Sectional Anatomy by MRI and CT [4 ed.] 0323394191, 9780323394192

Table of contents :
Front cover
Sectional Anatomy by MRI and CT Fourth Edition
Copyright page
Preface
Acknowledgments
Table of Contents
I Upper Extremity
1 MRI of the Pectoral Girdle and Chest Wall
AXIAL
SAGITTAL
CORONAL
2 MRI of the Shoulder
AXIAL
OBLIQUE SAGITTAL
OBLIQUE CORONAL
3 MR Arthrography of the Shoulder
AXIAL
OBLIQUE SAGITTAL
OBLIQUE CORONAL
ABER (ABDUCTION AND EXTERNAL ROTATION)
4 MRI of the Arm
AXIAL
SAGITTAL
CORONAL
5 MRI of the Elbow
AXIAL
OBLIQUE SAGITTAL
OBLIQUE CORONAL
6 MRI of the Forearm
AXIAL
SAGITTAL
CORONAL
7 MRI of the Wrist
AXIAL
SAGITTAL
CORONAL
8 MRI of the Hand
AXIAL
SAGITTAL
CORONAL
II Lower Extremity
9 MRI of the Hip
AXIAL
SAGITTAL
CORONAL
10 MR Arthrography of the Hip
AXIAL
SAGITTAL
CORONAL
11 MRI of the Thigh
AXIAL
SAGITTAL
CORONAL
12 MRI of the Knee
AXIAL
SAGITTAL
CORONAL
13 MRI of the Leg
AXIAL
SAGITTAL
CORONAL
14 MRI of the Ankle
AXIAL
OBLIQUE AXIAL
SAGITTAL
CORONAL
15 MRI of the Foot
AXIAL
SAGITTAL
CORONAL
III Spine and Back
16 MRI of the Thoracic Spine
AXIAL
SAGITTAL
CORONAL
17 MRI of the Lumbar Spine
AXIAL
SAGITTAL
CORONAL
IV Thorax
18 CT of the Thorax
AXIAL
SAGITTAL
CORONAL
19 MRI of the Heart
AXIAL
SAGITTAL
CORONAL
V Abdomen
20 CT of the Abdomen
AXIAL
SAGITTAL
CORONAL
21 MRI of the Abdomen
AXIAL
SAGITTAL
CORONAL
VI Pelvis
22 CT of the Male Pelvis
AXIAL
SAGITTAL
CORONAL
23 CT of the Female Pelvis
AXIAL
SAGITTAL
CORONAL
24 MRI of the Male Pelvis
AXIAL
SAGITTAL
CORONAL
25 MRI of the Female Pelvis
AXIAL
SAGITTAL
CORONAL
Index
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
X
Z

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Sectional Anatomy by MRI and CT

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Sectional Anatomy by MRI and CT Fourth Edition Mark W. Anderson, MD

Harrison Distinguished Teaching Professor of Radiology Chief, Musculoskeletal Imaging Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Virginia Charlottesville, Virginia

Michael G. Fox, MD

Associate Professor of Radiology and Medical Imaging Associate Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Virginia Charlottesville, Virginia

1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd. Ste 1800 Philadelphia, PA 19103-2899

SECTIONAL ANATOMY BY MRI AND CT, FOURTH EDITION

ISBN: 978-0-323-39419-2

Copyright © 2017 by Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www. elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein).

Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Previous editions copyrighted 2007, 1995, and 1990. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Anderson, Mark W., 1957- , author. | Fox, Michael G., author. | El-Khoury, Georges Y. Sectional anatomy by MRI and CT. Preceded by (work): Title: Sectional anatomy by MRI and CT / Mark W. Anderson, Michael G. Fox. Description: Fourth edition. | Philadelphia, PA : Elsevier, [2017] | Includes index. | Preceded by Sectional anatomy by MRI and CT / Georges Y. El-Khoury, William J. Montgomery, Ronald A. Bergman. 3rd ed. 2007. Identifiers: LCCN 2015049199 | ISBN 9780323394192 (hardcover : alk. paper) Subjects: | MESH: Anatomy, Regional | Magnetic Resonance Imaging | Tomography, X-Ray Computed | Atlases Classification: LCC QM25 | NLM QS 17 | DDC 611/.90222--dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015049199 Content Strategist: Robin Carter Content Development Specialist: Kathryn DeFrancesco Publishing Services Manager: Catherine Jackson Senior Project Manager: Daniel Fitzgerald Designer: Paula Catalano Printed in China Last digit is the print number:  9  8  7  6  5  4  3  2  1

Preface

W

ith the explosion of cross-sectional imaging, the accessibility of a high quality anatomic atlas has become essential and it is with great pleasure that we introduce the fourth edition of this classic atlas. Since it was first published in 1990, it has become a standard anatomic reference source. The first three editions were masterfully edited by Drs. Georges El-Khoury, Ronald Bergman, and William Montgomery, and we are honored to be able to continue the tradition of excellence that they established.

New features in this fourth edition include color-coded labeling and a corresponding online version that allows for easy access anytime/anywhere and provides features such as scroll, zoom, and search functions that should further enhance the user’s experience. We hope that you will find this new edition to be an integral and valuable addition to your practice. Mark W. Anderson, MD Michael G. Fox, MD

Acknowledgments

W

e are indebted to Drs. El-Khoury and Bergman for their prior efforts in producing and improving this text and for allowing us to continue along the path of excellence they established. We also thank Robin Carter, Katie DeFrancesco, and Dan Fitzgerald

from Elsevier for helping to bring this project to fruition. Without their invaluable assistance, it wouldn’t have happened! Mark W. Anderson, MD Michael G. Fox, MD

Contents SECTION I  UPPER EXTREMITY

SECTION II  LOWER EXTREMITY

Chapter 1  M  RI of the Pectoral Girdle and Chest Wall, 3

Chapter 9  MRI of the Hip, 221

Axial, 4 Sagittal, 14 Coronal, 24 Chapter 2  MRI of the Shoulder, 34 Axial, 36 Oblique Sagittal, 46 Oblique Coronal, 56

Chapter 3  MR Arthrography of the Shoulder, 66 Axial, 67 Oblique Sagittal, 72 Oblique Coronal, 78 ABER (Abduction and External Rotation), 84

Chapter 4  MRI of the Arm, 90 Axial, 92 Sagittal, 98 Coronal, 105

Chapter 5  MRI of the Elbow, 114 Axial, 115 Oblique Sagittal, 125 Oblique Coronal, 134

Chapter 6  MRI of the Forearm, 143 Axial, 146 Sagittal, 156 Coronal, 162

Chapter 7  MRI of the Wrist, 170 Axial, 171 Sagittal, 180 Coronal, 189

Chapter 8  MRI of the Hand, 196 Axial, 198 Sagittal, 205 Coronal, 214

Axial, 224 Sagittal, 233 Coronal, 243

Chapter 10  MR Arthrography of the Hip, 250 Axial, 251 Sagittal, 257 Coronal, 262

Chapter 11  MRI of the Thigh, 267 Axial, 269 Sagittal, 277 Coronal, 286

Chapter 12  MRI of the Knee, 294 Axial, 295 Sagittal, 302 Coronal, 311

Chapter 13  MRI of the Leg, 321 Axial, 324 Sagittal, 334 Coronal, 342

Chapter 14  MRI of the Ankle, 348 Axial, 349 Oblique Axial, 359 Sagittal, 365 Coronal, 372

Chapter 15  MRI of the Foot, 381 Axial, 385 Sagittal, 391 Coronal, 399

viii  CONTENTSviii

SECTION III  SPINE AND BACK

Chapter 21  MRI of the Abdomen, 493

Chapter 16  MRI of the Thoracic Spine, 411

Axial, 494 Sagittal, 502 Coronal, 510

Axial, 415 Sagittal, 417 Coronal, 420

Chapter 17  MRI of the Lumbar Spine, 424 Axial, 425 Sagittal, 429 Coronal, 432

SECTION VI  PELVIS Chapter 22  CT of the Male Pelvis, 521 Axial, 522 Sagittal, 528 Coronal, 531

SECTION IV  THORAX

Chapter 23  CT of the Female Pelvis, 537

Chapter 18  CT of the Thorax, 441

Axial, 538 Sagittal, 543 Coronal, 546

Axial, 442 Sagittal, 449 Coronal, 453

Chapter 19  MRI of the Heart, 459 Axial, 460 Sagittal, 464 Coronal, 467

SECTION V  ABDOMEN Chapter 20  CT of the Abdomen, 473 Axial, 475 Sagittal, 481 Coronal, 487

Chapter 24  MRI of the Male Pelvis, 552 Axial, 553 Sagittal, 559 Coronal, 565

Chapter 25  MRI of the Female Pelvis, 571 Axial, 572 Sagittal, 576 Coronal, 580

Index, 585

I

Section

Upper Extremity

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1

Chapter

MRI of the Pectoral Girdle and Chest Wall

4  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE AND CHEST WALL

AXIAL

Figure 1.1.1

Internal jugular v

Platysma m

Infrahyoid m

Thyroid cartilage

Inferior constrictor m Sternocleidomastoid m

Carotid a C5-6 disc level Vertebral a

Anterior scalene m Middle scalene m Posterior scalene m Levator scapulae m

Multifidus m Trapezius m

Splenius cervicis and splenius capitis mm

Figure 1.1.2

Platysma m

Semispinalis cervicis and semispinalis capitis mm

Anterior scalene m

Internal jugular v

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

Sternocleidomastoid m

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Infrahyoid m

Trachea Internal carotid a Longus colli m

Middle scalene m

C6-7 disc level

Posterior scalene m

Semispinalis cervicis and semispinalis capitis mm

Trapezius m

Levator scapulae m

Splenius cervicis and splenius capitis mm

Multifidus m

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE AND CHEST WALL  5

Figure 1.1.3

Distal clavicle

Middle scalene m

Supraspinatus m

Anterior scalene m

Sternocleidomastoid m

Anterior jugular v

Trachea Thyroid gland Esophagus Longus colli m C7 vertebral body

Posterior scalene m

Trapezius m

Transverse cervical vessels

Levator scapulae m

Figure 1.1.4

Splenius m

Rhomboid minor m

Middle scalene m Acromioclavicular joint

Externa jugular v

Serratus anterior m

Internal jugular v Anterior scalene m

Sternocleidomastoid m

Thyroid

Trachea

Common carotid a Longus colli m Posterior scalene m Acromion

Multifidus m Semispinalis capitis m

Clavicle

Scapular spine

Supraspinatus m

Trapezius m

Levator scapulae m

Serratus posterior superior m

Splenius capitis and splenius cervicis mm

6  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE AND CHEST WALL

Figure 1.1.5

Anterior deltoid m

Supraspinatus m

Clavicle

External Sternocleidomastoid m, Sternocleidomastoid m, jugular v clavicular head sternal head Anterior scalene m Anterior jugular v Common carotid a Internal jugular v

Middle deltoid m

Longus colli m Middle scalene m Serratus anterior m

Posterior deltoid m

Semispinalis capitis m Splenius capitis and splenius cervicis mm Supraspinatus t

Figure 1.1.6

Scapular spine

Thoracoacromial a, acromial branch Deltoid m, anterior head

Coracoid

Trapezius m

Levator scapulae m

Anterior scalene m

Subclavius m

Subscapularis m

Trapezius m

Clavicle

Serratus anterior m

Rhomboid minor m

Sternocleidomastoid m, clavicular head Sternocleidomastoid m, sternal head Anterior jugular v

Greater tuberosity of humerus

Sternohyoid m Common carotid a

Humeral head

Internal jugular v

Deltoid m

Costovertebral joint Subclavian a Costotransverse joint

Glenoid

Rib

Infraspinatus m Scapular spine

Supraspinatus m

Trapezius m

Rhomboid minor m

Splenius capitis and splenius cervicis mm

Semispinalis capitis m

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE AND CHEST WALL  7

Figure 1.1.7

Conjoined t of coracobrachialis m and biceps brachii m, short head

Pectoralis minor t Coracoid process

Subscapularis m Cephalic v

Anterior scalene m

Clavicle

Subclavius m

Sternocleidomastoid m, sternal head

Cephalic v

Sternohyoid m Deltoid m, anterior head

Anterior jugular v Sternothyroid m

Biceps brachii t, long head

Common carotid a Subclavian a Thoracoacromial a

Greater tuberosity of humerus

Semispinalis thoracis m

Humeral head

Semispinalis capitis m

Glenoid

Splenius capitis and splenius cervicis mm

Posterior deltoid m

Rhomboid major m Suprascapular neurovascular bundle in suprascapular notch

Figure 1.1.8

Humeral head Biceps brachii t, long head

Infraspinatus m

Coracobrachialis t Biceps brachii t, short head

Cephalic v

Pectoralis minor m

Scapular body

Pectoralis major m, clavicular head

Serratus anterior m

Trapezius m

Axillary v

Clavicle

Subclavius m Sternocleidomastoid m, sternal head Anterior jugular v Sternohyoid m Brachiocephalic a Brachiocephalic v

Deltoid m

Trachea Subclavian v Axillary a Right lung Semispinalis thoracis m

Glenohumeral joint

Rhomboid major m Trapezius m

Glenoid Infraspinatus m

Suprascapular Infraspinatus m a and n in spinoglenoid notch

Subscapularis m

Trapezius m

Serratus anterior m

8  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE AND CHEST WALL

Figure 1.1.9

Pectoralis minor m Subscapularis m Lesser Pectoralis major m, Sternocleidomastoid m, tuberosity Biceps brachii t, Coracobrachialis m clavicular head sternal head Axillary a Axillary v short head of humerus Biceps brachii t, long head

Clavicle Sternothyroid m Sternohyoid m Brachiocephalic a Brachiocephalic v Right lung

Deltoid

Rib Greater tuberosity of humerus

Erector spinae m Semispinalis thoracis m Trapezius m Splenius capitis and splenius cervicis mm Infraspinatus m

Figure 1.1.10 Biceps brachii t, long head

Deltoid m, anterior head

Glenoid

Serratus anterior m

Scapular body, medial border

Serratus Trapezius m anterior m

Coracobrachialis m and biceps brachii m, short head Axillary a

Biceps brachii t, short head

Pectoralis major m, clavicular head

Rhomboid major m

Pectoralis minor m Sternoclavicular joint Left brachiocephalic v

Surgical neck of humerus

Brachiocephalic a Right brachiocephalic v Trachea

Deltoid m

Axillary v Costovertebral joint Rib

Quadrangular space

Semispinalis thoracis m

Posterior circumflex humeral a and branches and axillary n and branches

Splenius capitis and splenius cervicis mm

Triceps brachii m, long head

Teres minor m

Subscapularis m

Infraspinatus m

Serratus Trapezius m anterior m

Rhomboid major m

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE AND CHEST WALL  9

Figure 1.1.11 Biceps brachii t, long head

Pectoralis major m, clavicular head Coracobrachialis m Biceps brachii t, Axillary a Axillary v short head

Pectoralis minor m

Costochondral cartilage, first rib

Sternum Left brachiocephalic v

Humerus

Brachiocephalic a Right brachiocephalic v Deltoid m

Trachea Thoracic vertebral body Subscapularis m

Quadrangular space

Rib Rhomboid major m

Axillary n and posterior circumflex humeral a

Trapezius m Triceps brachii m, long head

Figure 1.1.12

Biceps brachii t, long head

Teres major m

Teres minor m

Infraspinatus m

Biceps brachii m, short head Coracobrachialis m

Scapular body

Axillary a

Serratus anterior m

Pectoralis major m, sternoclavicular head

Sternum Ascending aorta Superior vena cava Pectoralis minor m

Deltoid m

Trachea Right lung

Superior portion of t of latissimus dorsi m Triceps m, lateral head

Subscapularis m Serratus anterior m Rhomboid major m

Latissimus dorsi m Triceps brachii m, long head

Trapezius m

Teres major m Circumflex scapular a

Teres minor m

Subscapular a

Infraspinatus m

10  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE AND CHEST WALL

Figure 1.1.13

Biceps brachii m, short head

Coracobrachialis m

Axillary neurovascular bundle

Pectoralis major m, sternocostal head

Pectoralis minor m

Pectoralis major t Sternum

Biceps brachii m, long head

Ascending aorta Superior vena cava

Deltoid m

Right mainstem bronchus

Latissimus dorsi and teres major tt

Subscapularis m

Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Vertebral body Rib Serratus anterior m

Axillary n, posterior branch

Rhomboid major m

Triceps brachii m, long head

Trapezius m Infraspinatus m Teres major m

Figure 1.1.14

Latissimus dorsi m

Biceps brachii m, short head

Teres minor m

Coracobrachialis m

Inferior scapula

Pectoralis minor m

Pectoralis major m, costosternal head Sternum

Cephalic v

Internal thoracic a and v

Pectoralis major t

Ascending aorta

Biceps brachii m, long head

Superior vena cava

Deltoid m

Right lung

Humeral diaphysis

Subscapularis m

Latissimus dorsi t and teres major m Triceps brachii m, lateral head Axillary n, posterior branch Triceps brachii m, long head

Teres major m Semispinalis thoracis m Erector spinae m Trapezius m

Axillary neurovascular bundle

Latissimus dorsi m

Scapula

Infraspinatus m

Serratus anterior m

Rhomboid major m

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE AND CHEST WALL  11

Figure 1.1.15

Biceps brachii m, short head

Pectoralis minor m

Coracobrachialis m

Pectoralis major m, costosternal head

Sternum Internal thoracic a and v

Biceps brachii m, long head

Ascending aorta

Cephalic v

Superior vena cava

Pectoralis major t Deltoid m

Right main pulmonary a

Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Thoracic vertebral body

Brachial neurovascular bundle

Rib Semispinalis thoracis m

Latissimus dorsi m

Erector spinae m

Triceps brachii m, long head Subscapularis m

Figure 1.1.16

Teres major m

Inferior scapular body

Coracobrachialis m

Pectoralis minor m

Serratus anterior m

Rhomboid major m

Trapezius m

Pectoralis major m, costosternal head

Sternum Biceps brachii m, long head

Internal thoracic a and v

Cephalic v

Ascending aorta

Biceps brachii m, short head

Superior vena cava

Deltoid m Humeral diaphysis Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Erector spinae m

Triceps brachii m, long head

Semispinalis thoracis m

Radial n and deep brachial a

Trapezius m

Latissimus dorsi m

Teres major m

Inferior scapula

Serratus anterior m

Rhomboid major m

12  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE AND CHEST WALL

Figure 1.1.17

Biceps brachii m, short head

Coracobrachialis m

Pectoralis minor m

Pectoralis major m, costosternal head

Internal thoracic a and v

Sternum Biceps brachii m, long head Cephalic v Deltoid m Humeral diaphysis Triceps brachii m, medial head

Erector spinae m

Radial n Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Semispinalis thoracis m

Triceps brachii m, long head

Trapezius m

Neurovascular bundle

Figure 1.1.18

Latissimus dorsi m

Biceps brachii m, short head

Teres major m

Coracobrachialis m

Serratus anterior m

Pectoralis minor m

Inferior medial scapula

Rhomboid major m

Pectoralis major m

Sternum Internal thoracic a and v

Cephalic v Biceps brachii m, long head Deltoid m Triceps brachii m, medial head Radial n

Right lung

Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Intercostal m Erector spinae m

Triceps brachii m, long head

Trapezius m

Brachial neurovascular bundle

Latissimus dorsi m

Long thoracic Serratus n and a anterior m

Inferior medial scapula

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE AND CHEST WALL  13

Figure 1.1.19

Biceps brachii m, short head

Pectoralis minor m

Pectoralis major m, costosternal head

Internal thoracic a and v

Sternum

Biceps brachii m, long head Cephalic v Coracobrachialis m Deltoid m Radial n and deep brachial a

Vertebral body Costovertebral joint

Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Erector spinae m

Triceps brachii m, long head

Trapezius m

Triceps brachii m, medial head

Brachial neurovascular bundle

Latissimus dorsi m

Serratus anterior m

Latissimus dorsi m

Rib

14  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE AND CHEST WALL

SAGITTAL Figure 1.2.1

Deltoid m

Deltoid m

Cephalic v Triceps brachii m, long head

Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Figure 1.2.2

Infraspinatus t

Deltoid m

Greater tuberosity of humerus Humeral head

Deltoid m

Cephalic v

Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Deltoid tuberosity

Triceps brachii m, long head

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE AND CHEST WALL  15

Figure 1.2.3

Infraspinatus t

Lateral edge of acromion

Supraspinatus t

Teres minor m and t Deltoid m

Humeral head

Biceps brachii t, long head

Posterior circumflex humeral a and axillary n Teres major m

Deltoid m

Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Cephalic v Deltoid tuberosity

Humeral diaphysis

Triceps brachii m, medial head Triceps brachii m, long head Biceps brachii m, long head

Figure 1.2.4

Acromion

Supraspinatus t

Infraspinatus t

Humeral head

Deltoid m

Subscapularis t Lesser tuberosity of humerus

Teres minor m

Deltoid m Posterior circumflex a and axillary n

Anterior circumflex humeral a

Teres major m Cephalic v Radial n and deep brachial a

Pectoralis major t

Biceps brachii m, short head

Triceps brachii m, medial head

Biceps brachii m, long head

Triceps brachii m

Humeral diaphysis

16  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE AND CHEST WALL

Figure 1.2.5

Supraspinatus m and t

Acromion Infraspinatus m and t

Coracoacromial lig

Deltoid m

Humeral head Deltoid m

Teres minor m Pectoralis major m Teres major m

Posterior circumflex a and axillary n

Latissimus dorsi t Latissimus dorsi m Radial n and deep brachial a

Biceps brachii m, short head, and coracobrachialis m

Brachial neurovascular bundle

Biceps brachii m

Figure 1.2.6

Distal clavicle Distal scapular spine

Supraspinatus m Coracoacromial lig Deltoid m

Infraspinatus m Deltoid m

Medial humeral head Teres minor m Glenoid

Subscapularis m Cephalic v

Teres major m Latissimus dorsi m

Pectoralis major m Biceps brachii m, short head

Brachial neurovascular bundle

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE AND CHEST WALL  17

Figure 1.2.7

Distal clavicle Trapezius m Scapular spine Deltoid m Supraspinatus m Coracoacromial lig Infraspinatus m

Coracohumeral lig Coracoid process

Suprascapular neurovascular bundle Scapula

Subscapularis m Biceps brachii m, short head, and coracobrachialis m

Teres minor m

Pectoralis major m, clavicular head Teres major m Pectoralis major m, sternocostal head Latissimus dorsi m

Axillary a and neurovascular bundle

Figure 1.2.8

Clavicle

Supraspinatus m

Trapezius m

Scapular spine

Deltoid m Coracoid process

Infraspinatus m

Subscapularis m Coracobrachialis m Axillary a Pectoralis major m, clavicular head

Scapula Teres minor m

Teres major m

Pectoralis major m, sternocostal head

Latissimus dorsi m

18  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE AND CHEST WALL

Figure 1.2.9

Trapezius m

Clavicle Supraspinatus m

Scapular spine

Deltoid m Infraspinatus m Cephalic v Pectoralis minor m Subscapularis m Axillary a Pectoralis major m, clavicular head

Teres major m

Scapula Pectoralis major m, sternocostal head

Latissimus dorsi m

Serratus anterior m Latissimus dorsi m

Figure 1.2.10

Trapezius m

Supraspinatus m Clavicle Subclavius m Cephalic v Infraspinatus m

Subscapularis m Pectoralis minor m Axillary a Axillary v

Teres major m Scapula Pectoralis major m Latissimus dorsi m Ribs

Latissimus dorsi m

Serratus anterior m

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE AND CHEST WALL  19

Figure 1.2.11

Trapezius m

Supraspinatus m Clavicle Scapular spine

Subclavius m Cephalic v

Subscapularis m

Pectoralis minor m Axillary a

Infraspinatus m

Axillary v

Teres major m Scapula

Pectoralis major m

Latissimus dorsi m

Ribs

Right lung

Latissimus dorsi m

Serratus anterior m

Figure 1.2.12

Inferior omohyoid m and t Supraspinatus m Subclavius m Clavicle

Trapezius m Medial scapular spine

Cephalic v Cords of brachial plexus

Subscapularis m

Axillary a Axillary v

Pectoralis minor m

Pectoralis major m

Right lung

Serratus anterior m

Infraspinatus m

Scapula, inferior angle

Serratus anterior m Latissimus dorsi m

20  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE AND CHEST WALL

Figure 1.2.13

Inferior omohyoid m and t Serratus anterior m Trapezius m

External jugular v

Supraspinatus m

Subclavius m Clavicle

Serratus anterior m

Cords of brachial plexus Axillary a Axillary v Pectoralis major m, clavicular head

Infraspinatus m

Pectoralis minor m Scapular body Ribs Pectoralis major m

Scapula, inferior angle Serratus anterior m

Right lung Latissimus dorsi m

Figure 1.2.14

External jugular v

Trapezius m Inferior omohyoid m Subclavius m

Cords of brachial plexus Serratus anterior m Supraspinatus m Scapula, medial margin

Clavicle Axillary a Axillary v

Serratus anterior m Trapezius m

Pectoralis major m, clavicular head Pectoralis minor m

Pectoralis major m, sternocostal head

Scapula, medial inferior margin

Rhomboid major m Posterior rib

Right lung

Intercostal m

Latissimus dorsi m

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE AND CHEST WALL  21

Figure 1.2.15

Cords of brachial plexus

Serratus anterior m Trapezius m

Subclavian v External jugular v

Levator scapulae m Subclavian a

Subclavius m

Serratus posterior superior m

Clavicle

Rhomboid minor m

Pectoralis major m, clavicular head

Rhomboid major m Posterior ribs

Posterior intercostal neurovascular bundle

Pectoralis major m, sternocostal head

Serratus posterior inferior m Internal intercostal m Latissimus dorsi m

Figure 1.2.16

Middle scalene m

Subclavian a Anterior scalene m Subclavian v

Posterior scalene m Trapezius m Levator scapulae m

Sternocleidomastoid m, clavicular head External jugular v

Serratus posterior superior m Rhomboid minor m

Clavicle Pectoralis major m, clavicular head Rhomboid major m Right lung Pectoralis major m, sternocostal head

Posterior rib Internal intercostal m Serratus posterior inferior m Latissimus dorsi m

Costal cartilage

22  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE AND CHEST WALL

Figure 1.2.17

Middle scalene m

Subclavian a

Posterior scalene m

Anterior scalene m Trapezius m

External jugular merging with subclavian v

Levator scapulae m

Sternocleidomastoid m, clavicular head

Rhomboid minor m Serratus posterior superior m

Anterior jugular v Clavicle

Rhomboid major m

Pectoralis major m, clavicular head Sternoclavicular joint, lateral aspect

Posterior rib Serratus posterior inferior m

Pectoralis major m, sternocostal head

Intercostal m

Costal cartilage Latissimus dorsi m

Figure 1.2.18

Middle scalene m

Trapezius m

Anterior scalene m

Splenius cervicis and splenius capitis mm Subclavian a

Rhomboid minor m Serratus posterior superior m

Sternocleidomastoid m, clavicular head Anterior jugular v Clavicle

Trapezius m Rhomboid major m

Pectoralis major m, clavicular head

Pectoralis major m, sternocostal head Posterior rib Intercostal m Costal cartilage Latissimus dorsi m Serratus posterior inferior m

Sternohyoid m

Subclavian v

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE AND CHEST WALL  23

Figure 1.2.19

Sternocleidomastoid m

Internal jugular v

Splenius cervicis and splenius capitis mm

Sternohyoid m Sternocleidomastoid m, clavicular head Anterior jugular v Brachiocephalic v

Semispinalis capitis m Trapezius m Posterior ribs medially Rhomboid major m

Medial clavicle Manubrium Pectoralis major m, costosternal head

Sternoclavicular joint

Trapezius m

Intercostal neurovascular bundle Costal cartilage, third rib Erector spinae m

Medial posterior rib

24  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE AND CHEST WALL

CORONAL Figure 1.3.1

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

Pectoralis major m, clavicular head

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Costal cartilage

Pectoralis major m, sternocostal head

Sternum

Internal thoracic a and v (internal mammary vessels)

Internal intercostal m

Figure 1.3.2

Clavicle

Trachea

Anterior deltoid m Articular disc in sternoclavicular joint

Pectoralis major m, clavicular head

Manubrium

Cephalic v Pectoralis major m, sternocostal head

Internal thoracic a and v (internal mammary vessels)

Costal cartilage

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE AND CHEST WALL  25

Figure 1.3.3

Clavicle

Sternocleidomastoid m, sternal head

Infrahyoid m

Deltoid m

Sternoclavicular joint

Pectoralis major m, clavicular head

Costoclavicular lig Manubrium

Cephalic v

Internal thoracic a and v

Pectoralis major m, sternocostal head

Figure 1.3.4

Coracoid process

Cephalic v

Shaft of clavicle

Subclavius m

Proximal end of clavicle

Thyroid cartilage Deltoid m Sternocleidomastoid m Conjoined t of coracobrachialis m and biceps brachii m, short head Biceps brachii m, long head Lesser tuberosity of humerus Deltoid m

Anterior jugular v Subclavian v Interclavicular lig

Pectoralis major m, clavicular head

Cephalic v Right lung Pectoralis major m, sternocostal head

26  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE AND CHEST WALL

Figure 1.3.5

Acromioclavicular joint

Coracoid process

Mid-clavicle Subclavius m

Sternocleidomastoid m

Acromion Common carotid a

Deltoid m

Trachea

Humeral head Greater tuberosity of humerus

Internal jugular v

Biceps brachii t, long head

Left brachiocephalic v

Deltoid m Cephalic v Right lung Lesser tuberosity of humerus

Pectoralis major m Conjoined t of coracobrachialis m and biceps brachii m, short head

Figure 1.3.6

Trapezoid lig, coracoclavicular portion

Pectoralis minor m

Coracoid process Clavicle

Subclavius m

Acromioclavicular joint Acromion

External jugular v

Sternocleidomastoid m

Internal jugular v

Supraspinatus t

Trachea Greater tuberosity of humerus Humeral head

Right common carotid a Brachiocephalic trunk

Subscapularis m Deltoid m

Superior vena cava Deltoid m Cephalic v

Ascending aorta

Deltoid m

Pectoralis minor m

Omohyoid m, inferior belly

Subclavian v

Right brachiocephalic v

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE AND CHEST WALL  27

Figure 1.3.7

Coracoid Trapezoid lig, coracoclavicular portion process

Cords of brachial plexus Axillary a

Omohyoid m, inferior belly

Distal clavicle

Anterior scalene m

Acromioclavicular joint Middle scalene m

Acromion

External jugular v

Supraspinatus t

Subclavian a and v

Humeral head Subscapularis m

Thyrocervical trunk

Greater tuberosity of humerus

Trachea Right brachiocephalic v

Deltoid m

Superior vena cava

Biceps brachii t, long head Cephalic v

Right lung Biceps brachii m

Biceps brachii m, Serratus Ribs short head anterior m Coracobrachialis m

Figure 1.3.8

Glenoid labrum

Axillary v

Supraspinatus m Trapezius m Inferior Distal end of Subscapularis m omohyoid m and t clavicle

Posterior sternocleidomastoid m Middle scalene m Acromion

Brachial plexus

Deltoid m

Subclavian a

Greater tuberosity of humerus

Brachial plexus Axillary a

Humeral head

Axillary v

Latissimus dorsi t Biceps brachii m, short head Coracobrachialis m

Biceps brachii m, long head Cephalic v

Serratus anterior m

Ribs

28  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE AND CHEST WALL

Figure 1.3.9

Scapular notch with suprascapular a and n

Trapezius m

Inferior Serratus omohyoid t anterior m

Levator scapulae m Multifidus m Posterior scalene m

Acromion

Middle scalene m

Supraspinatus m

Brachial plexus

Superior glenoid Greater tuberosity of humerus Humeral head

Thoracic vertebrae Subscapularis m

Deltoid m Teres major m and t Latissimus dorsi m

Biceps brachii m, short head

Biceps brachii m, long head

Coracobrachialis m

Axillary Serratus a and v anterior m

Figure 1.3.10 Subscapularis m

Supraspinatus m

Trapezius m

Ribs

Transverse cervical a and v

Dorsal scapular a and v

Posterior scalene m Acromion

Semispinalis capitis m Levator scapulae m

Scapular notch with suprascapular a and n Humeral head

Posterior scalene m Serratus anterior m

Glenoid

Thoracic vertebrae

Deltoid m Quadrangular space Teres major m

Subscapular a

Latissimus dorsi m Right lung

Humeral diaphysis Coracobrachialis m

Biceps brachii m

Brachial Circumflex Serratus Ribs a and v scapular a anterior m

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE AND CHEST WALL  29

Figure 1.3.11

Spinoglenoid notch Trapezius m with inferior suprascapular Serratus Transverse a and n Supraspinatus m anterior m cervical a and v Dorsal scapular a and v Semispinalis capitis m

Acromion

Splenius capitis m

Infraspinatus m

Levator scapulae m Quadrangular space

Posterior glenoid Teres minor m Deltoid m Axillary n and posterior circumflex humeral a Teres major m Latissimus dorsi m

Triceps brachii t, long head

Radial n and deep brachial a Humeral diaphysis Coracobrachialis m Biceps brachii m

Serratus Circumflex anterior m scapular a in triangular space

Figure 1.3.12

Transverse cervical a and v Scapular spine

Supraspinatus m

Trapezius m

Subscapularis m

Dorsal scapular a and v

Levator scapulae m Trapezius m Semispinalis cervicis and semispinalis capitis mm

Acromion

Splenius capitis m

Infraspinatus m Serratus anterior m

Teres minor m Deltoid m

Thoracic vertebral body

Axillary n, posterior branch Latissimus dorsi m Triceps brachii m, lateral head Radial n and deep brachial a

Right lung

Humeral diaphysis

Brachial neurovascular bundle

Teres Circumflex major m scapular a

Serratus Subscapularis m anterior m

30  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE AND CHEST WALL

Figure 1.3.13

Subscapularis m Supraspinatus m Supraspinatus m

Serratus Levator Semispinalis anterior m scapulae m capitis m

Trapezius m

Infraspinatus m Subscapularis m Multifidus m

Teres minor m

Rotatores thoracis m Triceps brachii m, long head Rib Deltoid m Teres major m Triceps brachii m, lateral head Thoracic vertebral body

Radial n Triceps brachii m, medial head

Posterior intercostal a and v

Humeral diaphysis Intervertebral disc Latissimus dorsi m

Figure 1.3.14

Circumflex scapular a

Serratus anterior m

Scapula, superior margin Scapular spine

Supraspinatus m

Serratus Trapezius m anterior m

Levator scapulae m

Splenius capitis m Infraspinatus m Scapular body

Semispinalis capitis m

Deltoid m Rotatores thoracis mm

Teres minor m Triceps brachii m, long head Teres major m Latissimus dorsi m

Right lung

Triceps brachii m, lateral head Radial n

Posterior intercostal a and v

Triceps brachii m, medial head Humeral diaphysis Circumflex Latissimus Serratus scapular a dorsi m anterior m

Subscapularis m

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE AND CHEST WALL  31

Figure 1.3.15

Infraspinatus m

Scapular body

Scapular spine

Trapezius m

Levator Splenius scapulae m capitis m

Teres minor m

Spinalis thoracis m Semispinalis capitis m Serratus posterior superior m

Deltoid m

Subscapularis m

Teres major m Triceps brachii m, lateral head Triceps brachii m, long head

Costotransverse joints

Triceps brachii m, medial head

Posterior intercostal a and v

Radial n Humeral diaphysis Latissimus dorsi m

Serratus Ribs anterior m

Long thoracic neurovascular bundle

Figure 1.3.16

Subscapularis m Scapular Infraspinatus m body

Serratus posterior superior m Trapezius m

Scapular spine

Rhomboid minor m Semispinalis thoracis m Semispinalis capitis m

Deltoid m Teres minor m

Costotransverse joint

Teres major m Spinal cord Triceps brachii m, long head Intercostal vessels and nn

Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Latissimus dorsi m

Ribs Serratus anterior m

32  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE AND CHEST WALL

Figure 1.3.17

Teres minor m

Medial inferior scapula

Infraspinatus m

Serratus anterior m

Trapezius m

Rhomboid minor m

Splenius capitis and splenius cervicis mm Deltoid m

Semispinalis thoracis m

Teres major m

Costovertebral joint

Triceps brachii m, long head

Levator costae m

Latissimus dorsi m

Figure 1.3.18

Infraspinatus m

Serratus anterior m

Scapular Subscapularis m body

Serratus anterior m Trapezius m

Rhomboid minor m Teres minor m Rhomboid major m

Deltoid m Erector spinae m Teres major m

Posterior rib Intercostal m

Triceps brachii m, long head

Levator costae m Costotransverse joint

Latissimus dorsi m

Serratus Intercostal vessels anterior m and nn

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE AND CHEST WALL  33

Figure 1.3.19

Deltoid m

Infraspinatus m

Trapezius m

Teres major m Rib

Inferior scapula Triceps brachii m, long head

Intercostal m

Semispinalis thoracis m Erector spinae m Latissimus dorsi m

Figure 1.3.20

Teres major m

Serratus anterior m

Infraspinatus m

Trapezius m

Rhomboid major m

Inferior scapula

Spinous process, thoracic spine

Triceps brachii m, long head

Semispinalis thoracis m Latissimus dorsi m

Serratus anterior m

Latissimus dorsi m

Erector spinae m

2

Chapter

MRI of the Shoulder

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE SHOULDER  35

Table 2-1.  Muscles of the Shoulder MUSCLE

ORIGIN

INSERTION

NERVE SUPPLY

Pectoralis major

Medial half of the anterior surface of the clavicle, side and front of the sternum as far as the 6th costal cartilage, front and surfaces of the cartilage of the 2nd through 6th ribs, osseous ends of the 6th and 7th ribs, and aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique

Crest of the greater tubercle of the humerus, lateral lip of the intertubercular groove, deltoid tubercle, and fibrous periosteum of the intertubercular sulcus

Lateral and medial pectoral (C5 and C6 for the clavicular part, and C7, C8, and T1 for the sternocostal part)

Pectoralis minor

Aponeurotic slips from the 2nd through 5th ribs, near costal cartilages

Anterior half of the medial border and upper surface of the coracoid process of the scapula

Medial and lateral pectoral (C6, C7, C8)

Subclavius

First rib and its cartilage

Inferior surface of the clavicle between the costal and coracoid tuberosities

Nerve to subclavian (C5 or C5 and C6)

Deltoid

Lateral border and upper surface of the lateral third of the clavicle, the acromion, and the scapular spine

Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus

Axillary (C5, C6)

Supraspinatus

Supraspinous fossa and investing fascia

Shoulder capsule and superior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus

Suprascapular (C4, C5, C6)

Infraspinatus

Infraspinous fossa, scapular spine, investing (deep) fascia, and adjacent aponeurotic septa

Shoulder capsule and middle facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus

Suprascapular (C4, C5, C6)

Teres minor

Upper two thirds of the axillary border of the scapula

Shoulder capsule and inferior facet of the greater tubercle of the humerus

Axillary (C4, C5, C6)

Subscapularis

Subscapularis fossa

Shoulder capsule and lesser tubercle of humerus and its shaft immediately below the tubercle

Two or three subscapular branches from posterior cord and upper and lower subscapular (C5, C6, C7)

Teres major

Inferior angle of the scapula

Medial lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus

Lower subscapular (C6, C7)

Latissimus dorsi

Spine and interspinous ligaments of the lower five or six thoracic vertebrae, upper lumbar vertebrae, thoracodorsal fascia, posterior third of the crest of the ilium, and the lateral surface and upper edge of the lower three or four ribs

Muscle tendon inserts onto the ventral side of the lesser tubercle of the humerus and onto the floor of the intertubercular groove ventral to the tendon of the teres major. The tendon may extend to the greater tubercle of the humerus.

Thoracodorsal (C6, C7, C8)

36  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE SHOULDER

AXIAL

Figure 2.1.1

Trapezius m

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

Figure 2.1.2

Distal acromion

Acromioclavicular joint

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Distal clavicle

Trapezius m

Thoracoacromial a, clavicular branch

Trapezius m

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE SHOULDER  37

Figure 2.1.3

Capsule of acromioclavicular joint

Distal clavicle

Deltoid m Trapezius m

Acromion

Supraspinatus m

Trapezius m

Thoracoacromial a, acromial branch

Figure 2.1.4

Capsule of acromioclavicular joint

Deltoid m

Distal clavicle

Trapezius m Thoracoacromial a and v, acromial branch

Deltoid m

Supraspinatus m

Acromion

Scapular spine

38  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE SHOULDER

Figure 2.1.5

Supraspinatus t

Coracoacromial lig

Thoracoacromial a and v, Deltoid m acromial branch Clavicle

Deltoid m

Supraspinatus m

Deltoid m

Figure 2.1.6

Deltoid m

Coracoacromial lig

Scapular spine

Coracoclavicular lig, trapezoid portion

Coracoclavicular lig, conoid portion

Subclavius m

Clavicle Deltoid m Suprascapular aa

Inferior omohyoid m and t

Supraspinatus m

Deltoid m

Infraspinatus m

Scapular spine

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE SHOULDER  39

Figure 2.1.7

Biceps brachii t, long head

Coracoacromial lig

Coracoclavicular lig, Coracoclavicular lig, trapezoid portion conoid portion

Clavicle Supraspinatus t

Subclavius m Suprascapular a, v, and n

Humeral head Deltoid m

Inferior omohyoid t Serratus anterior m

Biceps anchor

Supraspinatus m

Infraspinatus t

Figure 2.1.8

Deltoid m

Deltoid m

Superior glenohumeral lig

Scapular spine

Infraspinatus m

Attachment of Coracoacromial lig Coracohumeral lig coracoclavicular lig

Supraspinatus t Greater tuberosity of humerus Humeral head

Subclavius m Coracoid process

Deltoid m

Suprascapular a and n

Infraspinatus t

Subscapularis m

Supraspinatus m Glenoid

Deltoid m

Scapular spine

Infraspinatus m

40  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE SHOULDER

Figure 2.1.9

Transverse humeral lig

Biceps brachii t, long head

Blended coracohumeral and superior glenohumeral ligs

Deltoid m

Coracoacromial lig

Coracoid process Subclavius m

Greater tuberosity of humerus

Middle glenohumeral lig

Humeral head

Glenoid Deltoid m Subscapularis m

Infraspinatus t

Figure 2.1.10

Biceps brachii t, long head

Glenoid articular cartilage

Deltoid m

Superior Infraspinatus m transverse scapular lig

Middle Subscapularis t glenohumeral lig

Scapular spine

Coracoid process

Pectoralis major m Cephalic v

Greater tuberosity of humerus Humeral head

Glenoid Spinoglenoid notch

Deltoid m

Subscapularis m

Deltoid m

Infraspinatus Posterior m and t glenoid labrum

Articular cartilage, Suprascapular humeral head a and n

Scapular spine

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE SHOULDER  41

Figure 2.1.11

Conjoined t of coracobrachialis m and biceps brachii m, short head Lesser Coracoid Pectoralis Biceps brachii t, tuberosity of humerus Subscapularis t process Deltoid m minor t long head

Pectoralis major m Cephalic v Thoracoacromial a, deltoid branch

Bicipital (intertubercular) groove Greater tuberosity of humerus

Anterior glenoid labrum Glenoid

Humeral head

Glenoid neck

Deltoid m

Subscapularis m

Infraspinatus t

Scapula

Deltoid m

Figure 2.1.12

Infraspinatus m

Lesser Subscapularis t Anterior glenoid Coracoid Biceps brachii t, tuberosity of humerus Deltoid m labrum process long head

Suprascapular a and n

Pectoralis minor t Cephalic v

Pectoralis major m Bicipital (intertubercular) groove

Pectoralis minor m Axillary a and v

Greater tuberosity of humerus Deltoid m

Glenoid neck

Humeral head

Subscapularis m

Scapular body

Deltoid m

Infraspinatus t

Posterior glenoid labrum

Glenoid

Infraspinatus m

42  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE SHOULDER

Figure 2.1.13

Lesser tuberosity of humerus

Deltoid m

Biceps brachii Cephalic v in Coracobrachialis deltopectoral m and t, Subscapularis t m and t short head triangle

Biceps brachii t, long head

Pectoralis major m

Pectoralis minor m Axillary v Axillary a

Humerus

Anterior inferior labrum Subscapularis m

Deltoid m

Glenoid neck

Scapular body

Deltoid m

Figure 2.1.14

Infraspinatus m

Biceps Transverse brachii t, humeral lig long head

Posterior glenoid labrum

Glenoid

Biceps brachii m and t, short head Coracobrachialis Deltoid m m and t

Infraspinatus m

Cephalic v in deltopectoral triangle

Pectoralis major m Pectoralis minor m Lymph node Axillary v Axillary a Deltoid m Subscapularis m Humerus

Teres minor m

Posterior glenoid labrum

Glenoid

Infraspinatus m

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE SHOULDER  43

Figure 2.1.15

Biceps brachii m and t, Coracobrachialis Biceps brachii t, short head long head Deltoid m m and t

Cephalic v in deltopectoral triangle

Pectoralis major m

Transverse humeral lig

Pectoralis minor m Lymph node Axillary v

Humerus

Axillary a

Deltoid m Subscapularis m

Teres minor m

Figure 2.1.16

Posterior inferior glenoid labrum

Scapular neck

Infraspinatus m

Biceps brachii t, Biceps brachii m and t, Cephalic v in Deltoid m long head short head deltopectoral triangle

Scapular body

Coracobrachialis m and t

Pectoralis major m

Pectoralis minor m Axillary v Axillary a Subscapular a

Deltoid m Humerus

Subscapularis m

Scapular body

Deltoid m

Teres minor m

Posterior inferior glenoid labrum

Triceps brachii t, long head

Infraspinatus m

44  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE SHOULDER

Figure 2.1.17

Biceps brachii t, long head

Deltoid m

Anterior Biceps brachii inferior m and t, glenohumeral lig and capsule short head

Cephalic v in deltopectoral triangle

Pectoralis major m

Pectoralis minor m Coracobrachialis m and t Axillary v Axillary a

Humerus

Subscapular a Subscapularis m

Deltoid m

Scapular body

Deltoid m

Figure 2.1.18

Triceps brachii t, long head

Teres minor m

Anterior Biceps Latissimus dorsi and inferior glenohumeral brachii m and t, lig and capsule teres major tt short head

Cephalic v in deltopectoral triangle Deltoid m

Pectoralis major m Pectoralis minor m

Biceps brachii t, long head

Coracobrachialis m Axillary v Axillary a

Humerus Subscapular a Subscapularis m Deltoid m

Posterior circumflex humeral a and axillary n

Scapular body

Teres minor m

Triceps brachii m, long head

Triceps brachii t, long head

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE SHOULDER  45

Figure 2.1.19

Latissimus dorsi and teres major tt

Biceps brachii m, short head

Cephalic v in deltopectoral triangle

Pectoralis major m

Pectoralis minor m

Deltoid m Biceps brachii t, long head

Coracobrachialis m Axillary v Axillary a

Humeral diaphysis

Subscapular a Subscapularis m

Triceps brachii m, lateral head Deltoid m

Teres major m

Scapular body

Teres minor m

Posterior circumflex humeral a and axillary n

Figure 2.1.20

Triceps brachii m and t, long head

Latissimus dorsi and Biceps brachii m, teres major tt short head

Latissimus dorsi m

Cephalic v in deltopectoral triangle

Pectoralis major m Pectoralis minor m Biceps brachii t, long head

Coracobrachialis m Axillary v Axillary a

Humeral diaphysis

Subscapular a Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Subscapularis m

Teres major m

Deltoid m

Scapula Teres minor m

Triceps brachii m, Posterior circumflex Triceps brachii m and t, long head humeral a and axillary n long head

Latissimus dorsi m

46  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE SHOULDER

OBLIQUE SAGITTAL Figure 2.2.1

Deltoid m

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Figure 2.2.2 Deltoid m

Humeral epiphysis (greater tuberosity)

Humeral physis

Deltoid m

Deltoid m

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE SHOULDER  47

Figure 2.2.3

Supraspinatus t insertion

Humeral epiphysis (greater tuberosity)

Infraspinatus t insertion

Humeral physis Deltoid m Humeral metaphysis

Deltoid m

Figure 2.2.4

Supraspinatus t

Biceps brachii t, long head

Infraspinatus t insertion

Humeral epiphysis Humeral physis

Humeral metaphysis Deltoid m

Deltoid m

48  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE SHOULDER

Figure 2.2.5

Supraspinatus t

Infraspinatus t

Deltoid m

Deltoid m Biceps brachii t, long head

Humeral head

Lesser tuberosity of humerus

Teres minor t

Humeral physis Biceps brachii t, long head

Humerus Deltoid m Deltoid m

Figure 2.2.6

Coracohumeral lig

Supraspinatus t

Deltoid m

Infraspinatus t

Rotator cuff interval Biceps brachii t, long head Subscapularis t insertion

Humeral head

Lesser tuberosity of humerus

Teres minor t

Deltoid m Anterior circumflex humeral a

Deltoid m

Cephalic v

Humerus

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE SHOULDER  49

Figure 2.2.7

Rotator cuff interval Coracohumeral lig Supraspinatus m

Deltoid m

Biceps brachii t, long head Supraspinatus t

Deltoid m

Infraspinatus t

Coracohumeral and superior glenohumeral ligs

Humeral head

Subscapularis t Humeral epiphysis

Teres minor t

Teres minor m Deltoid m

Anterior circumflex humeral a

Posterior circumflex humeral a and axillary n

Deltoid m Cephalic v

Triceps brachii m, long head

Biceps brachii m, long head

Figure 2.2.8

Humerus

Coracohumeral lig Supraspinatus m and t

Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Acromion

Humeral head

Biceps brachii t, long head Infraspinatus t

Coracohumeral and superior glenohumeral ligs Subscapularis t

Teres minor t

Deltoid m

Teres minor m

Anterior circumflex humeral a Posterior circumflex humeral a and axillary n

Cephalic v

Pectoralis major m

Deltoid m

Triceps brachii m, long head Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Biceps brachii m, short head

Latissimus dorsi and teres major tt

Humerus

50  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE SHOULDER

Figure 2.2.9

Biceps brachii t, long head

Acromion

Supraspinatus m and t

Deltoid m

Deltoid m Blended superior glenohumeral and coracohumeral ligs, roof of rotator interval

Infraspinatus t

Subscapularis t

Humeral head

Biceps brachii t, short head

Teres minor m and t

Deltoid m

Deltoid m

Anterior circumflex humeral a

Posterior circumflex humeral a and axillary n

Cephalic v

Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Pectoralis major m

Triceps brachii m, long head

Biceps brachii m, short head

Biceps brachii m, short head

Figure 2.2.10

Biceps brachii t, long head

Latissimus dorsi and teres major tt

Humeral diaphysis

Supraspinatus m and t

Acromion Coracoacromial lig Coracohumeral lig

Infraspinatus m and t

Superior glenohumeral lig

Humeral epiphysis

Coracoid process Teres minor m

Subscapularis t Deltoid m

Deltoid m

Cephalic vein in the deltopectoral triangle

Posterior circumflex humeral a and axillary n

Anterior circumflex humeral a Pectoralis major m

Triceps brachii m, long head

Biceps brachii m, short head

Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Coracobrachialis m

Latissimus dorsi and teres major tt Teres major m

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE SHOULDER  51

Figure 2.2.11

Acromion

Coracohumeral lig Biceps brachii t, long head

Deltoid m Supraspinatus m

Coracoacromial lig Superior glenohumeral lig

Infraspinatus m Humeral epiphysis

Coracoid process

Deltoid m

Deltoid m

Teres minor m

Subscapularis m and t Cephalic v Coracobrachialis m and biceps brachii m, short head

Posterior circumflex humeral a and axillary n Triceps brachii m, long head

Pectoralis major m

Latissimus dorsi and teres major tt

Figure 2.2.12

Superior glenohumeral lig

Teres major m

Acromioclavicular joint

Latissimus dorsi m

Acromion

Supraspinatus m Biceps brachii t, long head Coracoacromial lig

Infraspinatus m

Coracohumeral lig

Deltoid m

Coracoid process Deltoid m Subscapularis m

Teres minor m

Cephalic v Triceps brachii t, long head Pectoralis major m Coracobrachialis m

Triceps brachii m, long head

Posterior circumflex humeral a and axillary n

Teres major m

Latissimus dorsi m

52  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE SHOULDER

Figure 2.2.13

Biceps anchor at supraglenoid tubercle

Clavicle

Acromioclavicular lig and joint capsule

Acromioclavicular joint

Acromion

Supraspinatus m

Coracohumeral lig Deltoid m

Infraspinatus m

Coracoid process

Posterior superior labrum

Pectoralis minor t

Deltoid m

Cephalic v

Teres minor m

Coracobrachialis m

Glenoid

Anterior circumflex humeral a

Subscapularis m

Posterior circumflex humeral a and axillary n

Triceps brachii m, long head

Teres major m Pectoralis major m Axillary a

Radial n

Figure 2.2.14

Coracoid process

Clavicle

Latissimus dorsi m

Triceps brachii t, Triceps brachii m, long head long head

Supraspinatus m

Acromioclavicular lig Scapular spine

Deltoid m

Infraspinatus m

Pectoralis minor t

Deltoid m

Glenoid Cephalic v

Teres minor m

Subscapularis m

Infraglenoid tubercle

Triceps brachii m, long head Teres major m

Pectoralis major m

Axillary a

Latissimus dorsi m

Triceps brachii t, long head

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE SHOULDER  53

Figure 2.2.15

Supraspinatus m

Scapular spine

Clavicle

Deltoid m

Deltoid m

Base of coracoid process

Infraspinatus m

Pectoralis minor t Cephalic v

Scapular neck Teres minor m

Pectoralis major m Triceps brachii m, long head Axillary a Cord of brachial plexus

Subscapular a

Figure 2.2.16

Clavicle

Axillary v

Circumflex scapular a

Supraspinatus m

Latissimus dorsi m

Trapezius m

Teres major m

Scapular spine

Coracoclavicular lig, trapezoid portion Deltoid m

Deltoid m Infraspinatus m

Base of coracoid process Cephalic v

Suprascapular a and n in spinoglenoid notch Teres minor m

Pectoralis minor m

Subscapularis m Triceps brachii m, long head

Axillary a Pectoralis major m

Axillary lymph node

Teres major m

Axillary v

Latissimus dorsi m

Circumflex scapular a

54  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE SHOULDER

Figure 2.2.17

Supraspinatus m

Trapezius m

Scapular spine

Clavicle Coracoclavicular lig, trapezoid portion Deltoid m

Deltoid m Infraspinatus m

Cephalic v

Pectoralis major m

Teres minor m

Axillary a Pectoralis minor m

Triceps brachii m, long head

Teres major m Latissimus dorsi m

Axillary v

Figure 2.2.18

Subscapular a

Clavicle

Subscapularis m

Trapezius m Supraspinatus m Scapular spine

Coracoclavicular lig, conoid portion Deltoid m Deltoid m

Cephalic v

Infraspinatus m

Pectoralis major m

Scapular body Teres minor m

Axillary a

Pectoralis minor m

Circumflex scapular a Teres major m

Axillary v

Subscapularis m

Latissimus dorsi m

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE SHOULDER  55

Figure 2.2.19

Coracoclavicular lig, conoid portion

Supraspinatus m

Trapezius m

Scapular spine Clavicle

Deltoid m Cephalic v Infraspinatus m Pectoralis major m

Scapular body

Axillary a and v

Teres minor m

Pectoralis minor m

Teres major m

Rib

Superior cord of brachial plexus

Lymph node

Subscapularis m

Latissimus dorsi m

Figure 2.2.20 Trapezius m

Supraspinatus m

Clavicle

Scapular spine

Deltoid m

Subclavius m Cephalic v

Infraspinatus m

Axillary a

Scapular body

Pectoralis minor m Teres minor m

Axillary v

Teres major m Rib

Latissimus dorsi m Long thoracic a and n

Subscapularis m

56  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE SHOULDER

OBLIQUE CORONAL Figure 2.3.1

Clavicle

Thoracoacromial a Inferior omohyoid m

Trapezius m Suprascapular a and n Serratus anterior m

Subclavius m

Subscapularis m Rib Deltoid m Axillary a Axillary v Cephalic v Pectoralis major m

Pectoralis major m

Figure 2.3.2

Clavicle

Thoracoacromial a

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

= = = = = = = = = = = =

Suprascapular a

Trapezius m

Coracoclavicular lig, conoid portion

Pectoralis minor t

Serratus anterior m Inferior omohyoid m Subscapularis m Rib

Deltoid m

Axillary a Axillary v Cephalic v Pectoralis major m

Pectoralis major m

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE SHOULDER  57

Figure 2.3.3

Coracoclavicular lig, Coracoclavicular lig, Thoracoacromial a, trapezoid portion Clavicle conoid portion acromial branch

Trapezius m Thoracoacromial a, clavicular branch Serratus anterior m Suprascapular a

Deltoid m

Inferior omohyoid m and t

Coracoid process

Subscapularis m

Coracobrachialis t and biceps brachii t, short head Deltoid m

Cephalic v

Pectoralis major m Axillary a

Figure 2.3.4

Clavicle

Thoracoacromial a, acromial branch

Axillary v

Trapezius m

Serratus anterior m Suprascapular a and n Coracoid process

Coracohumeral lig Coracobrachialis t and biceps brachii t, short head

Serratus anterior m Subscapularis m

Deltoid m Rib

Cephalic v

Pectoralis major m and t

Coracobrachialis m

Axillary a

Axillary v

58  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE SHOULDER

Figure 2.3.5

Clavicle

Coracoid process Thoracoacromial a, acromial branch Trapezius m Thoracoacromial a, clavicular branch Supraspinatus m

Coracohumeral lig

Suprascapular a and n

Subscapularis t Deltoid m

Subscapularis m Rib

Deltoid m

Thoracodorsal a

Cephalic v

Biceps brachii m and t, short head

Figure 2.3.6

Coracobrachialis m

Acromioclavicular joint

Clavicle

Axillary a

Coracoid process

Axillary v

Thoracoacromial a, acromial branch

Trapezius m Thoracoacromial a, clavicular branch Supraspinatus m

Deltoid m Coracohumeral lig

Suprascapular a and n Subscapularis t Subscapularis m

Deltoid m

Biceps brachii m, short head

Subscapular a Axillary v

Cephalic v

Coracobrachialis m

Axillary a

Lymph node

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE SHOULDER  59

Figure 2.3.7

Acromion

Acromioclavicular Superior labrum/ joint biceps anchor Clavicle

Glenoid

Trapezius m

Deltoid m Blended superior glenohumeral and coracohumeral ligs

Supraspinatus m

Superior glenohumeral lig

Suprascapular a and n

Lesser tuberosity of humerus Deltoid m Subscapularis t Posterior circumflex humeral a and axillary n Coracobrachialis m

Biceps brachii m, short head

Axillary a

Figure 2.3.8

Biceps brachii t, long head

Circumflex scapular a

Subscapularis m

Superior labrum

Trapezius m

Acromion Deltoid m

Supraspinatus m

Coracohumeral lig

Sublabral sulcus Suprascapular a and n

Supraspinatus t

Glenoid Humeral head

Anterior circumflex humeral a

Deltoid m

Circumflex scapular a Subscapularis m

Biceps brachii m and t, short head

Coracobrachialis m

Posterior circumflex humeral a and axillary n

Brachial a

60  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE SHOULDER

Figure 2.3.9

Superior labrum

Acromion

Articular cartilage

Glenoid

Trapezius m

Supraspinatus m

Supraspinatus t

Suprascapular a and n Biceps brachii t, long head Humeral head Anterior circumflex humeral a

Subscapularis m Posterior circumflex humeral a and axillary n Circumflex scapular a

Deltoid m Biceps brachii m, short head Biceps brachii m and t, long head

Coracobrachialis m

Figure 2.3.10

Brachial a

Glenoid

Acromion

Basilic v

Suprascapular a and n in suprascapular notch

Trapezius m

Deltoid m Supraspinatus t

Supraspinatus m

Superior labrum Greater tuberosity of humerus

Scapula

Humeral head Deltoid m Inferior labrum Capsular ligs Subscapularis m Circumflex scapular a

Biceps brachii m, short head

Latissimus dorsi m

Biceps brachii m and t, long head

Radial n and deep brachial a

Deltoid m

Coracobrachialis m

Posterior circumflex humeral a and axillary n

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE SHOULDER  61

Figure 2.3.11

Superior transverse Suprascapular a and n Superior scapular lig in suprascapular notch labrum Acromion

Trapezius m

Deltoid m Supraspinatus m

Supraspinatus m

Supraspinatus t Greater tuberosity of humerus Humeral head

Infraspinatus m Glenoid

Deltoid m Humeral surgical neck

Teres major m

Capsular ligs Posterior circumflex humeral a and axillary n

Circumflex scapular a

Biceps brachii m, Biceps brachii m, Coracobrachialis m long head short head

Figure 2.3.12

Supraspinatus m

Acromion

Latissimus dorsi m

Suprascapular a and n in spinoglenoid notch

Teres major m

Scapular spine

Deltoid m Junction of infraspinatus and supraspinatus tt

Trapezius m

Greater tuberosity of humerus Infraspinatus m

Humeral head

Glenoid

Humeral surgical neck Capsular ligs Posterior circumflex humeral a and axillary n Deltoid m

Teres major m Scapula

Coracobrachialis m

Latissimus dorsi m

Circumflex scapular a

62  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE SHOULDER

Figure 2.3.13

Deltoid m

Acromion

Glenoid

Deltoid t Infraspinatus t Humeral head Greater tuberosity of humerus

Scapular spine

Infraspinatus m Humeral surgical neck

Circumflex vessels Capsular ligs Posterior circumflex humeral a and axillary n

Infraspinatus m Teres major m Scapular body

Deltoid m

Humerus

Figure 2.3.14

Deltoid t

Coracobrachialis m

Angle of acromion

Latissimus dorsi m

Deltoid m

Deltoid m Humeral head Infraspinatus t Infraspinatus m

Humeral surgical neck Deltoid m

Triceps brachii m, long head

Posterior circumflex humeral a and axillary n in quadrangular space Radial n and deep brachial a

Teres minor m Scapula

Humeral diaphysis Teres major m Triceps brachii m, long head Latissimus dorsi m

Triangular space (contains circumflex scapular a)

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE SHOULDER  63

Figure 2.3.15

Angle of acromion

Infraspinatus m and t

Deltoid m

Deltoid t

Infraspinatus t Humeral head

Triceps brachii m, long head

Deltoid m Teres minor m

Posterior circumflex humeral a and axillary n in quadrangular space

Circumflex scapular a

Deltoid m Teres major m

Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Humerus Triceps brachii m, long head

Figure 2.3.16

Infraspinatus t

Deltoid m

Latissimus dorsi m

Infraspinatus m

Deltoid m

Humeral head Teres minor m

Circumflex scapular a

Deltoid m Teres minor m Posterior circumflex humeral a and axillary n

Teres major m

Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Latissimus dorsi m

Humerus Triceps brachii m, long head

64  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE SHOULDER

Figure 2.3.17

Deltoid m

Infraspinatus t

Teres minor m and t

Deltoid m

Infraspinatus m

Deltoid m Circumflex scapular a

Posterior circumflex humeral a and axillary n

Teres major m

Latissimus dorsi m Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Figure 2.3.18

Deltoid m

Triceps brachii m, long head

Deltoid m

Deltoid m Teres minor m

Latissimus dorsi m

Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Triceps brachii m, long head

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE SHOULDER  65

Figure 2.3.19

Deltoid m

Deltoid m

Latissimus dorsi m

Triceps brachii m, long head

Figure 2.3.20

Deltoid m

Deltoid m

Triceps brachii m, long head

Latissimus dorsi m

3

Chapter

MR Arthrography of the Shoulder

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE SHOULDER  67

AXIAL Figure 3.1.1

Supraspinatus t Clavicle Biceps brachii t, long head Coracoid process

Humeral head

Superior glenoid, supraglenoid tubercle

Deltoid m

Infraspinatus t Scapular spine

Deltoid m

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

Figure 3.1.2

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Deltoid m

Humeral head Supraspinatus t

Biceps brachii t, long head Superior glenohumeral lig

Deltoid m Anterior superior labrum Glenoid articular cartilage

Coracoid process

Glenoid

Infraspinatus t Spinoglenoid notch

Posterior superior labrum Infraspinatus m

Scapular spine Subscapularis m

68  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE SHOULDER

Figure 3.1.3

Deltoid m

Biceps brachii t, long head Coracoacromial lig

Supraspinatus t

Superior glenohumeral lig

Humeral head

Coracoid process

Infraspinatus t Anterior labrum

Middle glenohumeral lig

Glenoid articular cartilage

Glenoid

Posterior labrum

Spinoglenoid notch

Scapular spine

Subscapularis m Infraspinatus m

Figure 3.1.4

Deltoid m Biceps brachii t, long head Greater tuberosity of humerus

Infraspinatus t Anterior labrum

Humeral head

Coracoacromial lig

Coracoid process Coracohumeral lig Middle glenohumeral lig Subscapularis t

Posterior labrum

Glenoid

Infraspinatus m

Subscapularis m

Scapular body

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE SHOULDER  69

Figure 3.1.5

Deltoid m

Biceps brachii t, long head Coracoacromial lig

Greater tuberosity of humerus

Coracoid process Superior subscapular recess

Subscapularis t Humeral head

Middle glenohumeral lig

Anterior labrum Infraspinatus t

Glenoid articular cartilage Posterior labrum

Subscapularis m Capsular insertion

Infraspinatus m

Scapular body

Figure 3.1.6

Bicipital (intertubercular) groove

Greater tuberosity of humerus Lesser tuberosity of humerus Subscapularis t

Biceps brachii t, long head Coracoacromial lig Pectoralis minor t Coracoid process

Humeral head Anterior labrum Teres minor t Posterior labrum

Middle glenohumeral lig Articular cartilage Glenoid

Deltoid m Subscapularis m

Scapular body

70  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE SHOULDER

Figure 3.1.7

Bicipital (intertubercular) groove Biceps brachii t, long head

Greater tuberosity of humerus

Biceps brachii t, short head Coracobrachialis t

Lesser tuberosity of humerus

Pectoralis minor t

Subscapularis t

Coracoid process Teres minor t

Middle glenohumeral lig

Anterior labrum Posterior labrum

Glenoid

Deltoid m

Subscapularis m

Scapular body

Figure 3.1.8 Deltoid m

Bicipital (intertubercular) groove Biceps brachii t, long head

Greater tuberosity of humerus Lesser tuberosity of humerus

Biceps brachii t, short head Coracobrachialis t

Middle glenohumeral lig merging with subscapularis t

Teres minor t

Articular cartilage Posterior inferior labrum

Capsular insertion

Glenoid Deltoid m Teres minor m

Subscapularis m

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE SHOULDER  71

Figure 3.1.9

Crest of greater tuberosity Biceps brachii t, long head Biceps brachii t, short head Coracobrachialis t

Bicipital (intertubercular) groove

Crest of lesser tuberosity

Humeral surgical neck

Inferior glenohumeral lig, anterior band

Teres minor m

Inferior glenoid, infraglenoid tubercle

Posterior inferior labrum

Figure 3.1.10

Crest of greater tuberosity

Biceps brachii t, long head Biceps brachii t, short head Bicipital (intertubercular) groove Humeral surgical neck

Coracobrachialis t Crest of lesser tuberosity Inferior glenohumeral lig, anterior bands

Teres minor m Axillary pouch

Triceps brachii t, long head

72  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE SHOULDER

OBLIQUE SAGITTAL Figure 3.2.1 Infraspinatus t Supraspinatus t

Deltoid m

Teres minor t

Greater tuberosity of humerus Deltoid m artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Figure 3.2.2 Acromion Infraspinatus t Supraspinatus t

Humeral head

Subscapularis t Teres minor t Biceps brachii t, long head Deltoid m

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE SHOULDER  73

Figure 3.2.3 Acromion Coracoacromial lig Infraspinatus t Supraspinatus t

Humeral head Deltoid m

Teres minor t

Rotator cuff interval Subscapularis t

Lesser tuberosity of humerus

Humeral surgical neck

Biceps brachii t, long head

Figure 3.2.4

Supraspinatus t Acromion

Infraspinatus t Humeral head Biceps brachii t, long head

Coracoacromial lig

Rotator cuff interval Subscapularis t

Teres minor t

Lesser tuberosity of humerus

Deltoid m

Deltoid m

Humeral surgical neck

74  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE SHOULDER

Figure 3.2.5

Acromion

Supraspinatus t Coracoacromial lig Infraspinatus t Biceps brachii t, long head

Coracohumeral lig

Rotator cuff interval

Humeral head Subscapularis t

Teres minor t

Humeral surgical neck

Lesser tuberosity of humerus

Figure 3.2.6 Acromion Acromioclavicular joint Supraspinatus t

Infraspinatus t Biceps brachii t, long head

Teres minor t Humeral surgical neck Deltoid m

Subscapularis t

Coracoacromial lig

Rotator cuff interval Deltoid m Tip of coracoid process Biceps brachii t, short head Coracobrachialis t

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE SHOULDER  75

Figure 3.2.7 Clavicle

Acromion Supraspinatus m and t

Coracoacromial lig

Infraspinatus m and t Rotator cuff interval

Biceps brachii t, long head

Coracoid process Subscapularis t

Teres minor m and t

Deltoid m

Humeral head Deltoid m

Humeral diaphysis

Figure 3.2.8 Clavicle

Acromion Supraspinatus m and t

Rotator cuff interval

Infraspinatus m and t

Superior glenohumeral lig

Biceps anchor Anterior superior labrum

Coracoid process

Humeral head

Subscapularis t

Teres minor m and t Middle glenohumeral lig Inferior glenohumeral lig, anterior band

Recurrent humeral circumflex vessels and axillary n

Coracobrachialis m

Inferior glenohumeral lig, posterior band

Joint capsule of axillary pouch

76  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE SHOULDER

Figure 3.2.9

Superior acromioclavicular lig

Acromion

Clavicle

Supraspinatus m and t Infraspinatus m and t

Superior glenohumeral lig

Supraglenoid tubercle, biceps anchor

Coracoid process

Posterior labrum

Glenoid fossa Subscapularis t

Anterior labrum Teres minor m and t

Middle glenohumeral lig Subscapularis m Inferior glenohumeral lig, anterior band

Lymph node

Axillary pouch

Figure 3.2.10

Superior acromioclavicular lig

Acromion Supraspinatus m and t Infraspinatus m and t

Trapezius m

Clavicle Superior subscapular recess Coracoclavicular lig, trapezoid portion Coracoid process

Glenoid Superior subscapular recess Teres minor m and t

Triceps brachii t, long head

Subscapularis t

Middle glenohumeral lig Subscapularis m Posterior humeral circumflex vessels and axillary n

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE SHOULDER  77

Figure 3.2.11

Trapezius m

Superior acromioclavicular lig Acromion

Clavicle

Supraspinatus m and t

Infraspinatus m and t

Glenoid

Teres minor m

Triceps brachii t, long head

Coracoclavicular lig, trapezoid portion Coracoid process Superior subscapular recess Subscapular recess

Subscapularis m and t

Teres major m Infraglenoid tubercle

78  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE SHOULDER

OBLIQUE CORONAL Figure 3.3.1 Clavicle Supraspinatus m Acromion

Coracohumeral lig

Coracoid process

Superior subscapular recess

Middle glenohumeral lig

Rotator cuff interval

Subscapularis m

Subscapularis t

Biceps brachii t, short head

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

Coracobrachialis t

Figure 3.3.2

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Supraspinatus t

Clavicle Acromion Supraspinatus m

Biceps brachii t, long head

Lesser tuberosity of humerus

Base of coracoid process Superior subscapular recess Middle glenohumeral lig Subscapularis m

Subscapularis t Biceps brachii t, short head

Coracobrachialis t

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE SHOULDER  79

Figure 3.3.3

Acromioclavicular joint

Acromion

Supraspinatus t

Clavicle

Supraspinatus m Glenoid Scapula Labrum

Lesser tuberosity of humerus Biceps brachii t, long head

Subscapular recess Labrum

Subscapularis m

Biceps brachii t, short head

Coracobrachialis t

Figure 3.3.4

Middle glenohumeral lig

Clavicle

Acromion

Supraspinatus t

Supraspinatus m Suprascapular notch and suprascapular a and n

Humeral head

Scapula

Deltoid m

Glenoid

Greater tuberosity of humerus

Labrum Subscapularis m

Biceps brachii t, long head

Biceps brachii t, short head Coracobrachialis t

Inferior glenohumeral lig, anterior band

80  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE SHOULDER

Figure 3.3.5 Acromion

Supraspinatus t Greater tuberosity of humerus

Humeral head

Supraspinatus m

Spinoglenoid notch and suprascapular a and n Glenoid

Labrum

Deltoid m Inferior glenohumeral lig, anterior band

Biceps brachii t, long head

Subscapularis m

Axillary recess

Figure 3.3.6

Supraspinatus m Acromion Biceps brachii t, long head Supraspinatus t Scapular spine Greater tuberosity of humerus

Spinoglenoid notch and suprascapular a and n Glenoid

Deltoid m Labrum

Biceps brachii t, long head

Subscapularis m

Axillary recess

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE SHOULDER  81

Figure 3.3.7 Acromion Scapular spine Infraspinatus t Labrum Infraspinatus m Greater tuberosity of humerus

Glenoid

Labrum Deltoid m Subscapularis m Biceps brachii t, long head

Axillary recess

Figure 3.3.8 Acromion

Scapular spine

Infraspinatus t Infraspinatus m Humeral head Greater tuberosity of humerus

Articular cartilage

Labrum

Glenoid

Labrum Scapular body Axillary recess

Humeral surgical neck

Biceps brachii t, long head

82  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE SHOULDER

Figure 3.3.9 Acromion

Scapular spine

Infraspinatus t

Infraspinatus m Humeral head Greater tuberosity of humerus

Posterior labrum

Glenoid Deltoid m Humeral surgical neck Axillary recess

Figure 3.3.10 Acromion Infraspinatus t

Humeral head Greater tuberosity of humerus Humeral surgical neck

Infraspinatus m

Glenoid, posterior rim

Axillary recess

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE SHOULDER  83

Figure 3.3.11 Acromion

Infraspinatus t

Posterior humeral head

Infraspinatus m

Teres minor t Deltoid m Axillary recess

Teres minor m

Humeral diaphysis

Figure 3.3.12 Acromion

Infraspinatus t

Teres minor t Teres minor m

Posterior humeral circumflex vessels and axillary n Humerus

84  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE SHOULDER

ABER (ABDUCTION AND EXTERNAL ROTATION) Figure 3.4.1 Lesser tuberosity of humerus

Biceps brachii t, sheath

Biceps brachii t, short head

Coracobrachialis t

Biceps brachii t, long head Superior glenohumeral lig

Coracoid process

Glenoid

Supraspinatus m artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Figure 3.4.2 Lesser tuberosity of humerus

Biceps brachii t, long head

Acromion Coracobrachialis t

Biceps brachii t, short head

Coracoid process

Biceps anchor

Subscapularis t Glenoid Middle glenohumeral lig

Pectoralis major m

Supraspinatus m

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE SHOULDER  85

Figure 3.4.3 Biceps brachii t, long head Pectoralis major m Acromion and scapular spine

Humeral head, anterior medial aspect

Greater tuberosity of humerus

Subscapularis t

Supraspinatus t

Glenoid Middle glenohumeral lig

Anterior superior labrum Supraspinatus m

Subscapularis m

Scapula

Ribs

Figure 3.4.4

Biceps brachii m

Humeral surgical neck

Humeral head Pectoralis major m

Acromion and scapular spine

Greater tuberosity of humerus Supraspinatus t

Anterior labrum Glenoid

Supraspinatus m

Subscapularis m Scapula

86  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE SHOULDER

Figure 3.4.5

Biceps brachii m

Acromion Humeral head Infraspinatus t Inferior glenohumeral lig, anterior band Anterior labrum Pectoralis major m

Scapular spine Posterior labrum Glenoid

Subscapularis m

Figure 3.4.6 Biceps brachii m

Humeral surgical neck Humeral head

Humeral diaphysis

Acromion

Greater tuberosity of humerus Infraspinatus t

Inferior glenohumeral lig, anterior band Anterior labrum

Pectoralis major m

Subscapularis m

Posterior labrum Scapular spine Glenoid

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE SHOULDER  87

Figure 3.4.7

Humeral diaphysis

Humeral surgical neck

Humeral head

Acromion

Greater tuberosity of humerus Infraspinatus t

Inferior glenohumeral lig, anterior band Posterior labrum Anterior labrum

Glenoid

Infraspinatus m Subscapularis m

Scapular body

Figure 3.4.8 Acromion

Humeral head

Inferior glenohumeral lig, anterior band

Anterior inferior labrum

Greater tuberosity of humerus Teres minor t

Posterior inferior labrum Glenoid

Infraspinatus m Subscapularis m

Scapular body

88  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE SHOULDER

Figure 3.4.9 Greater tuberosity of humerus

Humeral head

Anterior inferior labrum

Teres minor t

Posterior inferior labrum Glenoid

Infraspinatus m Subscapularis m Scapular body

Figure 3.4.10

Posterior humeral head

Teres minor t

Inferior labrum Inferior glenoid Infraspinatus m Subscapularis m

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE SHOULDER  89

Figure 3.4.11

Posterior humeral head

Infraglenoid tubercle and triceps t, long head

Teres minor t

Glenoid Teres minor t

Subscapularis m

4

Chapter

MRI of the Arm

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ARM  91

Table 4-1.  Muscles of the Upper Arm MUSCLE

ORIGIN

INSERTION

NERVE SUPPLY

Coracobrachialis

Coracoid process

Shaft of the humerus above the middle of the bone

Musculocutaneous (C5, C6, C7)

Biceps brachii

Short head, coracoid process; long head, supraglenoid tubercle; superior part of glenoid labrum

Tuberosity of the radius and by aponeurotic expansion to the fascia on the ulnar side of the forearm

Musculocutaneous (C5, C6)

Brachialis

Distal half of anterior surface of humerus

Coronoid process and tuberosity of the ulna

Musculocutaneous (C5, C6)

Triceps

Long head, infraglenoid tuberosity of the scapula; lateral head, from the posterior surface of the humerus; medial head, from the posterior surface of the humerus below the radial groove and dorsal surfaces of the medial and lateral intermuscular septa

Primary tendon inserts onto the olecranon process of the ulna and laterally, by expansion over the anconeus, into the dorsal fascia of the forearm

Radial (C6, C7, C8)

92  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ARM

AXIAL Figure 4.1.1

Biceps brachii m, long head

Coracobrachialis m

Cephalic v Biceps brachii m, short head Humerus Median n Deltoid m

Brachial a

Deltoid tuberosity

Basilic v Ulnar n Triceps brachii m, medial head

Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Triceps brachii m, long head

Radial n

Figure 4.1.2

Cephalic v

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Biceps brachii m, Coracobrachialis m long head

Biceps brachii m, short head Brachialis m Deltoid tuberosity

Median n Brachial a

Deltoid m

Basilic v Ulnar n

Radial n Profunda brachii a

Humerus Triceps brachii m, medial head

Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Triceps brachii m, long head

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ARM  93

Figure 4.1.3

Cephalic v

Biceps brachii m, long head

Brachialis m

Biceps brachii m, short head Musculocutaneous n Median n

Humerus

Brachial a Basilic v

Brachialis m Superior ulnar collateral a and ulnar n Triceps brachii m, medial head

Radial n and profunda brachii a

Triceps brachii m, lateral head Triceps brachii m, long head

Figure 4.1.4

Brachialis m

Biceps brachii m

Musculocutaneous n

Brachial a

Humerus Median n Medial cutaneous n of forearm Basilic v Brachialis m Radial n and profunda brachii a

Superior ulnar collateral a and ulnar n Triceps brachii m, medial head

Triceps brachii m, lateral head Triceps brachii m, long head

94  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ARM

Figure 4.1.5

Biceps brachii m

Brachialis m

Median n and brachial a and v

Humerus

Medial cutaneous n of forearm

Brachialis m

Basilic v Ulnar n and superior ulnar collateral a

Radial n and profunda brachii a

Triceps brachii m, medial head

Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Triceps brachii m, long head

Figure 4.1.6

Biceps brachii m

Median n and brachial a and v Brachialis m

Basilic v Ulnar n and superior collateral a

Radial n and profunda brachii a

Triceps brachii m, medial head

Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Triceps brachii m, long head

Humerus

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ARM  95

Figure 4.1.7

Biceps brachii m

Brachialis m

Median n and brachial a and v

Basilic v

Brachialis m

Ulnar n and superior ulnar collateral a

Radial n and profunda brachii a

Triceps brachii m

Brachioradialis m

Triceps brachii m

Humerus

Figure 4.1.8

Biceps brachii m

Triceps brachii t

Brachialis m

Brachialis m

Median n and brachial a and v

Basilic v

Radial n

Ulnar n and superior ulnar collateral a

Extensor carpi radialis longus m

Humerus

Brachioradialis m

Superior lateral supracondylar crest

Triceps brachii m

96  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ARM

Figure 4.1.9

Radial n

Biceps brachii m and t Brachialis m

Median n and brachial a and v

Basilic v Extensor carpi radialis longus m

Ulnar n and superior ulnar collateral a

Brachioradialis m Superior lateral supracondylar crest

Humerus

Triceps brachii m and t

Figure 4.1.10

Radial n

Brachialis m and t

Biceps brachii m and t

Median n and brachial a and v

Medial cutaneous n of forearm Brachioradialis m

Basilic v

Extensor carpi radialis longus m

Inferior ulnar collateral a Ulnar n and superior ulnar collateral a

Lateral supracondylar crest

Humerus

Triceps brachii m and t

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ARM  97

Figure 4.1.11

Brachialis m and t

Biceps brachii m and t

Median n and brachial a and v

Brachioradialis m Basilic v

Inferior ulnar collateral a

Extensor carpi radialis longus m

Ulnar n and superior ulnar collateral a

Lateral supracondylar crest

Triceps brachii m and t

Humerus

98  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ARM

SAGITTAL Figure 4.2.1

Deltoid m

Brachialis m

Brachioradialis m

Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Extensor carpi radialis longus m

Figure 4.2.2

Deltoid m

Triceps brachii m, lateral head Brachialis m

Brachioradialis m

Extensor carpi radialis longus m

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ARM  99

Figure 4.2.3 Deltoid m

Triceps brachii m, long head

Brachialis m

Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Brachioradialis m

Radial head

Figure 4.2.4 Deltoid m

Triceps brachii m, long head

Biceps brachii m

Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Brachialis m

Brachioradialis m

Brachialis m

Triceps brachii m

Lateral supracondylar crest Capitellum Radial head

100  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ARM

Figure 4.2.5

Greater tuberosity of humerus

Deltoid m Deltoid m Triceps brachii m, long head

Humerus Biceps brachii m, long head

Radial n and vessels in spiral groove Triceps brachii m, long head Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Biceps brachii m Brachialis m Triceps brachii m

Lateral supracondylar crest Radial fossa

Capitellum Radial head

Figure 4.2.6

Humeral head

Supraspinatus m Infraspinatus m Teres minor m Deltoid m

Axillary n and posterior circumflex humeral a Deltoid m

Triceps brachii m, lateral head Humerus Biceps brachii m Brachialis m

Triceps brachii m, long head

Brachialis m Triceps brachii m

Brachialis m and t Trochlea, lateral aspect Coronoid process, lateral aspect

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ARM  101

Figure 4.2.7

Humeral head Supraspinatus m Deltoid m Infraspinatus m Teres minor m

Quadrangular space

Axillary n and posterior circumflex humeral a

Deltoid m

Triceps brachii m, long head

Biceps brachii m, long head

Triceps brachii m, lateral head Radial n and profunda brachii a Triceps brachii m, long head

Biceps brachii m

Brachialis m Humerus Olecranon fossa and posterior fat pad

Triceps brachii m and t

Biceps brachii t

Olecranon Trochlea

Brachialis t

Coronoid process, ulna

Figure 4.2.8

Humeral head

Lesser tuberosity of humerus Deltoid m Quadrangular space Pectoralis major t

Biceps brachii m, short head

Infraspinatus m

Deltoid m Teres minor m Axillary n and posterior circumflex humeral a Teres major m Triceps brachii m, long head Humerus, medial cortex

Biceps brachii m

Triceps brachii m, long head Triceps brachii m, medial head

Brachialis m

Coronoid fossa and anterior fat pad Brachialis m Trochlea

Triceps brachii m Olecranon fossa and posterior fat pad Olecranon Trochlear notch Coronoid process, ulna

102  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ARM

Figure 4.2.9

Humeral head

Acromion Infraspinatus m and t

Lesser tuberosity of humerus

Deltoid m Teres minor m and t

Deltoid m

Teres major and latissimus dorsi mm

Coracobrachialis m Radial n and profunda brachii a

Biceps brachii m, short head

Triceps brachii m, long head

Triceps brachii m, medial head

Biceps brachii m

Olecranon fossa and posterior fat pad

Coronoid fossa and anterior fat pad

Triceps brachii t

Brachialis m

Olecranon

Trochlea

Trochlear notch

Figure 4.2.10

Humeral head

Acromion Infraspinatus m Deltoid m Teres minor m

Deltoid m

Teres major m Latissimus dorsi m and t

Coracobrachialis m Biceps brachii m, short head

Radial n and profunda brachii a

Basilic v Triceps brachii m, medial head Triceps brachii m, long head Biceps brachii m

Brachial a and v and median n

Brachialis m Trochlea

Triceps brachii t Olecranon

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ARM  103

Figure 4.2.11

Supraspinatus m and t Acromion Deltoid m

Deltoid m

Infraspinatus m Teres minor m

Subscapularis m

Axillary n and posterior circumflex humeral a

Pectoralis major t Coracobrachialis m

Teres major m

Biceps m, short head

Latissimus dorsi t and m

Basilic v Biceps brachii m

Triceps brachii m, long head Triceps brachii m, medial head

Pronator teres and flexor carpi radialis mm Trochlea

Figure 4.2.12

Humeral head

Deltoid m

Supraspinatus m Deltoid m Infraspinatus m Glenoid

Subscapularis m Coracobrachialis m Pectoralis major t Biceps brachii m, short head Axillary neurovascular bundle

Basilic v

Pronator teres and flexor carpi radialis mm

Teres minor m Axillary n and posterior circumflex humeral a Teres major m Latissimus dorsi m

Triceps brachii m, medial head

Medial epicondyle

104  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ARM

Figure 4.2.13

Glenoid

Deltoid m Supraspinatus m Coracobrachialis m and biceps brachii m, short head Axillary n and posterior circumflex humeral a Pectoralis major m Axillary neurovascular bundle

Acromion Supraspinatus m Deltoid m Infraspinatus m Teres minor m Circumflex scapular a Teres major m

Latissimus dorsi m

Triceps brachii m, medial head

Pronator teres and flexor carpi radialis mm

Medial epicondyle

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ARM  105

CORONAL Figure 4.3.1 Deltoid m

Pectoralis major m

Biceps brachii m

Brachial a and v Biceps brachii t

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

Figure 4.3.2 Deltoid m

Pectoralis major m

Cephalic v

Cephalic v

Biceps brachii m

Brachioradialis m

Brachialis m

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

106  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ARM

Figure 4.3.3 Lesser tuberosity of humerus Deltoid m

Coracobrachialis m Biceps brachii m, short head

Biceps brachii m

Biceps brachii m, long head

Brachialis m Brachioradialis m

Basilic v Brachial vessels

Brachialis m

Figure 4.3.4 Biceps brachii t, long head

Lesser tuberosity of humerus Subscapularis t

Deltoid m

Coracobrachialis m Biceps brachii m, short head

Biceps brachii m, short head

Biceps brachii m, long head

Basilic v Brachioradialis m Brachialis m Medial epicondyle Radial head

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ARM  107

Figure 4.3.5 Lesser tuberosity of humerus Subscapularis m

Greater tuberosity of humerus

Biceps brachii t, long head Biceps brachii m, short head Coracobrachialis m

Deltoid m

Biceps brachii m, long head

Biceps brachii m

Brachial neurovascular bundle

Basilic v Brachialis m Brachioradialis m Medial epicondyle Common flexor t Ulnar collateral lig, anterior band

Lateral epicondyle Radial head Coronoid process, ulna

Figure 4.3.6 Greater tuberosity of humerus

Supraspinatus t Glenohumeral joint Glenoid

Humeral head Humeral diaphysis Deltoid m

Subscapularis m Latissimus dorsi t Axillary neurovascular bundle Biceps brachii m, short head Coracobrachialis m

Brachial a and v

Brachialis m Brachialis m Triceps brachii m, medial head

Brachioradialis m Lateral epicondyle Radial head

Medial epicondyle

108  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ARM

Figure 4.3.7

Deltoid m Greater tuberosity of humerus Humeral head

Acromion Supraspinatus t Glenohumeral joint Subscapularis m Teres major t

Deltoid m

Axillary neurovascular bundle Latissimus dorsi t

Humeral diaphysis

Brachial a and v Triceps brachii m, medial head Basilic v

Brachialis m

Brachialis m

Triceps brachii m, medial head Brachialis m

Brachioradialis m Extensor carpi radialis longus m

Olecranon fossa

Lateral epicondyle

Figure 4.3.8

Acromioclavicular Acromion joint Clavicle Supraspinatus t Greater tuberosity of humerus

Glenoid labrum Humeral head Subscapularis m Teres major m and t

Deltoid m

Latissimus dorsi m and t Brachial neurovascular bundle

Humeral diaphysis

Triceps brachii m, medial head

Brachialis m

Brachioradialis m

Triceps brachii m, medial head

Extensor carpi radialis longus m Olecranon fossa Lateral epicondyle

Olecranon

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ARM  109

Figure 4.3.9

Acromioclavicular Acromion joint Clavicle Supraspinatus m Glenoid labrum Glenohumeral joint Glenoid

Supraspinatus t Greater tuberosity of humerus

Subscapularis m Teres major m Deltoid m

Latissimus dorsi m Basilic v

Deltoid tuberosity

Latissimus dorsi m

Humerus Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Triceps brachii m, medial head

Brachioradialis m

Triceps brachii musculotendinous unit

Olecranon

Figure 4.3.10

Acromioclavicular Acromion joint Clavicle Humeral head

Supraspinatus m Glenoid

Teres minor m Subscapularis m Circumflex scapular a Deltoid m Triceps brachii m, lateral head Radial n and vessels around spiral groove of humerus

Teres major m Latissimus dorsi m

Latissimus dorsi m

Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Humerus Triceps brachii m

Triceps brachii m, medial head

Triceps brachii t Olecranon

110  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ARM

Figure 4.3.11

Acromion Deltoid t

Supraspinatus m

Deltoid m Humeral head

Glenoid

Teres minor m

Subscapularis m

Axillary n and posterior circumflex humeral a

Triangular space Triceps brachii t and m, long head

Deltoid m

Teres major m Latissimus dorsi m

Latissimus dorsi m Triceps brachii m, long head Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Triceps brachii t Triceps brachii m

Figure 4.3.12

Acromion

Deltoid m

Supraspinatus m Infraspinatus m Glenoid

Axillary n and posterior circumflex humeral a Deltoid m

Teres minor m Triceps brachii t, long head Teres major m Latissimus dorsi m

Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Triceps brachii m

Latissimus dorsi m

Triceps brachii m

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ARM  111

Figure 4.3.13

Lateral scapular spine Deltoid t Infraspinatus m Deltoid m Teres minor m

Teres major m

Latissimus dorsi m

Triceps brachii m, lateral head Latissimus dorsi m

Triceps brachii m, long head

Figure 4.3.14

Lateral scapular spine

Infraspinatus m Deltoid m Teres minor m Triceps brachii m, long head

Teres major m

Triceps brachii m, lateral head Latissimus dorsi m

Triceps brachii m, long head

112  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ARM

Figure 4.3.15

Deltoid m

Infraspinatus m

Teres minor m Triceps brachii m, long head

Teres major m

Latissimus dorsi m

Triceps brachii m, long head Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Figure 4.3.16

Infraspinatus m Deltoid m Teres minor m Triceps brachii m, long head

Teres major m

Triceps brachii m, long head

Latissimus dorsi m

Triceps brachii m, lateral head

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ARM  113

Figure 4.3.17

Deltoid m

Infraspinatus m Teres minor m Triceps brachii m, long head

Teres major m Triceps brachii m, long head

Latissimus dorsi m

Figure 4.3.18

Infraspinatus m Deltoid m Teres minor m

Teres major m

Triceps brachii m, long head

Latissimus dorsi m

5

Chapter

MRI of the Elbow

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ELBOW  115

AXIAL

Figure 5.1.1 Accessory cephalic v Cephalic v

Brachioradialis m

Radial n

Extensor carpi radialis longus m

Triceps brachii m, lateral and medial heads

Biceps brachii m and t Median cubital v Median v of forearm Brachial a Median n Brachialis m and t Musculocutaneous n Basilic v

Ulnar n Triceps brachii m, long head Triceps brachii t artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

Figure 5.1.2

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Accessory cephalic v Cephalic v

Brachioradialis m Radial n, superficial and deep Coronoid fossa and anterior fat pad Extensor carpi radialis longus m

Median cubital v Biceps brachii m and t Median v of forearm Brachial a Median n Brachialis m and t Musculocutaneous n Basilic v Pronator teres m Olecranon fossa and posterior fat pad

Anconeus m Triceps brachii m, lateral and medial heads

Ulnar n Triceps brachii m, long head Triceps brachii t

116  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ELBOW

Figure 5.1.3

Accessory cephalic v Cephalic v Brachioradialis m Radial n, superficial and deep

Median cubital v Biceps brachii m and t Median v of forearm Brachial a Median n

Extensor carpi radialis longus m Coronoid fossa and anterior fat pad Extensor carpi radialis brevis m Lateral epicondyle

Brachialis m and t Musculocutaneous n Basilic v Pronator teres m Olecranon Medial epicondyle

Triceps brachii m Tricipital aponeurosis

Ulnar n Cubital tunnel retinaculum Triceps brachii t

Figure 5.1.4

Accessory cephalic v Cephalic v Brachioradialis m Radial n, superficial Radial n, deep

Median cubital v Biceps brachii m and t Brachial a Median n

Extensor carpi radialis longus m Coronoid fossa Extensor carpi radialis brevis m Lateral epicondyle Olecranon fossa

Brachialis m and t Musculocutaneous n Pronator teres m Basilic v

Olecranon Medial epicondyle Common flexor t

Anconeus m Tricipital aponeurosis

Ulnar n Cubital tunnel retinaculum Triceps brachii t

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ELBOW  117

Figure 5.1.5

Cephalic v Accessory cephalic v Brachioradialis m Radial n, superficial Radial n, deep Capitellum Extensor carpi radialis longus m Extensor carpi radialis brevis m Lateral epicondyle

Median cubital v Biceps brachii m and t Median v of forearm Brachial a Median n Brachialis m Brachialis t Pronator teres m Basilic v Trochlea

Common flexor t Anconeus m

Medial epicondyle Ulnar n

Triceps brachii t

Figure 5.1.6

Cephalic v Accessory cephalic v Brachioradialis m Radial n, superficial Radial n, deep Capitellum Extensor carpi radialis longus m Extensor carpi radialis brevis m Lateral epicondyle

Cubital tunnel retinaculum Olecranon

Median cubital v Brachial a Biceps brachii t (bifurcated)* Median n Brachialis t Brachialis m Pronator teres m Basilic v Trochlea Medial epicondyle Common flexor t

Anconeus m

*Data from Sassmannshausen G, Mair SD, Blazar PE. Rupture of a bifurcated distal biceps tendon. A case report. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2004;86: 2737-2740.

Ulnar n Superior ulnar collateral a Olecranon

Ulnar collateral lig, posterior band

118  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ELBOW

Figure 5.1.7

Cephalic v

Median cubital v Bicipital aponeurosis

Accessory cephalic v Brachioradialis m Radial n, superficial Radial n, deep

Biceps brachii t (bifurcated)* Brachial a Interosseous n, anterior

Extensor carpi radialis longus m Brachialis t

Median n

Capitellum

Brachialis m Pronator teres m

Extensor carpi radialis brevis m Radial collateral lig Common extensor t Lateral epicondyle

Trochlea Basilic v Ulnar collateral lig, anterior band Common flexor t Flexor carpi ulnaris m, humeral head

Anconeus m

*Data from Sassmannshausen G, Mair SD, Blazar PE. Rupture of a bifurcated distal biceps tendon. A case report. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2004;86:2737-2740.

Ulnar n

Olecranon

Ulnar collateral a, superior Ulnar collateral lig, posterior band Flexor carpi ulnaris m, ulnar head

Flexor digitorum superficialis m

Figure 5.1.8

Accessory cephalic v

Cephalic v

Bicipital aponeurosis (lacertus fibrosis) Median basilic v of forearm Biceps brachii t (bifurcated)

Brachioradialis m

Brachial a

Radial n, superficial

Interosseous n, anterior

Radial n, deep Extensor carpi radialis longus m

Median n

Radial collateral lig Extensor carpi radialis brevis m

Brachialis m Pronator teres m Brachialis t

Extensor digitorum and extensor digiti minimi tt

Trochlea Basilic v Ulnar collateral lig

Extensor carpi ulnaris t

Palmaris longus m

Lateral intermuscular septum

Flexor digitorum superficialis m

Anconeus m

Ulnar n

Capitellum

Flexor carpi ulnaris m, humeral head

Olecranon fossa Olecranon

Ulnar collateral a, superior Flexor carpi ulnaris m, ulnar head

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ELBOW  119

Figure 5.1.9

Brachioradialis m

Cephalic v Bicipital aponeurosis

Accessory cephalic v

Median basilic v of forearm Radial n, superficial

Biceps brachii t (bifurcated)

Radial n, deep

Brachial a

Extensor carpi radialis longus m Extensor carpi radialis brevis m Radial collateral lig

Interosseous n, anterior Median n Brachialis m Pronator teres m

Extensor digitorum and extensor digiti minimi tt

Brachialis t Flexor carpi radialis m Basilic v

Extensor carpi ulnaris t

Palmaris longus m Flexor digitorum superficialis m

Lateral intermuscular septum

Ulnar collateral lig

Anconeus m

Ulnar n Flexor carpi ulnaris m, humeral head

Capitellum Olecranon

Ulnar collateral a, superior Flexor digitorum profundus m

Figure 5.1.10

Brachialis t

Flexor carpi ulnaris m, ulnar head

Cephalic v

Radial head Brachioradialis m Accessory cephalic v Radial n, superficial Extensor carpi radialis longus m Radial n, deep

Median basilic v of forearm

Bicipital aponeurosis Radial a Ulnar a

Radial recurrent a Extensor carpi radialis brevis m

Interosseous n, anterior Median n Biceps brachii t (bifurcated)

Radial collateral and annular ligs Extensor digitorum m

Pronator teres m Flexor carpi radialis m Brachialis m Palmaris longus m Basilic v Annular lig Flexor digitorum superficialis m

Extensor digiti minimi and extensor carpi ulnaris tt Lateral ulnar collateral lig Annular lig Anconeus m

Ulnar n

Proximal radioulnar joint Olecranon Radial notch of ulna

Sublime process Coronoid process

Ulnar collateral a, superior Flexor carpi ulnaris m, ulnar head Flexor digitorum profundus m

120  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ELBOW

Figure 5.1.11

Cephalic v Median basilic v of forearm Bicipital aponeurosis Radial a Ulnar a Interosseous n, anterior

Brachialis t Accessory cephalic v Brachioradialis m Radial n, superficial Extensor carpi radialis longus m Radial n, deep Radial recurrent a Extensor carpi radialis brevis m Radial collateral lig Extensor digitorum m Extensor digiti minimi and extensor carpi ulnaris tt Ulnar collateral lig, lateral Radial head Annular ligs

Median n Biceps brachii t (bifurcated) Pronator teres m Flexor carpi radialis m Brachialis m Palmaris longus m Basilic v Flexor digitorum superficialis m Flexor carpi ulnaris m, humeral head Ulnar n

Anconeus m

Ulnar collateral a, superior

Ulna

Flexor carpi ulnaris m, ulnar head Sublime process Coronoid process

Figure 5.1.12

Flexor digitorum profundus m

Median basilic v of forearm

Cephalic v

Accessory cephalic v Pronator teres m

Brachioradialis m Radial n, superficial

Radial a

Extensor carpi radialis longus m

Ulnar a

Radial n, deep

Median n

Radial recurrent a Extensor carpi radialis brevis m

Interosseous n, anterior

Supinator m

Biceps brachii t

Extensor digitorum m

Flexor carpi radialis m Brachialis m Palmaris longus m Flexor digitorum superficialis t and m

Extensor digiti minimi and extensor carpi ulnaris tt Radial head Ulnar collateral lig, lateral

Basilic v

Supinator m

Flexor carpi ulnaris m, humeral head

Brachialis t

Ulnar n Ulnar collateral a, superior Anconeus m

Ulna

Sublime process

Flexor digitorum profundus m

Flexor carpi ulnaris m, ulnar head

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ELBOW  121

Figure 5.1.13

Brachioradialis m

Cephalic v

Accessory cephalic v

Median basilic v of forearm

Radial n, superficial

Pronator teres m

Extensor carpi radialis longus m

Radial a Brachialis t

Radial n, deep

Ulnar a Median n

Radial recurrent a

Interosseous n, anterior Flexor carpi radialis m Pronator teres m, deep head

Extensor carpi radialis brevis m Supinator m Extensor digitorum m Extensor digiti minimi t Radial neck

Palmaris longus m Flexor digitorum superficialis m

Ulnar collateral lig, lateral

Brachialis m Ulnar n

Extensor carpi ulnaris m

Flexor carpi ulnaris m, humeral head

Biceps brachii t

Ulnar collateral a, superior

Anconeus m Ulna

Figure 5.1.14

Brachioradialis m

Flexor digitorum profundus m

Cephalic v

Flexor carpi ulnaris m, ulnar head

Radial a

Accessory cephalic v

Median basilic v of forearm

Radial n, superficial

Pronator teres m

Extensor carpi radialis longus m

Ulnar a

Radial n, deep

Flexor carpi radialis m

Extensor carpi radialis brevis m Interosseous n, anterior

Supinator m

Median n

Extensor digitorum m

Pronator teres m, deep head Palmaris longus m

Extensor digiti minimi t Radial neck

Flexor digitorum superficialis m

Ulnar collateral lig, lateral

Brachialis t

Extensor carpi ulnaris m Supinator ridge

Basilic v

Biceps brachii t

Flexor carpi ulnaris m, humeral head

Anconeus m Ulna

Ulnar n Flexor digitorum profundus m

Ulnar collateral a, superior

Flexor carpi ulnaris m, ulnar head

122  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ELBOW

Figure 5.1.15

Accessory cephalic v

Brachioradialis m

Cephalic v

Radial a Median basilic v of forearm

Radial n, superficial

Pronator teres m

Extensor carpi radialis longus m

Ulnar a Median n

Extensor carpi radialis brevis m

Flexor carpi radialis m Pronator teres m, deep head

Radial n, deep Supinator m

Palmaris longus m

Extensor digitorum m

Flexor digitorum superficialis m

Interosseous n, anterior Extensor digiti minimi t

Ulnar collateral a, superior

Radial tuberosity

Flexor carpi ulnaris m, humeral head

Lateral ulnar collateral lig

Basilic v

Extensor carpi ulnaris m

Ulnar n Flexor carpi ulnaris m, ulnar head

Biceps brachii t Anconeus m

Flexor digitorum profundus m

Ulna

Figure 5.1.16

Accessory cephalic v

Brachioradialis m

Cephalic v

Radial a Median basilic v of forearm

Radial n, superficial Extensor carpi radialis longus m

Pronator teres m Ulnar a

Extensor carpi radialis brevis m

Flexor carpi radialis m

Radial n, deep Supinator m

Median n

Extensor digitorum m

Pronator teres m, deep head

Interosseous n, anterior

Palmaris longus m Flexor digitorum superficialis m

Extensor digiti minimi m

Ulnar collateral a, superior

Radius Extensor carpi ulnaris m

Ulnar n Flexor carpi ulnaris m, humeral head

Lateral ulnar collateral lig

Basilic v

Biceps brachii t

Flexor carpi ulnaris m, ulnar head

Anconeus m

Flexor digitorum profundus m Ulna

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ELBOW  123

Figure 5.1.17

Brachioradialis m Accessory cephalic v Cephalic v Median basilic v of forearm

Radial n, superficial Extensor carpi radialis longus m

Pronator teres m Radial a Common interosseous a Flexor carpi radialis m

Extensor carpi radialis brevis m Radial n, deep

Median n Palmaris longus m

Extensor digitorum m Supinator m Radius

Pronator teres m, deep head Flexor digitorum superficialis m

Extensor digiti minimi m

Ulnar a Ulnar n Flexor carpi ulnaris m, humeral head

Interosseous n, anterior Extensor carpi ulnaris m

Flexor carpi ulnaris m, ulnar head

Anconeus m

Basilic v Ulna

Figure 5.1.18

Flexor digitorum profundus m

Accessory cephalic v

Extensor carpi radialis longus m

Radial n, superficial Extensor carpi radialis brevis m Radial n, deep

Brachioradialis m

Cephalic v

Median basilic v of forearm Pronator teres m Radial a Interosseous a, common Flexor carpi radialis m

Extensor digitorum m

Median n Palmaris longus m

Supinator m

Pronator teres m, deep head

Radius Extensor digiti minimi m Interosseous n, anterior

Flexor digitorum superficialis m Ulnar a Ulnar n

Extensor carpi ulnaris m Anconeus m Ulna

Flexor carpi ulnaris m Basilic v Flexor digitorum profundus m

124  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ELBOW

Figure 5.1.19

Cephalic v

Median basilic v of forearm

Brachioradialis m Accessory cephalic v Radial n, superficial

Flexor carpi radialis m

Extensor carpi radialis longus m

Radial a Pronator teres m and t

Extensor carpi radialis brevis m

Median n

Interosseous a, common

Radial n, deep

Palmaris longus m

Extensor digitorum m Supinator m Radius Interosseous n, anterior

Flexor digitorum superficialis m Ulnar a

Extensor digiti minimi m

Ulnar n

Extensor carpi ulnaris m

Flexor carpi ulnaris m Basilic v

Anconeus m Ulna

Figure 5.1.20

Flexor digitorum profundus m

Cephalic v Brachioradialis m Accessory cephalic v Radial n, superficial Extensor carpi radialis longus m Extensor carpi radialis brevis m

Median basilic v of forearm Flexor carpi radialis m Radial a Pronator teres m Palmaris longus m Anterior interosseous a Median n

Supinator m Radius Radial n, deep Extensor digitorum m Interosseous n, anterior Interosseous a, posterior branches Extensor digiti minimi m

Flexor digitorum superficialis m

Ulnar n Ulnar a Flexor carpi ulnaris m

Extensor carpi ulnaris m Basilic v Anconeus m Ulna

Flexor digitorum profundus m

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ELBOW  125

OBLIQUE SAGITTAL Figure 5.2.1 Biceps brachii m Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Brachioradialis m Extensor carpi radialis longus m Accessory cephalic v Extensor carpi radialis brevis m

Extensor digitorum m

Forearm vv, superficial artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Figure 5.2.2 Biceps brachii m Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Brachialis m

Brachioradialis m

Extensor carpi radialis longus m Extensor carpi radialis brevis m

Accessory cephalic v

Extensor digitorum m

126  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ELBOW

Figure 5.2.3

Brachialis m Biceps brachii m

Radial n Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Triceps brachii t

Accessory cephalic v Brachioradialis m

Extensor carpi radialis longus m Extensor carpi radialis brevis m Lateral epicondyle Radial collateral lig Lateral ulnar collateral lig Radial head

Supinator m

Extensor carpi radialis longus m

Extensor digitorum m Extensor digiti minimi t

Extensor carpi radialis brevis m

Figure 5.2.4 Biceps brachii m Triceps brachii m, lateral head Radial n

Triceps brachii t Accessory cephalic v Brachioradialis m

Brachialis m

Capitellum Extensor carpi radialis longus m

Anconeus m Lateral ulnar collateral lig Radial head Annular lig

Supinator m Extensor carpi radialis longus m Extensor carpi ulnaris m Extensor carpi radialis brevis m

Extensor digiti minimi m Extensor digitorum m

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ELBOW  127

Figure 5.2.5 Biceps brachii m

Triceps brachii m, medial head Triceps brachii t

Brachialis m Cephalic v Brachioradialis m Capitellum Radial n, deep

Lateral ulnar collateral lig Radial head Anconeus m Supinator m Extensor carpi radialis longus m

Extensor carpi radialis brevis m

Extensor digitorum m Extensor digiti minimi m Extensor carpi ulnaris m

Figure 5.2.6 Humerus

Biceps brachii m

Triceps brachii m, medial head

Brachialis m Cephalic v

Brachioradialis m Capitellum

Radial n, superficial Supinator m

Radial head Lateral ulnar collateral lig Anconeus m

Radial n, deep Supinator m

Extensor carpi radialis longus m Extensor carpi radialis brevis m

Interosseous n and a, posterior

Abductor pollicis longus m Extensor carpi ulnaris m

128  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ELBOW

Figure 5.2.7 Biceps brachii m

Triceps brachii m, medial head Humerus

Brachialis m

Posterior fat pad Cephalic v

Radial fossa

Capitellum

Radial head Annular lig Lateral ulnar collateral lig

Supinator m Brachioradialis m

Ulna Anconeus m Radial tuberosity Supinator m

Radius

Abductor pollicis longus m Extensor carpi ulnaris m

Figure 5.2.8 Biceps brachii m

Triceps brachii m, medial head Humerus Brachialis m

Posterior fat pad

Cephalic v Capitellum Biceps brachii t Radial head

Supinator m Brachioradialis m

Anconeus m Radial tuberosity

Ulna

Radius

Interosseous membrane

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ELBOW  129

Figure 5.2.9 Biceps brachii m

Triceps brachii m, medial head

Brachialis m Posterior fat pad Anterior fat pad Triceps brachii t Olecranon Cephalic v with forearm vv, deep

Capitellum–trochlea junction

Biceps t Radial head Ulnar a

Radial a Flexor carpi radialis m

Pronator teres m

Ulna

Biceps brachii t insertion Interosseous n and a, anterior Flexor digitorum profundus m

Figure 5.2.10 Biceps brachii m

Triceps brachii m, long head

Humerus

Anterior fat pad Coronoid fossa

Posterior fat pad Olecranon fossa Triceps brachii t

Brachialis m Median cubital v

Olecranon Trochlea Trochlear notch Coronoid process

Ulnar a

Ulna Interosseous a and n, anterior

Flexor carpi radialis m

Pronator teres m

Flexor digitorum profundus m

130  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ELBOW

Figure 5.2.11 Biceps brachii m Brachial a

Triceps brachii m, long head Humerus

Median cubital v

Triceps brachii t Olecranon fossa

Coronoid fossa Brachialis m Brachial a

Trochlea Olecranon Trochlear notch Coronoid process

Median n

Pronator teres m, deep head

Ulnar tuberosity

Flexor carpi radialis m Pronator teres m

Flexor digitorum profundus m

Figure 5.2.12 Biceps brachii m Triceps brachii m, long head

Brachial a Median cubital v Triceps brachii t Brachialis m

Trochlea Olecranon Trochlear notch

Median n

Coronoid process

Pronator teres m, deep head Pronator teres m

Flexor carpi radialis m Flexor digitorum superficialis m

Flexor digitorum profundus m

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ELBOW  131

Figure 5.2.13

Triceps brachii m, long head Median n

Triceps brachii t

Median cubital v

Brachialis m

Trochlea Olecranon

Median basilic v of forearm Pronator teres m Pronator teres m, deep head

Ulnar n Flexor digitorum superficialis m Flexor carpi radialis m

Flexor carpi ulnaris m

Figure 5.2.14 Basilic v Triceps brachii m, long head Median cubital v Ulnar n

Brachialis m Medial epicondyle Trochlea

Pronator teres m

Flexor digitorum superficialis m Flexor carpi radialis m

Ulnar n Flexor carpi ulnaris m, ulnar head

Flexor digitorum profundus m

Flexor carpi ulnaris m

132  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ELBOW

Figure 5.2.15 Basilic v

Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Ulnar n Brachialis m Ulnar collateral lig, anterior band Pronator teres m Pronator teres t

Medial epicondyle Ulnar collateral lig, posterior band Ulnar n

Flexor carpi ulnaris m, ulnar head Flexor carpi ulnaris m, humeral head

Flexor digitorum superficialis m

Flexor digitorum profundus m

Flexor carpi radialis m Palmaris longus m

Figure 5.2.16

Basilic v

Medial epicondyle

Pronator teres m

Pronator teres t

Flexor carpi ulnaris m, ulnar head Flexor carpi ulnaris m, humeral head Basilic v Flexor digitorum superficialis m

Palmaris longus m

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ELBOW  133

Figure 5.2.17

Basilic v

Palmaris longus m Pronator teres m Pronator teres t

Flexor digitorum superficialis m

Flexor carpi ulnaris m, humeral head

Basilic v

134  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ELBOW

OBLIQUE CORONAL Figure 5.3.1

Biceps brachii m

Cephalic v

Median basilic v of forearm

Brachioradialis m

Flexor carpi radialis m

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

Figure 5.3.2 Cephalic v Biceps brachii m

Median cubital v

Cephalic v

Median basilic v of forearm

Brachioradialis m

Accessory cephalic v

Pronator teres m

Radial a Flexor carpi radialis m Extensor carpi radialis longus m

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ELBOW  135

Figure 5.3.3 Biceps brachii m

Median cubital v

Cephalic v

Median basilic v of forearm

Accessory cephalic v Brachioradialis m Pronator teres m Flexor carpi radialis m Radial a

Extensor carpi radialis longus m

Palmaris longus m

Figure 5.3.4 Biceps brachii m

Median cubital v

Accessory cephalic v

Brachioradialis m Forearm vv, deep Pronator teres m

Flexor carpi radialis m Extensor carpi radialis longus m

Radial a Palmaris longus m

Flexor digitorum superficialis m

136  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ELBOW

Figure 5.3.5 Biceps brachii m

Median cubital v

Brachial a Biceps brachii t Brachioradialis m

Brachialis m and t Pronator teres m Radial a

Radial n, superficial Flexor carpi radialis m Extensor carpi radialis longus m

Palmaris longus m Pronator teres m

Supinator m Extensor carpi radialis brevis m

Median n Flexor digitorum superficialis m

Figure 5.3.6 Biceps brachii m

Median cubital v Brachial a Median n

Brachioradialis m Radial n, superficial

Pronator teres m Brachialis m

Radial n, deep Biceps brachii t Ulnar a

Extensor carpi radialis longus m

Flexor carpi radialis m Palmaris longus m Pronator teres m

Supinator m Extensor carpi radialis brevis m Radius

Median n Flexor digitorum superficialis m

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ELBOW  137

Figure 5.3.7 Biceps brachii m

Median cubital v

Median n Brachioradialis m

Radial n Brachialis m Extensor carpi radialis longus m Biceps brachii t Extensor carpi radialis brevis m Radial n, deep Supinator m Extensor digitorum m

Radius Extensor carpi radialis brevis m

Pronator teres m Brachialis m

Ulnar a Flexor carpi radialis m Interosseous a, common Ulnar a Palmaris longus m Median n Flexor digitorum superficialis m

Flexor digitorum profundus m

Figure 5.3.8 Basilic v

Brachioradialis m Radial n Extensor carpi radialis longus m Brachialis m

Pronator teres m

Extensor carpi radialis brevis m Brachialis m Pronator teres m Radial n, deep Biceps brachii t

Palmaris longus m Interosseous a, common Ulnar a

Supinator m Extensor digitorum m Radius

Flexor digitorum superficialis m

Ulnar a Flexor digitorum profundus m

138  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ELBOW

Figure 5.3.9

Brachialis m Brachioradialis m

Basilic v

Radial n Extensor carpi radialis longus m

Extensor carpi radialis brevis m Capitellum Radial collateral lig Annular lig Radial n, deep Radial head Extensor digitorum m Biceps brachii t Supinator m Radial tuberosity Radius Interosseous a and n, anterior

Pronator teres m Trochlea Basilic v Coronoid process Brachialis m Ulnar recurrent a Interosseous a, common Ulnar a Flexor digitorum superficialis m Pronator teres m Flexor carpi ulnaris m Flexor digitorum profundus m Ulnar n

Figure 5.3.10 Triceps brachii m

Radial n Brachioradialis m

Epitrochlear lymph node

Brachialis m

Extensor carpi radialis longus m Extensor carpi radialis brevis m Capitellum Radial collateral lig Annular lig Radial n, deep Radial head Extensor digitorum m Biceps brachii t Radial tuberosity Supinator m

Pronator teres m Trochlea Basilic v Ulnar collateral lig Coronoid process Pronator teres m, deep head Flexor digitorum superficialis m Brachialis m Interosseous a

Radius Flexor carpi ulnaris m

Interosseous a and n, anterior

Flexor digitorum profundus m

Extensor digitorum m

Ulnar n

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ELBOW  139

Figure 5.3.11 Triceps brachii m Radial n Brachioradialis m

Brachialis m Extensor carpi radialis longus m Extensor carpi radialis brevis m

Common extensor t Capitellum Radial collateral lig Annular lig Extensor digitorum m Radial n, deep Radial head Radial tuberosity Supinator m

Coronoid fossa Pronator teres m

Trochlea Pronator teres m, deep head Ulnar collateral lig Coronoid process Basilic v Pronator teres m Flexor digitorum superficialis m Brachialis m Radial neck Ulnar n Flexor carpi ulnaris m

Interosseous a and n, anterior

Flexor digitorum profundus m

Extensor carpi ulnaris m Ulna

Figure 5.3.12 Brachioradialis m

Humerus Triceps brachii m, long head Triceps brachii m, medial head

Brachialis m Extensor carpi radialis longus m Extensor carpi radialis brevis m Lateral epicondyle Common extensor t Intermuscular septum, lateral Ulnar collateral lig, lateral Radial collateral lig Extensor digiti minimi and extensor carpi ulnaris tt Annular lig Radial head Radial n, deep Supinator m

Pronator teres m Medial epicondyle Sublime process Ulnar collateral lig Flexor digitorum superficialis m

Basilic v Pronator teres m Ulnar n Flexor carpi ulnaris m

Extensor carpi ulnaris m Interosseous n and vessels, posterior

Flexor digitorum profundus m Ulna

140  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ELBOW

Figure 5.3.13 Humerus Triceps brachii m, long head

Brachioradialis m

Triceps brachii m, medial head

Extensor carpi radialis longus m

Ulnar n

Olecranon fossa Medial epicondyle Common flexor t

Lateral epicondyle Common extensor t

Olecranon Flexor digitorum superficialis m

Lateral ulnar collateral lig

Ulnar n Basilic v Flexor carpi ulnaris m

Supinator m Radial n, deep

Ulna Extensor carpi ulnaris m

Flexor digitorum profundus m

Figure 5.3.14 Humerus

Brachioradialis m

Extensor carpi radialis longus m

Triceps brachii m, medial head Triceps brachii m, long head Ulnar n Olecranon fossa Medial epicondyle

Lateral epicondyle

Common flexor t Olecranon

Radial recurrent a

Flexor carpi ulnaris m, humeral head Ulnar n

Anconeus m Flexor carpi ulnaris m, ulnar head Basilic v Ulna Extensor carpi ulnaris m

Flexor digitorum profundus m

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ELBOW  141

Figure 5.3.15

Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Brachioradialis m

Triceps brachii m, medial head Triceps brachii m, long head

Extensor carpi radialis longus m Ulnar n Lateral epicondyle Olecranon

Anconeus m Flexor carpi ulnaris m, ulnar head Ulna Flexor digitorum profundus m Extensor carpi ulnaris m

Figure 5.3.16

Triceps brachii m, lateral head

Triceps brachii m, medial head Triceps brachii m, long head Triceps brachii t

Olecranon

Anconeus m

Ulna Flexor digitorum profundus m

142  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ELBOW

Figure 5.3.17

Triceps brachii m, lateral head Triceps brachii m, medial head

Triceps brachii t

Olecranon

Anconeus m Flexor digitorum profundus m

6

Chapter

MRI of the Forearm

144  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOREARM

Table 6-1.  Muscles of the Forearm MUSCLE

ORIGIN

INSERTION

NERVE SUPPLY

Anconeus

Posterior surface of the lateral epicondyle, and adjacent capsular ligament of the elbow

Onto the radial side of the olecranon and adjacent shaft of the ulna

Nerve to anconeus (C7, C8, T1)

Brachioradialis

Upper two thirds of the lateral epicondylar ridge of the humerus and the anterior surface of the lateral intermuscular septum

Lateral side of the base of the styloid process of the radius

Radial (C5, C6, C7)

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Lower third of the lateral epicondylar ridge, lateral intermuscular septum, and extensor tendons from the lateral epicondyle

Lateral aspect of the base of the second metacarpal

Radial (C5, C6, C7)

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Common extensor tendon from the lateral epicondyle, intermuscular septa, and radial collateral ligament of the elbow joint

Dorsal aspect of the base of the third metacarpal

Radial or deep radial (posterior interosseus) (C7, C8)

Extensor digitorum

Common extensor tendon

Dorsal digital fibrous expansion covering the dorsum of the proximal phalanx and sides of its base, base of the middle, and distal phalanges

Deep radial (posterior interosseus) (C7, C8)

Extensor digiti minimi

Intermuscular septa, overlying fascia, and common extensor tendon

Base of the proximal phalanx of the little finger

Deep radial (posterior interosseus) (C7, C8)

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Two heads: (1) distal dorsal aspect of the lateral epicondyle, and (2) proximal three fourths of the dorsal border of the ulna

Onto a tubercle at the base of the fifth metacarpal

Deep radial (posterior interosseus) (C7, C8)

Supinator

Dorsal aspect of the lateral epicondyle, ulnar depression distal to the radial notch, and supinator crest

Lateral surface of the radius between the anterior and posterior oblique lines

Deep radial (posterior interosseous) (C5, C6)

Abductor pollicis longus

Lateral edge of the proximal part of the middle third of the ulna, adjacent interosseous membrane, dorsal surface of the radius, and, occasionally, the intermuscular septa

Radial side of the ventral aspect of the base of the first metacarpal

Deep radial (posterior interosseus) (C7, C8)

Extensor pollicis brevis

Distal end of the middle third of the radius in its dorsal surface, interosseous membrane, and, occasionally, the ulna

Base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb or into the capsule the metacarpophalangeal joint

Deep radial (posterior of interosseus) (C7, C8)

Extensor pollicis longus

Middle third of the dorsal surface of the ulna adjacent to the interosseous membrane

Base of the distal phalanx of the thumb

Deep radial (posterior interosseus) (C7, C8)

Extensor indicis

Proximal part of the distal third of the posterior surface of the ulna interosseous membrane

Dorsal aponeurosis on the ulnar side of the index finger, adjacent to the base of the proximal phalanx

Deep radial (posterior interosseus) (C7, C8)

Pronator teres

Two heads: (1) humeral head (superior half of the ventral surface of the medial epicondyle), and (2) ulnar head (medial border of the coronoid process)

Onto the middle third of lateral surface of the radius

Median (C6, C7)

Flexor carpi radialis

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

Base of the second metacarpal and usually, base of the third metacarpal

Median (C6, C7)

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOREARM  145

Table 6-1.  Muscles of the Forearm—cont’d MUSCLE

ORIGIN

INSERTION

NERVE SUPPLY

Palmaris longus

Medial epicondyle

Flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

Median (C7, C8)

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Two heads: (1) medial epicondyle, and (2) medial side of the olecranon, upper two thirds of the dorsal border of the ulna

Primarily onto the pisiform

Ulnar (C7, C8)

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Two heads: (1) ulnar (ventral surface of the medial epicondyle, ulnar collateral ligament, ulnar tuberosity, medial border of coronoid process), and (2) radial (anterior oblique line and ventral border below the radial oblique line)

Ventral surface of the shaft of the middle phalanx of each finger

Median (C7, C8, T1)

Flexor digitorum profundus

Proximal three fourths of the medial and anterior surface of the ulna and interosseous membrane

Bases of the distal phalanges of the second to fifth digits

Median, anterior interosseous branch (C8, T1)

Flexor pollicis longus

Ventral surface of the radius, oblique line, and adjacent interosseus membrane

Base of the distal phalanx of the thumb

Median, anterior interosseous branch (C8, T1)

Pronator quadratus

Medial side, ventral surface of the distal fourth of the ulna

Distal quarter of the ventral surface of the radius

Median, anterior interosseous branch (C8, T1)

146  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOREARM

AXIAL Figure 6.1.1

Median basilic v of forearm

Cephalic v

Pronator teres m, deep head

Radial a

Pronator teres m Flexor carpi radialis m

Radial n, superficial Accessory cephalic v

Palmaris longus m

Brachioradialis m

Median n Flexor digitorum superficialis m

Biceps brachii t Extensor carpi radialis longus m

Interosseous n, anterior

R

Radial n, deep

Ulnar n

Supinator m Extensor carpi radialis brevis m

Ulnar a

U

Extensor digitorum m Extensor digiti minimi m

Flexor carpi ulnaris m Flexor digitorum profundus m

Extensor carpi ulnaris m

Anconeus m

Figure 6.1.2

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Median basilic v of forearm Pronator teres m, deep head

Cephalic v Radial a Radial n, superficial

Pronator teres m Flexor carpi radialis m Palmaris longus m Median n

Accessory cephalic v Brachioradialis m

Flexor digitorum superficialis m

Biceps brachii t Extensor carpi radialis longus m Radial n, deep

Interosseous n, anterior Ulnar a Ulnar n

R

Supinator m Extensor carpi radialis brevis m Extensor digitorum m

Interosseous a, common

U

Extensor digiti minimi m Extensor carpi ulnaris m Anconeus m

Flexor carpi ulnaris m Flexor digitorum profundus m

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOREARM  147

Figure 6.1.3

Median basilic v of forearm

Pronator teres m Flexor carpi radialis m Palmaris longus m Median n

Cephalic v Radial a Radial n, superficial Brachioradialis m Extensor carpi radialis longus m

Flexor digitorum superficialis m

Supinator m

Ulnar a Ulnar n

R

Radial n, deep Extensor carpi radialis brevis m Extensor digitorum m

U

Extensor digiti minimi m

Interosseous n, anterior Flexor carpi ulnaris m Supinator m Interosseous a, posterior Flexor digitorum profundus m

Extensor carpi ulnaris m

Anconeus m

Figure 6.1.4

Median basilic v of forearm

Pronator teres m Flexor carpi radialis m Palmaris longus m

Cephalic v Radial a Radial n, superficial Brachioradialis m

Flexor digitorum superficialis m

Flexor pollicis longus m

Median n Ulnar a

Supinator m Extensor carpi radialis longus m

R

Extensor carpi radialis brevis m Interosseous n, posterior

U

Extensor digitorum m

Ulnar n Flexor carpi ulnaris m Interosseous a, anterior Interosseous n, anterior Flexor digitorum profundus m Extensor pollicis longus m

Interosseous a, posterior

Abductor pollicis longus m

Extensor digiti minimi m Extensor carpi ulnaris m

148  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOREARM

Figure 6.1.5

Median basilic v of forearm Cephalic v Radial a Radial n, superficial

Flexor carpi radialis m Palmaris longus m

Brachioradialis m

Flexor digitorum superficialis m Median n

Flexor pollicis longus m Pronator teres m Supinator m

Ulnar a Ulnar n Flexor carpi ulnaris m Interosseous n, anterior

Extensor carpi radialis longus m Extensor carpi radialis brevis m

R

Interosseous a, anterior

Interosseous a, posterior

U

Extensor digitorum m Interosseous n, posterior

Flexor digitorum profundus m Extensor pollicis longus m

Extensor digiti minimi m

Abductor pollicis longus m Extensor carpi ulnaris m

Figure 6.1.6

Median basilic v of forearm

Cephalic v Radial a Radial n, superficial Brachioradialis m Flexor pollicis longus m Pronator teres m and t Extensor carpi radialis longus m Extensor carpi radialis brevis m Supinator m Interosseous a, posterior Abductor pollicis longus m

Flexor carpi radialis m Palmaris longus m Median n Flexor digitorum superficialis m and t Ulnar a Ulnar n Flexor carpi ulnaris m Interosseous n, anterior

R

Interosseous a, anterior U

Extensor digitorum m

Extensor pollicis longus m

Extensor digiti minimi m Interosseous n, posterior branches

Flexor digitorum profundus m

Extensor carpi ulnaris m

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOREARM  149

Figure 6.1.7

Median basilic v of forearm

Flexor carpi radialis m

Cephalic v Radial a

Palmaris longus m

Radial n, superficial Brachioradialis m

Median n

Flexor pollicis longus m

Flexor digitorum superficialis m

Pronator teres m and t

Ulnar a Ulnar n

Extensor carpi radialis longus m Extensor carpi radialis brevis m Interosseous a, posterior Interosseous n, posterior branches

Flexor carpi ulnaris m Flexor digitorum profundus m

R

U

Abductor pollicis longus m

Interosseous a and n, anterior

Extensor pollicis longus m

Extensor digitorum m Extensor digiti minimi m Extensor carpi ulnaris m

Figure 6.1.8

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150  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOREARM

Figure 6.1.9

Median basilic v of forearm Flexor carpi radialis m and t

Cephalic v Radial a Radial n, superficial

Palmaris longus m

Brachioradialis m Flexor pollicis longus m

Median n Flexor digitorum superficialis m Ulnar a Flexor carpi ulnaris m

Pronator teres t Extensor carpi radialis longus m Extensor carpi radialis brevis m Interosseous a, posterior

R

Abductor pollicis longus m

U

Interosseous n, posterior branches Extensor digitorum m

Ulnar n Interosseous a and n, anterior Flexor digitorum profundus m Interosseous membrane Extensor pollicis longus m

Extensor digiti minimi m

Extensor carpi ulnaris m

Figure 6.1.10

Median basilic v of forearm

Flexor carpi radialis m and t Palmaris longus m

Cephalic v Radial a

Median n

Brachioradialis m and t Radial n, superficial

Flexor digitorum superficialis m Ulnar a

Flexor pollicis longus m Pronator teres t Extensor carpi radialis longus m and t Extensor carpi radialis brevis m Abductor pollicis longus m

Flexor carpi ulnaris m and t Ulnar n

R

Interosseous a and n, anterior U

Interosseous n, posterior branches

Flexor digitorum profundus m Interosseous membrane Extensor pollicis longus m

Extensor digitorum m Extensor digiti minimi m

Extensor carpi ulnaris m

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOREARM  151

Figure 6.1.11

Median basilic v of forearm

Flexor carpi radialis m and t

Palmaris longus t

Cephalic v Brachioradialis t

Median n Flexor digitorum superficialis m Flexor digitorum profundus m

Radial a Radial n, superficial Flexor pollicis longus m Extensor carpi radialis longus t Extensor carpi radialis brevis m

Ulnar a Ulnar n Interosseous a and n, anterior branches

R

Abductor pollicis longus m

Flexor carpi ulnaris m U

Interosseous n, posterior branches Extensor digitorum m

Interosseous membrane Extensor pollicis longus m

Extensor digiti minimi m Extensor carpi ulnaris m

Figure 6.1.12

Median basilic v of forearm Flexor carpi radialis m and t Radial a Brachioradialis t Cephalic v

Palmaris longus t Median n Flexor digitorum superficialis m Flexor digitorum profundus m Ulnar a Ulnar n Interosseous a and n, anterior branches

Radial n, superficial Flexor pollicis longus m Extensor carpi radialis longus t Extensor carpi radialis brevis t Extensor pollicis brevis m Abductor pollicis longus m and t

R

Flexor carpi ulnaris m U

Extensor digitorum m and t Extensor digiti minimi t

Interosseous membrane Extensor indicis m Extensor carpi ulnaris m

Extensor pollicis longus m Interosseous n, posterior branches (sensory remnant)

152  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOREARM

Figure 6.1.13

Median basilic v of forearm Flexor carpi radialis t Radial a

Flexor pollicis longus m

Palmaris longus t

Brachioradialis t

Median n Flexor digitorum superficialis m

Cephalic v Radial n, superficial Extensor carpi radialis longus t Extensor carpi radialis brevis t

Flexor digitorum profundus m Interosseous a and n, anterior branches Ulnar a

R

Extensor pollicis brevis m Abductor pollicis longus m and t

Ulnar n Flexor carpi ulnaris m Interosseous membrane Extensor indicis m

U

Extensor digitorum m and t Extensor pollicis longus m Extensor digiti minimi t

Extensor carpi ulnaris m

Interosseous n, posterior branches

Figure 6.1.14

Median basilic v of forearm

Flexor carpi radialis t Radial a Flexor pollicis longus m Brachioradialis t Cephalic v Radial n, superficial Extensor carpi radialis longus t Extensor carpi radialis brevis t Abductor pollicis longus m and t Extensor pollicis brevis m Interosseous n, posterior branches Extensor digitorum m and t Extensor pollicis longus m Extensor digiti minimi t

R

U

Palmaris longus t Median n Flexor digitorum superficialis m Flexor digitorum profundus m Interosseous a and n, anterior branches Ulnar a Ulnar n Flexor carpi ulnaris m Interosseous membrane Extensor indicis m Extensor carpi ulnaris m

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOREARM  153

Figure 6.1.15

Flexor carpi radialis t Radial a

Palmaris longus t Median basilic v of forearm

Flexor pollicis longus m Brachioradialis t Cephalic v Radial n, superficial Pronator quadratus m Extensor carpi radialis longus t Extensor carpi radialis brevis t Abductor pollicis longus m and t Extensor pollicis brevis m

Median n Flexor digitorum superficialis m Flexor digitorum profundus m Interosseous n and a, anterior branches Ulnar a

R

Ulnar n

Interosseous n, posterior branches

U

Extensor digitorum m and t

Pronator quadratus m Extensor indicis m

Extensor pollicis longus m

Extensor carpi ulnaris m

Extensor digiti minimi t

Figure 6.1.16

Flexor carpi ulnaris m

Flexor carpi radialis t

Palmaris longus t

Radial a Flexor pollicis longus m

Median n

Brachioradialis t

Flexor digitorum superficialis m

Cephalic v Radial n, superficial Pronator quadratus m

Flexor digitorum profundus m

Extensor carpi radialis longus t

Flexor carpi ulnaris m and t

Extensor carpi radialis brevis t

Ulnar a

R

Ulnar n

Abductor pollicis longus m Extensor pollicis brevis m Interosseous n, posterior branches Extensor pollicis longus m Extensor digitorum m and t Extensor digiti minimi t

U

Interosseous a and n, anterior branches Pronator quadratus m Extensor indicis m Extensor carpi ulnaris m

154  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOREARM

Figure 6.1.17

Flexor carpi radialis t Palmaris longus t

Radial a Flexor pollicis m

Median n

Brachioradialis t

Flexor digitorum superficialis m

Cephalic v Radial n, superficial Extensor carpi radialis longus t Abductor pollicis longus m Extensor carpi radialis brevis t Extensor pollicis brevis m

Flexor digitorum profundus m Ulnar a Ulnar n

R

Interosseous n, posterior branches

U

Extensor pollicis longus m Extensor digitorum t Extensor digiti minimi t

Figure 6.1.18

Flexor carpi ulnaris m and t Pronator quadratus m Interosseous a and n, anterior branches Extensor indicis m Extensor carpi ulnaris m

Flexor carpi radialis t Radial a Flexor pollicis longus m Cephalic v

Palmaris longus t Median n Flexor digitorum superficialis m and t Flexor digitorum profundus m and t

Brachioradialis t Radial n, superficial Abductor pollicis longus m Extensor carpi radialis longus t Extensor carpi radialis brevis t Extensor pollicis brevis m and t Extensor pollicis longus m Extensor digitorum t Extensor digiti minimi t

Ulnar a R

Ulnar n Flexor carpi ulnaris m and t U

Interosseous a, anterior branch Extensor indicis m Extensor carpi ulnaris m and t

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOREARM  155

Figure 6.1.19

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Flexor carpi radialis t Radial a

Palmaris longus t Median n Flexor digitorum superficialis m and t Flexor digitorum profundus m and t

Flexor pollicis longus m and t Cephalic v Brachioradialis t Abductor pollicis longus m Radial n, superficial Extensor pollicis brevis t Extensor carpi radialis longus t Extensor carpi radialis brevis t Extensor pollicis longus t Extensor digitorum t Extensor digiti minimi t

Ulnar a Ulnar n

R U

Flexor carpi ulnaris m and t Pronator quadratus m Interosseous a, posterior branch Extensor indicis m and t Extensor carpi ulnaris m and t

156  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOREARM

SAGITTAL Figure 6.2.1

Brachioradialis m

Cephalic v

Median cubital v Basilic v

Median v of forearm

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Figure 6.2.2 Accessory cephalic v

Cephalic v

Extensor carpi radialis brevis m

Brachioradialis m

Superficial v

Extensor carpi radialis longus m

Flexor digitorum superficialis m Radial a

Cephalic v

Flexor carpi radialis m

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOREARM  157

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Figure 6.2.4 Biceps brachii t Radius Radial n, deep Pronator teres m

Supinator m

Flexor carpi radialis m

Median n Extensor carpi radialis brevis m

Median n Flexor digitorum superficialis m Flexor pollicis longus m Flexor digitorum profundus m

Extensor carpi radialis longus t

158  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOREARM

Figure 6.2.5 Biceps brachii t

Radial neck Radial tuberosity

Pronator teres m Flexor carpi radialis m

Median n

Radial n, deep Supinator m

Extensor carpi radialis brevis m Radius Interosseous a, posterior

Flexor digitorum superficialis m

Flexor pollicis longus m

Abductor pollicis longus m and t Extensor pollicis brevis m and t

Flexor digitorum profundus m

Pronator quadratus m

Figure 6.2.6 Biceps brachii t Pronator teres m

Flexor carpi radialis m

Radial tuberosity Supinator m

Flexor digitorum superficialis m Flexor pollicis longus m Interosseous a, anterior

Flexor digitorum profundus m

Extensor digitorum m Interosseous a, posterior

Abductor pollicis longus m

Interosseous n, anterior Radius

Pronator quadratus m Flexor carpi ulnaris t Ulnar a

Extensor pollicis brevis m

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOREARM  159

Figure 6.2.7 Interosseous a, common Palmaris longus m

Supinator m

Ulnar a Flexor digitorum superficialis m

Flexor digitorum profundus m

Interosseous a, posterior Extensor digitorum m Abductor pollicis longus m

Interosseous a, anterior

Interosseous n, posterior Extensor pollicis brevis m

Pronator quadratus m

Flexor carpi ulnaris t

Extensor pollicis longus m Radius

Ulnar a

Figure 6.2.8 6XSLQDWRUP ,QWHURVVHRXVDDQGY SRVWHULRU )OH[RUGLJLWRUXP VXSHUILFLDOLVP

)OH[RUGLJLWRUXP SURIXQGXVP

$EGXFWRUSROOLFLVORQJXVP ([WHQVRUGLJLWRUXPP

8OQDUD )OH[RUFDUSL XOQDULVW

8OQDUQ 3URQDWRU TXDGUDWXVP 8OQD

([WHQVRUSROOLFLVORQJXVP

([WHQVRUGLJLWLPLQLPLW

160  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOREARM

Figure 6.2.9 Brachialis m insertion

Anconeus m Ulna

Flexor digitorum superficialis m Extensor carpi ulnaris m

Interosseous n and a, posterior Abductor pollicis longus m Flexor digitorum profundus m

Flexor carpi ulnaris m

Extensor digitorum m Extensor pollicis longus m

Ulnar n Pronator quadratus m

Ulna

Extensor indicis m and t Extensor digiti minimi t

Figure 6.2.10 Palmaris longus m

Anconeus m

Ulnar n Flexor digitorum superficialis m

Flexor digitorum profundus m

Ulna

Extensor carpi ulnaris m

Extensor digitorum m

Ulnar n

Ulna Extensor indicis m and t

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOREARM  161

Figure 6.2.11 Flexor carpi ulnaris m

Anconeus m

Flexor digitorum profundus m

Ulna

Extensor carpi ulnaris m Extensor digitorum m

Figure 6.2.12 Flexor carpi ulnaris m Flexor digitorum profundus m

Extensor carpi ulnaris m

162  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOREARM

CORONAL Figure 6.3.1

Flexor carpi radialis m Palmaris longus m

Flexor digitorum superficialis m

Median basilic v of forearm

Flexor carpi ulnaris m

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

= = = = = = = = = = = =

Figure 6.3.2

Flexor digitorum superficialis m Palmaris longus m and t Flexor carpi radialis m

Flexor digitorum profundus m and t

Flexor carpi ulnaris m

Ulnar a Flexor digitorum profundus m and t

Ulnar n

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOREARM  163

Figure 6.3.3 Pronator teres m

Flexor digitorum superficialis m and t Flexor carpi radialis m

Flexor carpi ulnaris m

Palmaris longus t

Ulnar a Ulnar n Flexor digitorum superficialis m and t Flexor digitorum profundus m and t Ulna

Figure 6.3.4 Cephalic v Pronator teres m

Flexor carpi ulnaris m

Flexor carpi radialis m Ulnar a Ulnar n

Palmaris longus t

Flexor digitorum superficialis m and t Flexor digitorum profundus m and t

Pronator quadratus m Ulna

164  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOREARM

Figure 6.3.5

Cephalic v Pronator teres m Median n Ulnar a Flexor carpi ulnaris m Flexor digitorum profundus m Flexor carpi radialis m

Pronator quadratus m Flexor digitorum superficialis m Palmaris longus t

Ulna Flexor digitorum profundus m and t

Figure 6.3.6 %LFHSVEUDFKLLW 6XSLQDWRUP 5DGLDOD 3URQDWRUWHUHVP %UDFKLRUDGLDOLVP &HSKDOLFY

8OQDUD )OH[RUGLJLWRUXPSURIXQGXVP

)OH[RUFDUSLXOQDULVP )OH[RUGLJLWRUXPVXSHUILFLDOLVP 0HGLDQQ

8OQD )OH[RUGLJLWRUXPSURIXQGXVPDQGW 0HGLDQQ

3URQDWRUTXDGUDWXVP

([WHQVRUFDUSLXOQDULVW

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOREARM  165

Figure 6.3.7 %LFHSVEUDFKLLW 6XSLQDWRUP 8OQDUD %UDFKLRUDGLDOLVP 3URQDWRUWHUHVP )OH[RUGLJLWRUXPSURIXQGXVP 5DGLDOD &HSKDOLFY )OH[RUGLJLWRUXPVXSHUILFLDOLVP

8OQD ,QWHURVVHRXVDDQGQDQWHULRU )OH[RUGLJLWRUXPSURIXQGXVPDQGW

3URQDWRUTXDGUDWXVP ([WHQVRUFDUSLXOQDULVW

)OH[RUFDUSLUDGLDOLVW 5DGLXV

Figure 6.3.8 Biceps brachii t Radial n, superficial

Ulnar a

Supinator m Brachioradialis m Pronator teres m Flexor digitorum profundus m Flexor digitorum superficialis m Radial a Cephalic v

Ulna Interosseous a and n, anterior Flexor pollicis longus m Flexor carpi radialis m and t

Radius

Extensor indicis m Extensor carpi ulnaris t

166  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOREARM

Figure 6.3.9 5DGLDOWXEHURVLW\

8OQD ,QWHURVVHRXVDDQGQDQWHULRU

6XSLQDWRUP %UDFKLRUDGLDOLVP 5DGLDOQVXSHUILFLDO 3URQDWRUWHUHVP

)OH[RUGLJLWRUXPSURIXQGXVP

)OH[RUGLJLWRUXPVXSHUILFLDOLVP &HSKDOLFY ,QWHURVVHRXVDDQGQDQWHULRU 5DGLDOD

8OQD

)OH[RUSROOLFLVORQJXVP ([WHQVRULQGLFLVP ([WHQVRUFDUSLXOQDULVPDQGW ([WHQVRUSROOLFLVORQJXVP 5DGLXV

Figure 6.3.10 Radius

Supinator m Ulna

Brachioradialis m Flexor digitorum profundus m Extensor carpi radialis brevis m Pronator teres m and t Flexor digitorum superficialis m Radial n, superficial Interosseous a and n, anterior

Extensor pollicis brevis m Flexor pollicis longus m

Extensor carpi ulnaris m and t Extensor indicis m

Radial a Extensor pollicis longus t Radius

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOREARM  167

Figure 6.3.11 Brachioradialis m Supinator m Ulna Extensor carpi radialis longus m Abductor pollicis longus m Pronator teres m and t Extensor carpi radialis brevis m Extensor pollicis longus m Abductor pollicis longus m Flexor pollicis longus m

Radius

Extensor carpi ulnaris m

Extensor digitorum m

Radial n, superficial

Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis tt

Figure 6.3.12 Brachioradialis m

Supinator m Ulna

Abductor pollicis longus m Extensor carpi radialis brevis m

Extensor pollicis longus m Pronator teres m and t

Extensor carpi ulnaris m

Abductor pollicis longus m

Radius

Extensor digitorum m

Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis tt

168  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOREARM

Figure 6.3.13 Extensor carpi radialis longus m

Supinator m Anconeus m Interosseous a, posterior

Extensor carpi radialis brevis m Extensor carpi ulnaris m

Abductor pollicis longus m

Radius

Extensor digitorum m

Figure 6.3.14 Anconeus m Supinator m Extensor carpi radialis longus m

Interosseous a and n, posterior Extensor carpi radialis brevis m Extensor carpi ulnaris m

Abductor pollicis longus m

Extensor digiti minimi m Extensor digitorum m Abductor pollicis longus m

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOREARM  169

Figure 6.3.15

Extensor carpi radialis longus m

Extensor carpi radialis brevis m

Interosseous a and n, posterior Extensor carpi ulnaris m

Extensor digitorum m

Figure 6.3.16

Extensor carpi radialis longus m

Extensor carpi radialis brevis m

Extensor digitorum m Extensor carpi ulnaris m

7

Chapter

MRI of the Wrist

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE WRIST  171

AXIAL

Figure 7.1.1

Extensor pollicis longus t Radius

Cephalic v Extensor digitorum m

Extensor carpi radialis brevis t

Extensor retinaculum Extensor digiti minimi t Extensor indicis m and t Interosseous a, anterior Extensor carpi ulnaris t

Extensor carpi radialis longus t Extensor pollicis brevis t and m Abductor pollicis longus t Pronator quadratus m Flexor pollicis longus m Radial a

Ulna Flexor digitorum profundus m Ulnar n Ulnar a Flexor carpi ulnaris m and t

Flexor carpi radialis t

Palmaris longus t

Median n

Flexor digitorum superficialis m

Figure 7.1.2

Extensor pollicis longus t Radius

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Cephalic v Extensor digitorum m and t Extensor retinaculum Extensor digiti minimi t Extensor indicis m and t Extensor carpi ulnaris t Ulna

Extensor carpi radialis brevis t Extensor carpi radialis longus t Extensor pollicis brevis t and m Abductor pollicis longus t

Flexor digitorum profundus m

Pronator quadratus m Flexor pollicis longus m Radial a

Ulnar n Ulnar a Flexor carpi ulnaris m and t

Median n

Palmaris longus t

Flexor carpi radialis t Flexor digitorum superficialis m

172  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE WRIST

Figure 7.1.3

([WHQVRUUHWLQDFXOXP ([WHQVRUSROOLFLV ORQJXVW 'RUVDOUDGLDO WXEHUFOH /LVWHUҋVWXEHUFOH ([WHQVRUFDUSL UDGLDOLVEUHYLVW ([WHQVRUFDUSL UDGLDOLVORQJXVW

&HSKDOLFY ([WHQVRU GLJLWRUXPWW ([WHQVRUGLJLWL PLQLPLW ([WHQVRULQGLFLVW ([WHQVRUFDUSL XOQDULVW VXEOX[HG 8OQD

5DGLXV ([WHQVRUSROOLFLV EUHYLVW $EGXFWRUSROOLFLV ORQJXVW 3URQDWRU TXDGUDWXVP )OH[RUSROOLFLV ORQJXVP

)OH[RUGLJLWRUXP SURIXQGXVPDQGW 8OQDUQ 8OQDUD )OH[RUFDUSL XOQDULVPDQGW

5DGLDOD 0HGLDQQ

3DOPDULVORQJXVW

)OH[RUFDUSL UDGLDOLVW )OH[RUGLJLWRUXP VXSHUILFLDOLVP

Figure 7.1.4

([WHQVRUUHWLQDFXOXP ([WHQVRUSROOLFLV ORQJXVW 'RUVDOUDGLDO WXEHUFOH /LVWHUҋVWXEHUFOH

([WHQVRU GLJLWRUXPWW ([WHQVRUGLJLWL PLQLPLW ([WHQVRULQGLFLVW

([WHQVRUFDUSL UDGLDOLVEUHYLVW ([WHQVRUFDUSL UDGLDOLVORQJXVW

([WHQVRUFDUSL XOQDULVW VXEOX[HG 8OQDUVW\ORLG

5DGLXV ([WHQVRUSROOLFLV EUHYLVW $EGXFWRUSROOLFLV ORQJXVW 3URQDWRU TXDGUDWXVP )OH[RUSROOLFLV ORQJXVW 5DGLDOD )OH[RUFDUSL UDGLDOLVW 0HGLDQQ

)OH[RUGLJLWRUXP SURIXQGXVWW 8OQDUQ

8OQDUDEUDQFKHV )OH[RUFDUSL XOQDULVPDQGW

3DOPDULVORQJXVW )OH[RUGLJLWRUXP VXSHUILFLDOLVW

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE WRIST  173

Figure 7.1.5

Extensor retinaculum Extensor digitorum tt

Extensor pollicis longus t

Extensor digiti minimi t Extensor indicis t Triangular fibrocartilage Extensor carpi ulnaris t Ulnar styloid Lunate Flexor digitorum profundus tt

Extensor carpi radialis brevis t Extensor carpi radialis longus t Radius Extensor pollicis brevis t Abductor pollicis longus t

Ulnar n Ulnar a, deep

Flexor pollicis longus t

Ulnar a, superficial Flexor carpi ulnaris t Palmar carpal lig Palmaris longus t

Radial a Flexor carpi radialis t Median n

Flexor digitorum superficialis t

Figure 7.1.6

Extensor retinaculum Extensor pollicis longus t

Extensor carpi radialis longus t

Extensor digitorum tt Extensor digiti minimi t Extensor indicis t

Scaphoid Radial styloid Extensor pollicis brevis t Abductor pollicis longus t Flexor pollicis longus t

Extensor carpi ulnaris t Ulnar styloid Lunate Flexor digitorum profundus tt Ulnar n Ulnar a, deep

Extensor carpi radialis brevis t

Ulnar a, superficial

Radial a Flexor carpi radialis t Median n

Flexor carpi ulnaris t Palmar carpal lig Palmaris longus t Flexor digitorum superficialis t

174  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE WRIST

Figure 7.1.7

Extensor retinaculum Extensor pollicis longus t Extensor carpi radialis brevis t Extensor carpi radialis longus t Scapholunate lig Scaphoid Radial styloid Radioscaphocapitate lig Cephalic v Extensor pollicis brevis t Abductor pollicis longus t Radial a Radiolunotriquetral lig Flexor carpi radialis t Flexor pollicis longus t Median n

Dorsal vv, superficial Extensor digitorum tt Extensor digiti minimi t Lunotriquetral lig Extensor carpi ulnaris t Triquetrum Lunate Extensor indicis t Flexor digitorum profundus tt Ulnar n Ulnar a, deep Flexor carpi ulnaris t Ulnar a, superficial Palmar carpal lig Palmaris longus t

Flexor digitorum superficialis tt

Figure 7.1.8

Extensor Scapholunate Extensor pollicis longus t lig retinaculum

Extensor digitorum tt

Extensor digiti minimi t

Extensor carpi radialis brevis t Dorsal radiotriquetral lig Extensor carpi radialis longus t Scaphoid Radial collateral lig Scapholunate lig Radioscaphocapitate lig Extensor pollicis brevis t Abductor pollicis longus t

Extensor indicis t Triquetrum Extensor carpi ulnaris t Lunate Radiolunotriquetral lig Pisiform Flexor digitorum profundus tt Ulnar n Ulnar a, deep

Radial a Radiolunotriquetral lig Ulnar a, Flexor carpi Flexor Flexor Median n Flexor Palmaris Palmar carpi pollicis digitorum longus t carpal lig superficial ulnaris t radialis t longus t superficialis tt

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE WRIST  175

Figure 7.1.9

Extensor carpi radialis Superficial dorsal v brevis t

Extensor retinaculum

Extensor digitorum tt

Extensor digiti minimi t

Extensor pollicis longus t Dorsal scaphotriquetral lig Extensor carpi radialis longus t Dorsal radiotriquetral lig Scaphoid Radial collateral lig Capitate Cephalic v Radioscaphocapitate lig Extensor pollicis brevis t Abductor pollicis longus t Radial a, deep Flexor pollicis longus t Flexor carpi radialis t

Extensor indicis t Triquetrum Extensor carpi ulnaris t Medial pisotriquetral lig Lunate Radiolunotriquetral lig Flexor digitorum profundus tt Pisiform Ulnar n Flexor carpi ulnaris t Ulnar a, deep

Radial a, Median n superficial

Figure 7.1.10

Extensor pollicis longus t

Flexor digitorum superficialis tt

Palmaris longus t

Palmar carpal lig

Ulnar a, superficial

Extensor carpi radialis brevis t Extensor digitorum tt

Extensor carpi radialis longus t

Extensor digiti minimi t Extensor indicis t Extensor carpi ulnaris t Hamate Triquetrum Palmar scaphotriquetral lig Flexor digitorum profundus tt

Dorsal scaphotriquetral lig Scaphoid Capitate Radial a, deep Extensor pollicis brevis t Abductor pollicis longus t Flexor pollicis longus t

Pisiform Flexor carpi ulnaris t Ulnar n

Flexor carpi radialis t Radial a, superficial

Median n

Ulnar a, Ulnar a, Flexor Palmaris Palmar digitorum longus t carpal lig superficial deep superficialis tt

176  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE WRIST

Figure 7.1.11

Extensor carpi radialis brevis t Extensor pollicis longus t

Extensor digitorum tt Extensor digiti minimi t Extensor indicis t Extensor carpi ulnaris t Hamate

Extensor carpi radialis longus t Dorsal scaphotriquetral lig Capitate

Triquetrum Palmar scaphotriquetral lig, distal bands Flexor digitorum profundus tt Abductor digiti minimi m

Scaphoid Radial a, deep Extensor pollicis brevis t Abductor pollicis longus t Flexor digitorum superficialis tt Flexor pollicis longus t

Figure 7.1.12

Pisiform Flexor carpi ulnaris t Ulnar a, deep Flexor carpi radialis t

Radial a, Median n superficial

Extensor pollicis longus t

Palmaris Flexor Ulnar a, Ulnar n longus t retinaculum superficial

Extensor carpi radialis brevis t

Extensor carpi radialis longus t Capitate Radial a, deep Scaphoid Trapezium Extensor pollicis brevis t Abductor pollicis longus t Abductor pollicis brevis m Flexor carpi radialis t Flexor pollicis longus t Flexor digitorum Radial a, Flexor Median n Palmaris Ulnar a, Ulnar n superficialis tt superficial longus t retinaculum superficial

Extensor digitorum tt Extensor digiti minimi t Extensor indicis t Extensor carpi ulnaris t Hamate Triquetrum Palmar scaphotriquetral lig, distal bands Flexor digitorum profundus tt Abductor digiti minimi m Flexor carpi ulnaris t Ulnar a, deep

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE WRIST  177

Figure 7.1.13

Capitate

Extensor carpi radialis brevis t

Extensor digitorum tt Extensor digiti minimi t Extensor indicis t Hamate

Extensor pollicis longus t Extensor carpi radialis longus t Trapezoid

Extensor carpi ulnaris t

Radial a, deep Trapezium

Abductor digiti minimi m Flexor carpi ulnaris t Flexor digitorum profundus tt

Abductor pollicis longus t Extensor pollicis brevis t Flexor carpi radialis t

Hook of hamate

Flexor pollicis longus t

Ulnar a, deep

Tubercle of trapezium Radial a, superficial

Figure 7.1.14

Ulnar n Abductor pollicis brevis m

Flexor Median n Palmaris Flexor Ulnar a, digitorum longus t retinaculum superficial superficialis tt

Extensor digitorum tt

Extensor digiti minimi t

Extensor carpi radialis brevis t Extensor carpi radialis longus t Extensor pollicis longus t Capitate Trapezoid Radial a, deep Trapezium Flexor pollicis longus t Extensor pollicis brevis t Flexor carpi radialis t Abductor pollicis longus t Tubercle of trapezium Opponens pollicis brevis m Abductor Flexor Median n Palmaris Radial a, pollicis brevis m superficial digitorum longus t superficialis tt

Extensor indicis t Hamate and hook of hamate Extensor carpi ulnaris t Flexor carpi ulnaris t Abductor digiti minimi m Flexor digitorum profundus tt Flexor digiti minimi brevis m Opponens digiti minimi m Ulnar n Ulnar a, deep branch

Flexor retinaculum

Ulnar a, superficial

178  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE WRIST

Figure 7.1.15

Extensor carpi radialis brevis t

Capitate

Extensor digitorum tt

Extensor indicis t

Extensor carpi radialis longus t Extensor pollicis longus t Trapezoid Radial a, deep Trapezium Flexor pollicis longus t Extensor pollicis brevis t Flexor carpi radialis t Abductor pollicis longus t Opponens pollicis brevis m Radial a, superficial Abductor pollicis brevis m

Figure 7.1.16

Hamate and hook of hamate Extensor digiti minimi t Fifth metacarpal Extensor carpi ulnaris t Abductor digiti minimi m Flexor digitorum profundus tt Flexor digiti minimi brevis m Opponens digiti minimi m Ulnar a, deep Ulnar n

Flexor digitorum superficialis tt

Adductor pollicis m Extensor carpi radialis longus t Flexor pollicis brevis m Extensor pollicis longus t Radial a, deep Trapezium Flexor carpi radialis t Extensor pollicis brevis t First metacarpal Flexor pollicis longus t Opponens pollicis brevis m Abductor pollicis longus t Abductor pollicis brevis m Radial a, superficial

Median n

Extensor carpi radialis brevis t

Palmaris longus t

Flexor retinaculum

Extensor digitorum tt

Ulnar a, superficial

Extensor indicis t

Fourth metacarpal Extensor digiti minimi t Fifth metacarpal Abductor digiti minimi m Flexor digitorum profundus tt Ulnar a, deep

Flexor digitorum superficialis tt

Median n Palmaris Flexor longus t retinaculum

Ulnar a, superficial

Flexor digiti minimi brevis m Opponens digiti minimi m Ulnar n

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE WRIST  179

Figure 7.1.17

Extensor carpi Third radialis brevis t metacarpal

Second metacarpal Extensor carpi radialis longus t Flexor carpi radialis t Extensor pollicis longus t Radial a, deep palmar arch Adductor pollicis m Flexor pollicis brevis m Extensor pollicis brevis t First metacarpal Flexor pollicis longus t Abductor pollicis longus t Opponens pollicis brevis m

Extensor digitorum tt

Extensor indicis t

Extensor digiti minimi t Fourth metacarpal Fifth metacarpal Abductor digiti minimi m Deep palmar arch Flexor digitorum profundus tt Flexor digiti minimi brevis m Opponens digiti minimi m Ulnar n

Abductor pollicis Radial a, superficial brevis m

Figure 7.1.18

Median n, branches

Third metacarpal Extensor carpi radialis brevis t Second metacarpal Flexor carpi radialis t Extensor pollicis longus t Radial a, deep palmar arch Adductor pollicis m Flexor pollicis brevis m Extensor pollicis brevis t First metacarpal Flexor pollicis longus t Opponens pollicis brevis m Radial a, superficial

Palmar Flexor digitorum Ulnar a, aponeurosis superficialis tt superficial

Extensor digitorum tt

Extensor indicis t

Palmar Abductor pollicis Median n, Flexor digitorum brevis m branches aponeurosis superficialis tt

Ulnar a, superficial

Fourth metacarpal Extensor digiti minimi t Fifth metacarpal Abductor digiti minimi m Deep palmar arch Flexor digitorum profundus tt Flexor digiti minimi brevis m Opponens digiti minimi m Ulnar n

180  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE WRIST

SAGITTAL Figure 7.2.1

Flexor pollicis brevis m

Adductor pollicis m First dorsal interosseous m

Opponens pollicis m Radial a

Second metacarpal

First metacarpal Extensor carpi radialis longus t Abductor pollicis brevis m Trapezium Radial a

Abductor pollicis longus t

Extensor pollicis longus t

Extensor pollicis brevis t

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Figure 7.2.2 Flexor pollicis brevis m

Adductor pollicis m, transverse head First dorsal interosseous m

Deep palmar arch Opponens pollicis m First metacarpal Abductor pollicis brevis m

Adductor pollicis m, oblique head Second metacarpal Carpometacarpal ligs Extensor carpi radialis longus t

Trapezium

Radial a, deep

Extensor pollicis longus t Extensor carpi radialis longus t Extensor pollicis brevis t

Abductor pollicis longus t

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE WRIST  181

Figure 7.2.3 Radial a, superficial palmar arch Flexor pollicis brevis m Deep palmar arch Opponens pollicis m

Palmar digital a, common Adductor pollicis m, transverse head First dorsal interosseous m Adductor pollicis m, oblique head Second metacarpal

First metacarpal Abductor pollicis brevis m

Trapezoid

Trapezium Scaphotrapezial intercarpal lig Radioscaphocapitate lig Radial a

Scaphoid tuberosity Extensor pollicis longus t Radial styloid

Radiolunotriquetral lig Extensor carpi radialis longus t Radius

Pronator quadratus m

Figure 7.2.4 Flexor pollicis longus t

Palmar digital a, common Second dorsal interosseous m Adductor pollicis m, transverse head

Deep palmar arch Flexor pollicis brevis m, superficial Flexor carpi radialis t Opponens pollicis m Abductor pollicis brevis m Trapezium

Palmar scaphotriquetral lig

Flexor pollicis brevis m, deep head Adductor pollicis m, oblique head Second metacarpal

Trapezoid Extensor carpi radialis brevis t Scaphoid tuberosity

Radioscaphocapitate lig Radioulnotriquetral lig Radial a, superficial palmar arch

Radius Pronator quadratus m Radial a

Extensor pollicis longus t

Extensor carpi radialis longus t

182  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE WRIST

Figure 7.2.5

3DOPDUGLJLWDODFRPPRQ 6HFRQGGRUVDO LQWHURVVHRXVP $GGXFWRUSROOLFLVP WUDQVYHUVHKHDG 'HHSSDOPDUDUFK )OH[RUSROOLFLVEUHYLVP VXSHUILFLDO )OH[RUSROOLFLVORQJXVW 2SSRQHQVSROOLFLVP $EGXFWRUSROOLFLVEUHYLVP 7UDSH]LXP )OH[RUUHWLQDFXOXP 3DOPDUVFDSKRWULTXHWUDOOLJ

$GGXFWRUSROOLFLVP REOLTXHKHDG )OH[RUSROOLFLVEUHYLVP GHHSKHDG 6HFRQGPHWDFDUSDO 7UDSH]RLG ([WHQVRUFDUSLUDGLDOLV EUHYLVW 6FDSKRLGWXEHURVLW\

5DGLRVFDSKRFDSLWDWHOLJ

$FFHVVRU\UDGLRFDUSDO IDVFLFXOXVRISURQDWRU TXDGUDWXVPYDULDQW 5DGLRXOQRWULTXHWUDOOLJ

([WHQVRUSROOLFLVORQJXVW

)OH[RUFDUSLUDGLDOLVW 5DGLXV

3URQDWRUTXDGUDWXVP )OH[RUSROOLFLVORQJXVP

([WHQVRUSROOLFLVEUHYLVP

Figure 7.2.6 Deep palmar arch

Second dorsal interosseous m Adductor pollicis m, transverse head Extensor digitorum t Third metacarpal

Flexor pollicis brevis m, superficial Flexor pollicis longus t Opponens pollicis m Abductor pollicis brevis m Flexor retinaculum Palmar scaphotriquetral lig, distal band Palmar scaphotriquetral lig, proximal band Radioscaphocapitate lig Radioulnotriquetral lig Accessory radiocarpal fasciculus of pronator quadratus m (variant)

Adductor pollicis m, oblique head Flexor pollicis brevis m, deep head Second metacarpal Trapezoid Capitotrapezoid intercarpal lig Capitate Dorsal scaphotriquetral lig Scaphoid Dorsal radiotriquetral lig Extensor retinaculum Extensor pollicis longus t

Median n Radius Flexor pollicis longus m Pronator quadratus m Extensor pollicis brevis m

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE WRIST  183

Figure 7.2.7

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Second lumbrical m Second dorsal interosseous m Deep palmar arch Flexor digitorum profundus t Median n, branch Flexor pollicis brevis m Palmar aponeurosis

Third metacarpal Adductor pollicis m, transverse head Extensor digitorum t Adductor pollicis m, oblique head Carpometacarpal lig

Opponens pollicis m Abductor pollicis brevis m Palmar scaphotriquetral lig, distal band Flexor retinaculum Median n Radioscaphocapitate lig Palmar scaphotriquetral lig, distal band Palmaris longus t Radiolunotriquetral lig

Capitate Extensor indicis t Dorsal scaphotriquetral lig Scaphoid Dorsal radiotriquetral lig Extensor retinaculum

Scapholunate intercarpal lig Radius

Lister’s tubercle

Flexor digitorum profundus t Flexor digitorum superficialis m and t Pronator quadratus m

Extensor pollicis longus m

184  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE WRIST

Figure 7.2.9

Third lumbrical m Deep palmar arch Median n

Flexor digitorum superficialis t Palmar aponeurosis

Third dorsal interosseous m Adductor pollicis m, transverse head Third metacarpal Fourth metacarpal Adductor pollicis m, oblique head

Abductor pollicis brevis m Palmar scaphotriquetral lig, distal band Palmaris longus t Flexor retinaculum Palmar scaphotriquetral lig, proximal band Lunate Radiolunotriquetral lig Scapholunate intercarpal lig

Extensor digitorum t Capitate

Dorsal scaphotriquetral lig Dorsal radiotriquetral lig Extensor retinaculum Extensor indicis m

Radius Flexor digitorum superficialis m and t Flexor digitorum profundus m and t Pronator quadratus m Extensor pollicis longus m

Figure 7.2.10

Third lumbrical m

Deep palmar arch Superficial palmar arch

Third dorsal interosseous m Second palmar interosseous m Fourth metacarpal

Palmar aponeurosis Abductor pollicis brevis m Flexor digitorum superficialis t Flexor digitorum profundus t Palmar scaphotriquetral lig, distal band Palmar scaphotriquetral lig, proximal band Flexor retinaculum Radiolunotriquetral lig Short radiolunate lig

Carpometacarpal lig Hamate Capitohamate intercarpal lig Capitate Dorsal scaphotriquetral lig Extensor retinaculum Dorsal radiotriquetral lig Lunate

Extensor digitorum t Radius Flexor digitorum superficialis m and t Flexor digitorum profundus m and t Pronator quadratus m

Extensor indicis m

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE WRIST  185

Figure 7.2.11

Second palmar interosseous m Third dorsal interosseous m Extensor digitorum t Deep palmar arch Ulnar a, superficial palmar arch Opponens digiti minimi m Palmaris brevis m Palmar aponeurosis Flexor digitorum superficialis t Flexor digitorum profundus t Palmar scaphotriquetral lig, distal band Palmar scaphotriquetral lig, proximal band Flexor retinaculum Radiolunotriquetral lig Short radiolunate lig

Fourth metacarpal

Carpometacarpal lig

Hamate Dorsal capitohamate intercarpal lig Dorsal scaphotriquetral lig Extensor retinaculum Dorsal radiotriquetral lig Lunate Dorsal radioulnar lig

Radius Flexor digitorum superficialis m and t Flexor digitorum profundus m and t

Extensor indicis m

Pronator quadratus m Extensor digitorum t

Figure 7.2.12 Fourth lumbrical m

Deep palmar arch

Third palmar interosseous m Extensor digitorum t

Fourth metacarpal

Opponens digiti minimi m Flexor digiti minimi brevis m Palmaris brevis m Hook of hamate Flexor digitorum superficialis t Flexor digitorum profundus t Ulnar n Palmar scaphotriquetral lig

Radiolunotriquetral lig Ulnolunate lig Short radiolunate lig Radius

Flexor digitorum profundus m and t Pronator quadratus m

Carpometacarpal lig Hamate

Dorsal scaphotriquetral lig Extensor retinaculum Dorsal radiotriquetral lig Lunate Dorsal ulnotriquetral lig Extensor digiti minimi t Triangular fibrocartilage Dorsal radioulnar lig Ulna Extensor digiti minimi m and t Extensor digitorum t Extensor indicis m

186  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE WRIST

Figure 7.2.13 Third palmar interosseous m Opponens digiti minimi m Flexor digiti minimi brevis m Ulnar a, deep Carpometacarpal lig

Extensor digitorum t Fourth dorsal interosseous m Fourth metacarpal Fifth metacarpal

Palmaris brevis m Hook of hamate

Hamate

Ulnar a Pisohamate lig Palmar scaphotriquetral lig Abductor digiti minimi m Palmar ulnotriquetral lig Ulnar n Radiolunotriquetral lig Ulnolunate lig Palmar radioulnar lig Ulnar a

Triquetrum Extensor retinaculum Dorsal radiotriquetral lig Dorsal ulnotriquetral lig Lunate Extensor digiti minimi t Triangular fibrocartilage Ulna

Flexor digitorum profundus m and t Pronator quadratus m Ulnar n

Figure 7.2.14

Extensor digiti minimi m Extensor indicis m

Extensor digitorum t Third palmar interosseous m

Fourth dorsal interosseous m

Flexor digiti minimi brevis m Opponens digiti minimi m

Fifth metacarpal

Carpometacarpal lig Palmaris brevis m

Hook of hamate Hamate

Abductor digiti minimi m Pisiform Radiolunotriquetral lig Palmar ulnotriquetral lig Triangular fibrocartilage Palmar radioulnar lig

Triquetrum Extensor retinaculum Dorsal radiotriquetral lig Extensor digiti minimi t Dorsal ulnotriquetral lig Lunotriquetral intercarpal lig Lunate

Ulnar n Ulna Flexor carpi ulnaris t Pronator quadratus m Extensor indicis m Extensor digiti minimi m and t

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE WRIST  187

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Figure 7.2.16 Flexor digiti minimi brevis m Opponens digiti minimi m

Fifth metacarpal Extensor digiti minimi t

Palmaris brevis m

Abductor digiti minimi m

Triquetrum

Ulnar collateral lig Pisiform Extensor retinaculum Extensor carpi ulnaris t Ulnar styloid

Ulna

Pronator quadratus m Extensor carpi ulnaris m

188  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE WRIST

Figure 7.2.17

Fifth metacarpal Flexor digiti minimi brevis m Extensor digiti minimi t

Opponens digiti minimi m

Base of fifth metacarpal

Abductor digiti minimi m Extensor carpi ulnaris t

Extensor retinaculum

Ulna

Extensor carpi ulnaris t

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE WRIST  189

CORONAL Figure 7.3.1

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Opponens digiti minimi m Abductor digiti minimi m Flexor retinaculum Abductor pollicis brevis m Flexor digitorum profundus t Flexor pollicis longus t

Flexor digiti minimi brevis m Pisiform Flexor digitorum superficialis tt Ulnar n

Flexor carpi radialis t Median n

Ulnar a

Flexor carpi ulnaris m Flexor digitorum superficialis m

190  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE WRIST

Figure 7.3.3

Flexor retinaculum Flexor pollicis longus t Trapezium Abductor pollicis brevis m Scaphoid tuberosity Radioscaphocapitate lig

Opponens digiti minimi m Flexor digitorum superficialis tt Abductor digiti minimi m Flexor digiti minimi brevis m Hook of hamate Pisiform Flexor digitorum profundus tt

Radial a Flexor pollicis longus t Ulnar n Median n

Flexor carpi ulnaris m Flexor digitorum profundus m

Figure 7.3.4

Flexor pollicis longus t Trapezium Abductor pollicis brevis m Scaphoid tuberosity Radioscaphocapitate lig Radiolunotriquetral lig

Radial a Radius

Opponens digiti minimi m Flexor digitorum superficialis tt Abductor digiti minimi m Flexor digiti minimi brevis m Hook of hamate Flexor digitorum profundus tt Pisiform Medial pisotriquetral lig

Ulnar n

Flexor pollicis longus t Pronator quadratus m

Cephalic v Flexor digitorum profundus m

Flexor carpi ulnaris m

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE WRIST  191

Figure 7.3.5 First metacarpal Trapezium Carpometacarpal lig Scaphoid Abductor pollicis longus t Radial a Radioscaphocapitate lig Radiolunotriquetral lig Scapholunate lig Lunate Brachioradialis t Radius

Opponens digiti minimi m Flexor digitorum profundus tt Abductor digiti minimi m Flexor carpi ulnaris t (pisometacarpal lig) Hook of hamate Palmar scaphotriquetral lig, proximal band Triquetrum Radiolunotriquetral lig Medial pisotriquetral lig Ulnotriquetral lig Palmar radioulnar lig

Cephalic v Pronator quadratus m Flexor pollicis longus m and t Flexor digitorum profundus m

Figure 7.3.6

First metacarpal Trapezium Carpometacarpal lig Extensor pollicis brevis t Radial a Radial collateral lig Scaphoid Radial styloid Abductor pollicis longus t Scapholunate lig Lunate Radius Brachioradialis t

Flexor carpi ulnaris m Ulna

Flexor digitorum profundus tt Abductor digiti minimi m Flexor carpi ulnaris t Hook of hamate Palmar scaphotriquetral lig, distal band Triquetrum Ulnotriquetral lig Ulnar collateral lig, meniscus homologue Triangular fibrocartilage disc Cartilage attachment of triangular fibrocartilage

Pronator quadratus m Flexor pollicis longus m

Ulna

192  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE WRIST

Figure 7.3.7

First metacarpal Trapezium Trapezoid Radial a Extensor pollicis brevis t Radial collateral lig Radial styloid Scaphoid Lunate Scapholunate lig Radius Abductor pollicis longus t

Fifth metacarpal Intercarpal ligs Hamate Capitate Triquetrum Ulnotriquetral lig Ulnar collateral lig, meniscus homologue Triangular fibrocartilage disc Cartilage attachment of triangular fibrocartilage Ulnar head

Brachioradialis t Pronator quadratus m

Figure 7.3.8

Second metacarpal First metacarpal Trapezium Trapezoid Radial a Dorsal intercarpal lig Radial collateral lig Radial styloid Scaphoid Lunate Scapholunate lig

Extensor pollicis brevis t Radius Abductor pollicis longus t Brachioradialis t Pronator quadratus m Extensor carpi radialis brevis m

Fourth metacarpal Fifth metacarpal Extensor carpi ulnaris t Dorsal carpometacarpal lig Hamate Capitate Triquetrum Lunotriquetral lig Ulnar collateral lig, meniscus homologue Triangular fibrocartilage disc Ulnar styloid Ulna Distal radioulnar joint

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE WRIST  193

Figure 7.3.9

Second metacarpal Third metacarpal First metacarpal Trapezium Trapezoid Radial a Dorsal trapezotriquetral lig Scaphoid Lunate Scapholunate lig

Fifth metacarpal Fourth metacarpal Dorsal carpometacarpal lig Hamate Capitate Extensor carpi ulnaris t Triquetrum Lunotriquetral lig Ulnar collateral lig Triangular fibrocartilage disc Ulnar styloid

Radius Extensor pollicis brevis t Extensor carpi radialis brevis m Abductor pollicis longus t Pronator quadratus m

Figure 7.3.10

Third metacarpal Second metacarpal Trapezium Trapezoid Intercarpal lig

Ulna Distal radioulnar joint

Extensor carpi ulnaris m

Fifth metacarpal Fourth metacarpal Extensor digiti minimi t Hamate Intercarpal lig Capitate

Dorsal scaphotriquetral lig Dorsal trapezotriquetral lig Scaphoid Lunate

Extensor carpi ulnaris t Dorsal radiotriquetral lig Dorsal radioulnar lig

Extensor carpi radialis longus t Radius Extensor pollicis brevis t Extensor carpi radialis brevis m Extensor pollicis longus m Abductor pollicis longus t

Ulna Extensor carpi ulnaris t Distal radioulnar joint

Extensor indicis m

194  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE WRIST

Figure 7.3.11

Fourth metacarpal Second metacarpal

Third metacarpal

Trapezium Trapezoid Intercarpal lig Dorsal trapezotriquetral lig

Hamate

Dorsal scaphotriquetral lig

Extensor digiti minimi t

Dorsal radiotriquetral lig Extensor carpi radialis longus t Extensor carpi radialis brevis t Radius

Capitate

Dorsal radioulnar lig Ulna

Extensor pollicis brevis m and t

Figure 7.3.12

Extensor pollicis longus m and t Abductor pollicis longus t

Extensor indicis m

Second metacarpal

Fourth metacarpal Third metacarpal

Trapezoid Extensor carpi radialis longus t

Capitate

Extensor digitorum t

Dorsal scaphotriquetral lig Extensor carpi radialis brevis t Radius

Extensor digiti minimi t

Extensor indicis m and t Ulna

Extensor pollicis longus t Extensor pollicis brevis m and t

Extensor digitorum m

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE WRIST  195

Figure 7.3.13 Second metacarpal Trapezoid Extensor carpi radialis brevis t

Third metacarpal Capitate

Extensor indicis t Extensor retinaculum Extensor pollicis longus t

Extensor digitorum tt

8

Chapter

MRI of the Hand

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HAND  197

Table 8-1.  Muscles of the Hand MUSCLE

ORIGIN

INSERTION

NERVE SUPPLY

Palmaris brevis

Ulnar border of the palmar aponeurosis

Deep surface of the skin along the ulnar border of the palm

Superficial branch of ulnar (C8, T1)

Abductor pollicis brevis

Palmar surface of the flexor retinaculum, trapezium, and, occasionally, scaphoid

Radial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

Recurrent branch of median (C8, T1)

Opponens pollicis

Palmar surface of the flexor retinaculum and tubercle of the trapezium

Lateral part of the palmar surface of the shaft of the first metacarpal

Recurrent branch of median (C8, T1)

Flexor pollicis brevis

Superficial head: trapezium, adjacent part of the flexor retinaculum, and tendon sheath of the flexor carpi radialis; deep head: trapezoid and capitate

Superficial head: lateral side of the palmar aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx; deep head: into a tendon of the superficial head

Recurrent branch of median and deep branch of ulnar (C8, T1)

Adductor pollicis brevis

Carpal head: flexor retinaculum, capitate, bases of the second and third metacarpals; metacarpal head: palmar ridges of the third metacarpal and capsules of the second, third, and fourth metacarpophalangeal articulations

Ulnar side of the palmar aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

Recurrent branch of median (C8, T1)

Abductor digiti minimi

Distal half of the pisiform, pisihamate ligament, tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris, and, frequently, the flexor retinaculum

Two tendons: (1) the ulnar side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the little finger, and (2) the aponeurosis of the extensor tendon of the little finger

Deep palmar division of ulnar (C8, T1)

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Hook of the hamate and adjacent parts of the flexor retinaculum

Ulnar side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the little finger

Superficial or deep palmar branch of ulnar (C8, T1)

Opponens digiti minimi

Distal border of the hook of the hamate and adjacent flexor retinaculum

Medial surface of the body and particularly onto the head of the fifth metacarpal

Deep palmar branch of ulnar (C8, T1)

Lumbrical

Two lateral lumbricals: radial and palmar sides of the first and second tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus; two medial lumbricals: adjacent side of the second and third tendons, and the third and fourth tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus

Into the radial border of the tendon of the extensor digitorum on the dorsal aspect of the proximal phalanx

Median, lateral two or three lumbricals; ulnar, deep palmar branch, medial one or two lumbricals (C8, T1)

Interosseous

Palmar interosseous: anterior border of the shaft of the first, second, fourth, and fifth metacarpals. The first arises near the base and the others arise from three fourths of the shaft of the bone. Dorsal interosseous: adjacent sides of the metacarpal bones in each metacarpal interspace

Into the expansion on the axial side of the corresponding digit. The first palmar interosseous is described frequently as a division of the flexor brevis or adductor pollicis. The first dorsal interosseous usually inserts onto the proximal phalanx. The other three insert into the extensor expansion and proximal phalanx

Deep palmar branch of ulnar (C8, T1)

198  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HAND

AXIAL Figure 8.1.1

Extensor carpi radialis longus t

Extensor carpi radialis brevis t

Second metacarpal

Extensor digitorum tt

Extensor pollicis longus t Radial a, deep palmar arch Extensor pollicis brevis t First metacarpal

Extensor indicis t Extensor digiti minimi t Third, fourth, and fifth metacarpals Abductor digiti minimi t Flexor digitorum profundus tt Flexor digiti minimi brevis m Opponens digiti minimi m Palmaris brevis m Ulnar a, superficial and deep

Flexor pollicis longus t Opponens pollicis brevis m Flexor pollicis brevis m Abductor pollicis brevis m

Figure 8.1.2

Radial a, Median n superficial palmar arch

Extensor carpi radialis longus t

Second metacarpal

Flexor digitorum Palmar aponeurosis superficialis tt

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Extensor carpi radialis brevis t

Deep palmar arch Extensor pollicis longus t

Extensor digitorum tt Extensor indicis t Extensor digiti minimi t Third, fourth, and fifth metacarpals Abductor digiti minimi t Flexor digitorum profundus tt Flexor digiti minimi brevis m Opponens digiti minimi m Palmaris brevis m Ulnar a, superficial and deep

Extensor pollicis brevis t First metacarpal Flexor pollicis longus t Opponens pollicis brevis m Flexor pollicis brevis m Abductor pollicis brevis m

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

Median n

Palmar aponeurosis

Flexor digitorum superficialis tt

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HAND  199

Figure 8.1.3

Second metacarpal

Extensor indicis t

Extensor digitorum tt

First dorsal interosseous m

Extensor digiti minimi t Fourth dorsal interosseous m Third, fourth, and fifth metacarpals Abductor digiti minimi t Third palmar interosseous m

Extensor pollicis longus t Deep palmar arch Extensor pollicis brevis t First metacarpal Flexor pollicis longus t Opponens pollicis brevis m Flexor pollicis brevis m

Flexor digitorum profundus tt Flexor digiti minimi brevis m Opponens digiti minimi m Palmaris brevis m

Abductor pollicis brevis m

Figure 8.1.4

Second metacarpal

Adductor Median n Ulnar a, Palmar Flexor digitorum pollicis m aponeurosis superficialis tt superficial arch

Second dorsal interosseous m

Extensor digitorum tt

Extensor indicis t Extensor digiti minimi t Fourth dorsal interosseous m Third, fourth, and fifth metacarpals Third palmar interosseous m Abductor digiti minimi t Flexor digitorum profundus tt Flexor digiti minimi brevis m Opponens digiti minimi m Palmaris brevis m

First dorsal interosseous m Palmar metacarpal aa Extensor pollicis longus t Extensor pollicis brevis t First metacarpal Opponens pollicis brevis m Flexor pollicis longus t Flexor pollicis brevis m Abductor pollicis brevis m

Adductor Median n, Palmar Flexor digitorum Superficial pollicis m branches aponeurosis superficialis tt palmar arch

200  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HAND

Figure 8.1.5

Second metacarpal

Second dorsal interosseous m

First dorsal interosseous m Palmar metacarpal aa Extensor pollicis longus t Extensor pollicis brevis t First metacarpal Flexor pollicis longus t Opponens pollicis brevis m Flexor pollicis brevis m

3

Extensor digiti minimi t Third and fourth interosseous mm Third palmar interosseous m Abductor digiti minimi t Flexor digitorum profundus tt

4 5

Flexor digiti minimi brevis m Opponens digiti minimi m Abductor pollicis brevis m

Figure 8.1.6

Extensor indicis t

Extensor digitorum tt

First dorsal interosseous m

Adductor pollicis m

Second metacarpal

Median n, branches

Palmar aponeurosis

Second dorsal interosseous m

Flexor digitorum superficialis tt

Extensor digitorum tt

First palmar interosseous m Extensor pollicis longus t

3 4

Extensor pollicis brevis t Palmar metacarpal aa First metacarpal Flexor pollicis longus t Flexor pollicis brevis m Abductor pollicis brevis m

5

Adductor pollicis m

Median n, branches

Superficial palmar arch

Palmar aponeurosis

Extensor indicis t Extensor digiti minimi t Third and fourth dorsal interosseous mm Palmar interosseous mm Abductor digiti minimi t Flexor digitorum profundus tt Flexor digiti minimi brevis m Opponens digiti minimi m Common palmar digital aa Flexor digitorum superficialis tt

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HAND  201

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Second dorsal interosseous m First dorsal interosseous m Extensor indicis t First palmar interosseous m Extensor pollicis longus t Adductor pollicis m with ulnar sesamoid Metacarpophalangeal joint Abductor pollicis brevis m

2

3 4 5

Flexor pollicis longus t

Median n, branches

Extensor digiti minimi t Third and fourth dorsal interosseous mm Second and third palmar interosseous mm Abductor digiti minimi t Flexor digitorum profundus tt Flexor digiti minimi brevis m Flexor digitorum superficialis tt

202  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HAND

Figure 8.1.9

Extensor indicis t Second dorsal interosseous m First dorsal interosseous m First palmar interosseous m Extensor pollicis longus t Adductor pollicis m and t Thumb, proximal phalanx

Extensor digitorum tt Extensor digiti minimi t 2

4 5

Median n, branches

Flexor digitorum superficialis tt

Volar plate sesamoid

Extensor digitorum tt

Extensor indicis t Second dorsal interosseous m First dorsal interosseous m First palmar interosseous m Extensor pollicis longus t Adductor pollicis m and t Thumb, proximal phalanx Flexor pollicis longus t A1 pulley

Third and fourth dorsal interosseous mm Second and third palmar interosseous mm Abductor digiti minimi t Flexor digitorum profundus tt Flexor digiti minimi brevis m

Flexor pollicis longus t

Figure 8.1.10

3

2

3 4

Extensor digiti minimi t Third and fourth dorsal interosseous mm Second and third palmar interosseous mm Abductor digiti minimi t Flexor digitorum profundus tt Flexor digiti minimi brevis m Fifth proximal phalanx

First, second, and third Median n, lumbrical mm branches

Flexor digitorum superficialis tt

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HAND  203

Figure 8.1.11

Extensor indicis t Second dorsal interosseous m First dorsal interosseous m First palmar interosseous m

2

3

4

Extensor pollicis longus t

Extensor digitorum tt Extensor digiti minimi t Third and fourth dorsal interosseous mm Second and third palmar interosseous mm Abductor digiti minimi t Flexor digitorum profundus tt

Extensor expansion (hood)

Fifth proximal phalanx Thumb, Flexor pollicis First and second Flexor digitorum lumbrical mm proximal longus t superficialis tt phalanx

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204  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HAND

Figure 8.1.13

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Flexor digitorum superficial t

Palmar digital a, v, and n

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HAND  205

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Figure 8.2.2

Palmar plate and flexor pollicis longus t

Metacarpophalangeal joint Thumb, proximal phalanx Radial collateral lig Abductor pollicis brevis t and extensor expansion (hood)

Adductor aponeurosis Ulnar collateral lig First dorsal interosseous m First metacarpal

206  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HAND

Figure 8.2.3

Index finger

Flexor pollicis longus t

Thumb, proximal phalanx

Adductor pollicis m and adductor aponeurosis Ulnar collateral lig

Radial collateral lig Abductor pollicis brevis t and extensor expansion (hood)

First dorsal interosseous n Metacarpophalangeal joint First metacarpal

Figure 8.2.4 Index finger, proximal phalanx

Flexor pollicis longus t Flexor pollicis brevis m with radial sesamoid

First dorsal interosseous m

Adductor pollicis m with ulnar sesamoid

Opponens pollicis m Abductor pollicis brevis m

First metacarpal

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HAND  207

Figure 8.2.5

Index finger, middle phalanx

Index finger, proximal phalanx Volar plate sesamoid

Second metacarpal

First lumbrical m

Adductor pollicis m Flexor pollicis longus t Flexor pollicis brevis m, superficial

First dorsal interosseous m Flexor pollicis brevis m, deep

Opponens pollicis m Abductor pollicis brevis m Trapezium

Figure 8.2.6 Index finger, distal phalanx Distal interphalangeal joint Volar plate Flexor digitorum profundus t Volar plate

Proximal interphalangeal joint Extensor digitorum t

Index finger, proximal phalanx Metacarpophalangeal joint Volar plate sesamoid

Second metacarpal

First lumbrical m

Adductor pollicis m First dorsal interosseous m Flexor pollicis longus t

Flexor pollicis brevis m, deep

Flexor pollicis brevis m, superficial Opponens pollicis m Abductor pollicis brevis m

Trapezoid

Trapezium Scaphoid

208  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HAND

Figure 8.2.7 Index finger, distal phalanx Distal interphalangeal joint

Proximal interphalangeal joint

Volar plate

Flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis tt Index finger, proximal phalanx

Extensor digitorum t

Metacarpophalangeal joint

Second metacarpal

First lumbrical m Adductor pollicis m, transverse head First dorsal interosseous m Adductor pollicis m, oblique head Flexor pollicis brevis m, superficial Flexor pollicis brevis m, deep

Flexor pollicis longus t Opponens pollicis m Abductor pollicis brevis m Flexor carpi radialis t Trapezium

Second carpometacarpal joint Trapezoid Scaphoid

Figure 8.2.8

Index finger

Index finger, proximal phalanx Second metacarpal Extensor digitorum t First lumbrical m

Second dorsal interosseous m Adductor pollicis m, transverse head Flexor pollicis brevis m, superficial Opponens pollicis m Abductor pollicis brevis m Flexor pollicis longus t Flexor retinaculum Flexor carpi radialis t

Adductor pollicis m, oblique head Flexor pollicis brevis m, deep Second metacarpal Trapezoid

Scaphoid

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HAND  209

Figure 8.2.9 Long finger, distal phalanx

Long finger, middle phalanx

Long finger, proximal phalanx

Third metacarpal

Second lumbrical m

Second dorsal interosseous m Adductor pollicis m, transverse head Extensor digitorum t Palmar aponeurosis

Adductor pollicis m, oblique head Third metacarpal Capitate

Flexor retinaculum Flexor digitorum superficialis t Flexor digitorum profundus t

Figure 8.2.10 Long finger, distal phalanx A5 pulley Volar plate Flexor digitorum profundus t A4 pulley Volar plate A3 pulley

Distal interphalangeal joint

Long finger, middle phalanx Proximal interphalangeal joint Extensor digitorum t

C1 pulley A2 pulley Long finger, proximal phalanx A1 pulley Volar plate

Metacarpophalangeal joint

Third metacarpal Third lumbrical m Second dorsal interosseous m Adductor pollicis m, transverse head Flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis tt Palmar aponeurosis Opponens digiti minimi m Flexor retinaculum

Adductor pollicis m, oblique head Third metacarpal Third carpometacarpal joint Capitate

210  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HAND

Figure 8.2.11 Long finger, distal phalanx Volar plate

Long finger, middle phalanx Flexor digitorum profundus t Volar plate A3 pulley

Proximal interphalangeal joint

C1 pulley A2 pulley Long finger, proximal phalanx Volar plate

Metacarpophalangeal joint Extensor digitorum t Third metacarpal

Adductor pollicis m, transverse head Flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis tt Opponens digiti minimi m Flexor retinaculum

Fourth metacarpal Hamate

Figure 8.2.12

Long finger, middle phalanx

Palmar digital a, proper

Long finger, proximal phalanx Third metacarpal head Extensor digitorum t Third lumbrical m Third dorsal interosseous m Second palmar interosseous m Flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis tt Opponens digiti minimi m Hook of hamate Flexor digitorum profundus t Ulnar n

Fourth metacarpal Hamate Triquetrum

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HAND  211

Figure 8.2.13 Nail

Palmar digital a, proper

Ring finger, proximal phalanx Volar plate Flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis tt

Fourth metacarpal head Extensor digitorum t

Third palmar interosseous m Opponens digiti minimi m Flexor digiti minimi brevis m

Fifth metacarpal Hamate

Flexor carpi ulnaris t Pisiform

Triquetrum

Figure 8.2.14 Ring finger, distal phalanx Distal interphalangeal joint Flexor digitorum profundus t Flexor digitorum superficialis t Ring finger, middle phalanx Volar plate

Proximal interphalangeal joint

Ring finger, proximal phalanx Flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis tt Volar plate

Metacarpophalangeal joint Fourth metacarpal head Extensor digitorum t

Fourth dorsal interosseous m Third palmar interosseous m Opponens digiti minimi m Fifth metacarpal Flexor digiti minimi m Abductor digiti minimi m Extensor carpi ulnaris t

212  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HAND

Figure 8.2.15 Ring finger, distal phalanx

Ring finger, middle phalanx Flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis tt

Proximal interphalangeal joint

Volar plate

Ring finger, proximal phalanx Fourth metacarpal head Fourth lumbrical m Flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis tt

Extensor digitorum and extensor digiti minimi tt Third palmar interosseous m Fourth dorsal interosseous m

Opponens digiti minimi m Fifth metacarpal Flexor digiti minimi m

Extensor carpi ulnaris t

Abductor digiti minimi m

Figure 8.2.16

Small finger, proximal phalanx Flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis tt Volar plate sesamoid Flexor digiti minimi m Opponens digiti minimi m Abductor digiti minimi m

Metacarpophalangeal joint Extensor expansion (hood) Extensor digitorum and extensor digiti minimi tt Fifth metacarpal head

UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HAND  213

Figure 8.2.17

Small finger, middle phalanx Proximal interphalangeal joint Volar plate Flexor digitorum profundus t Flexor superficialis t Small finger, proximal phalanx Flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis tt

Extensor expansion (hood) Fifth metacarpal head

Volar plate

Abductor digiti minimi m

Figure 8.2.18

Volar plate

Small finger, distal phalanx Distal interphalangeal joint

Small finger, middle phalanx Flexor digitorum and superficialis tt Volar plate

Small finger, proximal phalanx

Abductor digiti minimi m

Proximal interphalangeal joint

214  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HAND

CORONAL Figure 8.3.1

Flexor pollicis brevis m Abductor pollicis brevis m Flexor pollicis longus t Base of first metacarpal Abductor pollicis longus t Trapezium Flexor carpi radialis t Median n

Palmar aponeurosis

Palmaris brevis m Ulnar a, superficial palmar arch Flexor digitorum superficialis t Pisiform Flexor retinaculum Palmaris longus t

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

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UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HAND  215

Figure 8.3.3 Small finger, middle phalanx

Lumbrical mm Volar plate Adductor pollicis m, oblique head

1

First metacarpal

Flexor digitorum superficialis tt Opponens digiti minimi m Abductor digiti minimi m Flexor digiti minimi m Hook of hamate

Flexor pollicis brevis m Trapezium

Pisohamate lig

Extensor pollicis brevis t Scaphoid tuberosity Abductor pollicis longus t Radioscaphocapitate lig

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216  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HAND

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UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HAND  217

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Extensor expansion (hood), sagittal band

2

3 Extensor expansion (hood)

Second dorsal interosseous m First dorsal interosseous m

Third dorsal interosseous m

Base of second, third, and fourth metacarpals Trapezoid Capitate Extensor carpi radialis brevis t Extensor digitorum tt Radius

Extensor digiti minimi t Ulna

218  UPPER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HAND

Figure 8.3.9

Extensor expansions (hoods)

Second dorsal interosseous m Extensor digitorum tt

Radius

Ulna

II

Section

Lower Extremity

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9

Chapter

MRI of the Hip

222  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HIP

Table 9-1.  Muscles of the Hip MUSCLE

ORIGIN

INSERTION

NERVE SUPPLY

Obturator internus

Pelvic surface of the pubic rami near the obturator foramen, pelvic surface of the ischium between the foramen and the greater sciatic notch, deep surface of the obturator internus fascia, fibrous arch that surrounds the foramen for obturator vessels and nerve, most of the pelvic surface of the obturator membrane except the lower part

Medial side of the greater trochanter in front of the trochanteric fossa of the femur

Nerve to the obturator internus, from the lumbosacral trunk, and first and second sacral

Obturator externus

Lateral surface of the pubic and ischial rami, where they surround the obturator membrane, lateral surface of the obturator membrane

Trochanteric fossa

Obturator

Gemellus superior

Outer surface of the ischial spine and edge of the lesser sciatic notch

After union with the tendon of the obturator internus, inserts into the medial side of the greater trochanter in front of the trochanteric fossa

By a small nerve, branch of the nerve to obturator internus or branch of the nerve to the quadratus femoris

Gemellus inferior

Upper part of the inner border of the tuberosity of the ischium, sacrotuberous ligament, and edge of the lesser sciatic notch

By union with the tendon of the obturator internus or with the tendon onto the greater trochanter below the obturator internus muscle

By a small branch of the nerve to the quadratus femoris

Quadratus femoris

Upper part of the outer border of the tuberosity of the ischium

The inferior dorsal angle of the greater trochanter

Lumbosacral trunk and first sacral

Psoas major

By a series of thick fasciculi from the intervertebral discs and bodies between T12 and L5, from the bodies of L1 to L4, and from slender fascicles from the ventral surfaces of the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae

The lesser trochanter of the femur

Branches from L1 (often), L2, L3, and L4

Iliacus

Iliac crest, iliolumbar ligament, iliac fossa, anterior sacroiliac ligaments, often from the ala of the sacrum, and from the ventral border of the ilium between the two anterior spines

Lateral surface of the psoas tendon (above the inguinal ligament) onto the femur immediately distal to the lesser trochanter; the lateral portion arises from the ventral border of the ilium and is attached to the tendon of the rectus femoris and the capsule of the hip joint

Femoral and L1 to L4

Tensor fasciae latae

Anterior superior iliac spine and anterior part of the external lip of the iliac crest

Muscle fibers pass distally in parallel array, unite with the tendon, and join the iliotibial tract about one third of the way down the thigh

Superior gluteal

Gluteus medius

Ventral three fourths of the iliac crest, outer surface of the ilium between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines, and from the investing fascia

Onto the posterosuperior angle and the external surface of the greater trochanter

Superior gluteal (L4, L5, S1)

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HIP  223

Table 9-1.  Muscles of the Hip—cont’d MUSCLE

ORIGIN

INSERTION

NERVE SUPPLY

Piriformis

Lateral part of the ventral surface of S2, S3, and S4, posterior border of the greater sciatic notch, from the sacrotuberous ligament near the sacrum

Onto the anterior and inner parts of the upper border of the greater trochanter

S1 or S2 or from a loop between S1 and S2

Gluteus maximus

Dorsal fifth of the outer lip of the iliac crest, ilium dorsal to the posterior gluteal line, thoracolumbar fascia between the posterior superior spine of the ilium and the side of the sacrum, lateral parts of S4, S5, and coccygeal vertebrae, and from the back of the sacrotuberous ligament

Into the iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity of the femur, adjacent part of the tendinous origin of the vastus lateralis

Inferior gluteal by two branches from the sacral plexus (separately or as a united nerve)

Gluteus minimus

Outer surface of the ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines, from the septum between the gluteus minimus and the gluteus medius near the anterior superior, iliac spine and the capsule of the hip joint

Onto the anterior border of the greater trochanter of the femur

Superior gluteal from a branch that supplies the tensor fasciae latae

Biceps femoris, long head

Medial facet on the posterior surface of the ischial tuberosity and sacrotuberous ligament

By a tendon that extends to the head of the fibula

Tibial part of the sciatic

Semitendinosus

Distal margin of the ischial tuberosity and from the tendon common to it and the long head of the biceps femoris

By a triangular tendinous expansion into the proximal part of the medial surface of the tibia behind and distal to the insertion of the gracilis

Sciatic or directly from the lumbosacral plexus by two nerves: from S1 and S2 and from L5 and S1

Semimembranosus

Lateral facet on the posterior surface of the ischial tuberosity

Posterior aspect of the medial tibial condyle

Sciatic branch (also supplies the adductor magnus)

224  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HIP

AXIAL Figure 9.1.1

Internal oblique and transversus abdominis mm

Iliopsoas m Sartorius m

Rectus abdominis m Iliopsoas t External iliac vessels Gluteus minimus m Gluteus medius m

Internal iliac vessels

Ilium

Superior gluteal a and v

Gluteus maximus m

Figure 9.1.2

Piriformis m

Sacrum

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Rectus abdominis m

Iliopsoas m Sartorius m

Internal oblique and transversus abdominis mm

Tensor fasciae latae m

Iliopsoas t

Iliotibial band Gluteus minimus m

External iliac vessels

Gluteus medius m Obturator internus m

Ilium

Rectum Internal iliac vessels

Sacrum

Gluteus maximus m

Piriformis m

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HIP  225

Figure 9.1.3

Rectus abdominis m

Iliopsoas m Sartorius m

Iliopsoas t Tensor fasciae latae m

External iliac a External iliac v Anterior inferior iliac spine

Iliotibial band Gluteus minimus m

Ilium

Gluteus medius m Rectus femoris t, reflected head

Obturator internus m

Rectus femoris t, straight head

Sciatic n

Sacrum

Gluteus maximus m

Figure 9.1.4

Piriformis m

Rectus abdominis m

Iliopsoas m Sartorius m

Iliopsoas t

Rectus femoris t, straight head

External iliac a

Tensor fasciae latae m

External iliac v Gluteus minimus m Iliotibial band Ilium Gluteus medius m

Obturator internus m

Rectus femoris t, reflected head Gluteus medius t

Sciatic n

Piriformis m

Rectum

Sacrum

Gluteus maximus m

226  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HIP

Figure 9.1.5

Iliopsoas m

Rectus abdominis m

Sartorius m Rectus femoris t

Iliopsoas t

Tensor fasciae latae m

Capsule of hip joint

Gluteus minimus m

Femoral head

Iliotibial band

Ilium

Gluteus medius m

Obturator internus m

Gluteus medius t Piriformis m

Sciatic n Inferior gluteal a and v Rectum

Gluteus maximus m

Sacrum

Figure 9.1.6

Iliopsoas t Iliopsoas m

Rectus abdominis m Common femoral a

Sartorius m Rectus femoris t

Common femoral v

Tensor fasciae latae m Rectus femoris m

Anterior acetabular wall

Iliotibial band

Femoral head

Gluteus minimus m

Obturator internus m Posterior acetabular wall

Gluteus medius m

Sciatic n Gluteus medius t

Inferior gluteal a

Gluteus maximus m Sacrum

Piriformis t Piriformis m

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HIP  227

Figure 9.1.7

Iliopsoas t Femoral n

Iliopsoas m Sartorius m

Common femoral a Common femoral v

Rectus femoris t Rectus femoris m Tensor fasciae latae m

Anterior acetabular wall

Gluteus minimus m Gluteus medius m

Acetabular fossa Fovea Femoral head Obturator internus m

Iliotibial band Gluteus minimus t Piriformis t

Posterior acetabular wall

Greater trochanter

Sciatic n

Gluteus medius t

Inferior gluteal a Sacrospinous lig

Gluteus maximus m

Sacrotuberous lig

Figure 9.1.8

Iliopsoas m Sartorius m Rectus femoris t Rectus femoris m Tensor fasciae latae m

Femoral n Lymph node Common femoral a Common femoral v Pectineus m Superior pubic ramus Anterior acetabular wall

Iliopsoas t

Obturator n and vessels Acetabular fossa Femoral head Obturator internus m Posterior acetabular wall Sciatic n Ischial spine

Gluteus minimus m Iliotibial band

Gluteus medius m

Rectum Coccygeus m Gluteus minimus t Gluteus maximus m

Sacrotuberous lig

Greater Obturator Inferior trochanter internus t gluteal a

228  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HIP

Figure 9.1.9

Sartorius m

Femoral a, deep

Rectus femoris m

Spermatic cord

Femoral a, superficial Common femoral v

Tensor fasciae latae m

Pectineus m Superior pubic ramus Iliopsoas t

Iliopsoas m

Femoral head Gluteus minimus m

Urinary bladder

Iliotibial band Gluteus medius m

Obturator internus m Ischium

Gluteus minimus t

Rectum Obturator internus t

Greater trochanter

Gluteus maximus m

Sacrotuberous lig

Femoral Sciatic n neck

Figure 9.1.10

Sartorius m Iliopsoas t

Rectus femoris t Rectus femoris m

Femoral a Femoral v

Lateral femoral circumflex vessels, branches Tensor fasciae latae m Iliopsoas m

Pectineus m Medial femoral circumflex vessel Obturator externus m

Vastus lateralis m Iliotibial band Gluteus minimus m Obturator externus t Gluteus medius m

Obturator internus m Ischial tuberosity Rectum

Greater trochanter

Sacrotuberous lig

Gluteus Sciatic n maximus m

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HIP  229

Figure 9.1.11

Sartorius m Greater saphenous v Femoral a Femoral v

Rectus femoris t Rectus femoris m Lateral femoral circumflex vessel Tensor fasciae latae m Iliopsoas m

Pectineus m Iliopsoas t Medial femoral circumflex vessel Obturator externus m

Vastus lateralis m Femoral neck Iliotibial band Calcar femorale Gluteus medius m Sciatic n

Ischial tuberosity Obturator internus m Common hamstring t

Gluteus maximus m

Figure 9.1.12

Iliopsoas m Greater saphenous v Femoral a Femoral v Adductor longus m Adductor brevis m Pectineus m

Lymph node Sartorius m Rectus femoris t Rectus femoris m Tensor fasciae latae m

Inferior pubic ramus Obturator externus m Medial femoral circumflex vessels

Vastus lateralis m Lateral femoral circumflex vessels Iliotibial tract Calcar femorale Femur

Ischial tuberosity

Quadratus femoris m

Obturator internus m Common hamstring t

Sciatic n

Gluteus maximus m

Iliopsoas t

230  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HIP

Figure 9.1.13

Greater saphenous v Lymph node Sartorius m

Lymph node Adductor longus m

Rectus femoris m Tensor fasciae latae m Lateral femoral circumflex vessels Vastus lateralis m Vastus intermedius m

Femoral a Femoral v Adductor brevis m Pectineus m Adductor magnus m

Iliotibial band

Inferior pubic ramus

Iliopsoas m Obturator internus m

Calcar femorale Iliopsoas t

Ischial tuberosity

Sciatic n Quadratus femoris m

Semimembranosus t Gluteus maximus m

Conjoined t of semitendinosus m and biceps femoris m, long head Medial femoral circumflex vessel

Figure 9.1.14

Femoral v, superficial Greater saphenous v

Lymph node Sartorius m

Lymph node

Rectus femoris m Tensor fasciae latae m

Adductor longus m

Iliopsoas m

Adductor brevis m Pectineus m

Femoral v, superficial

Vastus lateralis m

Adductor magnus m Iliotibial band Vastus intermedius m Calcar femorale Lesser trochanter

Inferior pubic ramus

Quadratus femoris m

Ischial tuberosity

Obturator internus m

Sciatic n

Conjoined t of semitendinosus m and biceps femoris m, long head Semimembranosus t

Gluteus maximus m

Iliopsoas t

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HIP  231

Figure 9.1.15

Greater saphenous v

Sartorius m Rectus femoris m Tensor fasciae latae m

Lymph node Femoral vessels, superficial Adductor longus m

Vastus intermedius m

Femoral vessels, deep Adductor brevis m

Vastus lateralis m

Adductor magnus m

Iliotibial band Calcar femorale Femur Lesser trochanter

Gracilis m Semimembranosus t

Sciatic n Semitendinosus m Conjoined t of semitendinosus m and biceps femoris m, long head

Gluteus maximus m

Quadratus femoris m

Figure 9.1.16

Sartorius m Rectus femoris m Tensor fasciae latae m Vastus intermedius m Vastus lateralis m Iliotibial band Femur Gluteal tuberosity Sciatic n

Gluteus maximus m

Greater saphenous v Lymph node Femoral vessels, superficial Adductor longus m Femoral vessels, deep Adductor brevis m Gracilis m Adductor magnus m Quadratus femoris m Semimembranosus t

Semitendinosus m Conjoined t of semitendinosus m and biceps femoris m, long head

232  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HIP

Figure 9.1.17

Greater saphenous v Sartorius m Rectus femoris m Vastus intermedius m Vastus lateralis m

Femoral vessels, superficial Adductor longus m Femoral vessels, deep Adductor brevis m Gracilis m Adductor magnus m

Femur

Semimembranosus t

Iliotibial band Sciatic n

Gluteus maximus m

Figure 9.1.18

Semitendinosus m Conjoined t of semitendinosus m and biceps femoris m, long head

Greater saphenous v Rectus femoris m Vastus intermedius m Vastus lateralis m

Sartorius m Femoral vessels, superficial Adductor longus m Adductor brevis m Gracilis m Femoral vessels, deep

Femur

Adductor magnus m

Iliotibial band

Semimembranosus t

Sciatic n Biceps femoris t, long head Gluteus maximus m

Semitendinosus t Semitendinosus m Biceps femoris m, long head

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HIP  233

SAGITTAL Figure 9.2.1

Gluteus medius m

Gluteus maximus m

Tensor fasciae latae m Iliotibial band

Vastus lateralis m

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

= = = = = = = = = = = =

Figure 9.2.2

Gluteus medius m Gluteus minimus m

Gluteus maximus m

Tensor fasciae latae m

Vastus lateralis m

Rectus femoris m Iliotibial band

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

234  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HIP

Figure 9.2.3

Gluteus medius m Tensor fasciae latae m

Gluteus maximus m

Gluteus minimus m Lateral femoral circumflex vessels, branches Rectus femoris m Vastus lateralis m

Greater trochanter Iliotibial band

Vastus intermedius m

Vastus lateralis m

Figure 9.2.4 Gluteus minimus m Gluteus medius m Tensor fasciae latae m

Gluteus maximus m

Gluteus minimus t

Rectus femoris m Vastus lateralis m Vastus intermedius m

Greater trochanter

Vastus lateralis m

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HIP  235

Figure 9.2.5

Ilium

Gluteus medius m Gluteus minimus m Tensor fasciae latae m Gluteus minimus t Vastus lateralis m Rectus femoris m

Gluteus maximus m Lateral femoral circumflex vessels, branches Greater trochanter Gluteus maximus m Lateral femoral circumflex vessels

Femoral diaphysis Vastus intermedius m

Figure 9.2.6

Vastus lateralis m

Ilium Anterior superior iliac spine

Tensor fasciae latae m Sartorius m

Gluteus minimus m

Rectus femoris m

Vastus intermedius m

Gluteus medius m Gluteus maximus m Greater trochanter Lateral femoral circumflex vessels Femoral a and v, deep Gluteus maximus m

Femoral diaphysis

Vastus lateralis m

236  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HIP

Figure 9.2.7

Ilium Anterior superior iliac spine Gluteus minimus m

Gluteus medius m Gluteus maximus m

Sartorius m

Iliopsoas m Rectus femoris m

Gluteus medius t Greater trochanter

Lateral femoral circumflex vessels Femoral diaphysis Vastus intermedius m

Adductor magnus m

Figure 9.2.8

Iliac crest Gluteus minimus m

Sartorius m

Gluteus medius m Gluteus maximus m Obturator internus and gemelli mm Piriformis t

Iliopsoas m

Gluteus medius t Greater trochanter

Rectus femoris m

Obturator externus t Gluteus maximus m

Vastus intermedius m

Adductor magnus m

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HIP  237

Figure 9.2.9

Iliopsoas m Gluteus maximus m

Ilium Gluteus minimus m

Gluteus medius m Rectus femoris t, reflected head Piriformis t

Sartorius m Rectus femoris t Femoral head

Obturator internus and gemelli tt Obturator externus t Greater trochanter

Iliopsoas m Medial femoral circumflex vessels

Quadratus femoris m Sciatic n Adductor magnus m Gluteus maximus m

Rectus femoris m Vastus intermedius m

Semitendinosus m

Femoral neck

Figure 9.2.10

Gluteus medius m

Iliopsoas m Gluteus minimus m

Gluteus maximus m

Anterior inferior iliac spine Rectus femoris t, straight head

Piriformis m

Iliopsoas m

Piriformis t Obturator internus t

Femoral head

Obturator internus m Obturator externus t

Rectus femoris m Lesser trochanter

Sciatic n Quadratus femoris m

Vastus intermedius m Sartorius m

Gluteus maximus m

Adductor brevis m

Sciatic n Semitendinosus m Adductor magnus m

238  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HIP

Figure 9.2.11

Gluteus medius m Iliopsoas m Anterior inferior iliac spine

Acetabular roof Femoral head Iliopsoas m Deep femoral vessels Pectineus m Adductor brevis m

Sartorius m

Gluteus minimus m Gluteus maximus m Piriformis m

Obturator internus m Sciatic n Quadratus femoris m Lesser trochanter Adductor magnus m Gluteus maximus m Semitendinosus t Semitendinosus m

Figure 9.2.12

Gluteus medius m Iliopsoas m

Acetabular roof

Gluteus minimus m Gluteus maximus m Piriformis m

Iliopsoas t

Femoral head Obturator internus m

Pectineus m Femoral vessels, superficial Femoral vessels, deep Adductor brevis m Sartorius m

Sciatic n Quadratus femoris m Gluteus maximus m Semimembranosus t Adductor magnus m Semitendinosus m

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HIP  239

Figure 9.2.13

Iliopsoas m

Gluteus medius m

Gluteus minimus m Acetabular roof

Gluteus maximus m

Femoral head

Piriformis m

Lymph node Iliopsoas t Femoral vessels Pectineus m Adductor brevis m Adductor longus m

Posterior acetabular wall Obturator internus m Obturator externus m Quadratus femoris m Semimembranosus t Gluteus maximus m Semitendinosus t Semitendinosus m

Sartorius m Adductor magnus m

Figure 9.2.14 Iliopsoas m Anterior acetabular wall Iliopsoas t Femoral head Lymph node Common femoral vessels Medial femoral circumflex vessels Adductor magnus m Pectineus m Adductor brevis m Greater saphenous v Adductor longus m Sartorius m

Gluteus medius m Gluteus maximus m Gluteus minimus m Piriformis m Posterior acetabular wall Obturator internus m Gluteus maximus m Obturator externus m Semimembranosus t Semitendinosus t

Quadratus femoris m Semitendinosus m

240  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HIP

Figure 9.2.15

Iliopsoas m

Ilium

Iliopsoas t Piriformis m

Ilium Anterior acetabular wall Lymph node Iliopsoas m Common femoral a Femoral head Pectineus m

Gluteus maximus m Obturator internus m Medial femoral circumflex vessels Obturator externus m Adductor brevis m

Lymph node Adductor magnus m Greater saphenous v

Semitendinosus m

Adductor longus m

Figure 9.2.16

Ilium Iliopsoas m

Acetabular fossa

Femoral vessels Pectineus m

Superior gluteal vessels Piriformis m

Gluteus maximus m Obturator internus m Obturator externus m Ischium

Adductor brevis m Adductor longus m

Semitendinosus m Adductor magnus m

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HIP  241

Figure 9.2.17 Iliopsoas m

External iliac vessels Quadrilateral plate

Ilium Gluteal vessels, superior Greater sciatic notch Piriformis m Sciatic n Gluteal vessels, inferior Gemellus m, superior Gluteus maximus m

Pectineus m

Obturator internus m Obturator externus m Ischium

Adductor brevis m Adductor longus m

Adductor magnus t

Adductor magnus m

Figure 9.2.18 Iliopsoas m Rectus abdominis m External iliac vessels

Ilium Piriformis m Sciatic n Greater sciatic notch Gluteus maximus m Obturator internus m

Pectineus m

Obturator externus m Sacrotuberous lig

Adductor brevis m Adductor longus m

Ischium

Adductor magnus m

242  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HIP

Figure 9.2.19

Sacrum Ilium

External iliac vessels Obturator n

Superior gluteal a and v Piriformis m Obturator a Obturator v

Superior pubic ramus

Pectineus m

Gluteus maximus m Obturator internus m Obturator foramen Obturator externus m Ischium

Adductor brevis m Adductor longus m

Adductor magnus m

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HIP  243

CORONAL Figure 9.3.1

Lymph node

Rectus abdominis m

Internal oblique m

Circumflex iliac v, superficial

Spermatic cord Lymph node Greater saphenous v

Rectus femoris m

Figure 9.3.2

Sartorius m

Sartorius m

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

Inguinal lig Iliopsoas m

Spermatic cord

Common femoral a Rectus femoris t

Common femoral v

Lymph node

Rectus femoris m

Adductor longus m

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

244  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HIP

Figure 9.3.3

Anterior superior iliac spine

Iliopsoas m

Common femoral a Common femoral v

Iliopsoas m

Tensor fasciae latae m

Urinary bladder Pectineus m Superior pubic ramus

Rectus femoris m

Adductor brevis m Femoral a, deep Adductor longus m

Vastus lateralis m

Figure 9.3.4

Vastus intermedius m

Gluteus medius m

Iliac wing

Iliopsoas m

Gluteus minimus m

Common femoral a

Anterior inferior iliac spine

Common femoral v

Tensor fasciae latae m Rectus femoris t, straight head

Urinary bladder

Rectus femoris m

Superior pubic ramus

Iliopsoas m Obturator externus m

Lateral femoral circumflex vessels

Pectineus m Adductor brevis m

Vastus lateralis m

Vastus intermedius m

Deep femoral vessels

Adductor longus m

Gracilis m

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HIP  245

Figure 9.3.5

Gluteus medius m

Gluteus minimus m

Ilium

Iliacus m

Psoas m

External iliac a External iliac v

Rectus femoris t, reflected head

Acetabulum

Iliotibial band

Urinary bladder Femoral head Superior pubic ramus

Tensor fasciae latae m

Obturator externus m Pectineus m

Gracilis m

Vastus lateralis m

Figure 9.3.6

Gluteus medius m

Femoral Iliopsoas m diaphysis

Gluteus minimus m

Ilium

Adductor longus m

Iliopsoas m

External iliac vessels

Acetabular roof Femoral head Obturator n and vessels Acetabular fossa Urinary bladder

Iliotibial band

Obturator internus m Obturator externus m Pubis

Vastus lateralis m

Iliopsoas t Pectineus m Adductor brevis m Gracilis m

Femoral diaphysis

Vastus intermedius m

Adductor magnus m

246  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HIP

Figure 9.3.7

Gluteus medius m

Gluteus minimus m

Acetabular roof

Iliopsoas m

External iliac vessels

Quadrilateral plate Acetabular fossa

Femoral neck

Femoral head Obturator internus m Obturator externus m

Iliotibial band

Iliopsoas t Inferior pubic ramus Calcar femorale Adductor brevis m Gracilis m

Vastus Greater lateralis m trochanter

Figure 9.3.8

Gluteus medius m

Lesser trochanter

Gluteus minimus m

Adductor magnus m

Obturator externus t

Quadrilateral plate Gluteus minimus t

Obturator internus m

Iliotibial band Greater trochanter

Obturator externus m Ischium

Vastus lateralis m

Quadratus femoris m

Adductor magnus m

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HIP  247

Figure 9.3.9

Gluteus medius m

Gluteus minimus m

Greater sciatic foramen

Ilium

Sacroiliac joint

Gemellus m, superior

Gluteus maximus m

Ischium Piriformis t Obturator internus m

Greater trochanter

Gemellus m, inferior

Obturator externus t

Obturator externus m Iliotibial band

Quadratus femoris m Ischium

Adductor magnus m

Figure 9.3.10

Gluteus medius m

Gluteus medius m

Ilium

Sacrum Sacroiliac joint

Gluteus maximus m

Gluteal a, superior Sciatic n

Gluteus medius t

Obturator internus t and gemelli mm, superior and inferior

Greater trochanter

Rectum Levator ani m

Iliotibial band

Obturator internus m

Gluteal a, inferior

Ischium

Sciatic n Common hamstring t Adductor magnus m

Gluteus maximus m

Biceps Semitendinosus t Semitendinosus m femoris m, long head

248  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HIP

Figure 9.3.11

Gluteus maximus m

Gluteal a, superior

Ilium

Sacrum

Sacroiliac joint Piriformis m Gluteal a, inferior

Rectum Levator ani m Obturator internus m

Semitendinosus m

Gluteus maximus m

Figure 9.3.12

Gluteus maximus m

Ilium

Sacroiliac joint

Sacrum

Piriformis m

Rectum Levator ani m

Gluteus maximus m

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE HIP  249

Figure 9.3.13

Sacrum

Piriformis m

Lateral sacral crest

Gluteus maximus m

10 Chapter

MR Arthrography of the Hip

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE HIP  251

AXIAL Figure 10.1.1

Rectus femoris t

Iliopsoas t

Iliofemoral lig Femoral head

Gluteus medius t Sacrotuberous lig artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

Figure 10.1.2

Rectus femoris t

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Iliopsoas t Femoral a

Femoral v

Anterior labrum Iliofemoral lig Femoral head Posterior labrum

Sacrotuberous lig

Gluteus medius t

252  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE HIP

Figure 10.1.3

Femoral a

Femoral v

Rectus femoris t

Iliopsoas t Anterior labrum

Iliofemoral lig

Ligamentum teres femoris

Posterior labrum Gluteus medius t

Sacrotuberous lig

Figure 10.1.4

Iliopsoas t

Rectus femoris t

Femoral a

Femoral v

Iliofemoral lig Anterior labrum Ischiofemoral lig Gluteus medius t

Ligamentum teres femoris Posterior labrum

Sacrotuberous lig

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE HIP  253

Figure 10.1.5

Iliopsoas t

Rectus femoris t Iliofemoral lig Gluteus minimus t

Anterior labrum

Ischiofemoral lig

Ligamentum teres femoris Acetabular fossa Posterior labrum

Sacrotuberous lig

Gluteus medius t

Figure 10.1.6

Rectus femoris t

Iliopsoas t

Zona orbicularis

Anterior labrum

Gluteus minimus t

Ligamentum teres femoris Fovea

Iliofemoral lig

Acetabular fossa

Obturator externus t Gluteus medius t Ischial spine Sacrotuberous lig

Ischiofemoral lig Posterior labrum

254  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE HIP

Figure 10.1.7

Sartorius t

Iliopsoas t

Femoral a

Rectus femoris t

Femoral v Anterior labrum

Iliofemoral lig Zona orbicularis

Zona orbicularis Ligamentum teres femoris

Gluteus minimus t Femoral neck

Acetabular fossa

Greater trochanter

Posterior labrum

Sacrotuberous lig

Zona orbicularis

Ischiofemoral lig Obturator internus t

Figure 10.1.8

Iliofemoral lig

Rectus Iliopsoas t femoris t (iliacus part)

Iliopsoas t (psoas part)

Femoral a

Femoral v

Transverse acetabular lig

Femoral neck

Ligamentum teres femoris

Greater trochanter

Acetabular fossa Posterior labrum

Sacrotuberous lig

Zona Ischiofemoral lig orbicularis

Obturator internus t

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE HIP  255

Figure 10.1.9

Rectus Iliopsoas t Iliopsoas t femoris t (iliacus part) (psoas part)

Iliofemoral lig Transverse acetabular lig

Acetabular fossa Greater trochanter

Sacrotuberous lig

Zona Ischiofemoral lig orbicularis

Figure 10.1.10

Iliopsoas t Iliopsoas t (iliacus part) (psoas part)

Rectus femoris t

Iliofemoral lig

Femoral neck Greater trochanter

Ischiofemoral lig Ischium

Zona orbicularis

Sacrotuberous lig

256  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE HIP

Figure 10.1.11

Iliopsoas t Iliopsoas t (iliacus part) (psoas part)

Femoral a Rectus femoris t

Femoral v

Iliofemoral lig

Inferior articular recess

Ischium Zona orbicularis

Figure 10.1.12

Sacrotuberous lig

Femoral a

Rectus femoris t

Iliofemoral lig

Ischium

Sacrotuberous lig

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE HIP  257

SAGITTAL Figure 10.2.1

Ilium

Superior labrum

Femoral head

Obturator internus t Ischiofemoral lig

Iliofemoral lig

Zona orbicularis artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Femoral neck

Figure 10.2.2

Anterior labrum

Ilium

Acetabular roof Femoral head Posterior labrum

Iliofemoral lig

Obturator internus t Ischiofemoral lig Zona orbicularis

258  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE HIP

Figure 10.2.3

Ilium

Acetabular roof

Posterior labrum Anterior labrum Femoral head Iliofemoral lig

Iliopsoas t

Obturator internus t Ischiofemoral lig Zona orbicularis

Figure 10.2.4

Acetabular roof

Anterior labrum Iliofemoral lig

Obturator internus t Posterior labrum Ischiofemoral lig

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE HIP  259

Figure 10.2.5

Acetabular roof

Ilium

Anterior acetabular wall

Posterior acetabular wall

Anterior labrum

Obturator internus t

Femoral head

Posterior labrum

Iliopsoas t

Ischiofemoral lig

Iliofemoral lig

Figure 10.2.6

Anterior acetabular wall

Acetabular roof

Ilium

Posterior acetabular wall

Anterior labrum

Obturator internus t Iliopsoas t Posterior labrum Iliofemoral lig

Semitendinosus t

Semimembranosus t

260  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE HIP

Figure 10.2.7

Acetabular roof

Ilium

Anterior acetabular wall

Femoral head

Iliopsoas t

Obturator internus t

Anterior inferior labrum

Posterior inferior labrum

Figure 10.2.8

,OLXP

,OLRSVRDVW

/LJDPHQWXP WHUHVIHPRULV

2EWXUDWRU LQWHUQXVW 7UDQVYHUVH DFHWDEXODUOLJ

,VFKLXP

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE HIP  261

Figure 10.2.9

Ilium

Ligamentum teres femoris

Femoral vessels

Obturator internus t

Femoral head

Ischium

Transverse acetabular lig

Figure 10.2.10

Ilium

Acetabular fossa

Ligamentum teres femoris

Obturator internus t

Ischium

Cotyloid notch

262  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE HIP

CORONAL Figure 10.3.1 Ilium

Superior articular recess

Anterior superior labrum Femoral head

Iliofemoral lig Superior pubic ramus artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Figure 10.3.2

Superior articular recess

Iliofemoral lig

Anterior superior labrum

Transverse acetabular lig

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE HIP  263

Figure 10.3.3 Ilium

Superior labrum

Iliofemoral lig

Ligamentum teres femoris Transverse acetabular lig

Ischium

Iliofemoral lig

Figure 10.3.4

Superior articular recess

Ilium

Anterior superior labrum

Iliofemoral lig

Ligamentum teres femoris Femoral neck Transverse acetabular lig Iliofemoral lig

Zona orbicularis

264  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE HIP

Figure 10.3.5 Ilium

Superior articular recess

Superior labrum

Iliofemoral lig Zona orbicularis

Fovea Ligamentum teres femoris

Femoral neck

Transverse acetabular lig Iliofemoral lig

Zona orbicularis

Figure 10.3.6 Ilium

Superior labrum

Iliofemoral lig Zona orbicularis

Fovea Ligamentum teres Transverse acetabular lig

Femoral neck

Zona orbicularis

Ischium

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE HIP  265

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Femoral neck

Ischium

Zona orbicularis

266  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MR ARTHROGRAPHY OF THE HIP

Figure 10.3.9 Ilium Superior articular recess Posterior superior labrum

Iliofemoral lig Zona orbicularis Greater trochanter

Posterior inferior labrum

Obturator internus t

Ischiofemoral lig

Obturator externus t

Figure 10.3.10

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11 Chapter

MRI of the Thigh

268  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE THIGH

Table 11-1.  Muscles of the Thigh MUSCLE

ORIGIN

INSERTION

NERVE SUPPLY

Sartorius

Anterior superior iliac spine and adjacent area below

Medial surface of the tibia; near the tuberosity and neighboring fascia

Femoral

Rectus femoris

Straight head: anterior inferior iliac spine; reflected head: posterosuperior surface of the rim of the acetabulum

Through the patellar ligament to the tibial tuberosity

Femoral

Vastus lateralis

Shaft of the femur along the anteroinferior margin of the greater trochanter, above the gluteal tuberosity, and the upper half of the linea aspera

Proximal border of the patella, front of the lateral condyle of the tibia and fascia of the leg

Femoral

Vastus medialis

Medial lip of the linea aspera and the distal half of the intertrochanteric line, and the aponeurosis of the tendons of insertion of the adductor muscles

Upper two thirds of the medial margin and proximal margin of the patella, medial condyle of the tibia, and investing deep fascia of the leg with the tendons of vastus intermedius, lateralis, and rectus, and through the patellar ligament onto the front of the tibial tuberosity

Femoral

Vastus intermedius

Distal half of the lateral margin of the linea aspera and its lateral bifurcation and from the anterolateral part of the shaft of the femur

Proximal margin and deep surface of the patella, aponeurosis of the vastus lateralis, medially and laterally to the tendons of vastus medialis and lateralis, to the patellar ligament and onto the tibial tuberosity

Femoral

Gracilis

Medial margin of inferior ramus of the pubis and the pubic end of the inferior ramus of the ischium

By an expanded tendinous process onto the tibia below the medial condyle

Anterior division of the obturator

Pectineus

Pectineal line, pectineal fascia, and anterior margin of the obturator sulcus, and from the pubofemoral ligament

Upper half of the pectineal line behind lesser trochanter

Femoral, also from the accessory obturator and/or obturator

Adductor longus

Pubic tubercle to symphysis pubis

Middle third of the linea aspera

Anterior division of the obturator; also, occasionally, branch from the femoral

Adductor brevis

Medial part of the outer surface of the inferior ramus of the pubis

Distal two thirds of the pectineal line and the upper one third of the linea aspera

Anterior (or posterior) branch of the obturator

Adductor magnus

Inferior ramus of the pubis

Medial side of the gluteal ridge and the superior part of the linea aspera by a tendon from the distal three fourths of the linea aspera and the adductor tubercle at the distal end of the medial supracondylar ridge

Posterior branch of the obturator and a branch from the sciatic

Biceps femoris

From the lateral lip of the linea aspera of the femur, from the middle of the shaft to the bifurcation of the linea aspera proximal two thirds of the supracondylar ridge, and lateral intermuscular septum

Head of the fibula in front of the apex, partially onto the lateral condyle of the tibia, and into the fascia of the leg

Peroneal part of the sciatic

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE THIGH  269

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270  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE THIGH

Figure 11.1.3

Tensor fasciae latae m

Rectus femoris m

Femoral a and v, deep

Sartorius m

Femoral a, superficial Femoral v, superficial

Vastus intermedius m

Adductor longus m

Femoral shaft

Adductor brevis m

Vastus lateralis m Iliotibial band Lateral intermuscular septum

Gracilis m Adductor magnus m

Sciatic n Gluteus maximus m

Biceps femoris t

Figure 11.1.4

Semitendinosus m Semimembranosus t

Rectus Vastus femoris m medialis m

Rectus femoris t

Vastus lateralis m

Sartorius m

Vastus intermedius m Femoral a and v, deep

Greater saphenous v

Femoral shaft

Adductor longus m

Iliotibial band

Femoral a and v, superficial

Lateral intermuscular septum

Gracilis m Adductor brevis m

Sciatic n

Adductor magnus m

Gluteus maximus m

Biceps Semitendinosus m femoris t

Semimembranosus t

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE THIGH  271

Figure 11.1.5

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272  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE THIGH

Figure 11.1.7

Vastus intermedius m

Nutrient a, femur

Femur

Rectus femoris m

Sartorius m Iliotibial band

Femoral a, superficial

Vastus lateralis m

Femoral v, superficial

Linea aspera

Greater saphenous v Adductor longus m

Femoral a and v, deep Sciatic n

Gracilis m Adductor magnus m

Biceps femoris m Semitendinosus t

Semimembranosus m

Semitendinosus m

Figure 11.1.8

Hamstring Semimembranosus t fascia

Vastus intermedius m

Femur

Rectus femoris m

Vastus lateralis m

Vastus medialis m Sartorius m Femoral a, superficial

Iliotibial band

Femoral v, superficial

Nutrient a, femur

Greater saphenous v

Sciatic n

Adductor longus m Gracilis m Adductor magnus m

Biceps femoris m, long head

Semimembranosus m

Semitendinosus m

Hamstring fascia

Semimembranosus t

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE THIGH  273

Figure 11.1.9

Vastus intermedius m

Femoral v, superficial

Rectus femoris m

Vastus lateralis m Vastus medialis m

Iliotibial band

Sartorius m Femoral a, superficial

Femur Biceps femoris m, short head

Adductor longus m Greater saphenous v

Sciatic n

Adductor magnus m

Biceps femoris m, long head

Gracilis m

Semimembranosus t Semimembranosus m

Semitendinosus m

Figure 11.1.10

Hamstring fascia

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274  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE THIGH

Figure 11.1.11

Femur

Femoral v, superficial

Rectus femoris m

Vastus lateralis m Vastus medialis m

Iliotibial band Vastus intermedius m

Femoral a, superficial

Biceps femoris m, short head

Sartorius m Adductor longus m Greater saphenous v

Sciatic n

Adductor magnus m

Biceps femoris m, long head

Gracilis m Semimembranosus m

Semitendinosus m

Figure 11.1.12

Femur

Vastus intermedius m

Deep fascia

Femoral v, superficial

Rectus femoris m

Vastus lateralis m

Iliotibial band

Vastus medialis m

Femoral a, superficial

Biceps femoris m, short head

Sartorius m Adductor magnus m Greater saphenous v

Sciatic n Biceps femoris m, long head

Adductor magnus m Gracilis m

Semitendinosus m

Semimembranosus m

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE THIGH  275

Figure 11.1.13

Femur

Vastus intermedius m

Adductor magnus m

Rectus femoris m

Vastus lateralis m Vastus medialis m Femoral v, superficial

Iliotibial band

Biceps femoris m, short head

Femoral a, superficial Adductor canal Sartorius m

Common peroneal n

Adductor magnus m

Tibial n

Greater saphenous v

Biceps femoris m, long head

Gracilis m

Semitendinosus m

Figure 11.1.14

Vastus intermedius t

Semimembranosus m

Rectus femoris t

Vastus intermedius m Vastus lateralis m

Rectus femoris m Vastus medialis m

Femur Iliotibial band Biceps femoris m, short head

Popliteal v Popliteal a Adductor magnus m

Common peroneal n

Sartorius m

Tibial n Greater saphenous v Gracilis m

Biceps femoris m, long head

Semitendinosus m

Semimembranosus m

276  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE THIGH

Figure 11.1.15

Femur

Vastus intermedius t

Rectus femoris t

Vastus lateralis m Vastus intermedius m Iliotibial band Biceps femoris m, short head Tibial n

Popliteal v Vastus medialis m Popliteal a Sartorius m

Common peroneal n

Greater saphenous v Gracilis m

Biceps femoris m, long head

Semitendinosus m

Figure 11.1.16

Femur

Semimembranosus m

Rectus femoris t

Vastus intermedius m Vastus intermedius t

Iliotibial band Vastus lateralis m

Vastus medialis m

Biceps femoris m, short head

Popliteal v Popliteal a

Tibial n

Sartorius m Greater saphenous v

Common peroneal n Biceps femoris m, long head

Gracilis m

Semitendinosus m

Semimembranosus m

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE THIGH  277

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278  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE THIGH

Figure 11.2.3

Greater trochanter Tensor fasciae latae m

Gluteus maximus m

Vastus intermedius m

Vastus lateralis m

Vastus intermedius m

Lateral intermuscular septum

Figure 11.2.4

Biceps femoris m, long head

Biceps femoris m, short head

Femur Tensor fasciae latae m

Gluteus maximus m Vastus lateralis m

Biceps femoris m, short head

Vastus intermedius m

Biceps femoris m, long head

Popliteal vessels

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE THIGH  279

Figure 11.2.5

Tensor fasciae latae m

Quadratus femoris m

Gluteus maximus m

Vastus lateralis m

Femur

Vastus intermedius m

Biceps femoris m, short head

Biceps femoris m, long head

Semitendinosus m Semimembranosus m

Figure 11.2.6

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280  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE THIGH

Figure 11.2.7

Lesser trochanter Femoral neck Rectus femoris m

Quadratus femoris m Gluteus maximus m Sciatic n

Semitendinosus m Vastus lateralis m

Adductor magnus m

Vastus intermedius m

Femur

Popliteal vessels

Figure 11.2.8

Femoral neck

Semimembranosus m

Quadratus femoris m

Gluteus maximus m

Rectus femoris m

Lesser trochanter

Semimembranosus t Semitendinosus m

Vastus medialis m

Vastus intermedius m Vastus lateralis m

Popliteal vessels

Adductor magnus m

Medial cortex femoral Semimembranosus m

Femur

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE THIGH  281

Figure 11.2.9

Femur Sartorius m Iliopsoas m

Gluteus maximus m Quadratus femoris m

Rectus femoris m Lesser trochanter Semimembranosus t

Semitendinosus m

Adductor magnus m

Vastus intermedius m

Deep femoral vessels

Quadriceps t Superficial femoral vessels, distal

Semimembranosus m

Vastus medialis m Medial femoral condyle

Figure 11.2.10

Sartorius m Iliopsoas m Pectineus and adductor brevis mm Rectus femoris m

Femoral vessels, deep Adductor longus m Vastus intermedius m

Quadratus femoris m Gluteus maximus m

Semimembranosus t

Semitendinosus m

Adductor magnus m

Semimembranosus m Rectus femoris m Superficial femoral vessels, distal Vastus medialis m

Adductor magnus m

282  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE THIGH

Figure 11.2.11

Iliopsoas m

Sartorius m

Quadratus femoris m Gluteus maximus m

Rectus femoris m Semimembranosus t Pectineus m

Femoral vessels, deep

Semitendinosus m

Vastus medialis m Rectus femoris m

Adductor magnus m

Adductor longus m

Semimembranosus m

Superficial femoral vessels, distal

Vastus medialis m

Figure 11.2.12

Iliopsoas m Lymph node Sartorius m

Adductor magnus t Gracilis m

Obturator externus m Gluteus maximus m

Pectineus m Semitendinosus m

Femoral vessels, superficial

Rectus femoris m

Adductor longus m Adductor magnus m

Vastus medialis m

Femoral vessels, deep

Gracilis m

Sartorius m Adductor magnus t

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE THIGH  283

Figure 11.2.13

Iliopsoas m

Obturator externus m Ischium

Sartorius m Pectineus m

Gluteus maximus m Adductor brevis m

Rectus femoris m

Femoral vessels, superficial

Adductor longus m Adductor magnus m

Vastus medialis m

Gracilis m

Sartorius m

Figure 11.2.14

Femoral a

Obturator externus m Gluteus maximus m

Pectineus m

Ischium

Adductor brevis m Femoral vessels, superficial

Adductor longus m

Rectus femoris m

Adductor magnus m

Vastus medialis m

Gracilis m Sartorius m

284  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE THIGH

Figure 11.2.15

Femoral v

Pectineus m

Obturator externus m Gluteus maximus m Ischium

Adductor brevis m

Adductor brevis m Adductor magnus m

Sartorius m

Gracilis m

Greater saphenous v

Figure 11.2.16

Pubis

Obturator externus m

Femoral v

Gluteus maximus m

Pectineus m

Greater saphenous v Adductor longus m

Ischium

Adductor magnus m Adductor brevis m

Gracilis m Sartorius m

Greater saphenous v

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE THIGH  285

Figure 11.2.17

Pubis Obturator externus m

Obturator internus m Gluteus maximus m

Pectineus m

Adductor brevis m Greater saphenous v Adductor longus m

Adductor magnus m

Gracilis m

Greater saphenous v

286  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE THIGH

CORONAL Figure 11.3.1

Tensor fasciae latae m

Sartorius m Rectus femoris m

Vastus lateralis m

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

Figure 11.3.2

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Rectus femoris m Tensor fasciae latae m

Rectus femoris t

Sartorius m

Greater saphenous v

Vastus lateralis m

Rectus femoris m

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE THIGH  287

Figure 11.3.3

Femoral a

Tensor fasciae latae m

Femoral v Greater saphenous v

Sartorius m

Rectus femoris t

Vastus lateralis m

Rectus femoris m

Rectus femoris t

Figure 11.3.4

Iliopsoas m Tensor fasciae latae m

Rectus femoris t

Femoral vessels

Greater saphenous v Sartorius m

Vastus intermedius m

Vastus lateralis m

Rectus femoris m

Anterior femoral cortex

Rectus femoris t

Quadriceps t

288  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE THIGH

Figure 11.3.5

Iliopsoas m Tensor fasciae latae m Superficial femoral v Greater saphenous v

Sartorius m

Vastus intermedius m

Vastus lateralis m

Vastus medialis m

Femur

Figure 11.3.6

Superior pubic ramus Greater trochanter Pubic symphysis Femoral vessels, deep

Vastus intermedius m

Adductor longus m Superficial femoral vessels

Sartorius m Vastus lateralis m Femur

Vastus intermedius m Vastus medialis m

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE THIGH  289

Figure 11.3.7 Greater trochanter

Adductor brevis m

Iliotibial tract Adductor longus m

Vastus lateralis m

Femoral vessels, deep

Femur

Femoral v, superficial Greater saphenous v Femoral a, superficial Sartorius m

Vastus lateralis m

Posterior femoral cortex Vastus medialis m

Vastus intermedius m

Femur

Figure 11.3.8

Adductor brevis m

Femur

Gracilis m

Vastus lateralis m

Adductor longus m Femoral v, superficial Greater saphenous v Femoral a, superficial

Sartorius m

Vastus intermedius m

Vastus lateralis m Vastus medialis m

Popliteal vessels

290  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE THIGH

Figure 11.3.9 Lesser trochanter Adductor magnus m Adductor brevis m Gluteus maximus m

Vastus lateralis m

Gracilis m Adductor longus m

Greater saphenous v Femoral a

Adductor magnus m

Femoral v Sartorius m

Biceps femoris m, short head

Vastus medialis m

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LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE THIGH  291

Figure 11.3.11 Quadratus femoris m Sciatic n Gluteus maximus m Adductor magnus m

Vastus lateralis m, posterior margin

Gracilis m

Greater saphenous v Biceps femoris m, long head Sartorius m Semimembranosus m

Figure 11.3.12

Conjoined t of semitendinosus m and biceps femoris m, long head Ischium

Gluteus maximus m Sciatic n Semitendinosus m

Adductor magnus m Semimembranosus t

Adductor magnus m Gracilis m

Adductor magnus m Biceps femoris m, long head

Greater saphenous v

Semimembranosus m Sartorius m

292  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE THIGH

Figure 11.3.13

Conjoined t of semitendinosus m and biceps femoris m, long head

Ischium

Adductor magnus t

Gluteus maximus m

Semitendinosus m

Biceps femoris m, long head

Semimembranosus m

Gracilis m

Figure 11.3.14 Gluteus maximus m

Semitendinosus m

Biceps femoris m, long head Gracilis m

Semimembranosus m

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE THIGH  293

Figure 11.3.15 Gluteus maximus m

Semimembranosus m Semitendinosus m

Biceps femoris m, long head

Gracilis m

12 Chapter

MRI of the Knee

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE KNEE  295

AXIAL Figure 12.1.1

Femur

Quadriceps t

Iliotibial band Vastus lateralis m

Vastus medialis m

Tibial n

Adductor magnus t

Common peroneal n

Greater saphenous v

Biceps femoris m, short head

Sartorius m Gracilis m

Biceps femoris t Biceps femoris m, long head Lesser saphenous v Popliteal v

Gracilis t artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons Popliteal a Semitendinosus m Semitendinosus t Semimembranosus m nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

Figure 12.1.2

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Quadriceps t

Vastus lateralis m

Iliotibial band

Vastus medialis m

Tibial n Greater saphenous v

Common peroneal n Biceps femoris m, short head

Adductor magnus t

Biceps femoris t

Sartorius m

Biceps femoris m, long head

Lesser Popliteal v saphenous v

Gracilis m and t

Popliteal a

Semitendinosus m and t

Semimembranosus m

296  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE KNEE

Figure 12.1.3

Quadriceps t

Femur

Vastus lateralis m

Vastus medialis m

Iliotibial band

Greater saphenous v

Tibial n

Biceps femoris m, short head

Sartorius m

Biceps femoris t

Gracilis t

Common peroneal n Popliteal v

Figure 12.1.4

Popliteal a

Semitendinosus t

Patella, upper pole

Quadriceps t

Semimembranosus m

Medial patellar retinaculum

Lateral patellar retinaculum Iliotibial band Vastus medialis m Gastrocnemius m, medial head Greater saphenous v

Biceps femoris m, short head Tibial n

Adductor magnus t

Biceps femoris t

Sartorius m

Common peroneal n

Gracilis t

Communicating peroneal n

Lesser saphenous v

Popliteal vessels

Semitendinosus t

Semimembranosus m Semimembranosus t

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE KNEE  297

Figure 12.1.5

Patella

Articular cartilage

Medial patellar retinaculum

Lateral patellar retinaculum

Iliotibial band

Synovial space Femur Adductor magnus t

Gastrocnemius m, medial head Gastrocnemius m, lateral head

Greater saphenous v

Biceps femoris m, short head

Biceps femoris t

Sartorius m

Common peroneal n Gracilis t

Communicating peroneal n

Figure 12.1.6

Lesser saphenous n

Lateral patellar retinaculum

Tibial n

Popliteal vessels

Articular cartilage

Patella

Semitendinosus t Semimembranosus t

Medial patellar, facet

Medial patellar retinaculum

Lateral patellar, facet

Iliotibial band Synovial space

Gastrocnemius m, medial head Lateral femoral condyle Plantaris m

Femoral trochlea Intercondylar fossa

Gastrocnemius m, lateral head

Biceps femoris m, short head

Greater saphenous v Medial femoral condyle

Biceps femoris t

Sartorius m Common peroneal n

Gracilis t

Communicating peroneal n Lesser saphenous v

Tibial n

Popliteal vessels

Semitendinosus t

Semimembranosus t

298  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE KNEE

Figure 12.1.7

Patella

Patellar t

Femoral trochlea

Intercondylar fossa

Anterior cruciate lig Tibial (medial) collateral lig

Popliteal vessels

Greater saphenous v

Gastrocnemius m, lateral head Plantaris m

Gastrocnemius m, medial head

Biceps femoris m, short head

Gastrocnemius t, medial head Sartorius m

Biceps femoris t Common peroneal n

Gracilis t

Communicating peroneal n Tibial n

Lesser saphenous v

Figure 12.1.8

Anterior cruciate lig

Femoral trochlea

Infrapatellar fat pad

Patellar t

Semitendinosus t

Posterior cruciate lig

Semimembranosus t

Medial patellar retinaculum

Iliotibial band

Medial femoral condyle

Meniscofemoral lig

Tibial (medial) collateral lig

Lateral femoral condyle

Greater saphenous v

Plantaris m Fibular (lateral) collateral lig

Gastrocnemius m, medial head

Gastrocnemius m, lateral head

Gastrocnemius t, medial head Biceps femoris m, short head

Sartorius m

Biceps femoris t Gracilis t Common peroneal n Communicating peroneal n

Lesser saphenous v

Semitendinosus t

Semimembranosus t

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE KNEE  299

Figure 12.1.9

Anterior transverse meniscal lig

Infrapatellar fat pad

Patellar t

Posterior cruciate lig

Iliotibial band

Popliteus m Gastrocnemius m, lateral head

Tibial (medial) collateral lig

Fibular (lateral) collateral lig Greater saphenous v

Popliteus t Plantaris m

Gastrocnemius t, medial head Sartorius m

Biceps femoris t Common peroneal n

Gracilis t

Popliteal vessels

Figure 12.1.10

Lateral patellar retinaculum

Tibial n

Patellar t

Gastrocnemius m, medial head

Semimembranosus t

Infrapatellar Posterior fat pad cruciate lig

Iliotibial band Popliteus m

Medial tibial plateau

Lateral tibial plateau Fibular (lateral) collateral lig

Greater saphenous v

Popliteus t

Sartorius t Gracilis t Semitendinosus t

Biceps femoris t Common peroneal n

Plantaris m

Gastrocnemius m, Tibial n lateral head

Gastrocnemius m, medial head

300  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE KNEE

Figure 12.1.11

Patellar t

Infrapatellar fat pad

Iliotibial band

Gerdy’s tubercle Medial tibial condyle

Popliteus m

Anterior lig, fibular head

Greater saphenous v

Confluence of biceps femoris t and fibular (lateral) collateral lig

Sartorius t Gracilis t

Fibular head

Semitendinosus t

Common peroneal n

Soleus m

Figure 12.1.12

Gastrocnemius m, lateral head

Tibialis anterior m

Popliteal vessels

Patellar t

Tibial n Plantaris m

Gastrocnemius m, medial head

Tibial tubercle

Extensor digitorum longus m

Tibia

Gracilis t

Popliteus m Popliteal vessels

Sartorius t

Greater saphenous v

Fibular head Common peroneal n

Semitendinosus t

Soleus m

Gastrocnemius m, Lesser lateral head saphenous v

Tibial n

Gastrocnemius m, medial head

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE KNEE  301

Figure 12.1.13

Tibialis Tibialis anterior m posterior m

Patellar t

Tibial tubercle

Tibia

Extensor digitorum longus m

Pes anserinus

Popliteus m Peroneus longus m Fibula

Greater saphenous v

Common peroneal n Soleus m

Plantaris t

Gastrocnemius m, Lesser lateral head saphenous v

Figure 12.1.14

Tibialis Tibialis anterior m posterior m

Tibial n

Tibial tubercle

Gastrocnemius m, medial head

Tibia

Extensor digitorum longus m

Peroneus longus m Popliteus m Tibial n

Fibula Common peroneal n

Popliteal vessels

Soleus m Gastrocnemius m, lateral head

Lesser saphenous v

Plantaris t

Gastrocnemius m, medial head

302  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE KNEE

SAGITTAL Figure 12.2.1 Vastus lateralis m

Biceps femoris m, short head

Fibular (lateral) collateral lig

Fibular head

Common peroneal n

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

Peroneus longus m

Figure 12.2.2 Vastus lateralis m

Biceps femoris m

Gastrocnemius m, lateral head

Lateral femoral condyle

Fibular (lateral) collateral lig Biceps femoris t

Lateral tibial plateau

Lateral meniscus body Common peroneal n Fibular head

Peroneus longus m

Soleus m

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE KNEE  303

Figure 12.2.3

Biceps femoris m, short head

Gastrocnemius m, lateral head Common peroneal n Lateral femoral condyle

Plantaris m Popliteus t

Lateral meniscus, anterior horn

Lateral meniscus, posterior horn

Gerdy’s tubercle

Proximal tibiofibular joint Lateral tibial plateau

Fibular head

Extensor digitorum longus m

Figure 12.2.4

Femur

Peroneus longus m

Biceps femoris m, short head

Soleus m

Biceps femoris m, long head

Common peroneal n

Patella

Gastrocnemius m, lateral head

Articular cartilage Plantaris m

Lateral meniscus, posterior horn Lateral meniscus, anterior horn

Articular cartilage Popliteus t

Tibia

Proximal tibiofibular joint

Tibialis anterior m

Fibular head

Extensor digitorum longus m

Soleus m

304  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE KNEE

Figure 12.2.5

Plantaris m

Femur

Common peroneal n

Quadriceps t

Patella Articular cartilage Lateral meniscus, posterior horn

Gastrocnemius m, lateral head

Lateral meniscus, anterior horn Infrapatellar fat pad Patellar tendon Popliteus t Lateral tibial plateau

Tibialis anterior m

Figure 12.2.6

Tibia

Tibialis posterior m

Fibula

Femur

Quadriceps t

Lateral femoral condyle

Synovial space Plantaris m

Articular cartilage Patella Lateral meniscus, anterior horn

Gastrocnemius m, lateral head

Infrapatellar fat pad Patellar tendon Popliteus t Lateral tibial plateau

Popliteus m

Tibia

Lateral meniscus, posterior horn

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE KNEE  305

Figure 12.2.7

Femur

Tibial n

Quadriceps t

Synovial space

Plantaris m

Gastrocnemius m, lateral head

Patella Articular cartilage

Lateral meniscus, posterior horn

Infrapatellar fat pad Patellar tendon

Lateral meniscus, anterior horn insertion (root)

Tibia

Figure 12.2.8

Femur

Popliteus m

Soleus m

Popliteal v

Synovial space Tibial n Quadriceps t

Patella

Lateral meniscus, posterior horn

Gastrocnemius m Infrapatellar fat pad

Patellar tendon

Anterior cruciate lig

Tibia

Popliteus m

Soleus m

306  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE KNEE

Figure 12.2.9

Femur

Semimembranosus m

Lymph node

Quadriceps t

Popliteal v Synovial space

Lesser saphenous v

Patella

Anterior cruciate lig

Blumensaat’s line

Posterior cruciate lig Infrapatellar fat pad

Plantaris m

Patellar tendon

Tibial tuberosity

Figure 12.2.10

Tibia

Popliteus m Soleus m Gastrocnemius m

Semimembranosus m

Popliteal a Quadriceps t Synovial space

Patella

Gastrocnemius m, medial head Blumensaat’s line

Posterior cruciate lig Infrapatellar fat pad

Lesser saphenous v

Transverse meniscal lig

Popliteus m Soleus m Gastrocnemius m

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE KNEE  307

Figure 12.2.11 Vastus medialis m

Semimembranosus m

Quadriceps t Femur

Synovial space

Gastrocnemius m, medial head

Patella

Posterior cruciate lig

Meniscofemoral lig of Humphrey

Infrapatellar fat pad

Gastrocnemius m, medial head

Tibia

Popliteus m

Soleus m

Figure 12.2.12 Vastus medialis m

Semimembranosus m

Femur

Patella

Gastrocnemius m, medial head

Infrapatellar fat pad Posterior cruciate lig Medial meniscus, posterior root

Plantaris t Gastrocnemius m Tibia

Popliteus m

Soleus m

308  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE KNEE

Figure 12.2.13

Semimembranosus m

Vastus medialis m

Semitendinosus t

Patellar retinaculum

Medial femoral condyle

Medial meniscus, anterior horn

Gastrocnemius m, medial head

Medial meniscus, posterior horn

Medial tibial plateau

Plantaris t

Popliteus m

Figure 12.2.14

Soleus m

Semimembranosus m

Vastus medialis m

Semimembranosus t

Semitendinosus t Medial femoral condyle Medial meniscus, anterior horn Articular cartilage

Articular cartilage

Medial meniscus, posterior horn Medial tibial plateau Gastrocnemius m, medial head Plantaris t Soleus m

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE KNEE  309

Figure 12.2.15 Vastus medialis m Sartorius m Adductor magnus t

Semimembranosus t

Semitendinosus t Medial femoral condyle Medial meniscus, anterior horn Articular cartilage

Articular cartilage Medial meniscus, posterior horn Medial tibial plateau Gastrocnemius m, medial head

Figure 12.2.16 Vastus medialis m Adductor magnus t

Sartorius m Gracilis t

Adductor tubercle

Medial femoral condyle Medial meniscus, posterior horn

Semimembranosus t Semitendinosus t

Tibia Sartorius t Gracilis t

Gastrocnemius m, medial head

310  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE KNEE

Figure 12.2.17

Vastus medialis m Sartorius m

Medial femoral condyle

Medial meniscus Tibia Sartorius t Pes anserinus

Gracilis t Semitendinosus t

Gastrocnemius m, medial head

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE KNEE  311

CORONAL Figure 12.3.1

Quadriceps t

Lateral patellar retinaculum

Medial patellar retinaculum Patella

Lateral femoral condyle

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Patellar tendon

Figure 12.3.2

Lateral femoral condyle

Femoral trochlea

Vastus medialis m Retrobursal fat Medial patellar retinaculum Lateral patellar retinaculum

Infrapatellar fat pad

Medial patellar retinaculum

Patellar tendon

312  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE KNEE

Figure 12.3.3

Femur

Vastus medialis m Iliotibial band

Lateral femoral condyle

Medial femoral condyle

Lateral patellar retinaculum

Medial patellar retinaculum

Infrapatellar fat pad

Patellar tendon

Figure 12.3.4

Femur

Vastus medialis m

Iliotibial band

Lateral patellar retinaculum Infrapatellar fat pad

Patellar tendon

Medial patellar retinaculum

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE KNEE  313

Figure 12.3.5

Vastus lateralis m

Vastus medialis m

Iliotibial band

Lateral femoral condyle Lateral patellar retinaculum

Medial femoral condyle Medial patellar retinaculum Medial tibial plateau

Tibial tuberosity Patellar tendon

Figure 12.3.6 Vastus lateralis m

Iliotibial band

Lateral femoral condyle

Lateral patellar retinaculum

Vastus medialis m

Medial femoral condyle Transverse meniscal lig Medial patellar retinaculum Medial tibial plateau

Gerdy’s tubercle

Tibial tuberosity

314  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE KNEE

Figure 12.3.7

Femur Vastus lateralis m Vastus medialis m

Iliotibial band

Lateral femoral condyle

Medial femoral condyle

Medial patellar retinaculum

Gerdy’s tubercle

Medial meniscus, anterior horn

Tibia

Transverse meniscal lig

Figure 12.3.8

Vastus lateralis m

Vastus medialis m

Iliotibial band

Medial femoral condyle

Lateral femoral condyle

Medial meniscus, anterior horn

Lateral tibial plateau

Medial patellar retiniculum

Medial tibial plateau

Tibialis anterior m

Articular cartilage

Tibia

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE KNEE  315

Figure 12.3.9

Femur Vastus lateralis m

Vastus medialis m

Intercondylar notch

Iliotibial band

Medial femoral condyle

Lateral femoral condyle Lateral meniscus

Tibial (medial) collateral lig

Lateral tibial plateau

Medial meniscus body

Tibialis anterior m

Articular cartilage

Tibia

Figure 12.3.10

Intercondylar notch Vastus lateralis m

Vastus medialis m Posterior cruciate lig

Iliotibial band

Medial femoral condyle

Lateral femoral condyle

Medial intercondylar eminence

Anterior cruciate lig, posterolateral band

Tibial (medial) collateral lig

Lateral meniscus body

Medial meniscus body

Articular cartilage Lateral tibial plateau Extensor digitorum longus m

Pes anserinus

Tibialis anterior m Tibia

Anterior cruciate lig, anteromedial band

316  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE KNEE

Figure 12.3.11

Intercondylar notch Vastus medialis m Adductor magnus t Posterior cruciate lig

Iliotibial band

Medial femoral condyle

Lateral femoral condyle

Medial intercondylar eminence

Popliteus t Anterior cruciate lig, posterolateral band

Tibial (medial) collateral lig

Lateral meniscus body Lateral intercondylar eminence

Medial meniscus body

Extensor digitorum longus m Tibialis anterior m Tibia

Figure 12.3.12

Biceps femoris, short head

Anterior cruciate lig, anteromedial band

Vastus medialis m

Iliotibial band

Adductor magnus t

Gastrocnemius m, medial head

Greater saphenous v

Intercondylar notch

Medial femoral condyle

Lateral femoral condyle

Tibial (medial) collateral lig

Popliteus t Lateral meniscus body

Medial meniscus body

Articular cartilage

Extensor digitorum longus m Tibialis posterior m

Anterior cruciate lig

Tibial eminence

Posterior cruciate lig

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE KNEE  317

Figure 12.3.13

Biceps femoris m

Popliteal vessels

Iliotibial band

Gastrocnemius m, medial head

Meniscofemoral lig Medial femoral condyle

Fibular (lateral) collateral lig Popliteus t

Greater saphenous v

Lateral meniscus body Lateral capsular lig

Medial meniscus body

Extensor digitorum longus m Tibialis posterior m

Tibial eminence

Figure 12.3.14

Biceps femoris m

Tibial n

Tibia

Popliteal vessels Sartorius m

Iliotibial band

Gastrocnemius m, medial head

Gastrocnemius m, lateral head

Medial femoral condyle

Plantaris m Lateral femoral condyle

Meniscofemoral lig

Biceps femoris t

Posterior cruciate lig Medial meniscus, posterior horn

Lateral meniscus, posterior horn

Greater saphenous v

Fibular (lateral) collateral lig

Sartorius t

Peroneus longus m

Gracilis t

Extensor digitorum longus m Tibialis posterior m

Semitendinosus t

Tibia

Gastrocnemius m, medial head

318  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE KNEE

Figure 12.3.15

Biceps femoris m

Tibial n

Popliteal vessels Sartorius m

Gastrocnemius m, lateral head

Gastrocnemius m, medial head

Plantaris m Medial femoral condyle Lateral femoral condyle Fibular (lateral) collateral lig

Sartorius t

Fibular head

Gracilis t

Peroneus longus m

Semitendinosus t

Extensor digitorum longus m Tibialis posterior m Popliteus m

Figure 12.3.16

Biceps femoris m

Common peroneal n

Tibia Gastrocnemius m, medial head

Tibial n Sartorius m

Gastrocnemius m, lateral head

Gastrocnemius m, medial head

Popliteal vessels Medial femoral condyle

Lateral femoral condyle Popliteus m

Sartorius t Gracilis t

Biceps femoris t Lateral tibial plateau

Semimembranosus t

Fibular head Semitendinosus t Peroneus longus m Tibialis posterior m

Popliteus m

Medial tibial plateau

Gastrocnemius m, medial head

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE KNEE  319

Figure 12.3.17

Common peroneal n

Semimembranosus m

Biceps femoris m

Sartorius m

Tibial n

Gastrocnemius m, lateral head Biceps femoris t

Semimembranosus t

Popliteal vessels

Gracilis t

Conjoined t of biceps femoris m and fibular (lateral) collateral lig

Gastrocnemius t, medial head Semitendinosus t

Lateral tibial plateau Fibular head Popliteus m Peroneus longus m

Gastrocnemius m, medial head

Figure 12.3.18

Soleus m

Semimembranosus m Biceps femoris m, short head Sartorius m Common peroneal n

Semimembranosus t

Gastrocnemius m, lateral head Gracilis t

Biceps femoris t

Semitendinosus t Tibial n Fibular head

Common peroneal n

Peroneus longus m

Tibialis posterior vessels

Soleus m

Gastrocnemius m, medial head

320  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE KNEE

Figure 12.3.19

Semimembranosus m

Biceps femoris m

Semimembranosus t

Gracilis m and t

Sartorius m Gastrocnemius m, lateral head

Tibial n Semimembranosus t Semitendinosus t Popliteal vessels

Common peroneal n

Gastrocnemius m, medial head Fibular head

Peroneus longus m

Soleus m

13 Chapter

MRI of the Leg

322  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE LEG

Table 13-1.  Muscles of the Leg MUSCLE

ORIGIN

INSERTION

NERVE SUPPLY

Tibialis anterior

Distal part of the lateral condyle of the tibia, lateral surface of the proximal half of the shaft of the tibia, adjacent interosseous membrane, overlying fascia near the condyle of the tibia, and intermuscular septum between it and the extensor digitorum longus

Medial surface of the first cuneiform and the base of the first metatarsal

Branch from the common peroneal and another from the deep peroneal

Extensor digitorum longus

Lateral condyle of the tibia, anterior crest of the fibula intermuscular membrane between it and the tibialis anterior, lateral margin of the interosseous membrane, the septum between it and the peroneus longus, and fascia of the leg near the tibial origin

Each tendon, located on the dorsal surface of the toe to which it goes, divides into three fasciculi: the intermediate, attached to the dorsum of the base of the middle phalanx; and two lateral, which converge to the dorsum of the base on the distal phalanx. The margins of each tendon are bound to the sides of the back of the proximal phalanx

By two branches of the deep peroneal

Peroneus tertius

Distal one third of the anterior surface of the fibula, neighboring interosseous membrane, and anterior intermuscular septum

Onto the base of the fifth metatarsal and often onto the base of the fourth

The more distal nerve to the extensor digitorum supplies this muscle (deep peroneal)

Extensor hallucis longus

Middle half of the anterior surface of the fibula near the interosseous crest and distal half of the interosseous membrane

At the base of the dorsal aspect of the great toe

Deep peroneal

Peroneus longus

Proximal two thirds of the lateral surface of the fibula

Inferior surface of the first cuneiform and on the adjacent part of the inferolateral border and the base of the first metatarsal

Usually, the common peroneal, sometimes partially by superficial peroneal

Peroneus brevis

Middle one third of the lateral surface of the fibula, from the septum that separate it from the anterior and posterior groups of muscles

Dorsal aspect of the tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal

Superficial peroneal or a branch to peroneus longus

Popliteus

Facet at the anterior end of the groove on the lateral aspect of the femoral condyle

Proximal lip of the popliteal line of the tibia and the shaft of the tibia proximal to this line

Tibial: a branch that arises independently, or with the nerve to the posterior tibial muscle

Flexor digitorum longus

Popliteal line, medial side of the second quarter of the dorsal surface of the tibia, fibrous septum between the muscle and the tibialis fascia posterior, and the covering its proximal extremity

Onto the bases of the terminal phalanges of the second to fourth toes

Tibial: in company with nerves to other muscles of this group

Flexor hallucis longus

Distal two thirds of the posterior surface of the fibula, the septa between it and the tibialis posterior, and peroneal muscles

Onto the base of the terminal phalanx of the great toe

Tibial: often in company with the nerve to the flexor digitorum longus or other muscles of this group

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE LEG  323

Table 13-1.  Muscles of the Leg—cont’d MUSCLE

ORIGIN

INSERTION

NERVE SUPPLY

Tibialis posterior

Lateral half of the popliteal line and lateral half of the middle one third of the posterior surface of the tibia, medial side of the head and part of the body of the fibula next to the interosseous membrane in the proximal two thirds, the entire proximal and lateral portion of the lateral part of the posterior surface of the interosseous membrane, and the septum between its proximal portion and the long flexor muscles

The tendon divides into two parts: the deep part becomes attached primarily to the tubercle of the navicular bone, and usually to the first cuneiform; the superficial part attaches to the third cuneiform and the base of the fourth metatarsal, and also, in part, to the second cuneiform, to the capsule of the naviculocuneiform joint, to the sulcus of the cuboid, and usually also to the origin of the short flexor of the big toe and base of the second metatarsal; slip may extend to other structures

Tibial: in company with nerves to other muscles of this group

Gastrocnemius

Medial head: posterior surface of the medial condyle of the femur above the articular surface; lateral head: a facet on the proximal part of the posterolateral surface of the lateral condyle of the femur

Via the Achilles tendon onto the posterior surface of the calcaneus

Sciatic, tibial part

Soleus

By a fibular head from the back of the head and the proximal one third of the posterior surface of the shaft of the fibula; intermuscular septum between it and the peroneus longus, by a tibial head from the popliteal line and the middle one third of the medial border of the tibia

Via the calcaneal tendon onto the posterior surface of the calcaneus

Sciatic, tibial part

Plantaris

Distal part of the lateral line of the bifurcation of the linea aspera, in close association with the lateral head of the gastrocnemius

Via a flat narrow tendon running along the medial edge of the Achilles tendon to the posterior surface of the calcaneus

Sciatic, tibial part

324  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE LEG

AXIAL Figure 13.1.1

Tibial Tibialis posterior m tubercle Popliteal a and v

Tibia

Tibialis anterior m

Extensor digitorum longus m Crural fascia

Peroneus longus m

Greater saphenous v Popliteus m

Fibula Common peroneal n

Plantaris t

Soleus t

Soleus m

Figure 13.1.2

Tibialis anterior m

Gastrocnemius m, Lesser Gastrocnemius m, lateral head saphenous v medial head

Tibialis posterior m

Tibialis posterior vessels

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Tibia

Tibialis anterior vessels

Extensor digitorum longus m Crural fascia Peroneus longus m

Greater saphenous v Popliteus m

Fibula

Gastrocnemius m, medial head

Soleus m Soleus t Gastrocnemius aponeurosis

Gastrocnemius m, lateral head

Tibial n

Lesser Sural n Soleus m saphenous v

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE LEG  325

Figure 13.1.3

Tibialis anterior Tibialis a and v anterior m

Tibialis posterior m

Tibia

Extensor digitorum longus m Crural fascia

Peroneus longus m

Popliteus m Greater saphenous v

Deep peroneal n Fibula

Tibialis posterior vessels and tibial n

Flexor hallucis longus m

Gastrocnemius m, medial head

Soleus m

Gastrocnemius m, lateral head

Figure 13.1.4

Lesser Sural n saphenous v

Interosseous Tibialis Tibialis Tibialis membrane anterior m posterior m posterior t

Plantaris t

Tibia

Extensor digitorum longus m Popliteus m Peroneal vessels

Crural fascia

Peroneus longus m

Greater saphenous v Tibialis posterior vessels

Superficial peroneal n Fibula Flexor hallucis longus m

Gastrocnemius m, medial head

Tibial n

Soleus m

Gastrocnemius m, lateral head

Lesser saphenous v

Sural n

Plantaris t

326  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE LEG

Figure 13.1.5

Tibialis Tibialis Tibialis Tibialis Peroneal anterior vessels anterior m posterior m posterior t Tibia vessels Tibial n

Extensor digitorum longus m

Popliteus m

Crural fascia

Peroneus brevis m

Greater saphenous v

Peroneus longus m

Tibialis posterior vessels

Superficial peroneal n

Gastrocnemius m, medial head

Fibula Flexor hallucis longus m

Gastrocnemius m, lateral head

Figure 13.1.6

Anterior Tibialis crural anterior septum vessels

Lesser Sural n Soleus m saphenous v

Tibialis Tibialis anterior m posterior t Tibia

Peroneal vessels

Tibialis posterior m

Extensor digitorum longus m Flexor digitorum longus m and t

Extensor digitorum longus t

Crural fascia Peroneus brevis m

Greater saphenous v

Peroneus longus m

Tibialis posterior vessels

Superficial peroneal n

Gastrocnemius m, medial head

Fibula Interosseous membrane Flexor hallucis longus m

Tibial n

Gastrocnemius m, lateral head

Gastrocnemius aponeurosis

Lesser saphenous v

Sural n

Soleus m

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE LEG  327

Figure 13.1.7

Tibialis Peroneal anterior Tibialis Tibialis Interosseous Tibialis Tibialis vessels anterior t anterior m membrane posterior t Tibia posterior m vessels

Crural fascia Extensor digitorum longus t

Greater saphenous v

Extensor digitorum longus m

Flexor digitorum longus m and t

Peroneus brevis m

Tibial n

Peroneus longus m and t Gastrocnemius m, medial head Fibula Flexor hallucis longus m and t

Lesser saphenous v

Gastrocnemius m, lateral head

Figure 13.1.8

Tibialis anterior m and t

Interosseous membrane

Soleus m

Tibia

Tibialis posterior m and t

Tibialis posterior vessels

Peroneal vessels

Extensor digitorum longus m and t

Crural fascia Greater saphenous v

Anterior crural septum

Flexor digitorum longus m and t Tibial n

Peroneus brevis m and t Peroneus longus m and t

Gastrocnemius m, medial head

Fibula Flexor hallucis longus m and t

Gastrocnemius m, lateral head

Lesser Medial sural saphenous v cutaneous n

Soleus m

Tibialis posterior vessels

328  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE LEG

Figure 13.1.9

Tibialis anterior m and t

Tibia

Tibialis posterior m and t

Extensor digitorum longus m and t

Crural fascia Greater saphenous v

Peroneus brevis m and t Fibula Peroneus longus m and t

Gastrocnemius m, medial head

Peroneal vessels Flexor hallucis longus m

Gastrocnemius m, lateral head

Figure 13.1.10

Tibial n

7LELDOLV DQWHULRU PDQGW

Lesser saphenous v

7LELDOLV SRVWHULRU PDQGW

7LELD

Soleus m

Medial sural cutaneous n

&UXUDOIDVFLD

Tibialis posterior vessels

)OH[RU GLJLWRUXP ORQJXV PDQGW

([WHQVRU GLJLWRUXP ORQJXV PDQGW

*UHDWHU VDSKHQRXVY

7LELDOLV DQWHULRU YHVVHOV

7LELDOLVSRVWHULRU YHVVHOV

3HURQHXV EUHYLV PDQGW

7LELDOQ

)LEXOD 3HURQHXV ORQJXV PDQGW

*DVWURFQHPLXVP PHGLDOKHDG

)OH[RU KDOOXFLV ORQJXVP

*DVWURFQHPLXVP ODWHUDOKHDG

/HVVHU VDSKHQRXVY

6XUDOQ

6ROHXVP

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE LEG  329

Figure 13.1.11

Tibialis anterior m and t

Tibialis posterior m and t

Tibia

Crural fascia

Flexor digitorum longus m and t

Extensor digitorum longus m and t

Greater saphenous v

Tibialis anterior vessels Peroneus brevis m and t

Tibialis posterior vessels

Fibula Peroneus longus m and t

Tibial n

Gastrocnemius m, medial head

Flexor hallucis longus m

Lesser saphenous v

Figure 13.1.12

Tibialis anterior m and t

Tibialis posterior m and t

Sural n

Tibia

Soleus m

Crural fascia

Flexor digitorum longus m and t

Peroneal vessels Extensor digitorum longus m and t Greater saphenous v

Tibialis anterior vessels

Tibialis posterior vessels

Peroneus brevis m and t

Tibial n Soleus m and t

Fibula Peroneus longus m and t

Gastrocnemius m, medial head

Posterior crural septum Flexor hallucis longus m

Lesser saphenous v

Soleus m

Achilles t

330  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE LEG

Figure 13.1.13 Extensor digitorum longus t

Tibialis anterior m and t

Tibialis Interosseous posterior m and t membrane

Flexor digitorum longus m and t

Tibia Crural fascia

Extensor digitorum longus m

Greater saphenous v

Tibialis anterior vessels

Tibialis posterior vessels

Peroneus brevis m and t

Tibial n

Fibula Peroneus longus m and t

Soleus t

Peroneal vessels Posterior crural septum Flexor hallucis longus m

Soleus m

Figure 13.1.14 Extensor digitorum longus m and t

Tibialis anterior m and t

Tibialis posterior Interosseous membrane Tibia m and t

Achilles t

Crural fascia

Flexor digitorum longus m and t

Greater saphenous v

Tibialis anterior vessels

Tibialis posterior vessels

Peroneus brevis m and t

Tibial n Soleus t

Fibula Peroneus longus m and t

Plantaris t

Peroneal vessels

Flexor hallucis longus m

Soleus m

Achilles t

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE LEG  331

Figure 13.1.15 Extensor digitorum longus t

Tibialis Tibialis Interosseous anterior m anterior t membrane Tibia

Tibialis posterior m and t

Flexor digitorum longus m and t

Extensor digitorum longus m Greater saphenous v

Extensor hallucis longus m Tibialis anterior vessels

Tibialis posterior vessels Tibial n

Peroneus brevis m and t

Soleus m

Fibula Peroneus longus m and t

Soleus t

Peroneal vessels

Posterior crural septum

Flexor hallucis Flexor hallucis longus t longus m

Figure 13.1.16 Extensor digitorum longus m and t

Tibialis anterior m

Achilles t

Tibialis posterior Tibialis Interosseous anterior t membrane Tibia m and t

Greater saphenous v

Extensor hallucis longus m and t

Flexor digitorum longus m and t

Tibialis anterior vessels

Tibialis posterior vessels

Peroneus brevis m and t Fibula

Tibial n

Peroneus longus m and t

Plantaris t

Peroneal vessels

Flexor hallucis longus m and t

Soleus t Soleus m

Achilles t

332  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE LEG

Figure 13.1.17 Extensor digitorum longus m and t

Extensor hallucis longus m and t

Tibialis anterior Interosseous m and t membrane Tibia

Tibialis posterior m and t

Crural Greater fascia saphenous v

Flexor digitorum longus m and t

Tibialis anterior vessels

Fibula Peroneus brevis m and t

Tibialis posterior vessels Tibial n

Peroneus longus m and t

Peroneal vessels

Flexor hallucis longus m and t

Figure 13.1.18 Extensor digitorum longus m and t

Extensor hallucis longus m and t

Tibialis anterior m and t

Soleus m and t

Tibialis posterior Interosseous membrane Tibia m and t

Achilles t

Greater saphenous v

Flexor digitorum longus m and t Fibula Tibialis posterior vessels

Peroneus brevis m and t

Tibial n

Peroneus longus m and t

Flexor hallucis longus m and t

Soleus m

Achilles t

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE LEG  333

Figure 13.1.19 Extensor digitorum longus m and t

Extensor hallucis longus m and t

Tibialis anterior Interosseous m and t membrane

Tibia

Tibialis posterior m and t

Greater saphenous v

Flexor digitorum longus m and t

Fibula

Tibialis posterior vessels

Peroneus brevis m and t

Tibial n

Plantaris t

Peroneus longus m and t

Flexor hallucis longus m and t

Figure 13.1.20 Extensor digitorum longus m and t

Extensor hallucis longus m and t

Tibialis anterior m and t

Soleus m

Tibialis Tibialis anterior posterior vessels Tibia m and t

Achilles t

Greater saphenous v

Peroneal vessels

Flexor digitorum longus m and t

Interosseous membrane Fibula Peroneus brevis m and t

Tibialis posterior vessels Tibial n

Plantaris t Peroneus longus m and t

Flexor hallucis longus m and t

Achilles t

334  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE LEG

SAGITTAL Figure 13.2.1

3HURQHXV ORQJXVP

*DVWURFQHPLXVP ODWHUDOKHDG

3HURQHXV ORQJXVW

6ROHXVP

DUWHU\ DUWHULHV YHLQ YHLQV PXVFOH PXVFOHV WHQGRQ WHQGRQV QHUYH QHUYHV OLJDPHQW OLJDPHQWV QHUYH YHVVHOV ERQH

Figure 13.2.2

D DD Y YY P PP W WW Q QQ OLJ OLJV

Biceps femoris t Common peroneal n Fibular head

Tibialis anterior m Gastrocnemius m, lateral head Extensor digitorum longus t Extensor digitorum longus m

Soleus m

Peroneus longus and peroneus brevis mm and tt

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE LEG  335

Figure 13.2.3

Lateral tibial plateau

Fibular head

Gastrocnemius m, lateral head

Tibialis anterior m

Extensor digitorum longus t

Soleus m

Peroneus longus and peroneus brevis mm

Extensor digitorum longus m

Figure 13.2.4

Lateral tibial plateau

Proximal tibiofibular joint

Fibular head

Tibialis anterior m

Gastrocnemius m, lateral head

Soleus m

Fibular shaft

Extensor digitorum longus t Extensor digitorum longus m Lateral malleolus

Peroneus longus and peroneus brevis mm Peroneus longus and peroneus brevis tt

336  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE LEG

Figure 13.2.5

Infrapatellar (Hoffa’s) Lateral tibial fat pad plateau

Proximal tibiofibular joint

Patellar lig Fibular head Tibial tubercle

Tibialis anterior m

Gastrocnemius m, lateral head

Tibialis posterior m Flexor hallucis longus m Soleus m

Fibula

Extensor digitorum longus m Peroneus longus m Extensor digitorum longus t

Peroneus longus t Lateral malleolus

Figure 13.2.6

Infrapatellar (Hoffa’s) fat pad

Popliteus m

Patellar lig Tibial tubercle

Tibialis posterior m Gastrocnemius m, lateral head Tibialis anterior m Soleus m

Tibialis anterior m Peroneus longus m

Tibialis anterior t

Peroneus longus t Distal tibia

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE LEG  337

Figure 13.2.7

Lateral tibial plateau

Patellar lig Tibial tubercle

Popliteus m Popliteal a Gastrocnemius m, lateral head Soleus m

Tibia Soleus m

Flexor hallucis longus m

Tibialis anterior t

Tibial plafond

Figure 13.2.8

Infrapatellar (Hoffa’s) Tibial fat pad eminence Gastrocnemius m, medial head Popliteal a

Patellar lig

Popliteus m

Tibial tubercle

Soleus m Tibialis posterior m Gastrocnemius aponeurosis

Tibia

Tibialis posterior t

Flexor hallucis longus m

Tibial plafond

338  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE LEG

Figure 13.2.9

,QIUDSDWHOODU +RIIDҋV IDWSDG

3DWHOODUOLJ

3RVWHULRU FUXFLDWHOLJ

*DVWURFQHPLXVP PHGLDOKHDG 3RSOLWHDOYHVVHOV 3RSOLWHXVP

7LELD

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Figure 13.2.10 Tibia

Popliteus m

Tibialis anterior vessels Gastrocnemius m, medial head

Flexor digitorum longus m Soleus m

Tibialis posterior t

Achilles t

Flexor digitorum longus t Distal tibia

Flexor hallucis longus t

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE LEG  339

Figure 13.2.11 Tibia Gastrocnemius m, medial head

Soleus m

Achilles t Tibialis posterior t Medial malleolus

Flexor hallucis longus t

Figure 13.2.12

Knee joint, medial compartment Medial tibial plateau

Gastrocnemius m, medial head

Semimembranosus t insertion Gastrocnemius m, medial head

Gastrocnemius aponeurosis Soleus m

340  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE LEG

Figure 13.2.13 Medial tibial plateau

Medial femoral condyle Semimembranosus t Semitendinosus t Gastrocnemius m, medial head

Soleus m

Greater saphenous v

Figure 13.2.14

Greater saphenous v

Soleus m

Gastrocnemius m, medial head

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE LEG  341

Figure 13.2.15

Greater saphenous v Gastrocnemius m, medial head

342  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE LEG

CORONAL Figure 13.3.1 Iliotibial band

Femur

Infrapatellar fat pad Tibia

Tibialis anterior m

Anterior tibial cortex

Tibialis anterior t Extensor hallucis longus t Extensor hallucis longus m Extensor digitorum longus t

Tibia Medial malleolus Talus

Figure 13.3.2 Iliotibial band

Gerdy’s tubercle

Tibialis anterior m

Femur

Tibia

Tibialis anterior m Soleus m

Tibialis anterior t Extensor hallucis longus t Extensor digitorum longus t Extensor digitorum longus m

Fibula, lateral malleolus

Extensor hallucis longus m

Talus Calcaneus

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE LEG  343

Figure 13.3.3

,OLRWLELDO EDQG /DWHUDOIHPRUDO FRQG\OH /DWHUDOWLELDO SODWHDX *HUG\ҋV WXEHUFOH 7LELDOLV DQWHULRUP 7LELDOLV DQWHULRUW

)HPXU

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Figure 13.3.4

&DOFDQHXV

Posterior cruciate lig Lateral femoral condyle Intercondylar notch Lateral tibial plateau Tibialis anterior m Anterior cruciate lig

Tibialis anterior m Tibialis anterior a and deep peroneal n

Extensor hallucis longus m

Medial femoral condyle Medial tibial plateau Tibia Gastrocnemius m, medial head Soleus m Flexor digitorum longus t Greater saphenous v Soleus m Flexor digitorum longus m Tibialis posterior t

Extensor digitorum longus m

Tibialis posterior m

Fibula

Calcaneus

344  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE LEG

Figure 13.3.5 Lateral femoral condyle

Medial femoral condyle

Fibular (lateral) collateral lig Posterior cruciate lig Tibialis anterior a

Tibia

Flexor digitorum longus m

Peroneus longus m

Gastrocnemius m, medial head

Tibialis posterior m

Soleus m Fibula

Peroneus longus and peroneus brevis m

Tibialis posterior t Posterior tibial a and tibial n Soleus m

Peroneus longus t

Calcaneus

Figure 13.3.6

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LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE LEG  345

Figure 13.3.7

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/HVVHU VDSKHQRXVY $FKLOOHVW

Figure 13.3.8 Gastrocnemius m, lateral head

Semimembranosus t

Gastrocnemius m, medial head

Flexor hallucis longus m

Soleus m

Soleus m

Achilles t, gastrocnemius part

346  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE LEG

Figure 13.3.9

Gastrocnemius m, lateral head

Gastrocnemius m, medial head Soleus m

Figure 13.3.10

Gastrocnemius m, lateral head

Gastrocnemius m, medial head

Median raphe

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE LEG  347

Figure 13.3.11

Gastrocnemius m, lateral head Gastrocnemius m, medial head

Median raphe

14 Chapter

MRI of the Ankle

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ANKLE  349

AXIAL Figure 14.1.1

Deep Extensor hallucis Extensor hallucis peroneal n longus m longus t

Tibialis anterior t

Extensor digitorum longus t

Tibials anterior a and v

Extensor digitorum longus m

Tibia Greater saphenous v

Peroneal a and v

Tibialis posterior t

Interosseous membrane

Flexor digitorum longus t Flexor digitorum longus m Tibialis posterior a and v Flexor retinaculum Tibial n Flexor hallucis longus t

Superior extensor retinaculum Fibula Peroneus longus t Peroneus brevis t Peroneus brevis m

Lesser Sural n saphenous v

Figure 14.1.2

Achilles t

Extensor hallucis Extensor hallucis longus m longus t

Flexor Soleus m hallucis longus m

Deep peroneal n

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Tibialis anterior t

Extensor digitorum longus t Extensor digitorum longus m Interosseous membrane

Greater saphenous v Tibia

Peroneal a and v

Tibialis posterior t

Superior extensor retinaculum

Flexor digitorum longus t

Fibula

Flexor digitorum longus m

Peroneus longus t Peroneus brevis t

Tibialis posterior a and v

Peroneus brevis m

Flexor retinaculum

Tibial n

Flexor hallucis longus t

Lesser Sural n saphenous v

Achilles t

Flexor hallucis longus m

Soleus m

350  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ANKLE

Figure 14.1.3

Tibialis anterior a and vv

Extensor hallucis Extensor hallucis Deep longus m longus t peroneal n

Tibialis anterior t

Extensor digitorum longus t Extensor digitorum longus m Greater saphenous v Tibia

Peroneal a and v

Tibialis posterior t Flexor digitorum longus t and m

Superior extensor retinaculum Fibula Peroneus longus t Peroneus brevis t

Tibialis posterior a and vv Tibial n

Peroneus brevis m

Flexor retinaculum Flexor hallucis longus t

Lesser Sural n saphenous v

Figure 14.1.4

Achilles t

Flexor Soleus m hallucis longus m

Extensor hallucis Extensor hallucis longus m longus t

Tibialis anterior t

Extensor digitorum longus t Tibialis anterior a and v Extensor digitorum longus m

Inferior extensor retinaculum

Greater saphenous v Tibia

Fibular notch

Tibialis posterior t

Superior extensor retinaculum

Flexor digitorum longus t

Fibula Peroneus longus t Peroneus brevis t

Tibialis posterior a and vv Flexor retinaculum

Peroneus brevis m

Tibial n Flexor hallucis longus t

Lesser Sural n saphenous v

Achilles t

Soleus m

Flexor hallucis longus m

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ANKLE  351

Figure 14.1.5

Extensor hallucis Extensor hallucis Tibialis longus m longus t anterior t

Fibular notch

Extensor digitorum longus t Tibialis anterior a and vv Greater saphenous v

Extensor digitorum longus m Anterior tubercle

Tibia Tibialis posterior t

Posterior tibial tubercle

Flexor digitorum longus t

Fibula Peroneus longus t Peroneus brevis t

Tibialis posterior a and vv Flexor retinaculum Accessory flexor digitorum longus m

Peroneus brevis m Superior peroneal retinaculum

Tibial n Flexor hallucis longus t Lesser saphenous v

Figure 14.1.6

Achilles t

Flexor Soleus m hallucis longus m

Extensor hallucis Extensor hallucis longus m longus t

Tibialis anterior t

Inferior extensor retinaculum

Extensor digitorum longus t Tibialis anterior a and vv Extensor digitorum longus t

Greater saphenous v Tibia

Anterior tubercle

Tibialis posterior t

Fibular notch

Flexor retinaculum

Posterior tubercle

Flexor digitorum longus t

Fibula Peroneus longus t

Tibialis posterior a and vv

Peroneus brevis t

Tibial n

Superior peroneal retinaculum

Accessory flexor digitorum longus m Flexor hallucis longus t

Peroneus brevis m

Lesser saphenous v

Achilles t

Flexor Soleus m hallucis longus m

352  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ANKLE

Figure 14.1.7

Extensor hallucis longus t

Tibialis anterior t

Ankle joint (tibiotalar)

Extensor digitorum longus t

Greater saphenous v

Anterior inferior tibiofibular lig Fibula, lateral malleolus

Deltoid lig Tibia, medial malleolus Tibialis posterior t

Posterior inferior tibiofibular lig

Flexor digitorum longus t Flexor retinaculum

Superior peroneal retinaculum Peroneus longus t

Tibialis posterior a and vv

Peroneus brevis t

Tibial n

Peroneus brevis m Tibia, posterior malleolus

Accessory flexor digitorum longus m Flexor hallucis longus t Achilles t

Lesser saphenous v

Figure 14.1.8

Extensor hallucis longus t

Flexor Soleus m hallucis longus m

Tibialis anterior t

Extensor digitorum longus t

Greater saphenous v Deltoid lig, tibionavicular and anterior tibiotalar parts

Anterior inferior tibiofibular lig

Tibia, medial malleolus Talar dome

Fibula, lateral malleolus

Tibialis posterior t

Posterior inferior tibiofibular lig

Flexor digitorum longus t

Peroneus longus t

Flexor retinaculum Tibialis posterior a and vv

Peroneus brevis t

Tibial n

Peroneus brevis m

Accessory flexor digitorum longus m

Peroneus quartus m

Flexor hallucis longus t Lesser saphenous v

Kager’s triangle

Achilles t

Flexor Plantaris t hallucis longus m

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ANKLE  353

Figure 14.1.9

Navicular

Tibialis anterior t

Extensor digitorum longus t

Greater saphenous v

Talar head

Deltoid lig, tibionavicular and anterior tibiotalar parts

Talar neck

Talar body Fibula, lateral malleolus

Tibialis posterior t Flexor digitorum longus t

Peroneus longus t

Flexor retinaculum

Superior peroneal retinaculum Peroneus brevis t

Tibialis posterior a and vv Tibial n

Peroneus brevis m Accessory flexor digitorum longus m

Peroneus quartus m Lesser saphenous v

Kager’s triangle

Figure 14.1.10

Achilles t Flexor Plantaris t hallucis longus m

Flexor hallucis longus t

Navicular Extensor digitorum brevis m

Talonavicular joint

Talar head

Deltoid lig, tibionavicular and anterior tibiotalar parts

Talar neck

Tibialis posterior t

Anterior talofibular lig

Talar body

Fibula, lateral malleolus

Flexor digitorum longus t

Posterior talofibular lig

Flexor retinaculum Tibialis posterior a and vv

Peroneus longus t Superior peroneal retinaculum

Tibial n

Peroneus brevis t

Flexor hallucis longus t

Peroneus brevis m

Accessory flexor digitorum longus m

Peroneus quartus m Lesser saphenous v

Kager’s triangle

Achilles t

Flexor hallucis longus fascia

354  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ANKLE

Figure 14.1.11

Middle cuneiform

Navicular

Talonavicular joint

Extensor digitorum brevis m

Tibialis posterior t Deltoid lig, tibionavicular and anterior tibiotalar parts

Talar head Inferior extensor retinaculum

Tarsal sinus Posterior talofibular lig

Flexor digitorum longus t

Fibula, lateral malleolus

Flexor retinaculum Tibialis posterior n and vessels

Peroneus longus t Peroneus brevis t

Posterior sulcus Flexor hallucis longus t

Peroneus quartus m

Accessory flexor digitorum longus m Lesser saphenous v

Kager’s triangle

Figure 14.1.12

Achilles t

Middle cuneiform

Plantaris t

Navicular

Talus, posterior process

Medial cuneiform

Lateral cuneiform Extensor digitorum brevis m

Tibialis posterior t

Talus

Tarsal sinus Flexor digitorum longus t

Calcaneofibular lig

Inferior flexor retinaculum Peroneus longus t

Tibial n and tibialis posterior vessels Flexor hallucis longus t

Peroneus brevis t Inferior peroneal retinaculum

Accessory flexor digitorum longus m

Peroneus quartus m

Lesser saphenous v

Kager’s triangle

Achilles t

Talocalcaneal joint, posterior facet

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ANKLE  355

Figure 14.1.13

Medioplantar Medial Middle calcaneonavicular cuneiform cuneiform lig Lateral cuneiform

Tibialis posterior t, cuneiform slip

Extensor digitorum brevis m

Tibialis posterior t

Cuboid Calcaneus, anterior process

Flexor digitorum longus t Sustentaculum tali

Calcaneofibular lig

Inferior flexor retinaculum Tibial n and tibialis posterior vessels

Peroneus longus t Peroneus brevis t

Flexor hallucis longus t Accessory flexor digitorum longus m

Peroneus quartus t

Quadratus plantae m Kager’s triangle

Figure 14.1.14

Achilles t

Tibialis posterior t, cuneiform slip

Plantaris t

Calcaneus

Inferoplantar calcaneonavicular (spring) lig

Lateral cuneiform Cuboid

Abductor hallucis m

Extensordigitorum brevis m Calcaneus, cuboid joint

Flexor digitorum longus t

Calcaneus, anterior process

Sustentaculum tali Inferior flexor retinaculum

Peroneus longus t Peroneus brevis t

Tibial n and tibialis posterior vessels Quadratus plantae m

Calcaneofibular lig Tubercle of calcaneofibular lig Peroneus quartus t Retrotrochlear eminence

Plantaris t

Calcaneal tuberosity

Achilles t

Calcaneus

356  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ANKLE

Figure 14.1.15

Plantar cuneocuboid lig Cuboid Flexor digitorum longus t Flexor hallucis longus t

Extensor digitorum brevis m Calcaneocuboid joint

Abductor hallucis m

Calcaneus, anterior process Peroneal tubercle Peroneus longus and peroneus brevis tt Tubercle of calcaneofibular lig

Tibial n and tibialis posterior vessels

Retrotrochlear eminence

Quadratus plantae m Calcaneal tuberosity

Figure 14.1.16

Fifth metatarsal

Achilles t

Calcaneus

Fifth tarsometatarsal Plantar joint cuneocuboid lig

Cuboid Flexor digitorum longus t Flexor hallucis longus t Calcaneocuboid joint

Abductor hallucis m

Calcaneus, anterior process

Quadratus plantae m Medial plantar n and vessels

Peroneus longus and peroneus brevis tt

Lateral plantar n and vessels

Calcaneal tuberosity

Achilles t

Calcaneus

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ANKLE  357

Figure 14.1.17

Fifth metatarsal

Plantar calcaneocuboid lig

Cuboid

Peroneus brevis t

Abductor hallucis m

Peroneus longus t

Quadratus plantae m Medial plantar n and vessels

Lateral plantar n and vessels

Calcaneal tuberosity

Figure 14.1.18

Achilles t

Calcaneus

Fifth metatarsal Base of fifth metatarsal Quadratus plantae m Peroneus brevis t Peroneus longus t Abductor digiti minimi m Abductor hallucis m

Calcaneal tuberosity

Calcaneus

358  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ANKLE

Figure 14.1.19

Base of fifth metatarsal

Flexor digitorum brevis m

Plantar aponeurosis, lateral cord

Abductor digiti minimi m

Calcaneal tuberosity

Figure 14.1.20 Flexor digitorum brevis m

Abductor digiti minimi m

Calcaneal tuberosity

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ANKLE  359

OBLIQUE AXIAL Figure 14.2.1

Extensor digitorum longus t

Extensor hallucis longus t Tibialis anterior m

Extensor digitorum longus and extensor hallucis longus mm

Tibialis anterior t Greater saphenous v Tibia

Extensor retinaculum

Tibialis posterior t Flexor digitorum longus t

Fibula Peroneus longus t

Tibialis posterior vessels and tibial n

Peroneus brevis t

Flexor hallucis longus t

Peroneus brevis m

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

Lesser saphenous v Flexor hallucis longus m

Achilles t

Figure 14.2.2

Extensor digitorum longus t

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Extensor hallucis longus t Tibialis anterior t

Extensor digitorum longus and extensor hallucis longus mm

Extensor retinaculum

Tibialis anterior m Extensor retinaculum Greater saphenous v

Tibia Fibula Peroneus longus t Peroneus brevis t Peroneus brevis m Lesser saphenous v

Tibialis posterior t Flexor digitorum longus t Tibialis posterior vessels and n Flexor hallucis longus t

Achilles t Flexor hallucis longus m

360  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ANKLE

Figure 14.2.3

Extensor digitorum longus t

Extensor hallucis longus t Tibialis anterior t

Extensor hallucis longus m

Tibialis anterior a

Extensor digitorum longus m

Greater saphenous v

Fibula

Tibia

Posterior inferior tibiofibular lig

Tibialis posterior t

Peroneus longus t

Flexor digitorum longus t

Peroneus brevis t Lesser saphenous v Peroneus brevis m

Tibialis posterior vessels and tibial n

Peroneal a and v

Flexor hallucis longus t

Calcaneus

Flexor hallucis longus fascia

Achilles t attachment

Figure 14.2.4

Extensor digitorum longus t

Peroneus tertius m Superficial peroneal n

Extensor hallucis longus t

Tibialis anterior t Deep peroneal n Tibialis anterior a Extensor hallucis longus m

Anterior inferior tibiofibular lig Fibula, lateral malleolus Posterior talofibular lig Peroneus longus t Peroneus brevis t Lesser saphenous v Peroneus brevis m

Tibia, medial malleolus Talar dome Tibialis posterior t Flexor digitorum longus t Flexor retinaculum Tibialis posterior a Tibial n Flexor hallucis longus t

Calcaneus

Talus, posterior process

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ANKLE  361

Figure 14.2.5

Extensor digitorum longus t

Extensor hallucis longus m

Extensor hallucis longus t

Tibialis anterior t

Tibialis anterior a Peroneus tertius m

Tibia, medial malleolus Talus

Fibula, lateral malleolus

Deltoid lig

Peroneus brevis t

Tibialis posterior t Flexor digitorum longus t

Peroneus longus t Peroneal retinaculum

Flexor retinaculum Flexor hallucis longus t

Lesser saphenous v

Tibialis posterior a Tibial n Quadratus plantae m

Calcaneus

Figure 14.2.6

Subtalar joint, posterior facet

Extensor digitorum longus t

Peroneus tertius m

Extensor hallucis longus m

Extensor hallucis longus t

Tibialis anterior t

Tibialis anterior a Deep peroneal n Greater saphenous v Talus Deltoid lig

Peroneus brevis t Peroneus longus t Peroneal retinaculum

Tibialis posterior t Flexor digitorum longus t Sustentaculum tali Flexor retinaculum Medial plantar vessels and n Flexor hallucis longus t

Lateral plantar vessels and n Quadratus plantae m Calcaneus

Subtalar joint, posterior facet

362  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ANKLE

Figure 14.2.7

Extensor digitorum longus t

Extensor hallucis longus m

Extensor hallucis longus t Tibialis anterior a Deep peroneal n Tibialis anterior t Greater saphenous v

Talonavicular lig Extensor retinaculum

Talus Calcaneonavicular (spring) lig Peroneus brevis t

Tibialis posterior t Subtalar joint, middle facet

Peroneus longus t

Flexor digitorum longus t Calcaneus, sustentaculum tali Medial plantar vessels and n Flexor retinaculum

Abductor digiti minimi m Calcaneus

Flexor hallucis longus t

Plantar aponeurosis

Quadratus plantae m

Flexor digitorum brevis m

Figure 14.2.8

Lateral plantar vessels and nn

Extensor digitorum longus t

Peroneus tertius t

Extensor digitorum brevis m Peroneus brevis t

Extensor Tibialis anterior a and retinaculum deep peroneal n

Extensor hallucis longus t

Tibialis anterior t Talus Inferoplantar calcaneonavicular (spring) lig Tibialis posterior t, additional slip Tibialis posterior t

Peroneus longus t Lesser saphenous v

Abductor digiti minimi m

Calcaneus

Flexor digitorum brevis m

Flexor digitorum longus t Abductor hallucis m Flexor hallucis longus t Medial plantar vessels and n Quadratus plantae m Lateral plantar vessels and n

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ANKLE  363

Figure 14.2.9

Extensor digitorum longus tt

Extensor hallucis longus t Extensor retinaculum Tibialis anterior t

Peroneus tertius t

Navicular

Extensor digitorum brevis m

Flexor hallucis longus t

Cuboid Calcaneocuboid joint

Tibialis posterior t, additional slip

Peroneus brevis t

Tibialis posterior t Abductor hallucis m Abductor hallucis t

Peroneus longus t Plantar calcaneocuboid lig

Flexor digitorum longus t

Abductor digiti minimi m

Medial plantar vessels and n Quadratus plantae m Lateral plantar vessels and n

Flexor digitorum brevis m

Figure 14.2.10

Extensor digitorum longus tt

Lateral cuneiform

Extensor hallucis longus t Extensor retinaculum

Extensor digitorum brevis m Peroneus tertius t Cuboid

Tibialis anterior t

Middle cuneiform Medial cuneiform

Peroneus brevis t

Tibialis posterior t, additional slips Flexor hallucis longus t

Peroneus longus t

Flexor hallucis t Abductor hallucis m

Abductor digiti minimi m

Flexor digitorum longus t Medial plantar vessels and n Quadratus plantae m

Lateral plantar vessels and n

Flexor digitorum brevis m

364  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ANKLE

Figure 14.2.11

Extensor digitorum longus tt

Extensor digitorum brevis m Peroneus tertius t

Cuboid Peroneus brevis t

Lateral cuneiform

Extensor hallucis brevis m

Extensor hallucis longus t

Middle cuneiform Tibialis anterior t Medial cuneiform Tibialis posterior t, additional slip Flexor hallucis longus t Abductor hallucis m

Peroneus longus t Plantar aponeurosis, lateral part Abductor digiti minimi m Abductor digiti minimi t Lateral plantar vessels and nn Flexor digitorum brevis m

Abductor hallucis t Medial plantar vessels and n Flexor digitorum longus t Quadratus plantae m Plantar aponeurosis, medial part

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ANKLE  365

SAGITTAL Figure 14.3.1 Peroneus brevis m

Peroneus brevis t

Fibula, lateral malleolus

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Figure 14.3.2 Peroneus brevis m

Anterior inferior tibiofibular lig

Peroneus brevis t

Fibula, lateral malleolus

Posterior talofibular lig

Peroneus longus t

Lesser saphenous v

366  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ANKLE

Figure 14.3.3

Extensor digitorum longus m Peroneus brevis m

Anterior inferior tibiofibular lig

Fibula, lateral malleolus

Peroneus brevis t

Posterior talofibular lig

Extensor digitorum brevis m

Lesser saphenous v

Peroneus brevis t

Talus, lateral process

Peroneus longus t

Figure 14.3.4

Tibia Extensor digitorum longus m Tibial plafond

Ankle joint Flexor hallucis longus m Lesser saphenous v

Talar dome Talus, lateral process Talocalcaneal lig Extensor digitorum brevis m

Peroneus quartus m

Posterior talofibular lig Achilles t

Calcaneus, anterior process Cuboid

Posterior subtalar joint Calcaneal tuberosity Calcaneus Abductor digiti minimi m

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ANKLE  367

Figure 14.3.5

Extensor digitorum longus m

Tibia

Ankle joint

Flexor hallucis longus m

Extensor digitorum longus t

Soleus m Achilles t

Tibial plafond Talar dome

Kager’s triangle

Talus, lateral process Talocalcaneal lig

Posterior talofibular lig

Extensor digitorum brevis m

Achilles t

Calcaneus, anterior process

Talar body Cuboid Posterior subtalar joint

Base of fifth metatarsal

Calcaneal tuberosity

Cuboid sulcus

Calcaneus Abductor digiti minimi m Gissane’s angle

Figure 14.3.6

Extensor hallucis longus m

Tibia

Ankle joint

Flexor hallucis longus m

Extensor digitorum longus t

Soleus m

Tibialis anterior vessels Tibial plafond

Talar dome

Achilles t

Talus, lateral process Kager’s triangle

Talocalcaneal lig Extensor digitorum brevis m

Talus, posterior process

Calcaneus, anterior process

Talar body

Cuboid Posterior subtalar joint

Base of fourth metatarsal Base of fifth metatarsal

Calcaneal tuberosity

Cuboid sulcus

Calcaneus

Peroneus longus t Plantar Abductor digiti calcaneocuboid lig minimi m

Plantar fascia, lateral cord

368  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ANKLE

Figure 14.3.7

Extensor hallucis longus t

Tibial plafond

Tibia

Ankle joint

Flexor hallucis longus m

Extensor hallucis longus m

Soleus m

Tibialis anterior vessels Flexor hallucis longus t

Extensor digitorum longus t Talar head

Talar dome

Extensor digitorum brevis m

Kager’s triangle

Talocalcaneal lig

Achilles t

Tarsal sinus Lateral cuneiform Calcaneus, anterior process

Talus, posterior process

Cuneocuboid lig

Talar body

Cuboid

Posterior subtalar joint

Base of fourth metatarsal

Calcaneal tuberosity

Base of fifth metatarsal Peroneus longus t

Calcaneus

Plantar Abductor digiti calcaneocuboid lig minimi m

Figure 14.3.8

Tibial plafond

Tibia

Long Plantar fascia, plantar lig lateral cord

Flexor hallucis longus m

Extensor hallucis longus t Extensor digitorum longus t

Flexor hallucis longus t

Talar head Extensor digitorum brevis m Navicular

Talar dome

Anterior subtalar joint

Talus, posterior process

Tarsal sinus

Achilles t Lateral cuneiform

Talar body

Cuneocuboid lig Posterior subtalar joint

Base of fourth metatarsal Cuboid

Calcaneal tuberosity

Peroneus longus t

Calcaneus

Abductor digiti minimi m

Plantar Quadratus Flexor Plantar fascia, plantae m calcaneocuboid digitorum medial cord lig brevis m

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ANKLE  369

Figure 14.3.9

Tibial plafond

Tibia

Tibialis anterior t Extensor hallucis longus t

Tibial n and tibialis posterior vessels

Talar head Talar dome Talonavicular joint

Accessory flexor digitorum longus m

Navicular Anterior subtalar joint

Flexor hallucis longus t

Lateral cuneiform

Talar body Posterior subtalar joint

Base of fourth metatarsal Cuboid

Calcaneus

Calcaneal tuberosity

Middle subtalar joint

Quadratus plantae m

Figure 14.3.10

Tibial plafond

Flexor digitorum brevis m

Plantar fascia, medial cord

Tibia

Tibialis anterior t

Tibialis posterior t

Extensor hallucis t

Flexor digitorum longus t Tibial n and tibialis posterior vessels

Talar head Talonavicular joint

Talus Accessory flexor digitorum longus m

Navicular

Middle cuneiform

Flexor hallucis longus t Calcaneus

Base of third metatarsal

Quadratus plantae m Calcaneal tuberosity

Calcaneus, sustentaculum tali Quadratus plantae m

Medial plantar a

Middle subtalar joint

Plantar fascia, Flexor digitorum medial cord brevis m

370  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ANKLE

Figure 14.3.11

Anterior tibiotalar lig

Greater saphenous v

Tibia, medial malleolus Tibialis posterior t

Tibialis anterior t

Flexor digitorum longus t Posterior tibiotalar lig Tibial n and tibialis posterior vessels

Navicular Navicular cuneiform joint

Talus Medial and lateral plantar vessels and nn

Middle cuneiform

Calcaneus, sustentaculum tali

Inferoplantar calcaneonavicular (spring) lig

Medial calcaneal vessels and n

Abductor hallucis m

Flexor digitorum brevis m

Figure 14.3.12

Plantar fascia, medial cord

Middle subtalar joint

Flexor hallucis longus t

Tibia, medial malleolus

Tibiocalcaneal lig

Medial malleolus, anterior colliculus

Tibialis posterior t Medial malleolus, posterior colliculus

Tibialis anterior t

Flexor digitorum longus t Navicular Medial cuneiform

Talus

Inferoplantar calcaneonavicular (spring) lig

Calcaneus, sustentaculum tali Abductor hallucis m Medial plantar vessels and n

Flexor digitorum brevis m

Plantar fascia, medial cord

Flexor hallucis longus t

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ANKLE  371

Figure 14.3.13

Tibia, medial malleolus

Tibialis posterior t

Deltoid lig

Flexor digitorum longus t

Navicular

Medial cuneiform Tibialis posterior t, cuneiform slip

Abductor hallucis m Medial plantar vessels and n

Flexor digitorum brevis m

Plantar fascia, medial cord

372  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ANKLE

CORONAL Figure 14.4.1

Extensor hallucis longus m

Extensor hallucis longus t

Tibialis anterior t

Extensor digitorum longus tt

Talar head Greater saphenous v

Flexor digitorum longus t

Talonavicular joint

Extensor digitorum brevis m

Navicular

Cuboid Tibialis posterior t

Flexor hallucis longus t

Abductor hallucis m Medial plantar a and n Quadratus plantae m

Plantar calcaneocuboid lig Peroneus brevis t

Flexor digitorum brevis m

Abductor digiti minimi m

Figure 14.4.2

Extensor hallucis longus m

Peroneus longus t

Tibialis anterior t

Plantar aponeurosis, medial cord

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Extensor hallucis longus t

Extensor digitorum longus t

Talar head Greater saphenous v Inferoplantar calcaneonavicular (spring) lig

Extensor digitorum brevis m

Navicular

Peroneus brevis t

Tibialis posterior t insertion Flexor digitorum longus t Abductor hallucis m Flexor hallucis longus t Medial plantar a and n

Peroneus longus t

Quadratus plantae m

Cuboid

Flexor digitorum brevis m Abductor digiti Plantar Lateral plantar Plantar aponeurosis, minimi m calcaneocuboid a and n medial cord lig

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ANKLE  373

Figure 14.4.3

Extensor hallucis longus m

Greater saphenous v

Extensor digitorum longus m

Talus

Tibialis anterior vessels

Tibialis posterior t insertion

Anterior subtalar joint

Inferoplantar calcaneonavicular (spring) lig

Extensor digitorum brevis m

Flexor digitorum longus t Abductor hallucis m

Cuboid

Flexor hallucis longus t Medial plantar a and n Quadratus plantae m

Peroneus brevis t

Flexor digitorum brevis m

Peroneus longus t

Abductor digiti Plantar Plantar minimi m calcaneocuboid lig aponeurosis, medial cord

Figure 14.4.4

Tibialis anterior vessels

Tibia Greater saphenous v

Extensor digitorum longus m

Talus Deltoid lig, anterior tibiotalar portion Tibialis posterior t insertion Flexor digitorum longus t Superomedial calcaneonavicular (spring) lig Plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) lig Abductor hallucis m

Anterior subtalar joint Extensor digitorum brevis m

Calcaneus Calcaneocuboid joint

Flexor hallucis longus t

Peroneus brevis t

Medial plantar a and n Quadratus plantae m Flexor digitorum brevis m

Peroneus longus t

Abductor digiti Plantar Plantar aponeurosis, minimi m calcaneocuboid lig medial cord

374  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ANKLE

Figure 14.4.5

Tibia

Ankle joint

Greater saphenous v

Extensor digitorum longus m

Tibia, medial malleolus

Tibial plafond

Deltoid lig, anterior tibiotalar portion

Talus Tarsal sinus

Tibialis posterior t Flexor digitorum longus t

Talocalcaneal lig

Flexor hallucis longus t

Calcaneus Extensor digitorum brevis m

Abductor hallucis m

Peroneus brevis t Quadratus plantae m

Lesser saphenous v

Flexor digitorum brevis m

Peroneus longus t

Abductor digiti minimi m

Figure 14.4.6

Plantar Plantar aponeurosis, calcaneocuboid lig medial cord

Tibia

Extensor digitorum longus m

Ankle joint Tibia, medial malleolus

Tibial plafond

Deltoid lig, tibiocalcaneal fibers Tibialis posterior t

Talar dome Talar body Middle subtalar joint

Flexor digitorum longus t Calcaneus, sustentaculum tali Flexor hallucis longus t

Talocalcaneal lig Calcaneus

Abductor hallucis m

Peroneus brevis t Lesser saphenous v

Quadratus plantae m

Peroneus longus t

Flexor digitorum brevis m

Long plantar lig

Abductor digiti minimi m

Plantar aponeurosis, lateral cord

Plantar Plantar calcaneocuboid lig aponeurosis, medial cord

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ANKLE  375

Figure 14.4.7

Tibia

Ankle joint

Extensor digitorum longus m

Tibia, medial malleolus

Tibial plafond

Deltoid lig, deep portion Tibialis posterior t

Talar dome Talar body

Calcaneus, sustentaculum tali

Middle subtalar joint

Flexor digitorum longus t

Talocalcaneal lig

Lateral plantar n and vessels

Calcaneus Peroneus brevis t

Flexor hallucis longus t

Lesser saphenous v

Abductor hallucis m

Peroneus longus t

Quadratus plantae m Flexor digitorum brevis m

Long plantar lig

Abductor digiti minimi m

Figure 14.4.8

Plantar Plantar aponeurosis, calcaneocuboid lig lateral cord

Tibia

Extensor digitorum longus m

Plantar aponeurosis, medial cord

Ankle joint

Tibial plafond

Tibia, medial malleolus

Fibula, lateral malleolus

Tibialis posterior t Deltoid lig, deep portion

Talar dome

Flexor retinaculum Flexor digitorum longus t

Talar body

Peroneus brevis t

Calcaneus, sustentaculum tali Flexor hallucis longus t

Calcaneus

Lateral plantar n and vessels

Peroneus longus t

Abductor hallucis m

Lesser saphenous v

Quadratus plantae m Flexor digitorum brevis m Plantar aponeurosis, medial cord

Abductor digiti minimi m

Long plantar lig

Plantar Plantar aponeurosis, calcaneocuboid lig lateral cord

376  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ANKLE

Figure 14.4.9

Tibia

Ankle joint

Tibial plafond Tibialis posterior t Talar dome Fibula, lateral malleolus Talar body

Deltoid lig, deep portion

Anterior talofibular lig Talus, lateral process Posterior subtalar joint Peroneus brevis t Peroneus longus t Tubercle of peroneal trochlea Inferior peroneal retinaculum

Flexor digitorum longus t Flexor retinaculum

Flexor hallucis longus t Abductor hallucis m

Calcaneus

Quadratus plantae m Flexor digitorum brevis m

Abductor digiti minimi m

Figure 14.4.10

Plantar aponeurosis, Plantar Plantar medial cord aponeurosis, calcaneocuboid lig lateral cord

Tibia

Ankle joint

Fibula

Tibialis posterior t

Tibial plafond

Flexor digitorum longus t

Fibula, lateral malleolus

Talus

Talus, lateral process

Flexor retinaculum Flexor hallucis longus t

Posterior subtalar joint Peroneus brevis t Peroneus longus t Tubercle of peroneal trochlea

Tibialis posterior vessels

Inferior peroneal retinaculum

Abductor hallucis m

Calcaneus

Quadratus plantae m Flexor digitorum brevis m

Abductor digiti Plantar Plantar Plantar aponeurosis, medial cord minimi m calcaneocuboid lig aponeurosis, lateral cord

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ANKLE  377

Figure 14.4.11

Ankle joint

Tibia

Fibula Flexor digitorum longus t Fibula, lateral malleolus Talus

Posterior subtalar joint

Posterior talofibular lig

Flexor hallucis longus t Tibialis posterior vessels

Peroneus brevis t Peroneus longus t

Quadratus plantae m

Calcaneus

Abductor hallucis m

Flexor digitorum brevis m

Abductor digiti minimi m

Figure 14.4.12

Plantar aponeurosis

Posterior Tibia intermalleolar lig Posterior inferior tibiofibular lig Tibial n and tibialis posterior vessels

Fibula, lateral malleolus

Flexor retinaculum Talus

Flexor hallucis longus t

Posterior talofibular lig

Posterior subtalar joint

Peroneus longus t

Quadratus plantae m

Peroneus brevis t

Abductor hallucis m

Calcaneus

Flexor digitorum brevis m

Abductor digiti minimi m

Plantar aponeurosis

378  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ANKLE

Figure 14.4.13

Peroneus brevis m Peroneus brevis t Flexor hallucis longus m

Peroneus longus t

Flexor hallucis longus t

Posterior inferior tibiofibular lig

Accessory flexor digitorum longus m Flexor hallucis longus t Posterior subtalar joint

Talus Fibula, lateral malleolus Peroneus brevis t

Accessory flexor digitorum longus m

Peroneus longus t

Quadratus plantae m

Peroneus quartus m and t Retrotrochlear eminence

Calcaneus Flexor digitorum brevis m

Abductor digiti minimi m

Figure 14.4.14

Plantar aponeurosis

Peroneus brevis m Flexor hallucis longus m

Peroneus longus t

Peroneus brevis t

Accessory flexor digitorum longus m

Peroneus quartus m

Lesser saphenous v

Quadratus plantae m

Calcaneus

Lateral calcaneal tubercle

Plantar aponeurosis

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ANKLE  379

Figure 14.4.15

Tibial n and tibialis posterior a

Peroneus brevis m

Flexor hallucis longus m

Lesser saphenous v

Quadratus plantae m

Calcaneus

Lateral calcaneal tubercle

Figure 14.4.16 Lesser saphenous v

Soleus m

Kager’s triangle

Calcaneus

Lateral calcaneal tubercle

380  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE ANKLE

Figure 14.4.17

Soleus m

Kager’s triangle

Achilles t

Calcaneus

Figure 14.4.18

Achilles t

Calcaneus

15 Chapter

MRI of the Foot

382  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOOT

Table 15-1.  Muscles of the Foot MUSCLE

ORIGIN

INSERTION

NERVE SUPPLY

Extensor digitorum brevis

Distal part of the lateral and superior surfaces of the calcaneus and the apex of the inferior extensor retinaculum

As the fiber bundles extend distally, they become grouped into four bellies. Those fibers of the most medial and largest belly are known as extensor hallucis brevis. The tendon of this muscle inserts onto the base of the first metatarsal. The remaining fiber bundles have more variable insertions. The second toe fibers usually insert onto the middle dorsal aspect of the base of the proximal phalanx and are often united with the long extensor tendon. The three more lateral tendons are usually fused with the lateral margins of the corresponding long extensor tendons near the bases of the respective middle phalanges and usually extend to the bases of the corresponding proximal phalanges.

Deep peroneal

Flexor digitorum

Medial process of the tuber calcanei, posterior third of the plantar aponeurosis, and medial and lateral intermuscular septa

Tendons of the short (brevis) flexors pass superficial to those of the long flexor into the osteofibrous canals on the flexor surface of the digits. On the proximal phalanx of each toe, the tendon of the short flexor divides and forms an opening through which the tendon of the long flexor passes. The tendons of the short flexor insert onto the base of the middle phalanx

Surface near the medial edge of the muscle

Quadratus plantae (flexor accessorius)

Two heads: a small lateral and a large medial one. (1) Lateral head arises from an elongated tendon from the lateral process of the tuberosity of the calcaneus and from the lateral margin of the long plantar ligament. (2) Medial head originates from the medial surface of the calcaneus in front of the tuberosity and from adjacent ligaments

The two heads are separated at their origin by a short triangular space. The heads fuse to form a single belly, but the fiber bundles of each head are separately inserted. From the lateral head, the fibers insert into the lateral margin of the flexor tendon. The medial head inserts as an aponeurosis into the deep surface of the flexor tendon

Lateral plantar nerve branch that passes obliquely across the superficial surface of the muscle, parallel with the tendon of the flexor digitorum longus

Lumbricals

Three lateral lumbricals arise from the adjacent sides of the digital tendons of the flexor digitorum longus. The first lumbrical arises on the medial margin of the second toe

Fiber bundles of each muscle converge on both sides of a tendon that becomes free near the metatarsophalangeal joint and is inserted onto the medial side of the proximal phalanx of the appropriate toe. A tendinous expansion is inserted into the aponeurosis of the extensor muscle

Three lateral lumbricals are usually supplied by branches of the deep ramus of the lateral plantar nerve. Medial lumbrical is supplied by the first common plantar digital branch of the medial plantar nerve. This nerve may supply the two more medial muscles, or the medial muscles may receive a double nerve supply

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOOT  383

Table 15-1.  Muscles of the Foot—cont’d MUSCLE

ORIGIN

INSERTION

NERVE SUPPLY

Abductor hallucis

Medial border of the medial process of the tuber calcanei, flexor retinaculum, and plantar aponeurosis

Along with the tendon of the medial belly of flexor brevis onto the base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe

Branch of the medial plantar

Flexor hallucis brevis

From the plantar surface of the lateral cuneiform and cuboid bones

The medial and lateral sides of the base of the proximal phalanx of the great toe

Branch from the medial plantar or first plantar digital. Rarely, the lateral body may receive a branch from the lateral plantar

Adductor hallucis, oblique head

Tuberosity of the cuboid and sheath of the tendon of the peroneus longus, the plantar calcaneocuboid ligament, the third cuneiform, and bases of the second and third metatarsals

By a flat tendon that inserts in common with that of the flexor brevis onto the lateral part of the plantar surface of the base of the proximal phalanx, and by a slip into the aponeurosis of the long extensor muscle on the back of the great toe

Branch of the deep ramus of the lateral plantar

Adductor hallucis, transverse head

Joint capsules of the third, fourth, and fifth metatarsophalangeal joints and the deep transverse metatarsal ligaments

By a common tendon that splits and passes on each side of the tendon of the oblique head and is inserted into the sheath on the tendon of the long flexor of the great toe

Branch from the deep ramus of the lateral plantar

Abductor digiti minimi

Lateral and medial processes of the tuber calcanei and lateral and plantar surfaces of the body of the bone in front of these, lateral intermuscular septum, deep surface of the lateral plantar fascia, and fibrous band extending from the calcaneus to the lateral side of the base of the fifth metatarsal

Onto the lateral surface of the proximal phalanx of the little toe and the metatarsophalangeal capsule

Lateral plantar

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Sheath of the peroneus longus, tuberosity of the cuboid, and base of the fifth metatarsal

By short tendinous bands onto the base of the proximal phalanx of the little toe, the capsule of the corresponding joint, and the aponeurosis on the dorsal surface of the toe

Branch from the superficial ramus of the lateral plantar

Opponens digiti minimi

An inconstant muscle, it may arise from the sheath of the peroneus longus and the tuberosity of the cuboid by a thin tendon that passes over the tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal

Onto the lateral surface of the fifth metatarsal

Branch from the nerve to the flexor brevis and the superficial ramus of the lateral plantar

Continued

384  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOOT

Table 15-1.  Muscles of the Foot—cont’d MUSCLE

ORIGIN

INSERTION

NERVE SUPPLY

Interosseous, dorsal

Each of the three lateral dorsal interosseous muscles arises from the sides of the shaft and the plantar surface of the bases of the metatarsals, bounding the space in which each lies, from the fascia covering it dorsally, and from the fibrous prolongations from the long plantar ligament. The first (medial) has a similar origin, except that its medial origin is by a tendinous slip from the peroneus longus tendon and, occasionally, by fiber bundles from the medial side of the proximal end of the first metatarsal

The first and second interosseous muscles onto each side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the second toe; the third and fourth onto the lateral side of the bases of the proximal phalanges of the third and fourth toes. Each tendon adheres to the capsule of the adjacent joint

Deep branch of the lateral plantar. The interosseous muscles of the fourth interspace are usually supplied by a branch from the superficial ramus of the lateral plantar

Interosseous, plantar

The plantar interosseous muscle arises from the proximal third of the medial plantar surface of the shaft, from the base of the metatarsal on which it lies, and from the fascial expansions of the long plantar ligament

Onto a tubercle on the medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the digit to which it goes

Lateral plantar

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOOT  385

AXIAL Figure 15.1.1

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

Base of second metatarsal

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Base of first metatarsal

Medial cuneiform Middle cuneiform

Extensor digitorum brevis m

Tibialis anterior t Navicular

Talar head

Figure 15.1.2

Extensor hallucis longus t Dorsal interosseous m Base of first metatarsal Base of second metatarsal

Middle cuneiform

Medial cuneiform Tibialis anterior t

Lateral cuneiform Extensor digitorum brevis m

Navicular

Talar head

386  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOOT

Figure 15.1.3

Extensor hallucis longus t Dorsal interosseous mm

Second metatarsal Base of third metatarsal Lisfranc lig Extensor digitorum brevis m

First metatarsal

Medial cuneiform Tibialis anterior t Intercuneiform lig

Lateral cuneiform Middle cuneiform

Navicular

Talus

Figure 15.1.4 Extensor hallucis longus t

Dorsal interosseous mm Second metatarsal

First metatarsal

Base of third metatarsal

Lateral cuneiform Extensor digitorum brevis m Cuboid

Calcaneus

Lisfranc lig Medial cuneiform Abductor hallucis m Tibialis posterior t, cuneiform slip Tibialis posterior t

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOOT  387

Figure 15.1.5 Extensor hallucis longus t

Dorsal interosseous mm Second metatarsal

First metatarsal

Third metatarsal

Medial cuneiform Lateral cuneiform

Abductor hallucis m

Extensor digitorum brevis m Cuboid

Tibialis posterior t, cuneiform slips

Calcaneus

Figure 15.1.6 Second metatarsal

First metatarsal head

Dorsal interosseous mm Adductor hallucis m, oblique head

Third metatarsal

Flexor hallucis brevis m, medial head

Intermetatarsal lig Peroneus longus t Base of fourth metatarsal

Extensor digitorum brevis m Cuboid

Calcaneus

Medial cuneiform Base of first metatarsal Abductor hallucis m

Flexor hallucis longus t Flexor digitorum longus t

388  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOOT

Figure 15.1.7 Second metatarsal head Third metatarsal

Great toe, proximal phalanx

First metatarsal head

Dorsal interosseous m Adductor hallucis m, oblique head Flexor hallucis brevis m, medial head

Peroneus longus t Base of fourth metatarsal

Cuboid

Flexor hallucis brevis m, lateral head Abductor hallucis t

Abductor hallucis m Flexor hallucis longus t

Calcaneus

Figure 15.1.8

Fifth toe, proximal phalanx Third metatarsal head Fourth metatarsal head Plantar interosseous m Fourth metatarsal Dorsal interosseous m

Great toe, proximal phalanx Second metatarsal head First metatarsal head Adductor hallucis m, oblique head Flexor hallucis brevis m, medial head Abductor hallucis t

Peroneus longus t

Base of fifth metatarsal Quadratus plantae m Cuboid Peroneus brevis t

Calcaneus

Flexor hallucis brevis m, lateral head Flexor hallucis longus t

Flexor digitorum longus t Abductor hallucis m Medial plantar nn and vessels

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOOT  389

Figure 15.1.9

Third, fourth, and fifth toes, proximal phalanges Fourth metatarsal head

Great toe proximal phalanx Second metatarsal head Third metatarsal head First metatarsal head Adductor hallucis m, transverse head

Plantar interosseous mm

Fifth metatarsal

Flexor hallucis brevis m, medial head Flexor hallucis brevis m, lateral head Adductor hallucis m, oblique head

Quadratus plantae m

Cuboid Peroneus brevis t Peroneus longus t

Figure 15.1.10

Medial plantar nn and vessels

Second metatarsal head Third metatarsal head Fourth metatarsal head

Flexor digiti minimi m

Lateral sesamoid Medial sesamoid Flexor digitorum longus tt Flexor hallucis longus t

Fifth metatarsal Abductor digiti minimi m

Peroneus brevis t

Flexor digitorum brevis m Quadratus plantae m

390  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOOT

Figure 15.1.11

Fifth metatarsal head Flexor digiti minimi m Abductor digiti minimi t Abductor digiti minimi m

Base of fifth metatarsal

Abductor digiti minimi m

Figure 15.1.12

Abductor digiti minimi m

Flexor hallucis longus t

Flexor digitorum brevis m

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOOT  391

SAGITTAL Figure 15.2.1

Peroneus brevis t

Peroneus longus t

Peroneus brevis t

Abductor digiti minimi t Fifth metatarsal Abductor digiti minimi m Extensor digitorum t of fifth toe

Fifth toe proximal phalanx

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

= = = = = = = = = = = =

Figure 15.2.2

Extensor digitorum brevis m Cuboid

Peroneus longus t Peroneal sulcus Abductor digiti minimi m

Base of fourth metatarsal Base of fifth metatarsal

Adductor digiti minimi t

Dorsal interosseous m Flexor digiti minimi m

Fifth metatarsal head

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

392  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOOT

Figure 15.2.3 Calcaneus Anterior process of calcaneus

Extensor digitorum brevis m Cuboid

Abductor digiti minimi m Peroneal sulcus

Base of fourth metatarsal

Plantar interosseous m Flexor digiti minimi m

Figure 15.2.4 Calcaneus Extensor digitorum brevis m

Cuboid Lateral cuneiform

Abductor digiti minimi m

Peroneus longus t

Base of third metatarsal

Dorsal interosseous m

Fourth metatarsal

Fourth toe, proximal phalanx

Plantar interosseous and lumbrical mm

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOOT  393

Figure 15.2.5 Calcaneus

Extensor digitorum brevis m Extensor digitorum longus t Lateral cuneiform

Base of third metatarsal Base of fourth metatarsal

Abductor digiti minimi m

Cuboid

Quadratus plantae m Peroneus longus t

Plantar interosseous and lumbrical mm

Fourth metatarsal head

Flexor t of fourth digit, flexor digitorum tt, long and short

Figure 15.2.6 Talus Calcaneus

Cuboid Lateral cuneiform

Third metatarsal Dorsal interosseous m

Plantar interosseous m

Abductor digiti minimi m

Plantar calcaneocuboid lig Peroneus longus t Quadratus plantae m Flexor digitorum brevis m Adductor hallucis m, oblique head

Adductor hallucis m, transverse head

394  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOOT

Figure 15.2.7 Talar head

Calcaneus Plantar fascia

Navicular Cuboid Lateral cuneiform Middle cuneiform Base of second metatarsal Base of third metatarsal

Extensor digitorum longus t

Plantar fascia, medial cord Quadratus plantae m Flexor digitorum brevis m Adductor hallucis m, oblique head Dorsal interosseous m

Plantar interosseous m

Third metatarsal head

Third toe, proximal phalanx

Figure 15.2.8

Adductor hallucis m, transverse head Flexor digitorum t of third digit, long and short

Talar neck Calcaneus Talar head

Navicular

Lateral cuneiform Middle cuneiform

Base of second metatarsal

Extensor digitorum longus t

Quadratus plantae m Plantar fascia, medial cord

Flexor digitorum brevis m Flexor digitorum longus t Adductor hallucis m, oblique head

Plantar interosseous m Adductor hallucis m, transverse head Third metatarsal head

Flexor digitorum t of third digit, long and short

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOOT  395

Figure 15.2.9

Calcaneus, sustentaculum tali Talar head

Extensor digitorum longus t Navicular Middle cuneiform

Quadratus plantae m Flexor digitorum brevis m

Flexor digitorum longus t

Flexor digitorum brevis m

Second metatarsal Second toe, extensor t Plantar interosseous m

Figure 15.2.10

Middle subtalar joint Talar head Extensor digitorum t

Adductor hallucis m, oblique head Flexor digitorum longus t Adductor hallucis m, transverse head

Calcaneus, sustentaculum tali Flexor hallucis longus t

Navicular Middle cuneiform

Medial cuneiform

Flexor digitorum longus t Abductor hallucis m

Base of first metatarsal Flexor hallucis brevis m Dorsal interosseous m Plantar interosseous m

Second metatarsal head Second toe, proximal phalanx

Adductor hallucis m, oblique head

Flexor digitorum t of second digit, long and short

396  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOOT

Figure 15.2.11 Talus

Calcaneus, sustentaculum tali Medial plantar n and vessels Tibialis posterior t, cuneiform slip

Navicular Abductor hallucis m

Medial cuneiform

Base of first metatarsal Flexor hallucis longus t Adductor hallucis m, oblique head Dorsal interosseous m

Flexor hallucis brevis m Plantar interosseous m

Second metatarsal head Second toe, proximal phalanx

Figure 15.2.12 Tibialis anterior t Tibialis posterior t

Navicular Abductor hallucis t Medial cuneiform

Abductor hallucis m

Base of first metatarsal Extensor hallucis longus t

Flexor hallucis brevis m Flexor hallucis longus t

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOOT  397

Figure 15.2.13 Tibialis posterior t Tibialis anterior t Navicular

Medial cuneiform

Abductor hallucis m Abductor hallucis t

First metatarsal Extensor hallucis longus t

Flexor hallucis brevis m Flexor hallucis longus t

Lateral sesamoid

Figure 15.2.14 Anastomotic vv Navicular tuberosity

Abductor hallucis t

Flexor hallucis brevis m

First metatarsal head Extensor hallucis longus t Flexor hallucis longus t Great toe, base of proximal phalanx

398  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOOT

Figure 15.2.15

Anastomatic vv

Abductor hallucis t Flexor hallucis brevis m

First metatarsal head

Great toe, base of proximal phalanx

Medial sesamoid

Flexor hallucis longus t

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOOT  399

CORONAL Figure 15.3.1

Extensor tt

Fourth proximal phalanx Fifth proximal phalanx

Flexor digitorum longus and brevis tt

Extensor hallucis longus t First proximal phalanx Second proximal phalanx Third proximal phalanx Flexor hallucis longus t

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

= = = = = = = = = = = =

Figure 15.3.2 Extensor hallucis longus t

Interosseous t Extensor tt, short and long Fourth proximal phalanx Fifth proximal phalanx

Flexor digitorum longus and brevis tt

First metatarsophalangeal joint Second metatarsophalangeal joint Third metatarsophalangeal joint Flexor hallucis longus t

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

400  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOOT

Figure 15.3.3 Extensor hallucis longus t Extensor tt, second, third, and fourth digits

First metatarsophalangeal joint Second metatarsal head

Fourth metatarsophalangeal joint

Medial sesamoid Third metatarsal head

Little toe, proximal phalanx

Flexor hallucis longus t Lateral sesamoid

Flexor tt, second–fifth digits

Figure 15.3.4

Second metatarsal head

Extensor tt, short and long

Third metatarsal head Fourth metatarsal head Fifth metatarsal head Flexor tt, short and long

Extensor hallucis longus t First metatarsal head Abductor hallucis t Medial sesamoid Crista Flexor hallucis longus t

Lateral sesamoid

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOOT  401

Figure 15.3.5 Extensor hallucis longus t First metatarsal

Dorsal interosseous m

Extensor tt

Second metatarsal Abductor hallucis t Medial sesamoid Crista

Third metatarsal

Flexor hallucis longus t

Fourth metatarsal Fifth metatarsal

Lateral sesamoid Adductor hallucis m, transverse head

Flexor tt Plantar interosseous m

Figure 15.3.6

Second metatarsal

Extensor hallucis longus t

Dorsal interosseous m Extensor tt, short and long

Third metatarsal Fourth metatarsal Fifth metatarsal head Adductor hallucis m, transverse head Abductor digiti minimi t Flexor tt, short and long

First metatarsal Plantar interosseous m Abductor hallucis t Adductor hallucis m, oblique head Flexor hallucis longus t

402  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOOT

Figure 15.3.7

Plantar and dorsal interosseous mm

Second metatarsal

Extensor hallucis longus t

Extensor tt, long and short

First metatarsal Flexor hallucis brevis m, medial head

Third metatarsal Fourth metatarsal

Abductor hallucis t Flexor hallucis brevis, lateral head m

Fifth metatarsal

Flexor hallucis longus t Adductor hallucis m, transverse head

Figure 15.3.8

Second metatarsal

Dorsal interosseous mm

Third metatarsal

Fourth metatarsal Fifth metatarsal Abductor digiti minimi t and m Flexor and opponens digiti minimi mm Flexor digitorum brevis and flexor digitorum longus tt

Plantar interosseous mm

Extensor hallucis longus t

First metatarsal Flexor hallucis brevis m, medial head Abductor hallucis t Adductor hallucis m, oblique head Flexor hallucis longus t Flexor hallucis brevis m, lateral head

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOOT  403

Figure 15.3.9

Second metatarsal

Plantar interosseous Adductor hallucis m, mm oblique head

Dorsal interosseous mm

Extensor hallucis longus t

Extensor tt, long and short

First metatarsal Adductor hallucis m, transverse head Flexor hallucis brevis m, medial head

Third metatarsal

Abductor hallucis t

Fourth metatarsal

Flexor hallucis longus t Flexor hallucis brevis m, lateral head

Fifth metatarsal Abductor digiti minimi m and t Flexor digitorum brevis and flexor digitorum longus tt

Figure 15.3.10

Plantar interosseous m

Extensor hallucis longus t

Second metatarsal First metatarsal

Extensor tt, short and long

Adductor hallucis m, oblique head

Third metatarsal

Abductor hallucis t

Dorsal interosseous mm

Flexor hallucis brevis m, medial head

Fourth metatarsal

Flexor hallucis longus t

Fifth metatarsal

Flexor hallucis brevis m, lateral head

Abductor digiti minimi t and m

Plantar aponeurosis, medial cord

Flexor digiti minimi m Flexor digitorum longus tt

Flexor digitorum brevis m and tt

404  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOOT

Figure 15.3.11

Adductor hallucis m, Extensor hallucis oblique head longus t

Second metatarsal First metatarsal Dorsal interosseous m

Flexor hallucis brevis m

Extensor tt

Third metatarsal Fourth metatarsal Dorsal interosseous m

Fifth metatarsal Plantar interosseous m Abductor digiti minimi m and t

Abductor hallucis m Abductor hallucis t Flexor digitorum longus tt Flexor hallucis longus t Medial plantar a and n Flexor digitorum brevis m and t

Flexor digiti minimi m Lateral plantar a and n

Figure 15.3.12 Adductor hallucis m, oblique head Second metatarsal Extensor tt

Third metatarsal Fourth metatarsal Dorsal interosseous m Plantar interosseous m Fifth metatarsal Abductor digiti minimi m and t Flexor digiti minimi m Lateral plantar a and n

Extensor hallucis longus t First metatarsal Flexor hallucis brevis m Abductor hallucis m Abductor hallucis t Flexor digitorum longus tt Flexor hallucis longus t Medial plantar a and n Plantar aponeurosis, medial cord Flexor digitorum brevis m and t Intermetatarsal ligs

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOOT  405

Figure 15.3.13 Lisfranc lig

Extensor hallucis longus t

Second metatarsal

Medial cuneiform Flexor hallucis brevis m

Extensor tt

Abductor hallucis m

Third metatarsal

Abductor hallucis t Fourth metatarsal

Flexor digitorum longus t Flexor hallucis longus t Adductor hallucis m, oblique head Plantar aponeurosis, medial cord Flexor digitorum brevis m and t Quadratus plantae m

Flexor digiti minimi brevis m Fifth metatarsal Opponens digiti minimi m Abductor digiti minimi m and t Lateral plantar a and n

Figure 15.3.14

Extensor hallucis longus t

Medial cuneiform Middle cuneiform Intercuneiform lig Extensor digitorum brevis m Lateral cuneiform

Tibialis anterior t

Abductor hallucis m Abductor hallucis t

Fourth metatarsal Peroneus longus t Fifth metatarsal Flexor digiti minimi brevis m

Flexor digitorum longus tt Flexor hallucis longus t Plantar aponeurosis, medial cord

Abductor digiti minimi m and t

Flexor digitorum brevis m and t

Lateral plantar a and n

Quadratus plantae m

406  LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOOT

Figure 15.3.15 Extensor hallucis longus t Extensor digitorum longus tt Middle cuneiform Extensor digitorum brevis m Lateral cuneiform Cuboid

Tibialis anterior t Medial cuneiform Abductor hallucis m Abductor hallucis t Flexor hallucis longus t

Peroneus longus t Base of fifth metatarsal Abductor digiti minimi m and t

Flexor digitorum brevis m and t Plantar aponeurosis Flexor digitorum longus t Quadratus plantae m

Figure 15.3.16 Middle cuneiform Extensor digitorum longus tt Extensor digitorum brevis m Lateral cuneiform Tibialis posterior t, additional slips

Extensor hallucis longus t Tibialis anterior t Medial cuneiform Abductor hallucis m

Cuboid

Abductor hallucis t Flexor hallucis longus t

Peroneus longus t

Medial plantar a and n

Flexor digitorum longus t

Quadratus plantae m Base of fifth metatarsal Abductor digiti minimi m and t

Flexor digitorum brevis m and t Plantar aponeurosis

LOWER EXTREMITY:  MRI OF THE FOOT  407

Figure 15.3.17 Navicular

Extensor hallucis longus t

Extensor digitorum longus tt

Tibialis anterior t

Extensor digitorum longus m

Tibialis posterior t

Lateral cuneiform Tibialis posterior t, additional slips

Abductor hallucis m

Flexor hallucis longus t

Abductor hallucis t

Peroneus longus t

Medial plantar a and n Flexor digitorum longus t

Peroneus brevis t

Plantar aponeurosis, medial cord

Cuboid

Plantar aponeurosis, lateral cord Abductor digiti minimi m

Flexor digitorum brevis m and t Quadratus plantae m

Figure 15.3.18 Extensor hallucis longus t Extensor digitorum longus t Navicular Extensor digitorum brevis m

Flexor hallucis longus t Cuboid Peroneus brevis t Peroneus longus t Plantar aponeurosis, lateral cord Abductor digiti minimi m

Tibialis anterior t Greater saphenous v

Tibialis posterior t Abductor hallucis m Abductor hallucis t Medial plantar a and n Flexor digitorum longus t Flexor digitorum brevis m Plantar aponeurosis, medial cord Quadratus plantae m

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III Section

Spine and Back

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16 Chapter

MRI of the Thoracic Spine

412  SPINE AND BACK:  MRI OF THE THORACIC SPINE

Table 16-1.  Muscles of the Back MUSCLE

ORIGIN

INSERTION

NERVE SUPPLY

Trapezius

Medial third of the superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of the seventh cervical and thoracic vertebrae, and corresponding supraspinous ligaments

Lateral third of the posterior surface of the clavicle, medial side of the acromion, and upper border of the spine of the scapula

Accessory and cervical plexus

Rhomboideus major

Spinous processes and corresponding supraspinous ligaments of the first four thoracic vertebrae

Medial border of the scapula below the scapular spine

Dorsal scapular

Rhomboideus minor

Spinous processes of the sixth and seventh cervical vertebrae

Medial margin of the scapula above the scapular spine

Dorsal scapular

Levator scapulae

Posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the four upper cervical vertebrae

Superior angle of the scapula

Dorsal scapular

Serratus posterior superior

From spinous processes of the two lower cervical and two upper thoracic vertebrae

Onto the lateral side of the angles of the second to fifth ribs

First to fourth intercostal

Serratus posterior inferior

With latissimus dorsi, from the spinous processes of the two lower thoracic and two upper lumbar vertebrae

Onto the lower borders of the last four ribs

Ninth to twelfth intercostal

Serratus anterior

From the center of the lateral aspect of the first eight or nine ribs

Superior and inferior angles and intervening medial margin of the scapula

Long thoracic from brachial plexus

Deltoid

Lateral third of the clavicle, lateral border of the acromion process, lower border of the scapular spine

Lateral margin of the proximal half of the humeral shaft

Axillary from fifth and sixth cervical nerves through brachial plexus

Latissimus dorsi

Spinous processes of the lower five or six thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, median ridge of the sacrum, and outer lip of the iliac crest

With teres major, onto the medial border of the bicipital groove of the humerus

Thoracodorsal

Infraspinatus

Infraspinous fossa of the scapula

Middle facet of the greater tuberosity of the humerus

Suprascapular from fifth to sixth cervical

Supraspinatus

Supraspinous fossa of the scapula

Greater tuberosity of the humerus

Suprascapular from fifth to sixth cervical

Teres major

Inferior angle and lower third of the border of the scapula

Medial border of the bicipital groove of the humerus

Lower subscapular from fifth and sixth cervical

Teres minor

Upper two thirds of the lateral border of the scapula

Lower facet of the greater tuberosity of the humerus

Axillary from fifth and sixth cervical

Spinalis capitis

Rarely a separate muscle; it arises with the semispinalis capitis from the upper thoracic spinous process

Inserts with the semispinalis capitis on the occiput

Branches of the dorsal primary divisions of the spinal nerves

Spinalis cervicis

Spinous processes of the sixth and seventh cervical vertebrae

Spinous processes of the axis and the third cervical vertebra

Dorsal branches of cervical

Spinalis thoracis

Spinous processes of the upper lumbar and two lower thoracic vertebrae

Spinous processes of the middle and upper thoracic vertebrae

Dorsal branches of thoracic and upper lumbar

SPINE AND BACK:  MRI OF THE THORACIC SPINE  413

Table 16-1.  Muscles of the Back—cont’d MUSCLE

ORIGIN

INSERTION

NERVE SUPPLY

Iliocostalis cervicis

Angles of the upper six ribs

Transverse processes of the middle cervical vertebrae

Dorsal branches of upper thoracic

Iliocostalis thoracis

Medial side of the angles of the lower six ribs

Angles of the upper six ribs

Dorsal branches of thoracic

Iliocostalis lumborum

With erector spinae, from the sacrum, ilium, and spines of the lumbar vertebrae

Angles of the lower six ribs

Dorsal branches of thoracic and lumbar nerves

Longissimus capitis

From the transverse processes of the upper thoracic and transverse and articular processes of the lower and middle cervical vertebrae

Onto the mastoid process

Dorsal branches of cervical

Longissimus cervicis

Transverse processes of the upper thoracic vertebrae

Transverse processes of the middle and upper cervical vertebrae

Dorsal branches of lower cervical and upper thoracic

Longissimus thoracis

With the iliocostalis and from the transverse processes of the lower thoracic vertebrae

By lateral slips onto most or all of the ribs between the angles and the tubercles and onto the tips of the transverse processes of the upper lumbar vertebrae, and by medial slips into the accessory processes of the upper lumbar and transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae

Dorsal branches of thoracic and lumbar

Splenius capitis

From the ligamentum nuchae of the last four cervical vertebrae and the supraspinous ligament of first and second thoracic vertebrae

Lateral half of the superior nuchal line and mastoid process

Dorsal branches of second to sixth cervical

Splenius cervicis

From the supraspinous ligament and the spinous processes of the third to fifth thoracic vertebrae

Posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the first and second (sometimes third) cervical vertebrae

Dorsal branches of fourth to eighth cervical

Semispinalis capitis

Transverse processes of the five or six upper thoracic and articular processes of the four lower cervical vertebrae

Occipital bone between the superior and inferior nuchal lines

Dorsal branches of cervical

Semispinalis cervicis

Transverse processes of the second to fifth thoracic vertebrae

Spinous processes of the axis and the third to fifth cervical vertebrae

Dorsal branches of cervical and thoracic

Semispinalis thoracis

Transverse processes of the fifth to eleventh thoracic vertebrae

Spinous processes of the first four thoracic and fifth and seventh cervical vertebrae

Dorsal branches of cervical and thoracic

Multifidus

From the sacrum, the sacroiliac ligament, mammillary processes of the lumbar vertebrae, transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae, and articular processes of the last four cervical vertebrae

Onto the spinous processes of all the vertebrae, up to and including the axis

Dorsal branches of spinal

Rotatores

Primarily developed in the thoracic region from the transverse processes of the vertebrae

Into the root of the spinous processes of the next two or three vertebrae above

Dorsal branches of spinal

Interspinales cervicis

Tubercle of the spinous process of the cervical vertebrae

Tubercle of the spinous process of the next superior vertebra

Dorsal branches of cervical Continued

414  SPINE AND BACK:  MRI OF THE THORACIC SPINE

Table 16-1.  Muscles of the Back—cont’d MUSCLE

ORIGIN

INSERTION

NERVE SUPPLY

Interspinales thoracis

Often poorly developed or absent between the spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae

Spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae

Dorsal branches of thoracic

Interspinales lumborum

Superior margin of the lumbar spinous processes

Inferior margin of the next superior spinous process

Dorsal branches of lumbar

Intertransversarii anteriores cervicis

Anterior tubercle of the cervical transverse process

Anterior tubercle of the next superior transverse process

Ventral branch of cervical

Intertransversarii laterales lumbar

Transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae

Next superior transverse process

Ventral branches of lumbar

Intertransversarii thoracis

Transverse processes of the thoracic vertebrae

Next superior transverse process

Dorsal branches of thoracic

SPINE AND BACK:  MRI OF THE THORACIC SPINE  415

AXIAL Figure 16.1.1 Azygos v

Aorta

Costotransverse foramen

Accessory hemiazygos v Costovertebal joint

T6 vertebra Sixth transverse process

Head of sixth rib Neck of sixth rib Sixth rib Angle of sixth rib

Rhomboid major m

Costotransverse joint

Trapezius m

Transversospinalis mm:

Erector spinae mm:

Rotatores

Spinalis

Multifidus

Longissimus thoracis Iliocostalis thoracis

Figure 16.1.2

Azygos v

T6 vertebra

Semispinalis T5 spinous process

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

= = = = = = = = = = = =

Aorta

T7 superior facet

Accessory hemiazygos v Thoracic vertebral vessels

Intercostal vessels

Ventral root T6 lamina Rhomboid major m

T7 inferior facet

Trapezius m Iliocostalis thoracis m

Longissimus thoracis m

Multifidus m Spinalis thoracis m Supraspinous lig

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

416  SPINE AND BACK:  MRI OF THE THORACIC SPINE

Figure 16.1.3

Azygos v Esophagus

T9 Vertebra

Thoracic duct

Basivertebral plexus

Aorta

Hemiazygos v Transverse proc

Pedicle T9 Costotransverse joint Spinal cord Ninth rib Serratus posterior m

Thoracolumbar fascia, posterior part

Trapezius m Thoracic erector spinae mm: iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

Figure 16.1.4

Transversospinalis mm

T10 Vertebra Azygos v

Thoracic duct

Aorta

Hemiazygos v Costovertebral joint

T10 Pedicle

Tenth rib, head Tenth rib, neck

Costotransverse foramen

Tenth rib, tubercle

Tenth rib, angle

Serratus posterior m Thoracolumbar fascia, posterior part

Trapezius m Thoracic erector spinae mm

Supraspinous lig

Transversospinalis mm

Interspinalis m

SPINE AND BACK:  MRI OF THE THORACIC SPINE  417

SAGITTAL Figure 16.2.1 Middle scalene m Trapezius m

Brachial plexus roots

Rhomboid minor m Anterior scalene m Rhomboid major m

Left lung

Rib, posterior

Trapezius m

Rib, posterior

Intercostal v Intercostal a Spleen

Intercostal n

Erector spinae (iliocostalis) m Left kidney

Figure 16.2.2

Erector spinae m Rhomboid mm

Left lung

Trapezius m Rib, angle

Aorta

Intercostal v Intercostal a Intercostal n Erector spinae m

Costotransverse joint Erector spinae m Trapezius m

Left kidney

Erector spinae m

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

418  SPINE AND BACK:  MRI OF THE THORACIC SPINE

Figure 16.2.3

Erector spinae m Left lung

Trapezius m Aorta Intercostal neurovascular bundle formation

Accessory hemiazygos v

Thoracic segmental vertebral vessels

Rib, neck Erector spinae m

Costovertebral joint Intercostalis and intertransversarius mm

Hemiazygos v Rib, head

Rib, tubercle

Costotransverse joint

Erector spinae m

Figure 16.2.4

Esophagus

Erector spinae spinalis m Trapezius m

Pedicle Zygapophyseal (facet) joint Inferior articulating process (facet)

Epidural fat in lateral neuroforamen

Superior articulating process (facet) Transversospinalis mm Vertebral facets for costovertebral joints Trapezius m Thoracic segmental vertebral vessels

Dorsal n root ganglion

Thoracolumbar fascia, posterior part

Spinal nerve

Erector spinae longissimus m Thoracolumbar fascia, posterior part

SPINE AND BACK:  MRI OF THE THORACIC SPINE  419

Figure 16.2.5 Spinalis thoracis m

Trapezius m Esophagus

Lateral recess

Epidural vessels Thoracic vertebra

Epidural fat in neuroforamen

Zygapophyseal (facet) joint Thoracic pedicle Dorsal n root ganglion Thoracic spinal n

Thoracic pars interarticularis

Inferior articulating process (facet) Superior articulating process (facet)

Erector spinae

Figure 16.2.6 Interspinous lig Spinous process Supraspinous lig

Subarachnoid space

Anterior longitudinal lig Spinal cord Posterior longitudinal lig

Thoracic intervertebral disc

Posterior epidural space

Ligamentum flavum Lower thoracic vertebra

Basivertebral venous plexus

Thoracic interspinalis m Conus medullaris

Supraspinatus lig

Cauda equina

420  SPINE AND BACK:  MRI OF THE THORACIC SPINE

CORONAL Figure 16.3.1

Trapezius m Supraspinatus m

Spinal cord

Supscapularis m

Intercostal m

Hemiazygos v Latissimus dorsi m artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve Spleen nerves ligament Diaphramatic ligaments nerve & crus vessels Left kidney bone Serratus anterior m

Basivertbral venous plexus Thoracic spinal n Segmental thoracic a and v Liver

Right kidney

Figure 16.3.2

Thecal sac

= = = = = = = = = = = =

Epidural fat

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SPINE AND BACK:  MRI OF THE THORACIC SPINE  421

Figure 16.3.3

Cervical erector spinae and transversospinalis mm

Levator scapulae m

Trapezius m Supraspinatus m

Spinous process Infraspinatus m Costotransverse joint Teres minor m

Subscapularis m Transverse process

Teres major m Inferior scapula

Thoracic lamina

Latissimus dorsi m Serratus anterior m Tubercle of rib

Thoracic transversospinalis m

Costotransverse joint

Thoracic erector spinae mm

Figure 16.3.4

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422  SPINE AND BACK:  MRI OF THE THORACIC SPINE

Figure 16.3.5

Spinous process

Trapezius m

Supraspinatus m Scapular spine

Serratus posterior superior m

Deltoid m

Infraspinatus m Subscapularis m Teres minor m Teres major m

Lattisimus dorsi m

Rib

Serratus anterior m Erector spinae mm Thoracic erector spinae mm: iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis Interspinous lig

Figure 16.3.6

Descending branches of superficial cervical a and v and branches of subtrapezial plexus from accessory n

Spinous process

Trapezius m Scapular spine Infraspinatus m

Rhomboid minor m Rhomboid major m Subscapularis m

Teres minor m

Teres major m Spinalis thoracis m

Spinous process

Longissmus thoracis m

Trapezius m Serratus posterior inferior mm Interspinous lig

SPINE AND BACK:  MRI OF THE THORACIC SPINE  423

Figure 16.3.7

Trapezius m

Scapular spine Rhomboid major m

Serratus posterior superior mm Subscapularis m

Infraspinatus and teres minor mm Trapezius m Teres major m

Spinous process Supraspinous lig Trapezius m

17 Chapter

MRI of the Lumbar Spine

SPINE AND BACK:  MRI OF THE LUMBAR SPINE  425

AXIAL Figure 17.1.1

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Figure 17.1.2

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Inferior vena cava Aorta

L3-4 disc

Psoas m

Epidural v Quadratus lumborum m

Facet joint

L3 n root Ligamentum flavum and joint capsule

Thecal sac Lamina

Spinous process

Thoracolumbar fascia, posterior part

Multifidus m

Longissimus m

Iliocostalis lumborum m

426  SPINE AND BACK:  MRI OF THE LUMBAR SPINE

Figure 17.1.3

Right common Right common iliac v iliac a

Left common iliac v

Left common iliac a

L4-5 disc

Psoas m

Epidural v L5 lateral recess and L5 n root and sheath

Quadratus lumborum t and iliolumbar lig

L5 superior facet

Ilium

Iliocostalis lumborum m Thoracolumbar fascia, posterior part

Longissimus m

Multifidus m

L4 spinous process

Figure 17.1.4

L4 inferior facet

Right common Right common iliac v iliac a

Left common iliac v

Left common iliac a

L5 vertebra Psoas m Left L5 pedicle Iliacus m

Left L5 transverse process

Iliac crest Lumbosacral trunk nn Iliocostalis lumborum m

Gluteus medius m

Thecal sac Longissimus m Multifidus m

Thoracolumbar fascia, posterior part

SPINE AND BACK:  MRI OF THE LUMBAR SPINE  427

Figure 17.1.5

Right external iliac a

Right internal Sympathetic iliac a trunk

L5 vertebra

Basivertebral v L5 pedicle

Right common iliac v

Iliolumbar vessels

Psoas m

L4 n L5 n in L5 lateral recess

Quadratus lumborum m

S1 paired dorsal and ventral n roots L5 superior articular facet

Ilium Thecal sac Iliocostalis lumborum m

L4-5 facet joint L4 inferior articular facet

Figure 17.1.6

Right external iliac v

L4 spinous process

Right internal iliac a

Thoracolumbar Multifidus m fascia, posterior part

Longissimus lumborum m

L5-S1 disc

Right internal iliac v

Psoas m

Anterior sacroiliac lig

L5 spinal ganglion

L5-S1 articular facet

Gluteus medius m

Ilium

Thoracolumbar fascia

Iliocostalis lumborum m

Longissimus lumborum m

Multifidus m

L5 spinous process

L5 lamina

428  SPINE AND BACK:  MRI OF THE LUMBAR SPINE

Figure 17.1.7

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Figure 17.1.8

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Internal iliac a

Psoas m

Internal iliac v

Lumbosacral trunk

S1 vertebra

Iliacus m Sacroiliac joint S1 n root Sacrum

S2 n root Thecal sac

Ilium

Gluteus maximus m

Posterior sacroiliac lig

Dorsal lumbosacral fascia

Multifidus and iliocostalis lumborum mm

SPINE AND BACK:  MRI OF THE LUMBAR SPINE  429

SAGITTAL Figure 17.2.1 Eleventh rib

Kidney Twelfth rib

Iliocostalis lumborum and longissimus mm

Psoas m

Quadratus lumborum m

Iliacus m Gluteus maximus m Ilium Gluteus medius m

Figure 17.2.2

Eleventh rib

Twelfth rib

Multifidus m Psoas m Longissimus thoracis m Iliolumbar lig, transverse part

Thoracolumbar fascia, posterior part Iliacus m

Gluteus maximus m Iliopsoas m

Ilium

Sacrum

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

430  SPINE AND BACK:  MRI OF THE LUMBAR SPINE

Figure 17.2.3

Eleventh rib

Twelfth rib

Longissimus thoracis m

Psoas m

L3 transverse process L5 transverse process

Multifidus m Interosseous sacroiliac ligs

Thoracolumbar fascia

Lumbosacral trunk Superior gluteal a

Gluteus maximus m Piriformis m Sacrum

Ilium

Figure 17.2.4

Eleventh rib Kidney Twelfth rib Inferior vena cava

Longissimus thoracis m

Psoas m

L3 transverse process Multifidus m

Thoracolumbar fascia, posterior part

Iliolumbar a Lumbosacral trunk Internal iliac a

Gluteus maximus m

Superior gluteal a

Piriformis m

Inferior gluteal a Sacrum

SPINE AND BACK:  MRI OF THE LUMBAR SPINE  431

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Basivertebral venous plexus

Conus medullaris Spinolaminal junction Ligamentum flavum

Interspinous lig

Supraspinous lig

L3 spinous process L4-5 nucleus pulposus

Posterior longitudinal lig Thecal sac

L4-5 annulus fibrosus Anterior longitudinal lig

S1 vertebral body

432  SPINE AND BACK:  MRI OF THE LUMBAR SPINE

CORONAL Figure 17.3.1

Aorta

Part of inferior vena cava

Left common iliac a

Right common iliac a

Right common iliac v

Psoas m

Iliacus m

Iliopsoas m

Figure 17.3.2

Ilium

Azygos v

Right renal a

Left renal a Left renal v

Inferior vena cava Origin of lumbar v

Right common iliac v Psoas m

Iliacus m

Aorta

Origin of lumbar a

Lumbar a and v Left common iliac a

Left external iliac a

Ilium

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

SPINE AND BACK:  MRI OF THE LUMBAR SPINE  433

Figure 17.3.3

Aorta

Inferior vena cava

Crus of left diaphragm

Lumbar vertebral a and v

Psoas m L4-5 annulus fibrosus Nucleus pulposus

L5 vertebra

Iliacus m Iliac vessels

Ilium

Figure 17.3.4

Aorta Crus of right diaphragm

Crus of left diaphragm

Lumbar vertebral a and v Psoas m

L5 vertebra

Iliacus m Obturator n

Ilium

Iliolumbar a

L5-S1 disc S1 vertebra

Superior gluteal a and v

Gluteus minimus m

Inferior gluteal a and v

Gluteal a, trunk

434  SPINE AND BACK:  MRI OF THE LUMBAR SPINE

Figure 17.3.5

Crus of right diaphragm

Crus of left diaphragm

Schmorl node

Right kidney, inferior pole Psoas m Quadratus lumborum m

Lumbar vertebral vessels

Iliacus m Anterior epidural vessels

Gluteus medius m

L4 n Iliolumbar vessels, iliac branches

L5 vertebra Gluteus minimus m

Superior gluteal vessels

Inferior gluteal vessels

Figure 17.3.6 Crura of diaphragm Left kidney

L1 vertebra

Basivertebral v Psoas m Quadratus lumborum m

L3 pedicle L3 n

L4 dorsal ramus of spinal n Iliacus m

L4 n

Ilium Gluteus medius m

L5 n

Lumbosacral trunk S1 vertebra

Sacroiliac joint

Superior gluteal Inferior gluteal vessels vessels

SPINE AND BACK:  MRI OF THE LUMBAR SPINE  435

Figure 17.3.7 Crus of diaphragm

T12 vertebra T12-L1 annulus fibrosus

T12-L1 nucleus pulposus

L2 pedicle

Psoas m

L2 n, spinal ganglion

Intertransversarius m

Quadratus lumborum m

Cauda equina Iliac crest

Iliolumbar lig

L5 transverse process

L5 n Lumbosacral trunk

Gluteus medius m

Ilium

Sacroiliac joint, nonarticular

Sacrum

Sacroiliac joint, articular Superior gluteal Inferior gluteal vessels vessels

Figure 17.3.8 Thecal sac Psoas m Left kidney Quadratus lumborum m Posterior epidural fat

Abdominal wall m

Longissimus lumborum m L5 laminar arch

Gluteus maximus m

Posterior sacroiliac lig

Sacroiliac joint, articular

Gluteus medius m

Superior gluteal vessels, branches

Formation of sciatic n

Inferior gluteal vessels

S1 n

436  SPINE AND BACK:  MRI OF THE LUMBAR SPINE

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Figure 17.3.10 Right kidney

Twelfth rib

Longissimus lumborum m

Dorsal ramus n and vessels

Iliocostalis lumborum m Abdominal wall m

Multifidus m

Gluteus maximus m

Gluteus medius m

Sacroiliac joint, nonarticular Sacroiliac joint, articular Superior gluteal vessel, branch

Sacral promontory

Piriformis m

SPINE AND BACK:  MRI OF THE LUMBAR SPINE  437

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IV Section

Thorax

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18 Chapter

CT of the Thorax

442  THORAX:  CT OF THE THORAX

AXIAL Figure 18.1.1

Recurrent laryngeal n

Carotid a

Thyroid, right lobe Trachea Esophagus

Jugular v Vagus n

Humeral head Glenoid

Vertebral a Vertebral v

Figure 18.1.2

Trachea

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

Left subclavian a, Left distal subclavian v

Right common carotid a Right subclavian a

Left clavicle

Esophagus

Scapula

Left common Left subclavian a, carotid a proximal

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

THORAX:  CT OF THE THORAX  443

Figure 18.1.3

Right brachiocephalic a

Manubrium

Right brachiocephalic v

Left brachiocephalic v Left common carotid a Left subclavian a

Trachea

Figure 18.1.4

Esophagus

Left brachiocephalic v

Manubrium

Right internal thoracic (mammary) a Right brachiocephalic v

Right brachiocephalic a

Trachea

Aortic arch

Esophagus

444  THORAX:  CT OF THE THORAX

Figure 18.1.5

Left internal thoracic (mammary) v

Left internal thoracic (mammary) a

Ascending aortic arch

Superior vena cava

Tracheal carina Descending aortic arch

Right scapula

Arch of azygos v

Figure 18.1.6

Right internal thoracic a and v

Esophagus

Ascending aorta

Sternum

Right upper lobe a, anterior segment

Right pulmonary a

Main pulmonary a Superior left pulmonary v

Right mainstem bronchus

Left pulmonary a Descending aorta

Superior vena cava

Left mainstem bronchus

Azygos v

Esophagus

THORAX:  CT OF THE THORAX  445

Figure 18.1.7

Ascending aorta

Pericardium

Right atrial appendage

Main pulmonary a Left main coronary a

Superior vena cava Interlobar a

Left atrial appendage

Esophagus

Superior left pulmonary v Left lower lobe a

Azygos v

Descending aorta

Figure 18.1.8

Pericardium

Right coronary a

Pulmonary trunk

Right atrium

Ascending aorta Left atrium

Esophagus Aorta

Inferior left pulmonary v

446  THORAX:  CT OF THE THORAX

Figure 18.1.9

Aortic valve leaflets

Sternum

Pulmonary outflow tract, right ventricle

Pericardium

Interventricular septum

Right atrium

Left ventricle Plane of mitral valve

Left atrium

Descending aorta

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THORAX:  CT OF THE THORAX  447

Figure 18.1.11

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Figure 18.1.12

Xiphoid

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Pericardium

Right ventricle Circumflex a Left ventricle

Liver Inferior vena cava

Esophagus Azygos v

Descending aorta Hemiazygos v

Intercostal v

448  THORAX:  CT OF THE THORAX

Figure 18.1.13

Diaphragm

Pericardium

Right ventricle Posterior descending coronary a

Liver

Esophagus Azygos v

Aorta

Hemiazygos v

THORAX:  CT OF THE THORAX  449

SAGITTAL Figure 18.2.1A

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Figure 18.2.1B

Left upper lobe a Left upper lobe v Left pulmonary a Left lower lobe a

Pulmonary outflow tract, right ventricle

Inferior left pulmonary v Left ventricle

Right ventricle

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450  THORAX:  CT OF THE THORAX

Figure 18.2.2

Left clavicular head Aortic arch Left mainstem bronchus

Main pulmonary a Left atrial appendage

Superior left pulmonary v

Pulmonary outflow tract

Inferior left pulmonary v

Right ventricle

Descending thoracic aorta

Interventricular septum

Figure 18.2.3

Left common carotid a

Left ventricle

Left subclavian a

Left brachiocephalic v Aortic arch Main pulmonary a Pulmonary outflow tract

Left atrium Aortic root

Right ventricle

Esophagus Descending aorta

Liver

Superior mesenteric a

Celiac a

THORAX:  CT OF THE THORAX  451

Figure 18.2.4

Left brachiocephalic v Trachea

Manubrium

Esophagus Spinal cord Ascending aorta Right pulmonary a

Sternum

Aortic root Left atrium Xiphoid

Left ventricle

Right ventricle

Abdominal aorta

Figure 18.2.5

Right common carotid a

Right subclavian a Superior vena cava

Arch of azygos v

Aortic arch

Right pulmonary a Left atrium

Right atrium Suprahepatic inferior vena cava Liver Duodenum Infrahepatic inferior vena cava

452  THORAX:  CT OF THE THORAX

Figure 18.2.6 Right subclavian v Right clavicular head Right brachiocephalic v

Right brachiocephalic a

Top of manubrium Pulmonary a, right upper lobe Pulmonary v, right upper lobe Right atrium

Interlobar pulmonary a Pulmonary v, right lower lobe

Diaphragm Liver Portal v Hepatic flexure of colon

Infrahepatic inferior vena cava

THORAX:  CT OF THE THORAX  453

CORONAL Figure 18.3.1

Right atrial appendage

Pulmonary outflow tract, right ventricle

Pulmonary a

Right ventricle

Left ventricle

Liver Stomach

Gallbladder neck

Hepatic flexure of colon

Figure 18.3.2

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454  THORAX:  CT OF THE THORAX

Figure 18.3.3A

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Figure 18.3.3B

Right brachiocephalic v

Left subclavian a Aortic arch

Right upper lobe a Superior right pulmonary v

Left upper lobe a Superior left pulmonary v

Interlobar a Inferior right pulmonary v Right ventricle

Left lower lobe v Left ventricle

Abdominal aorta

THORAX:  CT OF THE THORAX  455

Figure 18.3.4

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Figure 18.3.5

Esophagus

Left subclavian a

Trachea Aortic arch Right upper lobe a

Pulmonary v, left upper lobe

Right pulmonary a

Left atrium Suprahepatic inferior vena cava

Plane of mitral valve

Intrahepatic inferior vena cava Celiac a Superior mesenteric a

Infrahepatic inferior vena cava

Abdominal aorta

Right renal v

456  THORAX:  CT OF THE THORAX

Figure 18.3.6A

Tracheal carina

Esophagus

Aortic arch

Right upper lobe bronchus

Right pulmonary a

Main pulmonary a Superior left pulmonary v

Right interlobar pulmonary a

Left atrium

Esophagus

Infrahepatic inferior vena cava

Figure 18.3.6B

Bronchus to apical segment, right upper lobe Bronchus intermedius, posterior wall

Right mainstem bronchus

Trachea

Left mainstem bronchus

Bronchus to anterior segment, left upper lobe Lingular bronchi

THORAX:  CT OF THE THORAX  457

Figure 18.3.7A Right scapula

Left scapula

Spinal cord

Rib Vertebral body

Spleen Liver

Right kidney

Left hemidiaphragm

Left kidney

Figure 18.3.7B

Aortic arch Right upper lobe a Left pulmonary a Right interlobar a Inferior right pulmonary v

Inferior left pulmonary v

458  THORAX:  CT OF THE THORAX

Figure 18.3.8

Pedicle of vertebra

Spinal cord

Pedicle of vertebra

Head of rib

Head of rib

Nerve roots

Nerve roots

Neural foramina

Right hemidiaphragm

Neural foramina

Left hemidiaphragm

19 Chapter

MRI of the Heart

460  THORAX:  MRI OF THE HEART

AXIAL Figure 19.1.1

Right internal mammary a and v

Sternum

Left internal mammary a and v

Pectoralis major m Pectoralis minor m Left lung

Superior vena cava

Aortic arch Trachea Esophagus

Right lung

Subscapularis m Supraspinatus m

Thoracic vertebral body

Figure 19.1.2

Trapezius m

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

Sternum

Superior vena cava Carina Right lung

Ascending aorta Left lung Descending aorta

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

THORAX:  MRI OF THE HEART  461

Figure 19.1.3 Ascending aorta

Main pulmonary a

Superior vena cava

Left pulmonary a

Right pulmonary a

Left mainstem bronchus

Right mainstem bronchus

Descending aorta

Azygos v

Figure 19.1.4

Right internal mammary a and v

Esophagus

Left internal mammary a and v

Ascending aorta Superior vena cava

Pulmonic valve

Left superior pulmonary v

Right pulmonary a

Left mainstem bronchus

Right mainstem bronchus

Descending aorta

Azygos v

Esophagus

462  THORAX:  MRI OF THE HEART

Figure 19.1.5

Sternum

Left internal mammary a and v

Pulmonary outflow tract

Right atrial appendage

Aortic root

Superior vena cava

Left ventricle

Right middle pulmonary v

Left atrium

Right inferior pulmonary v

Left inferior pulmonary v Aorta

Thoracic vertebral body

Figure 19.1.6

Spinal cord

Sternum Right ventricle

Right coronary a

Right atrium

Left atrium

Intraventricular septum Left ventricle

Aortic outflow tract Mitral valve Circumflex a

Esophagus

Aorta

Azygos v Right lung, lower lobe

Left lung, lower lobe

THORAX:  MRI OF THE HEART  463

Figure 19.1.7 Right ventricle

Sternum

Right coronary a Tricuspid valve Right atrium Liver Inferior vena cava Azygos v Right lung, lower lobe

Left ventricle

Coronary sinus Esophagus Aorta

Left lung, lower lobe

464  THORAX:  MRI OF THE HEART

SAGITTAL Figure 19.2.1

Left clavicle

Left lung, upper lobe Left bronchus

Left pulmonary a

Left pulmonary v Left ventricular cavity

Pulmonary outflow tract

Left ventricular myocardium

Right ventricle Liver

Left kidney

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Figure 19.2.2

Left clavicle

Left lung, upper lobe Aortic arch

Main pulmonary a Left mainstem bronchus

Right ventricular outflow tract

Right ventricle

Left superior pulmonary a Descending aorta Left pulmonary v Left ventricular cavity Left ventricle myocardium

Liver Left kidney

THORAX:  MRI OF THE HEART  465

Figure 19.2.3 Brachiocephalic trunk Aortic arch Aorticopulmonary window

Pulmonary outflow tract

Neural foramina with n roots Right mainstem bronchus

Right pulmonary a Left atrium

Aortic root

Right ventricular cavity Celiac a

Liver Abdominal aorta

Superior mesenteric a

Figure 19.2.4

Trachea

Brachiocephalic trunk Left brachiocephalic v Manubrium Ascending aorta Sternum body Right atrial appendage Sinuses of Valsalva

Spinal cord Thoracic vertebral bodies

Proximal right pulmonary a Left atrium

Right atrium Right ventricular cavity

Liver

Xiphoid

Intervertebral discs

466  THORAX:  MRI OF THE HEART

Figure 19.2.5

Right clavicle

Right pulmonary a Right superior pulmonary v

Right lung, upper lobe

Pulmonary vv

Right atrium

Right ventricle

Inferior vena cava Liver

THORAX:  MRI OF THE HEART  467

CORONAL Figure 19.3.1

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Figure 19.3.2 Right clavicle, head

Left clavicle, head Internal mammary vessels

Ascending aorta

Left lung Pulmonary a

Right lung Aortic root Right atrium Right ventricle

Liver

Pulmonary outflow tract Left ventricle Cardiac septum

468  THORAX:  MRI OF THE HEART

Figure 19.3.3 Subclavian vessel Left brachiocephalic v

Left lung Ascending aorta Right lung

Main pulmonary a

Right atrium

Right ventricle

Left ventricular cavity

Liver

Figure 19.3.4 Vertebral body

Trachea Axillary a and v Arch of azygos v

Right pulmonary a

Right atrium

Left subclavian a

Aortic arch Main pulmonary a Confluence of left superior pulmonary vv Left atrium Left ventricle Left ventricular myocardium

THORAX:  MRI OF THE HEART  469

Figure 19.3.5

Vertebral body

Right lung

Left lung

Posterior left hilum

Descending aorta Liver

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V

Section

Abdomen

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20 Chapter

CT of the Abdomen

474  ABDOMEN:  CT OF THE ABDOMEN

Table 20-1.  Muscles of the Abdominal Wall MUSCLE

ORIGIN

INSERTION

NERVE SUPPLY

Rectus abdominis

Crest and symphysis of the pubis

Xiphoid process and fifth to seventh costal cartilages

Branches of the lower thoracic

External oblique (obliquus externus abdominis)

Fifth to twelfth ribs

Anterior half of the iliac crest, inguinal ligament, and anterior layer of the sheath of the rectus abdominis

Ventral branches of the lower thoracic

Internal oblique (obliquus internus abdominis)

Tenth to twelfth ribs and sheath of the rectus abdominis; some fibers from the inguinal ligament terminate in the falx inguinalis

Iliac fascia deep to the lateral part of the inguinal ligament, the anterior half of the iliac crest, and the lumbar fascia

Lower thoracic

Transversus abdominis

Seventh to twelfth costal cartilages, lumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inguinal ligament

Xiphoid cartilage and linea alba and through the falx inguinalis, pubic tubercle, and pecten

Lower thoracic

ABDOMEN:  CT OF THE ABDOMEN  475

AXIAL Figure 20.1.1

Left hepatic v

Esophagus

Rectus abdominis m

Heart Costal cartilage Aorta

Middle hepatic v Inferior vena cava

Stomach Rib Spleen

Right hepatic v

Serratus anterior m

Right lung

Latissimus dorsi m

Iliocostalis m

Longissimus Multifidus m Intercostal dorsi m vessels

Figure 20.1.2

Liver, left medial superior subsegment (segment IVa)

Left portal v, Left umbilical hepatic a portion

Left lung

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

= = = = = = = = = = = =

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Liver, left lateral inferior subsegment (segment III) Left portal v (p III) Left hepatic v

Middle hepatic v Liver, right portal v (p VIII)

Liver, left lateral superior subsegment (segment II)

Right anterior superior subsegment (segment VIII)

Left portal v (p II) Stomach

Right hepatic v

Ligamentum venosum, fissure

Inferior vena cava

Liver caudate lobe (segment I)

Right posterior superior subsegment (segment VII)

Spleen Left lung Right portal v (p VII)

Right lung

Right adrenal gland

Right crus of diaphragm

Aorta

476  ABDOMEN:  CT OF THE ABDOMEN

Figure 20.1.3

Liver, left medial segment (segment IV)

Ligamentum teres, fissure

Liver, left lateral inferior subsegment (segment III)

Left hepatic v

Portal v, bifurcation Left hepatic a Ligamentum venosum, fissure

Middle hepatic v Right portal v (p VIII)

Stomach Right portal v Right hepatic v

Spleen

Liver, right posterior superior subsegment (segment VII) Inferior vena cava Right adrenal gland

Figure 20.1.4

Crus of diaphragm

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Caudate Aorta lobe (segment I)

Left adrenal gland

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ABDOMEN:  CT OF THE ABDOMEN  477

Figure 20.1.5

External oblique m

Ligamentum teres, fissure

Common hepatic a

Linea alba

Rectus abdominis m

Celiac trunk

Stomach

Right crus of diaphragm

Main portal v Right portal v, anterior branch

Splenic v

Portacaval space

Intercostal mm

Right hepatic v Splenic v

Right portal v, posterior branch

Spleen

Inferior vena cava Left kidney, superior pole

Right kidney, superior pole Iliocostalis m

Figure 20.1.6

Longissimus dorsi m

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Right adrenal gland

Left adrenal gland

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478  ABDOMEN:  CT OF THE ABDOMEN

Figure 20.1.7

Splenoportal confluence Liver, left lateral inferior subsegment Pancreas (segment III) body

Main Duodenum pancreatic duct bulb

Liver, left medial inferior subsegment (segment IVb)

Stomach

Gallbladder Superior mesenteric a Liver, right anterior inferior subsegment (segment V)

Spleen Left renal v

Duodenum, second portion

Splenic v

Pancreas tail Liver, right posterior inferior subsegment (segment V)

Left renal a Left kidney

Right kidney, renal pelvis Right kidney, renal cortex

Figure 20.1.8

Stomach antrum

Inferior vena cava

Right kidney, renal medulla

Aorta

Quadratus lumborum m

Right crus of diaphragm

Superior Superior mesenteric mesenteric a v

Rectus Transversus Stomach abdominis abdominis body m m

Pancreas, head

External oblique m Internal oblique m Spleen

Gallbladder Colon, hepatic flexure

Colon, splenic flexure

Duodenum, second portion Small bowel, jejunum Right kidney Right renal v

Inferior vena cava

Aorta

Lumbar v

Left renal v

Left kidney

ABDOMEN:  CT OF THE ABDOMEN  479

Figure 20.1.9

Liver, lateral segment Superior mesenteric v

Stomach Gastrocolic trunk antrum

Stomach body

Superior mesenteric a

Gallbladder fundus

Colon, splenic flexure

Pancreas, uncinate process Duodenum, second portion

Jejunum

Spleen

Left renal v

Hepatic flexure Inferior vena cava

Left kidney Right kidney, renal pelvis

Figure 20.1.10

Psoas m

Aorta

Duodenum, third portion

Stomach

Left gonadal v

Quadratus lumborum m

Mesentery and mesenteric vessels Left gonadal v

Transverse colon

Small bowel, ileum Small bowel, jejunum

Liver Inferior vena cava

Descending colon Left kidney, inferior pole

Ascending colon

Latissimus dorsi m

Right kidney, inferior pole Superior lumbar triangle

Right gonadal v

Aorta

Iliocostalis and longissimus dorsi mm

Psoas m

Quadratus lumborum m

480  ABDOMEN:  CT OF THE ABDOMEN

Figure 20.1.11

Umbilicus

Inferior mesenteric a

Transverse colon Small bowel, ileum

Small bowel, jejunum

Ascending colon

Descending colon

Small bowel mesentery and mesenteric vessels

Right gonadal v

Latissimus dorsi m Inferior vena cava

Figure 20.1.12

Aortic bifurcation

Left gonadal v

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ABDOMEN:  CT OF THE ABDOMEN  481

SAGITTAL Figure 20.2.1

Right ventricle

Pericardium

Left ventricle

Stomach

Left lung Splenic hilum, splenic a, and splenic v

Pericardial fat

Diaphragm Spleen Costal cartilage Pancreas, tail

Internal oblique m

Left kidney Transversus abdominis m

Descending colon artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

Small bowel Small bowel mesentery and vessels

Rectus abdominis m Iliacus m

Figure 20.2.2

Splenic v

Right ventricle

Ilium

Left ventricle

Gluteus medius m Left lung

Quadratus lumborum m Stomach fundus Rib

Pancreas, tail

Intercostal vessels and mm

Costal cartilage

Spleen Splenic a

Liver, lateral segment

Latissimus dorsi m Stomach body Longissimus dorsi m

Small bowel, jejunum Small bowel mesentery and mesenteric vessels

Iliocostalis m Transverse colon

Renal hilum, Psoas m Left Ilium renal a, and renal v kidney

Quadratus lumborum m

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482  ABDOMEN:  CT OF THE ABDOMEN

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ABDOMEN:  CT OF THE ABDOMEN  483

Figure 20.2.5

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Aorta

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484  ABDOMEN:  CT OF THE ABDOMEN

Figure 20.2.7

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Left portal v

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Liver, caudate lobe

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Diaphragm

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Left portal v, umbilical portion

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Gastroduodenal a

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Small bowel

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ABDOMEN:  CT OF THE ABDOMEN  485

Figure 20.2.9

Right internal mammary a

Left portal v

Liver, right anterior segment

Right portal v

Proper hepatic a

Diaphragm

Liver, posterior segment Right adrenal gland Crus of diaphragm

Liver, medial segment Ligamentum teres

Right kidney, superior pole

Liver, lateral segment

Right renal a

Pancreas, head Rectus abdominis m

Right renal v Iliocostalis m

Transverse colon

Duodenum, second portion Psoas m

Small bowel Longissimus dorsi m Right gonadal v

Figure 20.2.10

Right lung

Liver, anterior superior subsegment (segment VIII) Right portal v

Liver, medial segment (segment IV)

Liver, right posterior superior subsegment (segment VII)

Right hepatic a Common hepatic duct

Crus of diaphragm Liver, caudate lobe

Falciform lig

Right kidney

Diaphragm

Right renal v

Gallbladder neck

Renal pelvis

Duodenum, second portion

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Rectus abdominis m

Small bowel

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Transverse colon

486  ABDOMEN:  CT OF THE ABDOMEN

Figure 20.2.11

Liver, right anterior superior subsegment (segment VIII)

Right lung

Liver, right posterior superior subsegment (segment VII) Right portal v, posterior branch

Gallbladder body Liver, right anterior inferior subsegment (segment V)

Right kidney, renal cortex

Renal medulla

Colon, hepatic flexure

Iliocostalis m

Rectus abdominis m

Longissimus dorsi m

Psoas m

Small bowel

Figure 20.2.12

Right portal v, anterior branch

Liver, right anterior inferior subsegment (segment V) Gallbladder body

Liver, right anterior superior subsegment (segment VIII)

Right lung

Liver, right posterior superior subsegment (segment VII)

Liver, right posterior inferior subsegment (segment VI)

Gallbladder fundus Latissimus dorsi m

Transversus abdominis m

Right kidney Ascending colon

Rectus abdominis m

Quadratus lumborum m Iliac crest

ABDOMEN:  CT OF THE ABDOMEN  487

CORONAL Figure 20.3.1

Liver, Sternum, lateral segment xiphoid process

Costal cartilage Left diaphragm

Liver, medial segment

Right gastroepiploic a and v Left gastroepiploic a and v

Gallbladder fundus

Omental vessels Falciform lig

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

Small bowel loop

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

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Figure 20.3.2

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488  ABDOMEN:  CT OF THE ABDOMEN

Figure 20.3.3 Liver, right lobe, anterior superior subsegment (segment VIII)

Left Left Liver, left lobe, medial segment hepatic portal Right v a ventricle (segment IV)

Liver, left lobe, lateral superior subsegment Left (segment II) ventricle

Liver, left lobe, lateral inferior subsegment (segment III) Stomach

Liver, right lobe, anterior inferior subsegment (segment IV)

Left gastric a Transverse colon

Gallbladder body

Gastrocolic trunk

Gastroduodenal a

Superior mesenteric v

Pancreas, neck

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ABDOMEN:  CT OF THE ABDOMEN  489

Figure 20.3.5

Liver, right lobe, anterior superior subsegment (segment VIII)

Liver, left lobe, medial segment (segment IV)

Liver, left lobe, lateral segment

Left portal v

Common hepatic a Celiac trunk Stomach

Main portal v

Pancreas, body

Right portal v, anterior branch

Colon, splenic flexure

Proper hepatic a

Splenic a Splenic v

Gallbladder neck

Superior mesenteric a

Duodenum, second portion

Duodenum, third portion

Pancreas, head, and main pancreatic duct

External oblique m Small bowel Internal oblique m Inferior mesenteric v

Ascending colon Psoas m

Figure 20.3.6

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490  ABDOMEN:  CT OF THE ABDOMEN

Figure 20.3.7

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Superior Celiac Left Right mesenteric a trunk gastric a ventricle

Ligamentum venosum

Left ventricle

Liver, lateral segment Left gastric v

Stomach Colon, splenic flexure

Right portal v Duodenum, second portion

Pancreas, body Splenic a Splenic v

Colon, hepatic flexure

Inferior mesenteric v

Ascending colon

External oblique m Internal oblique m

Right kidney, inferior pole Inferior Right Aorta Left renal v vena renal a cava

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ABDOMEN:  CT OF THE ABDOMEN  491

Figure 20.3.9 Splenic v Splenic a

Inferior vena cava, suprahepatic Gastroesophageal portion junction

Stomach fundus

Right portal v (p VIII) Short gastric a and v Right hepatic v

Colon, splenic flexure

Liver, posterior segment

Small bowel, jejunum

Right portal v, posterior branch

Crus of diaphragm

Left renal v

Right kidney, renal pelvis

Left kidney, inferior pole

Aorta Quadratus Pancreas, lumborum m tail

Figure 20.3.10

Right adrenal gland

L3 vertebral body

Aorta

Psoas m

Left adrenal gland

Stomach fundus

Splenic v

Short gastric a

Liver, right posterior superior subsegment (segment VII)

Splenic a

Spleen

Liver, right posterior inferior subsegment (segment VI)

Pancreas, tail Left kidney

Descending colon Perirenal fascia Psoas m

Right kidney

Quadratus lumborum m

Right crus of diaphragm

Left crus of diaphragm

492  ABDOMEN:  CT OF THE ABDOMEN

Figure 20.3.11

Right lung

Left adrenal gland

Aorta

Left lung

Right crus of diaphragm

Stomach Short fundus gastric v

Spleen

Liver, right lobe, posterior segment

Splenic v

Splenic a Pancreas, tail

Right adrenal gland

Descending colon

Right kidney

Quadratus lumborum m

Left crus of diaphragm

Figure 20.3.12

Left kidney, Left kidney, renal medulla renal cortex

Ilium

Gluteus medius m

Left lung Right lung

Liver, right lobe, posterior segment

Spleen

Left kidney

External oblique m

Twelfth rib Iliocostalis m Spinous process

Multifidus m

Longissimus dorsi m

21 Chapter

MRI of the Abdomen

494  ABDOMEN:  MRI OF THE ABDOMEN

AXIAL Figure 21.1.1

Liver, left lobe, medial segment

Liver, caudate lobe

Sternum Costal cartilage Liver, left lobe, lateral segment

Middle hepatic v Liver, right lobe, anterior segment

Heart Left hepatic v Diaphragm

Inferior vena cava

Stomach fundus

Right hepatic v Azygos v

Esophagus Aorta

Serratus anterior m

Spleen

Latissimus dorsi m

Left lung

Liver, right lobe, posterior segment Longissimus thoracis m

Right lung

Figure 21.1.2

Middle hepatic v

Spinal cord

Liver, left lobe, medial segment

Spinal canal

Ribs

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Ligamentum venosum

Liver, caudate lobe

Costal cartilage

Liver, right lobe, anterior segment

Liver, left lobe, lateral segment

Inferior vena cava

Diaphragm

Heart

Stomach fundus

Azygos v

Gastroesophageal junction

Crus of diaphragm

Spleen

Right hepatic v

Left adrenal gland Left lung

Serratus anterior m

Rib

Latissimus dorsi m

Liver, right lobe, posterior segment

Longissimus thoracis m

Multifidus m

Spinal canal

Spinal cord

Aorta

ABDOMEN:  MRI OF THE ABDOMEN  495

Figure 21.1.3

Ligamentum venosum

Left portal v, umbilical segment Liver, left lobe, medial segment Liver, right lobe, anterior segment Liver, caudate lobe

Liver, left lobe lateral segment Heart Stomach fundus

Right portal v, branch

Left adrenal gland

Azygos v

Spleen Right adrenal gland

Latissimus dorsi m

Liver, right lobe, posterior segment

Serratus anterior m

Longissimus m Crus of Multifidus m Spinal Spinal Inferior Aorta diaphragm cord canal vena cava

Figure 21.1.4

Left portal v, umbilical segment

Inferior vena cava

Liver, left lobe, medial segment

Liver, left lobe, lateral segment

Liver, right lobe, anterior segment

Stomach fundus Liver, caudate lobe Left adrenal gland

Right portal v Azygos v

Splenic vessel Spleen

Liver, right lobe, posterior segment

Latissimus dorsi m Serratus anterior m

Iliocostalis lumborum m, Erector spinae m Right Longissimus Multifidus Spinal Spinal Crus of adrenal thoracis m m canal cord diaphragm gland

Aorta

496  ABDOMEN:  MRI OF THE ABDOMEN

Figure 21.1.5

Liver, left lobe, medial segment

Left portal v, branch

Liver, left lobe, lateral segment

Left gastric a

Colon, splenic flexure

Hepatic a Liver, caudate lobe

Stomach body

Liver, right lobe, anterior segment

Pancreas Splenic vessels Left adrenal gland

Right portal v, branches

Spleen Hepatic cyst

Serratus anterior m Latissimus dorsi m

Liver, right lobe, posterior segment

Left kidney, upper pole

Inferior Right adrenal Multifidus Longissimus Aorta vena cava gland m m

Figure 21.1.6

Hepatic a

Xiphoid process

Liver, left lobe, lateral segment

Left gastric a

Liver, left lobe, medial segment

Colon, splenic flexure Stomach, body

Main portal v

Pancreas, body

Liver, right lobe, anterior segment

Splenic vessels Left adrenal gland

Inferior vena cava

Left kidney

Right adrenal gland

Latissiumus dorsi m

Liver, right lobe, posterior segment

Serratus anterior m

Right kidney, upper pole

Spleen Iliocostalis lumborum m

Longissimus Multifidus Diaphragm Hemiazygos v thoracis m m

Aorta

ABDOMEN:  MRI OF THE ABDOMEN  497

Figure 21.1.7

Liver, left lobe, medial segment

Ligamentum teres, fissure

Liver, left lobe, lateral segment

Right adrenal gland

Left gastric a

Colon, splenic flexure

Common hepatic a

Stomach, body

Liver, right lobe, anterior segment

Pancreas, body Pancreas, tail Spleen Left adrenal gland

Main portal v

Serratus anterior m Latissimus dorsi m

Cystic duct

Left kidney Liver, right lobe, posterior segment

Figure 21.1.8

Liver, left lobe, medial segment

Right hepatic a

Diaphragm Right Longissimus Multifidus Inferior m m vena cava kidney

Ligamentum teres, fissure

Liver, left lobe, lateral segment

Common hepatic a

Aorta

Celiac trunk

Stomach, body

Main portal v

Colon, splenic flexure

Liver, right lobe, anterior segment

Jejunum Splenic a Pancreas, body Left adrenal gland

Gallbladder neck Liver, right lobe, posterior segment

Spleen

Right adrenal gland

Pancreas, tail Renal sinus

Right kidney

Left kidney

Erector spinae m

Longissimus Inferior Multifidus m vena cava m

Diaphragm

Aorta

498  ABDOMEN:  MRI OF THE ABDOMEN

Figure 21.1.9

Liver, left lobe, medial segment

Ligamentum teres, fissure

Liver, left lobe, lateral segment Rectus abdominis m

External oblique m

Stomach, body

Main portal v

Colon, splenic flexure

Gallbladder

Jejunum

Duodenum, bulb

Splenic v

Liver, right lobe, anterior segment

Pancreas, body Left adrenal gland

Liver, right lobe, posterior segment Right kidney

Pancreas, tail Spleen Left kidney

Latissimus dorsi m Iliocostalis lumborum m, Erector spinae m

Figure 21.1.10

Common Longissimus Multifidus Inferior bile duct m m vena cava

Liver, left lobe, Pancreas medial segment head

Rectus abdominis m

Diaphragm Aorta Renal sinus

Liver, left lobe, lateral segment

Transverse abdominis m

Stomach, antrum Transverse colon

Gallbladder

External oblique m

Liver, right lobe, anterior segment

Splenic v Jejunum Pancreas, body

Bulb of duodenum Common bile duct

Superior mesenteric a

Duodenum, second portion

Pancreas, tail Spleen

Liver, right lobe, posterior segment

Renal sinus

Right kidney

Left kidney Inferior vena cava

Iliocostalis lumborum m, Erector spinae m

Left renal v

Left Longissimus Multifidus Diaphragm Aorta adrenal gland m m

ABDOMEN:  MRI OF THE ABDOMEN  499

Figure 21.1.11

Liver, left lobe, medial segment

Superior mesenteric a

Liver, left lobe, lateral segment

Stomach, antrum

Superior mesenteric v Pancreas, uncinate process Pancreas, head

Transverse colon

Gallbladder Liver, right lobe, anterior segment

Left renal v Jejunum

Common bile duct

Descending colon

Duodenum, second portion Inferior vena cava

Spleen Left kidney

Liver, right lobe, posterior segment Right kidney Right renal a

Figure 21.1.12

Pancreas, head

Iliocostalis Longissimus Multifidus Diaphragm Aorta lumborum m m m

Pancreas, uncinate process

Rectus abdominis m

Liver, left lobe, lateral segment

Stomach, antrum Transverse abdominis m

Colon, hepatic flexure

Transverse colon

Liver, right lobe, anterior segment

Superior mesenteric v Superior mesenteric a

External oblique m

Jejunum

Common bile duct Duodenum, second portion

Descending colon Spleen

Liver, right lobe, posterior segment

Left renal v

Right renal v

Left kidney

Right kidney Inferior Iliocostalis Right Multifidus Longissimus Diaphragm Aorta vena lumborum m, renal a m m cava Erector spinae m

500  ABDOMEN:  MRI OF THE ABDOMEN

Figure 21.1.13

Colon, hepatic flexure

Superior mesenteric a

Linea alba

Liver, left lobe, lateral segment

Stomach, antrum

Superior mesenteric v Liver, right lobe, anterior segment Pancreas, uncinate process Pancreas, head

Transverse colon Jejunum Duodenum, third portion Aorta Spleen

Common bile duct

Diaphragm Descending colon

Duodenum, second portion

Left kidney

Liver, right lobe, posterior segment Right kidney Iliocostalis Longissimus Right lumborum m, m renal v Erector spinae m

Figure 21.1.14

Multifidus m

Inferior Left vena renal v cava

Linea alba

Superior mesenteric a Superior mesenteric v

Transverse colon

Pancreas, uncinate process Pancreas, head Ascending colon Duodenum, second portion Liver, right lobe, posterior segment Common bile duct Renal pelvis

Jejunum Duodenum, third portion Left renal a Descending colon Renal pelvis Left kidney

Right kidney Iliocostalis lumborum m, Erector spinae m

Longissimus Inferior Multifidus Aorta vena cava m m

ABDOMEN:  MRI OF THE ABDOMEN  501

Figure 21.1.15

Duodenum, third portion Superior mesenteric a Superior mesenteric v Pancreas, head Duodenum, second portion

Transverse colon Lymph node Duodenojejunal junction Jejunum

Ascending colon

Descending colon Left ureter

Liver, right lobe, posterior segment

Left kidney

Right ureter

Latissimus dorsi m

Right kidney

Iliocostalis Inferior Longissimus lumborum m, vena cava m Erector spinae m

Figure 21.1.16

Superior mesenteric a

Multifidus m

Aorta

Psoas m

Linea alba

Transverse colon

Superior mesenteric v

Duodenojejunal junction

Pancreas, head Duodenum, second portion Ascending colon

Jejunum Descending colon

Liver, right lobe, posterior segment

Left ureter Left kidney

Right ureter Right kidney

Iliocostalis Inferior Longissimus Multifidus Psoas m Quadratus Aorta lumborum m lumborum m, vena m m cava Erector spinae m

502  ABDOMEN:  MRI OF THE ABDOMEN

SAGITTAL Figure 21.2.1 Left breast

Left lung Heart Splenic vessels Spleen

Colon, splenic flexure

Pancreas, tail Left kidney

Small bowel

Descending colon

Ilium Iliacus m Gluteus medius m Gluteus maximus m

Figure 21.2.2 Left lung

Heart Spleen Splenic vessels

Pancreas, tail Colon, splenic flexure

Rectus abdominis m Rectus abdominis m, tendinous intersection Descending colon

Left kidney

Small bowel

Quadratus lumborum m

Ilium Iliacus m

Gluteus medius m Gluteus maximus m

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

ABDOMEN:  MRI OF THE ABDOMEN  503

Figure 21.2.3

Heart

Left lung

Spleen Stomach, fundus

Splenic a Splenic v Pancreas, tail

Small bowel Left kidney Transverse colon Rectus abdominis m Rectus abdominis m, tendinous intersection

Iliocostalis lumborum m Quadratus lumborum m

Descending colon Psoas m Ilium

Gluteus medius m

Iliacus m

Figure 21.2.4 Left lung Heart Splenic v Liver, left lobe, lateral segment Stomach, fundus Pancreas, tail

Splenic a Left adrenal gland Left renal v Left kidney Left renal a

Transverse colon Mesenteric vessels Rectus abdominis m, tendinous intersection

Renal pelvis Small bowel

Erector spinae mm

Rectus abdominis m Psoas m

504  ABDOMEN:  MRI OF THE ABDOMEN

Figure 21.2.5 Heart

Liver, left lobe, lateral segment Splenic a Pancreas, body Splenic v

Left lung

Stomach, fundus Left adrenal gland Left kidney Left renal v

Transverse colon Small bowel

Left renal a Longissimus thoracis m Psoas m

Rectus abdominis m

Figure 21.2.6 Aorta Heart

Liver, left lobe, lateral segment

Pancreas, body

Gastroesophageal junction

Splenic a Splenic v

Stomach, body Left renal v Transverse colon

Left renal a

Small bowel

Mesenteric vessels Rectus abdominis m

Longissimus thoracis m

Left common iliac vessels

ABDOMEN:  MRI OF THE ABDOMEN  505

Figure 21.2.7 Left hemidiaphragm

Heart

Gastroesophageal junction

Liver, left lobe, lateral segment

Aorta Left gastric a

Pancreas, body Stomach, body

Splenic a Splenic v Left renal v

Transverse colon Small bowel

Neural foramen, n root

Mesenteric vessels

Erector spinae mm

Vertebral pedicle

Figure 21.2.8

Heart

Spinal cord Esophagus

Liver, left lobe, lateral segment

Spinal canal Splenic a Celiac a

Pancreas, body Stomach, body

Aorta Superior mesenteric a Left renal v

Transverse colon

Duodenum, third portion

Linea alba

Multifidus m

Splenic v

Small bowel

Vertebral body Erector spinae mm

506  ABDOMEN:  MRI OF THE ABDOMEN

Figure 21.2.9

Heart Spinal canal (CSF)

Sternum

Common hepatic a

Liver, left lobe, lateral segment

Pancreas, body Splenic v Spinal cord

Stomach, body

Right renal a

Transverse colon

Left renal v Spinous process

Linea alba

Duodenum, third portion

Small bowel

Vertebral body Intervertebral disc

Umbilicus

Sacrum

Superior mesenteric a

Figure 21.2.10 Heart

Liver, left lobe, lateral segment

Duodenum, third portion Stomach, body

Transverse colon

Spinal canal

Right renal a Multifidus m

Small bowel

Umbilicus

Vertebral body

Intervertebral disc

Sacrum

ABDOMEN:  MRI OF THE ABDOMEN  507

Figure 21.2.11 Heart Liver, caudate lobe Inferior vena cava Liver, left lobe, lateral segment

Stomach, body

Ligamentum venosum, fissure

Pancreas, head Right renal a

Transverse colon Small bowel

Rectus abdominis m Right common iliac a

Duodenum, third portion Erector spinae mm

Vertebral body Intervertebral disc

Figure 21.2.12

Liver, left lobe, lateral segment Proper hepatic a

Inferior vena cava Portal v (main)

Stomach, body Transverse colon Duodenum, third portion Rectus abdominis m, tendinous intersection

Pancreas, head Right renal a Vertebral body Erector spinae mm

Small bowel

Intervertebral disc

Rectus abdominis m

Vertebral pedicle

Tendinous intersection

Right common iliac vessels

Sacrum

508  ABDOMEN:  MRI OF THE ABDOMEN

Figure 21.2.13

Liver, left lobe, medial segment

Hepatic aa

Right lung

Liver, caudate lobe Left portal v Main portal v Liver, left lobe, lateral segment Stomach, antrum

Right adrenal gland Right kidney Right renal v

Pancreas, head Transverse colon Duodenum, third portion Small bowel

Right renal a Inferior vena cava Erector spinae mm Psoas m

Rectus abdominis m

Sacrum

Figure 21.2.14 Right lung Duodenum bulb Liver, left lobe, medial segment Ligamentum teres, fissure Liver, left lobe, lateral segment Stomach, antrum Pancreas, head Transverse colon Duodenum, third portion Rectus abdominis m, tendinous intersection

Liver, right lobe Right portal v Right renal v Right kidney Right renal a Common bile duct Right renal pelvis Right ureter Erector spinae mm

Small bowel Psoas m

ABDOMEN:  MRI OF THE ABDOMEN  509

Figure 21.2.15 Right lung

Liver, right lobe Liver, left lobe, medial segment Gallbladder Pancreas, head

Right portal v Duodenum, second portion Right kidney Renal sinus

Transverse colon Rectus abdominis m Small bowel

Iliocostalis lumborum m

Cecum Psoas m

Ilium Iliacus m

Figure 21.2.16

Right lung

Liver, left lobe, medial segment

Liver, right lobe, posterior segment Gallbladder

Colon, hepatic flexure Right kidney

Rectus abdominis m

Iliocostalis lumborum m Ascending colon

Quadratus lumborum m Ilium

Iliacus m

Gluteus medius m Gluteus maximus m

510  ABDOMEN:  MRI OF THE ABDOMEN

CORONAL Figure 21.3.1

Glandular tissue within right breast Left breast

Costal cartilage Liver

Xiphoid process

Transverse colon

Subcutaneous fat

Umbilicus Subcutaneous vessel

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

Figure 21.3.2

Glandular tissue within right breast

Liver, left lobe, medial segment Colon, hepatic flexure Ligamentus teres, fissure

Sternum

Liver, left lobe, lateral segment Stomach body

Transverse colon

Rectus abdominis m Umbilicus

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

ABDOMEN:  MRI OF THE ABDOMEN  511

Figure 21.3.3

Right breast

Glandular tissue in left breast

Ligamentus teres, fissure Liver, left lobe, medial segment Gallbladder Colon, hepatic flexure Transverse colon Rectus abdominis m, tendinous intersection

Liver, left lobe, lateral segment Stomach, body Colon, splenic flexure Internal and external oblique mm Loops of small bowel

Rectus abdominis m

Figure 21.3.4

Right lung Liver, left lobe, medial segment Left portal v, branch Gallbladder Stomach, antrum Colon, hepatic flexure Transverse colon Loops of small bowel Ascending colon External oblique m Internal oblique m

Glandular tissue in left breast Heart

Liver, left lobe, lateral segment Stomach, fundus Colon, splenic flexure Jejunum

512  ABDOMEN:  MRI OF THE ABDOMEN

Figure 21.3.5

Right lung Right breast

Heart

Liver, left lobe, medial segment

Glandular tissue in left breast Liver, left lobe lateral segment

Left portal v

Stomach, fundus

Liver, right lobe

Pancreas, body

Gallbladder

Pancreatic duct

Stomach, pylorus ring

Colon, splenic flexure Spleen

Ascending colon

Jejunum Descending colon Superior mesenteric a

External oblique m Internal oblique m

Superior mesenteric v

Sigmoid colon

Figure 21.3.6 Left lung

Right lung

Left breast Heart, left ventricle Liver, left lobe lateral segment

Liver, right lobe Left portal v

Stomach, fundus Pancreas, body

Gallbladder Bulb of duodenum

Spleen

Pancreas, head Ascending colon

Jejunum

Descending colon Superior mesenteric a

Aorta

Common iliac a

ABDOMEN:  MRI OF THE ABDOMEN  513

Figure 21.3.7

Splenic a

Left lung Heart

Right lung Common hepatic a Middle hepatic v

Liver, left lobe, lateral segment

Liver, right lobe

Left gastric a Stomach, fundus Pancreas, body

Gallbladder Bulb of duodenum Pancreas, head

Spleen Superior mesenteric a Jejunum Descending colon Aorta External oblique m

Ascending colon Inferior vena cava

Transversus abdominus m Internal oblique m Psoas m Iliacus m Main portal v

Figure 21.3.8 Left lung Right lung

Heart

Middle hepatic v Liver, right lobe

Liver, left lobe, lateral segment Diaphragm

Main portal v

Stomach, fundus Pancreas, body

Right hepatic v Duodenum, second portion

Spleen

Common bile duct

Jejunum

Pancreas, head Common hepatic a

Descending colon Left gastric a Celiac a Superior mesenteric a

Ascending colon External oblique m Internal oblique m

Left renal v Psoas m Aorta Iliacus m Lumbar spine, vertebral body Inferior vena cava

514  ABDOMEN:  MRI OF THE ABDOMEN

Figure 21.3.9 Left lung Right lung

Heart

Liver, right lobe

Liver, left lobe, caudate lobe

Celiac a

Diaphragm

Superior mesenteric a

Stomach, fundus

Duodenum, second portion

Splenic a Pancreas, body

Pancreas, head Common bile duct Right renal a

Spleen Left renal v Jejunum Left renal a Descending colon

Ascending colon External oblique m

Aorta

Internal oblique m

Psoas m Lumbar spine, vertebral body

Inferior vena cava

Figure 21.3.10 Left lung Right lung

Gastroesophageal junction Aorta Inferior vena cava Duodenum, second portion Right renal a Ascending colon

Heart, left atrium Liver, caudate lobe Stomach, fundus Splenic a Spleen Pancreas, tail Jejunum Descending colon Left renal v Left renal a Psoas m Ilium Gluteus medius m

ABDOMEN:  MRI OF THE ABDOMEN  515

Figure 21.3.11 Heart

Right lung

Left lung Liver, caudate lobe Diaphragm Stomach, fundus

Esophagus Liver, right lobe Inferior vena cava

Spleen Splenic a Pancreas, tail Left renal v Left renal a

Aorta Right renal a Right kidney Right ureter

Descending colon Jejunum

Ascending colon

Left ureter Psoas m Ilium Gluteus medius m

Spinal canal

Sacrum

Figure 21.3.12 Left lung Right lung

Heart Left adrenal gland

Aorta

Stomach, fundus Spleen

Right hepatic v

Splenic vessels Pancreas, tail

Liver, right lobe Right renal v

Left renal v

Right renal a

Left renal a Descending colon Jejunum Left kidney

Right kidney Right ureter Ascending colon

Internal and external oblique m

Lumbar spine, vertebral body

Left ureter Psoas m

Quadratus lumborum m

Ilium Gluteus medius m Spinal canal

Sacrum

516  ABDOMEN:  MRI OF THE ABDOMEN

Figure 21.3.13 Left lung

Right lung

Aorta Latissimus dorsi m Spleen Left adrenal gland

Azygos v Serratus anterior m Liver, right lobe Right adrenal gland

Pancreas, tail Left kidney

Right kidney

Renal pelvis

Renal pelvis

Psoas m Quadratus lumborum m Iliocostalis lumborum m Gluteus medius m Ilium Spinal canal

Sacrum

Figure 21.3.14

Right lung

Left lung

Serratus anterior m Right adrenal gland Liver, right lobe

Thoracic spine vertebral body Crus of diaphragm Spleen Latissimus dorsi m Left kidney

Right kidney

Multifidus m Iliocostalis lumborum m

Spinal canal

ABDOMEN:  MRI OF THE ABDOMEN  517

Figure 21.3.15

Spinal canal Right lung

Left lung

Serratus anterior m

Spinal cord

Liver, right lobe Right kidney

Spleen Left kidney Latissimus dorsi m Iliocostalis lumborum m Longissimus thoracis m Multifidus m

Subcutaneous fat

Figure 21.3.16 Posterior vertebral spinous process Right lung Left lung Latissimus dorsi m Liver, right lobe

Iliocostalis lumborum m Longissimus thoracis m Subcutaneous fat

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VI Section

Pelvis

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22 Chapter

CT of the Male Pelvis

522  PELVIS:  CT OF THE MALE PELVIS

AXIAL Figure 22.1.1 Ascending colon

Rectus abdominis m

Linea alba

Small bowel mesentery and mesenteric vessels

Small bowel loops

External oblique m

Inferior mesenteric a Descending colon

Internal oblique m

Psoas m

Transversus abdominis m

Iliocostalis m Inferior vena cava

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

Quadratus lumborum m Right common iliac a

Figure 22.1.2

External oblique m

Ileocolic a

Longissimus dorsi m

Rectus Linea abdominis m alba

Left common iliac a

Small bowel mesentery and mesenteric vessels

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Small bowel loops Inferior mesenteric a (sigmoid aa)

Internal oblique m

Descending colon

Transversus abdominis m Left common iliac a Psoas m Ascending colon Gluteus medius m Right ureter Iliac crest Right common iliac v

Right common iliac a

Iliocostalis and longissimus dorsi mm

Left common iliac v

PELVIS:  CT OF THE MALE PELVIS  523

Figure 22.1.3

Ascending colon

Small bowel, ileum

Sigmoid colon

Left ureter

Rectus Linea alba abdominis m

Descending colon External oblique m Internal oblique m Transversus abdominis m

Right external iliac a

Psoas m Iliacus

Right common iliac v, bifurcation

Gluteus medius m

Gluteus maximus m

Right internal iliac a

S1 n root

Terminal ileum

Rectus abdominis m

Figure 22.1.4

Thecal Erector sac spinae mm

Linea alba

Inferior epigastric a and v

Sacrum

Sigmoid colon

Sacroiliac joint

Linea semilunaris

Ileocecal valve

Anterior superior iliac spine Iliopsoas m

Cecum

Gluteus minimus m Right external iliac a

Gluteus medius m Gluteus maximus m

Right external iliac v

Right internal iliac vv

Sacrum

Piriformis m

Left internal iliac a

524  PELVIS:  CT OF THE MALE PELVIS

Figure 22.1.5

Cecum

Rectus abdominis m

Linea alba

Inferior epigastric Linea Sigmoid a and v semilunaris colon

Appendix Iliopsoas m

Right external iliac a Gluteus minimus m Right external iliac v

Gluteus medius m

Right ureter Gluteus maximus m

Right internal iliac a and v Rectosigmoid junction

Figure 22.1.6

Cecum

Piriformis m

Rectus Linea abdominis m alba

Sigmoid mesocolon

Inferior epigastric Linea a and v semilunaris Iliopsoas m

Sartorius m Anterior inferior iliac spine Tensor fasciae latae m

Right external iliac a

Gluteus minimus m Right external iliac v

Gluteus medius m

Obturator internus m

Gluteus maximus m

Right internal iliac a and v

Rectum

Sigmoid colon

Piriformis m

PELVIS:  CT OF THE MALE PELVIS  525

Figure 22.1.7

Urinary bladder

Cecum

Rectus Left external abdominis m iliac v

Left external iliac a Iliopsoas m

Sartorius m

Rectus femoris t, straight head

Tensor fasciae latae m

Acetabulum

Rectus femoris t, reflected head

Femoral head Obturator internus m

Gluteus minimus m Gluteus medius m

Sciatic n

Gluteus maximus m

Ureterovesicular junction

Figure 22.1.8

Urinary bladder

Rectum

Rectus abdominis m

Seminal vesicle

Ischial spine

Left common Left common femoral v femoral a

Obturator a and v

Iliopsoas m Sartorius m

Rectus femoris m

Tensor fasciae latae m

Acetabular fossa Gluteus medius m Femoral head

Gluteus minimus m

Greater trochanter

Gluteus maximus m

Seminal vesicle and prostate

Rectum

Coccyx

Obturator internus m

Superior gemellus m

526  PELVIS:  CT OF THE MALE PELVIS

Figure 22.1.9

Spermatic cord

Rectus Left common Left common abdominis m femoral v femoral a Iliopsoas m Sartorius m

Urinary bladder

Rectus femoris m Tensor fasciae latae m

Obturator n and vessels

Gluteus minimus and medius mm

Greater trochanter

Gluteus maximus m

Gemelli mm and obturator internus t

Prostate

Figure 22.1.10

Spermatic cord

Levator ani m

Symphysis pubis

Coccyx

Penis

Rectum

Pectineus m

Obturator internus m

Left common femoral a and v, bifurcation Sartorius m

Pubic bone

Rectus femoris m Tensor fasciae latae m

Retropubic space of Retzius Urethra

Iliopsoas m Vastus lateralis m

Femur

Obturator externus m

Ischial tuberosity

Gluteus maximus m

Ischiorectal fossa

Anal canal

Levator ani m

Obturator internus m

PELVIS:  CT OF THE MALE PELVIS  527

Figure 22.1.11

Spermatic cord

Penis, Penis, corpus corpus Adductor cavernosum spongiosum longus t

Adductor brevis m

Pectineus m Sartorius m

Right superficial femoral a

Rectus femoris m

Right deep femoral a

Iliopsoas m Tensor fasciae latae m

Lateral femoral circumflex a Iliotibial tract

Vastus lateralis m

Femur Medial femoral circumflex a

Obturator externus m

Ischial tuberosity

Quadratus femoris m Pubic ramus

Figure 22.1.12

Adductor brevis m

Membranous urethra

Penis, corpus cavernosum

Anal canal

Common hamstring t

Spermatic Adductor cord longus m

Gluteus maximus m

Pectineus m Sartorius m

Rectus femoris m

Adductor magnus m

Tensor fasciae latae m

Lesser trochanter

Vastus lateralis and intermedius mm

Iliotibial tract

Quadratus femoris m

Ischial ramus

Gluteus maximus m Bulb of penis Anal canal

Urethra, spongiose segment

Ischial cavernosus m

528  PELVIS:  CT OF THE MALE PELVIS

SAGITTAL Figure 22.2.1

Psoas m

Quadratus lumborum m

Small bowel

Iliac crest

Iliacus m

Gluteus medius m

Descending colon

Gluteus maximus m Superior gemellus m Obturator internus and gemelli mm

Iliopsoas m Common femoral a

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

Deep femoral a Medial femoral circumflex a Superficial femoral v Superficial femoral a

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Hip joint Pectineus m

Figure 22.2.2

Adductor brevis m

Obturator externus m

Quadratus Semimembranous femoris m and biceps femoris tt

Psoas m Small bowel

Sacroiliac joint

Rectus abdominis m

Gluteus maximus m

Sigmoid colon External iliac a Iliacus m

Piriformis m Inferior gluteal a and v

Inferior epigastric a and v Obturator n

Obturator a and v

Inguinal lymph nodes

Pectineus m

Superior pubic ramus

Adductor brevis and magnus mm

Obturator externus m

Ischial tuberosity

Obturator internus m

PELVIS:  CT OF THE MALE PELVIS  529

Figure 22.2.3

Left ureter

Left common iliac a

Iliac bifurcation

Left common iliac v

Sacrum Small bowel

Rectus abdominis m

Internal iliac a

Urinary bladder

Internal iliac v Piriformis m

Superior pubic ramus

Gluteus maximus m Coccygeus m

Spermatic cord

Levator ani m

Obturator internus m Perivesical and periprostatic venous plexus

Figure 22.2.4

Adductor brevis m

Obturator externus m

Aortic bifurcation

Ischial tuberosity

Ischial cavernosus m

Iliocostalis and longissimus dorsi mm

Small bowel Left common iliac v S1 n root S2 n root and sacral foramen

Rectus abdominis m

Sigmoid colon Seminal vesicle

Urinary bladder

Levator ani m

Pubic bone

Ischiorectal fossa

Penis

Urogenital diaphragm

Obturator externus and adductor brevis mm

Penis, corpus cavernosum, and ischial cavernosus m

Obturator internus m

530  PELVIS:  CT OF THE MALE PELVIS

Figure 22.2.5

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6SLQRXV SURFHVV

7KHFDO VDF /6 LQWHUYHUWHEUDO GLVF

8PELOLFXV

6DFUXP 6PDOOERZHO (UHFWRU VSLQDHPP

6LJPRLG FRORQ

5HFWRYHVLFDO IRVVD

5HFWXV DEGRPLQLVP

5HFWXP

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PELVIS:  CT OF THE MALE PELVIS  531

CORONAL Figure 22.3.1

Small bowel, ileum

Transverse colon

External oblique m

Internal oblique m

Cecum

Inferior epigastric a and v Rectus abdominis m

Inguinal lymph nodes

Spermatic cord

Sartorius m

Figure 22.3.2

Penis, corpus cavernosum

Terminal ileum

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

Penis, corpus sponginosum

Transversus abdominis m

Ascending colon

= = = = = = = = = = = =

Internal oblique m

External oblique m

Gluteus medius m

Descending colon Anterior superior iliac spine

Cecum

Ilipsoas m

Tensor fasciae latae m

Rectus femoris m Femoral a Adductor longus m

Penis

Femoral v

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

532  PELVIS:  CT OF THE MALE PELVIS

Figure 22.3.3

6PDOOERZHO LOHXP

,OHRFROLFY

7UDQVYHUVH FRORQ

6PDOOERZHO MHMXQXP

7UDQVYHUVXV DEGRPLQLVP

,QWHUQDO REOLTXHP ([WHUQDO REOLTXHP

$VFHQGLQJ FRORQ

'HVFHQGLQJ FRORQ

,OLXP

$QWHULRU VXSHULRU LOLDFVSLQH

&HFXP )HPRUDOQ

,OLRSVRDVP

7HQVRU IDVFLDH ODWDHP

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6LJPRLG FRORQ

Figure 22.3.4

Ascending colon

3XELF ERQH

Right ureter

3HQLV

Common iliac a

6\PSK\VLV SXELV

Aortic bifurcation

3HFWLQHXVP

Inferior mesenteric v

)HPRUDOY

Left ureter

Small bowel, jejunum

Superior mesenteric a

Transversus abdominis m Internal oblique m External oblique m

External iliac a

Sigmoid colon Iliacus m

Ilium

Psoas m

External iliac v

Gluteus medius m Tensor fasciae latae m Iliopsoas m

Deep femoral a and v

Rectus femoris m Urinary bladder

Small bowel, Penis Adductor Superior ileum longus m pubic ramus

Pectineus m

PELVIS:  CT OF THE MALE PELVIS  533

Figure 22.3.5

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5LJKW FRPPRQ LOLDFY 6LJPRLG FRORQ

,QWHUQDO REOLTXHP ([WHUQDO REOLTXHP

6PDOO ERZHO LOHXP

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0HGLDO IHPRUDO FLUFXPIOH[ DDQGY 7HQVRUIDVFLDH ODWDHP /DWHUDO IHPRUDO FLUFXPIOH[ DDQGY

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Figure 22.3.6

8ULQDU\ EODGGHU

3HQLV

L4 vertebral body

2EWXUDWRU H[WHUQXVP

$GGXFWRU EUHYLVP

3HFWLQHXVP

L5 vertebral body

5HFWXV IHPRULVP

Psoas m

Internal iliac a and v

Iliacus m

Ilium

Gluteus minimus m

Sigmoid colon

Gluteus medius m

Femoral head

Acetabulum Obturator n

Obturator internus m Iliopsoas m

Obturator externus m

Urinary bladder

Inferior pubic ramus

Penis

Adductor brevis and magnus mm

Pectineus m

Rectus femoris m

Tensor fasciae latae m

534  PELVIS:  CT OF THE MALE PELVIS

Figure 22.3.7

Sigmoid colon

Internal iliac a and v

Psoas m

L4 vertebral body

L5 vertebral body

Transversus abdominis m

Seminal vesicle

Internal oblique m External oblique m

Urinary bladder

Iliac crest Iliacus m

Prostate

Gluteus minimus m

Acetabulum

Gluteus medius m

Femoral head

Obturator a and v

Greater trochanter

Obturator internus m Obturator externus m Medial femoral circumflex a and v Vastus lateralis m

Acetabular fossa Penis, corpus cavernosum

Figure 22.3.8

Quadratus lumborum m

Penis, corpus spongiosum

Internal iliac a and v

Inferior pubic ramus

Adductor brevis and magnus mm

Sigmoid colon

Sacrum

Pectineus m

Psoas m

Iliacus m

Iliac crest Urinary bladder

Gluteus medius m

Acetabulum Gluteus minimus m

Seminal vesicle Acetabular fossa

Obturator internus m

Femoral neck

Greater trochanter

Prostate Inferior pubic ramus

External obturator m

Vastus lateralis m Adductor magnus m

Ischiocavernosus m

Bulbospongiosus m

Bulb of penis

Ischial ramus

Lesser trochanter

PELVIS:  CT OF THE MALE PELVIS  535

Figure 22.3.9

S1 n root and sacral foramen

Thecal sac

Quadratus lumborum m

Sacrum

Internal iliac a and v Sacroiliac joint

Rectosigmoid colon

Gluteus medius m

Seminal vesicle

Gluteus minimus m

Distal rectum and anus Piriformis t

Obturator internus m

Ischiorectal fossa Ischium

Obturator externus m

Femur

Vastus lateralis and intermedius mm Bulb of penis

Bulbospongiosus m

Figure 22.3.10

Ischiocavernosus m

Multifidus m

Levator ani m

Iliocostalis and longissimus dorsi mm

Sacroiliac joint

Internal iliac a and v

Rectosigmoid colon

Gluteus medius m

Sciatic n Rectum

Gluteus maximus m

Superior gemellus m

Greater trochanter

Obturator internus t Inferior gemellus m Obturator internus m Ischium

Levator ani m

Distal rectum and anus

Ischiorectal fossa

Quadratus femoris m

536  PELVIS:  CT OF THE MALE PELVIS

Figure 22.3.11

Sigmoid colon

Multifidus m

Spinous process Iliocostalis m Longissimus dorsi m

Sacroiliac joint

Superior gluteal a and v

Piriformis m Rectum Gluteus maximus m

Ischial tuberosity

Inferior gluteal a and v Semimembranosus t

Levator ani m

Anal canal

Ischiorectal fossa

Semitendinosus m and biceps femoris t

23 Chapter

CT of the Female Pelvis

538  PELVIS:  CT OF THE FEMALE PELVIS

AXIAL Figure 23.1.1

Inferior Rectus Linea epigastric a and v abdominis m alba

Small bowel

Left external iliac a

Left external iliac v

Linea semilunaris Superior gluteal a Gluteus minimus m

Appendix

Gluteus medius m

Iliacus m

Psoas m

Sigmoid colon

Figure 23.1.2

Sacrum

Linea semilunaris

Left internal iliac a

Left Sacroiliac internal joint iliac v

Rectus abdominis m

Linea alba

Ilium

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & Gluteus vessels maximus m bone

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Inferior epigastric a and v Sigmoid colon Iliopsoas m

Anterior superior iliac spine Ilium Small bowel, ileum Gluteus minimus m

Right external iliac a

Gluteus medius m Right external iliac v Gluteus maximus m Uterus

Sacrum

Left ovary

Piriformis m

Left internal iliac a and v

PELVIS:  CT OF THE FEMALE PELVIS  539

Figure 23.1.3

Sigmoid colon

Inferior epigastric a and v

Linea alba

Rectus abdominis m

Linea semilunaris

Iliopsoas m

Right external iliac a

Ilium

Gluteus minimus m

Gluteus medius m

Right external iliac v

Gluteus maximus m Piriformis m

Figure 23.1.4

Rectosigmoid colon

Sacrum

Uterus

Left ovary

Left internal iliac a and v

Inferior Linea Rectus Sigmoid Linea epigastric Round semilunaris abdominis m colon alba a and v lig Sartorius m Right external iliac a Iliopsoas m

Right external iliac v

Anterior inferior iliac spine Gluteus minimus m

Ilium

Gluteus medius m Right ovary Gluteus maximus m

Piriformis m

Sacrum

Rectum Uterus

Left Left internal ovary iliac a and v

540  PELVIS:  CT OF THE FEMALE PELVIS

Figure 23.1.5

Inferior Right Rectus epigastric external vessels iliac v abdominis m

Linea alba

Uterine a and v

Iliopsoas m Sartorius m

Right external iliac a

Tensor fasciae latae m Femoral head

Sigmoid colon

Gluteus minimus m

Urinary bladder

Gluteus medius m Obturator internus m

Quadrilateral plate Gluteus maximus m Uterus

Figure 23.1.6

Uterosacral lig Coccyx

Ischiorectal fossa

Urinary bladder

Rectum

Left Left Rectus common common abdominis m femoral v femoral a Sartorius m Iliopsoas m

Iliopsoas m

Rectus femoris m

Acetabular fossa

Tensor fasciae latae m Anterior acetabular wall Gluteus medius m

Femoral head Gluteus medius m

Gluteus medius t

Gluteus minimus m

Obturator internus t Sciatic n

Posterior acetabular wall

Gluteus maximus m

Obturator internus m

Levator ani and coccygeus mm

Coccyx

Rectum

Uterine cervix

PELVIS:  CT OF THE FEMALE PELVIS  541

Figure 23.1.7

Right common femoral v

Rectus abdominis m

Pubis, superior ramus Pectineus m Sartorius m Iliopsoas m

Rectus femoris m

Right common femoral a

Tensor fasciae latae m

Urinary bladder

Gluteus medius m

Iliotibial tract

Obturator n and vessels

Gluteus minimus t Greater trochanter Inferior gemellus m

Femoral neck

Gluteus maximus m Levator ani m Vagina

Rectum

Ischiorectal fossa

Figure 23.1.8 Pubic symphysis

Pubic bone

Obturator Ischium internus m

Left Left superficial deep femoral femoral Pectineus m a and v a and v

Right common femoral a and v

Sartorius m Rectus femoris m Iliopsoas m Tensor fasciae latae m

Retropubic space of Retzius

Vastus lateralis m

Urethra

Iliotibial tract Femur Quadratus femoris m Sciatic n Gluteus maximus m

Obturator externus m

Ischial tuberosity Obturator internus m

Vagina

Anal canal

Levator ani m

Ischiorectal fossa

542  PELVIS:  CT OF THE FEMALE PELVIS

Figure 23.1.9 Urethra

Mons pubis

Left superficial femoral a and v

Left deep femoral a and v

Sartorius m

Rectus femoris m

Tensor fasciae latae m Pectineus m Vastus lateralis m

Adductor brevis m Iliotibial tract

Vastus intermedius m

Femur

Iliopsoas m Common hamstring t

Obturator externus m

Gluteus maximus m

Sciatic n

Ischial and pubic rami

Vagina, vestibule

Anal canal

Puborectalis m

Ischiorectal fossa

PELVIS:  CT OF THE FEMALE PELVIS  543

SAGITTAL Figure 23.2.1

Ascending colon

Ilium

Psoas m Gluteus medius m

Cecum

Gluteus maximus m

Iliacus m

Hip joint artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

Iliopsoas m Common femoral a

Pectineus m

Figure 23.2.2

Rectus abdominis m

Adductor brevis m

Small bowel, ileum

Obturator externus m

Psoas m

Ischium

Iliocostalis m

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Sacrum

Right external iliac a

Right internal iliac a

Right external iliac v

Urinary bladder Piriformis m Superior pubic ramus

Right ovary Gluteus maximus m

Pectineus m Obturator externus m Adductor brevis m

Adductor magnus m

Ischial ramus

Obturator internus m

Ischiorectal fossa

544  PELVIS:  CT OF THE FEMALE PELVIS

Figure 23.2.3

Rectus abdominis m

Small bowel, ileum

Iliocostalis lumborum m

Psoas m

Right external iliac a

Right common iliac v Right internal iliac a and v

Right gonadal v

Right ovary Piriformis m

Sigmoid colon Urinary bladder

Parametrium

Inferior pubic ramus

Levator ani m

Obturator externus m

Gluteus maximus m Pectineus and Obturator Ischial adductor brevis mm internus m ramus

Figure 23.2.4

Small bowel

Ischiocavernosus m

Superior Right common Thecal mesenteric a and v iliac a sac

Ischiorectal fossa

Multifidus m Right common iliac v

Sigmoid colon

L5 vertebral body Rectus abdominis m

Sacrum

Uterine body Urinary bladder Pubis

Vagina

Uterine cervix Anal canal

Rectum

PELVIS:  CT OF THE FEMALE PELVIS  545

Figure 23.2.5

Small bowel

Aortic bifurcation

Left common iliac v

L4 vertebral body

Rectus abdominis m

Thecal sac

Uterine fundus

Multifidus m

Uterine body

Sacrum

Sigmoid colon Urinary bladder

Coccyx

Pubic symphysis

Rectum

Urethra

Vagina

Uterine cervix

Anal canal

546  PELVIS:  CT OF THE FEMALE PELVIS

CORONAL Figure 23.3.1

Small bowel, jejunum Small bowel, ileum

Ascending colon Left inferior epigastric a and v

Anterior superior iliac spine

Iliacus m Tensor fasciae latae m

Inguinal lig

Sartorius m

Right inferior epigastric a and v

Inguinal lig

Mons pubis

Inguinal lymph nodes

Rectus femoris m

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

Figure 23.3.2 Small bowel Iliac crest

Gluteus medius m

Right common femoral a

Right common femoral v

Iliopsoas m

Urinary bladder

Symphysis pubis

Superior pubic ramus

Rectus femoris m

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

PELVIS:  CT OF THE FEMALE PELVIS  547

Figure 23.3.3

Sigmoid colon

Small bowel mesentery

Small bowel, jejunum

Descending colon

Ileocecal valve Ilium

Cecum Appendix

Iliacus m

Right external iliac a

Gluteus medius m

Right external iliac v

Psoas m Iliopsoas m

Superior pubic ramus

Tensor fasciae latae m

Deep femoral a and v

Figure 23.3.4

Ascending colon

Urinary bladder

Clitoris

Superior mesenteric a and v

Adductor Pectineus m Rectus longus m femoris m

Small bowel, Descending jejunum colon

Transversus abdominis m

Small bowel mesentery

Internal oblique m

Cecum

External oblique m Iliac crest

Appendix Right external iliac a Gluteus medius m

Right external iliac v

Iliacus m Psoas m

Sigmoid colon

Iliopsoas m

Urinary bladder

Tensor fasciae latae m Superior pubic ramus

Pubic symphysis

Adductor longus m

Pectineus m

Rectus femoris m

548  PELVIS:  CT OF THE FEMALE PELVIS

Figure 23.3.5

Ascending colon

Ileocolic a and v

Right common Small bowel, Descending Transversus jejunum abdominis m iliac a colon External oblique m

Inferior mesenteric a

Internal oblique m Cecum

Gluteus medius m

Psoas m Left external iliac a and v Gluteus minimus m

Ilium Iliacus m

Iliopsoas m

Acetabulum Femoral head

Vastus intermedius m

Urinary bladder

Tensor fasciae latae m Vastus lateralis m Sigmoid colon

Superior pubic ramus

Figure 23.3.6

Cecum

Inferior vena cava

Aortic bifurcation

Obturator externus m

Inferior mesenteric a

Adductor brevis and adductor magnus mm

Small bowel, jejunum

Pectineus m

Sigmoid colon Iliac crest

Right ureter

Urinary bladder

Right common iliac a

Gluteus medius m

Psoas m

Gluteus minimus m Iliacus m

Femoral head

Acetabular roof

Femoral neck Greater trochanter

Acetabular fossa

Iliopsoas m

Obturator internus m

Vastus lateralis and vastus intermedius mm Iliotibial tract

Obturator externus m Adductor brevis Ischiocavernosus m Bulbospongiosus m Superior Pectineus m pubic ramus and adductor magnus mm

PELVIS:  CT OF THE FEMALE PELVIS  549

Figure 23.3.7

Inferior vena cava

Aortic bifurcation

Left common iliac v

Left common Sigmoid colon iliac a

Ascending colon

Iliac crest

Right common iliac v

Gluteus medius m

Acetabulum

Psoas m

Gluteus minimus m

Iliacus m

Femoral head Right external iliac v

Femoral neck Greater trochanter

Urinary bladder

Iliopsoas m

Obturator internus m

Iliotibial tract

Obturator externus m

Pectineus m

Inferior pubic ramus

Vastus lateralis and vastus intermedius mm Bulbospongiosus m Adductor brevis Ischiocavernosus m Labium minus pudendi and adductor magnus mm

Figure 23.3.8

Ascending colon

L4 vertebral body

Left common iliac v

Urethra

Left ovary Gluteus medius m

Psoas m Iliacus m

Ilium Right common iliac v

Gluteus minimus m Acetabulum

Right ovary

Femoral head

Urinary bladder

Greater trochanter

Iliotibial tract

Femoral neck Vastus lateralis and vastus intermedius mm

Obturator internus m Obturator externus m

Vagina

Inferior pubic ramus

Adductor brevis and adductor magnus mm

Pectineus m

550  PELVIS:  CT OF THE FEMALE PELVIS

Figure 23.3.9

L4 vertebral body

L5 vertebral body

Left common iliac v Iliac crest

Psoas m

Sigmoid colon Gluteus maximus m

Iliacus m Right internal iliac a and v

Left gonadal v Left ovary

Right gonadal v

Gluteus minimus m Acetabulum

Right ovary Urinary bladder

Femoral head Greater trochanter Uterus

Obturator internus m

Vastus lateralis m Obturator externus m

Figure 23.3.10

Inferior pubic ramus

Urogenital diaphragm

L4 vertebral body

Vagina

Adductor magnus m

L5 vertebral body

L5-S1 intervertebral disc

Psoas m Iliac crest

Lumbar plexus

Left internal iliac a and v

Right internal iliac a and v

Sacroiliac joint

Gluteus medius m

Uterus Uterine a and v Greater trochanter

Gluteus minimus m

Obturator internus m Vastus lateralis m

Piriformis t Obturator internus t and gemelli mm

Quadratus femoris m

Urogenital diaphragm

Vagina

Ischium

PELVIS:  CT OF THE FEMALE PELVIS  551

Figure 23.3.11

Quadratus Ilium lumborum m Psoas m

Thecal sac

Sacrum

Sacroiliac joint Left internal iliac a and v

Gluteus medius m

Uterine body

Gluteus maximus m

Piriformis m

Obturator internus and superior gemellus mm

Uterine cervix and vagina

Levator ani m Inferior gemellus m Obturator internus m Quadratus femoris m

Figure 23.3.12

Ischium

Ischiorectal fossa

Anal canal

Longissimus dorsi m

Rectum

Multifidus m

Ilium Gluteus medius m Sacroiliac joint

Gluteus maximus m

S1 n root

Piriformis m Inferior gluteal a and v

Levator ani m Ischiorectal fossa

Anal canal

Rectum

24 Chapter

MRI of the Male Pelvis

PELVIS:  MRI OF THE MALE PELVIS  553

AXIAL Figure 24.1.1

Umbilicus

Rectus abdominis m Small bowel Ascending colon Common iliac a

External oblique m Internal oblique m

Common iliac v L5 vertebral body Thecal sac

Transversus abdominis m Descending colon Iliac crest Psoas m

Spinous process

Iliocostalis lumborum m Longissimus lumborum m artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

Figure 24.1.2

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Linea alba

Small bowel Left internal iliac v Ascending colon Left internal iliac a Right common iliac a Common iliac v Thecal sac

Rectus abdominis m Descending colon External oblique m Internal oblique m Transversus abdominis m Ilium Iliacus m Gluteus medius m Psoas m Erector spinae mm

554  PELVIS:  MRI OF THE MALE PELVIS

Figure 24.1.3 Rectus abdominis m

Linea alba Small bowel

Abdominal wall mm

External iliac a Cecum

Anterior superior iliac spine

External iliac v

Descending colon Psoas m

Internal iliac v

Gluteus medius m

Internal iliac a Sacral ala

Iliacus m Sacroiliac joint

S1 n root

Gluteus maximus m Erector spinae mm

Sacral thecal sac

Figure 24.1.4

Linea alba Inferior epigastric vessels Linea semilunaris Abdominal wall mm Small bowel External iliac a External iliac v Sciatic n and superior gluteal a Piriformis m

Rectus abdominis m Sigmoid colon Iliopsoas m Gluteus medius m Gluteus minimus m Ilium Gluteus maximus m

Sacrum Erector spinae mm tendinous aponeurosis

PELVIS:  MRI OF THE MALE PELVIS  555

Figure 24.1.5

Linea alba Obliterated umbilical aa Inferior epigastric vessels External iliac a External iliac v Anterior inferior iliac spine Vas deferens Small bowel Obturator and inferior gluteal vessels

Rectus abdominis m Anterolateral abdominal wall Iliopsoas m Innominate bone Gluteus minimus m Gluteus medius m Piriformis m Gluteus maximus m

Sigmoid colon Rectum Sacrum

Figure 24.1.6 Rectus abdominis m Sartorius m

Sigmoid colon

Iliopsoas m Gluteus minimus m Gluteus medius m Femoral head Vas deferens

Rectum

Obturator internus m

Sacrum

Gluteus maximus m

556  PELVIS:  MRI OF THE MALE PELVIS

Figure 24.1.7 Urinary bladder, muscular wall

Rectus abdominis m Iliopsoas m

Common femoral a and v

Sartorius m Tensor fasciae latae m Rectus femoris t Gluteus medius m Gluteus minimus m Innominate bone Obturator internus m Gluteus maximus m

Urinary bladder, lumen Seminal vesicles Femoral head Greater trochanter Innominate bone Ischial spine Rectum

Coccyx

Figure 24.1.8 Lymph node

Pectineus m Sartorius m

Common femoral a and v

Iliopsoas m

Urinary bladder, lumen Urinary bladder, muscular wall Seminal vesicle Greater trochanter Sciatic n

Rectus femoris m Gluteus minimus m Gluteus medius m

Rectum Coccyx

Tensor fasciae latae m

Femoral head Gemelli mm and obturator internus t Gluteus maximus m Obturator internus m

PELVIS:  MRI OF THE MALE PELVIS  557

Figure 24.1.9

Spermatic cord

Pubic symphysis

Pectineus m Sartorius m Common femoral a and v

Lymph node Rectus abdominis mm and t

Tensor fasciae latae m

Pubis

Rectus femoris m

Urinary bladder

Gluteus minimus and medius mm

IIiotibial band Prostate gland, central gland

Iliopsoas m Femoral neck Ischium

Rectum

Gluteus maximus m Obturator internus m Levator ani m

Figure 24.1.10

Spermatic cord Greater saphenous v

Pectineus m Sartorius m Rectus femoris m Tensor fasciae latae m

Superficial femoral a Profunda femoris a

Iliopsoas m Vastus lateralis m

Femoral v IIiotibial band

Obturator externus m Femur

Ischiocavernosus m

Obturator internus m Gluteus maximus m Quadratus femoris m

Urethra, prostatic segment

Rectum

Ischial tuberosity

Sciatic n

558  PELVIS:  MRI OF THE MALE PELVIS

Figure 24.1.11

Penis, corpus cavernosum Adductor brevis m

Spermatic cord Greater saphenous v

Pectineus m Sartorius m Rectus femoris m

Lymph node Superficial femoral a Profunda femoris a

Tensor fasciae latae m

Femoral v Tunica albuginea

Iliopsoas m Vastus lateralis m Femur Lesser trochanter

Penis, corpus spongiosum

Quadratus femoris m Gluteus maximus m Semimembranosus t

Ischiocavernosus m

Conjoined t, semitendinosus m, and biceps femoris m Anal canal Adductor Ischium magnus m

Figure 24.1.12

Corpus cavernosum, penis

Testis Greater saphenous v

Corpus spongiosum, penis Rectus femoris m Vastus lateralis m

Adductor longus m Superficial femoral a and v

Sartorius m

Adductor brevis m

Vastus intermedius m

Adductor magnus m

Femur

Sciatic n Gluteus maximus m

Semimembranosus t

Gracilis m

Semitendinosus m

Biceps femoris m and t, long head

PELVIS:  MRI OF THE MALE PELVIS  559

SAGITTAL Figure 24.2.1 Gluteus medius m Iliacus m

Iliopsoas m Ilium Femoral vessels Lymph node

Adductor brevis m Adductor longus m

Piriformis m Gluteus maximus m Superior gemellus m Femoral head artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Obturator Adductor Semimembranosus t Semitendinosus m externus m magnus m

Figure 24.2.2 Small bowel Ascending colon Abdominal wall mm

Iliacus m

Iliopsoas m Common femoral vessels

Piriformis m Sciatic n

Pit (fovea) of femoral head for lig. teres

Gluteus maximus m

Pectineus m

Obturator externus m Ischial tuberosity Semimembranosus t

Greater saphenous v Adductor brevis m Adductor longus m

Superior gemellus m

Conjoined t of semitendinosus and biceps femoris mm Adductor magnus m Semitendinosus m

560  PELVIS:  MRI OF THE MALE PELVIS

Figure 24.2.3

Erector spinae mm

Small bowel Psoas m

Ilium

Abdominal wall mm

Iliacus m

Cecum External iliac vessels

Piriformis m Sciatic n

Superior pubic ramus

Gluteus maximus m Obturator foramen Obturator externus m Ischium

Lymph node Pectineus m

Adductor brevis m

Adductor magnus m, ischiocondylar (hamstring) part Adductor magnus m

Adductor longus m

Figure 24.2.4 Erector spinae mm Psoas m

Small bowel

Ilium Sacroiliac joint

Abdominal wall mm External iliac a

Sacrum Superior gluteal a Piriformis m

External iliac v

Inferior gluteal a Internal iliac vessels

Superior pubic ramus Gluteus maximus m

Pectineus m

Obturator internus m

Adductor brevis m

Obturator externus m

Adductor longus m

Adductor magnus m

Ischial ramus

PELVIS:  MRI OF THE MALE PELVIS  561

Figure 24.2.5 Erector spinae mm Psoas m External iliac v External iliac a Small bowel

Ilium Sacrum

Rectus abdominis m

Piriformis m

Sigmoid colon

Internal iliac vessels Gluteus maximus m

Superior pubic ramus

Levator ani m

Spermatic cord

Obturator internus m

Pectineus m

Obturator externus m

Adductor brevis m Adductor longus m Gracilis m

Ischial ramus

Figure 24.2.6

Erector spinae mm External iliac v External iliac a Small bowel

Psoas m

Sacrum Internal iliac vessels

Sigmoid colon Rectus abdominis m Urinary bladder

Piriformis m Seminal vesicle Levator ani m Gluteus maximus m Obturator internus m Ischiocavernosus m

Pectineus m Spermatic cord Adductor brevis m

Ischial ramus

Testis

Gracilis m

Adductor longus m

Obturator externus m

562  PELVIS:  MRI OF THE MALE PELVIS

Figure 24.2.7

Psoas m Erector spinae mm Common iliac a

Internal iliac v

Internal iliac a Small bowel

Sacrum Piriformis m Seminal vesicle

Rectus abdominis m Sigmoid colon Superior pubic ramus

Rectum Levator ani m Gluteus maximus m

Urinary bladder Spermatic cord Adductor brevis m Adductor longus m Testis

Obturator internus m Penis, corpus cavernosum, and ischiocavernosus mm Ischial ramus Gracilis m

Obturator externus m

Figure 24.2.8 Common iliac a Small bowel Rectus abdominis m Seminal vesicle Sigmoid colon Urinary bladder Pubic bone Obturator externus and adductor brevis mm Spermatic cord Testis

Erector spinae mm Internal iliac a Internal iliac v Sacrum

Gluteus maximus m Rectum Levator ani and coccygeus mm Obturator internus m Penis, corpus cavernosum

PELVIS:  MRI OF THE MALE PELVIS  563

Figure 24.2.9

L4 n root Erector spinae mm

Common iliac a

L5 vertebral body

Common iliac v

S1 n root and sacral foramen Sacrum Internal iliac v

Small bowel

Sigmoid colon

Rectus abdominis m

Rectum Urinary bladder

Levator ani and coccygeus mm

Pubis

Seminal vesicle Prostate gland

Testis

Penis, corpus cavernosum

Figure 24.2.10

Inferior vena cava Common iliac a

Erector spinae mm L5 vertebral body S1 n root and sacral foramen

Rectus abdominis m Small bowel

Sacrum

Sigmoid colon Rectum Coccyx

Urinary bladder Pubis Penis

Testis

Seminal vesicle Prostate gland Penis, corpus cavernosum

564  PELVIS:  MRI OF THE MALE PELVIS

Figure 24.2.11 Intervertebral disc

Small bowel

L4 vertebral body Erector spinae mm Sacrum

Sigmoid colon Rectus abdominis m Urinary bladder

Rectum Coccyx

Pubis

Seminal vesicle

Penis

Prostate gland Anus Penis, corpus spongiosum

Testis

Figure 24.2.12

Common iliac a

Small bowel

Rectus abdominis m Urinary bladder

Thecal sac L4 spinous process Intervertebral disc Sacrum Erector spinae mm, common tendinous insertion Sigmoid colon Seminal vesicle Coccyx

Pubic symphysis Penis

Rectum Prostate gland Anus

Testis

Bulb of penis

PELVIS:  MRI OF THE MALE PELVIS  565

CORONAL Figure 24.3.1 Anterolateral abdominal wall mm Rectus abdominis m

Superficial circumflex iliac vessels

Spermatic cord

Inguinal lymph nodes

Sartorius m

Suspensory lig

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

Penis, corpus cavernosum Urethra

Testis

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

Penis, corpus spongiosum

Figure 24.3.2 Anterolateral abdominal wall mm

Loops of bowel Inferior epigastric vessels Common femoral a Pubic symphysis Penis, corpus spongiosum Greater saphenous v

Iliac crest

Iliopsoas m Tensor fasciae latae m Common femoral v Penis, corpus cavernosum Rectus femoris m Sartorius m

Testis

566  PELVIS:  MRI OF THE MALE PELVIS

Figure 24.3.3

Anterolateral abdominal wall mm Descending colon Ilium

Cecum and ascending colon

Iliacus m Gluteus minimus m Tensor fasciae latae m Rectus femoris t, straight head Iliopsoas m

External iliac v External iliac a Urinary bladder Pubic symphysis

Superior pubic ramus Rectus femoris m

Lateral femoral circumflex vessels Penis, corpus cavernosum

Pectineus m

Penis, corpus spongiosum

Adductor longus m Vastus lateralis m Vastus intermedius m Superficial femoral vessels

Figure 24.3.4

Abdominal wall mm Common iliac aa Psoas m Ilium Iliacus m Gluteus minimus m Gluteus medius m

External iliac v

Rectus femoris t, reflected head

Sigmoid colon Femoral head

Hip joint

Urinary bladder

Superior pubic ramus Iliopsoas m Medial femoral circumflex vessels

Obturator externus m Pectineus m Penis, corpus cavernosum

Tensor fasciae latae m Adductor brevis m Vastus intermedius m Vastus lateralis m

Gracilis m

Adductor longus m

Penis, corpus spongiosum

PELVIS:  MRI OF THE MALE PELVIS  567

Figure 24.3.5

Abdominal wall mm Psoas m Gluteus medius m Iliacus m

Internal iliac aa

Gluteus minimus m Acetabular roof Pit (fovea) of femoral head for lig. teres Femoral head

Sigmoid colon Urinary bladder

Obturator internus m Iliopsoas m

Prostate gland Penis, corpus cavernosum

Obturator externus m Adductor brevis m

Vastus lateralis m

Pectineus m

Gracilis m

Adductor magnus m

Vastus intermedius m

Adductor longus m Penis, corpus spongiosum

Figure 24.3.6 Psoas m

Common iliac aa L5 vertebral body

Iliacus m

Internal iliac aa

Gluteus medius m

Sigmoid colon

Gluteus minimus m

Urinary bladder

Hip joint Gluteus minimus t Obturator internus m

Prostate gland

Obturator externus m

Prostate gland, peripheral zone

Iliopsoas m Adductor brevis m

Penis, corpus cavernosum

Adductor magnus m Vastus lateralis m Femur

Penis, corpus spongiosum

Gracilis m

568  PELVIS:  MRI OF THE MALE PELVIS

Figure 24.3.7

Psoas m Iliacus m Internal iliac vessels Gluteus medius m Gluteus minimus m

Sigmoid colon

Ilium

Seminal vesicles Iliotibial band Prostate gland Lesser trochanter Ischial ramus

Femoral head Greater trochanter Obturator internus m Obturator externus m Adductor brevis m Ischiocavernosus m Vastus lateralis m Adductor magnus m

Figure 24.3.8

Psoas m Iliacus m Sacrum Gluteus medius m Sacroiliac joint

Internal iliac vessels Sigmoid colon

Gluteus minimus m

Seminal vesicles Piriformis t

Vas deferens Obturator internus m Gluteus medius t Greater trochanter

Levator ani m Intertrochanteric crest

Ischiorectal fossa

Lesser trochanter

Vastus lateralis m Adductor magnus m

Distal rectum and anus

PELVIS:  MRI OF THE MALE PELVIS  569

Figure 24.3.9 Sacroiliac joint

Internal iliac vessels

Gluteus medius m Gluteus maximus m

Sigmoid colon

Vas deferens

Levator ani m

Seminal vesicles Obturator internus t and gemelli mm

Rectum Obturator internus m

Ischium Quadratus femoris m Iliotibial band

Vastus lateralis m Adductor magnus m

Distal rectum and anus

Figure 24.3.10

Erector spinae mm Multifidus m Gluteus medius m Sacroiliac joint Sacrum Sigmoid colon

Gluteus maximus m Piriformis m

Rectum Obturator internus m Ischial tuberosity Adductor magnus m, ischiocondylar (hamstring) part

Levator ani m Semitendinosus and biceps femoris tt

Anal canal Biceps femoris m Semitendinosus m Semimembranosus m

570  PELVIS:  MRI OF THE MALE PELVIS

Figure 24.3.11 Erector spinae mm Ilium Sacroiliac joint

Sacrum

Piriformis m

Rectum

Gluteus maximus m

Levator ani m

Coccyx

Biceps femoris m Anus

Semimembranosus m Semitendinosus m

Figure 24.3.12 Erector spinae mm Ilium

Sacrum Gluteus maximus m Coccyx

Semitendinosus m

25 Chapter

MRI of the Female Pelvis

572  PELVIS:  MRI OF THE FEMALE PELVIS

AXIAL Figure 25.1.1

Psoas m Ascending colon

External iliac vessels

Loops of small bowel

Sigmoid colon

Descending colon

Ilium

Iliacus m

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

Gluteus medius m Sacroiliac joint Gluteus maximus m

Internal iliac vessels

Figure 25.1.2

Iliacus m

Psoas m

Sacrum

External iliac Loops of Rectus Descending vessels colon small bowel abdominis m

Anterior superior iliac spine Gluteus minimus m Gluteus medius m

Superior gluteal vessels Gluteus maximus m

Rectum

Piriformis m

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

PELVIS:  MRI OF THE FEMALE PELVIS  573

Figure 25.1.3

Rectus Uterine Myometrium, peripheral zone abdominus m fundus Left ovary

External iliac vessels

Iliopsoas m Ilium

Gluteus minimus m

Endometrial canal

Gluteus medius m Myometrium, junctional zone

Sciatic n Piriformis m

Gluteus maximus m

Rectum

Figure 25.1.4

Right ovary

Loops of small bowel

Myometrium, peripheral Rectus zone abdominis m

Left ovary Iliopsoas m

Sartorius m Gluteus minimus m Gluteus medius m

Ilium

Myometrium, junctional zone

Obturator internus m Sciatic n

Gluteus maximus m

Piriformis m

Loops of small bowel Rectum

Internal os, cervix

574  PELVIS:  MRI OF THE FEMALE PELVIS

Figure 25.1.5

Rectus Urinary bladder, Urinary bladder, Sartorius m Iliopsoas m abdominis m lumen muscular wall

Anterior inferior iliac spine

Obturator n and vessels

Ilium Obturator internus m Endocervical canal

Gluteus medius m

Figure 25.1.6

Gluteus Sciatic n minimus m

Femoral vessels

Rectum Cervical stroma

Urinary bladder, lumen

Gluteus maximus m

Urinary bladder, muscular wall Sartorius m Tensor fasciae latae m Iliopsoas m Gluteus minimus m Gluteus medius m

Greater trochanter

Femoral head Ischial spine

Obturator internus m Sciatic n

Ischiorectal fossa

Rectum

Vagina

Gluteus maximus m

PELVIS:  MRI OF THE FEMALE PELVIS  575

Figure 25.1.7

Urethra

Urinary Femoral bladder Pectineus m vessels

Sartorius m Iliopsoas m Rectus femoris m Tensor fasciae latae m Gluteus medius m Femoral head Obturator internus m Quadratus femoris m

Greater trochanter

Sciatic n

Levator ani m

Figure 25.1.8

Pectineus m

Rectum

Adductor brevis m Urethra

Vagina

Ischium

Vagina

Gluteus maximus m

Femoral Rectus vessels Sartorius m femoris m Tensor fasciae latae m Vastus lateralis m

Iliotibial band Inferior pubic ramus

Iliopsoas m Femur Obturator externus m Semimembranosus t

Sciatic n

Gluteus maximus m

Anus

Ischium

Conjoined t of semitendinosus and biceps femoris mm

576  PELVIS:  MRI OF THE FEMALE PELVIS

SAGITTAL Figure 25.2.1

Sacrum Psoas m

Ilium

Rectus abdominis m Internal iliac vessels Piriformis m Inferior gluteal a Obturator n Superior pubic ramus Obturator vessels Pectineus m Adductor brevis m Adductor longus m

Gluteus maximus m Obturator internus m Obturator externus m Ischium Adductor magnus m, ischiocondylar (hamstring) part Adductor magnus m

Figure 25.2.2 Erector spinae mm Psoas m Ilium Sacrum

Rectus abdominis m

Internal iliac vessels Piriformis m Loops of small bowel Ovary

Urinary bladder

Pectineus m

Gluteus maximus m Obturator internus m Obturator externus m

Adductor brevis m Adductor longus m

Adductor magnus m

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

PELVIS:  MRI OF THE FEMALE PELVIS  577

Figure 25.2.3

Psoas m

Erector spinae mm

Sacrum Rectus abdominis m

Piriformis m Loops of small bowel

Parametrium Urinary bladder, muscular wall

Gluteus maximus m

Urinary bladder, lumen Pubic ramus

Obturator internus m

Pectineus m

Obturator externus m

Adductor brevis m Adductor longus m

Adductor magnus m

Figure 25.2.4

Erector spinae mm Rectus abdominis m Common iliac vessels Sacrum

Loops of small bowel Urinary bladder, muscular wall Urinary bladder, lumen

Parametrium

Levator ani m

578  PELVIS:  MRI OF THE FEMALE PELVIS

Figure 25.2.5 L5 vertebral body

Common iliac vessels

L5-S1 intervertebral disc Sacrum (S2 vertebra)

Rectus abdominis m Loops of small bowel

Urinary bladder, muscular wall

Parametrium Rectum

Urinary bladder, lumen

Pubis

Vagina

Anus

Figure 25.2.6 L5 vertebral body

Spinal canal

L5-S1 intervertebral disc Sacrum (S1 vertebra) Sigmoid colon Loops of small bowel Uterine corpus

Uterine cervix

Rectus abdominis m Urinary bladder, muscular wall Urinary bladder, lumen

Rectum Coccyx

Vagina Pubis Urethra

Anus

PELVIS:  MRI OF THE FEMALE PELVIS  579

Figure 25.2.7 L4-5 intervertebral disc L5 vertebral body

Sacrum (S1 vertebra)

L5-S1 intervertebral disc Myometrium, peripheral zone Myometrium, junctional zone

Cervical stroma

Endometrial canal

Uterine cervix

Rectus abdominus m

Rectosigmoid colon

Uterus Urinary bladder, muscular wall

Small bowel

Urinary bladder, lumen

Endocervical canal

Vagina, posterior fornix

Vagina Pubic symphysis

580  PELVIS:  MRI OF THE FEMALE PELVIS

CORONAL Figure 25.3.1

Umbilicus

Anterior superior iliac spine

Internal oblique m Iliohypogastric n

Inguinal lymph nodes

Iliacus m Rectus abdominis tt

Sartorius m

Inguinal lymph node

artery arteries vein veins muscle muscles tendon tendons nerve nerves ligament ligaments nerve & vessels bone

Mons pubis

Figure 25.3.2

Umbilicus

Rectus abdominis m

Abdominal wall mm, anterolateral group

Iliac crest Iliacus m

Tensor fasciae latae m

Tensor fasciae latae m Femoral v

Superior pubic ramus

Femoral a Femoral n Pectineus m

Rectus femoris m

Mons pubis

= = = = = = = = = = = =

a aa v vv m mm t tt n nn lig ligs

PELVIS:  MRI OF THE FEMALE PELVIS  581

Figure 25.3.3 Abdominal wall mm Descending colon Loops of small bowel

Ascending colon

Iliac crest Gluteus minimus m Iliacus m Gluteus medius m Rectus femoris t, straight head

Urinary bladder Femoral vessels

Iliopsoas m Pubic symphysis

Superior pubic ramus

Tensor fasciae latae m

Labium majus pudendi

Pectineus m

Great Clitoris and saphenous v frenulum

Adductor longus m

Figure 25.3.4

Descending colon

Ascending colon

Psoas m

Common iliac a

Iliacus m Myometrium, peripheral zone Myometrium, junctional zone

Endometrial canal

Gluteus medius m Gluteus minimus m Urinary bladder Femoral head Obturator internus m Obturator externus m Pectineus m

Rectus femoris t, reflected head

Labium majus pundendi

Adductor longus m

Vastus intermedius and lateralis mm

582  PELVIS:  MRI OF THE FEMALE PELVIS

Figure 25.3.5 Abdominal wall mm Psoas m L5 vertebral body L5-S1 intervertebral disc Iliacus m

Internal iliac vessels

Gluteus minimus m Myometrium, peripheral zone Gluteus medius m Left ovary Urinary bladder Obturator internus m Obturator externus m

Loops of small bowel Myometrium, junctional zone Right ovary Endometrial canal Hip joint capsule Femoral neck

Adductor brevis and magnus mm

Urethra

Gracilis m

Figure 25.3.6 Abdominal wall mm Psoas m

L5 vertebral body

Sacrum Gluteus medius m Uterine cervix Gluteus medius m

Ilium

Endocervical canal Gluteus minimus m Obturator internus m

Cervical stroma Hip joint capsule

Greater trochanter

Femoral neck Femoral head

Quadratus femoris m Femur Adductor magnus m Gracilis m

Vagina

Vastus lateralis and intermedius mm

PELVIS:  MRI OF THE FEMALE PELVIS  583

Figure 25.3.7 Thecal sac

Quadratus lumborum m

Ilium Gluteus medius m Sacrum

S1 n root

Rectosigmoid colon

Sacroiliac joint Cervical stroma Gluteus maximus m

Uterine cervix

Endocervical canal Obturator internus t and gemelli mm

Greater trochanter Ischioanal fossa

Intertrochanteric crest

Lesser trochanter

Adductor magnus m

Vagina

Figure 25.3.8 Erector spinae mm

Ilium Rectosigmoid colon Superior gluteal vessels

Sacrum Sacroiliac joint

Inferior gluteal vessels

Piriformis m

Loops of small bowel

Gluteus maximus m

Levator ani m Sciatic n

Vagina Obturator internus m

Ischium

Ischioanal fossa

Semimembranosus t

Semitendinosus m

Anal canal

584  PELVIS:  MRI OF THE FEMALE PELVIS

Figure 25.3.9

Erector spinae mm Dorsal ilium Sacrum Piriformis m

Levator ani m

Gluteus maximus m

Anus

Index A A1 pulley axial view, of hand, 202, 204 sagittal view, of hand, 209 A2 pulley axial view, of hand, 204 sagittal view, of hand, 209, 210 A3 pulley, sagittal view, of hand, 209, 210 A4 pulley, sagittal view, of hand, 209 A5 pulley, sagittal view, of hand, 209 Abdominal aorta coronal view, of thorax CT, 454, 455 sagittal view of heart MRI, 465 of thorax CT, 451 Abdominal wall m. axial view, of male pelvis MRI, 554, 555 coronal view of abdomen CT, 487 of female pelvis MRI, 580, 581, 582 of lumbar spine, 435, 436 of male pelvis MRI, 565, 566, 567 sagittal view, of male pelvis MRI, 559, 560 Abductor digiti minimi m. axial view of ankle, 357, 358 of foot, 389, 390 coronal view of ankle, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378 of foot, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407 of hand, 215, 216 oblique axial view, of ankle, 362, 363, 364 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 197t, 382–384t sagittal view of ankle, 366, 367, 368 of foot, 391, 392, 393 of hand, 211, 212, 213 Abductor digiti minimi t. axial view of foot, 390 of hand, 198, 199, 200, 202, 203 coronal view, of foot, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406 oblique axial view, of ankle, 364 sagittal view, of foot, 391 Abductor hallucis m. axial view of ankle, 355, 356, 357 of foot, 386, 387, 388 coronal view of ankle, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377 of foot, 404, 405, 406, 407 oblique axial view, of ankle, 362, 363, 364 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 382–384t sagittal view of ankle, 370, 371 of foot, 395, 396, 397

Abductor hallucis t. axial view, of foot, 388 coronal view, of foot, 400, 401, 402, 404, 405, 406, 407 oblique axial view, of ankle, 363, 364 sagittal view, of foot, 396, 397, 398 Abductor pollicis brevis m. axial view, of hand, 198, 199, 200, 201 coronal view, of hand, 214 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 197t sagittal view, of hand, 206, 207, 208 Abductor pollicis brevis t., sagittal view, of hand, 205, 206 Abductor pollicis longus m. axial view, of forearm, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155 coronal view, of forearm, 167, 168 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 128 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 144–145t sagittal view, of forearm, 158, 159, 160 Abductor pollicis longus t. axial view, of forearm, 151, 152, 153 coronal view, of hand, 214, 215 sagittal view, of forearm, 158 Accessory cephalic v. axial view of elbow, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124 of forearm, 146 oblique coronal, of elbow, 134, 135 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 125, 126 sagittal view, of forearm, 156 Accessory collateral ligs. axial view, of hand, 204 coronal view, of hand, 216 Accessory flexor digitorum longus m. axial view, of ankle, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355 coronal view, of ankle, 378 sagittal view, of ankle, 369 Accessory hemiazygos v. axial view, of thoracic spine, 415 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 482 of thoracic spine, 418 Acetabular fossa axial view of female pelvis CT, 540 of hip, 227 of hip arthrogram, 255, 253, 254 of male pelvis CT, 525 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 548 of hip, 245, 246 of hip arthrogram, 265 of male pelvis CT, 534 sagittal view of hip, 240 of hip arthrogram, 261

Acetabular lig., transverse axial view, of hip arthrogram, 254, 255 coronal view, of hip arthrogram, 262, 263, 264, 265 sagittal view, of hip arthrogram, 260, 261 Acetabular roof coronal view of female pelvis CT, 548 of hip, 245, 246 of male pelvis MRI, 567 sagittal view of hip, 238, 239 of hip arthrogram, 257, 258, 259, 260 Acetabular wall, anterior axial view of female pelvis CT, 540 of hip, 226, 227 sagittal view of hip, 239, 240 of hip arthrogram, 259, 260 Acetabular wall, posterior axial view of female pelvis CT, 540 of hip, 226, 227 sagittal view of hip, 239 of hip arthrogram, 259 Acetabulum axial view, of male pelvis CT, 525 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 548, 549, 550 of hip, 245 of male pelvis CT, 533, 534 Achilles t. axial view of ankle, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357 of leg, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333 coronal view of ankle, 380 of leg, 344, 345 gastrocnemius part, coronal view, of leg, 345 oblique axial view, of ankle, 359, 360 sagittal view of ankle, 366, 367, 368 of leg, 338, 339 Acromioclavicular joint axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 5 of shoulder, 36, 37 coronal view of arm, 108, 109 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 26, 27 oblique coronal view of shoulder, 58, 59 of shoulder arthrogram, 79 oblique sagittal view of shoulder, 51, 52 of shoulder arthrogram, 74

Note: Page numbers followed by t indicate tables. a. 5 artery; ABER 5 abduction external rotation; lig. 5 ligament; ligs. 5 ligaments; m. 5 muscle; n. 5 nerve; t. 5 tendon; v. 5 vein

586  Index Acromioclavicular lig. oblique sagittal view, of shoulder, 52 superior, oblique sagittal view, of shoulder arthrogram, 76, 77 Acromion ABER view, of shoulder arthrogram, 84, 85, 86, 87 angle of, oblique coronal view of shoulder, 62, 63 axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 5 of shoulder, 36, 37 coronal view of arm, 108, 109, 110 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 26, 27, 28, 29 oblique coronal view of shoulder, 59, 60, 61, 62 of shoulder arthrogram, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83 oblique sagittal view of shoulder, 49, 50, 51, 52 of shoulder arthrogram, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77 sagittal view of arm, 102, 103, 104 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 15, 16 Adductor aponeurosis, sagittal view, of hand, 205, 205, 206 Adductor brevis m. axial view of female pelvis CT, 542 of female pelvis MRI, 575 of hip, 229, 230, 231, 232 of male pelvis CT, 527 of male pelvis MRI, 558 of thigh, 269, 270, 270, 271 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 548, 549 of female pelvis MRI, 582 of hip, 244, 245, 246 of male pelvis CT, 533, 534 of male pelvis MRI, 566, 567, 568 of thigh, 289, 290 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 268t sagittal view of female pelvis CT, 543, 544 of female pelvis MRI, 576, 577 of hip, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242 of male pelvis CT, 528, 529 of male pelvis MRI, 559, 560, 561, 562 of thigh, 283, 284, 285 Adductor canal, axial view, of thigh, 275 Adductor hallucis m., oblique head axial view, of foot, 387, 388, 389 coronal view, of foot, 403, 404, 405 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 382–384t sagittal view, of foot, 393, 394, 395, 396 Adductor hallucis m., transverse head axial view, of foot, 389 coronal view, of foot, 401, 402, 403 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 382–384t sagittal view, of foot, 393, 394 Adductor longus m. axial view of hip, 229, 230, 231, 232 of male pelvis CT, 527 of male pelvis MRI, 558 of thigh, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 547 of female pelvis MRI, 581 of hip, 243, 244, 245 of male pelvis CT, 531, 532 of male pelvis MRI, 566, 567 of thigh, 288, 289, 290 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 268t sagittal view of female pelvis MRI, 576, 577 of hip, 239, 240, 241, 242 of male pelvis MRI, 559, 560, 561, 562 of thigh, 282, 283, 285 Adductor longus t., axial view, of male pelvis CT, 527 Adductor magnus m. axial view of hip, 230, 231, 232 of male pelvis CT, 527 of male pelvis MRI, 558 of thigh, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275

Adductor magnus m. (Continued) coronal view of female pelvis CT, 548, 549, 550 of female pelvis MRI, 582, 583 of hip, 246, 247 of male pelvis CT, 533, 534 of male pelvis MRI, 567, 568, 569 of thigh, 290, 291 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 268t sagittal view of female pelvis CT, 543 of female pelvis MRI, 576, 577 of hip, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242 of male pelvis CT, 528 of male pelvis MRI, 559, 560 of thigh, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285 Adductor magnus m., ischiocondylar (hamstring) part coronal view, of male pelvis MRI, 569 sagittal view of female pelvis MRI, 576 of male pelvis MRI, 560 Adductor magnus t. axial view, of knee, 295, 296, 297 coronal view of knee, 316 of thigh, 292 sagittal view of knee, 309 of thigh, 282 Adductor pollicis brevis m., origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 197t Adductor pollicis m. axial view of hand, 199, 200, 201, 202 sagittal view of hand, 206, 207 Adductor pollicis m., oblique head coronal view, of hand, 215, 216 sagittal view of hand, 208, 209 Adductor pollicis m., transverse head coronal view, of hand, 215, 216 sagittal view of hand, 208, 209, 210 Adductor pollicis t., axial view, of hand, 202 Adductor tubercle, sagittal view, of knee, 309 Adrenal gland axial view of abdomen CT, 476, 477 of abdomen MRI, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498 coronal view of abdomen CT, 491, 492 of abdomen MRI, 515, 516 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 482, 485 of abdomen MRI, 503, 504, 508 Adrenal v., axial view, of abdomen CT, 476 Anal canal axial view of female pelvis CT, 541, 542 of male pelvis CT, 526, 527 of male pelvis MRI, 558 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 551 of female pelvis MRI, 583 of male pelvis CT, 536 of male pelvis MRI, 569 sagittal view, of female pelvis CT, 544, 545 Anastomotic vv., sagittal view, of foot, 397, 398 Anconeus m. axial view of elbow, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124 of forearm, 146, 147 coronal view, of forearm, 168 oblique coronal view, of elbow, 140, 141, 142 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 126, 127, 128 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 144–145t sagittal view, of forearm, 160, 161 Ankle joint axial view, of ankle, 352 coronal view, of ankle, 374, 375, 376, 377 sagittal view, of ankle, 366, 367, 368

Annular lig. axial view, of elbow, 119, 120 oblique coronal, of elbow, 138, 139 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 126, 128 Anterior bands ABER view, of shoulder arthrogram, 86, 87 axial view of elbow, 118 of shoulder arthrogram, 71 coronal view, of arm, 107 oblique coronal view, of shoulder arthrogram, 80 oblique sagittal view of elbow, 132 of shoulder arthrogram, 75 Anus axial view, of female pelvis MRI, 575 coronal view of female pelvis MRI, 584 of male pelvis CT, 535 of male pelvis MRI, 568, 569, 570 sagittal view of female pelvis MRI, 578 of male pelvis CT, 530 of male pelvis MRI, 564 Aorta axial view of abdomen CT, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479 of abdomen MRI, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501 of heart MRI, 462, 463 of lumbar spine, 425 of thoracic spine, 415, 416 of thorax CT, 445, 448 coronal view of abdomen CT, 488, 489, 490, 491, 492 of abdomen MRI, 512, 513, 514, 515, 516 of lumbar spine, 432, 433 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 483 of abdomen MRI, 504, 505 of thoracic spine, 418 Aorta, abdominal coronal view, of thorax CT, 454, 455 sagittal view of heart MRI, 465 of thorax CT, 451 Aorta, ascending axial view of heart MRI, 460, 461 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 9, 10, 11 of thorax CT, 444, 445 coronal view of heart MRI, 467, 468 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 26 sagittal view of heart MRI, 465 of thorax CT, 451 Aorta, descending axial view of heart MRI, 460, 461 of thorax CT, 444, 445, 446, 447 coronal view, of heart MRI, 469 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 482 of heart MRI, 464 of thorax CT, 450 Aortic arch axial view of heart MRI, 460 of thorax CT, 443, 444 coronal view of heart MRI, 468 of thorax CT, 453, 454, 455 sagittal view of heart MRI, 464, 465 of thorax CT, 450, 451 Aortic bifurcation axial view, of abdomen CT, 480 coronal view of abdomen CT, 488 of female pelvis CT, 548, 549 of male pelvis CT, 532 sagittal view of female pelvis CT, 545 of male pelvis CT, 529

Index  587 Aortic outflow tract, axial view, of heart MRI, 462 Aortic root axial view, of heart MRI, 462 coronal view, of heart MRI, 467 sagittal view of heart MRI, 465 of thorax CT, 450, 451 Aortic valve leaflets axial view, of thorax CT, 446 coronal view, of thorax CT, 455 Aortic valve plane, coronal view, of thorax CT, 454 Aorticopulmonary window, sagittal view, of heart MRI, 465 Appendix axial view of female pelvis CT, 538 of male pelvis CT, 524 coronal view, of female pelvis CT, 547 Arcuate lig., median, sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 483 Articular cartilage axial view of knee, 297 of shoulder, 40, 67, 68, 69 coronal view, of knee, 314, 315, 316 oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 60, 81 sagittal view, of knee, 303, 304, 305, 308, 309 Articular recess, superior, coronal view, of hip arthrogram, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266 Articulating process (facet) inferior, sagittal view, of thoracic spine, 418, 419 superior, sagittal view, of thoracic spine, 418, 419 Atrial appendage axial view of heart MRI, 462 of thorax CT, 445 coronal view, of thorax CT, 453 sagittal view of heart MRI, 465 of thorax CT, 450 Atrium left axial view of heart MRI, 462 of thorax CT, 445, 446 coronal view of abdomen MRI, 514 of heart MRI, 468 of thorax CT, 455, 456 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 483 of heart MRI, 465 of thorax CT, 450, 451 right axial view of heart MRI, 462, 463 of thorax CT, 445, 446 coronal view of abdomen CT, 490 of heart MRI, 467, 468 of thorax CT, 453, 454, 455 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 484 of heart MRI, 465, 466 of thorax CT, 452 Axillary a. axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 7, 8, 9 of shoulder, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 coronal view of heart MRI, 468 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 27, 28, 29 oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 56, 57, 58, 59 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder, 52, 53, 54, 55 sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 17, 18, 19, 20 Axillary lymph node, oblique sagittal view, of shoulder, 53 Axillary n. axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 9, 10 of shoulder, 45 coronal view of arm, 110 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 29

Axillary n. (Continued) oblique coronal view of shoulder, 59, 62, 63, 64 of shoulder arthrogram, 83 oblique sagittal view of shoulder, 49, 50 of shoulder arthrogram, 75 sagittal view of arm, 100, 101, 103, 104 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 16 Axillary neurovascular bundle axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 10 coronal view, of arm, 108 sagittal view, of arm, 103, 104 Axillary pouch axial view, of shoulder arthrogram, 71 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder arthrogram, 75, 76 Axillary recess, oblique coronal view, of shoulder arthrogram, 80, 81, 82, 83 Axillary v. axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 7, 8, 9 of shoulder, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 coronal view of heart MRI, 468 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 27, 28 oblique coronal view, of shoulder, f, 56, 57, 58 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder, 53, 54, 55 sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 18, 19, 20 Azygos v. axial view of abdomen MRI, 494, 495 of heart MRI, 461, 462, 463 of lumbar spine, 425 of thoracic spine, 415, 416 of thorax CT, 444, 445, 447, 448 coronal view of abdomen MRI, 516 of lumbar spine, 432 sagittal view, of lumbar spine, 431 Azygos v., arch axial view, of thorax CT, 444 coronal view, of heart MRI, 468 sagittal view, of thorax CT, 451

B Basilic v. axial view of arm, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97 of elbow, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 122, 123, 124 coronal view of arm, 106, 107, 108, 109 of elbow, 138, 139, 140 oblique coronal view of elbow, 138, 139, 140 of shoulder, 60 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 131, 132, 133 sagittal view of arm, 102, 103 of forearm, 156 Basilic v., median axial view of elbow, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124 of forearm, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153 coronal view of elbow, 134, 135 of forearm, 162 oblique coronal, of elbow, 134, 135 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 131 Basivertebral v. axial view, of lumbar spine, 427 coronal view, of lumbar spine, 434 Basivertebral venous plexus axial view of lumbar spine, 425 of thoracic spine, 416 coronal view, of thoracic spine, 420 sagittal view of lumbar spine, 431 of thoracic spine, 419

Biceps anchor ABER view, of shoulder arthrogram, 84 axial view, of shoulder, 39 oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 59 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder, 52, 75, 76 Biceps brachii m. ABER view, of shoulder arthrogram, 85, 86 axial view of arm, 94, 95, 96, 97 of elbow, 115, 116, 117 coronal view of arm, 105, 107 of elbow, 134, 135, 136, 137 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 27, 28, 29 oblique coronal view, of elbow, 134, 135, 136, 137 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 91t sagittal view of arm, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104 of elbow, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130 Biceps brachii m., long head axial view of arm, 92, 93 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 coronal view of arm, 106, 107 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 25, 26, 27, 28 of shoulder, 60 oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 60 sagittal view of arm, 100, 101 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 15 Biceps brachii m., short head axial view of arm, 92, 93 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of shoulder, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 coronal view of arm, 106, 107 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 25, 26, 27, 28 of shoulder, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61 oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder, 49, 50, 51 sagittal view of arm, 102, 103 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 15, 16, 17 of shoulder, 49, 50, 51 Biceps brachii t. ABER view, of shoulder arthrogram, 84 axial view of arm, 96, 97 of elbow, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122 of forearm, 146 coronal view of arm, 105 of elbow, 136, 137, 138 of forearm, 164, 165 oblique coronal, of elbow, 136, 137, 138 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 129 sagittal view of arm, 101 of elbow, 129 of forearm, 157, 158 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 15 Biceps brachii t., long head ABER view, of shoulder arthrogram, 84, 85 axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 7, 8, 9 of shoulder, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 of shoulder arthrogram, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71 coronal view of arm, 106 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 26, 27 oblique coronal view of shoulder, 59, 60, 61 of shoulder arthrogram, 78, 79, 80, 81 oblique sagittal view of shoulder, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51 of shoulder arthrogram, 72, 73, 74, 75

588  Index Biceps brachii t., short head ABER view, of shoulder arthrogram, 84 axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 7, 8, 9 of shoulder, 42, 43, 44 of shoulder arthrogram, 70, 71 oblique coronal view of shoulder, 58, 59 of shoulder arthrogram, 78, 79 oblique sagittal view of shoulder, 50 of shoulder arthrogram, 74 Biceps femoris m. axial view, of thigh, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276 coronal view of knee, 317, 318, 319, 320 of leg, 344 of male pelvis MRI, 569, 570 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 268t sagittal view, of knee, 302 Biceps femoris m., long head axial view of hip, 230, 232 of knee, 295 of male pelvis MRI, 558 of thigh, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276 coronal view of hip, 244, 247 of thigh, 291, 292, 293 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 222–223t sagittal view of knee, 303 of thigh, 277, 278, 279 Biceps femoris m., short head axial view of knee, 295, 296, 297, 298 of thigh, 273, 274, 275, 276 coronal view of knee, 316, 319 of thigh, 290 sagittal view of knee, 302, 303 of thigh, 277, 278 Biceps femoris t. axial view of knee, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300 of thigh, 269, 270 coronal view of knee, 317, 318, 319 of leg, 344, 345 of male pelvis CT, 536 of male pelvis MRI, 569 sagittal view of knee, 302 of leg, 334 of male pelvis CT, 528 Biceps femoris t., long head, axial view of hip, 232 of male pelvis MRI, 558 Biceps m., short head, and coracobrachialis m., conjoined tendon of, 7, 41 Bicipital aponeurosis, axial view, of elbow, 118, 119, 120 Bicipital (intertubercular) groove, axial view of shoulder, 41 of shoulder arthrogram, 70, 71 Bile duct, common axial view of abdomen CT, 477 of abdomen MRI, 498, 499, 500 coronal view of abdomen CT, 488 of abdomen MRI, 513, 514 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 484 of abdomen MRI, 508 Blumensaat’s line, sagittal view, of knee, 306 Brachial a. axial view of arm, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97 of elbow, 115, 117, 118, 119 coronal view of arm, 105, 108 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 28 oblique coronal view of elbow, 136 of shoulder, 59, 60

Brachial a. (Continued) oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 130 sagittal view of arm, 102 of elbow, 130 Brachial a., deep axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 11, 13 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 29 oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 60, 62 sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 16 Brachial neurovascular bundle axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 11, 12, 13 coronal view of arm, 107, 108 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 29 sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 16 Brachial plexus coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 27, 28 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder, 53, 55 sagittal view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 19, 20, 21 of thoracic spine, 417 Brachial v. axial view of arm, 94, 95, 96, 97 coronal view of arm, 105, 107, 108 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 28 sagittal view, of arm, 102 Brachialis m. axial view of arm, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97 of elbow, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121 coronal view of arm, 105, 106, 107, 108 of elbow, 136, 137, 138, 139 oblique coronal, of elbow, 136, 137, 138, 139 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 91t sagittal view of arm, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102 of elbow, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132 of forearm, 160 Brachialis t. axial view of arm, 96, 97 of elbow, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121 oblique coronal, of elbow, 136 sagittal view, of arm, 100, 101 Brachiocephalic a. axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 7, 8 of thorax CT, 443 coronal view, of thorax CT, 453, 454, 455 sagittal view, of thorax CT, 452 Brachiocephalic trunk coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 26 sagittal view, of heart MRI, 465 Brachiocephalic v. axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 7, 8, 9 of thorax CT, 443 coronal view of heart MRI, 468 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 26, 27 of thorax CT, 453, 454, 455 sagittal view of heart MRI, 465 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 23 of thorax CT, 450, 451, 452 Brachioradialis m. axial view of arm, 95, 96, 97 of elbow, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124 of forearm, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 152 coronal view of arm, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109 of elbow, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141 of forearm, 164, 165, 166, 167 oblique coronal, of elbow, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 125, 126, 127, 128 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 144–145t

Brachioradialis m. (Continued) sagittal view of arm, 98, 99 of elbow, 125, 126, 127, 128 of forearm, 156 Brachioradialis t., axial view, of forearm, 150, 151, 153, 154, 155 Breast coronal view, of abdomen MRI, 510, 511, 512 sagittal view, of abdomen MRI, 502 Bronchus axial view of heart MRI, 461 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 10 of thorax CT, 444 coronal view, of thorax CT, 456 sagittal view of heart MRI, 464, 465 of thorax CT, 449, 450 Bulbospongiosus m. coronal view of female pelvis CT, 548, 549 of male pelvis CT, 534, 535 sagittal view, of male pelvis CT, 530

C C1 pulley, sagittal view, of hand, 209, 210 C5-6 disc level, axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 4 C7 vertebral body, axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 5 Calcaneal tubercle axial view, of ankle, 355, 356 lateral, coronal view, of ankle, 378, 379 Calcaneal tuberosity axial view, of ankle, 355, 356, 357, 358 sagittal view, of ankle, 366, 367, 368, 369 Calcaneal vessels, medial, sagittal view, of ankle, 370 Calcaneocuboid joint axial view, of ankle, 356, 363 coronal view, of ankle, 373 oblique axial view, of ankle, 363 sagittal view, of foot, 393 Calcaneocuboid lig., plantar axial view, of ankle, 355, 357 coronal view, of ankle, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376 sagittal view of ankle, 367, 368 of foot, 393 Calcaneofibular lig., axial view, of ankle, 354, 355 Calcaneonavicular (spring) lig. inferoplantar axial view, of ankle, 355 coronal view, of ankle, 372, 373 oblique axial view, of ankle, 362 sagittal view, of ankle, 370 medioplantar, axial view, of ankle, 355 plantar, oblique axial view, of ankle, 362 superomedial, coronal view, of ankle, 373 Calcaneus axial view of ankle, 355, 356, 357 of foot, 386, 387, 388 coronal view of ankle, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380 of leg, 342, 343, 344 oblique axial view, of ankle, 360, 361, 362 sagittal view of ankle, 366, 367, 368, 369, 370 of foot, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396 Calcar femorale axial view, of hip, 229, 230, 231 coronal view, of hip, 246 Capitate coronal view, of hand, 215, 216, 217 sagittal view, of hand, 209 Capitellum axial view, of elbow, 117, 118, 119 oblique coronal, of elbow, 138, 139 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 126, 127, 128, 129 sagittal view of arm, 99, 100 of elbow, 126, 127, 128, 129

Index  589 Capsular insertion, axial view, of shoulder arthrogram, 69, 70 Capsular lig. lateral, coronal view, of knee, 317 oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 60, 61, 62 Cardiac septum, coronal view, of heart MRI, 467 Carina, axial view, of heart MRI, 460 Carotid a., axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 4 of thorax CT, 442, 443 Carotid a., common axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 6, 7 of thorax CT, 442 coronal view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 26 of thorax CT, 454, 455 sagittal view, of thorax CT, 450, 451 Carpal lig., palmar, axial view, of wrist, 173, 174, 175 Carpometacarpal joint 2nd, sagittal view, of hand, 208 3rd, sagittal view, of hand, 209 Cauda equina coronal view of lumbar spine, 435 of thoracic spine, 420 sagittal view, of thoracic spine, 419 Caudate lobe of liver axial view of abdomen CT, 476 of abdomen MRI, 494, 495 coronal view of abdomen CT, 490 of abdomen MRI, 514, 515 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 483, 484, 485 of abdomen MRI, 507, 508 Cecum axial view of male pelvis CT, 523, 524, 525 of male pelvis MRI, 554 coronal view of abdomen CT, 488 of female pelvis CT, 547, 548 of male pelvis CT, 531, 532 of male pelvis MRI, 566 sagittal view of abdomen MRI, 509 of female pelvis CT, 543 of male pelvis MRI, 560 Celiac a. axial view, of heart MRI, 465 coronal view of abdomen MRI, 513, 514 of thorax CT, 455 sagittal view of abdomen MRI, 505 of thorax CT, 450 Celiac trunk axial view of abdomen CT, 476, 477 of abdomen MRI, 497 coronal view, of abdomen CT, 489, 490 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 483 Cephalic v. axial view of arm, 92, 93 of elbow, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124 of forearm, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13 of shoulder, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 coronal view of arm, 105 of elbow, 134, 135 of forearm, 164, 165, 166 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 24, 25, 26, 27 oblique coronal view of elbow, 134, 135 of shoulder, 56, 57, 58 oblique sagittal view of elbow, 127, 128, 129 of shoulder, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55

Cephalic v. (Continued) sagittal view of forearm, 156, 157 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 14, 15, 18, 19 Cervical a. and v., superficial, coronal view, of thoracic spine, 422 Cervical stroma axial view, of female pelvis MRI, 574 coronal view, of female pelvis MRI, 582, 583 sagittal view, of female pelvis MRI, 579 Cervical vessels, transverse axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 5 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 28, 29 Cervix, axial view, of female pelvis MRI, 573 Circumflex a. axial view of heart MRI, 462 of thorax CT, 447 coronal view, of thorax CT, 454, 455 posterior, sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 16 Circumflex femoral a. lateral axial view, of male pelvis CT, 527 coronal view, of male pelvis CT, 533 medial axial view, of male pelvis CT, 527 coronal view, of male pelvis CT, 533, 534 sagittal view, of male pelvis CT, 528 Circumflex femoral v. lateral, coronal view, of male pelvis CT, 533, 534 medial, coronal view, of male pelvis CT, 533, 534 Circumflex femoral vessels lateral axial view, of hip, 229 coronal view, of male pelvis MRI, 566 sagittal view, of hip, 234, 235, 236 medial axial view, of hip, 229 coronal view, of male pelvis MRI, 566 sagittal view, of hip, 237, 239, 240 Circumflex humeral a. anterior oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 59, 60 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder, 48, 49, 50, 52 sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 15 posterior axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 8, 9 of shoulder, 44, 45 coronal view of arm, 110 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 29 oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder, 49, 50, 51, 52 sagittal view of arm, 100, 101, 103, 104 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 15 Circumflex humeral vessels oblique coronal view, of shoulder arthrogram, 83 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder arthrogram, 75, 76 Circumflex iliac v., superficial, coronal view, of hip, 243 Circumflex iliac vessels, superficial, coronal view, of male pelvis MRI, 565 Circumflex scapular a. axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 9 coronal view of arm, 109 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 28, 29, 30 oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder, 53, 54 sagittal view, of arm, 104 Circumflex vessels, oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 62 Clavicle axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 6, 7, 8 of shoulder, 38, 39 of shoulder arthrogram, 67 of thorax CT, 442 coronal view of arm, 108, 109 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 24, 25, 26

Clavicle (Continued) distal axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 5 of shoulder, 36, 37 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 27 sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 17 medial, sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 23 oblique coronal view of shoulder, 56, 57, 58, 59 of shoulder arthrogram, 78, 79 oblique sagittal view of shoulder, 52, 53, 54, 55 of shoulder arthrogram, 75, 76, 77 sagittal view of heart MRI, 464, 466 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 of thorax CT, 449 Clavicular head coronal view of heart MRI, 467 of thorax CT, 453 sagittal view, of thorax CT, 450, 452 Clitoris, coronal view of female pelvis CT, 547 of female pelvis MRI, 581 Coccygeus m. axial view of female pelvis CT, 540 of hip, 227 sagittal view of male pelvis CT, 529 of male pelvis MRI, 562, 563 Coccyx axial view of female pelvis CT, 540 of male pelvis CT, 525, 526 of male pelvis MRI, 556 coronal view, of male pelvis MRI, 570 sagittal view of female pelvis CT, 545 of female pelvis MRI, 578 of male pelvis CT, 530 of male pelvis MRI, 563, 564 Collateral ligs accessory axial view, of hand, 204 coronal view, of hand, 216 sagittal view, of hand, 205 Colon axial view, of abdomen CT, 478, 479, 480 coronal view, of abdomen MRI, 510, 511, 512, 513, 514, 515 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 481, 486 of abdomen MRI, 502, 503, 509 Colon, ascending axial view of abdomen CT, 479, 480 of abdomen MRI, 501 of female pelvis MRI, 572 of male pelvis CT, 522, 523 of male pelvis MRI, 553 coronal view of abdomen CT, 489, 490 of abdomen MRI, 511, 512, 513, 514, 515 of female pelvis CT, 546, 548, 549 of female pelvis MRI, 581 of male pelvis CT, 531, 532 of male pelvis MRI, 566 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 486 of abdomen MRI, 509 of female pelvis CT, 543 of male pelvis MRI, 559 Colon, descending axial view of abdomen CT, 479, 480 of abdomen MRI, 499, 500, 501 of female pelvis MRI, 572 of male pelvis CT, 522, 523 of male pelvis MRI, 553, 554

590  Index Colon, descending (Continued) coronal view of abdomen CT, 489, 491, 492 of abdomen MRI, 512, 513, 514, 515 of female pelvis CT, 547, 548 of female pelvis MRI, 581 of male pelvis CT, 531, 532, 533 of male pelvis MRI, 566 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 481 of abdomen MRI, 502, 503 of male pelvis CT, 528 Colon, hepatic flexure axial view of abdomen CT, 478, 479 of abdomen MRI, 499, 500 coronal view of abdomen CT, 488, 489, 490 of abdomen MRI, 510, 511 of thorax CT, 453 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 486 of abdomen MRI, 509 of thorax CT, 452 Colon, rectosigmoid axial view, of female pelvis CT, 539 coronal view of female pelvis MRI, 583 of male pelvis CT, 535 sagittal view, of female pelvis MRI, 579 Colon, sigmoid axial view of female pelvis CT, 538, 539, 540 of female pelvis MRI, 572 of male pelvis CT, 523, 524 of male pelvis MRI, 554, 555 coronal view of abdomen CT, 487 of abdomen MRI, 512 of female pelvis CT, 547, 548, 549, 550 of male pelvis CT, 532, 533, 534, 536 of male pelvis MRI, 566, 567, 568, 569 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 482, 483 of female pelvis CT, 544, 545 of female pelvis MRI, 578 of male pelvis CT, 528, 529, 530 of male pelvis MRI, 561, 562, 563, 564 Colon, splenic flexure axial view of abdomen CT, 478, 479 of abdomen MRI, 496, 497, 498 coronal view of abdomen CT, 488, 489, 490, 491 of abdomen MRI, 511, 512 sagittal view, of abdomen MRI, 502 Colon, transverse axial view of abdomen CT, 479, 480 of abdomen MRI, 498, 499, 500, 501 coronal view of abdomen CT, 487, 488 of abdomen MRI, 510, 511 of male pelvis CT, 531, 532 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 481, 482, 483, 484, 485 of abdomen MRI, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509 Conjoined t. of coracobrachialis m. and biceps m., short head, 7, 41 of semitendinosus m. and biceps femoris m., long head axial view of female pelvis MRI, 575 of hip, 230, 231, 232 of male pelvis MRI, 558 coronal view, of thigh, 291, 292 sagittal view, of male pelvis MRI, 559 Conus medullaris coronal view, of thoracic spine, 420 sagittal view of lumbar spine, 431 of thoracic spine, 419 Coracoacromial lig. axial view of shoulder, 38, 39, 40 of shoulder arthrogram, 68, 69

Coracoacromial lig. (Continued) oblique sagittal view of shoulder, 50, 51 of shoulder arthrogram, 73, 74, 75 sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 16, 17 Coracobrachialis m. and biceps m., short head, conjoined tendon of, 7, 41 axial view of arm, 92 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of shoulder, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 coronal view of arm, 106, 107 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62 oblique sagittal view of shoulder, 50, 51, 52 of shoulder arthrogram, 75 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 91t sagittal view of arm, 102, 103, 104 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 16, 17 Coracobrachialis t. ABER view, of shoulder arthrogram, 84 axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 7 of shoulder, 42, 43, 44 of shoulder arthrogram, 70, 71 oblique coronal view of shoulder, 57 of shoulder arthrogram, 78, 79 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder arthrogram, 74 Coracoclavicular lig. axial view, of shoulder, 39 conoid portion axial view, of shoulder, 38, 39 oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 56, 57 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder, 54, 55 trapezoid portion axial view, of shoulder, 38, 39 oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 57 oblique sagittal view of shoulder, 53, 54 of shoulder arthrogram, 76, 77 Coracohumeral lig. axial view of shoulder, 39, 40 of shoulder arthrogram, 68 oblique coronal view of shoulder, 57, 58, 59 of shoulder arthrogram, 78 oblique sagittal view of shoulder, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52 of shoulder arthrogram, 74 sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 17 Coracoid process ABER view, of shoulder arthrogram, 84 axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 6, 7 of shoulder, 39, 40, 41 of shoulder arthrogram, 67, 68, 69, 70 base oblique coronal view, of shoulder arthrogram, 78 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder, 53 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 25, 26, 27 oblique coronal view of shoulder, 57, 58 of shoulder arthrogram, 78 oblique sagittal view of shoulder, 50, 51, 52 of shoulder arthrogram, 75, 76, 77 sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 17 tip, oblique sagittal view, of shoulder arthrogram, 74 Coronary a., axial view of heart MRI, 462, 463 of thorax CT, 445, 448 Coronary sinus, axial view, of heart MRI, 463 Coronoid fossa axial view, of elbow, 115, 116 oblique coronal, of elbow, 139 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 129, 130 sagittal view of arm, 101, 102 of elbow, 129, 130

Coronoid process axial view, of elbow, 119, 120 oblique coronal, of elbow, 138, 139 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 129, 130 sagittal view of arm, 100, 101 of elbow, 129, 130 Corpus cavernosum axial view of male pelvis CT, 527 of male pelvis MRI, 558 coronal view of male pelvis CT, 531, 534 of male pelvis MRI, 565, 566 sagittal view of male pelvis CT, 529, 530 of male pelvis MRI, 562, 563 Corpus spongiosum axial view of male pelvis CT, 527 of male pelvis MRI, 558 coronal view of male pelvis CT, 531, 534 of male pelvis MRI, 565, 566, 567 sagittal view, of male pelvis MRI, 564 Costal cartilage axial view of abdomen CT, 475 of abdomen MRI, 494 coronal view of abdomen CT, 487 of abdomen MRI, 510 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 24 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 481 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 21, 22, 23 Costochondral cartilage axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 9 coronal view, of heart MRI, 467 Costoclavicular lig., coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 25 Costotransverse foramen, axial view, of thoracic spine, 415, 416 Costotransverse joint axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 6 of thoracic spine, 415, 416 coronal view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 31, 32 of thoracic spine, 421 sagittal view, of thoracic spine, 417, 418 Costovertebral joint axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 6, 8, 13 of thoracic spine, 415 coronal view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 32 of thoracic spine, 420 sagittal view, of thoracic spine, 418 Cotyloid notch, 261 Crista, coronal view, of foot, 400, 401 Cruciate lig., anterior axial view, of knee, 298 coronal view of knee, 315, 316 of leg, 343 sagittal view, of knee, 305, 306 Cruciate lig., posterior axial view, of knee, 298, 299 coronal view of knee, 315, 316, 317 of leg, 343, 344 sagittal view of knee, 306, 307 of leg, 338 Crural fascia, axial view, of leg, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 332 Crural septum anterior, axial view, of leg, 326, 327 posterior, axial view, of leg, 329, 330, 331 Cubital tunnel retinaculum, axial view, of elbow, 116, 117 Cubital v., median axial view, of elbow, 115, 116, 117, 118 oblique coronal, of elbow, 134, 135, 136, 137 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 129, 130

Index  591 Cubital v., median (Continued) sagittal view of elbow, 129, 130 of forearm, 156 Cuboid axial view of ankle, 355, 356, 357 of foot, 386, 387, 388, 389 coronal view of ankle, 372, 373 of foot, 406, 407 oblique axial view, of ankle, 363, 364 sagittal view of ankle, 366, 367, 368, 369 of foot, 391, 392, 393, 394 Cuboid sulcus, sagittal view, of ankle, 367 Cuneiform, lateral axial view of ankle, 354, 355 of foot, 385, 386, 387 coronal view, of foot, 405, 406, 407 oblique axial view, of ankle, 363, 364 sagittal view of ankle, 368, 369 of foot, 392, 393, 394 Cuneiform, medial axial view of ankle, 355 of foot, 385, 386, 387 coronal view, of foot, 405, 406 oblique axial view, of ankle, 363, 364 sagittal view of ankle, 370, 371 of foot, 395, 396, 397 Cuneiform, middle axial view of ankle, 354, 355 of foot, 385, 386 coronal view, of foot, 405, 406 oblique axial view, of ankle, 363, 364 sagittal view of ankle, 369, 370 of foot, 394, 395 Cuneiform joint, sagittal view, of ankle, 370 Cuneocuboid lig. plantar, axial view, of ankle, 356 sagittal view, of ankle, 368 Cystic duct, axial view, of abdomen MRI, 497

D Deltoid lig. axial view, of ankle, 352, 353, 354 coronal view, of ankle, 373, 374, 375, 376 oblique axial view, of ankle, 361 sagittal view, of ankle, 371 Deltoid m. anterior axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 6, 7, 8 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 24 axial view of arm, 92 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of shoulder, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 of shoulder arthrogram, 67, 68, 69, 70 coronal view of arm, 105, 106, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 of thoracic spine, 422 middle, axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 6 oblique coronal view of shoulder, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 of shoulder arthrogram, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83 oblique sagittal view of shoulder, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55 of shoulder arthrogram, 72, 73, 74, 75 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 35t, 412–414t posterior, axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 6, 7 sagittal view of arm, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18

Deltoid t. coronal view, of arm, 110, 111 oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 62 Deltoid tuberosity axial view, of arm, 92 coronal view, of arm, 109 sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 14, 15 Deltopectoral triangle axial view, of shoulder, 42, 43, 44, 45 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder, 50 Diaphragm axial view of abdomen MRI, 494, 496, 497, 498, 499, 500 of thorax CT, 448 coronal view of abdomen CT, 487, 489 of abdomen MRI, 513, 514, 515 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 481, 483, 484, 485 of thorax CT, 449, 452 urogenital coronal view, of female pelvis CT, 550 sagittal view, of male pelvis CT, 529 Diaphragm, crus axial view of abdomen CT, 476, 477, 478 of abdomen MRI, 494, 495 coronal view of abdomen CT, 490, 491, 492 of abdomen MRI, 516 of lumbar spine, 433, 434, 435 of thoracic spine, 420 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 483, 484, 485 Digital a., palmar axial view, of hand, 201, 204 coronal view, of hand, 215, 216 sagittal view of hand, 210, 211 of wrist, 181, 182 Digital n., palmar, axial view, of hand, 204 Digital neurovascular structures, axial view, of hand, 204 Digital v. dorsal, axial view, of hand, 204 palmar, axial view, of hand, 204 Distal phalanx index finger, sagittal view, 206, 207, 208 long finger, sagittal view, 209, 210 ring finger, sagittal view, 211, 212 small finger, sagittal view, 213 thumb coronal view, 216 sagittal view, 205 Dorsal nerve root ganglion, sagittal view, of thoracic spine, 418, 419 Dorsal ramus n. and vessels, coronal view, of lumbar spine, 434, 436 Duodenal bulb axial view of abdomen CT, 478 of abdomen MRI, 498 coronal view of abdomen CT, 487 of abdomen MRI, 512, 513 sagittal view, of abdomen MRI, 508 Duodenojejunal junction, axial view, of abdomen MRI, 501 Duodenum axial view, of abdomen CT, 477 sagittal view, of thorax CT, 451 Duodenum, second portion axial view of abdomen CT, 478, 479 of abdomen MRI, 498, 499, 500, 501 coronal view of abdomen CT, 489, 490 of abdomen MRI, 513, 514 of thorax CT, 453 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 485 of abdomen MRI, 509 Duodenum, third portion axial view of abdomen CT, 479 of abdomen MRI, 500, 501 coronal view, of abdomen CT, 489

Duodenum, third portion (Continued) sagittal view of abdomen CT, 482, 483, 484 of abdomen MRI, 505, 506, 507, 508 Dura mater, coronal view, of thoracic spine, 420

E Endocervical canal axial view, of female pelvis MRI, 574 coronal view, of female pelvis MRI, 582, 583 sagittal view, of female pelvis MRI, 579 Endometrial canal axial view, of female pelvis MRI, 573 coronal view, of female pelvis MRI, 581, 582 sagittal view, of female pelvis MRI, 579 Epicondyle, lateral axial view, of elbow, 116, 117, 118 coronal view of arm, 107, 108 of elbow, 139, 140, 141 oblique coronal, of elbow, 139, 140, 141 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 126 Epicondyle, medial axial view, of elbow, 116, 117 coronal view of arm, 106, 107 of elbow, 139, 140 oblique coronal, of elbow, 139, 140 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 131, 132 sagittal view of arm, 103 of elbow, 131, 132 Epidural fat coronal view of lumbar spine, 435, 436 of thoracic spine, 420 sagittal view, of thoracic spine, 418, 419 Epidural space, posterior, sagittal view, of thoracic spine, 419 Epidural v., axial view, of lumbar spine, 425, 426 Epidural vessels coronal view, of lumbar spine, 434 sagittal view, of thoracic spine, 419 Epigastric a., inferior axial view of female pelvis CT, 538, 539 of male pelvis CT, 524 coronal view of abdomen CT, 487 of female pelvis CT, 546 of male pelvis CT, 531 sagittal view, of male pelvis CT, 528 Epigastric v., inferior axial view of female pelvis CT, 538, 539 of male pelvis CT, 524 coronal view of abdomen CT, 487 of female pelvis CT, 546 of male pelvis CT, 531 sagittal view, of male pelvis CT, 528 Epigastric vessels, inferior axial view of female pelvis CT, 540 of male pelvis MRI, 554, 555 coronal view, of male pelvis MRI, 565 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 485 Epitrochlear lymph node, oblique coronal, of elbow, 138 Erector spinae m. axial view of abdomen MRI, 495, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501 of male pelvis CT, 523 of male pelvis MRI, 553, 554 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13 of thoracic spine, 415, 416 coronal view of female pelvis MRI, 583, 584 of male pelvis MRI, 569, 570 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 32, 33 of thoracic spine, 421, 422 sagittal view of abdomen MRI, 503, 505, 507, 508 of female pelvis MRI, 576, 577 of male pelvis CT, 530

592  Index Erector spinae m. (Continued) of male pelvis MRI, 560, 561, 562, 563, 564 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 23 of thoracic spine, 417, 418, 419 Esophagus axial view of abdomen CT, 475 of abdomen MRI, 494 of heart MRI, 460, 461, 462, 463 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 5 of thoracic spine, 416 of thorax CT, 442, 443, 445, 446, 447, 448 coronal view of abdomen MRI, 515 of thorax CT, 455, 456 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 483 of abdomen MRI, 505 of thoracic spine, 418, 419 of thorax CT, 450, 451 Extensor carpi radialis brevis m. axial view of elbow, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124 of forearm, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151 coronal view of elbow, 136, 137, 138, 139 of forearm, 166, 167, 168, 169 oblique coronal, of elbow, 136, 137, 138, 139 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 125, 126, 127 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 144–145t sagittal view of elbow, 125, 126, 127 of forearm, 156, 157, 158 Extensor carpi radialis brevis t. axial view of forearm, 151, 152, 153, 154 of hand, 198 coronal view of forearm, 167 of hand, 217 Extensor carpi radialis longus m. axial view of arm, 95, 96, 97 of elbow, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 123, 124 of forearm, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150 coronal view of arm, 108 of elbow, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141 of forearm, 167, 168, 169 oblique coronal, of elbow, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 125, 126, 127 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 144–145t sagittal view of arm, 98 of elbow, 125, 126, 127 of forearm, 156, 157 Extensor carpi radialis longus t. axial view of forearm, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154 of hand, 198 coronal view of forearm, 167 of hand, 217 sagittal view, of forearm, 157 Extensor carpi ulnaris m. axial view of elbow, 121, 122, 123, 124 of forearm, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155 coronal view of elbow, 139, 140, 141 of forearm, 166, 167, 168, 169 oblique coronal view, of elbow, 139, 140, 141 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 126, 127, 128 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 144–145t sagittal view of elbow, 126, 127, 128 of forearm, 160, 161 Extensor carpi ulnaris t. axial view of elbow, 118, 119, 120 of forearm, 154, 155 coronal view of elbow, 139

Extensor carpi ulnaris t. (Continued) of forearm, 164, 165, 166 of hand, 216, 217 oblique coronal, of elbow, 139 sagittal view, of hand, 211, 212 Extensor digiti minimi m. axial view of elbow, 122, 123, 124 of forearm, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151 coronal view, of forearm, 168 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 126, 127 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 144–145t Extensor digiti minimi t. axial view of elbow, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122 of forearm, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155 of hand, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203 coronal view of elbow, 139 of hand, 217 oblique coronal, of elbow, 139 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 126 sagittal view of elbow, 126 of forearm, 159, 160 of hand, 212 Extensor digitorum, origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 382–384t Extensor digitorum brevis m. axial view of ankle, 353, 354, 355, 356 of foot, 386, 387 coronal view of ankle, 372, 373, 374 of foot, 405, 406 oblique axial view, of ankle, 362, 363, 364 sagittal view of ankle, 366, 367, 368 of foot, 391, 392, 393 Extensor digitorum longus m. axial view of ankle, 349, 350, 351 of knee, 300, 301 of leg, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333 coronal view of ankle, 373, 374, 375 of foot, 407 of knee, 315, 316, 317, 318 of leg, 342, 343 oblique axial view, of ankle, 359, 360 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 322–323t sagittal view of ankle, 366, 367, 368 of knee, 303 of leg, 334, 335, 336 Extensor digitorum longus t. axial view of ankle, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353 of leg, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333 coronal view of ankle, 372 of foot, 406, 407 of leg, 342 oblique axial view, of ankle, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364 sagittal view of ankle, 367, 368 of foot, 393, 394, 395 of leg, 334, 335, 336 Extensor digitorum m. axial view of elbow, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124 of forearm, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153 coronal view of elbow, 137, 138, 139 of forearm, 167, 168, 169 oblique coronal, of elbow, 137, 138, 139 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 125, 126, 127 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 144–145t, 382–384t sagittal view of elbow, 125, 126, 127 of forearm, 158, 159, 160, 161

Extensor digitorum t. axial view of elbow, 118, 119 of forearm, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155 of hand, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204 coronal view, of hand, 217, 218 sagittal view of foot, 391, 395 of hand, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212 Extensor expansion (hood) axial view, of hand, 203, 204 coronal view, of hand, 216, 217, 218 sagittal view, of hand, 205, 205, 206, 212, 213 Extensor hallucis brevis m., oblique axial view, of ankle, 364 Extensor hallucis longus m. axial view of ankle, 349, 350, 351 of leg, 331, 332, 333 coronal view of ankle, 372, 373 of leg, 342, 343 oblique axial view, of ankle, 359, 360, 361, 362 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 322–323t sagittal view, of ankle, 367 Extensor hallucis longus t. axial view of ankle, 349, 350, 351, 352 of foot, 385, 386, 387 of leg, 331, 332, 333 coronal view of ankle, 372 of foot, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407 of leg, 342, 343 oblique axial view, of ankle, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364 sagittal view of ankle, 368, 369 of foot, 396, 397 Extensor indicis m. axial view of forearm, 153, 154, 155 coronal view, of forearm, 165, 166 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 144–145t sagittal view, of forearm, 160 Extensor indicis t. axial view of forearm, 155 of hand, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204 sagittal view, of forearm, 160 Extensor pollicis brevis m. axial view of forearm, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155 coronal view, of forearm, 166 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 144–145t sagittal view, of forearm, 158, 159 Extensor pollicis brevis t. axial view of forearm, 154, 155 of hand, 198, 199, 200 coronal view, of hand, 214, 215, 216 sagittal view, of forearm, 158 Extensor pollicis longus m. axial view, of forearm, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154 coronal view, of forearm, 166, 167 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 144–145t sagittal view, of forearm, 159, 160 Extensor pollicis longus t. axial view of forearm, 155 of hand, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202 coronal view of forearm, 166 of hand, 216, 217 Extensor retinaculum axial view, of ankle, 349, 350, 354 oblique axial view, of ankle, 359, 362, 363 Extensor t. common axial view, of elbow, 118 oblique coronal, of elbow, 139, 140 coronal view, of foot, 399, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405

Index  593 F Facet joint axial view, of lumbar spine, 425 sagittal view, of thoracic spine, 418, 419 Falciform lig. axial view, of abdomen CT, 477 coronal view, of abdomen CT, 487 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 485 Fat pad, anterior axial view, of elbow, 115, 116 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 129 sagittal view of arm, 101, 102 of elbow, 129 Fat pad, infrapatellar axial view, of knee, 298, 299, 300 coronal view of knee, 311, 312 of leg, 342 sagittal view of knee, 304, 305, 306, 307 of leg, 336, 337, 338 Fat pad, posterior axial view, of elbow, 115 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 128, 129 sagittal view of arm, 101, 102 of elbow, 128, 129 Femoral a. axial view of hip, 229, 230 of hip arthrogram, 251, 252, 254, 256 coronal view of female pelvis MRI, 580 of male pelvis CT, 531 of thigh, 287, 290 sagittal view, of thigh, 283 Femoral a., common axial view of female pelvis CT, 540, 541 of hip, 226, 227 of male pelvis CT, 525, 526 of male pelvis MRI, 556, 557 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 546 of hip, 243, 244 of male pelvis MRI, 565 sagittal view of female pelvis CT, 543 of hip, 240 of male pelvis CT, 528 Femoral a., deep axial view of female pelvis CT, 541, 542 of hip, 228 of male pelvis CT, 527 of thigh, 269, 270, 271, 272 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 547 of hip, 244 of male pelvis CT, 532 sagittal view of hip, 235 of male pelvis CT, 528 of thigh, 279 Femoral a., superficial axial view of female pelvis CT, 541, 542 of hip, 228 of male pelvis CT, 527 of male pelvis MRI, 557, 558 of thigh, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275 coronal view, of thigh, 288, 289 sagittal view, of male pelvis CT, 528 Femoral circumflex a. lateral axial view, of male pelvis CT, 527 coronal view, of male pelvis CT, 533 medial axial view, of male pelvis CT, 527 coronal view, of male pelvis CT, 533, 534 sagittal view, of male pelvis CT, 528 Femoral circumflex v. lateral, coronal view, of male pelvis CT, 533, 534 medial, coronal view, of male pelvis CT, 533, 534

Femoral circumflex vessels lateral axial view, of hip, 228 coronal view, of male pelvis MRI, 566 sagittal view, of hip, 234, 235, 236 medial axial view, of hip, 228, 230 coronal view, of male pelvis MRI, 566 sagittal view, of hip, 237, 239, 240 Femoral condyle lateral axial view, of knee, 297, 298 coronal view of knee, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318 of leg, 343, 344 sagittal view, of knee, 302, 303, 304 medial axial view, of knee, 297, 298 coronal view of knee, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318 of leg, 343, 344 sagittal view of knee, 308, 309, 310 of leg, 340 of thigh, 281 Femoral cortex anterior, coronal view, of thigh, 287 medial, sagittal view, of thigh, 280 posterior, coronal view, of thigh, 289 Femoral diaphysis axial view, of thigh, 269 coronal view, of hip, 245 sagittal view, of hip, 235, 236 Femoral head axial view of female pelvis CT, 540 of female pelvis MRI, 574, 575 of hip, 226, 227, 228 of hip arthrogram, 251 of male pelvis CT, 525 of male pelvis MRI, 555, 556 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 548, 549, 550 of female pelvis MRI, 581, 582 of hip, 245, 246 of hip arthrogram, 262, 265 of male pelvis CT, 533, 534 of male pelvis MRI, 566, 567, 568 sagittal view of hip, 237, 239, 240 of hip arthrogram, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261 of male pelvis MRI, 559 Femoral lig., head coronal view, of male pelvis MRI, 567 sagittal view, of male pelvis MRI, 559 Femoral n. axial view, of hip, 227 coronal view of female pelvis MRI, 580 of male pelvis CT, 532 Femoral neck axial view of female pelvis CT, 541 of hip, 228, 229 of hip arthrogram, 254, 256 of male pelvis MRI, 557 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 548, 549 of female pelvis MRI, 582 of hip, 246 of hip arthrogram, 263, 264, 265 of male pelvis CT, 534 sagittal view of hip, 237 of hip arthrogram, 257 of thigh, 280 Femoral shaft, axial view, of thigh, 270 Femoral trochlea axial view, of knee, 297, 298 coronal view, of knee, 311 Femoral v. axial view of hip, 228, 229, 230 of hip arthrogram, 251, 252, 254, 256 of male pelvis MRI, 557, 558

Femoral v. (Continued) coronal view of female pelvis MRI, 580 of male pelvis CT, 531, 532 of thigh, 287, 290 sagittal view, of thigh, 284 Femoral v., common axial view of female pelvis CT, 540, 541 of hip, 226, 227, 228 of male pelvis CT, 525, 526 of male pelvis MRI, 556, 557 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 546 of hip, 243, 244 of male pelvis MRI, 565 sagittal view, of hip, 239 Femoral v., deep axial view of female pelvis CT, 541, 542 of thigh, 269, 270, 271, 272 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 547 of male pelvis CT, 532 sagittal view, of hip, 235 Femoral v., superficial axial view of female pelvis CT, 541, 542 of hip, 230 of male pelvis MRI, 558 of thigh, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275 coronal view, of thigh, 288 sagittal view, of male pelvis CT, 528 Femoral vessels axial view, of female pelvis MRI, 574, 575 common, sagittal view, of male pelvis MRI, 559 coronal view of female pelvis MRI, 581 of thigh, 287 sagittal view of hip, 240 of hip arthrogram, 261 of male pelvis MRI, 559 Femoral vessels, deep axial view, of hip, 231, 232 coronal view of hip, 244 of thigh, 288, 289 sagittal view of hip, 238 of thigh, 281, 282 Femoral vessels, superficial axial view, of hip, 231, 232 coronal view of male pelvis MRI, 566 of thigh, 288, 289 sagittal view of hip, 238 of thigh, 281, 282, 283 Femur axial view of female pelvis CT, 541, 542 of female pelvis MRI, 575 of hip, 229, 231, 232 of knee, 295, 296, 297 of male pelvis CT, 526, 527 of male pelvis MRI, 557, 558 of thigh, 269, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276 coronal view of female pelvis MRI, 582 of knee, 312, 313, 315 of leg, 342, 343 of male pelvis CT, 535 of male pelvis MRI, 567 of thigh, 288, 289 sagittal view of knee, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307 of thigh, 278, 279, 280, 281 Fibula axial view of ankle, 349, 350, 351 of knee, 301 of leg, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333 coronal view of ankle, 376, 377

594  Index Fibula (Continued) of leg, 342, 343, 344, 345 oblique axial view, of ankle, 359, 360, 361 sagittal view of ankle, 365, 366 of knee, 304 of leg, 336 Fibular head axial view, of knee, 300 coronal view of knee, 318, 319, 320 of leg, 344, 345 sagittal view of knee, 302, 303 of leg, 334, 335, 336 Fibular (lateral) collateral lig. axial view, of knee, 298, 299, 300 coronal view of knee, 317, 318, 319 of leg, 344 sagittal view, of knee, 302 Fibular notch, axial view, of ankle, 350, 351 Fibular shaft, sagittal view, of leg, 335 Finger, index distal phalanx, sagittal view, 207, 208 middle phalanx, sagittal view, 207 proximal phalanx coronal view, 216, 217 sagittal view, 206, 207, 208 sagittal view, 206, 208 Finger, long distal phalanx, sagittal view, 209, 210 middle phalanx coronal view, 215 sagittal view, 209, 210 proximal phalanx coronal view, 216, 217 sagittal view, 209, 210 Finger, ring distal phalanx, sagittal view, 211, 212 middle phalanx coronal view, 215 sagittal view, 211, 212 proximal phalanx coronal view, 216, 217 sagittal view, 211, 212 Finger, small distal phalanx, sagittal view, 213 middle phalanx coronal view, 215, 216 sagittal view, 213 proximal phalanx coronal view, 215, 216 sagittal view, 212, 213 Flexor carpi radialis m. axial view of elbow, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124 of forearm, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151 coronal view of elbow, 134, 135, 136, 137 of forearm, 162, 163, 164, 165 oblique coronal, of elbow, 134, 135, 136, 137 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 129, 130, 131, 132 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 144–145t sagittal view of arm, 103, 104 of elbow, 129, 130, 131, 132 of forearm, 156, 157, 158 Flexor carpi radialis t. axial view of forearm, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155 coronal view of forearm, 165 of hand, 214 sagittal view, of hand, 208 Flexor carpi ulnaris m. axial view of elbow, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124 of forearm, 146, 147, 148, 149, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155 coronal view of elbow, 138, 139, 140, 141 of forearm, 162, 163, 164 of hand, 214 oblique coronal, of elbow, 138, 139, 140, 141 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 131, 132, 133

Flexor carpi ulnaris m. (Continued) origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 144–145t sagittal view of elbow, 131, 132, 133 of forearm, 160, 161 Flexor carpi ulnaris t. axial view, of forearm, 150, 153, 154, 155 sagittal view of forearm, 158, 159 of hand, 211 Flexor digiti minimi brevis m. axial view of hand, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202 coronal view, of foot, 405 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 197t, 382–384t sagittal view, of hand, 211 Flexor digiti minimi m. axial view, of foot, 389, 390 coronal view of foot, 402, 404 of hand, 215 sagittal view of foot, 391, 392 of hand, 211, 212 Flexor digitorum brevis m. axial view of ankle, 358 of foot, 389, 390 coronal view of ankle, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378 of foot, 404, 405, 406, 407 oblique axial view, of ankle, 362, 363, 364 sagittal view of ankle, 368, 369, 370, 371 of foot, 394, 395 Flexor digitorum brevis t., coronal view, of foot, 399, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407 Flexor digitorum longus m. axial view of ankle, 349, 350 of leg, 326, 327, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333 coronal view, of leg, 343, 344 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 322–323t sagittal view, of leg, 338 Flexor digitorum longus t. axial view of ankle, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356 of foot, 387, 388, 389 of leg, 326, 327, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333 coronal view of ankle, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377 of foot, 399, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407 of leg, 343 oblique axial view, of ankle, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364 sagittal view of ankle, 370, 371 of foot, 395 of leg, 338 Flexor digitorum m., origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 382–384t Flexor digitorum profundus m. axial view of elbow, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124 of forearm, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155 coronal view of elbow, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142 of forearm, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166 oblique coronal, of elbow, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 129, 130, 131, 132 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 144–145t sagittal view of elbow, 129, 130, 131, 132 of forearm, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161 Flexor digitorum profundus t. axial view of forearm, 155 of hand, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204, 208 coronal view of forearm, 162, 163, 164, 165 of hand, 215 sagittal view of forearm, 157 of hand, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213

Flexor digitorum superficialis m. axial view of elbow, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124 of forearm, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155 coronal view of elbow, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140 of forearm, 162, 163, 164, 165, 166 oblique coronal of elbow, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 130, 131, 133 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 144–145t sagittal view of elbow, 130, 131, 133 of forearm, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160 Flexor digitorum superficialis t. axial view of forearm, 148, 155 of hand, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204 coronal view of forearm, 163 of hand, 214, 215 sagittal view, of hand, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213 Flexor digitorum t., sagittal view of fourth toe, 393 of second toe, 395 of third toe, 394 Flexor hallucis brevis m. coronal view, of foot, 405 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 382–384t sagittal view, of foot, 396, 397, 398 Flexor hallucis brevis m., lateral head axial view, of foot, 388, 389 coronal view, of foot, 402, 403, 404 Flexor hallucis brevis m., medial head axial view, of foot, 387, 388, 389 coronal view, of foot, 402, 403, 404 Flexor hallucis longus fascia axial view, of ankle, 353 oblique axial view, of ankle, 360 Flexor hallucis longus m. axial view of ankle, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353 of leg, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333 coronal view of ankle, 378, 379 of leg, 344, 345 oblique axial view, of ankle, 359 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 322–323t sagittal view of ankle, 366, 367, 368 of leg, 336, 337, 338 Flexor hallucis longus t. axial view of ankle, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 355, 356 of foot, 387, 388, 389, 390 of leg, 327, 331, 332, 333 coronal view of ankle, 372, 373, 374, 376, 377, 378 of foot, 399, 400, 401, 402, 404, 405, 406, 407 of leg, 344 oblique axial view, of ankle, 359, 360, 361, 363, 364 sagittal view of ankle, 368, 369, 370 of foot, 395, 396, 397, 398 of leg, 338, 339 Flexor hallucis t., oblique axial view, of ankle, 363 Flexor pollicis brevis m. axial view of hand, 198, 199, 200, 201 coronal view, of hand, 214, 215 deep, sagittal view, of hand, 207, 208 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 197t sagittal view, of hand, 206 superficial, sagittal view, of hand, 207, 208 Flexor pollicis longus m. axial view, of forearm, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 155 coronal view, of forearm, 165, 166, 167 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 144–145t sagittal view, of forearm, 157, 158 Flexor pollicis longus t. axial view of forearm, 155 of hand, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203

Index  595 Flexor pollicis longus t. (Continued) coronal view, of hand, 214, 215, 216 sagittal view of forearm, 157 of hand, 205, 206, 207, 208 Flexor retinaculum axial view of ankle, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355 coronal view of ankle, 375, 376 of hand, 214 oblique axial view, of ankle, 360, 361, 362 sagittal view, of hand, 208, 209, 210 Flexor t. common axial view, of elbow, 116, 117, 118 coronal view, of arm, 107 coronal view, of foot, 400, 401 Forearm v. deep, oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 129 superficial oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 125 sagittal view, of forearm, 156 Fovea axial view of hip, 227 of hip arthrogram, 253 coronal view, of hip arthrogram, 264 Frenulum, coronal view, of female pelvis MRI, 581

G Gallbladder axial view of abdomen CT, 477, 478 of abdomen MRI, 498, 499 body coronal view, of abdomen CT, 487, 488 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 486 coronal view, of abdomen MRI, 511, 512, 513 fundus axial view, of abdomen CT, 479 coronal view, of abdomen CT, 487 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 486 neck axial view, of abdomen MRI, 497 coronal view of abdomen CT, 488, 489 of thorax CT, 453 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 485 sagittal view, of abdomen MRI, 509 Gastric a. axial view, of abdomen MRI, 496, 497 coronal view of abdomen CT, 488, 489, 490, 491 of abdomen MRI, 513 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 482, 483 of abdomen MRI, 505 Gastric v. axial view, of abdomen CT, 476 coronal view, of abdomen CT, 489, 490, 491, 492 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 482 Gastrocnemius aponeurosis axial view, of leg, 324, 326 sagittal view, of leg, 337, 338, 339 Gastrocnemius m., lateral head axial view of knee, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301 of leg, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328 coronal view of knee, 317, 318, 319, 320 of leg, 345, 346, 347 sagittal view of knee, 302, 303, 304, 305 of leg, 334, 335, 336, 337 Gastrocnemius m., medial head axial view of knee, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301 of leg, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329 coronal view of knee, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320 of leg, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347 sagittal view of knee, 307, 308, 309, 310 of leg, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341

Gastrocnemius m., origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 322–323t Gastrocnemius t., medial head axial view, of knee, 298 coronal view, of knee, 319 Gastrocolic lig. coronal view, of abdomen CT, 487 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 483 Gastrocolic trunk axial view, of abdomen CT, 479 coronal view, of abdomen CT, 488 Gastroduodenal a. coronal view, of abdomen CT, 488 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 484 Gastroepiploic a. coronal view, of abdomen CT, 487 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 483 Gastroepiploic v. coronal view, of abdomen CT, 487 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 483 Gastroesophageal junction axial view, of abdomen MRI, 494 coronal view of abdomen CT, 490, 491 of abdomen MRI, 514 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 482 of abdomen MRI, 504, 505 Gastrohepatic lig. axial view, of abdomen CT, 476 coronal view, of abdomen CT, 489 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 482 Gemellus m. axial view of male pelvis CT, 526 of male pelvis MRI, 556 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 550 of female pelvis MRI, 583 of male pelvis MRI, 569 sagittal view of hip, 236 of male pelvis CT, 528 Gemellus m., inferior axial view, of female pelvis CT, 541 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 551 of hip, 247 of male pelvis CT, 535 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 222–223t Gemellus m., superior axial view, of male pelvis CT, 525 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 551 of hip, 247 of male pelvis CT, 535 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 222–223t sagittal view of hip, 241 of male pelvis CT, 528 of male pelvis MRI, 559 Gemellus t., sagittal view, of hip, 237 Gerdy’s tubercle axial view, of knee, 300 coronal view of knee, 313 of leg, 342, 343 sagittal view, of knee, 303 Gissane’s angle, sagittal view, of ankle, 367 Glenohumeral joint axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 7 coronal view, of arm, 108, 109 Glenohumeral lig., axial view, of shoulder, 44 Glenohumeral lig., inferior ABER view, of shoulder arthrogram, 86, 87 axial view of shoulder, 44 of shoulder arthrogram, 71 oblique coronal view, of shoulder arthrogram, 79, 80 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder arthrogram, 75, 76 Glenohumeral lig., middle ABER view, of shoulder arthrogram, 84, 85 axial view of shoulder, 40 of shoulder arthrogram, 68, 69, 70

Glenohumeral lig., middle (Continued) oblique coronal view, of shoulder arthrogram, 78, 79 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder arthrogram, 75, 76 Glenohumeral lig., superior ABER view, of shoulder arthrogram, 84 axial view of shoulder, 39, 40 of shoulder arthrogram, 67, 68 oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 59 oblique sagittal view of shoulder, 49, 50, 51 of shoulder arthrogram, 75, 76 Glenoid ABER view, of shoulder arthrogram, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89 axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 6, 7, 8 of shoulder, 39, 40, 41, 42 of shoulder arthrogram, 67, 68, 70 of thorax CT, 442 coronal view of arm, 109, 110 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 28 oblique coronal view of shoulder, 59, 60, 61, 62 of shoulder arthrogram, 79, 80, 81, 82 oblique sagittal view of shoulder, 52 of shoulder arthrogram, 76, 77 sagittal view of arm, 103, 104 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 16 Glenoid, inferior ABER view, of shoulder arthrogram, 87, 88 axial view, of shoulder arthrogram, 71 Glenoid, posterior coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 29 oblique coronal view, of shoulder arthrogram, 82 Glenoid, superior axial view, of shoulder arthrogram, 67 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 28 Glenoid fossa, oblique sagittal view, of shoulder arthrogram, 76 Glenoid labrum axial view of shoulder, 40, 41, 42, 43 coronal view of arm, 108, 109 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 27 Glenoid neck, axial view, of shoulder, 41, 42 Gluteal a., inferior axial view, of hip, 226, 227 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 551 of hip, 247, 248 of lumbar spine, 433 of male pelvis CT, 536 sagittal view of female pelvis MRI, 576 of lumbar spine, 430 of male pelvis CT, 528 of male pelvis MRI, 560 Gluteal a., superior axial view of female pelvis CT, 538 of hip, 224 of male pelvis MRI, 554 coronal view of hip, 247, 248 of lumbar spine, 433 of male pelvis CT, 536 sagittal view of hip, 242 of lumbar spine, 430 of male pelvis MRI, 560 Gluteal a., trunk, coronal view, of lumbar spine, 433 Gluteal tuberosity, axial view, of hip, 231 Gluteal v., inferior axial view, of hip, 226 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 551 of lumbar spine, 433, 435 of male pelvis CT, 536 sagittal view, of male pelvis CT, 528

596  Index Gluteal v., superior axial view, of hip, 224 coronal view of lumbar spine, 433, 435 of male pelvis CT, 536 sagittal view, of hip, 242 Gluteal vessels, inferior axial view, of male pelvis MRI, 555 coronal view of female pelvis MRI, 583 of lumbar spine, 434, 435, 436 sagittal view, of hip, 241 Gluteal vessels, superior axial view, of female pelvis MRI, 572 coronal view of female pelvis MRI, 583 of lumbar spine, 434, 435, 436 sagittal view, of hip, 240, 241 Gluteus maximus m. axial view of female pelvis CT, 538, 539, 540, 541, 542 of female pelvis MRI, 572, 573, 574, 575 of hip, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232 of lumbar spine, 428 of male pelvis CT, 523, 524, 525, 526, 527 of male pelvis MRI, 554, 555, 557, 558 of thigh, 269, 270, 271 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 550, 551 of female pelvis MRI, 583, 584 of hip, 247, 248, 249 of lumbar spine, 429, 435, 436 of male pelvis CT, 535, 536 of male pelvis MRI, 569, 570 of thigh, 290, 291, 292 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 222–223t sagittal view of abdomen MRI, 502, 509 of female pelvis CT, 543, 544 of female pelvis MRI, 576, 577 of hip, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242 of lumbar spine, 430 of male pelvis CT, 528, 529 of male pelvis MRI, 559, 560, 561, 562 of thigh, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285 Gluteus medius m. axial view of female pelvis CT, 538, 539, 540, 541 of female pelvis MRI, 572, 573, 574, 575 of hip, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229 of lumbar spine, 426, 427, 429 of male pelvis CT, 522, 523, 524, 525, 526 of male pelvis MRI, 553, 554, 555, 556, 557 coronal view of abdomen CT, 492 of abdomen MRI, 514, 515, 516 of female pelvis CT, 546, 547, 548, 549, 550, 551 of female pelvis MRI, 581, 582, 583 of hip, 244, 245, 246, 247 of lumbar spine, 434, 435, 436 of male pelvis CT, 531, 532, 533, 534, 535 of male pelvis MRI, 566, 567, 568, 569 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 222–223t sagittal view of abdomen CT, 481 of abdomen MRI, 502, 503, 509 of female pelvis CT, 543 of hip, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239 of lumbar spine, 429 of male pelvis CT, 528 of male pelvis MRI, 559 Gluteus medius t. axial view of female pelvis CT, 540 of hip, 226, 227 of hip arthrogram, 251, 252, 253 coronal view, of male pelvis MRI, 568 sagittal view, of hip, 236 Gluteus minimus m. axial view of female pelvis CT, 538, 539, 540 of female pelvis MRI, 572, 573, 574 of hip, 224, 225, 226

Gluteus minimus m. (Continued) of male pelvis CT, 523, 524, 525, 526 of male pelvis MRI, 555, 556, 557 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 548, 549, 550 of female pelvis MRI, 581, 582 of hip, 244, 245, 246, 247 of lumbar spine, 433 of male pelvis CT, 533, 534, 535 of male pelvis MRI, 566, 567, 568 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 222–223t sagittal view, of hip, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239 Gluteus minimus t. axial view of hip, 227, 228 of hip arthrogram, 253 sagittal view, of hip, 234, 235 Gonadal v. axial view, of abdomen CT, 479, 480 coronal view of abdomen CT, 490 of female pelvis CT, 550 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 482, 485 of female pelvis CT, 544 Gracilis m. axial view of hip, 231, 232 of knee, 295 of male pelvis MRI, 558 of thigh, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276 coronal view of female pelvis MRI, 582 of hip, 244, 245, 246 of knee, 320 of male pelvis MRI, 566, 567 of thigh, 290, 291, 292, 293 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 268t sagittal view of male pelvis MRI, 561, 562 of thigh, 282, 283, 284, 285 Gracilis t. axial view, of knee, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300 coronal view of knee, 317, 318, 319, 320 of leg, 345 sagittal view, of knee, 309, 310 Greater saphenous v. axial view of ankle, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353 of hip, 229, 230, 231, 232 of knee, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301 of leg, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333 of male pelvis MRI, 557, 558 of thigh, 269, 272, 275, 276 coronal view of ankle, 372, 373, 374 of female pelvis MRI, 581 of foot, 407 of hip, 243 of knee, 316, 317 of leg, 343, 344 of male pelvis MRI, 565 of thigh, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291 oblique axial view, of ankle, 359, 360, 361, 362 sagittal view of ankle, 370 of hip, 239, 240 of leg, 340, 341 of male pelvis MRI, 559 of thigh, 284, 285 Greater sciatic foramen, coronal view, of hip, 247 Greater sciatic notch, sagittal view, of hip, 241 Greater trochanter axial view of female pelvis CT, 541 of female pelvis MRI, 574, 575 of hip, 227, 228 of hip arthrogram, 254, 255 of male pelvis CT, 525 of male pelvis MRI, 556 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 548, 549, 550 of female pelvis MRI, 582, 583

Greater trochanter (Continued) of hip, 246, 247 of hip arthrogram, 265, 266 of male pelvis CT, 534, 535 of male pelvis MRI, 568 of thigh, 288, 289 sagittal view of hip, 234, 235, 236, 237 of thigh, 277, 278 Greater tuberosity of humerus ABER view, of shoulder arthrogram, 85, 86, 87, 88 axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 6, 8 of shoulder, 39, 40, 41 of shoulder arthrogram, 68, 69, 70, 71 coronal view of arm, 107, 108, 109 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 26, 27, 28 oblique coronal view of shoulder, 60, 61, 62 of shoulder arthrogram, 79, 80, 81, 82 oblique sagittal view of shoulder, 46, 47 of shoulder arthrogram, 72 sagittal view of arm, 100 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 14

H Hamate coronal view, of hand, 216, 217 sagittal view, of hand, 210, 211 Hamate, hook coronal view, of hand, 214, 215 sagittal view, of hand, 210 Hamstring fascia, axial view, of thigh, 272, 273 Hamstring t., common, axial view of female pelvis CT, 542 of hip, 229 of male pelvis CT, 527 Heart axial view of abdomen CT, 475 of abdomen MRI, 494, 495 coronal view, of abdomen MRI, 511, 512, 513, 514, 515 sagittal view, of abdomen MRI, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507 Hemiazygos v. axial view of abdomen MRI, 496 of thoracic spine, 416 of thorax CT, 447, 448 coronal view, of thoracic spine, 420 sagittal view, of thoracic spine, 418 Hemidiaphragm coronal view, of thorax CT, 457, 458 sagittal view, of abdomen MRI, 505 Hepatic a. axial view of abdomen CT, 476, 477 of abdomen MRI, 496, 497 coronal view, of abdomen CT, 488 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 484, 485 of abdomen MRI, 508 Hepatic a., common axial view of abdomen CT, 477 of abdomen MRI, 497 coronal view of abdomen CT, 489, 490 of abdomen MRI, 513 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 484 of abdomen MRI, 506 Hepatic a., proper coronal view, of abdomen CT, 489 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 484, 485 of abdomen MRI, 507 Hepatic cyst, axial view, of abdomen MRI, 496 Hepatic duct, common, sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 485

Index  597 Hepatic v. axial view of abdomen CT, 475, 476, 477 of abdomen MRI, 494 coronal view of abdomen CT, 488, 491 of abdomen MRI, 513, 515 Hepatic v., middle axial view of abdomen CT, 475, 476, 477 of abdomen MRI, 494 coronal view of abdomen CT, 488, 490 of abdomen MRI, 513 Hepatoduodenal lig., coronal view, of abdomen CT, 488 Hilum, posterior, coronal view, of heart MRI, 469 Hip coronal view, of male pelvis MRI, 566, 567 sagittal view of female pelvis CT, 543 of male pelvis CT, 528 Hip capsule axial view, 226 coronal view, 582 Humeral circumflex a., anterior oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 59, 60 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder, 48, 49, 50, 52 sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 15 Humeral circumflex a., posterior axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 8, 9 of shoulder, 44, 45 coronal view of arm, 110 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 15 oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder, 49, 50, 51, 52 sagittal view of arm, 102, 103 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 29 Humeral circumflex vessels oblique sagittal view, of shoulder arthrogram, 75, 76 posterior oblique coronal view, of shoulder arthrogram, 83 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder arthrogram, 78 Humeral diaphysis ABER view, of shoulder arthrogram, 86, 87 axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 10, 12 of shoulder, 45 coronal view of arm, 107, 108 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 28, 29, 30, 31 oblique coronal view of shoulder, 62 of shoulder arthrogram, 83 oblique sagittal view of shoulder, 50 of shoulder arthrogram, 75 sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 15 Humeral epiphysis, oblique sagittal view, of shoulder, 46, 47, 49, 50, 51 Humeral head ABER view, of shoulder arthrogram, 85, 86, 87, 88 articular cartilage, 40 axial view of elbow, 123 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 6, 7 of shoulder, 39, 40, 41 of shoulder arthrogram, 67, 68, 69 of thorax CT, 442 coronal view of arm, 107, 108, 109, 110 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 26, 27, 28 medial, sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 16 oblique coronal view of shoulder, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63 of shoulder arthrogram, 79, 80, 81 oblique sagittal view of elbow, 132, 133 of shoulder, 48, 49, 50 of shoulder arthrogram, 72, 73, 74, 75

Humeral head (Continued) posterior ABER view, of shoulder arthrogram, 88, 89 oblique coronal view, of shoulder arthrogram, 83 sagittal view of arm, 100, 101, 102, 103 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 14, 15, 16 Humeral lig., transverse, axial view, of shoulder, 40 Humeral metaphysis, oblique sagittal view, of shoulder, 47 Humeral physis, oblique sagittal view, of shoulder, 46, 47, 48 Humeral surgical neck ABER view, of shoulder arthrogram, 85, 86, 87 axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 8 of shoulder arthrogram, 71 oblique coronal view of shoulder, 61, 62 of shoulder arthrogram, 81, 82 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder arthrogram, 73, 74 Humerus axial view of arm, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 9 of shoulder, 42, 43, 44 coronal view of arm, 109 of elbow, 139, 140 of shoulder, 63 of shoulder arthrogram, 83 oblique coronal view of elbow, 139, 140 of shoulder, 63 of shoulder arthrogram, 83 oblique sagittal view of elbow, 127, 128, 130 of shoulder, 48, 49 sagittal view of arm, 100, 101 of elbow, 127, 128, 130 of shoulder, 48, 49 spiral groove, coronal view, of arm, 109 Humphrey’s lig. axial view, of knee, 298 coronal view, of knee, 317 sagittal view, of knee, 307

I Ileocecal valve axial view, of male pelvis CT, 523 coronal view of abdomen CT, 488 of female pelvis CT, 547 Ileocolic a. axial view, of male pelvis CT, 522 coronal view, of female pelvis CT, 548 Ileocolic v., coronal view of female pelvis CT, 548 of male pelvis CT, 532 Ileum axial view of abdomen CT, 479, 480 of female pelvis CT, 538 of male pelvis CT, 523 coronal view of abdomen CT, 487, 488 of female pelvis CT, 546 of male pelvis CT, 531, 532, 533 sagittal view, of female pelvis CT, 543, 544 Iliac a., common axial view of abdomen CT, 480 of lumbar spine, 426 of male pelvis CT, 522 of male pelvis MRI, 553 coronal view of abdomen CT, 488 of abdomen MRI, 512 of female pelvis CT, 548, 549 of female pelvis MRI, 581 of lumbar spine, 432 of male pelvis CT, 532, 533 of male pelvis MRI, 566, 567

Iliac a., common (Continued) sagittal view of abdomen CT, 482, 483, 484 of abdomen MRI, 507 of female pelvis CT, 544 of lumbar spine, 431 of male pelvis CT, 529, 530 of male pelvis MRI, 562, 563, 564 Iliac a., external axial view of female pelvis CT, 538, 539, 540 of hip, 225 of lumbar spine, 427, 428 of male pelvis CT, 523, 524, 525 of male pelvis MRI, 554, 555 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 547, 548 of hip, 245 of lumbar spine, 432 of male pelvis CT, 532 of male pelvis MRI, 566 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 484 of female pelvis CT, 543, 544 of male pelvis CT, 528 of male pelvis MRI, 560, 561 Iliac a., internal axial view of female pelvis CT, 538, 539 of lumbar spine, 427, 428 of male pelvis CT, 523, 524 of male pelvis MRI, 553, 554 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 550, 551 of male pelvis CT, 533, 534, 535 of male pelvis MRI, 567 sagittal view of female pelvis CT, 543, 544 of lumbar spine, 430 of male pelvis CT, 529 of male pelvis MRI, 562 Iliac bifurcation, sagittal view, of male pelvis CT, 529 Iliac circumflex v., superficial, coronal view, of hip, 243 Iliac circumflex vessels, superficial, coronal view, of male pelvis MRI, 565 Iliac crest axial view of abdomen CT, 480 of lumbar spine, 426 of male pelvis CT, 522 of male pelvis MRI, 553 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 546, 547, 548, 549, 550 of female pelvis MRI, 580, 581 of lumbar spine, 435, 436 of male pelvis CT, 534 of male pelvis MRI, 565 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 486 of hip, 236 of male pelvis CT, 528 Iliac spine, anterior inferior axial view of female pelvis CT, 539 of female pelvis MRI, 574 of hip, 225 of male pelvis CT, 523, 524 of male pelvis MRI, 555 coronal view, of hip, 244 sagittal view, of hip, 235, 236, 237 Iliac spine, anterior superior axial view of female pelvis CT, 538 of female pelvis MRI, 572 of male pelvis CT, 523 of male pelvis MRI, 554 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 546 of female pelvis MRI, 580 of hip, 244 of male pelvis CT, 531, 532 sagittal view, of hip, 235, 236 Iliac v., common axial view of abdomen CT, 480

598  Index Iliac v., common (Continued) of lumbar spine, 426, 427 of male pelvis CT, 522, 523 of male pelvis MRI, 553 coronal view of abdomen CT, 488 of female pelvis CT, 549, 550 of lumbar spine, 432 of male pelvis CT, 533 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 483, 484 of female pelvis CT, 544, 545 of lumbar spine, 431 of male pelvis CT, 529 of male pelvis MRI, 563 Iliac v., external axial view of female pelvis CT, 538, 539, 540 of hip, 225 of lumbar spine, 428 of male pelvis CT, 524, 525 of male pelvis MRI, 554, 555 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 547, 548, 549 of hip, 245 of male pelvis CT, 532, 533 of male pelvis MRI, 566 sagittal view of female pelvis CT, 543 of male pelvis MRI, 560, 561 Iliac v., internal axial view of female pelvis CT, 538, 539 of lumbar spine, 427, 428 of male pelvis CT, 524 of male pelvis MRI, 553, 554 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 550, 551 of male pelvis CT, 533, 534, 535 sagittal view of female pelvis CT, 544 of male pelvis CT, 529 of male pelvis MRI, 562, 563 Iliac vessels, common, sagittal view of abdomen MRI, 504, 507 of female pelvis MRI, 577, 578 Iliac vessels, coronal view, of lumbar spine, 433 Iliac vessels, external axial view of female pelvis MRI, 572, 573 of hip, 224 coronal view, of hip, 245, 246 sagittal view of hip, 241 of male pelvis MRI, 560 Iliac vessels, internal axial view of female pelvis MRI, 572 of hip, 224 coronal view of female pelvis MRI, 582 of male pelvis MRI, 568, 569 sagittal view of female pelvis MRI, 576 of male pelvis MRI, 560, 561 Iliac wing, coronal view, of hip, 244 Iliacus, axial view, of male pelvis CT, 523 Iliacus m. axial view of female pelvis CT, 538 of female pelvis MRI, 572 of lumbar spine, 426, 428, 429 of male pelvis MRI, 553, 554 coronal view of abdomen CT, 490 of abdomen MRI, 513 of female pelvis CT, 546, 547, 548, 549, 550 of female pelvis MRI, 580, 581, 582 of hip, 245 of lumbar spine, 432, 433, 434 of male pelvis CT, 532, 533, 534 of male pelvis MRI, 566, 567, 568 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 222–223t sagittal view of abdomen CT, 481

Iliacus m. (Continued) of abdomen MRI, 502, 503, 509 of female pelvis CT, 543 of lumbar spine, 429 of male pelvis CT, 528 of male pelvis MRI, 559, 560 Iliocostalis cervicis m., origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 412–414t Iliocostalis lumborum m. axial view of abdomen MRI, 495, 496, 498, 499, 500, 501 of lumbar spine, 425, 426, 427, 428 coronal view of abdomen MRI, 516, 517 of lumbar spine, 429, 436, 437 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 412–414t sagittal view of abdomen MRI, 503, 509 of female pelvis CT, 544 of lumbar spine, 429 Iliocostalis m. axial view of abdomen CT, 475, 477, 479, 480 of male pelvis CT, 522 of male pelvis MRI, 553 coronal view of abdomen CT, 492 of male pelvis CT, 535, 536 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 481, 482, 483, 486 of female pelvis CT, 543 of male pelvis CT, 529 Iliocostalis thoracis m. axial view, of thoracic spine, 415, 416 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 412–414t sagittal view, of thoracic spine, 417 Iliofemoral lig. axial view, of hip arthrogram, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256 coronal view, of hip arthrogram, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266 sagittal view, of hip arthrogram, 257, 258, 259 Iliohypogastric n., coronal view, of female pelvis MRI, 580 Iliolumbar a. axial view, of lumbar spine, 428 coronal view, of lumbar spine, 433 sagittal view, of lumbar spine, 430 Iliolumbar lig. axial view, of lumbar spine, 426 coronal view, of lumbar spine, 435 transverse part, sagittal view, of lumbar spine, 429 Iliolumbar v., axial view, of lumbar spine, 428 Iliolumbar vessels axial view, of lumbar spine, 427 iliac branches, coronal view, of lumbar spine, 434 Iliopsoas m. axial view of female pelvis CT, 538, 539, 540, 541, 542 of female pelvis MRI, 573, 574, 575 of hip, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230 of male pelvis CT, 523, 524, 525, 526, 527 of male pelvis MRI, 554, 555, 556, 557, 558 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 546, 547, 548, 549 of female pelvis MRI, 581 of hip, 244, 245, 246 of lumbar spine, 432 of male pelvis CT, 531, 532, 533 of male pelvis MRI, 565, 566 of thigh, 287, 288 sagittal view of female pelvis CT, 543 of hip, 236, 237, 240, 241 of lumbar spine, 429 of male pelvis CT, 528 of male pelvis MRI, 559 of thigh, 281, 282, 283 Iliopsoas t. axial view of hip, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230 of hip arthrogram, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256 coronal view, of hip, 245, 246 sagittal view of hip, 238, 239, 240 of hip arthrogram, 258, 259, 260

Iliotibial band axial view of female pelvis MRI, 575 of hip, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232 of knee, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300 of male pelvis MRI, 557 of thigh, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276 coronal view of hip, 245, 246, 247 of knee, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317 of leg, 342, 343 of male pelvis MRI, 568, 569 of thigh, 290 sagittal view of hip, 233, 234 of thigh, 277 Iliotibial tract axial view of female pelvis CT, 541, 542 of hip, 229 of male pelvis CT, 527 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 548, 549 of thigh, 289 Ilium axial view of female pelvis CT, 538, 539 of female pelvis MRI, 572, 573, 574 of hip, 224, 225, 226 of lumbar spine, 426, 427, 428, 429 of male pelvis MRI, 553 coronal view of abdomen CT, 492 of abdomen MRI, 515, 516 of female pelvis CT, 547, 548, 549, 551 of female pelvis MRI, 582, 583 of hip, 245, 247, 248 of hip arthrogram, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266 of lumbar spine, 432, 433, 434, 435, 437 of male pelvis CT, 532, 533 of male pelvis MRI, 566, 568, 570 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 481 of abdomen MRI, 502, 503, 509 of female pelvis CT, 543 of female pelvis MRI, 576 of hip, 235, 236, 237, 240, 241, 242 of hip arthrogram, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261 of lumbar spine, 430 of male pelvis MRI, 559, 560, 561 Inferior articular recess, 256 Inferior vena cava axial view of abdomen CT, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479, 480 of abdomen MRI, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501 of heart MRI, 463 of lumbar spine, 425 of male pelvis CT, 522 of thorax CT, 447 coronal view of abdomen CT, 488, 489, 490, 491 of abdomen MRI, 513, 514, 515 of female pelvis CT, 548, 549 of lumbar spine, 432, 433 of male pelvis CT, 533 of thorax CT, 455, 456 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 484 of abdomen MRI, 507, 508 of heart MRI, 466 of lumbar spine, 430, 431 of male pelvis CT, 530 of male pelvis MRI, 563 of thorax CT, 451, 452 Infraglenoid tubercle ABER view, of shoulder arthrogram, 89 axial view, of shoulder arthrogram, 71 oblique sagittal view of shoulder, 52 of shoulder arthrogram, 77 Infrahyoid m. axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 4 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 25

Index  599 Infrapatellar fat pad axial view, of knee, 298, 299, 300 coronal view of knee, 311, 312 of leg, 342 sagittal view of knee, 304, 305, 306, 307 of leg, 336, 337, 338 Infraspinatus m. ABER view, of shoulder arthrogram, 87, 88 axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 of shoulder, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43 of shoulder arthrogram, 67, 68, 69 coronal view of arm, 110, 111, 112, 113 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 of thoracic spine, 420, 421, 422, 423 oblique coronal view of shoulder, 61, 62, 63, 64 of shoulder arthrogram, 81, 82, 83 oblique sagittal view of shoulder, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55 of shoulder arthrogram, 75, 76, 77 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 35t, 412–414t sagittal view of arm, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 Infraspinatus t. ABER view, of shoulder arthrogram, 86, 87 axial view of shoulder, 39, 40, 41 of shoulder arthrogram, 67, 68 oblique coronal view of shoulder, 61, 62, 63, 64 of shoulder arthrogram, 81, 82, 83 oblique sagittal view of shoulder, 47, 48, 49, 50 of shoulder arthrogram, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77 sagittal view of arm, 102 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 16 Inguinal lig., coronal view of female pelvis CT, 546 of hip, 243 Inguinal lymph nodes coronal view of female pelvis CT, 546 of female pelvis MRI, 580 of male pelvis CT, 531 of male pelvis MRI, 565 sagittal view, of male pelvis CT, 528 Innominate bone, axial view, of male pelvis MRI, 555, 556 Intercarpal lig., coronal view, of hand, 216 Interclavicular lig., coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 25 Intercondylar eminence, coronal view, of knee, 315, 316 Intercondylar fossa, axial view, of knee, 297, 298 Intercondylar notch coronal view of knee, 315, 316 of leg, 343 Intercostal a. coronal view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 30, 31 of thoracic spine, 420, 421 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 482 of thoracic spine, 417 Intercostal m. axial view of abdomen CT, 477 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 12 coronal view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 24, 31, 33 of thoracic spine, 420, 421 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 481 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 20, 21, 22 Intercostal n. coronal view, of thoracic spine, 420, 421 sagittal view, of thoracic spine, 417 Intercostal neurovascular bundle, sagittal view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 21, 23 of thoracic spine, 418

Intercostal v. axial view, of thorax CT, 447 coronal view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 30, 31 of thoracic spine, 420 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 482 of thoracic spine, 417 Intercostal vessels axial view of abdomen CT, 475 of thoracic spine, 415 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 31, 32 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 481 Intercuneiform lig. axial view, of foot, 386 coronal view, of foot, 405 Interlobar a. axial view, of thorax CT, 445 coronal view, of thorax CT, 454, 456, 457 Intermalleolar lig., posterior, coronal view, of ankle, 377 Intermetatarsal lig. axial view, of foot, 387 coronal view, of foot, 404 Intermuscular septum, lateral axial view of elbow, 118, 119 of thigh, 270 oblique coronal, of elbow, 139 sagittal view, of thigh, 277, 278 Interosseous a., anterior axial view of elbow, 118, 119, 122, 123, 124 of forearm, 146, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154 coronal view of elbow, 138, 139 of forearm, 165, 166, 168 oblique coronal, of elbow, 138, 139 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 129 sagittal view of elbow, 129 of forearm, 158, 159 Interosseous a., common axial view of elbow, 123, 124 of forearm, 146 oblique coronal, of elbow, 137, 138 sagittal view, of forearm, 159 Interosseous a., oblique coronal, of elbow, 138 Interosseous a., posterior axial view of elbow, 124 of forearm, 147, 148, 149, 150, 155 coronal view, of forearm, 168, 169 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 127 sagittal view of elbow, 127 of forearm, 158, 159, 160 Interosseous m. axial view, of hand, 204 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 197t Interosseous m. dorsal 1st axial view, of hand, 199, 200, 202, 203 coronal view, of hand, 216, 217 sagittal view, of hand, 205, 206, 207 2nd axial view, of hand, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203 coronal view, of hand, 216, 217, 218 sagittal view, of hand, 208, 209 3rd axial view, of hand, 200, 201, 202, 203 coronal view, of hand, 216, 217 sagittal view, of hand, 210 4th axial view, of hand, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203 coronal view, of hand, 216, 217 sagittal view, of hand, 211, 212 axial view, of foot, 385, 386, 387, 388 coronal view, of foot, 401, 402, 403, 404 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 382–384t sagittal view, of foot, 391, 392, 393, 394, 395

Interosseous m., palmar 1st axial view, of hand, 200, 202, 203 coronal view, of hand, 216 2nd axial view, of hand, 201, 202 coronal view, of hand, 216 sagittal view of hand, 210 of wrist, 185 3rd axial view, of hand, 199, 200, 201, 202 coronal view, of hand, 216 sagittal view of hand, 211, 212 of wrist, 185 axial view, of hand, 200, 201 Interosseous m., plantar axial view, of foot, 388, 389 coronal view, of foot, 401, 402, 403, 404 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 382–384t sagittal view, of foot, 392, 393, 395, 396 Interosseous membrane axial view of ankle, 349 of forearm, 149, 150, 151, 152 of leg, 325, 326, 327, 330, 331, 332, 333 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 128 Interosseous n., anterior axial view of elbow, 119, 120, 121 of forearm, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154 coronal view of elbow, 138, 139 of forearm, 165, 166 oblique coronal, of elbow, 138, 139 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 129 sagittal view of elbow, 129 of forearm, 158 Interosseous n., posterior axial view, of forearm, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154 coronal view of elbow, 139 of forearm, 168, 169 oblique coronal, of elbow, 139 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 127 sagittal view of elbow, 127 of forearm, 159, 160 Interosseous sacroiliac lig. coronal view, of lumbar spine, 436, 437 sagittal view, of lumbar spine, 430 Interosseous t., coronal view of foot, 399 of hand, 216 Interosseous v., posterior, sagittal view, of forearm, 159 Interosseous vessels, posterior, oblique coronal, of elbow, 139 Interphalangeal joint distal, sagittal view, of hand, 207, 208, 209, 211 proximal, sagittal view, of hand, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213 sagittal view, of hand, 205 Interspinales cervicis m., origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 412–414t Interspinales lumborum m., origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 412–414t Interspinales thoracis m. axial view, of thoracic spine, 416 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 412–414t sagittal view, of thoracic spine, 419 Interspinous lig. coronal view, of thoracic spine, 422 sagittal view of lumbar spine, 431 of thoracic spine, 419 Intertransversarii anteriores cervicis m., origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 412–414t Intertransversarii laterales lumbar m., origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 412–414t Intertransversarii thoracis m., origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 412–414t

600  Index Intertransversarius m. coronal view, of lumbar spine, 435 sagittal view, of thoracic spine, 418 Intertrochanteric crest, coronal view of female pelvis MRI, 583 of male pelvis MRI, 568 Interventricular septum axial view, of thorax CT, 446, 447 sagittal view, of thorax CT, 449, 450 Intervertebral disc coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 30 sagittal view of abdomen MRI, 506, 507 of heart MRI, 465 of male pelvis MRI, 564 of thoracic spine, 419 Intraventricular septum, axial view, of heart MRI, 462 Ischial ramus axial view of female pelvis CT, 542 of male pelvis CT, 527 coronal view of male pelvis CT, 534 of male pelvis MRI, 568 sagittal view of female pelvis CT, 543, 544 of male pelvis MRI, 560, 561, 562 Ischial spine, axial view of female pelvis MRI, 574 of hip, 227 of hip arthrogram, 253 of male pelvis CT, 525 of male pelvis MRI, 556 Ischial tuberosity axial view of female pelvis CT, 541 of hip, 228, 229, 230 of male pelvis CT, 526, 527 of male pelvis MRI, 557 coronal view of male pelvis CT, 536 of male pelvis MRI, 569 sagittal view of male pelvis CT, 528, 529 of male pelvis MRI, 559 Ischioanal fossa, coronal view, of female pelvis MRI, 583 Ischiocavernosus m. axial view of male pelvis CT, 527 of male pelvis MRI, 557, 558 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 548, 549 of male pelvis CT, 534, 535 of male pelvis MRI, 568 sagittal view of female pelvis CT, 544 of male pelvis CT, 529 of male pelvis MRI, 561, 562 Ischiofemoral lig. axial view, of hip arthrogram, 252, 253, 254, 255 coronal view, of hip arthrogram, 266 sagittal view, of hip arthrogram, 257, 258, 259 Ischiorectal fossa axial view of female pelvis CT, 540, 541, 542 of female pelvis MRI, 574 of male pelvis CT, 526 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 551 of male pelvis CT, 535, 536 of male pelvis MRI, 568 sagittal view of female pelvis CT, 543, 544 of male pelvis CT, 529 Ischium axial view of female pelvis CT, 541 of female pelvis MRI, 575 of hip, 228 of hip arthrogram, 255, 256 of male pelvis MRI, 557, 558 of thigh, 269 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 550, 551 of female pelvis MRI, 583

Ischium (Continued) of hip, 246, 247 of hip arthrogram, 263, 264, 265 of male pelvis CT, 535 of male pelvis MRI, 569 of thigh, 291, 292 sagittal view of female pelvis CT, 543 of female pelvis MRI, 576 of hip, 240, 241, 242 of hip arthrogram, 260, 261 of male pelvis MRI, 560 of thigh, 283, 284

J Jejunum axial view of abdomen CT, 478, 479, 480 of abdomen MRI, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501 coronal view of abdomen CT, 487, 489, 490, 491 of abdomen MRI, 511, 512, 513, 514, 515 of female pelvis CT, 546, 547, 548 of male pelvis CT, 532 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 481 Joint capsule axial view, of lumbar spine, 425 coronal view of hand, 216 of hip, 582 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder arthrogram, 75 Jugular v. axial view, of thorax CT, 442 coronal view, of thorax CT, 453, 454 Jugular v., anterior axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 6, 7 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 25 sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 22, 23 Jugular v., external axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 6 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 26, 27 sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 20, 21 Jugular v., internal axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 6 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 26 sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 23

K Kager’s triangle axial view, of ankle, 352, 353, 354, 355 coronal view, of ankle, 379, 380 sagittal view, of ankle, 367, 368 Kidney left axial view of abdomen CT, 477, 478, 479 of abdomen MRI, 496, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501 of lumbar spine, 429 coronal view of abdomen CT, 491, 492 of abdomen MRI, 515, 516, 517 of lumbar spine, 435 of thoracic spine, 420 of thorax CT, 457 sagittal view of abdomen MRI, 502, 503, 504 of heart MRI, 464 of thoracic spine, 417 of thorax CT, 449 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 481 left inferior pole axial view, of abdomen CT, 479 coronal view, of abdomen CT, 491 left superior pole axial view, of abdomen CT, 476, 477 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 482 left upper pole, axial view, of abdomen MRI, 496 right axial view of abdomen CT, 477, 478, 479 of abdomen MRI, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501 of lumbar spine, 429

Kidney (Continued) coronal view of abdomen CT, 491, 492 of abdomen MRI, 515, 516, 517 of lumbar spine, 436 of thoracic spine, 420 of thorax CT, 457 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 485, 486 of abdomen MRI, 508, 509 right inferior pole axial view, of abdomen CT, 479 coronal view of abdomen CT, 490 of lumbar spine, 434 right superior pole axial view, of abdomen CT, 476, 477 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 485 right upper pole, axial view, of abdomen MRI, 496 sagittal view, of lumbar spine, 430

L L1 transverse process, 436 vertebra, 434 L2 nerve, 435 pedicle, 435 spinal ganglion, 435 spinous process, 437 vertebra, 425 vertebral body, 490 L3 nerve, 434 nerve root, 425 pedicle, 434 spinous process, 431 transverse process, 430 vertebral body, 491 L3–4 disc, 425 L4 dorsal ramus of spinal n., 434 inferior facet, 426, 427 nerve, 434 nerve root, sagittal view, 563 spinous process, 426, 427, 564 vertebral body coronal view, 533, 534, 549, 550 sagittal view, 530, 545, 564 L4–5 annulus fibrosus, 431 facet joint, 427 intervertebral disc, 579 nucleus pulposus, 431, 433 L4–5 disc, 426 L5 inferior facet, 431 lamina, 427 laminar arch, 435 lateral recess, 426, 427 nerve, 427, 434, 435 nerve root, 431 pars interarticularis, 431 pedicle, 426, 427, 431 spinal ganglion, 427 spinous process, 427, 428, 436, 437 superior facet, 426, 427, 431 transverse process, 435 vertebra, 426, 427, 433 vertebral body axial view, 553 coronal view, 533, 534, 550, 567, 582 sagittal view, 544, 563, 578, 579 L5–S1 articular facet, 427 facet joint, 428 intervertebral disc axial view, 427 coronal view, 433, 550, 582 sagittal view, 431, 530, 578, 579 Labium majus pudendi, coronal view, of female pelvis MRI, 581 Labium minus pudendi, coronal view, of female pelvis CT, 549

Index  601 Labrum, anterior ABER view, of shoulder arthrogram, 85, 86, 87, 88 axial view of hip arthrogram, 251, 252, 253, 254 of shoulder, 41 of shoulder arthrogram, 67, 68, 69, 70 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder arthrogram, 75, 76 sagittal view, of hip arthrogram, 257, 258, 260 Labrum, anterior superior, coronal view, of hip arthrogram, 262, 263 Labrum, inferior ABER view, of shoulder arthrogram, 87, 88 axial view, of shoulder, 43 coronal view, of hip arthrogram, 266 oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 60 sagittal view, of hip arthrogram, 260 Labrum, oblique coronal view, of shoulder arthrogram, 79, 80, 81 Labrum, posterior ABER view, of shoulder arthrogram, 86, 87, 88 axial view of hip arthrogram, 251, 252, 253, 254 of shoulder, 41, 42 of shoulder arthrogram, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71 coronal view, of hip arthrogram, 265, 266 oblique coronal view, of shoulder arthrogram, 82 oblique sagittal view of shoulder, 52 of shoulder arthrogram, 76 sagittal view, of hip arthrogram, 257, 258, 259, 260 Labrum, superior ABER view, of shoulder arthrogram, 85 axial view, of shoulder arthrogram, 67 coronal view, of hip arthrogram, 263, 264, 265 oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 59, 60, 61 oblique sagittal view of shoulder, 52 of shoulder arthrogram, 75 sagittal view, of hip arthrogram, 257 Lamina, axial view, of lumbar spine, 425 Laryngeal n., recurrent, axial view, of thorax CT, 442 Lateral meniscus anterior horn, sagittal view, of knee, 303, 304, 305 body coronal view, of knee, 315, 317 sagittal view, of knee, 302 coronal view, of knee, 315 posterior horn coronal view, of knee, 317 sagittal view, of knee, 303, 304, 305 sagittal view, of knee, 303 Lateral recess, sagittal view, of thoracic spine, 419 Latissimus dorsi m. axial view of abdomen CT, 475, 479, 480 of abdomen MRI, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498, 501 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of shoulder, 45 coronal view of abdomen MRI, 516, 517 of arm, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 of thoracic spine, 420, 421, 422 oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 35t, 412–414t sagittal view of abdomen CT, 481, 482, 486 of arm, 102, 103, 104 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 Latissimus dorsi t. axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 10 of shoulder, 44, 45 coronal view, of arm, 108 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder, 49, 50, 51 sagittal view, of arm, 102, 103 Lesser saphenous v. axial view of ankle, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354 of knee, 295, 296, 297, 298, 300, 301 of leg, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329

Lesser saphenous v. (Continued) coronal view of ankle, 374, 375, 378, 379 of leg, 345 oblique axial view, of ankle, 359, 360, 362 sagittal view of ankle, 365, 366 of knee, 306 Lesser trochanter axial view of hip, 231 of male pelvis CT, 527 of male pelvis MRI, 558 of thigh, 269 coronal view of female pelvis MRI, 583 of hip, 246 of hip arthrogram, 266 of male pelvis CT, 534 of male pelvis MRI, 568 of thigh, 290 sagittal view of hip, 237, 238 of thigh, 280, 281 Lesser tuberosity of humerus ABER view, of shoulder arthrogram, 84 axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 8 of shoulder, 41, 42 of shoulder arthrogram, 69, 70 coronal view of arm, 106, 107 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 25, 26 oblique coronal view of shoulder, 59 of shoulder arthrogram, 78, 79 oblique sagittal view of shoulder, 48 of shoulder arthrogram, 73, 74 sagittal view of arm, 101, 102 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 15 Levator ani m. axial view of female pelvis CT, 540, 541 of female pelvis MRI, 575 of male pelvis CT, 526 of male pelvis MRI, 557 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 551 of female pelvis MRI, 583, 584 of hip, 248 of male pelvis CT, 535, 536 of male pelvis MRI, 568, 569, 570 sagittal view of female pelvis CT, 544 of female pelvis MRI, 577 of male pelvis CT, 529 of male pelvis MRI, 561, 562, 563 Levator costae m., coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 32 Levator scapulae m. axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 6 coronal view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 28, 29, 30, 31 of thoracic spine, 421 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 412–414t sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 21, 22 Ligamentum flavum axial view, of lumbar spine, 425, 428 sagittal view of lumbar spine, 431 of thoracic spine, 419 Ligamentum teres coronal view, of abdomen CT, 487 fissure axial view of abdomen CT, 476, 477 of abdomen MRI, 497, 498 coronal view, of abdomen MRI, 510, 511 sagittal view, of abdomen MRI, 508 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 485 Ligamentum teres femoris axial view, of hip arthrogram, 252, 253, 254 coronal view, of hip arthrogram, 263, 264, 265 sagittal view, of hip arthrogram, 260, 261

Ligamentum venosum axial view, of abdomen MRI, 495 coronal view, of abdomen CT, 490 fissure axial view, of abdomen CT, 476 sagittal view, of abdomen MRI, 507 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 483 Linea alba axial view of abdomen CT, 477 of abdomen MRI, 500, 501 of female pelvis CT, 538, 539, 540 of male pelvis CT, 522, 523, 524 of male pelvis MRI, 553, 554, 555 sagittal view, of abdomen MRI, 505, 506 Linea aspera, axial view, of thigh, 272 Linea semilunaris, axial view of female pelvis CT, 538, 539 of male pelvis CT, 523, 524 of male pelvis MRI, 554 Lisfranc lig. axial view, of foot, 386 coronal view, of foot, 405 Liver axial view of abdomen CT, 476, 477, 478, 479 of abdomen MRI, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501 of heart MRI, 463 of thorax CT, 447, 448 coronal view of abdomen CT, 487, 488, 489, 490, 491, 492 of abdomen MRI, 510, 511, 512, 513, 514, 516, 517 of heart MRI, 467, 468, 469 of thoracic spine, 420 of thorax CT, 453, 455, 457 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 481, 482, 483, 484, 485, 486 of abdomen MRI, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509 of heart MRI, 464, 465, 466 of thorax CT, 450, 451, 452 Longissimus capitis m., origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 412–414t Longissimus cervicis m., origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 412–414t Longissimus dorsi m. axial view of abdomen CT, 475, 477, 479, 480 of male pelvis CT, 522 coronal view of abdomen CT, 492 of female pelvis CT, 551 of male pelvis CT, 535, 536 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 481, 482, 483, 484, 485, 486 of male pelvis CT, 529 Longissimus lumborum m. axial view of lumbar spine, 425, 426, 427 of male pelvis MRI, 553 coronal view, of lumbar spine, 435, 436, 437 Longissimus thoracis m. axial view of abdomen MRI, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501 of thoracic spine, 415, 416 coronal view of abdomen MRI, 517 of thoracic spine, 422 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 412–414t sagittal view of abdomen MRI, 504 of lumbar spine, 429, 430 Longitudinal lig., anterior, sagittal view of lumbar spine, 431 of thoracic spine, 419 Longitudinal lig., posterior, sagittal view of lumbar spine, 431 of thoracic spine, 419 Longus colli m., axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 6 Lumbar a. axial view, of lumbar spine, 425 coronal view, of lumbar spine, 432 Lumbar plexus, coronal view, of female pelvis CT, 550

602  Index Lumbar spine, coronal view, of abdomen MRI, 513, 514, 515 Lumbar triangle inferior, axial view, of abdomen CT, 480 superior, axial view, of abdomen CT, 479 Lumbar v. axial view of abdomen CT, 477, 478 of lumbar spine, 425 coronal view, of lumbar spine, 432 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 482 Lumbar vertebral a., coronal view, of lumbar spine, 433 Lumbar vertebral v., coronal view, of lumbar spine, 433 Lumbar vertebral vessels, coronal view, of lumbar spine, 434 Lumbar vessels, sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 484 Lumbosacral fascia, dorsal, axial view, of lumbar spine, 428 Lumbosacral trunk axial view, of lumbar spine, 426, 428 coronal view, of lumbar spine, 434, 435 sagittal view, of lumbar spine, 430 Lumbrical m. 1st axial view, of hand, 202, 203 sagittal view, of hand, 207, 208 2nd axial view, of hand, 202, 203 sagittal view, of hand, 209 3rd axial view, of hand, 202 sagittal view, of hand, 209, 210 4th, sagittal view, of hand, 212 axial view, of hand, 202, 204 coronal view, of hand, 214, 215 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 197t, 382–384t sagittal view, of foot, 392, 393 Lumbrical t., axial view, of hand, 204 Lunate, coronal view, of hand, 215, 216, 217 Lung left axial view of abdomen CT, 475, 476 of abdomen MRI, 494 of heart MRI, 460, 462, 463 coronal view of abdomen CT, 492 of abdomen MRI, 512, 513, 514, 515, 516, 517 of heart MRI, 467, 468, 469 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 481, 482 of abdomen MRI, 502, 503, 504 of heart MRI, 464 of thoracic spine, 417, 418 right axial view of abdomen CT, 475, 476 of abdomen MRI, 494 of heart MRI, 460, 462, 463 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 7, 8, 9, 10 coronal view of abdomen CT, 492 of abdomen MRI, 512, 513, 514, 515, 516, 517 of heart MRI, 467, 468, 469 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 484, 486 of abdomen MRI, 508, 509 of heart MRI, 466 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 19, 20, 21 Lymph node axial view of abdomen MRI, 501 of hip, 227, 229, 230, 231 of male pelvis MRI, 556, 557, 558 of shoulder, 42, 43 coronal view of hip, 243 oblique coronal view of elbow, 138 of shoulder, 58 oblique sagittal view of shoulder, 55 of shoulder arthrogram, 76

Lymph node (Continued) sagittal view of hip, 239, 240 of knee, 306 of male pelvis MRI, 559, 560 of thigh, 282

M Malleolus, lateral axial view, of ankle, 352, 353, 354 coronal view of ankle, 375, 376, 377, 378 of leg, 342, 343 oblique axial view, of ankle, 360, 361 sagittal view of ankle, 365, 366 of leg, 335, 336 Malleolus, medial axial view, of ankle, 352 coronal view of ankle, 374, 375 of leg, 342 oblique axial view, of ankle, 360, 361 sagittal view of ankle, 370, 371 of leg, 339 Malleolus, posterior, axial view, of ankle, 352 Mammary a., internal axial view, of heart MRI, 460, 461, 462 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 485 Mammary v., internal, axial view, of heart MRI, 460, 461, 462 Mammary vessels, internal, coronal view of heart MRI, 467 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 24 Manubrium axial view of heart MRI, 465 of thorax CT, 443 coronal view of heart MRI, 467 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 24, 25 sagittal view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 23 of thorax CT, 451, 452 Medial cutaneous n., of forearm, axial view, of arm, 93, 94, 96 Medial meniscus anterior horn coronal view, of knee, 314 sagittal view, of knee, 308, 309 body, coronal view, of knee, 315, 316, 317 coronal view, of knee, 314 posterior horn coronal view, of knee, 317 sagittal view, of knee, 307, 308, 309 sagittal view, of knee, 310 Median basilic v. axial view of elbow, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124 of forearm, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153 coronal view, of forearm, 162 oblique coronal, of elbow, 134, 135 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 131 Median cubital v. axial view, of elbow, 115, 116, 117, 118 oblique coronal, of elbow, 134, 135, 136, 137 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 129, 130 sagittal view, of forearm, 156 Median n. axial view of arm, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97 of elbow, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124 of forearm, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155 of hand, 198, 199, 200, 201, 202 coronal view of forearm, 164 of hand, 214 oblique coronal, of elbow, 136, 137 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 130, 131 sagittal view of arm, 102 of forearm, 157, 158 Median raphe, coronal view, of leg, 346, 347

Median v. axial view, of elbow, 115, 116, 117 sagittal view, of forearm, 156 Meniscal lig., transverse axial view, of knee, 299 coronal view, of knee, 313 sagittal view, of knee, 306 Meniscofemoral (Humphrey’s) lig. axial view, of knee, 298 coronal view, of knee, 317 sagittal view, of knee, 307 Meniscus homologue, coronal view, of hand, 216 Mesenteric a., inferior axial view of abdomen CT, 480 of male pelvis CT, 522 coronal view of abdomen CT, 488 of female pelvis CT, 548 of male pelvis CT, 532, 533 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 483 Mesenteric a., superior axial view of abdomen CT, 477, 478, 479 of abdomen MRI, 498, 499, 500, 501 coronal view of abdomen CT, 488, 489, 490 of abdomen MRI, 512, 513, 514 of female pelvis CT, 547 of male pelvis CT, 532 of thorax CT, 453, 454, 455 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 483 of abdomen MRI, 505, 506 of female pelvis CT, 544 of heart MRI, 465 of thorax CT, 450 Mesenteric v., inferior coronal view of abdomen CT, 488, 489, 490 of male pelvis CT, 532 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 482 Mesenteric v., superior axial view of abdomen CT, 478, 479 of abdomen MRI, 499, 500, 501 coronal view of abdomen CT, 488 of abdomen MRI, 512 of female pelvis CT, 547 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 483 of female pelvis CT, 544 Mesenteric vessels axial view of abdomen CT, 479, 480 of male pelvis CT, 522 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 481, 483 of abdomen MRI, 503, 504, 505 Mesentery axial view of abdomen CT, 479, 480 of male pelvis CT, 522 coronal view of abdomen CT, 487 of female pelvis CT, 547 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 481, 483 Mesocolon, sigmoid axial view, of male pelvis CT, 524 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 483 Metacarpal 1st axial view, of hand, 198, 199, 200, 201 coronal view, of hand, 215 sagittal view, of hand, 205, 205, 206 2nd axial view, of hand, 198, 199, 200, 201 sagittal view, of hand, 207, 208, 209 3rd axial view, of hand, 198, 199 sagittal view, of hand, 209, 210 4th axial view, of hand, 198, 199 sagittal view, of hand, 210

Index  603 Metacarpal (Continued) 5th axial view, of hand, 198, 199 sagittal view, of hand, 211, 212 Metacarpal a., palmar, axial view, of hand, 199, 200, 201 Metacarpal base 1st, coronal view, of hand, 214 2nd, coronal view, of hand, 216, 217 3rd, coronal view, of hand, 216, 217 4th, coronal view, of hand, 216, 217 5th, coronal view, of hand, 216 Metacarpal head 2nd, axial view, of hand, 204 3rd axial view, of hand, 204 sagittal view, of hand, 210 4th, sagittal view, of hand, 211, 212 5th coronal view, of hand, 216 sagittal view, of hand, 212, 213 Metacarpophalangeal joint axial view, of hand, 201 sagittal view, of hand, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212 Metatarsal 1st axial view, of foot, 386, 387 coronal view, of foot, 401, 402, 403, 404 sagittal view, of foot, 397 2nd axial view, of foot, 386, 387 coronal view, of foot, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405 sagittal view, of foot, 394, 395 3rd axial view, of foot, 387, 388 coronal view, of foot, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405 sagittal view, of foot, 393 4th axial view, of foot, 388 coronal view, of foot, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405 sagittal view, of foot, 392 5th axial view of ankle, 356, 357 of foot, 389 coronal view, of foot, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405 sagittal view, of foot, 391 Metatarsal base 1st axial view, of foot, 385, 387 sagittal view, of foot, 395, 396 2nd axial view, of foot, 385 sagittal view, of foot, 394 3rd axial view, of foot, 386 sagittal view of ankle, 369 of foot, 392, 393, 394 4th axial view, of foot, 387, 388 sagittal view of ankle, 367, 368, 369 of foot, 391, 392, 393 5th axial view of ankle, 357, 358 of foot, 388, 390 coronal view, of foot, 406 sagittal view of ankle, 367, 368 of foot, 391 Metatarsal head 1st axial view, of foot, 388, 389 coronal view, of foot, 400 sagittal view, of foot, 397, 398 2nd axial view, of foot, 388, 389 coronal view, of foot, 400 sagittal view, of foot, 395, 396 3rd axial view, of foot, 388, 389 coronal view, of foot, 400 sagittal view, of foot, 394

Metatarsal head (Continued) 4th axial view, of foot, 388, 389 coronal view, of foot, 400 sagittal view, of foot, 393 5th axial view, of foot, 390 coronal view, of foot, 400, 401 sagittal view, of foot, 391 Metatarsophalangeal joint 1st, coronal view, of foot, 399, 400 2nd, coronal view, of foot, 399 3rd, coronal view, of foot, 399 4th, coronal view, of foot, 400 Middle phalanx index finger, sagittal view, 207 long finger coronal view, 215 sagittal view, 209, 210 ring finger coronal view, 215 sagittal view, 211, 212 small finger coronal view, 215, 216 sagittal view, 213 Mitral valve, axial view, of heart MRI, 462 Mitral valve plane axial view, of thorax CT, 446 coronal view, of thorax CT, 455 Moderator band, axial view, of thorax CT, 446 Mons pubis axial view, of female pelvis CT, 542 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 546 of female pelvis MRI, 580 Multifidus m. axial view of abdomen CT, 475, 477, 480 of abdomen MRI, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501 of lumbar spine, 425, 426, 427, 428 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 4, 5 of thoracic spine, 415 coronal view of abdomen CT, 492 of abdomen MRI, 517 of female pelvis CT, 551 of lumbar spine, 436, 437 of male pelvis CT, 535, 536 of male pelvis MRI, 569 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 28, 30 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 412–414t sagittal view of abdomen CT, 484 of abdomen MRI, 505, 506 of female pelvis CT, 544, 545 of lumbar spine, 429, 430, 431 Musculocutaneous n., axial view of arm, 93 of elbow, 115, 116 Myometrium junctional zone axial view, of female pelvis MRI, 573 coronal view, of female pelvis MRI, 581, 582 sagittal view, of female pelvis MRI, 579 peripheral zone axial view, of female pelvis MRI, 573 coronal view, of female pelvis MRI, 581, 582 sagittal view, of female pelvis MRI, 579

N Nail, sagittal view, of hand, 211 Navicular axial view of ankle, 353, 354 of foot, 385, 386 coronal view of ankle, 372 of foot, 407 oblique axial view, of ankle, 363 sagittal view of ankle, 368, 369, 370, 371 of foot, 394, 395, 396, 397 Navicular tuberosity, sagittal view, of foot, 397 Nerve root, coronal view, of thorax CT, 458

Neural foramina coronal view, of thorax CT, 458 sagittal view of abdomen MRI, 505 of heart MRI, 465 Neuroforamen, lateral, sagittal view, of thoracic spine, 418, 419 Neurovascular bundle axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 12 sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 17 Nutrient a., axial view, of thigh, 272

O Oblique m., external axial view of abdomen CT, 477, 478, 480 of abdomen MRI, 498, 499 of male pelvis CT, 522, 523 of male pelvis MRI, 553 coronal view of abdomen CT, 487, 489, 490, 492 of abdomen MRI, 511, 512, 513, 514 of female pelvis CT, 547, 548 of male pelvis CT, 531, 532, 533, 534 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 474t Oblique m., internal axial view of abdomen CT, 478, 480 of hip, 224 of male pelvis CT, 522, 523 of male pelvis MRI, 553 coronal view of abdomen CT, 487, 489, 490 of abdomen MRI, 511, 512, 513, 514, 515 of female pelvis CT, 547, 548 of female pelvis MRI, 580 of hip, 243 of male pelvis CT, 531, 532, 533, 534 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 474t sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 481 Obturator a. axial view, of male pelvis CT, 525 coronal view, of male pelvis CT, 534 sagittal view, of hip, 242 Obturator externus m. axial view of female pelvis CT, 541, 542 of female pelvis MRI, 575 of hip, 228, 229 of male pelvis CT, 526, 527 of male pelvis MRI, 557 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 548, 549, 550 of female pelvis MRI, 581, 582 of hip, 244, 245, 246, 247 of male pelvis CT, 533, 534, 535 of male pelvis MRI, 566, 567, 568 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 222–223t sagittal view of female pelvis CT, 543, 544 of female pelvis MRI, 576, 577 of hip, 239, 240, 241, 242 of male pelvis CT, 528, 529 of male pelvis MRI, 559, 560, 561, 562 of thigh, 282, 283, 284, 285 Obturator externus t. axial view of hip, 228 of hip arthrogram, 253 coronal view of hip, 246, 247 of hip arthrogram, 266 sagittal view, of hip, 236, 237 Obturator foramen, sagittal view of hip, 242 of male pelvis MRI, 560 Obturator internus m. axial view of female pelvis CT, 540, 541 of female pelvis MRI, 573, 574, 575 of hip, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229 of male pelvis CT, 524, 525, 526 of male pelvis MRI, 555, 556, 557 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 548, 549, 550, 551

604  Index Obturator internus m. (Continued) of female pelvis MRI, 581, 582, 583 of hip, 245, 246, 247 of male pelvis CT, 533, 534, 535 of male pelvis MRI, 567, 568, 569 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 222–223t sagittal view of female pelvis CT, 543, 544 of female pelvis MRI, 576, 577 of hip, 236, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242 of male pelvis CT, 528, 529 of male pelvis MRI, 560, 561, 562 of thigh, 285 Obturator internus t. axial view of female pelvis CT, 540 of hip, 227, 228 of hip arthrogram, 254 of male pelvis CT, 526 of male pelvis MRI, 556 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 550 of female pelvis MRI, 583 of hip arthrogram, 266 of male pelvis CT, 535 of male pelvis MRI, 569 sagittal view of hip, 237 of hip arthrogram, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261 Obturator n. axial view of female pelvis CT, 541 of female pelvis MRI, 574 of hip, 227 of lumbar spine, 428 of male pelvis CT, 526 coronal view of hip, 245 of lumbar spine, 433 of male pelvis CT, 533 sagittal view of female pelvis MRI, 576 of hip, 242 of male pelvis CT, 528 Obturator v. axial view, of male pelvis CT, 525 coronal view, of male pelvis CT, 534 sagittal view, of hip, 242 Obturator vessels axial view of female pelvis CT, 541 of female pelvis MRI, 574 of hip, 227 of male pelvis CT, 526 sagittal view, of female pelvis MRI, 576 Olecranon axial view, of elbow, 116, 117, 118, 119 coronal view, of arm, 108, 109 oblique coronal view, of elbow, 140, 141, 142 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 129, 131 sagittal view, of arm, 101, 102 Olecranon fossa axial view, of elbow, 115, 116, 118 coronal view, of arm, 108 oblique coronal, of elbow, 140 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 129, 130 sagittal view, of arm, 101, 102 Omental vessels coronal view, of abdomen CT, 487 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 483, 484 Omentum coronal view, of abdomen CT, 487 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 483, 484 Omohyoid m., inferior axial view, of shoulder, 38 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 26, 27, 28 oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 56, 57 sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 19, 20 Omohyoid t., inferior axial view, of shoulder, 38, 39 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 27 oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 57 sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 19, 20

Opponens digiti minimi m. axial view, of hand, 198, 199, 200, 201 coronal view of foot, 402, 405 of hand, 214, 215, 216 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 197t, 382–384t sagittal view, of hand, 209, 210, 211, 212 Opponens pollicis brevis m., axial view, of hand, 198, 199, 200 Opponens pollicis m. coronal view, of hand, 214 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 197t sagittal view, of hand, 206, 207, 208 Os, internal, axial view, of female pelvis MRI, 573 Ovary axial view of female pelvis CT, 538, 539 of female pelvis MRI, 573 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 549, 550 of female pelvis MRI, 582 sagittal view of female pelvis CT, 543, 544 of female pelvis MRI, 576

P Palmar aponeurosis axial view of hand, 198, 199, 200, 201 of wrist, 179 coronal view, of hand, 214 sagittal view of hand, 209 of wrist, 183, 184 Palmar arch, deep axial view of hand, 198, 199 of wrist, 179 coronal view, of hand, 215, 216 sagittal view, of wrist, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185 Palmar arch, sagittal view, of wrist, 181, 184, 185 Palmar arch, superficial axial view, of hand, 198, 200 coronal view, of hand, 214 sagittal view, of wrist, 181, 184, 185 Palmar digital a., common, sagittal view of, 181, 182 Palmar v., sagittal view, of wrist, 183 Palmaris brevis m. axial view, of hand, 198, 199 coronal view of hand, 214 of wrist, 189 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 197t sagittal view, of wrist, 185, 186, 187 Palmaris longus m. axial view of elbow, 118, 119, 120, 122, 123, 124 of forearm, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150 coronal view, of forearm, 162 oblique coronal, of elbow, 135, 136, 137 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 132, 133 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 144–145t sagittal view, of forearm, 159, 160 Palmaris longus t. axial view of forearm, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155 of wrist, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178 coronal view of forearm, 162, 163, 164 of hand, 214 of wrist, 189 sagittal view, of wrist, 183, 184 Pancreas axial view of abdomen CT, 477, 478 of abdomen MRI, 496 body axial view of abdomen CT, 478 of abdomen MRI, 496, 497, 498 coronal view of abdomen CT, 488, 489, 490 of abdomen MRI, 512, 513, 514

Pancreas (Continued) sagittal view of abdomen CT, 482, 483 of abdomen MRI, 504, 505, 506 head axial view of abdomen CT, 478 of abdomen MRI, 498, 499, 500, 501 coronal view of abdomen CT, 488, 489 of abdomen MRI, 512, 513, 514 of thorax CT, 453 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 484, 485 of abdomen MRI, 507, 508, 509 neck axial view, of abdomen CT, 477 coronal view, of abdomen CT, 488 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 483 tail axial view of abdomen CT, 478 of abdomen MRI, 497, 498 coronal view of abdomen CT, 490, 491, 492 of abdomen MRI, 514, 515, 516 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 481 of abdomen MRI, 502, 503 Pancreatic duct axial view, of abdomen CT, 478 coronal view of abdomen CT, 489 of abdomen MRI, 512 Pancreaticoduodenal v., superior, sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 484 Papillary m., anterior axial view, of thorax CT, 446 coronal view, of thorax CT, 453 Papillary m., left ventricular, coronal view, of thorax CT, 454 Papillary m., posterior axial view, of thorax CT, 447 sagittal view, of thorax CT, 449 Parametrium, sagittal view of female pelvis CT, 544 of female pelvis MRI, 577, 578 Patella axial view, of knee, 297, 298 coronal view, of knee, 311 sagittal view, of knee, 303, 304, 305, 306, 307 upper pole, axial view, of knee, 296 Patellar facet lateral, axial view, of knee, 297 medial, axial view, of knee, 297 Patellar lig. coronal view, of knee, 311, 312, 313 sagittal view of knee, 304, 305, 306 of leg, 336, 337, 338 Patellar retinaculum coronal view, of knee, 311 lateral axial view, of knee, 296, 297, 299 coronal view, of knee, 311, 312, 313 medial axial view, of knee, 296, 297, 298 coronal view, of knee, 311, 312, 313, 314 sagittal view, of knee, 308 Patellar t., axial view, of knee, 298, 299, 300, 301 Pectineus m. axial view of female pelvis CT, 541, 542 of female pelvis MRI, 575 of hip, 227, 228, 229, 230 of male pelvis CT, 526, 527 of male pelvis MRI, 556, 557, 558 of thigh, 269 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 547, 548, 549 of female pelvis MRI, 580, 581 of hip, 244, 245 of male pelvis CT, 532, 533, 534 of male pelvis MRI, 566, 567 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 268t

Index  605 Pectineus m. (Continued) sagittal view of female pelvis CT, 543, 544 of female pelvis MRI, 576 of hip, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242 of male pelvis CT, 528 of male pelvis MRI, 559, 560, 561 of thigh, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285 Pectoralis major m. ABER view, of shoulder arthrogram, 84, 85, 86 axial view of heart MRI, 460 of shoulder, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 coronal view of arm, 105 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 26 oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 56, 57 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 35t sagittal view of arm, 104 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20 Pectoralis major m., clavicular head axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 7, 8, 9 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 24, 25 sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22 Pectoralis major m. costosternal head axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 10, 11, 12 sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 23 Pectoralis major m., sternoclavicular head, axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 9 Pectoralis major m., sternocostal head axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 10, 13 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 24, 25 sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22 Pectoralis major t. axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 10, 11 oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 57 sagittal view of arm, 101, 103 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 15 Pectoralis minor m. axial view of heart MRI, 460 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of shoulder, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 26 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder, 53, 54, 55 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 35t sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 18, 19, 20 Pectoralis minor t. axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 7 of shoulder arthrogram, 69, 70 long head, axial view, of shoulder, 41 oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 56 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder, 52, 53, 55 Pedicle axial view, of lumbar spine, 425 coronal view, of thorax CT, 458 sagittal view, of abdomen MRI, 505, 507 Penis axial view of male pelvis CT, 526, 527 of male pelvis MRI, 558 bulb axial view, of male pelvis CT, 527 coronal view, of male pelvis CT, 534, 535 sagittal view of male pelvis CT, 530 of male pelvis MRI, 564 coronal view of male pelvis CT, 531, 532, 533, 534 of male pelvis MRI, 565, 566, 567 sagittal view of male pelvis CT, 529, 530 of male pelvis MRI, 562, 563, 564

Pericardial fat, sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 481 Pericardium axial view, of thorax CT, 445, 446, 447, 448 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 481 Periprostatic venous plexus, sagittal view, of male pelvis CT, 529 Perirenal fascia, coronal view, of abdomen CT, 491 Perivesical venous plexus, sagittal view, of male pelvis CT, 529 Peroneal a. axial view, of ankle, 349 oblique axial view, of ankle, 360 Peroneal n., common axial view of knee, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301 of leg, 324 of thigh, 275, 276 coronal view, of knee, 318, 319, 320 sagittal view of knee, 302, 303, 304 of leg, 334 Peroneal n., communicating, axial view, of knee, 296, 297, 298 Peroneal n., deep axial view of ankle, 349, 350 of leg, 325 coronal view, of leg, 343 oblique axial view, of ankle, 360, 361, 362 Peroneal n., superficial axial view, of leg, 325, 326 oblique axial view, of ankle, 360 Peroneal retinaculum inferior axial view, of ankle, 354 coronal view, of ankle, 376 oblique axial view, of ankle, 361 superior, axial view, of ankle, 351, 352, 353 Peroneal sulcus, sagittal view, of foot, 391, 392 Peroneal tubercle axial view, of ankle, 356 coronal view, of ankle, 376 Peroneal v. axial view, of ankle, 349 oblique axial view, of ankle, 360 Peroneal vessels, axial view, of leg, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 333 Peroneus brevis m. axial view of ankle, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353 of leg, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333 coronal view of ankle, 378, 379 of leg, 344 oblique axial view, of ankle, 359, 360 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 322–323t sagittal view of ankle, 365, 366 of leg, 334, 335 Peroneus brevis t. axial view of ankle, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357 of foot, 388, 389 of leg, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333 coronal view of ankle, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378 of foot, 407 oblique axial view, of ankle, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364 sagittal view of ankle, 365, 366 of foot, 391 of leg, 334, 335 Peroneus longus m. axial view of knee, 301 of leg, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333 coronal view of knee, 317, 319, 320 of leg, 344, 345 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 322–323t sagittal view of knee, 302, 303 of leg, 334, 335, 336

Peroneus longus t. axial view of ankle, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357 of foot, 387, 388, 389 of leg, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333 coronal view of ankle, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378 of foot, 405, 406, 407 of leg, 344, 345 oblique axial view, of ankle, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364 sagittal view of ankle, 365, 366, 367, 368 of foot, 391, 392, 393 of leg, 334, 336 Peroneus quartus m. axial view, of ankle, 352, 353, 354 coronal view, of ankle, 378 sagittal view, of ankle, 366 Peroneus quartus t. axial view, of ankle, 355 coronal view, of ankle, 378 Peroneus tertius m. oblique axial view, of ankle, 360, 361, 362 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 322–323t Peroneus tertius t., oblique axial view, of ankle, 363, 364 Pes anserinus axial view, of knee, 301 coronal view of knee, 315 of leg, 344 sagittal view, of knee, 310 Piriformis m. axial view of female pelvis CT, 538, 539 of female pelvis MRI, 572, 573 of hip, 224, 225, 226 of male pelvis CT, 523, 524 of male pelvis MRI, 554, 555 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 550, 551 of female pelvis MRI, 583, 584 of hip, 248, 249 of lumbar spine, 436 of male pelvis CT, 535, 536 of male pelvis MRI, 569, 570 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 222–223t sagittal view of female pelvis CT, 543, 544 of female pelvis MRI, 576, 577 of hip, 237, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242 of lumbar spine, 430 of male pelvis CT, 528, 529 of male pelvis MRI, 559, 560, 561, 562 Piriformis t. axial view, of hip, 226, 227 coronal view, of male pelvis MRI, 568 sagittal view, of hip, 237 Pisiform coronal view, of hand, 214, 215 sagittal view, of hand, 211 Pisohamate lig., coronal view, of hand, 215 Plantar a., lateral, coronal view of ankle, 372, 375 of foot, 404, 405 Plantar a., medial coronal view of ankle, 372, 373 of foot, 404, 406, 407 sagittal view, of ankle, 369, 371 Plantar aponeurosis coronal view, of ankle, 372, 377, 378 oblique axial view, of ankle, 362 Plantar aponeurosis, lateral axial view, of ankle, 358 coronal view of ankle, 374, 375, 376 of foot, 407 oblique axial view, of ankle, 364 Plantar aponeurosis, medial coronal view of ankle, 374, 375, 376 of foot, 403, 404, 405, 407 oblique axial view, of ankle, 364

606  Index Plantar fascia, lateral, sagittal view, of ankle, 367, 368 Plantar fascia, medial, sagittal view of ankle, 368, 369, 370, 371 of foot, 394 Plantar fascia, sagittal view, of foot, 394 Plantar lig., long coronal view, of ankle, 374, 375 sagittal view, of ankle, 368 Plantar n., lateral axial view, of ankle, 356, 357 coronal view of ankle, 372, 375 of foot, 404, 405 Plantar n., medial axial view of ankle, 356, 357 of foot, 388, 389 coronal view of ankle, 372, 373 of foot, 404, 406, 407 sagittal view of ankle, 370, 371 of foot, 396 Plantar vessels, lateral axial view, of ankle, 356, 357 oblique axial view, of ankle, 361, 362, 363, 364 sagittal view, of ankle, 370 Plantar vessels, medial axial view of ankle, 356, 357 of foot, 388, 389 oblique axial view, of ankle, 361, 362, 363, 364 sagittal view of ankle, 370, 371 of foot, 396 Plantaris m. axial view, of knee, 297, 298, 299, 300 coronal view, of knee, 317, 318 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 322–323t sagittal view, of knee, 303, 304, 305, 306 Plantaris t. axial view of ankle, 352, 353, 354, 355 of knee, 301 of leg, 324, 325, 331, 333 sagittal view, of knee, 307, 308 Platysma m., axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 4 Popliteal a. axial view of knee, 295, 296 of leg, 324 of thigh, 275, 276 coronal view of leg, 344 of thigh, 290 sagittal view, of leg, 337 Popliteal v. axial view of knee, 295, 296 of leg, 324 of thigh, 275, 276 coronal view, of thigh, 290 Popliteal vessels axial view, of knee, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300 coronal view of knee, 317, 318, 319, 320 of leg, 345 of thigh, 289, 290 sagittal view of knee, 305, 306 of leg, 338 of thigh, 278, 280 Popliteus m. axial view of knee, 299, 300, 301 of leg, 324, 325, 326 coronal view of knee, 318, 319 of leg, 344 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 322–323t sagittal view of knee, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308 of leg, 336, 337, 338

Popliteus t. axial view, of knee, 299 coronal view, of knee, 316, 317 sagittal view, of knee, 303, 304 Portacaval space, axial view, of abdomen CT, 477 Portal v. axial view, of abdomen CT, 476, 477 coronal view, of thorax CT, 454 left axial view of abdomen CT, 475 of abdomen MRI, 496 coronal view of abdomen CT, 488, 489 of abdomen MRI, 511, 512 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 484, 485 of abdomen MRI, 508 umbilical portion axial view, of abdomen CT, 476 axial view, of abdomen MRI, 495 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 484 main axial view of abdomen CT, 476, 477 of abdomen MRI, 496, 497, 498 coronal view of abdomen CT, 489 of abdomen MRI, 513 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 484 of abdomen MRI, 507, 508 right anterior branch axial view, of abdomen CT, 476, 477 coronal view, of abdomen CT, 489 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 486 axial view of abdomen CT, 476 of abdomen MRI, 495, 496 coronal view, of abdomen CT, 490, 491 posterior branch axial view, of abdomen CT, 476, 477 coronal view, of abdomen CT, 491 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 486 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 485 of abdomen MRI, 508, 509 sagittal view, of thorax CT, 452 Posterior bands axial view, of elbow, 117 oblique sagittal view of elbow, 132 of shoulder arthrogram, 75 Profunda brachii a. axial view, of arm, 92, 93, 94, 95 sagittal view, of arm, 101, 102 Profunda femoris a., axial view, of male pelvis MRI, 557, 558 Pronator quadratus m. axial view, of forearm, 153, 154, 155 coronal view, of forearm, 163, 164, 165 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 144–145t sagittal view, of forearm, 158, 159, 160 Pronator teres m. axial view of elbow, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124 of forearm, 146, 147, 148, 149 coronal view, of forearm, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167 oblique coronal, of elbow, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 144–145t sagittal view of arm, 103, 104 of forearm, 158 Pronator teres m., deep head axial view of elbow, 121, 122, 123 of forearm, 146 oblique coronal, of elbow, 138, 139 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 130, 131

Pronator teres t. axial view of elbow, 124 of forearm, 148, 149, 150 coronal view, of forearm, 166, 167 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 132, 133 Prostate gland axial view of male pelvis CT, 525, 526 of male pelvis MRI, 557 coronal view of male pelvis CT, 534 of male pelvis MRI, 567, 568 sagittal view of male pelvis CT, 530 of male pelvis MRI, 563, 564 Proximal phalanx 2nd toe coronal view, 399 sagittal view, 395, 396, 398 3rd toe axial view, 389 coronal view, 399 sagittal view, 394 4th toe axial view, 389 coronal view, 399 sagittal view, 392 5th toe axial view, 388, 389 coronal view, 399 sagittal view, 391 axial view, of hand, 204 great toe axial view, 388, 389 coronal view, 399 sagittal view, 397 index finger coronal view, 216, 217 sagittal view, 206, 207, 208 little toe, coronal view, 400 long finger coronal view, 216, 217 sagittal view, 209, 210 ring finger coronal view, 216, 217 sagittal view, 211, 212 small finger coronal view, 215, 216 sagittal view, 212, 213 thumb axial view, 202, 203 coronal view, 216 sagittal view, 205, 205 Psoas m. axial view of abdomen CT, 479, 480 of abdomen MRI, 501 of female pelvis CT, 538 of female pelvis MRI, 572 of lumbar spine, 425, 426, 427, 428, 429 of male pelvis CT, 522, 523 of male pelvis MRI, 553, 554 coronal view of abdomen CT, 489, 490, 491 of abdomen MRI, 513, 514, 515, 516 of female pelvis CT, 547, 548, 550, 551 of female pelvis MRI, 581, 582 of hip, 245 of lumbar spine, 432, 433, 434, 435, 436 of male pelvis CT, 532, 533, 534 of male pelvis MRI, 566, 567, 568 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 481, 482, 485, 486 of abdomen MRI, 503, 504, 508, 509 of female pelvis CT, 543, 544 of female pelvis MRI, 576, 577 of lumbar spine, 430 of male pelvis CT, 528 of male pelvis MRI, 560, 561, 562 Psoas major m., origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 222–223t Pubic bone axial view of female pelvis CT, 541 of male pelvis CT, 526

Index  607 Pubic bone (Continued) coronal view, of male pelvis CT, 532 sagittal view of male pelvis CT, 529 of male pelvis MRI, 562 Pubic ramus axial view of female pelvis CT, 542 of male pelvis CT, 527 sagittal view, of female pelvis MRI, 577 Pubic ramus, inferior axial view of female pelvis MRI, 575 of hip, 229, 230 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 549, 550 of hip, 246 of male pelvis CT, 533, 534 sagittal view, of female pelvis CT, 544 Pubic ramus, superior axial view of female pelvis CT, 541 of hip, 227, 228 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 546, 547, 548 of female pelvis MRI, 580, 581 of hip, 244, 245 of hip arthrogram, 262 of male pelvis CT, 532, 533 of male pelvis MRI, 566 of thigh, 288 sagittal view of female pelvis CT, 543 of female pelvis MRI, 576 of hip, 242 of male pelvis CT, 528, 529 of male pelvis MRI, 560, 561, 562 Pubic symphysis axial view of female pelvis CT, 541 of male pelvis MRI, 557 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 547 of female pelvis MRI, 581 of male pelvis MRI, 565, 566 of thigh, 288 sagittal view of female pelvis CT, 545 of female pelvis MRI, 579 of male pelvis MRI, 564 Pubis axial view, of male pelvis MRI, 557 coronal view, of hip, 245 sagittal view of female pelvis CT, 544 of female pelvis MRI, 578 of male pelvis MRI, 563, 564 of thigh, 284, 285 Puborectalis m., axial view, of female pelvis CT, 542 Pulmonary a. coronal view of heart MRI, 467 of thorax CT, 453, 455 left axial view of heart MRI, 461 of thorax CT, 444 coronal view, of thorax CT, 457 sagittal view of heart MRI, 464 of thorax CT, 449 main axial view of heart MRI, 461 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 11 of thorax CT, 444, 445 coronal view of heart MRI, 468 of thorax CT, 453, 454, 456 sagittal view of heart MRI, 464 of thorax CT, 450 right axial view of heart MRI, 461

Pulmonary a. (Continued) of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 11 of thorax CT, 444 coronal view of heart MRI, 468 of thorax CT, 455 sagittal view of heart MRI, 465 of thorax CT, 451 sagittal view, of thorax CT, 449, 450, 451 Pulmonary outflow tract axial view of heart MRI, 462 of thorax CT, 446 coronal view of heart MRI, 467 of thorax CT, 453 sagittal view of heart MRI, 464, 465 of thorax CT, 449, 450 Pulmonary trunk, axial view, of thorax CT, 445 Pulmonary v. left axial view of heart MRI, 461, 462 of thorax CT, 445 coronal view of heart MRI, 468 of thorax CT, 454, 456 sagittal view of heart MRI, 464 of thorax CT, 449, 450 middle, axial view, of heart MRI, 462 right axial view, of heart MRI, 462 coronal view, of thorax CT, 454, 457 sagittal view of heart MRI, 466 of thorax CT, 452 sagittal view, of heart MRI, 466 segmental, sagittal view, of thorax CT, 449 Pulmonic valve, axial view, of heart MRI, 461

Q Quadrangular space axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 8, 9 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 28, 29 oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 62, 63 sagittal view, of arm, 101 Quadratus femoris m. axial view of female pelvis CT, 541 of female pelvis MRI, 575 of hip, 229, 230, 231 of male pelvis CT, 522, 527 of male pelvis MRI, 557, 558 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 550, 551 of female pelvis MRI, 582 of hip, 246, 247 of male pelvis CT, 535 of male pelvis MRI, 569 of thigh, 291 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 222–223t sagittal view of hip, 237, 238, 239 of male pelvis CT, 528 of thigh, 279, 280, 281, 282 Quadratus lumborum m. axial view of abdomen CT, 478, 479, 480 of abdomen MRI, 501 of lumbar spine, 425, 427 of male pelvis CT, 522 coronal view of abdomen CT, 491, 492 of abdomen MRI, 515, 516 of female pelvis CT, 551 of female pelvis MRI, 583 of lumbar spine, 429, 434, 435 of male pelvis CT, 534, 535 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 481, 486 of abdomen MRI, 502, 503

Quadratus lumborum m. (Continued) of lumbar spine, 429 of male pelvis CT, 528 Quadratus lumborum t., axial view, of lumbar spine, 426 Quadratus plantae m. axial view of ankle, 355, 356, 357 of foot, 388, 389 coronal view of ankle, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379 of foot, 405, 406, 407 oblique axial view, of ankle, 361, 362, 363, 364 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 382–384t sagittal view of ankle, 368, 369 of foot, 393, 394, 395 Quadriceps t. axial view, of knee, 295, 296 coronal view of knee, 311 of thigh, 287 sagittal view of knee, 304, 305, 306, 307 of thigh, 281 Quadrilateral plate axial view, of female pelvis CT, 540 coronal view, of hip, 246 sagittal view, of hip, 241

R Radial a. axial view of elbow, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124 of forearm, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154 of hand, 198 coronal view of forearm, 164, 165, 166 of hand, 215, 216 oblique coronal, of elbow, 134, 135, 136 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 129 sagittal view, of forearm, 156, 157 Radial collateral lig. axial view of elbow, 118, 119, 120 of hand, 204 coronal view, of hand, 216, 217 oblique coronal, of elbow, 138, 139 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 126 sagittal view, of hand, 206 Radial fossa oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 128 sagittal view, of arm, 100 Radial head axial view, of elbow, 119, 120 coronal view, of arm, 106, 107 oblique coronal, of elbow, 138, 139 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 126, 127, 128, 129 sagittal view, of arm, 99, 100 Radial n. axial view of arm, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96 of elbow, 115 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 11, 12, 13 coronal view of arm, 109 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 29, 30, 31 oblique coronal view of elbow, 138, 139 of shoulder, 60, 62 oblique sagittal view of elbow, 126 of shoulder, 52 sagittal view of arm, 100, 101, 102 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 16 Radial n., deep axial view of elbow, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124 of forearm, 146, 147 oblique coronal, of elbow, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 127 sagittal view, of forearm, 157, 158

608  Index Radial n., superficial axial view of elbow, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124 of forearm, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155 coronal view, of forearm, 165, 166, 167 oblique coronal, of elbow, 136 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 127 Radial neck axial view, of elbow, 121 oblique coronal, of elbow, 139 sagittal view, of forearm, 158 Radial notch of ulna, axial view, of elbow, 119 Radial recurrent a. axial view, of elbow, 119, 120, 121 oblique coronal view, of elbow, 140 Radial sesamoid axial view, of hand, 201 sagittal view, of hand, 206 Radial styloid, coronal view, of hand, 216 Radial tuberosity axial view, of elbow, 122 coronal view, of forearm, 166 oblique coronal, of elbow, 138, 139 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 128 sagittal view, of forearm, 158 Radioscaphocapitate lig., coronal view, of hand, 215 Radioulnar joint, proximal, axial view, of elbow, 119 Radioulnar lig., palmar coronal view, of wrist, 191 sagittal view, of wrist, 186 Radius axial view, of elbow, 123, 124 coronal view of forearm, 165, 166, 167, 168 of hand, 215, 216, 217, 218 oblique coronal, of elbow, 136, 137, 138 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 128 sagittal view, of forearm, 157, 158, 159 Rectosigmoid junction, axial view, of male pelvis CT, 524 Rectovesical fossa, sagittal view, of male pelvis CT, 530 Rectum axial view of female pelvis CT, 539, 540, 541 of female pelvis MRI, 572, 573, 574, 575 of hip, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228 of male pelvis CT, 524, 525, 526 of male pelvis MRI, 555, 556, 557 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 551 of hip, 248 of male pelvis CT, 535, 536 of male pelvis MRI, 568, 569, 570 sagittal view of female pelvis CT, 544, 545 of female pelvis MRI, 578 of male pelvis CT, 530 of male pelvis MRI, 562, 563, 564 Rectus abdominis m. axial view of abdomen CT, 475, 477, 478, 480 of abdomen MRI, 498, 499 of female pelvis CT, 538, 539, 540, 541 of female pelvis MRI, 573, 574 of hip, 224, 225, 226 of male pelvis CT, 522, 523, 524, 525, 526 of male pelvis MRI, 553, 554, 555, 556, 557 coronal view of abdomen CT, 487 of abdomen MRI, 511 of female pelvis MRI, 580 of hip, 243 of male pelvis CT, 531 of male pelvis MRI, 565 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 474t sagittal view of abdomen CT, 481, 482, 484, 485, 486 of abdomen MRI, 502, 503, 504, 507, 508, 509 of female pelvis CT, 543, 544, 545 of female pelvis MRI, 576, 577, 578, 579 of hip, 241 of male pelvis CT, 528, 530 of male pelvis MRI, 561, 562, 563, 564

Rectus abdominis m. (Continued) tendinous intersection coronal view, of abdomen MRI, 511 sagittal view, of abdomen MRI, 502, 503, 507, 508 Rectus abdominis t., axial view, of male pelvis MRI, 557 Rectus femoris m. axial view of female pelvis CT, 540, 541, 542 of female pelvis MRI, 575 of hip, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232 of male pelvis CT, 525, 526, 527 of male pelvis MRI, 556, 557, 558 of thigh, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 546, 547 of female pelvis MRI, 580 of hip, 243, 244 of male pelvis CT, 531, 532, 533 of male pelvis MRI, 565, 566 of thigh, 286, 287 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 268t sagittal view of hip, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237 of thigh, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283 Rectus femoris t. axial view of hip, 226, 227, 228, 229 of hip arthrogram, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256 of thigh, 271, 276 coronal view of hip, 243 of thigh, 286, 287 sagittal view, of hip, 237 Rectus femoris t., reflected head axial view of hip, 225 of male pelvis CT, 525 of male pelvis MRI, 556 coronal view of female pelvis MRI, 580, 581 of hip, 245 of male pelvis MRI, 566 sagittal view, of hip, 237 Rectus femoris t., straight head axial view of hip, 225 of male pelvis CT, 525 coronal view of female pelvis MRI, 580, 581 of hip, 244 of male pelvis MRI, 566 Renal a. left axial view of abdomen CT, 478 of abdomen MRI, 500 coronal view of abdomen CT, 490 of abdomen MRI, 514, 515 of lumbar spine, 432 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 482, 483 of abdomen MRI, 503, 504 right axial view, of abdomen MRI, 499 coronal view of abdomen CT, 490 of abdomen MRI, 514, 515 of lumbar spine, 432 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 484, 485 of abdomen MRI, 506, 507, 508 of lumbar spine, 431 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 481 Renal cortex axial view, of abdomen CT, 478 coronal view, of abdomen CT, 492 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 486 Renal hilum, sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 481 Renal medulla axial view, of abdomen CT, 478 coronal view, of abdomen CT, 492 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 486

Renal pelvis axial view of abdomen CT, 478, 479 of abdomen MRI, 500 coronal view of abdomen CT, 491 of abdomen MRI, 516 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 485 of abdomen MRI, 503, 508 Renal sinus axial view, of abdomen MRI, 497, 498 sagittal view, of abdomen MRI, 509 Renal v. left axial view of abdomen CT, 478, 479 of abdomen MRI, 498, 499, 500 coronal view of abdomen CT, 489, 490 of abdomen MRI, 513, 514, 515 of lumbar spine, 432 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 482, 483 of abdomen MRI, 503, 504, 505, 506 right axial view of abdomen CT, 478 of abdomen MRI, 499, 500 coronal view of abdomen CT, 490 of abdomen MRI, 515 of thorax CT, 455 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 485 of abdomen MRI, 508 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 481 Retrobursal fat, coronal view, of knee, 311 Retropubic space of Retzius, axial view of female pelvis CT, 541 of male pelvis CT, 526 Retrotrochlear eminence axial view, of ankle, 355, 356 coronal view, of ankle, 378 Rhomboid major m. axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 of thoracic spine, 415 coronal view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 32, 33 of thoracic spine, 422 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 412–414t sagittal view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 20, 21, 22, 23 of thoracic spine, 417 Rhomboid minor m. axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 6 coronal view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 32 of thoracic spine, 421 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 412–414t sagittal view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 21, 22 of thoracic spine, 417 Rib 1st, sagittal view, of thorax CT, 449 3rd, sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 23 6th, axial view, of thoracic spine, 415 9th, axial view, of thoracic spine, 416 10th, axial view, of thoracic spine, 416 11th, sagittal view, of lumbar spine, 429, 430 12th coronal view of abdomen CT, 492 of lumbar spine, 436, 437 sagittal view, of lumbar spine, 429, 430 angle, sagittal view, of thoracic spine, 417 axial view of abdomen CT, 475 of abdomen MRI, 494 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13 coronal view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 27, 28, 30, 31, 33 of thoracic spine, 421, 422 of thorax CT, 457

Index  609 Rib (Continued) head coronal view, of thorax CT, 458 sagittal view, of thoracic spine, 418 neck, sagittal view, of thoracic spine, 418 oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 56, 57, 58 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder, 55 posterior coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 32 sagittal view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 20, 21, 22, 23 of thoracic spine, 417 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 481 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 18, 19, 20 tubercle coronal view, of thoracic spine, 421 sagittal view, of thoracic spine, 418 Rotator cuff interval oblique coronal view, of shoulder arthrogram, 78 oblique sagittal view of shoulder, 48, 49, 50 of shoulder arthrogram, 73, 74, 75 Rotatores mm. axial view, of thoracic spine, 415 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 412–414t Rotatores thoracis mm., coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 30 Round lig., axial view, of female pelvis CT, 539

S S1

S2

foramen, 431 nerve, 435, 436 nerve root, 427 axial view, 428, 523, 554 coronal view, 535, 551, 583 sagittal view, 431, 529, 563 vertebra, 428, 433, 434 vertebral body, 431

foramen, 431 nerve, 437 nerve root, 428, 431, 529 Sacral ala axial view of lumbar spine, 428 of male pelvis MRI, 554 coronal view, of lumbar spine, 437 Sacral crest, lateral, coronal view, of hip, 249 Sacral foramen coronal view, of male pelvis CT, 535 sagittal view of male pelvis CT, 529 of male pelvis MRI, 563 Sacral promontory, coronal view, of lumbar spine, 436 Sacroiliac joint axial view of female pelvis CT, 538 of female pelvis MRI, 572 of lumbar spine, 427, 428 of male pelvis CT, 523 of male pelvis MRI, 554 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 550, 551 of female pelvis MRI, 583 of hip, 247, 248 of lumbar spine, 434, 435, 437 of male pelvis CT, 535, 536 of male pelvis MRI, 569, 570 sagittal view of male pelvis CT, 528 of male pelvis MRI, 560 Sacroiliac lig. anterior, axial view, of lumbar spine, 427 axial view, of lumbar spine, 428 posterior axial view, of lumbar spine, 428 coronal view, of lumbar spine, 435, 436, 437 Sacrospinous lig., axial view, of hip, 227 Sacrotuberous lig. axial view of hip, 227, 228 of hip arthrogram, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255, 256 sagittal view, of hip, 241

Sacrum axial view of female pelvis CT, 538, 539 of female pelvis MRI, 572 of hip, 224, 225, 226 of lumbar spine, 428 of male pelvis CT, 523 of male pelvis MRI, 554, 555 coronal view of abdomen MRI, 516 of female pelvis CT, 551 of female pelvis MRI, 582, 583, 584 of hip, 247, 248, 249 of lumbar spine, 435 of male pelvis CT, 534, 535 of male pelvis MRI, 569, 570 sagittal view of abdomen MRI, 506, 507, 508 of female pelvis CT, 543, 544, 545 of female pelvis MRI, 576, 577, 578, 579 of hip, 242 of lumbar spine, 429, 430 of male pelvis CT, 529, 530 of male pelvis MRI, 560, 561, 562, 563, 564 Sagittal band, axial view, of hand, 204 Sartorius, coronal view, of male pelvis CT, 531 Sartorius m. axial view of female pelvis CT, 539, 540, 541, 542 of female pelvis MRI, 573, 574, 575 of hip, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232 of knee, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299 of male pelvis CT, 524, 525, 527 of male pelvis MRI, 555, 556, 557, 558 of thigh, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 546 of female pelvis MRI, 580 of hip, 243 of knee, 317, 318, 319 of leg, 345 of male pelvis MRI, 565 of thigh, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 268t sagittal view of hip, 235, 236, 237, 238, 239 of knee, 309, 310 of thigh, 281, 282, 283, 284 Sartorius t. axial view of hip arthrogram, 254 of knee, 300 coronal view, of knee, 317, 318 Scalene m., anterior axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 6, 7 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 27 sagittal view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 21, 22 of thoracic spine, 417 Scalene m., middle axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 6 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 27, 28 sagittal view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 21, 22 of thoracic spine, 417 Scalene m., posterior axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 4, 5 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 28 sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 21, 22 Scaphoid coronal view, of hand, 215, 216, 217 sagittal view, of hand, 207, 208 Scaphoid tuberosity, coronal view, of hand, 214, 215 Scapholunate lig., coronal view, of hand, 215, 216 Scaphotriquetral lig., palmar axial view, of wrist, 176 coronal view, of wrist, 191 sagittal view, of wrist, 182, 183, 184, 185, 186 Scapula ABER view, of shoulder arthrogram, 85 axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 10 of shoulder, 41, 45 of thorax CT, 442, 444

Scapula (Continued) body ABER view, of shoulder arthrogram, 87, 88 axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 7, 8, 9 of shoulder, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 of shoulder arthrogram, 68, 69, 70 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 30, 31, 32 oblique coronal view of shoulder, 62 of shoulder arthrogram, 81 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder, 54, 55 sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 20 coronal view of thoracic spine, 421 of thorax CT, 457 inferior axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 10, 11, 12 coronal view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 32, 33 of thoracic spine, 421 sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 19, 20 medial axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 12 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 32 sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 20 neck axial view, of shoulder, 43 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder, 53 oblique coronal view of shoulder, 60, 62 of shoulder arthrogram, 79 sagittal view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 17, 18, 19 of thorax CT, 449 superior, coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 30 Scapular a., dorsal, coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 28, 29 Scapular circumflex a. coronal view, of arm, 109 oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder, 53 sagittal view, of arm, 104 Scapular lig., superior transverse axial view, of shoulder, 40 oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 61 Scapular notch, coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 28 Scapular spine ABER view, of shoulder arthrogram, 85, 86 axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 6 of shoulder, 37, 38, 39, 40 of shoulder arthrogram, 67, 68 coronal view of arm, 111 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 29, 30, 31 of thoracic spine, 421, 422, 423 oblique coronal view of shoulder, 61, 62 of shoulder arthrogram, 80, 81, 82 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder, 52, 53, 54, 55 sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 17, 18, 19 Schmorl node, coronal view, of lumbar spine, 434 Sciatic n. axial view of female pelvis CT, 540, 541, 542 of female pelvis MRI, 573, 574, 575 of hip, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232 of male pelvis CT, 525 of male pelvis MRI, 554, 556, 557, 558 of thigh, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274 coronal view of female pelvis MRI, 583 of hip, 247 of lumbar spine, 435 of male pelvis CT, 535 of thigh, 291 sagittal view of hip, 237, 238, 241 of male pelvis MRI, 559, 560 of thigh, 279, 280

610  Index Semimembranosus m. axial view of knee, 295, 296 of male pelvis MRI, 558 of thigh, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276 coronal view of knee, 319, 320 of leg, 345 of male pelvis MRI, 569, 570 of thigh, 290, 291, 292, 293 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 222–223t sagittal view of knee, 306, 307, 308 of thigh, 279, 280, 281, 282 Semimembranosus t. axial view of female pelvis MRI, 575 of hip, 230, 231, 232 of knee, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299 of male pelvis MRI, 558 of thigh, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273 coronal view of female pelvis MRI, 583 of knee, 318, 319, 320 of leg, 345 of male pelvis CT, 536 of thigh, 291 sagittal view of hip, 239 of hip arthrogram, 259 of knee, 308, 309 of leg, 339, 340 of male pelvis CT, 528 of male pelvis MRI, 559 of thigh, 280, 281, 282 Seminal vesicle axial view of male pelvis CT, 525 of male pelvis MRI, 556 coronal view of male pelvis CT, 534, 535 of male pelvis MRI, 568, 569 sagittal view of male pelvis CT, 529 of male pelvis MRI, 561, 562, 563, 564 Semispinalis, axial view, of thoracic spine, 415 Semispinalis capitis m. axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 6 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 28, 29, 30, 31 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 412–414t sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 23 Semispinalis cervicis m. axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 4 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 29 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 412–414t Semispinalis thoracis m. axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 31, 33 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 412–414t Semitendinosus m. axial view of hip, 230, 231, 232 of knee, 295 of male pelvis MRI, 558 of thigh, 269, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276 coronal view of female pelvis MRI, 583 of hip, 247, 248 of male pelvis MRI, 569, 570 of thigh, 291, 292, 293 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 222–223t sagittal view of hip, 237, 238, 239, 240 of male pelvis MRI, 559 of thigh, 279, 280, 281, 282 Semitendinosus t. axial view of hip, 232 of knee, 295, 297, 298, 299, 300 of thigh, 269, 272, 273 coronal view of hip, 247 of knee, 317, 318, 319, 320 of male pelvis MRI, 569

Semitendinosus t. (Continued) sagittal view of hip, 238, 239 of hip arthrogram, 259 of knee, 308, 309, 310 of leg, 340 of male pelvis MRI, 559 Serratus anterior m. axial view of abdomen CT, 475 of abdomen MRI, 494, 495, 496, 497 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of shoulder, 39 coronal view of abdomen MRI, 516, 517 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 of thoracic spine, 420, 421, 422 oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 56, 57 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 412–414t sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 18, 19, 20, 21 Serratus posterior m. axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 5 of thoracic spine, 416 sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 21 Serratus posterior m., inferior coronal view, of thoracic spine, 422 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 412–414t sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 21, 22 Serratus posterior m., superior coronal view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 31 of thoracic spine, 421, 422, 423 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 412–414t sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 21, 22 Sesamoid lateral axial view, of foot, 389 coronal view, of foot, 400, 401 sagittal view, of foot, 397 medial axial view, of foot, 389 coronal view, of foot, 400, 401 sagittal view, of foot, 398 radial axial view, of hand, 201 sagittal view, of hand, 206 ulnar axial view, of hand, 201 sagittal view, of hand, 206 volar plate axial view, of hand, 204 coronal view, of hand, 215 sagittal view, of hand, 207 Sinuses of Valsalva, sagittal view, of heart MRI, 465 Small bowel axial view of abdomen CT, 478, 479, 480 of female pelvis CT, 538 of male pelvis CT, 522, 523 of male pelvis MRI, 553, 554, 555 coronal view of abdomen CT, 487, 488, 489, 490, 491 of female pelvis CT, 546, 547, 548 of male pelvis CT, 531, 532 loops axial view of female pelvis MRI, 572 of male pelvis CT, 522 coronal view of abdomen CT, 487 of abdomen MRI, 511 of female pelvis MRI, 581, 582, 583 of male pelvis MRI, 565 sagittal view, of female pelvis MRI, 576, 577, 578 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 481, 483, 484, 485, 486 of abdomen MRI, 502, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509 of female pelvis CT, 543, 544, 545 of female pelvis MRI, 576, 579 of male pelvis CT, 528, 529, 530 of male pelvis MRI, 559, 560, 561, 562, 563, 564

Soleus m. axial view of ankle, 349, 350, 351, 352 of knee, 300, 301 of leg, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333 coronal view of ankle, 379, 380 of knee, 319, 320 of leg, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 322–323t sagittal view of ankle, 367, 368 of knee, 302, 303, 305, 306, 307, 308 of leg, 334, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340 Soleus t., axial view, of leg, 324, 330, 331, 332 Spermatic cord axial view of hip, 228 of male pelvis CT, 526, 527 of male pelvis MRI, 557, 558 coronal view of hip, 243 of male pelvis CT, 531 of male pelvis MRI, 565 sagittal view of male pelvis CT, 529 of male pelvis MRI, 561, 562 Spinal canal axial view, of abdomen MRI, 494, 495 coronal view, of abdomen MRI, 515, 516, 517 sagittal view of abdomen MRI, 505, 506 of female pelvis MRI, 578 Spinal cord axial view of abdomen MRI, 494, 495 of heart MRI, 462 of thoracic spine, 416 coronal view of abdomen MRI, 517 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 31 of thoracic spine, 420 of thorax CT, 457, 458 sagittal view of abdomen MRI, 505, 506 of heart MRI, 465 of thoracic spine, 419 of thorax CT, 451 Spinal n., sagittal view, of thoracic spine, 418 Spinalis capitis m., origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 412–414t Spinalis cervicis m., origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 412–414t Spinalis thoracis m. axial view, of thoracic spine, 415 coronal view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 31 of thoracic spine, 422 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 412–414t sagittal view, of thoracic spine, 419 Spinoglenoid notch axial view of shoulder, 40 of shoulder arthrogram, 67, 68 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 29 oblique coronal view, of shoulder arthrogram, 80 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder, 53 Spinolaminal junction, sagittal view, of lumbar spine, 431 Spinous process axial view of lumbar spine, 425 of male pelvis MRI, 553 coronal view of abdomen CT, 492 of abdomen MRI, 517 of male pelvis CT, 536 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 33 of thoracic spine, 421, 422 sagittal view of abdomen MRI, 506 of male pelvis CT, 530 of thoracic spine, 419

Index  611 Spleen axial view of abdomen CT, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479 of abdomen MRI, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498, 499, 500 coronal view of abdomen CT, 491, 492 of abdomen MRI, 512, 513, 514, 515, 516, 517 of lumbar spine, 436 of thoracic spine, 420 of thorax CT, 457 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 481, 482 of abdomen MRI, 502, 503 of thoracic spine, 417 of thorax CT, 449 Splenic a. axial view, of abdomen MRI, 497 coronal view of abdomen CT, 488, 489, 490, 491 of abdomen MRI, 514, 515 of thorax CT, 454 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 481, 482, 483 of abdomen MRI, 503, 504, 505 Splenic hilum, sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 481 Splenic v. axial view of abdomen CT, 476, 477, 478 of abdomen MRI, 498 coronal view of abdomen CT, 489, 490, 491, 492 of thorax CT, 454 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 481, 482, 483 of abdomen MRI, 503, 504, 505, 506 Splenic vessels axial view, of abdomen MRI, 495, 496 coronal view, of abdomen MRI, 515 sagittal view, of abdomen MRI, 502 Splenius capitis m. axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 6, 7, 8 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 29, 30, 31, 32 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 412–414t sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 22, 23 Splenius cervicis m. axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 6, 7, 8 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 32 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 412–414t sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 22, 23 Splenoportal confluence axial view, of abdomen CT, 478 coronal view, of abdomen CT, 488 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 483 Sternoclavicular joint axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 8 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 24, 25 sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 23 Sternocleidomastoid m. axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 6 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 25, 26, 27 sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 23 Sternocleidomastoid m., clavicular head axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 6 sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 21, 22, 23 Sternocleidomastoid m., sternal head axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 6, 7, 8 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 25 Sternohyoid m. axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 6, 7, 8 sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 22, 23 Sternothyroid m., axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 7, 8 Sternum axial view of abdomen MRI, 494 of heart MRI, 460, 462, 463 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of thorax CT, 444, 446 coronal view of abdomen CT, 487 of abdomen MRI, 510 of heart MRI, 467 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 24

Sternum (Continued) sagittal view of abdomen CT, 483 of abdomen MRI, 506 of heart MRI, 465 of thorax CT, 451 Stomach antrum axial view of abdomen CT, 478, 479 of abdomen MRI, 498, 499, 500 coronal view of abdomen CT, 487 of abdomen MRI, 511 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 482, 483 of abdomen MRI, 508 axial view, of abdomen CT, 475, 476, 477, 478, 479 body axial view of abdomen CT, 477, 478, 479 of abdomen MRI, 496, 497, 498 coronal view of abdomen CT, 487 of abdomen MRI, 510, 511 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 481 of abdomen MRI, 504, 505, 506, 507 coronal view of abdomen CT, 488, 489 of thorax CT, 453 fundus axial view of abdomen CT, 477 of abdomen MRI, 494, 495 coronal view of abdomen CT, 491, 492 of abdomen MRI, 511, 512, 513, 514, 515 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 481 of abdomen MRI, 503, 504 pylorus ring, coronal view, of abdomen MRI, 512 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 481, 482, 483 of thorax CT, 449 Subarachnoid space, sagittal view, of thoracic spine, 419 Subclavian a. axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 6 of thorax CT, 442, 443 coronal view of heart MRI, 468 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 27 of thorax CT, 454, 455 sagittal view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 21, 22 of thorax CT, 449, 450 Subclavian v. axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 7 of thorax CT, 442 coronal view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 25, 26, 27 of thorax CT, 453, 454, 455 sagittal view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 21, 22 of thorax CT, 449, 452 Subclavian vessels, coronal view, of heart MRI, 468 Subclavius m. axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 7 of shoulder, 38, 39, 40 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 25, 26 oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 56 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder, 55 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 35t sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 18, 19, 20, 21 Subcutaneous fat, coronal view, of abdomen MRI, 510, 517 Subcutaneous vessels, coronal view, of abdomen MRI, 510 Sublabral sulcus, oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 59 Sublime process axial view, of elbow, 119, 120 oblique coronal, of elbow, 139

Subscapular a. axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 9 of shoulder, 44, 45 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 28 oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 58 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder, 53, 54 Subscapular recess oblique coronal view, of shoulder arthrogram, 78, 79 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder arthrogram, 77 superior axial view, of shoulder arthrogram, 69 oblique coronal view, of shoulder arthrogram, 78 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder arthrogram, 76, 77 Subscapularis m. ABER view, of shoulder arthrogram, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89 axial view of heart MRI, 460 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 of shoulder, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 of shoulder arthrogram, 67, 68, 69, 70 coronal view of arm, 107, 108, 109, 110 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 of thoracic spine, 420, 421, 422, 423 oblique coronal view of shoulder, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60 of shoulder arthrogram, 78, 79, 80, 81 oblique sagittal view of shoulder, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55 of shoulder arthrogram, 76, 77 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 35t sagittal view of arm, 103 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 15, 17, 18, 19 Subscapularis t. ABER view, of shoulder arthrogram, 84, 85 axial view of shoulder, 40, 41, 42 of shoulder arthrogram, 68, 69, 70 coronal view, of arm, 106 oblique coronal view of shoulder, 58 of shoulder arthrogram, 78 oblique sagittal view of shoulder, 48, 49, 50, 51 of shoulder arthrogram, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77 sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 15 Subtalar joint, anterior coronal view, of ankle, 373 sagittal view, of ankle, 368, 369 Subtalar joint, middle coronal view, of ankle, 374, 375 oblique axial view, of ankle, 362 sagittal view of ankle, 369, 370 of foot, 395 Subtalar joint, posterior coronal view, of ankle, 376, 377, 378 oblique axial view, of ankle, 361 sagittal view, of ankle, 366, 367, 368, 369 Subtrapezial plexus, coronal view, of thoracic spine, 422 Sulcus, posterior, axial view, of ankle, 354 Superior vena cava axial view of heart MRI, 460, 461, 462 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 9, 10, 11 of thorax CT, 444, 445 coronal view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 26, 27 of thorax CT, 454, 455 sagittal view, of thorax CT, 451 Supinator m. axial view of elbow, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124 of forearm, 146, 147, 148 coronal view of forearm, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168 oblique coronal of elbow, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140 oblique sagittal view of elbow, 126, 127, 128 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 144–145t sagittal view, of forearm, 157, 158, 159

612  Index Supinator ridge, axial view, of elbow, 121 Supracondylar crest, lateral axial view, of arm, 95, 96, 97 sagittal view, of arm, 99, 100 Supraglenoid tubercle axial view, of shoulder, 67 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder, 52, 76 Suprascapular a. axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 7 of shoulder, 38, 39, 40, 41 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 28, 29 oblique coronal view of shoulder, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61 of shoulder arthrogram, 79, 80 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder, 53 Suprascapular n. axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 7 of shoulder, 39, 40, 41 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 28, 29 oblique coronal view of shoulder, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61 of shoulder arthrogram, 79, 80 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder, 53 Suprascapular neurovascular bundle axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 7 sagittal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 17 Suprascapular notch axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 7 oblique coronal view of shoulder, 60, 61 of shoulder arthrogram, 79 Suprascapular v., axial view, of shoulder, 39 Supraspinatus lig. axial view, of thoracic spine, 415, 416 coronal view, of thoracic spine, 423 Supraspinatus m. ABER view, of shoulder arthrogram, 84, 85 axial view of heart MRI, 460 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 6 of shoulder, 37, 38, 39 coronal view of arm, 109, 110 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30 of thoracic spine, 420, 421, 422 oblique coronal view of shoulder, 58, 59, 60, 61 of shoulder arthrogram, 78, 79, 80 oblique sagittal view of shoulder, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55 of shoulder arthrogram, 75, 76, 77 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 35t, 412–414t sagittal view of arm, 100, 101, 103, 104 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 Supraspinatus t. ABER view, of shoulder arthrogram, 85 axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 6 of shoulder, 38, 39 of shoulder arthrogram, 67, 68 coronal view of arm, 108, 109 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 26, 27 oblique coronal view of shoulder, 59, 60, 61 of shoulder arthrogram, 78, 79, 80 oblique sagittal view of shoulder, 47, 48, 49, 50 of shoulder arthrogram, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77 sagittal view of arm, 103 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 16 Supraspinous lig., sagittal view of lumbar spine, 431 of thoracic spine, 419 Sural cutaneous n., medial, axial view, of leg, 327, 328 Sural n. axial view, of ankle, 349, 350 medial, axial view, of leg, 324, 325, 326, 329

Suspensory lig., coronal view, of male pelvis MRI, 565 Sustentaculum tali axial view, of ankle, 355 coronal view, of ankle, 374, 375 oblique axial view, of ankle, 361, 362 sagittal view of ankle, 369, 370 of foot, 395, 396 Sympathetic trunk, axial view, of lumbar spine, 427 Symphysis pubis axial view, of male pelvis CT, 526 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 546 of male pelvis CT, 532 sagittal view, of male pelvis CT, 530 Synovial space axial view, of knee, 297 sagittal view, of knee, 304, 305, 306, 307

T T5, spinous process, 415 T6 lamina, 415 vertebra, 415 T7 inferior facet, 415 superior facet, 415 T9 pedicle, 416 vertebra, 416 T10 pedicle, 416 vertebra, 416 T12 vertebra, 435 T12 vertebral a. and v., sagittal view, of lumbar spine, 431 T12–L1 annulus fibrosus, 435 nucleus pulposus, 435 Talar dome coronal view, of ankle, 374, 375, 376 oblique axial view, of ankle, 352, 360 sagittal view, of ankle, 366, 367, 368, 369 Talocalcaneal joint, posterior facet, axial view, of ankle, 354 Talocalcaneal lig. coronal view, of ankle, 374, 375 sagittal view, of ankle, 366, 367, 368 Talofibular lig., anterior axial view, of ankle, 353 coronal view, of ankle, 376 Talofibular lig., posterior axial view, of ankle, 354 coronal view, of ankle, 377 oblique axial view, of ankle, 360 sagittal view, of ankle, 365, 366, 367 Talonavicular joint axial view, of ankle, 353, 354 coronal view, of ankle, 372 sagittal view, of ankle, 369 Talonavicular lig., oblique axial view, of ankle, 362 Talus axial view of ankle, 354 of foot, 386 body axial view, of ankle, 353 coronal view, of ankle, 374, 375, 376 sagittal view, of ankle, 367, 368, 369 coronal view of ankle, 373, 374, 377, 378 of leg, 342 head axial view of ankle, 353, 354 of foot, 385 coronal view, of ankle, 372 sagittal view of ankle, 368, 369 of foot, 394, 395 lateral process coronal view, of ankle, 376 sagittal view, of ankle, 366, 367 neck axial view, of ankle, 353 sagittal view, of foot, 394

Talus (Continued) oblique axial view, of ankle, 361, 362 posterior process axial view, of ankle, 354 oblique axial view, of ankle, 360 sagittal view, of ankle, 368 sagittal view of ankle, 370 of foot, 393, 396 Tarsal sinus axial view, of ankle, 354 coronal view, of ankle, 374 sagittal view, of ankle, 368 Tarsometatarsal joint, 5th, axial view, of ankle, 356 Tensor fasciae latae m. axial view of female pelvis CT, 540, 541, 542 of female pelvis MRI, 574, 575 of hip, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231 of male pelvis CT, 524, 525, 526, 527 of male pelvis MRI, 556, 557, 558 of thigh, 269, 270 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 546, 547, 548 of female pelvis MRI, 580, 581 of hip, 244, 245 of male pelvis CT, 531, 532, 533 of male pelvis MRI, 565, 566 of thigh, 286, 287, 288 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 222–223t sagittal view of hip, 233, 234, 235 of thigh, 277, 278, 279 Teres major m. axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 9, 10, 11, 12 of shoulder, 45 coronal view of arm, 109, 110, 111, 113 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 of thoracic spine, 421, 422, 423 oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 61, 62, 63, 64 oblique sagittal view of shoulder, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55 of shoulder arthrogram, 77 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 35t, 412–414t sagittal view of arm, 101, 103, 104 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19 Teres major t. axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 10 of shoulder, 44, 45 coronal view of arm, 108 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 28 oblique sagittal view, of shoulder, 49, 50, 51 Teres minor m. axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 8, 9, 10 of shoulder, 42, 43, 44, 45 of shoulder arthrogram, 70, 71, 88 coronal view of arm, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 29, 30, 31, 32 of thoracic spine, 420, 421, 422, 423 oblique coronal view of shoulder, 62, 63, 64 of shoulder arthrogram, 83 oblique sagittal view of shoulder, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55 of shoulder arthrogram, 75, 76, 77 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 35t, 412–414t sagittal view of arm, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 15, 16, 17 Teres minor t. ABER view, of shoulder arthrogram, 87, 88, 89 axial view, of shoulder arthrogram, 70 oblique coronal view of shoulder, 64 of shoulder arthrogram, 83

Index  613 Teres minor t. (Continued) oblique sagittal view of shoulder, 48, 49, 50 of shoulder arthrogram, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76 sagittal view of arm, 102 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 15 Testis axial view, of male pelvis MRI, 558 coronal view, of male pelvis MRI, 565 sagittal view, of male pelvis MRI, 561, 562, 563, 564 Thecal sac axial view of lumbar spine, 425, 426, 427, 428 of male pelvis CT, 523 of male pelvis MRI, 553, 554 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 551 of female pelvis MRI, 583 of lumbar spine, 435 of male pelvis CT, 535 of thoracic spine, 420 sagittal view of female pelvis CT, 544, 545 of lumbar spine, 431 of male pelvis CT, 530 of male pelvis MRI, 564 Thoracic a. lateral, oblique sagittal view, of shoulder, 55 segmental, coronal view, of thoracic spine, 420 Thoracic a., internal axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 10, 11, 12, 13 of thorax CT, 443, 444 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 24, 25 Thoracic duct, axial view, of thoracic spine, 416 Thoracic lamina, coronal view, of thoracic spine, 421 Thoracic n., lateral, oblique sagittal view, of shoulder, 55 Thoracic neurovascular bundle lateral, coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 31 long, coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 31 Thoracic pars interarticularis, sagittal view, of thoracic spine, 419 Thoracic pedicle coronal view, of thoracic spine, 420 sagittal view, of thoracic spine, 419 Thoracic spinal n. coronal view, of thoracic spine, 420 sagittal view, of thoracic spine, 419 Thoracic v., internal axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 10, 11, 12, 13 of thorax CT, 444 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 24, 25 Thoracic v., segmental, coronal view, of thoracic spine, 420 Thoracic vertebra coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 28 sagittal view, of thoracic spine, 419 Thoracic vertebral body axial view of heart MRI, 460, 462 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 9 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 29, 30 sagittal view, of heart MRI, 465 Thoracic vertebral vessels axial view, of thoracic spine, 415 sagittal view, of thoracic spine, 418 Thoracoacromial a. axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 7 oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 56 Thoracoacromial a., acromial branch axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 6 of shoulder, 36, 37, 38 oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 57, 58 Thoracoacromial a., clavicular branch axial view, of shoulder, 36 oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 57, 58 Thoracoacromial a., deltoid branch, axial view, of shoulder, 41 Thoracoacromial v., acromial branch, axial view, of shoulder, 37, 38 Thoracodorsal a., oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 58

Thoracolumbar fascia axial view of lumbar spine, 427 posterior part, 425, 426, 427, 428 of thoracic spine, posterior part, 416 sagittal view of lumbar spine, 430, 431 posterior part, 429, 430 of thoracic spine, 418 Thumb distal phalanx coronal view, 216 sagittal view, 205 interphalangeal joint, coronal view, 217 proximal phalanx axial view, 202 coronal view, 216 sagittal view, 205, 205, 206 Thyrocervical trunk, coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 27 Thyroid axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 5 of thorax CT, 442 coronal view, of thorax CT, 453 Thyroid cartilage axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 4 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 25 Tibia axial view of ankle, 349, 350, 351, 352 of knee, 300, 301 of leg, 324, 325, 326, 328, 329, 331, 333 coronal view of ankle, 374, 375, 376, 377 of knee, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318 of leg, 342, 343, 344 distal, sagittal view, of leg, 336, 338 oblique axial view, of ankle, 359, 360, 361 sagittal view of ankle, 366, 367, 368, 369, 371 of knee, 303, 304, 305, 307, 309, 310 of leg, 337, 338, 339 Tibial a., posterior, coronal view, of leg, 344 Tibial condyle, medial, axial view, of knee, 300 Tibial cortex, coronal view, of leg, 342, 343 Tibial eminence, coronal view of knee, 316, 317 of leg, 337 Tibial (medial) collateral lig. axial view, of knee, 298, 299 coronal view of knee, 315, 316 of leg, 343 Tibial n. axial view of ankle, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356 of knee, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 301 of leg, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333 of thigh, 275, 276 coronal view of ankle, 377, 379 of knee, 317, 318, 319, 320 of leg, 344 of thigh, 290 oblique axial view, of ankle, 359, 361 sagittal view of ankle, 369, 370 of knee, 305 Tibial plafond coronal view, of ankle, 374, 375, 376 sagittal view of ankle, 366, 367, 368, 369 of leg, 337 Tibial plateau, lateral axial view, of knee, 299 coronal view of knee, 314, 315, 318, 319 of leg, 343, 344 sagittal view of knee, 302, 303, 304 of leg, 335, 336, 337 Tibial plateau, medial axial view, of knee, 299 coronal view

Tibial plateau, medial (Continued) of knee, 313, 318 of leg, 343, 344 sagittal view of knee, 308, 309 of leg, 339, 340 Tibial tubercle axial view of ankle, 351 of knee, 300, 301 of leg, 324 sagittal view, of leg, 336 Tibial tuberosity coronal view, of knee, 313 sagittal view, of knee, 306 Tibialis anterior a. axial view of ankle, 349, 350, 351 of leg, 325 coronal view, of leg, 343, 344 oblique axial view, of ankle, 360, 361, 362 Tibialis anterior m. axial view of knee, 300, 301 of leg, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333 coronal view of knee, 314, 315, 316 of leg, 342, 343 oblique axial view, of ankle, 359 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 322–323t sagittal view of knee, 303, 304 of leg, 334, 335, 336 Tibialis anterior t. axial view of ankle, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353 of foot, 385, 386 of leg, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333 coronal view of ankle, 372 of foot, 405, 406, 407 of leg, 342, 343 oblique axial view, of ankle, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 364 sagittal view of ankle, 369, 370 of foot, 396, 397 of leg, 336, 337 Tibialis anterior v., axial view of ankle, 349, 350, 351 of leg, 325 Tibialis anterior vessels axial view, of leg, 324, 326, 327, 329, 330, 331, 333 coronal view, of ankle, 373 sagittal view of ankle, 367, 368 of leg, 338 Tibialis posterior a. axial view, of ankle, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353 coronal view, of ankle, 379 oblique axial view, of ankle, 361 Tibialis posterior m. axial view of knee, 301 of leg, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333 coronal view of knee, 316, 317, 318 of leg, 343, 344 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 322–323t sagittal view of knee, 304 of leg, 336, 337, 338 Tibialis posterior t. additional slip coronal view, of foot, 406, 407 oblique axial view, of ankle, 362, 363, 364 axial view of ankle, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355 of foot, 386 of leg, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333 coronal view of ankle, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376

614  Index Tibialis posterior t. (Continued) of foot, 407 of leg, 343, 344 cuneiform slip axial view of ankle, 355 of foot, 386, 387 sagittal view of ankle, 371 of foot, 396 oblique axial view, of ankle, 359, 360, 361, 363 sagittal view of ankle, 370, 371 of foot, 396, 397 of leg, 337, 338, 339 Tibialis posterior v., axial view, of ankle, 349, 350, 351, 352, 353 Tibialis posterior vessels axial view of ankle, 354, 355, 356 of leg, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333 coronal view of ankle, 376, 377 of knee, 319 oblique axial view, of ankle, 359, 360 Tibiocalcaneal lig., sagittal view, of ankle, 370 Tibiofibular joint, proximal sagittal view of knee, 303 of leg, 335, 336 Tibiofibular lig., anterior inferior axial view, of ankle, 352 oblique axial view, of ankle, 360 sagittal view, of ankle, 365, 366 Tibiofibular lig., posterior inferior axial view, of ankle, 352 coronal view, of ankle, 377, 378 oblique axial view, of ankle, 360 Tibiotalar joint, axial view, of ankle, 352, 353, 354 Tibiotalar lig. anterior, sagittal view, of ankle, 370 posterior, sagittal view, of ankle, 370 Toe, 1st (great), proximal phalanx axial view, 388, 389 coronal view, 399 sagittal view, 397, 398 Toe, 2nd extensor t., sagittal view, 395 proximal phalanx coronal view, 399 sagittal view, 395, 396 Toe, 3rd, proximal phalanx axial view, 389 coronal view, 399 sagittal view, 394 Toe, 4th flexor t., sagittal view, 393 proximal phalanx axial view, 389 coronal view, 399 sagittal view, 392 Trachea axial view of heart MRI, 460 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 7, 8, 9 of thorax CT, 442, 443 coronal view of heart MRI, 468 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 24, 26, 27 of thorax CT, 454, 455, 456 sagittal view of heart MRI, 465 of thorax CT, 451 Tracheal carina axial view, of thorax CT, 444 coronal view, of thorax CT, 456 Transverse acetabular lig. axial view, of hip arthrogram, 254, 355 coronal view, of hip arthrogram, 262, 263, 264, 265 sagittal view, of hip arthrogram, 260, 261 Transverse cervical vessels axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 5 coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 28, 29 Transverse humeral lig., axial view, of shoulder, 42, 43

Transverse meniscal lig. coronal view, of knee, 313 sagittal view, of knee, 306 Transverse process axial view of lumbar spine, 425 of thoracic spine, 415, 416 coronal view, of thoracic spine, 421 Transversospinalis m. axial view, of thoracic spine, 415, 416 coronal view, of thoracic spine, 421 sagittal view, of thoracic spine, 418 Transversus abdominis m. axial view of abdomen CT, 478, 480 of abdomen MRI, 498, 499 of hip, 224 of male pelvis CT, 522, 523 of male pelvis MRI, 553 coronal view of abdomen CT, 487, 489, 490 of female pelvis CT, 547, 548 of male pelvis CT, 531, 532, 533, 534 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 474t sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 481, 486 Trapezium coronal view, of hand, 214, 215, 216 sagittal view, of hand, 207, 208 Trapezius m. axial view, 36, 37 of heart MRI, 460 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of shoulder, 36, 37 of thoracic spine, 415, 416 coronal view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 of thoracic spine, 420, 421, 422, 423 oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61 oblique sagittal view of shoulder, 53, 54, 55 of shoulder arthrogram, 76, 77 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 412–414t sagittal view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 of thoracic spine, 417, 418, 419 Trapezoid coronal view, of hand, 215, 216, 217 sagittal view, of hand, 207, 208 Trapezoid lig., coracoclavicular portion, coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 26, 27 Trapezotriquetral lig., dorsal, coronal view, of hand, 216, 217 Triangular fibrocartilage, coronal view, of hand, 215, 216, 217 Triangular space coronal view of arm, 110 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 29 oblique coronal view, of shoulder, 62 Triceps brachii m. axial view of arm, 95, 96, 97 of elbow, 116 coronal view of arm, 109, 110 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 30, 31, 32, 33 oblique coronal, of elbow, 138, 139 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 91t sagittal view of arm, 99, 100, 101 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 15 Triceps brachii m., lateral head axial view of arm, 92, 93, 94 of elbow, 115 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 9, 10, 11, 12 of shoulder, 45 coronal view of arm, 109, 110, 111, 112 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 30, 31

Triceps brachii m., lateral head (Continued) oblique coronal view of elbow, 141, 142 of shoulder, 63, 64 oblique sagittal view of elbow, 125, 126, 132 of shoulder, 49, 50 sagittal view of arm, 98, 99, 100, 101 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 14, 15 Triceps brachii m., long head axial view of arm, 92, 93, 94 of elbow, 115 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of shoulder, 43, 44, 45 of shoulder arthrogram, 71 coronal view of arm, 110, 111, 112, 113 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 oblique coronal view of elbow, 139, 140, 141 of shoulder, 62, 63, 64, 65 oblique sagittal view of elbow, 129, 130, 131 of shoulder, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54 sagittal view of arm, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 14, 15 Triceps brachii m., medial head axial view of arm, 92, 93, 94 of elbow, 115 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 12, 13 coronal view of arm, 108, 109 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 30, 31 oblique coronal, of elbow, 139, 140, 141, 142 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 127, 128, 129 sagittal view of arm, 101, 102, 103, 104 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 15 Triceps brachii musculotendinous unit, coronal view, of arm, 109 Triceps brachii t. axial view of arm, 95, 96, 97 of elbow, 115, 116, 117 coronal view, of arm, 109, 110 oblique coronal, of elbow, 141, 142 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 126, 127, 129, 130, 131 sagittal view, of arm, 101, 102 Triceps brachii t., long head ABER view, of shoulder arthrogram, 89 axial view, of shoulder, 44, 45 coronal view of arm, 110 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 29 oblique sagittal view of shoulder, 51 of shoulder arthrogram, 76, 77 Triceps m., lateral head, axial view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 9 Tricipital aponeurosis, axial view, of elbow, 116 Tricuspid plane, axial view, of heart MRI, 463 Triquetrum coronal view, of hand, 215, 216, 217 sagittal view of hand, 210, 211 of wrist, 210, 211 Trochlea axial view, of elbow, 117, 118 femoral axial view, of knee, 297, 298 coronal view, of knee, 311 oblique coronal, of elbow, 138, 139 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 129, 130, 131 sagittal view, of arm, 100, 101, 102, 103 Trochlear notch oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 129, 130 sagittal view, of arm, 101, 102 Tunica albuginea, axial view, of male pelvis MRI, 558

Index  615 U Ulna axial view, of elbow, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124 coronal view of forearm, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167 of hand, 216, 217, 218 oblique coronal, of elbow, 139, 140 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 128, 129 radial notch, axial view, of elbow, 119 sagittal view of arm, 101 of forearm, 159, 160, 161 Ulnar a. axial view of elbow, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124 of forearm, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155 coronal view of forearm, 162, 163, 164, 165 of hand, 214, 215 oblique coronal, of elbow, 136, 137, 138 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 129 sagittal view, of forearm, 158, 159 Ulnar a., deep axial view, of hand, 198 coronal view, of hand, 215 Ulnar a., superficial, axial view, of hand, 198, 199 Ulnar collateral a., inferior, axial view, of arm, 96, 97 Ulnar collateral a., superior, axial view of arm, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97 of elbow, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122 Ulnar collateral lig. accessory, coronal view, of hand, 216 axial view of elbow, 117, 118, 119 of hand, 204 coronal view of arm, 107 of hand, 216, 217 lateral axial view, of elbow, 119, 120, 121, 122 oblique coronal, of elbow, 139, 140 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 126, 127, 128 oblique coronal, of elbow, 139 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 132 sagittal view, of hand, 205, 206 Ulnar head axial view, of elbow, 123 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 131, 132 Ulnar n. axial view of arm, 92, 94, 95, 96 of elbow, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124 of forearm, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155 coronal view of forearm, 162, 163 of hand, 214, 215 oblique coronal, of elbow, 138, 139, 140, 141 oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 131, 132 sagittal view of forearm, 159, 160 of hand, 210 Ulnar recurrent a., oblique coronal, of elbow, 138 Ulnar sesamoid axial view, of hand, 201 sagittal view, of hand, 206 Ulnar styloid, coronal view, of hand, 216, 217 Ulnar tuberosity, oblique sagittal view, of elbow, 130 Ulnotriquetral lig., palmar, sagittal view, of wrist, 187 Umbilical a., obliterated, axial view, of male pelvis MRI, 555 Umbilicus axial view of abdomen CT, 480 of male pelvis MRI, 553 coronal view of abdomen MRI, 510 of female pelvis MRI, 580 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 483 of abdomen MRI, 506 of male pelvis CT, 530

Uncinate process axial view of abdomen CT, 479 of abdomen MRI, 499, 500 coronal view, of abdomen CT, 488 sagittal view, of abdomen CT, 484 Ureter axial view of abdomen MRI, 501 of male pelvis CT, 522, 523, 524 coronal view of abdomen MRI, 515 of female pelvis CT, 548 of male pelvis CT, 532 sagittal view of abdomen MRI, 508 of male pelvis CT, 529 Ureterovesicular junction, axial view, of male pelvis CT, 525 Urethra axial view of female pelvis CT, 541, 542 of female pelvis MRI, 575 of male pelvis CT, 526 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 549 of female pelvis MRI, 582 of male pelvis MRI, 565 membranous, axial view, of male pelvis CT, 527 prostatic segment, axial view, of male pelvis MRI, 557 sagittal view of female pelvis CT, 545 of female pelvis MRI, 578 spongiose segment, axial view, of male pelvis CT, 527 Urinary bladder axial view of female pelvis CT, 540, 541 of female pelvis MRI, 574, 575 of hip, 228 of male pelvis CT, 525, 526 of male pelvis MRI, 556 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 546, 547, 548, 549, 550 of female pelvis MRI, 581, 582 of hip, 244, 245 of male pelvis CT, 532, 533, 534 of male pelvis MRI, 566, 567 sagittal view of female pelvis CT, 543, 544, 545 of female pelvis MRI, 576, 577, 578, 579 of male pelvis CT, 529, 530 of male pelvis MRI, 561, 562, 563, 564 Urogenital diaphragm coronal view, of female pelvis CT, 550 sagittal view, of male pelvis CT, 529 Uterine a. axial view, of female pelvis CT, 540 coronal view, of female pelvis CT, 550 Uterine body coronal view, of female pelvis CT, 551 sagittal view, of female pelvis CT, 544, 545 Uterine cervix axial view, of female pelvis CT, 540 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 551 of female pelvis MRI, 582, 583 sagittal view of female pelvis CT, 544, 545 of female pelvis MRI, 578, 579 Uterine corpus, sagittal view, of female pelvis MRI, 578 Uterine fundus axial view, of female pelvis MRI, 573 sagittal view, of female pelvis CT, 545 Uterine v. axial view, of female pelvis CT, 540 coronal view, of female pelvis CT, 550 Uterosacral lig., axial view, of female pelvis CT, 540 Uterus axial view, of female pelvis CT, 538, 539, 540 coronal view, of female pelvis CT, 550 sagittal view, of female pelvis MRI, 579

V Vagina axial view of female pelvis CT, 541, 542 of female pelvis MRI, 574, 575 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 549, 550, 551 of female pelvis MRI, 582, 583 posterior fornix, sagittal view, of female pelvis MRI, 579 sagittal view of female pelvis CT, 544, 545 of female pelvis MRI, 578, 579 Vagus n., axial view, of thorax CT, 442 Valsalva, sinuses of, sagittal view, of heart MRI, 465 Vas deferens axial view, of male pelvis MRI, 555 coronal view, of male pelvis MRI, 568, 569 Vastus intermedius m. axial view of female pelvis CT, 542 of hip, 230, 231, 232 of male pelvis CT, 527 of male pelvis MRI, 558 of thigh, 269, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 548, 549 of female pelvis MRI, 581, 582 of hip, 244, 245 of male pelvis CT, 535 of male pelvis MRI, 566, 567 of thigh, 288, 289 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 268t sagittal view of hip, 234, 235, 236, 237 of thigh, 277, 278, 279, 280, 281 Vastus intermedius t., axial view, of thigh, 270, 271, 275, 276 Vastus lateralis m. axial view of female pelvis CT, 542 of female pelvis MRI, 575 of hip, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232 of knee, 295, 296 of male pelvis CT, 526, 527 of male pelvis MRI, 557, 558 of thigh, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276 coronal view of female pelvis CT, 548, 549, 550 of female pelvis MRI, 581, 582 of hip, 244, 245, 246 of knee, 313, 314, 315 of male pelvis CT, 534, 535 of male pelvis MRI, 566, 567, 568, 569 of thigh, 286, 287, 289, 290, 291 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 268t sagittal view of hip, 233, 234, 235 of knee, 302 of thigh, 277, 278, 279, 280 Vastus medialis m. axial view of knee, 295, 296 of thigh, 273, 274, 276 coronal view of knee, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316 of thigh, 288, 289, 290 origin, insertion, and nerve supply of, 268t sagittal view of knee, 307, 308, 309, 310 of thigh, 281, 282, 283 Ventricle left axial view of heart MRI, 462, 463 of thorax CT, 446, 447 coronal view of abdomen CT, 488, 490 of abdomen MRI, 512 of heart MRI, 467, 468 of thorax CT, 453, 455 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 481, 482, 483 of heart MRI, 464 of thorax CT, 449, 450, 451

616  Index Ventricle (Continued) right axial view of heart MRI, 462, 463 of thorax CT, 446, 447, 448 coronal view of abdomen CT, 487, 488, 490 of heart MRI, 467, 468 of thorax CT, 453 sagittal view of abdomen CT, 481, 482 of heart MRI, 464, 466 of thorax CT, 449, 450, 451 Ventricular cavity left coronal view, of heart MRI, 468 sagittal view, of heart MRI, 464 right, sagittal view, of heart MRI, 465 Ventricular myocardium, left coronal view, of heart MRI, 468 sagittal view, of heart MRI, 464 Ventricular outflow tract, right, sagittal view, of heart MRI, 464 Ventricular papillary m., left, coronal view, of thorax CT, 454 Vertebra, thoracic coronal view, of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 28 sagittal view, of thoracic spine, 419

Vertebral a. axial view of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 4 of thorax CT, 442 sagittal view, of lumbar spine, 431 Vertebral body axial view of heart MRI, 460, 462 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 9, 10, 11, 13 coronal view of abdomen MRI, 513, 514, 515 of heart MRI, 468, 469 of pectoral girdle and chest wall, 29, 30 of thorax CT, 457 sagittal view of abdomen MRI, 505, 506, 507 Vertebral v. axial view, of thorax CT, 442 sagittal view, of lumbar spine, 431 Vertebral vessels, thoracic axial view, of thoracic spine, 415 sagittal view, of thoracic spine, 418 Vestibule, axial view, of female pelvis CT, 542 Volar plate axial view, of hand, 202, 204 coronal view, of hand, 214, 215, 216 sagittal view, of hand, 205, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213

X Xiphoid process axial view of abdomen MRI, 496 of thorax CT, 446, 447 coronal view of abdomen CT, 487 of abdomen MRI, 510 of heart MRI, 467 sagittal view of heart MRI, 465 of thorax CT, 451

Z Zona articularis, coronal view, of hip arthrogram, 266 Zona orbicularis axial view, of hip arthrogram, 253, 254, 255, 256 coronal view, of hip arthrogram, 263, 264, 265, 266 sagittal view, of hip arthrogram, 257, 258 Zygapophyseal (facet) joint, sagittal view, of thoracic spine, 418, 419

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