Selected Writings: Volume V On Verse, Its Masters and Explorers 9783110803068, 9789027976864

Table of contents :
A. ON VERSE
О чешском стихе — преимущественно в сопоставлении с русским
On the Translation of Verse
Болгарский пятистопный ямб — в сопоставлении с русским
Metrics
Axioms of a Versification System — Exemplified by the Mordvinian Folksong
Russian Binary Meters
К лингвистическому анализу русской рифмы
On the Role of Word Pitch in Norwegian Verse
On the So-called Vowel Alliteration in Germanic Verse (with an Appendix by Sigrid Valfells)
Об односложных словах в русском стихе
The Modular Design of Chinese Regulated Verse
B. ITS MASTERS
Notes préliminaires sur les voies de la poésie russe
The Statue in Puškin's Poetic Mythology
Marginal Notes on Puškin's Lyric Poetry
Marginal Notes on Eugene Onegin
On Puškin's Responses to Folk Poetry
Новейшая русская поэзия: Подступы к Хлебникову
О поколении, растратившем своих поэтов
К поздней лирике Маяковского
Достоевский в отголосках Маяковского
The Drum Lines in Majakovskij's “150000000”
Randbemerkungen zur Prosa des Dichters Pasternak
Toward a Description of Mácha's Verse
Строка Махи о зове горлицы
Uwaga - Poemat Máchy na polskim tle
Poznámky k dílu Erbenovu
C. AND EXPLORERS
Vers une science de l'art poétique
Boris Viktorovič Tomaševskij
Борис Михайлович Эйхенбаум
Osip Maksimovič Brik
Юрий Тынянов в Праге
Retrospect
List of Illustrations
Index of Names
Index of Languages
Index of Subjects

Citation preview

ROMAN JAKOBSON SELECTED WRITINGS V

On Verse, Its Masters and Explorers Prepared for publication by Stephen Rudy and Martha Taylor

1979 MOUTON PUBLISHERS THE HAGUE · PARIS · NEW YORK

COPYRIGHT R E S E R V E D

No part of this book may be translated or reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission.

ISBN 9027976864

PRINTED IN THE N E T H E R L A N D S

IN MEMORIAM OF GEORGI C'ERETELI MAN, FIGHTER, EXPLORER

CONTENTS

A. ON VERSE

Ο HemcKQM CTKxe — npeiiMymecTBeHHO B conocTaBJieHHH c pyccKHM ........... . e, 3. - I. OCHOBtl npOCOflHH BOO IHC HTOIDCKOB "iaCTHOCTH,

12. — Π. riepecMOTp yieimfl τβορβτιικοΒ yiiapHoro CTiixocyiosceiotH ο leiiiCKOM yaapeiiHH H KO/IHICCTBC, 50. -— III. Β ΐβΜ KpotOTca ηρκικκω tiooeMt! yAapeHtta B HemcKOM CTHXOC^OSCCHHH?, 104. — Afterword of 1926, 122.

On the Translation of Verse

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......

131

BoJirapCKHH Π3ΤΗΟΤΟΠΗΒΙΗ flM — B COnOCTaBJieHEH C pyCCKKM ,

135

Metrics ............. 147 (with J. Lotz) Axioms of a Versification System — Exemplified by the Mordvinian Folksong ........ 160 Russian Binary Meters ...... . . . . 167 K jnmrBHCTHHecKOMy anajinay pyccicoH ρπφΜΐ>ι . . . . 170 (with A. Sommerfell) On the Role of Word Pitch in Norwegian Verse ......... . . . . 178 On the So-called Vowel Alliteration in Germanic Verse (with an Appendix b y Sigrid Valfells) . . . . ..... 189 O6 oflHocjioacHbix cjioeax B pyccKOM CTHXC ..... 201 The Modular Design of Chinese Regulated Verse . . . . 215 B. ITS MASTERS

Notes priliminaires sur les voies de la podsie msse . T h e Statue i n Puskin's Poetic Mythology . . . . Marginal Notes on Puskin's Lyric Poetry ..... Marginal Notes on Eugene Onegin . ..... On Puskin's Responses to Folk Poetry ......

. .

. 227 . 237 281 287 294

VIII

CONTENTS

Hosefimaa pyccKaH no33iw : noflcrynti κ XjieGnnKOsy O nOKOJICHHH, paCTpaTHBIUCM CBOHX Π03ΤΟΒ

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K Π03ΛΗ6Η JIHpHKe MaHKOBCKOFO

355

.......

/JocToeBCKHH B OTfOJiocKax MaaicoBCKoro ..... T h e Drum Lines i n Majakovskij's "150000000" . . Randbemerkungen zur Prosa des Dichters Pasternak . Toward a Description of Macha's Verse . .....

299 382

. .

. .

406 413 416 433

I. The Meters of Ma}, 433. — II. The Beginning of Lines, 433. — III. A Linguistic Model of the Trochaic and Iambic Foot, 438. — IV. The Relation Between Stressed and Unstressed Syllables in the Line, 444. — V. The Distribution of Word Stresses in the Verses ofMaj, 448. — VI. The Semantic Function of Macha's Meters, 464.

Crpoica MaxH o soee ropnHUbi . . . Uwaga - Poemat M chy na polskim tie Poznamky k dilu Erbenovu

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. ......

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.........

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486 505 510

I. O mytu, 510. — H. O ver i, 525. C. AND EXPLORERS

Vers une science de Tart poitique ....... Boris Viktorovic Tomasevskij ..... . 1 Bopac MnxafijiOBH ! SMxenoayM ....... Osip Maksimovic Brik .......... TMHSHOB B pare ..... . . Retrospect List of Illustrations Index of Names Index of Languages Index of Subjects

............ .......... ........... .......... ...........

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541 . 545 549 557 . 560 569 603 605 615 6J7

A ON V E R S E

O HEUICKOM CTHXE nPEHMVIIiECTBEHHO Β COHOCTABJIEHMH C PVCCKHM

UPEflHCJIOBHE

Pyccicas nHcaxeJifcHMiia, κοτοροϋ Hejib3ii oTKaaaxt HH B npexpacHOM 3KaHHH HeillCKOrO H3bIKa Η ΠΟ33ΗΗ, HH Β ΓθρΗιΙ€Η JIIO BH K HCIIICKOH

jnrrepaType, rosopioia MHC, HTO MemcKHH CTHX ΛΛΗ nee 3CTeTHHecKH ne cymecTByeT, yeiucKiie CTHXH HanoMHHaiOT eft aeynaHHe τρειιιοτκκ, 3τοτ OT3HB He 6ΛΗΗΗΗ£Η. HeiliCKKH CTHX FJiy OKO MyiK

pyCCKIIM ρΐΙΤΜΗ-

lecKHM HaBHKaM. 3xa npHHD,HnHajibHaa painima TaK pesKa, HTO OHa no3BOJiHT MHe, Hafleiocb, HsSeJKaTb onacHOCTH, κοτοροκ noflsepraerca Ka/K W H3yKaH>uiHH »3Βΐκ ΙΙΉΗ Hape4He, JIHSKOC ero po^HOMy rosopy: npn 6ojibiiioM cxo CTse JICFKO ynycTHit. H3 BHfl pa3JIHHHH, CTHJIHSOBaTb Hy^CyiO pCHb ΠΟΑ CBOK). HM6HHO

oco eHHOCTSM HemcKoro cTKXocjioaceHHS, oTMeacesbiBaiomHM ero οτ HHOflSblHHblX

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H

ΠρβίΚΛβ

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CTHXOCHOSCeHKfl

pyccKoro, nocB^meHa npeAnaraeMa^ pa oia. 3το Ha pocoK oriiejibHOH rjiasH eme He cymecTBytomeft cpaBHHTejibHoit PHTMHKH. "ECJIH xaKaa Hayxa MbicjiHMa, rosopHT Φ. Ε. Κοριιι, το c TOHKH apeniia He HCTOpHH, o6yCJIOBJieHHOii BSaHMHbIM pOflCTBOM, a φΗ3ΗΟΛΟΓΚΗ p6HH H

B ueJiHX Hccne^OBaHHa KyjibTypnbix ΒΛΜ^ΗΗΗ". Λ ocraHOBii/ica na nepBoii H3 3Tiix npo JiCM: KaKOBo cooTHomeHHe leiUCKHM H3bIKOM H TOUICKHM CTHXOCJIOaCeHHeM.

HH B nepBOH nacTH pa oTbi, HH B TOTOBJHUHXCS κ nenaTH ztaubHeniuiix rjiasax (ΜοτορπΗ "HeTbipexcTonnoro xpoxea"; MemcKHii "neTbipexiH JJM "; ^BycjioscHafl esyaapHocTb κ HemcKHH BepiiH p) He KOMneH^HyMa neiiicKOH ρκτΜΗίίΗ. flji«KOMneH HyMa eine He Hacrajio BpeMg. MOH 3a^ana — nocTaeiiTb necKOJitKO BonpociiSHaKOB, pocHTb necKOJibKO pa o^HX runores. 3το Bsaivteti — GeccnopHHX ΛΟΓΜ, B3aM6H yHbijioro ignoramus. He snaw AenHH H xony ΟΛΗΟΓΟ: ΗΤΟΟΗ κ npescHHM nycTbipjrM HC 6buio BosspaTa. BsH/ty nojiHoro HesnaKOMCTBa pyccxoro HHTarejia c HCUICKOH no33Ketl MHe npHxo HJiocb B HeKOTopbix cnynasx coo maTb 3jieMeHTapHbie,

4

ON VERSE

HCXOB o6meH3BecTHbie cBeAeHH«. C flpyrofi eTopoHbi, nojieMHSHpya co crapHMH paooTEMH no leuiCKOMy craxy, a ocraHasjinBaiocb Ha 3JieMeHTapHHX oiHHOicax, caMooneBHAHbix spa pyccKoro npomeAinero sa nocjieAHHe ΓΟΑΗ ocHOBaxejibHyio uiKOJiy PHTMHKH, HO eme HC HSJKHTMX OKOHHarejibHO B lemcKo nayice o CTHXC, B saKjiioHeHHe HCCKOJIBKO saflynieEHLix CJIOB. C HyBCTBOM HCKpeHHCH npH3Hare^l>HOCTH BCnOMHHaiO Ο MOpaJIbHOii

, OKasaHHoft MHC προφ. Η, Β. cTpe oBbiM B Moefi pa oxe. JIH cocTOHjiacb H paSora, ecjin 6 ne 3Ta nofl^epacKa. Fopsio s liennwe yKasanHa noaia C. K, He Mana n προφβοεοροΒ O. Tyfiepa, B. MaTeawyca, KH. H. C. Tpy6eiiKoros A. OpHHTy H B. H, no HcropiiH neuiCKoro KOHH^ecTBa H yHHBepcHxeTCKHM nexmiiiM προφ. Φ, MocKOBCKoro JlHHrBHCTHHecKoro Kpyacxa, oco eHHo O. M. EpHKa H B. B. ToMameBCKoro o pyccKOM cxHxe, BnepBHe OTHeTJlHBO OCBeTHJIH MH6 npO JteMbl HayHHOH pHTMHKH. EcJIM npHM6T

Kpy»coK TeopexK^ecKHe nojioaceHHii HacxoHiueH ΚΗΙΙΓΗ, οτ nero >K y cjie^yiomero mara no nyxn κ cpasHnrejibHOMy crnxoeeAeHHio, r.e. paspa orKH npocoaM OTflejibHbix «SHKOB ΠΟΛ φοκοΛΟΓΗ^βοκΗ 3peHH«.

He sa6yAy H ΤΟΓΟ 6JIaΓoaieHHe ycTaHOB^eirtui lasonoB ΡΗΦΜΟΒΚΗ crapo-iemcKHx ΠΕΜΛΤΗΜΚΟΒ, ιιδο STM saKOHbi aaioT noaiac ιβτκΗο KpirrepHfi mm ΚΠΒΟΟΚΦΗΚΒΙΪΗΙΙ CTIIXOTBOPHLEX naMHTiniKOB H OTHeceKHH OTfleHtHblX naMSTHHKOB K To

mill HHO

nO3THieCKOO UIKOJie.

H3 CHcreMaTH'ieCKHX paOOT, TpaKTyramHx ο ρΗφΜε, xaK o MarepMa^e ρ/ια HcropH"ieCKOft φοΗετκκκ, HasoBCM rpya Ka^HMHpa Ha^a, Ζ history! polskich rymow (Bapinasa, ί916) Η KHHry F. Neumann'a, Geschichte des neuhochdeutschen Reimes von Opitz bis Wisland (BepJiiiH, 1920). • Cp. Hanp. Geb. I, §§ 136n, 143,, „ 23 1 „ 235, 350la, 480, 481, 482; A. Frinta, F net icka povaha a historicky vyvoj souhlasky v v^ slovanstine (Hpara, 1916), 69-70. 7 npexuiOJiosceHHe Φρκκτω (CM, npwMe1!, 6), y^To cnyiait CTH^eHiia THna nost va, numely, Nusle H τ.π. c oanofl cxopom.! κ se uv za c apyro , csHflexenbCTByiOT o no3flHe OTTHacKe yaapemis Ha OTpHuatiite H npeajior, JiHiiieno ocnoBaHHS. Cp. 1) cjiy^aw rum kd k H3 kdepak, tf H3 treba (Geb. I § 479„), 2) Bycjioaoioe maucta. 6 TaK »e O. Hujer, U\od do dejin jazyka ieskeho (npara, 1914, 55) H M. Weingart, Vyvoj ieskeho jazyka (Ilpara, 1919, 7), 3τοτ, pasno Kax H npCAbmyiUHfl apryMeHT, BOCXOAKT eine κ J, Truhlar'y, "O pfizvuku vubec, ζνΐέδί o £eskem", CCM 1S72, 417.

O HEUICKOM CTHXE

9

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