Studies on the development and biology of two trematodes, Bunodera eucaliae and Posthodiplostomum minimum

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STUDIES OH THE DEVELOPMENT AHD BIOLOGY OF TWO TRBMATODES, BUMODERA EUCALIAE AHD POSTHODIPLOSTOMUM MIHIMUM

by Glenn Lyle Hoffman

A d i s s e r t a t i o n su b m itted in p a r t ia l f u l f i l l m e n t o f th e r e ­ q uirem ents fo r th e d eg ree o f Doe t o r o f P h ilo s ophy, in th e Department o f Z oology in th e Graduate G o lleg e o f th e S ta te U n iv e r s ity o f Iowa June 1950

ProQuest Number: 10583786

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uest, ProQ uest 10583786 Published b y ProQ uest LLC (2017). C opyright o f th e Dissertation is h eld by th e Author. All rights reserved. This work is p r o te c te d a g a in st unauthorized co p y in g under Title 17, United S ta tes C o d e Microform Edition © ProQ uest LLC. ProQ uest LLC. 789 East Eisenhow er Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 - 1346

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fh e w r it e r w ish e s t o thank th e fo llo w in g : P r o fe ss o r L* 0* M olf, under whose guidance th e stu d y was perform ed} P r o fe s s o r F. G« Brooks o f C o rn ell C o lle g e , Mt. Vernon, Iowa who k in d ly I d e n t i f i e d most o f th e cercari& e used} Dr* J . P* BU M orrison o f th e Sm ithsonian I n s t i t u ­ t i o n , W ashington, D.C* who i d e n t i f i e d the m o llu s c s ; th e s t a f f o f th e N o rth ea st Area B io lo g y Laboratory and F ish H atchery o f th e W isconsin C on servation Department f o r a s s is t a n c e In the c o l l e c t i o n o f f i s h and th e u se o f la b o r a to r y equipm ent; and th e Iowa S ta t e C o n serv a tio n Commission fo r su p p ly in g some o f the b l u e g i l l s u n f is h used*

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TABLE OF CONTENTS Pag© I n tr o d u c tio n

X

Part I

II

S tu d ie s on th© l i f e h is t o r y o f Bunodera ©uoalia© 2 Trematoda, A llo c r e a d iid a © ••

5

A d u lts ** Ova and ra ira cid ia , »*• «. *»*"«• ..jtd0stomum fa r ^ o n is (M u lle r ), «r, F a r a s lt o l 9 9 (6 )3 7 9 -3 8 4 . D a v is t D. J* 1936 R eport on th e p rep a ra tio n o f an h i s t o l y t i c ferm en t p r e s e n t in th e b o d ie s o f c e r c a r ia e , J . P a r a s l t , 2 2 -1 0 3 . D ub ois, 3 • 19.56 Tfouveaux p r in c ip le s &e c l a s s i f i c a t i o n des Tremato&ee du group® das S t r lg e id a , Rev* S u isse S o o l. Geneve, 4 3 s507*510. 1938 Monographic d es S t r lg e id a (Tre mated*} Memoires de l a S o c ie te N e u c h a te lo ise dee S c ie n c e s H a t u r e lle s • Tome V I. Uni ver s i t e le u c h a t e l ( S u is s e ) . F erguson, M* S . 1937 E xperim ental s t u d ie s on B o s th o d lp lo s to mum minimum (MacCallum, 1 9 2 1 ), a tremafcode from h e r o n s. T h esis A b str a ct * U n iv. I l l i n o i s 54-6, 1940 E$eystm ent and s t e r i l i s a t i o n o f m eta cerca riae o f th e a v ia n s tr ig © id tramat ode Posthodjpiostomum minimum, and t h e ir developm ent in t o a d u lt worms In s t e r i l e c u lt u r e . J , P & rasit, 2 6 (5 )* 3 5 9 -3 7 2 . 1945a In v i t r o c u lt iv a t io n o f trem atode m etacerearia® f r e e from m icroorgan ism s. 1 , P a r a s it , 2 9 (5 ) s 3 1 9 -3 2 3 .

65

1943% M ig ra tio n and lo c a lis& fc l on o f an anim al para­ s i t e w it h in th e h o s t . J . Exp. Z o o l. 9 3 (3 ) *375-389. — 1945© E xp erim en ta l s t u d ie s on th e f i s h h o s ts o f Fosthodjplostom um minimum ( Trematoda: s t r l g e i d a ) ♦ J . P a r a s I t . 9 9 (5 )8 3 5 0 -3 5 3 . F is c h t b a l, J . H. 1945a P a r a s ite s o f n orth w est W isconsin f i s h e s . X* The 1944 S u rvey. T r. Wls* Acad* S e i . , Arts* and L e t t s « 3 7 * 1 5 7 -2 2 0 . —

- 1946b P a r a s it e s o f Brule R iv er f i s h e s . Tr. Wls. A cad. S c i . , Arts* and L e t t . 37*575-278.

Hare* R. 0* 1943 An e c o l o g i c a l stu d y o f the worm p a r a s it e s o f p o rta g e Lake f i s h e s . Ohio J , S o l. 4 3 ( 5 ) t201 -2 0 8. Hemenway* M arilyn 1948 S tu d ie s on ©xcystmenfc o f Clinostomum m eta o erea ria e by Use o f a r t i f i c i a l d ig e s t io n .

la*

Acad. S c l . 5 5 :3 7 5 -3 8 1 . H opkins, S . H. 1954 Th© p a p illo s e A llo c r e a d iid a e . 111. B io l. Monogr. 1 3 ( 2 ) 1 - 8 0 . Hughes, R. C« 1928 S tu d io s on th© trem atode fa m ily S t r i g e i da© (H o lo sto m id a o ). IX. fleascus van c le a v e l (Agerab o r g ). Tr* Am* M icr. S oc. XLVXI*320-341, P is . 4 5 -4 7 , f i g s . 1 -1 1 . Hunnlnon, A. V. 1936 S tu d io s o f f i s h p a r a s ite s in th e D ela­ ware and Susquehanna w a tersh ed s. (In A b io lo g ic a l su rv ey o f th e Delaware and Susquehanna w a te rsh ed s.)

66

25* Atm* Bep. H. York S ta te C onservation Dept* (1 9 3 5 ), S u p p l., pp* 257-245* H unter,

* W* H I* 1957 P a r a s itis m o f f i s h e s in th e low er Hudson area* (In A b i o l o g i c a l su rvey o f the low er Hudson w a tersh ed ) 26* Ann* Hep* N* York S ta te Con­ s e r v a t io n Dept* {1 9 5 6 ), S u p p l., pp. 264 -2 7 3 .

H unter,

•* W*f 111 and H unter, W. 1931 S tu d ie s on f i s h p a r a s it e s in th© St* Lawrence watershed*

(In A

b i o l o g i c a l survey o f the St* Lawrence w atershed) 2 0 . Ann* Rep* W* York S ta te C onservation Dept* \ (1 9 5 0 ), Suppl*, pp. 1 9 7 -2 1 6 , f ig s * 1-5* ‘ 1932 X* S tu d ie s on p a r a s it e s o f f i s h and f i s h - e a t ­ in g b i r d s . (In A b i o l o g i c a l su rvey o f th e Oswegatcc i e and B lack R iver sy stem s) 21. Ann, Rep. H. York S ta t e C on servation Dept* (1 9 5 1 ), Suppl*, pp. 252271, f ig s * 1 -3 . 1940 S tu d ie s on th© developm ent o f the raetacercaria and th e n a tu re of th e c y s t o f Fobthodiolostom um minimum {MacCallum, 1921) (Trematodaj s t r i g e a t a ) . Tr* Am* Mior* Soc* 5 9 { l)s 6 2 -6 5 * K&marova, M. S . 1941 The l i f e c y c le o f Bunodera lu c io p e r c a e . C. R* Acad* S ci* Moscow H* S . 31(2)184-185* I l a k , G. E. 1939 Meascub i n f e s t a t i o n o f b la ck -h ea d , b lu n tn o sed , and o th e r fo ra g e minnows. Tr. Am. P is h . Soc* 6 9 j

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2 7 $ *278. Lei&y* J« 1886 A s y n o p s is o f ©ntossoa and son© o f t h e ir ©ctocongener® , o b served by th© a u th o r . Proe, Acad. Mat. S o l . , P M la ., 8 :4 2 -5 8 . Levin©, M. D ,, ©t &1# 1948 On th e d em on stration o f h y a lu ro n idaao in corcaria© o f Schistosom a mansoni. J. P a r a s ite 5 4 ( 2 ) :1 5 8 -1 6 1 . L in to n , E* 1898 Mote® on trematod© p a r a s it e s o f f i s h e s . P roc. U, S. Mat, Mus, 2 0 :5 0 7 -6 4 8 . MacC&llum, G* A* 1921 S tu d ie s in h elm in th o lo g y . Zoopath, L: 1 5 6 -2 8 4 , M ille r , E . L. 1936 S tu d ie s on Hcrth American cerca rla © . I l l i ­ n o is B io lo g ic a l Monographs 1 4 ( 2 ): M ille r , H* M« J r . 1925 Motes on some fu rco cerco u s la r v a l trem a to d es. J . P a r a s it . 1 0 :5 5 -4 6 , M ille r , M. J , 1956 Bunoderina e u c a lla e Gen. e t Sp, Mov., a new p a p illo s e a llo c r e a d iid a © from the s t i c k l e ­ back, Can&d. J. B es. D, 1 4 :1 1 -1 4 , H ob le, A. E, 1936 Mew a v ia n trem atodes o f th e genus MepdlploStornum. J. P a r a s I t, 2 2 :2 4 7 -2 5 4 . Pears© , A. S , 1924 The p a r a s it e s of la k e f i s h e s . Tr. Uri s , Acad* S o l . , A r ts , and L e t t . 2 1 :1 6 1 -1 9 4 .

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R e e s, trwen&olen. 1948 A stu d y o f th e e f f e c t o f l i g h t , tem­ p era tu re , and s a l i n i t y on th e emergence o f Cero a r ia m m m w m la b o u r from H u cella l a p i l l u s

(L ).

P a r a s it . 3 8 { 4 } :2 2 8 -2 4 2 , S t a f f o r d , J* 1904 Trema&odes from Canadian f is h e s * 3ool* Anz • 2 7 1481*»495» Van C le a v e , H, 0 * , and M u eller, J, 1934 P a r a s ite s of Cnelda Lake f i s h e s . I I I , A b i o l o g i c a l and e c o lo g ic a l su r­ v ey Of worm p a r a s ite s * R o o sev e lt Wild L ife Annals 3 (3 and 4 ):1 6 1 -3 3 4 . Venard, C. E, 1940a S tu d ie s on th e p a r a s it e s o f F o a lfo o t Lake f i s h e s . I* P a r a s ite s o f th e large-m outhed b la c k b ass* J , Tenn* Acad* S ci* 1 5 t 4 3 -6 3 , 1940b S tu d ie s on p a r a s it e s o f B e e lfo o t Lake f i s h . I I , P a r a s ite s o f th e warmouth b a s s, Chaenobryttus gift os u^ (C uvier and V a len cien n es)* J, Tenn. Acad, S c i , 1 6 ( 1 ) g!4-15* V ig u e r a s , P* 1944 Trematodes d© l a su p e r fa m llia S tr ig e o id e a j d e s c r ip t io n do un genero y s l e t e © sp ecies nuevas* U n lv ersid a d d© l a Habana, 17?294~514,

69

E x p la n a tio n o f F ig u res F ig u r e s I to 6 * Bunodara e u c a lfa a . F ig u r e s 7 t o 2$~ F p s th o d lg lo s t epim m in im a*

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Fig# B F&m