Rural Landscapes along the Vardar Valley: Two site-less surveys near Veles and Skopje, Republic of Macedonia 9781407313887, 9781407343488

The two small-scale and hyper-intensive surface artifact surveys presented in this study were the first glimpse of the t

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Rural Landscapes along the Vardar Valley: Two site-less surveys near Veles and Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
 9781407313887, 9781407343488

Table of contents :
Front Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Acknowledgements
Table of Contents
I. Introduction, theoretical approaches and method of fieldwork
II. Description of the first survey area
III. Chronology of the collected material and spatial distribution by periods
IV. The region of Montenegro near Skopje and the second survey area
V. Chronology of the collected surface finds and spatial distribution by periods
VI. General conclusions
References
List of maps
List of photos (on CD)
Contents of the appendices (on CD)
Abbreviations

Citation preview

l na tio ne di nli ad l o ith ria W ate m

BAR S2731 2015  DONEV  RURAL LANDSCAPES ALONG THE VARDAR VALLEY

Rural Landscapes along the Vardar Valley Two site-less surveys near Veles and Skopje, Republic of Macedonia

Damjan Donev

BAR International Series 2731 9 781407 313887

B A R

2015

Rural Landscapes along the Vardar Valley Two site-less surveys near Veles and Skopje, Republic of Macedonia

Damjan Donev

BAR International Series 2731 2015

Published in 2016 by BAR Publishing, Oxford BAR International Series 2731 Rural Landscapes along the Vardar Valley © D Donev and the Publisher 2015 The author's moral rights under the 1988 UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act are hereby expressly asserted. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be copied, reproduced, stored, sold, distributed, scanned, saved in any form of digital format or transmitted in any form digitally, without the written permission of the Publisher.

ISBN 9781407313887 paperback ISBN 9781407343488 e-format DOI https://doi.org/10.30861/9781407313887 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library BAR Publishing is the trading name of British Archaeological Reports (Oxford) Ltd. British Archaeological Reports was first incorporated in 1974 to publish the BAR Series, International and British. In 1992 Hadrian Books Ltd became part of the BAR group. This volume was originally published by Archaeopress in conjunction with British Archaeological Reports (Oxford) Ltd / Hadrian Books Ltd, the Series principal publisher, in 2015. This present volume is published by BAR Publishing, 2016.

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Acknowledgements Many a times I have spoken wrong when saying that this research was self-funded. It would’ve been impossible without WKHXQVHO¿VKVXSSRUWRIP\IDPLO\DQGIULHQGV7KH\LQYHVWHGDJUHDWGHDORIPRQH\WLPHDQGHQHUJ\LQDYHQWXUHZKLFK IURPWKHPDMRULW\¶VSRLQWRIYLHZZDVGLI¿FXOWWRXQGHUVWDQGRUVLPSO\DEVXUG0\ZKROHKHDUWHGLQGHEWHGQHVVJRHVWRP\ JUDQGSDUHQWVSDUHQWVDQGEURWKHUIRUWKHLUHQGOHVVSDWLHQFHDQGWUXVWDQGWRWKHIULHQGVDQGFROOHDJXHVZKRYROXQWDULO\ GHFLGHGWRVSHQGKRXUVRIKDUGZRUNLQWKHRSHQ7KHEDVLVRIWKLVZRUNUHVWVRQWKHLUJRRGZLOOORYHDQGUHVSHFW7KHOLVW of names of all those who directly or indirectly supported the project over the last 5 years is too long and I have probably ORVW WUDFN %XW , VKRXOG VLQJOH RXW WKH PRVW FRQVWDQW PHPEHUV RI WKH WHDP$$þNRYVNL - *DMWDQRVND 3 'DOMHY . ,YDQRYVNLDQG'5LVWHYVNLZKRWDXJKWPHWKHEDVLFVRI*,6)LQDOO\ZHPXVWQ¶WIRUJHWWKHKRVSLWDOLW\DQGIULHQGOLQHVVRI WKHORFDOSHRSOHIURP6RSRW.XþHYLãWHDQG3REXåMH ,ZRXOG¶YHVWLOOEHHQKHOSOHVVZDVLWQRWIRUWKHSRWWHU\FRXUVHRUJDQL]HGE\WKHXQLYHUVLWLHVRI/HXYHQ$PVWHUGDPDQG /HLGHQ,H[SUHVVP\GHHSHVWJUDWLWXGHWR3URI-HURHQ3REORPH3URI9ODGLPLU6WLVVLDQG3KLOLS%HVZKRLQWURGXFHGPH WRWKHZRUOGRIFHUDPLFVWXGLHV,DOVRJODGO\WKDQNP\VHQLRUFROOHDJXHVDQGSURIHVVRUVLQ0DFHGRQLD7UDMDQND-RYþHYD 3URI'UDJL0LWUHYVNL=ODWNR9LGHYVNL%UDQLVODY5LVWHYVNL0DULQD2QþHYVND7RGRURYVNDZKRP,FRQVXOWHGDERXWWKH GDWLQJRIWKHIDEULFJURXSV$OOPLVLQWHUSUHWDWLRQVRIWKHLUFRPPHQWVRQWKHPDWHULDOJRRQP\DFFRXQW ,WZRXOGEHHTXDOO\ZURQJVD\LQJWKDWWKLVZDVDIXOO\LQGHSHQGHQWUHVHDUFKSURMHFW)URPLWVYHU\FRQFHSWLRQLQ XSXQWLOLWV¿QDOFRPSOHWLRQ,ZDVJXLGHGE\WKHTXLeWKDQGRIP\PHQWRU3URI-RKQ%LQWOLII

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