Selected Writings: Part 2 Medieval Slavic Studies 9783110863901, 9783110106060

Table of contents :
PART TWO MEDIEVAL SLAVIC STUDIES
Гимн в Слове Илариона о законе и благодати
Русские вирши XIV-ого века
Old Czech Verse
Из истории эпических форм в чешской поэзии четырнадцатого века
Glosy k Legendě о Sv. Prokopu
Старочешские стихотворения, сложенные однорифменными четверостишиями (8а•4)
Kunhutina skladba a modlitby Miličovy
Two Old Czech Poems on Death
An Old Czech Poem on Original Sin
Medieval Mock Mystery (The Old Czech Unguentarius)
On the Paths Toward Czech Gothic Poetry
Памяти Вячеслава Вячеславовича Ганки
Remarks on the Poetry of the Hussite Era
A Silesian-Polish cantilena inhonesta from the beginning of the Early Fifteenth Century
Český vliv na středověkou literaturu polskou
Szczupak po polsku
Význam ruské filologie pro bohemistiku
Русские отголоски древнечешских памятников о Людмиле
Some Russian Echoes of the Czech Hagiography
Češství Komenského
Slovanské duchovní dějiny v pojetí Jana Amose Komenského
Из разысканий над старочешскими глоссами в средневе¬ковых еврейских памятниках
The Term Canaan in Medieval Hebrew
Retrospect
More on the Enlightener
List of Illustrations
Index of Languages and Peoples
Index of Names
Index of Texts Cited
Index of Subjects

Citation preview

ROMAN JAKOBSON SELECTED WRITINGS VI

VI

Early Slavic Paths and Crossroads Edited, with a preface, by Stephen Rudy

P A R T TWO M E D I E V A L S L A V I C STUDIES 1985

MOUTON PUBLISHERS BERLIN · NEW YORK · AMSTERDAM

CIΡ-Kurztitelaufnahme

der Deutschen

Bibliothek

Jakobson, Roman: Selected writings/Roman Jakobson. - Berlin; New York; Amsterdam: Mouton NE: Jakobson, Roman: [Sammlung] 6. Jakobson, Roman: Early Slavic paths and crossroads. Pt. 2 (1985) Jakobson, Roman: Early Slavic paths and crossroads/[Roman Jakobson] . Ed., with a pref., by Stephen Rudy. - Berlin; New York; Amsterdam: Mouton (Selected writings/Roman Jakobson; 6) NE: Rudy, Stephen [Hrsg.]; HST Pt. 2. Medieval Slavic studies. - 1985 ISBN 3-11-010606-X

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Jakobson, Roman, 1 8 9 6 - 1 9 8 2 Early Slavic paths and crossroads. (Selected writings / Roman Jakobson ; 6) English, Czech, French, Polish, and Russian. Includes bibliographies and indexes. Contents: pt. 1. Comparative Slavic studies - the Cyrillo-Methodian tradition - pt. 2. Medieval Slavic studies. 1. Slavic philology — Addresses, essays, lectures. 2. Civilization, Slavic - Addresses, essays, lectures. I. Rudy, Stephen. II. Title. III. Title: Early Slavic paths and cross roads. IV. Series: Jakobson, Roman, 1896-1982. Selections. 1962 ; 6. P217.J3 vol. 6 410s 84-20792 [PG41] [891.8] Part 1: ISBN 0 - 8 9 9 2 5 - 0 5 0 - 5 Part 2: ISBN 0-89925-062-9

Printed on acid free paper

© Copyright 1985 by Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin. All rights reserved, including those of translation into foreign languages. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by photoprint, microfilm, or any other means — nor transmitted nor translated into a machine language without written permission from the publisher. Typesetting: H Charlesworth & Co Ltd, Huddersfield, England. — Printing: Druckerei Gerike GmbH, Berlin. — Binding: Lüderitz & Bauer, Buchgewerbe GmbH, Berlin — Printed in Germany.

CONTENTS

Preface (Stephen Rudy)

IX

PART ONE COMPARATIVE SLAVIC STUDIES. THE CYRILLO-METHODIAN TRADITION. The Kernel of Comparative Slavic Literature

1

I. The Common Patrimony of the Slavic Languages and Its Influence on Poetic Form, 1. — II. The Common Slavic Oral Tradition, 22. — III. The Common Slavic Written Tradition, 34. — IV. Some Implications, 50.

Slavism as a Topic of Comparative Studies

65

I. Aims of Comparative Slavic Linguistics, 65. — II. Comparative Slavic Literature, 67. — III. Church Slavonic Tradition, 68. — IV. Some Impediments to Slavic Studies, 69. — V. Comparative Studies in Slavic Ideology, 71. — VI. Cyrillo-Methodian Slavism, 72. — VII. Slavism in the Late Middle Ages, 72. — VIII. Slavism under the Czech Reformation, 74. — IX. Slavism of the Polish Golden Age, 76. — X. Slavism under Turkish Expansion, 77. — XI. Slavism in the Modern Period, 80. — XII. Summary and Conclusion, 85.

H 3 5J3bIKOBe/IHeCKHX pa3üyMHH HaΛ O Ô m H M H OCOÔeHHOCTHMH Π033ΗΗ CJiaBflHCKHX HapOflOB

Bejimcaa Mopaena

HJIH

BejiHKaa Hafl MopaeoH?

86

.

.

.

.

95

The Byzantine Mission to the Slavs

101

The Beginning of National Self-Determination in Europe .

115

The Czech Part in Church Slavonic Culture

129

Saint Constantin et la langue syriaque Minor Native Sources for the Early History of the Slavic Church

153 159

I. The Slavic Mission in the Russian Primary Chronicle, 159. — II. The Beginnings of Moravian and Bohemian Christianity in Czech-Latin Legends, 166. — III. The Prolog Legends of the Slavic Apostles, 179. — Publications Cited, 186.

VI

CONTENTS

Saint Constantine's Prologue to the Gospels

191

r i o x B a j i a KoHCTaHTHHa Hjiocoi CTHXOTBOPHMX φορΜ: Hradecky Rukopis, 480. — III. CraBxa Ha coxpaHeHHe simnecKoro xaHOHa: Velká Legenda o Sv. Katerinë, 498.

Glosy k Legendè o Sv. Prokopu

528

CTapOHeillCKHe CTHXOTBOpeHHH, CJIOaceHHbie ΟΛΗΟρΗφΜβΗΗΜΜΗ

HeTBepocTHUiHaMH (8a-4)

538

I. "Kunhutina pisen". ripHHitHnu eepci^HKauHH: AicueHTOJiormi. CTHX "KyHryTHHOH ne«™" h ee jiaTHHCKoro npoTOTHna, 538. — II. "Kunhutina piseñ" Η MOJiHTBa "Vitaj, mily Jezu Kriste". PeMHHHCitemxHH H3 "KyHr. necHH" Β neuicKOH Π033ΗΗ XIV Β., 549. — III. CTHxoTBopeHHJi "O smrtedlnosti" η "O bohatcí". Hx BsaHMOOTHOuieHHe, 551. — IV. "O smrtedlnosti" η "Kunhutina piseñ", 560. — V. "O smrtedlnosti" Η "O bázni Bozi". PeMHHHCueHUHH H3 CTHXOTB. "O smrtedlnosti" Β neuicKoìi πο33ΗΗ XIV Β., 563. — VI. MeCTO CXa30BbIX JIHpHHeCKHX CTHXOTBOpeHHH, CJlOJKeHHblX ΟΛΗΟρπφΜεΗHblMH leTBepOCTHUIHXMH, CpeflH CrapOHeiUCKHX CTHXOTBOpHblX naMXTHHKOB, 567. — VII. Legenda o sv. Katerinë Aicy6a, 571. — VIII. CrapoiemcicHe n e c H H , CJIOXCeHHbie ΟΑΗθρΗφΜβΗΗΙ>ΙΜΗ HeTBepOCTHIlIHSMH, 575. — IX. necHH, 6jIH3KHe pHTMHHeCKH C K a 3 0 B b I M JIHpHieCKHM ΟϋΗΟρΗφΜβΗΗΜΜ MeTBepOCTHUIHUM, 579. X . MeTonojiorHHecKHe BHBOÌU>I, 580.

Kunhutina skladba a modlitby Milicovy

584

Two Old Czech Poems on Death

589

I. Two Old Czech Poems on Death, 589. — II. Reconstruction of Spor duse s télem, 615. — III. Reconstruction of O nebezpecném casu smrli, 639. — IV. Czech Notes to the Reconstructed Spor, 650. — V. Czech Notes to the Reconstructured O nebezpecném casu smrli, 655. — VI. Bibliography, 657.

An Old Czech Poem on Original Sin

659

Medieval Mock Mystery (The Old Czech Unguentarius)

666

On the Paths Toward Czech Gothic Poetry

691

IlaMHTH B a q e c j i a e a B s n e c j i a B O B i r a a TarncH

696

Remarks on the Poetry of the Hussite Era

704

I. "The Bronze Age of Czech Poetry", 704. — II. "Divina Officia in Lingua Prohibita", 708. — III. Signum et Signatum, 722. — IV. "Together Many Artisans Have Established a New School", 726. — V. "Every Voice Whatsoever Shall Ring!", 728.

Vili

CONTENTS

A Silesian-Polish cantilena inhonesta from the beginning of the Early Fifteenth Century

738

Cesky vliv na stredovëkou literaturu polskou

773

Szczupak po polsku

782

Vyznam ruské filologie pro bohemistiku

792

PyccKHe

815

OTTOJIOCKH

flpeBHeneincKHx

Π3ΜΗΤΗΗΚΟΒ O JIio^MHjie .

Some Russian Echoes of the Czech Hagiography .

.

.

.

820

I. The Translation of St. Venceslav's Relics, 820. — II. The Hermit Ivan and John the Baptist, 833. — III. Adolf the Martyr, 841.

Cessivi Komenského

846

Slovanské duchovní dëjiny ν pojetí Jana Amóse Komenského .

850

Ms pa3bicKaHHÍí Hafl CTapOHeiucKHMH rjioccaMH Β cpeflHeeeKOBbix eepeiicKHx naM«THHKax

The Term Canaan in Medieval Hebrew

855

858

I. New Meanings of the Term Canaan, 858. — II. History of Studies on ptr 1 ? |WD, 868. — Addendum, 886.

Retrospect

887

More on the Enlightener

898

List of Illustrations

900

Index of Languages and Peoples

901

Index of Names

904

Index of Texts Cited

922

Index of Subjects

934

PART TWO

M E D I E V A L SLAVIC S T U D I E S

Γ Η Μ Η

Β

CJJOBE

M J I A P H O H A EJIATOFÍA

Ο

3 A KO

Η Ε

Μ

ΤΗ

Hac 6oraTOM KyjibTypHOM Hacjie^HH KHCBCKOH PycH ϋΛοβο ο 3ακοΗβ u ÔAaeodamu, cnoaceHHoe MjiapHOHOM 6JIH3KO κ cepeΛΗΗε oflHHHaauaToro Beica, He3a,no.jiro ΛΟ ero HacTOJioeaHHH Β KHCBCKHC MHTponojiHTbi (1051 r.), öeccnopHO npHHaaJieacHT κ BepiiiHHHbiM naMHTHHKaM. Cjioeo MjiapHOHa — 3aMeHaTejibHbiñ o6pa3eu apeBHeñiijero pyccKoro nponoeexiHHHecTBa He TOJibKO n o rjiyÔHHe ôorocuoBCKOÍÍ H HCTOpHOCOpa 6o 6/iaro.aaTbHaa no Been 3evuiH npocTptca. Η λ ο Harnero »buca pycKaaro aoHae. 3/iecb BnepBbie CAOBO ΒΒΟΛΗΤ pyccKyio TeMaTHKy, a a j i e e c j i e a y i o T MHoroHHCjieHHbie, 6ojibuieñ nacTbio KopeHHUiHeca Β KHpHJUio-ΜεφοabeBCKOH TpaílHUHH H3BJieHeHHfl HS ΠρορΟΚΟΒ H ncaJITbipH. TOJ1KyeMbie KaK npeacKa3aHHa MHpoBoro TopacecTBa ÖJiaroaaTH. C HcicycHblM ΠΟΛΔΟΡΟΜ JlHpHHeCKHX UHTaT H3 ncaJIMOB B03paCTaeT H JlHpH3M KHeBCKoro nponoBe/jHHKa. O w r y p a ceMHKpaTHoro ποΒτορεΗΗΗ HMnepaTHBHbix φ ο ρ Μ r j i a r o j i a noume

Π£ΤΗ: 183Ν

uapeBH HauieMy noume.

" n o u m e 6 o r y HameMy noume. ***.

«KO u a p b Been 3eMJiH 6 o r t .

noume

pa3yMHO. * * * . Η Bea 3eMJiH a a noKjioHHTb ΤΗ ca Η noemb τ ο . na noemb ace HMeHH TBoeMy ΒΗΙΙΙΗΙΗ." HenocpeacTBeHHO c j i e a y e T 3THMOJiorHHecKaa φHΓypa, oxBaTbiBaiomaa Ha 3 τ ο τ pa3 caicpa;ibHyK> aeeaTKy npHMepoB 6jiH3Koro n o 3HaHeHHK) κορΗΗ χβαΛ-:

183 v "χβαΛΗτε

roenoaa ***. Η

404

MEDIEVAL SLAVIC STUDIES

ποχβα/Μτε * * * " .

hmh rocnoflHe. * * *

184r "χβαΑho

TBoa Ha

xeaAa

KOHbUHx 3eMJia. * * * . a a xeúwaTb hmh r o c n o ^ H e . " Bcne/i 3a OTpuBKaMH ncauMOB

nepeôpacbiBaeTCfl Ha 3aBeaoMo jimmhwh τεκςτ caMoro

HjiapHOHa, noaaeaeMbiH KaK 6bi ο τ h m c h h "Bcea 3eMJia Harnea". 184v "xea^HTb » e nox«?a/îHbiHMH rjiacbi. pHMbcicaa CTpaHa neTpa h nayjia. * * * . noxea/ZHMt ace η mm. no c h j i Ì Hamen. MajibiHMH eejiHKaa h AHBHaa ciTBopbiuaaro.

ποχβα/iaMH.

Harnero ynHTejia h HacTaBHHKa.

BejiHKaaro KaraHa. Harnea 3cmjih BOJiOAHMepa." CjieayeT oTMeTHTb β 3THX cjioBax HacTOHHHBbiii nepexoa κ nepBOMy jiHuy MHoacecTBeHHoro HHCJia, T.e. κ 3aHHHy "noxeajibi KaraHy HameMy BOJio^HMepy", B03BemeHHoìi β BbiuienpHBeaeHHOM 3arojiOBKe (noxBajiHMi» ace η μ η .

***.

HauieH. * * * . Harnero. * * * . Harnea). 3flecb OTHeTjiHBO CKa3biBaeTca cymecTBeHHoe ceMaHTHnecKoe pa3jiHHHe Meacay ziByMa TepMHHaMH — empana h 3ε MAH. MHoacecTBeHHoe Hocamee

cmpaiibi,

BbiCTynaeT

β

λρο6ημη,

BOJihHOH

KaiomHx

CBo^Ky

cmpanaMb

***."

ÔHÔJieilcKHx

cjiob

ηητ3τ

—

xapaKTep,

Hcaím

(LI.

184r " h

aeaacabi

4-5),

cy/rb m o h

3aMbicb£ti>

184r_v "MeHe ocTpoBH ac,ayTb. η Ha Mbinibqio mok>

ynoBaioTb."

cmpami

ancTpn6yTHBHbiH

nepeaane

OTcioßa

HenocpeflCTBeHHbiH

nepexoa

κ

BCTynHTejibHbiM cjioBaM noxBajibi BojioflnMepy: 184v "xBajiHTb * * * . pHMbCKaa

neTpa

empana

KoeroJKflo

yHHTejia.

hxi>

nayjia.",

η

npocBeTHTejieñ, "Bea cmpami

npoHHe

CTpaHbi

cbohx

h rpaaH η ji roane. HTyTb η cjiaeaTb.

nace

HayHHuia

a

npaBocjiaBHÌ>H

eipi.

noxBajiHMT. » e η Mbl. * * * . BejiHKaaro KaraHa. Harnea 3CMAU β ο λ ο λ η Mepa." TepMHH se MAH, HeH3MeHHo β e^HHCTBeHHOM HHCJie, oaapeH TpeMH, TecHo conpaaceHHbiMH 3HaHeHHaMH. TpoöcTBeHHaa φopMyJla, Ha3biBaiomaa

3aecb

npHCOBOKynaaeT:

BojioaHMepa,

185r

"He

bt>

ero

xyai

fleaa 6o

η

OTua,

ropao

HeßiaoMi

h

3eMAU

BJiaabiHbCTBOBama. h i bt> pycbict. aace B ^ a o M a h cjibiuiHMa ecTb. b c Ì m h HeTbipbMH k o h u h 3eMAu."

Κ 3Ha4eHHK> "pyccKaa 3eMJia" 3flecb xecHO

npHMbiKaeT h cjiHBaeTca c nepBbiM KOCMHiecKoe 3HaneHHe τ ο γ ο ace HMeHH, BbicTynaiomee β npeaiuecTByiomHX

6n6jieHCKHX UHTaTax

η

cjryacamee φρ33ΰθϋθΓΗΗεοκΗΜ o6pa3UOM cjiaBocjioBHK) pyccKoft 3eMJie: 183r " y 3 p a T b BCH k o h u h 6ori.";

3CMAH. c n a c e H i e " ;

183v " u a p b Been

184r " x e a j i a t b o h Ha KOHbUHX 3βΜΑΗ."\

3eMAu

"ycjibiuiH Hbi 6oace

cnacHTejiK) Hamb. ynoeaHie bc£mï> KOHueMi» 3εMAU."

Β cxohchx κοη-

TeKCTax TloxBajia BoaoAHMepy npoaojiacaeT BbiaenraTb ero po,zmyio 3βΜΑΐο, npoTHBonocTaBJiaa eö oKpecTHbie CTpaHbi: 185r "eanHoaep»ceub 6bIBT> 3€MAU CBOeH. ΠΟΚΟρΗΒΤ. ΠΟ,φ> CS OKpyHCbHJfâ cmpaHbt."

YcJIbHIiaB

185v " o GaaroßtpHiH 3€MAU rpenbCKi" (TpeTbe 3HaHeHHe TepMHHa), Bojio^HMep 186r " B i 3 r o p t ayxoMb. βκο ö m t h eMy xpncTiaHy h 3cmau

405

ΓΜΜΗ Β CJK) Β E HJ1APHOHA Ο 3ΑΚΟΗΕ H ΕΛΑΓΟβΑΤΗ ero",

186ν " 3 a n o B Ì ^ a B i no Been jcmju

h KpbCTHTHCH"; "bch

3eM.in

Haina B i c j i a e t xpHCTa"; " h cjtobo eBaHrejibCKoe je.M.ìw Hamio ocia." T o x e npoTHBonocTaBjieHHe 3eMJiH CTpaHaM B03BpamaeTCH β 3aicjiioHeHHii CjioBa, c03ByMH0M npocjiaBJieHHOH MOJTHTBe KHeBCKoro Mnccajia: 198v " h h n p i a a H H a c i bt> pyKbi ηκ»καηηχτ>. ¡xa He np030BeTbca r p a a t t b o h rpafli» njiiHeHi. η CTa/io τβοε. nprnuejibim bt> 3ì'm.IU HecBoen. aa He peicyTb cmpaiibi

κ,αε ecTb 6 o r t hxt>."

rioHBjieHHe hmchh BoJio^HMepa β τεκετε CjioBa conpoBOÄ/iaeTCH BbinyKJlbIMH 3THMOJIOrHHeCKHMH φ Η ^ ρ 3 Μ Η peHHeM THTyjia καεαπ: flHMepa";

Η TpoeKpaTHbIM ΠΟΒΤΟ-

184r "BejiHKaaro καεαηα

Hauiea 3eMJiH bojio-

185r "KaeaHb Haujb BJio^HMep"b."; 186r "ciBJiine »ce ca y6o

KaeaHb Hamb".

IlepBbiH KOMnoHeHT cjioacHoro HMeHH

Bo.iodHMept

o6pa3yeT CHOBa TpoiÍHyio uenb c poacTBeHHbiMH rjiarojibHbiMH φ ο ρ MaMH,

184v

eyzaóbiHecTByiome,

185r

e.íaóbiHbCTBOBama.

Cea3b

c

npeaKaMH β CBOK) OHepeab no^nepKHyTa TpoñcTBeHHbiM coneTaHHeM 185r

"pozKbcsí.

Ç>5\&TopodtKb o r b

ÔJiaro/wdHbiHX."

Β

reHeajiorHH

BjiaíiHMHpa, Βτοροίί κοΜΓίοΗεΗτ οτιιοβοκογο HMeHH flBaacabi BbiaeJieH TpoiícTBeHHbiM "npof./>'Lua

nocTpoeHHeM:

***

184v

CAOEyTb";

h

"c.íaeHaaro

"c.taehuh

ott»

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CAOSηηηχτ>".

185r

3aMeHa

H3biHecKoro hmchh xpHcraaHCKHM ^aeT ποβολ κ ceMHKpaTHOH napoHOM33HH —

185Γ ΒΛΟΛΜΛίερί —

ΜΛ»κε HanHcacH bt> κηηγμ

186r "w.Ma npHW-Wb b£mHO UMZHHTO

JKHBOTHbia. bt> BbiuiHÌMjMl· r p a , « i

***

Η Ηε-

tjtÍh'hÍm.mi kpycajiM.v/i." /Jajib^HiiKH 3Η3ΜεΗ3τεπΒΗθίί penjiHKoñ Ha τ ο »ce poziHoe, H3biMecKoe hm« HOBOOÔpameHHoro noaBHHCHHKa 6biJi CX05KHH aeBaTHKpaTHblH ΠΟΒΤΟρ: 186v 3anoBÍaaBT» no Been 3eMJiH h icpbCTHTHCfl bt. u.wa OTua h cbiHa h CBHTaaro ^yxa. h acHo h eejierjiacHO bt> bcÍxt» r p a a i x i cjiaBHTHca cbht£h tpohuh. h BcÍmI ÔbITH XpHCTiaHOMl. MâJlblW.Wb H BejlHKblW.Ul. paÔOMl H CBOÔOflHblW.Wl». yHblM.Ml H CTapbIM.Wb. ÔOflpOMb H npOCTbIM.Wb. 6oraTbIM.Wb H yÔOrblIY.Mb. Π ο λ ο 6 η ο napoHOMacTHMecKOMy oôpaMJieHHK) nepBOHanaiibHoro κΗ»>κεCKOrO

ΗΜεΗΗ,

ero

ΒΤΟρΗΗΗΟε,

χρΗ0ΤΗ3Ηεκθε

ΗΜΗ

ΟΚ33ΜΒ3ετε5Ι

Βϋ03ΚεΗΗΜΜ Β Π3ρ0Η0Μ3εΤΗΗεεΚΗε Kjiay3yjlbl npH ΠερΒΟΜ ΗεποορεΛCTBeHHOM o6paiWHHH κ noKOHHOMy Βΐΐ3ΛΜκε η yHHτεJ^^o: 187ν " Τ ε 6 ε »ce KaKO

noxBajiHMi»

***.

npÍMy»bCTBeHbiH

nOHIOflHMCa KptnOCTH ace u

Bacw.z/e.

Kaico

aoôpoT^

cu.ií."

Βθ3ΒΗΙΙΐεΗΗθε nOBeCTBOBaHHe O ΚρεαίεΗΗΗ PyCH Η3ΗΗΗ3εΤ051 c τρεχ aopHCTOB εΛΗΗθΤΒεΗΗθΓθ HHCjra c noflJieíKamHM. o6o3HaHaioiuHM nyXOBHblH

HMnyJlbC,

ΠΟΒΙίεκίΗΗΗ

3a

C060ÍÍ

6Λ3Γ0ΗεεΤΗΒ0ε

ρείΙίεΗΗε

Βο;ιθΛΗΜερ3: 185v "npHüe HaHb * * * . npH3pt HaHb * * * . h Bi>CHa pa3yMi Bt cepauH e r o . " /Janee, Bcjie/i 3a 6ε3ΐΐΗΗΗ0Η naccHBHoíí KOHCTpyKUHeñ

406

MEDIEVAL SLAVIC STUDIES

"nane

ace

cjibimaHO

eMy

6t",

caKpajibHaa

ceMepica

npH^aTOHHbix

C K a 3 y e M b i x MHO^cecTeeHHoro HHCJia H a c T o a m e r o BpeMeHH, acHBoriHcyeT

rpenecKoe xpHCTOJiioÖHe: 185v — 186r "icaico * * * umymb h KAannrnmcH. KaKo *** diwmcx eípbHu. Tpex

***.

KaKO *** ucno.meHbi. Kaico BCH rpa/iH ÔAaeo-

BCH BT> MOJiHTBaxT.

aopHCTax

npedcmonmb.

eanHCTBeHHoro

jieacamHM eoAoduMepb

BCH 6 Ο Γ Ο Β Η

npicmostmb."

HHCJia c noapasyMeeaeMbiM

Β

πο,α-

c o c p e ^ o T o n e H a a y x o B H a a O T n o e e a b καζαηα

Ha-

ute ¿o: 185 v "H CH CAbiiucT·, 186 r "ebxcdeAa cepaueMb. eb3zop\ ^ y x o M b . "

CeMb nepBbix ***.

BojioßHMepa — H3 HHX τ ρ π οτ a3biHecKoro npoujjioro — 186r " c t B ^ i n e ca * * * . o r r p a c e " , — .aajiee " e b A Í 3 e BT> ceaTyio Kynfejib. Η

aopHCTOB n o B e c T B y i o T o KpemeHHH

06

OTKa3e

CIJIOÄH

nopoducH οτ jxyxa H βο,αω. *** BT> xpHCTa 06Asneen.

H mude

KynijiH". rtepexofla οτ καεαπα natuea 3βΜΛΛ κ cyaböaM ecea

OTb 3émah

npHÔeraeT κ Ü B Y M coneTaHHaM OTpHiiaTejibHbix npeayTBepaHTejibHbiMH 3aKJiK>HeHHaMH: (1) 186r "He a o c i j i e cmaeu * * * . HH o TOMb T O K M O mu * * * . " 186" " h i nodeuxcecH nane." (2) 186v "H He 6bi hh e^HHoro» npoTHBamaca * * * . Η BT> eaHHo BpeMa. Bea Harnea,

CJIOBO

jioaceHHH

c

3eMjia Hauia ebCAaeu xpHcra ***."

TopÄecTBo

xpHCTHaHCTBa

naa

a3binecTBOM

napHbiMH npoTHBonocTaBJieHHaMH —

naTbio Β

ΗΜπερφεκτοΒ HecoeepuieHHoro BH^a Β Tpex O C T a j l b H b l X , n p H H Ê M H3 BCeX fleCHTH JIHHHblX T J i a r O J I b H b l X φορΜ p O B H O n o j i O B H H a n p H H a a j i e j K H T B 0 3 B p a T H 0 M y 3ajiory: 187' "Tor\na H a n a T t M p a K T > HaojibCKbiH ό τ ι . H a c T . Ο Τ Χ Ο Λ Η Τ Η . Η 3 o p í > ÔJiaroeipia a B H U i a c a . "

flByx

nepBbix

oöpHCOBaHO

a o p H C T O B c o B e p i u e H H o r o BUaa

cjiynaax,

XlaJiee " n o r b i ô e . uiaaxyca. —

—

ocia.;

pa3pyuiaaxyca.

aBJiaaxyca.; n p o ô t r a a x y .

—

—

nocraBJiaaxyca.;

ciKpy-

CBamaauie.".

riocjieayiomaa KapTHHa noBceMecTHoro H BceHapo^Horo 6orocjiyaceHHa o x e a T b i B a e T a e a TpoíícTBeHHbix p a a a aopHCTOB Β TpeTbeM JlHUe MHOJKeCTBeHHOrO HHCJia C 3ByKOBbIMH nOBTOpaMH, cKpenjiaioiuHMH BHyTpeHHee e^HHCTBo oTaejibHbix npeajioaceHHÜ: 187' (1) "nacwycH cjioeecHbiHxi oeeub xpHcmoe~b ***. cmawa ***. H Becb KJinpociy/cpacHiua h Bt JiinoTy o a i u i a " — (2) "MaHücmbipeBe Ha r o p a x cmawa. *** muuia ca. * * * ecu Atoane ei>CAaeuuia ***." Meac/iy

OÔOHMH paaaMH 3pHMbIX yHaCTHHKOB TOpíKeCTBa BKJIHHeHbl o6pa3bI xpaMOBbix 3ByMâHHH H ÔJiaroyxaHHH c flByMa aopHCTaMH e^HHCTBeHHoro HHCJia Β npoTHBonojioacHocTb MHOHcecTBeHHOMy uiecTH OKpecTHbix rjiarojioB: "eeaHrejibCKbi ^OMT> BCH epajiu oeAaca. TeMiaHt

6ory eacnymaeMb e&3,nyxT> oceaTH." KapTHHa 6pa)KeHHa JHOACKHX

noôe^bi 6opb6bi

npaBOBepna AByx

eep,

oTJinnaeTca

BO-nepBbix,

HaHMeHOBaHHH (KaK HanpHMep

οτ

npe^biaymero

noaejieHHeM

no/(jie)Kamne Η

H

H30-

O6HJIHCM

npHJioaceHHa κ

ΓΜΜΗ Β CJIOBE HJ1APHOHA Ο 3ΑΚΟΗΕ Η Β/ΙΑΓΟ/ΙΑΤΗ

407

η η μ : "nacTycH, enncKorw, nonoee, aiaKOHH, HepHopH3bUH, MyxcH, »ceHbi, jiio^He"), Βο-βτορωχ, ôojibuieii HarjumHocTbio HCHBonHcaHHa, HCHe3HOBeHneM T a K H x OTBJieneHHbix MeTa({)op, KaK " M p a i c b H/ioJibCKbiH,

TMa ôtcocjiyraHHa", h cooTBeTCTBeHHoíí 3aMeHoñ aôcTpaicTHbix ποαjiexcamHx KOHicpeTHbiMH πρΗ oflHHaKOBbix rjiarojiax (cnepea " 3 o p i ÓJiaroB^pia aBHiiiaca", 3aTeM »ce "HepHopH3bUH aBHiuaca"), h HaKOHeu, OTMeHOH Η Μ Π β ρ φ β Κ Τ Ο Β , CJiyXCHBUIHX COnOCTaBJieHHiO OflHOBpeMeHHblX

06pa30B coKpyuiaeMOH cTapHHbi Η ΗΟΒΟΓΟ cTpoHTejibCTBa. Β TopjKecTBeHHOM paccKa3e o kohchhom BOuapeHHH hoboíí eepbi Ha PycH Hanôojiee cmkhh, 3aKJiiOHHTe.iibHbiH c y ö i e K T — 187 r "MyacH h xceHbi. h MajiiH h BejiHuiH BCH JiioaHe" — coneTaeTca c npe^HKaTOM 187 v "BicjiaBHiiia

rjiarojirome".

3acnM

Henocpe/jCTBeHHO

cjie/iyeT

τεκετ

K p a T K O r O CJiaBOCJIOBHH, BO BCeñ Ι φ Ο Π Ο Β ε Λ Η e a H H C T B e H H b l H , He C H H T a a

ÔHÔjieiicKHX UHTaT, npHMep nyacoñ npsMOH penn c npeaeapHTejibHOH ccbijiKOH Ha p e K y m H x :

t-AH-NTi CBA-TTi. Í-^H-HTÍ ro-cno-^k H-COY-Ch XpH-tTO-Ck Bii-t/id-Bey· Bo-roy O-Tb-μΐΟ d-íHH-NK. XPH-CTO-tli JfpH-CTO-Cfc XpH-tTO-Ck XpH-CTO-Ck

nO-B*fe-AH. 0-A0-/ffe. ΒΤν-μΛ-ρΗ CA. ΠφΟ-C/ld-RH CA.

ΒΙ-ΛΗ-ΚΤν t-tH rô-CnO-AH H Hto-AK-Nd TB0-« BO-JKi Hd-UJK Cdd-Bd TC-B-fc. Γ Η Μ Η COCTOHT H3 T p e x ο τ ρ ο φ , H a C H H T b I B a i o m H X Β o ô m e i i C J 1 0 Ä H 0 C T H

^BeHa/iuaTb cthxob. ΠορΗ,αοκ ςτροφ ABaac^« cjieayeT npHHUHny a p i ^ MeTHHecKoii perpeccHH; K a » a a a nocjieayiomaa C T p c ^ a κοροπε npeAbiayiueii h Ha ο λ η η c t h x , h Ha a e a c j i o r a . r i e p e a a ο τ ρ ο φ 3 c j i a r a e T c a

H3 πητη, BTopaa H3 HeTbipex, a TpeTba H3 Tpex cthxob; oômee hhcjio cjioroB cocTaBjiaeT 28 β nepBOH οτροφε, 26 bo Βτοροή h 24 β TpeTbeñ. OôpaTHO, CTHXa

H

flJiHHa KOHHaa

3aKJlK)HHTejIbHOrO

c t h x o b pacTeT, HaHHHaa c n e p e o r o , nOCJie,HHHMH, CTHXa

nporpeccHH noBbimaeTCH

BOCbMHCJIOHCHblMH,

CTpoφbI Ha ο λ η η

Β cjior:

nopaaKe

naTHCjioHCHoro npHHeM

a^HHa

3ρΗφΜβΤΗΗεΰΚΟΗ

nepeaa ςτροφ8

KOHiaeTca

MEDIEVAL SLAVIC STUDIES

408 UieCTHCJIOHCHblM

CTHXOM,

BTOpaa

CeMHCJlOÄHblM,

a

TpeTba

BOCbMH-

CJIOHCHblM. Β nepBoñ ετροφε HHflMH

c p e f l H H H , m e c r a c j i o a c H b i H CTHx O K p y x c e H

naTHCJIOHCHOrO

C UieCTHCJIOJKHblM

CTHXOM;

coneTa-

BTOpaa

θτρθφ3

pacnajiaeTCH Ha jjea .aBycTHmna: 2/6 + 2/7; TpeTba c r p c ^ a HacHHTbiBaeT

τρκ BocbMHCJioxcHbix CTHxa. 0 6 a 3aKJTK)HHTejibHbix CTHxa o6pa3yioT no ^Ba neTbipexcjioacHbix nojiycraiiiHH, Toraa KaK β ocTajibHbix ziecjiTH CTHxax ceneHHe (coupe, break), T.e. cjioBopa3,neji, pa3ÔHBaiomHH c t h x Ha

cerMeHTbi, c^eayeT 3a TpeTbHM cjioroM, h β ôojibuiHHCTBe cjiynaee HJieHeHHe CTHxa HaxoaHT ce6e noAaepacicy β rpaMMaTHnecKOM napajijiejiH3Me, ocoöeHHO xapaKTcpHOM an« Bceñ cpeüHeií ς τ ρ ο φ Μ . ,βεεβτΜΗ

cthx HacHHTbiBaeT .aea BHyTpeHHHX cjioBopa3^e^a — οληη nocjie TpeTbero, apyroii nocjie naToro cjiora, ho phtmhhcckhh HMnyiibc Bcex aeBATH npe^biflymHX cthxob c peryjiapHbiM cjioBopa3^ejioM BCJiea 3a TpeTbHM cjioroM 6jiaronpHSTCTByeT aejieHHio aecaToro CTHxa Ha cerMeHTbi 3 + 5, x o t h h cerMeHTauHH 5 + 3 He π ρ ο τ Η Β ο ρ ε π Η τ

CTHXOB

npaBHJiaM φρ33Ηρ0ΒΚΗ MHHHMajIbHblH, npeBbimaeT

Ha

MHCJioxcHoro THMHa

(•§•+

nojiOBHHOH

nHTHCJIOÎKHblH

oahh

CTHxa,

cjior

oôihhm

THMHa. CTHX, K O T O p b I M

nojioBHHy

BbiCTynaiomero

β

HaHHHaeTC»

MâKCHManbHoro, 3aKJHOHHTejibHOH

ΓΗΜΗ, Bocbοτροφε

Pa3HHua M e a c ^ y CHJiJiaÔHHCCKHM cocTaeoM c e r M e H T a h oômero HHCjia cjioroB β C T H x e H e n p e B b i m a e T ο λ η ο γ ο cuora.

1).

Β CeMH H3 BOCbMH Π ρ Η Μ ε ρ Ο Β CTHXH C H e T H b l M HHCJIOM CJlOrOB ^ J l H T C a Ha paBHOcjioacHbi8 cerMeHTbi.

r i o B T o p H O C T b c t h x o b το^κ,αεετΒεΗΗΜΧ n o HHCjiy c j i o r o B , H a p a a y c o CMeHoíí

cHjijiaÔHHecKHX

UieCTHCJIOHCHblX,

MaTpHu

(^Ba

ΛΒΆ CeMHCJlOHCHblX

naTHCJioHCHbix

H TpH

CTHxa,

BOCbMHCJIOHCHblX,

naTb T.e.

Β

οδιηεΜ πετΒίρε craxa c h c h c t h m m h B A B o e ô o j i b i i t e , B o c e M b , c πετΗΗΜ HHCJIOM CJIOrOB), ρ Ο Λ Η Η Τ Π ρ Η Β ε / ΐ ε Η Η Η Η ΓΗΜΗ C p a H H H M H U e p K O B H O C J i a BHHCKHMH K a H O H a M H H ΠρΟΗΗΜΗ J Ï H T y p r H H e C K H M H n e C H O n e H H a M H , T f l e H 3 0 C H J I J i a 6 H 3 M CTHXOB B T O p H T CHJlJiaÔHHeCKOMy CTpOK) H a n e B O B ,

CO-

HeTaiomHx nocToaHCTBO pa3Mepa c εΓο ποετεπεΗΗΗΜ HapacTaHHCM. Β Ηείΐ3ΒΗεΜ T p y a e R i c c a r d o Picchio, " Τ ΐ ι ε Isocolic Principle in O l d R u s s i a n P r o s e " , β c ô o p h h k c Slavic Poetics (Taara-riapHHc, 1973), n O C B a m e H H O M Κ . Φ . T a p a H O B C K O M y , ρΗΤΜΗΚΟ-CHHTaKCHHeCKHÍÍ C K J i a a

nponoBeaH

HjiapHOHa Hanie/i ceôe

npocToe η

πετκοε

oripeaejieHHe:

The whole of the Sermon on Law and Grace seems to comply with the isocolic principle, on a basis of [the least prime numbers:] two, three, or five accentual units or of their combination. Isocolic sequences are not protracted by setting in a row a large number of equal units. Alternant dicola, or tricóla, create a rhetorical architecture whose emotive symmetry is logically stressed by appositional caudae.

Γ Η Μ Η Β CJIOBE HJIAPHOHA Ο 3ΑΚΟΗΕ Η Β Λ Α Γ Ο Μ Τ Η Κ

H30K0^0Hy, j i e * a m e M y

β o c H o e e aeKJiaMauHOHHbix THpaα

Η

προπο-

npHcoeaHHaeT CHjuiaÔHHecicyio Β03Β0ΛΗΤ ee Β JlOMHHHpyiOmHH npHHUHn HBCTBeHHO HaneBHblX

Be^H, necHocjioBHe Aia.ibix

CeTKy

409

u eejimux

CTHXOB BCeC060pH0r0 THMHa. /tejieHHK) necHocjioBHa n a τ ρ κ ο τ ρ ο φ Μ conyTCTByioT «piene r p a M MaTHHecKHe pa3JiHHHa: nojiHoe OTcyTCTBHC n i a r o j i O B cpe^H aecaTH cjiOBecHbix e^HHHU H a n a j i b H o r o nojiycTHiuHa, CTporaa CHMMeTpna Bcex HeTbipex cthxob cpe^Heñ οτροφΗ c neTbipexc^bi ποβτορηημ hmchcm β nepBOM cerMeHTe h .aajiee c neTbipbMH aopHCTaMH περφεκτΗΒΗΜΧ m a r o j i o B , c n e p B a .aeyx TpaH3HTHBHbix, a 3aTeM ßByx B03BpaTHbix; HaKOHeu, β 3aKjiK)HHTejibHOH ε τ ρ ο φ ε TpeTbe jihuo CMeHaeTca BTopbiM (cB«3Ka " e c H " , flBa βοκητήβ3, MecTOHMeHHbie ccbiJiKH Ha a ^ p e c a T a — "TBoa, T e ô i " —

h cooTBCTCTBeHHO Ha KOJijieKTHBHoro a a p e c a H T a

—

BpeMeHH jickchhcckhx rjiaroJiOB npoTHBonocTaBJiaioTCH cocTaBHbie CKa3yeMbie HacToamero BpeMeHH jihôo c BbipaiKeHHoii ( " B e j i H K i e c H " ) , jihôo c HyjieBOH cbjbkoh "Hauib"),

a

npoiueauieMy

("'MioflbHa aïijia").

Γημη λοποαληηηο 3aMbiKaeT paccica3 O tom, KaK " x p n c T o c b ποδί^Η" β pyccKOH 3eMjie. "