Smart Business Idioms = Оригинальные бизнес-идиомы 9785392237821

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Л. К. Науменко

S M A RT BUSINESS IDIOMS ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ БИЗНЕС-ИДИОМЫ

Москва 2017

УДК 811.111(075.8) ББК 81.2Англ-923 N30

Электронные версии книг на сайте www.prospekt.org

Авторы: Науменко Л. К. — доцент кафедры иностранных языков по экономическим направлениям Восточного института — Школы региональных и международных исследований Дальневосточного федерального университета. Почетный работник высшего профессио­нального образования, лауреат премии им.В. П. Вологдина.

Naumenko L. K. N30

Smart Business Idioms = Оригинальные бизнес-идиомы. — Москва : Проспект, 2017. — 192 с. ISBN 978-5-392-23782-1 Главная цель данной книги — познакомить читателя с самыми полезными, универсальными и легкими в использовании идиомами делового английского языка. Важное достоинство пособия состоит в том, что приведенные в нем выражения подходят почти «на все случаи жизни» — для профессиональных дискуссий, деловых встреч, презентаций, переговоров, отчетов и писем. Подобранные идиомы также полностью интернациональны. Их поймет любой собеседник в любой точке мира, они никак не связаны со спецификой и культурой англоговорящих стран. Данное пособие — это не просто словарь. Более того, это не обычный «сборник идиом», но гибкий инструмент для тренировки и совершенствования практических навыков деловой коммуникации. В книге представлен отдельный, самостоятельный курс обучения. Он знакомит читателя с идиомами, дает их перевод и адекватные аналоги в русском языке, предлагает живые примеры использования, а также позволяет потренировать свое умение грамотно ввести их в речь. В конце книги приведен список ответов на задания из пособия, что особо поможет тем, кто занимается языком самостоятельно.

УДК 811.111(075.8) ББК 81.2Англ-923 Изображение на обложке Vladvm/Shutterstock.com.

ISBN 978-5-392-23782-1

© Науменко Л. К., 2016 © ООО «Проспект», 2016

Introduction The intention of this book is to provide a selection of the most useful, most international and least confusing idioms to lighten the learning-load for a learner of English. The first and main feature of this book is that it provides a range of idioms which can safely be used on almost any occasion from discussions and meetings to presentations, negotiations, reports and letters. The second feature of this book is that all the idioms can be used wherever English is spoken. For this reason the idioms aren’t linked to any limited or specific areas of life or culture in Englishspeaking countries. The idioms are arranged in alphabetical order to make it easier to find the right words at the right time and for the right purpose. A definition of each idiom is provided. Definitions are followed by example sentences which illustrates the meaning of the idioms. Each idiom appears at least five times in exercises throughout the book. This reinforcement is essential to the learning process and demonstrates how naturally and frequently these idioms occur in many contexts. This book isn’t a dictionary. Also, it’s not simply “a book of idioms”, but a flexible course in practical business and professional communication, complete in itself. It incorporates the many essential idioms, which are often used, but rarely taught. It’s important to remember that, in essence, this book is a practical book and the learners will get most benefit from it by using it as such, whether they are working alone or with a teacher. Answer key is provided to check the answers and will be especially helpful if the learners are working alone. 3

A is for .................................................. Above all (else) — most importantly (of all) — прежде всего, главным образом, в основном, больше всего. We have several matters to consider. Above all, however, is the question of financing our new project. According to — following, corresponding to, in relation to, as said by, depending on — согласно, в соответствии с, по утверждению, по словам, по мнению. The foreman was disciplined according to the rules laid down for the offence. Account for — to explain, to give a full or satisfactory answer for — отчитываться в чем-либо, отвечать за что-либо, объяснять что-либо. Price rises can be accounted for by increased demand or decreased availability of supply. Acid test — the most effective and essential test of a quality — серьезное испытание. Road trials of the new car will provide the acid test of its safety and reliability. Agree on/to/with — to reach or make agreement about, to accept, to have the same opinion as, to come to the same conclusion — соглашаться с кем-либо (with), c чем-либо (to), на чтолибо, уславливаться (on). I am afraid we cannot agree to your offer. The negotiators quickly agreed on two matters. 4

Ahead of time/schedule — earlier than arranged, expected or planned — досрочно с опережением графика. The Minister’s arrival ahead of schedule caused a minor panic. Aim at — to plan to, to try to, to reach or hit an objective, goal or target — стремиться, нацеливаться, прицеливаться. This experiment aims at showing how to measure the volume of water. (The) aim of exercise — the purpose or objective of this activity which may not immediately be clear or apparent — цель деятельности. The aim of the exercise is to give a general explanation of how the product operates. All important — most important, urgent or necessary — крайне важный, первостепенной важности. Speed, surprise and superiority are all important as factors for success in commercial operations. All in all — taking everything into account and weighing it up, summarizing by comparing the positive and negative factors — в общем, все. Although the company has had its problems over the last twelve months, all in all it has been a successful year. All or nothing — to be or to be aiming at one hundred per cent of something — все или ничего. This company has an all or nothing policy with its smaller suppliers. Allow for — to take into consideration or account — принимать во внимание, учитывать, допускать. Company cash flow projections are inaccurate; they don’t allow for bad debts or salary increases. All systems go — to be in a condition or attitude of total readiness to go ahead — все работает нормально, все в полной готовности. 5

How do you feel about the new project? — I am on all systems go. Along these lines — in this way or according to or by following this method — вроде, типа. Your new employment contract will be along the lines of your last one, except for a salary increase. Amount to — to total, to mean, to result in — составлять сумму, равняться, быть равным, равнозначащим. Although at first the proposals seemed attractive, in fact they amounted to very little. And so on — and other similar details; etc. — и так далее. I don’t know him very well, although we’ve shared the same office and so on for two years. Argue against — to oppose with logic — полемизировать. The Research and Development Manager argued strongly against reducing his department’s annual budget. Arise from — to originate from, to be due, to be caused by — происходить, проистекать. Misunderstandings often arise from language problems. Arrange for — to fix or make practical plans for something to happen or to be done — подготавливать, организовывать. Let’s arrange for a meeting now. How about Friday, nine o’clock, your office? As far as it goes — within certain limited incomplete or imperfect bounds — что касается (чего-либо), что до (чего-либо). Your argument seems logical, as far as it goes, but to be honest it doesn’t tackle the real issues here. As long as — if the situation exists that, provided that, but only if — пока, до тех пор. We aren’t going to make a profit as long as we continue employing too many people. 6

As a rule — usually (but not always) — как правило, обычно. As a rule we deliver within 7 days of receipt of order. As such — in or by its nature, considered alone, in itself — как таковой, по существу. The company as such is in a strong financial position. As to — about, regarding — в отношении We have to weigh up the pros and cons — as to the risks and opportunities. As usual — as always, in the normal or accustomed way — как всегда, как обычно. An annual bonus will be paid as usual to employees who have performed well this year. As we have seen — as has already been shown, proved or demonstrated — как мы видели, как мы поняли. As we have seen from the trading figures, sales in all sectors are up, although profits remain marginal. As well (as) — too, also, in addition to — так же как, а так же, заодно и. As well as being the best on the market, our products are also reasonably priced. As a whole — taken or considered all together; in aggregate — в целом, в общем, в общей массе. The group as a whole approved the parent company’s proposal. As yet — up to now, up to the time of speaking, so far — все еще, пока, до сих пор, на данный момент, к настоящему моменту. As yet, we haven’t had time to consider your proposals. At all — to any or to some, extent or degree; in any way — совсем, полностью. If we can be of any help to you at all, please don’t hesitate to contact us. 7

At cross purposes — having a difference of opinions, wishes or objectives, leading to confusion — делать наперекор, говорить на разных языках. This is a complex matter, so let’s set up our objectives before we start, to make sure we don’t end up at cross purposes. At first — originally, in the first instance, at/in the beginning, to start with — вначале, сначала, на первых порах. It made sense at first to include overseas trade in our budget figures. At first sight (glance) — apparently at first, when seen for the first time — на первый взгляд, с первого взгляда. At first sight the contract seemed normal. At a glance — by looking quickly — с первого взгляда, сразу же. I am not sure if these figures are genuine. Maybe even an expert couldn’t tell at a glance. At least — to this minimum extent or amount or degree — по крайней мере, во всяком случае. It’s only a small order, but at least it’s better than nothing. At (the) most — up to a given maximum — самое большее, не больше чем. Bankruptcy is certain, at most we can just delay it, but we can’t prevent it. At once — immediately, very soon, right away — сразу, в тоже время, вместе с тем. Can you send this fax at once please, it’s very urgent. At the outset — at, from or shortly after some starting point — в начале. The product was more successful than we had expected at the outset. At the outside — as the highest estimate, at the most — самое большее, в крайнем случае. 8

How much does it cost? — At the outside I would guess around 50 dollars. At random — without specific aim, unsystematic — наугад, наобум, наудачу. The market researchers interviewed people at random in the street. At will — as or when one pleases, without restriction or limit — по желанию, как угодно. With a Gold Card you can travel almost at will. Average out at — to calculate or be calculated as an average — вычислять среднюю величину. Production time per unit averages out at two hours. 1. Fill in the blanks 1) Our boss doesn’t ______ interview clients after 5 o’clock, although he makes an exception for urgent cases. 2) _______ the financial press, our company’s share price has fallen due to poor trading results. 3) The confusion about the price ______ a typing error. 4) A successful managing director requires, ______ a thick skin. 5) This experiment ______ showing how efficient the market works. 6) Our flight arrived ______ can we bring forward our meeting? 7) We were told ______ that smoking isn’t allowed in the office. 8) It takes 20 minutes ______ from here to the office. 9) This suggestion would ______ complete disaster. 10) Now that the government has lifted its import restrictions our overseas competitors can operate in this country __________________ . 9

11) Children need many things, but __________________ they need love. 12) The new team faced its first ______ when it played the n ational champions. 13) We are now going to see a short video ___________ is to give a general explanation of how our company works. 14) I hope you can ___________________ he money you spent! 15) Do you think he'll ________________ their proposal? 16) The legal system seems to take an ________________. 17) But the climate crisis is the rare but ________________ global, or strategic, conflict. 18) What evidence do we have that Adams is willing to sign a n agreement ___________________? 19) You'd better leave early to _________________ traffic jams. 20) We've just got to get the software put in place and then it's ___________________. 21) Our company ___________________ a party ______ the holiday. 22) It doesn't say how things are connected, what causes what _____________________. 23) His own remarks ______ his qualifications for the office, but he probably will be elected anyway. 24) I cannot accept your manuscript ________________.. I t needs revisions. 25) ____________________, this law is a good one. It shoul d set stiffer penalties, however. 26) I will cooperate with you _____________. I am notified on time. 27) The production manager can’t be relied on any longer. _________________, every order is behind schedule. 10

28) We have some question __________ how the accident happened. 29) _______________, the girl forgot to bring her book to class. 30) The population _____________________ is getting healthier. 31) It's easy to export snapshots _____________________ HDTV video clips. 32) _____________________, our secretary has not talked about her plans to leave the company. 33) The two men are always ____________________. They cannot agree about anything. 34) I am not ________________ happy with my new computer. 35) _____________, his guess was that the whole trouble be tween the two men resulted from personalities that did not agree. 36) _______________ we chose the red one. Later we switc hed to the blue one. 37) The members of the team were chosen _____________ from among the regular players. 38) _____________ the chef uses a tiny bit of pepper. 39) The police came ________________ after we called them. 40) There weren't more than ten ___________________. 41) My annual holiday varies, but it ___________ ________________ five weeks a year. 2. Give the English for the Russian business idiom in brackets 1) The board (согласился с предложением) the finance director. 2) (В общем), you are just another brick in the wall. 11

3) The chairman, (с первого взгляда) seems just an ordinary person. 4) We are prepared to pay your asking price, (до тех пор, пока) you can deliver on time. 5) He’s a good manager (что касается его), an asset to the company, up to the point. 6) I think we are talking (на разных языках). So, it’s time we stopped discussing. 7) The production manager can’t be relied on any longer (Как мы видели) every order is behind schedule. 8) Not only are our products the best on the market, they are reasonably priced (так же). 9) The trade union representatives (полемизируют по поводу) company proposals to replace 60% of the workforce with machinery. 10) The government has rejected the (бескомпромиссный) approach in favor of a compromise solution. 11) Bad weather (объясняла) the long delay. 12) Steven joined the army because (прежде всего) he wanted to help his country. 13) Many words are pronounced (согласно) the spelling but some are not. 14) The perception of fairness is the (серьезное испытание) for democracy. 15) Defence was(крайне важна), and castles were designed with this end in view. 16) If you show up (заблаговременно), you will have to wait. 17) The new budget (нацелен на) providing extra support for the unemployed. 18) You’ve been telling us about your company’s plans without saying why; could you explain (цель деятельности). 19) Democracy (допускает) many differences of opinion. 12

20) I doubt that this business will ever (будет равнозначным) anything really profitable. 21) They've rented a hall and lined up the speakers, so it's (все в полной готовности) for the rally. 22) I can't remember exactly what words he used but it was something (что-то вроде того). 23) I need some help getting ready for dinner, setting the table, (и так далее). 24) Additional expenses (произошли из-за)your delay. 25) Who can (организовать) a meeting with experts for our company. 26) You are new to this job, and (по существу), I will have to train you. 27) Your plan is fine (Что касается). It doesn't seem to take care of everything, though. 28) (Как правило), things tend to get less busy after supper time. 29) The players were put into groups (соответственно) their ability. 30) Now I'm going to show you how business (обычно) will affect this. 31) I'm afraid I have nothing (совсем) to say. 32) (В целом), the relocation seems to have been beneficial. 33) We haven't needed extra staff (пока, на данный момент), but we may in the future. 34) There weren't so many people at the concert — 40 (самое большее). 35) There was a little trouble (на первых порах), but things soon were quiet. 36) There were (по крайней мере) 60,000 people in the stadium. 37) She sent these letters to several receivers (сразу). 13

38) (Вначале) of the meeting there were problems between some members of the group. 39) Sometimes I pay, sometimes he pays—it seems (мы в расчете). 40) Colds do not "last for weeks" — they last for three to ten days (от силы). 41) Contestants were chosen (на удачу) from the studio audience. 42) The little boy was able to do what he wanted (по желанию). 3. Paraphrase 1) By chance 2) At any time 3) At the beginning 4) Not more or probably less 5) At the same time 6) Until now 7) In addition to 8) In the true or exact meaning of the word or phrase 9) Without restriction or limit 10) Explain 11) Most importantly 12) Beforehand 13) Rigorous or crucial appraisal 14) Decide on (doing) something 15) on the whole ; generally 16) Plan to 17) The objective of the activity 18) Urgent or necessary 19) Result in 20) Take into consideration 21) Everything is ready for proceeding 22) By following this method 23) Oppose with logic

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24) 25) 26) 27) 28) 29) 30) 31) 32) 33) 34) 35) 36) 37) 38) 39) 40) 41)

And other similar details Be caused by Prepare or plan for Usually, but not always As much as something does, covers, or accomplishes But only if Regarding In itself As has already been proved In aggregate To any or some degree Having a difference of opinions At the beginning When seen for the first time Up to a given maximum Be calculated as an average To this minimum degree At the most

4. Underline the most suitable preposition in each of the expressions 1) At/on the outset 2) At/from a glance 3) Average from/out at 4) Amount at/to 5) Allow for/in 6) Aim to/at 7) Account on/for 8) According with/to 9) In/at the outside 10) In/at random 11) Amount to/at 12) Argue to/against 13) With/at first sight 14) Average out of/at 15) In/at random 16) On/at the outset 15

17) At/in most 18) On/at cross purposes 19) Arise from/out of 5. Translate from Russian into English 1) Новая система в целом очень хороша. 2) В твоем проекте все идет согласно плану? 3) Мой друг работает в успешной компании и я надеюсь устроиться в такую же. 4) Трудолюбие, талант и страстное желание — моменты первостепенной важности для карьерного роста. 5) Сейчас, когда мы определились с основными позициями, все будет работать нормально. 6) Непонимание часто возникает из-за различных точек зрения. 7) В магазинах нет вегетарианской пищи, как таковой. 8) До сих пор мы не нуждались в дополнительном штате. 9) Работа займет приблизительно 10 дней самое большее. 10) Политика компании нацелена на увеличение прибыли. 11) Денежный вопрос стал серьезным испытанием для их отношений. 12) Он любил охоту, бег на лыжах, но больше всего он любил свою семью. 13) Чем можно объяснить банкротство компании? 14) Я уверен, что мы завершим наш проект раньше графика. 15) Родители всегда расходятся во мнениях по поводу воспитания детей. 16) Хотя она очень осторожна с деньгами, ее сбережения не составляют большой суммы. 17) Цель этого мероприятия заключается в том, чтобы повысить надежность существующих данных в интересах нашей компании. 16

18) Только все или ничего. Если я не могу принять полноценного участия в собрании, то я совсем не приду. 19) Учитывая мою молодость и неопытность, Босс на первый раз простил мою оплошность. 20) Как правило, мужчины носят фраки на официальных приемах. 21) В наши обязанности входили отчеты о проделанной работе, планы работы и т.д. 22) Существуют новые научные открытия, которые полемизируют с более ранними концепциями. 23) В конце каждого месяца для сотрудников организуются поездки за город. 24) Пока еще нет решения относительно того, когда мы начнем работу. 25) Тебе не нужно сильно заботиться о девочках. Что касается Мэри — она всегда заботится о себе, а Сьюзен всегда была самостоятельной. 26) Можешь взять мою машину, если пообещаешь, что будешь очень осторожен. 27) Возьмите с собой, пожалуйста, костюм для плавания, а также полотенце. 28) Как обычно он ошибся со временем и мы опоздали на первую часть концерта. 29) Наши конкуренты, как мы уже поняли из опыта, всегда готовы снизить цены для того, чтобы заполучить большую долю на рынке. 30) Выборы — это возможность для населения в целом высказать свое отношение к правительству. 31) Две группы аналитиков работали в разных направлениях во время кризиса. 32) Его аргумент был совсем не убедительным. 33) Результаты не были многообещающими, но по крайней мере они были корректными. 17

34) Сначала работа показалась Бобу очень интересной, но вскоре он разочаровался. 35) На первый взгляд тест показался легким, но в нем было много мудреных вопросов. 36) Самое большее через неделю он поправится. 37) Там сразу два направления. Какое из них мне выбрать? 38) Начиная свою речь, я хочу быть предельно откровенной. 39) Налоги должны составить примерно пятую часть его дохода. 40) Если хотите, чтобы компания успешно работала, не выбирайте сотрудников наудачу. 41) Детям позволили приходить и уходить по желанию.

B is for ................................................. Back against the wall — in a very difficult position, with few or no choices — припереть к стене, прижать к стенке. The minister had survived many political changes, many threats to his position. In fact, when he had his back against the wall, he was at his most charming and dangerous. Back and forth (backwards and forwards) — movement from one position to another, before returning to the first position again, usually again and again, regularly — взад и вперед. Letters had been passing back and forth between the two companies for weeks before a meeting could be set up. Back down — to show a marked change of attitude or position, from being in confrontation to being passive, neutral or accepting, to withdraw — отступать, уступать, отказываться. After days of hard negotiating, both sides backed down sufficiently in their demands to make agreement possible. Back out (of) — to fail to carry out (or to withdraw from) some promise, arrangement, agreement or obligation — уклоняться, отступать от чего-либо. You can rely on her for sure. Once she agrees to do something, she never backs out of it. (The) Ball is in (your) court — It’s up to (you) to take action, the next step is for (you) to take, (we) await your next move — теперь твоя очередь действовать; теперь все зависит от тебя. We’ve made them a good offer — now the ball’s in their court. 19

(The) Bare bones (bare outline) — a short description, a few words giving only the most important facts — костяк, основное, самое главное. At this stage, I’m going to describe the process in bare outline only. My colleague will explain it in detail later. He will need time... to present the bare bones of the argument. Base on — to use as a basis, ground, or system of reasoning — основываться на. The scientist’s calculations were based on the results of his experiments. Be against (to be for, to be in favor of) — to oppose, to be opposed or contrary to — возражать (быть за). This company is against joint venture schemes because experience shows that these so often go wrong. Be beside the point — to have no connection with what is being discussed, to be irrelevant — быть неважным, несвязанным. The only important question is whether we go ahead with the project or not, anything else is beside the point. Be exact — to be more precise, to define exactly or accurately — быть точным. The calculations were exact to the nearest millimeter. Be in the dark — to not know, to be without information — быть в неведении, в неизвестности. It’s no use asking me about the company’s takeover plans — I’m as much in the dark as you are. Be in the picture — to know, to have information — быть в курсе дела. Let’s go over those points again, to make sure you’re completely in the picture, before we go any further. Be in line with — to be in conformity or agreement with — точно следовать (идеям, принципам). 20

Your ideas are very interesting especially as they’re very much in line with our own. Be in/out of touch with — to be in contract by the spoken or written word, to get in touch — to make contract, to keep or stay in touch — to continue contract, to lose touch — to lose contract, out of touch — not in contract — находиться в контакте с ...; быть в курсе чего-л./ не находиться в контакте с ...; не быть в курсе чего-л. Although they don’t see each other very often, they are in constant touch by letter or phone. Be (go) out of action — to not work or operate, to fail to function or to stop working/operating/functioning — не работать, быть выведенным из строя. The computer is out of action at the moment, due to an electrical fault. Be (fall) short of — to be less than needed, wanted or expected, to lack something, to not be enough — испытывать недостаток в чем-либо, нуждаться в чем-либо; не хватать. The test results are interesting as far as they go, but they fall far short of proving the safety of this product. Be (run, come) up against — to be, or arrive, at a position where positive progress or forward movement is, or may be, blocked — стоять перед задачей, проблемой, встретить трудности. Profits have fallen because the company is up against stronger competition than expected. Bear fruit — to produce the result — приносить плоды, давать результаты. After 10 years’ hard work, his research finally bear fruit. Begin with — at first, first of all, at the beginning — начинать с, во-первых. To begin with, the business grew slowly, but after several years it expanded rapidly. 21

Behind time/schedule — Be late — не вовремя, неаккуратно, с опозданием. The meeting is running behind schedule and we have to finish on time. Better safe than sorry — It’s better to be too careful than to take risks — береженого бог бережет. Don't be afraid to have this checked by a doctor — better (to be) safe than sorry! Bit by bit — in small pieces or stages, gradually — постепенно, понемногу, мало-помалу; по частям. Although the sales target seems a long way off at the moment, we seem to be getting there bit by bit. Break down — fail, collapse, stop — обрывать(ся), разрушать(ся), разрывать(ся). The first 2 negotiations were unsuccessful and the third broke down after only a few hours. Break the ice — do or say something to ease tensions between people, to start to create a more sociable, relaxed atmosphere, usually on first meeting — разбить, сломать лед, устранить натянутость (в отношениях между кем-л.); сделать первый шаг. A new manager’s first task is to break the ice with staff and create a new team dynamic. Break the new ground — enter a new area of discovery or knowledge, be a pioneer — найти новый путь; сказать новое слово; начать новое дело; быть новатором, пионером; начать новую страницу. The recent agreement between the companies has broken new ground in fruitful relation. Break off — end suddenly — прекращать, порывать. The breaking off of diplomatic relations between two countries may signal the start of warfare. 22

Break through — make sudden, positive progress by pushing through a seen or unseen barrier or obstacle — прорваться, пробиться, добиться успеха. The discovery of the petrol engine was a break through in the history of transport. Bring about — cause, make something happen, give rise to — осуществлять, вызывать, влечь за собой. Careful planning of objectives, strategy and tactics are necessary to bring about a successful negotiation. By the same token — for the same reason; as a logical extension of the same argument — к тому же, кроме того; лишнее доказательство того, что; справедливо и то, что. Because of falling profits, research and development costs must be drastically reduced. By the same token, there are to no salary increases. By the way — changing the subject, incidentally, in passing — кстати, между прочим, к слову сказать. Really? That’s interesting. By the way, did you hear the latest news about our competitors. By trial and error — finding the right method or solution by the primitive process of making changes in measurements or calculations until finally there are no errors — методом проб и ошибок. After a good deal of trial and error we found the exact proportions required for the mixture. 1. Fill in the blanks 1) The company doesn’t have money to waste on testing ______— you must be more systematic in your approach. 2) He is a tough professional negotiator who usually gets what he wants, but ______ the isn’t a popular man. 3) Her remarks were ________. 4) The discovery of more efficient methods _______ major changes on the production line. 23

5) There isn’t time to put you in the picture completely, so I’ll just give you _______. 6) Few people these days are ______ bringing back the old punishment by death. 7) Every stage of the process is checked three times, ______ . 8) We have done our best. Now ______. 9) He was apologizing ______. 10) With last fall’s flu season approaching, the country was ______ vaccine. 11) Many of these schools find themselves with their ____________________, and unless they get more funding, the y'll have to fire some teachers. 12) Local authorities ____________________on their plans to demolish the building. 13) Sam ____________________ the agreement at the last second. 14) I _______________ my opinion ______ my own seasoned judgment. 15) They had many children–seven, _________. 16) We are still ______________ as to our competitors intentions. 17) I am afraid this scheme is totally ______________ with current developments in the electronics industry. 18) Do you know about the new import legislation in this country. Yes, thank you I am fully ______ . 19) Behavior at school parties must ____________________ school rules. 20) When I broke my leg I ____________________ for the entire football season. 21) The hotel was awful! ______ our room was far too small. 22) I just wanted to find out what I __________. 23) I hope your new plan ______________. 24

24) The parents ________________ when they heard the bad news. 25) We're sorry for being a little __________________ with our takeoff, ladies and gentlemen. We should be departing shortly. 26) I still don't know just how all this new software works, bu t I suppose I'll find out _____________. 27) Sally ______________ her engagement to John _________. 28) Andy likes to tell a joke to _____________________ – to help everybody relax. 29) We're ________________ in television comedy. You'll n ever have seen anything like this before. 30) J ________________________, could you please bring your computer tomorrow? 31) It was difficult at first to _____________________ her quiet manner. 32) University athletes are happy to be in the news, but ___________________________, they must not be distracted from their studies. 2.Give the English for the Russian business idiom in brackets 1) (Между прочим), did she ever mention his name? 2) Your presentation wasn’t bad, but not as successful as it could have been. You never really (переломишь ситуацию). 3) Council decided (прекратить) relations with the Russian trade unions. 4) If you (откажетесь) your contract, you will have to pay money to the firm. 5) At this meeting, We’d like to give your our proposals (в общих очертаниях). 6) Although the manager’s proposals were sound, they were not (в унисон с) company policy. 25

7) Can you comment on the rumors that your company is in trouble? I’m afraid I’m not (в курсе). I don’t work here, I’m just visiting. 8) At first you may find the process difficult to understand, but if you examine it (постепенно) you will see it’s not really so complex. 9) Government policy is (основывается на) a balance between the freedom of the individual and the public good. 10) The discussion between two companies is sure to (принесет результат). 11) I've told him he can have his job back if he apologizes. (Теперь дело за ним). 12) Our local team has its («прижата к стене») and must win tonight's game. 13) The argument went (то и дело) before the judge made a decision. 14) Bill said he could beat Ted, but when Ted put up his fists Bill (отступил). 15) We must keep our competitors (в неведении) about our plans for as long as possible; the element of surprise is important. 16) Most members of the city council (за) building the new stadium. 17) What you are saying is (не имеет отношения к делу). We are not talking about salary now. 18) He came a long way–from Nome, Alaska, (если быть точным) — to attend the wedding. 19) (Поддерживай связь) and if the chance comes up, we can do business some time in the future. 20) The government (стояло перед проблемой) strong opposition when it tried to increase taxes. 21) The photocopier (не работает) today. 22) Unfortunately, his brilliant speech (не хватало) truth, as usual. 26

23) Go ahead and begin the meal without us, we're running a little (с опозданием). 24) (Во-первых), I don't have enough money to take a trip to Europe this summer. 25) It is (лучше поберечься) and I always bring my umbrella to work when it is a cloudy day. 26) If the central heating (выйдет из строя) again, I will refuse to pay the repair bill. 27) The invention of the internal-combustion engine (вызвал) a huge shift in people's mobility. 28) So are scientists (являются новаторами) in their quest to discover what causes the disease? 29) He's a very talented young actor who's just ready to (добиться успеха). 30) The only way to solve this problem is (методом проб и ошибок). 31) I don't think that prices will go up but, (справедливо и то), I don't see them going down either. 3. Paraphrase 1) Achieve success, make a discovery. 2) Do something that has not been done before. 3) Never meet the deadline. 4) Cause to happen. 5) Moreover and for the same or a similar reason. 6) End a relationship, association. 7) Gradually , little by little. 8) To and fro. 9) Withdraw an earlier claim. 10) A short description 11) In a very difficult position 12) Show a marked change of attitude 13) Use as a ground 14) Withdraw from 27

15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26) 27) 28) 29) 30) 31) 32) 33)

It’s up to you to take action Be irrelevant Be in agreement with Be more precise Be without information Have information Be in contact Lack something Fail to function Have a lot of problems Produce the result First of all It’s better not to risk Collapse Cause Do something to ease tensions End suddenly Incidentally In an empirical manner

4. Underline the most suitable preposition in each of the expressions 1) By/on the same token 2) Begin with/from 3) Be short of/out of 4) Be in/on line with 5) Be at/in the picture 6) Be over/beside the point 7) Ball is at/in your court 8) Back against/in the wall 9) With/by trial and error 10) Be at/in the dark 5. Translate from Russian into English 1) Сейчас, когда женщины совершили такой прорыв на поприще медицины, можно ожидать большего числа женщин-докторов. 28

2) Никто не хочет начинать. Ну что ж, придется мне. 3) Несколько наград было присуждено коммерческим предприятиям, открывшим новые пути в развитии сетевых технологий. 4) Не бойся провериться у врача — береженого бог бережет. 5) Между прочим, она когда-нибудь упоминала его имя? 6) Многие лекарства были найдены с помощью метода проб и ошибок. 7) Комитет отклонил его предложение, потому что оно шло вразрез с политической платформой партии. 8) Расскажи мне, пожалуйста, в чем дело, потому что я еще не в курсе. 9) Он не знал о последних событиях. 10) Ее замечания были не по существу. 11) Она ездила в Китай взад и вперед, но так и не смогла привыкнуть к восточной культуре. 12) Он был прижат к стенке из-за долгов и на сегодняшний день не видел выхода из положения. 13) Не ходи вокруг да около, разъясни основное. 14) Не в его правилах отступать и таким образом терять лицо. 15) Наш партнер уклонился от сделки за день до подписания контракта. 16) Мы предоставили менеджеру целый список жалоб, теперь дело за ним. 17) Мы сделали отчет основываясь на предоставленных данных. 18) Ложь всегда противоречила моим принципам. 19) Сын часто звонит, чтобы поддерживать связь с семьей. 20) Светофор временно не работал, хотя о поломке никто не проинформировал. 29

21) Строители стояли перед многочисленными проблемами, когда началось строительство шоссе. 22) Хотя компания считалась успешной, всегда не хватало денег, чтобы достойно оплачивать работу сотрудников. 23) Не смотря на то, что у нас были многообещающие идеи, ни одна не принесла плоды. 24) Он опоздал на репетицию на целый час. 25) Я всегда заключаю с новыми работниками сначала контракт на небольшой срок, чтобы посмотреть, на что они годны. 26) Все планы рухнули внезапно из-за кризиса. 27) Постепенно воспоминания прошлого стали возвращаться к нему. 28) Некоторые говорят, что он очень обаятельный, но таким же образом других отталкивают его манеры. 29) Она внезапно замолчала в середине предложения и задумалась — к чему все эти изменения? 30) Новый менеджер решил, что пришло самое время для внесения изменений.

C is for ................................................. Carry out — fulfill, perform, complete, finish successfully — осуществлять; приводить в исполнение, доводить до конца. The oil company is carrying out geological surveys in the area before drilling begins. Change one’s mind — change a decision or opinion — передумать, изменить решение. At first, she didn’t like her new colleague at all, but after a while she changed her mind. Check over — look at carefully and efficiently in order to find out if there are any problems or mistakes — проверять, сверять, выверять. Letters should be checked over for mistakes before being sent. Come to the point — arrive directly at the focus, or most important part, of a speaking or writing activity — дойти до сути дела, до главного, решающего момента. I’m afraid I can’t follow your reasoning: you’ve been speaking for twenty minutes without coming to the point. Come (run, or be) up against — be or arrive, at a position where positive progress or forward movement is, or may be, blocked — сталкиваться, встречаться с проблемами. The government ran up against strong opposition when it tired to increase taxes. Come up with — create, devise, produce, find — поравняться с (кем-л.) , догнать (кого-л.), предлагать (план, проект). 31

This artwork is rubbish! Can’t you come up with anything better than that? Common ground — shared area of agreement or understanding, an overlap of aims or interests — общее дело, общие интересы; общий язык, взаимопонимание. There was enough common ground between the two teams of researchers to enable them to create an information pool. Common sense — natural intelligence and understanding — здравый смысл. Common sense suggests that regular exercise improves the quality of our daily lives, and our performance. Compete against — try to beat or to oppose in competition — состязаться, конкурировать. Recent increases in taxation mean that companies are competing as much against the government as against each other. Compromise (with, over) — reach agreement by modifying or reducing one’s stated objectives — идти на компромисс. After lengthy negotiations, contract terms were finally agreed when the two companies compromised with each other over prices and delivery schedules. Consist of — be made (up) of, be composed of, compromise — состоять из. Water consists of two parts of hydrogen to one part of oxygen. Cope (with) — manage a problem, deal successfully with a difficulty — справляться. The new product was so successful that production was barely able to cope with demand. Credibility gap — difference or distance between what one is able, or willing, to believe and what one is asked to believe, the extent of disbelief — кризис доверия. You say that you took $10 from the pretty cash box but $15 is missing. There is a credibility gap here, I’m afraid. 32

Crystal clear — clear beyond any doubt, without possibility of misunderstanding — понятный, ясный. The government statement made it crystal clear that public spending had to be reduced. Cut corners — follow a quick but risky route to an objective, especially by not performing all the usual stages of some process — идти напролом, действовать незаконно. In this company we don’t cut corners, we produce a high-quality, reliable product. Cut one’s losses — end or withdraw from a bad situation which can only get worse — бросить невыгодное дело; ≈ выйти из игры. This product has almost outlived its lifespan — we should cut our losses and take it off the market at once. 1. Fill in the blanks 1) The gunmen ______ their threat and shot the man. 2) She always ______ the right answer. 3) Whether any _______ can be found that will accommodate these conflicting viewpoints remains to be seen. 4) Is the government prepared ______ the workers over their pay demand? 5) The beauty of this picture _______ in its balance ____ colours. 6) A failure to meet the demands of society, such as _______ problems and social relationships: usually reflected in emotional instability. 7) It makes everything as_______, I see the answers to all my questions. 8) You cannot ______ when you are dealing with public safety. 9) As your investment brokers, we have to advise you to consider ______ and selling your shares now. 33

10) He’s a brilliant economist, but he ________ too many ________. 11) My friend _____________________ and said that he would not go to the movie tonight. 12) There is no doubt that the court’s decision is a victory for _____________________. 13) He _____________________ the old car to see if it was worth buying. 14) His speech was interesting but he never really ________ _____________. 15) The project ____________________________ a lot of criticism. 16) The ___________ is the result of a deliberate policy of artificial manipulation of official news. 17) Please stop talking. I do not wish to _____________ ________ the audience when I lecture. 2. Give the English for the Russian business idiom in brackets 1) In this company, we are not a bunch of theorists and academics, we take a (здравый) approach to business. 2) The working relationship between the two managers broke down when they failed (пойти на компромисс) shared use of office staff. 3) The realization of his (общего дела) had produced a new relationship between them. 4) I am going to (сказать прямо); the company isn’t satisfied with your performance — you are dismissed. 5) I wish he could afford (выполнить) his plan. 6) Airline ground crews give all aircraft a (тщательный осмотр) before take off. 7) We have enough problems already, and now there are staff shortages to (справиться). 34

8) Recent losses created (кризис доверия) between the company and its shareholders. 9) Every time I explain myself (понятным) fashion, there is always someone who misunderstands. 10) Profits have fallen because the company (столкнулась с) stronger competition than expected. 11) It was hard to be heard. I was (состязался) the noise of construction. 12) I used to hate Chicago, but as the years passed I gradually (изменил мнение) and now I actually love living here. 13) She (придумала) a great proposal for the new advertising campaign. 14) A company's assets can (состоять из) cash, investments, buildings, machinery, specialist knowledge or copyright material such as music or computer software. 15) He's always finding ways to (действовать незаконно), that's why his work leaves a lot to be desired. 16) When a project is failing, you've got to learn to (выйти из игры) and move on. 3. Paraphrase 1) Bring to completion; accomplish. 2) Alter one's decision. 3) Be faced with. 4) Sound practical sense. 5) Oppose, or fight. 6) Meet someone's demands. 7) Do something in the easiest or shortest way. 8) Give up spending time, money, or energy. 9) Follow a quick but risky route 10) Without possibility of misunderstanding 11) Inspect, test 12) Arrive directly at the most important part 13) Bring to terms 14) Create, devise 35

15) Shared interests, beliefs, or ideas 16) Lack of trustworthiness 17) Be composed of 4. Underline the most suitable preposition in each of the expressions 1) Cope with/to 2) Carry out/with 3) Check over/out 4) Come with/to the point 5) Come with/up against 6) Come in/up with 7) Compromise to/with 8) Consist from/of 9) Cut (down) corners 10) Change (up) one’s mind 5. Translate from Russian into English 1) У всех нас есть обязанности и дела, которые мы должны исполнять. 2) Нам надо еще раз внимательно выверить книгу, прежде чем отсылать ее в типографию. 3) Если тебе придет что-нибудь в голову, скажи мне. 4) Сознание общего дела как-то по-новому связало их. 5) С такой горой работы я за выходные не справлюсь. 6) Теперь эта идея ясна для меня как день. 7) Хотите сотрудничать со мной — прекрасно. Но если вы пойдете напролом, мне придется сделать то же. 8) Мой друг поменял свое решение и сказал, что не пойдет сегодня вечером в кино. 9) К счастью, здравый смысл восторжествовал в конце переговоров. 10) Мы должны идти на компромисс с нашими сотрудниками? 36

11) Мы будем обсуждать этот вопрос очень долго, если сейчас не перейдем к сути. 12) Счастье состоит не из того, чем ты владеешь. 13) Если у тебя возникнут проблемы — всегда обращайся — я тебе помогу. 14) Мы пытаемся наладить расписание поездов, но мы не в состоянии конкурировать с погодой. 15) Потребуется много времени, чтобы разрешить противоречия, если это вообще возможно в сложившейся ситуации. 16) Давай выйдем из игры и продадим наш бизнес до того как цены упадут еще ниже.

D is for ................................................. Dead end — a path going nowhere, a direction or course from which there is no exit or which results in no progress — тупик, безвыходное положение, безвыходная ситуация. After five years without promotion, she felt she was in a deadend job. Do business with — trade or negotiate with a view to making money — иметь общий бизнес с кем-либо. We would like to do business with you, but if you aren’t able to play ball just a little on your pricing policy, it really isn’t worth our while. Do/make a deal with — reach a business or commercial agreement — уславливаться о цене, условиях. I called the real estate agents about that house we saw last week but their clients already made a deal with someone else, so we’re too late I’m afraid. Drawback — a disadvantage — недостаток, отрицательная сторона. Your suggestion has only one serious drawback, that is, it’s likely to reduce profit margins. Draw up — arrange, prepare, draft or compose a written document — составлять (текст завещания, контракта, законопроекта). Good, so, as you agree the terms, let’s draw up your letter of employment now. 38

Dry (dummy) run — an experiment or trial of a machine or project under realistic (but not real) conditions — репетиция, прогон, испытание. Before making a presentation, it’s a good idea to do a dummy run by recording yourself on video or cassette and checking the result. Dud — not performing the required or expected function, ineffective in result or effect — бесполезный; негодный, неисправный. How can we be expected to carry out our jobs with the dud equipment you gave us? 1. Fill in the blanks 1) The research program had looked promising, but all the tests led to ______. 2) Thank you for your time. We hope we can look forward to ______ you in the future. 3) She is a successful broker and ______ for a lot of clients. 4) That seems an excellent idea, I can’t see any _____. 5) They ________ a six-step plan. 6) Before launching a market survey, the researchers carried out several _______ to test the reaction to their questionnaire. 7) We had high expectations of your assistant, but it seems he has turned out to be _____ on the job. 2. Give the English for the Russian business idiom in brackets 1) He hadn’t produced any art-work for some years and felt that he had come to a creative (тупику). 2) I am not used to being lied to by those I (сотрудничаю). 3) Be sure you look at the small print if you (заключаешь сделки с) him. 4) It is possible that the advantages outweigh (недостатки). 39

5) The first interview would be (репетиция) for her other two interviews. 6) I’ve (составил) a list of candidates that I’d like to interview. 7) No one of the books she has written has been (негодной).

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

3. Paraphrase Trade or negotiate with a view to making money. A path going nowhere. Reach a business or commercial agreement. Formulate and write out in appropriate form. Disadvantage. A trial or practice. Failing in its purpose or function.

4. Underline the most suitable preposition in each of the expressions 1) Do business with/to 2) Do a deal to/with 3) Draw out/up a contract 4) Carry out/away a dry run 5. Translate from Russian into English 1) Не имей дел с подозрительными партнерами. 2) Если он откажется заключать выгодные сделки с нашей компанией, то поступит безрассудно. 3) С самого начала наш проект был обречен. 4) В каждой работе можно найти недостаток, только важно его вовремя исправить. 5) Директор компании наконец определил четкие правила для сотрудников. 6) Это сообщение оказалось уткой. 7) У нас только один шанс, и мы не можем рисковать. Поэтому давайте отрепетируем, чтобы каждый понимал, что он должен делать. 40

E is for ................................................. Either way — either single or inevitable result whatever happens or is done (or whether it is true or not) — в любом случае так или иначе. Whether we buy new equipment or employ new staff, either way we’re spending money. End product — final result, after completion of some process or a series of actions — конечный продукт, результат, готовый продукт. Careful preparation of a presentation will lead to a more effective end product. Every other/second — in a sequence, with the focus on the second, fourth, sixth and so on — каждый второй, третий, четвертый и т.д. Your company’s products are very popular, it seems as if every third person in the country has one. Exception to the rule — someone or something which differs from the usual, the normal or some principle, rule or theory — исключение из правил. Bankers will confirm that most customers are honest and repay their loans on time, put differently, the relatively few fraudsters and bad payers are the exceptions that prove the rule. Exception proves the rule — something which differs from the usual, the normal, or some principle, rule or theory and yet, by the same token, reinforces what is usual — исключение подтверждает правило, нет правил без исключения. 41

Tests have shown that this product lasts at least three times longer than other similar products, so it is quite an exception to the rule. 1. Fill in the blanks 1) ________, these updates will increase your system s stability and overall productivity. 2) The ________ of the negotiations was a contract between the two companies. 3) Quality control is carried out by testing ________ unit. 4) Tests have shown that this product lasts at least three times longer than other similar products, so it’s quite ______ ______________. 5) All of the salespeople at the office are very talkative and outgoing but one person is the ___________________________ ________. He is very quiet and shy. 2. Give the English for the Russian business idiom in brackets 1) It is (результат) of long exhaustive research and development. 2) (Так или иначе), you can still make a claim. 3) The contest is held (каждый второй год). 4) Most company directors are middle-aged men, but this 28-year-old woman is (исключение из правил).

1) 2) 3) 4)

3. Paraphrase In the one case or the other. Each alternate. The final result or outcome of a process. Something that differs from the usual.

4. Translate from Russian into English 1) Нашего босса интересует только конечный результат, а не те усилия, которые мы вкладываем. 42

2) В любом случае компания выиграет. 3) Каждый третий сотрудник компании получил премию по результатам года. 4) Правила нашей компании не предусматривают длительный отпуск, но Ваша ситуация является исключением из правил.

F is for .................................................. Face up to — to accept something difficult or unpleasant and confront it — быть готовым встретить (что-л.), встретится лицом к лицу. Retirement is something we all have to face up to sooner or later. Fact of the matter is — the truth is, the most important thing is — суть дела. You keep telling us that production is delayed because of equipment breakdown, when the fact of the matter, as everyone knows, is that the real reason is industrial action. Facts speak for themselves — the known facts of a situation clearly show the answers to any questions about them — факты говорят сами за себя. The company’s financial records told the whole story. We could seat at a glance that large sums were not accounted for. The facts spoke for themselves — this was a case of fraud. First and foremost — firstly and most important — прежде всего, в первую очередь, во-первых. At the meeting we have several matters to consider. First and foremost is to decide on a replacement for the production manager, who sadly died last week. First impression — first feelings, or initial reaction, caused as a result of a new experience or situation — первое впечатление. As soon as we met, I thought, “This man has a dishonest face”. That first impression was soon to be proved current. 44

First step — the first stage, or part of some process or series of actions — первый шаг, первая попытка. We hope that this discussion will bear fruit and so be the first step towards greater cooperation between us. Focus on — concentrate on, to direct one hundred per cent attention to — концентрировать внимание на, сосредоточиваться на. Next, let’s focus on production figures. As you can see from the graph, these have fluctuated over the last three months. For (and) against — in agreement with and contrary to — за и против. The government has carefully considered all arguments both for and against the new airport. Forge ahead — make very good or rapid progress against all resistance, to develop or improve quickly — медленно и равномерно продвигаться вперед. We’re forging ahead with the construction scheme, the first two stages were completed ahead of schedule. For sale — on the market and available, or open, to offers to buy — на продажу. We’re looking for new offices in the city centre. Can you look into it for us and let us know what’s for sale or for rent at the moment. For sure — this is certain, there is no doubt — обязательно, непременно. The economic crisis shows no sign of improving and we’re deep in the red at the bank. If business improves and the bank extends our overdraft, we’ll keep going, maybe. If not, we’ll go bankrupt for sure. For the most part — mainly, generally, largely, in the majority of cases or instances, on the whole — главным образом; большей частью; в основном; в целом. That’s an interesting idea. For the most part I agree with you, but I have my doubts about a couple of points. 45

For the time being — temporarily, for the moment — в данное время, на данный момент; на некоторое время. We’re ahead of our competitors for the time being but we can only stay that way as long as we keep an eye on what the market wants. 1. Fill in the blanks 1) The company has serious problems which must be ________ and dealt with if we are to survive. 2) At our annual dinner, I would like to welcome, ________ our guests, also all staff and friends of the company. 3) As we have seen from the figures ________, although profits remain high, we have to replace dying products with new stars for the future. 4) If _________________, why does Sandy need to write a book-length argument to make their case? 5) When making a presentation, ________ is to define exactly what you are going to speak about. 6) ________ are not always reliable. 7) After last year’s poor results, the company is ________ towards recovery. 8) The press has recently _________________ its attention on a number of financial scandals involving well-known public figures. 9) They'll be here ________ within half an hour. 10) Thank you for your offer, but my shares in the company aren’t ________. 11) Anyone with opinions ________ the proposal will have an opportunity to speak at the meeting. 12) These supplies could be financed _____________, a matter of a few months. 13) Our clients aren’t rich, ________. 46

2. Give the English for the Russian business idiom in brackets 1) Years of easy success had ossified the company's thinking and it never (сталкивается) the challenge of the new technology. 2) (Факты говорят сами за себя) and prove that since the previous report, inequality between Jews and Arabs has increased in every area. 3) (Суть дела в том, что) although some can compete with us on quality, none can compete in terms of price. 4) In our discussions, I hope you will agree that (прежде всего) we should identify the common ground between our two companies. 5) My (первое впечатление) was that his idea wasn’t a good one, however, on second thoughts I could see the logic in it. 6) Television programmes (концентрируют внимание на) events that attract media attention and high ratings. 7) As (первый шаг), we are going to improve our corporate image, before targeting new markets. 8) Unfortunately, I have not seen or heard a holistic explanation of both sides with all the reasons (за и против) human cloning, so I am going to list all the reasons that I’ve found so far. 9) The house is (на продажу) with all furniture and fittings. 10) He'll quit us (наверняка). 11) The project, which was little more than an idea a year ago, (продвинулся вперед) since then. 12) (В целом), staff remain with the company for at least five years. 13) The project is dead in the water (пока). 3. Paraphrase 1) The truth is 2) Accept an unpleasant fact, reality 3) Initial reaction 47

4) Have an obvious meaning; not to need explaining 5) Firstly and most important 6) The first stage 7) On sale 8) Concentrate on 9) In agreement with and contrary to 10) Improve quickly 11) Largely 12) There is no doubt 13) For the moment 4. Underline the most suitable preposition in each of the expressions 1) Face up to/with 2) The fact from/of the matter 3) Focus at/on 4) The facts speak for/of themselves 5) For/In sure 6) For/At sale 7) In/For the most part 8) For/at the time being 5. Translate from Russian into English 1) Почему ты считаешь, что наша компания находится на грани банкротства? — Факты говорят сами за себя. 2) По одежке встречают, (а по уму провожают). 3) Наш босс не любил смотреть правде в лицо, поэтому компания была убыточной. 4) Дело в том, что возникла острая необходимость наладить дисциплину внутри компании. 5) Прежде всего давайте проанализируем современные тенденции развития малого бизнеса. 6) Первым шагом в планировании вашего финансового будущего должна стать оценка ваших текущих расходов. 7) Все внимание было устремлено на молодых служащих. 48

8) Культура и знания не продаются. 9) Мы готовы выслушать и принять во внимание все ваши за и против относительно нового проекта. 10) Моя работа здорово продвинулась вперед за последнее время. 11) Им было трудно разговаривать, поэтому большую часть времени они молчали. 12) Он за просто так ничего делать не будет, это уж точно! 13) Но мы добилась своего, и пока что мы удовлетворены.

G is for ................................................. Game plan — carefully thought out general strategy for achieving a target and the tactics and methods to be used — "план игры", cтратегия, тщательно разработанный план. The game plan for this morning’s meeting is to finish ordinary business in the first half an hour, then take time out for coffee, so that, in the second half, we can zero in on the all-important question of new product development. Get across — communicate to make clear, to reach — четко изложить, донести. When making a presentation, it is necessary to decide what ideas or information one wants to get across. Get to the bottom of — find the cause of, or the answer to, a problem or question — добраться до сути дела. Our computer keeps on breaking down, so the engineers are checking it over to try and get to the bottom of it. Get down to business — begin to talk seriously, to tackle the real or important matter(s) — взяться за дело, приступить к делу. Now the terms have been agreed between us, we can leave it to the lawyers to get down to the serious business of drawing up the necessary documents. Get (to reach) to first base (with) — complete the first step of a series of stages towards some objective — добиться первого успеха, сделать первые шаги в каком-л. деле. OK, we’ve broken the ice with these people, who could become big customers. They’ve agreed to listen to our proposals. 50

A meeting has been set up for next week and we have to make a really effective presentation of our products and services to stand any chance of getting to first base with them. Get in touch with — make contact — вступить в контакт, связаться с кем-л. As soon as we have a response from our agents in Seoul, We’ll get in touch with you by fax or phone at once. Get (one’s) priorities (right) — choose the (correct) order of priorities, values, actions according to circumstances — расставлять приоритеты. No, no you’re concentrating on the last stage of the process, when you should be thinking about the first step. You’ve got your priorities all wrong. Give and take — make compromises or an exchange of concessions so that everyone gains or loses to the same extent — взаимные уступки, компромисс. We are ready to give and take in these discussions with a view to reaching overall agreement to our mutual advantage, and we hope that you will do so in the same spirit. Give or take — more or less than a certain amount — с поправкой в ту или иную сторону, плюс-минус. Give or take an hour or so, we should be in Dresden in about twelve hours. Give rise to — cause, bring about — вызывать, иметь результаты. Poor trading figures gave rise to a fall in share prices. Go ahead — make progress, move forward, start or continue from a static or waiting position — продолжаться, продолжать. Local government has approved the plans for the new factory, so we can go ahead with construction. Go along with — share the same opinion as, be or act in agreement with — соглашаться, иметь одинаковое мнение. 51

We’re prepared to go along with you on price as long as delivery schedules are guaranteed. Go dead (on) — stop working, responding or developing — перестать работать, выключится. The fax machine’s broken down. I don’t know what went wrong, one moment it was working and, the next, it just went dead. Go for (it) — be very enthusiastic and positive in feeling and action, usually about some specific thing or goal — дерзать. Our new product gives us an advantage over our competitors in terms of both quality and cost. We need to get it on the market fast, so we can expand our market share. So, let’s go for it! Good/great deal of (+uncountable noun) or Good/great many (+countable noun) — much, a lot of — много, большое количество. We have spent a great deal of time energy and money on this project, so we are pleased to see it bearing fruit at last. Go wrong — make a mistake, miscalculate or misjudge, develop negative characteristics — перестать работать, испортиться, выйти из строя. Ah, yes, I can see at a glance where you went wrong in your calculations. You’ve added an extra zero, making 100 into 1000. 1. Fill in the blanks 1) The government’s _______ for the winning the election was clear from its manifest. 2) Right, if everybody is ready let’s _______ at once. 3) We aren’t _______ to each other at all, in fact, we are talking at cross purposes. 4) Staff turnover is on the increase. Management are trying to _______ of the matter. 5) New employee is easy to _______. 52

6) Look, we seem to be talking at cross purposes I think we should _______ before we continue. 7) The scheme hasn't been properly prepared. I'll be surprised if it even _______. 8) All relationships, from marriage to business, call for an element of _______. 9) I am afraid we can’t _______ that suggestion at all. 10) The salesman was only here for half an hour, so it’s a very _______ estimate. 11) Bad trading conditions generally _______ an increase in bankruptcies. 12) This is a _______ company and we expect all staff to operate in line with this idea. 13) That’s a good suggestion. In fact, I could really _______ that idea. 14) If you _______, the results can be expensive, and dangerous, so better safe than sorry. 15) A presenter’s nightmare is when your audience _______ you. 16) Your training has cost the company _______ money. 2. Give the English for the Russian business idiom in brackets 1) Her open, friendly manner and professional approach enable her (доносить свои идеи) effectively to our clients. 2) The boss talked with several employees (чтобы докопаться до сути) the trouble. 3) The marketing (стратегия) this year is to identify gaps in the market and develop products specially designed to fill those gaps. 4) They won't even (найдут общий язык) with the directors with a proposal like that. 5) When the meeting began everybody (перешли к делу) and began to discuss the important issues. 53

6) When setting up their objectives, negotiators need to know what they must have, what they should have and what they would like to have. In that way, they know how much they can (уступить). 7) I plan (связаться) my friend when I arrive in New York in August. 8) Time management is largely a matter of (расставление приоритетов). 9) The whole project is likely to cost about 1m. (плюс-минус) a few thousand. 10) Now that you are leaving the company you can (продолжать в том же духе) and whatever you want. 11) New marketing policy (вызывает) a large number of problems. 12) Nothing in life is impossible. If you want it, (дерзайте). 13) The company is happy to (согласиться) your proposals. 14) We negotiated with them for us, but out of the blue they (замолчали) — no replies to phone calls and faxes. 15) If anything (пошло бы не так), I would have had to take the blame. 16) We’ve made (очень много) mistakes this year, and the biggest one was employing you. 3. Paraphrase 1) discover the real truth about 2) strategy 3) make clear 4) accomplish the first stage in a project or a series of objectives 5) attend seriously (to); concentrate (on) 6) get into contact (with), make contact (with) 7) choose actions according to circumstances 8) make compromise 9) cause the development 10) more or less 11) move forward 54

12) 13) 14) 15) 16)

be or act in agreement with make a mistake stop responding be very enthusiastic much, a lot.

4. Underline the most suitable preposition in each of the expressions 1) Get for/to the bottom of 2) Get across/over 3) Get down to/for 4) Get on/in touch with 5) Get (to) the first base 6) Give rise for/to 7) Go along to/with 8) Go with/for it 9) Go dead with/on 5. Translate from Russian into English 1) Начал вырисовываться план действий на время предвыборной кампании. 2) Если он хочет добиться успеха в жизни, пора ему заняться делом и работать с большим усердием. 3) Я раскусил Ваш план. 4) Мои слова, кажется, не доходят до их сознания. 5) Мы попытались связаться с ними. 6) У нас не было и в помине того взаимопонимания, которое должно присутствовать в коллективе. 7) У него с ней ничего не выйдет. 8) Мы должны выделить самое важное в нашей деятельности. 9) Вам придется идти 10 часов, может быть, на несколько минут больше или меньше. 10) Директор дал нам добро на продолжение наших планов по строительству. 55

11) Общеизвестно, что последняя война была для капиталистов источником огромных прибылей. 12) Тут я с вами не согласен. 13) Мы так и не смогли закончить этот проект. 14) Как говорят в Америке, за дело! 15) Я сделал мало для вас, но то немногое, что я сделал, доставило мне большое удовольствие. 16) Сегодня все идет наперекосяк.

H is for ................................................. Hand in hand — working together or as a team, in conjunction with, as a complement to — рука об руку. The news that some politicians were working hand in hand with organized crime brought about a scandal. Hard facts — definite or specific facts which can be proved, checked or examined (in contrast to mere rumor, opinions, general statements or hopes) — неопровержимые, голые факты. The hard fact is that we have a growing share of a shrinking market, and unless we diversify we’ll go out of business for sure. Have doubts about — have a negative or uncertain reaction or feeling about — сомневаться. — I have doubts about my future with the company. — Really? I have no doubts at all about mine — I’ve just been promoted. Have an effect/impact on — effect, influence — подействовать, возыметь эффект. Improved working conditions had only a marginal effect on production: what the workforce really wanted was a pay rise. Have an open mind — be mentally flexible, be ready and able to receive, process and (if necessary) adapt to new or opposing ideas or views — быть объективным, непредубежденным. It is all-important in the business world to approach sensible propositions with an open mind. 57

Hit and miss — unsystematic, random, relying on chance, not properly thought out or carried out — ненадежный, неточный; сделанный на авось, наугад. The machine must be carefully checked over before use, then it will work. You’ll find that most cases of breakdown stem from hit-and-miss check over procedures. Hold good (true) — continue to be consistently or constantly correct, true, valid or applicable — действовать, иметь силу. Some scientific and other principles established over 2000 years ago still hold true today. Hold (stand or stick) out for — be firmly decided not to accept less than one wants, even if it means waiting for it — продержаться. The house has been for sale for over a year without a buyer. We can’t continue holding out for the asking price. Hold water — pass or be able to pass testing or examination, be sound — выдерживать критику (о теории и т. п.), быть логически последовательным. Your explanation for the delay has been examined and I’m afraid it doesn’t hold water. 1. Fill in the blanks 1) Inflation goes ______ with demands for wage increases. 2) The experiment went wrong because of _____________ methods. 3) The survey produced a good deal of interesting information, but few ______. 4) Rising imports _____ a considerable ______ of our balance of payments. 5) Due to the chairman’s personal problems, I ______ serious ______ his ability to carry out his function. 6) Please don’t be afraid to speak freely. In our company we ______ new ideas. 58

7) Arguments in support of the need for more stuff ______ no ______ at all. 8) Does the offer you made last week still ______. 9) The workers are still _________ higher wages. 2. Give the English for the Russian business idiom in brackets 1) (Неопровержимый факт) is that war, like business, reduces to a question of gain versus cost. 2) On this project, we will be working (рука об руку) with our overseas partners. 3) The election result (подействовал на) share prices. 4) Although at first sight the proposal seemed a good one, we (сомневаемся) it. 5) The agreement between companies (действует) for three years. 6) It doesn’t seem to be a very good plan, but I think we should (быть объективным) about it for the time being. 7) Your proposition is based partly on fact and partly on imagination — in other words, it’s rather (опрометчиво). 8) Most of the arguments put forward by our opponents simply (не выдерживают критики). 9) We (настаивали на) a better contract, and we got it after some hard bargaining.

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9)

3. Paraphrase Have a negative or uncertain reaction Basic realities Jointly Influence Apply Be mentally flexible Unsystematic Be sound Be firmly decided 59

4. Underline the most suitable preposition in each of the expressions 1) Hand in/by hand 2) Have impact at/on 3) Have doubts in/about 4) Hold out for/on 5. Translate from Russian into English 1) Однако наряду с разделом территорий, богатых природными ресурсами, происходит раздел рынков капиталистического мира. 2) У него были некоторые сомнения по поводу всей затеи. 3) Неопровержимым фактом было то, что я провалил этот проект и уже ничего нельзя было изменить. 4) Наш босс попросил нас быть объективными и принять его предложение. 5) У лекарства много различных побочных эффектов. 6) Спрос на новые дома не падал весь год. 7) Профессор раскритиковал наш несистемный подход к исследованию. 8) Смею утверждать, что подобные аргументы не выдерживают никакой критики. 9) Сотрудники настаивали на повышении зарплаты и после второго круга переговоров добились этого.

I is for .................................................. In accordance with — following the terms or requirements of, (acting) in conformity with, as stated by, in line with — согласуясь с (чем-л.) , в соответствии с (чем-л.). In accordance with your instructions contained in telex of 09 March, we have today dispatched 250 inflatable boats, model ‘Desiree’. In addition (to) — also, besides, over and above, too — вдобавок; дополнительно; сверх того, кроме того; помимо всего прочего. You have seen the agenda for today’s meeting. In addition, there are some other matters which I wish to discuss. In (the) aggregate — when totalled, considered together (not individually), taken as a whole — в совокупности, в общем. Synergy is the working of two or more forces or influences in conjunction to produce an effect which in aggregate is in excess of the total of their individual effects. In all — in total, altogether, all told — всего. We have spent a great deal of money on this research project — some 2m. in all. In all probability — most probably, more certain than not, in all likelihood — по всей вероятности, по всей видимости. According to informed sources, the recent loss of the government contract will in all probability have an impact on our share prices. 61

In (of) all shapes and sizes — of many or various different kinds, types, forms, measurements or descriptions — разнообразный, любых форм и размеров. In some countries, the range of cheeses and sausages is limited, whereas in others these products come in all shapes and sizes. In any case — in any event, whatever happens, anyway — во всяком случае как бы там ни было, по крайней мере. I don’t accept your argument about development costs but in any case it’s beside the point as we don’t have any funds for that purpose. In the black — operating in credit, in profit, or with a (cash) surplus, with (current) assets in excess of (current) liabilities — "в черном", без убытков, с положительным сальдо, с прибылью. Shareholders will be pleased to hear that, once again, the company’s year-end results show us strongly in the black. In brief (in short )– briefly, to summarize, in a word, in other words — вкратце, в двух словах. So, in short, then, the situation is this: that our expansion scheme can continue, but in modified form. In case — if it happens that, in order to be ready for — на всякий случай. Fire precautions state action to be taken in case of fire. In (under) the circumstances — in this particular situation, because of (special) conditions or influences — при данных обстоятельствах, в этих условиях. Thank you for your fax of 23 June and we have taken note of your problems. Under the circumstances, we are prepared to allow a further seven days to carry out your contract obligations. In conjunction with — operating, functioning, working, acting or planning together, in collaboration — вместе с. The finance department and the legal department are working in conjunction on the new share issue. 62

In connection with — about, concerning, relating or relevant to — в связи с. We seem to have reached agreement on financial matters. I now want to talk to you in another connection. In contrast to (with) — different from, distinct from, opposite to — в отличие от. In marked contrast to his usual relaxed, friendly manner, he appeared brisk and cold at the meeting. In the course of — during, while, while being done — в ходе, в процессе. Three men were injured while the tunnel was in the course of construction. In depth — completely and in detail, not superficially — исчерпывающий, доскональный, тщательный, всесторонний. At first sight, these proposals seem interesting but we need to study them in depth before reaching a conclusion. In detail — with every part, detail or item mentioned or included — подробно, обстоятельно; точно. The machine should be checked over in detail once a month. In effect — not in itself or directly, but in reality, in its actual meaning, effect or result, in practice, for all practical purposes — в действительности, фактически, на самом деле. With respect, although you’ve been speaking for twenty minutes, in effect you’ve told us nothing as yet. In essence — basically, fundamentally, as to only the central or most important facts or circumstances — по существу. Our argument is based, in essence, on just two all-important factors the need to reduce costs and the need to improve efficiency. In excess of — more than — более, более чем. Weight restriction: vehicles in excess of 10 tones laden weight may not cross this bridge. 63

In fact — the truth, or reality is that, really, truly — в действительности, на самом деле, в сущности, фактически; между прочим, надо сказать. The machine looks difficult to operate but, in fact, it’s dead easy — just push these two buttons and, hey presto! See, it’s working! In the final analysis — from a process of logic, it can ultimately be seen, when all the facts have been examined it is clear — в конечном счете, в конечном итоге, в конце концов. The pros and cons of this course of action must, of course, be discussed, but in the final analysis we have to make a decision either way. In the first place — first of all, for a start, as a first step, before anything else is said or done, in the first instance, to start with, to begin with, first and foremost — сперва, прежде всего, первым делом, в первую очередь (во-вторых и т. д.). The management consultants recommended, in the first place, a reduction in overheads, in the second place, a review of the product range, and, in the third place, a fresh share issue. In full — completely, fully, totally, with nothing left out — полностью, целиком; сполна. As yet, I haven’t read the report in full, though I’ve seen extracts. In future — starting from this (or that) time, from now (or then) on — впредь, на будущее, в будущем (брит.). You are late again and you haven’t shaved. In future you should turn up on time, and shaved. In the future — at or during some future time — в будущем (амер.). We are forging ahead with the marketing plan. It’s taking rapid shape and in the fairly near future we plan to carry out dummy runs in selected areas before starting the main campaign. 64

In general … in particular — speaking generally — Вообще, в общем… в частности. Today I’d like us to consider marketing in general and European marketing in particular. In itself — standing or taken alone or separately, viewed or considered by itself as a thing isolated or apart from other things — от природы, по сути, в действительности. The design of this product is exceptional in itself. That, and its performance and durability, should guarantee it a market. In the (or as a) last resort — the only real or remaining answer or possibility when every factor or possibility has been examined, considered or tried — как последнее средство, в крайнем случае; в последнюю очередь. We have to look into ways of reducing expenditure. As unemployment is already high, then dismissal of staff only be considered as a last resort. In lieu of — instead (of) — вместо. Employees travelling on company business can either stay at company-approved hotels at company expense, or they can claim reasonable accommodation expenses in lieu if they stay elsewhere. In the light of — according to, in relation to, when seen in relation to the following evidence, what is now clear — в свете. Seen in the light of cold fact, many successful business people, pre-1900, were pirates and international criminals. In the long run — eventually, over or after a long time — в конечном счете, в конце концов. Hit and miss procedures may produce a few lucky successes in the short run but in the long run they are in effective. In the long (short or medium) term — thinking, looking or planning from now into the future — в долгосрочном плане. Regular maintenance of equipment provides immediate and short-term benefits. In a nutshell, it helps avoid unnecessary prob65

lems, but in itself offers no guarantee of trouble-free operation in the long term. In the meantime — meanwhile, for the time being — тем временем, между тем; за это время. I shall shortly be introducing you to our sales director but in the mean time, let me show you a short video in connection with company development. In a moment — shortly, very soon, almost immediately — сейчас, через минуту. I have some letters to sign, so if our visitors arrive, make them comfortable and tell them I’ll be with them in a moment. In the nature of — being similar in type or character to, rather like — напоминающий, похожий. Although the wording of the letter was polite, it was nonetheless clearly in the nature of a threat. In a nutshell — briefly, to summarize in a few words — вкратце, кратко, в двух словах. The crux of the matter, in a nutshell, is that working conditions are so difficult that the workforce is insisting on a fifteen per cent pay increase. In (my) opinion — take the view that, my skill or experience leads me to believe that — по моему мнению. The lawyer, after considering all the facts, said that in her opinion, her client company stood a reasonable chance of success in the lawsuit. In order to (do) — with the purpose or aim of doing or causing something; so as to — с целью, для того чтобы. In order to demonstrate this theory, we carried out a number of experiments, with interesting results. In other words — saying the same thing in a different way, to summarize — другими словами. 66

The basic function of financial institutions is to advance credit facilities, in other words, banks do business by lending money. In (its) own right — because of what it is as such or in itself and independent of any other relationship — полагающийся по праву (из-за титула, звания и т. п.) или в силу личных качеств. Bangladesh, once part of Pakistan, has for some years been a country in its own right. In passing — incidentally, by the way, another important matter — между прочим, к слову сказать, кстати сказать. While we’re talking about our research and development budget, I’d like to mention, in passing, that our competitors have increased theirs by up to thirty per cent. In place of — instead of, as a replacement — вместо. Factory production lines now often use robots in place of people. In principle — as a general idea or principle, but without considering details or practical possibilities — в принципе. So, in principle, then, we are agreed on the new proposals. We now have to study them in depth before reaching a final decision. In reality — to be absolutely correct, really, actually — в действительности, фактически, на самом деле. Although in principle it would be possible to extract Antarctic mineral, it is not likely to happen in reality, at least, as long as the international protection treaty lasts. In the red — operating in debit, at a loss or with a (cash) deficit, with liabilities in excess of assets — влезший в долги; превысивший кредит; убыточный. “Oh, really? He should be used to us being in the red by now so what’s he getting so excited about, I wonder?” In the same way — similarly, likewise, by the same token — так же. 67

This process can be used to produce sulphuric acid. In the same way, it can be used to produce building plaster. In the shape of — specifically; in the form of; in particular — вроде, по части, как насчет... The research and development department needs new facilities in the shape of a larger workshop and better equipment. Insist on — press or impose one’s actions, wishes or views on others — настойчиво утверждать, настаивать на. We must insist on immediate payment of or invoice. In so far as — to the degree or extent that — постольку поскольку. We will help you in so far as we can, but you must understand that our resources are limited. In terms of — with regard to — с точки зрения; в свете; в сравнении, исходя из, на основе. In terms of quality, our products are second to none. In that case — because of that — в таком случае In that case, We can have the lawyers draw up the contract. In theory … in practice — what should be correct, according to some rule or principle — теоретически … на практике, на деле, по существу, фактически In practice, equality exists only as a mathematical phenomenon. In (this) respect — focusing on only a number of factors — что касается, так как The two products are similar in some respects but different in others. In touch with — in contact by the spoken or written word — в контакте с кем-л. Although they don’t see each other very often, they are in constant touch by letter or phone. 68

In turn — in sequence, one after another, according to some pattern of events — последовательно, по очереди Thank you for your hospitality. In turn, we look forward to having you as our guest when you visit our country. In vain — unsuccessfully, without reaching one’s objective, with no result — напрасно, зря, тщетно, безуспешно The managers tried to save the company, but in vain. In (my) view — in my opinion — по моему мнению In my own view we should delay our decision until the end of the week. In view of — taking into account, considering — ввиду; принимая во внимание In view of the success of the product why was it withdrawn from the market. In a word — briefly or in short — одним словом; короче говоря In a word our products are the best that money can buy. Ins and outs — all the details — детали, подробности Our brochure explains ins and outs of how to operate the equipment. Iron out — remove problems or difficulties by discussion or action, sort out, put right — сглаживать, улаживать. There are a few meters that need ironing out before we talk about your salary increase. It/that depends (on) — maybe, perhaps, it’s very uncertain — как сказать, все зависит от обстоятельств, смотря по обстоятельствам. Are you interested in our product? It all depends. It/that remains to be seen — it’s not yet known or decided — бабушка надвое сказала, неясно 69

пока неясно, как он это сделает — it remains to be seen how he will do that It’s as simple as that — the fact is so clear that no further reason or explanation is required — очень просто; просто как дважды два. We have two choices: either we increase the workforce or we don’t meet the production deadline — it’s as simple as that. 1. Fill in the blanks 1) Payment must be made within 28 days, _______ the contract. 2) _______, the advantages of moving our center of operations outweigh the disadvantages. 3) This machine employs the latest technology, _______, it is inexpensive. 4) _______, the new management team will bring about major changes in the company. 5) _______, we have about 300 regular customers. 6) I hope the meeting is over by six p.m. _______ I have to be at the airport in time to catch the flight. 7) Our shareholders aren’t only large companies; they are companies and individuals _______. 8) As we have seen, the facts are complex but, _______, they can lead to only one conclusion. 9) We are _______ on paper but not, I think, in reality.. 10) We should arrive early for the meeting _______ there are things to be done before it starts. 11) _______ we’re prepared to allow a further 7 days to carry out our contract obligations. 12) I’m calling _______ your letter of the 8’th April. 13) On this project, you will be working _______ with two other departments. 70

14) The discussion moved back and force _______ the meeting. 15) Sales figures have been on increase over the past three months _______ the same period last year. 16) Having seen the process in bare outline let’s now look at it ___________. 17) The change in the law, aimed at reducing unemployment, will _______ also increase public spending. 18) I agree with your idea _______ although I have doubts. 19) At our last meeting, we discussed the subject in bare outline. We now need to examine it _______. 20) You’ve gone wrong in your calculations — you put the total 650, when _______ it should be 648. 21) Company’s profits last year were _______ $ 30 m. 22) We insist on payment _______ within seven days. 23) Many reasons are given for company failures but _______ they are usually brought up by poor management. 24) If you had been more careful _______, you wouldn’t have come up against these problems. 25) _______ what really moves us is our personal convictions. 26) So far, we have not had to face serious competition but _______ this will not be the case. 27) We don’t, _______, like our office staff to come to work wearing jeans. 28) If the company continues spending money at the present rate, it will be bankrupt _______ not-so-distant _______. 29) Hard work _______ not enough to guarantee success. 30) Your bonus is seven days’ extra holiday or cash _______. 31) _______ the information we now have about the company, it’s clear that we should never have done business with them. 32) This company offers advice on _______ investment and financial planning in general. 71

33) _______, the company could be a target for a takeover bid. 34) Sooner or later the recession will finish; everything comes to an end _______. 35) The new machine will not be installed for at least three months, so we must work with the present ones _______. 36) A number of people visit our showroom simply _______ to satisfy their curiosity. 37) We don’t have time for coffee — the meeting will be starting _______ . 38) Our products are _______ of accessories to a lifestyle which a few can afford. 39) We have doubts about the feasibility of this project; _______, we don’t think it’s a good idea. 40) _______, the pyramids of Mexico are quite different from those of Egypt. 41) Credit cards are now widely used __________ cash or cheques. 42) He was acceptable everywhere and had become smart _______. 43) The company’s final results put it seriously _______. 44) He looks about forty. _______, he is only thirty-four years of age. 45) We are ready to accept your proposal _______, but let’s check some details. 46) For this reason, we don’t agree with your first suggestion. _______, your second suggestion is also unacceptable. 47) Throughout the trial, the prisoner _______ his lack of guilt. 48) What have you _______ biscuits? 49) The new system, although more expensive to operate, is better _______ efficiency. 72

50) _______ we are concerned, we can’t accept responsibility for loss of goods in transit. 51) "_________," replied the guard, "I will go and fetch the steward myself." 52) This is out of the question, _______ that it stultifies the whole plan. 53) I wanted to _________ you just in case something has gone wrong 54) Our policy is to be very particular, but _______ we don't care that much. 55) Someone has to wash the dishes after every meal. All of us will have to do it _______. 56) Money spent on the brain is never spent _______. 57) A young man ________________, before setting up for himself, must see the world; form his taste; fortify his judgment. 58) _______ the high cost of gasoline, I sold my car. 59) The graph tells the story; _______ we’ve got problems. 60) But it's only natural, isn't it, to want to hear _________ of a case like this. 61) Our company has temporary financial problems, but these should be _______ within a few months. 62) _______ how many companies survive the recession. 63) She is going to wait until she sees what I am going to do. ___________ how we play our cards. 64) Your argument is ok up to a point, but ____________, there are some factors you haven’t allowed for. 2. Give the English for the Russian business idiom in brackets 1) Not many shareholders attended the meeting — only twelve (всего). 73

2) The government’s plans to increase taxes aren’t (в соответствии с) manifesto. 3) (В дополнение к) a degree in history my friend also has a degree in economics. 4) Looking at all aspects of the situation (в целом), we can see that the prospects are good. 5) For the first time in months he was (с деньгами)at the bank. 6) We have to decide whether we are selling products to a limited, exclusive market, or to buyers (любым). 7) (По всей вероятности) he failed to understand the consequences of his actions. 8) How you carry out the tests is up to you, but (в любом случае) don’t cut corners; it’s dangerous. 9) You’d better explain the reason of your absence (на всякий случай). 10) I’ll give you all the details later but, (вкратце) the position is that we need to raise money fast. 11) We have found out about your criminal record, (в этом случае) we can’t employ you. 12) He was the nation's Mr Clean (в отличии от) his predecessor who was brought down by corruption. 13) The two machines work (вместе) each other to obtain the result. 14) We are going to examine projected staffing levels. (В связи с этим) I’d like you to look at this chat. 15) (В процессе) carrying out the tests we came up against equipment break downs several times. 16) The company’s extravagant claims about the quality of its products (на самом деле) fell short of the truth. 17) Your report must be (детальным), based on hard facts. 18) An (всесторонний) analysis of the test results produced some surprising conclusions. 74

19) Staffing levels are (больше чем) current requirements, so must be reduced. 20) The two men’s dislike for each other arose (по существу), from the fact that they once had been rivals or the same job. 21) Our first impression of this product was favorable, but (в конечном счете) it’s performance didn’t match up to its design. 22) I shall (сначала) give the principal events of it in a chronological abridgment. 23) What you are now saying, (в действительности) is that you’ve changed your mind. 24) Once a month, the equipment must be checked over, (полностью). 25) Our main competitor is trying to drive everyone else — and us (в частности) — out of the market. 26) After a series of accidents at its factory, the company decided that (в будущем) proper action should be taken to ensure staff safety. 27) I shall seek his advice, but it will be (в крайнем случае). 28) (В ближайшем будущем) we are likely to have to replace much of our equipment. 29) Each stage of the process (сам по себе) produces only a limited effect but in aggregate the results are impressive. 30) Our company can’t maintain the position (в конечном итоге) unless we improve our marketing. 31) They went to a restaurant (вместо) fixing dinner in their burned kitchen. 32) Her different approach to the problem enabled us to see it (в новом свете). 33) (Тем временем), the US economy continues to decline. 34) Cuts in company spending now should lead to profits (в долгосрочной перспективе). 35) Although some of you may disagree, (по-моему) we should delay our decision until the end of the week. 75

36) The rise and fall of share prices can be seen (в виде) a thermometer of market confidence. 37) She's down on any little mistake (моментально). 38) (Другими словами), if I don’t finish the assignment by Wednesday I will not pass the course. 39) He got up at six (для того чтобы) be in the office on time. 40) He mentioned your visit (мимоходом). 41) She's a rich woman (сама по себе) rather than by inheritance. 42) Our old computer is out of date; we should get a state-ofthe-art one (вместо). 43) The results are satisfactory (в общем). Although we hoped for the better. 44) Many of the students were (в долгах) at the end of their first year. 45) My colleague looks happy, but (в действительности), he is miserable. 46) So all these products that you can see on the screen were made (таким же образом). 47) The costs of the earthquake can be counted (выражается в) billions, rather than millions. 48) The government is expected to introduce new economic measures (в виде) laws to do with tax, privatization and import controls. 49) I'm afraid I have to (настаивать на) the return of my book at once. 50) What does a scientist do (в такой ситуации)? 51) The two processes, while similar in their effect, differ (постольку поскольку) one uses chemicals only and the other uses electricity as well. 52) As soon as we have a response from our agent, we (сообщим) by fax. 76

53) We work hard — the office is open until 17.00 although (на самом деле) everyone goes home at 20.00 54) For months, we’ve been trying (напрасно) to persuade them to agree to our proposals. 55) Each generation (последовательно) must deal with the same budget problems. 56) I won't invite John to the meeting (из-за) his attitude. 57) (По моему мнению), this is Rembrandt's greatest work. 58) I don’t know why we ever employed him, (одним словом) he is useless. 59) We are having some problems with the new machines, but we are trying to (устранить) 60) You have the information. The facts speak clearly for themselves, so I really don’t think it’s necessary to discuss all (детали). 61) Have you decided about my salary increase? — I think it rather (зависит) on your performance. 62) We are certainly interested in your proposal, but (бабушка надвое сказала) whether we can accept it or not. 3. Paraphrase 1) Besides, as well as 2) Taken as a whole 3) In line with 4) In total 5) More certain than not 6) In profit 7) Of many or various different kinds 8) Whatever happens 9) If it happens that 10) In short, to sum up 11) In collaboration 12) Because of conditions or influences 13) Opposite to 77

14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26) 27) 28) 29) 30) 31) 32) 33) 34) 35) 36) 37) 38) 39) 40) 41) 42) 43) 44) 45) 46) 47) 48) 49) 50)

Concerning During With every part Thoroughly Essentially; fundamentally Over In reality After everything has been given due consideration Truly First of all Further Fully, totally From now on Mostly/especially In extreme Essentially Instead of In relation to Planning from now into the future For the time being Over or after a long time Rather like In my judgment Almost immediately With the purpose of Saying the same thing in a different way Instead of Through one's own skills or qualifications By the way Actually With a deficit In theory or essence In the form of Similarly In the sense that To press Concerning 78

51) 52) 53) 54) 55) 56) 57) 58) 59) 60) 61) 62) 63)

According to some rule or principle Considering this factor in isolation Because of that In contact by the spoken or written word In sequence With no result in my opinion Taking into account All the details Briefly It’s very uncertain Sort out, put right It’s not decided yet

4. Underline the most suitable preposition in each of the expressions 1) For/in all 2) In accordance to/with 3) In addition to/with 4) In/on aggregate 5) For/in all probability 6) In/on brief 7) At/in any case 8) With/In all shapes and sizes 9) In/on the black 10) For/in case 11) In/on the circumstances 12) In/with connection 13) In/with conjunction 14) On/in the course 15) On/in detail 16) At/in depth 17) In/by essence 18) By/in effect 19) On/in fact 20) On/in excess of 21) In/on the first place 79

22) 23) 24) 25) 26) 27) 28) 29) 30) 31) 32) 33) 34) 35) 36) 37) 38) 39) 40) 41) 42) 43)

On/in the final analysis At/in the future At/in full In/on future In/at the last resort In the nature of/to By/in itself From/in the light of To/in my opinion On/in the long run In order to/with By/in its own right By/in other words In place of/for Insist in/on By/in principle On/in terms of On/in that case By/in practice In/By turn In/by my view With/in a word 5. Translate from Russian into English

1) В дополнение к своей зарплате он много зарабатывает на авторских гонорарах. 2) Наша компания, по всей вероятности была на грани банкротства. 3) Таможенные декларации, заполненные не в соответствии с правилами, будут признаны недействительными. 4) Компания, в целом, погрязла в долгах гораздо сильнее, чем когда-либо. 5) Нас было 10 человек всего, тех кто представлял компанию на выставке. 6) Во всяком случае, вам лучше выслушать его. 80

7) Менеджер компании смог за десять минут вкратце изложить насущные проблемы. 8) Все частные телевизионные компании получают большие прибыли. 9) Наша миссия — научить людей самого разного уровня самообучению. 10) Если возникнут трудности, немедленно обращайтесь. 11) Полиция арестовала его и допросила в связи с совершенным преступлением. 12) Над этим проектом мы работаем вместе с нашими партнерами. 13) Я сказал ему, как лучше поступить в сложившихся обстоятельствах. 14) В ходе обсуждения стало ясно, что мистер А. был против предложенного плана. 15) В отличие от своих соседей, они живут скромно. 16) В сущности, он был честным человеком. 17) Не забудьте указать подробные сведения о долгах компании. 18) Оба метода фактически ничем не отличаются один от другого. 19) Если заниматься проблемой, то глубоко. 20) Ведь, в конце концов, предприниматели полностью отвечают за состояние техники безопасности. 21) На самом деле эта работа не стоит вложенного труда. 22) Управленческий персонал и работники умственного труда чаще всего работают на условиях удлиненного рабочего времени. 23) Это совершенно неудачный проект, Я же с самого начала говорил вам об этом. 24) Мы сполна заплатили за нашу ошибку в расчетах. 81

25) Впереди нашу компанию ждут блестящие перспективы. 26) Мы и впредь будем прилагать все усилия при реализации новых проектов. 27) В целом наши соперники превзошли нас по многим параметрам. 28) Правительство вводит чрезвычайную ситуацию только как последнее средство. 29) Они работают неполный рабочий день вместо полного, так как их рабочие часы были урезаны. 30) Сам по себе результат был впечатляющим. 31) В свете новых тенденций наш проект выглядит привлекательным. 32) В ближайшей перспективе все пострадавшие от наводнения будут обеспечены жильем. 33) Опыт показывает — чем лучше вещь, тем она в конце концов обходится дешевле. 34) Его просьба была очень похожа на приказание. 35) Между тем, конечно, всегда имелась какая-то надежда, что задача, поставленная перед командой, будет успешно выполнена. 36) Сотни мыслей пронеслись в моей голове в одно мгновение. 37) Как мне кажется, эту статью просто необходимо прочесть. 38) У него встреча в шесть в четверг, другими словами он не придет на вечеринку. 39) Все наши сотрудники посещают тренажерный зал, чтобы быть в форме. 40) Наш босс всегда делает замечания мимоходом. 41) Жизнь — это сила сама по себе. 42) Поставьте свои инициалы вместо полной подписи. Этого достаточно. 82

43) Решение казалось простым, но на самом деле претворить его в жизнь было не так уж просто. 44) Наша компания к сожалению убыточная. 45) В принципе, вы можете вычислить это из этого уравнения. 46) У них одинаковый принцип работы. 47) Босс настаивает на том, чтобы все работники были приглашены. 48) Мы можем обеспечить Вам финансовую поддержку в виде займа. 49) Он рассматривал этот бизнес с точки зрения прибыли. 50) Эта компания отличается от других поскольку она дает гарантию на свою продукцию, в то время как другие — нет. 51) Наши конкуренты вероятно снизят цены в ближайшем будущем. Мы будем вынуждены сделать тоже самое в таком случае. 52) Мне нравится ваша идея. Звучит убедительно. Интересно, можно ли ее применить на практике. 53) Не теряйте со мной контакта. 54) Она поговорила с каждым из гостей по очереди. 55) В связи с тем, что было поздно мы отложили обсуждение до следующей встречи. 56) Он протестовал, спорил, пробовал взять лестью — ни в какую! 57) Как мне кажется, эту статью просто необходимо прочесть. 58) Подноготная финансовой жизни так сложна. 59) Одним словом — ситуация очень серьезная. 60) Совет директоров пытается уладить трудности, связанные с новым договором. 83

61) Согласны ли вы подписать контракт? — Все зависит от обстоятельств. 62) Это еще вопрос, согласится ли он. 63) Для меня ясно как дважды два – авторы прежнего проекта допустили ошибку.

K and L are for ....................................... Keep an eye on — watch carefully, guard in case of some risk — наблюдать за кем-либо/ чем-либо We keep a careful eye on share price movements in market sectors where we do business. Keep in the dark — not know, be without information — держать в неведении. We must keep our competitors in the dark about our plans. Keep in the picture — keep informed — держать кого-л. в курсе дела Let’s go over those points to make sure you are completely in the picture. Keep in touch with — continue contact — поддерживать контакт Goodbye, let’s keep in touch and if the chance comes up, maybe we can do business some time in the future. Keep (one’s) options open — decide against taking any firm decision now — оставить за собой право выбора, не торопиться с решением. A number of possibilities are being investigated and we are keeping our options open for the time being. Last, but not least — coming last in order but nevertheless important — хотя и последний, но не худший, последний по счету, но не по значению, не менее важный 85

Last but not least the boy came up to the front of the class to receive his report card. Lay it on the line — speak clearly and frankly — говорить прямо, откровенно, выложить все. We’ve got to lay our position clearly on the line at the meeting. There must be no misunderstanding. Line (path) of Least resistance — the easiest not the best way of action — линия наименьшего сопротивления. For several years, the company has been taking the line of least resistance. Leave open — delay a decision or conclusion until after further discussion or action — оставить нерешенным, открытым (вопрос и т. п.) They have made us a good offer, but I think we should leave it open for the time being. The long and the short of it — to summarize the main facts or results — короче; суть в том, что; как бы там ни было. The long and short of it, they got married. (A) long shot — an attempt which is unlikely to succeed — рискованная ставка (c маленькими шансами, но крупным выигрышем) ; смелое предприятие; трудноосуществимый план; смелое предположение It is a long shot but not beyond the realms of possibility. Look forward to — think about some future time or event with positive feelings — ожидать с нетерпением; предвкушать. Every year the children look forward to the holidays coming. Look into — investigate — исследовать; проводить изыскания. We’d better get our political contacts to look into it, discreetly of course. 86

Lose face — to lose status; to become less respectable — потерять лицо, доброе имя, престиж, скомпрометировать себя. Things will go better if you can explain to him where he was wrong without making him lose face. Lose money — to have a net loss on something, such as an investment — потерять деньги I lost thousands on that deal. I don't want to lose money on any investment. Lose touch with — lose contact — потерять связь, контакт с кем-л. I lost touch with everyone who I worked with at my summer job. 1. Fill in the blanks 1) Our company employs security guards to ________________ our office. 2) After my neighbor moved, we still ____________. 3) Congress complained about being ________________ about the peace talks. 4) Just make sure you ____ the boss ____________ about the status of the project. 5) In deciding neither for nor against selling off statecontrolled companies, the government is clearly ____________ __________. 6) The speaker said, «And now, ____________, I’d like to present Bill Smith, who will give us some final words.» 7) Ann never states her point of view. She takes _________________ and agrees with everyone else. 8) Look, Charlie, let me _______________... You’re on the spot. 9) Please _________ an appointment __________ for Mrs. Wallace next week. She will be calling in to our office for an appointment. 87

10) It is ____________ but not beyond the realms of possibility. 11) The________________ is that he is lazy and doesn’t really want to find a job. 12) I’m _________________ some warmer weather after this bitter winter. 13) Work hard and save your money. It is the oldest rule for success in America, don’t ____________! 14) The sales manager __________________________ with his customers when he continually promised items he couldn’t deliver. 15) The police are _______________ the murder. 16) I hope I don’t lose contact with you. I don’t want to ______________ my old friends. 2. Give the English for the Russian business idiom in brackets 1) While our boss is away assistant director (следит) on things. 2) Let me tell you that I don't like being (в неведении) about matters that affect me as closely as my daughter's future life 3) I want ( быть в курсе) when those stolen goods are sold. Don't cut me out of the profit! 4) I want (поддерживать связь) my office over the someone or something, in any combination weekend. 5) I want (оставить за собой право выбора), so I didn't sign the contract yet. 6) Dad really (сказал прямо) and told me I couldn't use the car unless all my grades went up. 7) Right, I've got my money, my sunglasses and, (и не менее важный), my lipstick. 8) The company collapse was brought about by managers taking (путь наименьшего сопротивления) in the face of problems. 88

9) In principle, I like the idea, but I am afraid it’s just too (рискованно) in the present market. 10) I phoned my friend and he told me (абсолютно все) regarding the reason why he got fired. 11) We still have plenty of alternatives (открытыми) to us. 12) This is a very difficult project. I must say I (жду с нетерпением) finishing it. 13) There is a problem with the photocopier — Can you send one of your engineers to (осмотреть) it? 14) No one whom Dave has taught seems ever to (потерять контакт с) him. 15) John is more afraid of (потерять доброе имя) than losing money. 16) This isn't some altruistic gesture, I would have to give up quite quickly if I started regularly (терять слишком много денег). 3. Paraphrase 1) Have information 2) Watch carefully 3) Be without information 4) Be in contact 5) Decide against taking any firm decision 6) the easiest not the best way of action 7) speak clearly and frankly 8) coming last in order but nevertheless important 9) think about some future time or event with positive feelings 10) delay a decision or conclusion until after further discussion or action 11) summarize the main facts or results 12) an attempt which is unlikely to succeed 13) lose status 14) Examine, inquire 15) have a net loss on something, such as an investment 16) Lose contact 89

4. Underline the most suitable preposition in each of the expressions 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

Keep an eye on/at Keep in/on the dark Keep in/on touch Keep in/at the picture Lay it on/in the line Look forward to/on Lose touch in/with 5. Translate from Russian into English

1) Я благодарен, за то, что вы держите меня в курсе дела, очень-очень благодарен. 2) Я просто не мог оставить дедушку одного. Он, несомненно, попадет в беду, если я не буду следить за ним. 3) Они держали общественность в неведении относительно заключенного соглашения 4) Каждый может оставить за собой право выбора. 5) Не теряйте со мной контакта. 6) И последнее, но не менее важное — мне бы хотелось представить нашего нового вице-президента. 7) Наш босс всегда говорил прямо, когда был недоволен работой. 8) Джим не станет отстаивать свои права. Он всегда идет по пути наименьшего сопротивления. 9) Строить ли там больницу — так и не было решено. Вопрос остался открытым. 10) Если ты не сможешь заказать билет, попытайся купить его в аэропорту — это рискованно, но возможно тебе повезет. 11) Как бы там ни было, но на поезд мы опоздали. 12) Я с нетерпением ожидаю начала занятий. 90

13) Не беспокойтесь о своей проблеме — я изучу все и думаю, что смогу помочь. 14) Он отказался признать свою ошибку, потому что боялся, что это испортит его репутацию. 15) Компания обанкротилась — в последнее время слишком сорили деньгами. 16) Мы не слышали о наших агентах в последнее время; мы потеряли с ними контакт, когда они сменили офис.

M and N are for ...................................... Make or break — to be the cause or instrument of success or failure — возвеличить или погубить; либо пан, либо пропал. This story will make or break my career as a sports journalist. Make certain (sure) –to check or verify — удостовериться (в чем-л.). Make certain of your facts before you argue. Make (something) clear — explain, give details, clarify — прояснять, пояснять. A few illustrations will make clear his position in this matter. Make a deal with — bargain (with) — уславливаться о цене, условиях. I want to buy your car and I think I can make a deal with you. Make do with — manage with or accept something which is less than one wants — заменить одну вещь другой — обходиться. I’m afraid we simply can’t make do any longer with this old equipment — we’ll have to replace it. Make headway — make progress in a particular direction — продвигаться вперед, прогрессировать, делать успехи. I don’t seem to be making much headway in my career. Make a loss — sell something for less than it’s production cost — терпеть убытки. My company made a loss last year and had to lay off three employees. 92

Make money — get, obtain or gain money — зарабатывать, «делать» деньги. She was disappointed by his devotion to making money. Make one’s point — succeed in making understood the logic or sense of an argument — доказать; изложить свою точку зрения, высказать соображение, мысль. The aim of a presentation is to make one’s point efficiently and effectively. Make a profit — sell something for more than it costs to produce — получать прибыль. The company made an overall profit on it’s operations last year. Make progress — move forward, to advance — достигать успеха. She has made remarkable progress since joining the company. Make sense — to be logical, to have meaning — иметь смысл, быть понятным. This letter is very confused, I can’t make any sense of it at all. Make up one’s mind — decide — решиться, принять решение. I haven’t yet made up my mind whether to accept the offer or not. Make (something) work — put and keep something in satisfactory working order — сделать так, чтобы чтото работало; заставить что-либо работать, действовать. This new system is vital for the company — we have to make it work. Matter of something — a factor likely to be influential — главный фактор. It was a matter of some concern to most of those present. 93

Matter of fact — something known or proved — неоспоримый факт. It’s a matter of commercial fact that every product has a limited lifespan. Matter of opinion — something not believed by the speaker, a point open to question; a debatable statement — спорный вопрос. In the market survey we are interested in data information and hard facts, not mere matters of opinion. Mean business — be serious or determined — иметь серьезные намерения, говорить, действовать всерьез, по-деловому. I could tell from the look on her face that she meant business. Means to an end — way or method of getting to an objective — средства для достижения какой-л. цели; предлог. We use special offers in order to attract bigger orders — in other words, as a means to an end. Meet someone half way — compromise by a reduction in one’s own demands — идти навстречу кому-л.; идти на уступки кому-л., идти на компромисс с кем-л. If you are prepared to meet us half way on price, there is a better prospect of a repeat order. Moment of truth — the final or unavoidable point of crisis, change — критический, решающий момент, момент истины. He had been stealing money from the company for years and must have known that the moment of truth would come sooner or later. More or less — approximately — более или менее, до известной степени; приблизительно, примерно. He seemed more or less familiar with the subject. Nine times out of ten — almost always — в девяти случаях из десяти; в большинстве случаев, как правило. Nine times out of ten our customers are completely satisfied. 94

No/not any exception — thing or person following or forming part of some expected or normal type, pattern or rule — без исключения. As we have seen from the latest annual report and accounts, last year proved no exception. No problem — this is simple — без проблем. We can change the delivery schedule as you ask, no problem. Nothing to do with — have no dealings with — не касаться, не иметь никакого отношения к;не иметь ничего общего с. It's nothing to do with me how you want to spend your money. 1. Fill in the blanks 1) Certain critics are _____________a book.

so

influential

that

they

can

2) She is a successful broker and _____________ for a lot of clients. 3) I ____________ that our paths would never cross again 4) Let me help ___________ the contract _____________ to you. 5) You’ll have to ________________ ten pounds a week 6) I suppose because my own talent was wasted I _____________of encouraging Howard’s, and I think it has been well worthwhile. 7) Talks between the two countries are _____________ very little __________. 8) Forecasts show that we stand ___________ on our business during the company’s current financial year. 9) But beyond the profound federal perks, married people ____________ more ___________. 10) We __________ slow ___________ driving through the city because of heavy traffic. 95

11) If they do not extract it today, they will have to do it in the future if they want to ___________. 12) I haven’t _________________ where to go for my holiday, which is supposed to be in March. 13) It _______________ to take care of your health. 14) It was _________________ as to what design would be best for the new art gallery. 15) And second, that ___________________.

I

have

no

idea

how

to

16) As a _____________, I think a lot of my design ideas come from mistakes and tricks of the eye. 17) Successful marketing is a __________________, amongst other things, of identifying the right product for a particular market. 18) The changes the new government has made show they _______________. 19) ____________________ if you have a car problem, it is not very big and it can easily be fixed. 20) He rang the bell and asked if he might inspect the telephone, but it was only _____________ - he intended to rob the house. 21) They settled _________________.

the

argument

by

agreeing

to

22) I ___________________ have decided to study business next year. 23) I faced the _______________ when I had to decide on rather to follow my heart and marry the love of my life, or to take the job of my dreams. 24) Nobody had much money at the time and I was ______________. 25) Billy and his father have had ________________ with each other for nearly twenty years. 26) «Can you help me?» «______________!» 96

2. Give the English for the Russian business idiom in brackets 1) This appointment (решит мою судьбу) so keep your fingers crossed. 2) You should call to (убедиться) everything is in order. 3) I want to (пояснить) to you, so ask questions if you want. 4) We haven't (продвинулись вперед) with this project. 5) I called the real estate agents about the house we saw last week, but their clients already (условились о сделке) with someone else. 6) You'll have to (обходиться) what you have. 7) I'm telling you! I can (заработать) anywhere! I'm a crack machinist. 8) There's no way you can (понести убытки) on this deal. 9) Well done! You (изложил свою точку зрения) well at the meeting and I am sure many of us agreed with you. 10) We are in business in order to (получить прибыль), if we continue to employ you, we’ll soon be making a loss. 11) The engineers (добились потрясающих результатов) installing the new equipment. 12) For business travelers (разумно) to travel in comfort. 13) The chairman confirmed that the cost-cutting operation had been a success and that it was just (дело времени). 14) At a very early age she (приняла решение) to become an actress. 15) These proposals can (сработать) in practice, but only as long as we are in full agreement. 16) (Это неоспоримый факт) that they had a relationship. 17) (Это спорный вопрос) how strong the company is. 18) I really want this relationship, Simon, and I'm prepared to work at it but you have to (пойти на компромисс). 19) He is working very hard and (имеет серьезные намерения) when he says that he is going to get the office organized. 97

20) Mike doesn't have any professional ambitions. For him, work is just (средство для достижения цели). 21) We weren't really sure how we felt about the company, but once the salesman explained all the benefits of the company, and how far they were willing to go, we reached our (момент истины). 22) And I tried to use that (по мере возможностей) in my teaching, whether it be in sports, or whether it be in the English classroom. 23) I'm always emailing her, but (в большинстве случаев) she doesn't reply. 24) If you aren’t prepared to do business on these terms, that’s (без проблем), we have other customers interested. 25) They prove there is a rule, or there could be (без исключений). 26) It's my decision-it has (не имеет отношения) with you 3. Paraphrase 1) check or verify 2) bring success or ruin 3) Accept something which is less than one wants 4) Explain 5) Make compromises 6) Sell something for less than it’s production cost 7) Make progress 8) Succeed in making understood the logic or sense of an argument. 9) Gain money 10) Move forward 11) Sell something for more than it costs to produce 12) Have meaning 13) Something known or proved 14) Decide 15) Put and keep something in satisfactory working order 16) Factor likely to be influential 17) A debatable statement 18) Be purposeful 98

19) A moment when a person or thing is put to the test 20) Compromise 21) Method of getting to an objective 22) Approximately 23) This is simple 24) Almost always 25) thing or person following or forming part of some expected or normal type 26) have no dealings with 4. Underline the most suitable preposition in each of the expressions 1) Matter of/off opinion 2) Make a deal with/for 3) Make up/on one’s mind 4) Means to /up to an end 5) A moment in/of truth 6) Nine time out of / of ten 5. Translate from Russian into English 1) Главный принцип — прояснить, упростить, однозначно выразить. 2) Его мнение могло бы возвеличить или разрушить общее впечатление о постановке. 3) Проверь, все ли двери заперты. 4) Бесполезно заключать сделки с руководством — они их все равно не выполняют. 5) Наш Босс очень огорчается, когда компания из месяца в месяц несет убытки. 6) Если для кофе нет сливок, придется обойтись молоком. 7) Мы надеемся, что ученые смогут продвигаться в области разработки новых лекарств. 8) Мой друг хорошо зарабатывает на новой работе. 9) Когда-то наша компания была очень успешной, но последние 4 года она не получает прибыли. Что-то идет не так. 99

10) Во время дискуссии финансовый директор доказал, что наши ожидания не оправдываются. 11) Он не скор на решения 12) К сожалению наша сторона не достигла больших успехов в переговорах. 13) Его новое предложение действительно вполне разумно. 14) Несмотря на то, что прибор проверили со всех сторон, мы не могли его запустить. 15) На самом деле, мы много раз были в художественной галерее. 16) Продвинемся мы или нет по этой схеме — в большинстве своем зависит от своевременного финанcирования. 17) Возможно ты устал от физической нагрузки, хотя это хорошее средство для достижения твоей цели. 18) «Он хороший менеджер.» — «Это спорный вопрос. Я работал с ним два года и на самом деле это было худшее время в моей карьере.» 19) Похоже, ты настроен решительно. 20) Он очень упрямый и никогда не хочет пойти навстречу своим друзьям. 21) Для бегуна настал момент истины, когда начался финальный квалификационный забег для олимпийских игр. 22) Мы всегда рассчитываем на милосердие, хотя знаем — исключений не бывает. 23) Мы пришли примерно к одному и тому же выводу. 24) Как правило, она приходит к нужному решению. 25) Ваша идея интересная. Но, к сожалению она не имеет ничего общего с обсуждаемой проблемой. 26) Мы немного опоздаем. Нет проблем.

O is for ................................................. Object of the exercise — goal or target — конечная цель. Staying late at the office to discuss shorter working hours rather defeats the object of the exercise. Off the record — unofficially — конфиденциальный, неофициальный. She made it clear that her commentswere strictly off the record and should not be included in the article Of (its) own accord — spontaneously — само по себе, самотеком. In many cases the disease will clear up of its own accord. On average — usually; typically — в среднем. He was making, on average a week, $150,000 — tax free of course. On balance — all things considered — принимая все во внимание, взвесив все, по зрелом размышлении. There are both advantages and disadvantages in the scheme proposed, but on balance I think we should benefit by adopting it. On the basis of — in accordance with a certain standard — исходя из, на основе. On the basis of recent market research, there seems to be a clear need for this kind of product/ On behalf of — as representative — от чьего-л. имени (лица), по чьему-л. поручению. I will be attending the meeting on behalf of finance director. 101

On the blink — not working properly — в плохом состоянии, не в порядке. No, I didn’t get the message; our lines of communication must be on the blink. On condition that — but only if — при условии если. We are prepared to pay your price on condition that you can guarantee delivery. On the contrary — in total contrast — наоборот. Does your back feel any better? — On the contrary, it feels much worse. On the face of it — apparently — (судя) по внешнему виду, на первый взгляд, казалось бы; очевидно, ясно. On the face of it the thing's — startling. On the grounds of/that — for the reason that — на основании, на основе, по причине, исходя из соображения. The young executive was dismissed on the ground of his inefficiency and poor results. On the one hand/on the other hand — in contrast — с одной стороны, с другой стороны We need to improve our company image. On the other hand, we have to cut expenditure at the same time. On paper — in theory — на бумаге, в теории. On paper, their country is a multi-party democracy. On purpose — deliberately — с целью, нарочно. He does this on purpose, just to let everyone know who is in charge. On reflection — after giving the matter — further consideration — подумав, поразмыслив. On reflection, I suppose his tales are just too old-fashioned. 102

On sale — on the market and available — в продаже. Psychology text book is on sale. On a (large) scale — in large number — в большом масштабе. The company is involved in large scale production. On second thoughts — after giving the matter — further consideration — по зрелом размышлении, подумав хорошенько, пораскинув умом. I'll have a coffee please. Oh no, on second thoughts, make it a tea. On the surface — superficially — на первый взгляд; внешне; поверхностно. His politeness is on the surface only. On (these) lines — in this way — таким образом; таким путем. Take a firm hold on this line. On (these) terms — in line with conditions or arrangements proposed — на условиях. We will be happy to employ you again, on the same terms as before. On time — exactly at the right time — вовремя. Please make sure delivery is on time. On the whole — generally speaking — в общем, в целом. On the whole, last year was successful, with profits in spite of difficulties in the market. One way or the other — this is inevitable result whatever happens — тем или иным путем, так или иначе. This job should be finished one way or another. Or so — approximately — почти; или что-нибудь вроде этого, около этого. I'll be away for two days or so. 103

Other things being equal — conditions being the same or unchanged — при прочих равных условиях. Other things being equal, she always arrives on time. Out of the question — beyond consideration; unthinkable or impossible — не может быть и речи, совершенно исключено, и думать нечего. I am afraid a further reduction in price is out of the question. 1. Fill in the blanks 1) _______________ this gymnastic ____________ is to expand the chest. 2) Although her comments were _________________, the newspaper published them anyway. 3) The report found that, ___________ , most people would prefer a female doctor to a male one. 4) The words were shaping themselves _____________________. 5) This shows your life expectancy against gross national income — how rich countries are __________. 6) The vacuum cleaner is _____________ — we got to get it fixed 7) _____ what ____________________ will this decision be made? 8) I felt that I was presenting a case ___________________ the global community to try and create this day. 9) Elena agreed to act in the performance _______________ ___________ she could wear her own costumes. 10) I thought that the speech would be boring but ______________ it was quite interesting. 11) The design certainly looks good __________. 12) ______________________, the new system just moves our company into the computer age, but it may be more complicated than that. 104

13) They broke the contract ______________________ the quality of the product didn’t match their description. 14) I think that the woman spilled her drink ___________. 15) _______________ I want to go on a nice holiday but ___________ I don't have enough money. 16) ____________, he says, he very much regrets the comments. 17) Psychology text book is _____________. 18) _____________he is a charming, polite, well-educated man; his real personality, however, is very different. 19) Human rights ed __________________.

are

still

being

20) We decided to climb the mountain, __________________ realized that it was too dangerous.

violatbut

21) The new managers will be running the company ____ very different ___________ from before. 22) That man has such a reputation for dishonesty that I don’t think we can do business with him _________at all. 23) This is a local company called Vitality, and they've created a product to help people take their medicine ______________. 24) _______________________, a person with a PhD should be getting a higher salary than someone with only a Master's degree. 25) _______________ I think that it is a good idea but I would like to study it further. 26) I don’t have much choice. The company wants to send me to England or the US. So, _____________I will be working abroad. 27) You have no money, so going to Brazil for a holiday is ________________________. 28) So here's the problem that I've been interested in in the last decade ___________. 105

2. Give the English for the Russian business idiom in brackets 1) He told the reporters (не на камеру) about the problem with the budget estimate. 2) (Цель) was to recover stolen property. 3) He would not seek treatment (самостоятельно). 4) The working life of these machines is about two years (в среднем). 5) (В целом), I would say that it hasn't been a bad year. 6) She was chosen for the job (исходя из) her qualifications and ideas. 7) She accepted the position (при условии, что) there would be opportunity for advancement. 8) The lawyer went to the meeting (от имени) his client. 9) Either the speaker is (не в порядке) or I have gone deaf in one ear. 10) (На первый взгляд), the trip seems quite cheap, but there could be extra expenses we don't know about yet. 11) I'm not sick; (совсем наоборот) , I'm in the peak of health. 12) The budget has been cut by 50% (в целях) economy. 13) (С одной стороны), I'd like more money, (но с другой стороны), I'm not prepared to work the extra hours in order to get it. 14) Several candidates seemed suitable (на бумаге) but failed the interview. 15) How could you do such a thing (намеренно)? 16) Delivering treatment (в большом масштабе) is one of the main challenges. 17) We agreed on principle, but (при дальнейшем размышлении) I think there are some additional points to be discussed. 18) Tickets invariably sell out early so get your ticket as soon as they come (в продажу)! 106

19) The meeting between the two presidents was friendly, at least (на первый взгляд) and in public, in spite of the differences between them. 20) (Подумав) I do not think that I will go to a movie tomorrow. 21) This offer isn’t negotiable, either you meet us (на наших условиях) or we can’t go ahead at all. 22) The new system isn’t working perfectly as yet, but we are (на правильном пути) I think. 23) (В целом), I think my dinner party was a success. 24) I can tell if you pay your bills (вовремя). 25) Now, it may bring a certain amount of comfort, but that comfort lasts only about 20 minutes (или около того). 26) It’s up to our Boss to decide whether to buy new equipment or employ new staff. (В любом случае) our company is spending money. 27) He was tempted by the idea of having a flat of his own, but(это было исключено); the rent, though small, was beyond his means. 28) (При прочих равных условиях), a reduction in the cost of transport should enable us to lower our prices. 3. Paraphrase 1) The objective of the activity 2) Usually; typically 3) In confidence 4) Spontaneously 5) In accordance with a certain standard 6) All things considered 7) As representative 8) Not working properly 9) As seems at first 10) But only if 11) In total contrast 12) In contrast 13) For the reason that 107

14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26) 27) 28)

After further consideration In theory Intentionally After giving the matter — further consideration Available for sale In large numbers Superficially According to or by following this method, procedure Not late In line with arrangements proposed Generally speaking This is inevitable result whatever happens Not a possibility Roughly Only if other factors remain unchanged

4. Underline the most suitable preposition in each of the expressions 1) Object of/in the exercise 2) Off/out of the record 3) In/On average 4) On/in balance 5) On/in the basis of 6) In/on behalf of 7) On/in the blink 8) In/on condition that 9) By/on the contrary 10) On/in the face of it 11) In/on paper 12) On/by purpose 13) In/on reflection 14) On/For sale 15) On/at a large scale 16) In/on (these) lines 5. Translate from Russian into English 1) Компания самостоятельно решила закрыть производство и перенести его в другую страну. 108

2) Прежде всего давайте определимся с целью нашего выступления. 3) Наметились заметные успехи. — Об этом никому ни слова. 4) Взвесив все они поняли, что приняли правильное решение. 5) В среднем, я сплю примерно восемь часов каждую ночь. 6) Некоторые видео были запрещены к просмотру по причине жестокости. 7) Я смог расписаться за письмо от имени моего начальника. 8) Я решил купить новый фотоаппарат так как мой старый — барахлит. 9) Я одолжу тебе деньги только при условии, что ты вернешь мне все через месяц. 10) Вы согласны, что результаты не такие хорошие как Вы надеялись. — Наоборот они хорошие, даже лучшие. 11) Ваше предложение кажется разумным. По крайней мере на первый взгляд. Но безусловно нам надо его изучить. 12) Сотрудников обязали предъявлять пропуска в целях безопасности. 13) Я не думаю, что этот постоянный клиент обманул нас намеренно. 14) С одной стороны ты жалуешься, что одинока, а с другой — не принимаешь мое приглашение пойти на вечеринку. 15) В теории проект должен быть реализован к марту. 16) Поразмыслив, Босс решил изменить условия контракта. 17) Студенты любят ходить в этот книжный магазин — всегда можно найти литературу в продажу. 18) Сколько времени потребуется для того, чтобы запустить производство в большом масштабе. 109

19) Поразмыслив, мы решили что лететь слишком дорого и приняли решение ехать автобусом. 20) Боюсь что мы не готовы заключать с Вами сделку на Ваших условиях пока Вы не пересмотрите свои условия. 21) На первый взгляд он показался подходящим кандидатом на эту должность. 22) Не переживайте Ваш новый контракт будет таким же как и предыдущий, за исключением надбавки к зарплате. 23) Так или иначе проект придется реализовывать в этом году. 24) Начинаем вовремя и заканчиваем вовремя. 25) В целом — идея хорошая, но я бы предпочла не принимать быстрых решений 26) Я никогда не взял бы у тебя денег. Об этом не может быть и речи. 27) Через одно или два поколения, будут происходить даже более глубокие вещи. 28) При прочих равных условиях работу предложат мужчине.

P and Q are for ....................................... Pass the buck — try to avoid blame or responsibility by blaming someone or something else — сваливать ответственность на другого; ≈ валить с больной головы на здоровую. He's very clever at passing the buck to someone else Path of least resistance — the easiest way of action — линия наименьшего сопротивления. For several years the company has been taking the path of least resistance. Pave the way for — prepare the ground for some future development — подготовить почву для чего-л. The recent agreement between our two companies has paved the way for future cooperation between us. Pay dividends — produce good results — выплачивать дивиденды, приносить результаты. A politician should be careful to make the right friendships; those which are likely to pay dividends in terms of influence. Pay the penalty/price for — suffer the negative result of one’s actions — платить штраф. Follow the regs or pay the penalty. Pay (one’s) way — produce enough money to cover expenses — жить по средствам, не влезать в долги, окупать себя. I've always paid my way and I've never asked a friend for a loan in all my life. 111

Plan ahead — prepare for the future — планировать заранее. The wedding was planned weeks ahead. Play ball with — cooperate with a view to doing business — сотрудничать, действовать сообща, совместно (с кем-л.); действовать честно, быть честным (с кем-л.) Are you going to play ball or do I have to report you to the boss? Prove the point/case — show that an opinion or argument is correct — доказывать. The company is in trouble; rising overdraft and the falling sales figures prove the point. Point of the exercise — purpose or objective of the activity — цель And now about the point of this exercise. Point out — show or indicate; make clear — прояснять. The presenter pointed out to the audience the important features of the new product. Pros and cons — the positive and negative aspects — за и против. At this meeting we are going to look into the pros and cons of employing immigrant labor. Pull off — carry out successfully — добиться успеха, несмотря на трудности; справиться с задачей It takes a lot of skill to pull off something like that. Put the blame on — transfer the responsibility — возлагать (всю) вину на кого-л. He is a bad manager, always putting the blame for his mistakes on other people. Put in the picture — give information — осведомлять, информировать кого-л., вводить кого-л. в курс дела, ставить кого-л. в известность. He can put you into the picture more completely. 112

Put it (differently) — say or explain something (in a different way) — сказать или объяснить Do you agree with our proposals? Well, let me put it like this — we don’t entirely agree, but we don’t entirely disagree. Put pressure on — try to improve one’s position by use of persistence — оказывать давление на кого-л. Our department has been putting pressure on our company for months, but so far in vain. Put the record straight — correct any false ideas by giving the true facts — внести ясность, вносить ясность. Sheis writing her memoirs to put the record straight once and for all. Put together — assemble or fit together pieces or parts to make a whole — соединять; сопоставлять. We need to put together a flexible production plan to meet fluctuations in demand. Question of — a situation matter which is most important — вопрос о Whether or not we go ahead with a scheme is largely question of raising finance. 1. Fill in the blanks 1) Our supervisor always tries to _____________________ if someone tries to criticize his work. 2) You ran the red light and now you will have to _________ __________________. 3) Some parents take the _______________ with their childr en and let them do as they please. 4) The new policy is designed to __________________for more effective communication in the company. 5) Plenty of practice early in the season will _____________ ______ later on. 113

6) Things would go better for you if you'd learn to ________________. 7) Students must _______________________ if they choos e to participate in the trip. 8) A business must _______________, making use of sales and market forecasts. 9) When you're choosing a savings account, it is worthwhile s pending some time weighing up ___________ of the various type s of account on offer. 10) The government says the economic situation is improving. However, it’s difficult to see how they can _____________ in the light of rising unemployment figures. 11) It takes a lot of skill to ______________ something like that. 12) The guide took us through the city, _______________ interesting sights ___________. 13) We are now going to see a short video. __________________________ is to give a general explanation of how the product operates. 14) Health officials ______________________ the disease o n poor housing conditions. 15) It will be difficult to __________ a team _____________. 16) New companies are ____________________ establishe d firms to lower their prices. 17) His lawyer ________ him _______________ about what had happened since his arrest. 18) Let me _____________ this way, he’s rich, but he’s cert ainly not attractive. 19) This is not________________ too little money. 20) First of all, let me ___________________ ; whatever rumors you may have heard, it’s not my government’s intention to raise import duties. 114

2. Give the English for the Russian business idiom in brackets 1) Joan never states her point of view. She takes (линию наименьшего сопротивления) and agrees with everyone else. 2) Parents often try to (переложить ответственность) to teachers when children misbehave in school. 3) A good education (подготавливает почву для) to success. 4) She got a part-time job in order to (оплатить) through college. 5) My Spanish lessons have finally begun (приносить результаты), and I can carry on a simple conversation! 6) My head really hurts. I am (расплачиваюсь) for staying up too late last night. 7) The purpose of this meeting is (запланировать заранее) for the next year’s marketing strategy. 8) She tried in vain to (указать) to him the unfairness of his actions. 9) He felt he needed to (доказать). 10) He was warned to keep his mouth shut and (сотрудничать), and that's pretty much what he did. 11) May I interrupt a moment? Could you explain (основное)? We are not interested in your company plan. 12) After failing his driving test eight times, John at last (удалось сдать) it. 13) The committee had to consider all (преимущества и недостатки) before making a decision. 14) They aren’t prepared to see reason, so we’ll have to (надавить на) them if we want to succeed. 15) We'll have to (свалить вину) for the damage on the storm. 16) Until now, we’ve had to keep you in the dark about our plans. Today, however, we are going to (ввести в курс дела). 17) (Задача) whether a new school should be built. 115

18) You should cut spending, advised the accountant or to (говоря иначе) you’ll be in difficulties. 19) I think we have to (внести ясность). Your company and mine have been dissatisfied with one another and it’s time things were thrashed out. 20) When I (собрал) all the facts, I found the answer. 3. Paraphrase 1) Misdirect the responsibility 2) Break through obstacles 3) The easiest course of action 4) Make calculated future arrangements 5) Produce good results or advantages 6) Suffer the negative result of one’s actions 7) Use your own money to pay for the things you need or do 8) Show that the opinion is true 9) Cooperate 10) The objective of the activity 11) Positive and negative aspects 12) Indicate 13) Say or explain something 14) Carry out successfully 15) Try to transfer the blame 16) Keep informed 17) A factor to be intellectual 18) Try to improve position by use of persistence 19) Put right any misunderstandings 20) Fit together parts to make a whole 4. Underline the most suitable preposition in each of the expressions 1) The line from/of least resistance 2) Pave the way to/for 3) Point to/out 4) Put the blame at/on me 5) Put in/at the picture 116

6) Put pressure above/on 7) Pull of/off 8) Plan on/ahead 5. Translate from Russian into English 1) Если идти по пути наименьшего сопротивления — Вы никогда не добьетесь успеха. 2) Прекрати перекладывать ответственность! Это твоя вина и все об этом знают. 3) Не переживай, твоя работа принесет результаты — вот увидишь! 4) Предложения наших партнеров безусловно помогут принять правильное решение этого сложного вопроса. 5) Он достиг славы, но сейчас расплачивается здоровьем. 6) Ума не приложу как он докажет, что занимается упорно. Ни одного зачета. 7) Если бы Вы все спланировали все заранее, Вы бы смогли избежать настоящих проблем. 8) Я хотел проплатить его обед, но он настоял оплатить его сам. 9) Если ты будешь сотрудничать с новым менеджером, дела у тебя пойдут хорошо. 10) Взвесив все за и против, нам бы лучше воздержаться от реализации нашего проекта. 11) Не отходите от темы — Вы заявили другую цель доклада. 12) Она обратила внимание на ошибку. 13) Мы видим из прессы, что наши главные соперники выиграли главный контракт. Как же им удалось сделать это? 14) Когда же наступит время и Вы внесете ясность в наши отношения. 15) Если напрямую — ты не заслуживаешь этой премии. 16) Почему ты пытаешься свалить вину за неудачу на меня? 117

17) Спасибо за Ваш доклад, в будущем ознакомьте меня с дальнейшим развитием событий. 18) Я не смог сложить все факты воедино, чтобы получить ответ вовремя. 19) В бизнесе как в спорте — когда ты видишь, что твой соперник устал — самое время надавить на него. 20) Вопрос сегодняшней повестки дня — не позволить никому разорить нашу компанию.

R is for ................................................. Range from…to — fluctuate between certain given limits — из меняться от (...) до (...),колебаться от (...) до (...). Average sales range from heavy in winter to light in summer. Reach a deadlock/stalemate — (in negotiations, etc.) arrive at a position when no progress can be made — зайти в тупик. Talks between the two governments were broken off when a deadlock was reached. Refer to — direct attention — ссылаться на. What I am going to say is important and refers to all of us. Rely on — depend on, trust — надеяться. You can rely on us to deliver on time. Result from — be or have as the cause — получаться из, происходить вследствие, явиться результатом чего-л. Nothing resulted from all that work. Result in — be or have as a result — иметь результатом; приводить к; давать в результате. The experiment resulted in success. Right/straight away — immediately or at once — немедленно, сейчас же, тотчас же, сразу (же). I'm going to call him right away. Rule out — forbid or prohibit the possibility — мешать, препятствовать, исключать (возможность чего-л.) 119

The government has ruled out any further support for the industry. Run risks — take chances — рисковать. In the negotiations, if we don’t find some common ground early on, we run the risk of reaching the stalemate. Run up against — arrive at a position where positive progress may be blocked — столкнуться, встретиться с (кем-л. / чем-л.) The firm ran up against strong competition. 1. Fill in the blanks 1) My hobbies _______________ playing football ______ eating Japanese food . 2) It will be interesting to see what __________________ your efforts. 3) I do not have the impression that negotiations have _____________________________. 4) In connection with your request for a purchase order I must ___________ our customer services department. 5) The town ___________ the seasonal tourist industry for jobs. 6) __________________________ neatly any words which you do not wish the examiner to read. 7) This policy ___________________ a great rise in prices. 8) We'll stay here three days and then go home. I'll wire __________________ for steamer tickets. 9) You ___________________ of going to jail if you drive after drinking. 10) The government ________________strong opposition when it tried to increase taxes. 2. Give the English for the Russian business idiom in brackets 1) Yesterday we discussed the new process in general. Today I’m going to (обратиться к) some of its details. 120

2) Standard visiting intervals (варьируются от) once every 4 weeks (до) once every 3 months. 3) We should not disguise the fact that the final outcome is not at all a foregone conclusion: the process might (зайти в тупик) or even break down. 4) His persistent efforts (закончились) failure. 5) No doubt, his anger may have (явилась результатом) an argument. 6) She is someone you can really (положиться на) when times get rough. 7) I (столкнулся с) some regulations that were incredibly stupid. 8) A sudden storm (помешал) the boat race. 9) I'm a relative of yours although you may not believe it (сразу). 10) We don't want to (рисковать) of losing their business. 3. Paraphrase 1) Arrive at a position when no progress can be made. 2) Fluctuate between certain given limits 3) Have connections with 4) At once 5) Trust 6) Be or have as the cause 7) Be or have as a result 8) Take chances 9) Prohibit the possibility 10) Arrive at a position where positive progress may be blocked 4. Underline the most suitable preposition in each of the expressions 1) Refer to/at 2) Rely on/to 3) Result from/at 121

4) Range from/with 5) Rule out/out of 6) Run in/up against 5. Translate from Russian into English 1) Мой друг — очень разносторонний человек, поскольку с детства его интересы варьировались от спорта до искусства. 2) Давайте еще раз обдумаем наше коммерческое предложение, чтобы не зайти в тупик перед подписанием контракта. 3) Если мы не можем положиться на эти данные — значит это обман. 4) Ваш двусмысленный вопрос не имеет никакого отношения к нашей дискуссии. 5) Много аварий произошло из-за обледенения дорог. 6) Пожар привел к ущербу всего имущества. 7) Полиция исключила политические мотивы. 8) Если мы не примем решение сразу — процесс затянется на долгие годы. 9) Предложение управляющего международными операциями натолкнулось на возражения местных представителей. 10) Я не хочу рисковать своей репутацией, не хочу подвести Вас, поэтому мне нужно время, чтобы проверить информацию.

S is for ..................................................... Safe/sure bet — almost 100% certain — выигрышная, надежная, верная ставка. If you want a good lawyer, mine is a safe bet — she gets to the bottom of the problem. Save the day/situation — find an answer to a serious problem — успешно закончить, спасти положение. There's no use being angry with me. I had to do it to save the day.’ Save face — save dignity, reputation or honor — сохранить лицо, спасти репутацию, не уронить достоинства. Are the ministers involved more interested in saving face than telling the truth? Second opinion — an opinion from someone not directly involved in a matter — еще одно мнение, мнение другого человека. I would like to see a specialist for a second opinion on my doctor's diagnosis. See eye to eye — agree, compromise — смотреть одними глазами, сходиться во взглядах, мнениях (с кем-л.), разделять (чьи-л.) взгляды; найти общий язык. I think we see eye to eye about many things. See the light — realize that one has been wrong — прозреть, понять в чем дело; одуматься. At first I couldn’t understand what a presenter was aiming at, but bit by bit I began to see the light. 123

See reason — be persuaded by fair or logical argument — образумиться. He finally saw reason and reshaped his sales strategy bylowering the prices as his older brother had suggested. Set the record straight — to correct an error or misunderstanding — внести ясность. To set the record straight there must be an explanation from the Minister. Set up — establish, found, organize — основывать, учреждать, устанавливать. They needed the money to set up a special school for gifted children. Settle one’s difference — reach agreement or compromise — урегулировать разногласия. We’ll have to settle our differences with them somehow so we can carry on doing business. Shed light on — give a reason or explanation of something which isn’t clear — проливать свет на. The process isn’t as complex as it may seem — this diagram may help shed light on it. Shift the blame/responsibility (onto) — try to transfer the weight or focus of blame or responsibility — перекладывать (ответственность, обязанности). Don't try to shift the blame onto anyone else; it's your fault. Short cut — a quicker way or method than usual of reaching an objective — метод, требующий наименьших затрат времени и сил (для достижения какой-л. цели). On the whole, there are few short cuts to making money. Many short cuts lead to dead ends. Sleep on it — take a short time to think something over before coming to a decision — утро вечера мудренее. 124

You don’t have to decide now. Sleep on it and let us know tomorrow. Smooth out — remove problems or difficulties by discussion or action — сглаживать. There are a few matters that lead smoothing out before we talk about your salary increase. Snap decision — taken quickly — моментальное решение. We simply can’t make snap decisions, everything has to be carefully sort out. So far — up to now, as yet — до сих пор; пока; до настоящего времени. I haven't met my new neighbour so far. So long as — if the situation exists that/provided that — при условии, что; поскольку. We aren’t going to make a profit as long as we continue employing too many people. Soften up — reduce resistance — обработать, подготовить (кого-л.); смягчить или сломить (чье-л. сопротивление). You go in and soften father up, and then I'll ask him for the money. Soft option — an easier, less inconvenient method — линия наименьшего сопротивления. Most people prefer to take the soft option. Spark off — cause or bring about — вызвать, побудить. The management decision sparked off a series of arguments. Spell it out — make one’s position obvious — объяснять, пояснять. Let me spell it out for you: either you deliver the goods by tomorrow or you can treat our contract as at an end. Split hairs — disagree or argue over something unimportant — вдаваться в (чрезмерные) подробности; заниматься 125

казуистикой, проявлять педантизм, тратить время на пустяки. They don't have any serious differences. They are just splitting hairs. Spotlight — put special focus or attention on — сделать центром внимания; выдвинуть на первый план. Each programme in the series will spotlight a particular breed of dog. Stand a chance of — be in a position where, if and when an event takes place — ожидать, предвидеть If you figure on success, you stand a better chance of winning. Stand out for — be firmly decided not to accept less than one wants — отстаивать (права), настаивать на (чем-л.) He stood out for better terms. Stand to — be in a position where, if and when an event takes place — ожидать, предвидеть This year’s bad weather has hit some crops so badly that prices stand to rise on the commodity markets. Start with — at first, first of all — с начала, во-первых. Well, to start with, you can put out of your mind the notion that it'll be plain sailing. Stay in touch with — continue contact — поддерживать связь, отношения. We stay in touch with stock exchange movements worldwide, with a view to providing a better service for our clients. Stem from — originate from — возникать, приостанавливать преграждать Company losses stemmed from poor management. Step forward — positive movement towards an objective — шаг вперед (в каком-л. деле). 126

The signing of the lease was a step forward to our taking possession of the house. Stick out for — insist on (a demand), refusing to yield until it is met — настаивать They're sticking out for higher wages. Straight away — at once — сразу, тотчас, немедленно. I should go and see a doctor straight away. Straighten out — sort out, put right — исправить (кого-л.) I hope the misunderstanding will soon be straightened out. 1. Fill in the blanks 1) It's a ____________________ that those two will settle d own and have children. 2) If we can’t reach agreement on the value of the buildings, than we can ask for ______________ from a professional valuer. 3) The team was expected to lose, but Sally made three points and ______________________. 4) Peter had come to the rescue again and given Wally a job in the bar, to ____________ for the family. 5) He's asked for a transfer because he doesn't ____________ ______ with the new manager. 6) At ninety Grandma finally ______________ and gave up driving her car. 7) After a lot of studying and asking many questions, I finally _________________. 8) Is the equipment ________________ for the presentation. 9) The manager thought Jean was to blame, but she soon ___ ___________________. 10) He tried to ________________________ for his mistakes onto his colleagues. 11) They were determined to ____________________ before going home for the day. 127

12) I was hoping the professor would __________________ ______ how he arrived at his theory 13) We can save precious time by taking this _________________. 14) Should we settle this question now or should we ________________? 15) After a while, she _______________ and was more friendly. 16) I've been getting along better with my parents since we _______________our differences. 17) Completely overworked, he suddenly turned off his comp uter and made a _____________ to go swimming. 18) __________ this month we have covered ten lessons in the grammar book. 19) ____________________ you're driving into town, why not give me a ride? 20) The company has a very strict dress code, and they ______________________ for you when you start working there. 21) She chose literature for her examination because she tho ught it would be a ______________. 22) The advertising film about the new car __________________ an enormous public response. 23) The finance department has ___________________ three areas where we are overspending. 24) Partners don't have any serious differences. They are just _____________________. 25) They __________________ a better price. 26) With his lack of experience he ______________ no ____________________getting this job. 27) I will ________________ one volunteer and then add ot hers as we go along. 28) You _________________ make a lot from this deal. 128

29) The recent agreement between partners amounts to an important _________________ in their relations. 30) My old high school friends and I tried _____________ ______________ after we graduated, but we all started drifting apart. 31) Our difficulties ______________________ the bad weather we have been having. 32) Most people think that jail never ___________________ anyone ________. 33) The unions have said _________________ a 10% rise.

that

they

are

going

to

34) This fax is urgent could you send it, please. 2. Give the English for the Russian business idiom in brackets 1) Your excellent speech calmed the crowd and (спасла положение). 2) Rather than fire him outright, they let him (сохранить репутацию) by accepting his resignation. 3) Simplicity of design is a (выигрышная ставка) in the fashion world. 4) Will labor and management ever (согласятся) on the new contract? 5) He wanted a (подтверждение) on his illness. 6) We had been so busy! When business lets up for a while, we 'll be able to (увидеть свет). 7) Maybe now they’ll (образумятся) and scrap the project. 8) If we are wrong and Brian would like to (внести ясность), he should come talk to us. 9) The government is to (проводить) investigation into the causes of last month’s violent demonstrations. 10) This discussion has (немного прояснила) the problem. 129

11) They want to (перенести ответственность) for rising unemployment on the recession. 12) It's time you (уладить взаимоотношения) with your father. 13) There are no (коротких путей) to wisdom and learning. 14) Let me know what the problem is and I'll try to (сгладить) it. 15) Don't give me an answer now – (обдумайте) and we can talk later in a week. 16) We simply can’t make (быстрых решений), everything has to be carefully thought out. 17) (Пока) this year, we have allowed our competitors to take the initiative in overseas markets. 18) You can borrow the company car, (при условии) you realize you must refill the patrol tank. 19) The ads were just a way to (смягчить) public opinion to accept a big price increase. 20) Running a restaurant ing, but it’s no (просто).

may

seem

excit-

21) The invention of the petrol engine (вызвал) a revolution in transport. 22) Let's not (тратить время на пустяки) about whose turn it is; I'll close up today and you do it tomorrow. 23) She won't understand you unless you (разжуешь) everything for her. 24) I (настаиваю) my rights in this matter, and will take the matter to court if necessary. 25) As to staff performance this year, I’d like to (выделить) the sales manager, who has done wonders. 26) By investing carefully, we (получаем шанс) making a profit. 27) My doctor told me I could (вероятно) lose a few pounds. 130

28) I will (начать) one project and get another later if I want it. 29) Most prejudice (происходят от) fear. 30) You'd better (поддерживать связь) her sister so she'll know when to expect her. 31) Although in the aggregate we find your proposals unacceptable, they are at least a (шаг вперед) smoothing out some of our problems. 32) You may have to (настаивать) your offer longer than you expected. 33) If you don’t take any steps (тотчас же), I can’t guarantee any profits. 34) You are terrible. Someone is going to have to (исправить) you! 3. Paraphrase 1) An opinion from someone not directly involved in a matter 2) Almost 100% certain. 3) Find an answer to a serious problem 4) Save dignity 5) Agree 6) Be persuaded by fair or logical argument 7) Agree, compromise 8) Establish, found, organize 9) Correct an error or misunderstanding 10) Reach agreement 11) Give an explanation 12) Think over before coming to a decision 13) Try to transfer the weight or focus of blame or responsibility 14) A quicker way or method 15) Put right 16) But only if 17) The decision taken quickly 18) As yet, up to now 131

19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26) 27) 28) 29) 30) 31) 32) 33) 34)

Bring about Weaken An easier, less inconvenient course of action Speak clearly Put special focus or attention on Argue over something unimportant Some advantage or disadvantage is likely to occur Be in a position where, if and when an event takes place To be firmly decided, not to accept less than one wants Be in contact At first Be caused by insist on (a demand), refusing to yield until it is met Positive movement towards an improvement Sort out, put right Immediately

4. Underline the most suitable preposition in each of the expressions 1) Straighten off/out 2) Stick out for/from 3) Stay on/in touch with 4) Stand out for/with 5) Stand a chance off/of 6) Spell it off/out 7) Spark of/off 8) Smooth of/out 9) Sleep on/in it 5. Translate from Russian into English 1) Если Вы будете добираться машиной — 100% Вы выиграете время. 2) Этот игрок спас свою команду, когда сыграл свой лучший матч сезона. 3) Если Вы не уверены в правильности своего решения — не колебайтесь — обратитесь к эксперту за советом. 132

4) Для каждого самодостаточного человека самое главное — не терять лицо. 5) Личные истории помогают людям прозреть на счет сложных социальных вопросов. 6) Я не всегда соглашаюсь со своим другом. 7) Она решила написать мемуары, чтобы внести ясность раз и навсегда. 8) В конце четвертого курса мой друг решил бросить университет, но мне удалось убедить его не делать это. 9) Он выделил сыну небольшой капитал, чтобы тот смог встать на ноги. 10) На самом деле, легких способов изучить английский не существует. 11) Мы осознаем, что это наш последний шанс урегулировать все наши разногласия с партнерами. 12) Расследование не прояснило ситуацию с проблемой сохранности продуктов. 13) Если ты хочешь переложить всю ответственность на меня — на этот раз у тебя не пройдет. 14) У нас есть еще одна неделя, чтобы подумать о нашем решении. 15) Опять неудача — это результат поспешного решения. 16) Только благодаря дипломатическому таланту удалось сгладить конфликтую ситуацию во время переговоров. 17) Я дам тебе книгу, но при условии, что ты ее вернешь — она очень ценна для меня. 18) «Пока что все хорошо», ответила она, когда мы спросили ее, как у нее дела на работе. 19) На этот раз он выбрал наиболее легкий путь. 20) Оратор чувствовал явную не дружелюбность аудитории, поэтому он решил рассказать шутку, чтобы смягчить слушателей. 133

21) Менеджер говорит много правильных вещей, но он часто начинает вдаваться в ненужные подробности, чем тратит наше время. 22) Вы должны изложить ваши требования. 23) Невозможно пробудить интерес к предмету у студентов, если они сами в этом не заинтересованы. 24) У нашей команды есть хороший шанс выиграть в этом году чемпионат. 25) Несмотря на наши разногласия и в наших интересах оставаться на связи. 26) Он настаивал на улучшении условий. 27) Давайте начнем с анализа наших ошибок. 28) Разногласия между партнерами исходили из-за недопонимания. 29) Это огромный шаг вперед по сравнению со всем, что вы до этого сделали. 30) Просто необходимо настаивать на внедрении новых методов. 31) Когда наш босс вернулся из командировки, он тотчас же принялся за наш отчет. 32) В компании есть временные финансовые проблемы, но мы надеемся, что они будут устранены в ближайшие месяцы.

T is for .................................................. Tackle — take firm direct and positive action in dealing with a threat or obstacle — энергично, с усердием браться, приниматься (за что-л.) The government is doing all it can to tackle problems of housing and unemployment. Take aback — astonish or disconcert — захватить врасплох; поразить. His sudden change of opinion took us all aback. Take account of — take into consideration; allow for — учитывать. In international negotiations cultural differences must be taken account of. Take action on — act either in response to or as a result of circumstances — дать ход делу, (принять меры в ответ на что-л). We need to take firm action on the reduction on our market share. Take care to — make sure/certain of doing something — сделать все возможное. She took care to avoid catching cold. Take a chance — try to do — воспользоваться случаем, попытать счастья. He had his chance once. I don't know why he didn't take it. 135

Take the consequences — accept the (negative) results of some risky action — отвечать за что-л., нести ответственность за последствия. Let him take the consequences of his undutifulness. Take the easy way out — avoid dealing directly with a problem by taking some other action — пойти по пути наименьшего сопротивления. I'm not the type that takes the easy way out. Take effect — become effective — дать желательный результат, подействовать, возыметь действие. The drug took effect. Take a firm line/stand on/over — show a determined intention — придерживаться линии, направления, курса. We have to try to talk the sales director out of resigning; but what is the best line to take? Take (first) place — have top priority — занимать первое место. This enabled him to take first place. Take the initiative — be the first to make a move — проявить инициативу. There is a gap in the market that we can fill — if we don’t take the initiative, our competitors will. Take into account/consideration — include as one of the important factors or things connected with a question — принимать во внимание, учитывать. Product pricing policy should take factors such as marketing costs into account. Take the line/path least resistance — to act in the way which will be easiest — идти по линии наименьшего сопротивления. You could alwaystake the line of least resistance and go with the majority vote. 136

Take the long view — form a decision or opinion based not only on the present position — проявить дальновидность, предусмотрительность, позаботиться о будущем. There may be a certain amount of opposition. In a committee like this some members never take the long view. Take note of — note, record or consider something which is indirectly connected — обратить внимание на (что-л.) ; принять (что-л.) к сведению. I thought she had left the company. Please takenote of the hour. It is late. Take place — happen, occur — происходить, случаться; состояться, иметь место. The wedding will take place next week. Take point — understand a reason, argument or point of view — понять (кого-л.) "The affair will have to be settled." "I take your point, sir." Take risks — do something even though you know that something bad could happen as a result — брать на себя риск. You have no right to take risks with other people's lives. Take shape — assume a definite form — складываться, формироваться, вырисовываться. Plans for our vacation are beginning to take shape. Take a step — take some particular action — предпринять действие. Before signing the contract we should take the step of consulting our lawyers. Take the view (that) — have or be of the opinion that — придерживаться мнения. I take the view that we have reached a stalemate and should withdraw from the negotiations. 137

Talk out of — use argument or discussion to persuade someone not to do something — отговаривать. We had intended selling some company land in order to raise extra money, but our financial adviser talked us out of it. Talk round — persuade someone to change attitude — уговорить (кого-л.) изменить точку зрения. Can we stop talking round the problem and come to the point. Talk over — discuss or consider fully — обсудить (подробно); дискутировать. Your idea seems interesting — let’s talk it over. That is (to say) — in other words — то есть, другими словами, иначе говоря Our development policies are going nowhere fast: that is, they are forging ahead, but they aren’t breaking any new ground. Think ahead — make calculated future arrangements — продумывать заранее; планировать на будущее; загадывать. If we are going to stay ahead of our competitors we need to think ahead. Think out — plan or consider carefully — продумать до конца. The main purpose of this meeting is to think out our marketing strategy. Think over — ponder or consider — обдумывать, размышлять, продумывать, взвешивать, оценивать. Think over what I've said. Thrash out — solve or overcome a problem by frank discussion — тщательно обсуждать, прорабатывать. That’s all for today. At our next meeting, we’ll thrash out the matter of salary increases. Throw light on — clarify or supply additional information about — пролить свет на что-либо, прояснить ситуацию. 138

The investigation did not throw any light on the problem with food safety. Tie in/with — match; correspond with, fit — связываться, согласовываться. The new evidence didn't tie in. Time out — pause or interval during some activity — таймаут, короткий перерыв в работе, перерыв, передышка. We are coming up against problems testing the equipment. We need to take time out to check our methods. Tip of the iceberg — the small visible part of something, esp a problem or difficulty, that is much larger — «верхушка айсберга»; малая видимая часть какого-л. события, проблемы и т.п. The recent financial scandal on the stock market stands to be just the tip of the iceberg. To and fro — back and forth, here and there — туда и сюда, взад и вперед; из стороны в сторону, в разные стороны. Busses go to and fro between the center of the city and the city limits. Touch off — cause or bring about — вызвать (спор и т. п.) The invention of the petrol engine touched off a revolution in transport. Trigger off — cause or bring about — инициировать, привести в действие. He has triggered off all this uproar by his casual remark. Try out — test or use for a trial period — испытывать, подвергать испытанию, пробовать, экспериментировать. We should try out the new equipment on a limited scale before going into production. 1. Fill in the blanks 1) I can’t help you with the wording of the contract — why don’t you ____________ the legal department about it? 139

2) In view of the bad road conditions, drivers are advised ___________________ not to drive in excess of 50kph. 3) News of the police investigation into company affairs ___________ everyone ______________. 4) The defendant asked for a number of other offences to be ______________________________. 5) Changes in pricing police and flexibility of product design; these are two things we have to ______________________ above all. 6) You can depend on Kelly to take ___________________ ______________ of a tough situation. 7) We really don’t want to _________ any ______________. So, we decided to get a second opinion. 8) Taking risks also involves ____________________ if things go wrong. 9) The antibiotics at last began to __________________. 10) In making this offer, we __________ on behalf of our clients towards resolving the dispute. 11) These customers are again behind schedule with their loan repayments. We’ll have ___________ with them. 12) Company policy should be based on the interests of the company as a whole. This must take ________________ over the interests of managers and employees. 13) Some parents take _____________________________ ____with their children and let them do as they please. 14) If you_______________________, of course, you can regard staff training as an investment for the company. 15) We ought to hold out for our original asking price. — I _________________ but surely that depends whether the other side are able to pay it. 16) The views of a large body of shareholders mustn’t only ______________________________, they must also be taken account of. 140

17) A short-term decrease in interest rates is expected ______________________ — as a result of steps taken by the government. 18) He ___________________ her ___________ quitting University. 19) In our negotiations — if we don’t find a common ground, we’ll _______________________________ reaching a stalemate. 20) We watched the vase begin _______________________ ______ in the potter's hands. 21) It advises salesmen to _____________________ relucta nt customers over a cup of tea. 22) The town is ________________________ to improve se curity in public car parks. 23) As your lawyer I __________________________ that on balance you ought to compromise with the insurance company over your claim. 24) He will arrive three months from now, ______________ _____________________, on the 10th of May. 25) We can’t give a ‘yes’ or ‘no’ answer to these proposals until we’ve ___________________ them ____________ with our clients. 26) I've __________________________ and have made up my mind; I'm going to take the job. 27) The new year is a natural time to _________________ _____ and make plans for the future. 28) I didn't really have time to _______________________ _____ the problem of where everyone would sleep before the gue sts arrived. 29) They spent an afternoon on it, but _________________ ___________ a solution in the end. 30) As an economist, he was able to ____________ __________________ the problem. 141

31) We don’t see to be making much headway in our discussion. Why don’t we call for ___________________ half an hour and than try again. 32) How does that statement _____________________ with what you said yesterday? 33) Their remarks _______________________ him _____ and he started shouting at them. 34) The news article reported only the ____________ __________. Hidden is a serious situation for engineers in the United States and Great Britain. 35) Plans for a new homeless shelter __________________ ______ a storm of protest. 36) Money and titles may be tossed________________________, but not hearts. 37) __________________ your ideas by visualizing them in action. 2. Give the English for the Russian business idiom in brackets 1) We still have to discuss what to do with Sam. I hope we can (предпринять действия относительно) him today. 2) You need to (проработать) the final part first. 3) The company (учла) environmental issues wherever possible. 4) She was (застигнута в расплох) by his remark. 5) An insurance actuary must (сделать все возможное) be exact when calculating premiums. 6) We will (воспользуемся) the weather and have the party outdoors. 7) Management made a series of errors and must now (отвечать за последствия) of those errors in the shape of reduced benefits. 8) I'm not the type that (идет по пути наименьшего сопротивления). 142

9) We need to (придерживаться курса) on tobacco advertising. 10) The new law will not (вступит в силу) until January. 11) In the light of the company’s current difficulties, cost reduction must (занимать главное место) at least in the short term. 12) For this job we are looking for someone go-ahead attitude, someone who is prepared (проявить инициативу). 13) The company will (примет к сведению) an employee’s preference not to be sent abroad for family or other reasons. 14) In becoming a doctor like his father John had really just followed the (по пути наименьшего сопротивления). 15) If you (проявишь дальновидность), computer training for your staff is an investment in increased productivity. 16) In view of the urgency, discussions which had been delayed will now (иметь место) at once. 17) But I enjoy my popularity: I don't (понимаю) in being a recluse. 18) (Рискуя) we can discover our potential - what is possible! 19) At yesterday’s meeting the general (пришли к мнению), that the company’s offer with regard to redundancy pay fell short of legal requirements. 20) Our ideas are beginning (вырисовываться). 21) The company has begun to (принимать меры) to stop people from smoking in the main office building. 22) There are a few metters I’d like to (обговорить) with you. Let’s go to my office, if you don’t mind. 23) My family tried to (отговорить меня) becoming a musician, but I wouldn't change my mind. I was determined to have a career in music. 24) He is a difficult man to deal with. Once he has made his mind up there’s no (переубедить). 25) Our friends, (точнее) our son's friends, will meet us at the airport. 143

26) You must learn to (продумывать заранее) if you want to get ahead. 27) The meeting lasted all night, but by morning, the two sides (тщательно проработали) their differences and agreed on a new contract. 28) There is no easy solution it has to (продумано) carefully. 29) Let's (взвесить) his proposal before we see him again. 30) Thank you for (разъяснение) what is really a very complicated subject. 31) Our customer’s failure to pay their invoice on time (связана с) rumors that they were in financial difficulty. 32) She cradled a baby, rocking him (взад и вперед). 33) The problems that you see here now are just the (верхушка айсберга). There are numerous disasters waiting to happen. 34) The connection to your server (истекло). 35) The crisis was (вызван) by government's failed policies. 36) There was a dramatic fall in stock prices, and no one is sure what (спровоцировало это). 37) The idea seems good, but it must be (проверена на практике). 3. Paraphrase 1) Astonish or disconcert 2) Engage or deal with 3) Do what has to be done on someone or something 4) Consider particular facts, circumstances 5) Try to do 6) Make sure of doing something 7) Accept the (negative) results of some risky action 8) Become effective 9) Get free of something by taking the path of least resistance 10) Show a determined attitude 11) The easiest way; the way that takes least effort 144

12) Take first place 13) Be the first to make a move 14) Think about the effects that something will have in the future 15) Note, record or consider something which is indirectly connected 16) Understand a reason, argument or point of view, but not necessarily toagree with it 17) Happen, occur 18) Start to develop a more clear or certain form 19) Take chance, hazard, dare 20) Have or be of the opinion that 21) Take some particular action 22) Persuade to one's opinion 23) Persuade not to do something 24) Discuss or consider fully 25) Put differently 26) Consider in every aspect 27) Have thoughts about something that is to happen in the future 28) Discuss fully in order to come to a solution 29) Ponder or consider 30) Only the part of something that can be easily observed, b ut not the rest of it, which is hidden 31) Clarify something 32) Coordinate, match 33) A pose or interval during some activity 34) Again and again 35) Bring about, serious effect 36) Test 37) Start, set off 4. Underline the most suitable preposition in each of the expressions 1) Take account for/of 2) Take action on/at 3) Take the easy way of/out 145

4) Take note of/about 5) Thrash out of/out 6) Throw light on/in 7) Tie in with/to 8) Touch of/off 9) Trigger out/of 10) Try on/out 5. Translate from Russian into English 1) Он взялся за решение своих материальных проблем. 2) Результаты контрольной работы учитываются также как и экзамены. 3) Кэтлин была потрясена прямотой вопроса во время собеседования. 4) У нас есть еще время, чтобы дать ход его предложению. 5) Когда будете пользоваться этим прибором, для начала убедитесь, что будете пользоваться им согласно инструкции. 6) Пришло время взять жесткий курс на восстановление имиджа компании. 7) Задним умом мы понимали, что все проблемы компании возникли благодаря менеджерам, которые рисковали слишком часто. 8) Это была твоя собственная инициатива, и отвечай за последствия. 9) Погода была настолько скверной, что Мэри приняла решение пойти по пути наименьшего сопротивления и отменила встречу. 10) Новые правила дорожного движения вступили в силу в начале прошлого месяца. 11) Последние несколько лет инвестиционная программа компании в приоритете. 12) Все его считали неудачником, но в самые трудные времена он был единственным, кто взял инициативу на себя и повел компанию в нужном направлении. 146

13) Компания потерпела поражение из-за менеджеров, которые шли по линии наименьшего сопротивления столкнувшись с проблемами. 14) Собрание сотрудников проводится каждую вторую пятницу. 15) Инвесторы должны быть дальновидны, когда решают во что вложить деньги. 16) Обрати внимание на то, что говорит тебе менеджер, он знает стратегию компании очень хорошо. 17) Только к концу совещания начал вырисовываться стратегический план по расширению производства. 18) Не понимаю, почему мы все должны придерживаться одного взгляда. 19) Многие люди рискуют только ради адреналина. 20) Они предприняли все меры, чтобы сохранить информацию в секрете. 21) Мой сын пристрастился к кофе, не могу его отговорить от употребления такого количества. 22) Я всегда придерживался мнения, что только упорный труд и желание могут стать залогом успеха. 23) Они встретились, чтобы обговорить все детали и планы нового проекта. 24) Жена уговорила мужа купить ей новую машину на день рождения. 25) Я продумал все заранее и принес ланч с собой. 26) Иными словами, если мы уделяем внимание комуто, то мы автоматически сопереживаем им, сочувствуем. 27) Если необходимо принять важное решение — не жалейте времени на обдумывание мельчайших деталей. 28) Мы собрались, чтобы продумать все детали предстоящей встречи. 29) Только письмо пролило свет на таинственное исчезновение ценных бумаг. 147

30) Мне нужно обдумать это предложение перед тем, как я приму решение. 31) Я решил отдохнуть какое-то время. 32) Этот маркетинговый ролик никак не связан с ресторанами быстрого питания. 33) Я ходил взад и вперед по платформе и думал: уехать мне или нет? 34) Сокращение штата — это только вершина айсберга, все самые тяжелые времена еще впереди. 35) Попробуйте все 10 и выберете одно — наилучшее. 36) Разглашение данной информации спровоцирует публичный скандал. 37) В любом случае необходимо разобраться, что подтолкнуло служащих на увольнение.

U, V, W, Z are for ................................... Up to a point — partly, to some extent — постольку-поскольку, в известной мере, визвестной степени, в некотором смысле, в (чем-то), до определенного момента. Of course there is some truth in all this, but only up to a point. Value judgment — an assessment that reveals more about the values of the person making the assessment than about the reality of what is assessed — субъективная оценка. Social scientists have grown extremely unwilling to make value judgments about cultures. Vary from … to — fluctuate between certain given limits — отличаться, варьироваться от и до Average sales vary from heavy in winter to light in summer. Vicious circle — a situation in which an attempt to resolve one problem creates new problems that lead back to the original situation — порочный круг. Companies continuing to produce goods in a dying market are creating a vicious circle. With a view to — with the aim of doing something — с целью, с намерением, для того чтобы. The house was built with a view to individual comfort. Weigh up — make an assessment of (a person, situation, etc.); judge — оценить, составить мнение (о ком-л.), взвесить и решить. 149

We have carefully weighed up your proposals and regretfully must decline your offer. What if…? — suppose — что если. What if he won’t go of his own accord? What is more — in addition especially — вдобавок, (и) что еще важнее, (и) больше того, (и) к тому же. You haven't done your homework. And what is more you've left your room in a terrible mess. Wise after the event — realize after something has happened — задним умом крепок. The task of leadership is not to be wise after the event, but to know how to fight when the battle is on. Withdraw from — leave or move away from dangerous situation — отказываться. Unless agreement can be reached today, we will withdraw from the negotiations. With an eye to — with the aim — для того, чтобы с целью. We are opening an office downtown with a view to attract more clients. With hindsight — with the help of an understanding of events — оглядываясь на прошлое, оглядываясь назад. With hindsight it is now possible to see the mistakes we made. With regard to — concerning, in connection with — что касается, относительно. If you meet us halfway with regard to price then we can consider placing a bigger order. Without fail — definitely; with certainty — обязательно, непременно, наверняка, во что бы то ни стало. We can accept your offer on condition that you can guarantee seven-day delivery without fail. 150

Without prejudice — without dismissing or detracting from an existing right or claim — без ущерба для (кого-либо, чеголибо), не отказываясь от своего права (на что-л.), не умаляя значения. Three days later, she asked for a dismissal without prejudice, meaning that she can re-file at any time. Worth (doing) a try — rewarding, worthwhile, — стоящий. This seems a good idea — worth a try anyway. Zero in on — identify and concentrate on some target — прицеливаться, нацеливаться на. We need to come up with new products and zero in on new markets if we are to stay ahead of our competitors. 1. Fill in the blanks 1) The situation ___________________________ hour ________ hour. 2) The new traffic system worked _____________________ ______, but it had its problems. 3) This is a _________________ and I do not believe we can have objective answers to it. 4) Before buying _________________ the advantages and d isadvantages of each type. 5) He fell into _________________ of losing his job. 6) _______________, there's no sign of a change 7) _______________ we offered you a large company car and a profit share in lieu of a salary increase. 8) Two of our overseas representatives will have to _______________ in order to cut costs. 9) In retrospect, I suppose I should have realized the boy was in difficulty and offered to help, but it's easy to ______________ ___________________. 10) Parents are concerned about protecting their kids ____________________ stuff that is available on the Internet. 151

11) The situation was considered ___________________ its causes and its effect. 12) ________________________, I should have taken the job. 13) My son's teacher was able to ___________________ an d deal with his problems. 14) The plane leaves on time every day ________________ ______. 15) We had to make sure to conduct the hiring process ___________________, so we would be able to make decisions that did not have any bias to them. 16) If something is __________________, it is __________ _______________ well. 2. Give the English for the Russian business idiom in brackets 1) I can work weekends (до некоторого момента), but after a month or so I get tired of it. 2) (Субъективная оценка) which ought to be passed on the prophets is no clearer than the judgment of origin. 3) Many people get trapped in (замкнутый круг) of dieting and weight gain. 4) Conditions (меняются от) place (к) place. 5) We will try to persuade our Boss to change his mind, but (что если) he doesn’t see reason. 6) She was watching him closely as he spoke, (оценивая его). 7) Difficult and dangerous situations often produce experts, people who haven’t, in fact, taken part in these situations, but who are (крепок задним умом). 8) Computer chess games are getting cheaper all the time; (более того), their quality is improving. 9) If the bank (отменит) financial backing, we would have to find other means of financing our operations. 152

10) This is a very serious matter and we must get to the bottom of it (обязательно). 11) Even (оглядываясь в прошлое), I doubt I would change anything if I had my time again. 12) These measures have been taken (с целью) increasing the company's profits. 13) We have a few questions (относительно) your recent offer. 14) You must always make every decision (без ущерба) so that you are making the smartest decisions based on the facts. 15) Mary is very good about (нацеливаться на) the most important and helpful ideas. 16) Before we go ahead with the scheme it would (стоит) the documents checked over by the legal department. 3. Paraphrase 1) Fluctuate 2) Partly 3) Subjectivity 4) continuing unpleasant situation, created when one problem causes another problem that then makes the first problem worse 5) In addition 6) Reach a conclusion assessing information 7) Suppose 8) Realize, after something has happened 9) With the help of an understanding of events 10) Leave or move away 11) With the purpose 12) Concerning 13) Identify some target 14) This is 100% sure 15) Without dismissing or detracting from an existing right or claim 16) Rewarding, worthwhile 153

4. Underline the most suitable preposition in each of the expressions 1) In/Under the circumstances 2) Up to/on the point 3) With a view on/to 4) Weigh up/down 5) Wise after/on the event 6) With an eye on/to 7) From/with hindsight 8) With/on regard to 5. Translate from Russian into English 1) То, что два правительства согласились провести переговоры — хорошая новостью. Но только до определенного момента. 2) Не полагайтесь на субъективное мнение — только на факты. 3) Отношение студентов к программе меняется от положительного к негативному по мере изучения предмета. 4) Мы не можем принять скоропалительное решение по этому вопросу — нужно тщательно все взвесить. 5) Необходимо время и терпение, чтобы выбраться из замкнутого круга. 6) А что если клиент не успеет перевести деньги вовремя? 7) Мне пришлось выйти из ассоциации, потому что взносы стали очень высокими. 8) Безусловно, мы поможем Вам, более того мы будем Вас контролировать. 9) Легко махать кулаками после драки. Но, результата уже не изменить. 10) Все операции мы проводили за наличный расчет с целью ухода от налогов. 11) Относительно вашего инвестиционного предложения, мне кажется, что оно обдумано и мы не рискуем. 154

12) Анализируя прошлое, мы бы никогда не заключили такой контракт. 13) Пустое помещение может быть использовано в качестве временной танцевальной студии, не отказываясь от планов на будущее сделать из него офис. 14) Работники каждый день, без задержек, приходили в 9.00. 15) Если дело стоит делать, его стоит делать как следует. 16) Думаю, я нашел то, что вызывает эту проблему.

Revision test 1. Complete idioms and give translation 1) At cross … 2) In all shapes … 3) Back against … 4) Be beside … 5) By the same … 6) Get down to … 7) The exception … 8) The facts speak … 9) In the final … 10) Keep one’s options … 11) The line of … 12) On second… 13) Put the record … 14) Be taken … 15) Take the long … 16) The tip of … 17) Wise after … 18) Take into … 19) It’s as simple … 20) Meet someone half … 2. Choose the correct item 1) They’re close to making a deal, and we just hope they can _____________ without going to trial. a. Try out c. Thrash out b. Spark off d. Shed light on 156

2) Let me help __________ the contract ______ to everybody present. a. Make sense c. Make sure b. Make clear d. Mean business 3) Their arguments were valid a hundred years ago and they still __________ today. a. Hold true c. Hold good b. Hold water d. Hold out for 4) It’s hard to ______________ at formal events. a. Break through c. Break new ground b. Break off d. Break the ice 5) It’s difficult for a Boss to find any _______________ with the client. a. A dry run c. Common ground b. Bare outline d. Either way 6) As life proves, it is easy to be ______________________ and almost impossible before it. a. All or nothing c. short of b. Wise after the event d. Crystal clear 7) An ________________ analysis of the test results produced some surprising conclusions. a. In aggregate c. In depth b. In essence d. In future 8) We might _____________________ winning if we continue to play as well as we did today. a. Stand a chance c. Take the initiative b. Stay in touch d. Trigger off 9) He failed his exam again. He _______________ for his laziness. a. Pay dividends c. Put the blame on b. Loose face d. Pay the penalty 157

10) My friend is going to _____________________ while he finds out about working abroad. a. Keep options open c. Keep in the dark b. Keep an eye on d. Keep in touch with 11) The basic aim of the company is to settle current financial difficulties ____________________. a. In a word c. In the short term b. In turn d. In theory 12) We should do our best and get profit by all means simply to____________________. a. Make the point c. Take the point b. Prove the point d. Come to the point 13) When children grow up, it’s their duty to ______________ _________. a. Play ball c. Pay the price b. Pay dividends d. Pay one’s way 14) Entrepreneurs come _____________________ — the dynamic, the cautious and the greedy. a. In addition c. In all shapes and sizes b. In contrast d. In the course of 15) The problem was an _______________ of our faith in the new program. a. Vicious circle c. Snap decision b. Acid test d. Drawback 16) Fortunately we_______________ and these days we don’t suffer damages. a. Get to the first base c. Get in touch with b. Get across d. Get priorities right 17) It looks as if my predictions about the bankruptcy of the company are ___________________. 158

a. Hold out for b. Hold good

c. Hold water d. Hold true

18) It’s time we saved the situation; the negotiations have _____________________________. a. Reach deadlock c. Result in b. Reach a stalemate d. Reach first base 19) It’s a _________ that this person will never deceive me. a. Shortcut c. Safe bet b. Second opinion d. Hard facts 20) People who ______________________ of the actions can be relied on. a. Take risks c. Take the line b. Take note of d. Take the consequences

Keys to idioms A I 1) As a rule 2) According to 3) Arise from 4) At least 5) Aim at 6) Ahead of time 7) At the outset 8) All in all 9) Amount to 10) At will 11) Above all 12) Acid test 13) Aim of exercise 14) Account for 15) Agree to 16) All or nothing 17) All-important 18) Along these lines 19) Allow for 20) All systems go 21) Arrange for

22) 23) 24) 25) 26) 27) 28) 29) 30) 31) 32) 33) 34) 35) 36) 37) 38) 39) 40) 41)

160

And so on Argue against As such As far as it goes As long as As we have seen As to As usual As a whole As well as As yet At cross purposes At all At first sight At first At random At most At once At the outside Average out at

II 1) Agree with 2) All in all 3) At first sight (glance) 4) As long as 5) As far as it goes 6) At cross purposes 7) As we have seen 8) As well as 9) Argue against 10) All or nothing 11) Account for 12) Above all 13) According to 14) Acid test 15) All-important 16) Ahead of time 17) Aim at 18) Aim of exercise 19) Allow for 20) Amount to 21) All systems go

22) 23) 24) 25) 26) 27) 28) 29) 30) 31) 32) 33) 34) 35) 36) 37) 38) 39) 40) 41) 42)

Along these lines And so on Arise from Arrange for As such As far as it goes As a rule As to As usual At all As a whole As yet At most At first At least At once At the outset Average out at At the outside At random At will

11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20)

Above all Ahead of time Acid test Agree on All-in-all Aim at Aim of exercise All-important Amount to Allow for

III 1) At random 2) As usual 3) At the outset 4) All or nothing 5) At once 6) As yet 7) As well as 8) According to 9) At will 10) Account for

161

21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26) 27) 28) 29) 30) 31)

32) 33) 34) 35) 36) 37) 38) 39) 40) 41)

All systems go Along these lines Argue against And so on Arise from Arrange for As a rule As far as it goes As long as As to As such

As we have seen As a whole At all At cross purposes At first At first sight At most Average out at At least At the outside

5. 1) All in all 2) According to 3) Along these lines 4) All important 5) All systems go 6) Arise from 7) As such 8) As yet 9) At most 10) Aim at 11) Acid test 12) Above all 13) Account for 14) Ahead of time 15) Agree on 16) Amount to 17) Aim of exercise 18) All or nothing 19) Allow for 20) As a rule 21) And so on

22) Argue against 23) Arrange for 24) As to 25) As far as it goes 26) As long as 27)As well as 28) As usual 29) As we have seen 30) As a whole 31) At cross purposes 32) At all 33) At least 34) At first 35) At first sight 36) At the outside 37) At once 38) At the outset 39) Average out at 40) At random 41) At will 162

B I 1) By trial and error 2) By the same token 3) Beside the point 4) Bring about 5) Bare bones 6) Be in favor of 7) Better safe than sorry 8) Ball is in your court 9) Back and forth 10) Be short of 11) Back against the wall 12) Back down 13) Back out of 14) Base on 15) Be exact 16) Be in the dark

17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26) 27) 28) 29) 30) 31) 32)

Be out of touch Be in the picture Be in line with Be out of action Begin with Be up against Bear fruit Break down Behind time Bit by bit Break off Break the ice Break new ground Y By the way Break through By the same token

14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26)

Back down Be in the dark Be in favor of Be beside the point Be exact Be in touch with Be up against Be out of action Be short of Behind time Begin with Better to be safe than sorry Break down

II 1) By the way 2) Break the ice 3) Break off 4) Back out of 5) Bare outline 6) Be in line with 7) Be in the picture 8) Bit by bit 9) Base on 10) Bare fruit 11) Ball is in your court 12) Back against the wall 13) Back and forth

163

30) By trial and error 31) By the same token

27) Bring about 28) Break new ground 29) Break through III 1) Break through 2) Break new ground 3) Behind schedule 4) Bring about 5) By the same token 6) Breach off 7) Bit by bit 8) Back and forth 9) Back down 10) Bare outline 11) Back against the wall 12) Back down 13) Base on 14) Back out of 15) Ball is in your court 16) Be beside the point 17) Be in line with

18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26) 27) 28) 29) 30) 31) 32) 33)

Be exact Be in the dark Be in the picture Be in touch with Be short of Fail to function Be up against Bear fruit Begin with Better safe than sorry Break down Bring about Break the ice Brake off By the way By trial and error

11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20)

Back and forth Back against the wall Bare outline Back down Back out of Ball is in your court Base on Be against Be in touch Be out of action

5. 1) Break through 2) Break the ice 3) Break new ground 4) Better safe than sorry 5) By the way 6) By trial and error 7) Be in line with 8) Be in the picture 9) Be in the dark 10) Be beside the point

164

21) 22) 23) 24) 25)

Be up against Be short of Bear fruit Behind time Begin with

26) 27) 28) 29) 30)

Break down Bit by bit By the same token Break off Bring about

10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17)

Cut corners Change one’s mind Common sense Check over Come to the point Come up against Credibility gap Compete against

C I 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9)

Carry out Come up with Common ground Compromise with Consist of Cope with Crystal clear Cut corners Cut one’s losses II

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

9) Crystal clear 10) Come up against 11) Compete against 12) Change one’s mind 13) Come up with 14) Consist of 15) Сut corners 16) Cut losses

Common sense Compromise with Common ground Come to the point Carry out Check over Cope with Credibility gap III

1) 2) 3) 4)

Carry out Change one’s mind Come up against Common sense

5) 6) 7) 8) 165

Compete against Cope with Cut corners Cut losses

14) 15) 16) 17)

9) Cut corners 10) Crystal clear 11) Check over 12) Come to the point 13) Compromise with

Come up with Common ground Credibility gap Consist of

5. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

9) Common sense 10) Compromise with 11) Come to the point 12) Consist of 13) Come up against 14) Compete against 15) Credibility gap 16) Cut losses

Carry out Check over Come up with Common ground Cope with Crystal clear Cut corners Change one’s mind

D I 1) 2) 3) 4)

Dead end Do business with Do deal with Drawbacks

1) 2) 3) 4)

Dead end Do business with Do deal with Drawback

5) Draw up 6) Dry run 7) Dud II 5) Dry run 6) Draw up 7) Dud III

1) Do business with 2) Dead end

3) Do deal with 4) Draw up 166

5) Drawbacks 6) Dry run

7) Dud 5.

1) 2) 3) 4)

Do business with Do deal with Dead end Drawback

5) Draw up 6) Dud 7) Dry up

E I 1) Either way 2) End product 3) Every other

4) Exception to the rule 5) Exception proves the rule II 4) Exception proves the rule

1) End product 2) Either way 3) Every other

5) Exception to the rule III

1) Either way 2) Every other

3) End product 4) Exception to the rule 5.

1) End product 2) Either way

3) Every other 4) Exception to the rule

F I 1) Face up to

2) First and foremost 167

3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

Fact of the matter Facts speak for themselves First step First impression Forge ahead Focus on

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

Face up to Facts speak for themselves The fact of the matter First and foremost First impression Focus on First step

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

The fact of the matter Face up to First impression Facts speak for themselves First and foremost First step For sale

9) For sure 10) For sale 11) For and against 12) For the time being 13) For the most part II 8) For and against 9) For sale 10) For sure 11) Forge ahead 12) For the most part 13) For the time being III 8) Focus on 9) For and against 10) Forge ahead 11) For the most part 12) For sure 13) For the time being 5.

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

Facts speak for themselves First impression Face up to The fact of the matter First and foremost First step Focus on For sale

9) For and against 10) Forge ahead 11) For the mot part 12) For sure 13) For the time being

168

G I 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

Game plan Get down to business Get across Get to the bottom Get in touch with Get one’s priorities right Get to first base Give and take

9) Go along with 10) Give or take 11) Give rise to 12) Go ahead 13) Go for it 14) Go wrong 15) Go dead on 16) Great deal of II

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

Get across Get to the bottom Game plan Get to the first base Get down to business Give and take Get in touch with Get priorities right

9) Give or take 10) Go ahead 11) Give rise to 12) Go for it 13) Go along with 14) Go dead 15) Go wrong 16) A good/great deal of III

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

Get to the bottom Game plan Get across Get to the first base Get down to business Get in touch with Get priorities right Give and take

9) Give rise to 10) Give or take 11) Go ahead 12) Go along with 13) Go wrong 14) Go dead 15) Go for it 16) A good deal of 5.

1) Game plan

2) Get down to business 169

3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9)

10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16)

Get to the bottom Get across Get in touch with Give and take Get to the first base Get one’s priorities right Give or take

Go ahead Give rise to Go along with Go dead Go for it Good deal of Go wrong

H I 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

Hand in hand Hit and miss Hard facts Have an effect Have doubts

1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

Hard facts Hand in hand Have an effect Have doubts Hold true

6) 7) 8) 9)

Have an open mind Hold water Hold good Hold out for

6) 7) 8) 9)

Have open mind Hit and miss Hold water Hold out for

6) 7) 8) 9)

Have open mind Hit and miss Hold out for Hold water

II

III 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

Have doubts Hard facts Hand in hand Have effect Hold true 5.

1) Hand in hand 2) Have doubts

3) Hard facts 4) Have open mind 170

8) Hold water 9) Hold out for

5) Have impact 6) Hold true 7) Hit and miss

I I 1) In accordance with 2) In aggregate 3) In addition to 4) In all probability 5) In all 6) In any case 7) In all shapes and sizes 8) In brief 9) In the black 10) In case 11) In circumstances 12) In connection with 13) In conjunction 14) In the cause 15) In contrast to 16) In detail 17) In effect 18) In essence 19) In depth 20) In fact 21) In excess of 22) In full 23) In the final analysis 24) In the first place 25) In the last resort 26) In future

27) 28) 29) 30) 31) 32) 33) 34) 35) 36) 37) 38) 39) 40) 41) 42) 43) 44) 45) 46) 47) 48) 49) 50) 51) 52) 171

In general / in particular In the future In itself In lieu of In the light of In the long term In a nutshell In the long run In the meantime In order to In a moment In the nature of In other words In passing In place of In its own right In the red In reality In principle In the same way Insist on In the shape of In terms of In so far as In that case In respect

53) 54) 55) 56) 57) 58)

In touch with In practice In turn in vain In my view In view of

59) 60) 61) 62) 63) 64)

in a word ins and outs Iron out It remains to be seen It depends on As simple as that

27) 28) 29) 30) 31) 32) 33) 34) 35) 36) 37) 38) 39) 40) 41) 42) 43) 44) 45) 46) 47) 48) 49) 50) 51) 52)

In the last resort In the future In itself In the long run In lieu of In a new light In the meantime In the long term In my opinion In the nature of In a moment In other words In order to In passing In its own right In place of In principle In the red In reality In the same way In terms of In the shape of Insist on In so far as In so far In that case

II 1) In all 2) In accordance with 3) In addition to 4) In aggregate 5) In the black 6) In all shapes and sizes 7) In all probability 8) In any case 9) In case 10) In brief 11) In circumstances 12) In contrast 13) In conjunction 14) In connection 15) In the course 16) In effect 17) In detail 18) In depth 19) In excess of 20) In essence 21) In the final analysis 22) In the first place 23) In fact 24) In full 25) In general / in particular 26) In future

172

53) 54) 55) 56) 57) 58)

In touch with In practice In respect in vain In turn in view of

59) 60) 61) 62) 63)

In my view in a word Iron out ins and outs It depends on

27) 28) 29) 30) 31) 32) 33) 34) 35) 36) 37) 38) 39) 40) 41) 42) 43) 44) 45) 46) 47) 48) 49) 50) 51) 52)

In general In the last resort In itself In lieu of In the light of In the long term In a nutshell In the long run In the nature of In my opinion In a moment In order to In other words In place of In its own right In passing In reality In the red In principle In the shape of In the same way In so far as Insist on In terms of In theory In respect

III 1) In addition to 2) In aggregate 3) In accordance with 4) In all 5) In all probability 6) In the black 7) In all shapes and sizes 8) In any case 9) In case 10) In brief 11) In conjunction 12) In the circumstances 13) In contrast to 14) In connection 15) In the cause 16) In detail 17) In depth 18) In essence 19) In access of 20) In effect 21) In the final analysis 22) In fact 23) In the first place 24) In the future 25) In full 26) In future

173

53) 54) 55) 56) 57) 58)

In that case In touch with In turn in vain in my view in view of

59) 60) 61) 62) 63)

Ins and outs in a word It depends on Iron out It remains to be seen

27) 28) 29) 30) 31) 32) 33) 34) 35) 36) 37) 38) 39) 40) 41) 42) 43) 44) 45) 46) 47) 48) 49) 50) 51) 52)

In general In the last resort In lieu of In itself In the light of In the long term In the long run In the nature of In the meantime In a moment In my opinion In other words In order to In passing In its own right In place of In reality In the red In principle H Insist on In the shape of In that case In respect In theory …… in practice In touch with

5. 1) In addition to 2) In all probability 3) In accordance with 4) In aggregate 5) In all 6) In any case 7) In brief 8) In the black 9) In all shapes and sizes 10) In case 11) In connection with 12) In conjunction 13) In the circumstances 14) In the course 15) In contrast 16) In essence 17) In detail 18) In effect 19) In depth 20) In the final analysis 21) In fact 22) In excess of 23) In the first place 24) In full 25) In the future 26) In future

174

53) 54) 55) 56) 57)

In turn in view of In vain In my view ins and outs

58) 59) 60) 61) 62)

In a word Iron out It depends on It remains to be seen It’s as simple as that

K, L 1. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

Keep an eye on Keep in touch keep in the dark Keep in the picture Keep options open Last, but not least Line of least resistance Lay it on the line

9) Leave open 10) Long shot 11) The long and short of it 12) Look forward to 13) Lose money 14) Lose face 15)Look into 16) Lose touch with 2.

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

Keep an eye on Keep in the dark Keep in the picture Keep in touch Keep options open Lay it on the line Last, but not least Line of least resistance

1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

Keep in the picture Keep an eye on keep in the dark Keep in touch Keep options open

9) long shot 10) The long and short of it 11) Leave open 12) Look forward to 13) Look into 14) Lose touch with 15) Lose face 16) Lose money 3. 6) Line of least resistance 7) Lay it on the line 8) Last, but not least 9) Look forward to 10) Leave open 175

11) The long and short of it 12) long shot 13) Lose face

14) Look into 15) Lose money 16) Lose touch with 5. 9) Leave open 10) long shot 11) The long and short of it 12) Look forward to 13) Look into 14) lose face 15) Lose money 16) Lose touch with

1)Keep in the picture 2) Keep an eye on 3) Keep in the dark 4) Keep options open 5) Keep in touch 6) Last, but not least. 7) Lay it on the line 8) Line of least resistance

M, N 1. 1) Make or break 2) Make a deal with 3) Make certain 4) Make clear 5) Make do with 6) Make a point 7) Make headway 8) Make a loss 9) Make money 10) Make progress 11) Make a profit 12) make up one’s mind 13) Make sense

14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26)

Matter of opinion Make work Matter of fact Matter of something Mean business Nine times out of ten Means to an end Meet halfway More or less Moment of truth No exception Nothing to do No problem

2. 1) Make or break 2) Make certain

3) Make clear 4) Make headway 176

5) Make a deal with 6) Make do with 7) Make money 8) Make a loss 9) Make a point 10) Make a profit 11) Make progress 12) Make sense 13) Matter of something 14) Make up one’s mind 15) Make work

16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26)

Matter of fact Mater of opinion Meet halfway Means business Means to an end A moment of truth More or less Nine times out of ten No problem No exception Nothing to do

14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26)

Make up one’s mind Make work Matter of something Matter of opinion Mean business Moment of truth Meet halfway Means to an end More or less No problem Nine times out of ten No exception Nothing to do

3. 1) Make certain 2) Make or break 3) Make do with 4) Make clear 5) Make a deal with 6) Make a loss 7) Make headway 8) Make a point 9) Make money 10) Make progress 11) Make a profit 12) Make sense 13) Matter of fact 5. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

Make clear Make or break Make certain Make a deal with Make a loss Make do with

7) Make headway 8) Make money 9) Make profit 10) Make a point 11) Make up one’s mind 12) Make progress 177

13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19)

Make sense Make work Matter of fact Matter of something Means to an end Matter of opinion Mean business

20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26)

Meet halfway Moment of truth No exception More or less Nine times out of ten Nothing to do No problem

15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26) 27) 28)

On the one hand On reflection On sale On the surface On a large scale On second thoughts On these lines On these terms On time Other things being equal On the whole One way or another Out of the question Or so

O 1. 1) Object of the exercise 2) Off the record 3) On balance 4) of its own accord 5) On average 6) On the blink 7) On the basis of 8) On behalf of 9) On condition that 10) On the contrary 11) On paper 12) On the face of it 13) On the ground of 14) On purpose 2. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

Off the record the object of the exercise of its own accord On average On balance On the basis of On condition that

8) On behalf of 9) On the blink 10) On the face of it 11) On the contrary 12) On the ground of 13) On the one hand 14) On paper 178

15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21)

On purpose On a large scale On reflection On sale On the surface On second thoughts On these terms

22) 23) 24) 25) 26) 27) 28)

On these lines On the whole On time Or so One way or another Out of the question Other things being equal

15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26) 27) 28)

On paper On purpose On second thoughts On sale On a large scale On the surface On (these) lines On time On (these) terms On the whole One way or another Out of the question Or so Other things being equal

10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18)

On the contrary On the face of it On the ground of On purpose On the one hand On paper On reflection On sale On a large scale

3. 1) Object of the exercise 2) On average 3) Off the record 4) Spontaneously 5) On the basis of 6) On balance 7) On behalf of 8) On the blink 9) On the face of it 10) On condition that 11) On the contrary 12) On the one hand 13) On the ground of 14) On reflection 5. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9)

Of its own accord Object of the exercise Off the record On balance On average On the basis of On behalf of On the blink On condition that

179

19) On second thoughts 20) On (these) terms 21) On the surface 22) On (these) lines 23)One way or another

24) 25) 26) 27) 28)

On time On the whole Out of the question Or so Other things being equal

11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20)

Pull off Point out Point of the exercise Put the blame Put together Put pressure on Put in the picture Put it A question of put the record straight

11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20)

Point of the exercise Pull of Pros and cons Put pressure on Put the blame Put in the picture A question of Put it put the record straight Put together

P 1. 1) Pass the buck 2) Pay penalty 3) Path of least resistance 4) Pave the way 5) Pay dividends 6) Play ball 7) Pay way 8) Plan ahead 9) Pros and cons 10) Prove the case 2. 1) Path of least resistance 2) Pass the buck 3) Pave the way 4) pay way 5) Pay dividends 6) Pay penalty 7) Plan ahead 8) Point out 9) Prove the case 10) Play ball 3. 1) Pass the buck

2) Pave the way 180

3) Path of least resistance 4) Plan ahead 5) Pay dividends 6) Pay penalty 7) Pay way 8) Prove the case 9) Play ball 10) Point of the exercise 11) Pros and cons

12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20)

Point out Put it Pull off Put the blame Put in the picture A question of Put pressure on put the record straight Put together

11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20)

Point of the exercise Point out Pull off put the record straight Put it Put the blame on Keep in the picture Put together Put pressure on A question of

5. 1) Path of least resistance 2) Pass the buck 3) Pay dividends 4) Pave the way 5) Pay penalty 6) Prove the case 7) Plan ahead 8) Pay way 9) Play ball 10) Pros and cons

R 1. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

6) Rule out 7) Result in 8) Right away 9) Run risks 10) Run up against

Range from …… to Result from Reach a deadlock Refer to Rely on 2.

1) Refer to 2) Range from ……to

3) Reach a deadlock 4) Result in 181

5) Result from 6) Rely on 7) Run up against

8) Rule out 9) Right away 10) Run risks 3.

1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

Reach a deadlock Range from ……to Refer to Right away Rely on

6) Result from 7) Result in 8)Run risks 9) Rule out 10) Run up against 5.

1) 2) 3) 4) 5)

Range from …… to Reach a deadlock Rely on Refer to Result from

6) Result in 7) Rule out 8) Right away 9) Run up against 10) Run risks

S 1. 1) Safe bet 2) Second opinion 3) Save the day 4) Save face 5) See eye to eye 6) See reason 7) See the light 8) Set up 9) Set the record straight 10) Shift responsibility 11) Settle differences 12) Shed light on 13) Short cut

14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26) 182

Sleep on it Soften up Smooth out Snap decision So far So long as Spell it out Soft option Spark off Spotlight Split hairs Stand out for Stand chance of

27) 28) 29) 30)

Start with Stand to Step forward Stay in touch with

31) 32) 33) 34)

Stem from Straighten out Stick out for Straight away

18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26) 27) 28) 29) 30) 31) 32) 33) 34)

So long as Soften up Soft option Spark off Split hairs Spell it out Stand out for Spotlight stand a chance of Stand to Start with Stem from Stay in touch Step forward Stick out for Straight away Straighten out

10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18)

Settle difference Shed light on Sleep on it Shift the blame Short cut Smooth out So long as Snap decision So far

2. 1) Save the day 2) Save face 3) Safe bet 4) See eye to eye 5) Second opinion 6) See the light 7) See reason 8) Set the record straight 9) Set up 10) Shed light on 11) Shift responsibility 12) Settle differences 13) Short cut 14) Smooth out 15) Sleep on it 16) Snap decision 17) So far 3. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9)

Second opinion Safe bet Save the day Save face See eye to eye with See reason See the light Set up Set the record straight

183

19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26)

Spark off Soften up Soft option Speak clearly Spotlight Split hairs stand a chance of Stand to

27) 28) 29) 30) 31) 32) 33) 34)

Stand out for Stay in touch Start with Stem from Stick out for Step forward Straighten out Straight away

17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26) 27) 28) 29) 30) 31) 32)

So long as So far Soft option Soften up Split hairs Spell out Spark off Stand chance of Stay in touch Stand out for Start with Stem from Step forward Stick out for Straight away Straighten out

5. 1) Safe bet 2) Save the day 3) Second opinion 4) Save face 5) See the light 6) See eye to eye with 7) Set the record straight 8) See reason 9) Set up 10) Short cut 11) Settle difference 12) Shed light on 13) Shift the blame 14) Sleep on it 15) Snap decision 16) Smooth out

T 1. 1) 2) 3) 4)

Tackle Take care to Take aback Take account of

5) 6) 7) 8) 184

Take action on Take the easy way out Take a chance Take consequences

9) Take effect 10) Take the initiative 11) Take a firm stand/line 12) Take first place 13) Take the line/path of least resistance 14) Take the long view 15) Take the point 16) Take note of 17) Take place 18) Talk out of 19) Take risks 20) Take shape 21) Talk round 22) Take steps 23) Take the view that

24) 25) 26) 27) 28) 29) 30) 31) 32) 33) 34) 35) 36) 37)

That is to say Talk over Think over Think ahead Think out Thrash out Throw light on Time out Tie in (with) Trigger off Tip of the iceberg Touch off To and fro Try out

16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26) 27) 28) 29) 30) 31)

Take place Take the point Taking risks Take the view that Take shape Take steps Talk over Talk out of Talk round That is to say Think ahead Thrash out Think out Think over Throw light on Tie in (with)

2. 1) Take action on 2) Tackle 3) Take account of 4) Take aback 5) Take care to 6) Take a chance 7) Take consequences 8) Take the easy way out 9) Take a firm stand/line 10) Take effect 11) Take first place 12) Take initiative 13) Take note of 14) Take the line/path of least resistance 15) Take the long view

185

35) Trigger off 36) Touch off 37) Try out

32) To and fro 33) Tip of the iceberg 34) Time out 3.

19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26) 27) 28) 29) 30) 31) 32) 33) 34) 35) 36) 37)

1) Take aback 2) Tackle 3) Take action on 4) Take account of 5) Take a chance 6) Take care to 7) Take consequences 8) Take effect 9) Take the easy way out 10) Take a firm stand/line 11) Take the line/path of least resistance 12) Take first place 13) Take initiative 14) Take the long view 15) Take note of 16) Take the point 17) Take place 18) Take shape

Take risks Take the view that Take steps Talk round Talk out of Talk over That is to say Think out Think ahead Thrash out Think over Tip of the iceberg Throw light on Tie in (with) Time out To and fro Touch off Try out Trigger off

5. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

Tackle Take account of Take aback Take action on Take care to Take a firm stand/line Take a chance Take consequences

9) Take the easy way out 10) Take effect 11) Take first place 12) Take initiative 13) Take the line/path of least resistance 14) Take place 15) Take the long view 186

16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 21) 22) 23) 24) 25) 26)

27) 28) 29) 30) 31) 32) 33) 34) 35) 36) 37)

Take note of Take shape Take the point Take risks Take steps Talk out of Take the view that Talk over Talk round Think over That is to say

Thrash out Think out Throw light on Think over Time out Tie in (with) To and fro Tip of the iceberg Try out Touch off Trigger off

U, V, W, Z 1. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

9) Wise after the event 10) With regard to 11) With a view/eye to 12) With hindsight 13) Zero in on 14) Without fail 15) Without prejudice to 16) Worth doing

Vary from … to Up to a point Value judgment Weigh up Vicious circle What is more What if Withdraw from 2.

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

Up to a point Value judgment Vicious circle Vary from … to What if Weigh up Wise after the event What is more

9) Withdraw from 10) Without fail 11) With hindsight 12) With a view to 13) With regard to 14) Without prejudice to 15) Zero in on 16) Worth doing 187

3. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

Vary from … to Up to a point Value judgement Vicious circle What is more Weigh up What if Wise after the event

9) With hindsight 10) Withdraw from 11) With a view to 12) With regard to 13) Zero in on 14) Without fail 15) Without prejudice to 16) Worth doing 5.

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)

Up to a point Value judgement Vary from … to Weigh up Vicious circle What if Withdraw from What is more

9) Wise after the event 10) With a view to 11) With regard to 12) With hindsight 13) Without prejudice to 14) Without fail 15) Worth doing 16) Zero in on

Revision test 1. 11) The line of least resistance 12) On second thoughts 13) Put the record straight 14) Be taken aback 15) Take the long view 16) The tip of the iceberg 17) Wise after the event 18) Take into account/consideration 19) It’s as simple as that 20) Meet someone half way

1) At cross purposes 2) In all shapes and sizes 3) Back against the wall 4) Be beside the point 5) By the same token 6) Get down to business 7) The exception proves the rule 8) The facts speak for themselves 9) In the final analysis 10) Keep one’s options open 2. 1) On reflection 2) One way or the other 3) Play ball 4) Have an open mind 5) Ahead of time 6) Break the ice 7) Dead end 8) Hold water 9) The tip of the iceberg 10) Shift the responsibility

11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20) 189

Be in the dark Save face Break through Change one’s mind At will Better safe than sorry Give and take Iron out Safe bet In touch with

3. 1) c. Thrash out 2) b. Make clear 3) a. Hold true 4) d. Break the ice 5) c. Common ground 6) b. Wise after the event 7) c. In depth 8) a. Stand a chance 9) d. Pay the penalty 10) a. Keep options open

11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) 17) 18) 19) 20)

c. In the short term b. Prove the point d. Pay one’s way c. In all shapes and sizes b. Acid test d. Get priorities right b. Hold good a. Reach deadlock c. Safe bet d. Take the consequences

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Content Introduction ......................................................................................... 3 А is for ................................................................................................. 4 B is for ................................................................................................19 C is for ................................................................................................31 D is for ...............................................................................................38 E is for ................................................................................................41 F is for ................................................................................................44 G is for ..............................................................................................50 H is for ..............................................................................................57 I is for ................................................................................................61 K and L are for ...................................................................................85 M and N are for ..................................................................................92 O is for ..............................................................................................101 P and Q are for .................................................................................111 R is for ..............................................................................................119 S is for ..............................................................................................123 T is for ..............................................................................................135 U, V, W, Z are for .............................................................................149 Revision test ......................................................................................156 Keys to idioms ...................................................................................160 Revision test ......................................................................................189

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