Tagalog Dictionary 9780824840853

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Tagalog Dictionary

PALI LANGUAGE TEXTS: PHILIPPINES Social Science Research Institute University of Hawaii Howard P. McKaughan Editor

TAGALOG DICTIONARY TERESITA V. RAMOS

University of Hawaii Press Honolulu

The work reported herein was performed pursuant to a contract with the Peace Corps, Washington, D.C. 20525. The opinions expressed herein are those of the author and should not be construed as representing the opinions or policies of any agency of the United States government. First printing 1971 Second printing ¡974 Third printing 1975 Fourth printing 1978 Fifth printing 1980 Sixth printing 1982 Copyright © 1971 by University of Hawaii Press All rights reserved Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 71-152471 ISBN 0 - 8 7 0 2 2 - 6 7 6 - 2 Manufactured in the United States of America

PREFACE This dictionary forms one of three volumes on Tagalog. The other two are Tagalog for Beginners by Miss Ramos and Videa de Guzman and A Synopsis of Tagalog Structures by Miss Ramos. These form a part of a larger series under the name of PALI Language Texts: Philippines edited by the undersigned. The entire series has been developed under the auspices of the Pacific and Asian Linguistics Institute of the University of Hawaii through a contract with Peace Corps (PC 25-1507). It is the hope of the author of this dictionary and the editor of the series that this will be an aid to learners of Tagalog. It is our hope also that these learning materials will help foster the people to people friendship traditional between our countries. It should be noted that authors of texts in the series are from both the Philippines and the United States. Their working together in the development of these materials mirrors the close ties that can result from Americans learning Philippine languages. Howard P. McKaughan Editor

INTRODUCTION 1.

General

This dictionary is a compilation of about 4,000 Tagalog roots, affixes, stems (affix + root), and a few compounds and idioms. Entries have been chosen from Tagalog for Beginners which accompanies this dictionary, Panganiban's Talahuluganang PilipinoIngles, and from the compiler's native stock of Tagalog words. They form in the judgement of the compiler, the high frequency words that are necessary for a non-Tagalog speaker to be able to communicate effectively in day-by-day conversational situations. Roots with certain affixes have been entered as well as roots alone. This is because affixes in Tagalog are very productive in word formation. Some stems have meanings that cannot be predicted from the root alone. For example, karamdiman, n., 'sickness, ailment' , comes from the root damdam which by itself does not occur in the language. With the suffix -iji (damdamin, n.), the combination takes on the meaning of 'feeling, emotion, sensation'; with the compound affix m a — i n (maramdamin, adj.) the word means 'overly sensitive'; and with the prefix mag- (magdamdam, v.), it means 'to feel bad about'. Similar meanings are given as subentries of the root word; in this case, damdam. When a meaning can not be predicted, the word base with the affixes is entered separately (cf. karamdaman). Most of the entries, however, are root words. The general format of each entry is as follows: [Entry]

[(country of origin)] [part of speech] [/affix/] [(irregular spelling)] [gloss] [--syn., synonyms] [—var,, variant forms] [sentence illustrating the use of the entry, usually verb forms] [English free translation].

An example of an entry follows: dilat

n.

act of opening of the eyelids, --syn. mulat.

viii adj.

(dilrft) eyed .

wide-open eyes; wide-

v.

/-um-/ to open (as of the eyes). Dumflat ka. You open (your eyes). /i-/ to open one's eyes; to raise one's eyelids. Idflat mo ang mga mata mo. You open your eyes . /mang-:pang-, -an/ Pinangdil^tan She glared at me. niya ako.

Every entry (except for a very few) is followed by a symbol which identifies the part of speech of the item. The following symbols are used for such identification. adj . adv. conj . dem. int. intj . mkr. n. num. part. prep. pron. p.v. qnt. v.

adj ective adverb conj unction demonstrative interrogative interj ection marker noun numeral particle preposition pronoun pseudo verb quanti fi er verb

Af. is used to identify an affix. A root can have noun forming, adjective forming and verb forming affixes. When the root has different derivations, the order is usually the n. (noun) at the top of the list with the v. (verb) at the end. Many foreign words have been assimilated and have become part of the language. Many of these entries have their origins identified by the abbreviations of the countries from which they were borrowed.

ix For

example : k i r i (Ch) b a s k e t b ó l (Eng) h a k o t (Mai) l a s a p (Sk) r e l o h é r o (Sp)

Chinese English Malay Sanskrit Spanish

In this d i c t i o n a r y , b o r r o w e d words are entered i t h t h e i r o r i g i n a l a f f i x e s if t h e y so o c c u r r a t h e r than by the root only b e c a u s e such a f f i x e s are not as p r o d u c t i v e i n f o r m i n g w o r d s as the T a g a l o g a f f i x e s are.

w

F o l l o w i n g the p a r t of s p e e c h , a n e n t r y m a y h a v e a n a f f i x or a f f i x e s e n c l o s e d i n s l a s h e s . If t h e r e a r e t w o a f f i x e s , t h e f i r s t o n e is t h e a c t o r - f o c u s a f f i x a n d the s e c o n d o n e , s e p a r a t e d f r o m t h e f i r s t by a c o l o n , is u s u a l l y t h e g o a l - f o c u s a f f i x ; e . g . / m a g - : i - / . The d e f i n i t i o n of the e n t r y c o m e s n e x t f o l l o w e d b y a s y n o n y m or a v a r i a n t . Verb e n t r i e s are o f t e n i l l u s t r a t e d by a Tagalog sentence. S o m e t i m e s w h e n a n a f f i x is a t t a c h e d to a r o o t t h e s p e l l i n g of the w o r d c h a n g e s . A letter may be a d d e d o r d r o p p e d , o r the s t r e s s m a y s h i f t to a n o t h e r syllable. W h e n t h e s e c h a n g e s o c c u r , t h e w o r d is s p e l l e d o u t a n d e n c l o s e d , i n p a r e n t h e s e s f o l l o w i n g thè a f f i x e s e n c l o s e d in s l a s h e s .

2.

Selection a.

of

the

Entries

Nouns

T h e c o m p i l e r of t h i s d i c t i o n a r y h a s c h o s e n nouns that a learner w i l l most likely meet and u s e e a r l y i n c o m m o n s i t u a t i o n s i n the P h i l i p p i n e s . H i g h f r e q u e n c y n o u n s s u c h as w o r d s r e f e r r i n g to p a r t s of t h e b o d y , f l o r a a n d f a u n a , f o o d , c o l o r s , n u m b e r s , u n i t s of m e a s u r e , m e a n s of t r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c l o t h e s and s h e l t e r e t c . are thus i n c l u d e d in the dictionary. T e r m s u s e f u l to a v i s i t o r a s h e g o e s to m a r k e t , to t h e o f f i c e , to s c h o o l , to the d o c t o r , to the p o s t o f f i c e , to t h e s t o r e , to t h e m o v i e s ,

X

to t h e l a u n d r y , the b a r b e r shop Included. b .

to t h e t a i l o r o r s e a m s t r e s s , to or b e a u t y s a l o n etc. are also

Ad.j e c t l v e s

C o m m o n d e s c r i p t i v e b a s e w o r d s u s e d w i t h the nouns above are listed w i t h their affixes indicated b e t w e e n s l a s h e s if a n y . c.

Verb s

T h e T a g a l o g v e r b f o r m h a s b e e n f o u n d to b e t h e m o s t d i f f i c u l t p a r t of the l a n g u a g e to l e a r n . To h e l p the s t u d e n t use the r i g h t a f f i x , all v e r b roots are followed by actor and goal focus affixes (if t h e y m a y o c c u r ) a n d o c c a s i o n a l l y l o c a t i v e focus affixes for i n t r a n s i t i v e verbs. Of a l l t h e l i s t s , t h e v e r b l i s t is t h e m o s t e x h a u s t i v e , h a v i n g a b o u t 1 0 0 0 e n t r i e s a n d i l l u s t r a t e d b y as many sentences. It is i n t h i s d e t a i l e d l i s t i n g of t h e v e r b s a n d t h e i r m o s t c o m m o n a f f i x e s t h a t t h i s d i c t i o n a r y , it is b e l i e v e d , m a k e s its m a j o r c o n t r i b u t i o n to a f a s t e r c o n t r o l of t h e l a n g u a g e by a s tudent. d.

Particles

L i t t l e w o r d s w h i c h are u n t r a n s l a t a b l e by themselves but which have various meanings when in c o n t e x t ( t h a t i s , w h e n u s e d in s e n t e n c e s ) a r e i n c l u d e d in the d i c t i o n a r y . E x a m p l e s of t h e s e a r e the p a r t i c l e s n a m a n , m a n , p a , n a , a n d n g a ' . T h e s e p a r t i c l e s o c c u r v e r y o f t e n in c o n v e r s a t i o n s . To use the l a n g u a g e w i t h o u t t h e m w i l l r e s u l t in stilted Tagalog.

3.

Phonology

T h e c o n s o n a n t p h o n e m e s of T a g a l o g a r e : £ , _t, k, b , d, m, n, n£, JL, r , s^ h , w , a n d M o s t of t h e c o n s o n a n t s o u n d s h a v e t h e s a m e p h o n e t i c v a l u e as E n g l i s h c o n s o n a n t s o u n d s . H o w e v e r , the stops £.> k a r e u n a s p i r a t e d ; jr is f l a p p e d a n d _t, • um-inom 'to drink; drank'. The contemplated aspect is formed by reduplicating the first syllable (CV or V) of the root, e.g. langoy -* la-langoy, inom •*• _i-inom. The incompleted form affixes -um- to the base in the same manner as in the neutral form and also reduplicates the first syllable of the root, e.g. lalangoy 1-um-alangoy, iinom •*• um-i-inom. (b)

The mag- verb

The neutral form of this verb is constructed by prefixing mag- to the verb root, e.g. mag + laba maglaba 'to wash (clothes)'. The completed form is constructed by changing m- of the affix to n-, e.g. maglaba -*• naglaba 'washed (clothes)'. The contemplated aspect is formed by reduplicating the first syllable of the root and prefixing mag-, e.g. JLalaba -»• maglalaba 'will wash (clothes)'. The incompleted aspect is formed by prefixing nag- to the verb root and reduplicating its first syllable, e.g. naglalaba 'washing (clothes)'.

xxiii (c)

The m a -

verb

T h e m a - v e r b f o l l o w s the s a m e a s p e c t f o r m a t i o n as d o e s t h e m a g - v e r b . 1J- r e p l a c e s t h e m - of t h e p r e f i x f o r the s t a r t e d a c t i o n a n d t h e f i r s t C V - o r V - of t h e r o o t is r e d u p l i c a t e d for a c t i o n not t e r m i n a t e d . Bas e : Neutral : Completed : Incompleted : Contemplated :

tulog matulog iiatulog natutulog matutulog

(d)

verb

The m a n g -

'to s l e e p ' 1 to s l e e p ' 'slept' 'sleeping' 'will s l e e p '

T h e m a n g - a f f i x u n d e r g o e s t h e s a m e into n - r e p l a c e m e n t f o r s t a r t e d a c t i o n a n d r e d u p l i c a t i o n for n o n - t e r m i n a t e d a c t i o n , but there are some c h a n g e s in the f i n a l n a s a l s o u n d of the a f f i x as it g e t s i n f l u e n c e d b y t h e f o l l o w i n g i n i t i a l s o u n d of t h e root. T h i s c h a n g e is f o l l o w e d by a l s o d r o p p i n g t h e f i r s t c o n s o n a n t of t h e r o o t . These changes are called m o r p h o p h o n e m i c changes. T h e m o r p h o p h o n e m i c c h a n g e s of the m a n g - affix may be r e p r e s e n t e d by the following rule: mang

ft.

mang mang

d. s.

+

remainder of r o o t

+

+ mang .

Examples: mang +

jjili pili'

mani li — 'i j i marnili

remainder of r o o t

(

manahi 1

_tahi*

d^alangin manala'ngin kuha mang + ( s^unog anguha ->• mmanunog m ang i s d a" 1 isda II's and ¿'s do not influence the final nasal of the prefix mang- to change; e . g . m anggu1d m anghuli

mang + (j*ulo [huli

After the affixed verb form has undergone morphophonemic changes, the second syllable is reduplicated to form the incompleted and contemplated forms. Contemplated

Incompleted

mamimili mananahi' mangunguha

namimili n ananahi' nangunguha

Where no morphophonemic changes occur, the first syllable of the root is reduplicated . manggugulo manghuhuli (e)

nanggugulo nanghuhuli

The maka- verb

The maka- verb is inflected like the ma-/mag- verbs, except that the last syllable of the affix or the first syllable of the root may be reduplicated. Both are acceptable to native speakers: Contemplated makakas ay aw makasasayaw

Incompleted ->-+•

nakakas ay aw nakasasayaw

XXV

(f)

The -in verb

The neutral form of the -iji verb is formed by suffixing -rn to the verb root. alis + iji basa + hin

a 1 i sin basahin

If the base ends in a vowel, -hin is suffixed to the root rather than -jln. With the addition of the suffix -in.« there is also a shift in stress to the next syllable toward the end of the word. The completed aspect is formed by placing -in- before the first vowel of the root. in-alis b-in-asa The incompleted aspect is affixed the same way plus the first syllable of the root is reduplicated. in-a-alis 1 ' b-in-a-basa i l The contemplated aspect is similar to the neutral form with the first syllable of the base reduplicated; e.g. a alis in l 1 ba-basa-hin i i When roots begin with JL or n, the affix iji is inverted to n ^ only in the completed and incompleted forms. linis + innakaw + in-

->• n^linis -»• ninakaw

->•

nililinis ninanakaw

xxvi (g)

-in

The - a n

verb

T h e -jin v e r b verb does.

inflects

Punas Neutral: Completed: Incompleted: Contemplated:

+

an

punas-an p-in-unas-an p - i n - u p una*s-an pu-puna's-an

the

same way Punta +

the han

punta-han p - i n - u n t a-ha'n p-in-u-punta-h^n pu-punta-ha'n

- I n follows a consonant sound and - h i n T h e r e is a l s o a n a c c o m p a n y i n g a vowel sound. s h i f t i n s t r e s s to t h e n e x t s y l l a b l e w i t h t h e a d d i t i o n of t h e s u f f i x . (h)

The

i-

verb

T h e n e u t r a l a s p e c t of t h e jL- v e r b is f o r m e d by p r e f i x i n g to t h e v e r b r o o t , e . g . i h a g i s ; the c o m p l e t e d a s p e c t by p l a c i n g - i n b e t w e e n t h e f i r s t CV of t h e r o o t o r b y ni b e f o r e h, n , _1 a n d t h e v o w e l i n i t i a l s o u n d s of the r o o t ; e.g. i n i h a g i s , itinapon. T h e n o n - t e r m i n a t e d a c t i o n of t h e i n c o m p l e t e d and c o n t e m p l a t e d a s p e c t s are i n d i c a t e d by t h e r e d u p l i c a t i o n of t h e f i r s t C V - o r V - of the r o o t . Root

Completed

Incompleted

Contemplated

hagis yari ' abo t tapon

inihagis iniyari1 iniabot itinapon

inihahagis iniyayari 1 iniaabot it i n a t a p o n

ihahagis iyayari' iaabot itatapon

(i)

The

ipag-

verb

T h e i p a g - v e r b s b e h a v e l i k e the o t h e r p r e f i x e d v e r b s e x c e p t that the - i n - or the i n d i c a t o r of a c t i o n s t a r t e d is i n f i x e d i n the p r e f i x r a t h e r t h a n in the r o o t .

xxvii Neutral: Completed: Incompleted: Contemplated: Cj)

ipag-luto ip-in-ag-luto ip-in-ag-lu-luto ipag-lu-luto

The ipang- verb

The ipang- verb is inflected in the same manner as the ipag- verb, except that its final nasal sound undergoes the same morphophonemic changes the mang- affix undergoes e.g., ipan_£ + jtahi' -*• ipan_ahi'. Other forms are as follows: Completed: Incompleted: Contemplated: Note also the

ipiiiaiiahi' ipinananahi' ipanai^ahi' following:

ip ang + bili ip ang + kawit ip ang + butas Completed: Incompleted: Contemplated: ipang + damo ipanj» + l^inis (2)

-»•

->• ->•

ipamili ip angawi t ipambutas ipinambutas ipinambubutas ipambubutas ipandamo ip anlinis

Focus

Focus refers to the grammatical relationships that exist between the verb and one verbal complement marked by the focus marker ang. The verbal complement marked by ang or any of its substitutes is referred to as the topic of the sentence. The relationship of the topic to the verb may be any one of the following. A glossary for the Tagalog sentences appears at the end of this section. (a) The actor who does or originates action:

the

Aspect

-UM-

Completed: Incompleted: Contemplated:

Obj e c t

B u m i l i "i Bumibilif Bibili J Beneficiary

(sa. k a n i y a sa d y a n l t o r , kay M a r i a sa t l n d a h a n ¡ Ulto

goal which

Aspect

is

-IN-

Completed: Incompleted: Cont e m p l a t ed: [Object!

the

object

Completed: Incompleted: Contemplated:

-AN

the

f ko \ni N e n a I ng b a t a ^n i t o > Bene f iciary

[

/sa kaniya ( sa d y a n i t o r < kay M a r i a i sa t i n d a h a n Idito

Aspect

of

Actor

Verb

Binili ) Binibili [ BibilhinJ

locative which

I

sa k a n i l a sa guro ' kay Pablo diy an

Location

fang s a g i n g j [.ito

(c) The action:

|Actor|

Location

ng s a g i n g ] nito j

(b) The action:

Verb

sa k a n i l a sa g u r o ' kay P a b l o diyan

is

the p l a c e

Verb

Binilhan Binibilhanf Bibilhan J

of

the

Actor ko ni Nena i ng bataj ^nito

XX ix

|Lo cation]

Object fng sagingI i ni to J

Beneficiary

f siya ang dyanitor si Maria ang tindahan Vito

Í

sa k a n i l a sa guro 1 kay Pablo diy an

(d) The benefactive who or which beneficiary of the action. As pe ct

Verb

Actor

Completed : Incompleted : Contemplated :

Ibinili Ibinibili Ibibili

[Benef i ciary]

Object

fsila ) )ang g u r o I )si Pedro Liy an

is the

Lo cation

ng s aging) ni to J

'sa kaniya sa dyanitor kay Maria sa tindahan dito

(e) The ins trument which is the tool or means used to bring about the action. Aspect Completed : Incomple ted : Contemplated : Object ng saging) nito J

Ipang-

Verb

Actor

Ip inamb ili Ip inamb ib ili Ip a mb ib i li [Ins trumen t| ang pera niya ito

The instrument phrase is seldom used in ordinary Tagalog sentences. When in its non-focused form it is preceded by the nonfocus marker n £ or the phrase sa pamamagitan ng 'by means of'. The nj* phrase can be substituted by the ry» pronouns or demonstratives,

XXX

Gloss for above Tapalop senfrencas. Actor j I Nena ( The child This (one)J

Verb (bought ) lis buyingf Cwill buy J

Lo cation her the janitor Maria from the store ^this (place) (Ins t rument)

Obj ect (bananas [_these (ones)

Bene f i ciary

Í

them

the teacher Pablo that (place)/

by means of ^his (his imoneyj I.this (3)

Verbal

paradigms

The following verbal paradigms illustrate the use of different aspects and focuses in the indicative, distributive, and aptative kinds of action.

xxxi VERBAL CHART Indicative -UM- + kain 'to eat'

, MAG- + linis 'to clean'

A. Actor Completed Incompleted Contemplated

kumain kumain kumakain kakain

maglinis n^glinis naglilinis maelilinis

B. Goal Neutral Completed Incompleted Contemplated

k a(i)nin kinain kinakain kaka(i)nin

linis in nilinis nililinis lilinisin

C. Locative Neutral Completed Incomple ted Con temp late d

ka(i)nan kinainan kinakainan kaka(i)nan

linisan nilinis an nililinis an lilinisan

D. Benefactive Neutral Completed Incompleted Contemplated

ikain ikinain ikinakain ikakain

ip aglinis ipinaglinis ipinaglilinis ipaglilinis

E. Instrumental Neutral Completed Incomple ted Contemplated

ip angkain ipinangkain ipinangkakain ip angkakain

ipanlinis ipinanlinis ipinanlilinis ipanlilinis

Affix Class + Base Focus & Aspect:

xxxii VERBAL CHART Indi cative

(continued)

Dis tributive MANG- + to catch

MA- + tulog 'to sleep 1

huli

matulog natulog natutulog

manghuli nanghuli nanghuhuli

matut u1o g

manghuhuli

Aptative sulat

MAKA- + 'to write'

makasulat nakasu1a t nakakasulat nakasusulat nakakasulat makasusulat

panghulihin pinanghuli pinanghuhuli panghuhulihin

masulat nasulat nasusulat masusulat

tulugan tinulugan tinutulugan tutulugan

panghulihan pinanghulihan pinanghuhulihan p anghuhulihan

masulatan nasulatan nasusulatan masusulatan

i^t ulo g itinulog itinutulog i^tutulog

ipanghuli ipinanghuli ipinanghuhuli ipanghuhuli

maisulat naisulat naisusulat maisusulat

ipantulog ipinantulog ipinantutulog ipantutulog

ipanghuli ipinanghuli ipinanghuhuli ip anghuhuli

maipanulat naipanulat naipapanulat maipanunulat

xxxiii VERBAL

PARADIGM-PUTOL

Actor Focus Indicative

Dis tributive

Affix Class

-UM-

MAG-

MANG-

Neut. Comp . Ine . Cont.

pumutol pumutol pumuputol puputol

magpu t o1 nagputo1 nagpuputol magpuputol

mamutol namutol namumutol mamumutol

Ap tat ive

Neut. Comp . Ine. Cont.

MAKA-

MAKAPAG-

makapu t o1 nakaputol nakapuputol nakakaputol makapuputol makakaputol

makap agpu t o 1 nakapagpu t o1 nakakapagpu t o1

Social

Neut. Comp. Inc. Cont.

makakapagpu t o1

Causative

MAKI-

MAGPA-

makiputol nakiputol nakikiputol makikiputol

magpaputol nagpaputol nagpapaputol magpapaputol

xxxiv VERBAL

PARADIGM-PUTOL

B. Goal Focus Indicat ive Affix Class

-UM-

Neut. Comp . Ine. Cont.

putulin pinutol pinuputol puputulin

Dis tribu tive MAG-

putulin pinutol pinuputol puputulin

MANGpamutúlin pinamutol pinamumutol pamumutulin

Aptative

Neut. Comp . Ine. Cont.

MAKA-

MAKAPAG-

maputol naputo1 napuputol mapuputol

mapagputol napagputol napagpupúto 1 mapagpuputol

Social

Causative

MAKI-

MAGPA-

Neut. Comp. Inc.

pakipútol pinakipútol pinakikiputol

Cont.

pakikipútol

ipapútol ipinapútol ipinapupútol ipinapapútol ipapuputol ip ap aputol

XXXV

VERBAL PARADIGM-PUTOL C.

Locative Focus Indicative

Affix Class Neut. Comp . Ine. Cont.

MAG-

MANG-

pagputulan p inagputulan pinagpuputulan pagpuputulan

pamutulan pinamutulan pinamumutulan pamumutulan

-UMputulan pinutulan pinupu t ulan puputulan

Distributive

Ap tat ive MAKANeut, Comp . Ine . Cont.

maputulan naputulan napuputulan mapuputulan Social MAKI-

Neut, Comp , Ine.

pakiputulan pinakiputulan pinakikiputulan

Cont.

pakikiputulan

MAKAPAGmapagputulan napagputulan napagpuputulan mapagpuputulan Causative MAGPApaputulan pinaputulan pinapaputulan pinapuputulan papapu t ulan papuputulan

xxxvi VERBAL D.

Benefactive

PARADIGM-PUTOL

Focus Indicative

Affix Class

-UM-

Neut. Comp . Ine. Cont.

ijjutol ipinutol ipinuputol ipuputol

Distributive

MAG-

MANGip a m u t o 1 ip i n a m u t o l ip i n a m u m u t o 1 ipamumutol

ipagputol ipinagputol ipinagpuputol ipagpuputol

Ap tat ive MAKANeut. Comp . Ine. Cont.

maiputo1 naiputol naipuputol maipuputol

Social MAKINeut. Comp . Ine. Cont.

ipakiputol ipinakiputol ipinakikiputol ip a k i k i p u t o l

MAKAPAGmaipagputol naipagputol n a i p a g p u p ut o1 m a i p a g p u p ut o1

Causative MAGPAipagpaputol ipinagpaputol ipinagpapaputol ipagpapaputol

xxxvii VERBAL E.

Instrumental

PARADIGM-PUTOL

Focus Indi cat ive

Affix Class

-UM-

Neut. Comp . Ine. Cont.

ipamutol ip inamutol ipinamumutol ipamumutol

Distributive MAG-

MANG-

Ap tative MAKA-

MAKAPAG-

Neut. Comp. Ine •

maipamutol naipamutol naip amumuto1

Cont.

maipamumuto1

maip amutol naipamutol naipapamutol naip amumuto1 maipapamiitol maipamumuto1

Social

Neut. Comp. Inc. Cont.

Causative

MAKI-

MAGPA-

ipakipamutol ipinakipamutol ipinakikipamuto 1 ipakikipamutol

ipapamputol ipinapamutol ipinapapamutol ipapamumutol

xxxviii SUMMARY OF AFFIXES Indicative Affix Class A. Actor Neut. Comp . Inc. Cont.

-UM-

Distributive

MAG-

MANG-

-um-um-um-

magnagnagmag-

maNnaNnaNmaN-

B. Goal Neut. Comp . Inc. Cont.

- in •in-in•in

pag-, - m pinagpinagpag-, -in

paNpinaNpinaNpaN-

C. Locative Neut. Comp . Inc. Cont.

-an -in- . -an -in- , - an -an

pag-, -an pijiag-, -an pijiag- , -an pag-, -an

paN-, -an pijnaN-, -an piiiaN-, -an paN-, -an

Neut. Comp . Inc. Cont.

li, -ini, -ini-

ìpagip inagip inagipag-

ipaNipinaNip inaNipaN-

Instrumental Neut. Comp . Inc. Cont.

ipaNip inaNipinaNipaN-

ipaNipinaNip inaNip aN-

ipaNipinaNipinaNipaN-

D. Benefactive

xxxix SUMMARY OF AFFIXES (continued) Aptative :ix Class Actor Neut. Comp . Inc.

MAKA-

MAKAPAG-

makanakanakanakakamakamakaka-

makapagnakapagnakakapag-

Goal Neut. Comp . Inc. Cont.

mananama-

mapagnapagnapagmapag-

Locative Neut. Comp . Inc. Cont.

ma-, na-, na-, ma-,

Benefactive Neut. Comp . Inc. Cont.

mainainaimai-

maipagnaipagnaipagmaip ag-

Instrumental Neut. Comp . Inc. Cont.

maip aNnaipaNnaipaNmaipaN-

maipaNnalpaNnalpaNmaipaN-

Cont.

-an -an -an -an

makakapag-

mapag-, napag-, napag-, mapag-,

-an -an -an -an

xl SUMMARY OF AFFIXES (continued) Social Affix

Class

MAKI-

Causative MAGPA-

A. Actor Neut. Comp . Ine. Cont.

makinakinalakimakiki-

magpanagpanagpapamagpapa-

B. Goal Neut. Comp . Ine.

pakip inakip inakiki-

ipaip ina ip inaipinapaipaipapa-

Cont. C. Locative Neut. Comp . Ine.

D.

pakiki-

paki-j -an piriaki-, -an pi^nakiki- , -an

pa-, -an pl^na- , -an pijia- , -an pinapa-, -an pa-, -an papa-, -an

Cont.

pakiki-, -an

Benefactive Neut. Comp . Ine. Cont.

ipakiip inakiipinakikiip akiki-

ìpagpaipinagpaipiiiagpapaipagpapa-

ipakipaNipinakipaNipi_nakikipaNipakikipaN-

ipapaNipinapaNipinapapaNipapapaN-

E. Instrumental Neut. Comp. Inc. Cont.

xli Sentences Illustrating the Different Types of Focus of the Base Putol in the Imperative Non-Causative

Sentences

-UM- Verbi Actor Focus: Pumutol ka ng sanga sa kahoy. Goal Focus: Putuliti mo ang sanga sa kahoy. Locative Focus: Putulan mo ng sanga ang kahoy. Benefactive Focus: ^putol mo ang Nanay ng sanga sa kahoy. Instrumental Focus: Ipamutol mo ang itak ng sanga sa kahoy. MAG- Verb: Actor Focus: Magputol ka ng sanga sa kahoy. Goal Focus: PagpuputulTn mo ang sanga sa kahoy. Locative Focus: Pagpuputulan mo ng sanga ang kahoy. Benefactive Focus: Ipagputol mo ang Nanay ng sanga sa kahoy. Instrumental Focus: Ipamutol mo ang itak ng sanga sa kahoy. MANG- Verb: Actor Focus: Mamutol ka ng sanga sa kahoy. Goal Focus: Pamutulin mo ang sanga sa kahoy. Locative Focus: Pamutulan mo ng sanga ang kahoy. Benefactive Focus: Ipamuto 1 mo ang Nanay ng sangasa kahoy. Instrumental Focus: Ipamutol mo ang itak ng sanga sa kahoy. MAKI- Verb: Actor Focus: Makiputol ka ng sanga sa kahoy. Goal Focus: Pakiputol mo ang sanga sa kahoy. Locative Focus: Pakiputolan mo ng sanga ang kahoy. Benefactive Focus: Ipakiputol mo ang Nanay ng sanga sa kahoy. Instrumental Focus: Ipakipamutol mo ang itak ng sanga sa kahoy.

xlii Causative MAGPA-

Sentences Verb:

Actor Focus:

Magpaputol ka ng sanga sa kahoy sa kaniya. Goal Focus: Ipaputol mo ang sanga sa kahoy sa kaniya. Locative Focus: Paputulan mo ng sanga ang kahoy sa kaniya. Benefactive Focus: Ipagpaputol mo ang Nanay ng sanga sa kahoy. Instrumental Focus: Ipapamutol mo ang itak ng sanga sa kahoy. Non-Causative Actor Focus: Paputulin mo siya ng sanga sa kahoy.

xliii BIBLIOGRAPHY 1.

Unpublished

Material

Ramos, Teresita and Guzman, Videa de. Tagalog for Beginners. Pacific and Asian Linguistics Institute, University of Hawaii, 1969. 2.

Published

Material

McKaughan, Howard P. and Macaraya, Batua A., compilers. A Maranao Dictionary. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1967. Panganiban, Jose Villa. Talahuluganang PilipinoIngles. Manila: Kawanihan ng Palimbagan, 1966. Selected Vocabulary Lists. (Publications of the Institute of National Language) Special Edition. Manila: Bureau of Printing, 1964. Surian ng Wika. "The ABAKADA and the Pilipino Writing System", Diwa, 5: 33-45, 1968. Tablan, Andrea A. and Mallari, Carmen B. English, English-Pilipino Dictionary. Washington Square Press, Inc., 1961.

PilipinoNew York:

A a!

Intj.

an exclamation of sudden recollection.

aba!

intj.

an exclamation of surprise, wonder, or disgust; emphatic

denial.

abaka

n.

Manila hemp, abaca.

abak^da

n.

alphabet.

n.

delay; detention;

v.

/mag-/ (mag-abalal to trouble oneself over something or somebody. Huwag kang mag-abali. Don't trouble yourself (too much).

abala

disturbance.

/mang-:-in/ to disturb. Nangabala na naman sila kagabi. They caused some disturbance again last night. abaloryo

n.

glass beads; bead work.

abaniko

n.

folding fan.

ab^nte

v.

/i-/ to move something forward. Iabant/e mo ang kotse nang kaunti. Move the car forward a little.

--syn.

pamaypiy.

/-um-/ to move forward. ka nang kaunti. You move a little. abang

v.

Umabante forward

/mag-:-an/ to wait or watch for someone or some vehicle to come by. Mag-abang ka ng sasakyan. Wait for a vehicle. Wait for a ride. (abangan)

2 dbay

abiso

abitsuwela abo

abokado

n.

companion, best man, bridesmaid.

v.

/um-/ to escort; to act as best man, maid of honor, or bridesmaid at a wedding. Umabay si Pedro sa kasal. Pedro was best man at the wedding.

n.

notice, notification.

v.

/mag-:i-:-an/ to announce; to inform; to notify. Abisuhan mo si Juan ng aking pagdating. Notify John about my arrival.

(Sp) n. snap bean. n.

ashes.

adj.

grey

(Sp) n.

abogado/a abot

(Sp) n.

—var.

bitsu^las.

(color).

avocado. lawyer;

attorney-at-law.

adj.

overtaken; abreast with; within reach.

v.

/mag-:i-:-an/ to hand over; to give; to pass. Mag-abot ka ng pagkain. Pass some food. /um-:-in:-an/ to reach out for; to overtake or reach; to be in time for. Umabot ka ng ulam. Reach for the food (viand/main dish). Inibot niya ang bus. He got there in time for the bus. Inabutan niya ang bus. He caught up with the bus.

abrelata abrigo Abril

n.

(Sp) n. n.

can opener.

--syn. pambukis.

wrap; lady's coat. April.

3 abiibot

n.

knickknacks carried

abviloy

n.

contribution, help-fund, relief; aid; subsidy.

v.

/mag-:i-/ to contribute. Magabuloy ka sa patay. Contribute (some money) for the funeral. /um-:-an/ sa kanya.

aburfdo

(Sp) adj.

anxious,

abusido

(Sp) adj.

abusive.

abuso akitla'

(Sp)

around.

to aid. Umabuloy ka Help him. confused.

n.

abuse; maltreatment.

n.

idea; belief.

p.v.

to think. Akala ko'y kumain ka na. I thought you had already eaten. /mag-:-in/ to believe, to presume, to think, to conceive, to imagine, to opinion. Huwag kang magakalang ako ay taksil. Don't get the idea that I'm unfaithful. Baka akalain mong ako ay taksil. You might think I'm unfaithful.

ikap

v.

/mang-:-in/ to embrace with a connotation of farce. Nang-akap siya ng babae. He embraced a woman, (akapin) /um-:-in/ niya ako.

to embrace. Inakap He embraced me.

akasya

n.

acacia tree; monkeypod.

¿kay

n.

person led by the hand.

v.

/mag-:-in/ to lead by the hand. Inakay niya ang bata. He led the child by the hand, (akayin)

4 /um-/ to hang on (for support). Umakay siya sa akin. He hung on to me (for support or guidance). akbrfy

v.

/um-:-an/ to put one arm on another person's shoulder. Umakbay siya sa akin. He put his arm across my shoulder. (akbayan)

¿kin

pro.

my; mine.

¿kit

v.

/um-,mang-:-in/ to charm, to attract, to lure, to entice. Akitin mo ang mga mamimili sa pamamagitan ng iyong ganda. Attract the buyers over by means of your beauty.

akl^t

n.

book.

aklitan

n.

library.

ako

pro.

first person singular number pronoun meaning 'I', 'me'.

akmi'

v.

/mag-:-i/ to set something. Iakma mo ang baril. Aim the gun.

—syn.

libr6.

/um-/ to get ready to do something; to be properly fitted. Umakma siya. He got ready (to do something). aksaya

n.

wastage.

adj.

/ma-/

v.

/ma-/ to be wasted, to go to waste. Baka maaksaya ang tubig. The water might be wasted.

wasteful.

/mag-:-in:pag—an/ to squander, to use something wastefully. Nag-aksaya siya ng panahon. He wasted time. Huwag pag-aksayahan ng panahon ang hindi importanting

5 bagay. Don't waste time with unimportant things. aksidente

akto

(Sp)

aky^t

(Sp) n.

accident.

v.

/ma-/ to meet with an accident. Naaksidente siya kahapon. He met with an accident yesterday.

v.

/um-/ to act, to perform as in a play, to behave. Umakto siyang baliw sa isang palabas. He took the role of a crazy person in the play.

v.

/mag-:i-/ to carry something up a height. Mag-akyat ka rito ng isang baldeng tubig. Bring a pail of water up here. /um-:-in/ to climb up, to go up something. Akyatin mo ang punong iyon. Climb that tree.

adobo

adorno

n.

(Sp) n. v.

adyos

(Sp)

a favorite Filipino meat dish cooked in vinegar, salt, garlic, pepper and soy sauce. adornment,

decoration.

/mag-:-an/ to decorate. Nagadorno siya ng kanyang bagong bahay. He decorated his new house. farewell,

goodbye.

aga

adv.

/ma-/

early.

agahan

n.

breakfast.

agad

adv.

at once, soon, immediately, right away, promptly. Tumbakbo siya agad. He ran at once.

--syn.

almusil.

6 ¿gap

agaw

n.

promptness,

ad j

/ma-/

v.

/um-:-an/ to anticipate, to watch for something, to make sure that one gets it; to take advantage of something by, being early or prompt. Agapan mo ang mga sariwang gulay sa palengke. Get to market early to get the fresh vegetables.

n.

sudden snatching

v.

/mang-:-in:-an/ to snatch, to grab. Nang-agaw siya ng bag. He snatched (somebody's) bag!

quickness.

prompt, punctual, quick.

away.

/um-/ to participate in grabbing. Umagaw ka sa pabitin. (Get in there and) grab for the hanging obj ect. agham

n.

science.

agila

n.

eagle.

agiw

n.

cobweb.

agos

n.

current.

adj

/ma-/

v.

/-in/ to be carried away by the current. Inagos ang mga damit sa ilog. The clothes were carried away by the current in the river.

having swift

currents.

/um-/ to flow. Umagos ang tubig. The water flowed. Agos to aguhilya

n. (Sp) n

Augus t. hair pin.

7 áhas

n.

snake,

ahens iya

n.

pawnshop;

ahente

n.

agent;

áhit

n.

the shaved part; a shaving

v.

/mag-:in/ to shave. Inahit ni Pedro ang kanyang balbas. Pedro shaved off his beard.

v.

/mag-:-in, i-/ to take something out of the water. Iahon mo ang bata sa tubig. Pull the child out of the water.

áhon

agency,

salesman. service.

/um-/ to get out of the water. Umahon na tayo. Let's get out of the water. alaála

remembrance,

álak

wine, liquor,

alakdán

scorpion.

alaga'

pet, ward; person, animal or thing being taken care of.

souvenir,

/mag-:-an/ to take care of; to raise, to bring up. Alagaan mo ang iyong kapatid. (You) take care of your brother (or sister). alagad

n.

disciple;follower; helper.

apostle;

aláhas

n.

jewelry, jewels.

alahéro

n.

jewel maker; repairer; merchant.

alála

n.

memory,

v.

/-in/ (alalahlnin) to worry, to be anxious about something.

recollection.

8 /maka-:ma-/ to remember someone with something. Aba, nakaalala ka. Ah, you remembered (him... with something). /mag-/ to worry, to be anxious. Huwag kang mag-alala. Don't worry. alalahanin alalay

see alala + -in. v.

/mag-:-an/ to take precaution, to practice moderation or to act moderately. Alalayan mo ang pagkain. Take it easy on the food or eat moderately. /um-:-an/ to give support. Umalalay siya sa maysakit. He gave support to the sick (person) (physical support). Alalayan mo ang maysakit. Support the sick (person).

alam

n.

knowledge.

adj.

/ma-/

p.v.

/-in/ to know, to have a knowledge of, to find out. Alamin mo kung ano ang nangyari. Find out what happened.

alamang

n.

tiny

alamat

n.

folklore,

alambre

n.

wire,

alampay

n.

shoulder

alangan

adj .

uncertain, doubtful, not fitted, unfit.

knowledgeable, well-versed.

shrimps, tradition,

kerchief. insufficient,

9 /mag-/ to b e u n c e r t a i n , to b e d o u b t f u l , to b e I n a d e q u a t e . N a g - a l a n g a n s l y a sa s a s a b i h l n nlya. He w a s u n c e r t a i n about w h a t he w o u l d s a y . alapaap

n.

clouds.

alas

n.

ace

n.

saltiness.

adj .

/ma-/

v.

/um-/ to b e c o m e s a l t y . Umalat ang n i l u t o ko. My cooking became salty.

n.

dedication;

(Sp)

alat

alay

(in p l a y i n g

cards),

salty.

offering.

/mag-:i-:-an/ to d e d i c a t e , to offer. M a g - a l a y ka ng b u l a k l a k sa B i r h e n . O f f e r f l o w e r s to t h e Virgin. alkilde

(Sp)

alkansia alkil.i

(Sp)

(Sp)

alkitran

n. n.

mayor. piggy

bank.

n.

rent;

hire.

v.

/um-:in/ Umalkila h o u s e.

(Sp)

n.

tar,

to h i r e , to ka ng bahay.

rent. Rent a

pitch.

Ale

n.

aunt, step mother; expression a d d r e s s e d to a w o m a n ; r e f e r e n c e to a w o m a n .

Aleman

n.

German.

alikabok

n.

dust.

adj .

/ma-/

dusty.

10 aligi

n.

fat

aligid

adj.

circling

v.

/urn-/ to c i r c l e a r o u n d , to h a n g around. U m a l i g i d sa k a n i y a ang m a r a m i n g tap. Many people hovered around him.

alila'

n.

slave, maid,

alimcingo

n.

a

alimasag

n.

a species spreckled

alin

pron.

which;

alindog

n.

personal

alinsangan

adj .

/ma-/

aling

adj.

a title w i t h the w h e n the the noun

alingasaw

n.

e f f u s i o n or sive odor.

v.

/-um-/ U m a a l i n g a s a w ang bulok na isda. A n o f f e n s i v e o d o r is e m a n a t i n g f r o m t h e rotten, f i s h .

alipin

n.

slave.

alipunga

n.

athlete's

alipust4

v.

/mang-:-in/ to m a l t r e a t ; to r i d i c u l e ; to d e r i d e ; to i n s u l t . N a n g a l i p u s t a s i y a ng m a h i h i r a p . He i n s u l t e d the poor.

alls

n.

departure.

v.

/mag-:-in/ to t a k e a w a y , to r e m o v e ; to d e d u c t . A l i s i n mo

of

crabs,

shrimps,

around.

species

of

helper, crab,

of c r a b ; shell.

which

big

crab.

a crab

with

(one).

charm;

warm,

servant.

gorgeousness.

hot.

of f a m i l i a r r e s p e c t u s e d f i r s t n a m e of a w o m a n ; n a m e is n o t a p p e n d e d , f o r m is a l e . emanation

of

an

offen-

foot.

11 ang mesa sa kuwarto. table from the room.

Remove the

/um-/ to leave, to depart, to go away. Umalis siya kahapon. He left yesterday. alitaptSp

n.

firefly.

aliw

n.

consolation;

v.

/mang-:-in/ to console, to comfort. Aliwin mo siya. Console her.

n.

clarity,

adj.

/ma-/ clear, spacious, open, well-ventilated.

v.

/-um-/ to rise on the hind legs. Umalma ang mailap na kabayo. The untamed horse rose on his hind legs.

n.

a small stone mortar.

aliw&las

almi

(Sp)

almirfes almirol

(Sp) n.

almur&nas almusil

alfck

al?)g

(Sp) n.

comfort.

spaciousness.

laundry starch. piles

~var.

amirol.

(med.), hemorrhoids.

n.

breakfast.

--syn.

agahan.

v.

/mag-/ to have breakfast. Magalmusal tayo ng maaga. Let's have breakfast early.

n.

offer.

v.

/mag-:i-:-in/ to offer, to advertise. Alukin mo siya ng pagkain. Offer him some food.

n.

shaking up-

12 v.

/mag-:-in/ to s h a k e t h e c o n t e n t s of. A l u g i n mo ang k a h o n . Shake the b o x . /um-/ to s h a k e . U m a l 6 g ang sasakyan. The vehicle shook.

¿Ion

alpis

n.

waves.

v.

/um-/ to m o v e l i k e t h a t of waves. Umalon nang malakas k a h a p o n sa d u g a t . The waves w e r e big on the ocean y e s t e r d a y .

v.

/um-:-an/ u n t i e d (as

to b e c o m e f r e e , animals).

loose,

/maka-/ to b e a b l e to b r e a k loose. N a k a - a l p a s ang b i l a n g g o . T h e p r i s o n e r w a s a b l e to b r e a k loose. alpilfer alst

(Sp)

n.

pin;

brooch.

n.

a rising,

v.

/um-/ to r i s e . Umalsa The rice cake rose.

as of

dough. ang

puto.

/mag-/ to r e b e l , to r e v o l t , to r i s e u p a g a i n s t , to s t a g e a strike. Nag-alsa sila laban sa m g a d a y u h a n . T h e y r o s e up a g a i n s t the f o r e i g n e r s . /mag-:-in, i-/ to l i f t s o m e t h i n g . A l s a h i n mo ito. Lift this up. altSr

n.

altar,

shrine.

alul6d

n.

rain pipe, spout .

alumpihlt

adj.

wriggling and d i s c o m f o r t or

rain gutter,

twisting pain).

down-

(due

to

13 aluplhan

n.

centipede.

ám

n.

broth of rice.

ama

n.

father.

ámag

n.

mold, mildew.

amain

n.

uncle.

amáng

n.

reference to a boy.

ambá '

v.

/um-:-an/ to gesture threateningly. Inambaan niya ako. He gestured to me threateningly.

ambág

n.

contribution; share in a collective affair.

v.

/mag-:i-/ to contribute; to give a share of any kind. Mag-ambag tayo para sa mga mahihirap. Let's give something for the poor.

n.

drizzle, light rain, shower.

v.

to drizzle; to shower /um-/ lightly. Umambon kahapon. It showered lightly yesterday.

ambón

ambuláns iya (Sp) n. amerikána

n.

ambulance. suit

(for men); sports jacket,

Amerikáno/a n.

American

(male/female).

imin

pro.

first person plural number pronoun (exclusive) meaning 'our', 'ours', 'us'; shows possession or location when preceded by sa. Pumunta ka sa amin. Go to our place.

amirôl

n.

starch.

--var.

almirôl.

14 amo

(Sp)

¿mo'

n.

boss; master; employer; manager.

adj.

/ma-/

tame, not wild.

v.

/-in/ siya.

to placate. Amuin mo Placate him.

/um-/ to become tame; to become domesticated, submissive. Umamo ang mabangis na lion. The fierce lion became tame. ¿mot

v.

/um-:-an/ to obtain, procure, buy at cost price. Umamot ka sa kanya ng isang salop na bigas. He bought a ganta of rice at cost.

amoy

n.

smell, odor; aroma; body odor; intensive smell; offensive smell.

v.

/-in/ to smell something. Amuyin mo nga ito. Smell this. /mang/ to become smelly or odorous. Nangamoy ang sirang pagkain. The spoiled food smelled bad.

ampalaya

n.

bitter melon; balsam

apple;

amargoso. ampin

n.

sugared

popcorn.

ampaw

n.

puffed popcorn.rice or corn; sugared

ampon

n.

adopted child; protection in the form of adoption.

v.

/mag:-in/ Ampunin mo ang bata. Adopt the child.

15 anSk

n.

child, son/daughter,

offspring.

v.

/ipang-/ to be born. Ipinanganak na bulag ang bata. The child was born blind.

an¿haw

n.

palm tree.

Snay

n.

termite; white ants,

andad6r

(Sp) n

walking aid for babies,

andSmyo

(Sp) n

gangplank.

andir

¿ni

&nib

(Sp)

v.

/-urn-/ to work, function, to start as in machinery. Umandar ang kotse. The car started.

n.

harvest, product.

v.

/mag-, um-:-in/ to harvest, to reap. Umani kami ng palay. We harvested rice.

v.

/um-/ to join an organization; to be a member of. Umanib siya sa isang samahan. He joined an organization.

anibers&ryo n.

anniversary.

¿nim

num.

six.

anlnag

adj.

visible, transparent, lucent .

trans-

anlno

"n.

shadow, reflection,

anls

n.

nutmeg.

Snit

n.

scalp.

anito

n.

deity, idol.

ani>

int.

what; as a greeting, it means hello.

16 anod

v.

/ma-/ to be carried away by the current. /-in/ Inanod ng tubig ang bakya. The water carried the wooden shoes away.

anta antena

adj. (Sp) n.

antimano

conj.

/ma-/

rancid

(food).

antenna. beforehand.

anting-anting n.

amulet.

ant&k

v.

/-mag-, -in/ to b e sleepy. inantok ang bata. The child got sleepy.

anu-ano

int.

plural form of the quest ion word ano 'what'.

anuman

pron.

whatsoever; usually occurs with walang as in walang anuman to mean 'not at all or there is no thing to it'.

anyaya

n.

invi tation.

v.

/mag-:-an/ to invite. Naganyaya ako ng maraming bisita. I invited a lot of visitors.

any&'

n.

figure, form, appearance.

&ng

mkr.

definite article similar to 'the' that marks the topic of the sentence; focus marker; topic marker.

ang&t

v.

/mag-:-in, i-/ to lift, to raise something. Angatin mo ang silya. Raise this up.

Antok/

17

/um-/ to rise; to progress; to get lifted. Umangat siya sa kanyang kabuhayan. He raised his status in life. angkan

family, lineage.

angkas

/mag-:i-/ to take someone for a ride. Iangkas mo ako sa iyong bi sikleta. You take me for a ride on your bicycle. /um-:-an/ to hitch a ride, to ride with someone. Umangkas ako sa kotse niya. I got a ride in his car.

angkin

adj

inborn, native, having or possessing. /mag-/ to possess (usually used in the incompleted aspect meaning 'possessing or having'. Nag-aangkin siya ng tanging kagandahan. She has natural beauty. /mang-:-in/ to claim ownership usually of something that legally belongs to someone else. Nang-angkin na naman ito ng di kanya. He's claiming possession again of things that aren't his.

angk&p

adj

fit, proper, becoming.

anghSng

adj

/ma-/

anghfel

n.

angel.

itpa

n.

thin rolled wafer of rice, starch, and red sugar; ice cream cone.

aparad&r

n.

cupboard; clothes closet or cabinet.

spicy

(food); peppery

hot.

18 ¿pat

num.

four.

¿paw

v.

/um-/ to overflow, to Inundate. Umapaw ang tubig sa kanal. The water overflowed from the canal.

apd6

n.

bile, gall.

apelyido

n.

surname; last name.

api

v.

/mang-:-in/ to maltreat, to abuse, to oppress, to harm. Huwag mong apihin ang bata. Don't maltreat the child.

apl^ya

n.

beach.

ap6

n.

grandchild

¿pog

n.

lime.

ap6y

n.

f ire.

adj .

/ma-/

v.

/mang-, mag-:-in/ to feel some' thing by extending the hand. Inapuhap niya ang pera niya sa dilim. He groped for his money in the dark.

apiihap

(term of re ference).

fiery, flaming.

/um-/ to feel out by extending the hand. apiilid

n.

water

chestnut.

&ral

v.

/mag-:-in/ to study, ka ng iyong leksiyon. your lesson.

ar&ro

n.

plow.

Mag-aral Study

/mag-:-in/ to plow. Mag-araro tayo ng bukid. Let's plow the field.

19 ¿raw

day; sun. /urn-/ to shine brightly (the sun's coming out). Umaraw kahapon. The sun was out yesterday .

araw-draw

adv.

every day.

albuliryo

n.

a quack doctor who usually uses herbs for treatment of any kind of ailment.

arkitekto

n.

architect.

ari'

n.

property.

armado

(Sp) adj.

armed.

armiis (Sp)

n.

weapon; arms.

artista

n.

actor/actress (of the movie, stage, television, etc.).

arugi'

v.

/mag-:-in/ tender care; nurture. Magaruga' ka ng mga anak mo. Take care of your children. /um-:-an/ to hope for. Asahan mong di kita malilimutan. Bear in mind that I won't forget you.

asal

n.

custom, habit, behavior, manners.

asarol

n.

a large hoe.

v.

/mag-:-in/ to use a hoe, say to till the soil. Asarolin natin ang halaman^n. Let's hoe the garden.

asdwa

wife/husband, espouse (term of reference).

20

asik&so

/mag-:-in/ to mind, to take care of, to entertain. Asikasuhin mo ang mga panauhin. Entertain the visitors.

is in

sourness. adj ,

/ma-/

asin

n.

salt.

asindfero

n.

land owner, plantation

as is ti

v.

/um-:-an/ to assist, to help, to aid. Asistlhin natin ang mga nangangailangan. Let's help the needy.

aso

n.

dog.

as&

n.

smoke.

sour

(food).

owner.

aspilfc (Sp) n.

pin, straight pin.

as iika 1

n.

sugar.

asiil

adj .

blue

asus'ena

n.

tuberose.

asw&ng

n.

ghost, evil spirit.

'at

conj

and; connects words, phrases, or entire sentences of equal syntactic rank. ( + bakip lest. ( + n&ng) so that. ( + baga man) although.

(color).

at iba ph

etcetera; and so forth.

afake

/-in/ to attack, to have an attack. Aatakihin siya ng sakit sa puso. He will have a heart attack.

21 ataûl

coffin, bier,

atây

liver.

âte

appellation for elder sister; used with or without the given name (term of address reference)

âtin

pron.

atip

n.

first person plural number pronoun (inclusive) meaning 'our 1 , 'ours', 'us'; shows possession or location when preceded by sa. roof, roofing.

âtis

n.

sugar apple; custard

àtomo

n.

atom.

atrâs

v.

/um-/ to retreat; to back up ; to move back. Umatras ang kotse The car backed up.

atrasâdo atsâra atsuwête âwa '

âwat

(Sp) adj . n. (Sp) n.

apple.

late, slow. pickles

(papaya).

shrub with burry fruits used for food coloring.

n.

grace; pity; charity;

compassion.

v.

/ma-/ to take pity. Maawa ka sa akin. Pity me.

v.

/-um-/ Umawas ang tubig sa banyo. The water overflowed in the bathroom.

n.

pacification of quarreling people.

v.

/mang-, um-:-in/ to pacify a quarrel, to stand between a fight. Awatin mo sina Teria at Violeta. Pacify Teria and Violeta.

22 äway

a quarrel; v.

dispute.

/mag-/ to q u a r r e l ( w i t h e a c h other). Nag-away ana matalik na magkaibigan. The close friends had a quarrel. /mang-:-ln/ to q u a r r e l w i t h somebody. Nang-away na naman si M i n d a . Minda started another quarrel.

&wit

n.

song,

chant,

hymn.

v.

/um-:-in/ to s i n g . U m a w i t si N e n i t a sa klase. N e n i t a sang in class.

awto

n.

car;

&y

prt.

c o n n e c t s t h e t o p i c of t h e s e n t e n c e and the p r e d i c a t e w h e n t h e s e n t e n c e is g i v e n i n t h e reverse order; sentence inversion marker. Umalis siya Siya ay u m a l i s . He left.

&y!

int.

an e x c l a m a t i o n pain.

&yaw

p.v.

/um-:-an/ to b a c k o u t f r o m ; to r e j e c t , to d i s l i k e , to r e f u s e ( o p p o s i t e of g u s t o ) . Umayaw siya sa aking piano. He didn't like my plan.

Syon

adj.

parallel

adv.

a c c o r d i n g t o . . . ; as a l l e g e d by. A y o n sa sabi ng tao m a b a i t ka raw. A c c o r d i n g to w h a t p e o p l e say you are good.

v.

/um-:-an/ to a g r e e , to c o n f o r m , to go a l o n g w i t h . U m a y o n si Ernesto sa b a l a k ni R o s i t a .

automobile.

to;

in

--syn.

of

kotse.

surprise

or

agreement.

Ernesto went along with Rosita' plan. order,

orderliness.

/ma-/ orderly, arranged, fixed, just right.

(well

/mag-:-in/ to arrange, to put in order, to fix. Ayusin mo ang buhok ni Linda. Arrange Linda's hair. be ignorant of. Avwan ko. I don't know. -var. ewan. — s y n . dl alam.

B bà

prt.

question marker; expressive of interrogation in yes/no questions. Mayroon ba silang ginawa? Have they done anything?

babà 1

n.

descent.

v.

/um-:-in/ to go down, to descend. Bumaba siya sa hagdan. He went down the stairs. chin.

bàba '

/mag-:i-/ to reduce, to take down, to carry to a lower level. Ibaba mo ang iyong timbang. Reduce your weight. bàba '

ad j

short, low. /um-/ to become shorter; to become cheaper. Bumaba ang presyo ng mga bilihin. The price of goods went down.

babàe

n.

woman.

ad j

f emale.

bàbad

v.

/mag-:in, i-/ to soak. Ibabad mo ang damit sa sabon. Soak the dress in soap.

babalà'

n.

notice, sign.

bàbaw

ad j

shallow.

bàboy

n.

pig, pork.

bàboy-rami>

n.

wild pig.

24

25 baka

n.

cattle;

baka

adv.

possibly;

p. v.

maybe; perhaps. E x p r e s s i v e of undenied contingency negative of w i s h e s a n d f e a r s . Baka ka m a p u t u l a n ng d a l i r i . You might get your finger cut off.

biikal

n.

iron;

bakalfiw

n.

cod.

bak&s

n.

print; mark;

v.

/um-/ to m a r k o r l e a v e a m a r k ; to l e a v e a t r a i l o r v e s t i g e . Bumakas ang kanyang sampal. His slap left a mark.

n.

vacation;

v.

/mag-/ to t a k e a v a c a t i o n ; to l e a v e f o r a v a c a t i o n ; to go o n M a g b a b a k a s y o n si a vacation. V i d a sa T e x a s . V i d a is v a c a tioning in Texas.

adj.

detached;

v.

/-an/ to r e m o v e t h e b a r k o r t h i c k s k i n of s o m e t h i n g ; to chastise (someone).

bakb&kan

n.

fight;

bSkit

int.

why. have

baklci'

adj.

effeminate man; --syn. binabae.

bakli'

adj.

broken.

bakasy6n

bakbSk

cow;

beef.

perhaps;

maybe;

might.

steel.

trace.

rest.

decorticated.

altercation.

Bakit ka naparito? you come here?

Why

hermaphrodite,

26 bakod

n.

fence.

bakol

n.

a big basket (flat); a fourcornered bamboo basket with round opening.

baku-bak6'

adj

rugged.

baktina

n.

vaccination.

baktiran

n.

yard.

bakyi'

wooden

b&ga

embers; glowing

b&ga'

lung .

bag&

bagihe

shoes. coal,

adv.

emphatic marker; throws more stress on the interrogation. Ikaw baga. y nagasawa? Did you (ever) get married?

conj .

( + man)

(Sp) n.

although.

baggage.

b&gal

ad j .•

slow; sluggish.

bagSng

n.

molar

bSgay

n.

thing, object.

b agay

adj .

becoming; proper, fit.

v.

/um-:-an/ to suit, to Bagayan mo ang ugali niya. Make adjustments to suit his manners.

b&ging

n.

vine; climber;

b&go

n.

/pag-/

adj.

new, recent, modern.

adv./ con j

before;

bago

(tooth).

creeper.

(pagbabago) change.

recently,

27 bag6n

n.

freight car; wagon; van.

bago6ng

n.

salty small fish or shrimp relish; anchovies; wet-salted small fish or tiny shrimps (alam^ng).

bags&k

v.

/um-/ to fall; to fail. Bumagsak ang eroplanong sinasakyan ng pangulo. The airplane the president was riding on crashed. /mag-:i-/ to drop. Ibinagsak ni Totoy ang telepono. Totoy slammed down the telephone.

bagsik

adj.

violent, fierce, merciless; strict, cruel, severe.

bagy&

n.

storm;

typhoon.

(phenomenal verb) /-in/ to have a storm/typhoon. Baka ka bagyuhtn sa probinsya. You might get hit by a storm in the province. (phenomenal verb) /um-/ to rain violently as in a storm or typhoon. Bumabagy& ng malakas. The storm is raging strong. bahi'

n.

flood. (phenomenal verb) /-in/ to flood. Binah& ang buong bayan. The whole town was flooded. /um-/ to flood. Bumah& dahil sa lakas ng ulan. It flooded because of the strong rain.

bahcig

n.

G-string; loin cloth with a part pulled between the thighs.

28 bahaghári

n.

rainbow.

bahági'

n.

part; portion; piece.

bahagyi'

adj.

hardly, barely.

bahila'

n.

an expression of uncertainty or responsibility; e.g. bahala na kayo. The decision is yours; or it's up to you.

adj.

be responsible; manage, take charge; take care of. Mabah^la'. To feel concerned; worried; anxious.

n.

house,

báhay

baháy-batá' n.

uterus,

bahin

n.

sneeze.

v.

/um-/ to sneeze. Bumahin siya harap ko. He sneezed in front of me.

biho

adj.

foul odor, bad smell; odor.

bahúra

n.

reef.

bal

n.

lagoo n.

bailarina

(Sp) n.

stinking

--syn. lawa'.

dance r (feminine);

taxi-dancer.

n.

ball, dance.

n.

kindn ess.

adj.

kind ; good; gentle, virtuous,

baitáng

n.

steps of a staircase.

baiwáng

n.

waist

bàia

n.

bulle

baile

(Sp)

bait

sa

29 balâbal

n.

mantilla; wrap; shawl

v.

/mag-:-in, i-/ to wrap oneself with a shawl, mantle, or kerchief. Magbal&bal ka at nang hindi ka ginawin. Wrap yourself so you won't get cold.

n.

plan,

v.

/mag-:-in/ to plan; to intend to do. Bincilak kong dalawin ka. I planned to visit you.

balakâng

n.

hips .

balâkid

n.

obstacle.

balakûbak

n.

dandruff.

balâe

n.

parents and parents-in-law relationship (term of reference); a parent of one's son or daughterin-law.

balahibo

n.

fine body hair; feathery hair of fowls or woolly hair of animals.

bâlak

balânse

(Sp) 11

(apparel).

intention.

balance,

remainder,

bâlang

n.

locus t.

balangâ'

n.

wide mouthed earthen pot.

balangkâs

n.

framework.

balarlla'

n.

grammar.

balâsa

v.

/mag-:-in/ to shuffle playing cards. Balasahin mo na ang baraha. Shuffle the cards (now).

bâlat

n.

birthmark

—syn.

cooking

gram&tika.

(on skin).

30 balàt

n.

bark of a tree; skin; peelings; leather.

balatkayó

n.

costume;

balàto

disguise.

money given away by a winning gambler as goodwill.

(Sp) n.

/mag-:-an/ Balatuhan mo sila. Give them some of your winnings. balàtong

n.

soybean.

balbàs

(Sp) n.

beard.

balkón

(Sp) n.

porch; balcony.

baldàdo

(Sp) adj ,

baldé

n.

baldòsa

(Sp)

bàie

(Sp)

overused; disabled;

balkoniahe.

crippled,

large can; pail,

(Sp) n.

bàie

—var.

tile. value (used commonly as hindi bale, it's all right, never mind; bale wala, of no value). promissory

n.

note.

/ui-/ to get a cash advance. Bumble ako dahil sa kapos ako ngayon. I got a cash advance because I'm broke now. bale-b&le

(Sp) adj. of quite some value,

baledikt&ryan b&li'

(Eng) n./adj.

valedictorian,

n.

fracture.

adj.

(bali') fractured, broken.

v.

/um-:-in/ to break (usually with the hands). Binali ni Rogelio ang lapis sa kanyang galit. Roger broke the pencil in anger.

31 heave of throwing something like a boomerang or a piece of wood or cane. /um-/

to be thrown, hurled.

/mag-:i-/ to throw, hurl, cast an object. Ibinalibdg ng bata ang kanyang laruan. The child threw down his toy. /mang-:-in/ to throw, hurl, cast an object at someone or something. Nangbalibég si Pedro ng kahoy sa kanyang mga kalaro. Pedro threw the stick to his playmates. awl; auger; bit.

—syn.

barèna.

/um-/ to come back; to return. Bumalik si McArthur sa Pilipinas. McArthur returned to the Philippines. /mag-:i-/ to return something; to restore. Ibalik mo agad ang libro. Return the book early. /ma-/ to be returned to former status. Nabalik sa kanya ang dati niyang bahay. He got back his former house. shoulder. /um-/ to turn suddenly to the opposite side; sudden rising from a lying position. Bumalikwàs ako sa kama nang narinig ko ang putok ng baril. I jumped out of bed when I heard the gunshot. /mag-:-in/ to turn something suddenly to the opposite side.

32 baligtad

adj.

inside-out; up-side down. — v a r . baliktad. /mag-:-in, i-/ to turn something over; to invert; to reverse; to turn inside-out. Baligtarin mo ang kinula ko. I turned over those things (cloth) I was sun bleaching. /um-/ to turn over. Bumaligtad ang sasakyan. The vehicle turned completely over.

balimbing

n.

starfruit; a small tree whose edible fleshy fruit has five longitudinal, angular lobes.

baliiitawàk

n.

woman's native costume with butterfly sleeves,informal; historical place north of Manila where the first cry of the Revolution against Spain was made by Andres Bonifacio.

balintuwàd

adj .

bottom-up; upside-down. baligtad.

ballsa

n.

•anxiety.

adj .

(b alis a) anxious;

balisóng

n.

fan knife made in Batangas.

balita'

n.

news .

adj .

well-known; famous; talked

v.

/mag-:i-/ to tell; to report; to relay the news. Ibalita mo naman sa amin ang nangyari. Let us know what happened.

n.

crazy or demented

adj .

crazy, demented.

baliw

—syn.

restless,

person.

about.

33 bàio

widow; widower. —var. — s y n . biyudo/biyuda.

balón

a well (of water); a deep hole in the ground.

bálot

covering; wrapping; take home food. adj

bao.

(balot) covered, wrapped. /mag-:-in, i-/ to wrap, to encase, to envelope. Magb&lot ka ng makakain natin. (You) wrap the food we're going to eat.

baisi

n.

bálse

(Sp) n.

balták

baltik baluktót

raft. waltz.

n.

sudden; strong pull.

v•

/mang-:-in/ to pull suddenly. Baltakin mo siya at baka mahulog. Pull him or he might fall.

n.

stubborness; head

_adj ,

strongness.

crooked; curved; bent.

balunbalünan n.

gizzard

balíit

n.

boiled duck's egg with partially developed embryo (a native delicacy)

balíitan

11.

(rw. balot) bundle; package.

balyéna

(Sp) n.

(of fowls).

whale; white wax

bának

11.

mullet

(adult).

banál

adj,

pious, virtuous.

candle.

34 banas

n.

sultriness and humidity. alinsangan.

adj .

/ma-/

n.

a strike, sock, box or stroke to hit something; a pull to stretch.

adj .

(banat)

v.

/mag-:-in/ to pull; to stretch. Ban&tin mo ang iyong buto sa trabaho. Stretch your bones with some work.

baniyad

adj.

moderate, soft

banda

adj.

towards or about a certain place or time; in the direction of.

banda

n.

band of musicians; an organized group of musicians.

banat

sultry and humid.

taut,

bandana

(Eng) n.

kerchief;

bandeha

(Sp) n.

tray.

bandehado

(Sp) n.

flag.

bandila'

n.

flag.

bangay

n.

cadaver,

(Sp) n.

banid&so/a

(Sp) adj

stretched

(in manner).

scarf.

platter; oblong china tray,

bandfera (Sp) n.

bandldo

—syn.

—var.

bandila'.

corpse,

bandit. vain.

banlg

n.

mat.

b&nil

n.

adhering dirt on neck,

banllya

n.

vanilla.

35 banl&w

v.

/mag-:-an/ to rinse; to cleanse. Banlawan mo ang mga kinula. Rinse the things you have sun bleached.

banll'

n.

scalding.

v.

/mag-:-an/ to scald; to steri: Banlian mo ang mga tinidor at kutsara. Scald the forks and spoons.

bans&'

n.

country; nation.

bans6t

adj .

stunted (in growth); in development.

bantii'

n.

threat.

v.

/mag-:-an/ to threaten. Binantaan niya ako. He threatened me.

bantid

adj .

sated; satiated. suy&'.

bant&y

n.

guard; watcher.

v.

/mag-:-an/ to watch closely; to be on guard. Bantay^n mo ang bahay. Guard the house.

bant&yog

n.

monument.

bant&g

adj .

f amous.

b any ciga 1

n.

foreigner.

b&nyo

n.

bathroom; shower

(Sp)

arrested

—syn.

sawd'

room.

sponge bath.

bany&s

(Sp) n.

bangii'

n.

jar, earthen jar; for drinking water.

b&ngaw

n.

big fly.

36 bangki 1

n.

boat; banca.

bangkiy

n.

corpse,

cadaver.

bangk6ro

(Sp) n.

boatman; banker; dealer and/or payer in gambling (shortened to bangka, colloquially).

bangkdta

(Sp) n.

sidewalk.

bangk6te

(Sp) 11.

banquet.

b&ngko

n.

bank.

bangk6'

n.

bench; stool.

banggi'

v.

/-urn-/ to hit something; to collide with something. Bumanggik ang kotse sa pader. The car ran into a stone wall. /ma-/ to hit; collide against accidentally; to bump into. N&bangga' ang kotse sa pader. The car ran against the stone wall. /mag-:i-:-in/ to ram an object against something; to collide against something. Binangga ng kotse ang pader. The car ran into the stone wall. /mang-:-in/ to hit or ram against. Binangg& niya ako. He bumped into me (intentionally).

bangg&ra

bangglt

(Sp) n.

v.

extension from windows where the chinaware is kept. —var. banggerahan. /-um-:-in/ to mention; to cite. Binangglt niya sa akin ang nangyari. He mentioned what happened to me.

37 bangln

n.

ravine; abyss;

bangis

n.

ferocity; wildness.

adj.

cruel; fierce.

n.

aroma;

fragrance.

adj.

/ma-/

fragrant;

n.

rising from a lying

v.

/-um-/ to rise from a lying position; to get up from bed. Bumlngon siya nang maaga kanina. He got up early a while ago.

bang6

bangon

precipice.

sweet-smelling position.

/mag-:i-/ to raise something; to set something in an upright position. Ibangon mo ang maysakit. Help the sick person get up. bang&s

n.

milk fish.

b&'o

n.

coconut shell without husk or meat; widow/ widower.

ba&l

n.

footlocker; chest; a rectangular trunk (for clothes).

b&on

n.

provision or supply of food taken on a journey.

v.

/mag-:-in, i-/ to carry provisions or supply usually food. Magb&on ka nang di ka gutumin. Take enough food to keep you from getting hungry.

v.

/-um-/ to become buried; to sink. Bumafen ang sapatos ko sa putik. My shoes got covered with mud.

baitn

38 /mag-:i-/ to b u r y s o m e t h i n g . Iba6n mo ang patay n a pusa. Bury the d e a d cat. bap6r

n.

ship, boat;

steamship.

bars

v.

/-um-/ to c a u s e a n o b s t r u c t i o n . B u m a r i sa d a a n ang n a b u w a l na kahoy. The u p r o o t e d tree b l o c k e d the road (path). /mag-:i-/ to b a r , to h i n d e r ; to o b s t r u c t w i t h s o m e t h i n g . I b a r a mo ang m g a b a t o sa d a a n . B l o c k the road (path) w i t h s tones.

bar&ha

n.

playing

cards,

barciso

n.

arm.

barat

adj.

niggardly;

barbel

n.

a weight

barbero

n.

barber.

barberya

n.

barbershop.

baryta

n.

bar.

barll

n.

gun.

v.

/-um-/ to s h o o t w i t h a g u n . B u m a r l l si P e d r o . Pedro shot the gun.

stingy,

(used

miserly.

in w e i g h t

lifting).

/mag-/ to s h o o t o n e s e l f . Magbaril ka. Shoot yourself. /mang-:-in/ to s h o o t at s o m e thing. B a r i l i n mo ang ibon. Shoot the b i r d . barnis

n.

varnish

39 baro'

,

n.

barungbarong

dress; upper garment. bestido, damit.

n.

barong-Tagalog

make-shift n.

--syn.

shack.

man's native shirt, formal.

barumbado

adj.

temperamental.

bary£

n.

loose or small change;

n.

barrio; subdivision of a town.

v.

/-um/ tula.

biryo

(Sp)

basa

coins.

to read. Bumasa ka ng Read a poem.

/mag-:-in/ to read something. Basahin mo ang diyaryo. Read the newspaper. basi

bisag

adj

wet.

v.

/ma-/

adj

(basag)

to become wet, drenched. broken.

/maka-:ma-/ glassware or dentally; to Nabasag niya He broke the

to break china, earthenware accibe able to break. ang mga pinggan. plates.

/mag-:-in/ to break glassware, china, earthenware; to crack; to break repeatedly. Baka basagin ng bata ang plorera. The children might break the flower vase. basahan basket

n. (Eng) n.

basketbol

(Eng) v.

cleaning

rag.

basket. /mag-/

to play

basketball,

basi'

n.

rice wine.

baso

n.

drinking glass; drinking

cup.

40 basti (Sp)

adv.

bastón

an interjection meaning just; as long as. cane; walking

enough;

cane.

bastós

adj

uncouth; rude, impolite, impertinent .

basura

n.

trash; garbage.

basura

(-hán) n.

garbage container; trash can; any place where garbage or trash is disposed.

basurero

n.

(rw. basura) collector.

báta

n.

nightgown;

bata'

n.

child.

báta'

adj.

young;

batá

v.

/mag-:-in/ to endure; to tolerate; to bear; to suffer. Nagbata ng hirap ang aking ina para sa aking kinabukasan. My mother endured hardships for my future.

garbageman,

garbage

robe.

immature.

batak

/-um-:-in/ to pull; to stretch. Batakin mo ang lubid. Stretch/pull the rope.

batalán

rear of barrio house for washing and for storage of water.

batás

law.

bátaw

n.

hyacinth bean.

bátay

v.

/i—/ to base on something. Ibinatay sa tula ni Rizal ang drama. The drama was based on Rizal's poem.

41 bateria

(Sp)n.

storage battery; battery.

flashlight

Bathala'

n.

God.

b^ti'

v.

/-um-:-in/ to greet; to welcome; to salute; to congratulate (batiin). Binati namin ang mga bagong dating. We welcomed the new arrivals.

bating sut

n.

bathing

b&tis

n.

stream; creek, spring.

bat&

n.

stone; kidney.

b&tok

n.

nape

bat6g

n.

shelled and boiled corn to which grated coconut and salt are added.

batsoy

(Ch) n.

suit.

(of neck); back of neck.

chopped and saut6ed of pig with soup.

batubal&ni' n.

magnet.

bat&gan

lazy, indolent.

adj .

entrails

police club; conductor's wand; baton.

batata

(Sp) n.

batya'

n.

laundry

tub.

bafil (Sp)

n.

clothes

chest.

b&wal

adj.

forbidden;

v.

/mag-:i-:-an/ to prohibit; to forbid. Ib&wal mo ang pagsisigarilyo sa loob ng klase. Prohibit smoking in the classroom.

biwang

garlic.

prohibitive.

42

b^was

/mag-:i-/ to lessen; to remove (something) from.

bawa't

pron.

each; every; as in bawa't everyone; everybody.

isa;

bawl'

n.

recovery;

v.

/-um-:-in/ to recover. Bumiwi ka na lang sa susunod. Just make up for it the next time.

retraction.

/mang-:-in/ to get back what was given away. Biniwi ni Jose ang singsing na ibinigay niya sa akin. Joe took back the ring he gave me. b£a*

/-an/ to allow or tolerate (a situation); to let (someone) alone. Bayian mo siya. Let him 'alone.

bayibas

guava.

blyad

payment; adj

fare.

(bay£d) paid for. /mag-:-an/ to pay for; to compensate. Magbayad tayo ng utang. Let's pay the debt. Bayaran mo ang kinain natin. Pay for what we have eaten.

bay ag

n.

testicle.

bclyan

n.

town; country;

bayini 1

n.

hero .

bayiw

n.

brother-in-law reference).

fatherland,

(term of

43 bayàwak

n.

large

baybay

n.

seashore.

baybàyin

n.

coast.

baylarina

n.

bayó

v.

ballerina; ballet dancer. —var. b ailarina. /mag-:-in/ to pound; to crush. Bayuhln mo ang palay. Pound the unhusked rice.

bayóng

n.

large bag.

baytàng

n.

grade; level; step.

baywàng

n.

waist.

béking pàwder n.

baking

békon

bacon.

n.

r

beisbol belo benda

(Eng) n.

(Sp velo) n. (Sp venda) n.

bendisyòn bènta

(Sp)

(Sp) n. n. v.

bentilad&r

(Sp) n.

lizard,

powder.

baseball. veil. (surgical)bandage. benediction. sales; income from

/mag-:i-/ to sell. Ibenta mo ang niluto kong pansit. Sell the pancit you cooked. ventilating

bengga'nsa (Sp) n.

vengeance.

bérde

green.

berdugo

adj. (Sp) n.

sales.

fan; electric

executioner of death

fan.

sentence.

44

beriberi

(Sp, Eng) n.

bestido

n.

beter&no

(Sp) n.

b&tsin

n.

bfeynte

num.

(med) beriberi,

dress.

--syn. b&ro.

veteran, monosodium glutamate, food seasoning. twenty.

bfeynte-singko num.

twenty-five.

bibêro

bib .

(Sp) n.

b ib i

n.

duck.

bibfg

n.

mouth.

biblngka

n.

rice cake.

blki'

n.

mumps.

biklg

n.

foreign matter (as fishbone) stuck in the throat.

Bikola'no/a

n.

a person from the Bikol region

bida

v.

/mag-:i-/ to tell or relate a story or happening. Iblda mo naman sa amin ang biyahe mo Tell us about your trip.

b igâs

rice

bigât

weight; adj

/ma-/

— v a r . bfeke'.

(husked); uncooked

rice.

heaviness. heavy.

bigây

/mag-:i-:-an/ to give. Ibigay mo ang lapis sa kanya. Give the pencil to him.

bigkâs

pronunciation.

45 bigh&ni'

n.

charm; seduction,

bigli'

adv.

suddenly;

big6'

adj.

frustrated;

big6te

n.

moustache.

bigti

v.

/mag-:-in/ to hang or strangle oneself. Nagbigti siya sa sama ng loob. He strangled himself because of sadness.

bihag

n.

prisoner of war;

bih&sa bihilya

(Sk) adj. (Sp) n.

immediately, disappointed,

captive.

accustomed; used to. fasting.

adv. n. adj .

seldom; rarely. the dress one wears. (bihis) well-dressed; dressed up.

v.

/mag-:i-:-an/ to change clothes. Bihisan mo ang bata. Dress the child.

bihon

n.

rice noodle.

bilk

n.

young of a pig.

bil&d

v.

/mag-:i-/ to put under the sun; to dry; to expose to the sun. Ibilad mo ang palay. Spread the palay (under the sun) .

bllang

n.

number; numeral.

v.

/-um-/ to count. ka hanggang sampu. to ten.

bihira' bihis

Bumilang Count up

/mag-:-in/ to count something. Bil&ngin mo ang mga sisiw. Count the chickens.

46 bilangg6'

n.

prisoner.

v.

/ma-/ to be imprisoned; to be put in jail. Ibinilanggo siya. He was imprisoned. /mag-:i-/ to imprison; to captivate. Ibinilangg6 ang nakapatay. The murderer was imprisoned.

bilanggfian

n.

(rw. bilanggo') prison. --syn. bilibid. winnowing basket (for removing rice chaff).

bil^o

n.

bil&s

n.

brother-in-law's wife or sisterin-law's husband (term of reference).

bilas&'

adj.

stale; not fresh.

bill

v.

/-um-:-in/ to buy; to purchase. Bumili ng bahay si Gng. Cruz. Mrs. Cruz bought a house. /mag-:ipag-/ to sell. Ipinagbili nila ang kanilang lupa at bahay. They sold their house and lot.

bilibid

n.

prison.

—syn.

bilangguan.

v.

/i-/ to tie around a twine or card several times. Ibilibid mo ang lubid sa poste. Tie the rope around the post.

bllin

v.

/mag-:i-/ to make a request or order for something. Magbilin ka na ng gusto mo habang narito pa ako. Order what you want while I'm still here.

billng

adj.

turned over; bent;

v.

/-um-/ to turn aside. ka. Turn over.

inclined. Bumiling

47 /ma-/ to be turned aside. Nabiling ang mukha niya sa lakas ng sampal. His head was turned aside by the force of the slap. His face was swung aside by the force of the blow. /mag:-in ,i-/ to turn over; to turn around. Ibiling mo ang ulo ng bata sa unan. Turn the head of the child on the pillow. bilog

blnat

n.

circle;

roundness.

adj.

/ma-/

n.

relapse.

v.

/ma-/ to have a relapse. Nabinat siya sa katratrabaho. He had a relapse because of overwork.

round;

circular.

/-in/ to cause a relapse. Huwag mo siyang binatin. Don't strain him (or he might have a relapse). bills

biloy bilyär bimpo

n.

speed.

adj.

/ma-/ speedy; rapid; swift.

v.

/-an/ (bilis^n) to make fast; speed up. Bilisän mo ang takbo ng kotse. Drive the car faster.

n.

dimples.

(Sp) n. (Ch)

binabäe

fast;

billiards.

n.

small face

towel.

adj.

hermaphrodite; effeminate. — s yn. baklä'.

48 binata'

n.

unmarried

binatog

n.

steamed or boil ed grains of corn mixed with coconut gratings and salt.

bindisy&n bindlta

(Sp) n.

(Sp) n.

binditado

man; bachelor.

benediction, holy water,

(Sp) adj. blessed; holy.

binhi'

n.

seed

biniblni

n.

miss; unmarried young woman,

binlld

n.

rice particles,

n.

small swift

bintctna'

n.

window.

bint&ng

v.

/mag:i-/ to lay the blame on somebody; to impute; to accuse somebody. Ibint&ng mo ang lahat kay Rosita. Blame everything on Rosita.

bintl 1

n.

leg; calf of a leg.

biny&g

n.

baptism.

binta

(Sp)

(chosen for the nursery)

sailboat,

/mag-:-an/ to baptize someone. Nagbiny&g ng mga bata ang pare kahapon. The priest baptized the children yesterday. bingl (Ch)

adj.

deaf.

blngit

n.

edge; rim.

bingwlt

n.

pole; hook; line and sinker for fishing. — v a r . binwit.

—syn.

gilid.

49

/mang-:-in/ to fish with a hook, line and sinker. Mamingwit tavo ng isda bukas. Let's go fishing (with hook, line and sinker) tomorrow. biro'

n.

a joke.

v.

/mag-:-in/ to tease; to make fun of. Huwag magbiro sa lasing. Don't make fun of drunks.

bisa'

adj.

/ma-/

b i s kw 11

n.

cookies; crackers, and the like.

forceful;

effective.

bise

adj.

vice. e.g. bise-presidente. Vice-president.

bisikléta

n.

bicycle.

bisig

n.

arm,

b isí ta

n.

guest; visitor.

v.

/-um-:-in/ to pay a visit. Bumisita kami sa ospital. We visited (someone) in the hospital.

forearm.

bistfek (Eng) n.

beefsteak.

bis to (Sp)

adj

obvious;

blsyo

n.

vice.

bltag

n.

snare for birds, based on a looped twine.

bitáw

n.

release of hold.

v.

/-urn/ to release one's hold. Huwag kang bumitaw sa renda ng k a b a y o . D o n ' t release the reins of the horse.

(Sp)

discovered,

50 bitay

/mag-/ to hang oneself by the neck. Magbitay ka. Hang yourself. v.

/-in, i-/ to hang (by the neck). Ibitay mo ang krimlnal. (You) hang the criminal.

bitbit

v.

/mag-:-in/ to carry or hold dangling from the fingers or the hand. Bitbitin mo nga ang mga daeng. Carry the dried fish.

bitin

n.

dangling prizes and

adj.

(bitin)

v.

/-urn-/ to hang. Bumitin si Rogelio sa punong kahoy. Rogelio/Roger dangled from the tree.

favors.

hanging; suspend.

/mag-:i-/ to hang something. Ibitin mo ang mga daeng. Hang the dried fish. bitiw

v.

/-urn-/ to release one's hold or grip. Bumit iw siya sa aking paekakahawak. He released himself from my grip. /mag-:-an/ to resign; to let go. Nagbitiw ang kalihim sa kanvang katungkulan. The secretary resigned from his job.

bits bitsin

n. (Ch) n.

beets. flavoring powder;

seasoning.

— var. b ets in. bituk a

n.

intestine.

bituin biyak

n. v.

star. /mag-:-in/ to cleave; to split; to break into two. Blvakin mo nga ang nivog. (You) cleave the coconut open.

51 biyahe biyah6ro

n. (Sp) n.

trip; journey. voyager;

traveller.

biy&s

n.

flank;

biyiya'

n.

favor; grace; mercy.

biyeniin

n.

mother-in-law or father-in-law (term of reference for parentsin-law). — v a r . biyanAn.

Biydrnes

n.

Friday.

Biyernes S&nto n.

Good

biyolin

violin.

n.

internode.

Friday.

biyolinista n.

violinist.

biyfido/a (Sp) n.

widow/widower.

blingko

nothing; blank.

(Sp) adj.

blftsa

n.

blouse.

b6bo

adj.

dumb; stupid; dull.

bokabul&ryo

(Sp) n. vocabulary.

b&ksing

11.

boxing.

boksing&ro

n.

boxer.

b6dabil

n.

vaudeville.

bod&ga

n.

storeroom; warehouse.

b&la

n.

ball.

v.

/mang-:-in/ to flatter; to jest; to put someone on. Nambola siya ng husto. He flattered (someone) a lot.

52 b&ling

/mag-/

to bowl.

b6lpen

n.

ball point.

bolunt&ryo

n.

volunteer; peace corps volunteer,

b6mba

n.

pump.

Bombay

n.

Indian

bombfero

n.

f ireman.

bombilya

(Sp)

(native of

India).

electric light bulb.

b&ses

n.

voice.

--syn.

b6ta

n.

boots;

b&te

n.

bottle.

tinig.

rainboots. --syn. botelya.

botika

drugstore; pharmacy. parmisya.

b6to

vote.

—syn.

/-um-/ to vote. Bumoto tavo sa darating na halalan. Let's vote in the coming elections. /i—/ to vote for someone. Ib6to natin ang mabuting kandidato. Let's vote for the good candidate. br 'a.

n.

bra.

br'as

n.

brush.

brasiyfer

n.

bra.

br&so

n.

arm.

brily&nte

n.

diamond.

brfetsa (Sp) n.

—var.

brasiyfer.

Bras sa buhok.

painter's brush

(large).

Hairbrush.

53 b ruha

n.

witch; old hag.

bubotig

n.

roof .

bubót

ad j .

unripe, immature,

bubtìyog

n.

bumble-bee.

bukà

ad j .

open.

v.

/-um-/ The bud

Bumuka na ang buko. opened.

/i—/ Ibuka mo ang bibig mo. Open your mouth. bukàka'

adj.

/naka-/ wide apart (as legs when standing with feet wide apart), --syn. bikaka'.

bukàna

n.

front;

bukàng-bibig n. bukàng-liwaywày

n.

threshold.

favorite expression. bukSmbibig.

--var.

break of dawn; dawn. madaling-araw.

--syn.

bùkas

adv.

tomorrow.

bukas

v.

/-um-/ to be opened. Bumukas ang pinto sa lakas ng hangin. The door was opened because of the strong wind. /mag-:i-, -an/ to open something. Buksan mo ang bintana. Open the window.

bukàyo' bukbók bùkid

n. (Ch) n. n.

grated coconut cooked with

sugar.

bol weevil; wood borer; wood decay (teeth). field; farm; rice field.

tick;

54 buklat

/mag-:-in, i-/ to open a book or a magazine; to turn the pages of a reading material. Buklatin ninyo ang aklat. Open the book.

b6ko

bud; young

bukod

/-ui-/ to separate from; to segregate. Bumukod na siya sa amin. He separated himself from us.

coconut.

/mag-:i-/ to set apart; to exclude; to set aside. Ibuk6d Set mo ang para kay Dadong. aside what is for Dadong. bukod

conj

besides; in addition to. Bukod sa asawa (besides his wife...).

biikol

n.

tumor; swelling.

bukungbfikong n.

ankle.

budbod

v.

/mag-:i-/ to sprinkle; to scatter; to sow. Magbudbod ka ng palay sa manok. Scatter palay for the chickens.

budhl'

n.

cons cience.

buena n'ano (Sp) 11.

first customer of the day who is believed to bring good luck in business; (lit. : good hand, borrowed from Spanish).

bufeno (Sp)

part,

if that is so; in that case; well then.

bugii

v.

/-um-:-in/ to spit or blow some liquid from the mouth. Binuga niya ang mainit na kanin. He threw up the hot rice.

55 /mag-:i-/ to f o r c e o u t m o u t h by a s u d d e n b l o w . mo ang tubig. Spit out water.

of t h e Ibuga the

bugambilya

n.

bougainvilla.

bugb6g

adj.

bruised; squashed vegetables).

v.

/mang-:-in/ to c l u b o r p o u n d . B i n u g b o g siya ng k a n y a n g kaaway. He w a s b e a t e n up by his enemies.

bugh&w

adj.

blue.

bugn6t

n.

exasperation.

bugok

adj.

putrid;

bugt&ng

n.

riddle.

bugt&ng

adj.

one

buhagh&g

adj.

spongy;

buh&ngin

n.

sand.

bfihat

v.

/-um- ¡-in/

bfihay

n.

life.

adj.

(buh&y)

biihay-may&man n.

fruits,

rotten.

and only

rich

(of

(child).

loose

(not

adhesive).

to l i f t ;

to

carry.

alive.

life;

an e a s y - g o i n g ,

affluent

life. buh&wi1

n.

cyclone;

buh&k buhol

n. v.

hair. /mag-:i-/ to m a k e a k n o t ; to tie s e c u r e l y . Ibuhol mo ang lubid. M a k e a k n o t w i t h the rope.

tornado,

56 buhos

v.

/-um-/ to pour. malakas na ulan. rain poured.

Bumuhos ang The heavy

/mag-:i-/ to pour something. Ibuhos mo ang tubig sa ulo ni. Pour the water on his head. bul& 1

n.

foam; bubbles.

btilak

ii.

cotton.

bulakb61

adj .

truant; vagabond;

bulakl&k

n.

flower.

v.

/mang-/ to bloom. (mamulakl&k) Namulaklak ang mga halaman sa hardin. The plants bloomed in the garden.

bulal&kaw

n.

shooting star; meteor,

bul&g

adj.

blind.

b ulas t6g

adj.

(si) mean; rudeness; boastful; rash; bluffing.

bul&ti

n.

earthworm.

bulb&l

n.

pubic hair.

bulk&n

n.

volcano.

bulg&r

(Sp) adj .

vulgar;

jobless,

coarse.

biilik

adj.

white and black roosters).

(feather of

build

v.

/ma-/

bulig

n.

medium-sized

bulilit

adj .

dwarfish;

buli>k

adj .

decayed; spoiled;

to fall off or down, mudfish,

small, rotten.

57 /-um-/ to whisper; to mumble. Bumulong siya sa akin. He whispered to me.

bulóng

/mag-:i-/ to whisper something. Ibulong mo sa kanya ang sinabi ko. Whisper what I said to him. bulsà

n.

pocket.

bùlto

n.

volume.

buluntàryo

(Sp) n.

volunteer.

—var.

boluntàryo.

bulùtong

n.

smallpox.

bulyàw

n.

loud or shouted rebuke or reproach; angry and sudden shout to drive away fowls and animals. /-an/ to shout at; to rebuke or reproach. Bulyawan mo ang mga maingay na bata'. Shout at the noisy children.

bumbùnan

crown or top of head, specially of babies when still soft.

bundàt

adj

glutted; full (so well-fed that the abdomen is distended).

bundók

n.

mountain.

bùni

n.

ringworm.

bunè'

v.

/mag-/ to wrestle with each other. Nagbuno sila. They wrestled with each other. /mang-:-in/ to wrestle. (bunuin) Bunuln mo nga siya. Wrestle with him.

bun61

coconut husk.

58 bunot

/-um-:-in/ to p u l l o u t ; to u p r o o t ; to e x t r a c t . (buntitin) Buntitin m o a n g d a m o . Pull out the grass. /mag:-in/ (a g u n ) . He p u l l e d

to p u l l o u t s o m e t h i n g N a g b u n o t s i y a ng b a r l l . out a gun.

bunsó '

y o u n g e s t in the reference).

buntàl

/mang-:-in/ to g i v e a b l o w ; to k n o c k w i t h f i s t s . Binuntal ng b u t a n g e r o ang m a t a n d a . The g a n g s t e r g a v e the o l d (man) a blow.

family

(term

of

buntls

adj

pregnant.

buntót

n.

tail.

b untóri

n.

heap;

v.

/-ui-/ to p i l e u p ; to c r o w d i n . B u m u n t o n ang b a s u r a sa b a n g k e t a . T h e g a r b a g e p i l e d u p o n the s i d e walk . /mag-:i-/ to p u t i n t o a p i l e ; to p u t i n a h e a p o r m o u n d . I b u n t o n mo ang m a r u m i n g damit sa b a t y a ' . Pile the dirty c l o t h e s o n the w a s h b a s i n .

bùnga

n.

fruit; betel

bùngad

n.

front.

—syn.

b u n g a n g - à r a w 11.

prickly

heat.

bunginga'

n.

ng bulkan

pile.

(volcano)

nut

palm. harapan,

bukana.

crater.

bungk&l

v.

/mag-:-in/ to t i l l to d i g o u t .

bungkos

n.

bundle;

package.

the

soil;

59 buo'1

adj.

entire;

bunggo''

n.

impact.

v.

/-urn-/ to hit; to bump with something. Bumunggo ang ulo niya sa pader. His head hit the wall.

complete.

/ma-/ to hit or bump against accidentally; to make an impact. Nabunggo ang kotse sa pader. The car hit the wall. /mag-:i-/ to ram an object against something; to bump against something. Xbunggo mo ang ulo niya sa pader. Ram his head against the wall. /mang-:-in/ to hit or bump against. (bunggufn) Bunggufn mo ang pader. (You) ram against the wall. bungi'

n.

jag; dent; notch; nick.

adj.

(bungi')

v.

/ma-/ Nabdngi siya. his tooth.

bungisngis

adj.

giggling.

bung(5'

n.

skull.

burl

v.

/mag-:-in/ to erase; to remove traces of. (burahin) Burahin mo ang maling sagot. Erase the wrong answers.

burdd

n.

embroidery.

v.

/™ag-:-an/ to embroider. (burdahin) Burdahdn mo ang punda ng unan. Embroider the pillowcase .

toothless, missing

tooth.

He lost

60 burdado

adj.

embroidered.

buri

n.

a kind of palm

biiro

n.

pickles (usually green mangoes), e.g. bifrung mangga.

adj .

preserved in salt; pickled or salted.

v.

/mag-:-in, i-/ to pickle; to salt. Binvfro niya ang manggang hi1aw. He pickled the green/ unripe mangoes.

burrfl

n.

hill.

biis

n.

bus .

busibos

n.

lowly

biisal

n.

corncob.

busil

n.

muz zle.

busld'

n.

a kind of basket.

busdg

v.

/ma-/ to be full; satisfied; satiated (from eating).

tree.

slave,

butangdro/a n.

gangster;

ruffian.

bdtas

n.

hole.

but^te

n.

tadpole.

bdti

n.

goodness.

adj .

/ma-/

butiki'

n.

lizard.

bdtil

n.

grain; cereal; kernel.

butlig

n.

little cyst-like growth on the skin.

fine; good,

61 buto

n.

seed;

bone.

butones

n.

buttons.

butse

n.

crop

buwal

v.

/-urn-/ to f a l l d o w n ; to d r o p down. B u m u w a l s i y a sa g l t n a ng mga tao. He fell at the m i d s t of t h e p e o p l e .

of

a

chicken.

/ma-/ to f a l l f l a t o n t h e g r o u n d ; to p a s s o u t . Nabuwal ang p u n o ' . The tree fell. /mag-:i-/ to c u t d o w n ; to p u s h down. Iblnuwal n l y a ang puno. He f e l l e d the tree. buw^n

n.

buwaya

n.

buwelta

v.

month;

moon.

crocodile. /-um-/ to t u r n a r o u n d ; to go b a c k ; to r e t u r n . Bumuelta siya p a g d a t i n g sa k a n t o . He turned b a c k w h e n he r e a c h e d the corner. /±—/ to t u r n a v e h i c l e a r o u n d ; to go b a c k . I b u w e l t a mo n a ang kotse. T u r n the car a r o u n d .

buwig

n.

bunch

or

cluster

of

bananas

(fruits). buwis buwisit buy6

n. (Ch)

adj. v.

tax,

as o n

land.

ja in nn xo ;y i ni gl ;l - ovmeexniendg..

--syn.

milas

/mang-, mag-:i-/ to i n c i t e ; to i n d u c e ; to s t i m u l a t e . H u a g mo s i y a n g ibuyo sa away. Don't i n c i t e h i m to q u a r r e l .

K

ka

you

(sing).

ka-

af.

(+ r e d u p l i c a t i o n of the first consonant and v o w e l of the verb r o o t ) m e a n s a recently completed action.

Ka

adj.

a p p e l l a t i o n for elders and distant u n c l e s or a u n t s , as Ka P e d r o , Ka Juana.

ka^nib

n.

(rw. a n i b )

partner,

kiarawan

n.

(rw. a r a w )

birthday,

kaitway

n.

(rw. away )

enemy;

kabab^an

n.

(rw. b a b a ' )

lowland,

kababiyan

n.

(rw. b â y a n )

townmate.

kcfb ag

n.

gas

kab in

n.

m e a s u r e of p a l a y ; a s a c k ; a cavan.

kab dong

n.

coffin.

kibaret kab âyo

(Eng) n. n.

opponent,

pain.

c a b a r e t ; dance

hall.

horse.

kab es éra (Sp) n.

the head of a table — v a r . kabisera.

kabibi

n.

empty clam

kib ig

v.

/-um-:-in/ to draw or pull towards one's self; to collect the w i n n i n g s in g a m b l i n g . Kumabig siya ng m a l a k i . He gathered in a big share.

62

(at m e a l ) .

shell.

63 /mang-:-in/ (kabigin) mo ang p i n a n a l u n a n mo. winnings. kabihasnan

n.

(rw. b i h a s a )

kabila'

adv.

otherside.

kabinet

n.

cabinet;

kabisa

v.

/mang-:-in/ K a b i s i h i n mo the p o e m .

Kabxgln Get your

culture.

dresser.

kabisado

(Sp)

adj,

memorized;

kabisote

(Sp)

adj,

dull-headed.

to m e m o r i z e . ang tula. Memorize

learned

by

rote.

kabutihan

n.

(rw. b u t i )

kabit

v.

/-um-/ to f a s t e n , a t t a c h , c o n n e c t ; to c l i n g t o . Kumabit sa k a n i y a ang linta'. The leech clung onto him.

goodness.

/mag-:i-/ to f a s t e n , l i n k , j o i n ; c o n n e c t s o m e t h i n g to s o m e t h i n g . I k a b i t mo ang k a n d a d o sa p i n t o ' . P u t the p a d l o c k o n t h e d o o r . kabulastugan

n.

(rw. b u l a s t o g ) boastfulness.

kabuti

n.

mushroom.

kakanin

n.

(rw. k a i n ) sweetmeats.

kakiw

n.

kiki

(Sp)

kakilila'

n./adj

(si)

tidbits,

bluff,

dainties,

k h a k i (a k i n d of b r o w n c l o t h s p e c i a l l y u s e d for m i l i t a r y uniforms). (rw. k i l ^ l a )

acquaintance.

64 kaeskuwela

n.

(rw. eskuw^la)

kadalasan

adv.

(rw. dalas) /ka:-an/ often, usually. ...kadalasay nagaanyong parang ulol. ...usually acts as if crazy . . .

kad^na

(Sp)

chain.

--syn.

classmate.

tanikal^'.

kad^na de amor n.

chain of love; Mexican

kad^te

cadet.

(Sp) n.

creeper,

kagabi

adv.

(rw. gabi)

kagalit

n.

(rw. galit) one with whom a person has quarreled; an enemy.

kagampin

adj.

(rw. ganjp) in the last month of pregnancy; maturity of pregnancy .

kagit

(Mai) n.

last night.

bite. /-um-:-in/ to bite. Kumagat siya sa aking bayabas. She took a bite off my guava. /mang-:-in/ to bite. Nangangagat ang aso nila. Their dog bites.

k^gaw

n.

germs, bacteria.

kagitni'

n.

(rw. gitni')

kiha

n./qnt. a pack, usually of cigarettes; a case.

kahalili

n.

(rw. halili) stitute .

kah^pon

adv.

(rw. hjpon)

yesterday.

kahiti 1

n.

(rw. hiti')

shareholder;

kahawig

adj.

(rw. hawig)

similar,

half-pint.

successor, sub-

share,

resemble

65 kahel

n.

a c i t r u s t r e e of the s w e e t orange variety, producing fruit t h a t is u s u a l l y s w e e t b u t o c c a sionally sour. — s y n . dalandAn.

kahera/o

n.

cashier.

kifhig

n.

s c r a t c h i n g off a loose s u r f a c e , as soil s c r a t c h e d off by c h i c k e n s ,

v.

/-urn-/ K u m a h i g ng l u p a ang manok. The chicken scratched the g r o u n d . /-in/ K a h i g i n mo ang m g a dahong nahulog sa lupa. R a k e the l e a v e s o f f the g r o u n d .

kihit

conj.

( + na) although; spite of.

kah(5l

n.

bark

kah^n

n./qnt.

box, crate; table.

kihoy

n.

wood;

kahulugcin

n.

meaning,

kaibigan

n.

(rw.

kaili'

v.

/mag-:i-/ to d e n y , to p r o f e s s i g n o r a n c e of. Ikinaila niya ang nangyari. He p r o f e s s e d i g n o r a n c e of w h a t h a p p e n e d .

kailan

int.

when. — v a r , kiylan, k^lan. K a y l a n pa kaya... (when w i l l ) K a y l a n m a n . . . (at a n y t i m e )

kail£ngan

p.v.

need; ought; must; indispensable.

klin

n.

/pag-/

of a

even

if;

in

dog. drawer

lumber;

of

a

tree.

significance.

ibig)

friend.

food,

act

necessary;

of

eating.

66 /-um-:-in/ to eat. Eumain slya nang marami. She ate a lot. /mang-:-in/ to eat. ng tao ang leon. The ate the people.

Nangâin lion

kaingfn

n.

slash and burn

kalab^sa

n.

pumpkin;

kalab^w

n.

carabao.

kalabft

n.

touching with the tip of the finger.

agriculture.

squash.

/mang-:-in/ (mangalabit) Huwag kang mangalabit ng tao. Don't touch the person. kalabjg

n.

kalabrfs (Sp) n.

crashing

sound of a fallen body.

prisoner.

v.

/i-/ Ikinalabos siya ng pulis. The police imprisoned him.

kalâkal

n.

merchandise;

kalig

adj.

untied,

kalagdyo'

n.

(rw. lagriyo') intimate paramour, concubine.

kalahiti 1

adj.

(rw. h&ti')

half.

kalihi'

adj.

(rw. lâhi')

of the same race.

kalamansi'

n.

small citrus

fruit.

kalâmbre

(Sp) n.

goods.

loosened.

cramp.

kalâii

n.

stove.

kalansây

n.

skele ton.

friend,

67 kalang

(Sp)

n.

wedge.

kalapati

n.

dove;

kalas

v.

/-um-/ to b r e a k a w a y f r o m ; to u n t i e ; to u n s t i t c h . Kumalas siya sa k a n i y a n g b a r k a d a . He broke away from his clique.

pigeon.

/mag-:-in/ to r i p a p a r t . K a l a s i n mo ana tinahi. Rip a p a r t w h a t I s e w e d . (Rip a p a r t what has been sewed.) kalat

adj-

/mag-/

kalatsutsi

n.

plumeria

(frangipani).

kilaw

n.

hornbill

(bird).

kalawang

n.

r u s t.

kalàwit

n.

hook.

kalaykay

n.

rake.

kalbó

n.

bald,

kaldéro

n.

kettle.

kalésa

n.

horse-drawn two-wheeled horse.

kalikot

n.

a slender tube w i t h a poking r o d w i t h w h i c h to c r u s h a n d m i x buyo'.

widespread.

hairless,

r i g or c h a i s e ; a vehicle drawn by a

/-in/ to p o k e a n d s t i r , o r poke and scrape into a hole. Huag l o n g k a l i k u t i n ang ilong mo. Don't poke your finger in your nose. kaligiran

n.

(rw.

ligid)

environment.

68

kalihim

n.

(rw. 1fhim) sekretarya.

kalindaryo

n.

calendar.

secretary.

—syn.

kalingkingan n.

little finger.

kaliskis

n.

scales

kaliw^'

adj.

left hand; left; left side.

(fish).

kaliw^te (Sp) adj

left-handed.

kilma

adj .

calm, quiet.

kalcig

v.

/-um-/ to rattle, to shake. Kumalog ang bola sa kahon. The ball rattled around in the box. (The ball rattled freely in the box.) /mag-:-in, i-/ to shake or rattle the contents of a box or bottle. Huwag mong kalugin ang itlog sa kahon. Don't shake the eggs around in the box.

k^long

/-um-/ to sit on one's lap. Kumalong ang bata sa kandungan ng nanay niya. The child sat on his mother's lap. /mag-:-in, i-/ to hold on one's lap; to take someone, something on your lap. Kalungin mo ang bata. Take the child in your lap.

kalsonsilyo n.

briefs; undershorts. karsonsilyo.

kiluluwa

n.

spirit, soul.

kilye

n.

road; street.

kllyo

n.

corn (feet).

—var.

--syn. dakn.

69 k^ma

n.

bed.

kamakalawa

adv.

(rw. dalawi)

kamag-anak

n.

relative

kamagting

n.

mahogany.

kamilig

n.

warehouse;

kamandig

n.

poison.

kamat^yan

n.

(rw. patay)

kamitis

n.

tomatoes.

kamatsile

n.

guamachile.

kamiy

n.

hand.

kambil

n.

twin (term of

kambing

n.

goat.

kami

pron.

we (exclusive, I and

kamin^ro

n.

street

kamisadlntro n.

day before yesterday,

(term of reference),

granary,

death,

reference).

others).

cleaner.

long-sleeved

shirt.

kamisatsina

(Sp) n. outside shirt that is closednecked, and without collar and lapel.

kamiseta

n.

kamisdla

(Bp) n.

kamis