Suitable for Senior Middle Level English Senior Middle 2

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LESSON 1 Warm-up What do these words have in common?

chronometer

punctual

time-sharing

cuckoo clock

season ticket

Listen and Understand Words, Phrases and Sentences Words are used in speech to indicate anything that has a meaning whereas a phrase is a group of words that are linked. A sentence is a group of words that begins with a capital letter and ends with a full stop. It has a subject, verb and an object. However, a sentence with an intransitive verb does not have an object.

Examples: Words - practices, skills, individuals, implement Phrase - time management

Sentence - Time management is a set of practices or skills that individuals implement in their lives. Look at thefollowing information and indicate ifit is a wo" (W), phrase (P), or sentence (S).

1. Time management is important to accomplish a certain task within a stipulated time that has been given.

2. skills 3. Teaching students about efficiency.

4. deadline 5. Punctuality is also a part of time management.

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Unitl Practice Complete the information with the given words. tasks, projects and goals

skills, tools and techniques

Management refers to a range of (1)used to manage time when

accomplishing specific (2). management strategy

action plan

One important time (3)is to set goals through an ⑷.

good prioritisation

enough time

With (5)of tasks, there will be (6)for

all activities. learn

homework

efficiency

Students (7)about (8)through (9)given to them by their teachers at school.

punctuality

meeting or event

set

Apart from efficiency, (10)is also a set of skills and it is important for individuals to be punctual for a (11)of which

the date and time has been (12)earlier. stipulated time

important

Time management is (13)to accomplish a certain job within a

(14)•

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^^ Match the sentences correctly. ，Part B

Part A

1. A personal and flexible schedule

―

2. By prioritizing, students can focus

Q

a. practise time management. b. incorporates the students' own preferences.

3. Efficiency is a key

•

4. To manage time successfully, students

d

5. It is important to

•

6. Time management is

■

j

c. must be clear about their targets. d. crucial to accomplish a certain task within a given timeframe.

•

e. to good time management. f. on important activities and postpone others.

LESSON 2 What do these words mean? Match them with their meanings.

,Words , ■

2. essential

。

3. trend

0

0 c. keen insight

4. schedule

a

0 d. the general course or prevailing tendency

5. philosophy 0

4

• a. absolutely necessary, indispensable

1. acumen

b. the rational investigation of the truths and principles of being, knowledge or conduct

e. a plan of a procedure, usually written, for a proposed objective

Unitl

It is a good practice to make notes of the key points as you listen to a text. The key points are the important ideas in the text. To understand the key points, remember the following: • Read the title or instructions which may suggest the main subject of the text.

• Identify the main idea related to the subject. This is the topic sentence in a paragraph or section.

• Note down the supporting sentences of the topic sentence.

Example: When Alexander the Great was returning home after his conquests, he fell seriously ill. Close to his death, he called his generals and requested that they carry out his three wishes when he died. He said, "My first wish is that only my physicians carry my coffin. Next, as they are carrying my coffin to the grave, the path to the graveyard must be strewn with the gold, silver and precious stones from my treasury. Finally, both my hands must dangle out of the coffin." His favourite general assured him they would be done but asked the reason for these strange requests. He replied, UI have learned three lessons and I want the world to know them. First, no physician can ultimately save a person from the clutches of death. Next, I will not be able to take even a small fraction of my enormous wealth with me and finally I came into the world empty handed and I will leave it in the same way." Main subject - Alexander the Great, close to his death Main point(s) - his three wishes • only his physicians to carry his coffin • path to the graveyard must be strewn with the gold, silver and precious stones from his treasury • both his hands must dangle out of the coffin Supporting point(s) - reasons for the three wishes • no physician can save a person from death • will not be able to take his wealth with him • came into the world empty handed and would leave in the same way.

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Read the text below. Identify and list the main subject, main point(s) and supporting detail(s).

Once upon a time there were two good friends, the ant and the grasshopper. All summer they played and enjoyed themselves. One day the ant said to the grasshopper, uMy friend, summer will be ending soon. Lefs collect some food to store for the winter months.^^ But the grasshopper laughed loudly and said, "Don't worry, pal. See it is still warm and sunny.^^ And it continued to dance and enjoy itself. But the wise ant, set to work to collect and stock up its food. Soon the cold winter struck. The ground was frozen and everything was covered with snow and the poor grasshopper could find no food. It knocked on the anfs door, "Please help me, Brother. I am starving.,^ The ant was so sad. It said, "I wish I could but I have only enough for my family and myself. Besides you can't eat this type of food, you can only eat leaves.^^ Weeping, the poor grasshopper went away and soon met its fate. Main subject Main point(s)Supporting point(s)-

Practice A reporter from a local newspaper, The Business Daily, interviewed a successful businessman, Gerard Wong. Listen to his views on how to manage a business. Make notes of the interview under the following headings.

1. Subject of interview:__________________________________________________

2. a. Name of interviewer:_______________________________________________ b. Name of interviewee:_______________________________________________ 3. a. Point one:________________________________________________________ b. Supporting sentence:________________________________________________ 4. a. Point two: ________________________________________________________

b. Supporting sentence(s): _____________________________________________

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Unitl 5. a. Point three: b. Supporting sentence: _______________________________________________

Complete the following information.

A successful business depends on the business (1) a individual has, how the (2) o are handled with a proper (3) m

that an

are managed and whether they

philosophy, or having

the right (4) c. But, the most important element is (5) t

management.

Choose the most suitable option. 1. For a businessman, time is (cash, wealth, money).

2. Trade secrets help in the (daily, hidden, cumulative) running of a business. 3. Enterprising businessmen should be up to date with the (past, current, superficial) trends in the business world. 4. Businesses thrive on (competition, malpractices, stagnation). 5. The most (necessary, profitable, vital) point in running a successful business is time management.

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LESSON 1 War Share w"〃 the class your understanding of time management and the importance of time management in your life as a student, “ friend and a family member.

、The Importeng❷ of "nme and Money JVIanag/m❷nt Looking back at your own life...do you always say that the time given for a project, assignment or homework is not sufficient? Have you ever wished you had 30 hours a day instead of 24 hours? If the answer is 'yes', then, you need to start managing your time efficiently. Time is sufficient, if utilised efficiently.

\

There are many phrases to describe time, as listed below:

)

eventually...

later...

soon...

henceforth...

^/==

meanwhile...

immediately...

next...

finally...

Below are five phrases that can be used to indicate something that will happen

in the near future: JU

I will be doing it soon...

In just a few minutes...

4 R

Not long now...

...is just round the corner

Below are some keywords/ actions related to time management: planning... (Create a list or a long term planner)

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organising...

structuring...

stop procrastinating...

prioritising your assignments...

Unitl Examples: 1. I have an assignment to hand in next week. Thus, I need to stop procrastinating and organise my time.

2. We must prioritise our work. Next, we can focus on the other tasks. Describe how you can achieve the traits in the box below.

1. use your free time wisely...

2. develop self-discipline...

Imagineyou are one ofthe characters below. Describe what is happening and what can be done to manage time or money.

Nisha

Joel Teo

• a shopaholic • spends more than she earns by swiping her credit card • borrows money from friends to keep feeding her addiction • in debts • cancels her credit cards • self-control • avoids temptations

• a college student • has 2 assignments to be handed up in 2 days • easily distracted by video games • takes longer breaks than he does his assignments • store away video games till after his assignments are done

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You can use some of the phrases or terms below to help you in your explanation.

• • • • • • • • •

prioritise find daily patterns form new habits segment large tasks know your most effective time for doing something stop procrastinating I think that I believe In my opinion

Below is a famous quote. Understand the quote and its link to the importance of time management. Share your answer w"〃 the rest of the class, “PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE” Note for the teacher:

We always relate the quote "Prevention is better than cure" to sickness. But it is the perfect quote to use for time management. Proper time management is a form of prevention. With time management, future mistakes can be avoided. Time is the most important factor and once lost it cannot be regained.

Mh Lastly, here is another quote by Ralph Waldof an American poetfor you to practise in your life. “THE YEARS IN OUR LIFE ARE LESS IMPORTANT THAN THE LIFE IN OUR YEARS"

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Unitl

LESSON 2 War，・up There are some questions we should never ask of an acquaintance as it is considered rude.

• the age of a lady • the salary or income of a person Are there any other personal questions we should avoid?

Asking for and Providing Specific Information Here are some polite ways to ask someone for information and provide the answers to questions that are asked.

Useful expressions:

• How do you...? • What else...? • May I know if...? • Do you... ?

Examples:

May

: Hi, Andy! How are you?

Andy : I am fine, thank you. How are you?

May

: I am fine too. I just read an article on how to become rich.

Andy : Thafs great! How do you become rich?

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May

: Well, we have to work hard and smart to earn our money.

Andy : Thafs logical. What else was written in the article? May

: We must be prudent in our spending and save some money every month. Do you

do that?

Andy : Oh, I will, as soon as I start earning a salary. Is there any other information given? May

: Yes, we have to invest our savings wisely. Always get good advice and study closely the attitudes and skills of some successful role models. Be creative and diligent.

Andy : Wow! That is certainly a useful article. Thanks for sharing it with me. May

: My pleasure.

Common Errors 1. How you become rich? (X) How do you become rich? (4)

2. Do you understanding the words? (X) Do you understand the words? (d)

Group work. You are at home with your parents. K>〃 tell them about the article you read on how to become rich. Role play the conversation. You may use ideas and expressions ofyour own.

Unitl

Giving Opinions and Advice Useful expressions: • In my opinion...

• I believe...

• I think...

• I don't think...

• Do you think...?

• I feel that...

• I agree/disagree. ..

• My advice...

• should, shouldn't

• You are right...

• must, mustn't

• ...a good idea.

Fill in the blanks w"〃 the expressions above. Naden

: Hi, Marlene! Have you heard of 'get rich quick schemes??

Marlene : Yes and I think you (1)avoid such schemes. Naden

: Why do you say that?

Marlene : (2)they are usually scams to cheat people of their hard earned money. What (3)about them? Naden

: (4)with you and it is a shame there are some greedy and gullible people who fall victims to such scams.

Marlene : (5)to those who want to get rich is to work for it. They should have a proper plan and get a well experienced team to work with. Naden

: It is also (6)not to be extravagant but to live a simple life with less stress and more time for your family.

Marlene : (7). Remember, being ourselves is much more important than having possessions.

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/Discussion You and your friends are having a chat on how to manage yourselves more effectively. Use the notes below to discuss how you can manage your time and money better.

• read more • save money in the bank • buy less comic books or sweets • spend quality time with the family by playing games etc rather than just sitting in front

of the computer alone • time and money should always be managed the same way, that is, always deliberately and also on things or someone you value

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Warm-up Time is what we want most, but what w use worst. - William Penn Many of us wish we had more time. We would have more time to rest and relax, and be able to fulfil our obligations better. What would you do ifyou had one extra hour every day? How would you use it? Example: / would play basketball -with my friends.

I would... I would... I would...

Read-on

d

Read the following article.

As \a student in to Senior your days left in secondary numbered. However, quote2,Franklin D. Roosevelt, u...greatschool power are involves great eBefore you know it, you511 be ready for a whole new adventure - college life. responsibility.^^ Your years spent in college will be a real test of personal It iswill veryand likely that you will be primary furthering your from home. determination. Your goal, ofstudies course, away will be to garner \ Perhaps, you may be living in a foreign country. in Being on your good grades, but even you will be accountable to yourself a manner thatown you T can be extremely liberating. You will have to make your own decisions. might not be accustomed to. After all, you have spent your formative years under the care and guidance of your parents. You may have little or no experience whatsoever in managing your finances or keeping track of how you spend your time. The following are some tips in ensuring that your assimilation into college life goes as smoothly as possible.

1 - Prioritise

The way in which your grades are accumulated may be different from that of secondary schools. You will have marks for attendance, assignments, tests and final exams. Study

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boring and difficult subjects first to get them out of the way. Keep track of what is important, and what is urgent. For instance, you may have a 2000-word essay due at the end of the semester and a test in the coming week. Knowing how to prioritise will ensure you allocate time efficiently to both.

2 - Keep a Planner Plan your day, or even your week ahead. Work around your class schedule, which you will be given at the beginning of the term. A good way to allocate time is to divide the day into blocks of time. Keep note of due dates for assignments and tests. Plan well ahead for large tasks. Procrastinating will only lead to seemingly easy jobs becoming large and mammoth-like. As the date approaches, use visual reminders such as bright notes on your board to ensure you do not forget anything.

3 - Don't Over-Schedule

While college is a time to explore new horizons, don " stretch yourself too thin. You may be tempted to sign up for everything - there will be clubs and societies galore for you to join. Make sure you have enough time left for studies and rest. Have fun, but don't burden yourself with unrealistic obligations. 4 - Keep Time for Health and Relationships

While maintaining your grades is your number one priority, as mentioned earlier, you should also take care of your physical and emotional well-being. It is easier to resort to quick meals such as fast food and instant noodles, but these can be detrimental to your health and affect your studies in the long run. Make time for balanced meals. Exercise and keep fit. Cultivate good relationships with your peers, housemates and classmates as being far away from home and your loved ones could lead to loneliness and depression. 5 - Keep Track of Expenditures

Note down your expenses in your first month at college. This will give you a rough estimate of how much you spend. In the coming months, you can then budget accordingly, keeping in mind the essentials - rent, food, utilities, textbooks, toiletries, transport and entertainment. Always ensure you have a little left over for unexpected expenses - a friend may have a birthday coming up, and you might be called to pool resources to get her a present. 6 - Look for Alternative Means of Income If your grades are exemplary, you could apply for a scholarship from your institution, the government or a philanthropic group. In addition, you could check for available student

Unitl loans. For some extra pocket money, you could also get a part time job on campus. Check the boards around college or your college newsletter. 7 - Find Ways to Cut Costs If you are sharing accommodation with others, split expenses whenever possible. You could take turns buying groceries, or contribute to expensive purchases such as electrical appliances. As a student, there will also be many discounts offered - movies, entertainment centres and eateries. Utilise them fully.

Identity the synonyms and antonymsfor thefollowing words. The words are from the passage. 1. liberating (line 5) - freeing, releasing, preventing, restraining

2. allocate (line 23) - withhold, retain, assign, earmark 3. depression (line 39) - gloom, misery, happiness, hope 4. ensure (line 44) - guarantee, ignore, confirm, neglect 5. resources (line 45) - assets, debts, reserves, liabilities

^^ Read the passage carefully and choose the most appropriate meaning for each word or phrase printed in BOLD. 1. Your primary goal, of course, will be to garner (line 8) good grades... This suggests your goal should be to A. do well in your studies B. be the top student C. keep up your performance D. obtain the required qualification

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2. Procrastinating (line 25) will only lead to... A. Abstaining B. Postponing some tasks C. Putting off to a later time D. Working hurriedly 3. ... don 7 stretch yourself too thin... (line 29). This phrase means A. don't exercise all the time. B. don't tire yourself out. C. don't take on too many tasks. D. don't attempt to lose too much weight.

4. ... these can be detrimental (line 36) to your health... A. limiting B. painful C. stressful D. bad for 5. the government or philanthropic (line 48) group. A. educational B. charitable C. philosophical D. business

Read the passage and answer the questions below. 1. Complete the sentence correctly as in the text. As a student in Senior 2, your days left in secondary school. A. are coming to an end B. are numbered C. are increasing D. are becoming less

2. According to the writer being on your own is extremely liberating because A. you can choose your friends. B. you can work at your own pace. C. you will be able to make your own decisions. D. you can show you are independent. 3. Explain... uYou will be liberated but with great power comes great responsibility^^.

4. Why is it important to prioritize?

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Unitl 5. What will lead to small jobs becoming mammoth-like? 6. Besides maintaining your grades, what are two other things you should take care of?

G^ Match the information in the two columns correctly.

{ Column A，

,Column B

1. Keep a Planner

)

a. use discount vouchers

2. Ways to Cut Costs

d

b. get a part-time job

3. Time for Health

d

1

c. don't burden yourself

4. Other Means of Income

J

J

d. keep note of due dates

0

e. exercise and keep fit

5. Don't Over-Schedule

Fill in the blanks below w"〃 the most appropriate answers. 1. You could apply for a

if your grades are exemplary.

2. I can know about job availabilities from. 3. I can split expenses if I am sharing my

with others.

4. You can use (a)reminders such as (b)to ensure you do not forget anything. 5. Effective (a)will ensure you (b)sufficient time for each job.

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Warp-up Write the following in a shorter form.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

all of a sudden in a very slow manner quick as a flash by fair or foul means brothers and sisters

Summary Skills Summary writing is a skill which shows that you can understand the text and get the main point. You are only concerned with the main facts or ideas.

Look at the extract below and pick out the main ideas. Rewrite it excluding the details.

The way in which your grades are accumulated may be different from that of secondary schools. You will have marks for attendance, assignments, tests and final exams. Study boring and difficult subjects first to get them out of the way. Keep track of what is important, and what is urgent. For instance, you may have a 2000-word essay due at the end of the semester and a test in the coming week. Knowing how to prioritise will ensure you allocate time efficiently to both.

Main ideas - grading different from schools, not solely on exams, prioritise work, allocate time efficiently Summary - Grading in college is not based solely on examinations. So prioritise your work to allocate time efficiently.

Complete the following example.

Note down your expenses in your first month at college. This will give you a rough estimate of how much you spend. In the coming months, you can then budget accordingly, keeping in mind the essentials - rent, food, utilities, textbooks, toiletries, transportation

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Unitl and entertainment. Always ensure you have a little left over for unexpected expenses - a friend may have a birthday coming up, and you might be called to pool resources to get her a present.

Main ideas Summary

Practice Read each extract and then choose the sentence that BEST summarises the extract. The way in which your grades are accumulated may be different from secondary schools. You will have marks for attendance, assignments, tests and final exams. Study boring and difficult subjects first to get them out of the way. Keep track of what is important, and what is urgent. For instance, you may have a 2000-word essay due at the end of the semester and a test in the coming week. Knowing how to prioritise will ensure you allocate time efficiently to both.

A. B. C. D.

Prioritise your work according to what is important and what is urgent. Catch Time by its forelocks. Allocate time equally for all that has to be done. Ineffective use of time will be a problem.

Plan your day, or even your week ahead. Work around your class schedule, which you will be given at the beginning of the term. A good way to allocate time is to divide the day into blocks of time. Keep note of due dates for assignments and tests. Plan well ahead for large tasks. Procrastinating will only lead to seemingly easy jobs becoming large and mammoth-like. As a date approaches, use visual reminders such as bright notes on your board to ensure you do not forget anything.

A. B. C. D.

Procrastination is the thief of time. Visual reminders are a must in your schedules. Planning and prioritizing are important habits. Large tasks must be completed first.

■

Note down your expenses in your first month at college. This will give you a rough estimate of how much you spend. In the coming months, you can then budget accordingly, keeping in mind the essentials - rent, food, utilities, textbooks, toiletries, transport and entertainment. Always ensure you have a little left over for unexpected expenses - a friend may have a birthday coming up, and you might be called to pool resources to get her a present. A. B. C. D.

Keep a record of your expenses and prepare a budget for prudent spending. Always have enough money for your expenditure. A dollar saved is a dollar earned. The first month in college is a crucial time.

Read the article on pages ?5~7 7 carefully once more. Summarise the tips found in the article in not more than 150 words.

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Warp-up Complete the following idioms.

1. Time and tide................................

2. Procrastination is the................................ 3. Catch Time by................................ 4. All the gold in the world................................ 5. As distance tests................................

Brainstorming Brainstorming is the process of gathering or generating as many ideas as quickly as possible. This gives us many choices on how to select, organise and use the information for the required topic. Brainstorming can be done in a group or on your own. You can list the ideas or create a mind map. The mind map gives a clear, comprehensive and balanced picture of the ideas relevant to the topic.

Example: Mind Map -daily interaction

-independent, responsible

-outings, celebrations

-happy, stable, secure

Family time

Diet

Emotional well-being

HEALTHY HABITS

Future plans

-balanced

-with family, friends, alone

-daily, weekly

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Complete the mind map to show the reasonsfor the importance of time management with the words given. REDUCE

PRODUCTIVE PRIORITIZE

More 1.

use of time

IMPORTANCE OF TIME MANAGEMENT

2. waste of time and effort

Able to plan and 3.

Practice Create mind maps for the following.

1. Important daily activities. 2. Home study plan 3. Working towards your goal.

Preset Group work. Imagine you are the canteen operator of your school. Write a brief schedule of the daily operations of the canteen. Work out a plan with some proposed improvements incorporating time and money management.

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Warp-up Rearrange the words to form sentences.

an

e.g.

I

book

excellent

Literature

bought

He bought an excellent book on Chinese Literature.

school

2. We

bought

Don't

5.

It

spider

apartment

ground

is

A

walk

morning

Rahman

4. the the

legs

has

1. eight

3.

He

Chinese

on

litter

aquarium

every

to an

and

Hanis

unhygienic

relaxing

it

to

the

is

beautiful

because very

fish

which

is

watch

in

Sentence Patternss Simple, Compound and Complex A sentence contains a subject and a predicate. Subject Jane

The eagle

Predicate

is happy. flies swiftly.

These are Positive or 'Yes' sentences.

Subject

John The duck

Predicate is not happy.

does notfly swiftly.

These are negative or 'No' sentences.

A simple sentence which is also called an independent clause, expresses one idea. It has only one subject and one predicate.

Examples: • This is my friend. • He bought an excellent book on Chinese Literature.

A compound sentence has two or more ideas in it. It is formed by joining two or more simple sentences using conjunctions like for, and, nor, but, or, yet and so. (The mnemonic FANBOYS gives the first letter of each conjunction.)

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Examples: • This is my friend and she is always helpful. • He bought an excellent book on Chinese Literature, so he was happy.

Ues A mnemonic / nimanik / is a memory aid to help us remember and recall some information easily. Example: SOHCAHTOA in Trigonometry is used to find the angles

of a triangle.

SIN = Opposite / Hypotenuse

COS = Adjacent / Hypotenuse

TAN = Opposite / Adjacent /Adjacent sides

A complex sentence is a simple sentence joined by a dependent clause. There is one main idea and one supporting idea. The clause is not a complete sentence by itself.

Examples: • This is my friend, (simple sentence) • This is my friend, who is always helpful, (simple sentence with a dependent clause)

Practice Join the ideas in the sentences using the words in the brackets. Then identify the type of sentence. g.

f

The ice began to crack. Luckily for us it did not break, (but) The ice began to crack but luckily for us it did not break. (Compound Sentence)

1. Choose a career that you enjoy. Choose a career where the income is adequate for your needs, (and)

2. Save some money every month. You may need it for a rainy day. (as) 3. Plan and control your budget every month. You do not over spend, (so that)

Unitl 4. Get a good life insurance policy. It should cover any medical expenses, (which) 5. Health is wealth. Many people neglect their health, (yet) 6. Joan does not like an extravagant lifestyle. Her family does not like this as well, (neither)

7. He started his business on a small scale. His brother did the opposite, (but) 8. Visualize your goals. Actualize them. (Then)

9. None of the stories we read was new. All of them were interesting. (However) 10. There are many language scientists. They have proven in repeated tests that a person's vocabulary is a direct measure of his position in life, (who)

Expand the sentences by adding a dependent clause with the words given.

g.

r

The new words will add richer concepts to your thinking, (acquire) The new words, which you acquire, will add richer concepts to your thinking.

1. Peter does all his school work in time, (diligent)

2. He looks after his dog. (lame) 3. Jane is my classmate, (hardworking)

4. The eagle undergoes a transformation after 40 years, (majestic) 5. During the summer, the ant stored up food for the winter months, (prudent) 6. The humble ginger has many medicinal uses, (root plant)

7. That is the girl, (winner) 8. Port Dickson has many beautiful beaches, (holiday resort)

9. The sun turned the shimmering waves into gold, (setting)

10. Many people come to watch the sunset, (magnificent)

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^^ In each of the sentences below, four parts are underlined and lettered

A, B, C and O. One of these parts contains an error. Circle the letter indicating the error. 1. Jane is my classmate which is very polite and hardworking. A B C D 2. Save some money every month so you may need it for a rainy day. A B C D

3. Ruku together with all her friends manage to complete the work quickly. A B C D 4. A good student will always do all his work promptly, carefill and regularly. A B C D

5. To do the work yourself is sometimes better than asking someone to do it. AB C D 6. Integrity without knowledge is weak and useless, and knowledge without integrity A B C

is danger and dreadful. D 7. All work and no play make Jack a dull boy. A B C D

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'J川tl

Diphthong ■■ and，：/ Sound /9U/

/3：/

go

her

toe

early

dough

for

rogue

herb

cosy

chirp

bone

bird

phone

hurt

boat

burn

ocean

myrrh

closure

irk

Listen and say the above words after your teacher.

^^ Read aloud the following sentences. Circle the words with the Zau/ 'sound and box the words with the /3：/ sound.

1. Won't you row the old boat if I load it with gold? 2. Ifs the early bird that catches the worm.

3. Do go and show Bert your photo taken of a fir tree. 4. Inigo prefers to murmur to Toby.

5. No, no, ril blow my nose before I pose for Mr Snow.

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Tick the words read outby your teacher. 1. fern

phone

2. burn

bone

3. work

woke

4. ball

bowl

5. nought

note

6. flirt

float

7. four

fur

8. torn

turn

9. jaw

Joe

10. bought

boat

Listfive other words that rhyme with go /geu/ andfive that rhyme w"〃 fur/f3：/.

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Newspaper in Education (NIE) The newspaper is a treasure house of knowledge and information. Besides giving us the latest news, it can also provide us with many educational fun activities.

Activity 1 Scan through the newspaper and pick out as many words as possible relating to Time and

Money.

Examples: date

Finance Section currency exchange rates

Activity 2 Find an interesting article in the newspaper, for example, a court case. Summarise the main ideas of the story. Read through the newspapers over a week and add new developments to your write up. Include relevant photos and other images to make your work as impressive as possible.

Activity 3 Refer to the Sports section of the newspaper. Choose a sports personality who has become famous and successful, like Nicole David (a Squash champion) or Datuk Lee Chong Wei (a

Badminton star). Discuss with your class how he or she achieved his or her fame.

31

1.

accumulated (v)

collected

bertambah

2.

accustomed (v)

used to

menjadi biasa

累积 习惯于

3.

assimilation (n)

integration

penyerapan

吸收

4.

budget (n)

financial plan

anggaran belanjaan

预算

5.

burden (v)

make difficult

menyusahkan

负担

6.

comprehensive (adj)

wide

lengkap

全面的

7.

cramming (v)

filling

mengisi padat-padat

填鸭式

8.

dangle (v) deadlines (n)

hang

menjuntaikan

悬挂

last date

tarikh tutup

最终期限

10. delegate (v)

authorise

mengamanahkan

委派

11. detrimental (adj)

harmful

membahayakan

12. distracted (v)

diverted

terganggu

后害的 精神不集中的

13. encompasses (v)

covers

melingkungi

包含

14. enormous (adj)

huge

sangat besar

极大的

15. enterprising (adj)

businesslike

giat berusaha

有事业心

16. exchange (v)

replace

tukaran

交换

17. extravagant (adj)

lavish

terlampau

18. flexibility (n)

adaptability

disesuaikan

过分的 弹性

19. fraction (n)

part

bahagian

20. gullible (adj)

easily persuaded

mudah tertipu

片断 易受骗的

9.

to believe something 21. impressive (adj)

admirable

menekankan

感人的

22. incorporating (v)

including

termasuk

包括

23. independent (adj)

sendiri

独立

24. mnemonic (n)

by itself memory aid

cara membantu ingatan

记忆术

25 ・ obligations (n)

duties

tanggungjawab

26. peers (n)

rakan sebaya

27. philanthropic (adj)

friends good

责任 平辈

murah hati

博爱的

28. physicians (n)

doctors

doktor

医生

29. priorities (n)

according to

keutamaan

优先

memberi keutamaan

优先

importance

30. prioritising (v)

rank according to importance

产.

31. scams (n)

fraud

ketipuan

32. shimmering (adj)

shining

memancarkan

诡计 闪亮

33. strategies (n)

steps

strategi

策略

34. strewn (v)

thrown

menabur

撒

3 5. subordinate (adj)

less important

kurang penting

次要

Unitl 36. transformation (n)

change

perubahan

变化

37. trivial (adj)

minor

tidak penting

微不足道的

38. unrealistic (adj)

too ambitious

tidak benar

不实际的

39. utilities (n)

essentials

kemudahan-kemudahan

设施

40. utilise (v)

use

mengguna

使用

41. vital (adj)

important

mustahak

重要

42. worthwhile (adj)

useful

berguna

值得

Recruitment Noun Phrases and Clauses Diphthong /oi/ Preparing a Job Application Letter Resume and Personal Statement

WCANC

LESSON 1 War Match Column A with Column B.

.Column A .

.Column B

Qualities of a Good Employee

.

Attitudes

1. Knowledgeable

」

0

a. able to make decisions

2. Multi-skilled

•

・

b. adapt to changes easily

3. Good communication skills

」

・

c. can handle latest technology

4. Confident

・

・

d. good interaction with others

5. Versatile

。

•

e. can handle complex tasks

ListentoandUnderstand Informationina^lk^ When we listen to a talk, we understand the direct or literal meaning of what is said. The information stated is clear and straightforward. This is clearly seen in a factual text that is intended to convey important information to the listeners. The information can then be used in similar situations.

Examples: Ifyou want to be recruited by an international company, it is an advantage to know a foreign language. It is also an asset to have good communication skills. It will also he helpful to those who love travelling and meeting people. Therefore, it is important to know a foreign language as well as to be able to communicate effectively. Besides, this ability suits an outgoing personality.

Unit 2 Below is a text on being self employed. Choose the most suitable options to complete the blanks. Many people want to be their own bosses. (1). They may work from their

homes and this is made easier with the use of the (2).They enjoy more flexibility and convenience compared to an office job and furthermore (3).

1. A. So they can be dependent B. So they do not like to follow instructions C. So they opt to work with others 2. A. foreign maids

B. Internet

C. calculator

3. A. they can spend more time with their family B. it affects their creativity C. they work from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m.

ice Answer the following questions, with reference to the information you have listened to. 1. In her CV, May Chin has elaborated on her qualifications and emphasised on her practical training as a teacher trainee. What do you think will be the outcome of the interview session? Why?

2. Ajob advertiser will receive many CVs. What is one helpful suggestion that you would offer an applicant for a teacher's post?

3. Rosian hopes to join a publishing company as a graphic designer. How will he know before the interview, if the company is in a position to pay him a reasonable salary?

4. What is your impression of ajob applicant who telephones the receptionist an hour before the interview to say that he might be late because the roads are flooded and he is caught in a traffic jam?

5. If you were the interviewer, what would you do?

Choose the most suitable option to complete the following text. Body language should be watched during an interview. [1)

Posture, gesture and eye contact can show if you are interested. (2)

a) b) c) d)

It does not tell a lot about your skills. It tells a lot about your personality. It shows that you do not care if you get the job. Interest shows through your body language.

Recruitment takes place if a person is suitable for the job and has the right attitude. (3). Emphasis is not frequently made based on a person's

skills. (4).

a) b) c) d)

38

Skills are more important than attitude. Skills can be acquired easily but not attitude. Employers like recruits with good attitude. Good attitude can be bought easily.

Unit 2

LESSON 2 Wari Below is a list of emotions. Match them with the most likely situations. ■

Emotions ■

1. happiness

0

2. anxiety

9

3. excitement

J

9

Q Situations .

a. going out for a movie b. trapped in a lift

c. visit to a dentist

4. frustration

d. best friend's wedding

5. fear

e. missing a goal

Listentoand Understand the Right Sequence inaTalk A talk is usually given in a structured style. There will be an introduction, the message or main content and finally the ending. Thus, there is a right sequence in the way the information is given.

Example: Good morning everyone. I am Melissa and I wish to share with you a meaningful story.

Do you know the story of the old caretaker of the Good Fortune Village? Well, he was an old man who would each day clear the fallen twigs and leaves from the mountain area above the village. One day, the villagers decided that his services were not important and influenced the mayor to stop his work and so save the payment made to him.

Gradually the villagers noticed the streams from the mountain top that supplied water to the village were becoming dirtier and dirtier. There were decayed leaves and even small dead animals. Now they realised the important work the old caretaker had been diligently doing all these years. How thoughtless they had been to someone who had quietly been doing a noble job!

39

Rearrange the text below in the correct sequence.

One servant always used a cracked pot. By the time he reached home, the pot was almost empty. The pot was very sad and asked the man to discard him as he was useless. However, the old servant told him not to worry as he was also doing a great job. Hello, everyone! I would like to share with you an interesting story, uThe Cracked Pot". "What?" asked the surprised pot. In an old town, there was a wealthy man with many servants and possessions. Every day, the servants had to carry two earthen pots to the river to get water for the household.

"Well, look at all the lovely flowers that have bloomed along the pathway. It was only possible because of the water from your pot."

ice Listen to the talk and arrange thefollowingpoints in the same sequence as in the talk. The speaker is impressed when a potential candidate has done his homework and can respond intelligently to the questions asked during the interview.

The first impression is important because a potential employer will gauge an individual's personality from the first meeting. The speaker is Jerry Yan. He is talking about his experiences as a human resource manager. Among the factors that a potential employer will take notice of are punctuality, appropriate dressing, courtesy and enthusiasm.

Unit 2 Which of the following words do notfit the list? 1. first impressions - punctuality, appropriate dressing, experience, courtesy, enthusiasm.

2. preparation - the establishment's history, scope of business, management team, size of building, the awards won. 3. deciding factors - first impressions, preparation, qualifications, experience, expectations.

Fill in the blanks with the words given.

1. The (a)will decide if you are suitable for the (b)based on your (c)and work experience as shown in your (d).

2. (a)can enquire about the nature of the (b)and discuss the expectations of the (c).

41

LESSON 1 Warp-up Ifyou are looking for at a 〃ew job, what are the benefits you would look for?

We ask questions to get the required information. There are various types of questions depending on the situation. Below are some examples.

Function: To ask

Forms: What is your job?

To find out

Where is the main office?

To enquire

What time do you start work?

To confirm

You start at 9 a.m., don't you?

To request

Could you show me your resume?

To interrogate

Why are you late?

To ask for details

What are your expectations for this job?

Give the most suitable question for each of the statements below. 1. ?

The office is located on the first floor.

Unit 2 2. ?

I am a sales promoter for Astra Magazine. 3. ? Of course. Here it is.

Pair work. Imagine thatyou are at a job interview. Act out the interview with a friend.

Interviewer

:Good morning, Mr Mah. Do come in and have a seat.

Mah

:Good morning, Sir. Thank you.

Interviewer

:How are you today?

Mah

:I am fine, thank you. How are you?

Interviewer

:Good, thanks.

Mah

:May I laiow how long you have been working in this company?

Interviewer

:Oh! Ten years. I see from your resume you do have some work experience. Why did you leave your last job?

Mah

:The office was relocated to Penang and I prefer to be here with my family. Can you tell me about this job of a 'children entertainer??

Interviewer

:Well, it is to be a clown.

Mah

:I have to be a clown?

Interviewer

:Yes. You wear a clown's costume and do things to make the children laugh. Is it alright with you?

Mah

:I think so but why did the last clown leave?

43

Interviewer

:He became upset when some children became unruly.

Mah

:Does that happen often?

Interviewer

:No, it doesn't.

Mah

:Can I ask a question?

Interviewer

:Sure.

Mah

:May I laiow how much ril be paid?

Interviewer

:Don't worry, ifll be reasonable.

Work in pairs. With one person playing the role of an interviewer and the other an applicant, conduct an interview session for any industry of your choice. Below are some of the points you should use in your interview session. Interviewer

As an interviewer you give the first impression of the company. Your actions and words play an important role, so please take note of these.

Things you should include in the interview: 1. proper greeting (both verbally and physically)

2. self-introduction 3. ask the candidate to tell you a bit about himself and why he wants to work in the

company 4. ask about past experiences etc and why he left 5. why he wants to work in your company and how he can benefit the company 6. why the company should hire him

7. salary expected 8. ask him how he would deal with a particular problem

Take note ofyour candidate's actions and words and write down what you feel about

the candidate. Share this with the class at the end of the interview session.

44

Unit 2 Interviewee

1. proper form of greeting (both verbally and physically) 2. proper posture and eye contact during the entire interview. 3. sample questions you can ask are: a. What does the company value most? How does the company think my work will further these values?

b. Do you have any questions and concerns regarding my ability for the job applied?

Here are some tips for you when going for a job interview in the future: 1. Ask relevant questions and do not be rude.

2. Do not condemn a past employer 3. Dress professionally and take pride in your appearance. 4. Do not be overbearing or aggressive with a know-it-all attitude.

5. Never be late for an interview. 6. Always have eye contact with the interviewer but do not stare

LESSON 2 War A Personality Test: Mark all the traits that you have.

()Analytical

( ) Energetic

()Expressive

()Being in control

( ) Humorous

()Persuasive

()Confident

( ) Supportive

()Optimistic

()Dedicated

( ) Creative

()Flexible

45

Based on your traits, select a job you think would be most suitable for you.

Manager

Businessman

Pilot

Teacher

Comedian

Others

Counsellor

、Asking For and Giving Advice

Useful expressions:

How do I...?

You should...

You must show that... Be able to...

You should apply...

You must...

What is the...?

Try to...

You have to...

It is...

Make sure that...

You should discuss...

Examples: 1. Q: How do I make a good impression at an interview?

A: You should be punctual, courteous and well groomed. 2. Q: What advice would you would give ajob seeker? A: K>w should take the initiative to find out all about the company that is offering the job.

Complete the sentences with appropriate expressions.

1. call up the human resource department to ask for job opportunities.

2. At the interview you

you have a genuine interest in the job.

3. only if you have the prerequisites for the job. 4. The nature of the work and the expectations of the new company are points. 5. Finally,you are dressed appropriately.

46

Unit 2

Practice Match the questions to the answers in the box below correctly. Then, practise speaking with a friend. a. b. c. d.

You should be able to cope with modern technology. Be positive and fnendly. Dress appropriately and be well prepared. Be willing to arm yourself with new skills and knowledge as the need arises. State that you are willing to undergo all required training and also take the opportunity to upgrade yourself.

1. How do I increase my chances of being successful in a job interview? 2. How do you upgrade yourself in your existing job? 3. I am going for an interview tomorrow. What is the most important advice you can give me?

4. How do I make good progress in my career?

We seek advicefrom others about what w should do or say. Sometimes, friends and even family members come to us to seek advice. What advice would you give in the following situations? 1. Your brother wants to work on an oil rig.

2. Your neighbour wants to earn some extra money. 3. Your classmates want to visit a Career Fair in your town.

Expressing Promises Useful expressions:

I promise to...

I / You will definitely...

You must keep your word.

Will you be able to...

I certainly will...

Read the statements and choose the best options to indicate making a promise.

1. If I get this job, I promise to A. do my best. B. try to be punctual. C. do everything by myself through trial and error.

2. What are the fringe benefits if I join this company? A. Your basic salary is RM1500. B. Your expenses are tax deductable. C. You and your immediate family will get free medical treatment. 3. What happens if I face difficulties in the new job? A. You should work hard to overcome them. B. Don't worry, we will help you. C. I don't think there will be any difficulties.

4. How do I cope with change? A. There will be training sessions to acquire new skills. B. Avoid all innovations. C. You should welcome change, not resist it. 5. I have to write a letter of application for the job. A. I will post it for you. B. Be fast about it. C. You must include a photograph.

Unit 2

Read thefollowing conversations aloud. Underline the expressions that indicate expressing promises.

Conversation 1 Kwang

:I gave my word. I will be going to her party.

Ching Mah

:Yes, I promised to go too. How will you be going?

Kwang

:I will be driving there.

Ching Mah

:Will you be able to give me a lift?

Kwang

:Sure, I will pick you up at 6 p.m.

Ching Mah

:Great! I will be ready by then.

Conversation 2

Eric

:I am going to marry Jessie one day.

Patrick

:Are you serious?

Eric

:I certainly am. I have never met a girl I want to spend the rest of my life with.

Patrick

:Guess what? I can see that you will definitely be with her just as you say.

Eric

:I have promised her that we would get married when we are ready.

Patrick

:Have you told her that? Well, you must keep to your word.

49 ■ I

You are planning to go out for the evening. Your mother has made you promise a few things. Create a dialogue between the two of you focusing on expressing promises. You may use the following pointers in your dialogue. Pointers: -curfew -drinking and driving -behaviour

Discussion What do you think is the importance of the following? 1. vocational training

2. leadership camps

3. team building sessions 4. career talks

5. professional development workshops

it 2

Warp-up "%〃 never get a second chance to make the first impression." In a few years5 time, once you've completed your secondary as well as your tertiary education, it will be time for you to venture out into the working world.

It is highly likely that you will have to attend interviews once you have sent in your applications and resumes. First impressions are important. Your interviewer will put you through a series of questions that will test your intellect and character. What questions do you think will be asked?

Place the following questions in the correct boxes.

1. How long will the probation period be?

5. Why do you want this job?

2. Where have you worked before?

6. May I know the working hours?

3. What are your expectations of this career?

7. Who will be my supervisor?

4. May I know how much will I be paid?

8. Why did you leave your last job?

Questions asked by interviewer

Questions asked by interviewee

51

Read-On Read the following article.

The Black Unicorn

Today was the day of an important interview. I had done my best to be prepared. Last

weekend, Sally, Mei Mei and I had gone shopping in Midvalley. I had picked out the perfect

outfit. A pretty floral print blouse and a crisp knee-length skirt. It was an appropriate combination of the creative and professional, I felt. After all, I was applying for the position of an artistic content researcher at a well-known advertising company. I wanted to make a good first impression.

I had ironed my new clothes the night before and hung them up on a hook on the back of the door. The leather pumps I had borrowed from Shaleen, my sister, were polished and shiny. I had been up since 4 am, going over the material I had prepared in anticipation of the questions that would be thrown at me. The Black Unicorn Agency only took in the cream

of the crop. As a fresh graduate, my chances were slim. Still, I was determined. I would

have the opportunity to work with one of the greatest advertising minds of the generation,

Jimmy Boo.

I had spent two days going through their website. I knew everything there was to know about the agency. The year they had been established 一 1967. The number of awards they

52

Unit 2 won in the past year - seventeen. I had memorised the names of all their important clients. Oh, I was prepared.

I spent an hour in the shower, using my mother's best shower gel. I smelled fruity. I put on my clothes and makeup. Finishing this off with a hint of perfume, I looked at my reflection in the mirror. Perfect, I thought. If it -were up to me, I'd hire you in a heartbeat. I felt Hke a proud mother sending her firstborn off to his first day in school. I slipped the leather shoes into a plastic bag and put on a pair of canvas shoes. I did not want to get them dirty, as I had to rely on public transport. Soon, however, I would be able to afford a car and there would be no need for me to walk to the train or bus sta^on. It took 40 minutes for the train to arrive. It was delayed as usual. Luckily, I had anticipated this, and left early from my home. There were no empty seats, so I had to stand. I reached the agency with time to spare. I walked confidently through the sliding glass doors, and confirmed my appointment with the receptionist at the counter. She told me to wait in the lobby, which I did. I sat slowly, careful not to crease my clothes. I checked my appearance once more in the little compact mirror I carried everywhere with me. I gave a final look through the material on the agency I had printed out.

"Mr Boo is ready to see you." I looked up. The pretty receptionist beckoned me forward. I gave her my winning smile. After all, we were soon going to be colleagues and I did not want to antagonise anyone. Besides, I hoped she would not report me whenever my boyfriend, David, called the office. I walked through well-lit corridors, trailing behind the receptionisfs sashaying skirt. Everyone was so well-dressed. / would fit right 加，I thought smugly. Finally, she stopped before a door and knocked politely twice. I thanked her and entered the office. Before me he sat, the great Jimmy Boo.

"Come in. Have a seat," he said with a warm smile. He looked much smaller in person. There were tired lines under his eyes and a hint of grey in his hair. Far from the intimidating, domineering presence that I had expected, I began to feel a little more at ease. This was not going to be that tough.

"So, June Lee. Let me have a look at your resume."

I gulped. I knew there was something I had forgotten. A feeling of dread ran through my spine. I felt a bead of sweat drip down my face. I squirmed in my seat and smiled weakly back at him. He was not impressed.

The following definitions are of words printed in bold in the passage above. Identify them.

1. showing skill and good judgment that is expected from a person trained to do a job well

2. group of people bom / living in the same period 3. strong, rough type of cloth 4. foresaw or expected 5. small fold in the surface of clothing 6. a facial expression in which the corners of the mouth curve upwards

7. associate in a profession

8. a passageway into which compartments or rooms appear. 9. able to frighten, make someone timid and afraid 10. row of connected bones down the middle of the back

Unit 2

Read the article carefully and choose the most appropriate meaningfor each word or phrase printed in BOLD. 1. ... a well-known (line 5) advertising company. A. common B. reputable C. famous D. popular

2. As A. B. C. D.

a fresh graduate, my chances were slim, (line 11) This implies it was more difficult for me to get a job. it was almost impossible to get the right qualifications. it was less competitive for graduates. I should work harder.

3. ...with a hint (line 19) of perfume... A. dab C. smell

B. suggestion D. fragrance

4. ... reached the Agency with time to spare, (line 27) A. on the dot B. leisurely C. early D. after the proper time 5. / wouldfit right in. (line 37) This line means A. I am always well groomed. B. I also dress smartly. C. I would not be out of place. D. I dress in a stylish manner sometimes.

Answer the questions below.

1. i. Who is the narrator? ii. What job is she applying for? iii. Give the name of the company she is going to for an interview.

2. i. Give the meanings of the following: a. 'f〃e cream of the crop' b. (my chances were slim' ii. June felt that her chances of being offered a position in the company were very slim. Why?

.55

3. June Lee had to rely on public transport to get to the interview because A. she did not know how to drive. B. she could not go with her friends. C. it was too far to walk. D. she did not have a car. 4. Which of the following shows that this is the writer's first interview? A. She took great pains to be prepared for the interview. B. She was very worried. C. She did not check her resume. D. She did not get help from others.

5. i. Who is Jimmy Boo? ii. Give a brief description of his appearance. 6. i. At the start of the interview, why did the narrator squirm in her seat? ii. What do you think happened after this? Why?

^^)Now that you have read the article and answered all the questions

above, draw a mind map about the importance of making a good first impression during interviews.

56

it 2

Warp-up Summarise the sentences. 1. I had ironed my new clothes the night before and hung them up on a hook. 2. I gave her my most winning smile.

3. I felt a bead of sweat drip down my face.

Summary Skills In writing a summary, we only include points that are relevant to the topic/question.

Example: The Benefits of Trees

Trees are the lungs of the environment. They take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen. They provide shade and also cool the atmosphere. They add to the beauty of the surroundings. Moreover, they also prevent the topsoil from being washed away. They may get uprooted during a storm.

The last sentence is irrelevant because it is not a benefit of trees.

Pick out the irrelevant point.

The Bonsai Tree

This ancient form of growing miniature trees and plants in containers or pots dates back to around 200 AD. Although it started in China, it was made popular by Japan. The frangipani is a beautiful flower. When growing bonsai, the key to success is pruning. The Wine Grape Bonsai tree can bear delicious grapes that are edible. It is a pleasant hobby.

57

ice Read each extract and then choose the sentences that BEST summarises the extract. I had ironed my new clothes the night before and hung them up on a hook on the back of the door. The leather pumps I had borrowed from Shaleen, my sister, were polished and shiny. I had been up since 4 am, going over the material I had prepared in anticipation of the questions that would be thrown at me. The Black Unicorn Agency only took in the cream of the crop. As a fresh graduate, my chances were slim. Still, I was determined. I would have the opportunity to work with one of the greatest advertising minds of his generation, Jimmy Boo.

A. B. C. D.

The writer took great pains with her dressing. The writer made sure she was well prepared. The agency was the best advertising company around. The writer was among the best in the field.

I had spent two days going through their website. I knew everything there was to lenow about the agency. The year they had been established - 1967. The number of awards they had won in the past year - seventeen. I had memorised the names of all their important clients by heart. Oh, I was prepared.

A. B. C. D.

The agency was a well established one. The writer took all the necessary steps and was confident. The writer did a background search of the company. The writer has a good memory.

I looked up. The pretty receptionist beckoned me forward. I gave her my most winning smile. After all, we were soon going to be colleagues and I did not want to antagonise anyone. Besides, I hoped she would not report me whenever my boyfiriend, David, called the office.

A. B. C. D.

I tried to make a good impression. The receptionist was very pretty and efficient. I expected David to call me at the office. I wanted to be in the good books of the receptionist.

Read the article on pages 52-54 carefully once more. Summarise the story in chronological order in not more than 150 words,

58

it 2

Thesis Statement and Topic Sentences In writing a composition, you should organise your information in a clear and comprehensive way.

Begin with an Introduction or Thesis Statement. The thesis statement states clearly what the composition is about.

For the content, use paragraphs for each point, starting with the most important point.

The steps for each paragraph can be in the following way. - Write out or state the main idea. / Topic sentence. - Elaborate on the main idea. / Supporting details. - Give your own opinion or comment on this point. / Concluding sentence.

Example: Thesis statement - The workforce of the future will be quite different from the present.

Topic sentence - Multi-skilled workers will be very much in demand in the future. Supporting details - The workers need to be versatile and be able to adapt quickly to change. They should be willing to leam new skills and Icnowledge to handle more complex tasks. They should also have the necessary analytical and problem-solving skills and be able to make prompt and prudent decisions.

Concluding sentence - Thus, new staff development programmes should be carried out to prepare workers for the future.

Look at the two sentences below and identify the thesis statement and the topic sentence.

1. The core responsibilities of IT programmers are writing, testing and maintaining computer programmes.

2. Computer programming is a very demanding job.

59

Write a thesis statement based on the topic sentences below.

1. Time dedicated to education is time truly well spent, because it determines a person's future, and therefore the future of the family and of the whole of society.

2. When I look at the tall trees, I am intrigued not so much by their proud, strong boughs as by their humble, concealed roots.

Write a topic sentence for the paragraphs below.

1. An old man who was about to die called his sons to his bedside to give them each his last bit of advice. He handed to the eldest a bundle of sticks and said, "Break it" Each son in turn attempted to break the bundle of sticks and failed. Then the father untied the bundle and handed each son a single stick, which easily broke. "You see my meaning,?, said the father. When we work together with others, when each of us does his job, we can do much more, and we are stronger than any one team member can be alone. So be a team member, it pays.

2. What enables people to know more than their ancestors is that they start with the knowledge of what their ancestors have already learnt. They are able to do advanced experiments which increase laiowledge because they do not have to repeat the elementary experiments. It is past knowledge which brings them to the point where advanced experiments are possible. This is tradition. This is the reason a society can be progressive only if it conserves its traditions.

Project Set up an exhibition on careers for your school. Work in teams to put up pictures and information on the different jobs available.

Examples: -flight engineer

-photographer

-event organiser

-eco tourism resort operator

it 2

Warm-up A phrase is a group of words which does not contain a verb. A clause is a group of words which contains a subject and a verb. Phrase the apple tree the girl in blue jeans

Clause the tree that has apples the girl who wears blue jeans

Noun phrases and clauses do the work of nouns. They take the place of nouns in a sentence and can be before or after a verb. They answer the question what.

Noun Phrases and Clauses A Noun Phrase is a group of words with a noun used in order to indicate a person, thing or quality. This phrase can be replaced by someone or something. A Noun Clause contains a subject and an independent verb and does the work of a noun. It is usually introduced by that or what, who, where, why etc. 1. Noun phrases and noun clauses are used mainly

a) as the subject of a verb. - How to live a healthy lifestyle is an important topic. (Noun phrase)

- How the runner managed to win the race was amazing. (Noun clause) b) as the object of the verb.

-Tell me about yo 〃厂 best friend. (Noun phrase) -She admitted that she did not know the answer. (Noun clause) c) as complement of the verbs 'is'Jare'Jwas', 'were'Jseem', 'appear', etc.

-He is /。he appointed as the head boy. (Noun phrase) -It appears that the closing date is tomorrow. (Noun clause)

61

2. A noun phrase or noun clause of manner is introduced by the word 'how'.

-Do you know how to sing this song? (Noun phrase) -Do you know 〃ow we should sing this song? (Noun clause)

3. A noun phrase or noun clause of place is introduced by the word 'where'.

-Please tell us where to buy some fruits. (Noun phrase) -Please tell us -where we can buy some fruits. (Noun clause)

4. A noun phrase or noun clause of time is introduced by the word 'when'. - Do you know -when to start your work? (Noun phrase) - Do you know when you must start your wor左？ (Noun clause)

Common Errors 1. The basketball match is cancelled is news that is not true. (X) The news that the basketball match is cancelled is not true, (d) 2. Mary asked me where I buying my book. (X) Mary asked me where I bought my book, (d)

Underline the Noun Phrases in the following sentences.

1. She remembers reading about the movie. 2. The man seems to be limping.

3. The teacher gave the students a lot of exercises. 4. He hoped for a favourable reply.

5. They overheard the guests complimenting the food and service.

62

Unit 2 Underline the Noun Clauses in the following sentences.

1. The little child realised that her doll was beside her. 2. Please tell us where we can buy some electrical items. 3. Do you know how to make this dessert? 4. How the rabbit escaped no one knows.

5. It seems that the bus is already full.

Study the sentences below and mark which has a Noun Phrase (NP) or a Noun Clause (NC).

1.

The durians over there are to be sold.

( )

2.

We watched where the books were kept.

( )

3.

Why the driver speeds dangerously is beyond me.

( )

4.

The tailor completed the outfit before the due date.

( )

5.

The teacher briefed the students on how to carry out the experiment.

( )

Change the Noun Clauses (in bold) into phrases. 1. The manager has to handle tasks which are complex. 2. I am unable to accept the excuse that she gave. 3. David played with the puppy that was so adorable. 4. He remembered that he saw her at the party.

5. We all heard the singing that was very loud.

63

Complete the following sentences by adding a Noun Clause. Use the word(s) given.

1. Jane wrote. (happy) 2. The coach spoke frankly. (mistakes made)

3. The student always listens to. (teacher tells) 4. It is possible. (champion house)

5. The fact

did not worry the trekkers. (late)

6. His birthday wish is. (driving licence) 7. The news

worried his parents very much, (ill)

8. amused everyone, (jokes)

9. This is not. (discussed)

10. Everyone is happy. (holiday)

64

'Jnit 2

Diphtl oil

boy

noise

toil

enjoy

voice

coin

annoy

rejoice

spoil

buoy

poise

ointment

royal

oyster

ice

Listen to your teacher pronounce the above words which have the/oi/ sound and then repeat them. Notice the spelling of the words with the /oi/ sound.

Read aloud the following phrases and sentences with the /oi/ sound. boiled oyster

loyal employee

choice loin

oily ointment

noisy toys

moist soil

1. The boy enjoys listening to Joyce's voice.

2. Avoid overboiling the oysters in hot oil. 3. Old Oi Lin was asked to point to the moist soil.

4. The lawyer, in a low voice, asked for a coin but instead got a coil! 5. The employer was annoyed when she put the soya beans next to the toilet.

65

Get into groups " five. Chant the following pyramid drills, at first slowly and then faster. 1.

joints noisy joints avoids noisy joints

Joyce avoids noisy joints

2. oysters poisoned oysters

destroyed poisoned oysters employees destroyed poisoned oysters

Loyal employees destroyed poisoned oysters

it 2

Preparing a Job Application Letter, Resume and Personal Statement A letter of application for a job would include the following: • A cover letter. This tells the reader some details about your application i.e. the job applied for, and also gives the potential employer a brief introduction to the applicant. • Your resume. This gives relevant information about the applicant. It includes personal bio data, academic and co curricular records as well as testimonials as to achievements and exemplar character. • Your personal statement. This is usually for overseas jobs or study applications. Here you give your selling points or compelling reasons to convince the reader that you are truly motivated and prepared towards achieving success. In your letter of application, the language you use must be formal and suited to the purpose of applying for the job. Your letter must be clear and precise. State your main points clearly in bold and underlined. Use an appropriate tone - always be courteous and finally check your letter to make sure there are no errors or omissions, especially a contact number or address.

You are applying for a job that was recently advertised in the local newspaper. Write a cover letter for your application based on the advertisement below. HOTEL RECEPTIONIST needed in Genting Highlands luxury hotel. Please contact: 012 244 3433 Ms Mani.

67

Nextfill in the details for your resume. CURRICULUM VITAE

PHOTO

NAME ADDRESS

E-mail Tel

MALAYSIA

Date of birth :— Nationality :_____________ Marital Status :_____________

Educational Background

COLLEGE QUALIFICATION

From

to

SCHOOL QUALIFICATION

From

to

From

to

Professional Experiences

NAME OF COMPANY POSITION Language Skills

1. 2. Computer Skills

1. 2.

68

Unit 2 Other Achievements

1. 2. 3. References

NAME

POSITION

ADDRESS

Tel________________

Write a personal statement that highlights your strengths and achievements and gives a favourable impression to the potential employer. You may use the following questions to help you. 1. What makes you unique or different from other applicants?

2. What attracts you to this career? What do you expect to get out of it? 3. When did you first become interested in this career?

4. Did some teachers, mentors, writers or books influence you? How? 5. How has your school/college/academic experience prepared you for this career? 6. What research have you done for this career? What did you learn from it?

7. What non-academic experiences contributed to your choice of this career? (work, voluntary work, family) 8. Do you have specific career plans? How does this job relate to them?

9. What further education or training are you interested in? 10. What is the most important thing you want the selection committee to know about you?

introduce yourself. So, use the questions to give

a comprehensive and positive first impression of your strengths and achievements.

69

1.

academic (adj)

related to education

mengenai pengajian

学术

2.

achievements (n)

success by skill or effort

kejayaan

成就

3.

anticipate (v)

look forward to

menjangka

期望

4.

appropriate (adj)

suitable

sesuai

合适

5.

briefed (v)

explained

menjelaskan

解释

6.

burden (n)

hardship

beban

负担

7.

canvas (adj)

cloth

kain tebal

帆布

8.

challenging (adj)

stimulating

mencabar

挑战性的

9.

compliment (n)

praise

memuji

赞扬

10. contemporary (adj)

present

semasa

当代

11. convenience (n)

ease

kemudahan

便利

12. coordinated (v)

facilitated

menyelaraskan

协调

13. employment (n)

work

keija

工作

14. enthusiasm (n)

spirit

semangat

热情

15. environment (n)

surrounding

kawasan sekeliling

环境

16. establishment (n)

company

perbadanan

公司

17. expectations (n)

hopes

harapan

期望

18. experiment (v)

try

mencuba

实验

19. eye contact (n)

look into the eye

memandang

目光接触

20. firstborn (n)

eldest

sulung

21. flexibility (n)

adapt easily

mudah diubah

长子 弹性

22. genuine (adj)

true

tulen

真实

23. innovations (n)

changes

pembaharuan

创新

24. liability (n)

burden

tanggungan

负担

25. memorised (v)

learn by heart

menghafal

背熟

26. nationality (n)

citizenship

kewarganegaraan

国籍

27. personnel (n)

workforce

kakitangan

员工

28. potential (adj)

future

bakal

有潜质的

29. proficiency (n)

fluency

mahir

精通

30. receptionist (n)

a person working at the

penyambut tetamu

接待员

reception 31. respond (v)

reply

menjawap

回答

32. shortlisted (adj)

chosen

dipilih

入围

33. skills (n)

know-how

kemahiran

技能

34. terminating (v)

ending

berhenti

停止

35. testimonials (n)

statement of character and

surat yang mengandungi

奖状

qualifications

keterangan watak dan

kelulusan

70

Unit 2 36.

trial and error (phrase)

by experimenting

percubaan

尝试

37.

uprooted (adj)

removed

mencabut

连根拔起

38.

versatile (adj)

able to adapt

cekap dalam berbagai

多才多艺

lapangan 39.

vocational (adj)

relating to employment

mengenai perkeijaan

职业的

40.

wrinkle (v)

fold

mengedutkan

使皱

W❿AL侬Ii「 Vandalism Adjectival Phrases and C Diphthong /es/ Terms Related to Vandal

O。。。

06 000

LESSON 1 Unscramble these letters.

1. dalvans

2. gafitfir

3. cemedefant

4. ayinsprg

5. cpritul

Listening for Main Ideas In listening for the main points in a text, there are certain steps to follow:

1. Listen carefully to the heading and the text.

2. Make notes of the main points or ideas which are usually the key words and expressions. 3. The main ideas help us understand the text.

4. They can be elaborated by supporting ideas. 5. Do not include minor points in your notes.

Example: Notes of key points

Vandalism is the intentional destruction or defacement of property that is not one's own. Intentional means the vandals are aware of what they are doing and have a malicious intent to cause damage and loss. Examples are found all over the world. Artistic symbols painted by American Indians had endured for 1,000 years in the northwest end of Red Rock Canyon until recently, when vandals in just a few minutes marred the Aztec sandstone panels with maroon spray paint.

Vandals have also threatened the safety of the residents by tampering with fire hydrants. Two fire hydrants in Port Hardy were wrenched open on Halloween night and drained the reservoir to just six hours' water supply before they could be located and closed. These vandals are threatening the safety in the community. This is a very unhappy and very costly situation. All water is processed and we pay for that.

Unit 3

Notes:

1. Vandalism - definition - intentional damage of another ?s property

2. Examples: -1,000 year old Aztec cultural work damaged by spray painting.

-Fire hydrants tampered with compromising the safety of residents and incurring great financial loss.

Look at the text below and complete the notes of the main ideas.

Judi and her friends laughed hilariously as they came to the public phone at the corner of the road. It was the era of the mobile phones and each had a shiny, slinky hand phone in her pocket and the sight of the old red phone in its small kiosk, struck them as ludicrous. In a mindless burst of lunacy, Judi took the wad of chewing gum from her mouth and pushed it into the coin slot beside the receiver. And the group walked on almost collapsing from their laughter.

It was a week later that Judi's little sister was walking home along the same road. Suddenly a white, delivery van laden with bags of ice cubes, swerved out of control and the horror of horrors, ploughed into her. She was pinned under the vehicle, almost lifeless.

The passersby came to help. Someone even tried to call for the ambulance but the nearby public phone was out of order. Precious minutes were lost and so was an innocent life...

Notes 1. Judi and her friends found the sight of the public phone very funny.

2. Judi, crazy enough to 3. A week later, her 4. Help could not. 5. Public phone not working.

it.

by a van.

Listen to the interview between Richard and Ginger. Identify the main ideas you have listened to in the text. Main Ideas -

1.

2. 3.

4.

Choose the correct answers. 1. The vandalism committed was the (a)of the school hall. The walls

outside were (b)with graffiti. The walls of the school toilets had

(c)and suggestive drawings, (scribblings, covered, damaging) 2. Miss Ginger gave a (a)warning to the students for vandalising school property. They have been told many times that this is a (b)offence. The school outhorities even held talks on vandalism and invited (c)police

officers to speak on the topic, (serious, stern, some)

3. The student will be expelled from school (a)and appeals from the

parents would not help. However, if it is a (b)offence, the student will be issued a warning letter and if he or she receives the second letter, they will be punished (c). (instantly, accordingly, minor)

76

Unit 3

LESSON 2 Ifyou had f。speak about your family, w〃" are the points you would include?

Names? Relationships? Likes, Dislikes? Hobbies? Ambition? These are the key points or main points.

Listening for Key Points When we listen for key points or main points, we leave out details, examples and illustrations. Sometimes we have to rephrase the sentences so that we give a general term for similar details.

Examples: 1. The man sells rice, milk, oil, flour and soap.

The man sells groceries. 2. Irresponsible students also leave the water running or clog up the sink causing minor floods in the toilets.

Irresponsible students commit vandalism.

Listen to the views of the two speakers and complete the main points of their comments in the space below, Use the words from the list Main Points Sarimah

Nisha

1. Vandalism in__________ .

3. vandalism of__________ .

2. __________ of vandalism

4. __________ of this

parks

schools examples effects

77

Choose the correct option. 1. Sarimah said students commit vandalism when they. A. wilfully deface or damage the property of others B. take care of the property of others

C. rebuild the damaged property of others

2. The areas that are normally targeted in schools are. A. living room, porch, patio B. toilets, classrooms, school grounds

C. parks, skating rinks

3. Parks are places for. A. people to sleep B. relaxation and recreation C. people to argue

4. The public has complained about vandalism in parks but these

offences

are still happening. A. serious B. unusual C. pathetic

5. Who spent a lot of time and money repairing the damage by vandals at public

areas? A. Students. B. The community. C. Government, private sector and city councils.

78

‘加士3

LESSON 1 Wa.，up Match the expressions with the correct meanings.

Meanings

Expressions 1. do's and don'ts

，

•

a. to change for the better

2. to see red

,

・

b. rules and regulations

3. bad company

“

9

c. to be very angry

4. caught red handed

j

d

d. to be in serious trouble

5. to be in hot soup

u

・

e. to suffer the consequences of one's actions

6. to face the music

。

U

f. caught doing something wrong

7. to turn over a new leaf

j

•

g. friends who are not of good character

Talking about Vandalism Use the information on page 80 to complete the following mind map.

DEFINITION

CONSEQUENCES 1.

◄------

VANDALISM

-------►

EXAMPLES 1.

2.

2.

3.

3. CAUSES 1. 2.

3.

-graffiti on the walls -can cause discomfoit to other users - waste of money and resources

-destruction of playground equipment -a lack of a sense of responsibility -defacement of signs -the intentional destruction of public property -it may also be harmful -an expression of discontent, regret, pain, censure, resentment

©

Useful expressions:

How do you define vandalism? sWhat are ...?

80

Vandalism can be defined as ... Some common examples of vandalism are ...

Where do you usually ...

We usually see this on ...

Please list...

The main causes of vandalism are ...

Give some effects or consequences of...

The consequences of vandalism are ...

Unit 3

Talk to your class about vandalism. You can use the points below. Causes of vandalism

How to curb vandalism

• rowdy group misbehavior

• role of parents and teachers • law enforcement

• for revenge • boredom

LESSON 2 Warm^up Match the information with the correct situations.

{ Situations .

.nformation .

1. Look right, look left, then look to the right again.

2.

」

Give your seat tosomeone who 」

■ a. In the library.

。b. Crossing a road.

needs it more.

3.

Keep away from children.

」

j c. Ina train.

4.

Please queue.

•

■ d. Be considerate of others.

5.

Silence please.

J

」 e. Medication harmful to children.

Example: When we are crossing the road, we must look right, look left, then look to the right again. I feel this is a good habit and in this way we will be safe and thus avoid any mishaps on the

road.

81

nd Advice

Giving Opini

Useful expressions:

In my opinion...

It is advisable to...

I believe that...

You should/not...

It is better to ...

Do not...

Conversation Jill

: In my opinion, it is more convenient to use public transport in the cities.

John

: Yes, the trains and buses are regular and fast. However it is advisable to give yourself enough time for travelling.

Jill

: Yes, sometimes there are delays.

John

: I believe our trains are the cleanest.

Jill

: But sometimes the seats are damaged and I have to stand for a long time.

John

: That must be the work of the vandals. It is advisable to take proper care of public property and we should report anyone wilfully damaging it.

Jill

: It is better to use the services and facilities in a responsible way, otherwise others

may not be able to use them. Besides, the authorities will have to spend more on maintenance. John

: Yes I agree and we must not allow the culprits to go free.

Unit 3

Role play the conversation below between Alec, Mika and Antonio with “o ofyour classmates. Underline the phrases that offer opinions and advice.

力

Alec

: Hi guys, in my opinion, vandalism has increased in our neighbourhood. Don't you agree with me?

Antonio: Yes I agree with you. I was jogging the other day and I was thinking the same thing. I was wondering how people can stoop so low as to destroy things. Mika

: I believe it is because they do not value or appreciate what have been given to them.

Alec

: I think we need to conduct a campaign to create awareness on vandalism. Are you with me on this?

Antonio: It is a good idea. But you need to keep in mind, not everyone will support you. Mika

: I agree with Antonio. You will need to come up with a campaign that doesn't target anyone specifically.

Alec

: I agree with you. I must approach this tactfully.

Antonio: In my opinion, it is best to approach Mr Ben, our principal for guidance. Mika

: I agree with Antonio.

Alex

: Great, let5s go and see if he is free to talk to us.

Use the expressions above to speak to a friend about the way w should behave at the zoo. You may use the points below. 1. Do not feed the animals. Reasons.

2. Do not tease the monkeys. Reason. 3. Keep young children under constant supervision. Reason.

4. Do not go too close to the cages. Reason. 5. Your own point. Reason.

83

and Anger

Expressing Di Function

Language Form

Explanation

To express disgust

1. Yuck! There is chewing gum stuck on this seat. 2. Oh, no! The telephone booth has been damaged again. I am so fed up of these vandals.

To show a strong feeling of dislike or annoyance caused by an unpleasant or irresponsible act.

3. Ugh! I am sick and tired of To show that one strongly people drawing graffiti in the disapproves of something. lifts.

To express anger

1. This is too much! You fool! 2. What a nuisance this is! 3. How dare you! I am not going to tolerate such nonsense!

To show one is angry by using harsh words, calling people names or threatening them.

Complete each of the conversations below by selecting the best answer from the options A, 3, C and D according to the functions stated. 1. Will: What's the matter, Fred? You don't look your happy self.

Fred: Will: Why what happened?

Fred: I finally managed to get the History revision book but the important pages have been torn out and other pages had rubbish written all over them. It really put me in a foul mood because I needed the book to prepare for the coming examination.

To express anger

A. Yes, I am not happy. B. I just blew my top!

C. Have you ever been frustrated? D. Someone damaged the book I wanted to borrow.

Unit 3 2. Kate :.

Rina : Yes they have really turned this bus stop into a terrible place. Kate : I wish people could be more considerate of others.

To express disgust A. Help! I don't like all these writings on the wall. B. Oh, No! Someone has defaced the walls of the new bus stop. C. Ugh! Look at all these graffiti and spray painting!

D. Well! Some people think they are so creative!

For each underlined statement below, select A9 B, C or D to indicate its function. 1. Mr Chai You

Mr Chai

:I am aghast at what happened to a teacher's car yesterday.

:Yes it is bad that someone scratched the car and broke the windshield wipers.

:We will have a special assembly to speak to the students about this disgraceful act that will give our school a bad name.

A. To express shock.

C. To express grief B. To express anger.

D. To express disgust. 2. Ali Mr Tan Ali

:I had a problem driving to Kg. Bagus yesterday. :Did you? But you had been there before.

:Yes, many months ago. But now, someone had vandalized the road sign and I took the wrong road. I wasted one hour! I am sick and

tired of these rascals. A. To express disgust.

C. To express dismay. B. To express sadness.

D. To express anger.

85

Share with your classmates your understanding on vandalism and discuss with the class the

most frequent acts of vandalism you read in the papers or watch on TV daily. Vandalism is actually a wilful behaviour or act of destruction or damaging of anything beautiful or functional. It includes graffiti on walls, defacement and damage to public

property.

Now, discuss with the class, who is at the losing end of vandalism? Is it the government or private sectors or you as a user?

it 3

Warm-up Vandals leave their mark everywhere - graffiti on walls, broken equipment in playgrounds, phone booths with receivers and coin boxes missing. While many countries continue to punish offenders, others have taken a more holistic approach. Blank walls are provided for graffiti artists. Thus, people have an avenue to channel their frustrations or latent creativity.

Example:

Use the space below to express yourselfgraphically.

87

KUALA LUMPUR: In the

nation's first high profile case of vandalism, police

duo had carefully cut a hole in the fence and entered the Serdang Keretapi Tanah

have

arrested an Irish national, Neil Gilligan

Melayu Berhad (KTMB) platform at two o'clock in the

for trespassing as well as and damaging public property. His

morning of July 28th, 2010.

defacing

accomplice, John Hughes, has fled to his home country, Australia. Using wire-cutters, the

They had then proceeded to smear the entire place with red paint and turn over the

"It's

not

unusual

for

youngsters to come and draw

graffiti everywhere but this is just too much!” Station manager Encik Dahlan bin

Sudin had fumed when we interviewed him back then.

workers were shocked when they reported for work the next

Indeed, local authorities had dismissed the incident as the work of neighbourhood youth who had gotten out of

morning.

hand. The fence was repaired

benches.

KTMB

Unit 3 and the station repainted.

national who is currently in

Additional security guards

the country illegally.

were deployed and security cameras installed.

A net-sawy citizen however came forward with

a video he had found on video-sharing social website YouTube, having recognised the Serdang station. In the clip which ran for

Gilligan had hired a renowned defence attorney, Ranjit Singh of Ranjit, Chua & Co to plead his

idea to vandalize the train station. He also claimed that it was Hughes who had done the damage while Gilligan recorded. Gilligan was apparently unaware that Hughes was going to go so far. He had been under the

case. When approached for comments this morning, the

impression that they were

lawyer was adamant that

merely going to leave a

his client was not a thug.

message on the station wall.

approximately 14 minutes,

"All Gilligan wanted

Ranjit was asked about

a man dressed in black was seen thrashing the place

to do was to show people how lax security was. The public needs to be aware so that they can be on constant

the fact that the person

while his companion filmed

him. The police managed to track down Gilligan,

alert," Ranjit said.

recording the video could be heard to be egging on the vandal captured on film. He was quick to rebut.

using his YouTube account, through

which

he

had

uploaded the video under the username, Leprechaun72.

When

interviewed,

"The audio quality of

members of the public were not so convinced.

the clip is extremely poor.

A quick search showed

"Look at the person

that Gilligan, 29, and Hughes, 26, were employed by two different multi­

in that video! These are not socially conscious individuals. They're simply

national corporations with

two rich expatriates with

branches in Kuala Lumpur.

too much free time on their hands, looking for thrills out

Gilligan had been in the country for almost 2 years, while Hughes had been

of boredom,n housewife S.

Kavitha, 34 retorted when asked about the arrest.

here a mere 3 months. The duo had met through a female acquaintance who had also been detained for questioning. Sources

perpetrator.

claimed that she is a Chinese

him, it had been Hughes'

Ranjit maintained that his client was not the main

According to

It is easy to make such imaginative interpretations but let us not jump to conclusions. I maintain that my client was not tlie bad guy here,” he said.

When contacted, both the Irish Consulate as well as the Australian High Commission refused to comment on the situation, stating that they were waiting for an official

report from the authorities. Hughes continued to update his Facebook, Twitter and

Blogger accounts, appearing

unremorseful for his acts.

"Hey, peeps (slang for people). I'm back. Letfs party!" his latest Face book

status update states.

If found guilty, Gilligan

could face up to 15 years in prison and/or fine up to

RM 100,000. The maximum punishment for trespassing is 10 years, while under the

recently passed Criminal Damage Act 2009, a person

property

belonging

to

another could be sentenced to up to 5 years in prison and/ or fined up to RM100,000 or the equivalent of the repairs/ replacements needed.

found guilty of defacing, damaging or destroying

♦

,ac^ntance.k convinced,

Look up the definitions of the following words and write dowx their meanings. 1. trespassing (line 6)

6. Leprechaun (line 58)

2. accomplice (line 9)

7. corporations (line 63)

3. fumed (line 31)

8. thug (line 83)

4. citizen (line 42)

9. conscious (line 95)

5. thrashing (line 51)

10. expatriates (line 97)

Read the newspaper report carefully and choose the most appropriate meaning for each word or phrase printed in BOLD. 1.

... arrested an Irish national... (line 5) A. citizen B. foreigner C. activist

D. criminal

Unit 3 2.

...hadfumed... (line 31) A. argued B. complained C. spoken angrily D. smoked while speaking

3.

...who had gotten out of hand, (lines 36-37)

A. worked hand in hand B. worked openly

C. used their hands D. gotten out of control

4.

...he was adamant (line 82) that his client was not a thug. A. insistent B. sure C. angry

D. persistent 5. Letfsparty! (lines 145-146) A. Let us sing and dance! B. Let us celebrate together!

C. Let's enjoy ourselves!

D. Let's invite others!

Based on the newspaper report, answer the questions that follow. All answers must be in complete sentences. 1. In your opinion, what made this a 'high profile5 case? 2. What actions were taken by the local authorities after the act of vandalism? 3. a. Who did the local authorities initially think were the culprits? b. How did the police discover the perpetrators?

4. 'All Gilligan wanted to do was show people how lax security was.' Who said these words? A. Kavita B. Hughes C. Ranjit D. The writer

91

5. Which of the following is not one of the reasons put forward by Ranjit in defence of Gilligan? A. Gilligan was merely trying to educate the public and show authorities that they needed to intensify security. B. There had been an invasion of privacy by using evidence from the YouTube.

C. Gilligan was unaware that Hughes intended to create such extensive destruction.

D. Hughes was the main perpetrator, not Gilligan.

Based on the newspaper report, indicate if the following statements are true (T) or false (F). 1.

Gilligan and Hughes worked together in a corporation in Kuala Lumpur.

( )

2.

A Malaysian woman of Chinese ethnicity was being held for questioning.

( )

3.

Local authorities initially thought it was the work of young people

( )

who lived around the area.

4.

The duo had written expletives on the wall of the station.

( )

5.

Gilligan could face up to 10 years in prison for trespassing.

( )

Warn>up Sherlock Holmes has asked you to help find the culprit who slashed many tree trunks and plants at a park. Look at the picture and solve the case.

Summary Skills When you do a summary of a narrative passage, there are certain points to remember. The passage may contain dialogues, descriptions and personal comments. You have to know what the main ideas or important points are, the supporting points that are relevant and

the unnecessary details. Finally, you must also understand the summary question and only include what is required in your summary.

93

Example: Using wire-cutters, the duo had carefully cut a hole in the fence and entered the Serdang Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad platform at two o'clock on tlie morning of July 28th, 2010. They had then proceeded to smear the entire place with red paint and turn over benches. KTMB workers were shocked when they reported for work in the morning. Summarise fA« acts of vandalism done to the station. Relevant points - Using wire-cutters, the duo had cut a hole in the fence and entered the

Serdang Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad platform. They smeared the entire place with red paint and turned over benches. Note that we leave out details of time and date because they are unnecessary details. We do not include the fact that the KTMB workers were shocked when they reported to work in the

morning because this is irrelevant to the question.

Read the n^spaper report on pages 88-90. Summarise the actions taken hy the authorities after the damage to the station.

Points to include

^^) Read each extract and then choose the sentence that BEST summarises

the extract. L

Using wire-cutters, the duo had carefully cut a hole in the fence and entered the Serdang Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad (KTMB) platfbnn at two o'clock

on the morning of July 28th, 2010. They had then proceeded to smear the entire

place with red paint and turn over benches. KTMB workers were shocked when they reported to work in the morning.

Unit 3 A. The two had vandalized the train station. B. The two caused a shocking incident at the station.

C. The station was unguarded.

D. The two were careful about what tliey did at the station.

A net-sawy citizen however came forward with a video he had found on video­

sharing social website YouTube, having recognised the Serdang station. In the clip which ran for approximately 14 minutes, a man dressed in black was seen thrashing the place while his companion filmed him. The police managed to track down Gilligan, using his YouTube account, through which he had uploaded the video under the username Leprechaun72.

A. The video was shot at the station. B. YouTube can help fight crime.

C. The police were helped by a concerned citizen.

D. A video on YouTube helped the police to trace the culprit.

"All Gilligan wanted to do was to show people how lax security was. The public

needs to be aware so that they can be on constant alert,” Ra可it said. A. Ranjit claimed that Gilligan could easily enter the unguarded station. B. Ranjit claimed that Gilligan breached security at the station.

C. Ranjit claimed that Gilligan wanted to prove that the place could be easily broken into.

D. Ranjit claimed that Gilligan just wanted the public to know the truth.

Read the newspaper report on pages 88-9〃 carefully once more. Summarise the events in chronological order in not more than 150 words.

lies Chronological order means according to the time sequence, that is what was first, next and finally done.

95

Writing the lll■■■■•■ and Clauses • Adjectival phrases and adjectival clauses do the work of an adjective. They describe noun or a pronoun. • An adjectival phrase is used after a noun to give more information about the noun. I does not have a finite verb.

Example： We walked to the museum made of bricks. • When an adjective phrase describes the subject of the sentence, it comes between the subject and the finite verb. The verb must agree with the subject

Examples: - This picture, drawn hy Picasso, is very valuable.

-Pictures, drawn by Picasso, are very valuable.

• An adjectival clause is a group of words that has a subject and de finite verb.

Example： We walked to the museum which w〃s made "bficks. • It may begin with who, which, that, whose, whom or where.

Underline the Adjectival Phrases. 1. She chose a gift suitable for a career woman. 2. The man red with anger, shouted very loudly. 3. The kingfisher resplendent in its glistening feathers, caught my eye. 4. The trekker skilful in climbing the difficult terrain was our guide. 5. We bought some flowers, fragrant and colourful.

Underline the Adjectival Clauses. 1. 2. 3. 4.

We live in Malaysia which is fast developing.

The dolphins which had streaked across the pool, disappeared after some time. We need social skills, which are important, in order to interact with others. Lifelong education is necessary in a world that is changing rapidly.

5. Daniel, who is aware of his responsibility towards those dependent on him, works very hard.

Fill in the blanks with suitable answers from the box、 sidetracked by the interruption similar in features

that are positive shown on television full of appreciation

1. The rivers were

intuitive of their feelings

made in Malaysia which is hollow vandalised by hooligans overflowing with water

after the downpour.

2. The benches at the park were. 3. We must invest time in building relationships,

4. The goods 5. The children are

are of a high quality. for their teachers.

6. They cook the rice in a bamboo. 7. The twins

are also equally brilliant.

Unit 3 8. They enjoyed the soap operas. 9. The discussion was

of the noisy agitators.

10. Their mother is very.

In each of the sentences below, four parts are underlined and lettered A, 5, C and O. One of these parts contains an error. Circle the letter indicating the error. 1. Heavy vehicles, such as a lorry or a bus, is not allowed on this lane. A B C D 2. As his pair of pants were old, a new pair of trousers was bought fh)m the store. A B C D 3. The lady misplaced her keys and her daughter found it in her bag. A B C D

4. A prankster he has caused a lot of mischief in that neighbourhood. A

BCD

5. The children are 鱼U of appreciations for their teachers.

ABC

D

6. The meeting was disrupted by the unruly and noise agitators. ABC D 7. Do not delay or the golden moments flew away fbrever. A B CD

Common Errors 1. I know the person who driving the car. (X) I know the person driving the car.(山

2. He has many cars are very expensive. (X) He has many cars that are very expensive. (Y)

101

、Diphth#ig /ee/

air

chair

stair

bare

rare

stare

square

flare

pear

swear

bear

there

where

their

prayer

Listen to your teacher pronounce the words above which have the /ea/ sound and then repeat them. Notice the different spellings of words having the /ee/sound.

Read aloud the following phrases and sentences with the/ee/sound. 1. Beware! There they are in the bear's lair.

2. If you care, just don't sit there and stare. 3. I swear I will say a prayer for the millionaire.

4. Avoid bearing a grudge and learn to share and care. 5. Mary said, "The prairie is a region famous for growing wheat and not pears."

Unit 3 Listen to your teacher read the following pairs of words and then put 〃 tick against the words which have the /ee/ sound. Check your answers with your teacher. bear

beer

really

rarely

eerie

airy

dairy

dowry

spear

spare

steer

stare

peer

pear

mere

mare

lair

liar

prayer

player

Fill in the blanks with the correct terms.

1. The were ancient Germanic people associated with senseless destruction of property during their attack on Rome in 455.

2. The term was coined in 1794 by Henri Gregoire to describe the destruction of artwork following the French Revolution. 3. Private citizens commit vandalism when they willfully damage or property.

public

4. Wilfully setting fire to damage property is called.

5. and become quite common among youth. 6. lyre slashing and behaviour of hoodlums. 7. Damage to

to drivers and additional

on walls have

show the irresponsible

causes a lot of inconvenience to the authorities.

8. In Singapore, a person who attempts to commit vandalism may be. 9. Vandalism in the United Kingdom is considered an. 10. A person committing it may be punished with an(Anti-social Behaviour Order).

1.

associated (v)

linked

hubungan

2.

agitator (n)

person who urges other to

penentang

联合 煽动者

protest or rebel

3.

anti-social (adj)

not mix with other people

tidak suka bergaul

4.

appreciation (n)

gratitude

penghargaan

5.

arson (n)

deliberately setting fire to

bakar hartabenda

property

dengan sengaja

brilliant (adj)

very clever

pandai

7.

corporations (n)

big companies

perbadanan

8.

commentary (n)

opinion about an event or

huraian

6.

不爱社交 欣赏 纵火

英明 公司 注释

situation spoil the appearance of

merosakkan

10. egging on (v)

encouraging

menggesa

11. expelled (v)

forced to leave

dibuang

12. explicit (adj)

graphically clear

jelas

13. fragrant (adj)

sweet smelling

wangi

14. graffiti (n)

unauthorized writing or

conteng

9.

deface (v)

毁坏 怂恿 开除 清楚 香味 涂鸦

drawing in a public place

15. gazebos(n)

summer house

rumah rehat

16. glistening (adj)

shining

berkilau

17. holistic (adj)

treating the whole person

seluruh

18. hooligans (n)

violent young trouble makers

pengacau

19. hollow (adj)

empty

kosong

20. high profile (adj)

important

penting

21. imprisoned (v)

jailed

dipenjara

22. inconvenience (n)

trouble or difficulty

memberatkan

23. initially (adv)

in the beginning

pada mula

know without conscious

tahu dengan hati kecil

24. intuitive (adj)

露台 闪亮 整体的 小流氓 空的 重要的 禁锢 不便 最初 直觉

reasoning 25. injustices (n)

infringing the rights

ketidakadilan

26. lax (adj)

not strict

cuai

27. lifelong (adj)

for the whole life

sepanjang hidup

28. luxurious (adj)

comfortable, elegant,

senang-lenang

不公平 不严厉 终身 豪华的

expensive

29. maintains (v)

state strongly

menegaskan

30. mystery (n)

unknown

sesuatu yang tidak

坚持认为 谜

difahami

1

106

31. overflowing (v)

too full

curahan

满溢

32. operas (n)

dramatic work set to music

sandiwara

歌剧

33. questioning (n)

interrogation

menyoal

疑问

34. resplendent (adj)

beautiful

sangat berseri

辉煌的

35. senseless (adj)

meaningless

bodoh

愚套的

36. sequence (n)

in order

tumtan

次序

37. sidetracked (v)

distracted from the main issue

menggangu

离题

38. term (n)

word to describe

nama

术语

39. terrain (n)

land

kawasan tanah

地形

40. wilfully (adv)

deliberately

dengan sengaja

故忌的

Lifestyles in Transition Lifestyles in Transition Adverbial Phrases and Clauses Diphthong /工 a/ Debate

逮 Listening LESSON 1 Wari • What is lifestyle? • What are the differences between your lifestyle and your parents5? • Give an example of the current lifestyle teenagers are leading.

Look back in your life, compare how your lifestyle was when you were a child and how different it is 〃ow as a teenager. Share it with the class.

Listen to and Understand the Speaker's Point of View A topic can be discussed from different perspectives as there may be many aspects to a topic. When you listen to a person's point of view, you will understand what that person feels about this issue.

Example: Advanced technology has given great benefits to mankind. But we have to be vigilant. Does the technology we have help 〃s to live humanely? Or is it a tool ofgreed and disunity? Has the advanced technology helped us to communicate better with family members? Can we avert flooding and other natural calamities? Have the developed nations put an end to global warning? Mere technological power and human intelligence seem to be inadequate to address the world's problems. Only the wisdom from above -will help us to best use our resources for humanity and the world.

The writer's view is that despite advanced technology we still have problems and it is only with God's wisdom that we can behave in a humane manner.

Look at the conversation below and answer the questions that follow.

Doris : Gosh! Did you hear about this Japanese lady who drives three hours every day to take her elderly mother to meet up and spend time with her friends? Junita : Yes, I read about that. Don't you think that is crazy? What do you think, Sakura? Sakura : Well, it is quite common for affluent people to drive long distances daily. And if it is important for her elderly mother to socialise and be happy, I think it is alright. Doris : I think so too, because if she gets lonely and depressed, she may get sick and medical bills can be astronomical. Junita : In Malaysia, we can make free phone calls from our fixed lines. Therefore, it helps those who stay home long hours to keep in touch with others. This is definitely cheaper. Sakura : Yes, that is good too.

1. Who are the speakers who approve of what the elderly lady's daughter has done for her?

2. What is Doris's view on medical expenses? 3. Which of the two, do you think is better: a phone call or a visit, to make the elderly happy? Why?

Choose the correct answers. 1. According to Nicole, there are less people visiting the

or

for books in contrast to the past, (cafe / bookshop / library)

of spending too much time in front of

2. Jared thought the computers and gaming consoles can be

to the growth and

of the younger generation because there would be less social

interaction, (detrimental / development / lifestyle) 3. Nadia prefers to

books the

way

even though there has been a technological . (boom / traditional / read)

10

Based on the text that you have listened to, mark true (T) or false (F). 1. Nicole had to rely on the Britannica Encyclopedia for general knowledge during her younger days.

(

)

2. Even though there has been a technological boom, children are still relying on books for information.

(

)

3. Wikipedia is a free, web-based, collaborative and multilingual encyclopedia found on the Internet.

(

)

4. Jared's parents used to play console games when they were younger.

(

)

5. The major setback for the invention of gaming consoles is that children no longer mingle or play traditional games such as throwing pebbles or spinning tops.

(

)

6. E-books have taken over the privileges of libraries.

(

)

LESSON 2 Warm-up Complete the following by unscrambling the letters to form meaningful words. 1. Ladies and. (etngnme)

2. (ourahonble) Judges,

(thwory) opponents and members

of the. (orlof) 3. As first(perakes) of the Proposition, I will introduce the speakers of my team.

4. I wish to(ubter) what my opponent has said. 5. As the final speaker I wish to(surimmaze) our points and(reitetera) our stand.

Unit 4 Listen to and Understand a Debate A debate is usually held between two sides in which reasons are advanced for or against a

proposition, proposal or topic. The arguments must be supported by evidence and speakers have to impress the judges and audience with their clear, well thought out points and their convincing rhetoric.

Example: Topic: Waste disposal is not carried out in a proper manner in our country.

I agree with the above. Firstly there is irregular removal of domestic waste. Rubbish piles up or is strewn around by dogs or rats and is covered with flies. This is especially evident in low cost flats and the residents have to bear with this sickening sight and stench.

Next, the garbage trucks pollute the air with their nauseous stench and cover the ground with

the run off leaking from the lorries. These spills are a threat to health. Don't the authorities know this? We seem to be in the same era as the Victorian times when rubbish was just

thrown out into the streets, resulting in the deadly plagues. We can therefore see very clearly that in our country, proper waste management is not a priority. Tick the points that are against the topic, “Waste disposal is not carried out in a proper

manner in our country.w

1. Waste disposal, a costly problem, can actually be transformed into a profitable

(

)

solution.

2.

Treated waste water can be channelled to irrigate reforested areas.

( )

3.

More waste treatment plants are being built.

( )

4.

Nuclear waste will be safely treated and disposed off.

( )

5.

The rubbish collected is either incinerated or used in landfills.

( )

6.

Clinical waste from hospitals is disposed off in the right manner.

( )

111

Answer the questions below. 1. Number of teams in a debating competition. 2. The debating topic -. 3. According to the proposition team, technology has benefited society by —

4. The opposition said that technology has been a bane especially towards children because. 5. The adverse effect when a child stares too long at the computer monitor is

6. It takes

for an individual to learn and master the computer.

7. In your opinion, does technology bring ill-effects to society?

Match the statements of column A with those of column B to form complete sentences. ,Column A »

，Cohimn B )

」

.

a. with the introduction of technology.

2. Adapting oneself with the ever changing lifestyle

•

•

b. is not a big problem.

3. Lifestyle has changed tremendously

.

.

c. because of the long hours on line.

.

d. to learn about a modern device.

1. An individual has to take the initiative

4. Children will become overweight

工 Speaking

‘加t4

LESSON 1

Using words given on the right, complete the poem 'Journey OfLife'. JOURNEY OF LIFE

Author unknown

For each of us life is like a journey. Birth is the (1)of this journey, And (2)is not the end but the destination.

It is a journey that takes us From (3)to age, From innocence to (4),

From (5)to knowledge, From foolishness to (6), From (7)to strength and often back again,

victory wisdom death ignorance forgiveness weakness loneliness compassion beginning fear youth awareness

From offence to (8), From (9)to friendship, From pain to (10), From (11)to faith,

From defeat to (12)

Until, looking backward or ahead, We see that victory does not lie At some high point along the way, but in having Made the journey, stage by stage.

11

Discussing the ■■■■•■ in Lifestyles What do you mean by lifestyle? What are the changes that can take place? Can you describe the similarities and differences between your childhood and that of your parents? Here we can look at the differences and similarities in various aspects like dressing, food, transport (two cars to each family) and entertainment (black and white memories and 24-hour television).

Useful expressions:

similar to...

as usual...

unlike / different from... similarly…

better than/ worse than...

in contrast to ....

as well as... while...

whereas...

but...

Examples: • Today, we travel by train and LRT in the city whereas in the past we only had taxis and buses. • We can receive TV programmes from all over the world and similarly we can communicate instantly and very cheaply with someone in another part of the world by using the Internet. • In the past, we were friendlier with people in the neighbourhood but now we may not lenow our immediate neighbour.

Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

Shirley Tan is a 70 year old grandmother but there is not a strand of white hair in sight. In (1)it is a shocking red. (2)most elderly folk dress sedately,

Shirley dons her bright magenta leotards to drive to the market, I mean the supermarket. (3)to most urbanites, she shops for organic food, tubs of ice-cream, her regular chocolate bars, and containers of various flavoured yoghurt (4)the weekly

Unit 4 groceries for the family. The bill comes to about RM300. She does not think much of this

(5)in the past, this sum was her late father's monthly salary which fed a family of 11 people, ranging from grandparents to old friends who visited them. She swipes

her credit card (6)on the way out, stops at the ATM to withdraw some cash as she has to contribute something to the weekly senior citizens' club at her church. At home, she stores the food in the refrigerator, answers her mobile and (7), gets ready

for her one hour of line dancing with her friends. (8)most travellers, next

week she is flying to Nairobi for a ten day tour and now she goes on line to check the latest details. She also checks her mail and forwards some.

ice

Look at the dialogue below. In groups of three, study the dialogue. Max is talking to two of his older cousins who were born in the 1980s, about how they used to spend their time. Computer games were expensive and not very popular when they were growing up. Max

: Hi, Cuz. How are you guys today?

Ethan

: Hi, Max. We are great. How are you spending your holiday?

Max

: Mostly at home playing video games. Mom just got me a set of games for my Play Station 3 and Fve been glued to the screen ever since.

Harriet : What? You've been at home just playing games! Time has sure changed since we were kids, right Ethan? Ethan

: It sure has. Back then, mom would complain if we sat in front of the TV for more than one hour. She would say we were wasting our time. We didn't have video games then. I remember that when I was five, they released the Nintendo Game boy, but it was expensive and we could not afford it.

Max

: No video games? Then, how did you spend your time? I can't imagine not being able to play video games or watch TV.

11 ■

: I had a blast spending time outdoors. We used to be very active playing sports. We also used to play hop-scotch, a game they called 'galah-panjang', 'capture the flag5 and lots more. Harriet : For us girls, it was slightly different. When we were much younger, we used to 'host' tea parties, or 'masak-masak'. We also played hop-scotch, Mompat getah5. Ethan

Ethan

: Oh, and we used to play 'catch the fag'.

Max

: 'Catch the flag5? Whafs that?

Harriet : Ifs a game that we used to play till we were teenagers. Ifs actually a game for a large group. We divided ourselves into 2 groups and we needed a large space to play. A representative from each group will go and hide their own flag somewhere. The aim is for the groups to find their opponenfs flag first and overcome all restrictions put forward by the group. Max

: That sounds interesting.

Act out the scenes in class. Try not to refer to the text. 1. How did you feel as you were acting out the scenes?

2. What do you think children are missing today compared to children in the past? 3. Do you prefer being outdoors enjoying traditional games or indoors in front of the computer or TV playing games?

4. Would you encourage your younger siblings to be doing outdoor activities such as playing hop-scotch or indoors playing computer games?

Unit 4

LESSON 2 Warp-up Draw lines to link the correct lifestyles.

(People ,

. Types of Lifestyles )

1. An actress

d

.

a. a hectic lifestyle

2. An athlete

j

9

b. a free lifestyle

3. A tramp

J

4. A monk

J

5. An executive

d

c. a disciplined lifestyle d. a glamourous lifestyle

J

e. a contemplative lifestyle

Expressing Positive and Negative Feedback about Lifestyles in Your Country Feedback refers to the comments about a thing, a situation or a person's lifestyle that will be used as a basis for improvement. Positive feedback means the comments highlight the good points whereas negative comments underline the deficiencies or defects.

Example: Positive feedback - John exercises regularly and does not smoke. He leads a healthy lifestyle. Negative feedback - Peter drinks and does not eat proper meals. He keeps late nights and thus leads an unhealthy lifestyle.

Useful expressions:

a healthy lifestyle

What do you consider...?

Whose lifestyle do you like?

Who leads....?

...dislike

117

Insert the following comments in the correct columns. overspend every month

a mediocre achiever

a consistent worker

a cheerful and enthusiastic youngster

a creative and passionate artiste

Positive feedback

a sulky and boorish person

Negative feedback

You and your friend are having a discussion on the different lifestyles in your country. Use the points given below to express positive and negative aspects of their lifestyles. Positive Aspects • traditions are important, for example, the young must respect the elders • 1 Malaysia - we celebrate all festivals • mutual understanding of each culture

Negative Aspects • country influenced by Western cultures • increase in crime rates and other social ills • increase in unhealthy living (example: fast food)

MakingPredictions about Future Lifestyles j Useful expressions: will be different will be necessary

would be

can be

everyone has to be

need to

will encourage

can enable

may be

ice

Fill in the blanks with the correct phrases. Peter

:Hi everyone! How are you?

John/Maria

:We are fine. How are you?

Peter

:I feel great. I just read about the lifestyles of the future and it seems so exciting. Future lifestyles (1)____________ thanks to educational and technological advances.

John

:Yes, life (2)________________ faster and more convenient. We can travel easily and also communicate with our loved ones anywhere and anytime.

Peter

:People would be more open-minded. Yeah! I will (3)_________ enjoy the trendy, modern fashions.

Maria

:Teens especially will indulge in the latest, branded items and will (4)_______ beautiful and sensational like their pop idols.

John

:People (5)_________plastic or cosmetic surgery to enhance their looks. It will be necessary to spend more and more.

Maria

:So, (6)_______ aware of the pitfalls of such a lifestyle. Young people may overspend on their credit cards.

John

:It (7)______ the rat race and both parents will work to support a glamorous and luxurious lifestyle or just repay their debts. And the other side of the coin is that the children may be neglected. They will face boredom and loneliness.

Maria

:This is a heavy price to pay for modernity. We (8)_________ aware of the serious problems that may crop up.

Peter

:Adults (9)_________ stress and tension and common health problems like obesity and chronic obsessions may increase.

Maria

:Well, (10)__________ also social problems. For example, HIV/AIDS is a serious illness plaguing the world.

Peter

:Thafs right. I read that in poorer communities, where the parents have succumbed to this illness, their children (11)_________ left to fend for themselves.

11

John

:If they are not helped, they (12)__________ street kids. They live on the streets and form gangs to beg or steal to survive. They will be vulnerable to crime and abuse.

Peter

:This will certainly be bad.

Maria

:I believe that education should emphasise on creating a healthy human society. The emphasis (13)________ character development and not just material success.

John

:Yes and (14)_________ to build positive attitudes to counter the problems of dishonesty, corruption and exploitation.

Peter

:You are both right.

Maria

:Yes, I am sure in this way we will have a healthy future generation.

Discussion Divide the classroom into groups of three for an informal debate competition. You can choose one of the topics that you would like to debate on:

- Abortion is taking a life - Money is the root of all evil

it 4

Reading War^-up Assume that it is 20 years in the future. Draw a chart comparing life in the present and the future that you foresee. Your chart should have at least 10 examples.

Example: Present

Future

We have to buy textbooks and go to school every day.

Lessons are online, and students can leam anytime comfortably at home.

We download songs onto our mp3 players.

Intelligent programmes recognise our musical preferences and download songs for us.

Read the following letter carefully. Joanne Thomas 48-75, Privet Drive, Sleepy Hollow, Australia. 10 April 20_

Dear Mei Ling, It has certainly been a while, hasn't it? I was thrilled to hear from you after all these years. What a surprise! How fortunate that my brother bumped into you while you were both on vacation in Auckland. Otherwise, we would have been denied this pleasure, the opportunity to reminisce over times long gone. Thank you for all the lovely tales of your family. As for me, I have been married to my dear husband, Tom, whom you may remember from high

school, for almost 25 years. In fact, we will be celebrating our silver wedding anniversary next June! It would be splendid if you would be able to join us on that auspicious occasion.

I would love you to meet my three children, Robert, Jillian and Jennifer who are 24, 22 and 17 years old respectively. Roberfs currently working in a law firm in Singapore, while Jillian is in her third year at college studying Fashion Designing. Jennifer, my youngest, will be graduating from high school at the end of the year and is aspiring to become a doctor. I certainly hope that she will succeed.

Remember how we both decided back then that we were going to be world class surgeons? Sadly, that never came to fruition; only those who were better off could study medicine those days. Things have certainly changed today. You can be anything you want to be. Jennifer is hoping to get a JPA scholarship; she has been studying hard for her final exams. It will probably come as no shock to you to learn that I earn some pocket money from selling cookies I bake. Those home economics classes we had to take under the watchful eyes of the Convent sisters definitely paid off. Sadly, none of my children are interested in picking up my skills. I don't blame them. Most of their time after school hours are occupied by extra-curricular activities such as piano lessons, karate and gazillions of tuition classes.

Oh, I forgot to tell you about my other job - chauffeur to my children. I worry sometimes that I spoil them. I try not to entertain their demands too much; every day brings a different want or need. First, it was an iPod, then an Xbox, I don't know what tomorrow will bring. We would have been too afraid to ask our parents for such things! I remember how my father would reward me with a single ice-cream cone when I did well in school. That was as far as it went. Our parents used to be so strict with us. They wouldn't have hesitated to bring out the cane when we misbehaved. I suppose such methods no longer hold water today. We have to be more understanding towards our children and try to achieve a perfect balance between mentor and

122

Unit 4

friend. All the same, I think we had so much more fun than our children possibly could be having! Remember those times we cycled around the neighbourhood on our rickety old bicycles? Catching tadpoles in the nearby monsoon drains? Playing hopscotch and jump rope? We have so many wonderful memories. I'm afraid I didn't allow my children to enjoy such experiences while they were growing up. With rampant kidnap cases in today's world, it isn't safe for them to be out on the streets on their own. Anyway, they were more interested in watching television and surfing the Internet. Jennifer signed me up the other day on Facebook, but I'm afraid I haven't quite gotten the hang of it. Do you have one as well? Perhaps we can catch up there. Don't get me wrong, though. While I do miss those times, not everything was better then. My children have so many opportunities available to them today. They aren't held back by archaic societal views about how people in general should act and behave. Modern technology has also been good for business! I used to slave over a bowl of cake batter with a wooden spoon, but today I simply use a mixer. It is so much faster. I also don't miss those horrendous hairstyles we used to sport. Dear me! I suppose that is all for now. Do write back to me. Till next time, take care.

Read the letter carefully and choose the most appropriate meaning for each word or phrase printed in BOLD. 1. ...opportunity to reminisce over times long gone, (line 10) A. to remember fondly the past B. to remind ourselves about the old times C. to talk about happy memories D. to recall incidents

2. ...currently working in... (line 17) A. lately C. rigidly

B. formerly D. at present

3. …world class surgeons? (line 22-23) A. highly skilled B. international C. popular D. travelling 4. ...chauffeur to my children, (line 33) A. care giver B. driver C. chaperone D. supporter 5. ...such methods no longer hold water today, (line 41) This means such methods are B. not believed in nowadays. A. not accepted. D. practised infrequently C. not valid.

Indicate whether the following statements are true or false. 1. Joanne earns money from her part time job as a chauffeur.

2. Mei Ling and Joanne re-established contact when Joanne bumped into Mei Ling's brother in Auckland. 3. Joanne has a Facebook account.

4. Tom, Joanne and Mei Ling all went to school together. 5. Tom wanted to be a world class surgeon. 6. Mei Ling has three children.

Unit 4 7. Robert has an iPod. 8. Mei Ling will be attending Joanne's silver wedding anniversary next year.

Answer the following questions. 1. Joanne is/was involved in all the following activities except. A. surfing the Internet B. studying fashion designing C. cycling D. baking cookies

2. "Do you have one as well?" What was Joanne referring to here? A. television B. daughter C. a Facebook account D. a computer 3. According to Joanne, which of the following is not one of the differences between the yesteryears and today? A. Education opportunities available to the young. B. Safety in the neighbourhood. C. Technology. D. Mothers chauffeuring their children to school. 4. The writer believes that hairstyles have A. become strange. B. changed for the better. C. followed modern styles. D. not changed much. 5. Which of the following is the reason children are kept indoors at present? A. snatch thefts B. kidnap cases C. assault D. drugs

12

Summary Writing Warp-up Group the list of items under a general term. hibiscus, edelweiss, daffodils, iris stroke, fever, elephantitisis, dengue pencil, envelope, marker pen , writing paper painter, pilot, nurse, cleaner Literature, History, Mathematics

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Steps to Summary Writing 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

7. 8. 9. 10.

Read and understand the question. Read through the passage. Mark out names of people, places, activities etc. Underline the key words and expressions. Make notes of the main ideas and supporting ideas. Use mind-maps and short notes. Write out the summary from the notes. It must be in continuous writing. Use your own words - you can use key words and expressions from the text but do not copy out whole sentences. Count the number of words. Do not exceed or fall short of the limit. Begin with the 10 words given. Edit and correct any mistakes. State the number of words.

Read each extract and then choose the sentence that BEST summarises the extract. I would love you to meet my three children, Robert, Jillian and Jennifer who are 24, 22 and 17 years old. Roberfs currently working in a law firm in Singapore, while Jillian is in her third year at college studying Fashion Designing. Jennifer, my youngest will be graduating from high school at the end of the year and is aspiring to become a doctor. I certainly hope that she will succeed.

Unit 4 A. B. C. D.

The writer has three children. The writer is introducing her three children. The three children are well educated. The writer's children are professionals.

It will probably come as no shock to you to learn that I earn some pocket money from selling cookies I bake. Those home economics classes we had to take under the watchful eyes of the convent sisters definitely paid off. Sadly, none of my children are interested in picking up my skills. I don't blame them. Most of their after school hours are occupied by extra-curricular activities such as piano lessons, karate classes and gazillions of tuition classes.

A. I have a part time job selling my cookies. B. I make cookies in my free time. C. The baking lessons in school were all paid for. D. My children are too busy to help me. Don't get me wrong though. While I do miss those times, not everything was better then. My children have so many opportunities available to them today. They aren't held back by archaic societal views about how people in general should act and behave. Modern technology has also been good for business! I used to slave over a bowl of cake batter with a wooden spoon, but today I simply use a mixer. It is so much faster. I also don't miss those horrendous hairstyles we used to sport. Dear me!

A. B. C. D.

Children have a better life nowadays. I may have been mistaken about the past. Certain aspects of life are better now compared to the past. Technology plays an important part in modern business.

Read the letter on pages 121-123 carefully once more. Summarise the deferences that Joanne talked about in her letter in not more than 150 words.

127

Writing Warp-up Education in ancient Sparta was organised only to serve the State. The rights of the individual were given little or no consideration at all. From the age of 7, their life was one of constant drill and discipline with hard beds, scanty clothing and little food. Girls were allowed to live at home, but they were given similar physical training to ensure their sons were sturdy.

Should there be a similar programme 〃ow for our youth?

Writing the Body Paragraphs This part of the composition has the full information of the topic that has been introduced in the first or introductory paragraph of your essay. It shows the development of the essay by giving the reasons, causes or explanations for the topic. Each paragraph is clearly written, beginning with the topic sentence, supporting details and concluding sentence.

Example: Studying locally is better than studying abroad. There are three advantages in studying locally. First, it is cheaper. Second, you are nearer to your home and third, you will not be adversely influenced by a foreign culture.

The first advantage of studying locally is that it is cheaper. There are very good local colleges that offer a wide range of choices of quality programmes at par with the foreign colleges. The cost of living in the oversea countries may be high. Food, accommodation, transport and especially the college fees can be very expensive compared to local rates. Thus much money is saved by studying in a local college. The next advantage is that you are nearer home and you do not suffer much from homesickness or loneliness. You can return home often especially for the festivals or for some family matters. If you are studying abroad you will not be able to return home as often as the flight fares can be high. Thus you and your family will be happier.

Finally, you will not be adversely influenced by a foreign culture. When you study abroad, you have to adapt to the social conditions there and you may encounter some cultural

Unit 4 conflicts. Besides, when studying abroad, some students become lonely and depressed and may resort to drugs and drinks to escape their sorrows. Thus they may lose track of their goals and their studies may suffer. You will not meet this problem if you are nearer home. Write the body paragraphs for the topic 'Boys seem better at sports than girls'.

There are three reasons why boys seem better at sports than girls. The first is ... GIRLS

BOYS

-Physically stronger, more active - More interested in outdoor activities -like team sports

-more feminine -different types of sports activities -also have excelled in sports - Nichol David

Link words

To show

Words

A change in time A change in place Similarity Contrast Modification

After this, Later on? The next day In the next shop, In other countries, Far away Similarly, In the same way On the other hand, Despite this, it seems that However, Nevertheless

Write the body paragraphs for the essay (Changes in lifestyle that is seen in our country \ There are two main changes in lifestyle in our country. First, changes of marriage and family life, next, the technical innovations that are prevalent in modern society. Paragraph 1

Topic Sentence:

Supporting sentences:

Concluding sentence:

Paragraph 2 Topic Sentence:

Supporting sentences:

Concluding sentence:

Prdfect Go online and look up the various types of education.

Compare the Spartan education with the education at the Summer Hill School. What are your views on the differences and similarities?

「《Language Warm-up Rearrange the words in the brackets to complete the sentences. 1. Robots are used (wide of industrial in a applications range) because of their greater suitability for tasks, quality and speed.

2. He planted a lot of fruit trees in order (use make good his to garden of). 3. Schools should be equipped with swimming facilities (as the students this benefit will

and staff). 4. The government has developed the rural areas (discourage urban to migration). 5. They have been working (the clock round).

Adverbial Phrases and Clauses • Adverbial phrases and clauses do the work of an adverb, that is, they modify a verb, an

adjective or another adverb. • An adverbial phrase does not have a finite verb.

Example： The children are undernourished because of neglect. • Adverbial phrases answer the following questions: a. How? - with great care/carefully

Example： He worked with great dedication. b. When? - in those days

Example： Children were more respectful in those days. c. Where? -to another place

Example： They moved to another place. • An adverbial clause has its own subject and a finite verb.

Example： The children are undernourished because they are neglected.

1

• An adverbial clause is usually introduced by expressions such as because, although, while, since, as if, so that, before, after, when and then.

Examples: 1. The miners are on strike because they have been subjected to injustices and hardship.

2. The flight was delayed because of bad weather.

3. They are happy when they go on an outing.

Replace the adverbialphrases with Adverbial Clauses ofsimilar meaning. Examples:

They did not buy the apartment because of the high price. They did not buy the apartment because the price was too high.

1. Stef studied hard in order to pass the examination.

2. The guests enjoyed the beach BBQ after sunset. 3. He forgot her birthday in spite of her reminders.

4. They had a tiff on account of his forgetfulness and insensitivity. 5. She wore her glasses in order to read the letter. 6. She shouted loudly like a child when she read the happy news.

7. Though rich, they live a frugal life. 8. They decided to walk home despite the wind and rain. 9. In the event of any problem, please refer to the manager.

10. They boy acted like a guilty person when he was confronted by the guard.

Complete the following sentences with an Advebial Clause. 1. She is so happy because.

2. However difficult life is.

3. The patient was discharged from the hospital when

4. The situation was worse than. 5. They walked so slowly that. 6. He will never forgive you unless. 7. He climbed up the tree so that. 8. Mary drove carefully because.

9. On receiving the email, John immediately.

10. The children were excited although.

Common Errors

，

1. They look as if they knew each other. (X) They look as if they know each other. (4)

2. She looked as if she has seen a ghost. (X) She looked as if she had seen a ghost. (4)

13

Sound System Diphthong /工e/ steer

fierce

gear

ear

mere

sphere

weary

theory

pier

eerie

Read thefollowing sentences aloud and underline the words with the/ie/ sound. 1. Here today, gone tomorrow, I fear! 2. It was queer that his peer had diarrhoea. 3. When she finally appears, she looks weary and wary.

4. The mysterious skier stood on the pier and drank beer. 5. It is weird that he trims his beard with a spear instead of a blade.

Get a partner and read the following conversation, paying attention to the words with the /iq/sound. Ian

: Piers, ifs eerie in here - there's a sort of mysterious atmosphere - as if

nobody's been here for years. Piers

: Thafs queer. Look - over here. There Js a weird light, like hundreds of pairs

of eyes staring. I think we're in a lion's lair. Ian

:Where?

Unit 4 Piers

: There, they're coming nearer. They're bats.

Ian

: Oh dear! I can feel them in my hair. They're searing my beard! I'm not going anywhere. Tm staying right here.

Piers

: I'm weary. I wonder how I am getting out of here without fear!

^^ Refer to Exercise C on pages 134-135, identify the /id/ sound.

13

Enrichment Form two groups. Have three to four persons in each group. Conduct a debate on the pros and cons of the younger generation's lifestyle versus the older generation lifestyle.

为

Group 1 will be debating in support of the lifestyle of the younger generation Group 2 will be debating against the lifestyle of the younger generation Below are some guidelines on the do fs and don 'ts when conducting a debate:

vii. viii. ix. x. xi.

xii.

set the rules and timelines of the debate research the topic and prepare well-structured and logical arguments gather all supporting evidence and examples to support what you are debating always anticipate how the other party will counter attack arguments and prepare to rebut one party is not allowed to interrupt the other while a debate is in progress. Speakers must wait for their turns. when the debate is over, allow time for discussion. Members of the audience should be allowed to ask questions and contribute their own thoughts and input on the debate presented.

You may use the following points to further support your debate:

• • • • • • •

communication methods eating habits (home-cooked food, fast food) tolerance, understanding and patience ways of thinking experience in life issues on material possession and financial security education

it 4

Wofd List 1.

adverse (adj)

unfavourable

kurang baik

负面的

2.

anticipate (v)

look forward to

menjangka

期望

3.

archaic (adj)

very old

purba

古老的

4.

auspicious (adj)

important

bertuah

吉兆的

5.

bumped into (v)

met

bertemu

6.

collaborative (adj)

work together

berkeija sama

遇见 共同合作

7.

consoles (n)

small machines for

unit suis untuk main

控制台

playing computer

computer

games mungurung

关起来

devotion

kebaktian

贡献

10. deem (v)

think of

menggangap

认为

11. denied (v)

refused to admit

dinafikan

拒绝

12. destination (n)

final place

tempat dituju

13. detrimental (adj)

harmfiil

membahayakan

目的地 有害的

14. edelweiss (n)

a type of flower

jenis bunga

火绒草

15. expectancy (n)

length

harapan

预期数额

16. flipping (v)

turning

menebalikkan

翻

17. frugal (adj)

sparing with money

jimat

节俭的

18. gazillion (n)

numerous

banyak sekali

19. generated (v)

started

menimbulkan

许许多多 产生

20. hang of it (phrase)

become familiar

nenjadi biasa

使熟悉

21. hesitated (v)

wavered

meragu-ragu

犹豫

22. hopscotch (n)

children's hopping

mainan

小孩的跳房子游戏

8.

cooped (v)

confined in a small

place 9.

dedication (n)

game

23. horrendous (adj)

horrifying

mengerikan

可怕的

24. hypertension (n)

abnormally high

darah tinggi

iW）血压

daya utama

主动

tidak berperasaan

没感觉

blood pressure

25. initiative (n)

able to act independently

26. insensitivity (n)

having no concern for

the feelings of others

27. institution (n)

established custom

amalan yang kukuh

制度

28. monsoon drains (n)

big drains

longkang yang besar

大沟渠

29. multilingual (adj)

knowing many

fasih berbagai bahasa

使用多种语言的

languages

137

30. multiplier (n)

quantity by which a

pendarab

乘数

mengabaikan

忽视

given number is multiplied

31. neglected (v)

not given proper care

or attention

32. obesity (n)

overweight

kegemukan

月巴胖

33. pebbles (n)

stones

batu-batan

石头

34. rampancy (n)

frequency

merebak

蔓延

35. reminisce (n)

recall, think or talk

mengenangkan

回忆

food from restaurants

makanan dari

夕卜卖

eaten elsewhere

restoran

accepting things one

kesabaran

宽容

about the past pleasant things

36. takeaways (n) 37. tolerance (n)

dislikes 38. tomes (n)

large, serious books

buku yang besar

大本书

39. voluminous (adj)

thick

tebal

厚

40. yesteryears (n)

the past

masa lain

过去不久的岁月

Unemployment • • • •

Unemployment Verb and Preposition Combination Diphthong /ue/ Comic Strip /、\

2

品 Listening LESSON 1 Wari Do you know the meaning of unemployment?

The Cambridge dictionary defines unemployment as "the number of people who do not have a job which provides money^^. (There are various reasons as to -why people are unemployed. Unemployment in general causes an individual or family to experience not only financial problems, but also emotional and psychological problems.) What are its effects on society and the economy?

Now in groups offive, discuss the causes and effects of unemployment and list out three causes and their effects.

Causes i)

ii)

Useful words

iii)

This causes that to take place. As a result of this, that takes place.

Effects i)

ii) iii)

Unit5 Listen to Understand the Cause and Effect One way to understand information is to analyze the reasons for and the causes or consequences of an action or happening.

Example: The causes of unemployment can be retrenchment, illness, unsuitability or lack of skills. These are the factors that resulted in unemployment. We can study each factor in depth to

understand more clearly why it occurred. What then are the effects of unemployment? They would be no income, poverty, low self esteem, social isolation, depression, ill health and despair.

Complete the，ow chart below with the given information. Poor academic

Lack of

Social problems

interest in studies

TRUANCY

EFFECT

CAUSE 1. Lack of

3.

2. _________ ___ discipline

4. ______ ______ problems

performance

Practice Listen to the text on unemployment and answer the questions below. 1. State the four causes of unemployment.

a. Being_________________________

b. Laid________________ for specific reasons.

c. Failure of the__________________ to perform.

d. Company facing_______________

2. List two psychological impacts on an unemployed person.

Psychological Impacts a. Unemployment can lead an individual into

b. It affects the mental health of an individual due to

3. Classify and list the common causes of unemployment into two categories — company and individual.

Company

Individual

c. Being____________________ for a. Faced with___________________ specific reasons.

b. Positions in the company are___

d. Do not possess the right________ ______________________for the job.

Listen to the text and list the information in the box below into the correct groups. state of helplessness

bankruptcy

being laid off for specific reasons

depression excessive thoughts

a. Reasons for Unemployment

(Clue: The cause of an individual being unemployed.)

getting sacked company failed

Unit5 b. Psychological Impacts

(Clue: Mental health)

LESSON 2 Warcup The jumbled-up words below are connected to unemployment. Rearrange these words to find out what they are. Once you have reassembled these words, look up their meanings and share a 先w examples with the rest of the class.

Listening to Make Predictions When you listen to a text, you can sometimes anticipate or predict what would be said next.

This is because you may already have prior knowledge of the topic and you would be thinking along the same lines as to what is being discussed. Your predictions will be in context with what is being heard by you. Otherwise, there may be a miscommunication.

Example - forwarded email Two Jews were in a restaurant in India. One of them asked the waiter, 4tAre there any Indian Jews here?'

The waiter said, "No". "Are you sure?" the man asked. "Yes, but I will check,55 he said. He came back and said, " I've checked it with the Manager and my captain."

4ecific Information J

Information is Power! We need information before we can act. Think of a visit to a doctor. What does the doctor do? He asks questions to diagnose what is wrong with the patient.

Only tlien he can prescribe the proper treatment. What are the questions he will ask?

Useful expressions:

'汗认

/

I

Can I...?

Could you tell me...?

Do you know...?

Will it...?

I'm interested in...

I'd like to know...

Pm looking for...

What is ...?

How long have ...?

How do..?

When we request information, we can use the following expressions:

-To enquire / ask.

Do you bow the remedy for insomnia?

-To question.

Have you had your vaccination yet?

When we give information, we can use the following expressions: -To inform / tell / answer.

We should have a glass ofmilk before we go to bed.

-To explain / describe.

No, because I need to gef it only next year.

Fill in the blanks with suitable expressions.

Patient

: Good morning Dr Tan. I have a pain in my ear?

Dr Tan

: Hi! Good morning! (1)you had this pain?

Patient

: For three days now. (2)if something is seriously wrong?

Dr Tan

: Sure, but (3)examine your ear first?

Patient

: Sure. (4)hurt?

Unit8 Dr Tan

: No, it won't hurt. Did you lose your Bluetooth set?

Patient

: (5)

Dr Tan

: I can see it in here.

you know?

Practice Talk about the importance of preventive care based on the information provided below.

Message 1: Needle sharing causes

Message 2: Stop Smoking!

Message 3: Close your mouth when

can cause AIDS.

Smoking Kills.

Say no to drugs.

It is a waste of money.

you sneeze or you spread the germs / don't spread your germs to others.

These two expressions are used for asking for information on the telephone:

• I'm calling to enquire about... • I'm calling to find out...

Using the '5Ws and 1H' rule that you have learnt in the past units, work in groups of four and conduct an interview. One student will act as the doctor while the other three as students seeking information on various types of diseases and how they can be prevented or cured. You are required to express your own opinions and constructive criticisms in your interview session.

Reading Wan The greatest wealth is health. — Virgil

Nobody enjoys being sick. Illnesses affect our productivity and enjoyment levels and we try our best to remain in optimum health by embracing good habits in our daily lives such as exercising. What are some ofthe things that you do to ensure you are constantly in the pink of health?

Maintaining such habits helps us build up our immune systems and prevents us from easily falling prey to contagious diseases. There have been recent outbreaks of avian flu, H1N1, the Nipah virus in our country. Do you, your friends or family have any experiences with these diseases?

Despite the precautions, it is inevitable that we will fall sick occasionally. What do you do when this happens? Are there any traditional remedies that your family employ?

Read thefallmving article Influenza, or the common cold, is a highly contagious disease that is usually transmitted through airborne viruses. You can also catch it by touching the surfaces of doorknobs and

elevator buttons that have been contaminated and then bringing your fingers to your mouth

or nose. Close to 20% of the population become flu victims annually, and the disease is more rampant in highly populated areas. As expected, younger children and those who suffer from certain chronic diseases are at a higher risk of complications due to their weaker immune system. The disease occurs more frequently during winter or the rainy seasons.

Flu and common cold have become practically synonymous with each other, but what

we often describe as flu might actually be the less severe common cold. While similar medication such as decongestants, antihistamines and pain relievers are often prescribed for them, these are significant differences between them. The onset of flu symptoms is fairly rapid - usually 3-6 hours after a person has been exposed to the virus. The cold, however, takes its time, and symptoms appear gradually

Unit8 throughout the course of the disease. It is important to obtain proper medication immediately as once

48 hours have passed, the virus will have already done most of its damage. The symptoms of a flu go away after a few days but the after­ effects can persist for weeks. Cold symptoms generally go away after a week.

A cold is, in comparison, a

milder

respiratory

illness.

Both

diseases could lead to sinus infection and ear infection. There is a chance that your flu could escalate even further and lead to complications such as pneumonia and bronchitis, resulting in hospitalisation. Nearly 36,000 people die annually from the flu in the United States. The diseases also manifest themselves through different symptoms. When one has the

flu, he usually first experiences a high fever and general malaise. On the second or third day

he may start to suffer from severe aches, chills, extreme fatigue and exhaustion, headaches, chest discomfort, a dry unproductive cough and in certain instances, even diarrhoea and vomiting. These can also occur in a cold but they are less common and decidedly less severe. The symptoms of a cold, on the other hand, are generally centred in the nasal area, unlike the flu which affects the whole body. Most people complain of a sore throat first, which then worsens to runny nose, congestion, sneezing and a productive cough on the last

days. However, if your symptoms do not go away after two weeks, you could be suffering

from allergies instead of a cold. How to tell the difference? Coughs caused by allergies may last for weeks or even months. They are rarely accompanied by aches or fever though fatigue can be expected. More importantly, while coughs caused by allergies often produce yellow mucus, mucus as a result of coughs caused by allergies is clear.

Regardless of whether you have a flu or a cold, you should always consult a doctor if

your symptoms worsen. For instance, persistent nasal congestion, headaches or fever could be signs of bacterial infections in the nasal cavities that cannot be treated effectively with only home remedies. Painful swallowing and swollen lymph nodes may alert the doctor to

signs of strep throat, or infection of the tonsils and throat. A persistent cough might be a

warning of bronchitis, sinusitis or postnasal drip. Other triggers for medical concern are severe chest pains, severe headaches, shortness of breath, dizziness, confusion and persistent vomiting. In children, it would also be wise to consult a doctor if there is rapid, difficult breathing, bluish skin, insufficient fluid intake,

lethargy or extreme irritability, sudden deterioration after improvement of symptoms or fever accompanied by a rash. We cannot be 100% sure of being protected from diseases. However, there are numerous

precautions we can take. Frequent washing of hands with antibacterial soap; rubbing your hands vigorously for about 20 seconds will slough most of the germs off your skin. Wear face masks in densely populated areas and stay away from people who are showing flu-like symptoms. If possible, get flu vaccination. Exercise regularly and follow a diet that's rich in vitamins and minerals. For instance, zinc helps build the body's natural defences.

218

Unit8 Read the article carefully and choose the most appropriate meaningfor each word or phrase printed in BOLD. 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

...the disease is more rampant in highly populated areas, (line 5)

A. common

B. widespread

C. serious

D. uncontrollable

...is in comparison a milder respiratory illness, (line 25)

A. less serious

B. shorter

C. slower

D. simpler

... could escalate even further...(\\nes 28-29)

A. increase

B. become more serious

C. go up

D. jump

...experiences a high fever and general，〃〃/〃相《...(line 35)

A. lethargy

B. exhaustion

C. feeling of illness

D. unhappiness

...insufficient fluid intake, lethargy or extreme irritability...(line 56) A. inadequate

B. incorrect

C. irregular

D. minimal

Read the article. Note the similarities and differences bebveen the/〃, common cold and allergies.

DIFFERENCES Flu

Common Cold

Allergies

shviilarittes Flu & Common Cold

Common Cold & Allergies

Answer the following questions. 1. It is monsoon season. Karen lives in the busy city of Kuala Lumpur and suffers from asthma. Which sentences from the article indicate that it is easier for a person in her condition to catch the flu? 2. Boon Cheong has had trouble swallowing his food for the last few days. What

disease do you think he has contracted? 3. Rudy coughed around Laura in the morning. Around noon, she began to feel ill. What is she most likely to be suffering from?

4. Which of the following is the best precaution a preschool teacher can take to avoid transmittable diseases? A. Wash her hands in the correct way.

B. Wear a face mask.

C. Advise students to be hygienic. D. Avoid handling items used by others. 5. If you have to travel to work on crowded trains every day, what health precaution

should you take? A. Carry an inhaler. B. Don5t rush C. Look for alternative transport. D. Wear a face mask.

220

乙Summary Writing

it 8

Replace the following with one wordfrom the given list

wealth

forgetful

professionals

set

absent-minded

1. a person who cannot remember things

2. a person who easily forgets things 3. doctors, engineers, teachers, pilots

4. a fixed number of instruments 5. a lot of ideas, information, knowledge

L General and Specffic Information j In summary writing, we have to be precise, yet concise. This means we are writing out the required information in a shorter form without changing tlie meaning. One way to do so is to leave out minor details, examples and wordy explanations. If they are important, we can present them in a more general way.

Examples: Jane was born on 14 February 2011.

(Infbmiation is specific)

Jane was born in February 2011.

(Infbnnation is less specific)

Jane was born in 2011.

(Information is general)

221

Arrange the words given from specific to general. ]e.g. Malaysian, dentist, Mary, professional - Mary, dentist, Drofessional. Malaysian

1. giraffe, land animal, mammal, herbivore 2. sister, Sarah, family, clan 3. Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia, Port Dickson

4. John Keats, man, English, poet

_________________________________

5. disease, influenza, air-borne illness

Read each extract and then choose the sentence that BEST summarises the extract Flu and common cold extract have become practically synonymous with each

other, but what we often describe as flu might actually be the less severe common cold. While similar medication such as decongestants, antihistamines and pain relievers are aften prescribed for them, these are significant differences between them.

A. The common cold is more predominant than flu. B. Flu and the common cold are regarded as similar but there are important

differences. C. The medication for both illnesses is not interchangeable. D. Prescription drugs are used for both flu and the common cold. 2.

The symptoms of a cold, on the other hand, are generally centred in the nasal

area, unlike the flu which affects the whole body. Most people complain of a sore throat first, which then amplifies to runny nose, congestion and sneezing and a productive cough on the last days. However, if your symptoms do not go away after two weeks, you could be suffering from allergies instead of a cold.

Unit8 A. The symptoms for the two illnesses last for about two weeks.

B. The signs of a cold are found in the nasal area while the flu affects the whole body. C. Some allergies have similar symptoms. D. The first symptom of the flu is a sore throat. 3.

We cannot be 100% sure of being protected from diseases. However, there are numerous precautions we can take. Frequent washing of hands with antibacterial

soap; rubbing your hands vigorously for about 20 seconds will slough away most of the germs off your skin. Wear face masks in densely populated areas

and stay away from people who are showing flu-like symptoms. If possible, get flu vaccination. Exercise regularly and follow a diet that's rich in vitamins and minerals. For instance, zinc helps build the body's natural defences.

A. Prevention is better than cure. B. Vaccination is the last resort to combat illnesses.

C. We can take some steps to prevent diseases. D. Washing the hands is the best way to prevent infection.

Read the article on pages 216-218 carefully once more. Summarise the similarities and differences between flu, allergies and the common cold in not more than 150 words.

Writing Wan Tick the facts about AIDS. 1.

AIDS is spread by the Human Immuno-deficiency Virus .

(

)

2.

HIV is dangerous because it attacks the human immune system.

(

)

3.

AIDS is spread by touching an infected person.

(

)

4.

AIDS is a serious illness.

(

)

5.

There is no cure for AIDS.

(

)

Factual Composition This is a composition based on facts so you must know the subject well. Facts are information that is true and which has been proven. This is in contrast to opinions, personal beliefs or hearsay.

Example: Here are some facts about the beautiful animal, the giraffe.

It is the tallest living animal on land. Each giraffe has a unique coat pattern. The giraffe lives on the leaves of the baobab tree. It is a peaceful animal and only attacks in defence of itself or its young. A lion can be kicked to death by the giraffe. The giraffe can survive for long

periods without water and it has excellent eyesight. Here is Tracy k opinion about this animal.

It is so cute and seeing a giraffe will bring good luck. Complete the information below about the spread ofAIDS by choosing the correct word.

HTV is found in the (1)(hair, blood) and sexual fluids of an infected

person. A person can become infected with HIV by having (2) (unprotected, free) sex with an infected person. It can also be found in the breast milk of (3)(disinfected, infected) women. People can also be infected by

Unit8 (4)(donations, transfusion) of tainted blood or use of such blood sample. Drug users are (5)(vulnerable, immune) to HTV infection

especially where injecting equipment is shared.

Practice Write a composition on the topic “Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome". You may use the following guidelines.

Guidelines: Introduction - thesis statement Contents - three main causes of AIDS

Conclusion - Prevention is better than cure

To write on a point:

1. State the information or point in a complete sentence.

2. Elaborate on it, that is, expand the point by writing some additional information that is relevant.

3. Write your own comment based on the point.

Pr，,ct Gather information about AIDS and make a brochune to distribute to students. The brochure should include facts about HTV, how it is spread and what you can do to help.

/〔^Language Link the following to the most likely speakers.

1. Sit!

a. usherer

2. Show me your licence.

b. dentist

3. Please open your mouth.

c. dog owner

4. Do your homework first.

d. mother

5. No talking!

e. policeman

6. This way please!

£ platoon leader

7. Forward march!

g. examination invigilator

Imperatives Imperatives are verbs used to give orders, commands, warnings or instructions. You use

"please” to make a request. To make an imperative, we use the infinitive of the verb without "to". For example: Come here!

To make a negative imperative, put "do not" or "don't” before the verb. For example: Do not / Don》walk on the grass.

If you are including yourself in the imperative you can also use “let's" before the verb. The negative of "let's” is "let's not". For example: Let's not argue. You can also use the imperative to make a request, but you should use a polite word before the verb. For example: Please take a seat.

Examples: • Stop now. • Let's have some music. • Please don't smoke here.

Unit8 Tick the imperatives. 1. You must try harder.

(

)

4. Just a minute.

()

2. Do you want a drink?

(

)

5. She is here now.

()

3. Please hold on.

(

)

Match the sentences correctly. 1. Please be

J

a. two times a day.

2. Do reply

J

b. hands properly.

3. Post it

.

c. handwriting.

4.

J

Stand

0

d. down the volume. e. straight.

5. Wash your

a

6. Take one pill

J

j

f. and match.

7. Look right, look left,

J

J

g- then look to the right again.

8. Improve your

J

.

h. to my letter soon.

9. Please turn

d

i. careful.

10. Mix

u

j- on Facebook.

Fill 加 the blanks. Take great care if someone in the house is ill. To prevent the spread of infectious

diseases, (1)children against the dangerous infectious diseases such as polio.

(2)people suffering from an infectious disease and do (3)let children go near the sick room. (4)

children who have been exposed to

an infectious disease away from school until the doctor gives the green light for their

return. (5)immediately clothes and articles used by the patient by soaking in a disinfectant or washing in hot water. Also, (6)sure the patient's

room is well ventilated. Finally, (7)that the patient is comfortable and constantly monitored.

227

Common Errors

^^ In each of the sentences below, four parts are underlined and lettered Z, B, C and D. One of these parts contains an error. Circle the letter Indicating the error. 1. Although it was raining very heavily but the children still came to school. A B C D 2. Even though Muilan is from Taiwan, she has grown lo loves the local food here. A B C D 3. John likes travelling and to write about the exotic places he visits. A B C D

4. At a command from its master, the dog will quickly lay down. A

C

B

D

5. Both of the patients has recovered 50m their illness. A B CD 6. Please refbnd back my deposit 竺 I wish to cancel my booking. A BCD 7. The students have been advised to be conscientious and do everything carefiiHy. A

B

C

D

急 Sound System Homonyms, Homopl

\imt8

and Homographs

Homonyms are words with the same spelling and sound alike but are different in meaning.

Examples: • There is enough space in my car for six persons. • The United States spent billions of dollars on space exploration.

Homophones are words that sound alike but are different in meaning and spelling.

Examples: • The poor woman had to carry that heavy pail of water. • Though he has recovered from his illness, he still looks pak.

Homographs are words with the same spelling but different pronunciation.

Examples: • The dog was licking its wound (wu:nd). • Though I wound (wuand) the alarm clock, it soon stopped.

力

Listen attentively when your teacher read the following pairs of w・ syllabled homographs and then repeat them. Notice how the pairs of words differ in stress and phonemes. 1. permit (n)

/'p3：mit/

permit (v)

/p9 1 mit/

2. import (n)

/'工mpo:t/

import (v)

/工m 'po:t/

3. project (n)

/'prDdsekt/

project (v)

/pre 1 d3ekt/

4. increase (n)

/1 iqkri:s/

increase (v)

/in1 kri:s/

5. compact (n)

/1 kompaekt/

compact (v)

/kam1 p$kt/

Give the homophones for the following words and then practise saying them. serial

rites

thyme

vain

root

herd

cruise

draft

preys

tiers

Give other examples of homonyms, homophones and homographs and make sentences with them. Read the sentences to your partner. Can your partner point out the homonyms, homophones and homographs in the sentences?

it8

Enrichment Terms Relat

Diseases

Study the terms below and then use them in the sentences. acute - sharp; having intense, often severe symptoms and a short course

chronic - a condition developing slowly and persisting over time infectious - disease that can be easily spread

malignant - harmful or cancerous malnutrition - lack of good food marked - significant

mortality rate - death rate; ratio of total number of deaths to total number in a given

population recurring - to occur again; describes a return of symptoms and signs after a period of

quiescence (rest or inactivity) symptom - occurrence; subjective evidence of disease that is perceived by the patient

and often noted in his or her own words syndrome - a running together; combination of symptoms and signs that give a distinct

clinical picture indicating a particular condition

1. He had an appendicitis.

pain in his lower abdomen and was diagnosed as having

2. The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that infects and destroys CD4+ helper T-cells in the immune system, causing the reduction in their number and thus lowering resistance to life-threatening infections. 3. One of the

of stress is insomnia or the inability to sleep well.

4. The tests confirmed the presence of non

cells in the tumour.

231

5. He has a

cough, most probably because he is a smoker.

6. People can become ill easily if they suffer from. 7. The infant

rate in poor countries is quite high.

8. His brother suffers from Down's,

9. A person suffering from an

disease must be isolated.

10. If your fever keeps, it may be a sign of dengue fever.

?

Word List

1.

additional (adj)

extra

2.

allergy (n)

adverse reaction of the

keadaan sensitive

body to some substance

terhadap makanan

tambah

附加的 过敏反应

3.

cavities (n)

holes

lubang

4.

contagious (adj)

can be caught by touching

beijangkit

洞 接触传 染的

部分宰杀

people or things that are infected

5.

culling (n)

selective killing of

pilih dan sembiiih

animals

binatang

6.

deficiency (n)

lack

kekurangan

7.

enhance (v)

to improve

menambah

8.

excellent (adj)

very good

sangat baik

9.

extreme (adj)

great

terlampau

10. fatigue (n)

tiredness

kepenatan

11. frequently (adv)

often

berulang kali

12. generate (v)

produce

menimbul

genetically (adv)

from birth

asal usul

hacking (adj)

dry cough

batuk yang teruk

imperative (adj)

must

mustahak

intermediary (n)

middle link (a person who

orang tengah

缺乏 改善 优异的 极端的 疲劳 经常 产生 遗传的 咳嗽 紧急的 中间人

tries to help two groups agree

with each other)

17. insufficient (n)

not enough

tidak cukup

18. irritability (n)

state of being disturbed

perasaan marah

19. life-threatening (adj)

dangerous, can cause

yang boleh

death

membawa maut

illness (feeling that you are ill

tidak sihat

20. malaise (n)

不足的 暴躁的 有生命危 险的 全身乏力

or unhappy) 21. manifests (v)

shows

menunjuk

22. mutation (n)

change in genetic

perubahan

表明 变异

structure 23. nasal (adj)

relating to the nose

bekenaan hidung

24. observations (n)

what you note

peninjauan

25. pathologist (n)

person working on the

pengaji ilmu penyakit

鼻子的 观察 病理学家

asingkan sementara

隔离

menentang

抵抗

cause and effect of diseases 26. quarantining (v)

isolating to prevent

spread of illness 27. resistance (n)

ability not to be affected

2g. secondary (adj)

coming after (not as important

yang kedua

次要的

as something else) 29. stable (adj)

not becoming worse

tetap

稳定的

30. sturdy (adj)

strong

kuat

结实的

31. symptoms (n)

signs

pertandii

症状

32. tainted (adj)

not pure

memcemarkan

败坏

33. transmittable (adj)

can be passed from one person

boleh disiarkan

传播

or place to another

34. transmission (n)

spreading

pancaran

传播

35. triggers (v)

starts

mencetuskan

触发

36. unique (adj)

one of a kind

hanya satu-satunya

唯一的

37. unprotected (adj)

not safe

tidak dilindungi

不受保护

38. variant (n)

another version

berbeza

变种

39. ventilated (adj)

aired

menyedarkan udant

通风

40. volume (n)

the amount of sound produced

kekuatan bunyi

音量

• Space Exploration and Technology • Consonant Clusters /spr/, /skr/ and /spl/

LESSON 1 Wal Look at the words and their meaning below. Discuss in your group why space exploration and technology is important in today's world. Space or outer space is the physical universe beyond the earth's atmosphere.

Technology is about the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes.

Listening for Classification Classifying is sorting things into groups. In this way, we can understand and remember them easily. For example, we put on many items when we dress up. They can be classified into groups such as clothes or accessories. Classifying things makes it easier to see relationship

between them.

Steps: 1. Identify the things that need to be classified

2. Identify the classes or groups into which things are to be sorted. Each group will have one or more qualities that make it different from any other group. 3. Group the items based on their qualities or uses.

Example: Technology - Internet, satellites, fax machines, mobile phones, microwave oven, GPS

Create suitable group headings and classify the following items into the appropriate groups. computer / books / microwave oven / daisy / GPS satellite / radio / fork and spoon / the

Internet / cakes / warm water / mobile phones / bougainvillea / pots and pans

Unit 9

Listen to the talk given by Samantha and Jared on the importance of space and technology and the benefits that it has brought to mankind. Then answer the questions. 1. Space technology has brought a lot of benefits to our modern world. Since the beginning of (i), space technology has brought more (ii)to mankind than any other technological progress in the world.

2. Classify the following items and information in correct groups. satellites / telecommunication network / watching news / the Internet / television stations / GPS satellites / meteorological events / location / weather satellites

Technological Breakthroughs

Benefits

a)

a)

d)

b)

b)

e)

c)

c)

3. If there were no satellites, state the two things that humankind would not be able to do.

4. State two benefits that broadcast satellites and GPS satellites have provided mankind.

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words that you have listened from Jared's talk on the advantages that space technology has brought to mankind. 1. Microwave appliance that is used to reheat food was derived from a (i)

programme to allow astronauts to heat their (ii)meals.

Even the Thermos flasks that are used at home to keep water or coffee warm was derived from the (iii)techniques of space technology of the 1960s.

237

2. Alkaline (i)that are used for toys and gaming devices were first patented by NASA and it was used to (ii)portable

devices or equipment that the astronauts needed to use without being hooked up to a main power supply.

LESSON 2 War.-iip Rearrange each group of letters to form a word. Discuss the meaning of each word below. • • • • •

acspe echnotgylo ciensce verdisyco duetionca

Listen to and "■•■■•■nd l!l♦ma•i。n in a Report A report is an account, written or spoken, about a topic, event or situation. The tone and style of a report are formal to ensure clarity and direct, accurate communication. This is in contrast to a descriptive or reflective text which is usually more subjective and is coloured by the writer's feelings, attitudes, values and beliefs.

Example: The moon suit made of fibreglass is lightweight, durable, and flexible and repels water. Being flexible, fibreglass is used for roofs of buildings. It can expand when heated and contract when cold. The moon suit fabric is even better than most roofs in that the moon suit fabric won't catch fire. It weighs only 1/3 Oth as much as a conventional roof of the same size. That makes a building easier and cheaper to build. The fabric also lets in light and reflects heat, which reduces cooling and lighting costs.

Unit 9 Identify the sentence that would notfit into the report below.

Plankton is the bottom of the food chain in the ocean. They are eaten by tiny marine creatures, which in turn are eaten by other animals. Animals are so cute and useful. Like other plants, plankton gives off oxygen as a by product of photosynthesis. Much of the world's oxygen comes from plankton. So, it is important for the whole world that we take care of our oceans. One of the ways scientists check the health of the oceans is to measure the amount of plankton in a given area. They do this by measuring the amount of glow (fluorescence) given off by plankton.

Practice Choose the right answers to complete the information below. 1. Schools should.

2. The young should be. 3. The next generation.

4. The government authorities should.

a. have a more focussed space programme. b. should excel in Mathematics and Science.

c. include space studies. d. open minded and imaginative.

LESSON 1 War This warm-up activity w〃/ need you to do some research. Fill in the blanks with the answers you have found during your research. 1. Neil Armstrong was the first man to land on the.

2. NASA Headquarters is based in. 3. was Malaysia's first astronaut. 4. A region of space where nothing including light can escape is known as the

Talking about Scientific Inventions and Discoveries When you talk about a scientific topic, you need to make it clear and interesting to capture the attention of your listener. Below are some pointers that can be used to assist you. Pointers 1. Be clear in what you wish to convey. 2. Your information must be accurate because it is a topic based on facts. 3. Have an in-depth knowledge on your topic as this will help you to answer any questions on the topic.

Useful expressions:

Have you heard about...?

No, can you tell me about it?

It was discovered by ...

It is ...

Is it...?

How wonderful!

It should be ...

Unit 9 Example: Beth

: Hi! Jan. Have you heard about the car that can run on water?

Jan

: No, Beth. Can you tell me about it?

Beth

: I will be happy to. It was invented by a Japanese company. It is called the water car.

Jan

: Really? That's cool! It should be more environment friendly. Is it more economical?

Beth

: Yes, I think so.

Jan

: How wonderful!

Fill in the blanks with suitable expressions. Ramani

: Hi! Susie. (1)new glass surface with multiple uses?

Susie

: No, Ramani. (2)?

Ramani

: I will be happy to. (3)—

— by a US company. (4)—

photosensitive. : Really? Thafs cool! (5)touch sensitive too.(6)

Susie

thermally durable?

Ramani

: Yes, I think so.

Susie

: (7)!

Pra^ice

圃

Speak to your class about the discoveries below. You will be required to use the proper greeting forms that you have learnt in previous units. Some of the discoveries that you can use are listed below but you are required to add others based on your own research. Discoveries: Newton - Laws of motion (basis for classical physics) Albert Einstein - Theory of special relativity

Edwin Hubble - Discovered that the Milky Way is just one of the many galaxies.

241

After discussing with your partner, share your story with the rest of the class. Scenarios that you can use are listed below. You are encouraged to create your own scenarios. - Will the general population be able to travel to the moon in the near future? - Cars will no longer be driven on the roads but in the sky. - Food will no longer be in the form we are used to but in pills. - There will be skateboards that work without wheels...and fly in the sky.

LESSON 2 、Expressing Agr—ii，iit and Disagreement In everyday communication, we exchange our viewpoints, express our likes, dislikes or just make routine comments. There may be agreement but sometimes we may disagree with what the other is sharing.

Useful expressions:

—