Roses 9781780421933, 1780421931

Table of contents :
Imagery applied to botany, in general and to roses in particular
The Plates
Index.

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Roses

Text: Pierre-Joseph Redouté and Claude Antoine Thory (extracts) Translation: Deborah Davis Larrabee LAYOUT: Baseline Co. Ltd. 33 Ter – 33 Bis Mac Dinh Chi St., Star Building, 6th floor District 1, Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam © Parkstone Press International, New York, USA © Confidential Concepts, Worldwide, USA All rights reserved Unless otherwise specified, copyright of the reproduced works remains with the photographers who produced them. In spite of our research, we have not been able to establish copyright in some cases. Please address copyright claims to the publisher.

ISBN: 978-1-78042-193-3

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See, Mignonne, hath not the Rose, That this morning did unclose Her purple mantle to the light, Lost, before the day be dead, The glory of her raiment red, Her colour, bright as yours is bright? Ah, Mignonne, in how few hours, The petals of her purple flowers All have faded, fallen, died; Sad Nature, mother ruinous, That seest thy fair child perish thus ‘Twixt matin song and even tide. Hear me, my darling, speaking sooth, Gather the fleet flower of your youth, Take ye your pleasure at the best; Be merry ere your beauty flit, For length of days will tarnish it Like roses that were loveliest. — Pierre de Ronsard

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he ingenious allusions to roses that have prevailed in poetry for centuries, the use of roses in celebrations

and ceremonies in Antiquity, the cult that roses became for certain populations in modern times seem to be subjects worthy of an introduction to a piece of work dedicated to the reproduction for the reader of that most beautiful of flowers in the fullness of its glory. Instead, since this literary approach to roses has been taken so eruditely by Rosenberg in his Rhodologie and with so much grace and elegance by President d’Orbessan in his Essai sur les roses, readers are simply referred to these works.

Rosa tomentosa (Flore multiplici) Cottony Rose (variet y with double f lowers)

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In this way, the banal repetitions of some writers who, in dissertations of this nature, have not hesitated to appropriate the erudite research of these two writers without bothering to cite them are avoided. This text takes a different approach. In offering this collection of Roses to the public, this text will present, at the same time, a record of the efforts that pictorial art has made in their regard, from the time that this imagery has been applied to botany, to the present day.

Rosa sulfurea Sulphur Rose

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Imagery applied to botany, in general and to roses in particular If it is true, as the wise author of Elementary Theory of Botany (1813) said: “The most precise description can hardly portray a plant as well as a general view of its form,” it is particularly true of the rose and its many varieties. In fact, among the flowers that have received the gift of mutability in the highest degree, none can be compared to the rose, whose beautiful forms and varied colours are so multiple, that a picture book dedicated exclusively to the rose has become indispensable to anyone who wishes to know and classify these flowers.

Rosa centifolia (variet y Bullata) Lettuce-Leaved Cabbage Rose

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The naturalists of Antiquity saw the advantage of representing figuratively the species that they described. Pliny and other ancient writers cite a book entitled Rhizotomicum, in which the author, Cratevas, a Greek botanist who lived under Mithridates, undertook to paint plants and to record the names and properties of each one. It seems the manuscript was destroyed when the Turks took Constantinople in 1453. At the time of the Renaissance, we begin to see writings on natural history illustrated by wood engravings. Hortus Sanitatis by the German botanist Johannes de Cuba,

Rosa muscosa (variet y Multiplex) Double Moss Rose

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Treatise on Agriculture by Piero Crescenzi (which contains several plates from Hortus Sanitatis), and the Promptuarium Medicinae by Jacques Dondi, are the first works to use this type of engraving applied to plants. Still, the imperfection of these representations made them useless for natural history, and it was not until long after their publication that the art of wood engraving was perfected to the point of being able to produce more or less tolerable likenesses, as can be seen in the works of Conrad Gesner, Fuchs, Matthiole, Castor Durante, Tabernaemontanus and that of Lobel, Clusius, and the Bauhin brothers, without being, nevertheless, great resources for scholars.

Rosa indica vulgaris China Rose “Old Blush China”

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In fact, all of these authors, with the exception of Fuchs, so reduced the scale of their engravings as to render the objects that they represent nearly unrecognisable and virtually useless to those who consult them. Botany did not gain any real benefit from this procedure until the art of copper engraving began to replace wood engraving

and

began

to

be

applied

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representation of plants.

Rosa indica fragrans Tea rose “Hume’s Blush Tea-Scented China” Rose

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Historians do not agree on the work of natural history that is the first of this type: the biographer of the Italian botanical scholar Fabius Colonna maintains that this author’s history of plants, printed in Latin in Naples in 1592, in four folios, contains the first botanical plates engraved on copper. Others declare that this method already had been employed in 1590, in the work of Camerarius, Symbolorum et Emblematum centuriae III, while, according to Seguier, the Italian translation of Dondi’s Promptuarium Medicinae, published in 1536 in Venice under the title Herbolario Vulgare was produced with copper engravings.

Rosa pomponia Moss Rose “De Meaux”

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In any case, these plant representations have been extremely useful to natural history, and each century has seen them become more perfect, mainly in France, to the degree that they can be seen today. But their advantages have been particularly appreciated since the advent of colour plate printing, a modern invention that has replaced illuminated manuscripts with such success. Naturalists have neglected – if not disdained – the study of roses for a long time. In the past, roses were considered more in terms of their medicinal and artistic qualities than in the context of natural history; and it is possible, naturally, to conclude that the illustrations of roses of the time only presented a very small number of varieties, almost always unrecognisable and devoid of

Rosa eglanteria Austrian Yellow Rose

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their distinctive characteristics. This is how we must consider the representations of these flowers in the writings to which we refer, as well as in those of the same type that contain engravings on wood or copper that were published until the end of the seventeenth century. Still, a small number of good ones can be found in Hortus Eystettensis – by Basilius Besler, the Nuremberg apothecary – engraved in 1613 at the expense of the Bishop of Eichstätt. The writings of the Bauhins revolutionised – and improved – the descriptive section of the Botanic. Plant illustrations were better, too. Proof can be found in the rose engravings made for James Petiver’s Gazophylacium naturae et artis;

Rosa eglanteria (Punicea) Austrian Copper Rose

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in Dillenius’ Hortus Elthamensis; in the Curious Herbal, one of England’s greatest pictorial works from the brush of Mistress Blackwelle, interesting companion of the naturalist of the same name who was decapitated in 1746 in Stockholm; and in others that preceded the Linnaean reform. At the time of this reform, artists began to draw or paint living things in realistic detail, and so it was that the end of the eighteenth century and the beginning of the next saw in every country, especially in France, the appearance of admirable collections of plates, illuminated or engraved and coloured, that made it possible for amateurs to use them in order to identify a plant.

Rosa gallica (Of f icinalis) Apothecary’s Rose

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The rose benefited from some of these valuable advantages: Duhamel Dumonceau’s Treatise on Trees and Shrubs, Miller’s Gardeners’ Dictionary, Oeder’s Plants of Denmark and Norway, Knorr’s Rei Herberiae Thesaurus, the Hortus Anglus, the works of Parkinson, Jacquin, Rozier, Thunberg, Wangenheim, Smith, Ventenat, the records and minutes of different European scholarly societies, writings from several famous voyages, and the Curtis magazine. Finally, works in which one would find representations of the rose were for the most part perfected and rendered with a great deal of realism.

Rosa centifolia (Carnea) Variety of Cabbage Rose

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But during this period a taste for cultivating roses spread throughout Europe, and, at the centre of the popular enthusiasm for flowers, the rose came to inspire particular veneration. Intrepid travellers found new species and varieties; clever growers propagated them and managed to obtain more from seed; finally, scholarly naturalists took pains to describe and classify them. Much useful work was added to what was already known about the rose: botanical, as well as amateur, gardens were enriched by these felicitous discoveries, and soon, the rose came to be cultivated exclusively in some gardens.

Rosa Carolina (Corymbosa) Pasture Rose

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At this stage, it became clear that ancient and modern rose imagery was inadequate: that natural history reference volumes with scant reproductions of roses were so multifarious, rare and expensive that research was difficult and often impractical for those who wanted to consult them. There was a perceived need for a piece of work exclusively dedicated to portraits of the different types of roses and their many varieties, such as the work of Miss Lawrence that appeared in 1796 in London and which covers ninety roses. While this piece of work is

Rosa pimpinellifolia (Mariaeburgensis) Burnet Rose of Marienburg

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not entirely without merit as far as the execution of the images is concerned, it still did not meet the needs of rose lovers; because in a great many cases the artist sacrificed truth to picturesque, decorative forms. Here is the judgement of Dr. Roessig, expressed in the foreword of his work on roses: “It seems that, satisfied with pleasing the eye, Miss Lawrence did not really aspire to making herself useful to the botanist: the principal characteristics of her flowers often are neglected or altered; the drawing is frequently inaccurate, and the focus is on a few roses that,

Rosa muscosa (variet y Alba) White Moss Rose

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in their beauty, leave nothing to be desired.” A second work of this nature was produced in 1801 in Leipzig by Dr. Roessig himself: ten deliveries were distributed; they offer engravings of forty-nine roses, with the colour filled in by brush. The rendering, in general, is faithful enough; but the painter has not selected the right examples. They are insufficient and too insubstantial to give an idea of the essential nature of the rose. Furthermore the colouring seems to have been arbitrarily handed over to workers habitually used for this type of endeavour, with the result that the leaves and petals of the same rose can be coloured differently in two different plates. Another work,

Rosa brevistyla (Leucochroa) Short-Styled Rose

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entirely devoted to Roses, was published in 1805 in London by M.C. Andrews. We only have seventy-eight engravings in this collection, similar to those in the work of Miss Lawrence and Dr. Roessig. The images in this production seem far from being able to satisfy naturalists and rose lovers. Even though the sample is as large as nature, even though several roses are presented in their entirety, one cannot help but be sorry to see them grouped with no art and no grace: the contours of the petals of the multiple-head roses, especially the white ones, seem grotesque, bordering on bad taste. Still, Mr. Andrews’ monograph does have some merit, which makes it sought after in England,

Rosa hudsoniana Marsh Rose

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in spite of its imperfections. It provides images of a great many roses that are not so well known and that never before have been depicted in engravings. These three pieces of work are the only ones that have been dedicated exclusively to making known the rose and it many varieties. And, if they have not completely satisfied the public, it still is true that we owe these authors a debt of gratitude for taking on such a difficult task at all: for it is well known that if there is ever a time when painters of natural history need to deploy all their talents it is when they decide to paint different roses, and it is also known that some very talented people often have not succeeded when they have tried.

Rosa alba (Regalis) White Rose “Great Maiden’s Blush”

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The Plates A bush is about two and a half feet high. Its flexible, elongated, reddish-brown branches are covered with red, slightly hooked thorns, irregularly placed on a straight line. Its leaves are composed of seven, nine and quite often eleven leaflets, elliptical in shape, some with rounded and some with pointed tips and simply serrated edges, smooth on both sides, shiny on the outside, supported by a stalk that usually is smooth but can be studded with some small hooked prickles. The lightly scented flowers, formed in pairs or in groups of three at the ends of twigs that spread along the main canes, bloom on stalks that – along with the tube and the very short, tight, slightly firm fringe of the calyx – are equipped with thorns that are very short, somewhat firm and close together.

Rosa redutea (Rubescens) Redouté Rose with Red Stems and Prickles

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The canes of this rose grow sparsely into a bush that is four or five feet high. They are studded with slightly red thorns, irregularly placed, and hooked when they are long. The foliage is composed of three or five oval leaflets, mostly pointed on the ends, simply serrated, light green on the upper side, paler and downy (tomentose) on the underside and on the edges, but without the glandulous hairs that can be seen on the edges of the leaves of the Cabbage Rose (Centifolia). They are set on hairy (villous) leaf stalks with some small, hooked prickles and forked (bifid), glandulous stipules at the base. The highly scented flowers are set on separate stems (peduncles), not close together and upright like the Bifera vulgaris.

Rosa bifera (Of f icinalis) Autumn Damask Rose

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This rose, known as the “Unique Blanche” Rose (Rose Unique) has been named Mutabilis, because the bud, bright red at first, turns, when it opens, into a flat white flower; only the five outside petals remain reddish. It is this metamorphosis that has changed the name of the rose from Centifolia nivea (as named by DuPont) to Centifolia unica (as named by Baron Montde-Courset). Still, it happens that the centre petals sometimes turn rose too, so that the Unique hardly ever turns out to be the colour that one expects, that is, that of an ordinary Centifolia, which is what it is.

Rosa centifolia (Mutabilis) Cabbage Rose “White Provence”

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This rare and beautiful variety grows as a bushy shrub to the height of about one foot and half. Its spreading branches carry irregularly placed thorns that are short and nearly upright. Leaves are composed of five, seven and often nine round or elliptical leaflets that are simply serrated. They are supported by smooth leaf stalks, usually without thorns, with sharp, fine stipules at their base. The pale pink, lightly scented flowers bloom singly at the ends of small branches spread along the main branches: they are supported by stems that can be fuzzy or smooth (without hairs) and, often, both types of stem appear on the same plant.

Rosa pimpinellifolia (variet y Flore rubro multiplici) Burnet Rose “Double Pink Scotch Briar”

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This bush grows to a height of about two feet. Its smooth (glabrous) green canes are sparsely armed with hooked, reddish thorns that are not very wide at their base. Foliage is composed of three, five and, rarely, seven oval-oblong leaflets with a round base and pointed tip, green on the outside and paler on the underside, simply serrated, with sometimes slightly red indentations. They are supported by a stalk that is slightly glandulous at the base, with sickle-shaped prickles often extending to the mid-rib of the leaflet with the odd number of leaves. The large, full blown flowers bloom singly at the ends of the branches when the plant is still young, but when it reaches full maturity, the plant usually will produce three roses together in a type of corymb.

Rosa indica (Cruenta) Monthly Rose “Slater’s Crimson China”

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Shrub that grows into a bush that is five to six feet high. New canes are virtually smooth. Mature canes are studded with a great many irregular thorns – sparse on younger canes, very close together on older ones – some straight, some hooked. The flowering canes are absolutely smooth. Foliage is composed of five oval leaflets, slightly pointed, green on the outside, downy on the underside, singly serrated. They are supported by fuzzy (villous) stems, with two forked (bifid) and slightly glandulous stipules at the base. The flowers are pleasantly scented, sometimes single, sometimes two or three on the same branch to form a sort of corymb.

Rosa turbinata “Empress Josephine”

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This beautiful variety of the Rose of France grows into a bush two or three feet high. Its canes are studded with thorns of unequal length, with the longer ones hooked and the shorter ones almost straight. Foliage is composed of seven oblong leaflets, pointed at the ends and rounded at the base, smooth on top, downy underneath, glandulous on the edges. They are supported by a fuzzy (villous) stem, sometimes slightly sharp: with simple, pointed, basal stipules surrounded by sessile glands. Not very fragrant, the flowers generally bloom in groups of three at the ends of the branches.

Rosa gallica French Rose “Versicolor”

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The flowering branches of this bush are without thorns, except for mature branches which are slightly thorny. Leaflets are oval, oblong, smooth and shiny like those of the Virginia Rose (Rosa Lucida) – but darker green. Flowers develop slowly and most do not come into full bloom.

Rosa rapa (Flore semipleno) French Rose “Rose d’Amour”

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This bush grows to a height of eight or ten feet. Its thorns are rare, small and hooked on mature canes but nearly straight on the branches that flower. Leaves are composed of five, more often seven, oval, pointed, very smooth (glabrous) leaflets that are more jagged-edged than those usually found on other wild species. The stalks of these leaflets vary – sometimes they are rough to the touch – with forked stipules at the base and glandulous edges. The roses smell slightly of strawberries. They are pale pink at first, then white as they finish blooming. Sometimes, branches produce just a single rose, but more often there are two or three at the end of a branch.

Rosa andegavensis Anjou-Rose

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This singular variety is one that may only be obtained as a rooted plant by layering. The bush grows slowly and with difficulty, unless it can be placed in slightly humid soil with a very favourable exposure. The resulting shrub is not very bushy and barely grows to be higher than a foot and a half. Its branches are covered with some very fine thorns, irregular, hooked, mixed with stiff and glandulous down. Leaves are bipennate or linked twice to flimsy leaflets, almost kidney-shaped (reniform), deeply and doubly serrated, smooth (glabrous) on the upper side, slightly downy on the other. The flowers are quite beautiful and very fragrant. They bloom in twos and threes at the end of a branch.

Rosa centifolia (Bipinnata) Celery-Leaved Variety of Cabbage Rose

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The branches of this rosebush spread on the ground like the canes of the Field Rose (Arvensis Rose), though never more than a foot or two without producing new roots. The main branches are covered with quite a few irregularly placed and upright thorns. Leaflets are ovaloblong, rounded at the base, pointed at the tip, green on the upper side, somewhat downy (tomentose) on the under side and doubly serrated. The stalk that supports them is fuzzy (villous), with very small, straight bristles and stipules that are slightly serrated and glandulous at the edge. Flowers bloom in groups of three or four at the ends of twigs that grow from the main canes. Brilliantly purple at the height of their bloom, the flowers are composed of three layers of medium-sized petals.

Rosa gallica (Purpurea velutina, parva) Van Eeden Rose

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Known in England as Royal Provins or The Queen’s Provins, this rose is greatly sought after because it is so prolific; its blooms often are more than three inches across. The bush is part of the group of shrubs that our gardeners commonly call the large roses of Saint Francis. It often is found grafted but rarely own-rooted. The canes are covered with thorns of irregular length, fairly close together. There are five oval leaflets per leaf stem; they are thick, wavy, and green on the outside, downy on the underside and on the edges. The rose blooms on a fuzzy (villous) stem, most often covered with thorns that emerge from large, forked (bifid), serrated stipules. The blooms, which are not very fragrant, appear in threes and fours at the ends of the branches.

Rosa gallica (Regalis) Provins Royal

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This is a very beautiful Provins variety that has been known for a long time and that is grown in almost every garden. Its reddish stems are covered with hooked thorns. Its diffused branches are studded with quite a few small, irregularly placed, practically straight thorns that are close together, especially at the base of the plant; these thorns are easily removed. Leaves are composed of five, firm, rounded-oval leaflets that are dark green, smooth on the outside and downy underneath. The stalks of these leaves are fuzzy, covered with many small slanted thorns. Lightly scented blooms appear singly or in twos and threes at the ends of the branches.

Rosa gallica French Rose “The Bishop”

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This rose appears on a bushy plant, three or four feet tall, in fresh and humid soil. Its smooth green canes carry large, hooked thorns that are very wide at their base. The foliage is made up of five rounded-oval leaflets, green on the outside, paler on the under side, shiny, firm, often wavy and ending in a remarkably unusual point. The leaf stalks are fuzzy, with many small hooked thorns of the same colour. The lightly scented flowers are double – but slightly less than those of the ordinary Centifolia and in a deeper pink than that of the Old Blush Rose (Rosa Indica Vulgaris) – and appear in twos and threes at the ends of the branches.

Rosa indica China Rose

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This variety, very commonly found in garden centres, is known by different names: Ragged China Rose; Variegated Purple China Rose; Velvet China Rose; Cinnamon-scented Bengal. Petals come in variegated shades of purple, concave, velvety and irregularly shaped, or in various other pleasant combinations. At the height of their bloom, and only then, the roses smell strongly of cinnamon. Barely a foot and a half high, the bush was obtained from seed by Mr. Gauché, a Parisian nurseryman who introduced this rose to gardeners outside France.

Rosa indica Double Variety of China Rose

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One of the most pleasant in our collection, this rose grows on a bushy shrub two or three feet high. Its smooth canes are armed with slightly curved thorns, close together at the base of the branch but more widely spaced near the end. There are five slightly rounded leaflets on each leaf stalk. The leaflets are green on the outside and downy on the underside. The stalk that supports them rises in a curve that is quite remarkable in this variety; it is bristly and covered with small thorns. Blooms are grouped together at the ends of the branches, forming a sort of rounded flower cluster (umbel).

Rosa damascena aurora White Rose “Celestial”

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A very elegant shrub that grows to be four or five feet high. At the top of the bush and on new annual growth, its stems are bristled with a multitude of small, even, closely spaced thorns. Adult branches are covered with the same type of thorns mixed with others that are longer and straighter. Five or seven quite small leaflets on a leaf stem are oval, pointed at the top, green on the outside, paler on the underside, irregularly serrated and often edged with colour. They are held by downy stems – rarely with thorns – that grow out of spreading, forked and serrated stipules. The lightly scented rose blooms in two and threes at the ends of twigs that sprout the full length of the main branches.

Rosa candolleana De Candolle Rose

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This rose bush grows to a height of two and a half to three feet. Its stems are covered with short, irregular thorns, spread with a great number of stiff, glandulous hairs that are easily removed, leaving behind a multitude of small, black scars. The leaves are composed of five or seven leaflets, oval, light green on the outside, paler underneath, simply serrated, supported by a glandulous stem, studded with small, reddish, and more or less straight small thorns. At the base of this stem are two pointed stipules, dentated and equipped with glands on the edge. The blooms, often nearly three inches wide, are fragrant, upright and gathered into a sort of umbel at the ends of the branches.

Rosa damascena Damask Rose “Celsiana”

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Like all those that are distinctively organised, this variety only can be perpetuated through grafting or layering. The nurseryman Pelletier converted our rose bush into a rooted specimen with great skill: He delivered several to us that were covered with a great number of very beautiful flowers. Cultivated in this manner, this rose bush will grow to one or two feet. Its stems and its leaflets are similar to those of the common Centifolia rose. It differs only in the way that the surface (lamina) of its leaves is divided and one of nature’s aberrations, formed at the expense of a calyx tube which is nearly non-existent in this variety.

Rosa centifolia Cabbage Rose

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A sub-variety that grows wild all over Germany, where it is commonly known as the Austrian Rose. Usually a foot and a half high, it rarely grows to as much as two feet. Its often simple and more frequently branched stalks are thorny, with some hooked and some straight thorns, mixed with pedicel glands: those at the tip of the branch persist, but those at the base come off easily, leaving numerous scars behind. Leaves are composed of five, sometimes three, rounded, rarely pointed, oval leaflets, firm to the touch, smooth and green on the upper side, grey-green and downy on the under side, doubly serrated, glandulous on their edges. They are carried by a fuzzy and glandulous stalk, covered with hooked thorns. The fragrant flowers appear on branch extremities, either singly or in groups of two or three.

Rosa pumila Creeping French Rose

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This is quite a bushy shrub that grows to a height of about two feet. Its canes open into numerous branches, covered in stiff and glandulous bristles, mixed with small, nearly upright, thorns. Leaves are composed of three or five round or nearly round leaflets that are dark green on top, paler underneath, attached in the form of a heart at the base, deeply indented, with glandulous points, and lacy edges. The stem is downy and free of thorns. Blooms are sometimes single and sometimes grouped by twos and threes at the ends of the branches. Similar to but smaller than those of the common Centifolia rose, the blooms grow on stems (peduncles) covered with viscous, glandulous and fragrant hairs.

Rosa centifolia (Crenata) Variety of Cabbage Rose

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The branches of this shrub can climb to great heights, like those of Rosa Multiflora Rosca which it greatly resembles, except for its much sturdier branches, its much larger, though somewhat fewer, beautiful purple flowers and its rounder leaflets which are three or four times bigger than all the individuals of the species. This magnificent variety, remarkable for its foliage and the colour of its petals, was introduced in France by Mr. Noisette, in whose garden it bloomed in the month of September, 1819. He had discovered the rose in 1817 in the garden of a vegetable grower outside London, who had grown the rose from a seed received from Japan and who gave him a whole plant.

Rosa multiflora (Plat yphylla) Multiflora “Seven Sisters Rose”

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A little bush, originally from North America, known indifferently in Europe as Carolina Rose, the King’s Carolina Rose, Virginia Rose, or double-flowered Pennsylvania Rose. The flowers bloom on a shrub that is not very bushy but that can grow to two feet, at most. Its smooth, frail canes are studded with long, sharp thorns that are nearly upright and opposite each other; more spread along the length of the branches. The leaves are composed of five oval leaflets, pointed at the base and at the tip, green and slightly or not at all shiny on the upper side, paler on the under side. The stem that supports them is downy on the upper side, with tiny thorns on the under side. Pairs of roses, often lustreless, bloom at the ends of twigs that sprout from the main canes.

Rosa parviflora (variet y Flore multiplici) Double Pasture Rose

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A magnificent plant that can grow to be eight to ten feet tall. Its smooth canes carry quite strong, slightly hooked thorns. The leaves are composed of five to seven pointed oval leaflets, sometimes obtuse, smooth, green on the outside and paler underneath, simply and finely notched. The flowers grow on villous stems, with several small curved thorns that extend, sometimes, as far as the mid-rib of the odd-numbered leaflet. The flowers, on the side and on the end of the branch, the first buds, larger than those of the Nutmeg Rose, the others more or less the size of the Nutmeg’s blooms, spread a very gentle fragrance. They are rarely single, more often three or six together at the end of a branch, where they bloom together in a sort of panicle.

Rosa noisettiana Noisette Rose

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This rose belongs to a group of fuzzy-leaved (villosoe) rosebushes; it grows to be about four feet high. Its branches carry sparse, upright thorns that more or less resemble those of the Villosa that grows in our woods. Its leaves are composed of seven leaflets that are rounded ovals, villous, so soft to the touch that they feel like pieces of very fine fabric. Their stems are bristly with very small, curved thorns. The flowers grow on the side and at the ends of the stems, placed in twos and threes at the ends of the canes.

Rosa mollissima (Flore submultiplici) Tomentose Rose (variet y Semi-Double)

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A bush two-foot high or a little higher. Its branches are covered with irregular, reddish, almost upright thorns. Leaves are composed of seven oblong leaflets, with pointed ends, firm to the touch, finely notched, grey green, almost blue. Stems are slightly fuzzy, a little glandulous, with some small, yellow thorns and glandulous, forked stipules on the sides at the base. Blooms are either solitary or in twos and threes at the ends of the branches.

Rosa gallica (Cærulea) Variety of French Rose “Rosier de Provins”

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This shrub is one of the first to bloom in our gardens. It grows to a height of four or five feet and becomes very bushy. Its branches are absolutely thornless. Its leaves are made up of seven to nine green leaflets, smooth on both sides, irregularly notched, elliptical in shape. Leaf stems are slightly rough to the touch, with some small thorns emerging from forked stipules, slightly dentated and glandulous on the side, dilated and not compressed like those of our March Rose (Rosa Hudsoniana), with which it could be confused because it too is thornless. Blooms, nearly always single, grow on twigs that spread the length of the main branches.

Rosa inermis Boursault Rose

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This rose forms a bush that grows to be about two feet high. Its branches are covered with numerous irregular, almost upright thorns. The leaves are made up of five, sometimes three large, leaflets, sometimes soft to the touch, double notched, green on the outside, paler and downy (tomentose) on the underside, with, on the edges, a white cast mixed with small glands with pedicels. Stems are bristly, without thorns. The very fragrant flowers bloom in groups of three or four at the ends of the branches.

Rosa centifolia (Anglica rubra) Variety of Cabbage Rose

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It is the shape of the fruit of this shrub, which vaguely resembles the fruit of the grenadine, which inspires us to give it the name under which we present it here. Not very bushy, it grows to a height of about two and a half feet. Its branches carry numerous irregular thorns, some of which are upright and others curved. The leaves are composed of five, rarely seven, leaflets, large, pale green on the outside, downy on the other side and on the edges, doubly and finely toothed, still a little less thick and veined than other varieties of Gallica roses. The nearly odourless flowers are grouped in threes and fours at the ends of the branches.

Rosa gallica (Granatus) Variety of French Rose

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A very well-furnished bush, which, true to type, grows to be four or five feet high. Its branches are covered with quite a few hooked, whitish thorns. Its leaves are composed of five or seven small leaflets, in pairs separated one from the other, slightly less, however, than in the five-petal species; the leaflets are pointed, at the tip and at the base, smooth on the outside, with some jagged-edged. The leaf stem, also glandulous, is covered in small thorns, with two bifurcated fringed stipules at the base. The blooms are sometimes single, but the most vigorous canes often produce three or four together.

Rosa sepium (variet y Flore submultiplici) Grassland Rose (variet y Semi-Double)

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This rose belongs to the group of whorled branch roses. The very bushy shrub grows to a height of two and a half to three feet. Its branches are studded by a large quantity of yellowish thorns, almost upright, of different lengths. The leaves are formed by five, rarely seven, oval leaflet, deeply toothed, smooth on the outside, downy underneath. Stems are prickly with some small thorns with entirely forked stipules. The blooms are gathered into a cluster (umbel) at the ends of the branches.

Rosa rosenbergiana Rosenberg Rose

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This beautiful Centifolia variety may be perpetuated only by grafting: if it is subsequently layered, rooted specimens may be obtained. If treated this way, the plant will grow into a shrub that is not very bushy, about two feet tall. Its stems are prickly with a small number of thorns and hairs that are stiff and glandulous. Leaves are composed of five, rarely seven, leaflets that are elliptically oval, deeply notched, green on the top side and downy (tomentose) underneath, soft to the touch, with a light, glandulous covering on the edges. They are carried by fuzzy stems, slightly rough to touch, but without apparent thorns, and with pointed, bifurcated forked stipules at the ends. Blooms grow in twos and threes at the ends of the branches.

Rosa centifolis (Anemonoides) Cabbage Rose “Anemonoides”

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This rose grows to two or three feet. Its diffused branches are reddish, particularly where they are exposed to the sun, and absolutely thornless. Leaves are composed of five, seven or nine leaflets, elliptically elongated in shape, pointed at the base and at the tip, smooth on both sides, green on the outside, glaucous underneath, finely and simply saw-toothed. The supporting stem is lightly prickly; some small thorns may sometimes be found. Stipules are narrow and forked, curving in on themselves. Flowers are gathered, in a type of corymb (cluster), at branches’ ends.

Rosa hudsoniana (Subcorymbsa) Semi-Double Variety of Marsh Rose

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This little rosebush is none other than a sub-variety of our crimson-bloomed Rose of the Indies. Its canes are covered with strong, hooked, short thorns that are much dilated at their base. Leaves are composed of five or seven leaflets, with pointed tips, green on top, paler underneath, notched and coloured on the edges. Stems are covered with a light down, punctuated by several small and very sharp yellowish thorns. At the base of the bloom are two extended stipules, with pointed tips and jagged edges. The flowers, of the same size as those of the common multi-flora, are gathered into clusters at the ends of the stems.

Rosa indica (Subviolacea) Monthly Rose

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This shrub grows into a three or four foot high bush. Its diffuse dark green branches are numerous, covered with short thorns, irregular in size and shape, placed very close together. The leaves are composed of five or seven leaflets, some oval, some round, some firm and some fragile, doubly and singly notched, smooth on the outside and downy underneath, with some rounded mass hairs (glandulars) on the sides. They grow on downy stalks, with a few small thorns. There are two wide-toothed stipules at the base of each flower, which bloom in groups at the end of the stem.

Rosa gallica (Pontiana) Variety of French Rose “Rose d’André du Pont”

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This rose grows as a bushy shrub to the height of two or three feet. Its canes are covered with closely placed thorns that are quite short, irregular, frail and nearly upright. The leaves are composed of five, rarely seven, leaflets that are deep green, smooth on the top side and downy underneath. These leaflets are remarkable because of their size, since for the most part they are more than four inches long by two inches across. The stem on which they grow is bristly, rough to the touch, sometimes but not often, armed with one or two very small thorns. At the end of the stem there are two extended, bifurcated and pointed stipules with downy edges. Several flowers bloom together at the end of the stem.

Rosa gallica (Latifolia) Large-Leaved Variety of French Rose

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Small shrub that grows to a height of two and a half to three feet at the most. Its branches are covered by a large number of reddish thorns of unequal length that are set off from the stems at almost right angles, only slightly flared at the base, with the largest frequently as long as sixteen to eighteen millimetres. Leaves are composed of five to seven oval leaflets, rounded at the base and the tip; they are dark green on the top, and hairy (villous) underneath and on their edges. Flowers are dispersed in many partial clusters (corymbs) of three to six blooms, very close together; these clusters meet at the end of the branches, presenting a group of twenty, thirty, and even forty flowers that are elegantly straight and carry a delicious perfume.

Rosa bifera (Marcrocarpa) Portland Rose “Rose du Roi”

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This is a Celsiana Rose that grew from seed in a pile of compost and other fertilisers. It produced full blown roses in its fourth year and bloomed profusely thereafter. These flukes of nature nevertheless cannot be considered true varieties, because they come to life and then disappear, in spite of everything that we do – including grafting – to perpetuate them. The bush can grow to about three feet. Its canes carry short, uneven thorns. Leaflets, stems, stipules and other organs are like those of the Celsiana. This rose just blooms more profusely.

Rosa damascena celsiana (variet y Prolifera) Damask Rose “Celsiana”

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This is a thornless rose that grows to three feet. When the plant is very young, the branches may show some small thorns, but they disappear as the rosebush develops and by the time that it blooms there are no thorns at all. The leaves are composed of seven, nine, sometimes eleven leaflets that are rounded ovals, with a simple jagged edge, smooth on both sides. They grow on an equally smooth stem, with two pointed and bifurcated stipules at the end. Single flowers bloom at the ends of twigs that grow the full length of the main branches.

Rosa pimpinellifolia inermis Thornless Burnet Rose

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This shrub grows into a bush that is two or three feet tall. The stems and the adult branches carry widely spaced uneven thorns with stipules; those on the year’s twigs are many in number and are very closely spaced. The leaves are made up of five or seven leaflets, slightly rounded, green, nearly smooth on the outside and glandulous underneath on the edges, double notched and smelling of wine. Stems are fuzzy, glandulous, slightly thorny, rough-edged toothed stipules on the ends. Flowers bloom in clusters of three, four and sometimes more at the ends of the branches; stems are prickly and glandulous.

Rosa rubiginosa (Anemone-f lora) Variety of Sweet Briar

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This shrub grows into a rosebush that is three or four feet tall. The branches’ upper parts are covered with a great many small, uneven, reddish thorns, mixed with glands; below, there are very few thorns. Leaves are composed of three, five and, sometimes, seven large leaflets firm to the touch, smooth on the top side and downy underneath, rounded on the pointed at the top. The edges of the leaf are jagged, uneven, bearing hairs in a row (ciliate) and non-glandulous. Stems are covered in very fine down and a few thorns. The stem carries two pointed and forked stipules. Lightly scented flowers most often bloom in threes at the ends of the branches.

Rosa gallica aurelianensis French Rose “Duchesse d’Orléans”

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This little shrub grows into a bush no higher than about a foot and a half. Especially on the upper part of the bush, its branches are covered in uneven, sharp thorns that are slightly hooked, not very wide at their base and mixed with pedicel glands. Five or seven leaflets are mediumsized, almost round, bright green on the top side, paler and downy (tomentose) on the underside, with notches and bristles mixed with glands on the edges. Leaf stems are thornless but bristly, with basal stipules that grow down the length of the leaf stalk (adnate), toothed and pointed, with glandulous edges. Flowers bloom in groups of four or six at the ends of the branches; they bloom on stalks (pedicels) with a common stem.

Rosa centifolia minor Cabbage Rose “Petite de Hollande”

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This is a small variety of the Rose of Provins or Rose of France, part of the series called Agatha roses, which have very full flowers, with tightly curled and wrinkled petals in the centre. Its diffused branches are covered on their parts by a large number of spiny hairs. On their lower parts, branches carry a few small thorns, scattered, uneven and mixed with glands. The leaves, which droop in quite a remarkable manner, are composed of five, sometimes seven, ellipsoidal leaflets, green and smooth on the bottom, paler on top, with two rows of fine teeth placed at a right angle to the leaf (dentated). Attached laterally at the top of the canes, the flowers are small in diameter and, most often, single, rarely in pairs.

Rosa gallica agatha (variet y Parvula violacea) Variety of French Rose or Cabbage Rose

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This rose grows on a not very bushy shrub that grows to about two feet. Its branches are covered with a multitude of small, short thorns, uneven in length and nearly upright. The leaves are composed of five or seven large leaflets, oval, bright green, simply saw-toothed, smooth on top, paler, with light down on the underside and on the edges. Their stems are fuzzy, covered with a few small, yellowish thorns, and with two quite large bifurcated stipules with pointed tips, glandulous on the edges. The terminal flowers appear in threes at the ends of the branches. Each of the two lateral pedicels is accompanied by elongated and sharp bracts.

Rosa damascena italica Variety of Damask Rose

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This bush grows to a height of about three feet. Its branches, particularly the higher ones, are covered with a great number of small uneven thorns, nearly upright and mixed with pedicel glands. The leaves are composed of five leaflets, quite dark green, small by comparison to the usual size of the leaflets of other varieties of the same type, oval-oblong, rounded at the base and pointed at the tip, smooth on top, with a light down on the underside and on the edges. Flowers are supported a glandulous stem, covered with some small short thorns, with stipules attached to the length of the stem (adnate), pointed at the tip and glandulous on their edges. The flowers appear in twos, rarely in threes, at the ends of the branches.

Rosa gallica agatha (variet y Delphiniana) Variety of French Rose “L’Enfant de France”

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This bush grows to a height of 12 to 15 inches. Its branches are covered with a small number of hooked thorns, quite strong, only slightly dilated at the base: the branches are composed of three or five medium-sized leaflets, dark green on the upper side, grey-green and more or less covered on the under side by a winecoloured shade that extends out to the edge of the leaflet. The leaflets appear on a smooth, reddish, thorny stem, with pointed, forked stipules that are glandulous on the edges. The flowers appear, five or six together, at the ends of twigs which grow on the length of the main branches and which, together, form a type of bouquet.

Rosa indica sertulata Variety of China Rose

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The slender branches of this bush grow closely together to form a bush that will grow to be about two and a half feet tall. The upper ends of the branches are covered by short, uneven thorns, with the largest quite dilated at their base. The leaves are made up of five, rarely seven, leaflets, firm to the touch, more or less rounded, smooth on the upper side, downy on the under side, doubly notched with sometimes small glands on the notch tips. The leaves grow on a slightly furry stem with some small thorns and bifid, pointedtipped stipules that grow along the length of the leaf stalks (adnate). Several medium-sized flowers appear together at the ends of the branches.

Rosa gallica agatha (variet y Ragatis) French Rose Hybrid

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This rose bush differs from the preceding one only because, usually, out of the centre of its paler pink flower, another appears and sometimes even a third out of the centre of the second rose. They bloom one after the other, though sometimes with difficulty. The stem appears flat, and, in many cases, produces bracts with long leaves placed successively along the stems. It has been possible to see, sometimes, four or five buds emerge from the main stem, depending often on the vigour of the shrub’s vegetation. Sometimes, when the Spring has been dry, the rosebush may be full of flowers but only one or two will produce second and third roses. Nearly all of these rosebushes produce buds that are flat on top, as if they had been cut off.

Rosa gallica agatha (variet y Prolifera) Variety of French Rose

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This is a rosebush that grows to three or four feet. Its branches are covered in small, short and uneven thorns, nearly upright, very close together, principally on the branches that flower. The leaves are composed of five or seven leaflets, mostly rounded ovals at the tip and at the base, green on top, paler underneath: they grow on a slightly downy stem, covered with several small curved thorns, with two quite large, bifurcated and pointed stipules at the end. The flowers are about three inches across, sometimes more, practically scentless and placed at the ends of the branches.

Rosa gallica (variet y Flore marmoreo) Marbled Variety of French Rose

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A bush that grows to about two feet: the upper ends of its slightly flexible branches carry a multitude of small, uneven thorns; the thorns themselves are rigid, longer, some straight, some are curved, on the lower ends of the branches. The leaves are composed of five or seven leaflets, elongated ovals, pointed on the ends, rounded into a heart-shape at the bases, firm to the touch, smooth on the outer side of the leaf, somewhat downy underneath, irregularly notched, with small glands on some of the teeth. The stem that supports them is slightly downy and covered with some small, yellowish thorns; at the base, (adnate) stipules grow along the length of the leaf stalk. They are forked (bifid) and their edges are finely toothed. Flowers are sometimes single, sometimes in groups of three at the ends of the branches.

Rosa gallica (Flore giganteo) Large-Flowered Variety of French Rose

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This shrub grows into a bush two and a half feet tall, more or less. On their upper part, its branches are covered with short, spiny hairs, interspersed with glands. Lower down, there are some short, irregular thorns, some upright and others slightly curved. The five leaflets that make up the leaves are quite small, smooth on the outside, downy underneath and glandulous on the edges. The stem that supports the leaves is slightly hairy, a little thorny, with pointed bifurcated stipules at the base that are serrated on the edges. The roses, seldom single, nearly always bloom in threes at the ends of the branches.

Rosa gallica (Stapeliæ f lora) Stapelia-Flowered Variety of French Rose

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This rosebush grows to two or three feet. The leaves are made up of five quite large leaflets, usually rounded at the tip and on the bottom, green outside, paler and downy (tomentose) underneath, with short hairs on the edges, interspersed with glands. The supporting stem is bristly (hispid), glandulous, very occasionally covered with small thorns and equipped with large, bifurcated and pointed stipules at the top, serrated and glandulous on the edges. The flowers are sometimes single, sometimes grouped in threes; they bloom at the ends of twigs along the full length of the main canes: the roses are placed on long stems, covered with a large number of spiny and glandulous hairs.

Rosa gallica rosea (Flore simplici) French Rose

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This variety of Rosa Bifera seems like a very small shrub in comparison with all the individuals that make up the species: for this rosebush is barely one foot tall at the peak of its development. Its branches are covered with uneven thorns, usually quite small and nearly upright. The leaflets are rounded ovals, dark green on the outside, slightly hairy underneath and on the edges. They are carried on a glandulous stem, sometimes equipped with small thorns, with bifurcated stipules at its base, separated at the tip, and serrated and glandulous on the edges. The highly scented flowers grow closely together, gathered into bunches of three, seven or often as many as twelve or fifteen drooping and partial corymbs at the ends of the branches.

Rosa bifera pumila Variety of Small Autumn Damask Rose

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This rosebush will grow to two feet or more in a temperate greenhouse. Its branches are diffused and bifurcated, covered with uneven, hooked and sparse thorns. Leaves are composed of five, sometimes seven, leaflets, some oval, others pointed, shiny and green on the outside, paler underneath and finely serrated. The stem is slightly downy, equipped with some tiny thorns that extend out to the mid-rib of the leaflets. At the base of the stem there are two slim and serrated stipules with pointed tips. Scented flowers bloom, several together, at the ends of the branches. They have common stems that divide and subdivide into two forks with a great number of pedicels or partial peduncles, consistent with the rules of dichotomy.

Rosa indica dichotoma Variety of China Rose

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This rosebush is remarkable in that two distinct varieties can be found on the same plant, that is to say: the Centifolia Foliacea and the Centifolia Prolifera. When transformed into a rooted plant by layering (pegging down), it can grow to about two feet. Its canes, generally all the leafy part of the shrub, are similar, with the exception of its long divisions and its profuse flowers, like all known Centifolia.

Rosa centifolia Variety of Cabbage Rose

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This is a very elegant shrub that grows to a height of 15 to 20 inches at most. The flowering canes quite usually are thornless, even though the older ones can have some quite small and hooked thorns. The leaves are composed of five leaflets, smooth and green on the outside, paler underneath, very pointed and scalloped (crenated) with a tiny gland on each point. Their stem is glandulous, equipped on the under side with some small reddish, hooked thorns. At the base are two forked stipules, pointed at the top and serrated on the edges. The lightly scented flowers, almost as full and double as those of the Centifolia Rosa Indica, bloom in threes at the ends of branches, where they come together in a sort of umbel.

Rosa indica caryophillea Monthly Rose

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This beautiful rosebush is so well known by rose lovers that we almost feel that we do not need to present a description, which would be the same as the one that we already have provided for a great many individuals of the same group. It is one of the most magnificent varieties of the Gallica Rose from which it has been grown. The bush does not require any care; it only needs full sun, without which it would not be possible to obtain such brightly coloured petals. The rose is rarely entirely simple. Dutch nurserymen have been supplying it for nearly thirty years; DuPont is responsible for its reproduction in our collections. In some nurseries, this rose is called La Belle Sultane.

Rosa gallica Maheka (variet y Flore subsimplici) French Rose “Violacea”

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This rose can climb to great heights if care is taken to train it against a trellis. The canes usually are thornless, though sometimes thorns can be found on the lower branches. The leaves are made up of three, five, and most often, seven leaflets, smooth on both sides, pale green on the outside and slightly paler on the other side, simply dentated. The leaves grow on a smooth stem, studded with tiny reddish thorns, with two pointed, adnate stipules at its base. Their edges are serrated and they are washed in red when they are new. When the leaves are ready to fall, they turn green. Flowers bloom in groups at the ends of branches that grow the length of the main canes.

Rosa reclinata Simple Variety of Boursault Rose

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This is a very bushy shrub that grows to six or seven feet. Branches are covered with spiny hairs, some of which are flexible and others firm to the touch. Some nearly upright thorns are sparse on the branches, mainly those of the current year. These hairs and thorns persist, even on the smallest twigs, throughout the entire life of the shrub. The leaves are made up of nine to eleven leaflets, small, oval-oblong, doubly dentated, smooth on the upper side, slightly downy underneath. The stem from which they grow is covered with some very small thorns and has, at its base, two stipules with pointed tips. The flowers, nearly always single, bloom at the ends of twigs that grow along the full length of the main branches.

Rosa hispida (variet y Argentea) Apple Rose Hybrid

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The branches of this shrub are studded with a great many uneven thorns, some upright, others hooked. The leaves are composed of nearly round leaflets: their surface is scattered with irregular, yellowish spots. The stem that supports them is bristly (hispid), covered with several small, very sharp thorns. There are bifurcated stipules with a serrated border at the base of the stem. The flowers are highly scented, almost full, terminal, gathered into a corymb at the ends of the branches. The sections of the lamina, three pinnate and two simple, are glandulous and ciliate on the edges. The mediumsized corolla is composed of five to six rows of petals that resemble those of all the roses in the Biferae group.

Rosa bifera variegata Variegated Variety of Autumn Damask Rose

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This rose bush grows to two or three feet at most. The adult canes are studded with sparse thorns, quite strong and hooked. The leaves are composed of five bright green leaflets, smooth on top, paler underneath, finely and irregularly dentated. The stem that supports them is glandulous, covered with thorns that often extend to the mid-rib of the odd-numbered leaflets: at the base of the stem, there are two bifurcated and pointed stipules, with serrated edges. The usually single roses bloom at the ends of the branches that grow along the length of the canes. The flower stems (peduncles) are elongated, covered with little hairs that are rough to the touch, interspersed with sessile glands.

Rosa gallica gueriniana French Rose Hybrid

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This shrub grows as a bush that is about a foot and a half high. The canes bear some sparsely scattered small thorns: sometimes the flowering branches have no thorns at all. The leaves are made up of five wavy surfaced, waffled leaflets, similar to those of Indian multi-petals but smaller, firm to the touch, serrated and smooth. These leaflets are reddish when they begin to develop. They grow on stems that are equipped on their under side with some small, yellowish thorns. There are some thin stipules at the base of the stem, bifurcated at the top and serrated on their edges. The flowers, sometimes single, sometimes in pairs, bloom at the ends of the branches.

Rosa indica autumnalis Autumn-Flowering Variety of China Rose

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This is a very vigorous shrub that grows into a rosebush that can be as much as ten feet tall. Its canes, usually, do not have very many thorns, and some individuals may not have any at all. The leaves may have three leaflets, which is rare. Most often there are five to seven very large leaflets, smooth and dark green on the top side, paler and usually slightly fuzzy (villous) underneath. They grow on a stem that is nearly smooth and slightly glandulous. The flowers, lateral and terminal, appear in a hanging panicle: the peduncles that support them, as well as the elongated ovoids of the calyxes, are covered with a great many firm hairs ending in glands.

Rosa villosa evrathiana Rosa Evratina Bosc

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This shrub forms a bush that is 18 to 20 inches high and seems able to grow even higher. Its young canes are red-brown at first before turning greyish as they mature. They are equipped with a great many irregular thorns, upright, very close together, which extend to the common pedicle and the pedicels. The leaves are composed of five or seven leaflets that are dark green, quite small, elongated and pointed, rounded at the bottom, smooth on the outside and covered underneath, as on the edges, with tongues that are very close together and often branched. The roses are always upright, never drooping, sometimes single but most often grouped together at the ends of the branches.

Rosa muscosa anemone-flora Variety of Moss Rose

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This is a very bushy, vigorous shrub with many branches. It grows to be several feet high, with branches that are equipped with strong, reddish, hooked thorns. The leaves are composed of five or seven leaflets, rounded at the bottom and pointed on top, smooth on both sides, green and shiny on the outside of the leaf, paler underneath and simply notched (dentated). Their stem (petiole) is fuzzy (villous), with some small sessile glands and some small thorns. At the end of the stem there are two adnate stipules, pointed at the top and slashed on the edges. The flowers smell pleasantly sweet. They are grouped together at the ends of branches that extend the length of the main canes.

Rosa canina burboniana Bourbon Rose

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This rose grows to a height of six to seven feet on canes equipped with some strong, wide and hooked thorns. Other smaller thorns cover the stem that carries leaves composed of five to nine pointed, oblong leaflets. They are serrated, shiny dark green and downy on the underside. The flowers, in clusters (panicles), are lightly scented, white and carried by prickly stalks (peduncles) covered with glandulous hairs.

Rosa moschata Musk Rose

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The canes of this rose form a bush two or three feet tall, covered with numerous, straight, uneven and very sharp thorns. The leaves are composed of five oval leaflets, downy (tomentose) underneath, unevenly dentated, and glandulous near the edges. The leaflets grow on stalks that are fuzzy but not prickly (no thorns). Stalks, ovaries and the veined lobes of the calyx are covered with long, upright hairs that are greenish brown, glandulous and viscous, giving an overall mossy impression. The five-petalled flower is light pink and the hairs that surround its calyx give off a smooth and penetrating scent.

Rosa muscosa Single Moss Rose “Andrewsii”

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This rose grows on a thick bush that can be five or six feet high. Its branches are smooth but equipped with some small, upright thorns in pairs that look like stipules. The leaves are composed of seven or nine oval leaflets, smooth, shiny on the outside, paler underneath, unevenly serrated and carried on a stem covered with some very fine small thorns. The light pink flowers, slightly scented and of average size, grow in corymbs of three or four flowers at the ends of the branches.

Rosa lucida Virginia Rose

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The rose that we depict here is the one that Linnaeus described under the name of Rosa Indica. In our climate, these rosebushes grow to be two feet tall. Their branches are nearly always without small thorns. Their leaves are composed of five simply dentated leaflets, smaller than the others, with one, much-larger odd-numbered leaflet. Their stems (petioles) are equipped with some small, hooked thorns. The single flowers at the ends of the branches grow on elongated, smooth stems.

Rosa indica Monthly Rose

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This rosebush grows to a height of two or three feet, at most. The leaves are composed of seven, nine or sometimes eleven leaflets, dark green on the outside, and paler underneath, soft to the touch, sometimes obtuse, but quite often pointed ovals, glandulous, and unevenly serrated. They are carried by furry stems, equipped with some thorns and, at the base, elongated, ciliate stipules with purplish glands. The flowers grow on the ends of the branches, almost always singly, sometimes in pairs. They are large, scented, orange-red, almost mauve, and grow on short, reddish, smooth stems.

Rosa kamtschatica Japanese Rose

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This is a shrub of the same height and shape as our sweet briar. The outside leaves are composed of five oval leaflets, pointed, round at the base, dentated on the edges, one inch long sometimes less. The two surfaces of the leaflets are perfectly smooth; the upper side is dark green; the under side is paler and prominently veined. The stems to which the leaflets are attached by very short partial stems are sprinkled with small hairs on the inside and with sparse and slightly hooked small thorns on the outside. The two stipules are attached to the stem, with very small red glands on the edges. Single on the ends of young branches, the flowers are the size of the sweet briar’s flower and grow on a small, hairless and thornless stem.

Rosa montezuma Montezuma Rose

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The canes of this rosebush grow to a height of three to four feet. They are long, diffuse and entirely thornless, like those of most Alpine Roses, which makes it easy to distinguish from the rest. Leaves usually are composed of seven or nine leaflets; they are obtuse ovals, bright green on the outside, paler underneath, doubly serrated, carried by stems that are a bit rough to touch, covered with quite large basal stipules which become even larger towards the tip of the branch and are very finely serrated. The roses droop sometimes but not always; they are single, rarely in pairs, and placed at the ends of fuzzy, glandulous stems.

Rosa alpina (variet y Pendulina) Alpine Rose

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This rosebush grows to four or five feet. Its elongated canes turn reddish with age, a bit like those of the Cinnamon Rose; they are completely thornless. Leaves, made up of five, seven or nine smooth, oval, nearly always doubly serrated leaflets, and are carried by slightly hairy stems, with large, forked stipules. Flowers, sometimes single, sometimes two or three together are terminal and axillary; they grow on stems that are smooth and covered with oval and lightly dentated bracts.

Rosa alpina (variet y Laevis) Hudson Bay Rose

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This rose grows on bushy shrubs that grow to a height of three or four feet. The canes are equipped with uneven, reddish thorns, some upright and others curved. Leaves are composed of five simply dentated leaflets that are smooth on the outside, downy and sometimes coloured underneath. The leaflet stems are hairy, glandulous and covered with some curved thorns. The flowers grow in a type of cluster (panicle) formed by their grouping in twos and threes at the ends of the branches.

Rosa damascena (Subalba) Blush Gallica

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This rose is easily distinguished because of the many soft, flat, greyish hairs that cover the leaflets of its leaves, as well as because of its large and upright fruit which have earned its name, Apple Rose. Its canes can climb to more than twelve feet. They are equipped with sparse, greyish and nearly upright thorns. The leaves are composed of five or seven leaflets, deeply dentated, soft to touch, downy on both sides and carried on downy stems that are often covered with some very small, short prickles. The flowers are lightly scented and grow together at the ends of the branches. They are supported by prickly stems, as well as by ovaries that are awlshaped (subulated) by stiff and glandulous hairs.

Rosa villosa Apple Rose

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We will not describe this rosebush. Suffice it to say that, except for its five-petalled corolla, it looks exactly like the Centifolia. Still, its canes are less thorny and its stems, as well as its calyxes are not as glandulous.

Rosa centifolia (Flore simplici) Single Cabbage Rose

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189

This is a twisted rose, naturally climbing, that appears straight when it attaches itself to nearby trees and bushes. Its elongated branches are reddish, sometimes violet, equipped with quite strong, hooked thorns. Its leaves are composed of seven oval leaflets, smooth, green on the outside, paler underneath, carried by downy, thorny stems. The flowers are white and scented, growing on slightly hairy stems that grow closely together at the ends of twigs, which grow the length of the main branches.

Rosa arvensis (Ovata) Field Rose

190

191

If what botanists and travellers say is true – that this rose is native to South Asia – one can believe that its blooms, which so intensely exude the musky scent particular to the species, are used, along with the roses of Kashmir (well known in the Orient for their beauty and their perfume) for the composition of essential oils of the rose.

Rosa moschata (Flore semi-pleno) Semi-Double Musk Rose

192

193

This beautiful bush grows to a height of about three feet. The branches of the year are covered with a great many thorns, nearly upright, uneven and red. Those on the growth of previous years are yellowish and persistent. The leaves are composed of five or seven smooth, pointed oval leaflets that are greyish-green, finely dentated, and more or less covered by a pink tint underneath. The leaflets grow on stems with two or three thorns and with coloured, glandulous stipules at the top. Flowers bloom in twos and threes at the ends of twigs that grow along reddish branches that have pointed oval bracts at their base.

Rosa redutea (Glauca) Redouté Rose

194

195

This very common rosebush that one comes across nearly everywhere in Europe has been called the Cinnamon Rose because of the colour of its canes which are, in fact, reminiscent of cinnamon – but not because of the scent of its blooms, which, while quite pleasant, does not have anything to do with the scent of cinnamon sticks or barks. The bush often grows to more than ten feet. Its canes are wild red, and studded with thorns located in pairs near the leaf stipules as well as near the outgrowth of new branches. Semi-double blooms are quite pleasantly scented and grow on stems that are often single but that can be found in pairs or groups of three.

Rosa cinnamomea (Majalis) Double May Rose

196

197

A bushy shrub that grows to be a foot and a half or two feet tall, at most. Its canes are covered with uneven thorns that grow closely together, are very fine, hooked and barely dilated at their base. Leaves are composed of five or seven oval leaflets, simply dentated, downy (tomentose) underneath and supported by a hairy (villous) stem. Flowers are lightly scented and grow in groups of three and four to form a sort of umbel at the ends of the branches.

Rosa damascena (Coccinea) Portland Rose “Duchess of Portland”

198

199

The Carnation Rose is not a very bushy shrub, and grows to a height of about two feet. Its canes are divergent and green, covered with quite a large number of thorns; some are very small, while others are long, reddish and slightly hooked, especially those that appear next to the stipules. Leaves are composed of three to five point oval leaflets, bright green on the outside, paler and downy on the under side, with edges covered by a light fuzz mixed with some glandulous hairs. They are carried by a hairy (villous) stem that is often studded with slightly viscous glands that have, at their base, elongated, pointed stipules, with indented edges that also are hairy and glandulous. The terminal flowers bloom in groups of three, sometimes of six, at the ends of the branches.

Rosa centifolia (Caryophyllea) Carnation Petalled Variety of Cabbage Rose

200

201

This little rosebush blooms uninterruptedly in our garden from the middle of May until frost. Mr. Colleville obtained it from seed. Mr. Noisette introduced it to France, and we saw it, for the first time, in his nursery where it was named Bengal Pompom. The bush is barely eight to ten inches tall, at most. Its pink flowers are usually single; two or three together is quite rare. They grow on long, smooth stems that sometimes show very small, glandulous hairs.

Rosa indica (variet y Pumila) Double Miniature Rose

202

203

This is a shrub with diffuse branches, which does not grow to be very tall. Its sleek branches are light green when they are new; they are sparsely covered with slightly hooked thorns. New, annual growth is nearly always smooth and thornless. Leaves are made up of five or seven rounded leaflets, dark green on the outside, paler and downy underneath. They grow on hairy (villous) stems that have several small hooked thorns. Blooms are lateral and terminal, sometimes single, sometimes in groups of three or four.

Rosa alba (Flore pleno) Semi-Double White Rose

204

205

This shrub, which was hard to find for a long time, today grows in almost every garden. It is slightly less hardy than the Four Seasons Autumn Damask. Its canes separate into diffused branches, almost twisted; bristles with stiff and glandulous hairs and covered with thorns, some upright and some slightly hooked. Leaves are composed of five round or elliptical leaflets, evenly dentated, and light green on the outside, paler and downy underneath and on the edges. Flowers are full, terminal, upright and gathered into a sort of corymb containing three, seven, ten or even more blooms that spread the suave scent so particular to this species.

Rosa bifera (Alba) White Variety of Autumn Damask Rose

206

207

A bushy two to three foot shrub. Its canes are equipped with wide-based, hooked thorns. Leaves are composed of five to seven leaflets that smell like apples when rubbed between the fingers. The leaflets are simply dentated, with jagged teeth, equipped underneath and on the edges with hairs mixed with viscous and sessile glands. The leaflets grow on a hairy (villous) and glandulous stem, studded with some small, curved, yellow thorns. At the base of each stem there are large stipules, spread, forked, sharp at the tip and glandulous on the edges. Flowers are often single, sometimes in twos or threes at the ends of little twigs that grow the full length of the main branches; their light scent is reminiscent of the scent of the leaves of this rosebush.

Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar

208

209

This is a shrub that grows into a rosebush that is five to six feet tall. Its smooth canes are equipped with long, sparse, reddish and nearly upright thorns, particularly on branches that do not bear flowers; those that can be found close to the stipules are nearly double (geminated). Leaves are composed of five, seven, or sometimes nine leaflets on a hairy, glandulous stem that has some small hooked thorns that often extend on to the main mid-rib of the odd-numbered leaflet. Flowers are small, with practically no scent. They usually are single, but sometimes two or three can be found together at the ends of the small branches that grow the length of the main branches.

Rosa foetida Foul-Fruited Variety of Tomentose Rose

210

211

This is a shrub that grows into a bush that is four or five feet tall. The flower-bearing branches are glossy and absolutely smooth. At their base, adult canes carry a great many short, nearly upright thorns that are very close together. Leaves are composed of seven oval and simply dentated leaflets, smooth on the outside, slightly downy underneath, especially the veins. Flowers are scented, at the ends of the branches and blooming in groups to form a sort of corymb. The calyx tube is smooth and quite globular, like the stem that supports it. There is a heart-shaped corolla with five petals that is more or less red, depending on the exposure of the shrub.

Rosa cinnamomea (Flore simplici) May Rose

212

213

The adult canes of this shrub are covered with rare, sparse thorns, foreshortened, that are barely dilated at their base. The flower-bearing branches are bristled with uneven, reddish thorns, some quite frail, others more robust. Leaves are composed of five or seven pointed oval leaflets, whole at their base, bright green outside, paler and downy underneath like their edges, which are simply and shallowly dentated. They grow on hairy stems, covered with small reddish sessile glands and with forked, slightly downy stipules at their base. Flowers are pleasantly sweet-scented and bloom in groups at the ends of branches to form a sort of loose cluster (panicle).

Rosa damascena Damask Rose “York and Lancaster”

214

215

This rosebush grows to a height of two or three feet. Its smooth, green canes are furnished with long, hooked thorns, but only on adult canes and non-flower-bearing branches; flowering branches have hardly any thorns. Leaflets are oval-oblong, pointed at the base and at the tip, smooth on the outside, downy and covered on the underside and edges with a great many viscous and sessile glands. The stem of the leaflet is covered with some small greenish thorns and the same type of glands; at the base of the stem there are forked stipules, with pointed auricles, full and glandulous on the edges.

Rosa rubiginosa (Zabeth) Sweetbriar “Zabeth”

216

217

This is a shrub that rises to a height of seven to eight feet. Its branches are covered with big thorns, hooked, and much dilated at their base. The new branches are smooth and slightly reddish. The leaves are composed of five or seven oval/spear-shaped (lanceolate) leaflets, simply dentated, shiny on top, downy underneath and on the edges. They grow on a downy stem that is covered with little thorns that sometimes spread out to the mid-rib of the odd-numbered leaflet. The flowers, nearly scentless, bloom in an umbel-like cluster.

Rosa collina Rose of the Hills

218

219

A bushy shrub that belongs to the group of thornless (Turbinata) roses. It grows to barely a foot and a half, more or less. Its branches are covered with a great many uneven thorns, more or less long, placed very close to each other. The leaves are composed of five, seven or nine elliptical, smooth leaflets, green on the outside, paler on the underside, simply and quite deeply dentated. They grow on a hairy (villous), glandulous stem that has a few small thorns. Flowers are pale pink, semi-double, scented and of average size. They bloom in twos or threes at the ends of twigs that extend the full length of the main branches. Flower stalks (pedicels) are covered with spiny hairs placed closely together.

Rosa orbessanea “Francofurtana”

220

221

This shrub grows to a height of six to eight feet. Adult branches are equipped with thorns that are quite big, hooked, widely spaced and not very numerous. Cane tips and young branches are entirely without thorns. Leaves are composed of five, or very rarely seven, leaflets that are pale green, elliptical, pointed at the tip, round at the base, irregularly dentated, downy on both sides and covered on the underside with a great many viscous glands. They grow on a hairy stem that also has some small hooked thorns. At the base of the stems there are pointed stipules with slightly lacy tips. Flowers usually bloom singly at the ends of twigs that extend the length of the main branches. Still, sometimes there are two or three together in a type of corymb.

Rosa rubiginosa Small Flowered Eglantine

222

223

This shrub, according to Wildenow, grows in Southeast Asia, where its big, tall canes are nearly thornless. In the climate of France, however, the plant is feeble and does not grow to be very tall. Its smooth branches are covered with a few sparse, reddish, hooked thorns that are sometimes paired (geminated). Leaves are composed of five finely pointed leaflets, an inch and a half or two inches long, longer on vigorous specimens, with the odd-numbered leaf always longer than the others, smooth on both sides, with its edge simply and widely dentated. Leaflet stems show glandulous points and some small thorns. At the base of the stems, there are fine stipules which are auricular and barely glandulous. Flowers are rarely single; more often, they bloom in a kind of umbel, in threes or fours, at the ends of the branches.

Rosa longifolia China Rose “Longfolia”

224

225

This shrub grows to be about six or seven feet high. Its branches are equipped with sparse thorns, some of which are upright and others hooked, widely dilated at the base and often paired (geminated) near the stipules. Leaves are composed of five, seven or rarely nine leaflets, oval or nearly round on those that grow wild, oblong on those that grow in gardens. The leaflets are green on the outside, paler underneath, smooth, unevenly dentated with a great many glands on the notch tips. Leaflet stems are covered with glandulous hairs and nearly always with small hooked thorns. At the base of the stems, there are large, forked (bifid) stipules with pointed tips, also fringed with glandulous hairs. Flowers, sometimes single, sometimes together in twos and threes, bloom at the ends of twigs spread along the length of the main branches.

Rosa malmundariensis Malmedy Rose

226

227

A branchy, climbing shrub, that is able to reach great heights if it is attached to a support. From its base, it spreads out into long, whip-like branches that grow in different directions, smooth, green and without thorns. Foliage is composed of three, or most often five or seven oval, elliptical leaflets, shiny on both sides, finely and simply saw-toothed (dentated); each tooth has a glandulous hair at the tip. Leaflets grow on a stem that is smooth on the outside and covered with soft, flat hairs on the underside; these hairs extend out to the veins of the leaves. Flowers are small with a suave and penetrating scent, reminiscent of Parma violets. The roses bloom on twigs that cover the length of the main branches.

Rosa banksiae Banks Rose “Lady Banksia Snowflake”

228

229

This is a bush that grows to be two or three feet tall. Its smooth branches present only a few sparse and nearly upright thorns; sometimes none at all. Leaves are composed of five spear-shaped (lancellated) leaflets, sometimes as much as three or four inches long, spaced widely apart, dark green and smooth on the outside, more or less downy underneath, very prominently veined, unevenly dentated, with edges that curl under so that they look more or less like little boats. Their stems are slight downy, with adnate stipules that divide into bifid auricles. Flowers are medium-sized, very pure white; they bloom, several together, in a sort of corymb at the ends of the branches.

Rosa alba (Cymboefolia) White Rose “À feuilles de Chanvre”

230

231

This shrub can grow to a great height. Its canes are sparsely equipped with thorns, some of which are upright and others hooked. Leaves are made up of five leaflets, four or six times larger than those of the Evergreen roses of our forests, smooth and shiny, especially on the outside, rounded at the base, pointed at the tip, simply and finely toothed. They grow on hairy, glandulous stems that also have small, hooked thorns. At the base of the stems there are two adnate stipules which divide into pointed, forked auricles that are lacy and glandulous on the edges. Flowers are pleasantly scented and bloom in umbel-like groups of three, six or even more at the ends of branches that grow the length of the main canes.

Rosa sempervirens (Latifolia) Variety of Evergreen Rose

232

233

This is a modification of the Alpine Rose that was communicated to Mr. Memeunier by Mr. Poilpré, a nurseryman in Mans. The shrub grows to three or four feet; it looks, in all respects, like the Alpine Rose (already described) and is noteworthy only for its pink petals pleasantly variegated with bright red. Flowers are quite small, but the bush blooms continuously from early Spring through August, especially when it is planted facing north.

Rosa alpina (Flore variegato) Striped Variety of Hudson Bay Rose

234

235

This frail shrub grows to be barely one and a half feet tall. Overall, it resembles the double-flowered Pompom Rose, except that, as depicted here, it is slightly less thorny and it presents flowers with rarely five and nearly always six or seven petals at most, some with a distinctive point.

Rosa pomponia (Flore subsimplici) Variety of Cabbage Rose

236

237

A tall and many-branched shrub. Its branches are equipped with numerous whitish, hooked thorns. Its leaves are composed of five or seven leaflets, most often very small, with pairs separated from each other, pointed at the tip and at the base, free of hairs (glabrous) on top, glandulous underneath, edged with teeth angled forward (serrated) and also glandulous. Leaf stems are long, with glands, thorns and, two forked (bifid) stipules at the bottom. Flowers often are single, sometimes grouped together in twos and threes; they bloom on twigs that grow on the main branches.

Rosa sepium Grassland Rose

238

239

A bushy shrub that grows to be four or five feet high. Its hairless (glabrous) branches have sparse, yellowish, nearly upright thorns when they are mature but paired (geminated) when they are new and flowering. Leaves are made up of five or seven very large leaflets, more or less oval, dark green on the outside, grey-green underneath, deeply and unevenly edged with untangled teeth (dentated), covered on both sides and on the edges with glandulous and viscous hairs. When rubbed between the fingers, the leaflets of this rosebush give off a strong smell of turpentine. Flowers are terminal, lateral, small, almost odourless, sometimes single, sometimes in groups of three or four in umbels; their stems (peduncles) within the umbel are short and bristled with stiff and glandulous hairs.

Rosa villosa (Terebenthina) Hairy Rose (with turpentine odour)

240

241

This shrub, known in our nurseries as the Petite Hessoise Rose, grows to a height of three or four feet. Leaves are composed of five, or rarely seven, mediumsized leaflets, more or less round, almost smooth (hairless) on the outside, covered with glandulous and viscous hairs underneath and the edges, often rustcoloured, and smelling of apples when rubbed between the fingers. Flowers either bloom alone or in groups of three or four on bristly stems, with nearly ovoid calyx tubes that have long spine-shaped hairs, most of which are topped by a small gland.

Rosa rubiginosa (Flore semi-pleno) Semi-Double Sweet Briar

242

243

This beautiful species most probably originated in China or in neighbouring countries and seems to have been introduced in Europe by Lord Macartney, or, at least, at more or less the same time. It tolerates being planted in the ground in a southern (Montpellier) climate, blooming from the middle to the end of May, before the Bracteata rose. Own-rooted specimens produce suckers that can be layered for reproduction. It can be grafted, like the Bengal Rose, onto common species, but without much success. It likes rich and slightly damp soil; its foliage will turn yellow if it is too damp or too dry. So far, its flowers always have been single (four to seven petals); if it could be grown successfully to produce double (full) flowers, this species of rose would be one of the most beautiful in our gardens because of the brilliant whiteness of its flowers and the beauty of its foliage.

Rosa nivea Cherokee Rose

244

245

This shrub is fairly common in the woods and hedgerows around Paris. It can be found as well in northern Europe. It grows as a bushy shrub to a height of three, four and, often, six feet. Its leaves are composed of five, or more rarely, seven rounded-oval leaflets, green and smooth (glabrous) on the outside, paler green and downy (tomentose) underneath, usually edged with single, upright teeth (dentated); sometimes, however, these teeth are uneven at the top; these leaflets are a bit firmer to the touch and their prominent veins are nearly parallel. Flowers bloom in groups of three or five, in short and tight clusters (umbels), at the ends of branches that grow the full length of main canes.

Rosa dumentorum Rose of the Bushes

246

247

This shrub seems able to grow to great heights and even to cover arbours and bowers. Its smooth, thornless branches are reddish brown on the parts that are exposed to the sun. Leaves are made up of seven elongated leaflets that are larger than those of the Willow-leaved Marsh Rose, bright green on the outside, paler underneath, smooth (glabrous) on both sides, edged with a single row of straight teeth (dentated). They grow on a stalk with small, reddish, hooked thorns on the underside. Stipules at the base curl in on themselves; they are auricled and slightly downy on the edges. Flowers bloom singly, more rarely in pairs, on the ends of branches that grow out of the length of the main branches.

Rosa hudsoniana (Scandens) Semi-Double Variety of Marsh Rose

248

249

Index A Alpine Rose

181

Anjou-Rose

55

Apothecary’s Rose

23

Apple Rose

187

Apple Rose Hybrid

155

Austrian Copper Rose

21

Austrian Yellow Rose

19

Autumn Damask Rose

41

Autumn-Flowering Variety of China Rose

161

B Banks Rose “Lady Banksia Snowflake”

229

Blush Gallica

185

Bourbon Rose

167

Boursault Rose

91

Burnet Rose “Double Pink Scotch Briar”

45

Burnet Rose of Marienburg

29

C Cabbage Rose Cabbage Rose “Anemonoides” 250

75 101

Cabbage Rose “Petite de Hollande” Cabbage Rose “White Provence” Carnation Petalled Variety of Cabbage Rose Celery-Leaved Variety of Cabbage Rose Cherokee Rose China Rose China Rose “Longfolia” China Rose “Old Blush China” Cottony Rose (variety with double flowers) Creeping French Rose

121 43 201 57 245 65 225 13 5 77

D Damask Rose “Celsiana” Damask Rose “York and Lancaster”

73, 113 215

De Candolle Rose

71

Double May Rose

197

Double Miniature Rose

203

Double Moss Rose

11

Double Pasture Rose

83

Double Variety of China Rose

67

E “Empress Josephine”

49 251

F Field Rose

191

Foul-Fruited Variety of Tomentose Rose

211

“Francofurtana”

221

French Rose

141

French Rose “Duchesse d’Orléans” French Rose Hybrid

119 131, 159

French Rose “Rose d’Amour”

53

French Rose “The Bishop”

63

French Rose “Versicolor”

51

French Rose “Violacea”

151

G Grassland Rose Grassland Rose (variety Semi-Double)

239 97

H Hairy Rose (with turpentine odour)

241

Hudson Bay Rose

183

J Japanese Rose

177

L Large-Flowered Variety of French Rose

137

Large-Leaved Variety of French Rose

109

Lettuce-Leaved Cabbage Rose 252

9

M Malmedy Rose

227

Marbled Variety of French Rose

135

Marsh Rose

35

May Rose

213

Montezuma Rose

179

Monthly Rose

105, 149, 175

Monthly Rose “Slater’s Crimson China”

47

Moss Rose “De Meaux”

17

Multiflora “Seven Sisters Rose”

81

Musk Rose

169

N Noisette-Rose

85

P Pasture Rose

27

Portland Rose “Duchess of Portland”

199

Portland Rose “Rose du Roi”

111

Provins Royal

61

R Redouté Rose Redouté Rose with Red Stems and Prickles Rosa Evratina Bosc

195 39 163 253

Rose of the Bushes

247

Rose of the Hills

219

Rosenberg Rose

99

S Semi-Double Musk Rose

193

Semi-Double Sweet Briar

243

Semi-Double Variety of Marsh Rose

103

Semi-Double Variety of Marsh Rose

249

Semi-Double White Rose

205

Short-Styled Rose

33

Simple Variety of Boursault Rose

153

Single Cabbage Rose

189

Single Moss Rose “Andrewsii”

171

Small Flowered Eglantine

223

Stapelia-Flowered Variety of French Rose

139

Striped Variety of Hudson Bay Rose

235

Sulphur Rose

7

Sweet Briar

209

Sweetbriar “Zabeth”

217

T Tea-Rose “Hume’s Blush Tea scented China” Thornless Burnet Rose Tomentose Rose (variety Semi-Double) 254

15 115 87

V Van Eeden Rose Variegated Variety of Autumn Damask Rose Variety of Cabbage Rose Variety of China Rose

59 157 25, 79, 93, 147, 237 129, 145

Variety of Damask Rose

125

Variety of Evergreen Rose

233

Variety of French Rose

95, 133

Variety of French Rose or Cabbage Rose

123

Variety of French Rose “L’Enfant de France”

127

Variety of French Rose “Rose d’André du Pont”

107

Variety of French Rose “Rosier de Provins”

89

Variety of Moss Rose

165

Variety of Small Autumn Damask Rose

143

Variety of Sweet Briar

117

Virginia Rose

173

W White Moss Rose White Rose “À feuilles de Chanvre”

31 231

White Rose “Celestial”

69

White Rose “Great Maiden’s Blush”

37

White Variety of Autumn Damask Rose

207 255