S. Ephraemi Syri, Rabulae Episcopi Edesseni, Balaei, Aliorumque Opera Selecta: Selected Works of St. Ephraem the Syrian, Rabbula, Bishop of Edessa, and Balai 9781463212155

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S. E P H R A E M I SYRI, RABULAE E P I S C O P I E D E S S E N I , BALAEI, A L I O R U M Q U E O P E R A SELECTA

S. Ephraemi Syri, Rabulae Episcopi Edesseni, Balaei, Aliorumque Opera Selecta Selected Works of St. Ephraem the Syrian, Rabbuia, Bishop of Edessa, and Baiai

J. JOSEPHUS OVERBECK

LATIN MATERIAL TRANSLATED BY HIDEMI TAKAHASHI

GORGIAS PRESS

2007

First Gorgias Press Edition, 2007 The special contents of this edition are copyright © 2007 by Gorgias Press LLC

All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise without the prior written permission of Gorgias Press LLC. Published in the United States of America by Gorgias Press LLC, New Jersey

This edition is a facsimile reprint of the original edition published by the Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1865 The original copy from which this edition was made belonged once to the library of St. Mark Monastery, Jerusalem. Hand corrections (e.g., pp.182, 335, 399) by a reader are maintained. ISBN 978-1-59333-517-5

GORGIAS PRESS 46 Orris Ave., Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA www.gorgiaspress.com

The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standards. Printed in the United States of America

VIRO

JULIO

ILLUSTRISSIMO

HENRICO

PETERMANN

S. THEOLOGIAE EX PHILOSOPHIAE DOCTOR! IN L1TERARUM UNIVERSITATE BEROLINENSI

PROFESSORI

ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARUM REGIAE BEROLINENSIS SOCIO ORDINARIO ACADEMIAE ARMENIACAE MECHITHARISTARUM

ETC. SODALI

PRAECEPTORI D1LECTISSIMO

HUNC

ANIMI

GRATI

LIBRUM

TESTIMONIUM

D. D. D.

EDITOR.

To the illustrious Julius Heinrich Petermann, Doctor in Sacred Theology and Philosophy, Professor in the University of Berlin, Ordinary Member of the Royal Berlin Academy of Sciences, Member of the Armenian Academy of Mechitarists etc., my beloved teacher, this book is dedicated as a testimony of a grateful mind by the Editor.

PREFACE

In writing the preface to this book, I have no more pressing duty than to render my utmost thanks to the Delegates of the Oxford University Press for their willingness to support and promote with their well-known kindness and generosity the publication of a work which greatly commends itself by the antiquity of its origin as well as the gravity of the matter and the prestige of the authors. I believe that the project of publishing the unedited writings of St. Eplirem was not undertaken without purpose, for that man, who is most to be commended not only for the soundness of his teaching and the sanctity of his life, but also for the felicity of his poetic genius and the depth of his erudition, is rightly called the First of the Syriacs, Doctor of the Church and Doctor of the School. May this addition, therefore, to the well-known work of Assemani 1 be received not altogether without welcome. While seeking out the hitherto unedited parts in the manuscripts, one should not let go the opportunity to revise already edited texts where one has recourse to old manuscripts which have not yet been collated. For this reason, I thought it not beyond the scope of my undertaking to present a new recension of the Testament of St. Eplirem, that is to say, to present the text of a given manuscript complete and unaltered and to attach the variant readings of the other manuscripts. I am not so well versed in the art of the critical edition as to be able to concoct out of several manuscripts a new text which never existed before and which the original author more often than not would refuse to acknowledge as his own work. The idea of placing conjectures into a passage of a text is so far removed from me that I hold someone who secretly inserts his own words into the text of a manuscript to be a person of bad faith, a person who prides himself on the acuity of what little intelligence he has, or a person who has given up hope of understanding what his author meant.

[translator's note] i.e. Saneti Pafris Nostri Ephraem Syri Opera omnia quae exstant: Graece, Syriace, Latine; in sex tomos distribnta ..., 6 vols., Rome, 1732-1746. The GreekLatin volumes were prepared by Joseph Simonius Assemanus [Assemani], while the Syriac-Latin volumes, begun by Petrus Benedictus [Mubarrak], was completed and published after his death by Steplianus Evodius Assemanus. 1

Ill*

IV*

PREFACE

Everyone knows the conspicuous place held in history and the role played in the Nestorian controversy by Rabbula, Bishop of Edessa, who was on intimate terms with Cyril of Alexandria. It is all the more surprising that the collection presented here is the first collection of his writings to be published. I have presented the hymns of Rabbula as they are found in the manuscripts, that is, together with those parts inscribed "[translated] from the Greek". It is probable that these sections are nothing other than translations from the Greek hymnaries (the Octoechoi), but Rabbula was perhaps their translator, since it is known that he was proficient in Greek. Not only did he speak in public "before the whole populace in the church of Constantinople" (pp. 239-244), but he also translated Cyril of Alexandria's "On the Human Nature of Our Lord" from Greek into Syriac. That translation is extant in the British Museum (Ms. Add. 14557, fol. 94-123). 2 We learn from Assemani that Chorepiscopus Balai (p. 251) was a luminary of the Syriac Church and that he composed hymns which are still recited in the divine office. Indeed we learn from the colophon (p. 334) that he was called a Doctor. This is also the first collection of his works. A few words should be said on the "Additions" from p. 339 onwards. I have included a part of the discourse "On Crucifixion" by Isaac, which in the manuscript is inscribed >1= ("of Mar Balai"), which, however, I take to refer to the metre rather than to the author, i.e. >1= ("in the metre of Mar Balai"). — The exposition On Marriage by Jacob of Sarug and John of Dara, together with Rabbula's Canons and Constitutions, will, I hope, be a welcome addition to our knowledge of the law of matrimony in the Syriac Church. — The prayers which Jacob of Sarug composed in his

[Original footnote] rsianmars? CDnl_.icvo ^ d ^ j . ra^cutW A^i r^vnr^n ^oJrv »roioK'll rd^nm^rV rsiXcvrai rdac^xnX mcnsx^ ÌA3C.O QaiSDlrfip. rdl^um^J rsi^l^) rdsixAm^XrVl rsi^>irsi\ rsiiicv. ^ am mrnaa. "Again, Treatise on the Human Nature of Our Lord, which Cyril, bishop of Alexandria, wrote to the faithful Emperor Theodosius. He sent a copy of it to holy Rabbula, bishop of Edessa, which the latter translated from Greek into Aramaic (Syriac)." In S. Cyrilli Opera [Collected Works of St. Cyril; i.e., S. P. N. Cyrilli Alexandrine archiepiscopi opera quae reperitipotuerunt omnia, cura et studio Joanis Auberti ..., PG68-77, Paris 1859-64] (V.2. [= PG69] p,185ff.), this work carries the title "De recta in D.N.J.C. fide ad Theodosium Imperatorem [On the Correct Faith in Our Lord Jesus Christ to Emperor Theodosius]" (IIpogcpcovriTiKÒg 7i£pì r f j g ò p 9 f j g niozsag); it should not be confused, therefore, with Cyril's Scholia 7i£pì r f j g evav9panr]aeaq TOG ( j o v o y s v o u g [On the Incarnation/Inhomination of the Only-Begotten], 2

PREFACE

v*

childhood and recited by heart 3 will move the reader by its simplicity, candour and ardour of spirit. — No one will doubt that Gregory Barhebraeus' "Origins of the Syriac Church", i.e. the beginning of the third part of his Chronicon, is of the greatest importance. Let them be an addition, as it were, to Cureton's "Ancient Syriac Documents relative to the earliest establishment of Christianity in Edessa . . . , " London 1864, and be a stimulus to the scholars of Syriac literature at long last to publish the whole of the Chronicon. Concerning the punctuation of the manuscripts faithfully reproduced in this book, let me refer the reader to the preface (p. viii f.) to Rev. Payne Smith's "S. Cyrilli Alexandrini Commentarium in Lucam". 4 I am hoping to finish the Latin translation of this book in a short time, and the preliminary remarks and notes on each chapter will be found in that translation. What value this book will have in promoting Syriac literature, in elucidating church history, and in vindicating the antiquity of Christian doctrine, it is not for us to judge. Finally I must not go without mentioning Dr. William Wright, the Keeper of Syriac Manuscripts in the British Museum, and Rev. Robert Payne Smith, the Regius Professor of Sacred Theology in the University of Oxford and Canon of Christchurch, formerly Sub-Librarian of the Bodleian Library, who willingly and most readily offered to collate the proofs again with the manuscripts. For these kindnesses I am happy to be able to render publicly my greatest thanks to them as my friends. At Sandhurst near Reading, 12th September, 1865.

[translator's note] "By heart" (memotiter): so Overbeck. The Syriac has "on himself' A^) at the corresponding place (see p. 382 below). 4 [translator's note] Recte: S. Cyrilli Alexandrine archiepiscopi Commentarli in l^ucae Hvangellium quae supersunt Syriace, Oxford, 1858. 3

DESCRIPTION OF MANUSCRIPTS

The manuscripts described below belong either to the British Museum (M.B.)5 or to the Bodleian Library (B.B.) Since all the British Museum manuscripts used in the preparation of this book (other than No. 17238 which is paper) are parchment manuscripts, I need not repeat this fact under the entry for each manuscript. I. M . B . A D D . 1 4 5 7 1 , FOL. 1 0 5 VERSO TO FOL. 1 1 4 (END OF MANUSCRIPT). [ 5 3 9 WRIGHT] 6

This manuscript, in octavo, written in old letters and in an elegant hand by the Edessene scribe Julian (as emerges from a note at the end of the volume), contains only the Poems (ris.'ij») of St. Eplirem, whose name is continuously mentioned, clearly and unmistakably, in the upper margins of the pages. This marginal heading of the pages was written by the first hand. From the end of the manuscript we learn that it was completed in the year 830 of the Era of Apamea. If this era is the same as the Seleucid, this takes us to the year 519 A.D. The venerable antiquity of this manuscript is indeed confirmed if we compare it with manuscript no. 12156, which, like this manuscript, is written in that elegant and characteristic Edessene script and bears the date of 562 A.D. Both manuscripts, very sparing in pointing and produced with the greatest care, point us to that prolific school of copyists or scribes which flourished at Edessa; once you know the style of that school, it is difficult not to recognize immediately any work that originates from it. Our manuscript contains the poems on the Nativity, on the Lenten fast, on the Azymes, on the Crucifixion, and the fifteen (i.e. all) hymns on Paradise. Assemani (if I may use the opportunity to mention this fact) in his

[translator's note] The manuscripts are now in the British Library. [translator's note] Added in square brackets are the numbers for each manuscript in W. Wright, Catalogue of Syriac Manuscripts in the British Museum -•Acquired since the Year 1838, London, 1870-1872 (repr. Piscataway: Gorgias Press, 2002). - For this manuscript, see also W . H P . Hatch, An Album of Dated Syriac Manuscripts, Boston, 1946 (repr. with a new foreword by L. van Rompay, Piscataway: Gorgias Press, 2002), p. 61 (Plate X). 5 6

VI*

DESCRIPTION OF MANUSCRIPTS

VII*

S. Ephraemi Opera Syriaca [Syriac Works of St. Ephrem] III, 7 pp. 562-597, followed a mutilated manuscript and gives us only twelve hymns on Paradise, omitting the last strophes of the 11th hymn and the whole of the three following hymns. Why in editing these hymns Assemani chose not to reproduce the whole work despite the fact that he mentions Codex Nitriensis VII, 8 which is reported to contain all fifteen hymns, I have no idea. These are followed by the poem on Emperor Julian, with which the scribe concludes the manuscript. That Ephrem wrote against Julian, we learn from his anonymous Life. On this passage Assemani (Bibliotheca Orientalis I. p. 51 note) says: '"Envoys came to Edessa . . . ' Since, however, we do not have the whole of the poem mentioned by him, we have good reason to suspect that actions attributed by the holy doctor to Valens were transferred by a drowsy Syrian to the time of Julian." Furthermore, we leave undecided whether those lines in heptasyllabic metre and beginning with the words cmiAn V\n-nr .cmori", which are found at the end of the Life, were authored by Ephrem, or whether they refer at all to Julian. What is certain, however, is that Ephrem composed several poems against Julian, five (four?) of which, in 90 strophes, saved from the injuries of time, we now present here for the first time to the public.

II. M.B. No. 14570, FOL. 1 VERSO TO FOL. 21. [533 WRIGHT] A complete manuscript, old, in octavo, in double columns, in what is clearly an Edessene hand. The kind of script, as well as the scarcity of pointing and the fact that words are usually written in full and verbs are rarely contracted with pronouns, seems to point us to the sixth century. The manuscript contains the first discourse to Hypatius. For the fact that Ephrem wrote a work addressed to Hypatius, four old manuscripts serve as witnesses; three of them contain either whole or part of this first discourse to Hypatius, namely this manuscript, No. 14574, and No. 14581. In the fourth, palimpsest manuscript (no. 14623), we can still clearly see the name of Hypatius in the margin of the first text on three pages. — This is followed, on fol. 21 to fol. 51, by Ephrem's Treatise on Our Lord.

III. M.B. No. 14574, FOL. 1 VERSO TO FOL. 14 VERSO, FOL. 15 TO FOL. 19 VERSO. [535 WRIGHT]

This large quarto manuscript, in somewhat large but very graceful letters, in three columns, contains two (the first and second) discourses of Ephrem to 7 8

[translator's note] Cf. footnote 1 above. [translator's note] = Vat. syr. 111.

Vili*

DESCRIPTION OF MANUSCRIPTS

Hypatius, the first complete, the second truncated at the end. Since the pointing is more copious than in the preceding manuscript, and the grammatical forms are indicative of a more recent age, we shall not be erring too far from the time of the production of the manuscript if we consider it to have been copied in the seventh century. It is to be noted that a later date seems to be ruled out not only by the shapes of the letters, but also especially by the triple columns, which is a characteristic that belongs (if I am not mistaken) to older manuscripts.

IV. M.B. No. 14581, FOL. 1 TO FOL. 3. [734

WRIGHT]

The manuscript, in large octavo, in a quite elegant writing, and very similar to No. 14570 (II) in the scarcity and distribution of pointing, appears to have a good claim to be dated to the sixth or seventh century. It contains only the first two leaves of the work addressed to Hypatius (First Treatise), the first corresponding to the part from rdii^X on p. 37, line 11, to « ' v ^ ->i p. 39, line 11, the second to page 58.

Y. M.B. No. 14623, FOL. 13 VERSO B TO FOL. 17 B, AND FOL. 22 VERSO TO FOL. 2 3 . [781 WRIGHT] 9

The palimpsest manuscript, in quarto, in double columns, in minute letters and with unduly compressed lines, was written in the year 204 of the Hijra Era. 10 It contains selected passages from the Fathers. Among other works, we find, on fol. 13 verso to fol. 17, Ephrem's rd.'io^, ^cA (i.e. i o ^ s ri.'Uj i[\cA, "to the mountain monks or cenobites", i.e. of a mountain or at Edessa? cf. Bar Hebraeus, Dyn. [History of the Dynasties] 11 X. p. 326) — or, to give the fuller title found in manuscript No. 17213, fol. 36 verso: JKCA rdliSri'o KMO^, ("to the mountain monks and ascetics"? cf. Michaelis, Chrestomathia, 12 p. 79). In my text of the Letter to the Mountain-Dwellers I have followed this manuscript, although it is more recent than No. 17213, [translator's note] See also Hatch, Album, p. 149 (Plate XCVIII). [translator's note] = 819/820 A.D. (but, as reported by Wright and Hatch, locc. citt., the manuscript is also dated Ilul 1134 Anno Graecorum = Sept. 823 A.D.). 11 [translator's note] i.e. Historia compendiosa Dynastiarum authore Gregorio A.ul-Pharagio, Malatiensi Medico, ... Arabice edita, r"

JftcAj

to

^fcv^s

ri'iftv^ri'

r.

yi\r.

P. 106.1.10. A.C.

B.

P . 106.1. 13. B.

is m i s s i n g .

P . 106.1. 21. C h a s a^cv^r«':» i n p l a c e o f P . 1 0 7 . 1. 5 . A . C . K ^ i n ^ D B . P. 107.1.11. B.C.

A^jms.

r ^ ^ r d S ^

^

P. 107.1.14. C. ^ o c n l i ^ P . 1 0 7 . 11. 1 6 , 1 7 . C . rdri=> P . 1 0 8 . 1. 1 . B . r f i U

li^

cniDOjj

W w i

cnaDS

^iiiNS

P. 109.1. 4. C. h a s A ^ L s in place o f P . 1 0 9 . 1. 1 2 . A . B .

ni^s.

^nl^nV C

mVArA^r^

^

P . 109.1. 17. C. r^iv^CTD P . 1 1 0 . 1 . 1. A . C .

B. missing.

P . 1 1 1 . 1. 4 . B . h e r e a n d a l m o s t a l w a y s w r i t e s a»\N f o r I A Q K ' . P . 111. 10. A f t e r

C. concludes the treatise with the w o r d

r., b u t A .

e x t e n d s it t o 1 . 1 7 , c o n c l u d i n g it w i t h t h e f o l l o w i n g w o r d s :

P. 111.1.14. C.

yi\r.

^

P . 1 3 7 . 1. 1. B . C . E . ( T h e t w o l a t t e r m a n u s c r i p t s , i n w h i c h t h e b e g i n n i n g o f t h e t e x t is m i s s i n g , h a v e t h i s t i t l e a t t h e e n d )

A.

D . has

a periphrasis. P . 137.11. 13, 14. I n p l a c e o f v ^ i f t ^ a u i f t P. 137.1.17. B.D.

j W A.

P . 1 3 8 . 1. 6 . C . r r f K ' A c n X

,o

fcvl^^o

n^trArC'o D . r r f ^ b

rs'jm

K'CTAK'A A .

¡(TAK'O

A^

3C7U» P . 1 3 8 . 1. 8 . A f t e r » ^ ¿ ^ i r v a A . a d d s , - ^ . o x . missing. P. 138.1. 25. A. o i \ i a D .

¿no

P . 139.1. 5. B. K i ^ V , A . A i ^ D .

^cvW

P . 139.1. 7. A . P . 139.1. 7. A .

B . ^ C V M J D . >aijjj

»Aio^siru. I n D . t h e w o r d s

are

XX*

VARIANT READINGS

P . 139.1. 9. A . r ^ A o C . D .

ndm^

P. 139.1.14. A.C.

B. Kii^cu.o

P. 139.1. 18. A . r C ^ r d ^

rcd

l A a J ^ i A . B . »-liLa^

xAcv^

P . 1 4 6 . 1 . 2 7 . C . r¿lAcva ( P a u l i n u s ) . A . B . r¿icAcva ( P a u l o n a s ) . P. 146.1. 27. C. ^ a L S

B.

^ J M ^ S

P . 1 4 7 . 1 . 1 . A f t e r Jjuni' A . B . a d d : i i u r i '

^.r^i

A^Ao (B. ^ o c t j

P . 1 4 7 . 1. 3 . C . , m . U n » 1 A . B . P . 1 4 7 . 1. 3 . C . n i ^ ^ ^

A.B.

ni^ic^M^

P . 147.1. 5. C. ^ i o r i - A .

B.

D.

j a W

P . 1 4 7 . 1. 5 . A . C . rdwOVD B . rdMicUB P . 147.1. 8. C. c^aujri'o (for e v e n s ' o P . 1 4 7 . 1 . 8. C . nt^ifcvD A .

"Anomoei"?)

O i ^

P . 1 4 7 . 1. 9 . C . r d n m i a i A . c v i i n H i ^ a P. 147.1. 10. C. c a J ^ a o

K i i A ^ A. cuii^rc^o

P. 147.1. 11. C . D .

A.

P . 1 4 7 . 1. 1 6 . C . CClC71£DO P. 147.1. 23. A.

cuAaa D.

culi^j

ca.'tiba

n ' ^ n u n A . OJ31IDO

ajoio

n d W

P. 1 4 8 . 1 . 1 4 . A . vyAKioA P. 148.1. 25. C. A ^ b A . P. 149.1. 4. C. c n ^ ^ s A .

^rd^ Kia^

P. 149.1. 4. I n w h a t follows, A . a d d s single verses e v e r y w h e r e . P . 1 4 9 . 1 . 1 0 . C . K^-CV*. A ^ . A . P. 149.1.18. C.

A.

n d a * ^

^ i a ^ o

»

VARIANT READINGS

XXII*

P. 149.1.19. C.

A . ^cv^ÛAN

P. 149.1. 21. C. r ^ t o

A.

K'ki.A^

P . 1 4 9 . 1. 2 1 . C . o i m ^ o A . o s o j j r i ' o P . 1 5 0 . 1. 1. C . rCÎM^^JS A . P. 150.1. 4. C.

rci^cus

A.

» l O ^ ^ s

P . 1 5 0 . 1 . 9. T h e l i n e J l ^ " is m i s s i n g i n A . P. 150.1. 11. C.

r ^ w A .

P . 1 5 0 . 1. 1 5 . C . CPCA^-I c v ^ r f a P . 1 5 0 . 1. 1 7 . C . E . r f e j s A . P. 150.1.18. C.

Kivïs) A .

rdtvi

n ^ ï

A.E.

P. 152.1. 22. A . E .

v ^ s

P . 1 5 2 . 1 . 2 3 . T h e l i n e s*." is m i s s i n g i n A . E . P . 1 5 2 . 1. 2 4 . C . Tlri" P. 153.1. 2. C. A ^

red

riOtd^.

A.E. ^

cdi^A.E.

P . 1 5 3 . 1. 6 . C .

^

red

ri-àvliL.

rSÎMOÏ

A.E.

C&VD

^(nkj'ùaii

KÎCAO^

»^ï

(E.

ri'àvjVt»«) P . 153.1. 7. C . E . r d s w B j A . P . 153.1. 7. C . E . ^ o c t J l ^ S A . P . 1 5 3 . 11. 7 , 8 . C . E .

-nfacn

P . 153.1. 9. C. à u ^

A.E.

P . 153.1. 9. A . E .

^ocnLs V^

.^ocmS)

SJJA^O A .

^

o W o

P . 1 5 3 . 1 . 1 0 . C . c ^ u W E . cAàs P . 1 5 3 . 1. 1 1 . C . OVMO A . ,C7300r

P. 155.1. 18. A . E . ri-^iwrC P. 1 5 5 . 1 . 1 8 . C. , i » A . E .

A

P . 1 5 5 . 1 . 1 9 . A . pcîictuj^X E . h a s t h e l i n e :

rûoi^Xs

ocp

^ri's

P. 155.1. 21. C. r d » " T h e line is m i s s i n g in A . P . 1 5 5 . 1 . 2 1 . C . JE.OÏX» A . E . P. 155.1. 22. A.E. P. 155.1. 24. C.

^

A.E. rdlz^

T h e two following lines are

missing in A.E. P. 155.1. 27. C. à s ^ ^ s A.E. P . 1 5 6 . 1.1. C .

¿ y W M T h e two following lines are missing in

w h i c h substitute instead the line: r ù t i t s

rdiicv^

V

A.E.,

rdX

P. 156.1. 6. C. T h e three following lines are different in A . E . P. 156.1. 8. C . E . ^ j W P . 1 5 6 . 1 . 9. C .

A.

. ^ j W

T h e l i n e is d i f f e r e n t i n A . E . o m i t s t h r e e lines. T h e last

lines of the T e s t a m e n t differ greatly a m o n g the manuscripts. P . 1 5 6 . 1. 1 2 . F r o m . ^ n i ' o t o e n d , E . h a s t h e s e w o r d s : " D e s c r i p t i o n o f M a n u s c r i p t s " a b o v e , p. xii. P . 2 1 2 . 11. 1 - 3 . A .

,C73ÏOroèi * r\.ra] àìcu\ KÌsi.tJ-ncu^.Xre'i r^ a tv» ^K* oaaXtioii

PRAEFATIO.

ix

Balaeum Chorepiscopum (p. 251) lumen ecclesiae Syriacae exstitisse hymnosque composuisse qui in offlciis divinis adliuc recitantur Assemanius nos docet, immo Doctorem eum appellatum esse comperimus e coloplione p. 334. Ejus quoque scriptorum liaec primo collectio est. De " Additamentis" inde a p. 339 liaec pauca monenda sunt. Partem sermonis Isaaci " de Crucifixione" in semi quae in codice inscripta est >ison •i\->, quod tamen metrum potius quam originem significare puto pro ,»\-> » i s n —Jacobi Sarugensis et Joannis Darensis expositionem de Matrimonio una cum Rabulae Canonibus et Constitutionibus non ingratam fore accessionem ad ecclesiae Syriacae J u s Matrimonii spero.—Preces quas J a cobus Sarugensis adliuc puer fecit et memoriter recitabat, simplicitate, candore et ardore animi lectorem movebunt.—Gregorii Barliebraei "Origines Ecclesiae Syriacae," i. e. initium partis tertiae Chronici, maximi momenti esse nemo dubita,bit. Sint quasi additamentum quoddam acl Curetonii r^Acxai rdx»:uA KLi_JCV_. ^so ocp cn n t °>o »enior^.i . r vp.lv eiire'iv -nepi Trjs ¡3a(ri\eiai Kal (¿¿XP1 àvàiraiiaiv.

T&V

àyivv,

IR&s

èv airi}

TTJV

¡3acnKe(av ¿KKrjpovóp.rjaav,

KXjjpoiiOfioCo-t(i'). 'il (f)V(Tis Avrai de pàXKov

Kal KaKoyovp.tvoi yaipovaiv.

KOTTOV

Kai avvrpififji

TÌ/S

trapKos

ctarerci

finkap^àvovrac

K. T. A.

IX. M. B. No. 14654, fol. 45 ad fol. 48. Codex forma octonaria, columnis geminatis, eleganti manu Edessena saeculo fere septimo conscriptus, sed rerum vicissitu-

xvi

CODICUM

DESCRIPTIO.

dine valde laesus, eosdem de Misericordia Divina sermones continet ac codices duo priores, sed titulo paululum difFert ri'crAri' ¿\iu.i i ("de timore Dei"). Attamen hic titulus generalis potius esse videtur, quum in marginibus continuus appareat, eomplectens sermonem de Simeone Pharisaeo et Peccatrice, sermonem de Domino Nostro et Simeone Sene, et tractatum forma dialogi inter Ephraemum et Discipulum.

X. M.B. No. 17194, fol. 24 vers. ad fol. 25. Codex forma duodenaria, ab Ignatio Mabugensi (uti videtur) A . D. 886 confectus, partem tractatus Epliraemi contra Bardesanem continet.

XI. M. B. No. 12155, fol. 91 vers. Codex forma octonaria majore, columnis geminatis, literis minutioribus, saeculo decimo aut undecimo conscriptus, continet partem tractatus adversus Bardesanem.

XII. M. B. No. 14624, fol. 1 ad fol. 8 vers. Codex forma octonaria, columnis geminatis, saeculo vn rao aut vili™ manu Edessena eleganter conscriptus, punctorum parcissimus, literas mutas saepe omittens, Testamentum Epliraemi fere totum continet. Sequitur über apocryphus cui titulus est Testamentum Adami. Notandum est, textum meum hunc codicem sequi; sed quum ab initio mutilus sit, paginam 139 usque ad p. 140. 1. 4 : a l ^ r i l l e No. 1458a sumpsi. Item p. 1 5 0 . 1 . 23 ad p. 1 5 2 . 1. 2 1 , quae in hoc codice desunt, supplevi e codice No. 14666.

XIII. M. B. No. 14582, fol. 74 vers. ad fol. 81. Codex forma octonaria, anno Graecorum 1 1 2 7 (A.D. 816) confectus, ut fol. 261 vers. docemur, Testamentum S. Ephraemi continet, non tarnen textus verba presse secntus, sed liberiore

CODICUM

xvii

DESCRIPTIO.

dispositions usus, ita ut liber in angustum coactus sit. Sed quamvis singuli versus mixti ac turbati sint, scriptor tamen plerumque verbis auctoris adhaeret. Sane dolendum est quod scriptor in contrahenda materia subinde majorem lacunam fecit. Ita factum est ut in hoc codice Index Haereticorum desideretur. Historia de Mose et Magis quidem deest, sed utrum (Assemanio auctore) ex alio Ephraemi tractatu in Testamentum irrepserit necne, definire non audeo, quum codex Nitriensis V. Yaticanus et No. 14624 (XII.) (uterque gravissimae auctoritatis) earn habeant. Additamenta in nostro codice rariora sunt. E quibus magni momenti sunt loci de suffragiis vivorum pro mortuis. A fol. 190 vers, ad fol. 255 est Liber Serapionis. Deinde usque ad fol. 257 vers. Ephraemi K'issnilsa in Defunctos. Assemanius B. O. I. p. 136 quindecim commémorât K'Hssr^äa in DefunctoSj sed (quod sciam) nonnisi rr* t 'tt -n in Defunctos editi sunt.

XIY. M. B . No. 14666, fol. 1 5 ad fol. 19. Codex forma octonaria, foliis collectaneis diversae aetatis compositus, posteriorem partem continet Testamenti Ephraemi, scrip tura grandiore manuque eleganti scrip tam, codici No. 14574 (III.) simillimam, sed propter punctorum paucitatem eo antiquiorem, fere septimi aut octavi saeculi. Nostrum codicem codici Nitriensi V. Vaticano (i. e. textui Assemanii) propinquum esse mox videbis, si Varias Lectiones inspicere velis. Incipit p. 150.1.15 a rCien&s. Finis quum sit discrepans, 1

S.»

pilAl

rc'àirc'.i

rdsa^Jw

.èiiUSOri .}alaA

JJATJK'S r^sa.i^a

.».M-M

.nf i m r \ o r ^ i r s i A •:•

K'i-JLO ni'criAr*'

»Ì33.°f r^sxtbux poJLz. •:* c

rd-lK"

K'àxCUx.i

XV111

CODICUM

DESCRIPTIO.

XV. M. B. No. 14652, fol. 83 ad fol. 102, et fol. 123 ad fol. 131 vers. Codex forma octonaria, manu clara nitidaque conscriptus, saeculi sexti aut septimi, praeter fragmenta vitarum S. Theclae, Sergii et Georgii, vitam Rabulae continet.

Auctorem

vitae Rabulae virum Edessenum esse, vides e p. 159. 1. 6, ubi Rabulas appellatur.

.1 K ' i c a a o x . ("gloria urbis nostrae") A fol. 123 ad fol. 129 Constitutiones et Praecepta

ad Sacerdotes et Reguläres leguntur, cujus libelli titulus quum praeter auctoris nomen clare distinguendum plane evanuerit, supplevi verba desiderata e nota finali. A fol. 129 ad fol. 131 vers. Praecepta ad Monachos haben tur, quorum pars est Canones quos seorsum invenies cod. No. 14526, fol. 30 vers. a fol. 131 vers, ad fol. 136 vers, est Homilia

Denique

(rdsa^iaài)

Rabulae in ecclesia Constantinopolitana publice habita.

Codi-

cis et homiliae hujus plagulae ultimae desunt.

XVI. M. B. No. 14526, fol. 30 vers. Codex forma octonaria, manu nitidissima Edessena conscriptus, saeculi sexti aut septimi, Corpore Canonum constat Apostolorum (qui etiam cod. No. 14531

insunt),

Rabulae

(fol. 30 vers.), Joannis episcopi Telensis, Conciliorum inde a Nicaeno usque ad Chalcedonense.

Item variae professionis

fidei formulae, brevisque conciliorum descriptio. Cowper

f Analecta

Cf. B . Harris

Nicaena' p. iv.

XVII. M. B. No. 14577, fol. 83 vers. Codex forma quartanaria minore, saeculi octavi aut noni, praeter excerpta c patribus historiamque monachorum A e g y p tiacorum, Rabulae Praecepta ad Monachos continet.

CODICUM

DESCRIPTIO.

xix

XYIII. M. B. No. 12156, fol. 68 vers. ad fol. 69 et fol. 91. Codex maximae auctoritatis, forma quartali aria, manu nitida scribae Edesseni anno Graecorum 873 (A. D. 562) confectus, Epistolam Rabulae ad Andream Samosatenum, Cyrilli Alexandrini ad eundem et Theodoretum, Andreae Responsum ad Rabulam et partem Epistolae Rabulae ad Cyrillum continet.

XIX. M . B . No. 14604, fol. n o vers. ad fol. n i . Codex forma octonaria, columnis geminis, saeculo fere Beptimo conscriptus, continet Rabulae ad Andream Samosatenum Epistolam, Cyrilli Scholia de Incarnatione Unigeniti, Mar Jacobi Sermones, Philoxeni Mabugensis Capita, Julii episcopi Romani Sermonem de Fide.

XX. M. B . No. 14557, fol. 92 vers. ad fol. 94. Codex integer, forma octonaria majore, columnis geminis, manu Edessena nitidissime conscriptus, saeculi fere septimi, continet Cyrilli ad Rabulam Epistolam. Post quam Cyrilli " Tractatus de natura humana Domini nostri " a Rabula Episcopo Edesseno e Graeco in Syriacum versus. Cf. Praefatio, p. viii.

XXI. M. B. No. 14532, fol. 67 vers. ad fol. 68. Codex forma octonaria major e, columnis geminis, nitidissima manu Edessena saeculo sexto aut septimo conscriptus, partem Epistolae Rabulae ad Gamalinum (Gamalianum ?) continet. Sectam fanaticam, de qua agitur, Assemanius B. O. describit ad Chronicon Edessenum No. 89 I. pp. 409,410. Assemanius Gamalini amicum et propugnatorem veritatis contra illam sectam facit Paulum quendam episcopum Edessenum; qui c

%

CODICUM

XX

DESCRIPTIO.

tarnen quis fuerit nescio, quum inde ab initio quarti saeculi usque ad sextum nullus ejus nominis exstiterit episeopus Edessenus.

XXII. M. B. No. 17202, fol. 182 ad fol. 185. Codex forma octonaria majore, saeculi sexti aut septimi, columnis geminatis, praeter Zachariae Historiara Ecclesiasticam partem Epistolae Rabulae ad Gamalinum continet.

XXIII. M. B. No. 17238, fol. 71 vers, ad fol. 73 vers. Codex chartaceus, forma duodenaria majore, saeculo fere duodecimo negligenter conscriptas, Ilymnum Rabulae continet. Non dubium est quin in reliqua parte codicis usque ad fol. 96 alia etiam Rabulae cantica sint, sed quum colophon nomina auctorum generali nota comprehendat, singula cantica auctoribus suis reddi non possunt. Eadem codicis No. 17254, fol. 164 ad fol. 196 ratio est, ubi carmina Ephraemi, Rabulae et Maruthae episcopi Tagritensis commemorantur.

XXIY. M. B. No. 17213, fol. 36 vers, ad fol. 39 vers. Codex forma quartanaria, folia singula foliorumque fragmenta e vai'iis libris deperditis collecta continet. Inter alia ètcAn .rdiáüea • p - i ^ K ' r¿x.:uo! . rdA^jârï'o (Cf. p. xiv.) Haec pars codicis, columnis geminatis, manu satis nitida, saeculo fere octavo conscripta est.

XXV. M.B. No. 14591, fol. 55, fol. 139 ad fol. 143 vers., et fol. 143 vers, ad fol. 150 vers, (finem codicis). Codex antiquus, forma octonaria, sexto (uti videtur) saeculo manu Edessena nitide conscriptas columnis geminatis. Constat 150 foliis et continet, maxima ex parte, Isaaci Magni

CODICUM

xxi

DESCRIPTIO.

opera. Qui sequuntur Balaei Hymni in Dedicationem Ecclesiae Cansarensis et in Acacium episcopum librum concludunt. XXYI. M . B . N o . 1 2 1 6 6 , fol. i o 3 a d fol. X11, e t fol. 1 1 1 vers, a d fol. 123 vers. Hoc volumen, forma quartanaria, e duobus codicibus antiquis constat, quorum prior columnis geminatis manuque Edessena laute exaratus ad sextum aut septimum saeculum referendus esse videtur. Colophon manu prima faetus nos docet, liane partem priorem praeter homilias S. Ephraemi (de Fide), Xysti, Basilii, Isaaci Magni continuisse Balaei homilias très in Josephum, quarum tertia una cum initio homiliarum Jacobi e codice nostro deperdita est.—Codex posterior, columnis ternis, S. Cyrilli tractatum " d e adoratione et cultu in spiritu et ventate" continet. XXVII. M . B . 7 1 5 6 B i c h . fol. 1 6 6 v e r s . Hujus codieis Nestoriani, saeculo xvii mo confecti descriptio invenitur in Catalogo impresso, cui titulus est: "Catalogua Codicum Orientalium, Pars I. Codices Syriacos et Carshunicos amplectens," Londini 1838. (No. XII.) Codex praeter hymnos Ephraemi, Narsetis Maalthaiensis, Barsumae Nisibeni, Babaei Magni, unum Simeonis Bar Zaboe eontinet, cujus quidem Assemanius duos commémorât in Officiis Syriacis exstantes.

Qui sequuntur Codices Bibliothecae Bodleianae religiose descripti inveniuntur in libro cui titulus: " Catalogi Codicum Manuscriptoram Bibliothecae Bodleianae Pars Sexta, Codices Syriacos, Carshunicos, Mendaeos complectens.

Confecit It.

Payne Smith, A . M . , Hypo-Bibliothecarius." Oxonii: e Typographeo Clarendoniano

M.DCCO.LXIV.

ad hoc opus delegare satis duximus.

Quamobrem lectorem

CODICUM

DESCRIPTIO.

XXYIII. B.B. Marsh. 479, fol. 195 (222)—fol. 176 sqq.— fol. 190 sqq. Cf. Catalog, p. 183. Folium 195 perperam positum reponendum est inter if. 22t, 222. His foliis Rogationes Mar Balaei continentur.—Praeterea insunt Rabulae Supplicationes ordinis quarti (fol. 176 sqq.) et septimi (fol. 190 sqq.).

XXIX. B.B. Hunt. 594, fol. 293. Catalog, p. 187. Rogationes Balaei.

XXX. B. B. Bod. Or. 19, fol. 30. Catalog, p. 438. Canticum Balaei in sepulturam Aharonis,

XXXI. B. B. Marsh. 711, fol. 13 ad fol. 16. Catalog, p. 497. S. Ephraemi Homilia de reigis victoris Constantini Baptismo. Nescio an codex noster minoris sit fidei, quum fol. 65 Ephraemi Liber adversus Nestorianos, Ephraemo plus quinquaginta annis posteriores, proponatur. Attamen equidem puto, auetorem sive compilatorem librum non fmxisse, sed argumenta ex Ephraemi scriptis conquisita et adversus Nestorium adhibenda consuisse.

XXXII. B.B. Hunt. 595, fol. 1 ad fol. 18. Catalog, p. 4 3 1 . "Preces Mar Jacobi (Sarugensis) Doctoris, quas adhuc puer memoriter recitabat." Deinde "Homilia ejusdem de Virginitatc, de Fornicatione et de Conjugio Justorum."

CODICUM

DESCRIPTIO.

xxm

XXXIII. B. B. Poc. 404, fol. 298 vers, ad fol. 302. Catalog, p. 438. Tractatus de Synodo Nicaena.

XXXIV. B.B. Bod. Or. 264, fol. 77. Catalog, p. 495. Mar Joannis Darensis de Matrimonio Sacerdotum.

XXXY. B. B. Hunt. 1. p. 609. Catalog, p. 397. Bar Hebraei Chronici Pars Tertia.

V A R T A E

L E C T I O N E S .

Quotiescumque plures ejusdem libri codices reperiebantur antiquiorem et puriorem pro fundamento posui ac plerumque litera A . insignivi (de qua re vide Indicem) ; ubi secus egi, diserte indicavi, quem codicem textus sequitur. Hoc per se intelligitur, non omnes omnino hie varias lectiones punctorumque discrepantiam exhiberi, sed delectum solum, ne confusa indigestaque moles penitusque inutilis conspectum libri impediat. tractiones creberrimas r^iiior^—rùri

Afferre igitur supersedi con-

(e. g.

iiaK*,

particulas i x ^ , o , A K ' ,

)Q.t-2aA-a. —

n l u i a — rd-X-irV i a

etc.);

etc. adjectas, omissas, inter

se mutatas, videlicet ubi ea re vis sententiae non mutatur;

scriptionem plenam aut defectivam ( A c l *

AcO^sa — A5yao etc.).

—

Ceterum de variis lectionibus codicum

antiquorum Syriacorum vide quae Ant. Pohlmann disseruit in libello cui titulus :

" S. Ephraemi Syri commentario-

rum in sacram scripturam textus in codicibus Vaticanis manuscriptus et in editione Romana impressus."

Bruns-

bergae 1862. p. 1 1 . P. 2 1 . 1 . 1 . Codex B. (quoad folii primi margines laesi lectionem non impediunt) hunc habet titulum : t P. 143. 1. 2. C. ^i.TJkia D. i.TJkSJ A. ^ucixsa P. 143. 11. 4, 2. A. et n 1 nra P. 143. 1.5. C. D. KH-^ei&i In margine manu recentiore correctum est (A.) K&cvl&x. P. 143. 1.10. A. •aa n B. ^ i i ^ r a a n a D. rdiUBAi^ Aun P. 143. 11. 15,16. C. : Aur^ rrfacnAx Corrector in margine addit t^JU.i (supplens sensum et pedum versus defectum). D. Aur*" ri'Ocb A. A\*sj Aur^ ^rtf'a P. 144. 1.1. C. D. ^OOAvjcj A. ^OJAVJCJ P. 144.1.21. C. i ^ i u o j (quod lege loco r^-li-aO.i) B. rdlsicia P. 145. 1.8. C. K'.i n v (n^.i n v ?) A,D. B. rdlca^. P. 145. 1. 9. C. rtfAv»A>[r£]:s>3 D. e^AuAvsa B. riiansa P. 145. 1.11. A ad 1.13. rd-WL\A\2k in A. verbosius. Textus A. manu recentiore in margine C. additus, in B. quoque invenitur. P. 146. 1. 7. Post ^acoiaK' B. habet KLoa.na P. 146. 1. 7. C. D. A. v ^ u i P. 146. 1.13. A {Slr^i'a ad 1.15. rdiiucn A. C.D. discrepant inter se verbis transponendis et confundendis. P. 146. 1. 20. C. j j o t A. csav*>

P . 1 4 7 . 1. 8 .

C. o s a u r t f a

P . 147. 1.8.

C . ox»i&v£>

P . 1 4 7 . 1. 9 .

C. r d i c u j a i ^ a

147.

J^oir^

B.

loiri'

P. 147. 1.5.

P.

A.

J L a A o

1. 1 0 .

C.

B.

rd-uicu»

(pro «UJMJrria " A.

o'-iAvo A. cu m'-ysso

cui.i\ \ < \ o

culiJ^rilao

r d u A c L a

C. D . r£x>ia=>'-iso

P . 1 4 7 . 1. 1 6 .

C . O.10aa>O

.o'in&Q o i ^ j j o

P . 1 4 7 . 1. 2 3 .

A. r d l c v L

P . 1 4 8 . 1. 1 4 .

A.

p. 148.1.25.

c.

P . 1 4 9 . 1. 4 .

A.

c u n d / w i ^ o

A.

Ofl.TStoCt

A y »

A.

«

A.

j

rdi^Äi

sequentibus

P . 149. 1.10.

C. KlV-OX.

P . 149. 1.18.

C. ^O^LSSO

P . 149. 1.19.

C.

A.

Ai.

passim

^ c u i Ä i

^xi^itäao

A.

C. r V i u i a a

P . 1 4 9 . 1. 2 1 .

C. cuoi-TXuP

P . 150. 1.1.

C. rduu&cu.i

P . 1 5 0 . 1. 4 .

C. .^¿uLrf.-t

P.

Versus "Av C. Kfcut

A.

A.

P . 1 4 9 . 1. 2 1 .

P . 150. 1.11.

.cuoio

^

inserit.

1 5 0 . 1. 8 .

oxAcLä

v^JrdcaA

C. o u ä A u In

A.

D.

P . 1 4 7 . 1. 1 1 .

P. 149.1.4.

Anomoei"?).

A. A. A.

o.KVurtb

rsLsacu.i

A. in A .

A.

deest.

KlU.I

singulos

versus

YAEIAE P. 150. 1 . C .

LECTIONES.

o>g. ^•BQ-^nTa

P. 150. 1.17. C. E.

A. KLX.H-M

r