Sumerian Business and Administrative Documents from the Earliest Times to the Dynasty of Agade 9781512814224

Table of contents :
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
TRANSLATIONS OF SELECTED TEXTS
PROPER NAMES
LIST OF TABLETS
AUTOGRAPH PLATES
PHOTOGRAPHIC PLATES

Citation preview

UNIVERSITY

OF

PENNSYLVANIA

THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM P U B L I C A T I O N S OF T H E B A B Y L O N I A N

SECTION No. 1

VOL. I X

SUMERIAN BUSINESS AND ADMINISTRATIVE DOCUMENTS FROM T H E EARLIEST TIMES TO THE DYNASTY OF AGADE BY G E O R G E A.

BARTON

PHILADELPHIA PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY MUSEUM

1915

TO M.

FRANCOIS

THUREAU-DANGIN

B R I L L I A N T P I O N E E R IN S U M E R I A N

RESEARCH

CONTENTS PAGE

INTRODUCTION TRANSLATION PROPER

LIST

7 OF

NAMES

SELECTED

TEXTS

9 22

PERSONS

22

GODS

28

PLACES

29

MONTHS

29

OF

30

PLATES

TABLETS

35

INTRODUCTION The tablets in this volume are from the time of the dynasty of Agade and earlier periods. Numbers i and 2 are stone tablets and were purchased. The others were taken from boxes of tablets excavated at Nuffar. A few of these are from the excavation of the second expedition, but more are from boxes of the fourth expedition. Number 3 resembles tablets from Telloh of the time of Ur-Nina, and as the only place mentioned in it is Erim, it, too, may have been purchased. All the others were apparently dug up at Nuffar. No. 1 is one of the four oldest tablets from Babylonia known. It is inscribed with pure pictographs. It has been previously published in the Museum Journal, Vol. I l l , No. 1, in the Orientalische Literatur^eitung, Vol. X V I , 6 - 1 2 , and in the writer's Origin and Development of Babylonian fVriting, Leipzig, 1913, Part I, p. viii, but it is fitting that so rare a tablet should be included in a volume published by the Museum which is its fortunate possessor. This tablet was probably written about 4000 B. C. No. 2 is the one known inscription of the time of Enkhegal, king of Lagash about 3200 B. C. or before. This tablet was published in part in the Museum Journal, Vol. IV, No. 2. A brief description of it had previously been published by Hilprecht in the Zeitschrift fur Assyriologie, XI, 330, a description which Thureau-Dangin confirmed in the same journal, Vol. X V , 403. L. W. King alludes to these in his History of Sumer and Akkad, (7)

8

UNIVERSITY

London, 1910, p. 106.

MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN

SECTION

It is right that this tablet should also

find a place in one of the permanent volumes of the Museum. The other texts contained in this book are here published for the first time.

They consist of the pay-rolls, contracts,

receipts, etc., which reflect so faithfully the economic life of ancient Babylonia.

One group contains a series of transactions

of Nippur merchants. and 76.

Of this class are Nos. 4, 5, 6, 7, 29, 33,

Nos. 54, 55, 106, 128, and 129 are perforated labels.

A number of fragments too small for connected translation have been included in the volume because of their palaeographic interest.

The palaeographic material of this collection is not

given separate treatment here.

The writer expects to present

it in another and more appropriate connection. Three only of the tablets here published are dated: No. 2, as already noted, belongs in the reign of Enkhegal; No. 10 alludes to a new Patesi of Nippur, Ur- d En-nu-uru(?), of whom nothing else is known ; No. 25 comes from the reign of NaramSin and contains a new date-formula for one of the years of his reign. ID-E

This formula runs M U ERIN

NA-GU

d

NA-RA-AM-dEN-ZU-E

KA

E N - L I L ^ - S U : " T h e year the divine

Naram-Sin opened the mouth of the canal Erin at Nippur." The palaeographic features of the other texts leave no room for doubt that they come from the time of the dynasty of Agade or from earlier periods.

TRANSLATIONS OF SELECTED TEXTS No. l RIDDING

LAND

OF

A

PLAGUE

OF

LOCUSTS,

CIR.

4000

B.

C.

(Cf. for text No. 1, PI. 1) The translation of this pictographic tablet is difficult, and the rendering here given is but tentative.

The text is, however,

one of the oldest specimens of Babylonian writing, and is of such interest that it seems worth while to present such an interpretation of it as is now possible. interpretation

The reasons for this

were presented in the Orientalische

Literatur-

Leitung, Vol. X V I , 1913, col. 6 f. The following is a tentative transliteration and translation: TRANSLATION

TRANSLITERATION I.

I.

I BUR D

GAN

1. 1 . 1 Bur of land (belonging to) Khiginmi-Sal. 2. At sunset the locusts he drove out, 3. their curse he established, 4. he removed (??) 5. the terror. II. 1 . 3 Bur (belonging to) Saladu; 2. 2 Bur of fruit-land (belonging to) Nunsabar; 3. 5 Bur 4. of land (belonging to) Udusag: the man broke a jar, 5. he stood, he cut open a sacrifice, a word 6. of cursing he repeated;

HI-GIN-MI-

SAL

2. U S U M U L 3. S A - N E

Ê

GIN

4. K I N ( ? ? ) 5. M U D II.

1.

ILL B U R

SAL-A-DU

2. II B U R G U R I N

KI

NUN-

4. G A N U D U - S A G U S

DUQ-

SA-BAR

3. V B U R QA

TAR

5. G U B T A R 6. A S

NISAG

DUG

TAB (9)

UNIVERSITY

IO

in.

l. 2.

MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN

E...yi A-uyu-A

III.

3. II B U R G A N A Z A G 4. E N - N E (??) 5. S A M A Z A G S A G G I D

(?)

6. I l l B U R SAG...DUMU NUN-DU-DU NISAG

1. 2. 3. 4.

SECTION

it went out verily against the caterpillars. 2 Bur of land were purified (belonging to) Enne (??);

5. the price tall (?) 6. 3 Bur of to) dudu;

of purification is a palm-tree. a field (belonging son of N u n he offered a sacri-

fice, 7. he made (it) bright (?).

7. S E R (?)

T h e tablet records the means taken to rid various tracts of land of a plague of locusts and caterpillars.

The last line, " h e

made it bright," refers to the ceremonial purification of the field. In the first column, case 1, the figure of a jug resting on supports is a different picture from any previously known of a well known symbol of a jug resting on a stand.

Col. I l l , case 1,

presents still a different picture of it. Col. I, case 2, contains two new pictographs: entering its subterranean passage, and a locust. edge, presents a new and difficult sign.

the sun

Col. I, the

It is a kind of helmet

with a cape at the back, in the manner of a modern Arab kafiyeh. T w o signs were previously known which had descended from a somewhat similar head-dress, though neither of them indicated so complex a picture.

I have interpreted this new picture by

one of these. Col. I, 5, contains the most complete picture of a bird and egg yet found.

T h e oldest form previously known, lacked the

bill of the bird, so graphically pictured here. Col. II, 5, and I I I , 6, contain the only pictures of hourglass-shaped altars with a fire burning on the top that have yet been found in Babylonian writing. pictured on the seals.

Such altars are frequently

G. A. B A R T O N — B U S I N E S S AND A D M I N I S T R A T I V E DOCUMENTS

II

Col. I l l , case 2, contains a rude picture of a caterpillar. It affords the explanation of a sign, the origin of which had long puzzled scholars. The sign means, "worm," "vermin," "flea," etc., and the early forms are clearly derivable from this picture. Col. I l l , case 5, contains an older picture of a palm-tree growing out of irrigated land and blowing in the wind than any previously known. Through the courtesy of the University Museum the writer was permitted to incorporate these pictographs in his work on the Origin and Development of Babylonian fVriting, Leipzig, 1913, where they contributed to the solution of a number of hitherto unsolved problems; cf. Nos. 160, 88, 355, and 313 of that work. No. 2 T H E INSCRIPTION OF E N K H E G A L ,

K I N G OF LAGASH,

C i r . 3200 B. C. (Cf. for text No. 2, Pis. 2 and 3) TRANSLITERATION

1. 1. X[XX]HI B U R G A N 2. [X]X1I URUDU MANA 3. X X S E SIG 4. X ZIZ SIG 5. G A N [ E N - Ü E - G A L ] SU L U G A L PURSLR-LA 6. VII BUR G A N 7. XII URUDU MA-NA

TRANSLATION I.

I . 33 (?) Burs of land; 2. 22 (?) manas of bronze;

(gurs) of winnowed grain; 4. 1 o (gurs) of cleansed {i1plant; 5. a field for Enkhegal, king of Lagash. 3. 20

6. 7 Burs of land; 7. 12 manas of bronze;

UNIVERSITY

12

11.

I.

M U S E U MI — B A B Y L O N I A N

X X . UR-SAM

II.

2. 11 $ E SIG

3- DU-SIG-LUGAL 4- G A N - X ' - R U 5- XI BUR G A N - K l 6. V U R U D U MA-NA 7- XI MAS SE SIG 8. G A N S A M - S U K U M ME LU9- E N - t J E - G A L - S U G A L PUR-SIR-LA 10. DU-SIG-LUGAL III.

I.

VIII B U R GAN

2. 11 BAL

3 XI GAB-SE SIG 4- X MAS SE SIG 5- E N - H E - G A L LUGAL 6. KAS E-KI 7- LAL-KI 8. LUGAL N I M G I N SAG LAL 9. MAS N U N BAR N I G -

GU 10. X X X LAL II B U R GAN 11. XII U R U D U MA-NA IV. I . XL SE SIG

T h e correct transliteration of this sign is unknown.

gramme,

No. 3 7 8 1 - 2 .

I . 20 (gurs) of Mr-plant; 2. 2 (gurs) of winnowed

grain of the royal standard of 3purity— 4- a rain-prepared field; 5- 11 burs of unimproved land, 5 manas of bronze; 6. 7- 1 1 5 gurs of winnowed grain— 8. a field of sbukum-miplants 9- for Enkhegal, king of Lagash— 10. of the royal standard of purity. III. I . 8 Burs of land; 2. 2 burs of ploughed land; 3- 11 (gurs) of winnowed gab-grain; 4- 10J (gurs) of winnowed grain; 5- (for) Enkhegal, the king, 6. improver (?) of the land's irrigation, 7- uniter (?) of the land. 8. the exalted king, chief counsellor, t h e subduer, 9. princely leader, great lord. 10. 28 Burs of land;

2. X X LAL 1 BUR GAN 1

SECTION

11. 12 manas of bronze; IV. 1. 40 (gurs) of winnowed grain; 2. 19 burs of land; See Meissner's Seltene

assyrische

Ideo-

G. A.

BARTON—BUSINESS

3. 1 V C X X U R U D U MA 4. X M A S SE SIG

AND

NA-

5. IV B U R L U G A L - K I BUR LUGAL-KI 6. I l l K U R G1S-RU 7. B A R S1L G I S - G I S I M MAR 8. G U - G A N Z U R - K I 9. E N - H E - G A L 10. L U G A L B U R - S I R - L A 11. X I V B U R G A N 12. V I C I 1 U R U D U M A - N A V. 1. II SE SIG 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

BAD-GIS-GI IB-KURUN GIRIN GAL X BUR GAN IIC URUDU MA-NA II SE SIG

8. G A N - A - U S 9. M A S N U N B A R N I G GU 10. S l S SI D - M A L ( ? ) - R U APIN 11. L U G A L N I M G I N SAG LAL

VI.

12. K A T [LU]GAL 1. V I I I B U R G A N 2. C L X X X SE SIG 3. G A N

ADMINISTRATIVE

PAR-A-GAB-ES

DOCUMENTS

"3

3- 420 manas of bronze; 4- i o | {gurs) of winnowed grain; 5- 4 burs of royal land; 6. 3 burs of royal land, captured from Umma (?), 7- bordering on the old palm trees 8. of Gu-edin, the cherished land 9- of Enkhegal, 10. king of Lagash. 11. 14 Burs of land; 12. 602 manas of bronze; V. i. 2 (gurs) of winnowed grain; 2. of Badgishgi, 3- brother of lbkurun. 4- A large enclosure: 5- 10 burs of land; 6. 200 manas of bronze; 7- 2 (gurs) of winnowed grain; 8. (for) Ganaush, 9- princely leader, great lord, 10. brother of Shidmal^?)™, the shepherd, 11. the exalted king, chief counsellor, the subduer, 12. V I . 1 . 8 Burs of land; 2. 180 (gurs) of winnowed grain— 3. a field of ParagabeS (?),

(?) 4. C L X SIG SE A P I N

' T h e sign is apparently mal or kal standing on end.

4. (160 [gurs] of winnowed grain), the shepherd,

14

UNIVERSITY

MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN

5- MAS N U N BAR N1GGU 6. D U - S I G - L U G A L 7- X X I B U R GAN N I G UD-DU 8. G U D GAN 9- [C]XL U R U D U [MANA] 10. i. X BUR GAN 2. A-S[A] 3- V I C X X X V I U R U D U NA-MA 4- MAS-API N 5- III BUR U R U - M U S 6. I C X X U R U D U MANA 7- M A § AP1N 8. GAN BUR-IS1R-LA] 1. AN-GU-ZI 2. V1CXC 1 BUR GAN 3- X X X V I I I C X U R U D U MA-NA 4- X X I MAS SE SIG II B U R BAL GAN-SAM LUGAL-KI-GAL-LA I$IBdNlN-GIR-SU 3- GAN-N1G

56. 1. 2.

SECTION

5- princely leader, great lord— 6. of t h e royal s t a n d a r d of purity. 7- 21 Burs of land, belonging to Uddu, 8. an ox-irrigated field. 9- 140 manas of bronze. 10 V i l . 1. 10 Burs of land, 2. a field. 3- 636 m a n a s of bronze, 4- (for) the leader, the shepherd, 5- (3 Burs) Urumush. 6. 120 manas of bronze 7- (for) the leader, the shepherd 8. of the field of Lagash (?), Rev. 1. 1. Anguzi. 2. 690 Burs of land; 3- 3810 manas of bronze; 4- 215 (gurs) of winnowed grain, 5- 2 burs of ploughed land; 6. land purchased 11. i. (for) Lugalkigalla, 2. priest of Ningirsu. 3- Real estate holdings.

The last line is the name of the account. kind of account to which the tablet belongs.

It designates the Similar names

are found in the accounts of later time. 1

T h e inner circle of the first sign may be due to the natural shading of the stone; in this

case the number would be i 50.

G. A.

BARTON — B U S I N E S S

AND A D M I N I S T R A T I V E DOCUMENTS

I5

On the edge is scratched L U G A L - S A G - N E B A - N U or, " L u g a l s a g n e made it ( ? ) . "

,

As a part of the verb may be

broken a w a y , we are not able to complete the statement with certainty. Some of the lines might be translated in more than one w a y , but a discussion of the technical reasons for the renderings adopted is hardly necessary. interest can be noted.

A few points of general

T h e reader will observe that at this

early time it made no difference in what order the syllables of a word were written, provided they were all put down. for example,

is sometimes

spelled

MA-NA,

and

Mana,

sometimes

NA-MA.

A similar freedom was exercised in the order of the

sentences.

T h e phrase " o f the royal standard of p u r i t y " is

sometimes f a r removed from the grain to which it applies. T w o or three points of historical interest may be noted. Shidmal(?)ru, who is described in col. V, 10 as " t h e shepherd, the exalted king," was apparently a predecessor of Enkhegal. It is his brother whose purchase of land is recorded in this tablet.

I have tentatively read in col. IV, 6 the name of the

city U m m a , which was a near neighbor of Lagash, with which she was often at war. 1

U m m a in later texts is spelled by the

picture of a bow and arrow held in the hand, and this name by the picture of a bow alone, but the reference is probably to the same city in each case. Again in col. IV, 8 a field is described as G U - G A N , " b a n k of the field."

I take this to be a variant description of the field

called in later texts G U - E D I N , " b a n k of the p l a i n . "

It was a

field which lay between U m m a and Lagash, over which the two cities frequently fought. 1 1

It was because the men of

See L. W. King. History of Sumer and Akkad, p. 121 ff.

Umma

i6

UNIVERSITY

MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN

SECTION

invaded this plain that Ennatum, a later king of Lagash, undertook the war which is celebrated in the famous Stele of Vultures, most of which is preserved in the Louvre, though one fragment of it is in the British Museum. The reader will notice that along with grain, bronze was used as a medium of exchange. Apparently at this early time the use of silver or gold for this purpose had not begun. We begin to trace their use in the reign of Ur-Nina and his successors, though bronze was sometimes employed for a long time afterward. In Egypt bronze was used as a medium of exchange much longer than it was in Babylonia. In this tablet both the circular and the cuneiform numerals were employed. For their relationship see M. I. Hussey, Sumerian Tablets, I. 2 ff. No. 3 A

PURCHASE

OF

HUMAN

LABOR

(Cf. for the text No. 4, pi. 5) I. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 1

1 NIN-MU-GIM 1 N1N-N1G-TIL-G1 KA- d UTU-ZI DUMU ED1N-TUS 1 SES-KU-LI N U - B A N D A AZAG-KIMNE LO-MUN-NIR-NI-AZAG NI-SAR-RA-A NI-Sl-èAM KA-GE'P-NA-KA GlS-A-AB-TA BAL-RA-SU MU LUGAL

The sign is O B W , 612.

I. i. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

One, Ninmugim; one, Ninnigtilgi; Ka- d Utuzi son of Edintush ; one, Sheskuli: Nu-banda, Azagkimne,— Lilmunnirniazag wrote a contract, he bought (them) Kagenaka from word to word in the name of the king

G. A. BARTON—BUSINESS AND ADMINISTRATIVE DOCUMENTS

II. I. L Ü - L Ü - N U - B A 2. GA-GA-DA-A 3. GU-BI A L - K U L 4. II k a m SAG-SA 5. KA- d UTU-ZI 6. D U M U E D 1 N - T U S 7. d E N - L I L - L I - M A - B A 8. D U M U A - B A - d E N - L I L-GE 9. NI-SI-SAM 10. GlS-A-AB-TA BAL-RA-SU 11. M U L U G A L 12. L Ü - L 0 - N U - [ B A ] 13. GA-GA-(DA-A] 14. GU-BI [AL-KUL] III. 1. I L U G A L 2. D U M U E-DA 3. I E N - E D I N - N I 4. DUP-SAR 5. I LUGAL-GIS 6. D U M U Á-KAL-L1 7. L Ü - K I - K A - M A - B I - M E 8. I SES-KU-LI 9. N U - B A N D A A Z A G - K I M NE 10. L Ü - M U N - N I R - N I-AZAG 11. NI-SAR-RA-A 12. P A - R I M - B I 13. I l l AZAG G I N IV. 1. N I G - G I R - N A - S U 2. SU-BA-TI 3. I E-TA-MU-ZU 4. SU-BI DUB 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 1

PA-RIM-BI I MAS AZAG G I N NIG-GIR-NA-$U SU-BA-TI KUR

For this meaning cf. B. 11435 and B. 549.

17

II. 1. as lillimuba-officer 2. filled it o u t ; 3. its words he transcribed 4. for a second copy(P). 5. Ka- d Utuzi 6. son of Edintush 7. d Enlilmaba 8. son of Aba- d Enlil 9. purchased; 10. from word t o word 1 11. in the n a m e of the king 12. as lulunuba-officer 13. he filled it out, 14. its words he transcribed. III. 1. One, Lugal 2. son of Eda, 3. one, Enedinni, 4. a scribe; 5. one, Lugalgish 6. son of Akalli, 7. villeins(P); 8. one, Sheskuli, 9. nu-banda, Azagkimne, 10. 11. 12. 13. IV. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Liimunnirniazag bound out. His hire, 3 shekels of silver, cash in hand, he has received. One, E t a m u z u , — his person was let by contract; his hire 13 shekels of silver, cash in hand, he has received. second (copy).

l8

UNIVERSITY

MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN

SECTION

T h i s is the second copy of a transaction in which a certain Lumunnirniazag

purchases the right to the labor

men, w h o are either serfs or villeins.

of

certain

T h e document of purchase

was filled out in proper order by an officer authorized by the king.

Lumunnirniazag then sells the labor of one of these to

a certain Enlilmaba.

H e also hires out two others whose wages

are paid him in cash. No. 4 A

TRANSACTION

IN

GENERAL

MERCHANDISE

(Cf. for the text N o . 5, pi. 6) I. 1. 1 SAG-ALP-A 2. I N I N - S U B - N E 3- I N 1 N - B A R A - G 1 4- SUSANNA AZAG(SA-NA) IV G I N VI MA? U D - K A - B A R 5URUDU 6. ? U D - K A - B A R - U R U D U 7- KI-LAL-B1 II MA-NA 8. I M A - T A G - G I $ 9- KI-LAL-BI VII MA-NA 10. I G U B A - L A L U R U D U 11. KI-LAL-BI-VII1 MA-NA 12. II D Ê L - G l S - E R I M 3 - $ A G GA-URUDU K I - L A L - B I MAS MA-NA •3II. 1. III G I N AZAG 2. G A R - S A U R I - U R U D U KAM N A M-TAR-URU-NE 3U R - d E N G U R-TIL-LA 41

Perhaps a long wooden spear.

1

Perhaps a hand-balance.

3

C f . Briinnow, 8 1 4 } and Muss-Arnolt, 243b.

1. 1. One, Sagala 2. One, Ninsubne, 3- One, Ninbaragi, 4- § manas, 4 shekels of silver. 5- 6 6 78. 910. 11. 12. '311. 1. 2. 34-

manas(?) of copper bronze, copper bronze; their price is 2 manas; 1 wooden MA-TAG, 1 its price is 7 manas; 1 bronze guba-lal,2 its price is 8 manas. 2 bronze cutters for the centers of seed-palm trees, their price is § mana; 3 shekels of silver, the balance of the price in bronze of Akkad to Namtaruru Ur-Engurtilla

G. A. B A R T O N — B U S I N E S S

5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. m. 12 13. 14. 15. 111. i. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

AND ADMINISTRATIVE

1N-NA-LAL 1 B * G I N A R DUN-E-BA I ^ G I N A R RU-QA-E-BA X G U R Gl C X X X GUR Gl LX XV SE-NI-GA [XI] G I G - N I - G A V ZI D GAD HUL-LUGAL-KA-E-GlSUR-KAM UR-dENGAR-[TIL-LA] NI-BA I dEN-LI-LI AZAG-GIM I NAM-TAR-URU LUGAL-NIG-DÊL-TA DAM-KAR-MÊ I SAG-Ê LÜ- g U S GlNAR, I LUGAL-KALAM-MA I KA- d UTU-ZI DUMU EDIN LO-KI-KA-MA-BI-MÊ MU-LUGAL-SU KA-BI AL-NA

The

above

is an

5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12 13. 14. 15. III. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

interesting

19

DOCUMENTS

paid. 1 D U N - E - B A chariot, 1 RU-QA-E-BA chariot, 10 gur of reeds at 120, 1 10 gur of reeds at 60,2 15 (gur) sesame(?) 11 (gur) oily GIG-plant 5 (gur) flour a garment, to Hullugalkaegishur Ur-Engartilla delivered. one, Enlili, a silversmith, one, Namtaruru, from Lugalnigd£l, merchants; one, Sag-e, charioteer, one, Lugalkalamma, one, Ka-Utuzi, son of Edin; villeins(P): by the name of the king their word 3 they fortified.

transaction

between

two

merchants, who dealt in slaves, metal implements of various kinds, and the services of villeins.

It is one of a series of

similar tablets which give a vivid idea of the commodities which passed from hand to hand in Nippur four thousand eight hundred years ago. 1 It is uncertain whether the notation is of the weight S A G - G A L or S A - D U G ( c f . O B W , I, pp. 145 and 147 f.). If denominations S A G - G A L are denoted, this would be 72 instead of 120. 1 3

If the measure is S A G - G A L , this should be read as 36 instead of 60. i.e., their bargain.

20

UNIVERSITY MUSEUM—BABYLONIAN

SECTION

No. 5 A

TRANSACTION

IN

PRECIOUS

MADE

FROM

M E T A L S AND

IMPLEMENTS

THEM

( C f . f o r the t e x t N o . io, pi. 10) I.

I. I AZAG-GL G I N 2. I G I D A Z A G 3. K I - L A L - B I X A Z A G G I N 4. 5. 6. 7.

I DUB Z A - K U R K I - L A L - B I II G I N I DUB AZAG-GI K I - L A L - B I II G I N L A L IGI-111-GÄL 8. 1 Z A - A D - M I N 9. [ K I - L A L ] I AZAG-GIN- K A M

10 11. 12 IL 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

UD-KA-BAR NIM URUDU K I - L A L - B I II M A - N A NI-NU URUDU KI-LAL-BI M A S [MA-NA] MAS AZAG GIN BI-BA-AN-GUR II G I D U R U D U K U L !ÜAG-GA KI-LAL-BI $ U $ A N N A [SA-NA] II S A G Z A - K U R E&-KU [KI-LAL]-BI IV G I N

Unfortunately d

Ur- En-nu-uru(?), translation

this

text,

I. 1. One shekel of gold; 2. one flute of gold; 3. its price is 10 shekels of silver; 4. one tablet of lapis lazuli; 5. its price is 2 shekels; 6. one tablet of gold; 7. its price is i f shekels; 8. one Z A - A D - M I N 9. [at the price] of 1 silver shekel 10 copper bronze flies; 11. 12 II. 1. 2. 3. 4.

their price is two manas; N I - N U of bronze; their price is 5 [mana], \ shekel of silver,— these are appraised. T w o bronze flutes of sweet voice(?); 5. their price is 3 [mana];

6. 2 heads of lapis lazuli 7. for a house 1 ; 8. their price is four shekels. which

patesi of N i p p u r ,

is d a t e d

is too broken

for

reign

of

further

T h e portion of it here presented a f f o r d s us, h o w -

ever, a welcome

g l i m p s e into the civilization

nians of t h e t i m e of t h e d y n a s t y of A g a d e . 1

in the

i.e., for house-ornaments, or possibly household gods.

of t h e

Babylo-

G.

A.

BARTON — BUSINESS

AND ADMINISTRATIVE

DOCUMENTS

21

No. 6 RECEIPT

FOR

GRAIN

(Cf. for this text No. 122, pi. 62) Ob.

i. I1CXX11 S E - G U R A-GANl 2. IN GUR SAG-GAL AMAR-DAki 3. I S - N E R v . i. S U - M A - M A 2. I M - H U R 3. § E A M A R - D A k i 4. SU-RA

Ob.

1. 222 Agade-gwr of grain,

2. into gur SAG-GAL Marad 3. changed, Rv. 1. S u - m a - m a 2. received. 3. T h e grain a t M a r a d 4. was delivered.

Seal UR-dEN-ZU DUP-SAR

Ur-Enzu, scribe.

of

22

UNIVERSITY M U S E U M — B A B Y L O N I A N

SECTION

PROPER NAMES N A M E S OF

PERSONS

Abbreviations: b = brother; f = father; h = husband; m = mother; s = son; w = wife; O B W = Barton, The Origin and Development of Babylonian Writing.

A-ba-dEn-ltl: 1. 1 9 , v i , 4 ; 3 6 , ii, 1 1 ; 1 0 8 , ii, 4. 2. dam-kar a n d f . of dEn-lilma-ba: 4, ii, 8 ; 9 , ii, 9 ; 1 3 , ii, 9 ; 2 9 , i, 7, ii, 9, i v , 3 ; 8 6 , i, 6. Ab-ta-gi: 6 0 , i, 3 . A-gar-ra: 4 0 , i, 7 . Ag-mê: 1 5 , i, 9. À-dingir-ra-ta: 36, ii, 4. À-dEn-[lil]: 4 3 , ii, 5. Ad-da: 1 9 , v i i , 4 ; 4 2 , ii, 2 a n d 4 ; 92, i, 4. Ad-da-da, f . dEn-ki?: 7 3 , iii, 2 . Axag-kim-ne, nu-banda: 4, i, 6. A-kal-la, f . Lugal-gis: 4, iii, 6 . Ama-gir: 4 3 , i, 1 1 . Ama-dDa-mu, apin-gud, s. Zafc-dEnlil: 1 2 , ii, i . Ama-kalam-ma: 7 6 , ii, 4. Ama-nig-tu: 4 3 , 8. Ama-temen: 1 7 , ii, 6 . Am-dEn-lil: 1. 4 3 , ii, 1 2 ; 6 1 , 5. 2. s. Lugal-rin-da: 1 5 , ii, 7. Amar-ba-ab: 8 7 , ii, 1 1 . Amar-d$e-ter-dis: 8 , i, 6 ; 5 2 , i, 5. Amar-ia-ininni: 4 1 , i, 7. Amar-tti: 8 0 , ii, 5. An-gu-p, 2 , viii, 1. A-ni-ni, 4 2 , i, 4 a n d 9 ; 50, ii, 5.

sl = slave;

À-ni-ta, 8 7 , i, 4 ; n 5, ii, 1. A-rug-rug, f . dEn-lil-lal: 9, i, 1 2 ; f. Ur-ku-dam: 1 3 , i, 1 4 ; 76, iii, 1 4 ; f. Ur-ni: 1 4 , i, 1 0 . As-ni, dam-kar: 6 2 , i, 7. £ - w r : 4 3 , i, 7. f . Lugal: 4, iii, 2 . Edin-ius, f . Ka-dUtu-{i: 4, i, 4 ; ii, 6 ; 5, iii, 1 2 . E-dSur, s. dNinâ-ka: 1 2 , i, 10. E-kalama: 1 1 , i, 6 and 9. E-ki-gal-la, e-lù; 7, iii, 1 7 ; e-lù a n d s. Ur-dEn-ti: 9 , i, 6 . Eme-ni-gàl: 4 0 , ii, 1. E-mul: 2 , v i i , 5. En-ama: 2 5 , ii, 2. En-edin-ni: 1. 7, i, 1 1 ; 4 4 , ii, 6. 2. dup-sar: 4, iii, 3 ; 1 0 3 , ii, 4 . En-hi-gâl, lugal Sir-pur-la: 2 , i, 5 ; ii, 9 ; iii, 5 ; i v , 9. En-ne?: 1 , iii, 4 . En-nu, lù-ki-ka-ma-bi a n d s. dGal: 5',

7-

En-temen-na: 1 5 , i, 1 0 . En-tus-edin: 7 6 , iii, 2. E-ri-ia-ne: 1 2 9 , i, 2. Erin-temen: 4 0 , i, 3 . E-ta: 2 9 , iii, 1 1 . E-ta-mu-{u: 4, i v , 3.

G.

A.

BARTON

BUSINESS

AND ADMINISTRATIVE

lgï-ur-mu: 59, i, 5. ¡ gi-d En-lil-sa, isib d Nin-X'-ga: 67, i, 6 . In-ki-dug: 50, ¡ i , 6. Is-mii-iu: 30, 4. Ud-du: 2, v i , 7. Um-mi-a: 3, v , 5 . U'ras-kurun, b . Bad-gis-gi: 2, v , 3. Uras-mu-ium, apin: 2 5 , i, 3. Uras-lu-dEn?-temen-um: 18, i v , 4. Uru-ra-ra: 121, i, 1 1 . Lr-aka: 7, iii, 12; 9, i i , 7. Ur?-a-tum, apin: 25, i, 7. Ur-ib-urù: 63, i v , 7. Ur-um-ma: 85, i i , 9. Ur-ba-ab: 87, i i , 8. Ur-ga, dumu-ni: 34, i i , 6. Ur-gal-la, f . Lugal-kii-e: 31, i, 7. Ur-gu-lal-gal: 76, iii, 5. Ur-da: 19, v i i , 3. Ur-dAb, f . D w - á w : 9 1 , i, 5 . Ur-dEngur: 5, i i , 4; 6, i i , 6; i i i , 3, i v , 3; 7, i , 4. Ur-dEn-{u: 1 . dup-sar: 120, s e a l . 2. b . Ur-ni: 77, i i , 4. Ur-dEn-ki: 3, i v , 3; 63, i v , 6. Ur-dEn-ki-ka: 121, iii, 2. Ur-dEn-lil: 92, i, 2; 97, i i , 4. Ur-dEn-lil-lal: 41, i, 10. Ur-dEn-nu-uru(?), patesi En-lilkl: 10, iii, 10. Ur-dEn-ti, f . E-ki-gal-la: 9, i, 7. Ur-dId-ka: 6 , iii, 8 . Ur-dIm: 42, i, 5 ; 83, i i , 7. Ur-dIninni: 1. 87, iii, 3; 88, iii, 4; 112, 2. 2. f . Kalam-il: 12, i i , 6. Ur-dIninni-sag: 82, i i , 2. 1

OBW, 576.

DOCUMENTS

¿3

Ur-dUs-mu: 41, i i , 1 . Ur-dGïs?- . , f . Ur-dun: 1 1 5 , i , 5. Ur-dGu-lal: 58, i i , 3. Ur-dGu-lal-lù: 14, i, 8. Ur-dDa-mu: 1. 18, i i , 1 0 . 2 . s . dEn-lil-lal: 96, i, 2 . 18, i v , 1 1 . (Jr-dDumu-{i-da: 105, i i , 2. Ur-dDun-pa-ê: 50, i, 3; 110, i i , 7. 42, iii, i . Ur-dKu-ner-da: 38, i i , 2. Ur-dNin-ib: 58, i, 7. Ur-dSir: 1 5 , i i , 12. Ur-dSu-ner-gal: 59, i i , 1 . Ur-dun: 1 . f . Ur-dGis?-. . : 1 1 5 , i, 6 . 2. f . Ne-sag: 67, i i , 3. Ur-dun-qa-da: 1 1 1 , i i , 3. Ur-ia, dup-sar?: 62, i, 2. Ur-iag-ma: 57, i, 5; 63, i i i , 8; 97, i, 2 a n d 3. Ur-ia-ka, f . Lù-dNannar: 41, i, 9. Ur~iu: 63, i v , 2. Ur-ki-nar: 67, i i , 5. U'r-ku-dam: 1 . s . A-rug-rug: 1 3 , i, 3; 5 1 , i i , 6; 76, iii, 13. 2. s . Ka?-dEn-lil-da-lù : 13, 4Ur-îal-li: 19, i i , 6. Ur-lam-ma: 39, i i , 8. L'r-/i-. . : 43, i i , 8. Ur-lil-dam-lù, lù-ki-ka-ma-bi : 51, ii, 9. Ur-ma-ma: 14, ii, 2. Ur-mas: 43, i, 9. Ur-ni: i . 1 1 , i, 3; 76, iii, 1 5 ; 88, i v , 1 ; 92, i, 3-

24

UNIVERSITY

M U S E U M[ — B A B Y L O N I A N

2. s. A-rug-rug a n d lù-ki-kama-bi: 14, i, 9; 51, ii, 5. 3. Lugal-lag-a\ag-kim: 1 4 , i, 6. 4. b. Ur-dEn-^u: 77, ii, 3. Ur-pa: 19, iii, 7. Ur-sag, pa-te-si: 64, ii, 7. Ur-ram: 76, iii, 4. Ur-ram-e: 29, iii, 8. Ur-rug: 75, ii, 4; 87, iii, 4. Ur-sag: 87, i, 3. Ur-sag-ga: 67, i, 2; 90, i, 2; 1 1 5 , i, 3 a n d ii, 5. Ur-sah: 3, iii, 2. Ur-temen-tispak: 19, v i i , 1. iVs-. . : 63, iii, 5. Us-kalam: 63, iii, 12. Us-ku: 82, ii, 2. Us-kur, s. Lugal-{i: 12, i, 3. Utu-sag: i , ii, 4. Utu-ka-bar-dam: 5, i, 6 a n d 7.

Da-da, s. Ama-tu: 65, i, 3. Da-da-gu-la, s. Nam-tar-uru a n d 1Ùki-ka-ma-bi: 8 , ii, 1. Da-ni-la: 88, i v , 3. Da-ti: 97, i, 1 . d Utu-ku: 40, i, 6. d En-ki, s. Da-da-[da\: 75, iii, 1. d En-lil: 97, i, 6; ii, 1 . d En-lil-a-mu: 19, v i i , 6; 80, ii, 7. d En-lil-ad-da: 51, ii, 4. d En-lil-da: 87, ii, 6; 97, ii, 3. d En-lil-dingir-{u: 77, ii, 13. d En-lil-dKa: 97, 1 , 3 . d En-lil-lal: 1. 36, ii, 9; 97, i, 4; ii, 5. 2. s. A-rug-rug: 9, i, 1 1 . 3. s. Gan-dEn-lil: 1 2 , i, 6. 4. s. Sag-a-du: 76, iii, 10. 5. s . Sag-ê: 13, ii, 2; lù-ki-kama-bi: 5 1 , ii, 8 . d En-lil-li: 1. 19, v i , 5 ; 87, ii, 5. 2. dam-kar: 5, iii, 2; 7, ii, 1 a n d 1 5 ; iii, 5 a n d 1 1 . 3. azag-kim: 5, iii, 2; 6, ii, 9.1 d En-lil-li-ma-ba: 1. 14, i, 3; 76, i, 6; ii, 7; iii, 3 a n d 8. 2. s. A-ba-dEn-lil: 4, ii, 7; 9, ii, 8 a n d 12; 1 3 , ii, 8; 29, i, 5 ; ii, 8 a n d i v , 3; 86, i, 5; 108, ii, 3. d En-lil-mas-iu: 59, i, 2. d Lù, f. Lugal-en-nu: 12, i, 5 ; 13, ii, i ; f . En-nu: 5 1 , ii, 7. Dingir-ni: 63, iii, 4. d Nin-lil-ama: 1 5 , i, 1 2 . d Ninâ-ka, f . f - ^ w r : 1 2 , i, 1 1 . d Nin-sah: 3, i v , 2.

Bad-gis-gi, b. Uras-kurun: 2, v , 2. Bur-dGid-. . : 13, i, 6. Bur-m-da: 5 1 , i, 7. Gad-bar-. .: 13, i, 6. Ga-ki-ra: 42, i v , 2. Gâl-ba-ri, si. Ku-{u: 30, 5. Gâl-dû-ku: 1 6 , ii, 2. Gal-kal-iiu-da: 80, ii, 3. Gal-lu, dup-§ar: 1 1 5 , ii, 2. Gal-lu-suku-gid: 83, ii, 4. Gan-a-ui, b. $id-mal?-ru: 2, v , 8. Gan-da-pa-nam: 67, ii, 6. Gan-d En-lil, f. dEn-lil-lal, 1 2 , i, 7. Gi-gi: 110,2. Gis-mi: 87, ii, 10; 97, i, 5. Gu-ga-ni, s. Lugal-lù: 25, ii, 4. Gu-ni-du: 3, iii, 6; 15, ii, 13. 1

By a variant spelling the name is here

SECTION

d

En-lil-al.

G. A. BARTON — B U S I N E S S

AND A D M I N I S T R A T I V E DOCUMENTS

25

Dug-ga-ni: 1 7 , v i , 7 . Du-du, s . Ur-dAb: 9 1 , i, 4 ; f . "En-lil: 7 8 , ii, 5. Dù-pa-é, apin: 2 5 , i, 5.

Ka-ma-dIs-tu-ruk-ki: 2 5 , ii, 9 . Ki-ni: 1 9 , v i , 6 . Ku-us-tur: 8 3 , ii, 2 . Ku-ta: 5 9 , i, 3 .

Zag-mu-de: 1. 7 , ii, 3 ; 76, ii, 8 . 2. nu-gan a n d b . Ne-ni-p-ku: 8 6 , ii, 3 . Zah-dEn-lil: 1 2 , ii, 2 . Za-na-gu-la: 1 5 , ii, 6 . Za-ni: 1 9 , ii, 5. Zur-gul: 3 , iii, 5.

Lii-e-gal, s. Tal-la: 1 8 , i, 8 . Lù-ud-da: 7 7 , ii, 1 6 . Lugal: 1. apin: 9 6 , ii, 4 . 2. s. E-da: 4 , iii, 1 . Lugal: 8 7 , ii, 1 2 . Lugal-al: 8 7 , i, 2 . Z.Mg | X 2

" 5

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AUTOGRAPH PLATES

B A B Y L . PUB. U N I V . M U S E U M VOL.

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B A B Y L . PUB. U N I V . M U S E U M V O L .

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BABYL. PUB. U N I V . M U S E U M VOL.

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B A B Y L . PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. IX

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B A B Y L . PUB. U N I V . M U S E U M V O L . IX

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B A B Y L . PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM V O L . IX

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BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. IX

OBVERSE

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BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. IX

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B A B Y L . PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. IX

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B A B Y L . PUB. UNIV. M U S E U M V O L . I X

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BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. IX

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BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM V O L . IX

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BABYL. PUB. UNIV. M U S E U M VOL. I X

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20

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B A B Y L . PUB. UNIV. M U S E U M VOL. I X

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PLATE X I X

BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM V O L . I X

OBVERSE

REVERSE

BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. IX

COL.

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1

27

PLATE

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28

B A B Y L . PUB. UNIV. M U S E U M VOL.

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PLATE

XXI

BABYL.

PUB. UNIV. M U S E U M VOL. IX

PLATE

XXII

BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. IX

34

35

B A B Y L . PUB. UNIV. M U S E U M VOL. IX

OBVERSE

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37

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BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. IX

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B A B Y L . PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. I X

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REVERSE

OBVERSE

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41

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PLATE XXVII

BABYL.rPUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. IX

COL.

4

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B A B Y L . PUB. UNIV. M U S E U M V O L . IX

PLATE

XXVIII

B A B Y L . PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM V O L

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BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. IX

PLATE X X X

B A B Y L . PUB. U N I V . M U S E U M V O L .

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BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM V O L . I X

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B A B Y L . PUB. UNIV. M U S E U M V O L . IX

PLATE

XXXIII

B A B Y L . PUB. UNIV. M U S E U M VOL.

IX

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XXXIV

BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. I X

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B A B Y L . P U B . U N I V . M U S E U M VOL.

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BABYL. PUB. UNIV. M U S E U M i V O L .

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B A B Y L . PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM V O L . I X

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BABYL-3 PUB. UNIV. M U S E U M V O L . IX

69

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B A B Y L . PUB. UNIV. M U S E U M y O L . IX

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B A B Y L . PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM V O L . I X

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BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. IX

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BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL- I X

PLATE XLIII

ODDD ODfe

BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. I X

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B A B Y L . PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM V O L . I X

PLATE X L V

BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. IX

PLATE X L V I

BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. IX

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BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. IX

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BABYL. PUB. UNIV. M U S E U M

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IX

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B A B Y L . PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM V O L . I X

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B A B Y L . PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. IX

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B A B Y L . PUB. UNIV. M U S E U M VOL.

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BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. I X

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BABYL. PUB. U N I V . M U S E U M VOL. I X

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B A B Y L . PUB. UNIV. M U S E U M VOL. IX

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B A B Y L . PUB. UNIV. M U S E U M V O L . IX

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B A B Y L . PUB. UNIV. M U S E U M VOL. IX

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BABYL. PUB- U N I V . M U S E U M VOL.

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BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. I X

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B A B Y L . PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. IX

PLATE LX

B A B Y L . PUB. UNIV. M U S E U M VOL.

PLATE

IX

120

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B A B Y L . PUB. UNIV. M U S E U M VOL. IX

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BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. IX

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BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM VOL. IX

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PLATE LXV

P U B . UNIV. M U S E U M . VOL. IX

END

ARCHAIC

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BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM. VOL. IX

PLATE LXVI

Ij&tâi

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OBVERSE

END

ARCHAIC

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BABYL. PUB. UNIV. MUSEUM. V O L . IX

PLATE LXVII

2

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TABLET

B A B Y L . P U B . U N I V . M U S E U M . V O L . IX

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OBVERSE

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P U R C H A S E O F A H O U S E . G A R D E N . S L A V E S - ETC.

LXVIII

BABYL. P U B . UNIV. M U S E U M . V O L . IX

4

REVERSE

PURCHASE OF THE LABOR OF SLAVES

P L A T E LXIX

OBVERSE

REVERSE

RECEIPT FOR MONEY A N D

SLAVES

P U B . UNIV. M U S E U M . VOL. IX

PLATE LXXI 19

OBVERSE

REVERSE

RECORD OF CROPS FROM VARIOUS

FIELDS

BASYL. PUB. UNIV. M U S E U M . V O L . IX

PLATE LXXII

23

OBVERSE

REVERSE QUANTITIES OF FISH, GRAIN A N D

DATES

OBVERSE

R E C O R D O F A P A Y M E N T BY A

MERCHANT

45

OBVERSE

PURCHASE OF A HOUSE AND

GARDEN

PLATE

BABYL. P U B . U N I V . M U S E U M . V O L . IX 64

OBVERSE

REVERSE

A VERY OLD

106

OBVERSE

A

LABEL

LIST

LXXIV