Sacred Buildings: A Design Manual 9783764382766

Table of contents :
Preface
Church Architecture Past and Present
Faith and Religion in the Present Day
Historicism versus Modernity
The Church in the City
Ecclesiastic Architecture from the 4th to the 19th Century
The Development of Modern Church Architecture
At the Beginning of the 21st Century
The Sacred and its Relevance for Church Architecture Today
Synagogue Architecture in the Recent Past and Present
Synagogue Architecture in the 20th Century
Pioneering New Buildings from Louis Kahn to Mario Botta
The Design of the Synagogue Space
A Theory of Synagogue Design
Architectonic Symbols in Germany
Tradition over Experimentation in the United States
Mosque Architecture Past and Present
The Formation and Expansion of Islam
The Mosque as the Centre of Religious Life
The Four Types of Mosques
20th-Century Mosque Architecture in the Islamic World
20th-Century Mosque Architecture in the Nations of the Diaspora
The Spatial Programme and Arrangement of Modern-Day Mosques
Acoustics in Sacred Buildings
The Sound of Space as a Symbol of the Sacred
Architectural Acoustics - The Conflict between Resonance and Clarity
Sound and Sound Propagation
Geometric Analysis
Reflection and Diffraction
Reverberation Time and Absorption
The Number of People
Materials
Special Aspects of Acoustics in Sacred Spaces
Acoustic Analysis
Light in Sacred Buildings Eva-Maria Kreuz
Light in Churches
Light in Synagogues
Light in Mosques
Churches
AXIAL PLAN
Church Centre
Saint Joseph’s Church
Ravnsbjerg Church
Bagsvaerd Church
Church of the Resurrection of Mary
Thorncrown Chapel
Myyrmäki Church
Church and Chapel in Parque de San Francisco
Brother Claus Church
Sogn Benedetg Chapel
Chapel of the Light
St Florian’s Church
Tornbjerg Church
Engøj Church
Dunaújváros Church
Santa Maria Church
Chapel of St Ignatius
Christus Pavilion
Chapel for a Country Estate and Hunting Lodge
Santa Maria Josefa Church
St Clara Church
CENTRALISED PLAN
Church of Our Lady of Lourdes
Florence Hollis Hand Chapel, Mount Vernon College
Morley Central Methodist Church Annexe
Quaker Meeting House, Blackheath
St John the Baptist Church
Glaubten Reformed Church
Höör Chapel
Rudolf-Alexander-Schröder House
St Peter’s Chapel
Church of Santa Teresa de Jesus
Maranatha Moluccan Church
Paper Church
Oratory of San Bartolomeo
Place of Contemplation
St Ireneo Church
Chapel of Reconciliation
Donau City Church
Our Lady of the Pentecost Church
Church of St Francis
Kärsämäki Church
LARGE CHURCHES
Korean Presbyterian Church
Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels
Padre Pio Pilgrimage Church
DOUBLE CHURCHES
Christ Church
Church of Reconciliation
Church of St Maria Magdalena
MONASTERIES AND CONVENTS
Franciscan Convent Roosenberg
House of Silence at Königsmunster Benedictine Abbey
Cistercian Monastery Our Lady of Nový Dvůr
SYNAGOGUES
Gates of the Groves Synagogue
Temple Kol Ami
Cymbalista Synagogue
Duisburg Jewish Community Centre
Dresden Synagogue
MOSQUES
Mosque of Jondishapour University
Sherefudin’s White Mosque
Dar AI Islam Mosque
Al Furusia Mosque
Bin Madiya Mosque
Islamic Cultural Center of New York
Mosque of Rome
Lisbon Ismaili Centre
CREMATORIA AND CHAPELS OF REST
Chapel of Rest, Am Fließtal Cemetery
Chapels of Rest, Skovshoved Church
Funeral Chapel, Maulburg Cemetery
Hill of the Winds Crematorium
Baumschulenweg Crematorium
Chapel St Mary of the Angels
APPENDIX
Bibliography
Authors
Index of Names
Index of Places
Illustration Credits

Citation preview

SACRED BUILDINGS - A DESIGN MANUAL

A DESIGN MANUAL

Sacred Buildings Rudolf Stegers

CO NTRIBUTIO NS BY

Dorothe a Bauma nn Neg ar Hak im Roman Hol len stei n Eva-Maria Kreu z Chr is ti na Nieders ta t ter

Birkhauser Basel. Bost o n - Be rlin

Layout and cover de sign : Oliver Kleins chmidt , Berlin

Translation from German Julian Reisenberge r, Wei mar edite d by Jasmin e Benyamin, Princet on Coordination: Sabine Bennecke, Berlin

Lithography: Licht & Tiefe, Berlin Printin g: Medialis, Berlin Cover: Ciste rcian Monastery Our l ady of NOVY Dvur . Iohn Pawso n Photographer: Ste pan Bartos, Pard ub ice, Czechia

This book is also available in a German language ed ition: (ISBN 978-3-7643-6684-1) Bibliographic information published by Die Deutsche Nationalbibl iothek The Deut sche Natio nal bibliot hek lists this publi cat ion in t he Deutsche Nationalbibliogr afie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the internet at htt p://dn b.dd b.de. Library of Congress Control Number: 2008923381 This work is subject to copyright. All right s are rese rved, whether the whole or part of the ma terial is conc erned, specifically the rig hts of translation, reprinting, re-use of illu strations , recitation , broadcasting, rep rodu ction on mic rofilm s or in other ways,

and storage in data bases. For any kind of us e, perm ission of the copyright owner m us t be obtained.

© 2008 Birkhau serVeriag AG P.O.Box 133,CH-4010 Basel, Swit zerland Part of Springe r Science- Business Media Printed o n acid-free paper produced from chlo rine-free pul p. TCF cc Printed in Germ any ISBN 978-3-7643-6683-4 www.birkha user.c h 987 654 32 1

Principles of Sacred Buildings

9

Preface

10 Church Architecture Past and Present Rudolf Stegers Faith and Religion in the Present Day / Historicism versus Modernity / The Church in the City / Ecclesiastic Architecture from the ath to the 19th Century / The Development of Modern Church Architecture / At the Beginning of the zist Century / The Sacred and its Relevance for Church Architecture Today

38

Synagogue Architecture in the Recent Past and Present Roman HoHenstein Synagogue Architecture in the zoth Century / Pioneering New Buildings from Louis Kahn to Mario Botta / The Design of the Synagogue Space / A Theory of Synagogue Design / Architectonic Symbols in Germany /Tradition over Experimentation in the United States

46

Mosque Architecture Past and Present NegarHakim The Formation and Expansion of Islam / The Mosque as the Centre of Religious Life / The Four Types of Mosques / zoth-Century Mosque Architecture in the Islamic World / 20th-Century Mosque Architecture in the Nations of the Diaspora / The Spatial Programme and Arrangement of Modern-Day Mosques

54

Acoustics in Sacred Buildings Dorothea Baumann and Christina Niederstatter The Sound of Space as a Symbol of the Sacred / Architectural Acoustics - The Conflict between Resonance and Clarity / Sound and Sound Propagation / Geometric Analysis / Reflection and Diffraction / Reverberation Time and Absorption / The Number of People / Materials / Special Aspects of Acoustics in Sacred Spaces / Acoustic Analysis

60

Light in Sacred Buildings Eva-Maria Kreuz Light in Churches / Light in Synagogues / Light in Mosques

Selection of Projects CHURCHES

AXI AL PL AN 70

Church Centre Bjuv Bengt Blasberg, Henrik [ais-Niels en

100

Tornbjerg Church Odens e Fogh & Folner Arkit ektfirma 102

CEN T RALISE D PL A N 118

Church of Our Lady of Lourdes Navaro ns di Spilimbergo Glauco Gresl er i, Silvano Varnier

Enghej Church 72

Saint Joseph's Church Manik at a Richard Eng lan d 74

Ravnsbjerg Ch u rch Viby C. F. Moilers Tegn es t u e

Randers Henning Larsens Tegnestu e 104

Dunaujvaros Church Tamas Nagy

122

Florence Hollis Hand Chapel, Mount Vernon College Washingt on D.C. Hartman Cox Architec ts 124

Santa Maria Church Marco de Canaveses Alva ro Siza

Morley Central Methodist Church Annexe Leeds Jame s N. Thorp

108

128

Chapel of St Ignatius Seattle Stev en Holl Architects

Quaker Meeting House, Blackheath Lo nd on Trevor Dan natt

110

130

Thorncrown Chapel Eure ka Springs E. Fay Jones

Christus Pavilion Han over vo n Gerkan, Marg und Partner gm p, Joachim Zais

St John the Baptist Church Homberg Rainer Disse

82

112

76

Bagsvserd Church Copenhagen Jam Utzon 78

Church of the Resurrection of Mary Riola di Vergato Alvar Aalto 80

106

146

Paper Church Kobe Shige ru Ban Arch itects 148

Oratory of San Bartolomeo Brissago Raffael e Cavad in i 150

Place of Contemplation be twee n Altdor f an d Erstfeld Gu ignard & Saner Archi te kt en 152

St Ireneo Church Cesano Boscone Mau ro Gala n ti no 154

Chapel of Reconciliation Berlin Reitermann I Sassenr oth Archi te kte n 156

Donau City Church Vienna Studio Hein zTe sa r

132

Myyrrnaki Church Vantaa [uha Leiviska

Chapel for a Country Estate and Hunting Lodge Vall eaceron Sanch o-Mad rid ejos S-M.A.O.

86

Church and Chapel in Parque de San Francisco Alma zan Francisco Javier Bellosillo Arnun at egui 90

Brother Claus Church Graz Szyszkow it z Kowalski 94

Sogn Benedetg Chapel Somvix Pete r Zu mt h or 96

Chapel of the Light lba raki Tadao And o Archi t ects and Associates 98

St Florian's Church Aigen im Enns ta l Vol ker Gien cke

114

San t a Maria [osefa Church Rom e Garofalo Miura Architetti 116

St Clara Church Kongsvinger Hille Str an ds kogen Arkite kte r

Glaubten Reformed Church Zurich Rudolf und Esthe r Guyer 134

HiiiirChapel Bernt Nyberg 136

Rudolf-Alexander-Schriider House Bergen am Chiemsee Theodor Hugu es 138

St Peter's Chapel Cam pos do [ordao Pau lo Arch ias Mendes da Rocha 142

Church of Santa Teresa de Jesus Tres Cantos A. Perea Ortega, J. Franco Lopez, J. M. Palao Nun ez 144

Maranatha Moluccan Church Deventer Aldo and Hannie vall Eyck

158

Our Lady of the Pentecost Church Paris At elier Fran ck Harnmout ene Archi te cte 160

Church of St Francis Steyr Riepl Riepl Archi te kte n 162

Karsarnaki Church Anssi Lassil a

MOSQUES

LARGE CHURCHES

MONASTERIES A ND CONVENTS

164

182

Korean Presbyterian Church New York City D. Garofalo, G. Lynn, M. Mcinturf

Franciscan Convent Roosenberg Waasmunster Hans van der Laan

168

184

Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels lose Rafael Moneo

House of Silence at Konigsmunster Benedictine Abbey Meschede Peter Kulka, Konst antin Pichler

170

Padre Pio Pilgrimage Church San Giovanni Rotondo Renzo Piano BuildingWorkshop

186

Cistercian Monastery Our Lady of Novy Dvitr Tepla John Pawson

204

214

Mosque ofJondishapour University Ahvas Kamran T. Diba

Bin Madiya Mosque Dubai Alexandros N. Tornbazis and Associates Architects

206

Sherefudin's White Mosque Visoko Zlatko Ugljen

216

Islamic Cultural Center of New York Skidmore Owings & Merrill SOM, Swanke Haden Connell

210

Dar Al Islam Mosque Abiquiu Hassan Fathy

218

212

220

Al Furusia Mosque Doha Anwar Atta

Lisbon Ismaili Centre Raj Rewal and Associates

Mosque of Rome P. Portoghesi, V.Gigliotti, S. Moussawi

DOUBLE CHURCHES 174

Christ Church Langendorf Manuel Pauli

CREMATORIA AND CHAPELS OF REST

176

Church of Reconciliation Potsdam