SPM Biology Form 4 KBSM 9832739020, 9789832739029

Table of contents :
01 Introduction to Biology
02 Cell Structure
03 Movement across Plasma Membrane
04 Chemical Composition of the Cell
05 Meiosis and Mitosis
06 Nutrition
07 Respiration
08 Dynamic Ecosystem
09 Endangered Ecosystem

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Abiotic component 174 abomasum 115 absorption 117 active site canier protein 46 enzyme 70, 72 active transport 46 adenosine triphosphate (ATP) 46. 133-134. 151-152 aeroponics l 40 aiibome transmission 196 alga 192 algal bloom 210 alimentary canal human 112 rodent 114 alveoli 158 amino acids 67, I l l- l l2. J14-115, 118-120 amoeba22 Animalia190 animal cloning 91 anorexia nervosa 119 antibiotics 197 antiseptics I 97 assimilation 119 autotrophic nutrition 102 Bacteria 192 balanced diet J03-105. I 07, 122. 139 bicarbonate ions I 6 I bile 114 binary fission 23 biochemical oxygen demand 2LJ biodiversity 188, 206 biological control 142 biotechnology 4, 197 biotic component 174 bivalenr94 blood glucose level 34 blood osmotic pressure 34 bolus 113 breathing rate I 63 bulimia 123 Callus 91 canning 144 carbohydrates58,62. 103-105, 110-111, 115,117,119 dissaccharides 62, 114 monosaccharides 62, I15 reducing sugars 63 polysaccharides 63, 11 J carbonic acid I 6 l cardiovascular disease l l0 high blood pressure 1 I 0 cancer90

carban1inohaemoglobin 161 canier protein 43, 44 ceU cycle86 interphase 86 mitotic cell division 86 cell division 84 cytokinesis 84 nuclear division 84 cell organisation 25 cell plate 87 cell structure J 5 cellulose 115 cell wall 15, 17 cell 15 somatic cell 85 reproductive cell 85 central chemoreceptor 164 centrioles 19 centromere 87 chemical contents 34 chemosynthesis I 02 cbiasmata 95 chloroplast 19. l27, 130-133 grana 133 stroma l33 chlorophyll l9, 133, 135 chlorosis 127 cholesterol 43 chromatin 86 chromosomal number 85 chromosomes 1.7,85 clevage furrow 88 clones 91 cloning 91 chlorofluorocarbons 215 colonisation 182 cofactors 71 colon 121 compensation point 168 competition 179 intraspecific 180 imerspecific 180 climax community 183 community l82 condensation 63 conservation 198 coun.tercurrent exchange 156 crenation 50 crop rotation 142 crossing over 94 culture solption 126-127 cytokinesis 84, 88-89 cytoplasm 17 cytoplasmic division 84 Daughter cells 84 deaminalion 120

decomposers 194 defaecation 12 I deforestation 205,214 depla�molysis 51 detoxification 120 diabetes mellirus 110 diaphragm 158 dietary fibre 103, I l5 digestion 111-116 chemical 112 physical I l 2 digestive enzyme 112 digestive juices 112 gastric juice I 13 intestinal juice I l4 pancreatic juice 114 dipeptide 65 diploid 85 diploid zygote 94 direct seeding 140 disinfectant 197 dominant species l83 droplets transmission I 96 drying 144 duodenum 114 dynamic equilibium 45 Ecology 174 ecosystem181 elements 58 embryo24 endoplasmic reticulum18 rough endoplasmic reticulum 18 smooth endoplasmic reticulum 18 energy requirement I 04 value104 enzymes 70-76 amylase, salivary 112 amylase, pancreatic 114 extracellular enzyme 71 intracellullar enzyme 72 lipase I 14 maltase 114 pepsin 113 renin I 13 trypsin 114 epidermis 28, 30, 130-13 I eutrophication 207, 2 l0 Facilitated diffusion 45 faeces 120 fatty acids 68-69 fermentation 144 flaccid 50, 52 fluid-mosaic model 43 fiJaments 156 food chain 176

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