Roman Roads and Milestones of Asia Minor: Fasc. 1: The Pilgrim's Road 9780860541233, 9781407324494

Table of contents :
Cover Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Introduction
Roman Roads in Asia Minor: A Publication Framework
List of Text Figures
List of Tables
List of Maps
Abbreviations
Bibliography
The Pilgrim’s Road
Literary Evidence
Archaeological Evidence
Modern Data
Identifications and Topographical Notes
Date of Construction and Reconstruction
Iuliopolis and Lagania - Anastasioupolis
Footnotes
Appendix: Milestones on the Pilgrim’s Road
Appendix: Road Inscriptions on the Pilgrim's Road
Tables and Maps
Roads: Definitions
Legend
Maps

Citation preview

Roman Roads and Milestones of Asia Minor Fasc. 1 : The Pilgrim's Road

Roma cag1nda Kiici.ik Asya' daki yollar ve 1!1il ta�lar1 Fasikiil I : Hac1 Yolu David French

British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara Monograph No. 3

BAR International Series I o S 1981

B.A.R.,

B.A.R.

122 Banbury

Road, Oxford OX2 7BP, England

GENERAL EDITORS A. R. Hands, E.Se., ::\I.A., D.Phil. D. R. Walker, ::\I.A. B.A.R. S 105, 1981, "Roman Roads and Milestones of Asia Minor, Facs.I: The Pilgrim 's Road". ©David French and the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara, 1981. B.I.A.A. monograph series:1.

(BAR S80, 1980). ''Asvan Kale; Keban Rescue Excavations, Eastern Anatolia. I. The Hellenistic, Roman and Islamic Sites ''. by Stephen Mitchell.

2.

(BAR S85, 1980). "Pre-Classical Pottery of Eastern Anatolia; based on a survey by Charles Burney of sites along the Euphrates and e.round Lake Van''. by H. F. Russell.

The author’s moral rights under the 1988 UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act are hereby expressly asserted. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be copied, reproduced, stored, sold, distributed, scanned, saved in any form of digital format or transmitted in any form digitally, without the written permission of the Publisher. ISBN 9780860541233 paperback ISBN 9781407324494 e-book DOI https://doi.org/10.30861/9780860541233 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library This book is available at www.barpublishing.com

C ONTENTS P age I NTRODUCTION R OMAN R OADS

1 I N A SIA M INOR

:A P UBLICATION FRAMEWORK

3

L IST O F T EXT F IGURES

4

L IST O F TABLES

5

L IST O F MAPS

6

L IST O F A BBREVIATIONS

7

B IBLIOGRAPHY

8

T HE

P ILGRIM'S L ITERARY

R OAD

1 3

E VIDENCE

1 4

ARCHAEOLOGICAL E VIDENCE

1 5

MODERN DATA

2 8

I DENTIFICATIONS DATE O F

A ND T OPOGRAPHICAL N OTES

C ONSTRUCTION

2 9

R ECONSTRUCTIONS

3 2

I ULIOPOLIS AND LAGANIA - A NASTASIOUPOLIS

3 3

F OOTNOTES

4 7

A PPENDIX

:M ILESTONES

A PPENDIX

:R OAD

TABLES R OADS L EGEND MAPS

O N T HE

I NSCRIPTIONS

P ILGRIM 'S ON T HE

R OAD

P ILGRIM'S

: I TINERARIA AND M EASURED D ISTANCES : D EFINITIONS ( MAPS

2 -7)

4 9 R OAD

9 7 1 01 1 28 1 29 1 30

I NTRODUCTION

T his

a nd

s ucceeding f ascicules

o n t he R oman r oads

c ontain t he p reliminary r esults a nother p roject, f or A sia M inor, A ll

t he

t his

f ascicule h as s ince

o f m ilestones

I nscriptionum L atinarum v olume X VII,

c ome

f ascicule

5 .

t he e pigraphic m aterial p resented i n

t o h and

i n t he

1 974 a long t he

c ourse o f

r oute

p reliminary n otice h as b een g iven

o f

( French

b een p ublished,

i llustrating i n o ne

b ackground

a ims

( the

o f A sia M inor w ill

r esearch u ndertaken a longside

n amely , t he p reparation o f a c orpus C orpus

f ield d ata a nd m uch o f

c arried o ut

o f

a nd m ethods)

c ase

a nd

a nd

t ravels

t he P ilgrim 's

s urveys

R oad.

O ne

1 976)

a rticles h ave

a nd

( French

i n

t wo

1 974)

t he o ther

t he

t heoretical

( French

1 980)

a

s ummary o f m y w ork o n R oman r oads a nd m ilestones. I n c ommitting t o p aper t he r esults o f m y w ork, I h ave a ttempted t o c reate a p rototype i n w hich

I m aintain t wo e lementary p rinciples:

c onsistent

f ramework b y w hich o ne

r oads,

t o d efine

( 2)

t he

c ategories

m aps p resented

i n e ach

o n p age

a l ater d ate

t o

3 .

A t

c ategorize

t he

h ave p reserved.

I n

t hanking m y

w hich

o f

I h ope

f ollows.

N evertheless

t hey h ave g iven

t herefore,

I a m d eeply t o m e.

t o

s et

i tineraries d own o n

I w ould n ot w ish

B urhan T ezcan,

g rateful

t he

A ykut Ö zet a nd ç etin A nlagan.

S edat H eper a nd

T o t he D irectors o ffer m y warmest

i n 1 974),

t hank f or

T o

t he M inistry R epresent:

( 1977),

A hmet T irpan

( 1975),

M ahmut A slan

I brahim A talay

( Iznik),

A bdullah K arakaya

( Aksaray),

M uch o f m y w ork w as

v ilayet o f A nkara:

I a m,

t herefore,

M ustafa A kkaya,

c arried o ut v ery

g rateful

i n t he t o

T o

f or m e

d rawn o ut m ilestones t heir c alm a nd p atient

S ue

a nd

S teve C lews.

p reparation o f

t he

t ext:

M ary C halwers

a nd a dvice

S encer

E lmar S chwertheim,

T homas D rew-Bear

I a m g rateful

I a m i ndebted

( quoted b y A nderson 1 899,

l abours: t yped

i t.

f or

6 9 a nd n .

t he 1 ).

1

i n

J on

t he

T o b oth m y

t o m y c olleagues

S tephen M itchell,

I o ffer m y

G erry H all,

J ean G reenhalgh h elped

F or m uch h elp a hin,

a nd m aps

E rol

t he D irector o f

R aci T emizer.

t hose w ho h ave

t o ( Izmit),

l arge

t he M useum o f A natolian C ivilization a t A nkara,

M orter a nd

( 1978).

i nto w hose m useums a nd a reas I s trayed, I w ish • • „ • • t hanks: N ecati D olunay ( Istanbul), G urel O gut

( Nigde).

a ppreciation f or

f or t he

a nd w ho g ive m uch p ractical

O rhan G ürman

I brahim A talay

t o

A nkara,

l ate H ikmet G ür ay,

I a m p rofoundly g rateful

( Ministry r epresentative

t he h elp a nd

t o o ffer m y g ratitude

i ts m embers:

a ccompanied m e o n m y s urveys

a dvice a nd a ssistance,

f or

I n p articular I w ish

t he M inistry o f C ulture,

u nderstanding a nd p atience o f

F aydall

a ncient

i n a l ucid a nd s traightforward,

p ermission t o c arry o ut m y r esearch a nd

E min T an

t he

i n o utline o f m y a ttempt

m anner.

a nd c olleagues,

t he D irectorate G eneral o f

( 1976),

g iven

r esults

a ssociated w ith c ritical d isapproval f or t he b ald a ccount

a dvice w hich

a tives w ho

t he

d eliberately t ried

a nd s ummaries

f riends

t o e stablish a

f ramework i s

t o p resent

t he d ata w hich

I h ave

f actual,

( 1)

i nformation r elating t o

i nformation i llustrated o n t he

T his

i nformation a nd

i n a s tarkly

t hem t o b e

f ascicule.

A bove a ll

p aper m y o bservations i ndeed

c an o rder

i n t he

A lan H all.

t hanks. f ield: T o

x erox-copy o f L ejean's n ote

F inally,

l et m e o ffer m y

a cquaintances, t ravelled, t he

t o

f armers

t o

t hanks

t o a h ost o f T urkish

t he o fficials

t he m uhtars

i n t he p rovinces

f riends

a nd

t hrough w hich I

a nd h ouseholders o f c ountless v illages,

a nd s hepherds w herever w e m et t hem :

t o a ll

I w ish

t o

t o

r eturn m y e steem a nd g ratitude.

N OTES F OR T HE R EADER M aps:

t he b ase m aps w hich h ave b een u sed i n t his

w ill b e u sed

i n s ucceeding f ascicules

a re a s

f ascicule

( 1) ( Map 1 ) T urkish 1 :100,000, G eological b ase m aps, A nkara : M aden T etkik v e A rama E nstitüsü. ( 2)

T urkish 1 :200,000,

a nd w hich

f ollows:

p rinted c .

1 935.

A nkara

1 :500,000,

p rinted

n o d ate.

:H arita G enel

M üdürlügü. ( 3)

( Maps

s eparate A nkara ( 4)

3 -7)

:M .S.B.

( Map

A nkara

T urkish

s heets o r a s

2 )

a b ound v olume,

1 977;

a vailable a s

t he Y eni T ürkiye A tlasi.

H arita G enel M üdürlügü.

T urkish

1 :1,000,000,

T ürkiye-Fiziki,

p rinted

1 977.

:H arita G enel M üdürlüg sü

M ap d etails

g iven i n t he

t ext

( e.g.

o n p .

3 6:

B olu 4 7- 0

r efer

t o

t he

T urkish 1 :200,000 s eries. P hotographs: f inal

I i ntend

f ascicule.

o f R oman r oads

t o p ublish a s election o f p hotographs

T hey w ill b e

c hosen t o

i n A sia M inor e .g.

p reservation,

r egional v ariation,

F ield N otes:

a s et o f

t he B ritish

t errain,

l ater

m icrofiche.

f ield n otes h as b een p laced

i t m ay b e p ossible

T he n otes

t o

s tates o f

t ransfer

i n t he a rchives o f i s

a vailable

t hese n otes

f or

o n t o

a re m y c ontemporary r ecord o f r oad o bservations,

d istances,

t opography a nd

o utline o r

s ummary b ased o n t hese n otes.

I ndices:

c onstruction,

i nter a lia.

I nstitute o f A rchaeology a t A nkara a nd

i nspection:

i n t he

i llustrate d ifferent a spects

t errain.

t hese w ill b e p repared

T he

i n t he

t ables,

f inal

f igs.

1 -11,

a re a n

f ascicule.

P OSTSCRIPTUM W ith g reat k indness w hich h as

Iw ould

s hown m e x eroxed p ages o f h is

i n t he

s eries,

l ike h ere

t o r ecord D r

S encer

I nschriften G riechischer S tädte a us K leinasien.

I h ave b een a ble

t o a ccept

m y t ypescript , which w as

a hin

f orthcoming p ublication o n B ithynia

s everal v aluable r eadings m ade b y D r.

a ll-but r eady

f or p hotography,

A lthough a hin,

c ould n ot b e

s ubstantially a ltered. I h ope, t herefore, t o r ectify t his omission i n m y f inal p ublication f or t he C orpus I nscriptionum L atinarum, a nd t o i nclude

t he

r esults o f D r 5 ahin's w ork.

2

R OMAN R OADS A ND M ILESTONES O F A SIA M INOR A P ublication F ramework

L ITERARY E VIDENCE 1 .

I tineraria

2 .

Ancient S ources

ARCHAEOLOGICAL E VIDENCE 1 .

2 .

3 .

4 .

R oad S urface ( a)

C ourse

( b)

C onstruction

E pigraphic

S ites

( a)

M ilestones

( b)

R oad I nscriptions

( c)

G eneral

a nd M onuments ( a)

S ites

( b)

B ridges

( c)

C auseways

a nd P aved F ords

C oins

M ODERN DATA 1 .

M easured D istances

2 .

M odern O bservations

I DENTIFICATIONS A ND T OPOGRAPHICAL N OTES ( including c omment o n s ources)

DATE O F C ONSTRUCTION A ND R ECONSTRUCTION(S)

L IST O F T EXT F IGURES

F ig.

1 :

S chematic p lan a nd s ection o f a R oman r oad

( cp.

F rench 1 980,

7 13 a nd D iagram 6 ).

F ig.

2 :

S chematic s ection o f a n e mbanked R oman r oad.

F ig.

3 :

S chematic s ection o f a R oman r oad c ut

F ig.

4 :

S chematic s ection o f a R oman r oad with e mbankment a nd f ooting c ut

F ig.

5 :

F ig.

6 :

i nto a r ock s lope.

i nto a r ock s lope.

S chematic p lan o f aP aved F ord o n a R oman r oad.

I uliopolis-Ancyra: a nd I tin.

e mendations

B urd.

4

t o T ab.

P eut.,

I tin.

Ant.

L IST O F T ABLES

1 .

Nicomedia - Nicaea ( a) ( b)

2 .

3 .

4 .

5 .

6 .

7 .

N icaea - I uliopolis

8 .

1 0.

I tineraria

( b)

M easured D istances

Nicaea - I uliopolis

1 2.

1 3.

:D ablae - I uliopolis

( a)

I tineraria

( b)

M easured D istances

I uliopolis - Ancyra

: I uliopolis - L agania

( a)

I tineraria

( b)

M easured D istances

I uliopolis - Ancyra

:L agania - Mnizus

( a)

I tineraria

( b)

M easured D istances

I uliopolis - Ancyra

: Mnizus - Ancyra

( a)

I tineraria

( b)

M easured D istances

Ancyra - C olonia A rchelais

: Ancyra - A spona

I tineraria M easured D istances

Ancyra - C olonia A rchelais ( a)

I tineraria

( b)

M easured D istances

C olonia A rchelais - T yana ( a)

I tineraria

( b)

M easured D istances

C olonia A rchelais - T yana ( a) ( b)

1 1.

:N icaea - D ablae

( a)

( a) ( b) 8 .

I tineraria M easured D istances

:A spona - C olonia A rchelais

:C olonia A rchelais - S asima

: S asima - T yana

I tineraria M easured D istances

T yana - T arsus ( a)

I tineraria

( b)

M easured D istances

I tinerarium C appadociae ( a)

I nscription

( b)

T opography

( CIL V I.

5 076)

I uliopolis a nd L agania - C omparative d istances

L IST O F MAPS

M ap 1

M ap

M aps

:

2

L ocation o f I uliopolis a nd L agania

T he P ilgrim 's R oad

:L ocation o f D etail M aps

:D etail M aps

3 -7

:

T he P ilgrim 's R oad

M aps 8 ,9

:

C lassical M ap o f A sia M inor

3 -7

( Calder a nd B ean 1 958)

A ddenda e t C orrigenda

M aps 1 0,11:

D as b yzantinische S trassensystem i n Kappadokien ( Hild

1 977)

:A ddenda e t C orrigenda

6

A BBREVIATIONS

Anon.

R ay.

R avennatis Anonymi C osmographia.

( edd.

P indar,

a nd P arthey,

r epr.

1 962).

G .).

B erlin

( 1860,

A ufstieg u nd N iedergang d er r ömischen W elt.

A NRW

T emporini, B M C at.

P ontus

H .

C atalogue o f 1 3. P ontus,

a nd H aase,

W .).

t he G reek C oins P aphlagonia,

o f B osphorus

B erlin

i n t he B ritish M useum

B ithynia a nd

( by W roth, W .).

L ondon

t he K ingdom :B ritish

( 1889).

C IG

C orpus

I nscriptionum G raecarum.

B erlin.

C IL

C orpus

I nscriptionum L atinarum.

B erlin.

C MAM

C lassical M ap o f A sia Minor. W .M.),

L ondon

A rchaeology a t Ankara E vliya E ffendi,

E vliya

( edd.

B ean,

( ed.

G .E.

a nd

:B ritish I nstitute o f ( 1958).

N arrative o f T ravels

A sia a nd A frica.

( edd.

:D e G ruyter.

M useum

C alder,

M .

v on H ammer,

i n E urope,

J .).

( 1834 r epr.

1 968). H ier.

S ynek.

L e S ynekdemos d 'Higrokles. B russels

I GRR

( 1939).

( ed.

( Forma I mp.

H onigmann,

B yz.

f asc.

E .).

I ).

I nscriptiones G raecae a d R es R omanas p ertinentes I ,

I II,

I V.

( ed.

C agnat,

R .

I tin.

Ant.

I tinerarium Antonini. 1 -75 ( ed. C untz, C .).

I tin.

B urd.

I tinerarium B urdigalense. p p. 8 6-95 ( ed. C untz, 0 ).

K iepert

K iepert R ., ( rev.

PW

1 911-1927).

I n I tineraria R omana, L eipzig ( 1929).

p p.

I n I tineraria R omana, L eipzig ( 1929).

K arte v on K leinasien.

( Berlin 1 902-1906)

e d.).

P aulys R eal-encyclopHdie d er c lassischen A ltert umswissenschaft.

S NG v .

Aulock

( ed.

Wissowa,

S ylloge N ummorum G raecorum .

G .)

I - ( 1893-

D eutschland.

)

S ammlung

v on A ulock. T ab.

P eut.

D ie P eutingerische T afel.

( ed.

Miller,

K .),

S tuttgart

( 1962). V ita S .

T heod.

V ie d e T heodore d e S ykgon I a nd I I. A .J.),

B russels

( 1970).

7

( Subs.

( ed.

H agiogr.

F estug nre, 4 8).

B IBLIOGRAPHY A lp,

1 956

S .

K onya K arahöyük H afriyati. K azisi. 3 5-37.

A nderson,

J .G.C.

1 897-8

1 899

1 953

A rk. D erg.

6 -1:

E xploration i n A sia M inor d uring 1 898:

1 ?

T ürk

F irst R eport.

B SA 4 :

4 9-78.

E xploration i n G alatia c is H alym. P art I I. J HS 1 9: 5 2-134 a nd 2 803 18.

B abinger,

1 923

F r.

H ans D ernschwams T agebuch e iner R eise n ach K onstantinopel u nd K leinasien 1 553/1555. M unich a nd L eipzig.

B allance,

M .H.

1 958

R oman R oads 8 : 2 23-234.

i n L ycaonia.

A nat.

S t.

1 964

D erbe a nd F austinopolis. 1 4: 1 39-145.

1 969

G alatia. I n R eall. d . B yz. K unst. I I, p p. 6 08-615. ( ed. W essel K l.).

A nat . St.

G otha. L e B as,

P h.

a nd W addington,

1 870

W .H.

V oyage A rc Hologique e n G rece e t e n A sie M ineure I II.

I nscriptions

G recques e t L atines r ecueilles e n A sie M ineure. P aris. B ittel,

K .

1 932

I t

1 934

K eramik v on A nkara. AA :

P rahistorische F orschun. g i n K leinasien . 6 ).

B osch,

E .

1 967

2 56-261.

I stanbul.

( Ist F orsch.

Q uellen z ur G eschichte d er S tadt A nkara i m A ltertum . Ankara: T ürk T arih K urumu.

B uckler,

W .H.,

a nd C ox,

C .W.M .

C alder, W .M .

1 924

A sia M inor 1 924. J RS 1 4:

u lpan,

C .

I .

M onuments

f rom I conium, L ycaonia a nd I sauria.

1 975

T ürk t a

2 4-84. k öprüleri.

Ankara:

T ürk

T arih K urumu. D abrowa,

E .

1 976

L es v oies r omaines d 'Asie M ineure d epuis M anius A quillius j usqu'ä M arc A ur ne. ( Poland)

8

I X :

E tudes e t T ravaux. 1 30-141.

v on D iest,

W .

a nd A nton, M .

1 895

N eue F orschungen i n n ordwestlichen K leinasien. G otha. ( Pet. M itt. E rg.-hft.

1 898

v on D iest, W .

1 16).

V on T ilsit n ach A ngora. ( Pet. M itt.

E rg.-hft.

G otha.

1 25).

D örner,

F .K.

1 941

I nschriften u nd D enkmäler a us B ithynien. B erlin. ( 1st. F orsch. 1 4).

F rench,

D .H.

1 967

P rehistoric S ites i n N orth w est A natolia, A nat. S t.

1 974

1 976

1 973

2 4:

5 1-54.

B erlin:

A nkara.

1 950

M .

H arper,

W .L.C.

R .P.

I t

H eberdey,

a nd W ilhelm,

F .

H onigmann; E .

1 0:

R oman S enators i n C appadocia. A nat. S t. 1 4: 1 63-168.

1 970

P odandus a nd t he V ia T auri. S t. 2 0: 1 49-153.

A .1896

1 977

1 939

4 3-48.

B erlin.

A nat.

S ome I nscriptions o f R oman C appaI n V II T ürk T arih K ongresi.

p p. 1 60-165 . Ankara: K urumu.

T ürk T arih

H istoria N ummorum .

O xford.

R eisen i n K ilikien u nd S üd-Phrygien. V ienna. ( Denkschr. 4 6, A bh.VI).

B ild,

6 )

1 964

1 911 R .

( Ser.

A natolische A usflüge.

1 972

B .V.

N C

1 896

d ocia.

H ead,

A nkara.

T he O fficial C oinage o f T iberius i n G alatia.

v on d er G oltz,

d e G ruyter.

A g uide t o t he C ity a nd

D istrict. G rant,

i n A natolia.

1 43-149.

T he R oman R oad S ystem o f A sia M inor. I n A NRW 1 1.7. 2 , p p. 6 987 29 ( edd. T emporini, H . a nd H aase, W .).

e t a l.

S t.

R esearches o n R oman M ilestones a nd R oads i n 1 974. T ürk A rk. D erg. 2 3-1:

1 980

T he I znik A rea. 4 9-100.

A S tudy o f R oman R oads A nat.

I t

I . 1 7:

K ais.

A kad. W ien

D as b yzantinische S trassensystem i n K appadokien. V ienna. ( T.I.B. L a l iste o riginale d es P res d e N icee. 9

B yzantion 1 4:

1 7-76.

2 ).

H onigmann,

E .

1 942-3

T he O riginal L ists o f t he M embers o f t he C ouncil o f N icaea. B yzantion 1 6: 2 0-80.

I mhoof-Blumer,

F .

1 923

F luss- u nd M eergötter a uf g riechischen u nd r ömischen M ünzen. R ev.

J acopi,

I t

2 3:

1 74-421.

G .

1 938

E splorazioni e S tudi i n P aflagonia e C appadocia. B olletino d el R eale I nstituto d i A rchelogia e S toria d ell'Arte 8 : 3 -43.

I t

1 939

E splorazione e S tudi i n P afla enia e C appadocia. R ome.

d e J erphanion,

G .

1 928

M élanges d 'Archeologie Anatolienne. M 61.

K raft,

S uisse d e N um .

K .

1 972

U niv.

S t.

J os.

1 3:

1 -332.

D as s ystem d er k aiserzeitliche M ünzprägung i n K leinasien. ( Ist. F orsch. 2 9).

L anglois,

L ejean,

V .

1 854

I nscriptions d e C ilicie.

I t

1 861

V oyage d ans l a C ilicie.

1 869

E xcursion ä l a r echerche d e G ordium ( Asie M ineure). B ull. S oc. G eogr.

G .

P aris S er. V .17 m ap. L evick,

B erlin.

B .

1 967

( no.

P aris. P aris.

1 ):

6 2-66 a nd

S ome c oins a nd i nscriptions o f C olonia C omama.

1 969

N C 7 :

2 9-35.

C aracalla's p ath. H o mages ä M arcel R enard I I, p p. 4 26-446. ( Collection L atomus 1 02). B russels.

L uttwak,

E .N.

1 976

T he G rand S trategy o f t he R oman E mpire. B altimore U niv. P ress.

M acpherson,

I .W .

1 954

R oman R oads a nd M ilestones o f G alatia.

t

M agie,

I t

D .

A .M .

A nat.

S t.

4 :

1 11-120.

1 958

N ew E vidence f or t he S tudy o f t he H istorical G eography o f G alatia. D iss. C ambridge.

1 950

R oman R ule i n A sia M inor I a nd I I. P rinceton :

M ansel,

:J ohns H opkins

1 972

P rinceton U niv.

Z ur L age d es H annibalgrabes. 2 57-275.

1 0

P ress. AA.

M endel,

G .

1 900

I nscriptions d e B ithynie. 2 4:

M eriggi,

P .

1 963

T erzo v iaggio a natolico. A ntiquus 2 :

M iltner,

F r.

M outerde,

a nd H .

R .

v on O ppenheim , L ucas, H .

M .

a nd

H .H.

1 936

E pigraphische N achlese J ÖAI 3 0 :9 -66.

1 921

I nscriptions G recques e t L atines d u M us d e d 'Adana. S yria 2 : 2 07-220.

1 905

G riechische u nd l ateinische I nschriften a us S yrien, M esopotamien

1 929

E xplorations

1 937

B Z 1 4:

1 -72.

C hicago.

T he A lishar H üyük. 1 930-32.

i n A nkara.

i n C entral A natolia.

S eason o f 1 926. ”

O riens

2 75-299.

u nd K leinasien. v on d er O sten,

B CH

3 61-426.

( 01 .2 5 ).

S easons o f

P art I II.

C hicago.

( 0IP 3 0). P errot,

G .

e t a l.

1 862

E xploration d e l a G alatie I ,

I I.

P aris. R amsay,

W .M .

1 890

T he H istorical G eography o f A sia M inor. L ondon : R oyal G eog. S oc. ( Suppl.

R obert,

L .

P apers I V).

1 898

A siana.

B CH 2 2:

2 33-240.

1 903

C ilicia, T arsus a nd t he G reat T aurus P ass. G eog. J . 2 2: 3 57-413.

1 904

L ycaonia.

1 907

T he C ities o f S t.

1 908

P auline a nd O ther S tudies.

1 916

C olonia C aesareia

J ÖAI 7 .

B eibl.: P aul.

5 7-132.

L ondon. L ondon.

( Pisidian A ntioch)

i n t he A ugustan A ge.

J RS 6 :

1 937

E tudes A natoliennes.

P aris.

1 940

I nscriptions d e B ithynie. 3 02-322.

1 955

H ellenica X .

1 962

V illes d 'Asie M ineure.

8 3-134.

R EA 4 2:

P aris. P aris.

( 2nd e d.). 1 967

S ur l es i nscriptions d 'Eph d se. R ev. P hil. 4 1: 7 -84. 1 1

S arre,

F .

1 896

( 1)

R eise i n P hrygien, u nd P isidien.

( 2)

1 974

S .

S ommer

N eufunde v on a ntiken I nschriften i n N ikomedia

N eue

( izmit)

u nd

i n d er

( Diss.

M ünster)

I nschriften v on d er b ithynischen

H albinsel. 1 978

2 6-57.

B erlin.

Umgebung d er S tadt. 1 975

1 9:

R eisen i n K leinasien. 1 895.

a hin,

L ykaonien

A EMO

Z PE

1 8:

2 7-48.

B ithynische S tudien.

B onn:

H abelt.

( IGSK 7 ). 1 979

K atalog d er a ntiken I nschriften d es M useums v on i znik ( Nikaia). i znik M üzesi a ntik y azitlar k atalogu. B onn:

S tarr,

1 962

S .F.

H abelt.(IGSK 9 ).

T he A ncient R oads o f A sia M inor: Expedition.

1 961.

Y ale U niversity T hierry,

N .

a nd M .

1 963

N ouvelles e glises r upestres d e C appadoce.

W addington W .H.

e t a l.

1 908

T h.

1 908

P aris.

R ecueil d es M onnaies G recques P aris.

W iegand,

N ew H aven:

( xerox).

I .

( 2nd e d.)

I nschriften a us d er L evant.

AM 3 3:

1 45-160. Y orke,

V .W .

1 898

I nscriptions M inor.

J HS

f rom E astern A sia 1 8:

3 06-327.

Addenda

F oss,

C .

N oordegraaf,

C .

1 977

L ate A ntique a nd B yzantine A nkara. D OP 3 1: 2 9-87.

1 938

A G eographical P apyrus. 6 : 2 73-310.

1 2

Mnemosyne

T HE P ILGRIM 'S R OAD I t h as b een a ssumed b y s ome t hat

t his r oad,

r unning f rom C onstantin-

o polis t hrough A ncyra t o T arsus, A ntiochia a nd b eyond t o J erusalem w as t he m ain a rtery o f R oman A sia M inor. T here i s s ome s ubstance i n t his v iew b ut i t i s a p artial v iew o nly. I t a ssumes t hat t raffic w ent m ainly s outhwards t owards A ntiochia. I n s ocial a nd c ommercial t erms, t his v iew m ay b e c orrect; t here a re r easons,however, f or t hinking t hat o n m ilitary g rounds t he e astern d irection, t owards t he E uphrates l imes, w as t he m ore i mportant o f t he t wo l ines o f c ommuni cation. F or p ilgrimage t o J erusalem, n o d oubt t he C onstantinopolis A ntiochia r oad w as t he p rincipal l and r oute, b ut t his d evelopment c ame l ater, f rom t he f ourth c entury o nwards, w hen C hristianity h ad t aken h old o n t he l ife o f t he E mpire. T he r oad n etwork o f A sia M inor, t o j udge f rom m ilestone e vidence, i s m uch e arlier; t he p rincipal a rchitects w ere t he F lavians. * 7 I n t he o riginal s cheme, t herefore, t he r oad, C onstantinopolis - A ntiochia, m ay n ot h ave b een c onceived a s a s ingle r oute, t he m ain a rtery o f A sia M inor. B asically t he r oad i s m ade u p f rom t wo s ections j oined t ogether: ( 1) A ncyra C onstantinopolis, ( 2) A ncyra - T arsus. T o t hese t wo s ections w hich s tart a t A ncyra s hould b e a dded a t hird, ( 3) A ncyra - M elitene, a nd a f ourth, ( 4) A ncyra - S atala, b oth r oads r unning d irect t o t he l egionary s tations o n t he E astern l imes. A ncyra i s t hus i nterpreted n ot s imply a s a n a dministrative b ut, m ore d irectly, a s a c ommunication c entre, a ' knot' - a w ord f avoured b y R amsay - o r t he n odal p oint o f a r oad n etwork d esigned f or a s tatic f rontier. N o o riginal n ame f or t he C onstantinopolis - A ncyra - T arsus r oad i s k nown e ither f rom i tineraries o r f rom l iterary e vidence, a lthough f or o ne s tretch o f t he r oad w e h ave r ecently l earnt o f t he n ame V ia T auri. T he o ccurrence i s u nique: a s ingle m ilestone f rom P odandus a t t he a pproaches

t o t he C ilician g ates.

T he I tinerarium B urdigalense

( the B ordeaux I tinerary, a lso k no r a s t he I tinerarium H ierosol ymitanum o r J erusalem I tinerary) * i s a ssumed t o b e a g uide f or t hose making a p ilgrimage t o J erusalem , h ence t he n ame P ilgrim 's R oad,

p opularized b y R amsay a nd n ow,

i t s eems , a ccepted.

T he c o t 4rse o f t he r oad h as b een i nvestigated a nd d iscussed f or m any y ears 4 1 0 . E xcept f or a f ew, s cattered r eferences t o r oad s urfaces, ( 1) n ear N icaea ( Iznik ), ( 2) s outh o f A ncyra ( Ankara) a nd ( 3) i n t he T aurus, t he t opography o f l ong s tretches w as b ased o nly o n c oriecture. E ven w hen i mportant s ections w ere t reated ( e.g. R amsay ( 1903) o n t he T aurus p ass), i t i s d ifficult t o d istinguish w hat w as f actually o bserved f rom w hat w as c onjectured w ith c onviction. T he b est r eports a re t hose o f S tarr ( 1962), w ho, i n g iving d etails o f a r oad, d istinguished b etween w hat h e a ctually s aw a nd w hat h e t hought m ust h ave o nce e xisted. I dentification o f t he p laces n amed i n t he a ncient I tineraries h as b een b ased, a s w e c a2 n ow s ee, o n i nsubstantial e vidence. T he l ocation o f T ataior i* , f or i nstance, w as f ixed a t G eyve b ecause i t w as t hought t hat t he R oman r oad r an a long t he l ine f ollowed b y t he O ttoman r oad. I t i s h ere t hat S tarr's P rinciple ( see F rench 1 974, 1 43; t he p assage i s q uoted i n f ull b elow p . 3 5) b ecame r elevant: o nce a n a ctual r oad s urface h ad b een d iscovered, i t i mmediately b ecame p ossible t o l ook , o n o r o ff t he r oad f or s ites t he p osition o f

1 3

w hich c ould t hen b e a ssessed i n t he l ight b oth o f t he a ncient s ources a nd t he m odern, o bservable d ata. D istances g iven i n t he I tineraries, f or e xample,

c ould b e c hecked a gainst

t he d istances m easured,

i n

m odern t erms, o n t he g round. B riefly o ne m ay s ummarize e arlier v iews a nd i deas, b est i llustrated o n t he C lassical M ap o f A sia M inor ( here a bbreviated t o C MAM ),as f ollows: ( a)

b etween C onstantinopolis a nd N icaea t he a pproximate l ine o f t he R oman r oad w as n ever i n d oubt, a lthough t he s ection f rom N icomedia t o N icaea w as o bscure, o wing t o i mprecise i nformation;

( b)'

t he s ection, N icaea - A ncyra, r an a long t he l ine o f t he n ineteenth c entury O ttoman r oad ( initiated i n t he s ixteenth c entury?);

( c)

t he s ection, A ncyra - T yana, w as b ased l argely o n A nderson's w ork w hich d id n ot s ufficiently d istinguish, i n p rint, b etween c onjecture a nd o bservation;

( d)

( e)

t he s ection, T yana - T arsus, w as o f t he p ass t hrough t he T aurus; t he c ourse o f t he r oad, w ith m inor e xceptions,

i n d oubt o nly a t t he t wo e nds

T arsus - A ntiochia, w as o bvious b ut, c ould n ot b e d emonstrated.

W ith t he e xception o f t he s ections ( a) a nd ( d), t he g reater p art o f t hese e arly v iews m ust n ow b e r evised, a s t he r esult o f r ecent d iscoveries w hich h ave b rought t o l ight t he o bservable r emains o f a R oman r oad i n p ositions q uite d ifferent f rom t hose p reviously c onjectured. T he i dentification o f t he m ajor c ities, N icomedia ( Izmit), N icaea A ncyra ( Ankara) a nd T arsus ( Tarsus) a nd o f s ome minor c ities, C olonia A rchelais ( Aksaray), T yana ( Kemerhisar) a nd M opsuestia ( Yakapinar, f ormerly M isis) h as n ever b een i n d oubt. A nderson ( 1899, p assim ), f rom t he e vidence o f t he I tineraries, w as a ble t o make a f ew s uggestions w hich m ore r ecent r esearch h as n ot

i nvalidated.

F or

t he r est, m ost e arly t opographical w ork, t hough n ow d emonstrably i ncorrect, m ust b e g iven r espect a nd h omage - a nd g ently a nd h onoura bly r evised.

L ITERARY E VIDENCE 1 .

I tineraria

( a)

I tinerarium A ntonini

( ed.

( b)

I tinerarium B urdigalense

( c)

T abula P eutingeriana

( d)

I tinerarium C appadociae

C untz 1 929, ( ed.

2 0)

C untz 1 929,

1 39-146 9 1-93)

5 71-581

( ed. M iller 1 916 a nd 1 962) ( ed. M iller 1 916,

S ee T ables 1 -12.

1 4

L XXIII)

( CIL V I.

5 076)

2 .

A ncient s ources

T here i s m uch s cattered e vidence b ut n o s ingle s ource g ives a c onsecutive a ccount. ( a) N icaea 8 .3 f f. ( b)

S angarius r egion:

I uliopolis

T heodori,

I h ave c ollected s ome r eferences: Ammianus M arcellinus X XVI.

L agania/Anastasioupolis

:A D 5 75

:V ita S .

p assim.

( c) T arsus - A ncyra - N icaea 1 0.10. ( d)

A D 3 65:

T arsus

:c .

A D 4 00

:A D 3 63

:E geria

( ed.

: Ammianus M arcellinus X XV.

P rinz 1 960)

X XIII.

A f ew p laces a re n amed i ndividually i n a ncient s ources,

6 -7. e .g.

G orbeous,

b ut s uch e vidence h as n ot p roved t o b e t opographically u seful.

A RCHAEOLOGICAL E VIDENCE 1 . ( a)

R oad s urface C ourse

( maps 2 -7)

B etween I stanbul a nd I zmit ( Constantinopolis t o N icomedia), I h ave n ot b een a ble t o d iscover a ny m aterial r emains o f a R oman r oad. A s hort s tretch o f k aldirim ( i.e.

O ttoman p aved r oadway) w hich c an b e

o bserved o n t he S o f t he m odern h ighway r uns f rom G ebze t o t he T aysanlidere K öprüsü ( Mansel 1 972, 2 68 a nd f ig. 7 ), a ppearing t o v iew s hortly a fter l eaving t he e astern e dge o f G ebze.

I c ould f ind n o

e arlier c onstruction, b ut I w ould c onsider i t p robable t hat t he O ttoman r oad f ollowed t he l ine o f t he R oman r oad. I h ave n ot c arried o ut a ny f ield w ork i n t his a rea n or h ave I a ttempted t o i dentify s ites a long t he p resumed l ine o f t he R oman r oad f rom C onstantinopolis t o N icomedia.

T he b est a ccount f or t his r egion i s

t hat o f H ansel

( 1972).

F rom I zmit t o I znik ( Nicomedia t o N icaea), m ost o f t he c ourse o f t he R oman r oad i s c lear, a lthough n ot a lways v isible. A fter i zmit I a ssume t he R oman r oad f ollowed t he l ine o f t he m odern h ighway, p assing o ver v arious s mall r ivers b y b ridges ( one s urvives: B asiskale, s ee b elow p . 2 7 ) a nd f inally r unning S o f t he m odern l ine i n o rder t o r each i hsaniye. F rom t hsaniye, a n O ttoman k aldirim r uns S W u p t he v alley o f t he K aziklidere o r B eyo ludere a s f ar a s S enaiye. I nterm ittent p atches o f b oth R oman a nd O ttoman s urface c an b e o bserved i n t he v alley. F rom S enaiye, t he O ttoman k aldirim i s w ell p reserved a s i t r uns S , t raversing t he s lopes o f A yvasa a t a p oint C . 1 .50 km S o f O smaniye t he k aldirim c hanges d irection a nd n ow r uns S SW t owards S aria ll, t he R oman r oad p robably f ollowing t he s ame l ine. A fter S ariagil t he R oman r oad i s m ost c learly v isible a s a c utting i n t he s lope E o f t he m odern r oad, t he m odern s ose;

a t C .

a t a l evel w ell a bove t he s urface o f

2 .25 k m b eyond S ariaell,

t he e dge-stones,

s pine a nd s urface o f t he r oad a re w ell p reserved o n t he W o f t he m odern o se, t he c onstruction o f w hich h as c ut s ections t hrough t he R oman s urface.

A t c .

2 .75 k m f rom S ari gil a nd c .

1 5

4 .00 k m N o f

O rhaniye,

t he R oman r oad i s l ost a s f ar a s I znik a nd n o c ertain

t races h ave b een o bserved b y m e. B eyond I znik, m odern .

t he l ine o f

t he R oman r oad i s c losely f ollowed b y t he

O ccasional s hort s tretches o f s tones c an b e o bserved i n t he

f ields o n t he S s ide o f t he I znik - M ekece r oad.

S urface r emains a re

c learly v isible a t t he j unction f or A. A kcapinar o n t he I znik O smaneli r oad. R ock-cuttings a re v ery w ell p reserved a t a p oint c . 4 .00 k m f rom t he j unction ( and t he T aeköprü b ridge o ver t he G öks j o n t he m odern h ighway f rom A dapazarl t o B ilecik; t he s urface o f t he R oman r oad i s i ntermittently p reserved o n t he d ownwards ( southern) s lopes o f t he m ountain; t he l ine o f t he m odern r oad a pproximately f ollows t he a ncient. A fter c rossing t he G öksu b y t he T aeköprü b ridge,

a ll t races o f t he

R oman r oad a re l ost u ntil M edetli i n t he r egion o f G ölpazari. I a ssume t hat i t t ook a m ore-or-less d irect l ine, p assing t hrough O smaneli ( formerly L efke) a nd S elimiye a nd c rossing ( ? b y m eans o f a f ord) t he S akarya r iver ( ancient S angarius) n ear t he ( now d isused) S akarya i stasyonu. T he c ourse o f a m odern c art t rack p robably f ollows t hat o f t he a ncient r oad a s f ar a s t he j unction o f Ü yük a nd M edetli v illage r oads a t a p oint c . 0 .50 k m S W o f M edetli. B elow M edetli ( i.e. N W ) a t l east t wo milestones ( Medetli 1 a nd 2 ) w ere f ound i n s itu. B eyond M edetli t he R oman r oad i s w ell p reserved; i t r uns a long t he f oot o f t he h ills o n t he N s ide o f t he p lain a nd m eets t he G ölpazariV ezirhan e ose a t a p oint c . 1 .50 k m N E o f K araa a . B oth t he a ncient a nd m odern r oads r un u p a— n arrow v alley a nd t hen d rop d own i nto t he p lain o f G ölpazari. I ntermittent s tretches o f R oman r oad a re v isible o n e ither s ide o f t he m odern o se. T he R oman r oad i s n o l onger v isible i n t he p lain b ut t he l ine i s p reserved a s a c art-track, b oth E a nd W o f G ölpazari. T he l ocal i nhabitants s peak o f a t aeyol ( a p aved r oad) o r t he " Baghad r oad" ( Bagdat y olu) i n t he v alley o f N e Omler, E o f G ölpazari. N o t races h ave b een o bserved b y m e.

I a ssume t he r eports t o b e c orrect a nd

t hat t he R oman r oad f irst r uns u p t he N e Omler v alley,

c rosses t he

s addle b elow S arihacilar, t hen d rops i nto a nother v alley b elow S o f) A k apinar a nd f inally c rosses t he u pper w aters o f t he ç akirlar, c . 3 .50 k m W o f K ilciler. S E o f t his c rossing t here i s a p rehistoric a nd a ncient s ite o n a n i solated h ill o verlooking t he s tream . T he B aghdad r oad o r t he " Great r oad"

( Uluyol)

c ontinues a s a t rack,

r unning t owards a s addle i n t he r idge N o f K östekler. C rossing t his r idge n ear K ayabaei ( the l ocation o f t he m odern v illage h as b een m oved c . 1 .00 k m s outh-eastwards), t he B aghdad r oad d rops d own i nto t he v ale o f H immet elu b y t he K azandere a nd t he u pper r eaches o f t he , a . tak ayi. N o t races h ave b een o bserved b y m e: I a ssume t he R oman r oad r an a pproximately o n t he l ine o f t he m odern e ose. A g ood s tretch, h owever, i s p reserved a t a p oint c . 2 .00 km E o f H immetoAlu: i t r uns e astwards a s f ar a s t he c rossing o f t he r iver b elow A hmetbeyler. I t i s t hen l ost. I ndeed, a ll o bservable t race i s l ost u ntil N allihan. T he l ocal m en t alk o f t he B aghdad r oad o r t he U luyol r unning f rom D emirhanlar,

1 6

c rossing t he K izildere t o E ricek, E ricek,

t hen p assing u p

t he v alley a bove

c rossing t he w atershed a nd t he m odern p rovincial b oundary

a nd d ropping d own i nto t he v alley o f K arahisar b elow S ubasi

( formerly

g ive).

B eyond K arahisar,

t he

m odern

o se.

a re n o l ong,

t he l ine

i s a pproximately t hat o f

O ccasional p ossible t races c an b e o bserved b ut

t here

i ndubitable s tretches o f r oad s urface.

S o f N allihan t he R oman r oad p robably

c rossed t he N al

r iver a l ittle

b elow t he m odern r oad b ridge o n t he N allihan - S aricakaya r oad ; i t t hen r an u p a v alley n ow d eeply i ncised. T he f irst o bservable t races a re p reserved a t t he t op o f t he r idge, a t c . 3 .10 k m E o f N allihan, o n t he o ld s ose t o A nkara. F rom h ere t o a p oint c . 2 0 k m W o f A nkara t he R oman r oad T he l ine

o f

i s m ore-or-less c ontinuously p reserved.

t he R oman r oad c losely f ollows t he m odern h ighway a cross

o pen, t reeless u plands u ntil a p oint c . 8 .00 k m W o f g ayirhan w here i t l eaves t he m odern r oad ( there a re iwo m ilestones ( gayirhan 1 a nd 2 ) i n s itu o n t his s tretch o f r oad) a nd r uns a way S E, c rossing t he A ladag C ay, a m ajor t ributary o f t he S akarya, a t t he S arilar K öprü ( bridge), w hich i s n ow 1st u nder t he w aters o f t he S ariyar d am . T here w as a p rehistoric * a nd a ncient s ite h ere. T he R oman r oad n ow r uns b ack n orthwards

t owards

t he m odern h ighway,

j oins i t t o p ass t hrough a n arrow v alley b ut i mmediately a fterwards l eaves t he m odern r oad a nd r uns o ff S E d own t owards K ayabüku g iftlik. A m ilestone ( gayirhan 3 ) l ay i n s itu i n a s ide v alley o f t he G irmir g ay. T he c rossing o f t he G irmir g ay i s n ot p reserved ( assuming t hat t here w as a b ridge,

n ot a f ord).

F rom t he G irmir g ay t he R oman r oad c limbs t he s ide v alley w hich t he m odern r oad t o K irbasi a lso f ollows b ut o n r eaching t he h ead o f t he v alley a t d irection o f D ikmen T here a re

a p oint c . 0.5 k m W o f T acettin t he R oman r oad c hanges a nd r uns a lmost s traight E t o D ikmen H üyük ( c. 8 .80 k m S v illage). H ere t here i s a p rehistoric a nd a ncient s ite. a bundant t races o f t he R oman r oad b oth a bove a nd b elow T acettin.

F rom t his s ite, t he R oman r oad ( here i n a w ell p reserved s tate) r uns a cross u ndulating p lain d irectly t owards P eril g iftlik, a nd f rom P erli g iftlik i n a n ear-straight l ine d own t o a p oint o n t he w adi c . 4 .50 k m b elow ( i.e. W o f) O ltan. F rom t he w adi, t he R oman r oad r uns a cross u ndulating g round t owards B a 4icek g iftligi a nd f rom t here t o a p oint o n t he P olatli r oad. c . 1 .30 km f rom i ts j unction w ith t he A nkara - N allihan h ighway. T here a re a lmost c ontinuous , o bservable t races o f t he R oman s urface a s f ar a s t his p oint. T he r oad i s l ost, h owever, b oth W a nd E o f A yas a nd i s n ot a gain o bservable u ntil a p oint ( near a w ell-known f ountain) c . 3 .80 k m E o f A yas, w here t he R oman r oad c rosses t he m odern h ighway. F rom h ere t o t he v alley a bove I lya: gut t he R oman r oad, k eeping t o t he h igh-ground, r uns a long a s eries o f r idges a nd, f inally, b y w elle ngineered c urves a nd l oops, a p oint c .

1 .90 km N W o f

d rops i nto t he v alley a bove i lyagut,

t he v illage

( ?

a t

a n a ncient s ite).

F rom t his v illage, t he R oman r oad r uns a cross t he v alley, t raceable a s a m odern c art-track t o A vdan g iftlik ( an a ncient s ite); i t c rosses t he M urtad g ay b y a c auseway, t he E e nd o f w hich i s w ell p reserved,

1 7

c .

1 .00 k m N o f Y eregiren 0 .ftlik.

T owards S usuz a nd A nkara,

s urface r emains o f t he R oman r oad g radually p eter o ut a nd t he l ine i s m ostly l ost. T he p robable c ourse i s t he o ld t rack v ia ç akirlar gftlik t o t he c entre o f m odern A nkara;

t he r oute i s s hown o n o ld

m aps. T he R oman r oad p robably l eft A nkara a long t he l ine o f t he m odern D ikmen C addesi, a nd c rossed t he D ikmen r idge a t t he s ame p oint a s t he m odern A nkara - K onya h ighway. A f ew t races m ay s till b e s een ( or c ould b e o bserved u ntil t hey w ere b ulldozed a way i n m id-June 1 974) i n t he s addle c alled K epeklibogaz w here t here i s a n a ncient s ite.

S urface r emains a re a gain o bservable c .

2 .20 k m S o f G ölbasi

a nd f rom h ere t o S edit H üyük ( in t he v illage o f S arihüyük) t hey a re a lmost c ontinuously p reserved, o ften i n a q uite e xcellent s tate ( Photograph e t a l.

:R oman r oad o n N e dge o f A hiboz;

1 973,

7 4 a nd f ig.

p .

s een t o S :F rench

7 5).

T he c ourse i s o ver g ently u ndulating u plands,

a lmost e ntirely t ree-

l ess a nd d evoid o f m ajor n atural o bstacles. W here p ossible t he R oman r oad k eeps t o h igh g round, u tilizing r idges a nd h ills t o m aximum b enefit, t hus a voiding t he p roblems o f y ear-round p assage, m aintenance, d rainage a nd r epair i n l ow-lying,

m uddy a nd m arshy t errain.

F rom S arihüyük w hich i s a p rehistoric a nd c lassical s ite, t he R oman r oad, s till i n a n e xcellent s tate o f p reservation, t urns d ue e astwards, a voiding t he m ore b arren a nd r esourceless a rea N o f t he S alt L ake. T he l ine b ends r ound g radually t o t he S , u ntil i t a pproaches t he K izilirmak n ear Y aicilar

( now l ost u nder t he w aters o f t he H irfanli

d am ). H ere t he r oad r uns S a gain, d irectly t owards D egirmenyolu ( formerly P arlasan) w here t here i s a p rehistoric a nd a ncient s ite. S o f D eirmenyolu t he r oad i s w ell p reserved a nd i t i s d ue t o i ts g ood s tate t hat i t c an b e s een t o r un a cross r olling, h ill c ountry b elow S eymenli u ntil f inally i t d rops d own i nto t he v alley o f t he P e eneközü. H ere a ll t races a re l ost. T he s urface i s n ot a gain o bservable u ntil E o f A ksaray. T he l ine o f t he R oman r oad r unning t hrough t he P e eneközü, t hen p assing B oyall a nd Y eniyuva ( formerly N urguz), i s a c onjecture o nly b ut i s, I t hink t o a h igh d egree, p robable.

A c lear t rack r uns t he w hole l ength a nd i t i s c alled b y

t he l ocal p opulation t he B aghdad r oad. A s S tarr p ointed o ut, t erm i s u nusually g iven t o t he l ine o f a ncient, p aved r oads. E o f A ksaray t he r oad i s

i mmediately o bservable a nd c ontinues,

t his

a lmost

w ithout b reak, a ll t he w ay t o K emerhisar, t he a ncient T yana. T he t errain i s n ot d emanding, b eing f or t he m ost p art f lat r idges o f l imestone a nd s hallow, b road, f lat-bottomed v alleys f ringed b y v ertical s carps. I n t he c entre i s t he v olcanic r egion a round N enezi D ar ,. T he R oman r oad p asses t o t he e ast o f t his v ery p rominent p oint a nd a fter c rossing a r idge f ormed b y a n a ncient l ava f low e nters t he g reat, f lat p lain o f G ölcük. W ithout i nterruption t he r oad r uns f irst t o Y azihüyük ( a p rehistoric a nd a ncient s ite), t o G ölcük a nd t hen t o N iN ie v ia Y eniköy ( the l ocation o f A ndaval C hurch), a lmost o n t he l ine o f t he m odern h ighway f rom N evsehir t o N i de. T he t errain f rom N i c s =de t o K emerhisar ( the a ncient T yana) i s f lat a nd w ithout o bstacle. J ust t o t he E o f K 54apinar t he s ource o f T yana's water a nd t he h ead o f t he a queduct, t he r oad d rops o ff t he l imestone r idge a nd i s l ost i n t he a lluvial p lain b elow. 1 8

F rom K emerhisar s outhwards

t here a re n o v isible

b ut o n r eaching t he f oothills o f o bservable. a s

T he

l ine o f

t he r oad i s

t he N igde - T arsus h ighway.

n ear

S almanli

c iftlik,

t he T aurus, A t

t hat o f

a p oint

r emains

t he

i n t he p lain

s urface

i s

i mmediately

t he m odern r oad a s

c .

t he R oman r oad b egins

3 km S o f t o c limb

K avuklu a nd b y a s eries o f u nexacting g radients,

f ar

t he h ighway,

t he h ills E o f

c urves

a nd

l oops,

c rosses o ver t o t he v alley o f t he K ozluca, r eaching t he v alley-floor a t a p oint c . 1 .50 k m E o f Emincik. T he r oad t hen r uns s traight t o B a makci, W hatever

t he

a ncient F austinopolis.

s uprise m ay b e e xpressed,

d own t he v alley a ble

t o

( or r ather,

g orge)

t he R oman r oad d oes, o f

t he K irkg «it.

i nvestigate o nly a s mall p art o f

t his

i ndeed,

r un

I h ave b een

r oute.

T he K irkg «it

m eets t he m ain v alley o f t he ç akit a t a p oint c . 6 .00 km E o f i ftehan a nd n ear t he j unction f or H oloz. T he R oman r oad t hen p resumably f ollows t he e xact l ine o f t he m odern h ighway a s f ar a s G üzeloluk, f ormerly M ezaroluk, S o f t he C ilician G ates. O ccasional t races m ay b e T he

f inest

a bove

s een i n

( i.e.

o n

t he W s ide

h is p redecessors B oth a bove l ine o f

t he

s ections a nd s carps

s urviving e vidence o f)

t he m odern r oad

i n t he

f ields.

2 .00 km S o f G uzeloluk.

l eaves

d irectly s outh

t owards T arsus.

t he T arsus

F rom T arsus

( 1903,

s lope

3 75)

a nd

a

t he m odern Ankara - T arsus n ow o fficially n amed G ülek,

T he m odern r oad

r oute a long t he G üynük c ay w hile b etween

R amsay

t he R oman r oad c an b e o bserved a s I t

h ighway a t a p oint c .. .6.50 km S o f c amalan, a nd c .

( as

o bserved).

a nd b elow G üzeloluk,

s tones

l eft b y m odern r oad-builders.

i s p rovided b y r ock-cuttings o n t he

t akes a n e asterly

t he R oman r oad r an m ore-or-less T races

r iver o n t he W a nd

a re v isible o n t he r idge - t he G oynuk s tream o n t he e ast *6 .

t o A dana I h ave n ot b een a ble

t o

o f a R oman r oad b ut j ust E o f A dana a l ine

f ind

o f

t he s lightest

s tones

i n t he

t race

f ields

i ndicates t he l ine. I t f ollows, a lmost e xactly, t he o ld h ighway ( not t he m ore r ecently c onstructed r oad w hich b y-passes Y akapinar) t o M isis, n ow r emaned Y akapinar. ( b)

C onstruction

A long t he e ntire t here T he

l ength o f

t he

r oad,

i n s uch p laces a s

i s n o s uggestion o f a c omplex s ubstructure

c onfining o r e dging-stones

t he e xisting g round s urface; e dge-stonescan m easure u p b road a nd

s urface

a n a verage l aid,

s ize

a l ine o f

a n a n i ntegral

i s

c .

f eature.

t han t he p aving s tones

i s n ot

a lways

c ommon but

Smaller s tones o r r ocks a re s urface,

a s

T he

s pine

A s

i n-fill

i nto

t he

s tones a re o ften s lightly

t he e rror i s n either

1 9

t he

u sually s et o n e dge.

A s chematic p lan a nd s ection m ight b e a s

t hen

a p aving b etween t he

2 0 c entimetres.

a nd a re

T he

7 5 c entimetres

s tones o r " spine" was b uilt

l arger

c entred b ut

i n l ength,

T hese m easurements a re

a gain o n t he e xisting g round

s tones w ere

i s p reserved,

i s n o e vidence o f t renching.

t o o ne m etre

3 0 c entimetres d eep.

e dge-stones;

i t

t he r oad-surface.

s eem t o h ave b een p laced d irectly o n

t here

f requently s maller s izes a re u sed. s pread,

t o

T he s pine

l arge n or c onsistent.

f ollows,

f ig.

1 .

9

e7

g 3 e

1 : 2 )

c 2 b n

C iM °

g

ef z ‘c

1

F ig.

c l 2 (> ' rJ

1 : S chematic p lan a nd

2

3M

s ection o f a R oman r oad

( cp.

F rench 1 980,

7 13 a nd D iagram 6 ). W here

t he

t errain d emands,

a r oad c ould b e e mbanked,

1

F ig.

2 :

f ig.2.

3M

2

S chematic s ection o f a n e mbanked R oman r oad.

I n s ome s ituations

i t

w hether r ock o r e arth,

i s

c lear t hat

f igs.

r oad i n t he C ilician G ates: " Kleinasien i i,

p .

2 81":

t he e ngineers

3 a nd 4 .

c ut i nto

t he s lope

( See d escription o f

t he R oman

R amsay 1 903,

n on v idi).

2 0

3 75;

h e q uotes R itter,

F ig.

3 :S chematic s ection o f a R oman r oad c ut i nto a r ock s lope.

_ ji h g iawo ia u i

F ig.

jg= ==

=

rA

4 :S chematic s ection o f a R oman r oad w ith e mbankment a nd f ooting c ut i nto a r ock s lope.

T he w idth o f t he r oad, i n n ormal c ircumstances, i .e. i n f avourable t errain, w as n ever l ess t han 6 .50 i n . a nd i n s ome i nstances w as n early 1 0 m . w ide. I n u nfavourable t errain, i n n arrow, s teep-sided v alleys, w here t he r oad w as c onfined, o r, o f n ecessity, e mbanked, t he r oad w idth w as l ess. N o p recise m easurements a re a vailable ( because n o s ection i s p reserved i ntact); t entatively o ne m ay s uggest a w idth o f c . 3 .00 - 3 .50 m ,

2 1

I d o n ot k now o f b ridges o r c auseways w hich e qualled i n width t he f ull s ize o f a n ormal r oad. S ome b ridges a re n arrow, c . 2 .50 - 3 .00 m ., o ther a re w ider. C auseways o ver w et g round ( marsh o r i ' hallow l ake) a re m ore s olidly b uilt t han t he n ormal r oad a nd a re i nvariably n arrower a s a re p aved f ords: s ee f ig. 5

% \ . no

Do C c I D D2 LOOn ODU

( 24

0

0 c ==nm em o= •

o chn F ig.

3M

5 :S chematic p lan o f a p aved F ord o n a R oman r oad

I nvariably t he t op l ayer o f a R oman r oad h as b een l ost b ut s mall s tone o r g ravel, o r e ven s and, w as p robably u sed a s d ressing. R epairs a re d ifficult t o d emonstrate w ithout e xcavation. A s ection t hrough t he R oman r oad n ear A hiboz S o f Ankara h as b een l eft i n t he s carp o f t he m odern h ighway. T his s ection s hows t wo i n-fill l ayers b etween ( possibly c onsolidated) 1 980, 7 13, D iagram 6 ).

c onfining o r e dge-stones

( French

T he " repair", p ublicly d eclared o n m ilestones, m ay p erhaps r efer t o s uch a c onsolidation. I t n eed n ot i mply a n ew r oad o n a n ew a lignm ent.

W here,

o n m ilestones,

t hephrases ' a n ovo r estituit',

' a s olo

r estituit' o r s imilar w ords w ere u sed, i t m ay b e t hat t he i ntention w as t o d eclare a r oad t otally r ebuilt o n t he s ame a lignment. T o w hat d oes t he s ingle w ord ' restituit' ( e.g. m ilestone 1 ) r efer? t o t he s urface, t o t he r oad o r t o t he m ilestone? C omplete f ormulae i nclude i nter a lia ' viam r estituit', ' transitum r estituit', ' milia r estituit'. T he s ubject o f ' restorations' w ill b e d iscussed, i n d etail, e lsewhere, a fter t he c ompletion o f t he A sia M inor m ilestone c orpus. T here i s a n eed t o e xamine a ll t he s urviving f ormulae a fter f urther o bservations o f e xisting r emains h ave b een m ade.

2 2

2 . ( a)

E pigraphic Milestones

Ih ave c ollected t he m ilestones,

k nown t o m e,

b y s ections,

i .e.

b etween c aput v iae. S ee A ppendix p p. ( b)

R oad I nscriptions

S ee A ppendix p p. ( c)

4 9-95.

9 7-100.

G eneral

Ih ave n ot f ound a ny e pigraphic m aterial w hich s pecifically r efers t o t he P ilgrim 's R oad, i ts c onstruction, u pkeep, o rganization a nd a dministration. I t i s a r easonable i nference, h owever, t hat t he G ebze i nscription d iscussed b y R obert ( 1955, 4 6-62 a nd b ibliography) r efers t o t he p rovision o f a nimals f or s ervice o n t his r oad. T he a ncient D acibyza i s u sually l ocated a t G ebze; i t w as p robably a m ansio o n t he P ilgrim 's R oad. 3 . ( a)

S ites a nd M onuments S ites C onstantinopolis - N icomedia N one o bserved b y m e.

F or s ites

i n t his r egion,

s ee M ansel

( 1972).

N icomedia - N icaea H isareyn: a s ite o n a h ill, c alled l ocally H isar. B ibliography: $ ahin 1 974,

b etween H isareyn a nd t he c oast, 7 2

N icaea - I uliopolis ( 1) K aradin: am ound i n t he p lain, S o f t he v illage; p lain-ware a nd M edieval ( glazed-ware) s herds. B ibliography: ( 2)

M edetli:

F rench 1 967,

5 2 n o.

p rehistoric,

1 0.

a s mall f ortified s ite o n t he e nd o f a r idge,

o verlooking t he o ld " Medetli b ridge" o n t he G öynükdere s tream; s ite c alled K ale m evkii, C . 4 k m S SE o f t he v illage; t he c ircuit w all i s b uilt o f r ubble, -c ement a nd t iles; s herds o f r ibbed p lain-ware. ( 3)

D ikenli G eO _t:

a s mall s tructure(?),

r oad ( from V ezirhan t o G ölpazari), f or A. S usuz. ( 4) G ölpazari: a s mall m ound, t own;, n ot v isited.

2 3

c .

C .

5 0 m .

N o f m odern

0 .60 T CM W o f t he t urning

i n t he p lain,

c .

1 .50 km W o f t he

( 5)

A ricaklar:

am ound i n t he v alley,

c .

1 .50 k m N o f t he

v illage; o n t he E s ide t he v illage r oad7 p rehistoric a nd p lain-ware s herds. F or a ncient r emains a t A ricaklar: s ee M endel 1 900, 4 01; c f . a lso R obert 1 940, 3 04 a nd n o. 7 . ( 6) K ilciler: s ite o n a n i solated r ock, o verlooking t he E b ank o f t he g akirlar t ributary; c . 2 k m W SW o f t he v illage a nd c . 2 k m S E o f t he b ridge o ver t he g akirlar t ributary; p rehistoric, H ellenistic a nd p lain-ware s herds.

t iles, a nd

( 7) S arilar K öprü: s ite o n t he e nd o f a l ong, l imestone r idge, s teep s lope o n t he w est, g entle s lope o n t he e ast; f ortified a t N e nd o f s ettlement a rea ( mostly c oncentrated o n t he E s ide o f t he r idge); a rchitectural f ragments, t iles; p rehistoric, P hrygian, H ellenistic, R oman ( plain-ware) a nd M edieval ( glazedw are) s herds. T he f oot o f t he r idge i s n ow f looded b y t he w aters o f t he S arlyar d am ; f ormerly a s ite w as v isible o n t he E b ank o f t he A lada g ay; b oth r iver b ank a nd s ite a re n ow l ost; s o t oo i s t he S arilar b ridge. B ibliography: A nderson 1 898, 6 5 ( Eskisehir) I uliopolis - A ncyra ( 1)

D ikmen-Hüyük:

a m ound i n t he u pland p lains c .

8 .30 k m S

o f D ikmen v illage; t he s ite i s a n e xtensive s ettlement, c . 5 00 m . i n d iameter, s urrounding a p rehistoric m ound c . 1 00 x 7 l e r .-; a rchitectural f ragments, t iles; p rehistoric, P hrygian, H elleni stic a nd R oman ( plain-ware) s herds; a b ronze c oin o f ( ?) G alatia ( Ankara M useum n o. s eated b etween t wo l ions). B ibliography: ( 2)

7 9-73-2035 r ev.

F rench e t a l.

A s ite i n U r 3ur ay v alley,

1 973,

( ?) E l lIB[ AC] C ybele

8 1

n ear B a 4icek g iftli i:

t he s ite

i s r epresented b y a s catter o f t iles a nd p lain-ware s herds o n a l ow h ump, c . 1 .50 k m S W o f B a 4icek g iftliei. ( 3)

g esme:

h ill-fort o verlooking B asayas v alley t o S E,

c .

5k m

N E o f A yas; d efence-wall C . 3m . t hick, e specially o n NW a nd S E s ides; g ate a t N E c orner; — E B2 s herds i n v alley t o N E ( ? c emetery); P hrygian s herds

i nside h ill f ort.

( 4) A yas b eli: a s mall m ound ( c. 5 0 m . d iameter) j ust b eside a nd t o E o f t he s ose t o B asayas ; -J . 0 .70 k m S o f t he Ankara N allihan h ighway; a l ate, r ectangular s tone s tructure i s v isible o n t op; p rehistoric a nd p lain-ware s herds. ( 5)

A s ite i n a v alley,

c .

5 .40 k m W o f i lyagut:

a re v isible o n a s mall k noll, o verlooking a s tream, o f t he v alley; p lain-ware s herds.

f oundations o n N s ide

( 6) A vdan g iftlik: a m ound s ite i n t he p lain, n ow u nder t he m odern 0 .ftlik; l ow a nd s preading, c . 1 00 m . d iameter x 1 .5 m . p lain-ware s herds. ( 7) g akirlar g iftlik : a s ite u nder t he m odern b uildings; r egular c ut l imestone b locks; p lain-ware s herds.

2 4

h t;

( 8)

D örtpinar m evkii,

e me:

m ound c .

5 0 m .

N o f ç esme,

a nd

b eside a nd t o S o f a t rack, w hich p robably r epresents t he l ine o f

t he R oman r oad;

p lain-ware s herds.

A ncyra - C olonia A rchelais ( 1)

K epekliboeaz,

D ikmen:

a s mall s ite,

c ut t hrough b y m odern

r oad-building o perations i n 1 974; s tructures a re v isible i n t he s carp o n t he w estern s ide o f t he m odern A nkara - K onya h ighway, n ear t he t op o f t he p ass a t a p oint e xactly o pposite t he j unction f or D ikmen;

p lain-ware s herds.

( 2) O eulbey: t he H ellenistic s ite i s o n a s mall, i solated r ock, i mmediately S a nd W o f t he K irsehir j unction o n t he A nkara K onya h ighway; a f ew f ragments o f a f ortification w all c an b e s een; t he l ater s ite l ies a t t he W f oot a nd i s o f u ndetermined e xtent; ( 3)

H ellenistic a nd p lain-ware s herds.

S ite a t a ç esme n ear D eliler g iftlik:

a re v isible i n a s carp b elow a ç e me, i ftlik; p lain-ware s herds.

c .

s ome s tone s tructures

5 k m W o f D eliler

( 4) D eliler g iftlik: m ound o n t he n orth e dge o f a b road, v alley; c . 8 .00 k m S SE o f K araali; p rehistoric, P hrygian, H ellenistic a nd p lain-ware s herds.

f lat

( 5) Y üreli: am ound s ite, i n t he v alley b ottom ,c. 1 .50 k m S o f v illage; l ow a nd e xtensive, c . 1 50 x 3 m .; H ellenistic a nd p lain-ware s herds. ( 6)

T ekatil:

a s mall m ound s ite, b eside a nd t o W o f t he a gil

( sheepfold) o n W o f R oman r oad a nd m odern-track; c . 1 1.00 k m N NW o f S uyugüzel; c . 5 0 x 2m ., p rehistoric a nd -p lain-ware s herds. ( 7) S uyugüzel: m ound o n t he s outh b ank o f t he S ofular c . 2 .00 k m d ue N o f v illage, o n E o f v illage o se; p rehistoric, H ellenistic a nd p lain-ware s herds. B ibliography: V on d er O sten 1 929, 1 43 a nd f igs. 2 22 a nd 2 23 " Sofular H üyük" V on d er O sten 1 937, F rench e t a l. 1 973, ( 8)

S arihüyük:

4 31 " Suyugüzel" 6 0

a n e xtensive f ortified s ite,

s urrounding a

p rehistoric m ound ( now i n t he c entre o f t he v illage); t he f ortification w alls h ave r ecently b een s ystematically r obbed f or b uilding s tone; p rehistoric, P hrygian, H ellenistic a nd p lain-ware s herds. B ibliography: A nderson 1 898, 1 06

( 9) B ektasli: c . 1 25 x 6 m .;

V on d er O sten 1 929, H ild 1 977, 3 8

1 43 a nd f ig.

F rench e t a l.

8 0

1 973,

2 24

a m ound o n a v alley s ide, c . 3 k m S o f v illage; p rehistoric, P hrygian, H ellenistic a nd p lain-

w are s herds.

2 5

( 10) K eles H üyük: a l arge, c onical-shaped m ound, c onspicuous a nd p rominent f rom a ll d irections; c . 5 k m N NW o f G ülhüyük v illage ( formerly M uhlisoba); c . 1 5.0 5 x 1 5 m .; P hrygian, H ellenistic a nd p lain-ware s herds.

p rehistoric,

( 11) D ee ;irmenyolu: a n e xtensive ( ? f ortified) s ite, s urroundi ng a t all m ound i n t he m iddle o f t he v illage ( formerly c alled P arlasan);

p rehistoric,

s herds. B ibliography:

P hrygian, H ellenistic a nd p lain-ware

A nderson 1 899, 1 07 H ild 1 977, 3 9 F rench e t a l. 1 973,

8 0

( 12) Y eniyuva ( formerly N urguz): a s mall m ound, i n a v alley; N W o f t urning t o v illage a nd N o f s ose t o O rtaköy, C . 2 k m S o f t he v illage; c . 7 5 x 1m .; r ibbed p lain-ware s herds. C olonia A rchelais - T yana ( 1)

P O ,a911 H üyük:

l arge m ound,

S E o f Ma0 .1 v illage; ( 2)

B ekarsultan T ürbesi:

o f t he v alley , c. B ibliography:

Y azihüyük: B ibliography:

l arge e xtensive m ound,

a s mall m ound,

a m ound, i n t he v illage; B elleten 1 8 ( 1954) 4 04 A lp 1 956, 3 7 M eriggi 1 963, 2 84

( 5) G ölcük: a s mall m ound, v isited. B ibliography: H ild 1 977, ( 6) Y eniköy: s herds.

1 .50 k m

i n t he m iddle

4 k m WNW o f B ekar; n ot v isited. J acopi 1 938, 2 9 a nd f ig. 1 09 H ild 1 977, 4 3 a nd f ig. 2

( 3) B ekar ( formerly N enezi): n ot v isited. ( 4)

i n t he o pen v alley , c .

n ot v isited.

i n t he v illage;

n ot v isited.

o n t he N e dge o f t he village; 4 5 q uoting T hierry 1 963,

a s mall m ound,

n ear t he v illage;

n ot

2 9

p lain-ware

T yana - F austinopolis ( 1) T oraman: a l ow, f lat s ite, o n S s ide o f s ose t o B asmakci; c . 2 .25 k m W o f B asmakci; c . 0 .50 k m N o f v illage; t iles, p lain-ware s herds. T here i s p ossibly s ome l arge s tructure o pposite t he s ite,

o n t he N s ide o f t he s ose t o B asmakci.

F austinopolis - P ylae ( 1) P ozanti: a s ettlement s ite, r iver; n ot v isited. B ibliography:

H arper 1 970,

o n t he E b ank o f t he ç akit

1 50-151 a nd p l.

X XII c .

( 2) P elit: a s tructure i s v isible i n t he r oad-side s carp, c . 0 .40 k m E o f t he P elit r est-station a nd c . 4 .50 km W o f P ozanti; p lain-ware s herds. 2 6

P ylae - T arsus ( 1) G ülek B o azi: t here a re r emains o f s tructures o n t he h ill a bove a nd E o f t he m odern h ighway; c . 0 .80 k m S o f t he G ates; p lain-ware a nd M edieval ( 2) H an: a t a km N o f S ari lh,

( glazed-ware)

s herds.

e ?me c . 4 .00 k m S o f G ülek B o 7s azi a nd c . 5 .44 w here t here i s a T urkish h an; t he s ite i s o n

t he h illside a bove

t he h an ( 'Ziftlik'

o n T urkish 2 00,000 m ap,

7 7-Iü o n s heet U lukisla). ( 3) S arisih: t here i s a s ite o n t he h illside, a bove a nd t o S o f t he h an ( 'Hüseyinlisariseyh' o n T urkish 2 00,000 m ap U lukisla 7 7IU). B ibliography:

R amsay 1 903, "

( 4)

S ae ,likli

1 908,

3 70-373 2 82

( formerly B ayram11):

l ie o n t he R oman r oad W o f K avakli" B ibliography: R amsay 1 903, 3 69 ( b)

" the p rincipal R oman r emains ( Ramsay)

B ridges N icomedia - N icaea i zmit

( ancient N icomedia),

B ibliography:

B asiskele K öprüsü

S abin 1 974,

7 3 a nd p l.

9

N icaea - I uliopolis G öksu: T asköprü o n G öksu n ear O smaneli B ibliography: v on d er G oltz 1 896, 4 51 g ulpan 1 975, 2 08 n o. 1 42A, k öprüsü,

a nd 2 39 n o.

p l.

1 42,

" Vezirhan

2 3

T arsus - M opsuestia ( 1)

( 2)

T arsus, o n T arsus o r B erdan c ay ( ancient C ydnus) B ibliography: ( ancient) P rocopius D e A edificiis V .

v .14-20

A dana, o n S eyhan ( ancient S arus) B ibliography: ( ancient) P rocopius D e A edificiis V .

v .8-13

( inscr.) ( 3)

Y akapinar

( ancient M opsuestia),

B ibliography:

( c)

C auseways

N eroutsos 1 878 o n C eyhan

( ancient P yramus)

( ancient) P rocopius D e A edificiis V . v .4-7 ( coins) S NG v . A ulock 1 7.5747 ( Valerianus)

a nd P aved F ords

O va c ay i n t he M urtad o va, n ear Y eregiren gftlik: t he s tructure i s C . 5 00 m . l ong, 3 .50 m . w ide, t here i s a s light b end o r a ngle a bout h alf-way a long; t he p aved f ord i s m ade o f l arge, u nworked b locks o r s labs o f " Ankara" s tone, w ith l arger s labs o f t he s ame m aterial a s e dge-stones.

2 7

4 .

C oins

I uliopolis:

f or t he c oins o f t his c ity,

s ee b elow p p.

3 9 a nd 4 5.

M ODERN D ATA 1 .

M easured d istances

F or t ables c orrelating m odern d istances a nd a ncient s ources, b elow T ables 1 -11, ( a) a nd ( b). 2 .

s ee

M odern o bservations

A n umber o f t ravellers, a rchaeologists a nd c ompilators h ave p rovided s mall i tems o f i nformation: o f t hese t he b est i s u ndoubtedly S tarr. N icomedia - N icaea ( 1) ( 2) ( 3) ( 4) ( 5) ( 6)

D ernschwam : e d. B abinger 1 923, P errot e t a l. 1 862, 9 v on D iest 1 898, 1 1 K iepert, S heet B I I B russa ( ed. M agie 1 950, I I, 1 186 S ahin 1 974, 7 2 " Bey y olu"

1 60

2 ,

1 914)

N icaea - I uliopolis ( 1) ( 2) ( 3)

v on d er G oltz: q uoted i n P W 1 11-1.508 v on D iest 1 898, 1 8-19 K iepert, S heet B I I B russa ( ed. 2 , 1 914)

A ncyra ( 1) ( 2) ( 3) ( 4) ( 5) ( 6)

C olonia A rchelais

R amsay 1 890, 4 6, 2 55 e t a l. 1 862, 2 79 A nderson 1 899, 1 00, 1 03, M acpherson 1 954, 1 12 S tarr 1 962, 9 0-92 H ild 1 977, 3 5, 3 7, 3 9 Perrot

1 07

C olonia A rchelais - T yana S tarr 1 962,

8 7-90

P ylae - T arsus ( 1) ( 2) ( 3) ( 4) ( 5) ( 6) ( 7)

R itter : q uoted b y R amsay ( 1903, 3 75 n .1); n on v idi L anglois 1 861, 3 64 L anglois ( RA 1 857, 4 81) q uoted b y R amsay ( 1898, 2 38); v idi R amsay 1 890, 2 38 R amsay 1 898, 2 38 a nd n .1) R amsay 1 903, 3 74-378 R amsay 1 908, 2 80-281

2 8

n on

I n t wo c ases I h ave p rovided a dditional m aps p recision w hich c an n ow b e a pplied t o s tudies g eography o f A sia Minor.

i n t he h istorical

T hey a re g iven b elow, m aps 8 a nd 9

( Classical M ap o f A sia M inor)

a nd m aps 1 0 a nd 1 1

S trassensystem i n K appadokien). i n b lack o n w hite:

t o i llustrate t he g reater

( Das b yzantinische

T he o riginal m aps a re p rinted h ere

t he c orrections a re o ver-printed

i n r ed.

I DENTIFICATIONS A ND T OPOGRAPHICAL N OTES I n a ddition t o a ccepted a nd r ecognized i dentifications, s uggestions m ay n ow b e m ade:

s ome n ew

b oth o ld a nd n ew a re i ncluded h ere.

N icomedia - N icaea ( 1) E riboulus ( mutatio): a t H isar n ear H isareyn. I n t his i nstance t he m utatio m ay h ave b een s ituated a t o r i n E riboulus i tself. N icaea - I uliopolis ( 1)

S chinae

( mutatio):

a t

t he m ound b elow K aradin.

( 2)

A rtemis

( mutatio):

a t

t he s ite n ear K ilciler,

t he i dentification i s b y n o m eans c ertain. a s cribal e rror ( XII f oi V II) i n t he I tin.

a lthough

O ne m ust p ostulate B urd. i n o rder t o

m ake t he a ncient a nd m odern d istances f it. ( 3) I uliopolis ( civitas): a t S arilar K öprü n ear g ayirhan; n ow m ake t his i dentification w ith c onfidence ( see b elow: I uliopolis a nd L agania). I uliopolis - A ncyra ( 1) L agania/Anastasioupolis ( mansio): a t D ikmen H üyük; a s w ith I uliopolis, I n ow m ake t his i ndetification with c onfidence ( see b elow:

I uliopolis a nd L agania).

( 2) M nizus ( mansio): a t t he s mall m ound i n t he U e ,ur ay n ear B a 4 4ek g iftli gi a s i n o ther c ases, I s uggest t hat h ere t here m ay b e y et a nother i nstance o f a w ay-station o r i nn, d ependent o n,and n amed a fter, t he p rimary o r p arent s ite. M nizus i tself m ay t hen b e s ought e lsewhere e .g. 5 .5 k m n orthwards. ( 3) t o

P rasmon

( mutatio):

a t

a t Inca,

t he ç esme o n t he A yas r oad,

C .

c lose

t he h ill-fort.

( 4) M alogordis s ite i s s mall.

( mansio):

a t

t he s ite a t A vdan g iftlik;

t his

A ncyra - C olonia A rchelais ( 1)

G orbeous/Curveunta

( mansio):

a t t he s ite n ear 0 , ' ' ,ulbeY;

t he r oyal r esidence o f C astor a t G orbeous ( Strabo C 5 68, 1 2.5.3) c an n ow b e i dentified w ith t he H ellenistic p eriod s ite d iscovered n ear 0 g ,ulbey. 2 9

( 2) R osolodiaco ( mutatio): a t t he ç e me n ear Deliler t he s ite a t t his ç esme i s n ot i mposing; c ontemporary s ites a re k nown a t D eliler c iftlik ( the l arge m ound, c . 4 km e astwards) a nd Y üreli.

O ne o f t he

( 3)

( mutatio):

A ndrapa

t wo m ay b e

t he

" parent" s ite.

K eles H üyük n ear G ülhüyük.

( 4) A rgustana ( mutatio): a t t he h üyük n ear Y eniyuva; i t i s s uggested t hat t he f ormer n ame o f t his v illage, N urguz, m ay p reserve

t he a ncient n ame,

C olonia A rchelais ( 1)

N azianzus:

A rgustana.

T yana a t B ekarsultantürbesi;

Ih ave p referred t o

l ocate A nathiango m ansio a t B ekar r ather t han a t A ga 0 _1. T he p reference h as v ery l ittle b asis, o ther t han p lace-name r esembl ance. T he " parent" s ite i s, m ost c ertainly, a t B ekarsultant urbesi. B ekar i s n ow t he o fficial n ame f or N enezi. ( 2)

C husa

( mutatio):

a t Y azihüyük

( 3) S asima ( mansio): a t G ölcük; S asima, t he " parent" s ite o f t he m ansio, i s ,t hen, t o b e l ocated a t H asaköy ( see, h owever, t he d iscussion i n H ild ( 1977, 4 4-45) o n t he l ocation o f L imnai). ( 4)

A ndabilis

( mansio):

n ear Y eniköy;

Ih ave

l ocated t he

a ncient m ansio a t t he s ite o f t he m odern h an 4 .20 km E o f Y eniköy, w hile r etaining Y eniköy a s t he m ain s ite, A ndavilis. ( 5)

F austinopolis:

a t B a mak i

( Ballance

1 964,

1 40-142).

F austinopolis - P ylae ( 1)

O podandus

( mansio):

a t " Pelit" n ear P ozanti;

t he m ain

" parent" s ite i s u ndoubtedly t o b e i dentified w ith t he r emains d escribed b y H arper ( 1970, 1 50-151). T he d ependant s ite ( Opodandus m ansio) i s t hus s ituated a t s ome d istance a long t he r oad. ( 2)

P ylae

( mutatio):

a t t he h an,

C .

4 .00 km S o f t he G ates.

S ome e arlier i dentifications, o f c ourse, m ay s tand, a lthough m ore p ositive, e pigraphic e vidence h as n ot c ome t o l ight. N evertheless, t he c orrelation b etween t he m ileage f igures o n t he a ncient i tineraries a nd t he m odern, m easured d istances s upports i dentification.

t he

Ancyra - C olonia A rchelais ( 1)

A spona:

a t S edithüyük,

n ow r enamed S arihüyük.

( 2) P arnassus: a t D egirmenyolu, t he f ormer n ame o f t he v illage, P arlasan, p reserves t he a ncient n ame.

3 0

S ites f or w hich i dentifications h ave n ot b een m ade a lthough a n a pproximate l ocation c an b e s uggested,

a re a s f ollows.

N icomedia - N icaea ( 1)

L ibum m ansio:

( 2)

L iada m utatio:

N icaea

a t o r n ear S enaiye. a t o r n ear S ariagil.

I uliopolis

( 1)

M ido m ansio:

a t o r n ear T asköprü.

( 2)

C hogeae m utatio:

a t o r n ear S elimiye.

( 3)

T hateso m utatio:

i n t he D ikenli G e 0A ..

( 4)

T utaion m utatio:

a t t he h üyük n ear G ölpazari.

( 5)

P rotunica m utatio:

( 6)

D ablae m ansio:

( 7)

C eratae m ansio:

( 8)

F inis m utatio:

( 9)

D adastana m ansio:

( 10)

T ransmonte m utatio:

( 11)

M ilia m utatio:

a t o r n ear H aciköyü.

a t o r n ear K ayabasi. a t o r n ear H immetoälu. a t o r n ear E ricek. a t o r n ear K arahisar. a t o r n ear B atlica,

a t o r n ear E ymir,

S a ak D ere.

K ösemtepe.

I uliopolis - A ncyra ( 1)

H icronpotamon m utatio:

( 2)

I petobrogen m utatio:

( 3)

C enaxis P alus m utatio:

o n o r n ear t he G irmir g ay. a t o r n ear P erli g iftlik. a t o r n ear M acun g iftlik.

A ncyra - C olonia A rchelais ( 1)

D elemna m utatio:

i n t he K epeklibogaz,

o bserved a t t he t op o f ( 2)

A liassum m utatio:

( 3)

G alea m utatio:

c lose t o t he s ite

c he p ass. a t o r n ear A f ar.

a t o r n ear B üyük B iyik.

?W as

t he " parent"

s ite a t B ektasli H üyük. ( 4)

I ogola

( variant O zzala)

m ansio:

a t a n

t he P e eneközü ,in v alley b elow Ü zengilik; t his v illage m ay p erhaps r eflect

3 1

( unlocated)

s ite n ear

t he m odern n ame o f

t he a ncient n ame.

( 5)

N italis

( mansio):

o f t he P egeneközü,

a t a n

( unlocated)

s ite i n t he v alley

b elow t he v illage o f K abakülak.

P ylae - T arsus ( 1)

M ansucrinae m ansio:

a t o r n ear H acihamzall.

" parent" s ite a t t he r uins n ear S a6 ;likli

?W as

t he

( formerly B ayramli).

D ATE O F C ONSTRUCTION A ND R ECONSTRUCTION O n t he b asis o f m ilestone e vidence - f or t his r oad w e h ave n o o ther t he P ilgrim 's R oad w as b uilt d uring t he t ime o f D omtianus, s pecifically i n t he y ear A D 8 2 u nder t he g overnor, A .

C aesennius G allus

( milestones

n os. 3 9(A ), 3 9(G) a nd 4 8(C), a ll i n G alatia). F or s ome s tretches a d ate a f ew y ears e arlier m ay b e p ossible, n amely A D 8 0/81, ( c.f. a m ilestone o f T itus w ith D omitianus o n t he r oad A ncyra-Pessinus: M ülk n ear S ivrihisar: C IL 1 11.1.318; I LS 1 .263). O ne s ection o f

t he P ilgrim 's R oad p asses

f rom

t hrough N icomedia a nd N icaea.

T he e arliest k nown m ilestone f rom t his r egion o f B ithynia i s o ne o f T raianus ( AD 1 14/115: n o. 8 (B)). F rom t he a rea o f B ursa ( the a ncient P rusa), h owever, a t l east t wo F lavian m ilestones h ave b een r ecorded. I t i s i nteresting t o n ote t hat b oth s tones c ommemorate a r epair o r r econstruction ( AD 7 8: C IL I II. S uppl. 1 . 6 993 v iam a n ovo m unierunt A D 7 8; u npublished m ilestone i n B ursa M useum ). B ithynia w as o rganized a s a R oman p rovince i n 7 3 B C.

A sia, w hich w as

a ccepted a s a R oman p rovince a fter t he d eath o f A ttalus I II i n 1 33 B C, w as p rovided w ith r oads f our y ears l ater b y t he p roconsul M anius A quillius ( French 1 980, 7 07 a nd m ap 1 ). S ubsequently V espasianus r epaired a r oad i n t he a rea o f P ergamum w here a R epublican m ilestone ( of M anius A quillius) i s a lso r ecorded ( CIL 1 .2.647; C IL I II. S uppl. 1 . 7 183; I LS 1 .27). W e d o n ot y et k now w ho, t hen, b uilt i n t he B ithynian s ection o f t he P ilgrim 's R oad.

o r p aved t he r oads

R econstructions o r r epairs t o i solated(?) s ections - I a ssume n ot o f t he w hole - o f t he P ilgrim 's R oad t ook p lace, o n t he e vidence o f t hose m ilestones w hich d isplay a n u nambiguous t ext, i n t he y ears: ( 1)

A D

1 14/115 u nder T raianus

( no.

( 2)

A D 1 15/116 u nder T raianus

( 3)

A D 2 08 u nder S everus a nd C aracalla

( no.

( 4)

A D 2 12 u nder C aracalla

( nos.

a nd 4 2(B)

( 5)

A D 2 17 u nder C aracalla

( no.

( 6)

A D 2 17-218 u nder M acrinus

( 7)

A D 2 23 u nder S everus A lexander

( no.

6 5(A )

( 8)

A D 2 30 u nder S everus A lexander

( no.

6 4 i n C ilicia)

( nos.

i n B ithynia)

2 a nd 4 i n B ithynia)

4 0(A )

3 9(M)

i n G alatia) i n G alatia )

6 1 i n C appadocia)

( no.

3 2

8 (B)

5 5

i n C appadocia) i n C ilicia)

T he R oad I nscription a t t he C ilician G ates

c an b e d ated t o t he r eign

o f C aracalla, A D 2 11-217. F inally, i t i s a p oint o f s ome s ignificance - I b elieve - t hat o n F lavian m ilestones i n G alatia t he E mperors c laim t o p ave a r oad: v ias s travit/straverunt.

L ater E mperors d o n ot m ake t he s ame a nnounce-

m ent. T he i nference, t herefore, t hat p rior t o t he F lavian a ctivities t here e xisted u npaved r oads ( "trackway", " pathway", s ee p .128) l eads o ne t o s peculate o n t he n ature o f r outes o r r oads i n t he H ellenistic a nd P ersian p eriods. T o t his s ubject I s hall r eturn i n a l ater p ublication.

3 2A

I ULIOPOLIS A ND L AGANIA/ANASTASIOUPOLIS I h ave e nlarged t he n otes g iven a bove o n t he h istorical c ontext of t he P ilgrim's R oad, a nd d evoted t he e xpanded a ccount t o a s tudy of t he t opographical p roblems a nd t he l iterary a nd a rchaeological e vidence f or I ullopolis a nd L agania, i n o rder t hat t he e nlarged v ersion m ight f orm t he b asis o f a g eographical a nd h istorical t reatment w hich w ill a ppear i n t he s econd f ascicule of t he i nscriptions o f A nkara

( REa4 ,M f asc.

2 ).

T he l ocations o f s ites a long t he r oute a nd c ourse o f t he " Pilgrim 's R oad" a cquired, u nder t he p en o f R amsay a nd o thers, t he s tatus o f a rchaeological f acts. S o i t s tayed f or t he n inety y ears s ince R amsay w rote ( 1890, 1 97, 2 42). A nderson ( 1899, 6 4-65, 6 9-71) p ut t he f inishing t ouches t o t he w ork a nd s ince 1 899, a rchaeologists a nd h istorians h ave a ccepted w hat R amsay a nd A nderson f irmly s uggested. A nd t here t he matter r ested u ntil 1 972. I n t he s pring o f t hat y ear,

t wo m ilestones

c ame t o m y a ttention b y

a ccident, w hile I w as r eturning f rom B olu t o A nkara v ia N allihan a nd B eypazari. A t a s hort d istance E o f N allihan a nd b eside t he o ld m ain r oad, a w ell p reserved p aved-road o f p resumed R oman d ate w as a ccidenta lly o bserved b y m y f amily a nd m yself w hile p icnicking.

T his s tretch

o f r oad w as e asily f ollowed e astwards u ntil i t c ame t o t he h igh g round o ver-looking t he l ake o f t he S arlyar d am . B eside t his r oad, a t a s hort d istance f rom t he m odern h ighway, l ay f ragments o f t wo s eparate m ilestones, e ach a pparently i n s itu. A s ubsequent v isit l ocated a t hird,

a lso a pparently i n s itu,

a nd

t he r emaining s tretches

o f i ntact R oman r oad-surface w ere t raced a s f ar a s a p oint c . 2 0 k m W o f A nkara. T hese s tones ( gayirhan 1 , 2 a nd 3 ) h ave n ow b een b rought t o t he Ankara M useum o f A natolian C ultures a nd d eposited i n t he e pigraphic c ollection ( in t he R oman B aths). H ere t hen w as a n a ctual r oad, c ertainly R oman, q uite d ifferent f rom t hat s uggested b y R amsay,

r unning a long a c ourse A nderson a nd o thers.

T his r esult, n ot i n i tself r emarkable - m uch t hat R amsay p ut f orward h as s ince b een d ismantled - d id, h owever, p roduce a ' domino' e ffect: i t e nabled t he l ocation o f p laces, k nown t o h ave b een s ituated a long t he r oad, t o b e p in-pointed, r ecognized a nd t hen c onfirmed b y s urviving a ncient r emains.

H ISTORICAL C ONTENT T he n ame, i f e ver o ne w as g iven t o i t b y t he R omans, f or t he w hole r oad b etween C onstantinople, A ncyra a nd t he C ilician G ates h as n ot s urvived b ut a t l east

t he s ection i n t he T aurus m ountains

i s n ow

k nown t o h ave b een c alled t he V ia T auri ( Harper 1 970, 1 51). T hat t he r oad w as h eavily u sed i s u ndisputed. P liny ( Epist. X . l xxvii.3) c omments o n te d ensity o f t he

t raffic a long i t.

H adrian m ade u se

o f t he r oute * . C ampaigns w ere f ought a long i t ( Ammianus M arcellinus x xvi. 7 a nd 8 ; A D 3 65). T hat t he r oad w as w ell k nown, m ay b e d educed f rom t he b revity o f h istorical a ccounts; o nly r arely d o t hey g ive d etails. M acrinus t ravelled b y v ehicle, w e a re t old, " through C appadocia, G alatia a nd B ithynia" ( Dio C assius l xxiv. 3 93; s ummer, A D 2 18).

J ovian a nd h is a rmy t ook t he s ame r oute

3 3

( winter, A D 3 63/4);

o nly T yana, A spona, A ncyra a nd D adastana, w here h e d ied, a re n amed ( Amm . M arc. x xv. 1 0). T he E mperors, A rcadius a nd H onorius , undoubte dly m ade u se o f t his r oute ( Cod. T heod. 8 .1.14 N icaea a nd 9 .40.16 M nizus, J une 2 8, 3 98 a nd J uly 2 7, 3 98 r espectively). C hristians, p ilgrims - E geria i s o ne ( ed. P rinz 1 960,

L ater t ravellers, X XIII.6-7) -

p assed a long t he r oad, w ith s carcely a m ention o f t he r oute. I n t he s ixth c entury i t w as s till t he " public h ighway", 7 ) 8 1 1 W 5C YL a Gipe tTO . TO( ) Bac YLA .L . Ko0 8p6p .ou ( Vita S . T heod.I.3.5). T he r oad c learly s erved b oth a rmy a nd p ublic a like, t hroughout t he R oman a nd B yzantine p eriods. 8 A N ot a g reat d eal i s k nown o f t his a rea o f G alatia a nd B ithynia. I uliopolis a nd L agania, t wo o f t he p laces n amed i n t he a ncient i tineraries, c annot p retend t o h istorical d istinction. T he o rigins o f t he n ame I uliopolis, e arlier c alled G ordiucomej a re g iven i n S trabo ( C 5 74, 1 2.8.9); i t w as m ade i nto a p olis a nd, i n h onour o f C aesar A ugustus, r enamed I uliopolis b y a b rigand c hieftain, C leon, a n ative o f G ordiucome i tself ( Pliny N H.V.x1.143). I ts n ame a ppears f rom t ime t o t ime i n t he l iterary s ources o r a mong i nscriptions. P liny a nd T rajan ( Epist. X .1xxvii a nd l xxviii) c orrespond o n t he c ondition o f I uliopolis. N either s eems t o h ave v isited t he t own, b ut H adrian d id a nd w rote a l etter f rom t here ". I t w as, i n C hristian t imes, t he s eat o f a b ishop, u nder t he m etropolitan o f A ncyra, a s w as L agania. B oth I uliopolis a nd L agania/Anastasioupolis ( about w hich v irtually n othing i s k nown) a cquired s ome v icarious f ame t hrough t he s aintly a ctivities o f T heodorus o f S ykeon, b ut t he b revity o f t he PW e ntries a re a r eminder o f h ow l ittle i s k nown o f t he t wo s ites w here a lmost f our t housand y ears o f s uccessive o ccupation m ay s till b e s een. I t i s n ot a n u nimportant p oint f or t he s tudy o f t he p olitical a nd e conomic s tatus o f t he p rovincial t owns o f R oman a nd B yzantine A sia M inor t hat t he s ame m ight b e s aid f or m any, o n t he p lateau o f A natolia. A fter t he b attle o f M alazgirt

( AD 1 071),

i f n ot m ost,

o ther t owns

t he c ivil a nd m ilitary

a dministration o f A natolia w as n ecessarily c hanged. T his c hange i s r eflected n ot o nly i n t he d eath o f t owns a long t he r oute b ut a lso i n t he c ollapse o f t he r oad-system i tself. T he s tructure o f t he R oman r oad s uffered f rom n atural e ffects, s uch a s e rosion, a nd w hen i n t he s ixteenth c entury t he O ttomans r e-created t he r oute, i t w as a long a q uite d ifferent l ine ( Evliya, 2 39-241), w hich s urvived a s t he o ld A nkara - I stanbul r oad u ntil a n ew h ighway ( through B olu) was c onstructed i n t he y ears f ollowing 1 945. A f ew p eople - o ld m en, s hepherds a nd t he l ike - s till r efer t o t he c ourse o f t he R oman r oad a s t he U luyolu ( the G reat R oad), B a dat y olu ( the B aghdad r oad).

u sually d escribing i t a lso a s t he T his i s p ure f olk-memory. O ne

s hepherd, w hen q uestioned b y m e i n 1 974 o n t he t as y olu ( the s tone o r p aved r oad), w ent s o f ar a s t o c all i t t he " old r oad t o K onstanti(ni)ye"; f rom t here w estwards i t u sed n ot k now.

t o g o f urther, h e s aid,

b ut w here, h e d id

T HE T OPOGRAPHICAL P ROBLEMS I n a s ense,

a p roblem d id n ot s eem t o e xist b efore m y d iscovery o f a

r oad s urface i n t he r egion o f N allihan. T here w as n o n eed, i ndeed t here h ad b een n o f resh e vidence, t o q uestion t he v iews o f R amsay

3 4

( 1890),

v on D iest

s oon a s

t he c ourse o f a n o bservable r oadway c ould b e e stablished,

( 1895), A nderson

( 1899)

a nd o thers

f ollowing.

A s

h owever, t he q uestion a rose c oncerning t he s ites k nown f rom t he I tineraries a nd o ther s ources: w here w ere t hese s ites t o b e l ocated, i f t he s uggestions m ade b y R amsay a nd o thers w ere n ot c orrect? T he d iscovery o f t hree i nscribed m ilestones i n t he d istrict o f ( 1 ) 71 .rhan s erved t o e mphasize t he p roblem p osed b y t he e vidence o f a n o bservable r oadway. H ere w as t he i ndependent t estimony o f i nscriptions. A fter t he d iscovery o f t he m ilestones a t ç ayirhan, c areful r eading o f A nderson's a ccount ( among o thers) r evealed f our d ifficulties w hich w ere n ever - t hen o r s ubsequently - r esolved: ( 1)

n o a ctual R oman p aved-road h ad b een o bserved b etween A nkara a nd

t he m odern N alllhan,

( 2)

f or L agania,

a t

l east,

( 3)

n o m ilestone h ad b een f ound d emonstrably i n s itu b eside a n u ndisputed R oman r oad,

( 4)

a ll s uggested

l ocations

n o a dequate

s ite h ad b een d iscovered,

c onflicted w ith t he a ncient

t estimonia.

A ll t hese p roblems c an n ow b e m et, w holly o r i n p art. I s hall t reat t he c ategories o f e vidence i n t he o rder g iven h ere: a rchaeological, e pigraphic,

l iterary.

B efore d oing s o, I w ish t o s tate t he b asic p rinciple w hich h as b een f ollowed t hroughout; i t h as a lready b een q uoted ( French 1 974, 1 43): " Ramsay, f or i nstance, w rote m any p ages o n t he r outes o f R oman h ighways, b ut h is w ork a ctually c entred a bout h is s earch f or c ities. I n c ontrast, t he p resent p roject i s c oncerned w ith a ncient c ities o nly a s t hey r elate t o t he r oads w hich l inked t hem t ogether . O nly b y s earching f irst f or t he r oads c an t he a ncient i tineraries b e p rofitably u sed f or t he i dentification o f a c ity. O bviously u ntil t he c ourse o f a r oad i s p ositively k nown, i t i s i mpossible t o s peculate o n t he p ossible l ocation o f t he c ities a long i t". ( Starr 1 962, 5 -6). T hese n otes a re i n p art

i ntended a s

a d emonstration o f S tarr's

p rinciple.

A RCHAEOLOGICAL E VIDENCE 1 .

R oman R oad

T he p aved-road w hich h as a lready b een m entioned i n t hese n otes i s p resumed t o b e R oman b ecause o f t he m ilestones i n s itu b eside i t. I t i s b uilt, i t s eems, d irectly o n g round-surface, w ith v isible e dges o f l arge s tones ( 0.50 - 0 .75 m . l ong) a nd s maller f illing s tones ( c. 0 .20 - 0 .30 m . a cross), t he w idth b etween t he e dge-stones a verages c . 6 .50 m . A s pine, u sually c entred, i s a lmost a lways p resent;

3 5

w here i t i s n ot, t he l oss m ay b e d ue t o d estruction, n atural o r h uman. T he s pine i s n ot a lways c entred; t here i s n o c onsistency i n t he v ariations. T he s urface c an b e o bserved i n c ontinuous s tretches o f v arying l ength r unning f rom i znik ( Nikaia) v ia G ölpazari ( ? T ataion ) t o A nkara ( Ancyra) a nd b eyond. 2 .

M ilestones

T he f ollowing t hree m ilestones, w hich b ear t he n ame o f C aracalla a nd w hich g ive I uliopolis a s c aput v iae, p rovide d irect e pigraphic e vidence r elating t o t he l ocation o f I uliopolis a nd, b y i mplication, t o t he l ocation o f o ther s ites m entioned i n t he I tineraries, i n p articular t he s ite o f L agania.

CA YI R H A N 1 Map:

B olu 4 7-t.

Location:

I n s itu

;

c .

1 .60 k m W f rom p oint w here a m odern

t rack t o AC C-a a nd N alligölcük c rosses t he R oman r oad; o n N s ide o f t he r oad; c . 6 k m w estwards f rom g ayirhan 2 m ilestone . Publication:

C opied b y D HF 1 974.

Description:

A c oarse-limestone c olumn. V ery b adly w orn. B roken i nto t hree p ieces, t wo l arge a nd o ne s mall, t ogether w ith a m yriad o f s mall c hunks

D imensions:

T otal h t.

C .

2 .50 m ,

d iam .

[ B]

Text:

[ Imp

0 .75 m .

[ F]

Caes

M A ] urellius

[ Antoninus]

p l .us

( sic)

Aug

[ Parthicl us maximus 5

[ Britannil cus maximus [ Germalnicus [ pontifex]

maximus

[ tribuni]c

pot

[ imp 10

[A

I II

cos]

XVIIII I III

Iuliop] o[li mil

[ ' AI Tö

[ p

A D 2 15/6

3 6

p ]

VIIII]

' Io] uX[Lor t6Ä6w1c [ 8]

Date:

maximus

procos

C A YI R H AN 2 Map:

S ivrihisar 4 8-u.

Location:

I n s itu ; c . 0 .8 k m E o f p oint w here t he R oman r oad c rosses t he m odern r oad ( Ankara - N allihan); c . 1 .0 k m S W o f b ridge o ver t he A lada( g ay; o n N s ide o f

t he R oman r oad.

Publication:

F rench 1 976,

5 2.

Description:

A f ine l imestone c olumn, b roken i nto o ne l ong a nd l arge a nd t wo s mall

Dimensions:

T otal h t.

c . B

Text:

2 .75 m .,

d iam .

( wreath)

Imp

Caes

c .

0 .72 m .

F

M Aurellius

Antoninus

t hree p ieces,

( at t op).

Pius

( sic)

Aug

Parthicus maximus 5

Britannicus

maximus

Germanicus maximus pontifex maximus tribunic imp 10

III

cos

A Iuliopoli ' Anö

Date:

potest I II1 mil

XVIIII p m procos V

' IoukLonöÄcwg

A D 2 15/6

C A Y IRHAN 3 M ap: Location:

S ivrihisar 4 9-u. I n s itu

;

c .

1 50 m W o f a d ry w adi a nd c .

1 .7 k m

N o f t rack f rom K ayabükü g iftlik t o K öser : Tükü g iftlik. Publication:

S een b y D HF 1 974.

Description:

A c oarse-limestone c olumn, b roken i nto t hree p ieces, o ne l ong a nd l arge a nd t wo s mall o f c olumn).

Dimensions:

T otal h t.

c .

1 .75 m .,

3 7

d iam .

c .

0 .70 m .

( at t op

[ B]

T ext: Imp

(wreath)

Ca[ es

[ F]

M Aurellius]

Ant[oninus

Pius

Parthi[cus

maximus]

•

I

•

•

•

Aug]

Britannicus ma[ ximus] Germanicus tribunic imp

I II

m[ a] x[imus]

potes cos

A Iuliopoli

X [ VIIII]

IIII

p p pro [ os]

' An

' IouÄLo[ nc iXEc og]

VIII D ate:

3 .

A D 2 15/6?

S ites a nd m onuments

E ski§ehir: A nderson 's d escription ( 1899, 6 5) r eads: " Eski S heher ( 'old t own') l ies c lose t o t he r iver o n t he e ast s ide, l ess t han h alf a n h our n orth o f i ts j unction w ith t he S angarios a nd t en m inutes n orth of Y ardibi t chiftlik. T he s urface r emains h ave b een m ostly c arried t o S arilar, a v illage a bout t wenty m inutes t o t he s outh, a nd t here i s n ot m uch t o b e s een o n t he s ite e xcept t he f oundations of a l arge r ecta ngular b uilding w ith a n e ntrance o pposite t he b ridge". T he s ite a nd t he s o-called ( by A nderson ) " Sykeon" b ridge a re n ow l ost u nder t he w aters o f t he S arlyar b arrage. S o t oo i s t he s mall m ound ( c. 8 k m W o f S arilar b ridge, i n t he S akarya v alley) w hich A nderson ( 1899, 7 1) s uggested c ould b e t he s ite o f V alcaton. A p hotograph o f S arilar K öprüsi i i s g iven b y M acPherson ( 1965 I II a nd p l. I X:1). Anderson's o riginal d rawing o f t he S arilar b ridge i s c opied o ut b y B allance ( 1969, e t a l.

6 14 a nd f ig. 3 ). ( 1862, m ap D ).

T he

l ocation o f t he b ridge

i s

s hown b y P errot

W hat s eems t o h ave e scaped t he a ttention o f C rowfoot a nd Anderson i s t he r idge a bove a nd e ast o f S arilar b ridge a nd t he E ski§ehir s ite. I t i s a long t his r idge t hat t he m ain o ccupation c an n ow b e s een t o h ave t aken p lace. A c ity w all a nd g ate, a nd v arious s mall s tructures a nd s ome m arble a rchitectural f ragments, c an s till b e o bserved, p articularly o n t he e ast s ide o f t he r idge. P ottery o f t he P hrygian ( Grey w are), H ellenistic ( red-wash w are, s tamped, r ouletted), R oman ( r ed a nd b uff p lain-wares) a nd M edieval ( sgraffito g lazed ware) p eriods i s p lentiful. D ikmen H üyük: a l arge, s preading s ite, c . 8 .00 km s outh o f D ikmen v illage, i n a n u ndulating p lain; p erhpas 5 00 m i n d iameter, w ith n umerous s mall,

o utlying h umps s urrounding a h igh c entral m ound

( largely E arly B ronze a nd 2 M illennium ). S herd m aterial f rom t he o utlying h umps i s m ostly H ellenistic, R oman a nd B yzantine ( but n o g lazed w are). T he s tones o f a C hristian b uilding ( columns, c apitals) w ere l ying a round o n t he s urface, c . 2 00 m . E o f t he c entral m ound. T here w as p robably a c ircuit w all, t o j udge f rom t he c onfiguration o f t he s ite.

T he

s ame

t ype o f s ite

s een a t:

3 8

( Anderson 1 899,

1 10)

i s

t o b e

( 1)

T opakli-Hüyük

Androna

( c.

( Anderson 1 09,

v isible. B ibliography: ( 2)

( 3)

4 .00 km N E o f T opakli), 9 6),

? t he a ncient

w here a s tone c ircuit w all i s s till

F rench e t a l.

1 973,

8 1 a nd f ig.

p .

2 6.

S ari H üyük ( formerly S edit H üyük),

t he a ncient A spona.

B ibliography:

8 0.

D ee ,irmenyolu

F rench e t a l.

1 973,

( formerly P arlasan),

B ibliography:

F rench e t a l.

T he s herd m aterial f rom t hese s ites r epeats a t D ikmen H üyük,

n amely,

t he a ncient P arnassus.

1 973,

8 0. t he p attern o f o ccupation

E B 2 R ed-slipped ware,

P hrygian G rey w are,

H ellenistic a nd R oman. 4 .

C oin e vidence

T he

t wo n ames S kopas a nd S agaris/Sangarios,

o ccasionally o r g ods

t ogether,

a ccompany

o n t he c oins o f

B ibliography:

I llustrations:

u sually s ingly b ut

t he r eclining f igure o f a r iver-god

I uliopolis:

( 1) ( 2) ( 1)

H ead 1 911, 5 16. I mhoof-Blumer 1 923, W addington e t a l. x liii n o.

( 2)

B M C at. n o.

2 21, 1 908,

2 62. 3 85 n o.

4 CKPA(PIC) ( Ant.

P ontus e tc.

4 CArA(PIC)

( 3)

S NG v .

( 4)

W addington e t a l.

1 49 n o.

( Ant.

4 a nd p l.

P ius). 1 a nd p l.

Aulock 2 .468 CANrAPIOC

x liii n o.

1 908,

x xxi

P ius). ( Commodus).

3 8 n o.

1 3 CANTAPIOC a nd

1 5 a nd p l.

CKOF IAC ( Sept.

S everus). ( 5)

Waddington e t a l. x liii n o.

2 5

1 908,

CKONAC

3 89 n o.

3 1 a nd p l.

( Geta a s C aesar).

L ITERARY E VIDENCE 1 .

Ancient s ources

( 1)

I uliopolis was a c ivitas

( 2)

I uliopolis was a s mall f rontier t own o f B ithynia*9 .

( 3)

I uliopolis was a bout ' mile markers')

W o f

(0 .Ä .Lcr uc t)

I uliopolis

X .1xxx.2;

1 0 miles

I tin.

( MP i .e.

ä . ITO

B urd.

5 74).

CUT II ELOYO,

t he r iver c alled S iberis which was n ear

a village n amed S ykeae ( 4)

( Pliny E pist.

t o

( Procopius D e Aedificiis V .iv.1).

l ay o n t he e ast bank o f a r iver

( Procopius D e A ed.

V .iv.5). ( 5)

A r iver S kopas ( Exör t .a .g) i s m entioned S .

T heod.

1 .53.1).

3 9

i n V ita S .

T heodori

( Vita

T ab.

P eut.

I tin.

I uliopoli

A nt.

I tin.

I uliopolim

1 2

B urd.

I uliopolis 1 3

V alcaton

2 4

H icronpotamon

( Fines G alatiae) *1

1 0

1 1

L agania

L aganeos

M agannia 6

1 8 *3

P etobrogen 1 0

3 8

M inizo

M nizos 7*7

1 8

* 4

P rasmon 1 4 *8

M izago

M anegordo

M alagordis 1 3

2 0

1 9 *5

C enaxis p alus [ 61

( Ancyra) 8 0

* *

A ncira

* 2

1 . 2 .

3 . *4 . *5 . *6 . * 7 . *8 . *9 .

*

F ig.

* 9

7 9* 6

A nchira 8 0

' Fines C ilicie' o n T ab. P eut. I f t he f igure X XVIII i s o mitted f rom t he e ntry

' Fines C ilici(a )e

X XVIII'. A nt. I tin. : X XIII. I e mend t o X VIII. A nt. I tin. : X XVIII. MS L XVIII. A nt. I tin. : X XIIII. fe i end t o X VIIII. A fter e mendations. T otal i n A nt. I tin. 9 9. I tin. B urd. : X II. I e mend t o V II. I tin. B urd. :VIIII. I emend t o X IIII. I tin. B urd. : X III, o m . MS P.

6 :

I uliopolis-Ancyra: ' tin.

e mendations t o T ab.

B urd.

4 0

P eut.,

I tin.

A nt.,

( 6) ( 7)

T he S copius w as a r iver i n B ithynia T he r iver H ierus G alatia

( Pliny N H V .43.149).

f ormed t he f rontier b etween B ithynia a nd

( Pliny N H V .43.149).

( 8)

T he S iberis w as a r iver i n G alatia

( 9)

A r iver S iberis i s m entioned i n V ita S . T heodori ( Vita S . T heod. 1 .36.1, 4 5.15, 4 8.11, 1 21.28); i t r an n ear t he f ields o f S ykeon " in t he v icinity o f

( 10)

T heodorus ) ,

( date ? c .

t he m onastery".

p resumably i n G alatia

A D 5 50),

( Vita S .

A nastasioupolis w as a t own i n t he r g ) ( 1 )Tn i n G alatia ( Vita S . T heod. 1 .3.3-4).

Anastasioupolis w as 1 2 m iles ( Vita S .

2 .

T heod.

T heod.

1 .4.13-14

5 8.1-6).

( 12) Anastasioupolis w as t he s eat o f a b ishop ( 13)

X .1xxvii.2).

L agania ( Concilium C halcedonicum, A D 4 51 E ixpp c iaLog r t . Aaya\d ag: H onigmann 1 943-3, 5 4 n o. 1 82) w as t he s eat o f a b ishop ( Vita S . T heod. 1 .3.2-3, ? c . A D 5 50, t he a pproximate d ate f or t he b irth o f

( 11)

( Pliny E pist.

( MP i .e.

r tapx i :a

( Vita

d a cb

S .

o f A ncyra

T heod.

c rni lE n )v)

1 .4.13).

f rom S ykeon

1 .3.3-4).

I tineraria

S ee f ig.

6 a nd t ables 4 -6

a nd 1 3.

M ODERN D ATA 1 .

M easured D istances

A ll m odern d istances h ave b een m easured a long t he n ewly d iscovered c ourse o f t he R oman r oad b y L and R over s peedometer-trip ( in t enths o f a k ilometre), b y m ap-measurer ( wheel-type) o r b oth. I n a ll c ases, t he b ase m ap h as b een t he s tandard T urkish 1 :200,000 m ap,

i tself a

l atinized v ersion a nd r evision o f a n O ttoman 1 :200,000 m ap p rinted c . 1 900-1910. 2 . ( a)

F rom m ilestones S arilar b ridge - m ilestone g ayirhan 1 o n N icomedia r oad: c .

( b)

1 3.50 km ,

i .e.

9 M P.

S arilar b ridge - m ilestone g ayirhan 2 ( V M P f rom I uliopolis) o n N icomedia r oad:

( c)

7 .20 k m,

i .e.

5 M P.

S arilar b ridge - m ilestone g ayirhan 3 ( VIII M P f rom I uliopolis) o n A ncyra r oad:

3 .

c .

c .

1 2.40 km ,

i .e.

8 M P.

V arious

( a)

Ankara - N allihan c .

1 50 k m = c .

( b)

Ankara - S arilar b ridge:

c . 4 1

1 01 M P

1 19 km = c .

8 0

M P

( c)

A nkara - c entre o f D ikmen H üyük:

( d)

S arilar b ridge - c entre o f D ikmen H üyük:

( e)

S arilar b ridge - S b ank o f G irmir g ay:

( f)

M ilestone g ayirhan 3 ( 8 M P f rom I uliopolis) g ay:

( g)

c .

c .

8 3 k m = c . c . c .

5 6 M P

3 6 k m = c .

1 7 k m = c .

2 4 M P

1 1.5 M P

- S b ank o f G irmir

4 .70 k m = 3M P.

S b ank o f G irmir g ay - c entre o f D ikmen H üyük: 1 3 N P.

c .

1 9 km = c .

P ROPOSED L OCATIONS A ND I DENTIFICATIONS S ince A nderson w rote o n I uliopolis i n B ithynia a nd L agania i n G alatia, v ery l ittle, i f a ny ,epigraphic e vidence, r elating t o t he l ocation o f t hese s ites, h ad c ome t o l ight. T he t hree u nrecorded m ilestones w hich h ave n ow b een r ecovered i n t he r egion o f g ayirhan b uca i ( Nallihan i4esi, A nkara i ll) a nd w hich n ame I uliopolis p rovide a s ubstantial a lternative t o e arlier s uggestions w hich r ested l argely o n t he r esults o f L ejean's ( 1869) a nd A nderson's ( 1890 a nd 1 898) w ork a nd o n t he v iews o f R amsay ( 1890, 2 41). T heir f indings w ere a ccepted f aute d e m ieux ( Kiepert K arte v on K leinasien 1 914, B I II A ngora; R uge P W X .1.102). T hus I uliopolis w as l ocated a t a s ite n ear E mremsultan, S o f N allihan; t he s mall m ound c alled E ski ehir b eside S arilar b ridge w as i dentified a s S ykeon a nd t he b ridge a t S arilar

( c.

5 .5km E SE o f

t he n ow d rowned s ite o f g ayirhan

v illage) s t he S ykeon b ridge; L agania was p laced a t a s ite n amed M altepe * Iu o n t he G irmir g ay, c . 8 .5 k m S o f B eypazari. T here w as, h owever, n o d irect e pigraphic e vidence a vailable t o R amsay n or h ad a ny b een d iscovered b y Anderson ( or o thers). M y s uggestions a re a s f ollows: 1 . I uliopolis s ite c alled E skt 5ehir

:t o b e l ocated a t o r n ear t he ( previously t hought t o b e S ykeon ) o n t he l eft

o r e ast b ank o f t he A ladag g ay, b eside o r n ear t he S arilar b ridge: o n t he b asis o f t he m ilestone e vidence.

T he d istance o f t he I tin.

B urd. f rom A ncyra t o I uliopolis a grees with t he m easured d istance f rom A nkara t o S arilar b ridge a nd P rocopius' d escription o f I uliopolis s uits DI ÖT EDÄ t ,g c inueCoxv)

t he s ituation a t S arilar b ridge.

- " IonoXL -u C t iv r c 6Ä t . .g : T heodorus r an 1 5 M P f rom n ear S ykeon ( ? f rom t he m artyrion o f S t.

( d tu s ? ) G eorge)

t o

I opolis - ' Id -R oXLg ( Vita S . T heod. 1 .13.19-20). I f t he p oint w here h e s tarted w as i ndeed a bove t he v illage o f S ykeon ( Vita S . T heod. 1 .12.1-2,

8 .18),

t hen 1 5 M P w ould b ring h im t o a bout t he S arilar

b ridge, i .e. t o I uliopolis. I opolis w ould t hen b e a nother f orm o f t he n ame— r - l ouÄLöncaLg. T he n ames ' HÄL0 1 5noXi ( and H A . o ü r r .o A , g * 1 2 ); E XL g 3 a nd IX 6-r t oX t , 4 114 m ay p erhaps a ll b e a dditional v ariants o f t he f orm ' IouÄLen toX t ,G b ut t here i s n o s ecure e vidence. b ishop; b ridge,

B oth p laces a re k nown t o h ave b een t he s eat o f a

a re, t hen, t he b ishops, b ishops o f I uliopolis?

r ecorded b y A nderson 4 15

4 2

a t S arilar

2 .

L agania:

t o b e a t

t he m odern D ikmen H üvük :

o n t he b asis o f

t he a greement b etween t he d istances: ( a)

m easured

( from S arilar b ridge t o D ikmen H üyük)

( b)

g iven i n t he I tin.

B urd.

a nd I tin.

A nt.

a nd

( from I uliopolis

t o

L agania). L agania/Anastasioupolis: i f t he c orrelation o f t hese t wo p lacen ames i s c orrect * /6 , t he c hange o f n ame m ust h ave t aken p lace b etween A D 4 51 ( Conc. C halc.) a nd c . A D 5 50 ( the a pproximate d ate f or t he b irth o f S t. T heodorus) a nd, t herefore, c orrectly a ttributed t o A nastasius I w ho r eigned f rom A D 4 91-518. R uge, P W X II-1,454, a ssigns L agania t o B ithynia, b y a llowing t hat L atan(e)ia AuTo l iN(E) ua, " a c ity o f B ithynia" ( Ptol. V .I.14), s hould r ead L agania

Aayd .v(c)

LO .

s ic.

H onigmann

( 1942-3,

5 4 n o.

1 82)

g ives

t he f orm Aayavi , a, g enitive A c t .yavCag. R uge t hus f ollows R amsay ( 1890, 6 5 n . a nd 7 0) w ho s uggested t hat P latanea o r P latana ( Anon. R ay. 1 09.5) = AaTc ivELa ( Ptol. V .1.14) a nd t hat b oth = L agania. R uge ( loc. c it.) a lso q uotes S teph. B yz. s . Adyt -va ( Aay LvELa .) ; i n t he M eineke e dition ( 1849, 4 05) t he e ntry r eads, " AdyLva; noÄ t :xv ov Kap C ag t C Y -C L , Aa .y C VEL a BL euv a , " (MS R Aa .y L \da) . R obert ( 1937, 5 55-557 a nd 1 962, 3 60) s ummarises t he p roblem o f t he e thnic a nd t oponymic f orms o f L agina-Stratonicea, L agina n ear I lgin, L againa n ear K ütahya a nd L agania/Anastatioupolis. I n t he I tin. B urd. t he b oundary b etween G alatia a nd B ithynia l ay b etween D adastana a nd C eratae i .e. W o f I uliopolis. O n t he T ab. P eut. o ccurs t he e ntry ' Fines C ilicie X XVIII', p erhaps m istakenly 7 -f ines G alatiae',

t hus r eferring t o a b oundary o n t he S iberis.

L agania i s n ot l isted a t t he C ouncil o f N icaea, e ither f or G alatia o r f or B ithynia, i n H onigmann ( 1939, 1 7-48). T he n ame i s t hought t o b e f ound i n H ier. S ynek. 6 96.9, c Pcyc tvaya Ma . ' PEN (c :A ) AayavCa ., u nder G alatia. T his v iew i s a dopted b y R uge, P W X II-I, 4 54. F or t he o mission o f a ll c ities n amed A nastasioupolis ( with o ne e xception) i n H ierocles, s ee H onigmann ( Hier. S ynek. 5 -6). L agania: f or t he r eading A c tyaAr tLyn n ot i n V ita S . T heod. I I, 2 42 n ote o n 1 16.1. 3 .

R iver S kopas:

( a)

t he r iver S copius o f P liny,

( b)

t he S kopas o f V ita S .

( c)

t he S kopas o n t he c oins o f I uliopolis,

Aa .yavcivr i, s ee F estugi n-e

t o b e c orrelated w ith

T heodori a nd

a nd t o b e i dentified w ith t he m odern A ladag g ay o ver w hich t he S arilar b ridge was b uilt.

4 3

4 .

R iver S iberis:

t o b e i dentified w ith t he m odern G irmir g ay o n

t he b asis o f t he a greement b etween ( a)

t he m easured d istance

( b)

t he f igure g iven i n P rocopius

( from

S arilar b ridge t o t he G irmir g ay)

a nd

f or t he d istance f rom I uliopolis

t o t he S iberis n ear S ykeae. T he b ridge a t S ykeon:

i f t he s ite a t S arilar b ridge i s a ccepted a s

I uliopolis a nd i f P rocopius' a ccount i s a ccurate, t he b ridge o f J ustinian a t S ykeon i s t o b e s ought o n t he G irmir g ay. A p erfunctory s earch b y m e f ound n othing. 5 . R iver H ierus a nd t he b oundary b etween G alatia a nd B ithynia, a s s tated b y P liny: t o b e c orrelated w ith t he S iberis/Girmir g ay o n t he f ollowing g rounds. I f i t i s a ccepted t hat ( a)

I uliopolis w hich w as a f rontier t own o f B ithynia i s s ituated

a t S arilar b ridge o n t he A lada

g ay

a nd t hat ( b)

t here i s n o o ther r iver a long t he c ourse o f t he R oman r oad

b etween S arilar b ridge

( Iuliopolis)

a nd t he G irmir g ay

i t m ust f ollow l ogically t hat t he H ierus c annot b e o ther t han t he G irmir g ay, o therwise i dentified w ith t he S iberis, a r iver i n G alatia,

n ear S ykeae.

6 . Anastasioupolis: t he a greement b etween

t o b e l ocated a t D ikmen H üyük o n t he b asis o f

( a) t he m easured d istance f rom t he s outh b ank o f D ikmen H üyük a nd

t he G irmir g ay t o

( b) t he d istance g iven i n V ita S . T heodori ( from S ykeon t o A nastasioupolis), a nd, t herefore, t o b e c orrelated w ith L agania ( contrast v iews i n n . 1 6). 7 . S ykeon - S ykeae ( so P rocopius): i n t he v alley b elow T ahir v illage)

t o b e l ocated s omewhere

( f _11:_

( a)

n ear t he s outh b ank o f t he G irmir g ay,

( b)

f acing t he v alley i n w hich m ilestone g ayirhan 3 i s s ituated a nd

( c)

c .

4 M P f rom t hat m ilestone

( VIII M P a I uliopoli).

8 . H icronpotamon m utatio: t o b e l ocated n ear t he s outh b ank o f t he G irmir g ay ( ? 1 m p e astwards f rom S ykeon i .e. 1 3 M P e astwards f rom I uliopolis). I s H icronpotamon t he s ame a s H ieros f lumen V III.2,1589)?

I f t he c orrelation,

( as R uge,

H icron = H ieros,

w ould b e a dditional e vidence t hat t he G irmir g ay i s

P W I X.1,34 a nd i s c orrect,

t here

t he S iberis a nd

t he H ierus, s ince H ieronpotamon m utatio m ust l ie s omewhere n ear ( at l east) t he r iver f rom w hich i t t ook i ts n ame. T he o nly r iver n ear 4 4

H icronpotamon m utatio G irmir, 9 .

( 13 M P f rom I uliopolis)

i s,

o f c ourse,

t he

o therwise i dentified w ith t he S iberis.

V algatia - B cayaTCa .

( Ms r aM 3a . -E t ;c t . ) : t he T abula P eutingeriana

a nd t he V ita S . T heodori a re h ere a t v ariance. T he d istance, 1 2 M P g iven o n t he T ab. P eut. f or I uliopolis - V alcaton d oes n ot a gree w ith t hat o f t he V ita S . T heodori f or S ykeon - V algatia v iz. 6 M P ( an .C . a nueCc . ov) ( Vita S . T heod. 1 .4.2). T he p resence o f V alcaton o n t he T ab. P eut. s hould(?) i ndicate a p osition o n o r n ear t he m ain r oad a nd t he w ords d u l6 a rn ici .wv o f t he V ita S . T heodori c ould(?) i mply t he s ame. T he p osition f or V algatia/Valcaton, t herefore, i s t o b e s ought e ither o n t he s ough b ank o f t he G irmir c ay ( i.e. 1 2 M P f rom I uliopolis) o r i n t he n eighbourhood o f T acettin ( i.e. 6 M P f rom S ykeon). I i I9 ither c ase, i t i s n ecessary t o r eplace o lder s uggestions f or t he p osition o f V algatia/Valcaton v iz, a s mall h üyük c .

8 km W o f S arilar.

C ARACALLA 'S R OUTE T O T HE E AST,

A D 2 15

C aracalla's t ribunicia p otestas X VIIII r an f rom 1 0 D ec. 2 15 t o 9 D ec. 2 16 A D. T he g ayirhan m ilestones, d ated t hus t o A D 2 15/216, d o n ot g ive e vidence f or a v isit o f C aracalla t o I uliopolis i n s pring, A D 2 15, o n h is w ay t o S yria. O ther e pigraphic e vidence ( IGRR I II. 6 0 a nd 6 2 f rom K uneralp, f ormerly Ü sküb, t he a ncient P rusias a d H ypium ) i s u sually t aken t o i ndicate t hat C aracalla " like h is f ather" a nd E lagabalus t ravelled t hrough P rusias a d H ypium ( ? a nd C laudiopolis) o n t heir way t o A ncyra ( Magie 1 950, 6 85 a nd n . 4 3; R obert 1 967, 5 7 n . 8 ; s ee a lso L evick 1 967,

3 3).

T he e vidence

i s— P erhaps a mbiguous.

T he

i nscriptions w ere s et u p i n h onour o f t wo d istinguished c itizens i n t heir o wn h ome t own, a nd w ere c learly e rected a fter t he e vent. T he i nscription,

I GRR I II.

6 0,

n eed n ot n ecessarily b e

t aken a s e vidence

f or t he p assage o f C aracalla t hrough N orth B ithynia i .e. P rusias a nd C laudiopolis; t he m en " conducted/escorted ( r capa r ti .a 1 )avia , ) M . A urelius A ntoninus a nd t he D ivine L . S eptimius S everus a nd t heir .. a rmies .. t o t he E ast" ( sc. t hrough B ithynia). Iw ould s uggest t hat S everus a nd C aracalla a nd t heir a rmies m ay h ave t ravelled a long t he m ajor r oadway t o A ncyra, t hrough I uliopolis, n ot t hrough P rusias a nd C laudiopolis b y am inor r oad w hich n ear G erede i s w ide. R .P.

H arper

( 1970,

1 51)

c ertainly n ot m ore t han 2 .5 m .

s uggested t hat r oad w orks a nd r epairs a long

t he r oute t o t he E ast w ere o rdered b y C aracalla t o f acilitate a c ontinuation o f t he P arthian c ampaign p lanned f or t he y ear A D 2 17; i n t his c ontext i t m ay p erhaps b e w orthwhile t o r ecall o ther m iles tones o f C aracalla o n t he r oad t o t he E ast, e .g. C IL 1 11.712 ( AD 2 17) f rom O chrid ( Macedonia) o n t he V ia E gnatia.

T HE N EOCORATE

S TATUS O F I ULIOPOLIS

O n t he b asis o f a s ingle o f

v e c In 4opog

c oin

* 18

, it h as b een s uggested t hat

w as b estowed o n I uliopolis,

f or t he

t he

t itle

f irst t ime, b y

C aracalla ( Robert 1 967, 5 7). R ecent e xamination * /9 , h owever, h as s hown t hat t he c oin h as b een t ampered w ith; t he n ame IOYAI0 1 10AEITON h as b een r endered f rom a n o riginal IEPA I IOAEITON. T he t op r ight c orner o f t he e psilon o f 1 EPA- i s v isible b eneath t he f irst omicron o f

IOYAIO—.

T he c oin i s,

t hus,

4 5

t o b e r eferred t o t he n eocorate

s eries o f H ierapolis. A ttention h as a lready b een d rawn t o t his p ossibility b y K raft ( 1972, 2 13). T he W aldeck c oin, t hen, c annot b e u sed a s e vidence f or t he g ift o f n eocorate s tatus t o I uliopolis b y C aracalla o n t he o ccasion o f a n a ssumed p assage i n A D 2 15. D r. P rice s uggests t o m e t hat i n a ny c ase t he E mperor n amed a nd p ortrayed o n t he W aldeck c oin i s E lagabalus,

n ot C aracalla.

R ELIABILITY O F P ROCOPIUS S ome d iscussion i s r equired o n t he s ubject o f P rocopius' a ccount o f J ustinian's B ridge o ver t he S iberis, n ear t o a p lace c alled S ykeae. T here i s a b ridge, t he S arilar K öprü, o ver t he A ladap . v ay a t a s ite c alled E skieehir. I t h as b een a ccepted t hat t his b ridge i s J ustinian's, a nd t hat t he s ite i s S ykeae. O n t he G irmir g ay, w hich c an n ow b e i dentified a s t he a ncient S iberis, t here i s n o b ridge t o b e s een. F urthermore, t he s ite a t t he S arilar K öprü i s n ot S ykeae; I b elieve i t t o b e I uliopolis. C an w e c onsider t he p ossibility o f a n e rror i n P rocopius, p erhaps a c onfusion b etween S ykeae a nd I uliopolis? W ere t here t wo b ridges, o ne o n t he S kopas t o t he p resent), t he o ther o n t he S iberis l onger e xtant)?

( unmentioned b ut s urviving ( described b ut n ow n o

I n t his c ontext o ne m ay r ecall t he s tatement ( Procopius D e A edificiis V .iii.4-6), t hat J ustinian b uilt a b ridge w est o f N icaea. N o b ridge s urvives t o t he w est o f I znik. T he b ridge w hich s urvives a t T aeköprü e ast o f I znik ( over t he G Oksu) i s n ot m entioned i n a ncient s ources. I s t here h ere s econd c onfusion i n P rocopius?

4 6

FOOTNOTES *1

Magie 1 950, 1 976,

*2

*

e sp.

I ,

5 71;

Ramsay 1 980,

4

T he spelling o n

6

French 1 980,

I n I tineraria Romana.

3

*5

Luttwak 1 976,

1 35 ff;

1 97;

( ed.

Cuntz,

B ibliography i n B ittel

1 934,

5 3;

a nd p l.

c .

L anglois

( 1898,

2 38):

non

1 32 no.

p l. II;

1 908,

2 80 a nd

*7

9

p l.XI F ig.

I GRR IV, n .

*8

1 34.

4 81)

Ramsay 1 898,

p 1.XII F igs.

( formerly

2 36;

1 907,

see Ramsay 1 908,

s ee n .

1 36 no.

I n

7 .

3 49;

references in Magie 1 950,

8 A References i n Foss

II,

1470

t he 2 nd c entury AD:

1 977.

P liny Epist.

X .1xx.2;

P liny NH V .x1.143,

149 and Ptolemy V .1.14.

of N icaea

Iuliopolis i s

. S ynek.

( AD 3 25)

4 7 no.

1 11.

In

t he Itin.

t he e ntry

a n incorrect r eading of t hus,

( Pliny)

reflect

a nd 3 25

I have been H ier.

Burd.

Synek.

' Fines C iliciae

' Fines Galatiae',

c1 1 XL 01 5r [OA .L C;

A .515

V .iv.5 MS A

1 20.7

Chalc.

x xvIII '

t he result of

a v ersion which

t o refind and relocate t his s ite.

6 97.2

4

G alen

HA .L

( ed.

K t ihn)

g

Procopius

41 1 A .L . OuT tÖÄ .Ccog;

ci n .i 0int0Ä .l .g

HA . Lour co)o . -E C :A )

)H A .

( ? d ate:

( Council of N icaea).

u nable

De Aedificiis

Conc.

5 74,

t he boundary-change between AD 125

r I p' L Tpogx 1ö v Emvc ilic c og T heodori

t he Council

g iven u nder Galatia:

Iuliopolis i s w ithin G alatia and so a lso in H ier.

O n t he T ab . Peut.

would,

see a lso At

between V alcaton and L agania may perhaps be

*12

2 80

6 .

c . AD 3 23)

*1 1

9 4-95 and

1 7.

Honigmann 1 939,

*10

3 65

q uoted by Ramsay

1 8 a nd 1 9. For a d escription

a nd a photograph of t he Roman road: a nd

3 4-35.

s ee L anglois 1861,

( RA 1 857,

v idi;

( 1929).

p w ( IVA.2.2462 Ruge).

1 3 km N of T arsus:

XXI 1 7 ;

Dabrowa

H ild 1 977,

For t he R oman r oad a nd arch near . 5 , 411k11 B ayramli),

2 9;

C .). L eipzig

Anderson 1 899,

t he CMAM a nd i n

6 7 a nd n .

7 09 a nd m ap 4 .

VI.

V ita S .

and 3 4.1,

7 9.25,

103.1

Honigmann 1 942-3,

5 4 no.

1 78 MS B

r tOXL .

AD 4 51:

t .our t6XEcog

*13

M iltner 1 936,

*14

Ruge PW X .1.102 S .

*15

Anderson 1 899,

9 6-97 no.

VIII.

Iuliopolis quotes Not.

6 8-69 nos.

4 7

17 and 1 8.

Ep.

X .201.

*16

For r eservations, for comments,

*17

3 60.

L agania and

For e arlier suggestions

t he position of Anastasioupolis, s ee Ruge PW suppl.

S .

Anastasioupolis

Anderson M inor

;

( 1963,

( 1899, ;

2 ,

7 1);

quoting Perrot e t a l. K iepert,

1 862,

1 .77,

2 78.

( 1914)

C lassical Map of Asia

see a lso c omments on V algatia/Valcaton by Robert

1 53). Eckhel,

Doctrina Nummorum V eterum

II,

1 908,

B lumer 1 923, I ,

I ,

K arte v on K leinasien

C alder and Bean,

Originally from t he W aldeck collection; et a l.,

*19

PW XII.1.454 s .

on

B III Angora

*18

see Ruge,

see Robert 1 962,

1 .2,

3 88 no.

2 61 no.

Schulman N .Y.

2 20;

S ale 6 -11

( Vienna 2 5;

4 8

Head 1 911,

4 22; 5 16;

J . W addington Imhoof-

Holzer H ., Mabbott Collection June 1 969, no.

I here owe a considerable d ebt much help a nd a ssistance.

1 794)

t o Dr.

1 120.

Martin Price f or

A PPENDIX

M ILESTONES O N T HE P ILGRIM'S R OAD

4 9

I n

t his Appendix are presented such m ilestone

and u npublished, A ll

t he

as are known

t o me a t

t he

t exts,

both published

t ime of writing

t exts w ill be repeated i n CIL XVII M iliaria Fasc.

a nd w ill be accompanied by a f ull a nd d imensions,

d escription

( 31.vii.1980). 5 Asia M inor

g iving location,

by a t ext-commentary a nd when p ossible,

condition

by an i llust-

ration which w ill be based o n a drawing t aken f rom a squeeze.

Here,

t herefore,

bold

t he m ilestone

t exts are published in a preliminary,

and somewhat bare form.

1 .

GE B ZE

I stanbul M useum :

B F Imp' Caesar Divi

Gordiani

M Antonius 5

pius

nepos

Gordianus

f elix Aug.

pontifex maximus tribuniciae

potatis

consul. p. p. fortissimus 10

f licissimus

restituit A Nicomedia

ad

f ines.

XXXI AA Date:

A D 2 38-244

B ibliography:

2

W iegand 1 908, 1 52 n o. 7 D örner 1 941, 7 1 a nd p l. 2 6 n o. T AM I V.I. 1 0 n o. 1 4

SI RI N YA L IS I

f i

M i ls Aug

5

Div

b r erva

{ fi}

1 \ is er

Traianus

Germanicus

cus

Parthicus

mus

trib po est

VI

1a nd 2

I zmit M useum :

Imp Caesar vae

5 0,

optu

Daci

poritifx XX

imp

p p viaT vetusta C e

XI cor

rup a r p restituit A Niconi e

. 5 O

d i hxi coy

( sic)

3 906

[ dia i n p . ] A 6Toxpd -r wp K ataap e c 1 0

o ü 1 \ %poua l _ nbg g kp f l iag T pa t , a vog

" ApLaTo

r Ep l iavLxö

E 0a9 ü[g]

A ax t ,x ( ? )

[ f lapeLxög 6 px t ,cpcüg p lyLaTog] [ 8n l aapxLX-i f g 1 5

[ oxpdTwp

E ouaCag L y'

TÖ

TÖ

ü natog

x ' TO

aüt] g '

nut h p]

[ naTpC8og x aTeweap l ilvr iv T IV ( 2 ) ( 5öv] r Unb x p ( 5vou c i noxaT aTnacv] [ "Anb N Lxoun6ECag] [ - - ] Date:

A D 1 15/116

B ibliography:

3 (A).

S ahin 1 974, 1 14 n o. T AM I V.I 9 n o. 1 2

6 1

I Z M IT 1

I stanbul M useum : 4 922

B F Imp Caesar P ius

L Septimius

P ertinax Au{g}g Arabicus

Adiabenicus 5

10

maximus

Parthicus

tribuniciae

V I

imperator

et

Imp Caes

XI

cos

tribuniciae

1 et

p ppl

P S eptimius

r estituerunt

per

I I

p p proconsul

I r Getal

Q T ineum

l eg Augg pr pr

S ahin 1 974, 2 6 n o. 2 S ahin 1 975, 4 7 T AM I V.I. 1 0 n o. 1 3

5 1

potestatis

potestatis

A l ) 1 98

B ibliography:

pontifex

M Aurelius Antoninus

Aug

Sacerdotem

Date:

S everus

( B),

I ZMIT

2

I stanbul M useum :

B F Imp.Caes. M ' Aurelius - - - Date:

4 .

R ESIT

BE Y C I FTL IK Imp Divi

[ Caesar] Ne[rvae

[ Traianus

optumus Aug]

[ Germanicus 5

f Nerva]

[ Parthicus [ imp XIII

Dacicus] pont max

c os

t r

p XX]

VI]

p p viam vetustate yo ruptam r estituit A N icome.I. 1 0

A f toxpäTwp KaUcap ( ) cot ' ) 1 \ i poua TpaLavog

" ApL[c yrog

r cpuavax g äpxLEpe[ug] 1 5

[ u óc 1 \ l pova]

é OUGCag

. e , [ axL]e[6g] 1 . 1 1yLoToc

T O x '

ü naTog TO x cc re cpeap l i

E cßc ouT6g] I lap[ eLx8s]

8 7-7 4apxLxIc

a ütoxpd u c c op 1 9 L y'

nair ib naTpC8og T r iV 680V

ü r to x pe )you ä noxatgaf l ic rey 'A[ [ T c[o N t .xol im 5eC]lag A • Date:

A D 1 15/116

B ibliography:

5 ahin 1 974, 9 4 n o. 5 0 R obert J . a nd L . B ull. T AM I V.I. 9 n o. 1 1

5 2

1 974.576

4 923

5 .

KA RAD iN

I znik M useum :

B F [ Im] p

C G Aur Val

[ Dioc]letianus [ p 5

f l inv Aug

[ Imp

C ]

et

M Aur

Val

[ Maximia]nus - - - Date:

? A D

2 86-293 o r 2 93-305

B ibliography:

6 .

5 ahin 1 979,

1 5a n o.

2 2

OS MANEL i ---p e

pro

eA {b} e

e

cos

e

Nicaea

e

XVII I Z Date:

7 .

?

PA 5ALAR Not B ibliography:

8 (A ).

found.

v on D iest 1 898,

1 8

ME D ETL i 1 ( i )

B F Imp

C C Aur

Val

Diocletianus et 5

Imp C M Aur Val

Maximianus et

p f inv Aug

Fl

Gal nobb

Val

p f inv Aug Constantius

Val Maximianus Caesares

A Nicaea mil

5 3

XXV

et

1 0

' Anö NELxaCa ( vac) KE

Date:

A D 2 93-305 H i n o

( ii)

T W l OG Ta uzy-

c i px(o0vTog)

a A .onp(Encandiou) Mapxg Uou Date:

( B ) .

ME D ETL 1 3 Imperator Nervae

5

Caesar

f ilius

D ivi

Nerva

optumus

Augustus

Dacicus

Parthicus

ximus XI

Germanicus

trib potest

cos

VI

rumpatam

Traianus

pontifex ma XVIIII

p p viam vetustate ( sic)

restituit

A Nicaea [ mil Date:

9 .

passum - ]

A D 1 14/115

ME D ETL i 2 ( i)

B F Imp

Cae[s]s

[ Fl

Val?]

Constantino p f vic 5

et

semper Aug Fl

Iul

p f vic et

Fl

p f vic

Constantio

semper Aug

Iul

Constant

semper Aug

( vac) 10

imp

A Nicaea mil NcLxaCag ( vac) KE 5 4

XXV

cor

Date:

A D 3 37-340

B ibliography:

F rench 1 976,

5 3

Ho Ua T t' l

e rn

T01^5 ßa GC[ XE]

—

ag

Date:

1 0 (A ).

?

ü y ük 1 - - - [ A Nicaea] mil

XXVII

[ ' AT I C )

NELxaCag]

KZ Date:

( B )

?

hü l < 2 Imp

Caes

C Aur

Val

Diocletianus p f inv

[Mug

et

Imp C M Aur Val 5

Maximianus p f inv Aug Fl

Val

Constantius

et

Gal

Val

nobb 10

et

Maximianus

Caesares

A Nicaea mil ' Ar cb NELxaCag Kg

Date:

A D 2 93-305

XXVI

1 .

KA RAAüA

[ - ]KH Date:

1 2 (A ).

GÖ LPAZAR I

D IK E N LA GE OT Imperetor mius •

C aesar L S epti

S everus

•

P ius P erti

r 2ex Augustus Arabicus Adiabenicus 5

[ xi]u lus

P arthicus ma

[ pont]ifex maximus

tri

bunicia[e pote]stis V I [ tor]

XI

[ pr]99oe

1 0

inpera

( sic)

c o[nsul]II pater patriae et

I Tperator Caesar

[ M]

Aurelius Antoninus

Augus

tus

t ribuniciae p otestas

I I

et P S eptimus HGeta]lCaesar r estituerunt

[ per]

Quintum

T iri eium S acerdotem l eg Aug 9

u9 praetore A Niceae 1 5

( sic)

0

( sic)

XXXII AäTokodi c op K gaap A E cniCuLoc E co t Apog n o-e ß ;k I rdpri ,vaE E cßac ii6[g] [ f lape]uxöc i r gyLaToc 6 .pxLepeüG l i kyLaTog [ 8 7-1 ]1 . 1apxum e% l g EouaCag

2 0

Af toxpdtwp KaCaap M A pr iA .Loc

[ Tw]vtvog AC [you]cr uoG

( 1 3 )-(F )

ö ngap v

l

' Av

g E

[ ouc TC 4G [ 3 . / [ .]

[ Er u r t

3 ; i c i . -cf tr ur i[o-c t . v

K T LyeLou Eaxe

8 ( "koc

L ]

[ np]coßc w roF t kaLl [ E] OacTi ä

Date:

a 6>Toxpaiwp aC

[ ünov u]og 4 nar ri p naToC8og äveünc tiog [ xaIL

2 5

c '

C L VTLOOTpUT T IY JJ( Sic)

' Anö N L 4ag

A D 1 98

GÖ LPAZAR I - DI K ENL IG E I T No

i nscription v isible 5 6

oG [ 1 :« ( ; (1 K ara = a m

AII

( sic)

T i lh )

1 3 .

AK T A S- BE S EV LER

[ ?

- - F l

o p f v ic F l

I ul

t tl [ Date:

AD

( ii)

I ul

C onstanti]

s e ipper A [ ug]

Constanti

v ic

p f

s emper Aug

- ]

3 37-340 o r 3 40-350

Valentiniano e t

Valenti

pp

f f

s mper

Augg Date:

1 4 (A ) .

A D 3 64-367

GÖ L PAZAR I- ME Z ARL IK 1

A N [i]c[aea mil - -1 ( vac) " Anä Date:

( 1 3 ) .

?

GÖ L PAZAR I- ME Z ARL IK 2

'Ar tb

Date:

1 5 .

N [e uxaC]ag

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?

CI M ISK I No

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e t

1 6 .

DO Ü A NC ILAR BF Imp C C A 14. Val Diocletianus p f i nv Aug 5

et

Imp C M Aur Val Maximianus p f i nv Aug et

10 Date:

1 7 .

F l

Val

Constantius

et

Gal

Val

M [ax]imianus

nobb Caesares

A D 2 93-305

SA R IHA C ILAR [ Im]p Caess

F l

Val ( sic )

Constantino p f vic et 5

s emper Aug Fl

I ul

Constantio p f s emper Aug et F l

Iul

Constanti

p f

s emper Aug Date:

1 8 .

A D 3 37-340

G ö K 9Eözü No

1 9 .

inscription visible.

DU M A N ( i ) nobb Caes

Date:

?

5 8

( ii )

W r ap Caess

F l Val ( si _c )

Constantino p f v ic et 5

s emper Aug F l

I ul

Constantio p f vic et

s emper Aug F l

I ul

Constanti vic Date:

2 0 (A ),

( 3 ).

2 1 .

p f

s emper Aug

A D 3 37-340

NA R ZANLAR 1 No

i nscription

visible.

No

i nscription visible.

NA R ZANLAR 2

K A YABAU ( i)

Text not

( ii)

dd NN

l egible.

Valentiniano et Valenti pp 5

Date:

2(A ) ,

f f

s emper

Augg

A D 3 64-367

GA Y 1 B F Imperatori ri Marco

Caesa

Iulio

Philipp° pio

f elici

5

invicto Augusto pontifici maximo tribunici

pot

A Nicaea mil

LXIIII

EA Date:

A D 2 44-249

B ibliography:

( B ) .

F rench 1 976, 5 3 $ ahin 1 978, 5 5 a nd n .

6

G A Y 2 - - - pilus .

f elix . ..

Aug A Ni caea mili a LXIIII 5

' And N i .xataG EA

Date:

( C )(E ) .

?

GA Y 3 5 N o i nscription v isible.

2 3 (A ) .

HI M METOdLU 1 B F d N Fl

Cl

p f symper

Iuliano ( sic)

Aug Date:

A D 3 61-363

B ibliography:

F rench 1 976,

5 3

( 1 3).

H IMMETOdLU

2 BF Imp Caes. M Aurelius

( sic)

H Antoninusll 5

pius.fel Aug.(al

“ nv] MI(lia)

a Nic[aea] [ restituit] [ Date:

2 4(A),

1

A D 2 18-222

B ÖLÜCEKOVA 1 No

( B).

B ÖLÜCEKOVA

i nscription visible.

2 B [ F] Imp Caess

F l

Val ( sic )

Constantino p f vic O

5

O

O

et

s emper Aug F l

Iul

Constantio p f yic

s eTp9r Aug

e t• F l. I ul • • Constanti •. 10

Date:

( C).

s emper Aug

A D 3 37-1 40

B ÖLÜCEKOVA

( i )

vic

p f

3 Not

l egible.

( ii)

B F s c 1 4 NN Valentiniano et Valenti 5

pp

f f

s emper

[ Aug] Date:

2 5 .

A D 3 64-367

AH M ETBEYL ER ( i )

B [ F] [ -

- - D iocletianus

- - et Maximianus]

p f i nv Aug et F {e}l 5

et

Val

Gal

Constantius

Val

M [aximianus]

nobb Caesares ( vac) ' Anb N ELxaCaG E8 Date:

A D 2 93-305

B ibliography:

( ii)

F rench 1 976, 5 3 $ ahin 1 978, 5 5 a nd n .

[ D] Fl

N I oviano

victor p f s emper 5 Date:

A D 3 63-364

[ dd NN] Valentiniani Valenti

[ pp

et f f]

s emper Aug Date:

A D 3 64-367

6 2

4

2 6 .

SU B AU ( F ORM . ( j VE ) No

2 7 .

A nkara M useum :

3 6.

A nkara M useum :

above

p .

3 7.

CA Y IRHA N 3

A nkara M useum :

S ee

3 0 .

above p .

CA Y IRHAN 2 S ee

2 9 ,

v isible.

CA Y IRHAN 1 S ee

2 8 .

i nscription

above p .

3 7.

BA Y RAM ( i )

[ Imp Caes

C Aur Val]

[ Diocletiano]

f inv

Aug et]

[ Imp Caes 5

Gal

Val]

Maximian9 p f inv Aug.et

F l

Constantio

et

Gal

Val

Maximian[o] 10

Date:

[ nobil

Caess]

A D 2 93-305

B ibliography:

C IL I II. S uppl. 2 . 1 4184 A nderson 1 899, 6 3 n o. 1 0 M acpherson 1 954, 1 13-114 n o. 2 t 1 958, 1 62 n o. 2 08 B osch 1 967, 3 64-367 n o. 3 01

B F Imperr

[ -

--

6 3

Date:

3 1 (A ) ,

?

M aximinus, C onstantinus a nd L icinius A D 3 11-313

I L Y4UT 1 ( 1 )

Date:

X I

m

Date:

( B

I L YAUT 2 ( i )

[ B ] i b p zd e Cae .•.• e c

f [ sari

gu lio Vero] ] .... 5

1 [ Maximinol

4 1 -9 Date:

( ii)

9 1-4 -9 11

A D 2 35-238

[ Imp Caes. G Aur. Vale.1

N .ey .P . £99 . l e t .imp . e 9e . 9 el . e .v 949 . 1 1 [ Dioclel it 4er n' V

H m ax im ia ]e9

Date:

A D 2 93-305 6 4

N -eY sP . £99 .1

- - et

Cons[t]a

tino Date:

?

? Constantinian

( i v)

3 2 .

C O äLU

3 (A ) .

( 1 3 ).

3 4 ,

Augg

No

inscription

visible.

No

inscription

visible.

No

inscription

visible.

S u suz 1

S u suz 2

ER K EK SU CI F T LI K B F { Imp.

Caes.

- }

5

Imp

Caes

Val

Diocletiano

inv Aug M Aur

C Aur

et

Val

Imp

10

et

G Val

f ]

Caes

Maximiano

p f inv Aug Fla Val

[ p

et

Constanti[o] Maximiano

nobil{l}issimis Caesaribus [ ?mil] [ XVII]

6 5

Date:

A D 2 93-305

B ibliography:

3 5 (A ),

C IL I II. S uppl. 2 . 1 4184 6 2, A nderson 1 899, 6 0 n o. 8 B osch 1 967, 3 64-367 n o. 3 00

ER Y AMAN 1 Imp

Caesari

vi

Traiani

f il

5

Divi

Di Parthici

Nervae

ti

Traiano

VI

cos

nepo

Hadrino po[nt]

' [ilI

per A Larci

um Macdonem

leg Aug

pr pr mi[--] M [--] Date:

A D 1 22/123

B ibliography:

( 1 3 ) .

6 3

C IL I II. S uppl. 2 . 1 4184 A nderson 1 899, 5 9 n o. 5 A E 1 899.183 B osch 1 967, 1 48-153 n o. 1 23

ER Y AMAN

eF Imp Caes P Licinn Valeriano 5

p f Aug et

Imp

Caes

P Licinn Gallieno p f Aug

D ate;

A D 2 53-260

B ibliography:

M acpherson 1 954,

1 13 n o.

1

1 958,

1 62 n o.

2 07

6 6

m [ a]x tr

pot

3 6 .

A nkara M useum :

E TiMESGUT

( i )

B F

e Caes

Imp

[ aril

G

e Iulio

[ V ero Maximi 5

no

pio

f elici

e trib e p

Aug p p

( vac) m p ( vac) VIII 10 Date:

A D 2 35-238

( ii)

Imp

Caes. G. Aur. Val

Diocletiano p f .inv. Aug.et

Imp

Maximiano 5

Fla Val. Constantio

et

Gal. Val. Maximiano nobi Caesaribus

A D 2 93-305

B ibliography:

3 7 .

p f .inv- Aug

et

l issimis Date:

Caes. M Aur. Val

M acpherson 1 958,

1 66 n o.

2 15

YU V A Imp. Caes. C- Aur. Valer

( i)

Diocleti[a]no. p

f .inv .

Aug.et.Imp- Caes [ Gal]. Val. M[aximliano. p 5

Date:

inv • [ Aug] [ -

- 1

[ -

- ]

A D 2 93-305

6 7

et

n

[ -

]

f

( ii)

[ -

- ]

I uli[o]

and ( iii)

Constantino p f victori

[ -

- ]

Constantio 5

Constanti ( vac) Val [ -

Date:

3 8 .

et

Caes

( vac)

Constantino p - ]

Val

Lic

?

MA C UN Imp Caesari Divi

Traiani f Divi

r i epoti 5

Par Nelvae

Traiano

Hadri

ano Aug por it max tr pot VI

cos

I II

per A . Larcium Ma c9dor iem

l eg Aug

pr pr 10

( vac) m VII ( vac)

D ate:

A D 1 22/123

B ibliography:

3 9 (A ) ,

M acpherson 1 954, 1 958,

1 14 n o. 1 79 n o.

A N KARA 1 Imp Caes [ Lic

Valeriano]

[ Aug] et

Imp

[ Caes

6 8

Licin]

3a nd p l. X n o. 2 49

1

5

Date:

A D 2 53-260

B ibliography:

( B )

Gallieno

C IL 1 11.1.246 L e B as a nd W addington 1 870, B osch 1 967, 3 45 n o. 2 81

AN K A RA 2

1 787

A nkara M useum :

Imp

Caesar

Divi

Vespasiani

Domitianusil

Aug pot. max

trib. potest.cos. VIII A . Caesennium Gallum 5

I I, n o.

pro. pr. vias Galatiae Ponti

desig. VIII

p p . per

l eg

provinciarum

Cappadociae

Pisidiae

Paphlagoniae

Lycaoniae Armeniae

Minor

stravit 10 Date:

A D 8 2

B ibliography:

( C ) .

H VIII

C IL 1 11.1.312 P errot e t a l. 1 862, 2 27 n o. L e B as a nd W addington 1 870, I LS 1 .268 M i lner 1 936, 2 0 n o. 1 8 B osch 1 967, 6 7-69 n o. 6 8

AN K ARA 3 Imp. Caes. Divi

Traia[ni

thici

[ f]. Divi

nepoti 5

Par] Nervae

Traiano

Hadrian° Aug pon[t max] tri[ b]

pot

VI

cos

per A . Larcium Ma cedonem

leg. Aug-

pr. pr.[ m p ] 10

VII[I]

H . 6 9

I II

1 11 I I, 4 25 n o.

1 784a

D ate:

A D 1 2 2 /1 2 3

B ibliography:

( D ) .

C IL 1 11.1.313 P errot e t a l. 1 862, 2 28 n o. 1 12 B osch 1 967, 1 48-153 n o. 1 20

AN K A RA 4 I mp[MC[C [-

- ] -

-

v ia[5 Date:

m X III

?

B ibliography:

( E ) .

]

C IL 1 11.1.315 J erphanion 1 928,

2 77 n o.

5 2

AN K ARA 5 [ Imp C aes

[ Val

C ]

D iocletiano]

[ inv Aug et

Imp Caes]

[ M Aur Val Maximiano] 5

[ p

f i nv Aug e t]

[ Fl Val Constantio] e t Gal V [al Maximiano] nobilissi[ mis

Caesaribus]

m VII Date:

A D 2 93-305

B ibliography:

( F ) .

J erphanion 1 928, 2 77 n o. 5 3 B osch 1 967, 3 65 n o. 3 02

AN K ARA 6 ( i)

A nkara M useum :

Not

l egible.

7 0

( ii)

[ D

N Fl

Val]

[ Constantino] maxim° [ ac 5

victori

t ]riumfatori

s er rper Aug

et

Constantino Constantio F l

Iul

nobb 10

Fl

et

Cl

Fl

et

Constant

Caess

m XXXIIII AA

Date:

A D 3 33-335

B ibliography:

( G ).

M iltner 1 936, 2 7 n o. 2 8 B osch 1 967, 3 64-467 n o. 3 03

AN K ARA 7

A nkara M useum :

Imp• Caesar• Divi Vespasiani. f

I DomitiaJ

Aug• pont• max• trib ?ot. p p • cos• VIII• desig• VIIII 5

imp•II.(vac)

per.

A •Caesennium• Gallum•cos XV• vir-s• f•leg• Aug. pro• pr vias

10

provinciarum• Galatiae

Cappa .

dociae•Ponti• Pisidiae

Paphlago

niae

Lycaoniae

Armeniae

Minoris. s travit•II. Date:

A D 8 2

B ibliography:

( H ) .

F rench e t a l.

1 973,

AN K ARA 8

f ig.

o n p .26

A nkara M useum :

B • F• Imp•Caes • Divi Seveni

I nemosl

7 1

D ivi Antonini. 5

M .AurI l AntoninusT

P ius

f el. Aug.tri pote s t-cos.procos. p .p.restituit 1 0

m p [ -

Date:

( I ) .

]

A D 2 18-222

AN K A RA 9 BF [ Imp]

Caes

D ivi Antonin[i]

[ fi]lio D ivi [ M 5

S even i n epoti

Antonino p io

f el

[ Au]g t rib potest c os [ pr]ocos p p domino [ in]dulgentissimo d ica [ ti]ssima numini

e ius

[ met]ropolis Ancyranorum 1 0

[ per]

L Egnatium V ictorem

Lollianum l eg e ius pr pr m p I II Date:

A D 2 18-222

B ibliography:

( J).

C IL 1 11.2.6058 I t I t . Suppl. 1 .6900 I LS 1 . 4 67 B osch, 1 967, 3 33-334 n o. 2 73

AN K A RA 1 0

A nkara M useum :

I mp Caesari D ivi c i

T raiani

f D ivi

T raiano

Par Ai

I \ %rvae n epoti

Hadriano

7 2

5

Aug p c.) r. f t max VI

c os

trib pot

I II • •• per • A Lar

c ium Macedonem l eg Aug pr pr m 1 111 1 0 Date:

A

A D 1 22/123

B ibliography:

M iltner 1 936, 2 1 n o. A E 1 937.91 B osch 1 967, 1 48 n o .

2 1 a nd f ig.

7

1 9

( K ) . AN K ARA 1

A nkara M useum :

[ Imp Caesari] [ Divi ci

Traiani

f D ivi

Traiano 5

Hadrian[o]

I II

pr

pot VI

per A Larcium

Maceeonem

( sic)

l eg Aug

pr mi

r

I II

( L)

I T ervae ep •. n • •

Aug por il max tr cos

Date:

Parthi]

A D 1 22/123

AN K ARA . 1 2

A nkara M useum :

IT[p C laesari Div i• T ra • • • iani c i

f il

poti 5

D ivi

Parthi Nervae ne

Traiano

Hadri

ano Aug pont max

tr pot

cos

I II

VI

per A Larci

um Macedonem l eg Aug pr pr ] ( vac)

7 3

Date:

( M ) .

A D 1 22/123

AN K ARA 1 3

A nkara M useum :

ee Imp.Caes. L.Septi mius us

S everus

Pi

P ertinax Aug

Arabicus Adiabenicus 5

Parthicus maximus potest ( vac) et

XVI

XI

trib

c os

I II

cos ( sic)* P'I D

Imp.Caes M Aurelius

toninus 10

imp. XII

f el

Pius Aug.fel

imp.II.cos

I f m iu s• [ Geta] • •. cos

An

trib potest

I II procos

i l et

P

se il

nobilissimus Caesar] ]

viam s tratam a novo

f e

cerunt per P Caecilium Urbicum Aemilianum l eg. Aug. g 1 5

pro. pr.cos. designatum mp. e VI

Date:

4 0 (A ) .

A D 2 08

CA N KAYA 1

A nkara M useum :

IMP.Caesar M ' Aurelius S everus Antoneinus 5

Aug. pius

( sic)

f e

l ix Parthicus Britannicus max. p. p.trib.

10

put' ( sic)

XV.cos•

1 111

f ieri

M P

viam

I II

7 4

i usit

D ate:

A D 2 12

B ibliography:

C IL 1 11.1.314 B ittel 1 932, 2 60 A E 1 932.49 M iltner 1 936, 1 9 n o. 1 5 B osch 1 967, 2 99-300 n o. 2 37

( B).

( ANKAYA

2 B F Imp

Caes. M

Aur

Seve[ ro]

Ale[ x] andro 0

5

felici Aug

0

0

0

[ piol

invicto

tribunic

potest cos

I I

I p p

mp 10 Date:

[ -

]

A D 2 23

B ibliography:

C IL 1 11.1.316 P errot e t a l. 1 862, B osch 1 967,

4 1 .

2 28 n o.

3 35-336 n o.

1 13

2 75

E MiRG6L

Date: B ibliography:

4 2(A),

O RENCiK

C IL I II. S uppl 2 . 1 4184 A nderson 1 899, 1 01 n o. 8 6

( FORM,

V iRANCIK)

. 1 _ XVI Date:

Ig

?

7 5

1

A nkara M useum :

B ibliography:

( B ) .

M acpherson 1 954, 1 14 n o. 4 1 958, 1 79 n o. 2 50

OR E N C IK 2

A nkara M useum :

B F I mp Caesar M Aur

S everus

Antoninus Aug 5

[ piu]s

f elix Parti

[ Brit]annicus max p p

.. 1 • 1 ?

[ co]s

pot XV

1 111

[ vi]am

[ fieri]

iussit 10

r IP

XVII

I Z Date:

( C ) .

A D 2 12

ÖR E N C 1K 3 No

4 3 (A ) .

i nscription visible.

MU L B EY ( F O RM , C A K AL ) 1 ( i )

A nkara M useum :

Imp.Caesar.Divi. Vespasia ni.f max

I Domitianus. 0 trib pot

[ p p c os]

IX.impe e or 5

I I

vias

per

[ s

f l ea Aug pro]

pr

p [rovinciaru]u t Galatiae

Cappadociae

Ponti.Pisidiae

Paphlagorgia]9

1 . 4 ycaoniae

Armen[i]ae •. Mino[ri]s.s[tr]avit mil

Date:

I IX des

A . Caesennium Gallum cos. XV yir

10

Aug. po A

X X • •

A D 8 2

7 6

( ii )

dd NN

F l

Valentiniano e

Fl

Valente

triumfatoris s emper Augg Date:

A D 3 64-367

B ibliography:

( B ).

C IL I II. S uppl. 2 . 1 4184 A nderson 1 899, 1 02-103 n o. A E 1 899. 1 85 M iltner 1 936, 1 9 n o. 1 6 A E 1 937. 9 0 B osch 1 967, 6 7-69 n o. 6 9

( MU L BEY 2 T r pv

( 4 [esari]

Divi

Traian[i

t ici nepoti 5

f Divi

P lar nervae

Traiano

Hadriano Aug porit max

tr pot

VI

cos

I II

per A Larcium

Macedor iem l eg Aug pr pr 10 Date:

A D 1 22/123

B ibliography:

( C ) .

XXV KE

C IL I II. S uppl. 2 . 1 4184 A nderson 1 899, 1 03 n o. 8 8 B osch 1 967, 1 48-153 n o. 1 26

OG U LBEY 3 B F { B. F.}

D N

Imp Caes

L Dom

Aureliano 5

p . f.invicto ( vac) Aug

7 7

8 7

( vac) V Date:

A D 2 70-275

B ibliography:

( I ))

C IL I II. S uppl. 2 . 1 4184 A nderson 1 899, 1 03 n o. 8 9 B osch 1 967, 3 58-359 n o. 2 95

MU L BEY 4

A nkara M useum :

Imp. Caes G Vibio 0A 1 10

Treb

Callo

f eu d mp

,

pio

Aug.e

I

Caes. G. A

f inio

Callo Vel

dumniano V olusiano Aug [ Date:

( E ) .

- ]

A D 2 51-253

MU L BEY 5 ( i )

Imp. Caes. C. Aur. Val Diocletiano. p [ A]1. 1 9. e. p pv. 5

Date:

[ Vial

f i nv e9[s. Gal]

[ Maximiano.p

f ]

p ost A D 2 85

( ii)

[ -

]

[ Constantino maxi] mo

victori

[ atori 5

Date:

[ F1

ac

triumf

s em]per Aug

Constantin]o et

[-

1

[ -

1

? AD 3 33-335

7 8

[ et] Fl

Consta

4 (A ).

AH I BOZ 1

A nkara M useum :

A

( sic)

Imp

F

Caes

P L icinnio Valeriano

5

p f Augusto et

I mp

C aes

P L icinnio Gallieno p f elici

Aug

( vac)

1 0 Date:

A D 2 53-260

B ibliography:

( B ) ,

M acpherson 1 954, 1 958,

1 20 n o. 1 92 n o.

AHI B OZ 2

A nkara M useum :

dd NN Const[antino] maxim[o victori] a c 5

t ri[umfatori]

s emp?[r Aug et] [ F]l

10 Date:

4 5 (A ) ,

Co[nstantino]

et

Fl

C [onstantio]

et

F l

[ onstanti]

[ -

- ]

[ -

- 1

A D 3 33-335

GÜ N ALAN ( F ORM , HO L OZ ) 1 B F I mp

Caes

C Aur

[ Val]

Diocletiano p f i nv Aug et 5

7 a 2 75

Caes

Imp

M Aur Val

7 9

Maximiano

p f

inv Aug Ab Ancyra m XXVIII KH Date:

A D 2 86-293

B ibliography:

( 3 ) .

M acpherson 1 954, 1 958,

1 20 n o. 1 93 n o.

7 b 2 76

GÜ N ALAN 2 ( i )

Imp

Caesari

Divi

Traiani

thici

f Divi

ne[ p]oti

Date:

Pa[r] Ne[rvae]

T [raiano]

? AD 1 22/123

( ii)

DD NN

Fl

Valentiniano et

Fl

Valente

triunfatoris 5

Date:

4 6 (A ) .

sen

( sic)

per Augg

A D 3 64-367

K A R AAL i 1 [ Imp

5

Caesar]

[ L

Septimius

[ -

- - ]

[ -

- -

[ -

-

[ et

Imp

Severus]

1 1

Caesar]

M Aure Anton[i]nus H et

P Septimius

restituerunt 10

8 0

Aug

Geta

cö s

III

Caesar n

XXXIIII A D 1 98 c p.

Date:

B ibliography:

B ) .

AA

4 9(B)

C IL I II. S uppl. 2 . 1 4184 50 A nderson 1 899, 1 04 n o. 9 0

K A R AAL i 2 D N Imp

Caes

C Aur

Diocletianus Aug 5

et

J r [ Aur

Imp Val

Val

p f inv

Caes

M

Maximianusll

p f inv Aug Ab Ancyra m XXXVIII Date:

A D 2 86-293

B ibliography:

C IL I II.

S upp1.

2 .

1 4184 51

A nderson 1 899, 1 04 n o. 9 1 B osch 1 967, 3 63-365 n o. 2 99

4 7 (A ) ,

AB A ZL I 2 [ Imp [ Divi

Caes] Traia]ni

[ id i f Divi] [ poti 5

[ trib

pot

[ Date:

( B ) ,

Had

por il M 'ax

VI]

[ A Larcium] [ nem

S ie “ vae ne]

Tra 4ano

[ riano Aug]

[ Parth]

cos

I II

per

Macedo

l eg A ]vg pr

pr

- ]

A D 1 22/123

AB AZL I No

inscription

visible.

4 8(A).

B 4i 0

( FORM.

i VRE)

[ li mp Divi

Caesari Traiani

[ thici] r iepoti 5

1

Par

f Divi

Ner4he

Traiano

Hadriano Aug 0

0

0

4

por it max

tr

pot

V [I]

I I

per A

cos

Larcium Mace •

•

•

don-er n l eg Aug 10

pr pr XXXIII

Date:

A D 1 2 2 /1 2 3

B ibliography:

( B ),

A r

M acpherson 1 954, m ap f ig.

1

B A d i0 2 MOB

MI.

• •••

Date:

?

( ii)

Not

l egible.

( iii)

dd NN Fl Constantino ma ximo victori umfatori 5

Aug

et

tri

semper Constantino

et

Fl

Constantio

et

Fl

Consta nobb

Caess

Date:

Fl

ac

A D 3 33-335

[ -

]

( sic)

( c ).

BA IO 3 I mp . •

C aesar. Divi • •

9

9

•

•

•

f . Domitianus tr. po . 5 . cos er 5

y111

desi9. VIIII. imp.TT

9

noris 0

4

0

9

vi[as]

0

0

[ Point

Y ÖREL1

Lycaoniae

stravit

inscription visible.

1 B F M . Aur.Severus Antoninus

5

f elix

hicus

Part

Brit[ an]

nicus m [ax] p p .trib

[ pot]

- - - Date:

? AD 2 12 c p.

Bibliography :

( B ).

4 0(A )

a nd 4 2(B )

M acpherson 1 954, 1 958,

1 15 n o. 1 87

7

Y ö Rn i 2 Imp

Caesar

L Septimius Pius

Severus

Pertinax Aug Arab 8 3

•

Armeniae

4

Pius

•

Pisidiae

A l ) 8 2

B Ad 'l i

XV vir 9

•

provinciar. Galatiae

[ xxxliii Ar

mil

No

4 9(A).

9

. A.Caesennium Gallum cos

[ a ] gor.l iae

( D).

0

Au9 pont. max.

rappad]ociae

Date:

9

( vac)

N p c. ) pr

l o

Vespasiani *****.

•

Pa hl [ Mi]

Adiab Parth max pon 5

tif

trib pot

I II

procos

{X}VI

et

XI

cos

Imp Caesar

M Aure Antoninus net

imp

P Septimius

Aug

cos

Geta

I II

Caesar-i l

restituerunt

1 0

D ate:

AZ

B uckler,

C alder a nd C ox

A D 1 98

B ibliography:

5 0 .

XXXVII

BE Z 1RHANE No visible

5 1 (A ) .

1 924,

inscription

AF $ A R 1 B F Imp Caes M Antonio Gordiano 5

f elici invicto Au gOS[..] 000P(?)

D ate:

A D 2 38-244

B ibliography:

( B ) .

C IL I II. S uppl. 2 . 1 4184 52 A nderson 1 899, 1 06 n o. 9 3 B osch 1 967, 3 41 n o. 2 78

AF $ AR 2 B F Imp.Caes. C. Aur. Val. Diocletiano

P 5

f

' 1-1 « . 1Y P. a. 1V

et

'

Imp. Caes. M. Aur.

8 4

7 7 n o.

1 11

F l. Val.Constantio e t. Ga• l. Va• l• .[ M]aximiano . [ nobb

Date:

Caess]

A D 2 93-305

AF $ AR Imp Caes G V ibio

T rebo

AHO Gallo bio f elici 5

Caes

( sic)

Aug e

Imp

G Afinio

Gallo Veldu [ m]niano Volu [ siano Aug]

Date:

( D ) .

( E ) .

5 2 .

A D 2 51-253

AF $ AR No visible

i nscription

No visible

i nscription

AF $ A R 5

S A R IHÜYÜK ( F O RM . S E D IT ) ( i) Bibliography:

( ii)

Dedication to Cornelia A nderson 1 899,

Im v [ Caes]

1 07 n o.

Fl

Salonina

9 5

Valrio

Constantino p f in Aug A Imp Caes Va 4

Liciniano] ]

p f in Aug 5

m LXV 8 5

M E D ate:

A D 3 13-317

B ibliography:

5 3 .

G ÜLHÜYÜK

( FORM.

C IL I II. S uppl. 2 . 1 4184 53 A nderson 1 899, 1 06 n o. 9 4

M UHLiSOBA)

Not

5 4 .

D EdiRMENYOLU

s tudied

yet

( FORM.

P ARLASAN)

( i) l resti t [uit p er E [[ ( ii)

- - ]TIS

( vac)

- ] ]

A .NN Aü -r oxodtopaLy OX

• 06c IA

c üaeßt 5

OüaX

1 < a c idpe rLy]

KwyotayTC[ w]

c üTux, t

E eß g [eyiaiw x e]

• A LxLvvLavg ) A LxLy [c o]

E üaeß, t

e ütux i :

OXa OüaA .

EE ß

l i cyColtw

• KpCc rnw x k

O tka• ALI . I .LvCc o

0 Ac c ,

K A .au6Cw KwvotayTCvw 1 0 Date:

T o PAKKAYA

• KaCc rapaLv

A D 3 17-324

B ibliography:

5 ,

U LLQ

( FORM.

C IL I II. S uppl. 2 . 1 4184 53 '54 A nderson 1 899, 1 08 n o. 9 6 H ild 1 977, 3 9 a nd f ig . 1

C iMENLiYENi)

[ Imp Caes M ] [ Opel 4ius

S eve

rus Macrinus Pius

f eli[x] 8 6

Aug

e

s anctissimus

5

a c

e

providentissi mus

princeps

et

M -Opellius Antoni nus 1 0

nobilissimus

Caesar viam nova,m i nstitutam perfe cerun Sulla Aug

1 5

[ C]ereale

l e[ g]

[ pro praetore]

A Col [ -

curante

m p

]

D a t e :

A D2 1 7 2 18 B ibliography: B a l l a n c e 1 9 5 8 , 2 3 0 n o . 2 , 2 3 4 A E1 9 6 0 . 3 6 F r e n c h 1 9 7 6 , 5 2

5 6 ,

AK S ARAY ( i)

Impprrbb Caessbb Caio A [ ur Val] Diocletia[no] 5

et Marc A [ u]r

G [al]

Maximiano [ p] et

f invic Aug imp

Caes 1 0

Fla

Constantio et Caio A [ur Val] Maxim[iano] p f i nvic Caes

1 5

D a t e :

A Co mil

X

A D2 9 3 3 0 5 ( ii)

DD NN Constantino

8 7

[ Het L icinioll A ugg 5

e t C rispo e t U Licini]lo e [t] C onstantino n obb C aess

D ate:

A D 3 17-324 C IL I II.

B ibliography:

I

I

S uppl. I T

2 . "

1 4186 1 4187

S arre 1 896(1) , 3 2 " 1 896(2) , 1 74 n o. 1 3a R amsay 1 904, 1 27 n o. 4 8 " 1 916, 1 01 a nd n . 2 B al1ance 1 968, 2 30 n os. 2 5 a nd 2 7 F rench 1 976,

5 7 ,

KE M ERH iSAR , SA L MA NL I ( i )

5 2

N igde M useum

C iFTLIK

I mp C aesar.M .Ant[onius] G ordianusipius.[felix

i nvi]

c tue A ug p or.i tim[ax t rib] p ot9[st]

c os t p [rocos p er]

- - - D ate:

? AD 2 38

( ii)

- - -

(ii)

[ Totg KupCoLg]

1 - - ]

5

Un Alv

K [- - ]

I TU J

A W[

[ K c ovaT]ayTcCvw

—

—]

1 .11 )[- ]

5

VI E L kn if i

[ hat . A LxLvC]c o mat 1 [KpCon c o]l

Date:

(Si c)

[ xal]

[ ALx]LvCc o x al

?

K c ovoT[avTCyw] [bug ) K caoupoLv] Date:

A D 3 17-324 c f.

n o.

5 4(ii)

a nd 5 6(ii)

5 8 (A ) ,

K A V UKLU 1 I mp.Cae[s]ar M A nto n ius G ordianus P ius

8 8

f elix i nvictus Aug pont[if]ex 5

Date:

[ potest

[ max t r]ib

c os procos per]

? AD 2 38

K A V UKLU 2 T me

[ aesar]

M A [urelius] S everus

5

Date:

( C ).

P 41

[ Antoninus]

g1 -41 x -

1

?

K A V UKLU 3

K app mil

Date:

5 9 (A ).

?

EMI N L iK 1 Imp.Caes.Divi.Severi

nep

D ivi. Antonini. mag.Pii f il. M. Aur.Severo. H Alexandroll.pio.fel. Aug 5

pont. max.trib.potest imp.I.I.cos.p.p.pro.cos per Asinium.Lepidum leg. Aug.pr. pr.praesid 8 9

provinc.Capp 1 0 Date:

A D 2 22

B ibliography:

( 3 ) .

IA

J acopi 1 938, 3 2 a nd f igs. " 1 939, 2 13 A E 1 941, 5 1 n o. 1 63 B allance 1 964, 1 42 n . 4 H arper 1 964, 1 65 n . -1 2

1 31-132

E MI N LI K2 [ Imp]

Cafes

[ Se]veri

D ivi]

P ii nepo

D ivi Antonini

5

magni

P ii

Marco

[ Au]re[lio]

[ Se] vero H droll

D ate:

H Alexan]l [ -

- ]

? AD 2 22

B ibliography:

6 0 (A ) ,

f ilio

J acopi 1 938, 3 3 a nd f igs. B allance 1 964, 1 42 n o. 4

1 33-134

PO R SUK 1 Imv Caesar D ivi

[ Antonini]

P i r p [agni

f D ]i[v]i

S ey9ri nev9s 5

M A [u]relius Antoninus.pius f elix.invictus Augustus.pon t ifex max

1 0

t rib.pot.cos . procos. A P (ylis)

9 0

m XXV{I} A

D ate:

? AD

2 1 8

B ibliography:

( 3 ).

C IL I II. S uppl. 21 2 2 1 4 R amsay 1 9 0 3 , 4 0 14 0 3 J acopi 1 9 3 8 , 3 B allance 1 9 6 4 , 1 4 4 n o . 8 F rench 1 9 7 6 , 5 2

PO R SUK 2 -

potest.cos.p-p

[ p]ro c os.praes.pro v inc C lodio 5

n ino

S atur

l eg. Aug.pr. pr-

F austinianae C ol XXIII-A.Tyan .

K r Date:

? b etween A D

B ibliography:

( C ).

2 52 50

C IL I II. S uppl. 21 2 2 13 R amsay 1 9 0 3 , 4 0 14 0 3 B allance 1 9 6 4 , 1 4 4 1 4 5 and n .

9

PO RSUK 3 I mp Caesar t o[nius f elix

G ordianus]

t es

p i9s

[ inv Aug po]n

t ifex m [a]x 5

[ M A ]n

c os

p idium

[ trib pol

[ procos per Cu]s [ Flaminium]

S eve

rum l e• [g Aug pr pr] •

--Date:

? AD

2 3 8

B ibliography:

1 9 0 3 , 4 0 14 0 3 1 9 0 4 , 1 1 J acopi 1 9 3 8 , 3 B allance 1 9 6 4 , 1 44-145

R amsay

"

9 1

a nd n .

9

6 1 .

P O ZANT I [ Imp Caes] [ N I Aurelius [ plus

f eliJx

[ Brit m ]ax 5

S everus Antoninus] { c}

M ug Parth max]

G er[ m max]

pontif •

[ max tr]ib potest XX imp [ proco]s p p Viam Tauri

•

•

•

I II

cos

vetustate

[ conl]apsam conplanatis monti

10

[ bus

e ]t caesis

[ tis

i ]tineribus

i nstitutis •

P

rupibus

ac

cum pontibus

restituit

•

A Pylas m p XV

T E

A .1 10 1 1. MI Date:

A D 2 17

B ibliography:

6 2 .

H arper 1 970, 1 49-151 A E 1 969/1970. 6 07 R obert J . a nd L . B ull. H arper 1 972, 1 63

1 971.

SO dUKP INAR Imp Caes

Div[i]

Seven i Pii nepoti Divi Antonini magni 5

Pii

f ilio

Marco Aurelio Severo

H Alexandro]l

f elici

invicto Aug pont

pio

max trib pot X cos I II 10

p p procos

per Aradium Paternum l eg Aug praes A Pylas(sic)

prov m p X I

IA Date:

A D 2 31

B ibliography:

H arper 1 964, " 1 970, " 1 972, A E 1 964.5 9 2

d ilata

1 64-176 1 49 a nd p l. X XIa 1 62

6 78

I III

6 3 .

TA RSUS [ — —

E c f 3a]atöv[— —

' AXcEav6[p]Lay; 1 ' A s5pL]ay? 1

' AvT

— ]

cL\ 'La[vf l E counpLav; 1

Tdpoog i gnTpön[OÄLg]

8 D ate: B ibliography:

L anglois 1 854, n o. 4 7 L e B as a nd W addington 1 870, I GRR I II, 3 38 n o. 8 82

6 1 4 . A D A N A

I I,

3 48 n o.

1 479

A dana M useum 4 1

Imp.Caes. M . Aur.Severus. I i Alexander p ius.felix.invi 5

ctus. Aug.ponti max.tribuni pot. X.imp.X. cos.III.p.p.pro cos.viam.pu

1 0

b licam.et pon t es.restituit m .p. XXX. A

Date:

A D 2 31

B ibliography:

6 5(A ).

M outerde 1 921, 2 19 n o. 1 0 A E 1 922, 3 9 n o. 1 29 H arper 1 964, 1 65 n . 1 2 F rench 1 976, 5 2 —

YA KAP INAR ( F ORM .

M iSiS)

I mp Caes nepote P ii

1

D ivi

( sic)

[ Sever]i

D ivi Antonini ma[gni]

f ilio Marco Aurelio

A lexandra pio

9 3

P ii

S ever[o]

f elici Aug pont

5

i fice

( sic)

s tatis

maximo t ribuniciae pot[e]

I I procons p .p.viam

p o[n]tes

a Pu

r nis

d ria r p e x

i n1e7ro

u sque

a l

[ et] [ Alexan]

[ res]Ii[tuit]

XXXXIIII Date:

A D 2 23

B ibliography:

( B ) ,

C IL 1 11.1.226 C IL 1 11.2.974 A dd. L e B as a nd W addington 1 870, L anglois 1 854, n o. 2 7 Y orke 1 898, 3 07

YA K AP INAR 2 ( i)

I I 3 53 n u.

1 495

A dana M useum

I -

- ]

[ - - 1Aug 1 -

]0[-

- ]

( vac) e l I A Date:

?

( ii)

dd

N e

Valentiniano e t Valenti e t G ratiano 5

maximi v ictoribus s emper Auggg

A Ig Date:

A D 3 67-375

B ibliography:

6 ,

C IL I II. S uppl. 2 . 1 3624 H eberdey a nd W ilhelm 1 892, 1 3 Y orke 1 898, 3 09 n o. 5 v on O ppenheim a nd L ucas 1 905, 6 4 n o. F rench 1 976, 5 2

KI Z LA RSUYU I m?

[ Clee

9 4

1 06

s ari M Aur Va. le . r M [a]ximiano p io 5

f elici

i nvicti Aug m pass

D ate:

X I

A D 2 86-305

B ibliography:

H eberdey a nd W ilhelm 1 892, C IL I II. S uppl. 2 . 1 3623

9 5

1 6 n o.

4 6

A PPENDIX

R OAD I NSCRIPTIONS O N T HE P ILGRIM 'S R OAD

9 7

1 .

GÜLEK

BOi f 3AZI

Imp

1

Casar

relius felix

5

( sic)

Marcus

Antoninus invictus

Pius

Augu

stus

montibus

caisis

viam

latiorem

f ecit

" Opot ,

Au

( sic)

K LXL-

k i ih ) D ate:

C aracalla

B ibliography:

C IL I II. C IL I II.

1 . 2 29 S uppl.

2 .

1 2118

C IL I II. S uppl. 2 . 1 4177 1 1 L anglois 1 854, 3 1 n o. 7 8 s ur u ne e spece d 'autel t aille c l ans l e r oc L anglois 1 861, 3 65 L e B as a nd W addington 1 870, Y orke 1 898, 3 06 n o. 1 R amsay 1 898, 2 38 a nd n . A E 1 899. 8 0 F reiherr a nd L ucas, P l. I f ig. 1 I GRR I II, 3 41 n o.

3 56 n o.

1 521

1

B Z 2 9

( 1905)

6 6 n o.

1 08 a nd

8 92

H arper 1 970, 1 49 A E 1 969/1970. 6 08 B ean a nd M itford, J ourneys 1 968

I I,

( Vienna 1 970)

7 6 n .

i n R ough

C ilicia 1 964-

1 32

R obert, J a nd L . B ull. 1 971, 6 78 a nd a dditional b ibl. H arper 1 972, 1 62 H ild 1 977, 5 8 a nd f igs. 2 4 a nd 2 5 F rench 1 980, 7 02 n o. 2 3

2 .

G ü LEK B o dAz i 2

1 -

procols

et

[ pontels

usq[ ue ex

( Greek t ext) D ate:

( ?)

ad]

integro

viam a Pylis

N OPATA 4 0M A C Oh io N I

Alexandream restituit

? Kan ,na8oxi :a .g

S everus A lexander

I ( D i , ( cp. 9 8

öpoL m ilestone n o.

c f.

A mm .

6 5(A )

M arc.

X XII.9.13

i n C ilicia )

B ibliography:

C IL I II.

S uppl.

2 .

1 2119

S uppl.

2 .

1 4177

v iam,

C IL I II.

..., ad occidentem 1 2

Y orke 1 898, 3 07 n o. 2 o n a p illar c ut o ut but not d etached f rom t he l iving r ock o n t he m odern r oad a bout 1 00 y ards below of )

A E

3 ,

G ÜLEK B OdAZI

( on

t he s outh s ide

t he G ates.

1 899.

8 1

VA L LEY

(1? )

IMPCAES[--1 HADRIAN REIP[ FELIX[ ]IV[-] ENT[ -] VI[-]II[

5 [ -]AMADR[ [ -

]0RO[

I mp Caes

[ M Aur S ]everus

( ? )

( ?) el9e[ander p ius] f elix

[ i]r. l v[ic]Il je

v ilam] 5

et

[ a P ylis

[Aug]

[ pontes] u sque a d]

[ Ale]eiedr[eam ex] [ inte]gro

[ restituit]

[ A P ylis m p - - - ] [ ' Anö 1 1 )2u : by 1 1 ,-] 1 1.

8 ,

D ate:

9 exempli ( ?)

g ratia

S everus A lexander

B ibliography:

C IL I II. 1 . 2 27 a nd e arlier b ibl. A insworth, T ravels i n A sia M inor e tc. I I,

( London 1 842)

7 7 a n a ncient b ut i llegible Greek i nscription

h as f allen,

w ith t he r ock o n w hich i t w as c ut,

w ith i ts f ace d ownwards i nto t he s tream

L anglois 1 854, 3 2 n o. 7 9 s ur l e r ocher a u n iveau d e l a c ascade L e B as a nd W addington 1 870, I I, 3 56 n o. 1 519

9 9

4 .

GÜ L EK BO Ö AZ I VA L L EY ( ? ) In Caesar [ Ma]rcu[s] Aurelius P ius

f el[i]x

i nv[i]9 u[s]

A [ug]

mon[tibus c ae]sis [ vi]am l atiore[m f ecit] 5

[ A P ylis m p - - ] r Anb H uV 5v

1 1.

5 ,

D ate:

6 exempli

g ratia

C aracalla

B ibliography:

C IL I II. L anglois l a

L e B as

1 . 2 28 non longe a portis C iliclis 1 854, 3 1 n o. 7 2 sur le rocher qui horde

r oute

a nd W addington 1 870,

1 00

I I,

3 56 n o.

1 520

TABLES A ND M APS

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0

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i r

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c

r e )

c ivitas C olonia

m utatio A rgustana

m ansio N italis

m ansio I ogola

( Fines G alatiae e t

m utatio A ndrapa

m utatio G alea

c ivitas A spona

equence o f s ites i s r eversed. a nd C olonia A rchelais t he s

C olonia A rcilaida

P arnasso

I tin. Ant.

A spona-Colonia A rchelais

r — I 40 / 1

C olonia A rchelaida

ARCHELAIS C d

••

C • 1

r ,

r — I * *

C • 1 4 " 1 1 * * *

I tineraria

,_. ,_. '-J

0.30 5.00 10.00

15.28 25.28

0.00 0.30 4.70 5.00

0.00 15.28 10.00

c.

9.50 12.90 18.70

21.70 25.30

0.00 9.50 3.40 5.80

0.00 21.70 3.60

0.00 C. 25. 50 25.50

11.70 14.60

0.00 C. 11. 70 2.90

C.

20.60

17.30 20.60

0.00 17.30 3.30

139.98

25.30

18.70

25.50

25.28

10.00

14.60

Km -

Km -

Km -

94.5

17 --

13-

17

17

7

10-

14-

MP -

(b) Measured Distances

- Nev$ehir road - Aksaray:centre

- saddle on ridge above Boyal1 valley - Boyal1:school - Yeniyuva, Hli. below village: site

- Muslim shrine below Oymaaga� Yayla

- $OSe to villages - $OSe to Uzengilik

- junction of tracks - Glilhliylik - DeF,irmenyolu:site

- Glilhliylik:lake edge S of village - Keles Hliylik:site

- Bekta$l1 Hli.:site - Bli. B1y1k:road

ANCYRA-COLONIA ARCHELAIS : Aspona-Colonia Archelais

CIVITAS COLONIA

ARGUSTANA

NITALIS

IOGOLA

PARNASSOS

ANDRAPA

GALEA

ASPONA

TABLE 8(b)

A rchelais-Sasima

N andianulus

e mend t o X VIII. t otal 5 4.

C oloniam A rcilaida

4 1

( not r epresented)

ARCHELAIS-TYANA

e I

1 1 C N 1 1 1

• •

C • 1

CN 1

1 18

m utatio C husa

m utatio M omoasson

c ivitas C olonia

c d

0

I c \

C • J

1 1

•

i 4 4

) 1 1 1

1 1 C • I •

* •

*

I tineraria

( b) M easured-Distances

( ) T 9 A b B L E

e o c e

4 . )

" 0

. 2 C . ) c d / 4 • I J

•• . : 0 › , : 0 • =

C D

0 0 " t i c e O $ 1 I 1 • r i 9 1

, :

C I ) • t I ( f r, -2 W R I

* rn c d $ . 1 C O . 0

r 4 • • r i

0 • ! 1 4 -1 C )

•• ( 1 )

. c z ) •4 : Z e I = C / ) t I H W C . J ^ c e

Z

• , — )

•• C O a ) C Z 1 U

c a 1 1 r i H >

1 ) C l i . 4 1 c n r 1 4 ) •• 4 . ) C . ) 4 -1 0 › , * T -) : 0 , C 0 ) , 1 U 3 N Z 0 c t l c n • >4

H 0

C O

C l ) : 0 H

c t i

c d H

0 C I . 0 .

0 0 . 9 4 4 J 4 4 0 c l ) U C r I Z 0 :0 1 - )u > C D

) t- a . ) c L ) < g c l r c 1

C V r 1

C O H

t f l . C • 1 r 4

C V r 4

0 0 . C O , 1

0 L i-) . / 4 1 0 c • i

C V 0 . 0 c q

0 0 1 . r H

0 C V C O 0 v : p• c z n• 1• - 0•

0 0 0 0• 0• i n•

0 V D c • I i n• 2• - 0

c 0 0 % 0 1 1 c \ I C V

C N r - C D H H C N

A rchelais-Sasima

I 1 I 1 I I 1 1 1 I

C D 0 c d : 0 Z A Z U

• •

< ›

1

CV /

. 1

H 1 r i z H

I

r s 3 = C )

E I

r - c v c o e I H

C D 0 C V V D C V 0 1 40 C / i l L i l L f 1 • • • • • 0 c r ) 1- 1- 4 r )

0 0

0 0 0 0 0 t n

) .

4

0 0 i n 1 40 / 0 L n o N i n • • • • C D C V . t . C N H

C D C O C N / 40 1 H •


a ) Z

• H ( 1 )

4 1 4 ) 0. ,1

^ C ) c l

9 4 4 W , i

. 4

e

z

:

4 . ) c l . ) g d t o c „ . c u0 " c : J e •

, 1 c n • c z i •• 4 Z C U

, 1

:

4 )

r

c t

+ -

C U

c y 0 4 4 . , 4• r i u$ 4

• , 1 0 c n 4 4 •• › , C I O

4 ) . H c 1 $ 4 4 i C Z c n < 1 : 0 — • " 2 • T a l C J C U • r I " t i ' 7 : 1

, 4 „ 2 ( i ) $ 4 ^ C D 0 • , -I

• • . u r-' ° N

p

: 0 4 0 ° •x e u . )4 _ 1 I

c u

11 1 1 1

H

11 1

c v 4 )

o N 4

c d Z , ' C I . N • , 1 c n

. iI • , 1

I 4 =

2 c o •

1 4 c i 0 . )

c l )

.

$ 4 c l i c / 7

c o z•r i

c . ) . 0 H , $ 4 , 1 U C I ) c t

1 1 1

$ 4

1

1 L r ) L r )

0 N -

‹ 9 ,

4 J

N N

C I )

1

1 0 •

r • • c f 1

v z . 1.

, o , 1 .

c N 1 r l

••

a l

00000

0 1 N . V D N •

H 1 C / 3 I 4

N H

N .

0 N

• • • r - H N H N N

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 C O ON v D L • • • • • • o o zr cf l H

•

0 O N C O C O V D V D r 1 C h . t . N . 1 40 C / h s e . • • • • • • H

0 0 0

•

0 N

•

0 H

• I "

H

0 c • 1 \ . 0 • •

TABLE 1 0(b)

g r 4

0

•

1 21

N

N

• • F I c " , 1

N

r 1

c 0 N L / 1 • •

L r ) L r l

CO 1 1 C V 1 -4 *. . 1 .r I

C ' • -

C • -

1 22 t otal 8 3.

C,1 r — I

( text b roken)

r — I

N ampsucrone

41 ' 4

T arso C h id e

A quis C alidis

F austinopolim

r 1 C V

c ' . 1 I

*

CV

*

1 1

•

CV C •1 * * *

•

•

•

( Fines C appadociae e t C iliciae)

m utatio P ilas

m ansio O podando

m utatio C aena

c ivitas F austinopoli

c ivitas T hyana

I tineraria

a . )c u•

4 . ) e z e o4 i r • I ' V 1 : 1 * 7 1

C l )

L e 1 1

C n

L . r ) r-

C 7 \ C V

C S \ 1 1

0 % . o 0 L T % c y % • • • • 0 1 0 1 C O C h r i C J

0 ¼D 0 •

C> . •

TABLE 1 1(b)

c n

•

0 0

0

• •• •

r I

r I

0

I n r -

•

c h 0

i n i n i n i n

L I

CO •

0

C r 4

• , . 1 2 ( 1 1

c . ) c n

I

1

0

0 \ D r I

L n 0

• 0

•

0 0 G O c r % • • • i n C i n

e e A n

o 0 a a 0

1 23

4 = , I

A 0 3 N

e

c e

r i , 4 3 4 c . ) c t i G I c i l =

r u l I

I

1

c o c i l 3 4 c G EI 1

0

•

r I

0 0

c entre:site

•

Z

0

' J D

FAUSTINOPOLIS

0 0

1

C l )

4 ) . H c n

w N 1 C l

r I 1 1

C V

v r )

1

C O C l ) 4 . J C D C O c r j 4 i c r ) L D • H C e ( I ) C I + 4 1 •• C o C D L 4 1 5 O r » 0 1 : 1 P . • , 1 c . ), O 4 ) 4 ) C I L 49 : 1 • .. ,1

C

v I

0

1 1

C O 9 4

C ‘ . 1

. s t

• • •

Ln

1 1 C

0 0 c -3 0 0 0 • • • • C D i n 4

C / 3

a 4 1

0

• •

0 •

1 1

G O 1 1

0 • • L n c \ I

0 0 . • 0 00

d i

d i

MANSUCRINAE

a nd H oroz

- K irkge it b elow Ömerli

M easured D istances

0

C l ) 4 ) • r I C 1 3

0 c t )

T ABLE 1 2

( a)

I tinerarium C appadociae

[V. ID. l O

M

( CIL V I.5076)

1

Oct.

( ?

I II- ID- MOPSV- CREN[ EM]

13

PR. ID. PANHORMO[ N]

1 4

ID. 00T. AD. AQ. CALIDA[ S1

15

XVII. K. NOV. TYNNAM

16

XVI- K- TYANA

( ?

( ?

vac.)

vac.)

17

XV- K- NOV. ANDAB[ ALEM]

18

XIIII- K- NO[ V-

19

1 .2

D ate:

11

1 2

9

5

I nscription

[ TARSVM]?

?b efore M . A urelius

1 24

1

T ABLE 1 2

( b)

M odern s ite

T opography

M odern l ocation

T arsus

T arsus

M opsucrene

? n ear H acihamzali

P anhormos

A quae C alidae

? g iftehan

T ynna

T yana

K emerhisar

A ndabilis

Yeniköy

1 25

E SK1

-

ANC IENT

Ö ren y er ler i

YEN! — MODERN U zak l ik lar

K aynak lar

S i tes

D is tances

S ources I t .An t .

Ö ren y er ler i S i te s

T .P eu t . Imp = 1 . 48 km

S .T heod .

I t .B urd .

P rocop .

M i l . V

c . 7 .2 km ( 4 .86 ) mp

B r idge

Köp rü—Br idge

K öprü

c . 0 •5 km l u l iopo l is

A

—

A

E sk i5eh ir

c . 12 .4 km ( 8 .38 ) mp

A

cl Omp ( 1 4 -80 ) km M i l . V I I I

I

J r

c . 17 I km ( 1 1 5 ) mp

I

t , ‘ , 1 . 7 km ( 3 .1 8 ) mp

S iber is/H ie rus

t

I,

A

c . 36 . 1 km

2 4 mp ( 3 5 .52 ) km

?

( 24 3 9 ) mp

G irm ir C ay ( S .B ank ) ( G .K i )))

2 mp

S ykeon

( 3 2 .5 6 ) km

c . 19 .0 km ( 1 2 .84 ) mp I 2mp ( 1 736) km

L agan ia/

H ü . D ikmen

A nas tas ioupo l is

TABLE 1 3 TABLO 1 3 i u l i o po l i s&L agan ia — T ab le o f c ompara t ive

d i s tance s

I u l iopo l is v e L agan ia — K iyas lama l i u zak l ik lar t ab losu

R OADS

:D EFINITIONS

( French 1 980,

T he

t erminology i s d efined e lsewhere

e xtended t o i nclude o ther t erms.

7 03)

( French 1 974):

T he d efinitions

i t

i s h ere

a nd t he n otes o n

c onstruction a re b ased o n m y o wn o bservations. r oad:

a g eneral o r g eneric t erm f or a ny l ine o f c ommunication b etween p re-existing p oints,

r oute:

t he i ntended l ine o f c ommunication b y m eans e tc., a t rack o r a p ath,

h ighway:

s pecific

t erm f or b uilt,

l ine o f c ommunication; 3 .25 m w ide,

e ngineered, b road i .e.

o f a h ighway

p aved a nd m aintained

o n a verage m ore t han

r oadway:

s pecific t erm f or b uilt, e ngineered, l ine o f c ommunication; n arrow, i .e. 3 .25 m w ide,

p aved a nd m aintained o n a verage l ess t han

t rackway:

a b road, c onstructed b ut n ot p aved, l ine o f c ommunication,

p athway:

a n arrow, n on-paved, b ut r egularly m aintained c ommunication,

t rack:

a s pecific t erm f or a n on-built,

r egularly m aintained

l ine o f

n on-paved, b ut k nown,

a ccepted a nd r egularly u sed l ine o f c ommunication, p ath:

a s pecific t erm f or a n i rregularly u sed l ine o f c ommunication,

c ourse:

t he p hysical t opography a nd d escription o f a r oadway, o r p ath,

s urface:

t he v isible, o bservable r oad-material t op-dressing, r ubble.

1 28

i .e.

p aving,

t rack

i n-fill,

L EGEND

ANAHTAR

H ighways > 3 .25 m . w ide

T ae d öee l i t a ut y o l lar i , g en ie l ik > 3 •25 m .

R oadways < 3 .25m . w ide

T a ut g e meyen t ae d öee l i y o l lar , g en ie l ik < 3 .25 m .

Certa in r oad i . e . S ürek l i i z leneb i len

c ont inuous ly o bservab le Ce rta in r oad i . e . 3 M 1 13

o bse rvab le b u t w i th g aps

A ra l ikh i z leneb i len

R e l iab ly p red ictab le r oad

S av l t

MI «

P robab le r oad

a m ,

B e lk i

• •••

B üyük o las i l ik la

P oss ib le r oad R ou te k nown f rom a nc ient i t inerar ies

E sk i s eyahatna me le rden b i l inen y o l lar E sk i k ent ler ( Caput v iae )

Anc ient c i t ies ( Caput ANCYRA

v iae) A nc ient c i t ies & t owns ( not Caput v iae ) O ther c erta in a nc ient

• S iva

E sk i k ent ler v e k asaba lar ( Caput v iae

ATetra

D iger b i l inen ö ren y er ler i

o l mayan )

s i tes O ther p oss ib le a nc ient

D iger b e lk i l i ö ren y er ler i

Mut . F ines

s i tes •89

M i les tones

M i l t ae lar i

B r idge

Köprü

P aved F ord

T ae d öee l i n eh ir ge9 id i Sca le 1 0

1 : 1 ,000 ,000 1 0

20

30

1 29

ö l9ek 40

50 km

,

THE

P ILGR IM 'S

ROAD - HAC I

Map —Har ita 2 Map—

S ca le-0 19ek 5 0

1 :3 ,000 , 1 00

a r ita 3

00 1 50 km .

CONSTANT INOPOL IS I s tanbu l

N ICOMED IA i zm it

ANCYRA Ankara

SEBASTE IA S ivas

V

c z2

CAESARE IA K ayser i

Map —Har ita 6 TYANA K e merh isar F AUST INOPOL IS B asmakc i

ADANA

Map —Har ita

A T I OCHE IA Hatay

M ILESTONES O N T HE P ILGRIM'S R OAD M ap

C ONSTANTINOPOLIS

3 : I stanbul S heet

( 323-D)

N ICOMEDIA

1 .

G ebze

2 .

S in n Y ali

3 .

i zmit

1 ,2

N ICOMEDIA - N ICAEA 4 .

R esit B ey g iftlik

N ICAEA - I ULIOPOLIS 5 .

K aradin

6 .

O smaneli

7 .

P asalar

8 ,9

M edetli 1 -3

1 0.

Ü yük 1 ,2

1 1.

K araaga

1 2.

G ölpazari - D ikenli G eO .t 1 -6

1 3.

A ktas - B esevler

1 4.

G ölpazari - M ezarlik 1 ,2

1 5.

g imiski

1 6.

D o ancilar

1 7.

S arihacilar

1 8.

G ö l c eözü

1 9.

D uman

2 0.

N arzanlar 1 ,2

2 1.

K ayabasi

2 2.

g ay 1 -5

2 3.

H immeto nu 1 ,2

2 4.

B ölücekova 1 -3

2 5.

A hmetbeyler

CONV MS ION C E ,V it

M ILESTONES O N T HE P ILGRIM'S R OAD M ap 4 : Z onguldak S heet

I ULIOPOLIS - A NCYRA 2 6.

S uba u _

( formerly

2 7,28,29

g ayirhan 1 -3

3 0.

B ayram

3 1.

i lya ut

3 2.

ç o lu

3 3.

S usuz 1 ,2

1 ,2

i _ ve)

( 323-C)

ZONGULDAK

f ER3 101 4 HV IL C ETVEL I d en•

1 40 4

ra ,

(:r cenu

h

r esw I ch ., n

D eUS I13

; 1

,

4

bo p

-9 . 300

7-•

A „

Kuruc

1 2 '

,

A,d ‚n

4anwehr.

/•

7 '

•

I t rb

B LACK SRA

( KARADEN IZ )

t

e

A rnasr.

Ad

•

2

, ) )

. 4,

,

4 —

V0 •

' ,

d og. ,

K IL ImL

s ,

•-

----

)

.

• r n 1 2y 1 7 :

. 6* ü

a kot , . , 2 5 "› . "

l e•

Y nk , ::4ren

•

ZONGULD KOZL AK

/ 9/

7

K ,

,

A o/

‘ .2 " bev

\

\ ,? `

,

4

I

,

r4 P

' 1 . • "/ 71 , " f › c' \ \ , . .< "

•

\

A lap

A krak ii w,lhallaß

^ , >4 . e j

. . . .r , ( . . . „ __ _ , . . ,, . .., , - ti t e n e t >

I -' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' : '

/

.

7.4,, , , r, 5 .1" ' ' ,

,

, _

2C , 2 2 ,4 ' ' ‘ . , ,. .

•

s -' ,

. 1. , ., .

S M A NC 41 , 1 1 ,0,

/

4 , 4

)

( F l a en t; .4 , , ,

, n > Z •2 1.'"

Kua t, 14 9Ig h• N?..'

„

• ; ,77. 2\ I

-I

. • . .n a,t le

‘ sz

' 1

t

' 1 01 eCä lkör ,1 04 , 1„ j

>/

1 7

.

4 (1 3 3

M ILESTONES O N T HE P ILGRIM'S R OAD M ap 5 : A nkara S heet

( 341-A)

I ULIOPOLIS - A NCYRA 3 4.

E rkeksu g iftlik

3 5.

E ryaman

3 6.

E timesgut

3 7.

Y uva

3 8.

M acun

3 9.

A nkara 1 -13

( formerly E miryaman)

1 ,2

A NCYRA - C OLONIA A RCHELAIS 4 0.

A nkara - g ankaya 1 ,2

4 1.

E mirgöl

4 2.

Ö rencik

( formerly V irancik)

4 3.

O ulbey

( formerly g akal)

4 4.

A hiboz 1 ,2

4 5.

G ünalan ( formerly H oloz)

4 6.

K araali 1 ,2

4 7.

A bazli 2 ,3

4 8.

B ag 4i

4 9.

Y öreli 1 ,2

5 0.

B ezirhane

5 1.

A f ar 1 -5

5 2.

S arihüyük

5 3.

G ülhüyük

5 4.

D erqrmenyolu

5 5.

T opakkaya

5 6.

A ksaray

( formerly Z ivre)

C OLONIA A RCHELAIS - T YANA N one

1 -3

1 -5

1 ,2

1 -4

( formerly ? edit) ( formerly M uhlisoba) ( formerly P arlasan)

( formerly g imenliyeni)

,E RS ION

N on e tre

ANKARA

T ABLE

F e. c - ,7 0 oo

, .— 1 7 , 1 :4 a n i a l i

3 5 3 0 4 0

__ , wt .

4

d e n a k i c • ,b w• , . , . ,, 9

P

3 5 '

M ILESTONES O N T HE P ILGRIM 'S R OAD M ap 6 : A dana S heet

( 341-D)

T YANA - F AUSTINOPOLIS 5 7.

K emerhisar - S almanli g iftlik

5 8.

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f asiküller, K ügük A sya m iltaelari k orpusunun h azirlanmasi ( Corpus I nseriptionum Latinarum e ilt XVII, f asikül 5 ) a di i le b ilinen y e y ollara i liekin g aliemalarla H irlikte yürütülen b aeka b ir p rojenin ö n s onuglarini d a k apsayaeaktir. Bu f asiküld e s unulan arazi b ilgisinin t ümü y e e pigrafik m alzemenin g ogu H asi Y olu b oyunca 1 974 y ilindan b u y ana yapilan y üzey ara tirm alari y e g eziler s irasinda e le g egmietir. B u k onuda b ir ö n b ilgi v erilmie ( Freneh 1 976) v e iki m akale y ayinlanmietir. B u m akalelerden b irinde ( French 1 974) g aliemanin u ygulamali g egm iei ( amag v e y öntemler) anlatilmie, d i:erinde ( Frensh 1 980) R oma Y ollari v e m iltaelari k onusunda k i g aliemalar ö zetlenmiet ir. B en g aliema s onuglarimi b ildirirken i ki k oeula ö zellikle b agli k almaya y e ö neü t ipte b ir g aliema y aratmaga g abaladim: ( 1) Y ollarla i lgili b ilgileri t oplayarak a ralarinda t utarli b ir i lieki kurmaya, ( 2) h er f asikülde v erilecek haritalarda a nlatilan b ilgilerin s iniflamasini y apmaya g alletim. Y ollarla i lgili b ilgileri s iralayarak o rtaya q ikardi lm t utarli i liekil er g östergesi, a nakat b igiminde s ayfa 3 d e s unulmuetur. A ntik k aynaklarda bulunan b ilgileri s iniflamak i gin g irietigim g aban in s onuglarini i se d aha i leride y erebilecegim s anisindaylm. B en h er e yin ü stünde, g özlem y e ö zetlerimi s ade y e d üzgün b ir b igimde, g ergeklere t amamen s adik k alarak, d ürüstge aktarm aea g abaladim. B u n edenle, t eeekkür e ttigim a rkadae y e m eslekdaelarimi, bu g aliemayi i zleyeeek s uglaylei e leetirilere o rtak e tmek i stemem. A ma y ine d e g österdikleri y ardimlar v e y erdikleri ö gütler n ed eni i le o nlara i gten t eeekkürlerimi i letmek i sterim. ö zellikle T .C. i 1tUr B akanliel, add . Eserler y e Müzeler G enel M üdürlüeü y etkililerinden m erkum H ikmet G ürgay i le Burhan Tezcan, A ykut O zet v e ç etin Anlaean'a g allemama i zin y erdiklerinden v e g öst erdikleri s abir v e a nlayietan ö türü m innettarim. Yüzey araet irmalarimda b ana r efakat e den, u ygulamada b enden ö Aüt y e y ardimlarini e sirgemeyen B akanlik t emsileileri A hmet Tirpan ( 1974), Orhan G ürman ( 1975), M akmut A sian ( 1976), S edat H euer ( 1977) v e I brahim A talay' ( 1977-78) a t eeekkürlerimi i letiiim. N eeati D olunay ( Istanbul), G ürel u ut ( Ismit), Emin Tan ( Iznik), A bdullah K arakaya ( Aksaray), M ustafa Akkaya v e E rol F aydall' ( Niede) y a h em m üzelerinde h em d e y örelerinde b ulundugum s irada g österdikleri y ardimlardan ö türü g ok e ey b orgluyum. H epsine g ok t eeekkür e derim. G aliemamin e n b üyük b ölümünü y ürüttüeüm A nkara i linde, A nadolu M edeniyetleri M üzesi Müdürü Raci T emizer'den b üyük y ardimlar g ördüm. K endisine e ükranlarimi s unarim. M iltaelarinin v e h aritalarin g izimlerini b üyük b ir s abirla g ergekleetiren G erry H all, J on M orter, S ue v e S teve C lews' a m innettarim. M etnin h azirlanmasina y ardimel o lan J ean G reenhalg'e y e m etnin d aktilosunu y apan Mary C halmers' a d a p ek g ok t eeekkürlerimi i letmek isterim.

1

D eeerli y ardim v e ö gütlerini b enden e sirgemeyen m eslekda§larim S encer ' a thin, E lmar S chwertheim, S tephen M itchell v e A lan Hall'a b orglu o ldugumu b elirtmeyi z evkli b ir g örev s ayarim. T homas D rew-Bearle L ejean'in n otunun(Anderson 1 899, 6 9 v e n . 1 d e t ekrarlanmig i) f otokopic iini b ana y o11adi i i gin t e ekkür e derim. S on o larak b ana b ilgi v eren, y ol g österen T urk a rkada larima, g ezdigim y örelerde k i r esmi y etkililere, g ittigim p ek g ok k öy ün m uhtarlarina v e o ralarda k onukseverlikleri i le b eni a girl ayan k öylülere, g e itli y erlerde k ar ila ip, t ani§tigim g iftgi v e'gobanlara e n i gten t e§ekkürlerimi i letmek i sterim.

OKUYUCU i QiN N OTLAR Haritalar: b u f asikülde v e b undan s onra k i n ilacak o lan b a4li c ia h aritalar § unlardir:

f asiküllerde k ulla-

( 1) ( Harita 1 ) T ürkqe 1 :100,000, J eolojik y er h aritalari , t arih y ok. A nkara: M aden T etkik A rama E nstitüsü. ( 2) T ürkge 1 :200,000, b asim t arihi y akla§ik o larak 1 935. A nkara: H arita G enel M üdürlüg i i. ( 3) a yri g i,

( Harita 3 -7) T ürkge 1 :500,000, b asim t arihi 1 977; p aftalar y a d a c iltlenmi§ o larak kullanilmaga Y eni T ürkiye A tlasi. A nkara: M illi S avunma B akanliH arita G enel M üdürlüeü.

( 4) ( Harita 2 ) T ürkge 1 :1,000,000, T ürkiye F iziki, t arihi 1 977. Ankara : H arita G enel M üdürlügü. H aritalar i gin m etinde v erilen a yrintilar ( örnegin s .36: 4 7-t g ibi) 1 :200,000 l ik T ürkge s erilere d ayanir.

b asin :

B olu

F otoAraflar: B en s on f asikülde f otograflar i ginden b ir s egim y apip, s egtiklerimi y ayinlamayi t asarlamaktayim. B unlar K ügük A sya'da k i R oma y ollarinin f arkli g örünümlerini, ö rnegin y olun y apildigi a raziyi, y olun y apisini, y olun k orunma d urumunu, b ölK esel g e§itlerini, i nter a lialyi s ergilemek amati i le s egilet eklerdir. A razi N otlari: A nkara I ngiliz A rkeoloji E nstitüsü a r @vinde b ulunan a razi n otlari i ncelenmege e lveri li b ir d urumdadir. B unlarin i leride m ikrofithe J e ekline d önü§türülmesi o lasiligi d a v ardir. B u n otlar, y ol g özlemlerimi, u zakliklari, y olun t opografyasini v e g egtigi a raziyi g ünümüzdeki d urumlari i le k aydetti im b elgelerdir. T ablolar, r e ek. 1 -11 b u n otlara d ayan ilarak g ikarilan a na h at y a d a ö zetlerdir. I ndices:

b unlar

s on

f asikülde h azir o lataktir.

2

P OSTSCRIPTUM B urada ö zellikle D r. b encer a hin'in I nschriften G riechischer S tädte a us K leinasien s erisinin B ithynia k onusunda yakinda yay inlanacak g aliemasinin f otokopilerini b Uyük b ir n ezaketle b ana g önderdigini b elirtmek i sterim. A ma m etnimin d aktilosu f otograf i gin h azir o ldugundan, b en D r. 4 ahin'in e erl± y oruml arindan a ncak b irkag t anesini kullanabildim y e m etinde g erekl i d egieiklikleri y apamadim. t u n edenle, C orpus l nscriptiorum L atinarum'un s on y ayinlanacak b ölümünde, b u e ksikligi g iderec egimi y e D r. a hin'in g aliemasinin s onuglarini d a k apsayacak b ir g ali v na h azirlayacatimi u marim.

3

R OMA

f l INDA K U OK A SYA'DA K I Y OLLAR V E M ILT 4LARI Y ayinin A na

Y AZILI 1 .

S eyakatnameler

2 .

' Antik K aynaklar

BELGELKR

A RKEOLOJIK 1 .

2 .

3 .

4 .

g atti

B ELGELM :R

Y ol Y üzeyi ( a)

Y önü

( b)

Y apisi

Yazitlar ( a)

M ilta lari

( b)

Y ol

( s)

G enel Y azitlar

Y azitlari

ö ren Y erleri v e A nitlar ( a)

Ö ren y erleri

( b)

Köprüler

( e)

A lti d oldurulmue, t ae d öeeli, v e T ae d öeeli n ehir g egitleri

s it,

n ekir

S ikkeler

M ODERN B ILGILER 1 .

ö lqülmüe

U zakliklar

2 .

M odern G özlemler

S APTAMALAR VE TOPOGRAFIK N OTLAR ( kaynaklarda k i y orumlari i le b eraber)

Y APIM VE O NARIM T ARI M-J ERI

4

g egitleri

M ETINDE

G E ( . ;EN

; EKILLEPiN L ISTESI

, 5 ek•

1 :

B ir Roma y olunun s ematik 1 980, 7 13 y e L iarram 6 ).

Z ek.

2 :

Y anina s et y ap i lmis

Z ek.

3 : Kayalik b ir y amacin k esilmesi i le y apilmis b ir Roma y olunun

e k.

y e

k esiti

( kp.

F rench

b ir i l oma T aunun 9 ematik k esiti.

c . ematik k esiti.

4 : Basamak b igiminde k esilmis k ayalik b ir s irtta y apilan s etli

. c ; ek.

p ltni

b ir L ola y olunun s ematik k esiti.

5 : B ir P oma y olundaki t as d öseli n ehir g e @dinin s ematik p läni.

, 5 ek ..

6 : Iuliorolis-Ancyra: m etin d üzeltmeleri T ab. P eut., I tin.

A nt.

y e

I tin.

B urd.'a

5

T ABLO L iSTESi 1 ,

N itomedia ( a) ( b)

2 .

N itaea ( a) ( b)

3 .

N icaea ( a) ( b)

4 .

A ntyra ( a) ( b)

9 .

1 3.

I uliopolis

Antyra

: I uliopolis

- L agania

S eyakatnameler ö lgülmü l f Usakliklar A ntyra

L agina - Mnisus

S eyahatnameler Ü lgt ilmt if U zakliklar M nisus

A neyra

S eyakatnameler ö lO ilmüt U sakliklar : Antyra

A spona

:A spona

C olonia Artkelais

S eyakatnameler U zakliklar C olonia Artkelais S eyakatnameler ö lgülmüs U zakliklar : C olonia A rchelais

S eyakatnameler 0 19t ilmü l e Uzakliklar S asima

T yana

S eyakatnameler t 5 10 . ilmü l q U zakliklar

T yana - Tarsus ( a) ( b)

1 2.

- D ablae

S eyakatnameler Uzakliklar

C olonia A rgkelais - T yana ( a) ( b)

1 1.

: D ablae

C olonia A rehelais - T yana ( a) ( b)

1 0.

I uliopolis

Ancyra - C olonia A rtkelais ( a) ( b)

8 .

:N itaea

S eyakatnameler ö lgt ilmüN U zakliklar

I uliopolis - A ntyra ( a) ( 1)

7 .

I uliopolis

I uliopolis ( a) ( b)

6 .

S eyakatnameler U zakliklar

I uliopolis ( a) ( b)

5 .

Nicaea

S eyakatnameler O 1ç i . t1m i U zakliklar

K apadokya S eyakatnamesi ( a)

Yasit

( b)

T opografya

( CIL V I.

5 076)

I xliopolis y e L agania - K lyaslamall u zakliklar

6

S asima

H ARITA L iSTESi

H arita 1

I uliopolis y e L agania'nin Y eni

H arita 2

H aci Y olu

:A yrintili H aritalarin

:A yrintill H aritalar

( 3-7)

Y eni

H arita 3 -7

:

H aci Y o1u

H arita 8 ,9

:

C lassical Map o f A sia M inor ( Calder y e B ean 1 958) A ddenda e t C orrigenda

H arita 1 0,11

:

D as b yzantinische Strassensystem i n K appadokie n ( Hild 1 977) : A ddenda e t C orrigenda

K ISALTMALAR A non.

Eay.

A NRW

Ravennatis A nonymi C osmograpkia. ( top. P indar, M . v e P artkey, G .). B erlin ( 1860, s .b. 1 962). Aufstieg u nd N iedergang d er r ömiscken W elt. ( top. T emporini, H . v e H aase, W .). B erlin: D e G ruyter.

BM C at.

P ontus

C atalogue o f t he G reek C oins i n t he B ritisk M useum 1 3. P ontus, P apklagonia, B itkynia a nd t ke K ingdom o f B ospkorus ( wrotk, W . t arafindan). L ondra : B ritisk m useum ( 1889).

C IG

C orpus

I nscriptionum G raecarum.

b erlin.

C IL

C orpus I nscription s L atinarum.

B erlin.

C MAM

v iassical Map o f A sia m inor. ( top. b ean, G . E . y e C alder, W .M.). L ondra : B ritisk I nstitute o f A rekaeology a t A nkara ( 1958).

Evliya

E vliya E ffendi, N arrative of T ravels i n E uro _pe, A sia a nd A frica. ( top. v on Hammer, J .). ( 1834, e .b. 1 968).

H ier.

S ynek.

I GRR

L e S ynekdemos d 'Hi4 groklbs. ( top. E .). B rüksel ( 1939). ( Forma I mp. f ask. I ).

H onigmann, B yg.

I nscriptiones G raecae a d Res R omanas p ertinentes I , I II, I V. ( top. C agnat, 1 911-1927).

R .

I tin.

A nt.

I tinerarium A ntonini. I tineraria R omana i gerisinde, a . 1 -75 . ( top. C unts, C .). L eipzig ( 1929).

j tin.

B urd.

I tinerarium B urdigalense. I tineraria R omana i gerisinde, a . 8 6-95 . ( top. C untz, 0 .). L eipzig ( 1929).

K iepert

K iepert, R ., K arte v on K leinasien. 1 902-1906). ( G li tz. b as.).

P W

P aulys R eal-encyclopädie d er c lassischen A ltertemswissenseckaft. ( top. W issowa, G .) I - ( 1893-

S NG v .

T ah.

Ailock

P eut.

( Berlin

) .

S ylloge Nummorum G raecorum. S ammlung v on Aulock. D ie P eutingeriscke T afel. S tuttgart ( 1962).

8

D eutsckland.

( top.

Miller,

K .).

Vita S .

T keod.

V ie d e T k6dore d e S ykäon I v e I I. ( top. F estugiere, A .J.). B rüksel ( 1970). ( Subs. H agiogr. 4 8).

9

B IBLIYOGRAFYA A lp,

S .

A nderson,

J .G.C.

1 956

K onya K araköyük Hafriyati. 1 953 Kazisi. T urk. A rk. D erg. 6 -1: 3 5-37.

1 897-8

E xploration i n A sia M inor d uring 1 898: Birinci Rapor. B SA 4 :

i t

4 9-78.

1 899

E xploration i n Galatia s is H alym. I I.Bölüm. J HS 1 9: 5 2 -1 34 y e 2 80-318.

B abinger,

F r.

1 923

H ans D ernsckwams T agebuck e iner R eise n ach K onstantinopel u nd K leinasien 1 553/1555. Münik y e L eipzig.

B allance,

M .H.

1 958

R oman R oads i n Lycaonia. A nat. S t. 8 : 2 23-234.

1 964

D erbe a nd F austinapolis. A nat. S t. 1 4: 1 39-145.

1 969

G alatia. R eall. d . Byz. Kunst. I I i gerisinde, 7.- U58-615. ( top. W essel, K l.). G otha.

1 870

V oyage A rcki eologique e n G rese e t e n A sie M ineure I II. I nscriptions G recques e t L atines r ecueillea e n Asie M ineure. Paris.

1 932

K aramik Y on A nkara. 2 61.

1 934

P rekistorisske Fdreckung i n K leinasien. I stanbul. ( Ist. F orack. 6 ).

1 967

Q uellen z ur G esskickte d er S tadt A nkara i m A ltertum. A nkara: Turk Tarik K urumu.

1 924

A sia M inor 1 924. I . M onuments f rom I conium, L ycaonia a nd I sauria. J RS 1 4 : 2 4 -8 4.

1 975

Türk Ta4 K öprüleri. Türk Tan k Kurumu.

L e B as, W .H.

P k.

B ittel,

K .

B ossk,

Y e W addington,

E .

B uckler, W .H.,

W .M . y e C ox,

Q ulpan,

C .

C alder,

C .W.M .

1 0

A A:

2 56 .-

A nkara:

D abrowa,

E .

1 976

L es v oles r omaines d 'Asie M ineure d epuis M anius A quillus j usqu'ä M ars Aurble. E tudes e t T ravaux. ( Polonya) I X: 1 30-141.

v on D iest,

Wv e A nton, M .

1 895

N eue F orschungen i n n ordwestlichen K leinasien. G otha. ( Pet. M itt. E rg. kft. 1 16).

v on D iest,

W .

1 898

V on T ilsit n ach A ngora. G otha. ( Pet. M itt. E rg. 1 25).

kft.

D örner,

F .K.

1 941

I nschriften u nd D enkmäler a us B itkynien. B erlin. ( Ist. F orsch. 1 4).

F rench,

D .H.

1 967

P rehistoric S ites i n N orthw est A natolia, I . T he I znik A rea. A nat. S t. 1 7: 4 9-100.

1 974

A S tudy o f R oman R oads i n A natolia. A nat. S t. 2 4: 1 43-149.

t

t

1 976

R esearches o n R oman M iles tones a nd R oads i n 1 974. T ürk A rk. D erg. 2 3-1: 5 1-54.

f t

t

1 980

T he R oman R oad S ystem o f A sia M inor. A NRW 1 1.7. 2 i erisinde, s . 6 98-729. ( top. T emporini, H . v e H a a s e, W .). B erlin: d e G ruyter.

I i

" V .

1 973

A nkara. A g uide t o t he C ity a nd D istrict. A nkara.

1 950

T he Offical C oinage o f T iberius i n G alatia. N C ( Ser. 6 ) 1 0: 4 3-48. -

1 896

A natoliscke A usflüge.

1 964

R oman S enators i n C appadocia. A nat. S t. 1 4: 1 63-168.

1 970

P odandus a nd t he V ia T auri. A nat. S t. 2 0: 1 49-153

1 972

S ome I nscriptions o f R oman C appadocia. V II. T ürk T arik K on r esi i erisinde, s . 1 601 5 . A nkara. T urk T arik Kurumu.

G rant,

M .

v on d er G oltz, H arper,

t

d ig.

R .P.

U

W .L.C.

1 1

B erlin.

H ead,

B .V.

H eberdy,

H ild,

1 911

H istoria Nummorum.

1 896

x eisen i n K ilikien u nd S üd-pkrigien. V iyana. ( Denkschr. Kais. Akad. W ien 4 6, A bk. V I).

1 977

D as b yzantinische S trassens ystem i n K appadokien. V iyana. ( T.I.B. 2 ).

E .

1 939

1 1

1 943-3

La L iste o riginale d es P bres d e N icee. B yzantion 14: 1 7-76. T he O riKinal L ists o f t he 2 1 embers o f t ie C ouncil o f N icaea. B yzantion 1 6: 2 0-83.

R .

v e W ilhelm,

F .

H onigmann,

I mkoof-Blumer,

Jacopi,

F .

G .

H

d e J erpkanion,

Kraft,

K .

Langlois,

V .

G .

A .

Oxford.

1 923

F luss- u nd M eergötter a uf g riechiscken u nd r ömiscken M ünzen. R ev. S uiss d e N um. 2 3: 1 74-421.

1 938

E splorazioni e S tudi i n P aphlagonia e C appadocia. B olletino d el R eale I nstituto d i A rckeologia e S toria d ell'Arte 8 : 3-4 3.

1 939

E splorazione e S tudi i n P aflasonia e C appadocia. R oma.

1 928

M élanges d 'Arski eologie A natolienne. M el. U niv. J os. 1 3: 1 -332.

S t.

1 972

D as S ystem d er kaiserzertl icke M ünzprägung i n K leinasien. B erlin. ( Ist. F orsck. 2 9).

1 854

I nstriptiones d e C ilicie. P aris.

1 861

V oyase d ans l a C ilicie. P aris.

Lejean,

G .

1 869

E xcursion ä l a r eckercke d e G ordium ( Asie M ineure). B ull. S oc. G eorg. P aris. S er. V .17 ( no. 1 ): 6 2 -6 6 v e k arita.

Levick,

B .

1 967

S ome c oins a nd i nscriptions o f C olonia C omama. NC 7 : 2 9 -3 5.

1 2

L evick,

B .

L uttwak,

E .N.

M acpherson,

M agie,

I .W.

D .

1 969

C ara:allays p ath. H ommages 1 M arcel Renard I I, s . 4 264 46. ( Collection Latomus 1 02). B rüksel.

1 976

T he G rand S trategy o f t he R oman E mpire. B altimore: J ohns H opkins U niv. P ress.

1 954

R oman R oads a nd M ilestones o f G alatia. A nat. S t. 4 : 1 11-120.

1 958

N ew E vidence f or t he S tudy o f t he H istorical G eography o f G alatia. T art. C ambridge.

1 950

R oman Rule i n A sia M inor v e I I. P rinceton. U niv. P ress.

I

Mansel,

A .M.

1 972

Z ur Lage d es H annibalgrabes. A A. 2 57-275.

M endel,

G .

1 900

I nstripticns d e B itiynie. B CH 2 4: 3 61-426.

M errigi,

P .

1 963

T erzo v iaggio a natolico. Oriens A ntiquus 2 : 2 75 -2 99.

M iltner,

F r.

1 936

H aymana c ivarinda b ulunan y eni k itabeler. T TAED 3 : 9 1 -9 9.

R .

1 921

I nscriptions G recques e t Latines d u M us t ie d 'Adana. S yria 2 : 2 07-220.

1 905

G riechische u nd l ateinische I nschriften a us S yrien, M esopotamien u nd K leinasien. B Z 1 4: 1-72.

1 929

E xplorations i n C entral A natolia. S eason o f 1 926. C hicago. ( 0IP 5 ).

1 937

T he A lishar Hüyük. S easons o f 1 930-32. I II. B ölüm. C hicago, ( 0IP 3 0).

1 862

E xploration d e l a G alatie I ,

M outerde,

v on Oppenkeim, L ucas, H .

M .

v on d er O sten,

H .H.

T i

i t

P errot,

i t

G .

I t

Y.

d ig .

v e

I I.

1 3

P aris.

Ramsay,

W .M.

R obert,

S arre,

L .

F .

1 890

T he H istorical G eography o f A sia M inor. L ondra: R oyal G eog. S oc. S uppl. P apers I V).

1 893

A siana.

1 903

C ilicia, Tarsus a nd t he G reat T aurus Y ass. G eog. 2 2: 3 57 -4 13.

B CH 2 2:

J AI

2 33-240.

7 .

J .

1 904

L ycaonia. 5 7 -1 32.

B eibl.:

1 907

T he C ities o f S t. L ondra.

P aul.

1 908

P auline a nd O ther L ondra.

S tudies.

1 916

C olonia C aesareia ( Pisidian A ntioch) i n t he Augustan A ge. J RS 6 : 8 3 -1 34.

1 937

E tudes A natoliennes.

1 940

I nscriptions d e B ithynie. PEA 4 2: 3 02 -3 22.

1 955

H ellenica X .

1 962

V illes d 'Asie M ineure. ( 2 i nci b aski).

1 967

S ur l ee i nscriptions Rev. P hil. 4 1: 7 -84.

1 896

( 1) R eisen i n P krygien, L ykaonien u nd P isidien. A EMO 1 9: 2 6-57.

P aris.

P aria. P aris.

d 'Ephi ese

( 2) R eisen i n K leinasien. S ommer 10 1 95. B erlin. S .

1 974

N eufunde v on a ntiken I nschriften i n N icomedia ( Ißmit) u nd i n d er U mgebuni d er S tadt. ( Diss. M ünster).

i t

l t

1 975

N eue I nschriften v on d er b ithynischen H albinsel. Z PE 1 8: 2 7 -4 8.

P t

I t

1 978

B ith/nische S tudien. H abelt ( IGSK 7 ).

a l tin,

1 4

B onn:

S tarr,

S .

1 979

K atalog d er a ntiken I nschriften d es Museums v on I znik ( Nikaia). I znik M üzesi a ntik y azitlar k atologu. B onn: Habelt ( IGSK 9 ).

S .F.

1 962

T ke A ncient R oads o f A sia M inor: E xpedition 1 961. N ew Haven: Y ale U niversity ( Xerox).

1 963

N ouvelles 6 glises r upestres d e C appadoce. Paris.

1 908

R ecueil d es M onnaies G recques I . Paris. ( 2 i nci b aski).

T h.

1 908

I nslhriften a us d er L evant. AM 3 3: 1 45-160.

W .

1 898

I nscriptions f rom E astern A sia M inor. J HS 1 8: 3 06-327.

T hierry,

N .

W addington,

W iegand,

Y orke,

V .

v e M .

W .H.

v .

d ig.

15

HACI Y OLU Ba n _ k ieiler C onstantinopoliseden A ngyra'ya, o rar tan d a T arsus, A ntiockia'ya y e d aka ö tede J erusalem ( Kudüs)'e d ek uzanan y olun, R oma ( ; agi'nda K ügi ik A sya'nin a na y olu o ldugu g örüeündedirler. Trafigin e sas o larak g üneye, A ntiockia'ya d ogru aktigini s avun an b u g örüe, k ismen g ergeklere d ayanir. O rnegin, s osyal y agam y e t igaret k ayati b akimindan b u g egerli b ir g örüe o labilir. Oysa, a skeri a gidan, d ot 'u'daki E upkrates ( Firat) l imes'lerine d ogru u zanan y olun b u i lk y ola k iyasla d aha ö nemli o labilecegini d üeündürücü n edenler v ardir. J erusalem' ( Kudüs) e k acca t ideb ilmek i gin kuekusus C onstantinopolis A ntioehia y olu b aelica k ara y olu i di. Ama b u y olun ö nem k azanmasi, 1 , oma C agiindan s onra, d ördüncü y üzyildan b u y ana, I mparatorlugun k ayatinda H ristiyanligin e tkinleemesi i le b azaar. O ysa m ilta lari, Kügük A syaida k i y ol e ebekesinin d a e ski o ldugunu y e e ebekenin e sas m imarlarinin F lavianlar o ldugunu k anitlar. 3 1 n edenle C onstantinopolis - A ntiogkia y olu, i lk e emada K ügük A syainin a na y olu o labilecek t ek b ir y ol b igiminde t asarlanma-i t ir. E sasinda y ol b irbirleri i le b irleeen iki a yri k esimden y apilm ietir: ( 1) A nsyra - C onstantinopolis, ( 2) A ncyra - Tarsus. A ncyra'da b aelayan b u i ki a yri y ola, k er i kiside d ogrudan d ogruya d oguida y er a lan l imes'lerdeki a laylarca kullanilin d urakl ara g iden ( 3) A ncyra M elitene y e ( 4) A ncyra - S atala y ollari e klenmietir. A ncyra b bylece y alniz i dari m erkez o larak d egil, y a R amsay t arafindan b enimsendiginse b ir ' dügüm' y a d a k arekets is s inirlar a rasina g izilmie b ir y ol e ebekesinin d ügüm n oktasl o larak, d ogrudan d ogruya b ir b aglanti m erkezi n iteliginde d e y orumlanmaga b aelamietir. Y olun b ir u zantisinin Via Tauri adini a ldigini g ok y akin z amand a ö grenmie o lmamiza r agmen, C onstantinopolis - A ncyra - T arsus y olunun i lk a dina n e yazili kaynaklarda n e d e s eyakatnamelerde rastlayamadik. Via Tauri a di d a t ek b ir b elgede, D odandus idan K ilikya k apilarina g iriete y er a lan b ir m iltaeinda L eger. I lk k es I tinerarium B urdigalense ( Itinerarium H ierosolymitanum y a d a J erusalem ( 5udüs) S eyakatnamesi a di i le b ilinen B ordeaux s eyakatnamesi) nde b u y ollarin J erusalem' ( Kudüs) e g iden Hasi y olu o lduAu s öylenmig, Ramsay b u i smi m eekur e tmie, b izde b u a di k abul e tmieisdir. Y olue y önü b ulunmue v e ü zerindeki t artiemalar yillarca s ürmüet ür. .1 ( 1) N icaea ( isnik) y akininda, ( 2) A ncyra' ( Ankara) r un g üneyinde Y e ( 3) T oroslar'da y ol y üzeyine y ayilmiq b ilgi v erici b irkag ö ge d ieinda u zun y ol kesimlerinin t opografyasi y alnisca y arsayimlara d ayandirilmletir. H atta ö nemli kesimleri g ösden g egirirken, g ergekten g özlemlenen i le i nanilarak y arsayim h alin e g etirilmie ° la m _ a yird e tmek b ile g ok z ordur ( örnegin Ramsay ( 1903) T oros g egidinde g ibi). S tarr' ( 1962) i n r aporlari b u k onuda k i e n i yi raporlardir g ünkü o y ollarin a yrintilarini y erirken g ergekten g ördükleri i le y arsayimlarini ayirmietir. E ski s eyakatnamelerde s aptanan y er i simleri e imdi g ördügümüz g ibi s aglam o lmayan t emellere d ayanmaktadir. ö rnegin, Osmanli y olunun R oma y olu b oyunea u zanan b ir g isgiyi i zledigi s anildig indan Tataion' un 4 y en i G eyve o larak s aptanmieti. Burada yine S tarr's P rincii.Le

( Starr'in Kurall)

1 6

( bk.

F rensk 1 974 ,

1 43,

b urada s . 3 5 d e, a lt k isimda b u p asaj e traflica t ekrarlanmiet ir) g egerlilik k azanir. B ir k ere g ergek y ol y üzeyi k eefedilir, k emen s onra ö ren y erlerinin y olun ü zerinde y a d a ö tesinde o l al arina g öre durumlari d ikkatlice i ncelenir, d ata s onra d a g erek g özlemlenen m odern b ilgilerin, g erekse e ski k aynaklarin l eiginda b ir d e erlendirme y apilir. Ö rnegin, s eyakatnamelerde y erilen u zakliklar a razide y apilan m odern ö lg i imlerle kareilaet irilip, k ontrol e dilebilir. E n i yi N ekilde C lassical M ap o f A sia M inorf(burada C MAM d iye k isaltilmietir) d a a nlatilan d aha e ski

g örüe

y e

f ikirleri k isaca e öyle

ö zetliyebiliriz:

( a)

t am y e k esin o lmayan b ilgiler n edeni i le N icomediafdan N icaeafya u zanan k esimin a nlaeilmasi n e k adar K üg o lursa o lsun C onstantino 00 ns v e N icaea a rasinda k i k oma y olunun t almini g izgisinden h ig b ir z aman ku ku d uyulmamietir;

( b)

N icaea - A ncyra k esimi o ndokuzuncu y üzyil Osmanli y olu b oyunca u zanmaktadir ( bu Osmanli y olunun b ae a ntic t aribi o naltinci y üzyila d ek i ner ? );

( c)

A ncyra - T yana k esimi b üyük ö lgüde, y ayinda v arsayim Y e g özlemlerin y eterli o larak a yrilmadiki A ndersonf un c allem alarina d ayanmaktadir;

( d)

T yana - T arsus k esimi y alnizca T oroslarfa d ogru o lan d in iki u cunda k uNkuludur;

( e)

T arsus - A ntiol thia y oiunun y önU o ldukga a giktir, o ysa k ügük i stisnalar d ieinda d o ruyu k esin o larak k anitlamak o lanaksizdir.

g egi-

i mdi y eni b uluelarin s onucu o larak g ün i eigina g ikarilan b ir R oma y olunun g özlemlenebilen kalintilari i le d aha ö nce v arsayim o larak i leri s ürülenler b irbirleri nden gok f arklidir. B u n edenl e ( a) y e ( d) e iklarinin d ieinda, b u e ski g örüelerin b üyük b ir b ölümünün y eniden düzenlenmesi g erekir. N icomedia ( Izmit), N isaea ( Iznik), A ncyra ( Ankara) v e Tarsus ( Tarsus) g ibi b üyük k entlerin v e C olonia A rchelais ( Aksaray), T yana ( Kemerkisar) y e M opsuestia ( Yakapinar - e ski m isis) g ibi b azi k ügük k entlerin s aptanmasinda n ig b ir z aman kugkuya d Us: :1m emigtir. Anderson ( 1899, p assim) s eyahatnamelerde k i b elgelere d ayanarak k endisinden s onra y apilan a raetirmalar s onucunda b ile g egerlili ini y itirmeyen b irkag ö neride b ulunmayi b aearmieti. G erisi, ( rnegin e n e ski t opografya g aliemalari, b ui t in k anitlan abilecek y anliglarla d olu c tur. F u g aligmalara s aygi d uyulmali a ma g aliemalar e fendice, k imseyi kirmadan t ekrar g özden g egir ilmelidir.

Y AZILI 1 .

BELGELER

S eyakatnameler

( a)

I tinerarium Antonini

( top.

( b)

I tinerarium Burdigalense

C unt z1 929,

( top.

17

2 0)

C untz 1 929,

1 39-146 9 1-93)

5 71-581

( e )

T abula

( d)

I tinerarium C appadociae

P eutingeriana

( CIL V I. B k. 2 .

Tablo

( tot.

M iller 1 916

( top.

M iller

y e 1 962)

1 916,

LXXIII)

5 076)

1 -12.

A ntik K aynaklar

B unlarda b elgeler d akinik d urumdadirlar y e b ir b ile h irbirini i zleyen a giklamalara r atlanmaz. r a rv 3lar ( a)

( b)

t opladim.

N icaea - S angarius

X XVI.

t ek kaynak d a ' 1 2 . en b azi r efe-

b blgesi:

M S 2 , -65 :

A mmianus Marcellinus

8 .3 f f. I uliopolis - L agania/Anastasioupolis:

T heodori,

M S

5 75:

V ita S .

p assim.

( c)

Tarsus - A ncyra

X XV.

1 0.10.

( d)

T arsus:

- N icaea:

M S 4 00:

E geria

M S 3 63:

( top.

A mmianus M arcellinus

P rinz 1 960)

X XIII.

6 -7.

E ski k aynaklarda b irkag y erin a di t ek b aeina g eger, ö rnegin, G orbeous g ibi a ma b unlar t opografik o larak y ararli o lamazlar.

A RKEOLOJIK B ELGELER 1 . ( a)

Y ol y üzeyi Y ön

( karita 2 -7)

I stanbul y e I zmit a rasinda ( Constantinopolis'den Nicomedia 'ya) b ir R oma y olunun m addi kalintisi o lacak h igbir e ey b ulamadim. G ebze'den T ayeanlidere k öprüsüne ( Mansel 1 972, 2 68 y e e ek. 7 ) g iderken, G ebze'nin d o u t arafindan a yrildiktan g ok kisa b ir s u re s onra, m odern k arayolunun g üneyinde b ir k aldirimin k isa u zantisi ( örnegin t as d öeeli b ir Osmanli y olu) g özlemlenir. P en b urada b undan d aha e ski b ir y ol y apisi b ulamadim. Ama b u, o lasilikla Osmanli y olunun R oma y olunu i zlemesinden ö tUrüdür. B u y örede h ig i r arazi g aliemasi y apmadi h _m g ibi C onstantinop olisiden N icomedia'ya u zanan R oma y olunun t ahmini g izgisi h oyunca y er a lan ö ren y erlerini s aptamaya d a y eltenmedim. B ölge M anse] . ( 1972) t arafindan e n i yi e ekilde ü e erlendirilmietir. I zmit'den I znik ' ( Nicomediaidan N icaea 1y a) e u zanan y olun y önü, h erzaman g örülmese b ile b elirgindir. B en i zmit'den s onra R oma y olunun m odern k arayolunu i zledigini y e k öprülerle ( bir t anesi k ala a yaktadir : B aeiskale, b k. s . 31 i n o rta isi ) g e itli k ügük n ekirlerin ü stünden g egip, s onugta m odern y ol g izgisinin g üney inden k iyrilip, d üzenli o larak I ksaniye'ye u laetikini s anirim. I ksaniye'den g üney-batiya u zanan b ir O smanli k aldirimi Kazikd ere y a d a B eyogludere y adisine d o ru y ükselir y e S enaiye'ye e rieir. V adide y olun h em R oma k emde Osmanli g agina a it y üzeyl eri a raliklarla g özlemlenir. C ok i yi k orunmue o lan Osmanli

1 8

k aldirimi S enaiye'den g üneye u zanir, A yvaea d aginin y amaglarini a eip, y aklaelk o larak O smaniye'nin 1 .50 km. g üneyinde b ir y erd e y ön d egietirir v e g üneygüney-batiya, S ariagil'a d ogru R oma y olununda b u g izgiyi i zlemesi o lasidir. S ariagi rdan s onra m odern n ose y üzeyinin t am U zerinde k i b ir d üzlükte, m odern y olu n d ogu y amacini k esen R oma y olu g ok b elirgin o larak g örülür; y aklaeik o larak S ariagil'in 2 .25 km. ö tesinde, m odern e osenin b atisinda, y ol y üzeyinin, om irgasinin v e k enar t aelarinin g ok i yi k orundugu g örülür. S ariagi rdan y aklaeik o larak 2 .75 k m. u zaklikta v e O rkaniye'nin y aklaeik o larak 4 .00 km. k uzeyinde ? oma y olu I znikie d ek g özden k aybolur v e b enim g örebildieim k adari l ie d e h ig b ir i ze r astlanmaz. I znigin ö tesinde, m odern y ol g izgisi R oma y olu g izgisini g ok y akindan i z l e r .I znik - M ekece y olunun g üney k enarinda k i t arl alarda e nder o larak k isa u zantilar h alinde t aelara r astlanir. I znik - O smaneli y olunda A eagi A kgapinar k avlaginda y üzey k alint ilari g ok a qik o larak g örülür. A dapazari b ileeik k arayolunda k i k aveaktan ( ye G öksu ü zerinde k i T aeköprü'de) y aklaeik o larak 4 .00 km. d e k aya k esikleri g ok i yi k orunmuetur. R oma y olunun y üzeyi a eagiya, d agin g üney y amacina d ogru a ralikli o larak i zl enebilir. M odern y ol c izgisi a eaei y ukari e skiyi i zier. T Erek ö p r i i l ie G öksu'yu g egtikten s onra, G ölpazari b ölgesinde, M edetlitye d ek R oma y olunun t üm i zleri y ok o lur. B en y olun a gagi y ukari d uz b ir g izgi b igiminde u zandigini, O smaneli ( eski L efke) v e S elimiye'den g egip, S akarya i stasyonu ( eimdi kullanilmayan) y akininda S akarya ( eski 3 angarius) n ekrini ( belki t a, d öeeli b ir n ekir g egidi l ie ? ) a tigini s anirim. M odern a raba y olunun y önünün M edetli'nin y aklaeik o larak 0 .50 km. g üneyinde k i U yük v e M edetli k öy y ollarinin b irleetigi k aveaga d ek e ski y olu i zl emesi o lasidir. M edetlitden a eagida ( kuzey-batida) i nsitu o lan e n a z i ki m iltael ( Medetli 1 v e 2 ) b ulunmuetur. M edetli'den s onra R oma y olu g ok i yi d urumdadir; o vanin k uzey t arafinda k i t epelerin e tegi b oyunca u zanip, K araagag'in y akl aeik o larak 1 .50 k m. k uzey-doeusunda G ölpazari - V ezirkan e osesi l ie b irleeir. E ski v e y eni y ollarin h er ikiside d ar b ir v adi b oyunca yukari g iktiktan s onra G öluazari o vasina d ogru i nerler. R oma y olunun u zantilari a ralikli o larak m odern e osenin h er i ki t arafinda d a g örülür. Ovada d aka f azla i zlenemeyen R oma y olu g izgisi, G ölpazari'nin d ogusunda v e b atisinda a raba y olu o larak k orunmugtur. G ölpazar itnin d ogusunda N eginler v adisinde k i y öre h alki t aeyol y a d a B agdat jolundan s öz e derler. B urada b en k ig b ir i ze r astlamadim. ß en r aporlarin d ogruluiunu v e I c oma y olunun ö nce N eginler v adis ine d ogru y ükseldigini, S arikacilar'in a ltinda k i b oynu g egt ikten s onra Akgapinar'in a ltinda ( güneyinde) b ir b aeka v adiye g irdigini v e s on o larak d a K ilcilerin y aklaeik o larak 3 .50 k m. b atisinda k i Q akirlar'in ü stUnde s ulari g egtigini s anirim. B u g egidin g üney-dogusunda g aya b akan, t ek b aeina d uran b ir t eped e t arik ö neesi v e a ntik g aglardan k alma b ir ö ren y en i v ardir. B agdat y olu y a d a U lu y ol b ir g izgi o larak d evam e der v e K öst ekler'in kuzeyinde k i s irtta b ulunan b ir b oyuna d ogru g ider. Kayabael ( modern k öy y aklaeik o larak 1 .00 k m. g üney-doguya

1 9

t aeinmigtir) y akininda k i b u s irti g egtikten s onra Ba 4at y olu H immetoglu d eresine d ogru a lgalir, K azandere i le d aka yukarida ( ; atakgaylina u laeir. B en b urada h ig b ir i z k öremedim. Roma y olunun m odern g ose i le a eagi yukari a yni g izgi ü zerinde o ldugu s anisindayim. G ergi R immetoglu'nun y aklaelk o larak 2 .00 km. d ogusunda, y olun i yi k orunmue b ir u zEntisi g örülür; bu A hmetb eyler'in a ltinda ki n ekir z egidine d ek d o , guya d ogru u zanir, s onra y ok o lur. Nallikan'a d ek g ergekten k ig b ir i ze r astlanmaz. B u yörenin y erlileri D emirhanlarldan g elen B agdat y olu y a d a U luyol'un K izildere'yi a elp E ricek 'e, o radan d a E ricek'in ü stünde k i v ad iyi g egip, n ekrin b oealtma h avzasi ü zerinden m odern i l s inirin a g irdigini v e S ubagii(eski Q iye) n m na ltindan K arakisar v adisine d ogru a lqaldigini s ' 7 3ylerler. K arahisar'in i lerisinde y ol q iigisi t ine m odern e ose i le a gagi y ukari a yni y erden g eger. E nder o larak y ol o lasillgi o lan i zler g özlemlenir ama b unun k esinlikle y ol o lduAunu k anitlayacak y ol y üzeyine a it u zun p argalar g örülmez. R oma y olu N allihan'in b atisinda b elki d e N allikan'da n ein ia ear v e Nallikan - S aricakaya y olunda m odern y ol köprüsünün a ltindan g egip e imdi d en n o yuk )arla k apli v adiye u zanir. G özlemlenebil en i lk i ßler e ski Ankara e osesi ü zerinde, Nallikanlin y aklaeik o larak 3 .10 km. d oeusunda k i b ir s irtin ü zerindedir. R oma y olu b uradan A nkara'nin b atisinda, y aklagik o larak 2 0 km. u zakliktak i b ir n oktaya d ek g u y a d a b u e ekilde s ürekli o larak i zlenebil ir. Roma y olu g izgisi

m odern k arayolunu y akindan

i zler.

4;agsiz,

a gik a razileri g egtikten s onra m odern y oldan C ; ayirkan'in y aklaelk o larak 8 .00 km. b atisinda k i b ir n oktada a yrilir ( burada, y ol u zantisi ü zerinde i n s ite o larak Q ayirhan 1 y e Q ayirhan 2 m iltaelari y ardie v e g üney-doguya d ogru u zanip, e imd i S arlyar b arajinin s ulari a ltinda k alan S arilar köprüsünde S akarye 'nin b üyük k ollarindan A ladag g ayini L eger. Burada t arik ö ncesi ' ' y e antik g aglara a it b ir ö ren y en i v ardir. R oma y olu e imdi m odern l oseye d ogru kuzeye g en id öner, m odern e ose i le b irlegip d ar b ir v adiyi g eger a ma l er nen a rkasindan m odern y oldan ayrilip g üney-doguya K ayabükü g iftligine d ogru d evam e der. G irmir g ayinin b ir t arafinda k i v adide i n s itu o larak b ir m il t ail ( Qayirkan 3 ) b ulunur. G irmir g ayinda ki g egit k orunmamietir ( ben b urada t ag d öeeli b ir g egit d egilde b ir k öprü o ldugunu z annederim). R oma y olu G irmir g ayindan, Kirbagi'na g iden m odern y olun d a i sledigi v adi kenarina t irmanir ama Tacettin'in y aklagik o larak 0 .5 k m. b atisinda v adinin b aqina e rieip yön d egietirir y e l er nen l er nen d üz o larak d oguya, D ikmen H öyüge ( Dikmen köyünün y aklaelk o larak 8 .80 km. g üneyinde) d ogru g ider. Burada d a t arih ö ncesi y e antik g aglara a it b ir ö ren y en i v ardir. Tacettin'in h em a ltinda h em d e ü stünde R oma y olunun p ek g ok i zine ratlanir. D ikmen h öyük'den s onra R oma y olu ( burada g ok i yi k orunmue d urumda) d algall b ir ovadan g egip d ogruca P eril c lrt1l e g ider

2 0

v e P erli Q iftlik'den w adi'de, O ltan'in ( batisinda) y aklaeik o larak 4 .50 km. u zakliginda b ir y ere d ogru a deta d ümdüz b ir g izgi

b igiminde i ner.

P oma y olu, w adi'den B algigegi d ogru e gimli t oprakl ardan L eger v e b uradan A nkara - N a lihan k arayolu l ie P olatli y olu kaveagindan y aklaelk o larak 1 .30 km. u zaklikta P olatli y olu l ie b irleeir. B uraya d ek Roma y üzeyi k alintilari s ürekli o larak i zlenebilir. A yae'in h em d o usunda h em d e b atisinda k aybolan y ol, A yae'in y akla t eik o larak 3 .30 km. d o usunda k i b ir n oktaya d ek ( meekur b ir g eemenin y arn .) a rtik h ig g örblmez. B urada R oma y olu m odern k arayolunu k t ,ser. B uradan i lyagut ü zerinde k i v adiye d o ru, y üksek a raziden e gip, s iralar h alind e k i s irtlari a earak, i yi i nea e dilmie k avis v e y ilankAvi d önüelerle k öyün ( antik b ir ö ren y en i ? ) y aklasik o larak 1 .90 k m. k uzey-batisinda b ir y erde i lyaeut ü zerinden v adiye ; irer. R oma y olu b u k öyden s onra v adinin i ginden z eger. A vdan C iftliee ( ören y en ) d ek m odern b ir a raba y olu g örünümündedir. Y ol Y eregiren ç ift1i i r x y aklasik o larak 1 .00 km. k uzeyinde d oeu u eu g ok i yi k orunmue, t ae d öeeli b ir n ehir g egidi l ie M urtad g ayini a ear. S usuz v e A nkara'ya d ogru R oma y olunun y üzey k alintilari y avae, y avae o rtadan k alkmaga b aelar, y ol g izgisi i se t amamen k aybolur. Y olun i zledigi y önün, G akirlar C iftlik'den L egerek m odern A nkara'nin m erkemine g elen e ski a raba y olu ( eski h arital arda g österildigi g ibi) l ie a yni o lmasi o lasidir. R oma y olunun m odern D ikmen C addesi b oyunca A nkaralyi t erketmesi v e m odern A nkara - K onya k arayolunda k i D ikmen s irtindan g egmes i o lasidir. B in ö ren y erinin b ulundugu, Kepeklib 4az d iye a nilar i b oyunda k ala b azi i zler g örülebilir ( ya d a 1 974 H aziran'i o rtalarina d ek b urasi b uldozer l ie k azilmadan ö nce g örülebilird i). G ölbaellnin y aklaelk o larak 2 .20 km. g üneyinden Z edit H öyÜge ( Sariküyük k öyünde) d ek e men, k e r nen s ürekli k orunmue, s ik s ik d a o ldukga i yi d urumda o lan y ol y üzeyi kalintilari £ özlem1enir ( fotograf: A kiboz'un k uzey k enarinda k i R oma y olu; g üneye d ogru: F renck v . d i ., 1 973, 7 h Y olun y önü y avaega h emen e men t amamen agagsiz v e b üyük d o al e ngellerin o lmadigi d algali y ümeyli yüksek y aylalara d öner. R oma y olu s irtlardan v e t epelerden azami d erecede y ararlanma o lasiligi o lan yüksek a raziye d ogru d evam e der, b öylelikle d e g amurlu v e b ataklik arazide b akim, a kaglama, i kinci d erecede o narim g ibi t üm y il b oyunca s ürecek s orunlardan u zak k alir. T arih ö ncesi v e k lasik g ag y erleemesinin o ldugu S arihöyük'don h ala i yi d urumda o ldu u g örülen Roma y olu, Tuz G ölülnün kuzey inde k i kirag v e k aynaksiz t opraklardan u zak k alarak d o2 ,uya d ogru g ider. Yagellar ( eimdi Hirfanli B arajl'nin s ulari a ltind a k alan) y akininda, K izilirmak'a u laeana d ek y ol g üneye d öner. B uradan t ekrar g üneye u zanip, t an k ö ncesi v e antik g ag yerleem elerinin b ulundugu D egirmenyolu' ( eski Parlasan) n a d ek d osdog "ru g ider. D egirmenyolu'nun g üneyinde y ol g ok i yi k orunmuetur v e b u i yi d urumundan ö türü d e P egeneközü v adisinin i gine akana d ek S eymenli a ltinda k i i nieli, y okuelu t epelik a raziden L eger.

2 1

P egeneközü v adisinde t üm i zler y ok o lur. A ksaray'in d ogusuna d e in y üzey h ig g örülmez. t i ndan s onra Roma y olunun P egeneközüsn e d ogru g ittigi, s onra d a B oyalf v e Y eniyuval(eski Nurguz) y i g egtigi v arsayilfr. B u b ana g öre o lasiligi y üksek b ir v arsayimd ir t üm b u u zaklfk b oyunca u zanan v e y öre h alki t araffndan B agdat y olu d iye n itelendirilen b ir y ol u i v ardfr. S tarrein i earet e ttigi g ibi b u t erim g ok e nder o larak e ski t ae d öeeli y ollar i gin k ullanilir. A kzaray'in d ogusunda y ol t ekrar g örülür v e e men e men h ic k esin, t iye u gramadan h emerhisar'a y ani e ski T yana'ya u laefr. ( ; ogunlug unu k iregtalindan d üz s frtlarin v e s arp u gurumlarla s inirli a lgak, g enie, y assi-dipli v adilerin o lueturdugu a razi burada y ol i gin g ok u ygundur. Ortada, N enezi D ag] . g evresinde i se v olk anik b ir b ölge y er a lfr. k or na y olu N enezi l agf'nfn d ogusundan g eger v e l ay b irikintilerinden o luemue b fr s frti a etiktan s onra b üyük, d üz G ölsük o vasina i ner. Y ol k esintisiz o larak o nce Y azfköyüge ( tarik ö ncesi v e a ntik y erleeme y en ), b uradan G ölc üge v e s onra Y eniköy ( Andaval K ilisesiinin y en ) ü zerinden k er nen h emen N eveekir - N igde a rasinda b ugün u zanan m odern k aray olu l ie a yni g isgide d evam e derek N i de'ye g eh r. Nigde K emerkisar ( eski Tyana) a rasinda a razi d üz, e ngebesizdir. T yana g ayfnin k aynaginda t am K öekpinarlin d ogusunda v s k emerli s u y olunun b aelnda, y ol k iregtael b ir s frttan i ner v e a lüvyonlu o vanin a ltinda k aybolur. K emerkisar'dan g üneye d ogru o vada g öze g örünen k ig b ir k alintf y oktur ama T oroslar'in e teklerine e rieen b ir y ol y üzeyi k emen g öze g arpar. Y ol g izgisi N igde - T arsus k arayoluna kadar m odern y ol g izgisi i le a yni y erde u zanir. R oma y olu S almanli y akfninda, k arayolunun y aklaeik o larak 3:01e.güneyinde b ir n okt ada K avuklusnun d ogusunda k i t epelere d ogru t frmanmaga b aelar v e g eeitli m eyiller, e gimler a eip y flankgvi g izgiler g izerek Emincik'in y aklaeik o larak 1 .50 km. d ogusunda K ozluca v adisinin t abanina g irer. Buradan d üz o larak B aemakgi' ( eski F austin000lis) y a g ider. N e k adar e aeirtfci o lursa o lsun R oma y olu g ergekten Kirkgegit v adisine ( ya d a v adi g egidine) i ner. B en b u y olun y alnfzca a z b ir b ölümünü b ulmayf b aeardim. Kirkgegit, C Afteaanlin yaklaefk o larak 6 .00 km. d ogusunda v e H oloz k avea f y akininda e sas v adi l ie y ani g akft v adisi l ie b irleeir. R oma y olu b üyük b ir ° Iasil ikla K ilikya K apflarfinin g üneyine, ç amaian y akinfnda ki M ezaroluk'a d ek m odern k arayolu g izgisini i zler. M odern y ol y apimellarinin b iraktiklarf d ikey k . esik i zlerinde v e y atay k esitlerde e nder o larak e ski y ol i zlerine r astlanir. Haha a yakt a o lan e n e ski b eige, m odern y olun ( batf t araffnda ki) ü zerind e k i y amagta k aya k esitleri l ie kanftlanfr ( Ramsay' ( 1903, 3 75) in ye ondan öncekilerin gözlemledigi g ibi). M ezarolugun h em a ltinda, h em d e ü stündeki t arlalarda Roma y olu b ir t ae s frasi k alinde i zlenir. M ezarolugun y aklaeik o larak 2 .00 km. g üneyinde, e imdi r esmi adf G ülek n l in Qa1Plan'In y A t lagk o larak 6 .00 km. g üneyinde R oma y olu m odern A nkara - Tarsus y olundan a yrflfr. M odern y ol G üynük q ayf b oyunca d oguya d ogru g iderken, R oma y olu g üneye Tarsus'a g ogru o ldukga d üz o larak i ner. B atida T arsus n ein il ie d oguda G öynük g ayi a rasinda ki s irtta y ol i zleri g özlemlenir. 22

T arsusedan

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u zunluku b oyunca y ol y t izeyini o turtmak i gin k ompleks b ir t meli n y apildielni akla g etirecek h ig b ir i ze r astlanmaz. S inir y a d a k enar t aelarinin d oerudan d oeruya t oprak y üzeyine y erleetir ildiei g örülür; b unlari y erleetirmek i gin g ukur a gilmie o labil eceeini g österen h ig b ir k anit y oktur. S inir y a d a kenar t a l an u zunlukta, 7 5 cm. genielikte ye 30 cm. kalinliktadir. Yaygin b oyutlari b unlar o lmasina r ag ;men d a a k ügük b oyut1L, , rda k i t aelarinda s ik , s lk kullanildiel g örülür. Kenar t aelari y erleetirhldikten s onra b unlarin i rasina, g ine t oprak y üzeyi üzerine, d öeemeyi o lueturadak yaklaelk o larak 2 0 s m. b oyutunda k ügük t am y e kayalar yerleetirilir. B u j olgu t a larin konduku g ibi, y ol y üzeyinin o rtasina d a y olu t ümleyiei b ir öee o larak b ir s ara t ae y a d a ' omurga' yapilir. Omurgayi o lueturan t aelar g enellikle d öeeme t aelarindan b üyük b oyutlardadir y e ekseriyetle b ir y üzleri üzerine o tururlar. Omur a h er z aman y olun t am c rtas ini i klemeyebilir ama b u y anlie n e b üyüktür n e d e t utarsizdir. S ematik

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Y olun g enieligi n ormal k ogullarda, ö rnegin e lverieli a razide a sla 6 .50 m .den a z d egildir. H atta b a s si ö rneklerde 10 m .ye y akindir. E lverigli o lmayan a razide i se, ö rnegin d ik y amagli d ar v adilerde y a d a s et g ereksinmesi d uyulmug y erlerde y olun g enieligi a zalir. B u k esimlerde k i y ol g enisligi h akkinda h ig b ir k esin ö lgü v erilemez ( günkü b ozulmadan k orunabilmig h ig b ir k esit y oktur), g egici o larak b elki y aklaelk o larak 3 .00 - 3 .50 m . g enielikte o ldugu i leri s ürülebilir. B en n ormal b ir y olun g enieli f l _ne e git b ir köprü ya d a a lti d oldurulmue, t ag d ögeli s ig n ehir g egidi b ilmiyorum. B azi köpr üler y aklaelk o larak 2 .50 - 3 .00 m . g eniglikte y ani y oldan d aka d ar, b azilari i se d aka g enigtir. A lti d oldurulmue, t ag d ögeli, s it, n ekir g egidi i slak t oprak ( bataklik ya d a s lg g öller) ü zerine y apildigindan t ag d öeeli n ekir g egitleri g ibi n ormal y oldan d aha s aklam v e d aima d aka d ar yapilirlar: bk. g ek. 5 .

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Roma y olunun e n ü st t abakasi i stisnasiz o larak h er y erde y itikt ir a ma y üzeyi a üzeltmek i gin k ügük t ag, g akil h atta k um k ullan ildigi s anilir. Kazi y apmadan y olun o narim t arihi h akkinda k onuemak g ok z ordur. A nkara'nin g üneyinde k i A hiboz y akinlarinda m odern k arayolunun y apimi s irasinda a linan d ikey b ir k esitte g örülen Roma y olu k al intisi, s inir y a d a k enar t aelari a rasindaki b ölümün ( belki p ekigtirmek a maci i le) i ki k ez d olduruldugunu g österir ( French 1 980, 7 13, D iyagram 6 ). M iltaglarinda a lenen g egen " onarim" s özc i Uünün p ekietirmek, t akviye e tmek a nlamina k ullanilmasi o lasidir. ' Onariml s bzcüiün ün i lle d e y eni y ol g izgisi ü zerinde u zanan, y eni b ir y olu i ma e tmesine f erek y oktu. ' a n ovo r estituit', ' a s olo r estituit' g ibi t ümceler y a d a b enzer k elimelerin k ullanildigi m iltaelarind a b unlarin a maci b elki d e y olun t ümünün a yni y ol g izgisinde y eniden y apildi ini v urgulamakti. ' restituit' s özcüüü n eyi i fade e diyordu? Y üzeyi m i, y olu m u, m iltagini m i y oksa y ol d üzenini m i? B ilinen f ormüller ' viam r estituit', ' milia r estituit', ' transitum r estituit', ' viam p ublicam r estituit' g ibi t ümeeleri k apsar. ' Onarim' k onusu K ügük A sya m iltaei k orpusunun b itiminden s onra b aeka b ir y erde a yrintili o larak t artiellacaktir. D aha, a yakta k alan kalintilarin g özlenmesine, b undan s onra d a g ünümüze d e in u laean t üm f ormüllerin i ncelenmesine g erek v ardir.

2 . ( a)

Y azitlar M iltaelari

B en b ildigim m iltaglarini g öre t opladim: B k. ( b) B k. ( c)

Ek

s .

c aput v iae a rasinda k alan u zantilara

4 9-95 . ( Ineilizce m etinde)

Y ol Y azitlari Ek

s .

9 7-100. ( ingilizce m etinde)

G enel

B en ö zellikle H ari Y olundan, b u y olun y apimindan, b akimindan, d üzeninden v e i daresinden s öz e den h igbir y azili b eige b ulamad im. A ma R obert' ( 1955, 4 6-62 v e b ibliyografya) i n a gikladigi G ebze y azitinda b u y olda, t edarik e dilen h ayvanlar a racilig si l ie h izmet s a landiginin b elirtilmesi, y eterli b ir s onug o luet urur. Antik D acibyza g enellikle b u g ünkü G ebze o larak b elirlen ir: b urasi b elki d e H aci Y olu ü zerinde b ir m ansio idi.

2 6

3 . ( a)

ö ren Y erleri y e Anitlar O ren Y erleri C onstantinopolis - N icomedia B en h ig r i

b ir

f özlemde

i gin M ansel

( 1972)

b ulunmadim. y e

B u

b ölgede k i

b ren y erle-

b akiniz.

N icomedia - N icaea H isareyn:

H isareyn v e

s ahil

a rasinda,

ö ren y en ; y öresel a di H isar. B ibliyografya: 5 7 ahin 1 974,

t epe ü zerinde

b ir

7 2.

N icaea - I uliopolis ( 1) K aradin: k öyün g üneyinde, o vada b ir h öyük; t arih ö ncesi y erl e mesi, s ade-düz g anak g ümlekler y e Orta Q ag ( sirli) p argalari. B ibliyografya: F rench

1 967,

5 2 n o.

1 0.

( 2) M edetli: G bynük d eresi ü zerinde, e ski " Medetli K öprüsü" n e b akan b ir s irtin u cunda s urlarla g evrili k ügük b ir ö ren y en ; ö ren y en i Kale M evkii adini a lir v e k öyün y aklaeik o larak 4 k m. g üneygüney-dogusundadir; kueatma d uv an i m oloz t ae, g imento v e k iremitten; o murgali, d uz-sade g anak g ömlek ( 3) D ikenli G egit: V ezirhan'dan G ölpazari'na i den m odern y olun yaklapik o larak 5 0 m . k uzeyinde, A ea h S usuzla d önüe ünün y aklasik o larak 0 .60 km. b atisinda k .çük b ir y api(?) ( 4) G ölpazari: o vada, W isabanin yaklaeik o larak 3 km. b atisinda, k ügük b ir h öyük; z iyaret e dilmedi. ( 5) A ricaklar: k öyün y aklaeik o larak 1 .50 km. kuzeyinde, v adi i ginde b ir h öyük: k öy y olunun d ogu t arafinda; t arik ö ncesi v e s ade-duz g anak g ömlek k alintilari. Aricaklar'da k i e ski kalintilar i gin: b ak. M endel 1 900, 4 01; v e R obert 1 940, 3 04 v e n o. 7 . ( 6) K ileiler: Q akirlar i rmaginin d ogu kiyisina b akan, t ek b ir kaya ü zerinde k i ö ren y en ; k öyün y aklaeik o larak 2 km. b atigüney-batisinda v e Q akirlar i rmaginin üzerinden g egen k öprünün y aklaelk o larak 2 km. g üney-dogusunda; k iremitler, t arih ö ncesi, H ellenistik v e s ade-düz y apitlar. ( 7) S arilar K öprü: d oguda h afif, b atida d ik e gimli, u zun, k lregtaeindan b ir s irtin u cunda y er a lan b ir ö ren y en ; y erleelm a laninin ( sirtin d ogusunda e n y ogun) kuzey u cu s urla g evrili; m imari p argalar, kiremitler; t arik ö ncesi, F rig, H elenistik, R oma ( sade-duz y apitlar) v e Orta Q . 92 g ( sirli y apitlar) g anak g ömlek p argalari. S irtin e tegi e imd i S ariyar b arajinin s ulari a ltinda; e skiden ö ren y eni A ladag g ayin d ogu k iyisinda g özlemlenebilirdi; h em g ayin k iyisi h em d e ö ren y en i e imdi k ayip; S arilar Köprüsü d e. B ibliyografya: A nderson 1 898, 6 5 ( Eskipehir). 2 7

I uliopolis - A ncyra ( 1) D ikmen Höyük: D ikmen k öyünün y aklasik o larak 8 .80 k m. g üneyind ( , k i y üksek o valarda y er a lan b ir h öyük; ö ren y eni y aklasik o larak 5 00 m .eg apinda b üyük b ir y erlesme v e yklas ik o larak 1 00 x 7 m . b ovutlarindaki b ir t arih ö neesi i l öyü t inü k ueatmakta; m imari p rqa1ar, k iremitler; t arih ö ncesi, F rig, H elenistik v e R oma ( sade) ç nak g ömlek p argalari; t ung b ir G alatya s ikkesi? ( Ankara m üzesi n o. 7 9-73-2035 a rka y üzünde ( ?) EIIIBEAC] i ki a rslan a rasinda o turan Kybele). B ibliyografya:

F rench

v .

d ig.

1 973, 8 1.

( 2) B algigek U ftli d yakininda, U gurgay v adisinde b ir ö ren y en : B algigek y aklasik o larak 1 .50 km. g üney-hatisinda a lgak b ir t ümsek ü zerine y ayilmis k iremit p argalari v e s ade-düz g anak g ömlek k iriklari.

( 3) C eeme: A yassin y aklaeik o larak 5 k m. k üzey-do ,1sund a, B aeayae v adisine d og 'ru g üneydo h lya b akan b ir t epe-kal esi; ö zellikle k uzey-bati v e g üney-dokuda y aklaeik o larak 3m . k alinlikta b ir k oruma d uvari; k uzey-dog 'u k ösede b ir k api; k uzey-dogu ( mezarlik ? ) y a u zanan v adide IT 2 ganak g ömlei ti; t epede k i k alenin i ginde F rig g anak g 6mlek p arg alari. ( 4) A yae b eli: B aeayaela g iden e osenin d ogusunda v e h emen y aninda k ügük b ir h öyük ( yaklaeik o larak 5 0 m . g ap inda); Ankara - Nallihan k arayolunun yaklaeik o larak 0 .70 km. g üneyinde; t epede L eg d evirlerden k alma d ikdörtg en t a t§ b ir yapi g örünmekte; t arih ö ncesi v e s ade-düz y apitlar. ( 5) t lyagut'un y aklaeik o larak 5 .40 km. batisinda ki vadid e b ir ö ren y en ; v adinin kuzey t arafinda, d ereye b akan, k ü ük b ir t epe ü zerinde t emel k alintilari g örünmekte; d üzs ade g anak g ömlek p argalari. ( 6) A vdan G iftlik: d _ a idi m odern g iftliA 'in a ltinda, o vada b ir h öyük; a lgak v e y ayvan, y aklaeik o larak 1 00 m . g apind a v e 1 .5 m . y ükseklikte; d üs-sade g anak g ömlek p argalari. ( 7) C akirlar Q iftlik: m odern y apilarin a ltinda kalmie b ir ö ren y en ; d üzlün k esilmi k iregtael b loklar; d üz-sade g anak g ömlek p argalari. ( 8) D örtpinar m evkii, g eeme: g e menln y aklasik o larak 5 0 m . k uzeyinde v e b elki d e k oma y olu o lan b ir y ol g izgis inin g üneyinde v e y aninda b ir h öyük; l ek p argalari.

Ancyra

s ade-düz g anak g öm-

C olonia Archelais

( 1) K epeklibogaz, D ikmen: 1 974 'de m odern y olun y apimi s irasinda b aetan b a f ea kesilmie, k ügük b ir ö ren yen ; D ikm en k avf eaA sinin t am k ar isinda k i n oktadan g egerken t epeyle y akin b ir y erde, m odern Ankara - K onya karayolunun b atisinc i tki k esitte yapi kalintilarivar; d üz-sade y apitlar.

2 8

( 2) O ulbey: A nkara - K onya k arayolunda, K ireehir k avea ln mn h emen g üneyinde v e b atisinda, t ek b aeina, kügük b ir k ayanin ü zerinde H elenistik g a0 .A a it b ir ö ren y en ; s ur d uvarindan b ir k ag p arga g örülmekte; d aha g eg g ag-c h i t k i y erleeme b at' e tekte y er a lmakta v e y aygmnhi i b ilinc lemekt e; H elenistik g ag y apitlari v e s ade-duz g anak g ömlek p arg alari. ( 3) D eliler g iftligi y aninda k i g eemede y er a lan ö ren y en ; D eliler g iftligi'nin y aklaeik o larak 5 k m. b atisind a k i g eemenin a ltinda k i y arikta b azi t ae y api k alintilar i g örünmekte; d üz-sade g anak g ömlek p argalari. ( 4) D eliler g iftlik: g enie v e d üz b ir v adinin k uzey k en arinda y er a lan b ir h öyük; t arih ö ncesi, F rig, H elenistik v e d üz-sade g anak g ömlek p argalari. ( 5) Y üreli: k öyUn y aklaeik o larak 1 .50 k m. g üneyinde, v ad inin d ibinde b ir h öyük; a lgak v e y ayvan, y aklaeik o larak 1 50 x 3 m . b oyutlarinda; H elenistik g ag g anak g ömlegi v e d üz-sade y apitlar.

( 6) T ekagil: m odern a raba y olunun v e R oma y olunun b atis inda k i atilin b atisinda v e y aninda b ir h öyük; S uyugüze ri n y akla l eik o larak 1 1.00 km. kuzeykuzey-batisinda; y aklae lk o larak 5 0 x2 m . ö lgülerinde; t arih ö ncesi g anak g öml egi v e d üz-sade y apitlar. ( 7) S uyugüzel: S ofular g ayinin g üney k iyisinda y er a lan b ir h öyük; k öye g iden e senin d ogusunda, k öyün y aklaelk o larak 2 .00 k m. t am k uzeyinde; t arih ö ncesi, H elenistik gag g anak g ömlegi v e d üz-sade g anak g ömlek p argalari. B ibliyografya: V on d er Osten 1 929, 1 43 v e f ig.222 v e 2 23 " Sofular H üyük". V on d er O sten 1 937, 4 31 " Suyugüzel". F rench v . d ik. 1 973, 6 0.

( 8 ) Sarihüyük: eimdi köyün merkezinde kalan b ir t arih ö ncesi h öyük l ie b unu g evreleyen s urlu, b üyük b ir ö ren y en ; s ur d uvarlari s on y illarda, s istemli o larak y agmac iliga u grami4; t arih ö ncesi, F rig, H elenistik g ag g anak g ömlekleri v e d üz-sade g anak, g ömlek p argalari. B ibliyografya: A nderson 1 898, 1 06. V on d er O sten 1 929, 143 v e f ig. 2 24. H ild 1 977, 3 8. F rench v . d ig. 1 973, 80 . ( 9) B ektaeli: k öyün y aklaeik v adinin. kenarinda y er a lan b ir l asik o larak 1 25 x 6 m .; t arih g agea t arihlenen g anak, g ömlek g anak, g ömlek p argalari.

o larak 3 k m. g üneyinde, ö ren y en ; b oyutlari yakö ncesi, F rig, H elenistik p argalari t ie s ade-düz

( 10) K eles H öyük: b ütün y önlerden g öze g arpan, b üyük, k oni b igimli h öyük; G ülhüyük ( eski M uhlisoba) k öyünün y aklaelk o larak 5 km. k uzeykuzey-batisinda; b oyutlari y aklaeik o larak 1 50 x 1 5 i n .; t arih ö ncesi, F rig, H elenist ik g ag y apitlari v e d üz-sade g anak, g ömlek p argalari. 2 9

( 11) D ekirmenyolu: k öyün ( eskiden P arlasan,diye a nilan) o rtasinda y er a lan y üksek b ir h öyük v e b unu g evreleyen b üy ük b ir ( surlarla g evrili ? ) ö ren y en ; t arih ö ncesi, F rig, H elenistik Q ‚ a g anak, g bmlekleri v e d üz-sade y apitlar. B ibliyografya: A nderson 1 899, 1 07. H ild 1 977, 3 9. F rench v . 1 973, 8 0.

4 e .

( 12) Y eniyuva ( eski Nurguz): v adide, kügük b ir ö ren y en ; k öyün y aklaeik o larak 2 km. g üneyinde, Ortaköyte g iden e os enin kuzeyinde v e k öye g iden y ol a yriminin k uzey-batisinda; y aklaelk o larak 7 5 x 1 m . b oyutlarinda; k aburgali, d üz-sada g anak, g ömlek p argalari. C olonia A rchelais - T yana ( 1) Ast agli H öyük: A agli k öyünün y aklaeik o larak 1 .50 k m. g üneydo usunda, a gik b ir v adide y en a lan b üyük höyük; z iyar et e dilmedi. ( 2) B ekärsultan T ürbesi: B ekär'in y aklaeik o larak 4 km. b atikuzey-batisinda, g enie b ir h öyük; z iyaret e dilmedi. B ibliyografya: Jacopi 1 938, 2 9 v e f ig. 1 09. H ild 1 977, 4 3 ve f ig. 2 . ( 3) B ekär ( eski N enezi): z iyaret e dilmedi.

k öyün i ginde k ügük b ir köyük;

( 4)

Y aziköyük: k öyün i ginde b ir h öyük; z iyaret B ibliyografya: B elleten 1 8 ( 1954) 4 04. A lp 1 956, 3 7. M eriggi 1 963, 2 84.

( 5) r et

G ölcük: k öyün kuzey k enarinda, k ügük b ir köyük; z iyae dilmedi. B ibliyografya: H ild 1 977, 4 5, T hierry 1 963, 2 9 d an aktararak.

( 6) Y eniköy: k öyün y aninda k ügük b ir h öyük; g anak, g ömlek p argalari. T yana

e dilmedi.

s ade-düz

F austinopolia

( 1) T oraman: B aemakgi'ya g iden e osenin g üney k enarinda d üz, a lgak b ir ö ren y en ; B aemakgi'nin y aklaelk o larak 2 .25 k m. b atisinda; k öyün y aklaeik o larak 0 .50 km. g üneyind e; k iremitler v e s ade-duz g anak, g ömlek p argalari. F a . 5makgilya g iden s osenin k uzey t arafinda, ö ren y erinin t am k areisinda b azi b üyük yapi k alintilarinin o lmasi ° Iasi. F austinopolis - P ylae ( 1) P ozanti: ç akit n ehrinin y en ; z iyaret e dilmedi. B ibliyografya:

d ogu k iyisinda b ir y erleeme

H arper 1 970,

3 0

1 50-151

v e

l ev.

XXII

I t .

( 2) P eilt: P ozantinin y . i kia ik o larak 4 .50 km. b atisinda v e P eilt d inlenme i stasyonunun y aklaslk o larak 0 .40 km. d okusunda, y ol kenarinda k i d ikPy k esitte b ir y api i zi g ör ülür; d üz-sade g anak, g ömlek p argalari. P ylae - T arsus ( 1) G ülek B o azi: m odern k arayolunun d o usunda y e t epe üzerinde b an _ y ap _ k alintilari g örulür; k apilarin y akia§lk o larak 0 .80 k m. g üneyinde; d üz-sade v e Orta ç a ( s1r11) g anak, g ömlek p argalarl. ( 2)

H an:

G ülek B okazlinin y akla ik o larak 4 .00 k m.

r _ ; üne-

y inde v e S ari t W isin y aklasik o larak 5 .44 km. kuzeyinde b ir T ürk H ani v ardir; ö ren y en , h a t = ü zerinde k i t epen in y amacinda y er a lir ( Türkge 2 00,000 l ik h aritada, U luki t sla p aftasinda 7 7-1ü, ' Ziftlik 1 ) . ( 3) S arl ih: h anin g üneyinde v e ü zerinde k i t epe y amaelnd a y er a lan b ir ö ren y en i ( Türkge 2 00,000 i lk h aritada, U lukisla p aftasinda 7 7-Iü, ' Hüseyinlisari*eyhf). H ibliyografya: Ramsay 1 903, 3 70 -3 73.

1 908,

2 82.

( 4) S aelikli ( eski B ayramli): " Kavaklignin b atisinda k i Roma y olunda b aellea Roma k alintilari y er a lai" ( Ramsay). B ibliyografya: Ramsay 1 903, 3 69. ( b)

Köprüler Nicomedia - N ieaea i zmit ( antik N icomedia), B a*iskale K öprüsü B ibliyografya: a I in 1 974, 7 3 v e l ev. 9 . N ieaea - I uliopolis G öksu: Osmaneli y akininda, G öksu ü zerinde k i T aeköprü B ibliyografya: v on d er G oltz 1 896, 4 51. i l lpan 1 975 , 208 n o. 1 4 .2A, l ev. 1 42, " Vezirhan k öprüsü, v e 2 39 n o. 2 3. T arsus — M opsuestia ( 1)

T arsus y a d a B ibliyografya:

( 2)

Adana, S eyhan B ibliyografya:

B erdan g ayi ( antik C yndus) ü zerjnde ( antik) P roeopius D e Aedifieiis V . v .14-20. ( antik S arus) ü zerinde ( antik) P rocopius D e A edifieiis V . v .8-13. ( yazit) N eroutsos 1 878.

( 3) Y akapinar üzerinde

( antik M opsuestia),

B ibliografya:

( antik)

C eyhan

( antik P yrc a r ius)

P rocopius D e A edifieiis V .

3 1

v .4 -7 .

( sikkeler) S NG v . V alerianus. ( c)

A lti d oldurulmue, t ae d öeeli, d öeeli n ehir g egitleri

A ulock 1 7.5747

s ig n ehir g egitleri v e t ae

M urtad o vasinda, Y eregiren C iftlik y akininda, O va C ay: y aklaeik o larak 5 00 m . u zun hOunda v e 3 .50 i n . g enieliginde k i g egit ,yari u zunlugu b oyunca b ir k ivrim y a d a a gi y aparak i lerler; y olun k enarina k onan k enar y a d a s inir t aelari l ie a yni m alzemeden 7 y alniz s inir t aelarindan b oyca d aha b üyük i elenmie b loklardan y a d a " Ankara" t a i l evhalarindan y apilmietir. I .

S ikkeler

I uliopolis:

b u k entin s ikkeleri i gin i leride k i s . b akiniz.

45 v e

5 1 'e

M ODERN B ILGILER 1 .

ö lgülmüe u zakliklar

M odern u zakliklar v e e ski k aynaklar a rasinda k i i liekiyi g örmek i gin t ablo 1 -11, ( a) v e ( b) y e b akiniz. 2 .

M odern g özlemler

B irtakim g ezgin v e a rkeologlar a z d a o lsa b azi b ilgiler v ermie v e b ilgi d agarcigimizin g enielemesini s aglamielardir. K u l ekusuz b unlarin i ginde e n s a eam b ilgileri S tarr v ermietir. N icomedia ( 1) ( 2) ( 3) ( 4) ( 5) ( 6)

N icaea

D ernsehwam: t op. B abinger 1 923, 1 60. P errot y e d ie. 1 862, 9 . v on D iest 1 898, 1 1. K iepert, P afta B I I B russa ( 2. b as.,1914). M agie 1 950, I I, 1 186. S ahin 1 974, 7 2 " Bey y olu".

N icaea - I uliopolis

( 1 ) ( 2 ) ( 3 )

v on d er G oltz: P W I II-I. 5 08 d en a ktarmie. v on D iest 1 898, 1 8-19. K iepert, P afta B I I B russa ( 2. h as., 1 914).

M yra - C olonia A rchelais

( 1 )

( 2) ( 3) ( 4) ( 5) ( 6)

R amsay 1 980, 4 6, 2 55. P errot v . d ie. 1 862, 2 79. A n cbrson 1 899, 1 00, 1 03, 1 07. M acpherson 1 954, 1 12. S tarr 1 962, 9 0-92. H ild 1 977, 3 5, 3 7 , 3 9 .

32

C olonia Archelais - T yana S tarr 1 962,

8 7-90.

P ylae - T arsus ( 1) ( 2) ( 3) ( 4) ( 5) ( 6) ( 7)

R itter: R amsay ( 1903, 3 75 n ,l)den a ktarilmie; n on v idi. L anglois 1 861, 3 64L anglois ( RA 1 857, 4 81) ( 1898, 2 38) n en a ktarmi ; n on v idi. L amsay 1 890, 2 38. R amsay 1 898, 2 38 v e n .l. R amsay 1 903, 3 74-378. R amsay 1 908, 2 83-281.

B en * imdi K ücük A syalnin t arihi c o; ;-r afyasina i liskin c aliemalara i li*kin c L iha s aglikli b ir b icimde u yarlanabilgl rek i laveli h aritalar h azirladim. R unlar i leride h arita 8 - 9 ( Classical M ap o f A sia M inor) v e h arita 1 0 - 1 1 ( Das b yzantinische S trassensystem i n K appadokien) o larak v erilmistir. O rijinal h aritalar b urada b eyaz ü zerine s iyah b asilmis: d üz , , ltmeler k irmizi i le

S APTAMALAR V E T OPOCRAFiK N OTLAR D aha ö nceden kabul e diler v e t aninan y er s apt _ malarina e k o lar ak, b a i y eni ö nerilerde d e b ulunulabilir: b urada, b u k onuda k i h em e ski, h em d e y eni ö nerilere y er v erilmistir. N icomedia - N icaea ( 1) E riboulus ( mutatio): H isareyn y aninda H isar'da. B u m utatio E riboulus'un i cinde y a d a E riboulus'da g österilm istir. N ieaea - I uliopolis ( 1)

S chinae

( mutatio):

( 2) A rtemis ( mutatio): b eige o lmamasina r agmen e ski v e y eni ö nerilerde d urmak i cin I tin. B urd. k ullanilmie) g öz ö nünde

K aradin'in a ltinda k i h öyükde. y erin s aptamasinda h ic b ir k esin K ilciler y akininda b ir ö ren y en ; v erilen u zakliklari b irbirine u yd e k i y azi h atasini ( XII i cin V II b ulundurmak g erekir.

( 3) I uliopolis ( civitas): G ayirhan y akininda k i S arilar k öprüsünde; b en § imdi b u s aptamayi g üvenle yapiyorum ( ba i t. a sagida I uliopolis v e Lagania). I uliopolis

A ncyra

( 1) L agania/Anastasiopolis ( mansio): D ikmen h öyükde; I uliopolis'de o ldugu k adar b urada d a s aptamami g l iverae y aplyorum ( bak. a sagida I uliopolis v e L agania). ( 2)

M nizus

( mansio):

B alcicek c iftligi y akininda k i

3 3

U gurgay'da y er a lan k ügük b ir h öyükde; b en, b a J eka y erlerde d e o ldugu g ibi b urada, a na y a d a e sas ö ren y erine b agimli v e i smini d aha s onra a lmi§ b ir h an y a d a y ol d ura @ ö rn &U o ldugunu ö neriyorum. M nizus'un I licaidayyakla§lk o larak 5 .5 km. kuzey t araflarda o ldugunu s anirim. ( 3) P rasmon ( mutatio): k aleye y akin. ( 4) d e;

A ya§ y olundaki

M alogordis ( mansio): k üqük b ir ö ren y en .

g epmede,

Avdan 0 .ftlik'de k i

t epedeki

ö ren y erin-

A ncyra - C olonia A rshelais ( 1) G orbeous/Curveunta ( mansio): Oguloey y aninda k i ö ren y erinde; G orbeous'da k i C astor'un k nall i kAmetgAhinin ( Strabo C 5 68, 1 2.5.3.) § imdi Oguloey y aninda b ulunan H elenistik g a i T s ö ren y en i i le ö zde§ o ldugu g örülür. ( 2) R osolodiaso ( mutatio): D eliler g iftlik y akininda k i g e§mede; b u g eemede k i t i ren y en i h eybetli d egildir; b ununl a g agda§ ö ren y erleri D eliler g iftlikIde ( yaklaelk o larak 4 km. d oguda, b üyük b ir h öyük) v e Y üreli'de y er a lir. Bu i kisinden b irinin e sas ö ren y en i ° ima m . o lasidir. ( 3)

A ndrapa

( mutatio):

G Ulhöyük y akininda k i Keles h öyük.

( 4) A rgustana ( mutatio): Y eniyuvalnin y akininda k i h öy ükde; b u k öyün e ski a di o lan Nurguz'un, A rgustana a ntik a dindan g eldigi ö nerilebilir. C olonia A rchelais - T yana ( 1) N azianzus: B ekärsultan t ürbesinde; b en A nathiango m ansio'yu Agagli'dan g ok B ekär'da s aptamayi y e gt utarim. Agagli'da o ldugunu s avunanlarin l eim b enzerligine d ayanm aktan b a§ka g ok a z k anitlari v ardir. A na ö ren y en i b üyük b ir o lasilikla B ekArsultan t ürbesindedir. B ekAr, N enezi'n m ç i r ndiki r esmi a didir. ( 2)

C husa

( mutatio):

Y azihöyük'de.

( 3) S asima ( mansio): G ölc i lkide; S asima, m ansio'nun a na ö ren y eridir v e d aha s onra H asköy'de o ldugu s öylenmi§tir ( hak. H ildt ( 1977, 4 4-45 ) d e k i L imnai'nin y erinin s aptanm asi k onusunda k i t arti*maya). ( 4) A ndabilis ( mansio): Y eniköy'ün y aninda; b en a ntik m ansio'yu, Y eniköy'ün 4 .20 k m. d ogusunda k i m odern h anin b ulundugu y er o larak, Y eniköy'ü d e, e sas ö ren y en i yani A ndavilis o larak s aptadim. ( 5)

F austinopolis:

B a*makgilda

3 4

( Bella / lee 1 964,

140-142).

F austinopolia - P ylae ( 1) Opodandus ( mansio): P ozanti y akininda k i P elit'de; ana ö ren y en , OITTUTilari i le b irlikte H arper ( 1970, 1 501 51) t arafindan t auimlanmie. Bu ö ren y erine b agimli o larak g eliemie d iger ö ren y en i ( Opodandus m ansio) y ol b oyunda, b uradan a z u zakta b ulunmakta. E skiden ö nerilmie b azi y er s aptamalari d aha kesin v e d ogru kan itlari o lueturan y azill b elgeler e lde e dilmedikge g egerlilikl erini s ürdürebilirler. Z aten e ski s eyahatnamelerde v erilen m il ö lgümlerine d ayanan rakkamlarla, b u g un ö lgülen u zakliklar a ras inda k i b aglanti, y erlerin s aptanmasini d estekler g örünümdedir. Ancyra - C olonia Archelais ( 1)

A spona:

S arihöyük d iye adlandirilan,

( 2) Parnassus: D eeirmenyolu'nda; adindan g elen P arlasan.

k öyün

$ ehidhöyük'de.

e ski adi,antik

Yaklasik o larak n erede o labilecekleri ö nerilebilen ama kesin y erleri s aptanamayan ö ren y erleri e öyle d izilebilir: N icomedia - N icaea ( 1)

L ibum m ansio:

S enaiye'de y a d a y akininda.

( 2)

L iada m utatio:

S ariagi rda y a

d a yakininda.

. Nicaea - I uliopolis ( 1)

M ido

m ansio:

T aeköprü'de y a d a y akininda.

( 2)

C hogeae m utatio:

S elimiye'de y a d a y akininda.

( 3)

T hateso m utatio:

D ikenli

( 4)

T utaion m utatio:

G ölpazari yakininda k i h öyükde.

( 5)

P rotinica mutatio:

( 6)

D ablae m ansio:

( 7)

C eratae m ansio:

( 8)

F inis m utatio:

( 9)

D adastana mansio:

M ilia m utatio:

Hacik elde y a

Kayabaelinda y a

d a yakininda.

d a y akininda.

H immetoglu'nda y a

d a yakininda.

Ericekede y a d a yakininda.

( 10) T ransmonte mutatio: yakininda. ( 11)

G egit'de.

Karahisar

d a ya d a y akininda.

S agak D are,

Kösemtepe,

3 5

Ba lica'da ya d a

E ymirede y a d a yakininda.

I uliopolis ( 1)

A ncyra

H icronpotamon m utatio:

G irmir G ayi

ü zerinde y a d a

y akininda. ( 2)

I petobrogen

m utatio:

P eril

( 3) C enaxis P alus m utatio: n inda. A ncyra ( 1)

( 3) a na

d a y akininda.

M acun ( ; iftlikide y a

d a y aki-

C olonia A rchelais

D elemna m utatio:

g özlemlenen ( 2)

Q iftlik'de y a

K epeklibogaz'da,

g egidin

t epesinde

ö ren y en i y akininda.

A liassum m utatio: G alea m utatio:

Afsar'da

B üyük

y a d a y akininda.

B iyik'da y a d a y akininda.

ö ren y en i B ektasli H öyük m ü

A caba

i di?

( 4) I ogola ( variant Ozzala) m ansio: U zengilik'in a ltindak i v adide, P egeneközü'ne y akin ( yen i s aptanamami*) b ir ö ren y erinde; k öyün m odern adinin a ntik a dini yansitmasi o lasi. ( 5) N italis ( mansio): K abakulak k öyünün a ltinda, P egeneközü v adisinde ( yen i s aptanamamis) b ir ö ren y erinde. P lae - T arsus ( 1) M ansucrinae m ansio: H aelhamzalilda ya d a yakininda. A caba S aPUikli ( eski B ayramli) yakininda k i y ikintilar a na ö ren y erine m i a lt?

IL K Y APIM V E D AHA S ONRA T EKRAR Y APIM T ARtHt M iltasi b elgelerinin ( bu y ol i gin m iltasindan b aska b eige y ok) i eiginda H aci Y olu'nun D omitianus g a h .nda, ö zellikle A . C aesennius G allus'un e yalet v aliligi s irasinda, M .S. 8 2 y ilinda ( tümü G alatya'da o lan m iltaslari, n o. 3 9(A), 3 9(G), v e 4 8(C)) y apildigini s öyleyebiliriz. Y olun b azi kesimleri i gin M .S. 8 0/81 g ibi b irkag y il ö ncesinin t arihini v ermek d e o lasid ir ( Ancyra P essinus y olunda b ulunan T itus l ie D omitianus'un m iltasi: S ivrihisar y akininda k i M ülk'den: C IL 1 11.1.318, I LS 1 .263). H aci Y olutnun b ir k esimi N icomedia v e N icaea'dan L eger. B itinyatn in b u b ölgesinden e le g egen e n e ski m iltasi Traian g agina t ar ihlenir ( M.S. 1 14/115: n o. 8 (B)). Bursa ( antik P rusa) y öresind en F laviuslar d önemine t ariklenen e n az i ki m iltasi vardir. B u t a*larin i kisinin d e b ir o narim ya d a y eniden yapim o layina a lt a nilari t asimasi i lgingtir ( M.S. 7 8: C IL I II. S uppl. 1 . 6 993 v iam a n ovo m unierunt M .S. 7 8, Bursa Müzesinde bulunan y ayinlanmamis b ir m il t a i). B itinya M .O. 7 3 t arihinde b ir Roma e yaleti o larak ö rgütlenmi§ti. M .O. 1 33'de Attalus I II'ün ö lümünden s onra b ir R oma e yaleti

3 6

o larak k abul e dilen A sia, p rokonsül M anius A quillius ( French 1 980, 7 07 v e h arita 1 ) t arafinaan y ollarla d onatilmieti. S onrad an V espasianus, C umhuriyet d önemine t arihlenen ( Manius A quilliu'dan) b ir m iltaeinda b elirtildigince,Pergamum y öresinde b ir y olun o narimini y aptirmieti ( CIL 1 .2.647, C IL I II. S uppl. 1 .7183, I LS 1 .27). B iz, d aha s onra H aci Y olu'nun B itinya k esim inde ki y ollari k imin y aptigini y a d a t ae d öeedigini h enüz b ilmiyoruz. A nlamlari m uglak o lmayan m etinlerin s ergilendigi m iltaelari, H aci Y olu'nun kanimca t üm y ol b oyunca d egil- a yri a yri k esiml erinde -e rqekleetirilen y eniden y apim y a d a o narim i elemleri k onusunda a eagida k i t arih v e b ilgileri v erirler: ( 1)

M .S.

1 14/115 T raian ç a inda ( no.

8 (B)

( 2)

M .S.

1 15/116 T raian C aginda

2 v e 4

( 3)

M .S.

2 08 S everus y e C aracalla Q aülnda G alatya'da)

( no.

( 4)

M .S.

2 12 C aracalla G aginda G alatyaida)

( no.

4 0(A)

v e 4 2(B)

( 5)

M .S.

2 17 C aracalla ( ; agInda

( no.

6 1 Kapadokyalda)

( 6)

M .S. 2 17-218 M acrinus ç a inda ( no. 5 5 Kapadokyatda)

( 7)

M .S.

( 8)

M .S. 2 30 S everus A lexander g aginda ( no 64 K ilikyatda)

( no.

2 23 S everus A lexander G aginda K ilikyagda)

K ilikya Kapilarilnda k i y ol y aziti, 2 11-217 y e t arihlenebilir.

B itinya'da)

( no.

B itinyaida) 3 9(M)

6 5(A)

C aracalla ç a ina y ani M .S.

S on o larak önemli o lduguna i nandigim- b ir n oktaya, G alatyatda k i F laviuslar d önemi m iltaelarinda imparatorlarin b ir y olu t aela d öeemeyi amaglamasina d eginmek i stiyorum: v ias s travit/ s traverunt. D aha s onra k i i mparatorlar b öyle b ir d uyuruda b ulunm azlar. Bu n edenle F laviuslar d önemi ö ncesinde g örülen t ae d öeenmemi i e y ollar ( "araba y olu", " patika", b k. s .128 ) i nsani H ellenistik v e P ers g aglarinda k i y ollarin n iteligini d üeünmey e y öneltir. B u k onuya b en d aha s onra k i y ayinda t ekrar d önec egim.

3 7

I ULIOPOLIS VE LAGANIA/ANASTASIOUPOLIS Y ukarida H aci Y olulnun

t arihsel

i qerigi h akkinda v erilen

b ilgi-

l eri g eni lettim v e b u g enieletilmi§ b ilgileri t opografik s orunl ar l ie I uliorolis v e Lagania h akkinda c ikan e debi v e a rkeolojik b elgelerin c özümlenmesinde k ullandim. B ir y öntem g ercevesinde g enieletilen b u y eni u yarlamanin, Ankara y azitlarinin i kinci f asikülünde y er a lacak o lan c ografi v e t arihsel o laylarin k öken ini b icimlendirmesi o lasidir. " Hail Y olu" ü zerinde k i y erleemelerin k esin y erlerinin s aptanm asi i 1emini, a rkeolojik g erceklerin d urumlarina b a li o larak P amsay v e d igerleri y apmie, o nlarin y aptiklari b u s aptamalar R amsay'den ( 1890, 1 97, 2 42) s onra d oksan y il b oyunca g ecerlil igini s ürdürmüetU. B u k onuda k i c allemalara Ramsay'den s onra A nderson ( 1899, 6 4-65, 6 9-71) n okta k oymue, a rkeolog v e s anat t arihqiler d e,israrla d nerdiklerini k abul e tmielerdi. Konu 1 972 y ilina d ek b öylece k alakalmieti. 1 972 i lkbaharinda B eypazari v e N allihan y olu l ie Ankara'ya d ön erken t esadüfen g özüme i ki m iltael c arpti. D aha s onra a ilemle b irlikte p iknik y aparken, N allihan'a a z b ir m esafede, NallihaniI n d ogusunda v e ana y olun y aninda, i yi k orunmue R oma y olu k al intisi g ördük. Y olun b u u zantisinin S arlyar B araj G ölü'ne b ak an y üksek a raziye d ek d oeuya d oeru u zandigi k olayca izlenebil iyordu. B u y olun y aninda, m odern k arayoluna az b ir m esafede, h er b in i i n s itu d urumda c l an iki m iltaei p arcasi d uruyordu. D aha s onraki b ir g idieimde g ine i n s itu o lan ü güncü b ir m iltae ini v e A nkara'nin y aklaelk o larak 2 0 km. b atisina d ek i zleneb ilen, y üzeyi h ic b ozulmamie b ir R oma y olunu b uldum. B u r n iita i an 1 , 2 v e 3 ) d aka s onra Ankara A nadolu M edeniyetl eri M üzesi'ne g etirildi v e R oma H amamlarl'nda k i yazit k olleks iyonuna k atildi. B urada Ramsay, Anderson y e b a§kalarinin ö nerdiklerinden o ldukga f arkli b ir y önde u zanan ama k esinlikle R oma Cagitndan k alma g ergek b ir y ol v ardi. K endi i cinde o laeanüstü o lmayan b u s onuc - R amsay'in i leri s ürdügü ö nerilerin o z amandan b u z amana c öz ülmüe o lmasi n edeni l ie b ozguna u gramie v e y ol b oyunca y er a ldigi b ilinen y erleemelerin y erlerinin k esin v e d ogru o larak s aptanm sini v e b u s aptamalarin h ala y aeayan antik k alintilarla d esteklenmesi g eregini d ogurmuetur.

T ARIHSEL I 9ERIK C onstantinople, Ancyra v e K ilikya K apilari a rasinda uzanan y olun t ümüne R omalilarca b ir i sim v erilmiese b ile b u g ünümüze d ek g elmemie ama e n a zindan y olun T oros d aglarinda ki kesimine V ia T auri ( Harper 1 970, 1 51) d endigi ö grenilmietir. B u y olun c ok i elek b ir y ol o ldugu t artiema g ötürmez. P liny ( Epist. X . l xxvii.3) y ol b oyunca t ra4igin n e d enli y ogun o ldui 1 1 72- 3 eginir. Hadrian b u y olu k ullanmi V, b u y ol s eferlere s ahne o lmu§tur ( Ammianus M areellinus x xyl. 7 v e 8 ; M .S . 365). Ender olarak y ol h akkinda a yrintill b ilgi v erilmekte, t arihsel d egerlerin ö zetinden b u y olun i yi b ilindi&i a nlaeilmaktadir. Araba l ie

3 8

y olculuk y apan Macrinus b ize " Kapadokya, G alatya y e B itinya'dan g egerek" d er ( Dio C assius l xxiv. 9 3; M .S. 2 18 y azi). J ovian v e o rdusu d a b u y olu i zlemieler ( M.S. 3 63/4 k i i) ama y alniz T yana, A spona, Ancyra v e J ovian'in ö ldügü y er o lan D adastanasnin adini b elirtmielerdir ( Amm. M arc. x xv. 1 0). Imparator A rkadius v e H onorius'da k uekusuz b u y olu kullanmielardir ( Cod. T heod. 8 .1. 1 4 N icaea v e 9 .40.16 M nizus, 2 8 h aziran 3 98 v e 2 7 T emmuz 3 98). D aha s onra k i s eyyahlar, h ristiyanlar y e H acilar Egeria b unl ardan b irisidir ( top .Prinz 1 960, XXIII.6-7) - b u y olch 4n g egmiel er ama y ol h akkinda b ilgi v ermekten k aginmielardir. Y ol a ltine l yüzyilda h ala l umumi k arayolu' h C ,viyetindedir, r 6 r w 6 cA c x

o v r .ka

TO VEaGUALX07 ) 6 pöpoy ( Vita S . T heod.I.3.5.). B u y olun R oma y e B izans g aglarinda g erek o rdu g erekse s ivil h alk t araf indan k ullanildigi a giktir.

G alatya y e B itinyatnin b u y öresi i gin b _ldiklerimiz p ek f azla d egildir. A ntik s eyahatnamelerde i simleri v erilen I uliopolis y e Lagania'nin t arihleri p ek a gik d egildir. S trabo'da b elirtild igince ( C 5 74, 12.8.9) e skiden G ordiucome d enilen I uliopolis, C aesar Augustus o nuruna p olls h aline s okulmue, G ordiucomeli k aydut b ir i dareci o lan C leon t arafindan d a Iuliopolis d iye a dlandirilmietir ( Pliny N H.V.x1.143). I uliopolis a di z aman, z am an y azili k aynaklarda y a d a yazitlarda g örülm 4tür. P liny v e T rajan ( Epist. X .1xxvii v e l xxviii) I uliopolis'in d urumu k onus unda y azi e emalar y apmi§lar ama i kisi d e kenti z iyaret e tmemisl erdir. Oysa H adgian b urayi z iyaret e tmie v e b uradan b ir d e m ektup y azmi§tir . L agania i se M ristiyanlik d önemlerinde A ncyra b a§piskoposluguna b agli b ir p iskoposluktur. S ykeonlu T heodorustu n kutsal g abalari l ie ( gergekte h aklarinda h igbir e ey b ilinmey en) I uliopolis v e L agania/Anastasioupolis b aeka k entler y erine ü n k azanmielardir. P W g irielerinin k isaligi h emen, h emen d ört b in y illik s ürekli b ir y erleemenin i zlendigi b u iki ö ren y eni h akkinda n e d enli a z b ilgi o lduCunun k anitini o lus ,tururlar. B in g ok k ez s öylendiginee, R oma v e B izans g aglarinda K ügük A syalda k i t a ra k entlerinin e konomik v e s osyal d urumlarini t arti§mak ö nemsiz b ir k onu d egildir v e b u,Anadolu p latosunda ki d iger k entler i gin d e g egerliligi o lan b ir g örü e etür. M alazgirt s ava v _ndan ( M.S. 1 071) s onra Anadolusnun a skerf v e s ivil i daresi g erekli o larak d egi§mi ti. B u d egi§im y alniz H aci Y olu b oyunca y er a lan k entlerin y ok o lmasina d egil a yni z amanda y ol e bekesinin g ökmesine d e n eden o lmu§tu. R oma y olu e rozyon g ibi d ogal e tkenlerle y ipranmi§, o naltinci y üzyilda O smanlilar y olu y eniden y aptiklarinda i se, R oma y olu g izgisind en f arkli b ir g izgi i zlemielerdi ( Evliya, 2 39-241). Bu Osmanli y olu 1 945 y ilini i zleyen y illarda y apilan y eni karayolunun ( Bolu'nun i ginden g egen) b itimine d ek, e ski Ankara - I stanbul y olu o larak kullanilmieti. Q obanlar y e b enzeri b irkag y aeli a dam h alä R oma y olunu ' Uluyol' d iye g österir y e b unun B agdat y olu o ldugunu s öylerler. B u k uekusuz s u katilmamie h alk a nisid ir. 1 974 Yi linda t ae y ol ü zerinde s orular s ordugum b ir g oban, b u y olun " Konstanti(ni)yelye g iden e ski y ol" o ldugunu s öyleyec ek k adar i leri g itti v e " oradan, b atiya d ogru i leri g iderdi" d edi. A ma n ereye o ldugunu b ilemedi.

3 9

T OPOdRAFIK S ORUNLAR S anirim t opografik s orunlar,benim N allihan b ölgesinde k i y ol y üzeyini b ulmama d ek m evcut d egildi. R amsay ( 1980), v on I A •est ( 1895), A nderson ( 1899) v e o nlardan s onrakilerin g örüelerini s orueturabilmem i gin e lde h ic b ir y eni b elgenin o lmadigini s öyl emek b ile t ereksizdir. G özlemlenen y olun b ulunmasindan s onra s eyahatnamelerden v e d iner k aynaklardan b ilinen ö ren y erlerine i liekin s orular o rtaya g ikti: R amsay v e d igerlerinin ö nerileri d ogru d egilse,bu ö ren y erleri n erelerde i di? B u s orun, g özlemlenebilen b ir y ola a it b elgeleri o lueturan v e ( T ayirhan b ölgesinde b ulunan y azitli ü g m iltael i le i yice b elirg inlesti. A rtik y azitlardan o luean, b agimsiz t aniklar v ardi. g ayirhanida k i m iltaelarinin b ulunmasindan s onra, A ndersontun y aptigi d egerlendirmenin d ikkatle o kunmasi h igbir z aman ( Anderson ,d an ö nce y a d a s onra) ç özU r n1enmen ii d irt g üglügü o rtaya g ikardi: ( 1)

A nkara v e m odern N allihan a rasinda R oma y olu h ig g örülmemieti,

t ae d öeeli g ergek b ir

( 2)

L agania o labilecek, e n a zindan b urasinin L azania o ldugu s öylenebilecek h ig b ir ö ren y en i b ulunmamieti,

( 3)

b ir R oma y olu y aninda i n s itu d urumda o lan h ig e ina r astlanmamieti,

( 4)

ö ren y erlerinin s urada y a d a b urada o lduguna i liekin ö ner ilerin t ümü a ntik t estimonia i le g elieki i ginde i di.

b ir m ilta-

S imdi k arellaetigimiz b u s orunlar, b ütün y a d a p argalar h alind edir. B en b urada v ereaegim k anitlari a rkeolojik, e pigrafik v e e debi d iye ü g s inifa a yirarak e le a lacagim. Yalniz b unu y apmadan, d aha ö nce d e b enim t arafimdan a ktarilmis ( French 1 974, 143), a eagida k i a na k oeulu b ir k ez d aha v urgulam ak d ilegindeyim: " örnegin Ramsay, R oma k arayollari h akkinda s ahifeler y azm ieti ama o nun g ergek g allemasinin k onusunu karayollari d egil a ntik k entlerin a raetirilmasi o lueturuyordu. B una k arsilik e imdi y ürütülen p roje a ntik k entlerle,yalniz b unlarin y ollarla b ir b agintisi v arsa i lgilenmekte. A ntik s eyahatnameler a naak ö nce y ollarin a raetirilmasi i gin k ullanilirsa, k entlerin s aptanmasina d a y ararli b ir h ale g etirilebilirler. A gikcasi y ol k esin o larak b ilinmeden, b u y ol b oyuna y erlestirilmie k entlerin e urada y a d a b urad a o ldugunu d üeünmek o lanaksizdir". ( Starr 1 962, 5 -6). B unlar S tarr'in a r ia k oeulunun n eyi k asdettigini v urgulayan b elg elerin b ir b ölümüdür.

40

A RKEOLOJIK K ANITLAR 1 .

R oma Y olu

Y ukarida s özü e dilen t ae d öeeli y olun, y aninda i n s itu o larak b ulunan m iltaelari n edeni i le R oma y olu o lmasi o lasidir. B u y ol d oArudan d ogruya t oprak y üzeyine i nea e dilmde, k enarlara b üyük s inir t aelari ( 0.50 - 0 .75 m . u zunlu unda), b unlarin a rasina d a d aha k ügük d olgu t aelari ( yaklaelk o larak 0 .20 - 0 .30 m . b oyund a) k onmuetur. D olgu t aelarinin k onduku b ölüm y ani y olun iki k enarinda k i s inir t aelari a rasinda y er a lan g enielik o rtalama o larak 6 .30 m . d ir. O mur a g enellikle y olun o rtasinda y er a lir v e h emen, h emen s ürekli o larak d evam e der; y alniz d oAal e tkenl er y a d a i nsanoglunun e tkisi i le t ahrip o lduAm y erlerde i zlen emez. Omur a d aima y olun o rtasinda y er a lmaz, y olun g eeitli k esimlerinde b u u yumsuzluk g örülür. I znik , ( Nikaia) d en G ölpazar i ( ? T ataion) y olu i le A nkara ( Ancyra) v e ö teye g iden y olun d egieik u zunluklara s ahip s ürekli k esimlerinde y üzey g özlemlen ebilir. 2 .

M iltaelari

C aracalla'nin a dini t aelyan v e I uliopolis'i c aput v iae o larak v eren a eagida k i ü g m iltael, I uliopolis'in y erini d olaysiz o lar ak v erdikleri g ibi, s eyahatnamelerde a c h ig egen d iger ö ren y erl erinin, ö zellikle Lagania'nin n erede o ldugunu d olayll o larak b elirten e pigrafik k anitiardir.

. 1 i YIRHAN 1 H arita:

B olu 4 7-t

Y en :

I n s itu ; A tca v e N alligölcük m odern a raba y olunun g egtigi n oktadan y aklaelk o larak 1 .60 km. b atida; y olun k uzey k enarinda; 9 ayirhan 2 m iltaeindan yakl aelk o larak 6 km. b atida.

Y ayin:

D HF 1 974Iden k opya

T anim:

K aba ö zlü k ireg t a i s ütun. Q ok k utü a einmie. S ayis iz k ügük t opak1arla b eraber iki b iyük , b ir k ügük o lmak ü zere ü g p argaya a yrilmie.

B oyutlar:

t oplam y ük.

M etin:

e dilmie.

yaklaelk o larak 2 .50 [ B ]

[ F]

[ Imp C aes M A l urellius [ Antoninus;

p ius A ug

[ Parthic]us m aximus

5

[ Britanni ] c us m aximus L Germajnicus m aximus [ pontifex]

m aximus

1 1

r a •

c ap.

0 .75 m .

( tribuni ]c [ imp I II 1 0

T arih:

M .S.

p ot X VIIII

c os]

I III

p ]

p rocos

[ A I uliop ]oLli m il V IIII]

C J . T

I o u 2 \ -[ T ro\E IA [e i

2 15/6

G AYIRHAN 2 R arita:

S ivrihisar 4 8-u.

Y en :

I n s itu ; R oma y olunun A nkara - N allihan y olunu k estigi n oktadan y akla ik o larak 0 .8 k m. d o uda; A iada ç ayi ü zerinde k i k öprünün y akla ik o larak 1 .0 km. g üney-batisinda; R oma y olunun k uzey t araf inda.

Y ayin:

F rench 1 976,

T an i m:

i nce ö zlü k ire9 t a l s ütun, b ir u zun v e k üci ik ( tepede) ü g p argaya a yrilmie.

B oyutlar:

t oplam y ük. y aklaelk o larak 2 .75 o larak 0 .72 m .

M etin:

B

5 2.

(elenk)

ni •

j ,

b üyük,

g ap.

i ki

yaklasik

F

I mp C ass M A urellius A ntoninus P ius A ug P arthicus m aximus

5

B ritannicus m aximus G ermanicus m aximus p ontifex m aximus t ribunic p otest XVIIII i mp I II

1 0

M .S.

p p p rocos

A I uliopoli m il V ' A T uo

T arih:

c os 1 111

' 10

2 15/6

G AYIRHAN 3

4 9-u .

H arita:

S ivrihisar

Y en :

I n s itu ; k uru w adinin y aklasik o larak 1 50 m . b atis inda v e K ayabükü Q iftliklden K ösebükü g iftlik's g iden a raba y olunun y aklaelk o larak 1 .7 km kuzeyinde.

4 2

Y ayin:

D HF t arafindan 1 974'de

T anim:

K aba b zlü k ireç t a i s ütun, h ir u zun y e b üyük, i ki k ügük ( sütunun t epesinde) U g p ar9aya a yrilli .

P oyutlar:

t oplam y ük.

g örüll 1ü .

y aklasik o larak 1 .75 m .,

c ap.

y akla ik

o larak 0 .70 1 . [ B]

M etin:

( gelenk)

[ F]

I mp C e[es M Aurellius] A nt [oninus

P ius A ug]

p arthi[cus m aximus] • . ... B ritannicus m a[ximus] G ermanicus m [a p c[imusl t ribunic p otest X [ VIIII 1 i mp I II

c os I III

p p p roc[Js] •

A I uliopoli ' Am

•

' t ,ouvuo U toÄ . Eu i

V III Tarih:

3 .

M .S.

2 15/6?

ö ren y erleri y e a nitlar

Eskieehir: A nderson'un t arifi ( 1899, 6 5) e öyledir: "Dogusund a k i n ehre d ogru u zanan E skieehir, h u n ehir i le Sangarius' ( Sakarya) u n b irbirine k arietigi n oktanin y arim s aat kuzeyinde v e Y ardibi G iftligitnin o n d akika k uzeyinde y er a lir. Y üzey k alintilarinin g ogu y aklaeik o larak y irmi d akika g üneyde ki S arilar köyüne t aeinmie v e ö ren y en i üzerinde, köprünün kareis inda y er a lan b üyük d ikdörtgen b ir y apinin t emelleri i le g irle inden b aeka b in e ey g örülmemietir". O ren y en i v e Anderson t arafindan " Sykeon" köprüsü d iye a dlandirilan köprü e imdi S ariyar b arajinin s ulari a ltindadir. Anderson'un ( 1899, 7 1) Valcaton adli e ski k ent o labilecegini ö nerdigi k ügük h öyük d e ( Sarilar k öprüsünün y akla t tak o larak 8 km. b atisinda, Sakarya v adisinde) b ugün S ariyar b araj g ölü a ltinda k almietir. S arilar köprüsünün f otografi M acPherson ( 1954 I II v e l ev. I X:1) t arafindan v erilm ie, S arilar k öprüsünün Anderson t arafindan g izilmie i lk r esmi i se B allance ( 1969, 6 14 v e e ek, 3 ) t arafindan k opya e dilmietir. K öprünün y erinin s aptanmasi i se P errot v . d ig . (1862, harita D ) t arafindan y apilmietir. S arilar k öprüsünün ü stünde v e b atisinda k i s irt v e E skieehir ö ren y en , C rowfoot v e A nderson'un g özlerinden kagmie g örünmekt edir. B u s irt b oyunca u zanan e sas y erleeme b u g un b ile g örül ür. ö zellikle s irtin d ogusunda b ir k ent d uvari v e kapisi, g eeitli k ügük yapilar y e m ermerden b azi m imart p argalar halä i zlenebilir. F rig ( kur uni y apitlari), H ellenistik G ag ( yae s ivazlama y öntemi i le y apilmie k irmizi r enkli yapitlar, b aski v e n oktall g izgi b esekli p argalar), R oma ( kirmizi v e d eve t üyü r engi, d üz-sade y apitlar) v e O rta G ag ( sgraffito s irli g anak, g ömlek p argalari) y aygin o larak g örülür.

4 3

EDEBI 1 . ( 1)

K ANITLAR A ntik kaynaklar I uliopolis b ir B urd.

i vitas i di

( Pliny Epist.

X .1xxx.2,

I tin.

5 74 ).

( 2)

I uliopolis B itinyalda 9 k Ugük b ir

( 3)

I uliopolis, S ykeae a dli k öyün ( Proeopius D e Aedifieiis V . i v.1) y akinindaki S iberia i simli n ehrin y aklaelk o lar ak ( p&Le iv x) 1 0 m il ( örnegin Lö mp hw y MP ' mil i §areti k oyan k imsel) b atisindadir.

( 4)

I uliopolis b ir n ehrin D e A ed. V .iv.5).

( 5)

S kopas (D ia nne n ehri V ita S . 5 3.1) d e g eger.

( 6)

S eopius B itinya'da b ir n ehir idi

( 7)

H ierus n ehri, B itinya i le G alatya a rasinda s inir o luetur urdu ( Pliny NH V .43.149).

( 8)

S iberis,

( 9)

( 10)

s in] ." k asabasi

d ogu k lyisinda y er a lir

T heodori'

T heodori'

( Proeopius

( Vita S .

T heod.

( Pliny Epist.

( Vita ,S .

T heod.

X .1xxvii.2) 1 .36.1,

4 5.15 ,

4 8.11, 1 21.28) d e g eger, b u n ehir " manastir g evre-

s inde"

S ykeon'un

t arlalarinin yakinindan akardi.

Lagania ( Consilium A r ry c cv a : H onigmann G alatya'da ( Vita S . M .S. 5 50 t arikinde S . T heod. 1 .3.2-3, o larak M .S. 550 ? ).

C haleedonieum,

M .S.

4 51 FA pp i co-L o o lasilikla T heod. 1 .4.13-14 ( yaklaelk o larak ? ), 5 8. 1 -6) b ir p iskoposluktu ( Vita S . T heodor'un d ogum t arihi yaklaelk

1 943 -3 , 5 4 no. 182),

( 11)

A nastasioupolis, G alatyaida A ncyrainin l i pd r t-r )E r nupxtz i ginde b ir k asaba i di ( Vita S . T heod. 1 .3.3-4).

( 12)

A nastasioupolis b ir

( 13)

Anastasioupolis, S ykeon'dan 1 2 m il ( örnegin, ä T zo c o ruEvAv MP) u l taklikta i di. ( vita S . T heod. 1 .3.3-4).

2 . B k.

I

( Pliny NH V .43.149).

G alatyalda b ir n ehir idi

S iberis n ehri V ita S .

i di.

p iskoposluktu

S eyahatnameler e ek.

6 v e t ablo 4 -6 Y e 1 3.

4 4

( Vita S .

T heod.

1 .4.13).

D ikmen H öyük: d algali b ir o vada, D ikmen k öyünün y aklasik o lar ak 8 .00 k m. g üneyinde, b üyük, y ayvan b ir ö ren y en ; o rtada b elki 1 k m. g apinda b üyük b ir h öyük l ie b u y üksek m erkezi h öyüg ün ( büyük k ismi I lk T ung v e 2 . b in) g evresinde, u zaklara d ag ilmis s ayisiz k ügük t epelerden o lusmakta; u zaklara d agilmis k ügük t epelerden e le g egen g anak, g ömlek k alintilari g ogunlukl a H elenistik, R oma y e B izans ( ama s irli g anak, g ömlek h ig y ok) ( ; a5 7, , larindan k alma. M erkezi h öyU Un y aklasik o larak 2 00 m . d ogus unda, y üzeyde d aginik b ir v aziyette b ir H ristiyan d evri y apisin in t aslari ( sütunlari y e s ütun b asliklari) i zlenmekte. Ö ren y erinin g örünüst inden b urada b ir 9 evre d uvari o ldugu s anisina v hrilmakta. A yni 112 ö ren y erleri ( Anderson 1 899, 1 10) s uralard a g örülmekte: ( 1) T opakli H öyük ( Topakli'nin y ak12t . sik o larak 4 .00 km. k uzey-dogusunda), g evre d uvari h alä i zlenebilen a ntik A ndrona? ( Anderson 1 899, 9 6). B ibliyografya: F rench v . d ig. 1 973, 8 1 v e g ek . s . ( 2)

( 3 )

S ari H öyük ( eski S edit H öyük), a ntik A spona. B ibliyografya: F rench y . d ig. 1 973, 8 1 v e s ek.

6

D egirmenyolu ( eski P arlasan), a ntik P arnassus. B ibliyugrafya: F rench v . d ig. 1 973 , 8 1 v e g ek.

s .

2 6.

. 2 6. 2 6.

B u ö ren y erlerinde b ulunan g anak, g ömlek p argalari, D ikmen H öyük y erleemesinde g örülen ö rneklerin t ekraridir v e g enellikle i lk T ung 2 k irmizi a starli y apitlari, F rig kursuni y apitlari, H elenistik y e R oma y apitiarindan o lusmaktadir. L .

S ikkeler

I uliopolis s ikkeleri ü zerinde n ehir t anrisi y a d a t anrilarinin u zanmis, y atar b igimde b etimlenen f igür ler il k yaninda iki i sme r astlanir: S kopas v e S angaris/Sangarious. B u i simler s ikke ü zerinde g ogu k ez t ek, t ek e nder o larakdg b irlikte y er a lirlar: B ibliyografya:

R esimler

( 1) ( 2)

H ead 1 911, 5 16. I mhoof-Blumer 1 923,

( 1)

W addington v . d ig . 1 908 , 3 85 n o. l ev. x liii n o. 4 C AII(PIC) ( Ant.

( 2)

B M C at. P ontus v s. x xxi n o 4 c Arx(pic)

( 3)

S NG V .

( 4 )

W addington v . d ig. 1 908, 3 8 n o. 1 5 v e l ev. x liii n o. 1 3 C ANIIPIOC y e C KO AC ( Sept. S everus).

( 5)

W addington v . d ig. 1 908 , 389 n o. 3 1

2 21,

2 62.

4v e P ius).

1 49 n o 1 v e l ev. ( Ant. P ius).

Aulock 2 .468 C ANTAPIOC

v e l ey. x liii n o. C aesar o larak).

45

2 5 C KO AC

( Geta

T ab.

I tin.

P eut.

I uliopoli

A nt.

I tin.

I uliopolim

1 2

B urd.

I uliopolis 1 3

Valcaton ( Fines

G alatiae)

2 4

H icronpotamon

1

1 0

1 1 Laeania

L araneos

( L)agannia

6 1 83 3 8

P etobrogen M inizo

Mnizos 7

1 84

P rasmon

1 4

M izago

8

M anegordo

M alagordis 1 3

2 0

1 95

C enaxis p alus

6 ( Ancyra)

Ancira

7 9 6 1 . 2 .

3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 .

8 . 9 . e k.

9

Anchira

8 0

' Fines C iliciae' T ab. P eut.'da ' Fines C ilici(a)e X XVIII' g iri inden, e g 'er e kil XXVIII a tlanirsa. A nt. I tin. : XXIII. B en X VIII y aptim. A nt. I tin. : XXVIII. M S L X VIII. A nt. I tin. XXIIII. B en - XVIIII y aptim. D üzeltmelerden s onra. T optan Ant. I tin. 9 9 i ginde. I tin. B urd. : X II. B en V II yaptim. I tin. B urd. : V IIII. B en X IIII y aptim. I tin. Burd. : X III, o m. M S P . 6 :

I uliopolis - A ncyra: M etin d üzeltmeleri T ab. I tin. A nt., I tin. Burd.'a d üzcltmeler.

P eut.,

M ODERN B ILGiLER 1 .

ö lgülmü§

U zakliklar

Y eni b ulunan R oma y olu b oyunca s aptanan t üm m odern u zakliklar y a Land R over h iz ö lgeri ( kilometrenin o nda b irinde) y a d a h ar ita ö l9eri ( tekerlekli t ipde) l ie ö lgülmü , b azen ikisi b irden

4 6

kullanilmietir.

S ürekli

o larak T ürkce 1 :200,000 l ik

( . l aritadan

y aklamik o larak 1 900-1910 t arihlerinde b asilmie 1 :200,000 i lk O smanlica h aritanin y eniden d üzehlenmie b askisindan y e b unun L atince 2 . ( a)

u yarlamasindan y ararlanilmietir.

M iltaelari S arilar köprüsü - N icomedia y olu ü zerinde k i ( , : ayirhan m iltael: y akla ik o lhrak 1 3.50 km, ö rnegin 9 M P.

1

S arilir köprüsü - N icomedia y olu ü zerinde k i Q ayirhan 2 m iltasi ( Iuliopolis'den V M P): yakla§ik o larak 7 .20 km., ö rnegin 5 P . ( c)

3 .

S arilar k öprüsü - A ncyra y olu ü zerinde k i ( ; ayirhan 3 m ilta§i ( Iuliopolis'den V III MP): y aklasik o larak 1 2.40 km., ö rn &5: in 8

c ; eeitli

( a)

A nkara - N allihan y aklaelk o larak 1 50 km = y aklaelk o larak 1 01 M P

( b)

Ankara - S arilar k oprüsü: l a§ik o larak 8 0 MP

( c)

Ankara - D ikmen H öyüktün m erkezi: y aklaelk o larak 5 6

( d)

S arilar kbprüsu - D ikmen H öyük'ün m erkezi: rak 3 6 km. = y aklamik o larak 24 M P

( e)

S arilar k öprüsü G irmir Q ayi'nin g üney k iyisi: o larak 1 7 km. = y aklaelk o larak 1 1.5 MP

( f)

g ayirhan 3 m iltaei ( Iuliopolis'den 8 MP - G irmir a yilnin g üney k lyisi: y aklaelk o larak 4 .70 km. = y aklaeik o larak 3 MP

( g)

G irmir Q ayi'nin g üney k lyisi - D ikmen Höyüklün m erkezi: y aklamik o larak 1 9 km. = y aklasik o larak 1 3 M P

y akla ik o larak 1 19 km.

= y ak-

y aklaeik o larak 8 3 km i o n

y aklaelk o la-

yaklaeik

Ö NERILEN Y ERLER VE S APTAMALAR A nderson'un B itinyatda k i I uliopolis y e G alatya'da k i Lagania h akkinda y azdigindan b en i b u k entlerin y erlerinin n erede o ldug unu b elirleyecek h ic b ir e pigrafik b eige g ün l eigina c ikmadi. Q ayirhan b ucaginda ( Nall'han i lgesi, Ankara i ii) y eni b ulunan, k ayitlara g ecmemie t i c m ilta i, I uliopolis'den sc i z e derek, b üyük k ismi L ejean ( 1869) Y e Anderson'un c alismalari ( 1890 Y e 1 898) i le R amsay'nin g örü lerinin ( 1890, 241) s onuclarina d ayanan e ski ö nerilere karel ö nemli b ir k anit s agladi. O nlarin b ulunt ulari f aute d e m ieux ( Kiepert K arte v on K leinasien 1 914 B I II A ngora; Ruge P W X .1.102) o larak k abul e dilmistir. B öylece I uliopolistin yerinin N allinan'in g üneyinde Emremsultan yakin inda o ldugu s aptanmie; S arilar k öprüs ia lün y aninda k i k öprü ( Qayirhan k öyünde, e imdi s ular a ltinda k alan ö ren y erinin y ak-

4 7

l aeik o larak 5 .5 km. d ogugüney-dogusunda) S ykeon k öprüsü o larak t animlanmie; B eypazari 4 n in y ak1a nk o larak 8 .5 km. g üneyinde k i G irmir g ayi'nda y er a lan Maltepe a dli ö ren y en i i se Lagania o larak s aptanmieti. G erc ;i n e Ramsay'nin e linde y ararlanabileceg i d olaysiz b ir e pigrafik h elfe v ardi, n e d e A nderson v e d i er l eri b öyle b ir b eige b ulmuelardi. B enim

b u k onuda k i

ö nerilerim a ea hda

s iralanmietir:

1 . I uliorolis ' I cn i k t ,o T ro g : m iltaei k anitina d ayanarak, S arilar k öprüsünün y aninda y a d a y akininda, A ladag G ayi'nin d ogu y a d a s ol k iyisinda E skieehir d iye a nilan ( eskiden S ykeon o ldugu d üeünülen) ö ren y erinde y a d a y akininda y er a lmalidir. I tin. B urd. d a v erilen A ncyra I uliopolis a rasinda ki m esafe, A nkara'dan S arilar köprüsüne d ek ö lgülmüe u zaklikla aynidir v e P rocopius'un I uliopolis i gin y apti h . t anim, Sarilar köprüsünden b akildiginda b uraya g ok u yar.

t o F ro. t ,

L T EN I T L X .

:T heodorus,

S ykeon y akinindan

( St. G eorge e ehitliAinden ? ) I opolis'e ' Ia r toX K ( Vita S . T heod. 1 .13.19-20) 1 5 MP k oetu GT 6o r v 4do v ) . Eger onun k oeuya b aeladigi n okta S ykeon k öyünün ü stünde i se ( Vita S . T heod. I .12. 1 -2, 8 .18), 1 5 MP l ik m esafenin o nu y aklaeik o larak S arilar köprüsüne,örnegin I uliopolis'e g etirmie o lmesi 1 ou ?LuT2 2Lc tginin b aeka b i e kii o labiliri l iXumg roXLg " (ye 1 -2 .Löv r r .0 7 \ .K

v e ' 1 Wkw h , i simlerinin h epsi i sminin f arkli u yarlamalari o labilir ama b un u d ogrulayacak k esin b ir k anit y oktur. H er iki ö ren y en i d e p iskoposluk o larak b ilinmektedir; b unlar leha s onra S arilar k öprüsünde Anderson t arafindan b elirtilen ' piskoposluklar, I uliopolis p iskoposluklari o lamaz n i l? 2 .

' ),

L agania:

( a) S arilar k öprüsünden D ikmen H öyük'e o lan m esafenin m ü i le, ( b) I tin. Burd. v e I tin. L aganiasya o lan m esafe

A nt,

ö lgü-

d a v erilen I uliopolis'den

a rasinda k i u yum n edeni i le L agania'nin m odern D ikmen Höyük yde o lmasi g erekir. Laiania anastasioup f iis: e‘ g er b u i ki y erin i simleri_arasinda k i i lieki d ogru i se , i sim d egieikliginin M .S. 4 51 ( Conc. C halc.) i le y aklaeik o larak m .S. 5 50 ( St. T heodorus'un d ogum t arihi) a rasinda g ergekle§mesi g erekir. B u n edenle d e M .S. 4 915 18 y illari a rasinda küküm s üren A nastasius I o nuruna b u adin v erilmie o lmasi akla y akin g elir. Ruge, P W X II-1 4 54 'de Lagania'yi Latan(e)ial ialiN(E)La , "Bitinya'nin b ir k enti" ( Ptol. V .I.14), ö nerisini kabul e derek B itinyaiya s okar. Oysa b unun Lagania Nn r io(E)te s ic. d iye okunm asi g erekir. H onigmann ( 1942-3, 5 4 n o . 1 82) A c cr , \i l ,v ç g enetifin in f loyf iVta

f ormunu v erir.

R uge,

b öylelikle P latanea y a

d a

P latana ( Anon. Ray. 1 09.5) = A u .T6NcLa (Ptol. V .1.14) b unlarin ikisinde = Lagania d iyen Ramsay' ( 1890, 6 5 n . v e 7 0) i i zler.

4 8

Ruge ( a.g. e serde), B yz. S tephe'dan d a s . M yLva ( AayLvEux ) a ktarir; M eineke b askisinda ( 1849, 405) g irie e öyle o kunur,

" A l r yvx i

7 . 0 \3 ,xLov &pLac

y L:

o

i t r L

t

( MS R : l cz yLvt (). R obert ( 1937, 5 55 -5 57 v e 1 962, 3 60) Lagina-Stratonicea, I l&in y akininda k i Lagina, K ütahya y akininda k i Lagaina v e Lagania/ A nastatioupolislin e tnik v e t oponomik b igim s orunlarini ö zetler. I tin. Burd.'da G alatya v e B itinya a rasinda k i s inir, I uliopolis'i n b atisinda k i D adastana v e C eratae a rasinda v erilir. T ab. P eut.'da ' Fines C h id e XXVIII' e g iris, b elki y anlislikla ' Fines G alatiae' o lmustur v e s inir S iberis'de g österilir. H onigmann'(1939, 1 7 -4 8) da ise Lagania yne B itinya n e d e G alatya i gin Nicaea l istesine a linmamis 4r. B u a din H ier.'de S ynek. 6 96.9, P c m o l t-W ,a = _ cyco vi , a r yfvu x ,s eklinde G alatya b ölümünde b ulundugu d üsünülür. Ruge b u g örüsü b enimser ( PW X II-I, 4 54). H ierocles'de k i A nastasioupolis adini a lan t üm k entler i gin ( bir ö rnek h arig), H onigmann i ncelenebilir ( Hier. S ynek. 5 -6). L agania: i r r yaviLv t ` i d eg1 1, A c tyavv , \A F estugi4re, Vita S . T heod. I I, 2 1 +2,

o ku r nasi i gin b akiniz: 1 16.1 d e ki n ot.

3 . Skopos n ehrinin ( a)

P liny'nin

S copius n ekri i le

( b)

Vita S .

( c)

I uliopolis s ikkelerinde k i S kopas l ie

T heodori'nin S kopas'i l ie

b ir i liskisi o lmalidir. B u n edenle d e ü zerinde S arilar köprüs ünün b ulundugu m odern A ladag g ayi S sopas n ekri o larak s aptanm alidir .

L .

S iberis Nehri:

( a) ö lgülen m odern m esafenin Q ayi'na d ek v e

( Sarilar köprüsünden G irmir

( b) P rocopius'da, I uliopolis'den S ykeae y akininda k i S iberis'e d ek o lan m esafe i0 . 1 2 v erilen rakkamin u yumu n edeni l ie m odern G irmir ç ayi t anmalidir.

S iberis n ehri o larak s ap-

S ykeon'da k i köprü: eger S arilar köprüsünde ki ö ren y erinin I uliopolis o ldugu k abul e diliyorsa v e e ger P rocopius'un ö lgümü d ogru i se, S ykeon'da k i Justinian köprüsünü G irmir cayi üser inde a ramak g erekir. D ikkatsizce y aptigim a rastirmalar s iras inda h ig b ir i z b ulamadim.

5 .

Hierus Nehri v e P liny t arafindan b elirtilen Galatya h ie B itinya a rasinda k i s inir: S iberis l ie G irmir cayi a rasinda a sagida k i i liskiler kurulabilir:

1 49

( a) B itinyalnin s inir k enti o lan I uliopolislin A ladag Q ayi ü zerinde k i S arilar k öprüsü o ldugu y e ( b) S arilar k öprüsü ( Iuliopolis) i le G irmir Q aylinin a rasind a k i R oma y olu b oyunea b a§ka b ir n ehrin o lmadigi k abul e dilirse, m antiki o larak H ierus n ehrinin, G irmir n dan b a ka b jr nehir o lmamasi g erekir. Y a d a G alatyalda S ykeae y akininda k i S iberia o larak s aptanir.

6 .

A nastasioupolis:

D ikmen H öyük'de o ldugu

( a) G irmir Q ayienin g üney k iyisindan D ikmen H öyük'e o lan m es afenin ö lgülmesi ( b) V ita S . T heodori'de ( Sykeon'dan A nastasioupolisle o lan) m esafenin v erilmesi v e b u n edenle Lagania i le i li§kilerin s aptanmasi ( n. 1 6 i le z it g ör t4ler) a rasinda b ir u yum v ardir v e b u u yuma d ayanarak L aganiainin D ikmen H öyük'de o ldugu s öylen ir.

7 .

S ykeon - S ykeae ( Protopius): ( Tahir köyünün a ltinda k i v adide) b ir y erde o lmasi g erekir g ünkü ( a)

G irmir Qayi'nin j i tney k iyisina y akindir

( b)

G ayirhan 3 m iltaganin b ulundugu v adiye bakmaktadir

( 40

b u m iltaqindan y aklaelk o larak 4 M P u zaktadir

( VIII M P

8 . H icronpotamon lutatio: G irmir Q ayllnin g üney klyisina y akin b ir y erde o lmalidir ( Sykeon'dan 1 M P d oguda, Iuliopolisld en 1 3 MP d okuda ? ). H isronpotamon i le H ieros f lumen a saba a yni o labillr m i? ( Ruge, P W I X .1 ,34 v e V I I I .2 ,15 8 9 ). E g e r H i s r on = H ie r o s i li ek i s i d og_ r u i se G irmir 9 ayilnin S iberis v e H ierus o ldugu b ir k ez d aka k anitlanir, b öylese d e H ieronpotamon m utatio'nun adini a ldigi n ehire ( en a zindan) yakin b ir y erde oT asa . g erektl i ß avunulab ilir. H isronpotamon m utatio'ya ( Iuliopolis'den 1 3 MP) yakin o lan t ek n ehir kuekusus G irmir Q ayi y a d a d iger t animi i le S iberia n ekridir.

9 . Valgatia - B c 4 c c rt , c t ( MS r c oVi k rada ): T abula P eutingeria i le V ita S . T heodori b u k onuda q eliekilidir. T ab. P eutida I uliopolis Valsaton i qin 1 2 MP i lk b ir u zaklik v erirken, V ita S . T heodori'de S ykeon Valgatia i gin 6 MP l ik b ir u sakl ik v erilir ( & ld a r lp e czy ) ( Vita S . T heod. 1 .4.2). Tab. P eut.$ d a V alsaton'un v arligi a caba a na y ola y akin ya d a ana y ol ü ser inde o lma d urumunu g österiyordu d a Vita S . T heodori'de kJ 0 6 5 m i zu ,m k elimeleri d e a yni a nlama m a . g eliyordu ? B u n edenle Valgatia/Valsaton'un y a G irmir G ayi'nin g üney k lyisinda ( ö rneg in I uliopolis'den 1 2 MP u saklikta) y a d a T acettin yakinlarind a b ir y erde ( örnegin S ykeon'dan 6 MP u zaklikta) a raetirilmasi g erekirdi. H er i kl d urumda d a, S arilar'in yaklaelk o larak 8 k i t s . 5 0

b atisinda, k üqük b ir h ek o lan Valgatia/Valcaton'nun y en i i gin y apilan e ski ö nerilerin b aska ö nerilerle y er d egistirmesi g er ekir.

C kRACALLA'NIN D OdUYA G IDERKEN

IL LEDI CI Y OL , M .S . 2 15

C aracalla'nin t ribunicia p otestas XVIIII'l M .S. 1 0. A ralik 2 15 d en 9 . Aralik 2 16 y a d ek s ürer. M .S. 2 15/216 ya tarihlenen mil. t a lari, C aracallainin S uriye'ye g iderken M .S. 2 15 ilkbaharinda z iyaret e ttigine d eginmezler. Kuneralp' e ski U sküb, a ntik Prusias ad Hypium d an e le g egmis o lan d iger yaz ill b elgede lee C aracalla'nin "babas] . ibi" ( Magie 1 950 6 85 v e n . 4 3; R obert 1 967, 5 7 n . 8 ; Levick 1 967, 3 3), P rusias ad H ypium ( ye C lauoVopolis ? ) ü zerinden Ancyraiya g ittigi s öylen ir. B u b eige b iraz m uglak b ir karat o labilir. S aygin i ki hems ehrinin o nuruna, d ogduklari k ente d ikilen yazitlarin, C aracalla°r an s eyahatinden s onra d ikildigi a giktir. T aslari, C aracallalr un Kuzey B itinya, ö rnegin P rusias v e C laudiopolis ü zerinden g egtigini b elgeyen k anitlar d iye a lmak g ereksizdir; "M. Aurelius A ntoninus v e D ivine L . S eptimus S everus v e o nlarin o rdular i D ogu 'ya d ogru i lerlediler ( i u pam44mna ) " (Bitinya üzer inden). B en S everus v e C aracalla'nin, G erede yakininda kesinl ikle 2 .5 m .den d aha g enis o lmayan ikinci d erece b ir y oldan g egip P rusias v e C laudiopolis ü zerinden d egil d e, I uliopolis'd en g egip a na y olu i zleyerek A ncyra'ya g ittiklerini ö neririm. R .P. Harper ( 1970, 1 51) b u y ol b oyunea s ürdürülen g alisma ve o narlmlarin, M .S. 2 17 d e yapilmasi t asarlanan Part s eferinin d evamini k olayla i stirmak amaci l ie C aracalla t arafindan e mredild igini ö nermisti; b u k osullarda b elki d e d oguya g iden y ol üzer inde b ulunan C aracalla G agi'na a lt d iger m iltaslarini d a anims amak g erekir ( örnegin M .S. 2 17 y e t arihlenen v e Makedonya'da O chridlde, Via Egnatialda b ulunan m iltasi g ibi, bk. C IL I II. 7 12).

I ULIOPOLIS'IN NEOCORATE D URUMU vi l ieg oo adinin i lk k et n Caracalla t arafindan I uliopolis'e v erild igi, t ek b ir s ikke p d ayanilarak ö nerilmisti . ( Robert 1967, 5 7 ). Yeni denemeler ' bu sikke lie oynandigini, a dinin, o rijinal Ie lg iO nT . M. e d an g evrildigini g österir. 'EPA ,d a k i e psilon' un s ag ü st kösesi IOYAIO'nun i lk omicron'unun a ltinda g özükür-. S ikke b öylece Hieropolis'in n eöii n-U-s erisine s okulur. Kraft ( 1972, 2 13) d aha ö nce b u o lasillga d ikkatleri g ekmistir.

, l u nd l o n a u mu t i r

W aldek s ikkesi M .S. 2 15'de k i h ayali b ir g iris n edeni l ie C aracalla t arafindan Iuliopolis'e n eocorate s tatüsünü a rmagan e tmek amaci l ie v erilmis o lamaz v e kanit o larak kullanilamaz. Z aten D r. P rice'da b ana, Waldeck s ikkesinde adi v e p ortresi v erilen imparatorun, h ig b ir s ekilde C aracalla o lmadm mru. a ma E lagabalus o lmasi g erektigini ö nerdi.

5 1

P POCOPIUSIUN G UVENiLiPL ni B azi t artiemalar S ykeae d iye i simlendirilen y erin yakininda y e S iberis n ehrinin ü zerinde j er a lan J ustinian k öprüsü h akkinda P rocopius'un yapti i = ;1 a ciklamalari g erektirir. E skieehir d iye a dlandirilan ö ren y erinde k i A ladag Q ayi ü zerinde, Sarilar d en en b ir köprü y ardir. E u k öprü Justinian köprüsü, ö ren y en i d e S ykeae d iye k abul e dilmietir. 4 .mdi a ntik S iberis o larak s aptad igimiz G irmir Q ayi ü zerinde i se h ic k öprü g örülmez. A yrica b en S arilar k öprüsünde k i ö ren y erinin S ykeae o lmayip, I uliopolis o ldugu i näncindayim. B iz P rocopiusIda b ir h ata y apilmasi o lasil igini, h atta S ykeae y e I uliopolis a rasinda b ir karieiklik y ap ilmie o labilecegini g öz ö nünde t utamazmiyiz? iki k öprüden b in iS kopas ü zerinde ( hic a yakta) d igeri S iberis ü zerinde m i i di g ün h ic i z y ok)?

s özü e d delmemie a ma h ala ( tarif e dilmie a ma b u-

B u e artlar a ltinda N icaea'nin b atisinda J ustinian'in i nea e ttig i s öylenen k öprüye a it i fadeyi d e animsatmak g erekir ( Procopius D e A edificiis V .iii.4-6). i znik'in b atisinda g ünümüze d ek a yakt a k alan h ic b ir k öprü y oktur. Oysa i znikein d ogusunda ( Göksu ü zerinde) T aeköprü'de 1 6 ,1a a yakta k alan b ir k öprü y ardir y e b una a ntik kaynaklarda h ic d e i ;inilmemietir. A caba burada P rocopius ikinci b ir k arieikliga m i d ü l emüetür?

5 2

D iPNOTLAR 1

M agie 1 976,

1 950, I , 5 17; Luttwak 1 967, 6 7 v e n . 2 9; D abrowa b ilhassa s . 1 35 v .d.; F rench 1 980, 7 09 y e harita I .

2

I tineraria R omana'da.

3

R amsay 1 980,

4

Y azimi

i gin b k.

5

B ittel

1 934,

6

T arsus'un y akla ik o larak 1 3 km. k uzeyinde y er a lan y akinindaki R oma y olu y e k er nen ii gin: b k. L anglois 1 861, 3 65 y e l ev. XXIV; xamsay ( 1898, 2 38) L anglois' ( RA 1 857, 4 81) d an a ktarmi§tir: n on y idi; Ramsay 1 898, 2 36; 1 907, 9 4-95 v e l ei /. X XII g ek. 1 8 v e 1 9. R oma y olunun t animi y e f oto rafi i gin: bk. X ' amsay 1 908, 2 80 y e l ei ,. X I § ek. 1 7.

7

I GRR I V, n . 6 d a.

1 36

1 97;

( top.

A nderson 1 899,

CMAM y e

1 32 n o.

n o.

C untz,

P W

5 3;

L eipzig

H ild 1 977,

( 1929). 3 4-35.

( IVA.2.2462 Ruge).

1 34 d eki

349;

C .).

b ibliyografya.

r eferanslar Magie 1 950,

I I,

1470

M N.»

8

b k.

9

M .S. II. yüzyilda: P liny Epist. X .1xx.2; b k. g ine P liny N H V .x1.143, 1 49 y e P tolemy V .1.14. N icaea m eclisinde ( M.S. 325) I uliopolis G alatya adi a ltinda y erilir: H onigmann 1 939, 4 7 n o. 1 11. I tin. B urd. 5 74 ( tarih ? : yakla v _k o larak M .S. 323) d e y e H ier.ede.de Iuliopolis G alatya i ginde y erilmekte. , S ynek. T ab. P eut.'da Valcaton y e Lagania a rasindaki "Fines C ilicia XXVIII' g iri§i, b elki ' Fines G alatiae' n mn y anli§ o kunmasi s onucu o rtaya g ikmi§ b ir u yarlama o lup, M .S. 125 ( Pliny) y e 3 25 ( Nicaea M eclisi) a rasindaki s inir d egi§ikli ini yansitir.

1 0

B en b u ö ren y erini y eniden b ulmayi b a§aramadim.

1 1

n .

H ier.

7

, Synek.

6 97.2

y e y erini

; G alen

( top.

s aptamayi

Kühn)

VI.

f I cp pop g )v vq wc A .515 11 : 1 XLo& T-r o X t , ; P rocopius D e A edificiis V .iv.5 M S A unpLÄ .a . k y ;; Vita S . T heodori 1 20.7 t i Puou r co y e 3 4.1, 7 9.25, 1 03.1 ` IDuou r r ,o 7 -r nv

1 2

C onc. MS B

C halc.

M .S.

1 3

M iltner

1 4

Ruge PW X .1.102 s .

1 5

A ndarson

4 51:

1 936 , 9 6-97

H onigmann 1 942-3,

n o.

1 78

V III.

I uliopolis N ot.

1 899 , 6 8-69

5 4 n o.

n o.

1 7 v e

5 3

1 8.

LE.X.201

aktarma.

1 6

B k. Ruse, P W X II.1.454 s . Lagania v e y orumlar i gin b k. R obert 1 962, 3 60. A nastasioupolis'in y en i h akkindak i e n e ski ö neriler i gin b k. Huge P W s uppl. 1 .77, s . A nastasioupolis 2 , P errot v . d ig., 1 862, I , 2 78 T i en a ktarma.

1 7

A nderson ( 1899, 7 1); h iepert ( Karte v on K leinasien ( 1914) B I II A ngora; C alder v e B ean ( Classical M ap o f Asia M inor); b k. R obert'in V algatia/Valcaton h akkinday orumlarina R obert ( 1963, 1 53).

1 8

E sasinda W al t i le rk k olleksiyonundan: E ckhel, J . D octrina N ummorum V eterum ( Vienna 1 794) 1 1, 4 22; W addington v e d ig ., 1908, 1 .2, 3 88 n o. 2 5; H ead 1 911, 5 16; ImhoofB lumer 1 923, 2 61 n o. 2 20; H olzer H ., Mabbott C ollection I , S chulman N .Y. S ale 6 -11 H aziran 1 969, n o. 1 120.

1 9

B urada d egerli y ardimlarindan ö türü D r. t e§ekkürlerimi s unmak i sterim.

5 4

M artin P rice'a

E PtGRAFtK S EMBOLLER B UYVI C H ARF

t ae ü zerinde o kunan ( ya d a t aein ö ncek i k opyasinda b ulunan) ama t oparlayan t arafindan a nlaellmamie n arfler.

[ a 1 3 Y ]

[ a b c ]

k iriklar b oyunca k aybolan y a d a t aeta a rtik g örUlmeyen, t oparlayan t arafind an k onulan harfler.

{ a ß y} ( a b c }

a ntik g agda kazilmie ama t oparlayan t arafindan g ereksiz b ulunmue h arfler.

< a ß y > < a b c >

a ntik ç a da k azara a tlanmie, b u n edenl e d e t oparlayan t arafindan e klenmie h arfler.

( a ß y) ( a b c )

e ski k isaltmalari y a t ümlemek y a d a g enieletmek i gin t oparlayan t arafindan e klenmis h arfler.

j a ß y 1

a ntik g agda s _linmie ama hai r ülebilan h arfler.

j a b c

[ Q t

a ntik g agda s ilinmie a ma kismen h alä g örülebilen h arfler.

b c

j [a ß yi l

l [a b c h j

:

a b c

a ntik g a da s ilinmie a rtik h ig g örülem eyen v e t oparlayan t arafindan k onulan h arfler. b ozulmue v e/ya d a k ismen k orummue y orum u kuekulu h arfler: m evcutsa g izimlere b aevurunuz. d ogru k azilmie, t oparlayan t arafindan t aeta o ldugu g ibi v er n a l ama d il b ilg isi y a d a i mlä b akimindan t uhaf v e a lieilmiein d ieinda o lan h arfler.

( sic )

e

t aein h alen t oparlayanin e linde b ulunm ayan d aha e ski b ir k opyasindan d üzelt ilmie o lan h arfler; kaynakgada b ir n ot v erilmietir. a gik,

( v ac ) aß y

t ümü g ö-

t a i d aha ö nce k opya e den k iei t araf indan g örülen a ma a rtik g örülemeyen h arfler.

ab c

4 • • • •

_ _ _ _

d b

ö rnegin b oeluk.

b ilinen b ir b oelugu d oldurmak y a d a y aziti t ümlemek i gin g erekli o lan s ayisi b elirgin h arfler, ü zerinde b u k esin s ayiyi v urgulayan numara i le b irlikte y a d a n umarasiz. •

m etin d üzeltmesi s irasinda b ilinen b ir b oelugu d oldurmak ya d a y aziti t ümlem ek i gin k ullanilan s ayisi b elirgin o lmayan h arfler. b agintill h arfler,

aß l y

ab l c

s atir b ölümleri.

/a ß i t

/ a b c/

t aea ( ya d a e ldeki k opyaya) y an ne y a d a ö zürlü o larak y azilmie harfler; 5 6

t oparlayan t arafindan ö nerilen d üzeltm eler k ügük h arf m etinde g österilmi§tir; ( mevcutsa) g izimlere y e y orumlara b a§y urunua.

5 7

T URK9E K ISALTMALAR

A .

a .g.

B .

b as. b k.

D .

d üz.bas.

K .

kp.

:

k opya

L .

L ev.

:

l evha

M .

M M S

: :

M ilät'dan ö nce M ilät'dan s onra

g ek.

:

s ekil

T .

t art. t op.

: :

t artisma t oparlayan

V .

v .dit.

Y .

y ük.

e .

e serde

a di

: :

g e9en e serde

b ask] . b akiniz

d üzeltilmis

v e

:

b ask) .

e dilmis

d igerleri

y ükseklik

5 8

L ATINCE K ISALTMALAR A .

A y a d a A a n o w A b ac ad A diab

a

e dat den/-dan A (ulus) ö zel e rkek a di b k. n ovo

• ▪

A lexandria A rab A ug Au . Aur

▪

B .

B f B rit

: :

C .

C

D .

V E KELIMELERIN A NLAMLARI

a esli h arften ö nce g elen b ir ö n t aki y e e dat a/-e A diabenicus - Adiabene' ( Kuzey I rak) d e z afer k azanmie b u g ünkü I skenderun A rabicus - A rabistan'da z afer k azanmie A u/ ;ustus - i mparator ü nvani A ugustuslar A ur(elius) - ö zel

e rkek a di

B ona F ortuna t i imcesinde, bk. F (ortuna) B ritannicus - B ritanya .d a z afer kazanmie

C aesar - b k. C aes C aius - ö zel e rkek adi C aes C aesar - Kayser ü nvani b k. rupibus c aesis t ümcesine - bk. rupibus c aesis c aesis C aessrrbb : C aesaribus - Kayzerlere C abo C aius'un a, e hali - C aiuslara C app C appadocia - Kapadokya C l C laudius - ö zel e rkek adi C UL n o. 5 5 d e C ol(onia A rcnelais) = Aksaray n o. 6 0 ( B) C ol(onia) F austinianae = B aemak91 c onlapsa • b k. v ia c onplanatis: b k. m ontibus C aesis t ümcesine e rkek ö zel a di C onstantinian onsül C onsul • K c orrumpta ya d a c orrumpata b k. v ia v etustate c orrumpta t ümcesine C onsul - K onsül C os C um i le g örevli C urante c ivitas i i m erkezi y ol b aelangici c aput v iae

d y a d a d d: D y a d a DD: D ac d esig

d N ya d a d d NN - D omini N ostri Efendilerimiz D N ya d a D D NN - D ominus N oster Efendimis D acicus R omanya'da z afer kazanmie d esignatus b ir g öreve atanan ( ama g öreve h enüz b aelamamie o lan kimse) d icatissimus : e n s aygin k iei d ilatis d ilatis i tineribus t m cesinde g enieletilmi t e y ollar • •

• •

D ivus'un in hali 5 9

D ivus D om d omino d ominus

•

i lähi D omitius - ö zel e fendiye e fendi

e rkek a di

o nun v e

E .

e ius e t

F .

f elix - b k. P ius f elix f ilius ( 4 1 11 s tlitibus f aciendis b k. XV v ir s .f.de f e li c e s ; b k . p iu s f e li x f f F ortuna : B ona . ' o rtuna: i yi t alih o ( e rk ek ) y ap t i f ecit o nlar y apti f ecerunt b k. p ius f elix'e f elici f elices'in e h ali, t ekil f elix, bk. p ius f elicibus f elix : e n m utlu f elicissimus k. p ius f elix f elix • b b k. f ilius; o gul k elimesinin k isaltilmisi f t f ieri f ieri i ussit i gin b k. v ia b k. f ilius f il o gul'un e h ali, oeula f ilio o gul f ilius s inir f ines F lavius - ö zel e rkek a di F L F lavius - ö zel e rkek a di F la n c esur f ortissimus : e

G .

G G al G erm

I .

f

I mp I mterr I mpprrbb

G alerius - ö zel e rkek adi G alerius - ö zel e rkek a di G ermanicus: G ermanlara karsi i mparatorlara v erilen t i nvan

: :

z afer k azanmie

I mperator: i mparator I mreratores: g ogul, i mparatorlar I mparatoribus: i mparatorlarlin e h ali: i mparatorlara i ndulgentissimus : e n g ok h osgörulü o lan k iei i n : i nvictus'un k isaltmasi: i stila e dilmemis, z apt e dilmemie i nvie i nvictuseun k isaltmasi: i stila e dilmemie, z apt e dilmemie i nstituta h ali i nstitutam, g ogul den hali i nstitutis, b k. v iam I tineraria s eyahatnameler I tineribus i ntineraenin g oiul den hali I ul : I ulius - ö zel e rkek a di

6 0

i ussit

v iam

:

f ieri i ussit

t ümcesine b k.

K apadokya

K .

K app

L .

L l eg l egatus

Lucius - ö zel e rkek a di l egatus - e lgi l ezatus A ugusti p ro p raetore t ümcesinde, A ugustus'un k idemli e lgisi, b k p ro p raetore

M .

M

M arcus - ö zel e rkek a di m ilia - b in y a d a m iltaei m agnus - b üyük in h ali m agni - b üyügün h an, d urak y eni il m (ilia) p (assum) - b in a dim = 1 m il m (ilia) p (assum) - b in a dim = 1 m M arcus - ö zel e rkek a di m aximus - e n b üyük g ogul e hali, m aximo - e n b üyüklere a9kenti A ncyranorum: A nkaralilarin b m ilia - b in m ilia - b in b in y a d a m iltaei . b in a dim = 1 m il m ontibus c onplanatis t ümcesinde d üzeltilmie d aglar

i n m ag m agnus • m ansio m .p. m p ass Marc m ax • m aximus m etropolis : m i m il m ilia m ilia p assum m ontibus •

N .

n o eb pi o b

N y a d a NN n ovam

:

e h ali n epoti - t oruna n obilissimi - e n s oylu, e n s oyluya : n obilissimus C aesaribus t ümcesinde: e n s oylu K eyzarlara d N y a d a d d N N I k isaltmalarina b k. b k.'viam n ovam i nstitutam p erfecerunt' t ümc esine a n ovo - y eni/tekrar b k. v ia n umen'in e h ali - t anrisalliga, i lahilige

i yimser b k. o ptimus

l s i s i m i s •

n ovo n umini

0 .

optimus optumus

: :

P .

P arth P arthicus

: :

b k. P arthicus I ran v e I rakeda z afer k azanmie i mparatorlara v erilen ü nvan p ater p atriae : ü lkenin b abasi p er ( 4 . i h all): l ie p erfecerunt : b k. v ia 6 1

p io f elici p ius f elix

: :

b k. P ius f elix m utlu d indar / g ogulu p ii f elices - m utlu d indarlar k öprü, h ali p ontem: k öprüyü, g ogulu p ons p ontes - k öprüler; den h ali 2 ontibus k öprülerden p ontifex m aximus : b ae r ahip p ont. m ax aximus : e h ali p ontifici m aximo: b ae r ahip 'e p ontifex m p otestas i gin b k. t ribunicia p otestas t ümp ot c esine otest i gin b k. t ribunicia p otestas t ümce• p p otest s ine : in h ali p otestatis, den h ali p otestate p otestas b k. t ribunicia p otestas p ate/4 p atriae p p b k. p raeses p raes e yalet b aekani p raeses p raesidem h ali, b k. p raeses l ider; P rens; i mparator ü nvani p rinceps p ro p raetore k idemli ( kiei) p r p r ro p raetore - k idemli ( kiei) • p p ro p r p ro p raetore : b k. l egatus p roconsul - i mparator, Vali y a d a K onsülün p rocos ü nvani p rov p rovincia - e yalet p rovinc p rovincia - e yalet g oi tul in h ali p rovinciarum - e yaletlerin p rovincia b k. v ia p ublica p ublica P ylaslin y anlie t eläffuzu, G ülek b ogazini, P ulas P ylaetnin h ali P ylae P ylas'in h ali

q uintus

:

b eeinci

r estituerunt r estituit :

r upeslin den h ali b k. r upes k ayalar c aesis r upibus t ümcesinde k esilmie k ayalar : o nlar o nardilar; b k. v ia o o nardi; b k. v ia

S.

s .f. s anctissimus s emp • s tlitibus : s tratam s traverunt s ymper

s tlitibus f aciendis, b k. XV v ir : e n kutsal s emper - h er z aman, s ik s ik s tlitibus f aciendis t ümcesinde, b k. X V v ir b k. v iam s tratam t ümcesine ( yol) d öeettiler ( no. 2 3 ( A)) : s emper'in y anlie yaziliei

T .

t estimonia

k anit,

R .

r upibus rupes

i z

6 2

t r. p . : b k. t ribunicia p otestas t rib. p ot. : b k. t ribunicia p otestas t rib. p otest : b k. t ribunicia p otestas t ribunicia p otestas h alk t emsilcilerinin g ücü ( imparat orlar b u g ücü h er y il y eniletiyorlar) in h ali t ribuniciae - h alk t emsilcilerinin; den/-dan h ali t ribunicia - h alk t emsilciler inden t riumfator f atih, z apt e den, e/-a h ali t riumfatori, g ogul e/-a h ali t riumfatoribus t riumfatoris : ( no 4 3 ( A ) i i v e 4 5 ( B ) ii): t riumfatoribus'un y anlis yazilmis s ekli

U .

u sque

V .

V al v etustas

V alerius - ö zel e rkek adi den/-dan h ali v etustate, v iam v etustate c )nlapsam/corrumptam t ümcesinde b k. v iam v ia h ali v iam - y olu, g ogul: v iae y ollar; g ogul h ali v ias - y ollari, g ogul in h a l v iarum - y ollarin v iam f ieri i ussit : y ol y apilmasini e mretti v iam n ova i nstitutam p erfecerunt : y eni y olu g eleneklere b agli o larak y eniden y aptilar v iam p ublicam d evlet y olu v iam v etustate c onlapsam : y olun y illar b oyu e skiyip, g ökmesi v iam v etustate c orrumptam : y olun y illar b oyu a sinip, b ozulmasi v iam s tratam a n ova f ecerunt : t a r e d ösenmis y olu t ekrar y aptilar v ic : v ictor - z afer v ict : v ictor - z afer v ictor : e h ali v ictori - z afere; g o ul e hali v ictoribus zaferlere v ir : b k. XV v ir

X .

X V

v ir

k adariyla '

• •

s tlitibus

f aciendis

6 3

:

1 5 a damdan b irisi a tandi

S UREKLI K ULLANILAN B AZI I NGILIZCE KELIMELERIN TURKgELERI

ü zerinde :M ilatetan s onra : e k

A .

a bove AD appendix

B .

b ank b ed b efore B C b elow b end b etween b ibliography: b ottom b ridge

C .

c . c entre c ol c ross-roads

k lyi/sakil y atak ö nce M ilatqtan ö nce a ltinda d irsek/dönemeg a rasinda b ibliyografya d ip/alt k öpru

yaklaelk o larak :m erkez b cyun ( cografyada) :y ol kaveaki

c ross-tracks: a raba y olu k aveaki t o c ut :k esmek D .

d ate D HF d istance

t arih D avid H enry F rench :u zaklik/mesafe

E .

E e dge e d. ( I) e mend e mendation e nd e rror

d ogu :k enar :b aski : ( Ben) d üzeltirim : d üzeltme : s on : yanlie/hata

g ate

: kapi

h ighway k ill

: karayolu : t epe

i nscril otion

: yan't

j oin j unction

: b irleeme/baglanma : kaysak

knoll

: t epecik/kügük t epe

l ake l ocation

: g öl :y er,

m ain

:a na/esas

L .

m evki

M S m iltael ( not) m arked: i earetlen(me)mie m easured : ö lgülmüe

ail. modern

m.il ta,p. modern

N.

N kuzey yenj new not yet studied: h0.nU:1 c;:-111.�J lmBmJq no inscription visible: ,r.brLlnl.irdP. hjc;htr y;iut yok

O.

old opposite

eski zi t/ters/kar�i

p.

p. prison pylon

sayfa tutukevi/hapishane bUyuk elektrik diregi/trafo

H.

readin,; reversed ridie ruins

okuma/okunu�/yorum ters ylizli sirt (eografyada) y1k1nt1lar/harabeler

s. s

saddle s.carp school s.ee above see below sequence

shrine side site small station stream

r;tiney boyun (cografyada) U(iurum/ sarp okul yukariya bak : a�agiya bak ·sira/dUsen/ard1�1k11k kutsal yer kenar/taraf oren yeri kti