Secondary Small Arms Identification and Operation Guide - Eurasian Communist Countries
This guide is intended to provide information on the identification, physical characteristics, operation and functioning
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Table of contents :
PREFACE iii
Section I. PISTOLS
A. THE 9-MM PISTOLE 38 (P38) 1
B. THE 9-MM BROWNING MODEL 1835 HIGH POWER PISTOL (BROWNING HP) 6
C. MAINTENANCE 13
Section II. SUBMACHINEGUNS
A. THE 9-MM SUBMACHINEGUNS MODELS 1938 AND 1940 (MP38 AND MP40) 15
B. THE 9-MM SUBMACHINEGUN M, A, T, MODELE 1949 (MAT-49) 20
C. THE 9-MM STEN SUBMACHINEGUN 25
D. THE 9-MM "PORT SAID" SUBMACHINEGUN 31
E. THE 9-MM MADSEN MODEL 50 SUBMACHINEGUN 34
F. THE 9-MM UZI SUBMACHINEGUN 38
G. MAINTENANCE 45
Section III. RIFLES
A. MAUSER MODEIL 1898 RIFLES 47
B. THE 7. 5-MM MAS-36 RIFLE 53
C. THE .303-CALIBER LEE ENFIELD RIFLES 56
D. THE 7.62-MM FN-FAL RIFLE 62
E. THE 7.62-MM G3 RIFLE 72
F. MAINTENANCE 80
Section IV. MACHINEGUNS
A. THE ZB26 AND ZB30 LIGHT MACHINEGUNS 82
B. THE BREN LIGHT MACHINEGUN 89
C. THE FRENCH 7.5-MM MODEL 24/29 LIGHT MACHINEGUN 96
D. THE GERMAN 7.92- MM MG34 LIGHT MACHINEGUN 103
E. THE GERMAN 7.92-MM MG42 LIGHT MACHINEGUN 116
F. THE CZECHOSLOVAK ZB37 HEAVY MACHINEGUN 125
G. MAINTENANCE 140
Section V. AMMUNITION
General 142
References 142
Citation preview
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
ARMY MATERIEL COMMAND
U.S. ARMY FOREIGN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY CENTER
SECONDARY SMALL ARMS IDENTIFICATION AKD OPERATION GUIDE ~-EURASIAN COMMUNIST COUNTRIES
An Army Intelligence Document
SECONDARY SMALL ARMS IDENTIFICATION AND OPERATION GUIDE-~EURASIAN COMMUNIST COUNTRIES
Harold E. Johnson
May 1969
(Based on information available as of September 1968)
An Army Intelligence Document
This product contains agreed Department of the Army Intelligence, This product was prepared by the US Army
Foreign
Science
and Technology Center of
the Army Materiel Command,
It has been
reviewed and approved by the Office of the Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence, partment of the Army,
De-
but does not neces-
sarily represent an approved Depariment of Defense position and is not to be considered a Department of Defense Intelligence Product,
Distribution of this document is unlimited.
It may be re~
leased to the Clearinghouse, Department of Commerce, for
sale to the general public. Reproduction of this document in whole or in part is prohibited without the written permission of the U.S. Army Foreign Science and Technology Center.
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
PREFACE This guide is intended to provide information on the identification, physical characteristics, operation and functioning, user maintenance,
accessories,
and ammunition of secondary
Eurasian Communist small arms.
Secondary small arms
either are older design communist weapons no longer used by regular army units or are noncommunist weapons known to be
in extensive use by Communist militia or guerrilla units.
Disassembly and assembly procedures are limited to those operations required for the user to properly maintain
the weapon.
Detailed or complete disassembly should not be
undertaken because the danger of lost or broken parts would render the weapon unusable.
Major parts (bolts,
trigger
mechanisms, and the like) should not be interchanged between weapons; these parts usually are numbered to fit specific weapons,
functions.
and their use in other weapons could cause mal-
No attempt has been made to provide instructions
for complete maintenance and repair.
Unless otherwise specified, the weapons covered herein should be cleaned and lubricated with the same materials and techniques used for standard US small arms.
Special care
should be taken to remove the firing residue from the components of the gas mechanism of gas-operated arms,
Information on standard Eurasian Communist weapons can be found in FSTC-CS5-07-35-66,
Small Arms Identification
and Operation Guide--Eurasian Communist Countries,
iii
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
TABLE OF CONTENTS Para PREFACE --------------==----mmmmmmmmee oo Section I.
A.
B.
Page iii
PISTOLS
THE 9-MM PISTOLE 38 (P38) General---=----=------ce e
1
1
Technical Data -~----~--=-~--~-------~---
2
2
Operation ------==m-mermm e e e oo
3
2
Disassembly and Assembly -------------
4
4
Functioning ---------------=-c-u-co-mu-
5
4
Accessorieg------------=--------cn----
6
6
General----------------c-cmmmmme e
7
6
Technical Data -----------------~wwwuu-
8
8
Operation------=m-m e e e e
9
8
Disassembly and Assembly =~~==~=-=w----
10
9
Functioning -----=-----=----mevuwrmcuno
11
10
Accessorieg-----------mmcmmc
e
12
13
Care and Cleaning ----------------~=-~-
13
13
Malfunctions and Stoppages -------------
14
13
General-----------------------o--onoo-
15
15
Technical Data ------------------------
16
16
Operation-------------------ccccccnwu
17
16
Disassembly and Assembly ~--------~----
18
18
Functioning ----------------~----------
19
18
Accessories---------------mmmocmcmm oo
20
20
THE 9- MM BROWNING MODEL 1835
HIGH POWER PISTOL (BROWNING HP)
C. MAINTENANCE
Section II. A.
SUBMACHINEGUNS
THE 9-MM SUBMACHINEGUNS MODELS
1938 AND 1940 (MP38 AND MP40)
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
B.
Para
Page
General--------------oocmmc oo
21
20
Technical Data --------~=---=-o--oo-uu
22
22
Operation-------------------c-ov-u--m-
23
22
Disassembly and Assembly -------------
24
23
Functioning -------------==------woomun
25
24
Accessories-------------------------o-
26
25
General-----------------r-mmmm e
27
25
Technical Data ---------------=--~----~
28
27
Operation-------------------o--o-ooooo
29
27
Disassembly and Assembly -------------
30
28
Functioning ----=~=-==--=ce--reemeeee e
31
29
Accessories------------momrommmano oo
32
31
THE 9-MM SUBMACHINEGUN M, A, T,
MODELE 1949 (MAT-49)
C.
THE 9-MM STEN SUBMACHINEGUN
D. THE 9-MM "PORT SAID'" SUBMACHINEGUN
E.
General-----------r--m-ocome e oo
33
31
Technical Data --~---------------------
34
32
Operation ----~=--==-=moro em e e me o
35
32
Disassembly and Assembly --~----------
36
33
Functioning -------=-----~-----mooo--o-
37
33
Accessories---------------s--------oo
38
33
General-----------c---ommmm e
39
34
Technical Data ~--------------~---------
40
35
Operation —==---- ===
e
41
35
Disassembly and Assembly -------------
42
37
Functioning ----------=--=--c-ooommoo—
43
38
Accessories------------------so---o---
44
38
THE 9-MM MADSEN MODEL 50
SUBMACHINEGUN
e
vi
o
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Para F.
THE 9- MM UZI SUBMACHINEGUN
Genergl-----------mmmmmmoe
G.
e
45
38
Technical Data ----------------vwruw-o
46
39
Operation---=-=---=-merooommcm e o
47
40
Disassembly and Assembly -~~----===---~-
48
42
Functioning -~--=--==mm=mmmemeo e
49
43
Accessories--------------m-coammoa o
50
44
Care and Cleaning --------------====-==
51
45
Malfunctions and Stoppages -------------
52
45
General--------=-------s-s-eoooo oo
53
47
Technical Data ~--=-=~~=--=~roceceeonnon
54
49
Operation----------==--cv-sr-cmmmmeoo
55
49
Disassembly and Assembly -------------
56
50
Functioning ~------------m-m-ommm -
57
51
‘Accessoriegs-------------rm---mmommme—n o
58
53
General-------------rommc e e
59
53
Technical Data ~-----------------------
60
54
Operation----------~---------cuu-—ux --
61
54
Disassembly and Assembly ---~-=----~~-
62
55
Functioning --------------------u--oooo
63
55
Accessories-------m-----oemms-oomoann
64
56
MAINTENANCE
Section III.
A.
B.
Page
RIFLES
MAUSER MODEIL 1898 RIFLES
THE 7. 5-MM MAS-36 RIFLE
vii
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Para
Page
C. THE . 303-CALIBER LEE ENFIELD RIFLES General-----------------------------
56
Technical Data -------------~--=nw--n
58
Operation------------~----c-cuucu--
58
Disassembly and Assembly -----------
60
Functioning --~------==r--mmeommmen e
61
Accessories----------------------oo-
62
THE 7.62-MM FN-FAL RIFLE
e cmme e General----=-mrm
Technical Data ~---=-====-cceccumeunaon Operation ----=----=c-mcomcmooooo
Disassembly and Assembly --------~--~ Functioning -------===-=-=-=--------c e Accessoriegs--~--=----memcmmmmmc
71
62
72
65
73
65
74
67
75
68
76
71
17
72
THE 7, 62-MM G3 RIFLE
General-=-«==memeam
e
Technical Data ~---=-==--crmmcmcmmme Operation ------=-=-=----c-cocomo—Disassembly and Assembly ----~~~--~~ Functioning ------==----=-==-cnc-o---
78
73
79
73
80
74
81
76
82
79
83
80
84
80
General--------------------------n--
85
82
Technical Data -----=-==---==-===-=-m--
86
84
e Accessories------==mcmmmmmcmcen MAINTENANCE
Care and Cleaning ------------------~
Malfunctions and Stoppages -----------
Section IV, A,
MACHINEGUNS
THE ZB26 AND ZB30 LIGHT MACHINEGUNS
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
Section IV, A,
Para
Page
87
84
88
85
89
86
90
89
91
89
MACHINEGUNS (Continued)
THE ZB26 AND ZB30 LIGHT
MACHINEGUNS (Continued) Operation ---=======c==cccmcmommaaon
Disassembly and Assembly -------------
Functioning =---=--==-==-=-scomcmmocaa_o Accessories-———-~-—--=——-=mc—ccmemem
B.
THE BREN LIGHT MACHINEGUN
e oo e mmmmme General-------—=-=—mcmece Technical Datg ==~=---==--mrmemcamcecma e oo Operation------===-=cccmocmmmm
Disassembly and Assembly ~------------
Functioning -------=-=--------=--------m een eemmm Accessorieg---==-=ec
92
94
93
95
94
95
95
95
96
96
C. THE FRENCH 7, 5-MM MODEL 24/29 LIGHT MACHINEGUN
D.
General--------------sccmrcmm e
96
Technical Data ------------------------
97
Operation------=-===--cmmmmmee e m e
97
Disassembly and Assembly -------------
98
Functioning -------»--------c-ouocmoou
100
Accessories--------------somo—oeoooonn
103
THE GERMAN 7. 92- MM MG34 LIGHT MACHINEGUN
—— rmm —————— -cmcmm Genergl-----e
Technical Datg ~=-==-=====cccmeocauoanaOperation-----=-=-=-=-=c-coomcmcoooDisassembly and Assembly ----===-=-===-Functioning --------=----=----------—-Accessories----==------mcmcmmmeemcon
103 105
105 108 110
114
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Para
E.
Page
THE GERMAN 7, 92-MM MG42 LIGHT
MACHINEGUN General------r
o
e
e
e
116
Technical Data --------=--===--ccmme-—n
118
Operation-----------------------------
118
Disassembly and Assembly -------------
120
Functioning «-~--~=wmwrormwer e m oo e
123
Accessories---------------------------
125
F. THE CZECHOSLOVAK ZB37 HEAVY MACHINEGUN
m ——— mmm e Genergl-----c-mmec
125
Operation---------=----=---c-como--
127
Functioning =---====-==-==-c-eeocmuan mcmmcm AcCCessoTrieg--==—-==—=——-=me
133
oo Technical Data -~---=«--=-=cccmmcmmno
Disassembly and Assembly ---------~----
127
132 138
G. MAINTENANCE Care and Cleaning ----------------~----~
140
Malfunctions and Stoppages -------------
140
Section V.
AMMUNITION
General-----------------o-mmmm e
142
References---------=------me—oomme oo
142
LIST OF TABLES Table
1. Pistol Technical Data ----~-------------II. Pistol Malfunctions --------------------III. Submachinegun Technical Data -----------
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
LIST OF TABLES (Continued) Table IV,
Submachinegun Malfunctions -----------------
V. Rifle Technical Data ~-=--=-====cevovocemn—u
VI. Rifle Malfunctions ---------=----=------ou---
VII.
Machinegun Technical Data -----------~-~----
140
VIII,
Machinegun Malfunctions -----~--~-==mmmecmum-
141
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure
NeBW
9-mm P38 pistol -----------------r--o-—-
P-38 pistol section----=-----------r--momooan
7]
9-mm Browning Model 1935 pistol------------
9-mm Browning Model 1935 pistol (disassembled) early model-----------=----ce-m---o9-mm Browning Model 1935 pistol section -----
11
9-mm Model 1938 submachinegun (MP 38)-----
15
9-mm Model 1938 (bottom) and Model 1940 submachineguns (MP 38 and MP 40)---------
16
9-mm MP 40 submachinegun section-~---------
19
9-mm MAT Model 1949 submachinegun (maga-
zine housing folded) ~=---====--=memmemamoax
21
7.62-mm North Vietnamese modified MAT Model 1949 submachinegun-----------------
22
11,
9-mm MAT 49 submachinegun, disassembled -~
24
12,
9-mm Sten Mark 5 submachinegun------------
26
13.
9-mm Sten submachineguns ------------------
26
14,
9-mm Sten submachinegun Mark 28 (silenced)--
26
15,
9-mm Sten Mark 2 submachinegun disassem-
e
28
16.
Sten trigger mechanism ---------------------
30
17,
9-mm Egyptian ''Port Said" or Swedish M45b submachinegun ------------c-e-mmmmmm e e
32
18,
9-mm Madsen Model 1950 submachinegun -----
34
19,
9-mm Madsen Model 1950 submachinegun disassembled -----------ormmmmm oo
34
20,
9-mm Madsen Model 1946 submachinegun -----
36
bled---------m-c-cmrm
Xi
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Continued) Figure 21.
9-mm UZI submachinegun, woodstock model----
22. Israeli 9-mm UZI submachinegun (late model)
with folding metal stock in folded position ---23.
UZI submachinegun field stripped--------------
24.
UZI submachinegun section ------=-~-=ecemuu_-
25.
Typical Mauser rifles -------==rmomcccmmoonannan
26.
Mauser rifle section ==--===--cmmmmmmm
217.
French 7, 5-mm M1936 rifle------------=wwm--
28.
Lee Enfield rifles,
1. Nol1 MK 3
oo
2. No 4
MK i*¥ 3. No4 MK 1(T) 4. No5 MK 1 (jungle carbine) =---==----wm e
57
29,
FN-FAL rifle, early model-----~------ccnom--
63 63
30.
L1A1l rifle -==--=---------~--~-
31,
Canadian C2 automatic rifle --------=----------
e
64
32.
FN-FAL automatic rifle---------~----cnnoo---
65
33.
FN-FAL bolt functioning-----------~--vvvw-w--
69
34, FN-FAL functioning-------~------c-rrmomwua--
70
Early G3 rifle----------v-mecommrmcecmm e
72
35.
36.
Current G3 rifle--------------r-croemocmo oo
73
37.
G3 rifle disassembled ------------------muum-
75
38. G3 rifle bolt functioning -------~-~-se---c----~
71
39, G3 rifle section ~------------------c-onoo-
78
40,
ZB30 light machinegun -----------------------
83
41,
ZB26 light machinegun ----------~------u-o----
83
42,
ChiCom copy of VZ 26, field stripped------~--~
86
43,
ZB26,
ZB30 and Bren trigger mechanism ------
87
44,
ZB26, ZB30 and Bren bolt mechanism ------~---
87
45,
Mark 1 Bren light machinegun ----------------
90
46.
Mark 2 Bren light machinegun ----------------
91
47,
7.92-mm Mark 2 Bren light machinegun--------
92
48,
1.4 series Bren (7. 62-mm NATO)-------------~
93
49,
Nationalist Chinese Type 41 light machinegun---
94
French M24/29 52, M24/29 53. M24/29
Model 24/29 light machinegun---------disassembled -=-------=-=----mo-ooalight machinegun section -------------light machinegun trigger mechanism---~
102
MG34 light machinegun-----------------------
104
55. German machinegun ammunition belts----------
105
50,
51,
54,
xii
96 99
101
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (Continued) Figure
Page
56, MG34 barrel change-----~~-===-o=cmormmmeurax 57, MG34 bolt----~--=m-=e-mommmem o me e e
107 109
58,
MG34 section---------=-ccucumauocnnn e
111
59,
MG34 on AA tripod---------------------------
115
60. MG42 light machinegun (MG1A3)--------------61. MG42 barrel change -------------------------
117 119
62, MG42 disassembled -~----------------o-o-owoon
121
63. MG42 bolt----=-----c=-mmomemm s
122
64. MG42 bolt functioning ------------------------
123
65. MG42 trigger mechanism-=------===-r-w-c--w66, Czechoslovak ZB37 machinegun ~-----=-=---=-=~
124 126
67. British Besa tank machinegun-----------------
127
68. Loading the ZB37--~----~------rr-meocmeoomun
128
69. ZB37 on tripod ---------------------o--o-ooo70, ZB37 disassembled --------------------------
130 131
71, ZB37 section----=-==w---o--mmoem e e
134
72, ZB317 feed mechanism ------------------c-----
136
73. ZB37 trigger mechanism --------------------74. ZB317 on AA mounting --------------s----eaen-
137 139
75, Cartridge identification-----==-==wmr-cewm-u---
143
xiii
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
Section I.
A. 1.
PISTOLS
THE 9-MM PISTOLE 38 (P38)
General
The P-38 pistol (fig 1) was the standard sidearm of the German Army during World War II,
and large numbers of these
pistols were captured by the Soviet Union,
These weapons
were used by several para-military units and have been dis-
tributed to many Communist irregular units.
The P-38, cur-
rently produced in West Germany, is known as the P1,
The
Pistole 38, an 8-shot semiautomatic, short-recoil-operated weapon that is fed from a box magazine, has an unusual
double-action trigger mechanism.
In addition to conventional
functioning, this type of trigger mechanism allows the hammer to be cocked and released by a single long pull on its trigger.
The P-38 fires the 9 x 19-mm pistol cartridge (sec
VI).
SAFETY LEVER.
TAKE DOWN LEVER' SLIDE STOP
- MAGAZINE CATCH' Figure 1.
9-mm P-38 pistol.
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
2.
Technical Data
Technical data concerning the Pistole 38 are given in table I. 3.
Operation
a.
Load the magazine by placing a cartridge on the mag-
azine follower just forward of the feed lips; press the cartridge down and slide it to the rear, under the feed lips, until it seats
against the rear wall of the magazine,
Repeat this action until
the magazine is full.
b.
Insert the magazine into the pistol until the magazine
catch (fig 1) snaps into place. c. ward,
Grasp the slide by its serrations and pull it fully rearRelease the slide and it will run forward and load the
first cartridge.
CAUTION:
The pistol is now ready to fire.
A
small pin (fig 2) protrudes from the slide, above the hammer, to indicate that the pistol has a cartridge in its chamber. d.
If desired,
set the pistol on safe by rotating the safety
lever (fig 1) downward as far as possible. cocked, it will snap forward,
e.
If the hammer is
but the pistol will not fire.
To fire the weapon, rotate the safety upwards until its
lever is horizontal.
The hammer can be manually cocked by
pressing it rearward by thumb pressure or, when the pistol is
aimed the trigger can be pressed through its full travel. ( The first method is preferred because of the greater accuracy of fire.)
Using a conventional sight picture, aim and press the
trigger for each shot.
The slide will remain open when the
last round is fired. f.
Remove the magazine by pressing the magazine catch
(fig 1) rearward, away from the magazine, and withdrawing the magazine,
If open,
the slide can be closed either by pull-
ing it slightly rearward and releasing it, or by pressing the
slide stop (fig 1) downward.
g.
To clear the pistol, set it on safe {d above), remove
the magazine, and retract the slide.
Press the slide stop up-
ward and release the slide; it will be held open.
Inspect to
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FSTC-CW-07-1-69
insure that no cartridges are present.
Press down the slide
stop and insert the magazine,
4.
Disassembly and Assembly
To disassemble the P-38 for cleaning,
and to reassemble it,
the following steps must be taken:
a. zine,
Clear the weapon (par 3g), but do not insert the magaLeave the safety lever set on safe.
Retract the slide,
and lock it to the rear with the slide stop (par 3g).
takedown lever (fig 1) downward.
Rotate the
Pull the slide slightly rear-
ward (to release the slide stop); then ease it forward.
The
hammer will fall as the slide aligns with the receiver; continue to move the slide forward until both it and the barrel come free of the receiver,
b.
Invert the slide and barrel.
Press in on the unlocking
plunger (fig 2) to unlock the barrel from the slide, and push the barrel forward, out of the slide. c.
No further disassembly is necessary or desirable,
d.
To reassemble the P-38,
insert the barrel into the in-
verted slide; when the barrel is seated against the slide face,
press the lock (fig 2) down. e.
Be sure that the hammer is uncocked,
is pushed forward into the magazine well,
that the ejector
and that the take-
down lever is rotated fully forward.
f.
Turn the slide so that the “sights are up, and join the
slide to the receiver.
Pull the slide fully rearward and hold
it there with the slide stop. its normal position.
Rotate the takedown lever back to
Release the slide and insert the maga-
zine,
5.
Functioning
a.
The P-38 is recoil operated,
The barrel and slide are
locked together at the instant of firing; the rearward movement of the barrel (as the result of recdil) unlocks the slide from
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
the barrel and imparts to the slide sufficient inertia to drive it fully rearward against the driving springs. These springs provide the thrust to drive the slide forward and to reload the
barrel with another cartridge. b.
If the hammer is in its forward position, finger pres-
sure on the trigger moves the trigger bar (fig 2-14) forward. A hook on the upper rear end of the trigger bar engages the
sear (fig 2-15), and as the trigger bar continues forward, the sear rotates upward.
The pawl (fig 2-12) on the hammer is
lifted by the sear and causes the hammer to rock back.
The
sear eventually moves far enough forward to release the pawl; as soon as this happens, the hammer, under the force of its
spring (fig 2-8), swings forward and strikes the firing pin to fire the pistol.
As the slide recoils, it depresses the trigger
bar, which then disengages from the sear.
The sear spring
immediately returns the sear to its original position. c.
As the slide recoils, it rocks the hammer back,
A
projection on the bottom of the hammer contacts the sear and
lifts it up.
When the slide counterrecoils and releases the
hammer, the projection on the bottom of the hammer is caught
by a notch in the bottom of the spring loaded sear (fig 2-15), and the hammer is held cocked.
d.
Pressure on the trigger moves the trigger bar (fig 2-
14) forward, and a hook on the end of the trigger bar pulls the sear out of engagement with the hammer.,
The hammer swings
forward and strikes the firing pin (fig 2), to fire the cartridge. The recoiling slide depresses the trigger bar out of engagement with the sear,
e.
and the action described in c above starts again.
The barrel is locked to the slide by the lock (fig 2), and
together they recoil on the receiver when the pistol fires.
As
the lock moves rearward, off a shelf in the receiver, the un-
locking plunger (fig 2) hits the receiver and stops.
The lock
moves rearward onto the now stationary unlocking plunger and is cammed down out of engagement with the slide,
f.
Because of its inertia the slide continues rearward and
compresses the dual driving springs.
The extractor pulls the fired cartridge from the barrel and holds it to the slide until
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
the case strikes the ejector and is expelled.
The driving
springs force the slide forward and a new cartridge is loaded into the chamber,
g.
The barrel is held rearward by the lock, which in turn When the locking re-
is held down by ribs inside the slide.
cesses in the slide align with the lock, the barrel is driven forward by the slide and a cam surface lifts the lock, which
locks the barrel and slide together. h.
When the safety lever is rotated to the safe position, a
cam surface depresses the trip (fig 2-18).
The trip forces the
sear out of contact with the hammer, and the hammer falls. As it rotates, the safety also interposes a solid block in the path of the firing pin.
i.
This prevents the pistol from firing,
A ledge on the magazine follower pushes the slide stop
upward when the last round is fed from the magazine.
The
stop then automatically holds the slide open. 6.
Accessories
A leather holster with a pocket for an extra magazine, a cleaning rod, and a lanyard are usually used in conjunction with the Pistol 38.
B. THE 9-MM BROWNING MODEL 1935
HIGH POWER PISTOL (BROWNING HP) 7.
General
The Browning Model 1935 pistol (fig 3), one of the most widely distributed handguns ever made, is manufactured in Belgium and in Indonesia, and was made in Canada in the 1940's,
This
model is a standard sidearm for many countries and has been
widely distributed through commercial sales.
A large number
of variations of this pistol are available; the most common are
discussed below:
a.
Early (pre-World War II) pistols have long range tan-
gent leaf sights (fig 4).
In some of these a dovetail slot in the
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
Figure 4.
9-mm Browning Model 1935 pistol, (disassembled) early model.
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
rear of the pistol butt is provided for attachment of a holster-
stock.
These guns usually bear the Belgian ''Fabrique
Nationale de Armes de Guerre'' marking.
Some weapons,
similar to this model but with a grey-black parkerized (instead
of a blued) finish, were produced in Canada. These are marked ""Ingles Canada' and also may carry Chinese characters.
b.
The most common model {fig 3) has sights similar to
those on the US pistol M1911A1,
c.
Late production (post 1964) pistols have an extractor
mounted in a slot that is visible from the right side of the pistol.
Early pistols have their extractor housed in a hole in
the slide; the extractor cannot be seen when the slide is closed, d. No,
British service models are marked Pistol No,
1 Mk 1%, No. e.
2 Mk 1, No.
2 Mk 1%,
1 Mk 1,
etc.
The World War II German Army used large numbers
of captured Model 1935 pistols,
These guns can be identified
by the '"Waffenamt'' mark, a small, stylized eagle with outspread wings over a number.
The official German designation
P35 (b) may or may not be stamped into the left side of the slide.
f.
These pistols are extensively used by irregular
groups, and the Chinese Communists have furnished numbers
of captured Chinese Nationalist Browning M35's to other nations.
tridge, 8.
The Browning M1935 fires the 9 x 19-mm pistol car-
(sec VI).
Technical Data
Technical data concerning the Browning M1935 (HP) pistol are given in table I,
9.
Operation
a.
Load the magazine as described in paragraph 3a.
will hold 14 cartridges.
It
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
b.
Insert the loaded magazine into the pistol until the
magazine catch snaps into place.
Tap the base of the maga-
zine with the palm to insure it is seated and locked in place, c.
Grasp the slide by its serrations, and pull it fully
rearward.
Release the slide; it will run forward and load the
first cartridge.
d.
CAUTION:
If desired,
The pistol is now ready to fire.
set the pistol on safe by pressing the safety
(fig 3) fully upward; alternatively, the hammer can be lowered
to the half cock/safe position. the hammer rearward and,
Do this by carefully thumbing
after pressing the trigger, easing
the hammer slightly forward.
Release the trigger and allow
the hammer to come to rest at half cock.
e.
To fire, press the safety downward or bring the ham-
mer back to full cock.
Using a conventional sight picture,
aim and press the trigger for each shot.
The slide will re-
main open when the last round is fired.
f.
(fig 3).
Remove the magazine by pressing the magazine catch
The magazine normally will eject, but, if necessary,
pull it out of the pistol, The slide, if open, can be closed by pulling it slightly rearward, or the slide stop (fig 3) can be pressed downward.
g.
To clear the pistol, remove the magazine and retract
the slide,
Press the rear of the slide stop up, and ease the
slide forward; it will be held open. sure that no cartridges are present,
Inspect the pistol to inPress the slide stop
down to release the slide; insert the magazine, and press the
trigger.
Note:
Most Browning M35's have a magazine safety
to prevent the hammer from falling unless the magazine is inserted.
10.
Disassembly and Assembly
a.
To disassemble the Model 1935 for cleaning:
(1) Clear the weapon (para 9g), but do not insert the magazine,
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
(2) Retract the slide until the safety can be pressed up into the dismounting notch (fig 4). stop up,
Press the rear of the slide
and then press in on the right end of the slide stop
pin to start the slide stop out of the receiver.
Pull the slide
stop fully out,
(3) Hold the slide, and press the safety down. the slide forward,
Ease
and pull it from the receiver.
(4) Grasp the driving spring guide (fig 4) and pull it forward (out of its seat in the barrel); then ease the guide and spring up and out of the slide.
(5) Pull the rear end of the barrel out of the slide; then pull the barrel rearward until it is free.
(6) No further disassembly is necessary or desirable. b.
To reassemble the Model 1935:
(1) Insert the muzzle end of the barrel into the slide; press the rear end of the barrel into the slide and move the
barrel rearward until its locking ribs snap into place in the slide,
Insert the free end of the driving spring into its tunnel
in the front of the slide; then mate the driving spring guide to the barrel.
Note:
The hole in the guide must be positioned
so that it is toward the barrel;
refer to figure 4 for correct
positioning,
(2) Start the slide onto the rails of the receiver (from the front) and pull the slide rearward until the safety can be pressed into the dismounting notch.
Insert the slide stop pin
(from left to right) into its hole and fully seat it.
Disengage
the safety from the slide and insert the magazine.
Pull the
trigger.
11,
Functioning
a.
The Browning Model 35 is recoil operated.
(Refer to
para 5a, p 4.) b.
When the hammer is cocked and the trigger ispressed,
the trigger pivots on its pin.
The tripping lever (fig 5-15)
16
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
rises and contacts the connector (fig 5). The connector then rotates on its pin, and its rear end causes the sear (fig 5-8) to turn and release the hammer.
The hammer swings forward,
strikes the firing pin, and fires a shot.
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L TRIGGER MECHANISM
0 141« Spring, link
{ » Bush, slide, front 2.
3,
4o
Barrel
Bush, slide, rear (alternative
method of manufacture)
14.
Butt
Catch, magazine
Plunger, lever, tripping
Lever, tripping
Spring, pin, firing
17.
Body
Sear Spring, sear
19. 20.
Spring, lever, locking Spring, main
7«
Hammer
40.
13,
15
Pins, firing
8. 9.
12.
Slide
5.
6.
QIO
16,
18,
Trigger
Guide, spring, main
Link. hammer
Figure 5.
9-mm Browning Model 1935 pistol (section).
11
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
c.
The barrel and slide, locked together, recoil as a unit
to compress the driving spring and rock the hammer back. The cam cut in the lug on the barrel mates with a cross pin in the receiver; this pulls the barrel ribs down, out of engage~ ment with the slide.
The inertia of the slide continues moving
it to the rear and compresses the driving spring. d.
The extractor pulls the fired cartridge case from the
chamber and holds it to the slide. ejector and is expelled.
slide forward.
The case strikes the fixed
The driving spring then forces the
As the slide moves forward, the feed rib
drives a cartridge out of the magazine and into the barrel.
The
slide strikes the rear end of the barrel; the barrel is forced forward; and the cross pin cams the rear of the barrel up into the locked position,
e,
At the start of slide recoil, the connector, which is
attached to the slide,
moves rearward, off the tripping lever
and sear.
under pressure of its spring,
The sear,
snaps
against the hammer and holds the hammer cocked when the
slide counterrecoils,
f.
During the final counterrecoil travel of the slide, the
connector strikes the still raised tripping lever and swings it
forward.
As the trigger is released, the tripping lever moves
downward and,
as it clears the connector, it moves rearward
under the connector.
Pressure on the trigger will now fire
another shot,
g.
A lug on the safety, when on safe, blocks movement of
the sear,
This prevents the pistol from firing.
The magazine
safety (fig 5-14) is a spring-loaded plunger in the trigger, When the magazine is removed, this plunger moves slightly rearward; the plunger contacts the tripping lever and causes it
to rotate forward from under the connector.
This breaks the
linkage between the trigger and sear and the pistol cannot be fired.
Inserting the magazine forces the plunger in and ro-
tates the tripping lever back to its operating position.
h.
The magazine follower comes into contact with the
slide stop when the last cariridge is fed from the magazine.
The pressure of the magazine spring (working through the
12
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
follower) forces the slide stop up where it can engage the slide and hold it open.
12.
Accessories
A holster, a spare magazine, are used
a cleaning rod, and a lanyard
in conjunction with the Browning M35 pistol.
These
accessories vary widely in design and material.
C.
13,
MAINTENANCE
Care and Cleaning
The procedures and materials prescribed for cleaning standard US Army pistols also apply to foreign pistols.
These
weapons should be disassembled only to the extent necessary
for adequate cleaning to prevent breakage and subsequent loss of use.
No repairs should be attempted on foreign pistols ex-
cept for replacement of parts, which should be done only by a competent armorer.
14.
Malfunctions and Stoppages
Most malfunctions and stoppages are caused by defective magazines or ammunition,
Malfunctions caused by broken or
worn parts can be corrected by replacing the defective part with a serviceable one.
This should be done only by a com-
petent armorer, and the repaired weapon must then be func-
tion test fired.
Table II lists common problems and their
remedies.
13
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
Table 1.
Pistol Technical Data
Weapon
Pistole 38
Browning Model 1935
Caliber (mm)
9 x19
9 x 19
Iength (in)
8.6
8
Welght, empty (1b)
2.1
1.9
Barrel length (in)
k.9
b.75
Magazine capacity (rds) | 8
13
Operation
Recoil
Recoil
Flre~type
Semiautomatic
Semiautomatic
Muzzle velocity (m/sec)
340
350
Practical range (m)
50
50
Rate of fire (rpm)
35
Lo
Table ll. Condition
| Fails to fire (cartridge in chamber ) Fails to fire
Pistol Malfunctions Cause
Remedy
Defective cartridge | Reload
Defective magazine
Replace magazine
Fouled weapon
Clean and lubricate
{no cartridge in chamber) Fails to extract or eject
14
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
Section II.
A.
SUBMACHINEGUNS
THE 9-MM SUBMACHINEGUN MODELS 1938 AND 1940
(MP 38 AND MP 40) 15.
General
a. The 9-mm submachineguns Models 1938 and 1940 (fig 6 and 7) were produced in large quantities by Nazi Germany prior to and during World War II,
These guns are no longer
standard in any army, but they are often encountered in the hands of irregular or insurgent units.
The two weapons are
almost identical in appearance; the prime recognition feature is the ribbed MP 38 receiver as opposed to the smooth MP 40
. MAGAZINE CATCH
Figure 6.
receiver,
9-mm Model 1938 submachinegun (MP 38).
Both weapons have identity marks and serial num-
bers stamped into the cap at the rear of the receiver.
The
MP 41, a similar but now uncommon model, has a fixed wooden buttstock.
b.
The MP 38 and 40, blowback-operated, fully-
automatic, box-magazine-fed weapons, are each equipped with a folding metal shoulder stock,
Thirty-two-round box maga-
zines are used for feeding, and the MP 38 and MP 40 fire only
the 9 x 19-mm pistol cartridge (sec V).
15
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
SMOOTH RECEIVER (MP 40)
DRIVING SPRING TUBE®
FIRING PIN RIBBED RECEIVER (MP 38)
Figure 7.
16.
9-mm Model 1938 (bottom) and Model 1940 (MP 38 and MP 40).
Technical Data
Technical data concerning the MP 38 and MP 40 submachineguns are given in table III, 17.
Operation
a.
Load the magazine with 32 cartridges.,
Place a car-
tridge on the follower with the cartridge base just ahead of the feedlips:
press the cartridge down, against the force of the
follower spring, and slide it rearward under the feed lips. After several cartridges have been loaded and the magazine spring has been compressed, loading additional cartridges is
difficult.
A magazine filler was made for these guns, but it
is unlikely any will be available now.
A 1/4-inch-wide-blade
screwdriver can be used as an aid in loading.
After each
round is inserted into the magazine, place the edge of the
screwdriver into the groove of the cartridge and press down.
This will depress the follower and cartridges sufficiently to allow a fresh cartridge to be inserted under the feed lips without having to overcome the force of the magazine spring.
16
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
b.
Insert the magazine into the magazine housing until the
magazine catch (fig 6) engages and holds the magazine in place,
c.
If the MP 38 or MP 40 is equipped with a safety latch
on the operating handle (fig 6), move it outward as far as possible,
Pull the operating handle fully rearward; then ease it
forward until the bolt is caught by the sear.
CAUTION:
The
gun is now ready to fire, d.
If desired, the gun can be made safe by pulling the
operating handle to the rear until it can be rotated up into the
safety cut (fig 6). e.
The folding stock can be opened or folded by pressing
the large, knurled, stock release at the left rear of the re-
ceiver (fig 6) and moving the stock to the desired position.The butt plate can be rotated into position, f.
To fire the weapon, first take it off safe by pulling the
operating handle rearward and downward out of the safety cut; then ease the handle forward until the bolt is caught by the
sear.
Flip up the appropriate rear sight leaf, and using a
conventional pistol-type-sight picture, aim and press the trigger.,
The gun will fire until the trigger is released or the
magazine is empty.
5 short bursts.
Best results are obtained with from 3 to
The bolt will remain closed when the last
round is fired.
g.
Remove the magazine by pressing the magazine catch
(fig 6) and pulling the magazine out of its housing. h.
If the gun is to be carried with a loaded magazine in
place, remove the magazine (g above), press the trigger, and ease the bolt forward.
Slide the safety latch (if present) in-
ward, into engagement with the receiver,
Reinsert the loaded
magazine. i.
To clear the MP 38 or MP 40, remove the magazine
(g above), retract the bolt and insure that no cartridges are present, press the trigger, and ease the bolt home.
the safety latch (if present) and insert the magazine,
17
Engage
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
18,
Disassembly and Assembly
a.
To disassemble either the MP 38 or MP 40 for clean-
ing, clear the weapon (para 17i), but do not insert the magazine or engage the safety latch. b.
Unfold the stock (para 17e).
Pull out the lock located at the front end of the frame
(fig 7) and twist it to keep it locked out.
Hold the magazine
housing firmly, press the trigger, and rotate the frame (by
means of the pistol grip) to the right.
The frame will disen-
gage from the receiver; ease the frame rearward and remove
it,
c.
Pull the operating handle about 3 inches rearward and
remove the telescoping driving spring tube and firing pin (fig 7).
Draw the operating handle to the rear to remove the bolt. d.
No further disassembly is necessary or desirable,
e.
To reassemble the gun, insert the driving spring tube
and firing pin into the bolt,
line up the operating handle with
its cut in the left side of the receiver, bolt and driving spring tube.
(Note:
and insert the complete
Mate the frame to the receiver.
The pistol grip should be turned about 80° to the right
of the magazine housing to insure that the front of the frame
is engaged with the rear of the magazine housing.)
Pull the
trigger; turn the frame into line with the magazine housing;
and release the trigger.
Twist the lock so that it can re-seat,
and if necessary, twist the receiver slightly to seat the lock, f.
Fold the stock, insert the magazine, and if there is a
safety latch, apply it. 19.
Functioning
a.
The MP 38 and MP 40 are blowback-operated and have
no positive locking between the bolt and receiver.
The weight
and inertia of the boli hold the fired cartridge case in place until the bullet leaves the muzzle and propellant gas pressure
subsides.
The rearward thrust of the fired cartridge, how-
ever, is sufficient to overcome the weight and inertia and to force the bolt rearward against its driving spring.
18
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FSTC-CW-07-1-69
b.
When a loaded magazine is in place and the bolt is
cocked, pressure on the trigger, which is transmitted through the trigger bar, rotates the sear out of engagement with the
bolt (fig 8).
The compressed driving spring drives the bolt
forward; the feed rib on the bolt drives the top cartridge from the magazine into the barrel.
As the bolt continues forward,
the extractor snaps over the rim of the cartridge,
and the fir-
ing pin, driven by its inertia and the force of the driving spring,
strikes the primer and fires the cartridge.
Acting
like a piston, the fired cartridge drives the bolt rearward and compresses the driving spring.
The extractor holds the car-
tridge case in place in the bolt face until the case strikes the
fixed ejector (fig 8) in the rear of the magazine housing., the case is expelled through the ejection port.
Then
This cycle con-
tinues until the trigger is released or the magazine is emptied, c. ward,
When the trigger is released, its spring moves it forand this action in turn, moves the trigger bar forward
to rotate the sear up to a point where the bolt can be engaged,
and thus the firing can be stopped (fig 8). d.
When moved inward the safety latch mates with a cut
in the operating handle slot and mechanically locks the bolt forward.
This action prevents accidental firing if the gun is
dropped on its butt, because without the safety latch the heavy
bolt would move rearward sufficiently to strip a round from the magazine and fire it on the return stroke. 20.
Accessories
A sling,
spare magazines,
a magazine carrier,
and a clean-
ing rod usually are available as accessories,
B.
THE 9-MM SUBMACHINE GUN MAT
MODELE 1949 (MAT-49) 21.
General
a.
The French 9-mm MAT Model 1949 submachinegun
(fig 9) is standard in the French army and in many of the armies of former French colonies.
20
In addition, these guns
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
OPERATING HANDLE MAGAZINE CATCH
’
HOUSING RELEASE-
STOCK LATCH
GRIP SAFETY.
Figure 9.
9-mm MAT Model 1949 submachinegun
(magazine housing folded). are used by the Viet Cong and other guerrilla forces in Asia and Africa.
The North Vietnamese have converted some
MAT 49's to fire the 7.62 x 25-mm ChiCom pistol cartridge. b.
The MAT 49, which has a folding magazine housing
and a prominent grip safety, is readily recognized by its rec-
tangular receiver and perforated, cylindrical, barrel jacket, The Vietnamese conversion has a longer barrel than the
French model does; this is a prime recognition feature of this
particular gun (fig 10).
The MAT 49 has a sliding wire stock
and a dust cover over its ejection port.
c.
The MAT 49 fires 9 x 19-mm ammunition; the Vietna-
mese conversion fires 7,62 x 25-mm ammunition (see sec V).
21
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
Figure 10.
22,
7.62-mm North Vietnamese modified MAT Model 1949 submachinegun.
Technical Data
Technical data concerning the MAT 49 submachinegun are given in table III, 23.
Operation
a.
Load the magazine in the same manner as that for the
MP 38 or MP 40 (para 3a, p 2). b.
If the magazine housing is folded forward, press the
housing catch (fig 9) and swing the magazine housing down until it is vertical and the release located on the underside of the
trigger housing (fig 9) engages the magazine housing.
Insert
the loaded magazine into the housing until it is caught by the magazine catch.
Depress the grip safety and pull the operat-
ing handle (fig 9) to the rear; then push the handle back to its forward position. c.
CAUTION:
The gun is now ready to fire.
If the ejection port cover is open, swing it forward to The cover will open auto-
close the port and to keep dirt out.
matically when the bolt moves forward upon firing. d.
There is no manual safety as such on this weapon, but
the magazine and its housing can be swung forward under the
22
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
barrel.
This action, which is the only manual safety feature,
also makes the gun more compact.
Press the release under
the trigger housing and swing the housing and magazine for-
ward until the housing catch locks to the bracket under the barrel jacket.
The magazine and housing must be swung into
position before firing (para b above). e.
Press the stock latch (fig 9) and slide the stock to
either the opened or closed position, whichever is desired.
f. Set the rear sight for the desired range (100 or 200 meters) by flipping it forward or rearward, Using a normal sight picture,
trigger.
aim, depress the grip safety,
and squeeze the
The gun will fire as long as the trigger is pressed
and ammunition is present.
The bolt will remain closed when
the last round is fired, g.
Remove the magazine by depressing the magazine
catch (fig 9) and pulling the magazine straight out of the magazine housing. h.,
To clear the MAT
49,
remove the magazine and swing
the magazine housing forward (see paras d and g above). press the grip safety and retract the operating handle.,
De-
Look
into the ejection port and insure that no cartridges are pres-
ent,
Hold the operating handle, depress the grip, and press
the trigger; then ease the bolt forward.
Close the ejection
port cover and insert the magazine into the magazine housing. 24,
Disassembly and Assembly
a.
To disassemble the weapon, clear the submachinegun
(para 21h) and release the magazine housing from the barrel
jacket (para 21b), but do not latch it to the receiver.
Press
in the knurled take-down button under the rear end of the bar-
rel jacket.
Swing the barrel and receiver assembly upward,
off the trigger frame,
The bolt and driving spring can be re-
moved through the rear of the receiver,
No further disassem-
bly is required or desirable, b.
To reassemble the gun, insert the bolt and driving
spring into the receiver.
Insert the rear of the receiver into
23
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
DRIVING SPRING®
BOLT
RECEIVER
TRIGGER FRAME
Figure 11.
9-mm MAT 49 submachinegun, disassembled.
the cap at the rear end of the trigger frame, lower the front end of the receiver,
and push it rearward into the frame until
the frame and receiver lock together, 25.
Functioning
a.
The MAT 49 is blowback operated (para 19a).
b.
When a loaded magazine is in place and the bolt is
cocked, pressure on the trigger moves the sear out of engagement with the bolt.
The compressed driving spring drives the
bolt forward; the feed rib on the bottom of the bolt drives the top cartridge from the magazine and into the barrel.
As the
bolt continues forward, the extractor snaps over the rim of
the cartridge, the firing pin (machined into the bolt face) strikes the primer, and the cartridge fires, c.
The fired cartridge drives the bolt rearward and com-
presses the driving spring.
The extractor holds the cartridge
case to the bolt until the case strikes the ejector; the case is
24
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
then expelled out the ejection port.
The firing cycle continues
until the trigger is released or the magazine is emptied. d.
The grip safety performs two functions:
It locks the
trigger, and if the bolt is forward, it also locks the bolt forward.
When the grip safety is depressed, it pivots around its
pin and a small lug behind the trigger swings up to release the trigger.
At the same time, a linkage attached to the left top
of the grip safety depresses a lock located to the left of the sear; this lock must be depressed to allow the bolt to move rearward,
This mechanism prevents accidental firing if the
gun is dropped on its butt when a loaded magazine is in place; otherwise, because of inertia, the heavy bolt could move to the rear,
strip a cartridge from the magazine,
and fire the
weapon,
e.
The front end of the Li-shaped trigger is attached to
the sear.
When the trigger is pressed, it pivots around its
pin and depresses the rear end of the sear.
When the trigger
is released, the sear spring returns all parts to their normal positions; this allows the sear to intercept the bolt and stop
the firing cycle. 26.
Accessories
A web sling, spare magazines, a magazine carrier, and a cleaning rod are usually available as accessories,
C. 27,
THE 9-MM STEN SUBMACHINEGUN
General
a.
The 9-mm Sten submachinegun (fig 12) was developed
in England early in World War II and was manufactured in
enormous quantities,
This model was the first simple, cheap
submachinegun and was constructed mainly from steel tubing and stampings,
A number of different models have been made
(fig 13), however, all are operated and function in the same manner,
The Mark 2 and Mark 5 versions are the most com-
mon, and even these will be found with butts and barrels from
other models.,
A silenced version, the Mark 2S (fig 14), was
also used, 25
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
DRIVING SPRING CAP
Figure 12.
OPERATING HANDLE
9-mm Sten Mark 5 submachinegun.
FLASH
TUBULAR
BARREL
REMOVABLE TUBULAR BUTT
BARREL NUT
HOUSING
BUTT STOCK {DETACHABLEY
EUMINATOR
TRIGGER
TUBULAR § . FOLDING FRONT GRIF
MECHANISM
HOUSING
SPRING REFAINING
cOCkING
CAP
HANDLE
%
= =
SHORT PERFORATED BARREL JACKET
A MAGAZINE
WK 1 (SAME AS MK IIf
i
>
32-ROUND
]
BARREL
EXCEPT FOR BARREL DETAILS)
FRONT
WOODEN
SIGHT
BARREL
JACKET
GRIP
MKV
Figure 13.
9-mm Sten submachineguns.
SILENCER MAGAZINE HOUSING LOCK , MAGAZINE CATCH
CANV HAND AS GUARD
Figure 14.
9-mm Sten submachinegun Mark 2S5 (silenced).
26
F3TC-CW-07-1-69
b.
The Stens, which were freely distributed to under-
ground groups during World War II,
are still used by clandes-
tine and irregular or guerrilla organizations.,
The light weight
and compactness of the Sten make it ideal for such use.
¢.
The Stens are blowback-operated, selective-fire, box-
magazine-fed,
shoulder weapons.
The box magazine normally
holds 32 rounds of 9 x 19-mm ammunition (sec VI); however, the longer 50-round magazine used in the obsolete Lanchestire machine carbine also can be used in the Sten, 28,
Technical Data
Technical data concerning the Sten submachineguns are given in table III, 29.
Operation a.
Load the magazine in the same way as the MP 30 or 40
magazine (para 17a).
b.
If the magazine housing is in the vertical (storage)
position, rotate it to the left until the horizontal position is reached and the housing lock seats in place,
c.
Insert the magazine into the magazine housing until the
magazine catch snaps into place.
Pull the operating handle
(fig 12) to the rear, and ease it forward until the bolt is caught by the sear. (Note: On some Stens with modified operating handles, the handle must be pulled outward before it can be
pulled rearward,) d.
CAUTION:
The Sten is now ready to fire,
If the submachinegun is not to be immediately fired,
put it on safe by drawing the operating handle rearward and then turning it up into the L-shaped safety notch. e.
To fire the gun,
select the desired fire mode by press-
ing the selector (fig 12) in to the left for automatic fire or to the right for semiautomatic fire.
If the gun is on safe, pull
the operating handle to the rear, turn it down, and ease itforward until the sear catches the bolt.
21
Using a normal sight
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
picture, aim and press the trigger.
The bolt will stay closed
when the last round is fired, f.
Remove the magazine by pressing the magazine catch
(fig 14) and withdrawing the magazine from the magazine housing.,
For storage, pull out the magazine housing lock on
the front of the magazine housing and rotate the housing to a vertical position,
g.
To clear the gun, remove the magazine (f above) and
pull the bolt to the rear.
Look into the ejection port to insure
that no cartridges are present, hold the operating handle, then press the trigger and ease the bolt forward.
Press in the op-
erating handle to lock the bolt forward, if the weapon has the modified operating handle, 30.
Disassembly and Assembly
a.
Clear the submachinegun (para 27g), but do not press
in the operating handle.
Press in the driving spring cap in
the rear of the receiver; then slide the butt down and off.
(Note:
Some butts may be a very tight fit.)
Press the cap in
again and rotate it clockwise as far as possible; ease the cap
rearward and remove it with the insert and spring. MAGAZINE HOUSING HANDLE
RN YYYYYIRT, DRIVING SPRING
plraTM e
BOLT
BARREL NUT
GRIP (NOT USUALLY FOUND ON MK 2)
Figure 15.
9-mm Sten Mark 2 submachinegun disassembled.
28
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
b.
Pull the operating handle rearward until it is at the
safety cut; turn the handle slightly upward and pull it out of the bolt.
Tilt the muzzle up, pull the trigger, and the bolt will
slide out of the receiver.
No further disassembly of the
Mark 1 or Mark 3 submachinegun is necessary or desirable.
c.
If the gun is a Mark 2,
2S, or 5 model, unscrew the
barrel nut (fig 12) (or the silencer on 28) and pull the barrel out to the front.
The magazine housing should be vertical
before this can be done, d.
To reassemble the weapon, insert the barrel and the
barrel nut (or silencer) into the receiver; insure that the Mark 5 barrel aligns with the receiver keyway.
Hand tighten
the barrel nut, and turn the magazine housing to the horizon-
tal. e,
Insert the bolt into the receiver, with the extractor
aligned with the operating slot.
Pull the trigger and push the
bolt forward until the hole for the operating handle is at the safety cut.
Insert the operating handle, turn it down,
pull
the trigger, and push the bolt forward. f.
Slide the driving spring over the rear of the bolt and
place the cap and its insert over the exposed end of the spring. Align the lugs of the cap with the slots in the receiver, press the cap and insert in as far as possible, and rotate the cap
clockwise to lock it. g.
Place the butt in place, using the loop on the butt to
depress the cap.
Slide the butt upward until its hook seats
into the receiver and the insert snaps into place.
31.
Functioning
a.
The Sten submachineguns are blowback operated (para
19a). b.
When a loaded magazine is in place and the gun is
cocked and set for automatic fire (fig 16a), pressure on the
trigger (fig 16-4) moves the trigger bar (fig 16-3) forward.
A
notch in the trigger bar mates with the lower end of the Li-shaped
29
FSTC-CW-07-1-89
Fo— A - AUTOMATIC FIRE
B - SEMIAUTOMATIC FIRE
1 - SEAR
4 - TRIGGER
2 - SELECTOR
5 - TRIGGER SPRING
3 - TRIGGER BAR
6 - TRIGGER SPRING CONNECTOR 7 - BOLT
Figure 16.
Sten trigger mechanism.
sear (fig 16-1), and as the trigger bar moves forward, it will cause the sear to rotate about its pin and release the bolt.
The
driving spring drives the bolt forward to strip a round from the magazine and to drive it into the chamber.
The fixed firing pin
strikes the primer and fires the cartridge when it is fully : chambered.
c.
The fired cartridge, acting like a piston, drives the
bolt back and compresses the driving spring.
The extractor
holds the cartridge case in place in the bolt face until the case
strikes the fixed ejector in the left wall of the receiver.
case is expelled through the ejection port. 30
The
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
d.
When the trigger is released, the trigger spring (fig
16-5) returns the trigger forward, and as thetriggerbar moves to the rear, the front end of the trigger spring moves the sear
to where it can intercept the bolt and stop the firing.
e. When the weapon's selector is set at semiautomatic (fig 16b), the trigger bar is moved from its normal off-side location in the receiver to a central position,
When the trigger
is pressed, the trigger action is as described in paragraph b above; however, a cam on the bottom rear of the bolt acts on
an extension of the trigger bar and forces the trigger bar out of engagement with the sear,
The sear then returns to its nor-
mal position and intercepts the bolt so that only one shot is
fired.
The trigger must be released to allow the trigger bar
to move rearward and re-engage the sear prior to firing another shot, 32.
Accessories
A simple canvas sling, spare magazines, a magazine filler, and a cleaning rod are usually available for use with Sten guns.
D. 33.
THE EGYPTIAN 9-MM "PORT SAID" SUBMACHINEGUN General
a. The Egyptian- manufactured 9-mm ''Port Said" submachinegun is a direct copy of the Swedish 9-mm M45b ''Carl Gustav'' submachinegun. Figure 17 actually depicts the M45b, the Swedish gun that is a development of the British Sten Mark 2
submachinegun (sec C). b.
These Egyptian and Swedish guns can be identified only
by the markings stamped into the receivers.
Both guns have
been found in use by terrorist and guerrilla organizations,
c.
The '"Port Said" or M45b is a blowback operated, fully
automatic, box-magazine-fed weapon equipped with a folding
metal shoulder stock.
Both the ""Port Said" and the M45b fire
the 9 x 19-mm cartridge (sec VI).
31
FSTC-CS-07-1-69
SAFETY NOTCH pep ATING HANDLE BARREL NUT
MAGAZINE HOUSING -
MAGAZINE CATCH
Figure 17.
9-mm Egyptian "Port Said" or Swedish M45b submachinegun.
34.
Technical Data
Technical data concerning the ''"Port Said" submachinegun are given in table III, 35.
Operation
a.
Load the magazine by placing a cartridge on the maga-
zine follower between the feed lips; press the cartridge down
until it rolls sideways under one of the feed lips.
Repeat this
action until 36 rounds have been loaded.
b.
Insert the magazine into the magazine housing (fig 17)
until the magazine catch retains the magazine, c.
Press the stock catch (fig 17), and unfold the stock.
Flip the rear sight to the desired range--100, 200, or 300 meters.,
d.
Pull the operating handle (fig 17) outward (if neces-
sary); pull it to the rear, and then ease it forward until the bolt is caught by the sear.,
to fire.
CAUTION:
The gun is now ready
Using a normal sight picture, aim and press the
trigger; the gun will fire until the trigger is released or the
32
‘
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
magazine is empty.
The bolt will remain forward after the
last round has fired, f.
The gun can be made safe by turning the operating
handle upward into the safety notch.
Move the handle to its
normal position before attempting to fire,
g.
Clear the gun by removing the magazine, retracting
the bolt,
and insuring that no cartridges are present.
the trigger and ease the bolt forward.
Press
Press the operating
handle inward to lock the bolt; then insert the magazine. 36.
Disassembly and Assembly
This gun is disassembled and assembled in the same manner
as the Sten (para 30).
At its bottom rear, the barrel nut has
a latch, that must be disengaged before it can be unscrewed, 37,
Functioning
a.
This gun is blowback operated; refer to paragraph
b.
As the trigger is pressed, its upper end pulls the sear
19a.
out of engagement with the bolt.
The driving spring forces
the bolt forward, strips a cartridge from the magazine, and loads it into the chamber.
The fixed firing pin fires the car-
tridge, which blows the bolt back and compresses the driving
spring.
The extractor holds the fired cartridge to the bolt
face until it strikes the fixed ejector. pelled from the ejection port,
The cartridge is ex-
and the driving spring drives
the bolt forward to repeat the action. c.
When the trigger is released, the sear spring returns
the sear to its upper position where it can catch the bolt; this stops the firing cycle, 38.
Accessories
The usual submachinegun accessories--spare magazines, a sling, and a cleaning rod--are supplied with these guns.
33
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
E. 39.
THE 9-MM MADSEN MODEL 50 SUBMACHINEGUN
General a.,
The 9-mm Madsen Model 50 submachinegun, a re-
markably simple weapon even for a submachinegun, makes
maximum use of pressed metal parts.
The ''clamshell"
method of opening the receiver readily exposes all of the gun's mechanism for user maintenance.
A magazine loader and
spare parts are stored in the pistol grip.
Figure 18.
BARREL NUT
&
9-mm Madsen Model 1950 submachinegun.
BARREL
DRIVING SPRING GUID E
DRIVING SPRING
R
Figure 19.
yiy PRV TR
9-mm Madsen Model 1950 submachinegun disassembled.
34
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
b.
A number of variants of this submachine gun are in
existence.
An early model, the M1946 (fig 20), has a flat,
flanged operating handle that extends across the top and down
over the sides of the receiver.
The more common M1950 (fig
18) uses a small circular knob for its operating handle.
The
M53 Model has a curved magazine and a short cylindrical barrel nut that screws onto the barrel instead of onto the receiver as in the M46 and M50,
The Mark II resembles the M53 but
has a selector button located over the left grip plate; this model may also be fitted with a slotted barrel jacket over the
full length of the barrel.
In addition to the Danish guns, Bra-
zil produces a , 45-caliber model, the INA Model 953,
The
operating handle on this model protrudes from the right side of the receiver. c¢.
The 9-mm Madsen submachinegun, which is used by
the police and the armies of several Asian and Latin American countries, is also sold commercially, and these guns--by means of theft,
capture,
or purchase--are often found in use
by guerilla units. d.,
The M46,
M50,
M53,
and Mark II Madsens all fire the
9 x 19-mm cartridge; the Brazilian INA 953 fires the US . 45-
caliber M1911 cartridge (see sec V). 40,
Technical Data
Technical data concerning the Madsen submachinegun are given in table III, 41,
Operation
a.
Open the receiver (para 42c¢) and remove the magazine
loader from the pistol grip.
After loading the magazine, re-
turn the loader to its storage place and close the receiver. b.
Place the magazine loader over the top of a magazine;
press down the plunger to depress the follower, and slide a
cartridge--base end first--under the magazine feed lips. lease the plunger and slide the cartridge fully to the rear.
Repeat this action until the magazine is filled (32 rounds).
35
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FSTC-CW-07-1-69
c.
Insert a loaded magazine into the magazine opening
until the magazine catch snaps into place.
safety (fig 18) is in its forward position.
Insure that the
Grasp the gunaround
the magazine housing and depress the grip safety (fig 18). Draw the operating handle (fig 18) fully to the rear and ease it forward until the bolt is caught by the sear.
CAUTION:
The
gun is now ready to fire. d.
If the gun is not to be immediately fired, put it on safe
by moving the safety to the rear,
The stock can be folded or
unfolded by depressing the stock latch (fig 18) and moving the stock to the desired position. e.
To fire the gun, move the safety forward,
set the
selector for the type of fire desired (Mark II only), and using a normal sight picture, aim and press the grip safety and trigger.
The gun will fire until either the trigger is released
(or semiautomatically, if so set on the Mark II) or the magazine is empty.
The bolt will remain forward when the last
round has been fired. f.
Remove the magazine by pressing the magazine catch
(fig 18) and pulling the mag azine out of the receiver, g.
Clear the gun by removing the magazine and pulling
the bolt to the rear.
Look into the ejection port to insure that
no cartridges are present,
Hold the operating handle, press
the grip safety and {rigger, and ease the operating handle forward.,
42,
Replace the magazine,
Disassembly and Assembly
a.
Clear the gun (para 41g), but do not insert the maga-
zine,
b.
If the gun is a M1946 Model, pull the operating handle
straight up and out of the bolt.
The handle is held by a spring-
loaded detent,
¢. Unscrew and remove the barrel nut (or jacket if a Mark II). Swing the receiver open (fig 19) and lift the barrel out. Pull the rear end of the driving spring guide (fig 19)
37
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
forward out of its seat,
and remove the guide and spring.
Lift
the bolt out of the receiver.
;
d.
No further disassembly is necessary or desirable,
e.
To reassemble the weapon, place the bolt back into the
right receiver shell and insert the driving spring and its guide into the bolt,
Force the rear end of the guide into its seat in
the rear of the receiver.
Lay the barrel onto its seat in the
front end of the receiver and insure that the flange on the bar-
rel fits fully into the receiver groove.
Swing the receiver
closed and screw the barrel nut back into place.
If the gun is
an M46, press the operating handle down into the bolt until the detent snaps into place.
43.
Functioning a.
The basic functioning of the blowback operated Madsen
submachinegun (para 19a) is similar to that of the MAT-49 (paras 25b and e). The grip safety is a simple, spring-loaded catch that, unless manually depressed, will engage with the sear notch in the bolt and prevent the bolt from moving fully forward.,
When at safe, the safety blocks the sear and pre-
vents it from depressing to release the bolt. 44.
Accessories
In addition to the normal accessories (such as a web sling, a
spare magazine, and a magazine carrier), the Madsen submachineguns have a magazine loader that is stored in the grip. Each gun should also have a spare firing pin,
an extractor,
and a safety button stored in the grip.
F. 45,
THE 9-MM UZI SUBMACHINEGUN
General
a.
The 9-mm UZI submachinegun (figs 21 and 22) was
designed by an Israeli army officer in the early 1950's.
The
design appears to have been influenced by the Czech M-23 submachinegun; however, the UZI has several novel features for a
38
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
OPERATING HANDLE
BARREL NUT:
COVER.
GRIP SAFETY
SELECTOR
MAGAZINE CATCH
Figure 21.
9-mm UZI submachinegun, woodstock model.
submachinegun: A bayonetand a spigot-type grenade launcher. The UZI is a simple gun to manufacture; it uses a maximum amount of stamped metal parts and is considered to be an ex-
tremely reliable weapon. b.
The UZI, which is manufactured in Israel and in Bel-
gium, is a standard weapon in Israel, in West Germany, and
in the Netherlands.
The No. 2 Mark A guns used by the
Israeli Army can be identified by the Hebrew characters used to identify the selector setting; the German MP1 and the Dutch
guns use ''D", "E", and ''S" for these markings, while export or commercial models are marked ""A", "R", and ''S". c.
Like most submachineguns, the UZI fires from an
open bolt and can be fired either automatically or semiautomatically.
It is fed by 25- or 40-round-capacity box maga-
zines inserted into the pistol grip.
Although the UZI is usu-
ally equipped with a folding metal butt (fig 22), a wood butt (fig 2) in at least two different lengths is also used, d.
All UZI submachineguns fire the 9 x 19-mm pistol car-
tridge (sec VI). 46,
Technical Data
Technical data concerning the UZI submachineguns are given in table III.
39
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
47,
Operation a.
Load the magazine by placing a cartridge between the
feed lips and pressing downward until the cartridge rolls to the side and under one of the feed lips.
Repeat this action
until the magazine is full, b.
If the gun is a folding stock model, press the butt re-
lease (fig 22), pull down on the butt plate, and unfold the butt. To fold the butt, rear of the joint,
squeeze the rear half together, just to the and fold the stock down and forward and in-
sure that it locks to the receiver. c.
Insert the magazine into the bottom of the butt untilthe
magazine catch snaps into place.
After pressing the grip
safety (fig 21), pull the operating handle fully to the rear and release it. fire.
CAUTION:
The UZI is now loaded and ready to
If the gun is not to be immediately fired,
slide the
selector fully rearward to the "'safe'' position. d.
To fire the UZI, flip the rear sight to the desired
range--100 or 200 meters--and slide the selector to either the
semiautomatic (middle) or the full automatic (forward) position.
Using a normal sight picture,
safety,
and press the trigger.
aim, depress the grip
The gun will fire according to
the selector setting; after the last round is fired, the bolt will remain forward, e.
Remove the magazine by pressing the magazine catch
(fig 21) and pulling the magazine out of the gun.
f.
To clear the gun, remove the magazine (e above), set
the selector forward, depress the grip safety, and pull the operating handle to the rear.
Look into the ejection port and in-
sure that no cartridges are present.
Pull the operating handle
to the rear again and, while holding it, press the grip safety and trigger.
Ease the operating handle forward,
to safe, and insert the magazine.
40
set the safety
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48,
Disassembly and Assembly
a.
To disassemble the UZI, clear the gun (para 47f), but
do not set it on safe or insert the magazine. COVER
o
I "
DRIVING SFRING AND GUIDE
P
REAR STOCK LATCH
b.
Press in the cover catch (fig 22) and lift the cover
from the receiver. Pull the bolt slightly rearwaygd; then swing its front end up and out of the receiver. Separate the bolt and driving spring from the receiver and then from each other.
c. Press in the barrel nut lock (fig 22) and unscrew the barrel nut; pull the barrel forward and out of the receiver. d. To assemble the weapon, insert the barrel into the receiver and turn the barrel until it seats. Replace and tighten the barrel nut so that no fore and aft play is in the barrel. Place the driving spring and guide into the bolt and, with
the cut out of the guide down and the guide seated against the rear receiver wall, swing the bolt back down into place.
42
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
e. Insert the front of the cover (fig 23) under the front sight, and press the rear end of the cover down untilthe cover snaps into place. Reinsert the magazine.
49,
Functioning
a.
The UZI is blowback operated. (refer to para 19a) and
fires from the open-bolt position,
b. As the trigger is pressed, the disconnector (fig 24) pinned to the front extension of the trigger pulls the sear out of engagement with the bolt, and the bolt, under the force of tts driving spring, starts forward; the feed rib of the bolt
forces the top cartridge out of the magazine and into the chamber., As the cartridge seats in the chamber, the extractor snaps over the cartridge rim, and the fixed firing pin strikes the primer to fire the cartridge. SEAR EJECTOR GRIP SAFETY
DISC ISCONNECTOR
TRANSVERSE BAR OF SELECTOR
Figure 24.
c.
UZI submachinegun section.
The fired cartridge blows the bolt back and compresses
the driving spring.
The extractor holds the fired cartridge
case to the bolt face until the case strikes the fixed ejector
(fig 24) in the bottom of the receiver; the case is then expelled through the ejection port.
The driving spring foces the bolt
forward again to continue the firing cycle.
43
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
d.
When the selector is in the forward (automatic) posi-
tion and the trigger is pulled, the sear is depressed and the
gun continues to fire until the trigger is released or the magazine is empty.
e.
When the selector is in the mid, or semiautomatic
position, the transverse bar of the selector (fig 24) slips under the front of the disconnector.
When the trigger is
pressed, the disconnector depresses the sear to release the
bolt, but as the disconnector contacts the bar of the selector, the disconnector rocks rearward and releases the sear. Under the force of the sear spring, the sear moves upward and in-
tercepts the bolt, thus firing only one shot.
The trigger must
be released to allow the disconnector to raise up and re-engage
the sear for another shot. f.
When the selector is moved to its rearmost or safe
position, the bar moves under the front end of the trigger and
prevents the trigger from being pulled,
g.
When the grip safety is at its normal position, a
shoulder in the forward extending bar fits under a lug on the
right side of the sear. pressed,
This prevents the sear from being de-
The grip safety must be pressed in to move its
shoulder forward and out from under the sear, which then can
be depressed and allows the gun to be fired. h.
The sear extends up into cuts in the bolt when the bolt
is forward, and unless the grip safety is pressed to unlock the sear, the bolt is locked forward and cannot be cocked. 50.
Accessories
a. In addition to the normal accessories (spare magazines, magazine carrier, and web slings), the UZI has a bayonet and a grenade launcher, b.
The bayonet is affixed by mating the dovetail slot in
the handle with the lug under the gun, just rearward of the barrel nut.
The bayonet is removed by pressing its catch and
pulling it forward.
44
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
c.
The grenade launcher is attached by removing the bar-
rel nut (para 48b) and replacing it with the grenade launcher. CAUTION:
Do not insert a magazine into the gun when a gre-
nade is in place on the launcher.
(1) Open the bolt and place the special blank cartridge (CAUTION: Never use a bulleted cartridge.)
intothe chamber,
Place the selector on safe.
(2) Hold the UZI horizontal and slide the grenade, which has a 22-mm inside diameter tail boom, onto the launcher. Remove safety pins if necessary.
(3) Using the ogive of the grenade as the sight, aim, press the selector forward, and squeeze the trigger and grip safety.
(4) The use of a folding stock UZI for launching grenades should be avoided.
G. 51.
MAINTENANCE
Care and Cleaning
The procedure and materials prescribed for cleaning standard US Army submachineguns also apply to foreign submachineguns.
These weapons should be disassembled only to the ex-
tent necessary for adequate cleaning, in order to prevent breakage and subsequent loss of use,
Other than the replace-
ment of parts, which should be done only by a competent armorer, no repairs should be attempted on foreign submachineguns,
52.
Malfunctions and Stoppages
Most malfunctions and stoppages are caused by defective magazines,
edies,
Table IV lists common problems and their rem-
Malfunctions caused by broken or worn parts can be
corrected by replacing the defective part with a serviceable one,
This should be done only by a competent armorer, and
the repaired weapon must then be function test fired,
45
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Table IV. Condition
Submachinegun Malfunctions Cause
Fails to fire
Remedy
Defective cartridge | Retract bolt and fire
(cartridge in chamber ) Weak driving spring | Replace spring Fails to fire
Defective magazine
Replace magazine
Short recoil
Clean and lubricate
Fouled weapon
Clean and lubricate
Fouled weapon
Clean and lubricate
{no cartridge in chanmber)
Fails to eject
Section III.
A, 53.
RIFLES
MAUSER MODEL 1898 RIFLES
General
a.
The Mauser Model 1898 rifle (fig 25) was the final re~
finement of a series of German rifles whose basic design
began in 1871,
The '98 was developed just before the turn of
the century, and after final improvements (in the early 1900's), its use spread throughout the world,
There are few nations
who did not use the '98 or a rifle whose design was based on it, The prime producer of this rifle was Germany, but many other nations produced it under license, slovakia,
Poland,
Belgium, Spain, Czecho-
China, and Yugoslavia were the major non-
German producers; however, the Mauser company exercised close supervision over production, and as a result, most of these rifle parts are interchangeable regardless of country of
47
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
BOLT HANDLE
BOLT SLEEVE
LATE WW |} GERMAN KAR 98K
pe
",
BOLT STOP %SAFETY
LOCK ¢ 11p GUIDES
FLOOR PLATE RELEASE HOLE
YUGOSLAV M1948
BRITISH No 3 MKI* (ALSO US M1917)
Figure 25.
manufacture.
Typical Mauser rifles.
This results in current '98's bearing markings
of several countries.
In addition to true '98's, variants such as the US M1903 and 1917 rifles and the British No. 3 Mark 1% are based on the '98 design. The final model of the original
1898 Mauser is the Yugoslav M1948 rifle (fig 25).
b. Mausers are still used by several of the smaller nations, and many are used by militia, irregular, and insurgent groups.
Country of origin can usually be determined by the markings on the receiver; these markings, however, because of the sale and resale of obsolete rifles, normally have little
current significance,
48
PSTC-CW-07-1-69
c.
Mauser 1898's fire a wide variety of cartridges; most
are based on a 57-mm long cartridge case. cartridge is the 7,92 x 57 mm.
The most common
Some of these rifles that are
chambered for the US 30 M1906 cartridge have been made since World War II.
Refer to section V for information con-
cerning ammunition used with these rifles. 54,
Technical Data
Technical data concerning the Mauser Model 1898 rifle are given in table V, 55.
Operation
a.
Open the bolt by turning the bolt handle (fig 25) up as
far as possible; then pull the bolt fully rearward, b.
Load the magazine by placing a charger clip of five
cartridges into the clip guides (fig 25).
Hold the thumb as
close as possible to the charger clip and press the cartridges down into the magazine,
If desired, remove the clip and save
it for reuse; otherwise, the forward movement of the bolt will expel it.
If clipped ammunition is not available, place indi-
vidual cartridges on the magazine follower and press them down until they roll sideways under the feed lips.
Repeat this
action until five cartridges have been loaded into the magazine,
To prevent damage to the extractor, always load by in-
serting the cartridges, even single ones, into the magazine; never load cartridges directly into the barrel,
c¢.
Thrust the bolt forward and turn the bolt handle down.
CAUTION: d.
The rifle is now ready to fire,
If desired, make the rifle safe by swinging the safety
(fig 25) to the right; this locks the firing pin and bolt. On US M1917 and British No. 3 Mark 1 (fig 25) rifles, rock the safety to the rear,
e.
To fire the weapon, swing the safety to the left, or
press it forward (US M17 type), set the sights for the desired range by pressing the locks (fig 25) and sliding the bar along the sight leaf until the top of the bar is aligned with the number on the leaf corresponding to the range in hundreds of meters.
49
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
(Lift the leaf up before doing this on the M17 or No. 3 rifles.) Using a normal sight picture,
aim and squeeze the trigger.
The rifle will fire one shot. f.
To reload, turn the bolt handle up, pull the bolt smartly
to the rear and thrust it forward,
aim and fire again.
and turn the handle down;
On most 1898's, when the last round is
fired, the bolt will be caught to the rear.
g.
To unload or clear the weapon, turn the bolt handle up
and down once,
ate the bolt.
set the safety to a vertical position, and oper-
On M17 and No.
3 rifles, open the bolt and work
it back and forth without turning the handle down. unfired rounds as they are ejected. been ejected,
Catch the
When the last round has
depress the follower by hand and close the bolt,
Pull the trigger. 56,
Disassembly and Assembly
a.
When disassembling the weapons, unload (para 55g)
but do not pull the trigger.
On a M17 or No.
3, open the bolt,
set the safety to the rear, and close the bolt as far as possible.
Insert a coin between the firing pin nut and bolt sleeve,
On all other rifles, leave the safety in the vertical position.
Open the bolt and press the bolt stop (fig 25) outward.
Hold
the bolt stop out and pull the bolt from the rifle.
b.
On the left side of the bolt sleeve (fig 25) there is a
plunger (not present on M17 or No, 3 rifles); press it in.
Un-
screw the bolt sleeve and pull the firing mechanism from the bolt.
c.
Using the point of a cartridge, press in on the floor
plate catch through the hole (fig 25) in the floor plate. d.
To reassemble the rifle, insert the follower and
spring into the magazine well,
After lining up the lip on the
front of the floor plate with its seat in the inner front of the magazine well, press the lug at the rear of the floor plate into
the recess in front of the trigger guard (against spring pressure) and slide the floor plate forward until it locks in place.
50
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
e.
Screw the firing mechanism into the bolt,
It may be
necessary to depress the plunger in the bolt sleeve before the firing mechanism can be fully screwed in. over the right locking lug,
Align the extractor
and with the locking lugs horizontal,
insert the bolt into the receiver,
f. rear,
If the rifle is an M17 or a No. close the bolt,
bolt sleeve and the firing pin nut, the safety forward.
3, rock the safety to the
and remove the coin from between the
Then open the bolt and rock
On all rifles, thrust the bolt home, turn
the handle down, and set the safety to fire position,
Pressthe
trigger to release the firing pin, 57,
Functioning
a.
The Mauser 98 is manually operated; all actions nec-
essary to remove the fired cartridge case from the chamber and reload with a fresh cartridge are performed by the manual
manipulation of the rifle's mechanism by the shooter. b.
As the bolt handle is turned upward, a cam in the rear
of the bolt (d, fig 26) forces the firing pin nut and firing pin rearward, compressing the firing spring.
The root of the
handle also cams against the receiver to provide powerful
leverage to initially extract the fired cartridge.
The firing
pin unit has a lug (fig 26g) on its underside which over-rides the sear when the handle is turned fully up. c¢.
By drawing the bolt to the rear the empty cartridge is
removed from the chamber by action of the extractor.
The
extractor holds the cartridge against the bolt face until it
strikes the ejector (housed in the left rear of the receiver). The ejector pivots the cartridge about the extractor and expels it from the rifle, d.
The zig-zag magazine spring has forced a fresh car-
tridge up, under the receiver feed lips,
As the bolt is shoved
forward, it pushes the cartridge out of the magazine, and the cartridge rides up the bolt face under the extractor.
The
locking lugs (fig 26a) are re-seated into their abutments in the receiver by rotating the bolt handle downward,
51
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
Figure 26. e.
Mauser rifle section.
The trigger (fig 26n), is pinned to the sear (fig 26m),
and has two humps on its top where it bears against the bottom of the receiver.
When the trigger is pressed, the front hump
(closest to the pin) acts as a lever to move the sear down.
At
this stage, the trigger pull has been very light, but as the second hump, at the rear of the trigger contacts the receiver,
a
definite stop is felt and increased trigger pressure is necessary to completely disengage the sear from the lug on the firing
52
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
pin nut.
When these disengage, the firing spring drives the
firing pin forward and fires the cartridge. f.
There are two safety features on this rifle; the manual
safety and an automatic safety.
The manual safety (fig 26f) is
operated by swinging it to the left; this interposes a solid por-
tion of the safety (fig 26h) in front of the firing pin nut and cams the nut slightly rearward, off the sear.
At the same
time a section of the safety shaft rotates into a fore and aft cut
(fig 26d2) in the rear of the bolt; this locks the bolt closed.
The automatic safety is the cocking cam (fig 26d) in the bolt; if the bolt is not completely locked, the cam on the firing pin nut will, by engaging the cam in the bolt, force the bolt closed,
These cams prevent the firing pin going completely home unless the bolt is rotated to a fully locked position. 58.
Accessories
a.
The Mauser bayonet is affixed by sliding the "T'"' slot
in its hilt over the rail or lug under the muzzle until the catch
snaps into place.
The bayonet is removed by pressing its
catch and sliding it forward and off the lug or rail, b.
Most Mauser-type rifles have either a sectional clean-
ing rod housed under the barrel or a trap in their butt that
holds cleaning tools.
Three sectional rods can be joined to
make a rod sufficiently long to clean the rifle,
c.
Muzzle covers,
slings of various types, and other
simple, nonessential accessories are used in a wide range of patterns.
B. 59,
These may or may not be present.
THE FRENCH 7.5-MM MODEL 1936 RIFLE (MAS-36)
General
a.
The French Model 1936 rifle (MAS-36), althoughobso-
lete in the French Army, is widely used by the armies of many of the old French colonies and protectorites.
Captured
weapons are often used by irregular or guerrilla forces.
The
manually operated MAS-36, while somewhat crude in construction and appearance, is an extremely simple and rugged 53
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
TUBE
BAYON
il
APERTURE ~ SLIDE
Figure 27.
rifle,
French 7.5-mm M1936 rifle.
It is readily identified by its odd,
swept-forward bolt
handle, two-piece stock, and spike bayonet, b.
One model of this rifle, the MAS-36 CR39, has a fold-
ing metal stock.
This weapon is for use by paratroops and is
rarely encountered today. c.
The MAS-36 fires only French 7.5 x 54-mm cartridge
(sec V). 60.
Technical Data
Technical data concerning the MAS-36 rifle are given in table V.
61.
Operation a.
The MAS-36 is operated in the same manner as the
Mauser 1898 (para 55); however, there is no manual safety on the MAS-36.,
The easiest way to unload this rifle is to open
the bolt and, after catching the ejected cartridge, leave the
bolt open.
Squeeze in the floor plate release (fig 27) and open
the floor plate; the cartridges will fall out of the magazine, 54
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
b.
Set the rear sight for the desired range by depressing
the aperture (fig 27) and moving the slide until it lines up with the graduation corresponding to the range in hundreds of meters. c.
Release the aperture. The bayonet is carried reversed in the forestock,
Press the catch on the bayonet, withdraw it, and after revers-
ing it, slide the bayonet's butt back into the tube. will retain it.
The catch
Remove the bayonet by pressing the catch and
pulling the bayonet out of the tube,
62.
Disassembly and Assembly
a. To disassemble the rifle, clear the weapon by opening the bolt and the floor plate (para 61a). b.
Pull the trigger and, while holding it, draw the bolt
out of the receiver,
c.
No further disassembly is required or desirable,
d.
To reassemble the weapon,
ceiver, turn it as necessary,
start the bolt into the re-
and push it home; then insert
the follower and spring into the magazine opening and close
the floor plate.
63.
Funciioning
a.
The MAS-36 rifle is manually operated (para 57a). As
the bolt handle is turned up to unlock the bolt, a camming action between the end of the bolt and firing pin forces the firing pin rearward and compresses the firing spring,
A cam
surface at the root of the bolt handle bears against a cam surface on the left rear of the receiver; this provides initial extraction,
b.
The extractor holds the cartridge case to the bolf and
thus extracts the case from the chamber.
When the bolt is
drawn fully rearward, the ejector expels the fired case,
Meanwhile, the magazine spring has moved a fresh cartridge into position in front of the bolt.
55
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
c.
When the bolt is thrust forward, it pushes the car-
tridge out of the magazine and into the barrel. rotated to re-seat the locking lugs,
The bolt is
and the extractor snaps
over the rim of the cartridge. d.
The MAS-36 has no manual safety; however, if thebolt
is not fully locked the interaction between the cam on the rear
of the bolt and the firing pin lug will close the bolt or prevent the firing pin from striking the cartridge. e.
While slightly different in detail, the MAS-36 trigger
mechanism is essentially similar to that of the Mauser 1898
(para 57b). 64.
Accessories
The MAS-36 has a spike bayonet housed in its forestock (para 60c).
A web sling is used to carry the rifle.
C. 65.
THE .303-CALIBER LEE ENFIELD RIFLES
General
a.
The .303-caliber (7.7 mm), manually-operated Lee
Enfield rifle has been made in many different models; figure 28 depicts the more common varieties,
The prominent maga-
zine is a prime recognition feature for all L.ee Enfields, and
the older No. nosed muzzle.
1 rifle (fig 28-1) can be recognized by its snubA sniper version of the No.
4 equipped with a
telescope (fig 28~3) was issued, and a lightened version with a shortened forestock, the No. 5 (fig 28-4), was made for jungle warfare.
The various models of the lL.ee Enfield, while dif-
fering in appearance, are generally similar in operation, disassembly, and functioning; differences will be noted as neces-
sary.
Post war modifications resulted in a No.
4 Mark 2
rifle; this was the same as the No.,
4 Mark 1,
except that the
trigger was pinned to the receiver.
The No,
Mark 1% rifles were modified to No.
4 Mark 2 standards,
4 Mark 1 and
these are known as No. 4 Mark 1/2 or Mark 1/3 respectively. b.
The Lee Enfield was manufactured in Great Britain,
Australia, India,
Canada, and the United
56
States; the latter
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
COCKING PIECE
REAR SIGHT
CLIP GUIDE
.
BOLT HEAD CATCH
MAG AZINE RELEASE
1
CLIP GUIDE
“L" REAR SIGHT
BOLT HEAD DISASSEMBLY CUT
LEAF REAR SIGHT
.
FLASH HIDER
often bears a''U. S. Property'' mark that indicates a World War
II Lend-Lease weapon.,
Occasional crude copies that were
made in small Indian village shops will be found; under nocircumstances should these homemade weapons be fired,
The
regular Indian rifles, marked ''Ishapore' or "IA" are safe to use,
c.
Most Lee Enfields fire the , 303 (7.7 x 56R) cartridge;
however, many have been reworked to fire the 7,62 x 51 NATO round, These can be identified by the recessed bolt face and
57
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
ejector as part of the magazine,
Refer to section V for infor-
mation concerning ammunition used in these rifles. 66.
Technical Data
Technical data concerning the Lee Enfield rifles are given in table V. 67.
Operation
a.
Open the bolt by turning the bolt handle upward as far
as possible; then pull the bolt fully rearward. b.
Load the rifle.
Any of the several following methods
can be used.
(1) If clipped ammunition is available, insert the clip into the clip guides (fig 28), and with the thumb as close as possible to the clip, press the cartridges into the magazine, Remove the clip and repeat this action with a second clip so
that 10 rounds are loaded into the magazine.
When loading
loose cartridges into empty clips, insure that the rims of the cartridges in the middle and on the ends are below the rims of the other two cartridges.
(2) Loose cartridges can be individually pressed into the magazine to insure that the rim of each cartridge is in front of the rim of the round that preceded it.
(3) Individual cartridges can be directly inserted into the chamber,
c¢. When the rifle is loaded, shove the bolt fully forward (spring resistance will be felt during the last inch or so of
travel) and turn the handle down.
CAUTION:
The rifle is
loaded and ready to fire, d.
If the rifle is not to be fired immediately, put it on
safe by rotating the safety at the left rear of the receiver fully to the rear.
This locks the firing pin and bolt.
An alternate
method is to firmly grasp the cocking piece (fig 28), pull it to the rear, and after pressing the trigger, ease the cocking
58
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
piece forward.
Release the trigger and bring the cocking
piece to rest at the half cock position.
This procedure is not
recommended,
e.
Set the sights for the desired range according to the
rifle model:
(1) If the rifle is a No. 1, press the slide locks on the rear sight (fig 28), and move the slide along the leaf until the index mark on the slide lines up with the number on the leaf that corresponds with the range in hundreds of yards.,
Final
fire adjustments can be made by rotating the worm screw on
the slide.
(2) If the rifle is an early No.
4 with an L rear sight
(fig 28), flip the sight to the desired range (300 or 600 yards). The 300-yard aperture is used for firing at 400 yards if the bayonet is attached,
(3) If the rifle is a No. 4 with an adjustable rear sight 5 carbine (fig 28), 1lift the leaf and move the slide
or a No.
along it until the index mark lines up with the number denoting the range in hundreds of yards.
The slide is moved either by
pressing a catch on the slide or by turning an adjusting screw at the top of the slide, depending on the model of the sight. The fixed, large, battle aperture can be used when the sight
is folded down; this is set for about a 300-yard range, and with this sight, by aiming at a man's chest, you should hit him somewhere at any range up to 300 yards.
The sniper rifles do
not have the battle aperture.
(4) The No. 32 telescope is set for range and deflection by rotating the knobs on the telescope.
The elevation knob at
top is marked to indicate hundreds of yards.
f.
To fire these weapons, rotate the safety forward (or
pull the cocking piece fully rearward) and using a conventional sight picture, aim and squeeze the trigger.
fire one shot.
The rifle will
To reload, turn the bolt handle up, pull it fully
and briskly rearward, thrust it forward,
The rifle is now ready for another shot.
and turn it down.
When the last round
is fired, the bolt is not caught to the rear.
59
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
g.
To unload or clear the rifle, press the magazine re-
leage (fig 28) and remove the magazine. catch any ejected cartridge.
Open the bolt and
Push any remaining cartridges
forward, out of the magazine,
and insert the empty magazine
into the rifle, hitting it with the heel of the hand to insure
that it is fully seated. 68.
Close the bolt and press the trigger.
Disassembly and Assembly a.
To disassemble the Lee Enfield:
(1) Clear the rifle, (para 67g),
but do not insert the
magazine.
(2) Remove the bolt,
(a) If it is a No.
1 rifle, open the bolt and draw it
fully to the rear; then press up on the bolt head until it is re-
leased by the bolt head catch (fig 28) and the head is vertical. This takes considerable force.
Pull the bolt rearward out of
the receiver.
(b) If it is a No. 4 Mark 1%,
open the bolt and draw
it slightly to the rear until the bolt head is aligned with the
disassembly cut in the receiver (fig 28).
Turn the bolt head
up and, after lifting the rear sight to its vertical position, pull the bolt out of the receiver.
(c) If it is a No. 4 Mk 1, 2, 1/2, Sniper rifle or a No.
5 carbine, open the bolt, depress the bolt catch (fig 28-3),
and pull the bolt fully rearward (holding the catch depressed). Turn the bolt head to a vertical position and,
after lifting the
rear sight, pull the bolt to the rear out of the rifle, b.
To reassemble the rifle, insure that the bolt head is
screwed into the bolt as far as possible; then back it off until it is in line with the guide rib of the bolt. the receiver; the rear sight leaf of the No.
must be vertical.
Insert the bolt into 4 and No.
5 rifles
When the bolt head is just forward of the
shoulder, turn the head down.
If the rifle is a No.
4 Mk 1%,
press the bolt forward until the bolt head is aligned with the
cut (fig 28) in the receiver; seat the bolt head into this cut and
60
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
close the bolt.
For all other rifles, as soon as the bolt head
clears the shoulder, press it down, against the spring catch, until the bolt can be pushed forward.
Reinsert the magazine
(para 67g). 69.
Functioning
a.
The Lee Enfields are manually operated and the basic
bolt functioning is similar to that of the Mauser 1898 (paras
57a and b); however, the cam on the bolt merely retracts the firing pin point into the bolt and does not fully compress the firing spring.
This spring is compressed by the shooter as
he forces the bolt forward in its last inch or so of travel,
b.
The extractor pulls the fired cartridge out of the
chamber and holds it to the bolt face,
At the same time, how-
ever, the extractor also forces the rim of the cartridge hard against the inner left wall of the receiver; the friction is usually sufficient to cause the cartridge, when clear of the chamber, to pivot about the extractor and to be expelled,
A small
screw protruding into the receiver insures that ejection takes
place, if the extractor spring is weak, by stopping the cartridge and making it pivot about the extractor, ¢.
The safety performs two functions:
bolt and the cocking piece.
If locks both the
When the safety is rotated rear-
ward, a steep pitch multiple thread moves a small lug inward
and into the bolt.
This prevents the bolt from being rotated.
A sector of the safety shaft concurrently meshes with the
cocking piece, forces it rearward, and locks it in place, d.
The
sear is
an Li-shaped component, one arm of
which projects in front of the cocking piece to hold it in the cocked position,
the trigger.
The other arm extends downward in front of
The upper end of the trigger has two humps on
it; these act in the same fashion as do the humps on the
Mauser 1898 trigger (para 57e). e.
The automatic safety feature is similar in concept to
that of the Mauser 1898 (para 57f).
61
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
70,
Accessories
a.
Several different styles of bayonets are used according
to the model of the rifle. bayonet; the No,
The No.
1 rifles use a long sword
5 carbine uses a Bowie knife type of bayonet.
These are affixed and removed in the way the Mauser 1898
bayonet (para 59a) is.
TheNo. 4 rifles use an odd, handleless,
short bayonet with either a spike or blade.
These bayonets
are affixed by placing their loop over the muzzle, forcing
them back, and twisting until locked in place.
The bayonet is
removed by pressing in the knurled lock at its rear end and
twisting and pulling it off the muzzle. b.
A web sling is invariably used with this rifle,
Miscel-
laneous accessories such as breech covers, pull through
strings (used for cleaning in lieu of a cleaning rod), and oil bottles (carried in the butt trap) are usually found with these rifles.
D.
71,
THE 7,62-MM FN-FAL RIFLE
General
a.
The 7.62-mm FN-FAL rifle was developed by the
Fabrique Nationale (FN) Arms Factory in Belgium, operated,
selective-fire, magazine-fed,
This gas-
shoulder weapon is
one of the most widely distributed rifles in the free world,
It
is produced in Belgium, Great Britain, Canada, Australia, India, Israel, Austria, and Argentina and, in addition, is used by the Netherlands, Luxembourg, New Zealand,
Chile, Vene-
zuela, Peru, Ecuador, Ireland, the Congo, West Germany, and Cuba.
The FAL, obtained by commercial purchase or
capture, is often found in use by dissident groups. b.
There are a number of modifications that may help to
determine the origin of a particular FAL.
The West German
G-1, the Austrian StG58, and the Dutch FAL all have a lightweight, folding metal bipod incorporated in their metal forestock; the British LL1A1 and Indian Ishapore rifles have zigzag dirt cuts in their bolt carriers, folding operating handles, and enlarged magazine catches and selectors,
62
In addition, the
FSTC-CS-07-1-69
G
G
FIXED REAR SIGHT
ROUND FOREARM
SLIDE LOCK
Figure 29.
FN-FAL rifle early model.
FOLDING REAR SIGHT
FLASH SUPPRESSOR
COVER®
:
‘OPERATING HANDLE{ :
MAGAZINE CATCH BOLT STOP
Figure 30.
LI1AI rifle.
63
TAKE DOWN LEVER
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
FAL can be found with or without a flash suppressor, with several types of bolt covers, and with a number of different style forearms.
It is often difficult to identify the original
purchasing nation of an FAL unless the rifle is stamped with an identifying seal or crest,
c.
All FAL's use the same basic design mechanism.
The
sole exception is a folding-metal-stock parachutist version that has its driving spring in the top of the bolt carrier instead of in the buttstock. d.
When equipped with a sturdy bipod and a heavy barrel,
the FAL is used as an automatic rifle or light machinegun.
The Canadian C2A1 (fig 31) and the FAL automatic rifle (fig 32) are examples of such weapons. The instructions given for
the regular FN-FAL rifle also are applicable to these automatic rifles, All FN-FAL rifles fire the 7,62 x 51-mm NATO cartridges (sec V). LEAF REAR SIGHT
GAS REGULATOR HEAVY BARREL
30-RD MAG AZINE BIPOD/FOREARM
Figure 31.
Canadian C2 automatic rifle.
64
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
" HEAVY BARREL
BUTT REST:
Figure 32.
72,
FN-FAL automatic rifle.
Technical Data
Technical data pertaining to the FN-FAL rifle are given in
table V. 73.
Operation a.
Load the magazine by placing a cartridge on the maga-
zine platform and pressing down until the cartridge rolls sideways under one of the feed lips.
Repeat this action until the
magazine is full.
b.
Grasp the magazine by its base, and while holding it
at a slight forward angle to insure that the lip on the top front of the magazine engages its seat in the receiver, insert the magazine into the magazine housing,
Pull the bottom of the
magazine to the rear until the magazine catch (fig 30) snaps into place,
c. Rotate the selector (fig 30) to its upper rear position (safe). Grasp the operating handle (fig 30) (unfolding it if necessary), pull it fully to the rear, and release it. CAUTION: d.
The rifle is now loaded,
Adjust the rear sight for the desired range by unfold-
ing (if necessary), by pressing in the slide lock (fig 29), and by sliding the aperture on its base until the number that corresponds to the range, in hundreds of meters, is visible,
65
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
e.
Rotate the selector to the desired position--down for
semiautomatic or fully forward for full automatic (Note: some FAL's can fire only semiautomatically). Using a normal sight picture, aim and press the trigger.
The bolt will re-
main open when the last shot is fired. f.
Remove the magazine by pressing the magazine caich
(fig 30) forward and, at the same time, rotate the magazine forward out of the gun.
The bolt can be closed by pulling the
operating handle fully to the rear and then easing it forward
or by pressing down the bolt stop (fig 30). g. Clear the FAL by removing the magazine (f above), pressing up on and holding the bolt stop (fig 30), and then pulling the operating handle fully to the rear and releasing it. The bolt will remain open; inspect to insure that no cartridges are present.
Move the selector from safe, depress the bolt
stop, press the trigger,
set the safety back on safe, and re-
insert the magazine,
h.
The gas regulator (fig 29) is adjustable, and there are
two types of regulators.
Both function in the same manner,
but are adjusted differently,
The older type regulator has a
square forward face; back this one off until it just uncovers the oval gas escape port behind the front sight.
Insert an
empty magazine, close the regulator 20 clicks, load a live round into the chamber, and fire. the rear,
If the bolt does not catch to
close the regulator five more clicks and re-fire,
Continue this action until the bolt is just caught to the rear, for five consecutive shots; then close the regulator three additional clicks.
If the gun fails to reload after it has been fired,
close the regulator two clicks at a time until reliable function-
ing is achieved,
The new style regulator has an angled cut on
its forward face and is easier to adjust.
Back this regulator
off until the gas escape port is uncovered; then, with an empty magazine in place, fire one cartridge,
and if the bolt does not
catch to the rear, close the regulator one click and refire,
Repeat (and adjust if necessary) until the bolt is caught for five consecutive shots; then close the regulator one more click. When the weapon is in use, if it fails to reload, close the regulator one click at a time until proper functioning is achieved.
In all cases note the correct setting for future use.
66
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
i. nades.
The gas plug (fig 29) is adjustable for firing rifle gre~ Press in the plunger on the plug and rotate it to the
desired position.,
The rifle will function normally when the
letter or symbol on the plug is at the top.
When it is at the
bottom, or if the letters '"GR'' are visible, the gas port is closed (for firing grenades) and the rifle must then be manually reloaded after each shot,
j. The front sight can be screwed up or down to adjust for elevation zero. Screw the sight clockwise (inward) to raise the point of impact.
The rear sight can be zeroed lat-
erally by means of the screws directly under i,
Loosen one
screw and tighten the opposing screw to move the sight.
The
sight will move toward the loosened screw, in the direction the shot pattern is to be moved. 74,
Disassembly and Assembly
a.
To disassemble the weapon, clear the rifle (para 73g),
but do not press the trigger or insert the magazine,
b.
The takedown lever (fig 30) may be either the older
vertical type or the newer horizontal type.
Press the former
to the rear; press the latter upward, and while holding the
FAL by its handguard, press the buttstock down to swing the
rifle open,
c.
Pull the bolt cover (fig 30) to the rear off the receiver.
d.
Grasp the rod that extends from the rear of the bolt
carrier and pull the bolt and carrier to the rear out of the re-
ceiver,
Hold the bolt carrier horizontally and push the bolt
back into the carrier until the bolt drops.
Press in on the end
of the firing pin, and the bolt will drop clear of the carrier, e.
Use the point of a cartridge or similar item and force
in the plunger on the side of the gas plug (fig 29).
Rotate the
plug until it comes free; remove it, and then the piston and piston spring,
f.
No further disassembly is necessary or desirable.
67
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
g.
To reassemble the rifle, insert the piston and spring
into their tube and force them into place with the gas plug.
The lugs on the plug must be vertical; after the plug is in as far as possible, depress its plunger and rotate the plug to re-
tain it in place. (Note: h.
Refer to para 73i).
Holding the bolt at an angle, insert it into the bolt car-
rier so that the firing pin enters its hole in the rear end of the
carrier. Press the bolt to the rear (while pressing in on the protruding end of the firing pin) until the bolt seats in the carrier, i.
Hold the opened rifle muzzle down, and after insuring
the bolt is forward in the carrier, align the rails of the carrier with their grooves in the receiver and slide the carrier
fully forward.
Mate the bolt cover with its grooves in the
receiver and slide the carrier fully forward.
j.
Swing the rifle shut, pull the trigger to release the
hammer, place the selector to safe, and insert the magazine, 75.
Functioning
a.
The FN-FAL rifle is gas operated; some of the gas
that drives the bullet down the barrel is tapped off and directed against a piston and drives if on the rear.
The piston
imparts sufficient energy to the mechanism of the gun so that all functions necessary to fire another shot are per-
formed. b.
When the trigger is pressed, the hammer strikes the
firing pin; this fires the cartridge, drive the bullet down the bore.
gas port in the barrel,
and the propellant gases
After the bullet passes the
some of the gases enter the gas cylin-
der and drive the piston rearward.
The piston strikes the
bolt carrier (fig 33-3) and drives it rearward, compressing the driving spring.
After a short free travel, the bolt carrier
unlocking cam (fig 33-4) cams the bolt up out of its locking seat in the receiver.
The bolt and carrier now travel to the
rear as one unit. c.
The piston spring returns the piston forward,
bolt carrier rocks the hammer back.
68
and the
The extractor pulls the
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
[ 5 - LOCKING CAM
1 - PISTON
2-BOLT 3 - BOLT CARRIER 4 - UNLOCKING CAM
6 - DRIVING SPRING ROD 7 - LOCKING SEAT 8- LUGS 9 - BARREL
Figure 33.
FN-FAL bolt functioning.
fired cartridge case from the chamber and holds it against the bolt until the case strikes the ejector.
The case is expelled
from the rifle,
d.
The driving spring forces the bolt and bolt carrier
forward; the feed rib on the bolt drives a cartridge out of the magazine and into the chamber.,
The extractor snaps over the
rim of the cartridge and the bolt stops its forward travel.
The
bolt carrier continues forward for a short distance, and by
means of the locking cam, (fig 33-5) cams the bolt down into its locked position.
The carrier finally trips the automatic
sear (fig 34). e.
The selector (fig 34) controls the type of fire by per-
mitting different amounts of trigger travel according to the selector setting,
When on safe, the solid shaft of the selec-
tor is over the rear of the trigger and the trigger cannot be pulled to fire the rifle,
f.
When the selector is set for semiautomatic fire, the
trigger can be moved just enough for the sear (fig 34), which
69
FSTC-CW-07-1-69 BOLT CARRIER
BOLT
/
HAMMER
/
SELECTOR
TRIGGER SHOULDER SEAR SPRING
—~—
AUTOMATIC SEAR
TRIGGER
/
[
SEAR
Figure 34.
FN-FAL functioning.
pivots about the trigger pin and is moved by the trigger shoulder, to disengage from the hammer.
The hammer swings
forward and the sear, under pressure of the sear spring (fig
34), moves forward and upward, against the bottom of the hammer.
When the bolt carrier moves forward, the hammer,
under the force of the hammer spring,
ward.
starts to swing for-
The sear snaps into the sear notch of the hammer; this
then forces the sear to the rear,
holds the hammer cocked.
against the shoulder, and
To release the hammer, the trig-
ger must be released; the hammer then forces the sear to the
rear, over the shoulder.
If the trigger is again pressed, it
will move the sear to release the hammer,
g.
When the selector is set at automatic, the trigger can
rotate to its furthest distance, and when it does, the sear is held completely out of engagement with the hammer.
The
hammer is then held cocked only by the automatic sear (fig 34). This sear is tripped by the bolt carrier during its last bit of forward travel and releases the hammer to fire another shot.
This action, which takes place each time the bolt car-
rier goes forward, results in automatic fire.
The release of
the trigger causes the hammer to be caught by the sear in the
same manner as in f above,.
70
PSTC-CS-07-1-69
h,
Two automatic safety features on this rifle prevent
firing if the bolt is not locked.
This condition will prevent the
bolt carrier from going fully forward because its cams will be blocked by the lugs on the bolt.
If the bolt carrier is not fully
forward, the following will occur:
(1) The automatic sear (fig 34) will not be tripped and it will continue to hold the hammer cocked, even if the trigger is pressed,
(2) The firing pin will not protrude through the rear wall of the carrier and cannot be struck by the hammer, i.
The bolt stop is held down by a light spring.
A ribon
the magazine platform contacts the bolt stop when the last round leaves the magazine and the force of the magazine spring lifts the bolt stop up into the path of the bolt.
This
holds the bolt open when the last round is fired, 76.
Accessories
a.
A large number of accessories are made for the FN-
FAL rifle.
These include several types of bayonets, tele-
scopic sights,
infrared night sights, bipods, grenade
launchers, blank firing devices,
and the like.
A complete
description of all these would require too much space and is not warranted.
b.
Two types of bayonets are in use; one is a conventional
type that is slipped over a dovetail on the barrel or flashhider and is removed after a release button is pressed.
The other
type has a tubular socket handle that slips over the flash suppressor and is held by a spring catch.
The catch is pulled
away from the socket to remove the bayonet,. ¢,
The grenade launchers are attached and removed like
the tubular socket bayonet referred to above,
Never insert a
bulleted cartridge into the rifle while launching grenades--use
only the special blanks, Be sure to rotate the gas plug (para 73i) to prevent damage to the rifles mechanism when launching grenades,
71
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
d.
Web slings and cleaning rods are usually available for
use with the FN-FAL rifle.
E. 77.
THE 7.62-MM G3 RIFLE
General
a,
The 7.62-mm G3 rifle is a standard weapon in the
West German, Portuguese,
and several other armies; it is
also produced for commercial sales, is found in use by irregular units.
and as a result,
the G3
The G3 is a development
of the Spanish CETME assault rifle; this, in turn, was developed from a German World War II rifle design.
These rifles
are unusual in that they function by retarded blowback and are
constructed mostly from steel stampings.
There are a variety
of G3 rifles, including the conventional wood-stocked model, folding-stock model,
a short barreled carbine,
a
and both belt-
and magazine-fed light machinegun versions; these can be
found chambered for the 7,62 x 51-mm NATO cartridge.
Nor-
mally, only the 7. 62-mm NATO version with the fixed wood or folding metal butt will be encountered. b. Sweden,
The G3 is produced in West Germany, Spain, Norway, and Portugal and is used by Indonesia, Ghana, Den-
mark, Nigeria, the Dominican Republic, Pakistan,
and
MUZZLE BRAKE/GRENADE LAUNCHER
OFERATING HANDLE
*{' TYPE REAR SIGHT
NO BIPOD
SELECTOR
MAGAZINE CATCH
Figure 35.
Early G3 rifle.
72
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
RETAINING NOTCH
DRUM REAR SIGHT
BIPOD (OPEN)
STORAGE HOLES
TAKE DOWN PINS
‘
’
SELECTOR MARKINGS
BIPOD (FOLDED)
Figure 36.
Liberia.
Current G3 rifle.
The country of origin or use can usually be deter-
mined by the national markings on the weapon,
The West
German guns are stamped G-3, the Swedish guns are stamped AK-4, and the Portugese guns are stamped M961,
c.
Most of the G3 rifles in use fire the 7.62 x 51-mm
NATO cartridge.
Refer to section V for information concern-
ing ammunition used in this rifle,
78.
Technical Data
Technical data concerning the G3 assault rifle is given in
table V. 79.
Operation
a.
L.oad the magazine as described in paragraph 73a, and
insert the magazine into the rifle as described in paragraph 73b.
73
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
b.
Rotate the selector (fig 35) to its uppermost position,
This puts the rifle on safe.
c.
Grasp the operating handle (fig 36), unfold it, and pull
it fully to the rear; then release it.
CAUTION:
The rifle is
now loaded. d.
There are two types of rear sights in use.
The early
L type (fig 35) is graduated for 200 and 300 meters; the later drum-type sight (fig 36) has a 100-meter V notch and 200-, 300-,
and 400-meter apertures.
Flip the L sight or twist the
drum sight to the desired range, e.
To fire the G-3,
safe position.
rotate the selector down from the
The middle position gives semiautomatic fire;
the lowest position gives full automatic fire.,
Using a normal
sight picture, aim and press the trigger to fire, remain forward when the last round is fired,
The bolt will
The operating
handle will always remain forward during firing.
f.
Press the magazine catch (fig 35) forward and pull the
magazine out of the rifle.
g.
Clear the G3 by rotating the selector (fig 35) upwards
to the safe position.
Remove the magazine (f above) and pull
the operating handle to the rear; then rotate it up into the re-
taining notch (fig 36). tridges are present.
Inspect the rifle to insure that no carPull the operating handle rearward, ro-
tate it downward out of the retaining notch, and release it.
Rotate the selector from safe, press the trigger, and return the selector to safe. h.
Inseri the magazine,
By using the screws, the drum rear sight can be ad-
justed for elevation and windage zero. 80.
Disassembly and Assembly
a.
To disassemble the weapon, clear the rifle (para 79g),
but do not press the trigger or re-insert the magazine, the selector set on safe.
74
ILeave
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
DRIVING SPRING
BOLT CARRIER
BOLTHEAD LOCKING CAM
FIRING PIN AND SPRING
Figure 37.
b.
G3 rifle disassembled.
Remove the take-down pins and place them in the
stock storage holes for safekeeping (fig 36).
Pull the buttstock
and driving spring off to the rear.
c.
Allow the trigger group to hang down on its front pin,
Pull the operating handle to the rear,
and point the muzzle up-
ward until the bolt assembly can be grasped and withdrawn {o
the rear,
d.
Turn the bolt head (fig 37) 90° to the right and pull it
forward out of the carrier.
Turn the locking cam (fig 37)
until its lug clears the carrier; then remove it, the firing pin,
and the spring. e.
No further disassembly is necessary or advisable,
f.
To reassemble the rifle, insert the locking cam,
the firing pin and its spring into the bolt head.
and
Insure that the
lug on the locking cam is in line with the rounded side of the
bolt head.
Place the bolt head (bolt face down) on a firm sur-
face and place the bolt carrier on the assembled bolt head/ locking cam unit.
Hit the rear end of the bolt carrier (fig 37)
a firm blow with the hand to seat the bolt head against the
carrier,
Turn the bolt head slightly to the left; pull it forward
about 0. 25 inch, and then rotate it fully to the left.
If the bolt
head is pushed back into the carrier, the rollers will lock outwards, and the bolt cannot be assembled into the rifle.,
75
If this
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
happens, turn the bolt head to the right about 45°, pull it forward, then turn it fully to the left again. g.
Insure that the locking rollers are flush with sides of
the bolt head; then insert the complete bolt assembly into the receiver and point the muzzle down; the bolt will slide forward,
h.
Swing the trigger group up into place; then slide the
butt over the rear of the receiver and insure that the driving spring enters its recess in the bolt carrier.
Remove the
take-down pins from their storageholes and replace them in the receiver.
Insert the magazine,
safe, and press the trigger.
81.
rotate the selector off
Replace the magazine,
Functioning a.
The G3 rifle is delayed blowback operated; the rear-
ward thrust of the cariridge case, upon firing, drives the bolt
mechanism rearward, but the rearward movement is delayed by the mechanical arrangement of the bolt until the pressure in the rifle has dropped to a safe limit.
There is, however,
slight rearward movement of the fired cartridge case,
a
and in
order to ease this movement and prevent ruptured cartridge
cases, the front end of the chamber is fluted.
These flutes
(fig 38) allow propellent gases to leak rearward along the cartridge case; this provides a film of gas upon which the mouth
of the cartridge floats.
Fired cariridge cases from this rifle
are readily identified by the sharply defined gas marks that
extend back for about half the length of the case. b.
When the G3 is ready to fire,
a cartridge is chambered,
the locking cam forces the locking rollers into their recesses, and the hammer is cocked.
When the trigger is pressed, the
hammer is released and strikes the firing pin, which fires the
cartridge.
The gas pressure generated not only drives the
bullet down the barrel, but also drives the cartridge case rearward.
This movement is resisted by the bolt head whose
locking rollers are seated in the locking piece (fig 38) attached to the barrel, c.
The rearward thrust of the case is sufficient {o start
the bolt rearward; this causes the rollers to be forced out of
76
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
FIRING PIN|
BARREL
BOLT
FLUTES
their seats.
~
BOLT CARRIER
As they move, the rollers ride on the cam sur-
face of the locking cam (fig 38) and force it rearward, and because the cam is locked to the heavy bolt carrier, the bolt carrier is also forced to the rear against the driving spring.
The delay occasioned by the rollers resistance to camming the heavy bolt carrier rearward allows time for the bullet to leave the muzzle and the pressure to drop to a safe level,
The
inertia developed, plus residual gas pressure still thrusting the bolt rearward, provides sufficient energy to drive the bolt
fully rearward, to compress the driving spring,
and to cock
the hammer, d.
The extractor pulls the fired cartridge case from the
chamber and holds it to the bolt face.
The rear end of the
ejector (fig 39) is struck by the recoiling bolt carrier; this causes the ejector to pivot so that its front end enters the bottom of the bolt head.
As the bolt continues to recoil, the car-
tridge case strikes the ejector, pivots about the extractor, and
is expelled from the rifle,
71
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
AUTOMATIC SEAR LEVER SELECTOR SHAFT
FIRING PIN
BOLT HEAD
-
TRIGGER LUG
LOCKING CAM
BUFFER
TRIGGER LEDGE
' SEAR SPRING
* AUTOMATIC SEAR'
Figure 39.
e.
G3 rifle section.
The bolt carrier strikes the buffer (fig 39) at the front
of the buttstock and stops.
The driving spring then drives the
carrier forward, and the bolt head forces the top cartridge out of the magazine and into the barrel.
The extractor snaps
into the cartridge groove, and the forward movement of the bolt head stops when it hits the end of the barrel.
The carrier
has a lock that keeps the bolt head locked forward; this is now tripped by a lug in the receiver.
The carrier continues for-
ward and the locking cam, which travels with the carrier, forces the locking rollers into their recesses (fig 38). f.
The trigger mechanism of the G3 rifle is similar to
that of the FN-FAL rifle (paras 75f and g).
The hammer is
powered by a coil spring and plunger and is held cocked by a sear that can move back and forth in relation to the trigger, When the hammer is cocked, pressure on the trigger is transmitted to the rear end of the sear through the trigger ledge
(fig 39).
This causes the front of the sear to move down and
release the hammer. spring,
The hammer, under pressure of its
swings forward and strikes the firing pin.
Upon firing,
the recoiling bolt carrier rocks the hammer back to its cocked position, 78
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
g.
When the selector is set for semiautomatic fire, a cut-
away section on the selector shaft limits the upward movement
of the trigger lug (fig 39).
When the trigger is pressed and the
hammer is released, the sear spring forces the front of the sear forward and upward.
As the bolt carrier returns forward,
the hammer starts to move forward and the sear mates with a notch on the hammer,
When this happens, the strong hammer
spring overcomes the weak sear spring and the sear is forced rearward against the trigger ledge and holds the hammer cocked.
By releasing the trigger, the ledge is lowered and
the hammer spring, working through the hammer, forces the sear rearward over the ledge.,
Pressure on the trigger will
now move the sear and fire another shot. h.
When the selector is set for automatic fire, the trig-
ger can rise to its highest point, and the nose of the sear is depressed far enough so the sear cannot re-engage the ham-
mer.
The automatic sear (fig 39), however, holds the ham-
mer cocked,
and as the bolt carrier completes its forward
travel, it depresses the automatic sear lever (fig 39); this, in turn,
moves the automatic sear out of engagement with the
hammer,
The hammer swings forward to fire,
is repeated until the trigger is released.
and this action
The sear then can
rise up and intercept the hammer and interrupt the firing
cycle, i.
When set at safe, the selector places a solid section
of its shaft over the trigger lug.
This prevents the trigger
from moving enough to disengage the sear from the hammer;
thus the G3 cannot fire,
j.
There are two automatic safeties on the G3:
matic sear and the locking cam.
The auto-
If the mechanism is not fully
forward, the automatic sear will continue to hold the hammer
and prevent firing.
The locking cam, unless it is fully for-
ward and holding the locking rollers fully outward, will block the firing pin from protruding through the bolt face, and thus will prevent firing if the bolt is not fully locked. 82.
Accessories
a.
The G3 usually is issued with a canvas or leather
sling, spare magazines, a magazine carrier, and a bayonet,
79
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
Some G3
rifles may be equipped with telescopic or infrared
sights.
b.
The bayonet is installed by fitting its ring over the
muzzle and guiding the belt into engagement with the bayonet
lug between the bipod (early models) or the plug in front of the front sight.
In either case, the bayonet is removed by press-
ing its catch and pulling it forward, off the rifle,
c.
Some G3's have a bipod built into their forestock.
Pull
the legs down or fold them up against spring pressure as de-
sired. d.
Rifle grenades may be launched from the G3.
flash suppressor is useable as a launcher. graph 76c for precautions.
The
Refer to para-
No adjustment is necessary for
firing grenades from the G3; just insert the special blank cartridge into the chamber, slide the grenade into place, aim, and fire,
E.
83.
MAINTENANCE
Care and Cleaning
The procedures and materials prescribed for cleaning stand-
ard US Army rifles also apply to Eurasian Communist rifles, These weapons should be disassembled only to the extent necessary for adequate cleaning in order to prevent breakage and subsequent loss of use.
No repairs other than replacement of
parts should be attempted on foreign rifles, and this should be done only by a competent armorer., 84.
Malfunctions and Stoppages
See table VI for common malfunctions and their remedies.
Malfunctions caused by broken or worn parts can be corrected by replacing the defective part with a serviceable one.
should be done only by a competent armorer, weapon must then be function test fired.
80
This
and the repaired
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FSTC-CW-07-1-69
Table V1. Condition
Rifle Malfunctions Cause
Fails to fire
Remedy
Defective cartridge | Reload
(cartridge in cha.mber) Bolt not fully
Clean and lubricate
locked Fails to fire
Short recoil
Clean and lubricate
Fouled weapon
Clean and lubricate
(no cartridge in chamber) Fails to extract or eject
SECTION IV,
A,
85,
MACHINEGUNS
THE ZB26 AND ZB30 LIGHT MACHINEGUNS
General a.
The Czechoslovak-designhed and -produced ZB26 and
ZB30 machineguns were among the first of the modern light
automatic guns.
The two guns are almost identical exter~
nally; the ZB30 (fig 40), however, has a socket in the bottom
of its butt to receive a monopod; the ZB26 (fig 41) does not have such a fitting.
Internally, while the basic design is
similar, there are major differences in the shape of the breech bolt and piston slide, and these parts are not interchangeable between models.
These air-cooled, box-maga-
zine-fed, bipod-mounted guns have many clever design fea-
tures; some are retained in the design of the later British
Bren and Czech Models 52, 52/57, and 59 machineguns. b.
Copies of the ZB26 were produced in China prior to
and during World War II; many of these guns were taken over
82
" OPERATING HANI
Figure 40.
ZB30 light machinegun.
MAGAZINE
REAR SIGHT ELEVATION DRUM
TAKE DOWN PIN
I
s
st
2
GAS CYLINDER
GAS CYLINDER TUBE
Figure 41.
BARREL LOCK LEVER
TM~ " SELECTOR
ZB26 light machinegun.
by the Chinese Commun ists (fig 42) and are now used in Viet-
nam,
¢.
The Czech-produced guns can be identifi ed by their The word BRNO alo ng with other Czech identifying marks will be on the left side of the receiv er, The legend
markings.
Lehky Kulomet ZB VZ 30
(or 26) is on the righ t side, This latter marking may be different on guns made for export
sales. The Chinese-made gun s have serial number s in large figures stamped into the left receiver wall and they often are
preceded by a swa stika (fig 42),
83
FSTC-CS-07-1-69
d.
Most ZB26 and ZB30 machineguns fire the 7. 92 x 57-
mm cartridge (sec V); some however, were made for other calibers.
86.
Technical Data
Technical data concerning the ZB26 and ZB30 light machineguns are given in table VIIL.
87.
Operation a.
Load the ZB26 or ZB30 magazines in the manner de-
scribed in paragraph 73a.
Most magazines hold 20 cartridges,
however larger capacily magazines were also made.
b.
Swing the bipod legs forward until they spring apart
and lock into place.
They can be folded by pressing the legs
together and swinging them rearward.
The butt rest (fig 40)
can be folded or unfolded by pulling it away from its hinge and rotating it to the desired position.
This rest can be used to
support the gun on the gunner's shoulder while he is firing from the prone position.
c.
If necessary, slide the dust cover forward (fig 40), tilt
the magazine forward,
and engage its front lug with the recess
in the front of the magazine opening.
Rock the magazine back
until the magazine catch (fig 40) snaps into place. d.
tion.
Rotate the selector (fig 41) to its middle (safe) posi-
Grasp the operating handle (fig 40), pull it fully rear-
ward, andthenreturn it forward,
CAUTION:
The gun is now
ready to fire,
e.
Turn the elevation drum (fig 41) until the desired
range (in hundreds of meters) appears in the opening at the rear of the drum.
f.
Rotate the selector (fig 41) forward for automatic fire
or rearward for semiautomatic fire.
picture,
Using a normal sight
aim and press the trigger to fire.
The bolt will be
caught to the rear when the magazine is empty.
84
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
g.
Remove the magazine by pressing the magazine caich
(fig 40) toward the magazine; at the same time press the magazine forward and rotate it out of the gun. in paragraph c above.
Reload as described
The gun does not have to be recocked
after reloading. h.
The ZB26
barrels.
and ZB30 machineguns have quick-change
Remove the magazine; press the latch on the inside
of the barrel lock lever (fig 41) into the lever to release the lever from the receiver.
Rotate the lever up as far as possi-
ble, and by means of the carrying handle, pull the barrel forward off the gun,
Insert a replacement barrel; insure that the
gas cylinder enters the gas cylinder tube (fig 41).
Turn the
barrel lock lever down until it locks in place; reload and re-
sume fire.
The barrel can be changed with the bolt rearward
or forward.
i.
Clear the gun; set the selector to its middle (safe)
position,
remove the magazine, and then pull the operating
handle rearward,
Look through the magazine opening to in-
sure that no cartridges are present,
Move the selector from
safe, grasp the operating handle, press the trigger, and ease the operating handle forward.
Slide the magazine opening dust
cover (fig 40) rearward; then slide the ejection cover (fig 40) rearward. Set the selector back to its middle (safe) position. 88.
Disassembly and Assembly
a.
To disassemble the weapon, clear the gun (para 87i),
but do not close the dust covers or move the selector from its
safe position. b.
Remove the barrel (para 87h).
Press out the takedown pin (fig 41) from left to right
and slide the butt and trigger mechanism rearward out of the
receiver,
c.
Holding a hand over the rear end of the receiver, point
the front end up. The slide and bolt (fig 42) will slide rearward; remove them, Pull the bolt (fig 42) rearward and up off the slide. d.
No further disassembly is necessary or desirable,
85
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
FLASH HIDER:
’
BARREL * LARGE NUMBER
RECEIVER GAS CYLINDER
\
GAS TUBE
PISTON
SV
I
'
SLIDE
EJECTION COVER
N
C———
CAMS( N
DRIVING SPRING ROD
-
p
|
BOLT
‘
BIPOD SCREW
g
>
POST
TAKE DOWN PIN
BIPOD,
Figure 42.
e.
BUTT AND TRIGGER MECHANISM
ChiCom copy of Czech VZ 26, field stripped.
To reassemble the gun, place the bolt over the slide
post (fig 42) and push the bolt forward on the slide so that the undercuts at the front of the bolt mate with their tracks on the
slide.
Insert the gas piston into the rear of the receiver, and
when the piston is far enough in,
align the ribs on the slide and
receiver and push the slide into the receiver.
Tilt the re-
ceiver down until the bolt and slide go forward. f.
Slide the butt and trigger mechanism into the receiver
from the rear.
Be sure that the driving-spring rod is seated
into its recess in the end of the slide.
When the butt and trig-
ger mechanism are fully seated in the receiver,
insert the
takedown pin,
g. 89.
Replace the barrel and clear the gun (para 87).
Functioning
a. ated.
The ZB26 and ZB30 light machineguns are gas operUpon firing, a portion of the propellent gases are
86
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
SELECTOR
CONNECTOR
SEAR
SEAR SPRING
TRIGGER
CONNECTOR HOOKS
Figure 43.
ZB26, ZB30 and Bren trigger mechanism.
RECEIVER
FIRING PIN
BOLY
/
PISTON SLIDE |
HAMMER
CAMS Figure 44.
ZB26, ZB30 and Bren bolt mechanism.
diverted into a gas cylinder and drive the piston and attached parts rearward,
The driving spring is compressed, and upon
completion of the rearward movement, this spring drives the breech mechanism forward to reload and fire another cartridge.
87
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
b.
The ZB26 and ZB30 machineguns commence their fir-
ing cycle with the slide and bolt held to the rear by the sear. The driving spring is compressed.,
When the trigger is
pressed, the sear disengages from the slide (figs 43 and 44) and the compressed driving spring forces the slide and bolt forward.
The feed ribs on the top of the bolt force a cartridge
from the magazine and drive it into the chamber.
The front of
the bolt strikes the end of the barrel; the extractor snaps into the groove of the cartridge case; and the bolt stops.
The slide
continues forward, and a cam on its top side forces the rear end of the bolt upwards into its seat in the receiver.,
The slide
then continues forward a short distance and its hammer (fig 44) strikes the firing pin to ignite the cartridge. c.
The propellent gases from the cartridge drive the bul-
let through the barrel, and just before the bullet reaches the muzzle,
some of the gases are diverted through the gas port
and into the gas cylinder.
rearward.
The gases then drive the piston
As the piston and slide move rearward, the driv-
ing spring is compressed.
d.
As the slide moves, the cams on the slide (fig 44) con-
tact the bolt and pull it down from its locked position; when unlocked, the bolt and slide travel rearward as a unit.
The
extractor pulls the fired cartridge case from the chamber and holds the case to the bolt until the ejector strikes the case.
The case then pivots on the extractor and is expelled through the ejection port in the bottom of the gun. strikes the buffer and stops.
The slide finally
The driving spring then drives
the slide forward and another cycle commences.
e.
By rotating the selector (fig 43), the ZB26 or ZB30
trigger mechanism can be set for either semi- or full automatic fire.
When the selector is rotated forward to the full
automatic setting,
a solid section on its shaft depresses the
connector, which fits through a hole in the lower arm of the sear.
As the trigger is pressed, the connector moves for-
ward; the lower hook (fig 43) engages the sear and causes it to rotate about the pin.
The sear nose releases the slide and
the firing cycle commences and continues until the trigger is released and the sear spring forces the sear up to intercept
the slide,
88
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
f.
When the selector is rotated rearward to the semi-
automatic setting, the connector raises to its highest position; as the trigger is pressed, the upper hook of the connector raises to its highest position.
As the slide drives forward, it
hits the cam (fig 43) on the connector and forces the connector down.
The hook releases the sear that, because of its spring,
snaps up and catches the slide when it recoils.
Thus only one
shot is fired; the trigger must be released to allow the connector to move rearward and its hook to re-engage the sear so that a second shot can be fired.
g.
When the selector is rotated to its middle or safe posi-
tion, the hooks are positioned centrally in the hole in the sear
(fig 43).
Thus, when the trigger is pressed, the connector
hooks do not activate the sear to release the slide. h.
The magazine platform has a rear-edge lug that can
drop in front of the bolt when the last round has been fed. When the bolt recoils after firing the last round, the lug stops
the bolt; this, in turn, stops the slide slightly to the rear of the place where it normally would be engaged by the sear,
As
the empty magazine is removed, the bolt and slide move
slightly forward onto the sear, and after a loaded magazine is inserted, the gun is again ready to be fired. 90,
Accessories
A wide assortment of accessories are available for the ZB26
and ZB30; the following are usually found with these weapons: Spare barrels;
extra magazines with a web or leather maga-
zine carrier; a sling; and a tool roll or box with cleaning rod,
combination tool, and spare parts (firing pins, extractors,
ejectors, springs etc); and a gun cover,
B. 91.
THE BREN LIGHT MACHINEGUN
General a.
The Bren light machinegun is a British development
based on the Czech ZB30 light machinegun (sec IV).
The
basic Mark 1 Bren was adopted by the British Army in 1936,
89
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90
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
and although it was an expensive,
difficult to produce weapon,
it rapidly replaced all other light machineguns in the British and Commonwealth armies. duced during World War II: weight Mark 3 model.
Two additional models were proa simplified Mark 2 and a light-
In addition, a special model of the Mark
2 that used the 7. 92 x 57-mm cartridge was produced in Canada for the Nationalist Chinese. SEPARATE FLASH HIDER AND GAS REGULATOR HOUSING| -
"
'ELEVATING KNOB LEAF REAR SIGHT
“ SLIDE
-
MPLIFIED RECEIVER
b.
The Mark 1 gun can be identified by its prominentrear
sight elevating drum and one-piece aluminum flash hider and
gas regulator housing (fig 45).
The other Brens have a leaf
rear sight and a flash hider separate from the gas regulator
housing (fig 46). the shorter,
The Mark 2 and 3 guns can be identified by
smaller diameter Mark 3 barrel,
The 7. 92 Mark
2 Bren can be identified by its straight magazine (fig 47) as opposed to the arc-shaped ones used in the standard . 303
Mark 1, 2, and 3 Brens.
¢.
Many Brens now fire the 7. 62-mm NATO cartridge.
Some were converted from the earlier . 303 models and some
are new production.
These weapons, the L4 series (fig 48),
91
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can be identified by their bar-type flash suppressors and long, slightly curved magazine,
The large head of the screw that
holds the magazine adapter in place is also a major recogni-
tion point, d.
The Nationalist Chinese produced a version of the
Mark 2 Bren.
Their gun, the Type 41 light machinegun, fires
the US 30 caliber M1906 cartridge (7.62 x 63 mm) and is easily distinguished from the other Brens by its receiver with
the separate gas-cylinder tube (fig 49).
The original pattern
Mark 1 Brens were also produced in Czechoslovakia after World War II.
These guns can be identified by the Czech in-
scriptions on their receivers,
SEPARATE RECEIVER
AND GAS CYLINDER
Figure 49.
e.
Nationalist Chinese type 41 light machinegun.
The British Brens,
except for the L4 series,
fire the
. 303 rimmed cartridge; the L4's fire the 7.62 x 51-mm NATO cartridge.
The Canadian Mark 2 special fires the
7.92 x 57-mm cartridge, while the Chinese Type 41 fires the US 30 M1906 cartridge.
Information concerning ammunition
will be found in section V.
92,
Technical Data
Technical data concerning the Bren machineguns are given in table VII.
94
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
93.
Operation
a.
The Bren was developed from the ZB30; because of
this, the instructions for operating the ZB26 and ZB30 (para 87a-i) also apply to the Bren. ence must be noted,
The following points of differ-
When loading rimmed cartridges, insure
that the rim of each cartridge, when loaded, is ahead of the
rim of the preceding cartridge; otherwise, severe jams will occur.
Some Brens have a folding operating handle; this must
be unfolded prior to use.
The Bren bipod latches onto rails on
the receiver when it is folded; a vigorous pull is necessary to disengage the bipod feet from the rails.
The leaf-sight-
equipped Brens are adjusted for range by turning the knurled knob at the top of the leaf until the index mark on the slide (fig
46) is aligned with the number on the leaf that corresponds with the range in hundreds of feet (Mark 2-3) or meters (L4). Few, ifany, Mark 1 Brens still have butt rests, and except for the Type 41, no other Brens were made with butt rests. b.
The Bren guns have adjustable, rotary gas regulators.
There are four positions at which the regulator can be set; each position is indicated by a different sized dot drilled into the side of the regulator.
The smallest gas port is in use
when the smallest dot is positioned between the barrel and the
gas cylinder tube.
The regulator is changed to the next
largest port whenever failure to eject occurs.
ulator position, remove the barrel,
To change reg-
and using a cartridge or
combination tool, rotate the regulator 90°,
Reinstall the
barrel, 94,
Disassembly and Assembly
The Brens are disassembled and reassembled in exactly the same manner as are the ZB26 or ZB30 light machineguns
(para 88a-g).
The takedown pin cannot be completely removed
from the receiver in the Brens, 95.
Functioning
The Brens function exactly the same as the ZB26 and ZB30
machineguns (para 89a-f).
95
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
96.
Accessories
There are many accessories for the Brens, butin general they
parallel those used with the ZB26 and ZB30 machineguns
(para 90).
C.
THE FRENCH 7.5-MM MODEL 24/29 LIGHT MACHINEGUN
97,
General
a.
The 7.5-mm Model 24/29 (fig 50) was a standard pre-
World War II French Army weapon that was put back into production after the war.
It is an excellent weapon of simple de-
sign and unsurpassed ease of maintenance.
The French refer
to this weapon as an automatic rifle; however, by contemporary
standards it is a light machinegun.
The Model 24/29 is some-
times referred to as the Chatellerault machinegun,
Its double
triggers, large wood forearm, and multiperforated conical MAGAZINE CATCH RELEASE !
! MAGAZINE| fcareH
|
BUTT REST! DUST COVER:
y
TAKE DOWN SCRE
LOCKING LINK
o MONOPOD!
LOCK
§
CV)PERATINGIE
HANDLE
MONOPOD|
BIPOD CLIP
Figure 50.
French Model 24/29 light machinegun.
96
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
flash hider are prime recognition features.
The forearm has
a large vertical hole in if; this is to adapt the gun to an anti-
aircraft or vehicular post mount,
Although obsolescent in the
French Army, the Model 24/29 is still in widespread use in many ex-French possessions. The Model 24/29 fires the 7.5 x 54-mm cartridge (sec V). 98.
Technical Data
Technical data concerning the Model 24/29 light machinegun are given in table VII,
99,
Operation a.
Load the magazine as described in paragraph 73a,
b.
Unhook the clip that holds the bipod legs together; then
swing the legs forward and down.
Spread them until the lock-
ing link between the legs locks them open,
c.
Open the dust cover by turning the dust cover lock
(fig 51) upward, then pull the magazine catch release (fig 50) rearward; this will allow the magazine catch to spring up, into
position,
Fold the dust cover forward over the barrel.
If
necessary, the rear sight aperture can be swung to the left for use.
Set the sight to the desired range by depressing the
locks and moving the slide along the ramp until the top of the slide is aligned with the figure that corresponds to the range in hundreds of meters. d.
Unfold the butt rest if desired.
Hold the magazine, tilted forward,
and mate the lug
(fig 51) on its front side with the recess in the magazine well, Rotate the magazine rearward until the magazine catch snaps
into place.
Pull the operating handle fully rearward; then
push it forward.
CAUTION:
The gun is now ready to fire.
If
desired, make the gun safe by moving the safety (fig 50) downward.
e. picture,
To fire, push the safety upward; using a normal sight aim and press one of the triggers.
Pressing the
front trigger will fire one shot; the trigger must then be released and repressed to fire another shot,
97
Pressing the rear
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
trigger will cause the gun to fire until the magazine is empty or the trigger is released. f.
When the last cartridge from the magazine is fired,
the bolt will remain open.
Press the magazine catch (fig 50)
toward the magazine and,
at the same time, tip the magazine
forward out of the gun.
g. To clear the M24/29, rotate the safety downward, remove the magazine (f above), and pull the bolt fully rearward. Inspect to insure that no cartridges are present.
Press the
safety upward, hold back on the operating handle, press one of the triggers, and ease the operating mechanism forward.
Swing the dust cover (fig 50) to the rear over the magazine opening; then swing the ejection port cover down.
place by turning the lock lever down.
Lock it in
Reset safety to safe,
and press the magazine catch back until it locks,
h.
Fold the bipod by pressing the center of the locking
link upward; then fold the legs together.
Swing them back-
ward, and secure them with the bipod clip (fig 50).
The bipod
can be stowed under or alongside the barrel, 100.
Disassembly and Assembly
a. cover,
b.
Clear the gun (para 99g) but do not close the dust and leave the safety upward in the fire position.
Unscrew the takedown screw (fig 50) until it can be
pulled out of its hole,
Tilt the butt up and off the receiver,
The trigger group will swing down. c.
Press the front end of the trigger group into the re-
ceiver; then remove the trigger group.
The ejector is housed
in a dovetail in the left wall of the receiver; pull the ejector rearward and out of the gun. d.
The driving spring can now be pulled rearward and
removed from the slide (fig 52). e.
Pull the operating handle rearward.
This will move
the bolt and slide to the rear where they can be grasped and
98
.
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
‘GAS CYLINDER TUBE-
““TRIGGER GROUP Figure 51. pulled out of the receiver.
.
M24/29 disassembled. Turn the tube lock (fig 51) to the
vertical position, and swing the rear end of the gas cylinder tube to the right; after it disengages from the receiver, it can
be removed. f.
The bolt link pin can be pulled out and the bolt can be
separated from the slide.
g.
Although further disassembly is neither necessary or
desirable, the barrel can be removed,
Turn the barrel lock
at the left front end of the receiver to the "0'" marking.,
Place
a wrench on the flats on each side of the rear end of the barrel and unscrew it,
The barrel has right hand threads.
The
barrel is replaced by screwing it into the receiver until it seats and the lines on the barrel and receiver are aligned,
Turn the barrel lock back to its locked position,
h.
Place the bolt onto the slide, position the links (fig
51), and replace the link pin,
99
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
i.
Mate the gas cylinder tube with the gas cylinder and
slide the rear end of the tube to the left and into place in the receiver,
j.
Push the bolt as far forward as possible on the slide;
then insert the bolt and slide into the receiver, the piston enters the gas cylinder tube,
insuring that
Tip the muzzle down
so that the bolt and slide will go fully forward.
Replace the
ejector (fig 51) into its recess. k.
Insert the driving spring and guide into the slide, guide
to the rear,
Mate the hook (fig 51) on the trigger group with
its cross pin in the receiver; then swing the trigger group up into place. 1.
Hold the stock at an upward angle to the receiver and
fit its lug (fig 51) into its recess in the inner top of the receiver.
Hold the trigger group up in place and swing the stock
down until it seats against the receiver.
Insert the takedown
screw, from the right, and screw it fully home.
Close the
dust covers, fold the aperture to the right, and press the magazine catch down until it is locked in place,. 101,
Functioning
a.
The M24/29 light machinegun is gas operated (para 89a)
and commences its firing cycle with the slide and bolt held to the rear by the sear.
When either trigger is pressed, the
sear disengages from the slide and the compressed driving
spring forces the slide and bolt forward. b.
The feed ribs on the top of the bolt force a cartridge
from the magazine and drive it into the chamber, tor
snaps into the groove of the cartridge case,
The extrac-
and when the
front of the bolt strikes the end of the barrel, the bolt stops
its forward movement.
The slide continues forward and the
links (fig 51) pivot about their pin to force the rear end of the bolt up into its seat in front of the locking shoulder.
The slide
continues forward until the firing pin (fig 52) mounted on the slide strikes the primer and fires the cartridge,
c.
The propellent gases drive the bullet down the barrel
and, after the bullet passes the gas port,
100
some of the gases
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
REAR SIGHT LEAF
RATE REDUCING MECHANISM
AUTOMATIC TRIGGER SEMI-AUTOMATIC TRIGGER
FIRING PIN SLIDE CATCH
Figure 52.
M24/29 light machinegun section.
are diverted into the recessed head of the piston (fig 52). These gases drive the piston and slide to the rear, compressing the driving spring and retracting the firing pin.
After a
short free travel, the link pin on the slide passes under the pin of the bolt, and the links rotate and pull the bolt down out of engagement with the locking shoulder.
The extractor with-
draws the fired cartridge case from the chamber and holds it against the bolt until the end of the ejector strikes the case and expels it from the gun, d.
The bolt and slide continue to the rear until the slide
hits the actuator (driving it to the rear against its spring) and buffer.
The driving spring then drives the bolt and slide for-
ward to commence another firing cycle.
e.
The trigger mechanism consists of a conventional
sear and two triggers: automatic fire,
One for automatic and one for semi-
If the weapon is cocked,
i.e., the slide is
held to the rear by the sear (fig 53), pressure on the rear or
automatic trigger (fig 53) will lift the front end of the sear and cause it to disengage from and release the slide and thus to
101
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
SAFETY SHAFT
DISCONNECTOR [\ ;1 OMATIC TRIGGER
SEMI-AUTOMATIC TRIGGER
SEAR SPRING
N TRIGGER SPRING
DISCONNECTOR SPRING
Figure 53.
M24/29 light machinegun trigger mechanism.
commence the firing cycle.
The sear rises and catches the
slide to the rear, thus stopping the firing cycle, only when the trigger is released.
f.
When the front or semiautomatic trigger (fig 53) is
pressed, the disconnector lifts the front end of the sear; this
causes the sear to release the slide.
As the trigger moves,
the disconnector, because it moves in a circular path (on the end of the trigger), moves forward until it moves out from under the sear.
tercept the slide.
The sear spring snaps the sear upward to in-
To fire a second shot, the {rigger must be
released so that the trigger spring can force the trigger forward and lower the disconnector.
The disconnector pivots
towards the trigger as it passes the front of the sear, and as soon as the disconnector is under the sear, the disconnector
spring forces the disconnector rearward under the sear, Pressure on the trigger will now cause the triggering action
to be repeated and another shot to be fired.
102
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
g.
When the safety is rotated downward to the safe posi-
tion, the safety shaft (fig 53) rotates so that its lower end blocks the semiautomatic trigger and its upper end blocks the
automatic trigger.
Because neither trigger can be pressed,
the arm cannot be fired.
h.
The M24/29 light machinegun has a simple rate reduc-
ing mechanism in its butt.,
The slide, when it recoils, drives
the actuator (fig 52) to the rear against its spring.
At the same
time the slide catch engages the slide and holds it to rear until
the actuator spring drives the actuator forward.
When the
heavy actuator reaches the end of its return stroke, it depresses the slide catch to release the slide,
The time lag
caused by the movement of the actuator results in a reduced cyclic rate of fire, 102.
Accessories
A number of accessories are available for the M24/29 light machinegun.,
A sliding plate in the butt plate, when open, re-
veals a spare ejector and takedown screw housed in recesses
in the butt,
A leather sling is used to carry the M24/29, and
when available, a simple monopod can be inserted into a socket in the bottom of the butt.
This monopod is removed by
pressing the key-shaped latch on the right side of the butt and pulling it out of the buttstock.
Spare magazines and magazine
carriers are normally used with the M24/29,
D,
THE GERMAN 7. 92-MM MG34 LIGHT MACHINEGUN
103,
General
a.
The MG34 (fig 54) was developed in Germany in the
1930's as a general purpose machinegun; it could be used as a light, heavy,
antiaircraft, or tank machinegun.
This weapon
is notable for its extremely high cyclic rate of fire and its
fast, simple, barrel change.
The air-cooled, belt-fed,
recoil-operated MG34 is a closely fitted,
intricately machined
weapon that requires exacting care and cleaning to keep it operating.,
The high rate of fire requires a nice touch on the
trigger to limit bursts to 8 or 10 rounds,
103
FPSTC-CW-07-1-69
{AA FRONT,
ISIGHT BASE: 7
p
/' JLATCH
| _TRIGGER
[FULL AUTOATIC TRIGGER
"OPERATING HANDLE
SI0E LOCKS ]
SAfery.
b.
,
'FEEDWAY ~
v
[COVER CATCH
@
BUPFER LATCH
Although it has been many years since the MG34's
have been used by any regular army, they are often found in use by irregular forces worldwide and are in wide use by both North Vietnamese Militia and Viet Cong units.
In Vietnam
they are usually employed as antiaircraft weapons, a role to which they are especially suited because of their belt feed and high cyclic rate.
c.
The MG34, because of its complexity and unreliability,
should be used only when no other light machinegun is avail-
able, d.
tered.
There are a number of variations that can be encoun-
Some MG34's do not fire semiautomatically, some
have shorter barrels, and some special models for tanks have heavier barrel jackets; these changes do not affect normal operation.
The major components of each MG34 are num-
bered with the serial number of the gun; if misnumbered parts are assembled into a gun, malfunctions are almost certain to occur.
104
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
e.
All MG34 machineguns fire the 7. 92 x 57-mm car-
tridge (see sec V), 104,
Technical Data
Technical data concerning the MG34 are given in table VII. 105.
Operation
a.
The ammunition belt for the MG34 is constructed from
50 semicircular links held to each other by a spiral connector
(fig 55).
Only this belt can be used with the MG34.
Load the
belt by pressing a cartridge into each link until the tab on the link snaps into the groove of the cartridge case.
Long belts
can be made by seating the last or connecting link of one belt into the first link of another belt and locking them together by inserting a cartridge.
If a leading tab is not available, leave
the first few links empty to serve as a leading tab.
CONNECTING LINK
Figure 55.
b.
German machinegun ammunition belts,
There are several ways to load the MG34; the pre-
ferred method is to press the cover catch (fig 54) forward and
lift the cover.
Place the belt in the feedway (fig 54), feeding
in from the left with closed side of the links up and the first
105
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
cartridge positioned in the lengthwise slot in the feed tray.
Make certain that the safety (fig 54) is rotated forward, pull the operating handle (fig 54) to the rear, and thrust it fully
forward.
Push the feed slide (fig 54) to the left and close the
cover; strike the rear of the cover with the hand to insure that the cover is latched,
CAUTION:
The gun is loaded and ready
to fire,
c.
The alternate way of loading the MG34 without opening
the cover is to pull the operating handle {o the rear and then thrust it forward. tated forward.
CAUTION:
Be sure that the safety is ro-
Insert the belt from left to right and give it a
vigorous pull to the right to seat it.
CAUTION:
The gun is
loaded and ready to fire, d.
If the gun is not to be immediately fired, press in on
the safety and swing it down and to the rear.
The gun then is
on safe and cannot be fired.
e.
Swing the front and rear sights to an upright position,
squeeze the latch (fig 54) in the bipod legs, and swing the bipod forward.
The height of the bipod can be adjusted by
turning the fluted knob between the bipod legs; this controls the spread of the legs.
Set the rear sight for range by pressing
the slide locks, and move the slide until its upper edge is aligned with the number that corresponds to the range in hundreds of meters. f.
and up. trigger.
To fire, press in on the safety and swing it forward
Aim, using a normal sight picture, and press the If the lower part of the trigger is pressed, the gun
will fire automatically; if the upper part is pressed, the gun will fire one shot; the trigger must be released and repressed to fire another shot.
The bolt will remain forward when the
last round has fired,
g.
The high cyclic rate of fire causes the MG34 barrels
to heat very rapidly, and provision is made for quickly changing the hot barrel for a cool one.
To change barrels, pull the
operating handle to the rear and, using gloves, press the bar-
rel jacket latch (beneath the rear sight) (fig 56) and rotate the receiver counterclockwise in relation to the barrel jacket.
106
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107
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
Loower the butt and the barrel will slide out of the jacket,
CAUTION:
It is hot--use gloves to handle it,
Insert a cool
barrel in the jacket, insuring that it is fully forward in the jacket.
BSwing the receiver over to the leff, push the operating
handle forward,
h.
To clear the MG34, press the cover latch forward and
open the cover,
tray.
and recommence firing,
Remove the ammunition belt from the feed
Pull the operating handle to the rear and inspect it to
insure that no cartridges are present in the feed tray, the re-
ceiver, or the barrel.
the cover.
Push the feed slide to the left and close
Hold the operating handle and press the trigger;
ease the operating handle forward, 106.
Fold the sights and bipod.
Disassembly and Assembly
a.
To disassemble the weapon, clear the gun (para 105h),
but do not fold the bipod or close the cover.
Press the buffer
latch (fig 54) and turn the butt counterclockwise until it springs free of the receiver. released.
CAUTION:
A strong spring is
Pull the driving spring out of the rear of the re-
ceiver if necessary.
Hold a hand over the rear of the receiver
and pull the operating handle rearward.
This will move the
bolt to the rear so that it can be grasped and removed,.
b.
Turn the bolt (fig 57) in the bolt carrier until the fir-
ing pin clicks.
There is either a knurled latch or a plunger at
the rear end of the bolt,
Press the latch in against its spring
and turn it 90°, or, if so equipped, press in the plunger; then unscrew the retainer from the rear end of the bolt and pull the
bolt forward out of the bolt carrier,
Insert the rear end of the bolt (the end from which the threaded firing pin protrudes) into the opening in the rear end of the bolt carrier.
Turn the
bolt until the shoulders of the firing pin nut mate with the opening in the bolt carrier; press the bolt inward, against spring pressure; then turn it to release the firing pin nut. Ease the bolt away from the carrier and pull the firing pin and
spring out of the bolt, c.
Lift up the latchinfront of the front sight and unscrew
the flash hider.
Remove the barrel (para 105g).
108
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109
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
d.
No further disassembly is necessary or desirable.
Thoroughly clean all of the parts, paying particular attention
to the interior of the flash hider and to the muzzle of the barrel,
Lightly oil all parts,
especially the cams in the bolt
carrier, e.
To reassemble the gun,
screw the flash hider onto the
barrel jacket and replace the barrel (para 105g).
Hold the
bolt vertical and insert the firing pin into the bolt, point first. Place the bolt carrier over the bolt and slide the carrier forward and twist it until the firing pin drops.
Remove the bolt
carrier and place the firing spring and its nut over the firing pin.
The two flats on the nut must face away from the bolt,
Place the rear end of the bolt carrier over the nut, press firmly, and twist the bolt carrier until the nut locks in place,
Reverse the bolt carrier and slide it over the bolt,
Screw the
retainer onto the firing pin and rotate the latch until it snaps
into place.
Pull the bolt forward out of the carrier until the
rollers are in line with the ribs on the bolt carrier,
f. Press the ejector (fig 57) (just above the right hand roller) forward; then, with the extractor downward, insert the bolt, with rollers leading, into the receiver.
Press the trig-
ger; the bolt will run forward if the muzzle of the gun is depressed,
Insert the driving spring into the receiver and place
the butt over the driving spring.,
Hold the butt twisted about
45° to the left and force it into the receiver against the force of the driving spring., latch snaps into place, right, 107,
Rotate the butt to the right until the Press the belt feed slide fully to the
Close the cover and fold the bipod, Functioning
a.,
The MG34 is recoil operated; every time the gun fires,
the barrel recoils inside the receiver and imparts sufficient
force to the bolt to drive it fully rearward and to compress the driving spring.
The rearward movement of the bolt also oper-
ates the feed mechanism,
b.
The firing cycle starts when the trigger is pressed and
the sear releases the bolt. The bolt, under pressure of the compressed driving springs, goes forward, and the feed rib
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FSTC-CW-07-1-69
drives a cartridge out of the slot in the feed tray and into the
chamber,
Rollers on the bolt (fig 58) and the ribs on the bolt
carrier ride in runways in the receiver; this prevents any rotary motion of the bolt.
Near the end of its forward stroke,
the rollers leave the runway and strike cam surfaces on the end of the barrel bushing,
These cams rotate the bolt slightly
until the cams (fig 57) can be acted on by the cam noses of the bolt carrier.
This rotates the bolt to its locked position,
and
a latch at the bottom rear of the barrel jacket insures that the
bolt stays locked until the barrel recoils after firing,
The ex-
tractor snaps into the groove of the cartridge case, and as the bolt carrier completes its forward movement, a ramp on its
bottom side lifts the firing pin sear (fig 57) to release the firing pin and fire the cartridge.
c.
The barrel, with the bolt locked to it, recoils within
the receiver.
The rollers of the bolt contact an opposed pair
of fixed cams in the front of the receiver. the bolt head to its unlocked position,
These cams rotate
and as the bolt head ro-
tates, it accelerates the bolt carrier to the rear by the cams on the bolt interacting on the cams of the bolt carrier,
This
action elongates the bolt unit and the bolt carrier by forcing the firing pin nut rearward and recocks the firing pin.
The
bolt carrier is accelerated and gains enough momentum to travel fully to the rear and to compress the driving spring. Whenthe bolt unlocks from it, the barrel is returned forward by action of a strong spring and plunger housed in a tunnel in the left side of the receiver, d.
The extractor withdraws the fired cartridge case from
the chamber and holds it to the bolt face until the plunger-type ejector hits a shoulder beneath the feed tray.
This shoulder
forces the ejector to protrude from the bolt face; the cartridge
is then ejected down and out of the gun, the rear until it strikes the buffer,
The bolt continues to
The compressed driving
spring then drives the bolt forward to begin another cycle. e.
The MG34 normally has a selective-fire trigger
mechanism,
A simple spring-loaded sear (fig 58) pinned to
bottom of the receiver is actuated by a spring-loaded sear
lever (fig 58) located directly to the rear of the sear.
The
sear lever, in turn, is activated by a plunger that extends
112
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
from the rear of the trigger.
As the trigger is pressed, the
rear of the disconnector (pivoted to the top front of the trig-~
ger) contacts the plunger; this causes the sear lever to pivot to force the sear down and release the bolt. f.
If the lower or automatic fire section of the trigger is
pressed, the small auxiliary trigger (fig 58) pivots to clear a stop shoulder on the frame.
The plunger actuates the sear
lever, and as the bolt runs forward, it forces the disconnec-
tor (fig 58) down and the trigger moves slightly rearward. The square shoulder of the plunger then seats against the rear of the trigger and holds the sear lever in its pivoted position, and because the sear lever holds the sear depressed, the gun continues to fire until the trigger is released.
When this
occurs, the trigger with the disconnector moves forward and the plunger, because it no longer rests against the disconnector,
moves forward under the influence of the sear-lever
spring (as the sear lever rotates) and allows the sear to rise to intercept the bolt and halt the firing cycle, g.
When the upper or semiautomatic position of the
trigger is pressed, the trigger moves rearward, but the aux-
iliary trigger in the lower position contacts a shoulder on the trigger housing and limits the distance the trigger moves. The disconnector again moves the plunger rearward to actuate
the sear level, but when the bolt depresses the disconnector, the trigger does not move any further rearward,
The plunger
is held in position against the sear level only by the disconnector; when the bolt runs forward, to pivot,
it causes the disconnector
and the sear lever forces the plunger forward under
the disconnector.
The sear rises (as the sear lever moves)
and intercepts the bolt, thus the gun fires only one shot,
To
fire a second shot, the trigger is released and the disconnector moves forward off the front end of the plunger and swings down into position in front of the plunger,
Trigger pressure
will now repeat the action outlined above and fire another
shot,
h.
A lever lies alongside the trigger.
This lever pre-
vents the sear from rising until the trigger is fully released in automatic fire and thus prevents sear breakage.
If the
trigger is released just after the bolt is released by the sear,
113
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
the front end of the lever swings into position to block forward movement of the depressed disconnector, and the rear end
blocks the forward movement of the plunger.
The sear lever,
because its movement is blocked by the plunger, holds the sear down,
and the gun makes one additional cycle.
On the
final cycle, the disconnector (which raised up when the bolt recoiled on the previous shot) and the trigger move under the lever,
and when the disconnector is depressed by the forward
moving bolt, it makes the rear of the lever pivot and unblock the plunger.
The plunger is now free i{o move forward under
the influence of the sear lever, and it allows the sear to rise, which stops the firing cycle. i.
its end.
The safety is simply a shaft with a cutaway position on
When set for firing, the cutaway is under the front
end of the sear and the sear can be depressed.
When on safe,
the solid section of the shaft blocks the sear and the gun cannot be fired.
j.
The recoil and counter-recoil movement of the bolt
operates the feed mechanism.
A long,
curved belt-feed lever,
pivoted at the rear end of the cover, has a rib running along its length,
This rib fits between two wedge-shaped actuators
at the top rear of the bolt carrier (fig 57). As the bolt moves rearward in recoil (in a straight line), the actuators cause the front of the curved belt-feed lever to move sideways.
The
belt-feed lever, in furn, operates an intermediate feed lever;
this lever (fig 58) fits into the belt-feed slide and moves the slide back and forth,
A spring-loaded feed pawl mounted on
the slide rides on the ammunition belt and feeds it into the gun. A pair of nonreciprocating holding pawls in the cover, on each side of the feed slide, prevent the belt from moving outward
with the feed slide.
A pair of spring-loaded cartridge hold-
downs force the cartridge into the slot of the feed tray so the cartridge can be picked up by the forward moving bolt. 108,
Accessories
a.
Many accessories are available for the MG34, but be-
cause of the age of these guns and the number of hands most of them have passed through, most of them will not be available, Normally, only extra ammunition belts and containers and spare barrels are available, 114
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
SPARE AMMO CONTAINERS
Figure 59.
b.
MG34 on AA tripod.
The antiaircraft tripod is used,
for antiaircraft fire.
To use,
as its name implied,
spread its legs, lift the rear
sight of the MG34, and invert the gun.
Set the inverted gun on
the tripod so its rear mount adapter is aligned with the mount of the tripod.
Twist the gun upright and pull out on the lock
until the gun is fully seated.
Release the lock.
If the anti-
aircraft ring sight is available, insert its stem into the socket on the barrel jacket and twist it until the sight locks into place.
Lift the rear antiaircraft sight into position from the
rear sight leaf (fig 59).
115
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
E.
THE GERMAN 7. 92-MM MG42 LIGHT MACHINEGUN
109.
General
a.
The MG42 was developed in Germany during World
War Il as a replacement for the complex, temperamental, expensive MG34.
and
Like the MG34, the MG42 is belt fed and
recoil operated, but the MG42 is constructed largely from stamped sheet metal as contrasted to the intricately forged and machined MG34.
The MG42 gave excellent performances
from the sandy tropic deserts to the cold snowy north lands. It is a simple, uncomplicated, and fairly trouble free machinegun.
b.
The MG42 is usually fired from its bipod, but a tubu-
lar tripod capable of being opened up for antiaircraft fire is sometimes issued.
A special feed cover,
rarely found now,
allowed a saddle-drum magazine to be used in lieu of the belt feed.
c.
The MG42 production halted at the end of World War
II, but in 1959 the weapon was again produced by the Rheinmetall Corporation of West Germany.
d.
The Rheinmetall gun is known either by its commer-
cial designation of MG42/59 or by the West German military designation of MG1 (fig 60). the MG1:
There are several variations of
The original MG1 was almost identical to the old
MG42; the MG1Al was chambered for the 7.62 x 51-mm NATO cartridge and had a chromeplated barrel bore; the MG1A2 has a number of minor modifications and can be fed with either the
German 50-section belt or US M13 links; the MG1A3 also has a number of minor changes, plify production.
most of which were made to sim-
The Yugoslavs also produce a copy of the
original MG42 in 7. 92 x 57-mm; they call their gun the SARAC
M1953,
The MG42/59 is used by Austria, Denmark, Spain,
West Germany, and Italy (the latter two countries also manufacture the gun); many smaller nations also use one or another version of the MG42,
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e.
The origin of the gun can be determined by the re-
ceiver markings, which are normally found in the left side of the receiver just ahead of the buttstock.
f.
The original MG42 had a very high cyclic rate, about
11-1200 rounds per minute, but by exchanging some parts,
the MG42/59 and MG1 series can be set to fire either 550 or 950 rounds per minute.
The modern versions are used in
tanks and armored personnel carriers as well as by infantry, The World War II MG42, post-war MG1,
and SARAC M1953
guns fire the 7,92 x 57-mm cartridge; the MG42/59, the MG1A1l, and successor series fire the 7,62 x 51-mm NATO cartridge (sec V). 110,
Technical Data
Technical data concerning the MG42 and its variants are given
in table VII, 111,
Operation
a.
Load the cartridges into the belt, as described in
paragraph 105a.
If the gun is an MG1A2 or later modifica-
tion, ammunition, belted with US M13 links such as those used in the US M60 machinegun can be used.
b.
Grasp the operating handle (fig 60), pull it fully rear-
ward, and then thrust it forward.
anism.
This cocks the gun's mechPress the safety (fig 60) fully to the left to lock the
gun in its safe position. c.
If the gun is an MG42 or an SARAC M1953, press in
the bipod latch (fig 61) and pull the bipod down into position; its legs will spring apart automatically.
All other guns have
a spring clamp to hold the bipod; simply pull the bipod away from the receiver,
d.
If the feed belt does not have a feed tab (fig 55), the
cover must be opened.
Press the cover catch (fig 60) forward
and swing the cover up and forward.
Place the belt so that the
first cartridge rests against the stop (fig 61) in the feed tray and the belt or link is between the stop and inner rear edge of the feed tray.
Close the cover.
The barrel should be changed
118
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
COVER'
(OPEN);
W oareeL cover
J oK
Figure 61.
|
ypop aTcH
MGA42 barrel change.
after each 150 rounds (three belt sections) of continuous fire, To change barrels, pull the operating handle to the rear,
Push forward on the barrel-cover lock (fig 61) until the barrel cover swings out,
The rear end of the barrel will be pulled
out of the receiver, and it can then be easily removed to the rear.
CAUTION:
It may be hot.
Thrust a cool barrel into the
jacket as far as it will go and close the barrel cover.
Insure
that the barrel cover lock is caught, push the operating handle forward, and recommence fire, e.
To clear or unload the gun, pull the operating handle
to the rear, press the safety to the left, and open the cover
(para 111d). Lift the belt and any empty links from the feed tray. Remove the barrel (g above), inspect it to insure that no cartridges are present, and replace the barrel.
Inspect to
insure that no cartridges are present in the feed tray or receiver, and close the cover.
Press the safety to the right,
grasp the operating handle, press the trigger, bolt forward.
and ease the
Close the ejection port cover under the receiver
by pressing it up against the ejection port.
119
Reset the safety
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
to the left, fold the front and rear sights down, bipod legs together,
squeeze the
and fold the bipod to the rear until it
locks to the receiver, 112,
Disassembly and Assembly
a.
To disassemble the weapon, clear the gun, (para 11le)
but do not fold the bipod; leave the safety pushed to the right. Leave the cover open,
b.
Press the butt catch (fig 60) and rotate the butt while
pushing it in against the force of the driving spring.
The butt
will disengage from the receiver; ease the butt away from the receiver.
c.
Pull the driving spring out of the receiver,
Holding a hand over the opening at the rear end of the
receiver, grasp the operating handle, give it a sharp jerk rearward,
and then push it forward.,
This action moves the
bolt to the rear in the receiver; the bolt can be grasped and pulled out of the receiver.
d.
Pull the locking rollers (fig 63) to the side in the bolt
head; then twist the bolt head counterclockwise until it is free
of the bolt body.
The ejector actuator, locking cam, and firing Note:
pin can now be removed from the disassembled bolt.
Some MG1 series guns have a powerful spring housed in the
bolt body; use care when twisting the bolt head. e.
Lift the recoil-booster latch (fig 60) and unscrew the
recoil booster; thoroughly clean it of carbon and firing resi-
due.
Remove the barrel (para 111g) and thoroughly clean it.
Reinstall the barrel and screw the recoil booster back onto the front of the receiver, f.
To reassemble the gun, insert the flat end of the firing
pin into the locking cam and place the locking cam into the
bolt head.
Slip the ejector actuator into the bolt body.
If the
bolt has an MG1 type spring and plunger, install these parts with the plunger towards the narrow end of the ejector actua-
tor.
Place the bolt head over the bolt body and twist the bolt
head so that the extractor is in line with the double projections
(fig 62) on the bolt body.
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g.
Insert the assembled boilt into the receiver, extractor
down; pull the trigger and push the bolt as far forward as pos-
sible.,
Insert the driving spring into the receiver and use the
spring to push the bolt fully home. the driving spring.,
Slip the buffer (fig 62) into
Hold the butt twisted to 90° and insert its
threaded section into the receiver; rotate the butt until thebutt catch snaps into place.
to the left. 113.
Close the cover and press the safety
Fold the bipod.
Functioning
a.
The MG42 is recoil operated (para 107a).
b.
The firing cycle starts when the trigger is pressed and
the sear releases the bolt. forces the bolt forward,
The compressed driving spring
and as it goes, the feed rib on top of
the bolt forces a cartridge from the belt into the chamber, UNLOCKED
LOCKED
c.
There is
a locking
roller (fig 64-3) on each side of the bolt head (fig 64-4); rails on the inside of the re-
ceiver hold the rollers in their inner position until the bolt head enters the barrel
extension (fig 64-1).
After
the bolt head enters the barrel extension, the locking cam
(fig 64-5) forces the locking rollers outward and into the locking recesses in the barrel
Figure 64. MG42 bolt functioning.
extension,
The firing pin is
carried in the locking cam,
and after the locking rollers are engaged with the barrel extension, the cam drives the fir-
ing pin into the primer of the cartridge and fires the cartridge. d.
The barrel, with the bolt locked to it, recoils within
the receiver, compressing the barrel return and driving
springs.
After a short (1/3-inch) travel, the locking rollers
contact fixed cams (fig 64-2) in the receiver.
These cams
force the locking rollers inward; the rollers in turn force the
123
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
locking cam, with the firing pin, rearward.
When the rollers
disengage from the barrel extension, the barrel return spring
drives the barrel forward to its original position; the unlocked bolt continues to the rear.
The extractor withdraws the fired
cartridge from the chamber and holds it to the bolt face.
The
bolt continues to the rear until the ejector actuator (fig 63) strikes the buffer.
This action forces the ejector out through
the top of the bolt face and causes the cartridge case to pivot around the extractor and to be expelled from the bottom of the gun.
The bolt body then strikes the buffer and all rearward
movement stops.
e.
The driving spring now forces the bolt forward to re-
peat the firing cycle, or if the trigger has been released, to be intercepted by the sear and thus to interrupt the firing
cycle. TRIGGER PIVOT
f.
Thetrigger mechanism
(fig 65A) of the MG42is simple. When the trigger is pressed, it pivots around its pin, and the rear of the trigger applies pressure to the front underside of the sear.
This causes
the sear to swing about its
pin, and the rear of the sear depresses and releases the
bolt,
g.
The sear release is
mounted on the front upper end
of the trigger,
and when the
trigger is pressed, the sear
catch is pulled down out of the
Figure 65. MGA42 trigger mechanism.
path of the bolt.,
When it is
fully depressed, the sear is held depressed, even when the trigger is released, because
the sear catch swings forward over lugs on the front of the sear
(fig 65B).
When the trigger is released, the sear release rises
up (fig 65C) into the path of the bolt; the bolt, going rearward, rocks the sear release to the rear, which releases the sear.
124
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
This action prevents the partial engagement of sear and bolt that, if the trigger were slowly released, might occur and cause chipping or breaking of the sear or bolt, when fully released,
cycle.
The sear,
intercepts the bolt and halts the firing
The safety is a simple push button that, when on safe,
interposes a solid block under the tail of the sear and prevents the sear from being depressed.
When at fire, a slot in the
safety permits the tail of the sear to move downward and the trigger can be depressed to fire the gun,
h.
The feed mechanism works exactly like the feed
mechanism of the older MG34 (para 107j).
The feed lever is
channeled rather than ribbed, and the actuators of the MG34 bolt have been replaced by a roller that fits into the channel on the MG42.,
The MG42 has no holding pawls; the cartridge
hold-downs serve this purpose, 114,
Accessories
a.
Accessories for the MG42 and MG1 series guns are
numerous.
A heavy tripod that allows the gun to be used in a
heavy machinegun role is available; the use of this tripod
should be avoided because of the involved training necessary to use this mount effectively, b.
Spare barrels, ammunition belts, and ammunition
boxes normally will be available,
In addition,
a sling and a
ruptured cartridge extractor are usually used.
is placed in the chamber,
The extractor
and the handle is levered rearward.
This will usually remove the remnants of the cartridge case,
F.,
THE CZECHOSLOVAK ZB37 HEAVY MACHINEGUN
115,
General
a.
The Czechoslovak ZB37 (fig 66) machinegun, a belt-
fed, gas-operated, air-cooled, selective-fire weapon with a
fast or slow rate of automatic fire, is fired from a heavy
tripod mount.
This gun was standard in the Czechoslovak
Army prior to World War II and was used by the German Army throughout the war.
In the post-war years, this weapon
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Figure 67,
British Besa tank machinegun.
has been produced for export sales and can be found in use in a number of smaller nations; occasionally, it is found in use by
by guerrilla units.
A modified version, the Besa (fig 67), was
used by the British as a tank machinegun prior to and during World War II. ZB37 is the Czech military designation for
this gun, but some are marked MG37 (t) which is the German World War II designation; both are the same weapon, but minor changes such as finned barrels will be found. b.
The ZB37 was offered in various calibers; however,
only the 7,92 x 57-mm cartridge version seems to have been
produced in quantity, 116,
Refer to section V for ammunition data.
Technical Data
Technical data concerning the ZB37 is given in table VII, 117,
Operation
a. The ZB37 uses either metallic or fabric-metallic nondisintegrating feed belts; either type of belt can be used. Load the belt by pressing a cartridge into the link until the nib at the top rear of the link snaps into the groove of the cartridge case (fig 68).
127
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b.
Mount the gun on its tripod by seating the mounting
brackets onto their seats in the mount and installing the
mounting pins (fig 69), c.
If necessary, unfold the grips of the trigger mecha-
nism by pulling them outwards and then swinging them down until they are in position.
If necessary, rotate the selector
(fig 66) from its center position. Press up the trigger mechanism catch (fig 66) and, by means of the grips, slide the entire trigger mechanism forward as far as possible.
Release
the trigger mechanism catch and vigorously pull the grips
rearward (do not touch the firing button) until the trigger mechanism latches into place.
Set the selector to its middle
or safe position.
d.
Insert the tab of the loaded belt (fig 68) into the feed
opening on the right side and vigorously yank it to the left until it stops. e.
CAUTION:
The gun is now loaded and ready to fire,
For long range firing, lift the rear sight leaf and,
after pressing the catch on the left side of the slider (fig 68) up and in, move the slide along the leaf until the upper edge of
the slide is aligned with the figure that corresponds to the range in hundreds of meters.
The left side of the leaf is
graduated for 154-grain (light) bullets and the right side is graduated for 198-grain (heavy) bullets; be sure to use the appropriate scale,
For firing at ranges to 300 meters, fold
the leaf down and use the battle leaf (fig 66). f.
Set the selector for the desired type of fire--to the left
for semiautomatic or to the right for fully automatic fire,
If
fully automatic is chosen, set the rate of fire selector (fig 66) to its upper position for the slow rate or to its lower position for the fast rate of fire.
g. button.,
Using a normal sight picture, aim and press the firing Use the grips to control the pointing of the gun. Nor-
mally, the elevating and traversing coarse adjustments should be clamped, and only the fine adjustments should be used. The gun will fire according to the type of fire selected, and when the last round is fired, the bolt will close on an empty chamber.
129
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
h.
To unload the weapon when a partial belt has been
fired, set the selector to its mid position,
swing the belt re-
lease lever at the rear of the feed opening (fig 66) to its vertical position, and pull the belt out of the gun. If the belt does not readily come out, pull the cover pin (fig 66) to the right and lift the cover; then pull the belt out.
To close the cover,
lift it slightly, press the cover catch (fig 66) to the rear, and ease the cover down.
Slide the cover pin to the left.
It may
be necessary to strike the rear of the cover with a balled fist to seat the cover. i.
To clear the gun,
set the selector to its mid position,
pull out the cover pin, and press and hold the cover catch to the rear,
Swing the cover all the way up and forward.
essary, cock the bolt (para 117c).
If nec-
Inspect to insure that no
cartridges are present in the barrel, feedway, or receiver. Close the cover by pressing and holding the cover catch to the rear and then swinging the cover closed. to the left.
Press the cover pin
Grasp the grips, and without touching the firing
button, press up on the trigger mechanism catch (fig 66), and ease the bolt and trigger mechanism forward.
Pull outward
on the grips and then swing them upward along the side of the
receiver,
Set the selector to its mid position, fold the sight
leaf, and remove the gun from the mount by pulling out the mounting pins. HANDLES FORWARD AND FOLDED
REAR MOUNT PIN
130
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
j.
The ZB37 has a very heavy barrel to absorb firing
heat, but when the barrel has fired about 500 rounds continu-
ously, it should be changed. Cock the gun (para 117c), lift the barrel handle (fig 66) until it just clears its seat, press the cover latch rearward, and slide the barrel handle fully
forward,
Lift the handle to the vertical position; the barrel
will start up, out of the barrel extension.,
and slide it forward until it is free.
Lift the barrel up
Mate the ribs {fig 70) of
a cool barrel with the tracks in the front of the receiver, and lower the barrel until it rests on the barrel extension,
Pull
the barrel to the rear until it starts to drop into place; turn the barrel handle down and pull it rearward until it snaps into its seat.
The gun is now ready to fire again,
BARREL HANDLE
COVER. s
BARRE
;
L
LOCK FRAME
&
waou
HAMMER/CAM ~
RETAINER HAE
,
£
; GUIDE
EJECTOR wer
FLASH HIDER
O—REGULATOR
%ms'CYLINDER
SLIDE \DRIVING SPRING
AND LOCK
RETAINER LOCK === CARTRIDGE STOP
o FEE
BELT "RELEASE Mg
LLEVER
Figure 70.
k.
ZB37 disassembled.
The ZB37 has an adjustable gas regulator to compen-
sate for varying quality ammunition or a fouled gun mecha-
nism.,
To adjust the gas regulator, remove the barrel (jabove)..
131
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
Press in the retainer lock and rotate the retainer (fig 70) until it is disengaged from the barrel.
Pull the rear end of
the gas cylinder (fig 70) away from the barrel until the entire gas cylinder comes free.
An index dot is on the side of the
gas cylinder, behind the elongated slot for the regulator.
The
regulator has two varied-size dots on each side; these dots indicate the relative size of the gas port in use,
the smallest dot is aligned with the index dot.
Normally,
Slide the regu-
lator sideways out of the gas cylinder and turn it so that the appropriate dot is aligned with the index dot; then slide the
regulator into place.
Place the gas cylinder into its seat in
the barrel and swing it down until the retainer seats against
the barrel.
Rotate the retainer until its lock snaps into place,
and replace the barrel in the gun, 118,
Disassembly and Assembly
a.
To disassemble the weapon, clear the gun (para 117),
but do not fold the grips or set the selector to its mid posi-
tion. Pull out the cover pin (fig 66), press back on the cover catch (fig 66), and open the cover, b.
Rotate the rate-of-fire selector (fig 67) upward and
remove the accelerator (fig 70).
Press in the knurled button
on the cartridge stop (fig 68) and lift it up off the gun,
Pull
back on the grips to cock the gun and lift the feed tray up off
the receiver.
Remove the barrel (para 117j); then swingthe
feed cover fully forward and remove it. c.
Hold the grips and,
nism catch,
after pressing the trigger mecha-
ease the bolt forward,
lock frame (CAUTION:
Lift up the front of the
It is under spring pressure) until
it is free; then pull it out of the receiver.
Push the driving-
spring guide forward and lift it and the spring out of the receiver, d.
Pull the slide rearward in the lock frame until it
is completely out; then move the bolt rearward on the slide
until it can be lifted off.
Press downward on the firing-pin
retainer until the firing pin and its spring come out of the bolt,
Lift the belt feed lever (fig 70) out of the receiver,
132
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
e.
Turn the right grip up to a 45° angle; set the selector
to the right; while pressing the firing button, pull the trigger
mechanism rearward until it stops.
Release the button, 1ift
the firing mechanism catch, and pull the mechanism further rearward,
off the gun,
f.
No further disassembly is necessary or desirable,
g.
To reassemble the gun after cleaning it, insert the
belt feed lever back into the receiver.
Place the firing pin
back into the bolt; press the pin forward against its spring; then press the retainer back into place.
h.,
Slip the hooks at the bottom front of the bolt over their
rails on the slide and shove the bolt as far forward as possible.
Insert the assembled bolt and slide into the barrel ex-
tension.,
Place the driving-spring guide and driving spring in
place in the receiver and slide them to the rear until they seat against the rear wall.,
the slide.
Slip the driving spring into the hole in
Holding the bolt, slide, and lock frame at an
angle, force them rearward and downward until they seat in the receiver.
The belt feed lever may have to be turned until
it seats in its cam groove in the slide; push the piston rearward against the spring to ascertain that the belt feed lever does function and move.
i,
Align the trigger mechanism with its grooves in the
receiver and shove it forward until it stops.
Mate the feed
cover with the trunnions on the top of the receiver; then close the cover, cock the gun, and open the cover.
Place the feed
tray on the receiver, insuring that the stud of the feed slide fits into the opening in the belt feed lever.
Slide the cartridge
stop into place, replace the accelerator, and close the cover,
Replace the barrel (para 117). 119,
Functioning
a.
The ZB37 is gas operated; refer to paragraph 89a for
basic details,
b.
When the gun is cocked, i.e., when the sear holds the
slide to the rear against the pressure of the driving spring and
133
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134
FSTC-CW-07-1-69
a loaded belt is in position in the feedway, pressure on the
firing button will cause the sear to release the slide.
The
compressed driving spring forces the slide and bolt forward. The bolt is nestled down on the slide and held in position by a
pair of guides (fig 68) on the cover.
As the bolt goes forward,
a rib on top of it drives a cartridge out of the belt and into the
chamber.
Just before the bolt strikes the end of the barrel,
the extractor snaps into the rim of the cartridge and a stud inside the barrel extension starts the rear end of the bolt up-
ward,
The locking cam on the slide (fig 71) continues to force
the rear of the bolt upward until it is fully locked in the barrelextension locking shoulder.
The slide continues forward until
the front of the hammer/cam (fig 71) strikes the firing pin and fires the cartridge. c.
The bullet, under pressure of the propellent gas,
travels down the barrel, port,
and after the bullet passes the gas
some of the gases flow through the gas port and regula-
tor into the gas cylinder.
Here the gas forces the piston and
slide rearward and compresses the driving spring. short,
free,
After a
rearward travel, the rear of the hammer cam
contacts the bolt and pulls it down out of engagement with the barrel extension. one unit.
The bolt and slide now travel to the rear as
The extractor pulls the fired cartridge out of the
chamber and holds it to the bolt face until the ejector fixed to
the cartridge stop (fig 70) strikes the cartridge and expels it from the gun.
The slide strikes either the buffer on the
driving-spring guide or the accelerator and then stops.
The
driving spring drives the slide forward to repeat the cycle. d.
(fig 72).
In the bottom of the slide there is a slow S groove
A lug on the lower arm of the belt feed lever rides
in this groove, and as the slide reciprocates, the groove
moves the lower arm (figs 70 and 72) from one side of the receiver to the other.
This movement is transmitted to the
upper arm of the lever via the shaft of the belt feed lever, This arm is mated to the belt feed slide, and as the lever moves, the slide is given the in-and-out motion necessary to in-feed the belt,
A spring-loaded pawl on the belt feed slide
allows the pawl to depress and pass under the incoming cartridge as the pawl moves outward.
A spring-loaded holding
pawl in the cover (fig 68) prevents the outward movement of the belt as the feed pawl moves,
135
FEED TRAY
BELT FEED PAWL
SLOT
UPPER ARM
SHAFT
~—
BELT FEED LEVER STUD
SN SLOW St CAM IN SLIDE Figure 72,
e.
LOWER ARM
ZB37 feed mechanism.
The accelerator (fig 68) can be moved into or out of
position to be hit by the recoiling slide; when the accelerator is swung down to its lower position, the slide strikes the front of the accelerator and compresses the strong spring within
the accelerator.
When this spring expands, extra speed is
added to the slide, thus accelerating the firing cycle. f.
The barrel and barrel extension, which can recoil
within the receiver, are held forward by a strong spring.
The
recoil and counter-recoil of the barrel and extension are balanced and tuned so as to reduce the firing sheck and stresses to a minimum.
g. By rotating a selector on the rear of the trigger button, the trigger mechanism can be set both for fully automatic or semiautomatic firing and for safe. When the mechanism is set for semiautomatic fire (fig 73), rotation of the selector allows the disconnector to tilt upward.
The discon-
nector moves forward when the trigger button is pressed forward, and when this happens, the forward end of the discon-
nector bears against the lower arm of the sear and causes the sear to rotate and release the slide.
As the slide goes for-
ward, it strikes the upper projection of the disconnector and
forces the whole disconnector to swing downward,
When the
disconnector contacts the sear, it does so just above a large hole in the lower arm of the sear; when the disconnector is
136
FSTC-CW-07-1-869
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