Royal Inscriptions on Clay Cones from Ashur now in Istanbul 9781442679481

Table of contents :
Contents
Foreword
Preface
Abbreviations
Tablet Signatures
Introduction
Catalogue
Indexes
Plates

Citation preview

ROYAL INSCRIPTIONS ON CLAY CONES FROM ASHUR NOW IN ISTANBUL

THE ROYAL INSCRIPTIONS OF MESOPOTAMIA

EDITORIAL BOARD

A. Kirk Grayson (Toronto) Director and Editor-in-Charge of Assyrian Periods Edmond Sollberger (London) Editor-in-Chief and Editor-in-Charge of Early Periods John A. Brinkman (Chicago) Editor-in-Charge of Babylonian Periods Louis D. Levine (Toronto) Technical Adviser Rykle Borger (Gottingen) Veysel Donbaz (Istanbul) Paul Garelli (Paris) Fawzi Rashid (Baghdad) Liane Jakob-Rost (East Berlin) Ronald F.G. Sweet (Toronto)

THE ROYAL INSCRIPTIONS

OF MESOPOTAMIA

SUPPLEMENTS/VOLUME 1

Royal Inscriptions on Clay Cones from Ashur now in Istanbul V E Y S E L D O N B A Z & A. K I R K G R A Y S O N

UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO PRESS Toronto Buffalo London

www.utppublishing.com ® University of Toronto Press 1984 Toronto Buffalo London Printed in Canada ISBN 0-8020-5650-4

The research and publication of this volume have been supported by The Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada and The University of Toronto

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CONTENTS

Foreword / ix Preface / xi Abbreviations / xiii Tablet Signatures / xvii Introduction / 1 Catalogue A §amsI-Adad in to Enba-Adad i: Texts 1-19/5 B Assur-uballit i to Adad-nararl i: Texts 20-31 / 10 c Shalmaneser i: Texts 32-93 / 13 D Tukultl-Ninurta i: Texts 94-108 / 17 E Assur-rgsa-isi i to Assur-bei-kala: Texts 109-119/20 F Ashurnasirpal i to Ashurnasirpal n: Texts 120-136 / 24 G Shalmaneser in: Texts 137-226 / 27 H Assur-dan in: Text 227 / 53 i Sargon n: Texts 228-235 / 54 j Stn-sarra-iskun: Texts 236-248 / 55 K Unidentified Fragments: Texts 249-308 / 60 Indexes / 65 Plates / 81

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FOREWORD

This volume is the first in a series (called 'Supplements') meant to complement the publication of the corpus of Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia. The Supplements will be devoted to the full publication of coherent groups of unpublished royal inscriptions and related texts. These inscriptions will be incorporated in the relevant volumes of the Corpus as well, where they will appear in standard format (transliteration, translation, and brief commentary). The Supplements will also offer special studies on particular aspects or problems of royal inscriptions so as not to burden the Corpus volumes unduly. The editors wish to stress that the 'Supplements' are a series, not a journal. Volumes will appear at irregular intervals as the need arises. E. Sollberger, Editor-in-chief

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PREFACE

The inscriptions and objects catalogued in this volume are in the Tablet Archive of the Archaeological Museums in Istanbul and come from the German excavations at Ashur during the period c. 1905-14. The antiquities found by that expedition were eventually divided between Istanbul and Berlin (see ARRIM 1, pp. 15-18) and until now there has been no systematic publication of the objects by collection. The appearance of this catalogue coincides very well with the publication of the clay cones in the Berlin museum last year (L. JakobRost, FuB 22). With these two volumes Assyriologists now have a complete publication of all clay cones found at Ashur by the German expedition. Although some of the longer and more important inscriptions in this volume have been published previously, several are published here for the first time. Traditionally royal inscriptions have been studied and published from a chronological perspective, and this is the procedure followed in the main series of the Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia Project. While this approach makes sense from the point of view of a modern historian and text editor it does not take into account the practical considerations of the manner in which the objects upon which the ancient texts appear are stored. Museums store and display their holdings within a given department according to the objects' forms (brick, cone, tablet, etc.) and material (clay, stone, metal, etc.) Catalogues of inscribed objects according to form and material are a fundamental necessity for researchers working on royal inscriptions. It is appropriate therefore that this, the first such Mesopotamian catalogue for the Istanbul collection, should also be the first monograph to be published by the Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia Project. The preparation of the clay cones for publication has been a cooperative effort. Mrs Muazzez Cig, former curator of the Tablet Archive, proposed the undertaking to us in 1969. The copies were made by Donbaz, who is now the curator, and the notes by Grayson. We have gone over the inscriptions together twice in Istanbul (1969 and 1977) and have consulted in person as well in Toronto in 1980 and 1982. Dr Grant Frame and Dr Douglas Frayne have rendered assist-

xii Preface ance in the preparation of the manuscript and did some final checking during their collation trips to Istanbul in 1981. The texts are published by courtesy of the authorities of the Arkeoloji Miizeleri, Istanbul. Grayson wishes to thank his colleagues Mrs Cig and Mrs Fatma Yildiz for their co-operation and hospitality during his time in the museum. Thanks are due to the Canada Council and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada for supporting the research behind this book. Our thanks go to Drs Mario Fales (Venice) and Alan Millard (Liverpool) who read a preliminary manuscript and offered several improvements. Dr Hannes Gaiter checked the manuscript and compiled the indexes, Professors Louis D. Levine and Gilbert J.P. McEwan saw the work through the press, and Professor Ronald F.G. Sweet made a final check for accuracy; to all of these scholars we are grateful. Our thanks go to Miss Lorraine Ourom for her help in preparing the manuscript for press. For computer work and typing we thank Mrs Katherine Glaser, Miss Hope Grau, and Mrs Lydia Noakes. V.D. Istanbul A.K.G. Toronto July 1984

ABBREVIATIONS

AfO

AfO Beih. Andrae, AAT Andrae, Coloured Ceramics Andrae, Festungswerke Andrae, WEA* AnOr ARRIM

Belleten Bagh. Mitt. BibMes BiOr BM Guide 1922 Borger, Asarh. Borger, EAK 1

Borger, HKL Brinkman, PKB

Budge and King, AKA

Archiv fiir Orientforschung, vol. 3- (vol. 1-2 = AfK). Berlin and Graz, Horn, 1926Archiv fiir Orientforschung, Beiheft. Berlin, Graz, 1933W. Andrae, Der Anu-Adad Tempel in Assur ( = WVDOG 10). Leipzig, 1922 W. Andrae, Coloured Ceramics from Ashur and Earlier Assyrian Wall Paintings. London, 1925 W. Andrae, Die Festungswerke von Assur ( = WVDOG 23). Leipzig, 1913 W. Andrae, Das wiedererstandene Assur, 2nd edition. Munich, 1977 Analecta Orientalia. Rome, 1931Annual Review of the Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia Project. Toronto, 1983Tiirk Tarih Kurumu, Belleten vol. 1-. Ankara, 1937Baghdader Mitteilungen. Berlin, 1960Bibliotheca Mesopotamica. Malibu, 1975Bibliotheca Orientalis. Leiden, 1943British Museum. A Guide to the Babylonian and Assyrian Antiquities, 3rd edition. London, 1922 R. Borger, Die Inschriften Asarhaddons, Konigs von Assyrien ( = AfO Beih. 9). Graz, 1956 R. Borger, Einleitung in die assyrischen Konigsinschriften, Erster Teil: Das zweite Jahrtausend v. Chr. ( = Handbuch der Orientalistik Erganzungsband V/l/1). Leiden, 1961 R. Borger, Handbuch der Keilschriftliteratur, 3 vols. Berlin, 1967-75 J.A. Brinkman, A Political History of Post-Kassite Babylonia, 1158-722 B.C. ( = AnOr 43). Rome, 1968 E.A.W. Budge and L.W. King, The Annals of the Kings of Assyria, vol. 1. London, 1902

xiv Abbreviations CAD

CT

Donbaz and Grayson, RICCA van Driel, Assur Ebeling, IAK

Ebeling, LKA Ebeling, Wagenpferde

Ellis, Foundation Deposits FuB Grayson, ARI

HUCA JCS

Luckenbill, ARAB MAOG MDOG Meissner, IAK

Messerschmidt, KAH 1

Nassouhi, MAOG 3/1-2 OIP

The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Chicago, 1956Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets in the British Museum. London, 1896V. Donbaz and A.K. Grayson, Royal Inscriptions on Clay Cones from Ashur Now in Istanbul ( = RIMS 1). Toronto, 1984 G. van Driel, The Cult of Assur. Assen, 1969 E. Ebeling, B. Meissner, and E. Weidner, Die Inschriften der altassyrischen Konige (= Altorientalische Bibliothek 1). Leipzig, 1926 E. Ebeling and F. Kocher, Literarische Keilschrifttexte aus Assur. Berlin, 1953 E. Ebeling, Bruchstiicke einer mittelassyrischen Vorschriftensammlung fur die Akklimatisierung und Trainierung von Wagenpferden. Berlin, 1951 R.S. Ellis, Foundation Deposits in Ancient Mesopotamia ( = YNER 2). New Haven and London, 1968 Forschungen und Berichte. Berlin, 1957A.K. Grayson, Assyrian Royal Inscriptions, 2 vols. Wiesbaden, 1972-76 Hebrew Union College Annual. Cincinnati, 1924Journal of Cuneiform Studies. New Haven and Cambridge, Mass., 1947D.D. Luckenbill, Ancient Records of Assyria and Babylonia, 2 vols. Chicago, 1926-27 Mitteilungen der Altorientalischen Gesellschaft. Leipzig, 1925-43 Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft. Berlin, 1898E. Ebeling, B. Meissner, and E. Weidner, Die Inschriften der altassyrischen Konige (= Altorientalische Bibliothek 1). Leipzig, 1926 L. Messerschmidt, Keilschrifttexte aus Assur historischen Inhalts, erstes Heft ( = WVDOG 16). Leipzig, 1911 E. Nassouhi, Textes divers relatifs a 1'histoire de 1'Assyrie ( = MAOG 3/1-2). Leipzig, 1927 Oriental Institute Publications, vol. 1- . Chicago, 1924-

Abbreviations OLZ RIMS

RLA

Rost, FuB 22 Saporetti, Eponimi Saporetti, Onomastica Schramm, EAK 2

Schroeder, KAH 2

von Soden, GAG Streck, Asb.

TCL

Thureau-Dangin, TCL 3 VAB Walker, CBI

Weidner, IAK

Weidner, Tn. WVDOG

xv Orientalistische Literaturzeitung. Berlin and Leipzig, 1898The Royal Inscriptions of Mesopotamia: Supplements. Toronto, 1984Reallexikon der Assyriologie. Berlin, 1932L. Jakob-Rost, Die Tonnagel-Inschriften aus Assur, FuB 22 (1982) pp. 137-77 C. Saporetti, Gli eponimi medio-assiri ( = BibMes 9). Malibu, 1979 C. Saporetti, Onomastica Medio-assira, 2 vols. ( = Studia Pohl 6). Rome, 1970 W. Schramm, Einleitung in die assyrischen Konigsinschriften, Zweiter Teil: 934-722 v. Chr. (= Handbuch der Orientalistik Erganzungsband V/l/2). Leiden, 1973 O. Schroeder, Keilschrifttexte aus Assur historischen Inhalts, Zweites Heft ( = WVDOG 37). Leipzig, 1922 W. von Soden, Grundrifl der akkadischen Grammatik ( = AnOr 33). Rome, 1952 M. Streck, Assurbanipal und die letzten assyrischen Konige bis zum Untergang Nineveh's, 3 vols. ( = VAB7). Leipzig, 1916 Textes cuneiformes du Musee du Louvre, Departement des Antiquites Orientales. Paris, 1910F. Thureau-Dangin, Une relation de la huitieme campagne de Sargon ( = TCL 3). Paris, 1912 Vorderasiatische Bibliothek. Leipzig, 1907-16 C.B.F. Walker, Cuneiform Brick Inscriptions in the British Museum, the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, the City of Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery, the City of Bristol Museum and Art Gallery. London, 1981 E. Ebeling, B. Meissner, and E. Weidner, Die Inschriften der altassyrischen Konige (= Altorientalische Bibliothek 1). Leipzig, 1926 E. Weidner, Die Inschriften Tukulti-Ninurtas i und seiner Nachfolger ( = AfO Beih. 12). Graz, 1959 Wissenschaftliche Veroffentlichungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft. Leipzig and Berlin, 1901-

xvi Abbreviations WZKM YNER ZA

Wiener Zeitschrift fur die Kunde des Morgenlandes. Vienna, 1887Yale Near Eastern Researches. New Haven and London, 1967Zeitschrift fur Assyriologie. Berlin, 1886-

TABLET S I G N A T U R E S

A Ass BM E§ VA VA Ass VAT

Tablets in the Ashur collection of the Arkeoloji Miizeleri, Istanbul Field numbers from the German excavations at Ashur Objects in the collections of the British Museum, London* Objects in the Eski §ark Eserleri Miizesi of the Arkeoloji Miizeleri, Istanbul Objects in the collection of the Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin Objects in the Ashur collection of the Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin Tablets in the collections of the Vorderasiatisches Museum, Berlin

* Some of the tablets in the British Museum are quoted according to the day of their accession (e.g.: 1914-4-7, 22).

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INTRODUCTION

Clay cones are certainly the most unusual of the variety of objects upon which Assyrian royal inscriptions were inscribed. Unlike bricks, statues, reliefs, steles, and even clay tablets, the form and function of which are immediately recognizable, the clay cones do not fit any pattern familiar to our modern minds. Not until the early part of this century did the function of the clay cone become known with the discovery of some of them in situ in the Old Palace at Ashur; a similar find in the palace at Khorsabad some years later verified the solution to the old question. The term '(clay) cone' is an inadequate translation of the Assyrian word sikkatu (zikkatu, ziqqatu), the name of the object which commonly occurs in the inscribed texts. Some scholars use the term 'knob' or 'boss' (occasionally 'nail' or 'peg') and in old publications fragments of clay cones were often described as pieces of vases or jar rims since the form of the clay cone was not generally recognized. It is a hollow, oblong conical object, which is tapered almost to a point at one end and bears a large semi-spherical head at the other end. Within the limits of this description there is quite a diversity of shape. A useful diagram of the forms, arranged in chronological order, has been published by Andrae (see fig. 1 below).1 A companion to the clay cone is the clay plate. The tapered shaft of the cone was inserted into a hole in the centre of the plate, and the combined object was placed in the upper portion of the interior wall of a room with the plate flat against the wall and the head of the cone protruding. The visible portions were often enamelled; the colour is still present on a few of the cones and plates on display in Istanbul. Rich illustrations of beautifully preserved specimens in East Berlin are found in a fine volume published by Andrae,2 and an illustration of 1

Andrae, WEAZ p. 210 and Andrae, Coloured Ceramics p. 64. Ibid. This volume contains a full description of the clay cone and its function (pp. 63-76). Also cf. Andrae, Das Gotteshaus u. d. Urformen des Bauens im alten Orient (Berlin, 1930) pp. 78-86; C.J. Gadd, Teachers and Students in the Oldest Schools (London, 1956) p. 45; W.G. Lambert and A.R. Millard, Catalogue of the Cuneiform Tablets in the Kouyunjik Collection of the British Museum, Second Supplement (London, 2

2 Clay Cones their function appears in the reconstructions of the interior rooms at Khorsabad as published by Loud and Altman.3 The decoration of the walls included not only the clay cones and plates, unglazed or polychrome, but also crenelles, friezes, and enamelled bricks, and the combined effect must have been splendid. The clay cone was a feature of Sumerian and Babylonian architectural decoration, and this is where the Assyrian counterpart, at least in inspiration, had its origin. Much more has been written about this phenomenon in the southern culture; Kraus, in particular, has explored the origin of the clay cone, tracing it back to procedures accompanying property sales.4 More recently Ellis has studied the form and function of the object in relation to foundation deposits in Babylonia; he briefly mentions the Assyrian counterpart.5 Clay cones are well attested in the third millennium in Babylonia and in the Old Babylonian period but after that the numbers diminish and eventually there is only the odd archaic survival such as at Ur during the reign of Ashurbanipal. The appearance of the clay cone in Assyria follows the well-known pattern of Babylonian cultural influences on the northern civilization. It first emerges in Assyria about the middle of the second Figure 1: sikkatu types from millennium, the period when it was disapASSur (after Andrae, pearing in Babylonia. Once established it Coloured Ceramics p. 64) continued as a viable feature until the last days of the Assyrian empire, the latest exemplars being of Sin-sarraiskun. There is a real link between the two civilizations in regard to the clay cones for, as Landsberger and Balkan have demonstrated 1968) p. x; J. Reade, Bagh. Mitt. 10 (1979) pp. 20f. 3 Gordon Loud and Charles B. Altman, Khorsabad, part n, The Citadel and the Town ( = OIP 40) (Chicago, 1938). 4 F.R. Kraus, 'Altmespotamische Tonnagel mit Keilinschriften' in Turk Tarih Kurumu Yaymlanndan vn Seri no. 5 vol. 1 (Turk Tarih Kurumu Basimevi, 1947), Halil Edhem Hatira Kitabi, pp. 71-113. 5 R. Ellis, Foundation Deposits, chapters 3 and 5.

Introduction

3

from a study of descriptions of building activities in royal inscriptions, the installation of the clay cones in a building was accompanied in both Babylonia and Assyria by a dedication ceremony at the completion of construction.6 The form of the inscriptions on the clay cones of the south has been thoroughly analysed by Kraus and Hallo, the latter scholar including them under the general category 'building inscriptions.'7 In Assyria, apart from annalistic texts, virtually all types of royal inscriptions viz. display texts, commemorative labels, labels, and dedicatory texts are attested, which is what one would expect by analogy with the southern custom. The relatively small size of the object precluded lengthy inscriptions and thus annalistic narratives were excluded. Although all the clay cones from Babylonia now in the Istanbul museum were catalogued by Kraus, the Assyrian objects have, until now, never been catalogued or fully published. In recent years the entire Ashur collection, of which the clay cones form a significant part, has been baked, cleaned, and renumbered by the museum staff so that it is now in the best possible condition for study. The collection of clay cones consists altogether of just over three hundred items ranging in size from fully preserved exemplars to tiny pieces. We have worked on this material periodically over a decade and believe that no further significant progress can be made with respect to joins and decipherment without physically bringing together this group and the East Berlin group. Just as this book was being readied for publication Dr Liane Jakob-Rost published the clay cones from Ashur in East Berlin. 8 We have been able to incorporate those texts in this manuscript where they are relevant, particularly in the section on Shalmaneser m. The inscriptions on these objects concern construction work on a variety of structures in Ashur: walls, gates, temples, and palaces. Chronologically, the collection spans the history of the city Ashur from the middle of the second millennium to its destruction in the seventh century BC, a period of almost one thousand years. Some periods and reigns are better represented than others; particularly noteworthy is Shalmaneser in (858-824 BC), whose texts account for more than one-quarter of the entire corpus. Copies of some of the inscriptions have been published by Messerschmidt and Schroeder in KAH while others have appeared only in transliteration in Ebeling, Meissner, and Weidner, IAK. A significant number of the inscriptions in this book have never 6 7 8

B. Landsberger and K. Balkan, Belleten 14 (1950) pp. 252-57. Kraus, op. cit.; cf. Hallo, HUCA 33 (1962) pp. 3-5. Rost, FuB 22 pp. 137-77.

4 Clay Cones been published before. We have also included the results of our collations of the previously known texts. The fact that earlier scholars had no access to the Istanbul collection but worked from excavation photographs or rough copies led to many misunderstandings and misinterpretations which can now be corrected. This book is arranged as a catalogue with the texts, apart from unidentified fragments, appearing in chronological order. The format of text descriptions is self-explanatory but a word must be said about the copies. Hand copies of Assyrian royal inscriptions reflecting the true form of the original signs are surprisingly few; to help correct this situation all texts have been copied with the exception of those for which accurate copies have already been published. The multiple duplicates of an inscription of Shalmaneser i (texts 32-90 below), however, have not been copied since this would serve no good purpose. In the case of previously published texts only the principal references are given. A full bibliography will be found in Borger, HKL 1-3, EAK 1; and Schramm, EAK 2. Literature

The following are studies on the form and function of the Assyrian clay cone. Andrae, W. Festungswerke, pis. LXXIX to LXXXH - Coloured Ceramics pp. 63-76 and fig. 38 - Das Gotteshaus und die Urformen des Bauens im Alien Orient [Berlin, 1930) pp. 78-86 Ellis, R. Foundation Deposits, chapters 3 and 5 Gadd, C.J. Teachers and Students in the Oldest Schools (London, 1956) p. 45 Grayson, A.K. Orientalia NS 49 (1980) pp. 144f Hallo, W.W. HUCA 33 (1962) pp. 3-5 Kraus, F.R. 'Altmesopotamische Tonnagel mit Keilinschriften,' Turk Tarih Kurumu Yaymlarmdan vn Seri no. 5 vol. 1 (Turk Tarih Kurumu Basimevi, 1947) Halil Edhem Hatira Kitabi, pp. 71-113 Lambert, W.G. and A.R. Millard. Catalogue of the Cuneiform Tablets in the Kouyunjik Collection of the British Museum, Second Supplement (London, 1968) p. x

CATALOGUE

A. Samsi-Adad m to Enba-Adad i KINGS 59-72 (to 1364 BC) TEXTS 1-19 1

Ass 3818 (A 3392); copy on pi. 1; §am§T-Adad in or Assur-nSrarT i; previously unpublished.

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)

[ ] [EN]SI d[assur] [mar i]s-me-dd[a-gan] [EN]SI d[aSSurma] [... d\u(l)-un-na mu(l)-hur [...] {... B]AD.KI KUR lu u-[...]

7) [...] X.MES *[...]

Lacuna 2

Ass 2065 (A 3369); copy on pi. 1; period of Assur-narart i to Assurbel-nise5u; previously unpublished. This text is similar to texts of Assur-nararT i (Grayson, ARI 1 LX 4), Puzur-ASSur ra (Grayson, ARI 1 LXI 3), Enlil-nasir i (Grayson, ARI 1 LXII 1), and ASsur-bel-niSesu (Grayson, ARI 1 LXIX 1); and particularly the last two upon which basis restorations can be made. A different structure is involved, however. Lacuna 1') [a-n]a ba-[latisu u salam] 2') a-li-suE(AD ...] 3') sa URU.KI is-k[un(l) ...] 4') sa SA URU.KI [...] 5') is-tii us-s[e-su adi saptisu] 6') e-pu-us TM~I [ziqqati\ 7) as-ku-un [rubiPu urkPu] 8') i-nu-me BAD [...]

6 Clay Cones 9') e-nu-hu-ma [eppusu] 10') da-sur rjin}{Daddad} 11') [i\k-ri-bi-£[u isamme^u] Lacuna 3

Ass 7185 (A 3457); copy on pi. 1; period of AsSur-narari i to Assuruballit i; previously unpublished. The script indicates the early period and the concluding formulae are common in inscribed sikkatu of ASsur-nararl i to Assur-uballit i. Cf. Grayson, ARI 1 LX 4; LXI 3; LXIX 1; LXX 1; LXXII 1; LXXIII 3, 4, 5. Lacuna 1') ...]&[...] 2') ...]-ma is-da-[...] 3') {....} x os-da-{..} 4') ...]-{(-(erasure?)-ma e-pu-{us/su ...] 5') ... zi-iq\-qa(l)-ti as-ku-un [(...)] 6') (...) rubu]-u ur-ku-u i-nu-me [...] 7') ...] M E.MES-5W e-nu-hu [...] 8') ... e-p]u-su s-AUE US{,,] 9') ... i-s\a-me-u zi-i[q(?)-qa-ti ...] Lacuna

4

Ass 2295 (A 3371); copy on pi. 1; period of SamsT-Adad m to Assuruballit i; previously unpublished. Lacuna 1') [... ii\-la-rabi-bi-[is-su ...} 2') [dassur] u diSKUR i[k(1)-ribisu} 3') [(...)] /-rsa(?)-i-a[m(?)-/m?-« ...]

5

Ass 6235 (A 3440); copy on pi. 2; period of AsSur-nararl i to Assuruballit i; previously unpublished. The script indicates the early period and the concluding formulae are common in inscribed sikkatu of Assur-narar! i to Assur-uballit i. In particular note Grayson, ARI 1 LXIX 1; LXX 1; LXXIII 3 and 5. This fragment was erroneously regarded as a join to Ass 6459. See no. 11 below. Lacuna 1') [... EN]SI da-sur 2') [... ENS]I &a-sur-ma 3') [...] pa-na e-pu-su

Samsi-Adad in to Enba-Adad i 4') 5') 6') 7') 8') 9') 6

7

[istu SUH]US-S« a-di [saptisu epus\ r»T zi-qa-ti [askun/ana asrisa uter ruba'u ur-k\u-u i-na u-me [... e-nu-h]u-ma e-pu-su [dx (u djc)'i\k-ri-bi-su [isamme^Q) u ziqqati ana asrisa l\u(1)-te(l)-[er\

Ass 19548 (A 3635); copy on pi. 2; period of Assur-nararT i to Assurbel-nisesu; previously unpublished. The script indicates the early period and the general pattern of the concluding formulae is similar to patterns of the period (e.g. Grayson, ARI 1 LXI 3; LXIX 1; LXX 1; LXXII 1; LXXIII 3, 4, 5). This fragment was regarded as a duplicate of Ass 6459 and, although not published, was used by Meissner in the composite text IAK xn 1 B = Grayson, ARI 1 LXII 1. See below no. 11. Lacuna 1') [... ziqqa]-ti as-ku-u[n] 2') [ruba^u ur]-f~ki-u(l) i(l)^-na rM'(?)~i-[m