SERUM MAGNESIUM LEVELS IN THE NEWBORN

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SERUM

MAGNESIUM

LEVELS

Constantine Department

K

of

of

NOWLEDGE

behind largely

to

in

the

in

may

literature.

found

also

suction

on Low

serum

been

found

lirium

levels with

In renal

magnesium

levels

may

either

de-

depressed,

hypermagnesemia

A study

and the

be

artificially

CASE

and

with

disease

infants

serum

elevated being

cated four

or found

pregnancies of the infants

received

evaporated

Milk

feedings

were

and

supplemental

motion reaction

stimulation.

mental

lucidity

neuromuscular is known

ficient animal. Similarities magnesium ions and

exist

for

in

several

in

(Submitted

Supported ice, Bethesda, ADDRESS:

and

bone body.

reported Sept.

1983:

by research Maryland. Department

of

accepted

grant of

The

Pediatrics,

in-

evidence

are

publication

collected

during finger in

from the and adults

tubes.

In

all

cases

disease,

or convulsive

blood

the

from first

the

5 days

tips of the older Hinton capillary was

collected

Public

Health

in

3, 1964.)

National

Institutes

Columbia,

of Health,

Serv-

Missouri. PEDIATRICS,

969

or

OF STUDY were

and

Hospital,

per-

normal

metabolic

infants

of life children

February

the

to

studied.

hospital either

problems,

of blood

of the

also

normal were

ranged

2 months

were

of

electrolyte

Samples heel

infants

ages

of

were

hospital for elective surgical no instance was there any

METHOD

calcium

University

or

all

24 hours

vitamins

adults

children

to the In

history

in infu-

from

D, 24 oz of Karo syrup).

after

children, 47

Thirtyand 38

oz of evapo-

Vit. of

started

were

The

fluid and disorders.

reservoir

for

adults

admitted procedures.

and

(AM-01351)

older and

sonnel.

there

serum

no

Sixty-six

serum Both are gastroin-

chief

Although

newborn

( 13

with 400 U. 3 tablespoons

16 years,

divalent level of

an increase Phosphate

is the

studies 13,

calcium

Both are the serum

in decreased magnesium.1 from the

the

from

with convulsions magnesium-dc-

associated with irritability.

tract

each

the

milk and

offered. Birth weights of the from 2,500 gm to 4,250 gm.

Increased

between

sion in dogs results levels of calcium and incompletely absorbed testinal

varies

semi-coma.

metabolism. a decrease

either is neuromuscular

convulsions,

status

to

irritability occur in

to

rated

of the extremities, and to mechanical and auditory

The

complete

children values in

deliveries. breast fed

milk

age

athetoid marked

fed

and were

ated

generalized

older the

was made of 72 normal, full-term were the products of uncompli-

who

water,

tetany,

to:

MATERIAL

in the presence of significantly depressed glomerular filtration rates. In some patients low levels of magnesium have been associwith

out

normal values in this age the values found in new-

(

and

pur-

of serum magnesium period in an effort

with those of and 3) compare

breast-fed

The to carry

have

hyper-

alcoholism

infants adults;

group. was

fants.

hyperaldosteronism,

acidosis.

establish the group; (2) compare

being

age study

determinations in the newborn

born and

Mlssouri

infant, there are very serum magnesium

in this present

( 1)

parenteral

magnesium

tremens,

diabetic

are

Columbia,

newborn concerning

of the

serial levels

patients

who

in patients

hypoparathvroidism,

of

in states fluids such

magnesium-free

Medicine,

in the data

pose

mag-

in postoperative

nasogastric

maintained

serum

observed of body

of

concentrations

metabolism

NEWBORN

M.D.

School

levels limited

methodology.

Low

have been with loss

be

fluids.

lagged

electrolytes

in magnesium

recent

with

difficulties

Missouri

by the increasing number the subject that have appeared

nesium levels of malnutrition as

other

S. Anast,

of

has

of

interest

is indicated articles on

University

magnesium

that

due

However,

Pedkitrics,

1N THE

June

1964

SERUM

970 TABLE SERUM

One

I

MAGNESIUM

LEVELS

DetermiNewborn

nations

Range

(mg/100

(no.)

limitation

is the

variation

same

sample

of the Titan yellow method that may be found when the is analyzed

Therefore,

Mean+S.D.

.

Infants

MAGNESIUM

in order

on

ples more accurately all given infant were analyzed

ml)

I

56

1 .94 ±

.

26

1.40-2.90

Day 2 DayS Day4 Day 5

56

1 .87 ±

.

27

1.36-2.90

in the same run. were one or two

55

1.95±.24

1.41-2.59

older

children

and

49

1.91±27

1.36-2.62

more

accurate

comparison

22

2 .01 ±

Day

238

Total5days

Cordblood

.

28

1 .49-2.73

with

In false

1.43-2.45

1.89±26

41

sera

1.36-2.90

1.92±27

that

1.20-2.58

1.96±24

111

morning

midway

between

feedings

This

control

magnesium

were

any

of the

subjects

or any

other

and

receiving

calcium

medication.

RESULTS

days

of

range value,

of 1.36 to 2.90 mg/100 the standard deviation,

In

41

a modification of

of the

Orange

sists

of

droxide

and the

presence alcohol.

the

of the The lake

tensity

of which

metrically. termine

results

agent

method

was

magnesium

the

same

color,

on

five

in-

spectrophotomodified

to de0.2

in

was tested of samples

different

days.

The values found ranged from mg/100 ml with a mean of 1.70

1.60 to 1.88 and an aver-

age

0.07

mg/100 further

deviation

of plus

or minus

The

validity

terminations

recovery

the

method

was

out

recovery

studies.

were

sera to which nesium ranging were added. analyses

of

by carrying

performed

on

0.2

±

3.4%

showing

this

ml

of

that

of 238 levels

was

group

1.92

determinations during the

mg/100

as well

as for

of 5

first

ml

with

ml. The and the

a

mean range

41 cord

and for 111 older children and listed in Table I. No statistically

bloods

adults are significant

difference was found among the mean values of the three groups. Neither was any difference

found

trol group was broken groups of less than one

when

the

con-

down by age to year, 1 to 16 years

and

16 to 35 years. The values determined for each of the first 5 days of life also are listed in Table I. Differences in mean values between any of the days were not statistically significant nor were when the

any significant values of each

with

mean

related

Dc-

varying quantities of magfrom 50 to 300 micrograms The average recovery in 10

was 100.64 is complete.

life

the

value

adults or the No differences

ml. tested

mean value magnesium

significant

the

concentrations

serum

the

polyvinyl

ml of serum. The precision of the method by making a total of 20 analyses of

in

hydroxide-Titan a pink

in

is measured

The

hy-

yellow

dispersing

for

con-

magnesium

Titan

magnesium

yellow

by

method

reaction

of

dye

cord

done

yellow

The

combining

with

were

Titan

Rhine.2

cases,

in newcalcium study

of

determinations.

strikingly

intravenous in the present

The serum

238

found levels

the serum samples were stored in a freezer. In most cases, a minimum of three samples from each infant was analyzed, for a total blood was also examined. Magnesium determinations

for

newborn

group.

we

receiving In no case

run from

allowed

of the

low

gluconate the

the

sam-

with each obtained

adults.

study

born infants gluconate.

Adults and older children

Included samples

of

days.

serial

of the sera from a on the same day

a previous serum

different

to compare

the

to

feeding

the

birth

weight,

the

magnesium

II

tabulated

according

(breast

age of the 5-day mean

infant for

listed.

mean

The

of older

children

and

mean value of the cord bloods. were found that could be

infant. In Table

been

differences found day were compared

sex,

levels to

or evaporated in days. In each feeding serum

or race

have

the

type

milk)

and

addition schedule

magnesium

of

of the the is

levels

ARTICLES TABLE SERUM

MAGNESIUM

Day

1

LEVELS

Day

II

(mg/100

2

Day

971

ml)

ACCORDING

3

TO

Day

TYPE

FEEDING

4

Day

5

Total

milk

Evaporated

Mean±S.D

1.96±26

1.87±2.5

1.88±25

1.85±24

1.95±23

1.89±25

Range

1.62-2.90

1.36-2.32

1.41-2.51

1.36-2.32

1.49-2.27

1.36-2.90

Number Breast

(27)

(32)

(29)

(30)

(13)

(131)

milk

Mean±S.D.

1.92±26

1.88±31

2.03±21

2.01±27

2.11±34

1.97±.28

Range

1.40-2.59

1.44-2.90

1.67-2.59

1.56-2.62

1.72-2.73

1.40-2.90

Number pvalue

of

the

fed

(29)

(24)

(26)

(19)