Report of the Technical Committee for Regional Government

Table of contents :
Front Cover
CHAPTER

Citation preview

al - Ittihad al - Ishtiraki al - Sudani . Technical Committee for Regional Government .

Report of the Technical Committee for Regional Government .

!!

JQ 3981 S8718 A3 1980CT F 2

R

NFO

STA

S

RIE

BRA

4

HOOVER INSTITUTION on War, Revolution , and Peace FOUNDED BY HERBERT HOOVER , 1919

‫سم ‪.1‬‬

‫الاتحاد الاشتراكي السوداني‬

‫ور‬

‫القوع‬

‫سنتر‬

‫الست ويق‬

‫شان‬

‫‪ 18‬ار‬

‫‪۸‬‬

‫هاد‬

‫اد‬ ‫ؤتم‬ ‫المتو‬

‫م‬

‫ای‬

‫الم‬

‫‪THE‬‬

‫‪OF‬‬

‫‪COMMITTEE‬‬

‫‪GOVERNMENT‬‬

‫اله‬

‫‪REPORT‬‬

‫‪TECHNICAL‬‬

‫‪REGIONAL‬‬

‫‪FOR‬‬

‫‪3 / 3 / N.C .‬‬

‫‪No.‬‬

‫‪Doc .‬‬

List

of

contents

Page 1

INTRODUCTION

OF REGIONAL GOVERNMENT POWDR S

CHAPTER

:::

LIST

ONE

THE LEGISLATIVE , EXECUTIVE & ADMINISTRATIVE AFFAIRS

PROPOSED AREAS

OF JURISDICTION

CHAPTER

12

.

49

THREE

CAPITAIS

...

BOUNDARIES &

45

TWO

FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC AFFAIRS

CHAPTER

8

63

臺

1

REPORT OF THE TECHNICAL COMMITTEE FOR REGIONAL GOVERNMETT

Introduction

The

Technical

tuted

in

Committee

accordance

the

Sudanese

man

of

the

with

Socialist

Committee

and member

of

prised forty

the

1 : aspects

of

its

the

of

devicing

economy

The

to

is

( 36 ) .

The

of

Chair

Vice - President com

the

the

juri

for Regional Go

study

Central

specialised

and

context

the

to

basic

the

reco

Committee

in

two in

of

studying

oneness

of

the

the

the Regional undertakes

and Regional

and Demographic basis

sub - committees , po

system which realises the

comnittee

good

of

according

constitute

boundaries

and

defined

session .

a financial

Geographical

natural resources

the

the

third

shall

second

considering the

respect

of

of Resources

within

proposals . of

its

Committee

integration

nese

President

manner :

resolutions at

has

Committee

Government

sub - committee

ssibility

President

undertakes

Regional

and

The

first

The

the

consti

Its membership

Bureau .

Technical

following

third meeting

2 :

No.

Sayed Abel Alier ,

the

Committee

the

mmendations

of

the

the

The of

( S.5.0 . )

of

was

persons .

sdictions in

Union

is

Government

the Resolution

Political

The Resolution

vernment

for Regional

for

Suda

Government's

the

function

Capitals

with

considerations ,

efficient

administra

tion .

The

Technical

held

sixteen

July

1979

three and

meetings

and

meetings

the

of

in

twenty

were

jurisdictions ,

determining

Committee , the

their

period

sixth

confined the

with its

of

to

formation

membership

full membership ,

between

November

clarifying or and

the

seventh

1979 .

The

its

their

of

first

functions

sub - committees ,

las

the

jurisdictions .

. ‫ ܕ‬Panning ...?...

the

about

The the

last

mulation

of

The of

the

Proposed Regional

meetings

of

the

Committee

specific

constituting

committee

a

Committee

with

the

two

and Regional

the

Presidential

completing

the

studies

and

considered to

administrative

by

ministrative

has

sub - committee

and

line

Boundaries

destined for

sub - committees reports ,

third

in

were

Set - up .

and

the

for

recommendations .

executive goes

finance , covered

the

Technical

gislative ,

general

of

discussion of

and

discussion

aspects

main

the

a

made

They

Committee .

National

the mi

and

Committee

Technical

the

of

meetings

joint

the

of

nutes

provided

vere

Presidency ,

the

by

conducted

studies

the

with

Committee

i'inancial

to

aspects

the

the

of

for

which were

( 36 )

with

le

This

affairs .

sub - committees

No.

pertaining

necessity

undertake

Capitals

Order

the

also

a view to

legislative ,

ad

the Regional Govern

inent .

Jurisdictions 1 .

of

Committee The

stems,

Sub - Committees

for

Committee

Financial should

and

the

financial

Government

and

the

should

also

submit

and National

nal

Governients

other The

the

on

between

on

the its

the

one

the People's

the

Ministry part

and

It

of Finance

explains

the

Government between

Executive

sy

Central

Councils .

Central

hand ,

financial

and

study

of

the

Committee

should

include

Councils

the

on

following

aspects :

Study

of Acts

and

financial regulations

applied

following :

Sources Government ;

of Revenues

and Lxpenses

of

the

the Regio

hand .

financial

a)

and

which

to

matters .

current

Executive

between

Governments

the

relations

proposals

financial relations Regional

study

People's

Economy ,

and Economic

Central

in

the

3

2 : cal

Sources

Study

termine to

gross

of

the

the

taxing

implication

what

extent

The

Conmittee

ties

and

the

system to of

is

requested

sources

of

Councils .

Government

d)

The

part

of

Committee

is

of

imbalance

vis - a- vis

To

supply

for

for

on

and the

Lo

to

de

people ,

and the

national

of

the

study

costing

for of

roads ,

Capital .

the Regional legislative

and

People's

as

shall

also

and

a

tackle

sub

the

evaluation

and

the regions . establishments

including water

It

civil

the

basic

Governrient ,

cars ,

duplicated

project

economic

the

equipments ,

the

to

commodi

effect .

this

to

the

the

and

system ,

services

the Regicnal

for

taxing

a

essential total

to

Government ,

requested

each Regional

wages

members

and

also

premises, electricity

includes

servants ,

as

well

executive Regional

sala as

Organs .

Conmittee for tive Affairs .

Legislative ,

Executive and Administra

The

is

to

Committee

executive

Regions ,

The

of

estimate

furnitures ,

their

side ,

other

financial

Committee

required

one

it

determine

subject

device

shall

recommendations

provision

tive ,

people

to

Central

The

state

2 .

the

overall

the

specific

ries ,

the

income

Local

f)

analyse

tax burden

affects

to

e)

the

it

tax with respect

the

of People's

income .

c)

mit

and Expenses

Government .

b)

and

of Revenues

and

and

requested

administrative

relation with

the

with

the

People's

determine

the

jurisdictions

legisla for

Central

Government ,

Executive

Councils

on

the on the

side .

Committee

regarding :

should

come

up

with

specific

recommendations

..

1

4

1 :

The Regional

idictions.

The

to

the Regions ,

by

the

Central

2 : tions ,

to

Legislative

sort and

Legislations

of

those

which

type

of

to

structure

The

relations

4:

The

how to

structure

choose

its

the Regional

and

hand

likewise 5 :

as

nancial

granted

to

delega

be

up

This his

the

how

includes

aides ,

on

the

and

how to the

se

relations

other

Body

hand .

the Regional Government . machinery .

administrative

Auditor

and

Body

and Legislative

Government

Administrative

basic

the

and

body

Executive

also

oust

determine

to

how

of

Organs .

Executive

to

membership

the

legislative

top

Body ,

General ,

units and

It

in

inclu

the Region

the Regional Fi

Institutions .

Study

Councils , study

as

of

the

Central well

should

certain the

includes

set

between the

for

them

jurisdic

be

Legislative

the Regional

Central

the regional

6 :

ring

the

and

The Regional

how to

of

Governor ,

on

The

those

also

and

Regional

members .

Governor

such

and

and Administrative

between the

des

to

determine

council

between the

Regional Executive

This

to

and Administrative

the Regional

how to

legislative

the Regional

one

delegated

Powers

Organ

of

represented ,

be

how to

lect

granted

it .

3 :

the

wholly

be

could be

Executive

Executive

the Regional Executive

ted

to

juris

Government .

The Regional the

and Administrative

of

accompanied

amendments

the

the

People's

Local

to

ment

proposals .

Local

is

Committee

it

Committee

of

requested Act on

and

the

Executive

a recormendation

by

the

relations

Government

of Regional Government

Government

reconsidering

view

which

Central

committee

However ,

constitutional and

People's

the

establishment

solutions

and

Governuent , / the People's

as be

legal

to

its

light

the

sees

cove

convenient

within

the

Re

S.S.U.

look deeper anendments of

Councils .

the

into

with

Regional

the

a Govern

5

1.

(b)

to

works ,

to

in the

dy ,

into these

and

to

( e)

to

down

the

health

and water

between

those

any

for

distances ,

the

provinces ,

adopted

these

of

beforehand under

to stu

arendments .

or

educational

the

East ,

services

supplies ;

of the Regions

cultural in any

social

Regions West ,

or his

under

North ,

study .

South ,

each Region .

The

Committee

ning

the

number

guided

by

Socialist

the

and

transportation net

current

resolution

mention reasons

2 .

3 .

any

boundaries

mark

the

boundaries

account ,

and

plans ;

details

characteristics

( f) for

future

in

the

to mark

torical

any

communication

of Education ,

mark

to

taking

the

examine

domain

(a)

amend

record

including

(c)

study ;

under

arcas

in the

of population

number

the

record

and

investigate

to

( a)

and Regional Capitals .

Boundaries

for

Committee

3 .

The

the

to

of

Committee

the

boundaries

President

of

to

and the

concer be

Sudanese

effect .

this

also recommend

should

founding

proposed Regions ,

following

their

of Regions ,

proposals

Union

forward recommendations

should

the

location

its recommendations

of the

on

considerations :

( a)

Availability

(b)

Easy

water

adequate

of

accessability

to

all

or

sources ;

most

parts

of

the

region ; ( c)

sivailability for

employees ,

sources (a )

of

Presence

of of

( potential

lodging or

cheap cheap

the

availability

sources

existing ) ; historical

siny

important

(f)

Any

attractive

and of

offices sufficient

building materials ;

or

(e)

facilities

concepts ;

of

electric

reason ;

energy

重量

6

(8) in

To

consider

the Region ( h)

Any

on

the

the

view point

afore

mentioned

additional

other

of

of

a)

The

ttee

held

points

eight

comprehensively

principles

which led

Government

is

tacted Resource

the

ideal

one ,

Committee

held

It

financial relations

further

It

studies ,

stituted

in the

to

the

study

resources since was

seen

also

was

Ministry

the

committee the

has

studies

financial

the

Government would

be

a

and

Finance the

current

situation demanded committee

and liational

distribution local

finished should

be and

between

central

and Na

Government

select

the

con

of

Economy financial

units .

its

con

And

work ,

it

considered

as

in

the

the

view

of

People's

and regional

a

Local

organs

quodified .

The

held

fourteen netin , s .

Committee

persons

information , sulted

of

Local

afterwards

the

meetings

about

the

is

yet

relations

Institutions ,

eignt

and

shape

and

c)

resource

the

not

present

procedure ,

Regional

that

central

provisional

the

of Finance

system ,

Regional Govern

that

studies

there

about

studies

important

People's

patent

study

the

Ministry

made

with the

taxing

that

the

specially

between

this

in

to

containing

conviction

the

persons

Economy .

Institutions .

to

most

the

Financial

The

government ,

federal

cormi

the Regional

of

comparative

conducted

also

managed

aspects

constitutional

the

it

which

during

meetings

It

the

and

tional

people

g.

administrative

and

Regional Administration vis - a - vis

b)

2 to

of

reasons .

executive

legislativé ,

Government .

ment

sector

Sub - Committees :

Work

the

a

the

for

Boundaries It

contacted

in Ministries

data and

and Regional

and

statements .

Comriissioner

of Khartoum

a

Capitals

big number

Corporations The and

Committee the

to

of collect

also

con

Commissioner

7

of

the

the

Blue

Nile

division

Province

of regions

and

sought

and the

their

selection

opinions or their

about capita

Is .

Likewise persons

in

Supply ,

the

the

the

Committee

Public

Roads

and

held meetings

Corporation for Bridges

with resource

Water

Department

and

and Electric Statistics

Department .

The to

the

Sub - committees

Technical

Committee

them

comprehensively

cane

up

with the

raised

in

their

studies

which

on

its

part

a number

of

lengthy

following recommendations :

and reports discussed sittings

and

8 A memorandum of

annexed

the Legislation Regional System

A

list

In and

without

Government

executive

to

the

within

the

the

the

of Government

powers :

National

undertakes

functions

for

Central Government's

the

prejudice

the Report

Committee

the Regional Governments '

of

conformity with

gional

to

jurisdictions ,

imunities ,

following

context

of

the Re

legislative the

and

specific Re

gion :

1 :

The

ruling

ning

of Order ,

Development prescribed of

3:

Fire

6:

law

of

and

and

the

administration , its

of

interests ,

maintai

and gene

financial resources

approved

of

prescribed

and

their

services

by

the

central

power

the

supervision

of of

People's its

insti

performance .

Police and

systems

and Prisons

the

running

of

forces their

as

well

as

institutions

the Region .

The

organising

of

Educational

and

Cultural

services

the Region .

Sponsoring well

7 :

by

Supervising

in

of

utilisation

Government

tutions

5 :

and

Development

in

sponsoring

its

the region .

Local

4 :

the Region ,

discipline .

ral 2 :

of

as

tion

the

of

with

9:

Exploitation

benevolent

affairs

of

of

Sanitary

of

the

water

associations ,

as

the Region .

in

commerce

local

concerned

the

Organising

from

and

cooperative

sponsoring

8 :

ssion

social

religious

the

Organising ding

of

and

industries

supply in

inclu

coordina

organs .

services

in

and mineral

concerned

the Region .

wealth by

a permi

central authorities .

:

9

10 :

Organising

and

wealth in

11 :

Control

and

animal

the

means

of

transport

and

communication

Town planning the

service

civil

of

and manpower

well

as

the

as

of recruitment .

system

14 :

agricultural

the Region .

in

13 :

of

the Region .

Organising

12 :

sponsoring

and

organising

Organising

provision

of Regional

and

promoting

of

its requirements

and

Lands .

touristic

attraction in

the

Region .

2 .

Restrictions on The

based from

National People's

on a vote

by

any Regional

period ,

Central

the

some

of

issembly may with its

issembly may

passing

of

a bill

National

People's

issembly

regional

Assembly

and

Legislations .

nay

request

members ,

or

postpone , or

any

on a request

for

a National

table

the

a resolution

a

definite The

plan .

bill

before

redommendations

any

to

this

to

this

effect .

Removal

3 .

riccording effect

to

the

in

blic

for

of the Region .

recommendations

a recommendation

rity

be

issued

the Regional assembly

to

the

the

removal

looses

performances . President

is

formulated

to

Assembly

4 .

the Head

of

of

the

confidence Accordingly

endorsing

Committee ,

to

in

the Regional

the

President

of

the Region .

him in view of

a resolution is

the Repu If

his

the

public

issued by

the

the

the Regional Assembly .

recomiendations

a recommendation is

the Region to

of

two - third majo

this recommendation .

The Dissolving of îccording

head

by

President

Assembly

of

to

be

formulated

issued

the Republic

if the Regions '

by for

Governor

by

the

the Head

of

dissolving sees that

jo

it

is

in

to

the

the

interes ,

electors

this

case ,

tion

to

of

renew

to

the TIC a

v

Governient

political

the

the

President

the

ine Regional

Region

resort

delegation .

must

raise

a

In

recommenda

accompanied

the vepublic

of

to

with

an

explanatory note ,

Whenever

a resociion

dissolving the legional ciures to

shall

convene

within

wed

to

first

recommend ycar

or

In Her

in

have

the

its

tackling the

to

date

proce

.ssembly

new of

issuing

the

Region

dissolving

of

the

New Hussembly

status

the

to

its

consider

we

sets

not

us which So

we

should be

a

Direct

and

political

should

Government ,

the

of Khartoum

social

commercial

Coun

the

a

and

of

place

consider

National

elections

for

is

not

and the

allo in

the

lic'e - time .

the

first

that

from

President

head

industrial ,

tails

new

the

constitute

days the

by

Koun Oi

Status

5.

sixty

However ,

issued

assembly ,

under - alento

be

resolution .

is

is

academic

being

liucrse special

á

story

status

ve

entity by

we its

have This

status .

local

consi

people ,

history ,

sponsored

the

to

interest ,

of its

security

inpose

have

" ational

structure

and

we

also en

in place

the

of

Central

viewpoint

that

surviviset ly

the

Khar Strong

Government .

10

Pucoenu

1 :

comprise ments

The

Capital

-15 ,

an

2 :

a

for The

u

the

Cercral

to

be

in

covered

Boundaries Cavival

and

be

status

contrary

for

to

injer endent auministrative

tem within vernment,

shall

Khartou ? Province

which

Committee

füilong

ihe

Government.

by

the

repair

context

delegatoù Tho

all

of

Capital :

other regio

unit ,

conformity with

and

the

to

shall

amend

recommendations

and Regional

shal ..

the

of

the

Capitals . enjoy

the

integrated

People's

some reasonable Capital shall

not

sys

Local Go

powers

by

constitute

11

an

independent Region .

ons ,

administrative

from

the Regional

It

shall

entity ,

system

and

have

its

its

own

of Government

own

jurisdictio

set - up , and

its

different terms

of

reference .

3 :

Capital's

The ctly

President its

part

it

by

6 .

and

More

1 :

without without

The

unless

minational

to

provide

prejudice

to to

legislative

are

on the they It

free

are

is

not

be

Government

dire

( the

Central Government

on

essential

services

and

Local Government

en

the the

delegation

given

to

power .

not

are

tions

on the

all

other materials

the

concerned

free

of

work

allowed

movement

the

in

to of

any restric across

concerned

to

the Regions

authorities ,

impose persons

Sudanese

and

not

by

to

allowed

the

across

central

movement

also

in residence ,

The Regions

allowed

permited

system between

rights

2 :

Central The

prejuäice

regions

authorities .

their

the

shall

National Immunities .

tions regions

undertake

subsidiary

the

by

his Ministers ) .

shall

requirements tities ,

supervised

and

Administration

local

set

up

people any

the

central

any discri

as

regards

region .

impose

any

commodities unless

restric and

permited

by

12

One

Chapter

The

1 .

Legislative ,

Regional

The

Executive the

This

in

for

would

include

to

was

tackled

chapter to

Judiciary

texts

a)

it

power

entails

and

Administrative Affairs

the

Constituticnal

observed

confined

of Decentralisation

Then

Government

and

Committee

Constitution

principle

chapter .

and

Government

Technical

Permanent the

Executive

the

the

that

to

in

the

approving

its

the People's

first

Local

seven ,

and

directed

establish

its

institutions ,

to

define

devicing

its

the

jurisdictions ,

of new constitutional

proposed Regional Government .

This

:

Government

as

of Regional

principle

the

approve

a

system of rule

in

the

Sudan .

b)

To

state

powers c)

To

constitutionally

the

to

state

the

the

content

Supreme

National

the

delegated

Government .

Regional

Government within

of

the

Regional

context

legislations

of

and

the

their

sovereignity .

a)

To

state ,

in

legislative

Governments .

text : ..

general ,

structure

the

of

executive

the

and

Regional

13

e)

f)

state

To

any

the

objectives

and

its relations

resort

To

defining

the

the

its

setup ,

2 .

to

of

the

procedures

Article

gives

a

legislations

National

and

and

System

legislative

relations .

:

constitutional

Regional hutonomy Act ,

ana

difference

South

and

system applied

in

the

Rest

the

Regions ,

be

subject

and

consideration

experiences .

to

the

of

Northern

they would be unified by

the

constitutional

result

3 .

in

some

judiciary

undertaking

of

the

legislations

central

levels

of

Provinces ,

system .

practice

might

discrepency .

Regional Government and

The

some

different

the

different

the

the

in

comparison

regards

However ,

As

according

to

iany

the

would

power

-

between

of

Governement

organs .

other

executive

Regional

pertaining

Regional

with

basic

Comparative

(8)

provisions

other

judiciary

shall

always

Central

or

orders

powers

the

to

Judiciary

remain

Government ,

to

the

be

to

:

be

the

save

for

delegated by

Regional

the

authorities .

14

4 . The Regional

The

Regional

Central

Regional

system

In have

A.

to

The

the

necessary

follow the

the

observed

the

shape

that

the

of the a Presiden

tial .

The

following

Southern

system for the

a parliamentary

one

Political Bureau

study it

considerations

:

prescribed is

and

it was

and

took

decided

in

the

tutions

of

to

guarantee

support

for

the

previous

South

the

decision

six years

fostered between

councils

and

Southern

Region ,

High

organising relations

Proposed Regional

be

initiative

this insti

popular

taken .

be

the

and

the

Regional

made

within

presiden

Political

Executive

could

the

experience ,

contacts

the

to

not

that

matter be negotiated

The

on

the

following

and necessarily becomes

respect

Region

to

it

based

to

,

this be

Is

Central System :

adapted

is

However ,

:

should

system ,

one ?

system which

itself

poses

the

should be

principle .

question

tial

visèvis

systems

government

Presidential

Central

System

the

legislative

Council use

of

in the

in

framework of

the

System .

B. The

considerations

Presidential

system

calling at

the

for

the

regional

adoption level ,

of are

the

‫܀‪-‬‬

15

the

guarantee

the

dispersion

order

to

be

economic

Regional

its

the

take

logic

the

since

the

yet ,

Central

it

is

National

enable

behind

central

legislations

regional

statusque ,

ment ,

in

thus

to

strip

jurisdictions .

to

make

the

their

regions

own

affairs

is undee taking

to

a

regional

this

to

policy would

classify

adapt

more

the

the

them to

the

flexibility

provided

in

throughout

is

the

central

general ,

or

legislation

the

of

for

the

might

Regional

a

sort

potentialities ,

of

powers but

govern

certain regions and which are

powers .

of more

authentic

and

the

in

position

organising

specialisations

the

either

This

is

:

regions .

have considerable

need

its

policies would be

Nevertheless ,

increase

off

government

National

different

external ,

Legislation

in a

Moreover ,

central

legislative

not

government

concerns .

the

the

dominates

this ,

of

in

powers ,

and Central Legislations

initiative

the

despite

challenges .

security

Regional Authority

The

withstand

to

sovereignity

legislations ,

political

the

of

Admitting that view of

regional stability ,

able

and

System

of

delegation added

to

the

mainly attributed

to

the

which in

í

-

75

central

legiw.clive

amendment

or repealis

legis ' ative power

to

the

it

is

regicns

so

Euld

it

vinene ier

though

it

is

amendment ,

comes

as

result

executive

grant

powers

regional

to

delegation

resolutions

legislacive

io

which which

bodies ,

the President

the

of

Central Ministers

the

or

Republic

of

the

coninec

powers vhion are

central

subject

than

the

the

to

granted

authentic

to

subject

delegation

more a

is

dec : les .

legislative

central

The

wall ,

The Regiona ? Iveteatre avec

There 1 .

in

to

is

thell

specy the

different

a)

nor

ways

Either

this

list

arc

ralic

ic

by

options,

02

list

the

Central

prejudice

Cufc

to

the

Toen

to

system

them

functions

by

hat

the

it .

This

ares

not

she

powers

Government

stating

het

na tional lerisiative

stimulates

the

of

or sceeding the

respecy ,

ÜSTOT

Regior

two

:

Legislations In

01

gional legislative

moi.opolised

witnut

on ';

any

the of

regional

central that

Central

is because

neopardise

Covereignity .

ones .

long powers

the

the

This

begivnal system is

17

prohibited field .

from

entering

into

that

monopoliesd

Consequently any legislation

jeopardise's

the

National

one

single

that

Law would be

legally

invalid .

But

to

have

powers

not

embodied

regions .

the

National

of a

the

list

considerable

seriousness

might not

by

Constitutional

text ,

will

However , because

its

full

2 .

or

the

regional

to

according to

this the

capable

make

to

have

the

precaution

Central

trace

one

list

government the

all

3 .

or

to

and

specialisations

and

the

make

other

later

two

concerned

of

of a

into

account

thus

the

adopt

them .

groundless in view of

is

legislations .

of powers which

delegates

to

legislations

make

the

one

its

procedure

local

more

is

government

powers .

concerned

Central

with

own

This the

enjoys

lists , of

is

regional

that undertaken by

though the

to

for

some

all

sovereignity

Constitution .

system

and

Government

legislative to

taken

chnace

go

degree

rise

and which were

the

this might

would

that

annoying

sudden

region

similar

in

is

It

legislations

list,

situation which all other

a

to

rise

give

modeled

with

powers

Government ,

specialisations

and

|

18.

powers

of

the

Regional

were not

mentioned

would

for

go

and

the

а. a)

Third

of

the Regional

Region

National the

list

prefered

the

adoption

Accordingly

the

jurisdictions

the

Central

Government

is not

domains ,

in matters

Justice ,

Government

are

unless

but

other

to

it

as

and

follows

:

can

legislations

undertake following

:

and Advocate

.

Defence

3 .

Foreign Affairs

4.

Nationality ,

5 .

Means

and National Security

of

and

International

Immigration ,

Communication

and

and

6 .

Water

7 .

Currency .

sources

Export

across

the

Transportation

country .

and Commerce .

Diplomacy .

Foreigner's Affairs .

country .

Import ,

delegated by

issue

than the

General Prosecution

2 .

the

allowed ,

People's Assembly ,

Profession

8.

government

:

following

legislation

1.

of

powers which

Specialisations and Jurisdictions of the Central

The

in

regional

The

Governemnt .

principle .

Government

the

Central

specialisations

those

the

Technical Committee

The

of

the

in

Government .

across

TQ3981

9.

Imports

10.

National

a :

ll .

systems

( criterions,

Systems

Immuned

1 .

and Export's

of

economic

names

of National

transactions

patents

such

encies ) .

and A

and Regional Elections

Cential Affairs

Constitutional

Tax

.

:

Institutions

( Luditor General

Elections Committee ) .

2 .

The

Subsidiary hdininistrative

the

legislative

Protocols ,

emanating

4.

Procedures

National Lands

and

immovable

the

Public

The

Ozder ,

by

Central

and Frecautions

properties belonging

Central Covernment

Corporations

and

affiliated

their

public

impeded

to

and lational

a

legislation

the national

or

a

the

Central

Central

undertake

Projects

to

funds .

Constitutional Personnel

Plans

the

Government

Central

wherever

7 .

Ordurs ,

the

Gvernment

6 .

Judiciary ,

from

to

5 .

the

following

inachinery ,

Executivo

3 .

To

:

organs

their

based

on

resolution

Foople's Assembly

Officials

functions .

a Presidential

adopted

20 1 .

The

Taxing System

1 .

The

:

imposed

from

time

to

time

by

the

taxes

the

monopolises

Central Government

Financial

Relations

Committee .

2.

system ,

b )

there

Whenever

A

priority is

list

The

of

duplication

is

given

to

within

the

its

development and

for

achieving prosperity discipline

Governing and

to

the

to

the

the

the

the

for main

Region .

afore - mentioned

undertakes

the

Region ,

responsible

people ,

in

Regional

jurisdictions ,

and also

administration

order

and

the

following

of

according concerned

to

of

discipline

its

the

Region ,

inside

the

interests .

the

financial

law cr by

permision

Development and utilising

from

their

the

administration of

order

sponsoring

resources

and

:

maintaining

2 .

of

progress ,

and

Government

Region ,

the

prejudice

jurisdictions

1.

for

context

responsible

Without

taxes .

the Regional Government's powerg :

are

Regional

Central

Regional People's Assembly

Governor ,

taining

the

taxing

the

in

Central

of

authorities .

21

3.

Development

of

institutions

Supervision

the

5 .

To

organise

the

7 .

E.

as

well

Po

organise

in

the

To

organise

as

well

To

in

the

control

of

and Fire

os

the

social

its

Forces ,

and

Region .

societies ,

and benevolent

social

as religious

institutions

provision

of

in

the

sanitary

Region .

services

Region .

as

concerned

9.

Prisons

provision

services

of

and

Local

institutions

these

of

running

Sponsoring

of People's

performance .

their

and

of Police ,

educational

6.

system

supervision

Government ,

4.

the

commerce , industry

central

exploit water

supply and

in

cooperation

co - ordination

with

the

authorities .

sources

by a permision from

the

and

mineral

central

wealth

competent

authorities .

10.

To

organise

wealth

ll .

To

in

the

organise

transport

and

in

sponsor

agriculture

and

animal

Region .

the ncans

of

the Region ,

cornunication and

22

4

12 .

To

organise

man power and

and

the

sponsor civil

service

and

of recruitment

system

the

in

Rugion .

13.

Undertaking basic

To

Town

requirements

belonging

14.

of

to

promote

the

and

planning , and

providing

organising

the

the

lands

Region .

organise

tourism

in

the

Region ,

The Legislative Organ

In

each region

established , be

its

a

formation

council

is

to be

jurisdictions

and

to

defined .

The Structure of

To

saveguard

forces ,

the

the Regional Legislative Organ :

the

of

mining

in

the

it relates to

the

The

both

at

effected

geographical

administrative

people

integrety of

to

ones .

region

alliance

through

the

constituencies

and

Thus

the

in

the

deter

representation

will

be

integrated ,

citizenship

or

to

social

the

of

whether

constituencies

status ,

election rules

the

the

parliamentary representation

Regional Assembly is

or

legislative

regional

shall

and

at

determine

the

the

national

ratios

level .

.

-

23

The

regional

defining

election

question

shall

National

setup .

through

constituencies

be

Elections

Regional

and Central

one

go .

Committee

The

economic .

in National

would

and

The

those

necessitates

be

for

Both

the

of

Assembly

the

the

the

have

equal subject

has

region

so come

that

be

elected

method

both

the

to

deal

with

affairs

campaign

Although

duration

of

of

the

disolved

the

step

the

it

might

the

National

Assembly .

abruptly .

adoption

towards

National

from inside

local

for both National

that

a

National

ones .

election

be

in

is

for

considered

the

that

compete

to

as

so

interested

the

to

this

a device

are

duration

representation

representation of

that

Regional

of

same

Committee

regional

of

who

prefer

the

to

them are

Tre

noted

would

and Regional Assembly .

suitable

Regional

whole

conducted

innovate

members

would

who

The unification

not

for

dermined

analogy

campaign

candidates

concerns

compete

Assembly

be

the

So

the

to

election

the

the

seats ,

can not

would be

endeavoured

unifying

more

criterions

text .

determined by

Committee

for

the

secret balloting .

the

The

and

constitutional

stagnent

by a

electorate ,

of

National

representatives Regional Assembly .

24

13 But

in

would and

our

own assessment

jeopardige

might

small

give

number

for grouping

apply

to

the

rise

of

to

election

close

region ,

elections ,

the

This

of

the

the with

of an

provisions

interests

internal similar

and

less

The

Legislative

the

Regional Assembly

to

Government Act ,

the

that

of

they are

in

We

conduct the

the

procedures

flexible .

relation

between

suggest

regulation ,

National

flexible

more

Article

the

( 28 )

of

legislative

People's Executive

reflects

the

concern

power

the

people ,

However ,

Article

restrictions

of

the Governor and

:

the

some

candidates

people

the

make

of

to

does not

complicated .

According

hands

pretexts

:

business

to

though

People's Assembly ,

the

the

people .

Regional Assembly more

laying

of

situation

where

relations between

their mutual

system ,

find

They may

Procedures of Regional Assembly

The

elections

corruption because

tribalism .

directly represent

indirect

democratic

electors .

and

direct

the

of

the

( 6) this

of

the

People's

power

is

power ,

the

Councils which

government

the

in

Local

to

same Act , for

it

handle

poses

gives

the

25

Crmnissicnił adopted by concerned

the

the

right

to

Executive

matters .

hamper

any resolution

Council

So ,

the

in

any of

question

the

which

poses

..

Is the

it

convenient

Regional

As

System

a matter

Proposed

Regional

determination .

will

of

by

the

the

more

the

System

It

is

might

the

Regional

Under

is

the

the

lities .

to

relation

So

based

in

consider

be

the the

acceptable

jeopardised by

Governor's

the

present

the

as

a

in

we

have

new popular

that

the

resolution adopted

a resolution

to

resort

on

the

integration

powers

and

those

to

We

spontaneous

can move

issue

Local

of

If

to

a

the

a

cackle

provincia .

this

is

situation

in

rule

the

entails more

that

Local cases ,

exceptional

Government ,

Government

to

in

legislation

Local

iinagine

of People's

cocal

Assembly ,

Peolpe's

Regicnal

system

Commissioner

law .

Regional

of the

nainstay

suspend

device

authority

pov'erful

same

Assembly .

Government ,

has no

the

not

Regional Council .

between

of

fact ,

people

flexible

under

apply

?

Governor to

tho

from

of

to

orders as the

is

hands

practical

wider power

responsibi

requiring a

situation by

force

of

26

law ,

the

Hence ,

eminates

Regional

Government

jurisdictions

subject

Regional Assembly . its

effect

resultant

and

the

executive

powers

of

Regional

the

Constitution ,

President

In

:

the

shall

within

case

tory note ,

a

and

legislative

in

legislative

the

the

considering

Republic

not

the Bill

come

as

the

power

embodied

in

following :

period

adopted as

unless

carried his

of

time ,

the

otherwise

Governor has

the Assembly with an

by a

his

on .

The Assembly has

it

forre

ist also express

objection ,

to

into

Governor and

limited

carried

of any

passes

the

:

He

will be

titution ,

eraising

Regional Assembly introduced

thereupon .

send back

will be

the

the

view point

it

the

the Assembly

integrated

suggest

approved by

signature

are

Central

we

case

These Bills

jf

of

approved by

system where

of the

legislations

In

approval

legislation

the

the

the Bill

give

effects .

and

and

If not

for a

are

the

to

legislative

would be hampered without

relation between

they

to

inspiring

Firstly

justification

provisional

So ,

field

some

the

to

explana

review the Bill ,

two - third najority ,

a valid

to

law according

to

the Bill the

Cons

27

Secondly

In

:

legislations The

only

shall

in

its

the

Governor

provisional

the

leave

of

submit

these

legislations

first

sitting .

the

validity would

the

date

the

If

be

Regional

the Bill

terminated

provisional

refute

them ,

backdated to

be

some

legislations

to

Assembly ,

and

the Assembly

was not

within

passed ,

one

month

of

convening .

of

The Regional Assembly has

these

introduced

:

Governor may issue

during

he

case

and

orders

the

defined by

either

validity

consequences the

the

or

to

option towards

pass

them

or

to

terminates without

to be

internal

amended

business

in a

manner

conduct

regulations .

The Relation and

According

function

the Regional Assembly

the Central

to

Legislative Body

the

between

the is

Legislative Body

Constitution ,

the

only

of legislation ,

the

Central

organ which undertakes

unless

otherwise

delegated .

The

legislations

governed by Article This to

be

entails

that

a month by

( 11 )

these

tabled before

their issuing .

adopted by

of

the

rules ,

Interpretation orders

the essembly

The Assembly may

a resolution without

delegation are

Act .

and regulations

immediately after repeal

them within

jeopardising

the

validity

1

28

of its

previous application ,

au thority

delegated

However , to

include

the

Assemblies ,

their

is

legislations

whether

based

Internal

issue

possible

on

to

Conduct

right

amend

this

issued by

or

whether

legislative

Regulations

Legislation Committee

tackles

lations

issued by

and

would be

submitted

The

repeal

central

those

to

Regions

issued

On the

legislations

the

Regional

authority

could be

repealed

of a bill

and the

legislation .

immuned

the

stipulated or

amended

issuing

a

of an

official

National

a motion by

some

its

of

legis

central

practice

the

hand

of

the

the

Consitution , the

dominant

presntation central

the Region

arrangements

is

issued

in

legislation .

People's

of

some

each Bill .

other

Restrictions on Central Legislations

The

view of

interfer and

through

The Authority of

from any central

form

of

in

Regional

these

through

delegation by a resolution .

through

system

determine

about

legislative Body may

enacted

the

their view points

the Assembly

legislations

of

delegation .

would

how the

the

the

au thentic in

validity ,

central

the

new arrangements .

they are

constitutional

them are The

it

to

or

Assembly ,

members ,

or

:

according

to

according to

1

29

an appeal for a

by

any regional

limited time ,

the

National

plan presented

the

before

bill

any

Assembly ,

passing to

it ,

of tho

Committee

in

shall issue

this respect ,

Government , resort

to

The

or

Governor

this

The

of

a recommendation recommendation

Wherever

be

effect .

convene

shall

raise

the

Governor

of

interest

the

the

Regional

entails

the

delegation .

political

the recommendation to

Republic

showing

of

disolving

favour

renew the

the

of

is

Governor

accompanied by an

reasons

for

is not

disolving

already

that

led him to

the

to

within

Republic

shall

be

for

held

constitute sixty

is

days

allowed

to

issue

the Assembly ,

issued

a resolution

elections

adopted

in

National

to

the

is

:

Regional

for

table

attitude .

Regional

President

it

if the

explanatory note

adopt

if

electors

President

new

this

the

a recommendation

Regional Assembly

the

to

a

assemblies ,

recorrendations

the

to

or

and may also

Disolving of the Regional Assembly

According

postpone

of a bill

Regional

and ask for recommendations

The

ray

to

dcpose

adopted by

disolving

if a

him .

the

the Assembly

and new procedures

shall

a new issembly which will from the

date

of

issuing

30

the

resolution .

not

allowed

Assembly

The

Regional

The

recommend

during

buthority

1.

to

of

the

the

first

Executive

Governor

the

respect ,

this

In

desolving

year

Organ

of

its

of

the

life

:

the Regional Executive

Organ

:

Organ

shall

any Regional Jurisdictions

other

than

the

to

it by

it ,

new

time .

Regional Executive

granted to

is

not

practise

jurisdictions

or

those

delegated

Executive

Organ

shall undertake

the

legislations

any

the

Central Power .

2.

The

powers

of

than to

system

than

the

would

powers

Central

is

more

the

Central

simplified

executive

powers

implementation This

is

the

the

flexible

Region

Regional of

delegation

relation

its

more

the

the

other

Government .

and

to

of

because

complicate

proposed

confined

unless

otherwise

Power ,

and

powers .

by

or

the

with

exeoution

of

the

Policies .

the

subject

it

Organ which undertakes

National

In

to

is

delegate

legislations .

power

Regional

delegated

This

other

the

to

to

system , the

Regional

Regional

delegated by

in practising

the

the

its

supervision

of

the

legislations Central

functions ,

the

Executive

it

Executive

is

delegated Central

-

ntation

impleme

中

--31

The

Executive

Wo the

have

:

already mentioned

selection

liamentary

Structure

of

considerations

a Presidontial

System

for

the

The

following are

the

availabls

a)

The

Presidential

The

Region's Governor

authority

the Region .

of

the

to

and

to

any

popular

2.

shall be

the

without

This

extremity tendencies

any

the

President

legal

guarantees

the

part

specially

consolidated

in

which

as

a

a balance

of any regional during

the

and

the

National

the

regional

mature .

practice

is

Or

nominated by

the

President

Rcpublic

in

collaboration with

lossembly

or

at

tation .

This

should bc

restriction ,

which acts

on

of

procedure

Unity

not

one

take

popularity

stage

to be

will

Powers

his

transitional

not

solo

:

influence

is

the

Executive

nominated by

region ,

the

Par

options

consider politcally

unifying

for

forms

be

Republic

a

Government .

His nomination

the

or

Option :

following

Either

in

Regional

for conducting

in

System

for

least entails

informed

of

through that

the

of

Regional

Special

the

the

Consul

President

the view points

of the

32.

Parliamentary Members in recommending keeness in

The

the

or

some

of

obsolute

contribution

the bossembly

one

choses

Assembly nominates President

some

their

criterions

is

a

more

choses

two

the

candidates

of

them or

candidates

and

President

directly nominates

is

supported

by

Region ,

from the

or

the

of them .

one

competetive

and

the

the

general

the

or

consultation whereby some

who

conceptions

selection .

President nominates

Or

their

candidates ,

confirmation

desciplined

3 .

and

the

Region

election

one

through

to

indirectly by

the

be

held

in

a resolution

Regional assembly which

choses

the

Regional Governor .

The

Third

reflects

and In

Option

the

the

one

significance

the handling this respect

objective

is

power

of it

is

which the

reach ,

which

truly

of

decentralisation

to

the

considered

people . the

ideal

Regional Government

expected

to

but until

restored

in National

confidence

relations and

sound popular resolution ,

far

in

from any

is

the

33

deviation

in the

extruity

of

peting

being 2-

for

between

In this

to

The

This

S.S.U.

Regional

Congress ,

the

National

as

well

of

tribalism

to

this

opuion ,

remote

this

the

and his

the Regional will ,

grouping ,

will

struggle .

we

collaboration

System

tiegional

local

It

that

his

will

for

is

election

of

will

it

this

might

to

be

and

local

reason

iccording to the

by

Executive

subject

option .

oust

rea

dismembership

be

also

It

might

de centralisation

popular

the

rise

the region's

of

Option

Power

give

one

authority .

subjecting

deviation .

chooses

leadership

as

and

Governor .

Parliamentary

the

a degree

Governor

Republic

the

to

nominated

Region's

directly

also

are

to

Although

meeting

People's

commitment

local

joint

a

Regional

Parliamentary

lise

the most convenient .

the

the

that

the

the

guaranteed ,

with

b)

be

com-

is

Part

candidates

of

the

or

Option ,

way

Governor

be

the

Until

Second

of

Body

three

them

the

the

President

the

leadership .

through

and

spirit ,

tribalisil which

effected

issembly

of

the

consideret

be

where

local

accomplished ,

is

will

legional

region's

determined

34

by

the

majority

Council .

His

likewise

meet

Since

of

members

executive

the Region's

responsibilities , many big and

the

collaborators

serious

issues ,

responsible and

içollaborate with the

Regional

oouncil ,

entrusted

central

S.S.U. these by

The

and

matters ,

in

the

this

Technical

be

1.

The

duration

to as

some

his the

in view of all

was

fully

discussed

successive

for

the

rule will

could be

of

be

four years

for

terms .

Government

shall

transitional

period not

less

shall not

first Regional

nominated by

period .

the

selection

nominated

Regional

months and

that

:

of his

during which he

The

will

undertake

determined

pursued

Region's Governor

3 .

to

Region ,

Committee

the

The

for

legislative

addition

subject

he

major

Committee .

following basis

2 .

in

since

political undertakings

Secretary

the

be

responsibilities

regional

will

Governor will undertake

and will be

and will

Regional

destiny .

same

the

in

the

excecd

undergo than

eighteen

four years .

Governor will

President

a

for

be

the

directly transitional

1

35

4.

(1)

(a)

The

Region's Governor

of

the

political

in

the

Region ) .

The

S.S.U.

Congress

organisation

Rcgional

shall

supervise

Regional Governor

( as

S.S.U.

of

The

Organ

body .

collaborate

with

In

(c)

executive

represent

Union

in

and

this

of

his

be

of

status

the

head

the

of

a part

capacity he

will

Pcople's Assembly .

subject

be

Govcrnor

Central Government

also

Committee

the

to

super

the assembly .

The Regional

lative ,

Secrotary

the

shall

Regional

the

activities will of

head

performance

ventue

Region's Governor

legislative

vision

the

( S.S.U

and

the

in

be

Secretary ) .

Executive

the

His

4

Congress

the

(b)

shall

the

in and

the

shall

certain

represent

domains ,

administrative .

President

political

of the

the

legis He

shall

Socialist

field .

( 2 )

(a)

All bodies

concerned with legislative ,

political

and

executive

affairs

cipate

in

the

selection

or

So ,

is

in

it

Connittee

the

that

opinion

the

5.S.U.

the

of

the

should

parti

Region's Governor . Technical

Regional

Congress

36

should

comprise

the

members

People's Assembly .

three

and

candidates

the

The

for

Fresident

of

the

and Governor

of

the

Region .

in

the

S.S.U.

stipulated

of

in

S.S.U.

Congress

the Basic

Rules

S.S.U.

his

turn

Secretary

bossembly

the Regional

of

Regional

in

may nominate

Republic

them as

membership

Regional

the Sacrutary

one .of

The

the

Congress

will appoint

(b )

of

should be

of

the

Sudanese

Socialist Union .

(c ) a

The Region's

resolution

of

of

Governor the

two

raised

The

sitting .

to

the

of

(3)

The

minority

Technical

members

right

Committee

of

to

Region's

shall

the

adopt

ousted the

to

call

extra - ordinary resolution ,

absolute

the

be

members

sees that

and

two

President

Regional session

The

shall

os

as

of

the

the

to

the of

the

the

ousting of shall

S.S.U.

to

be

who

hold an

consider

shall

the

binding .

thirds

Congress

be

of

resolution

of

resolution

majority .

for

their

members

Speaker

shall

a resolution

the

the

of

it

the

by

that

Regional issembly have

Governor ,

raised

resolution

Governor by

Regional Assembly and

be

thirds

be

the Regional bosembly attending

specific

4.

shall

this

adopted by

37

The

Congress's

the

Frseident

shall

There the

of

select

to

nominate

the

shall

subject to

the

region ,

51%

of

S.S.U.

the

a

of view

Cernittee ,

called

for and which

be

His

to

decision

president

not

Regional

shall

It

nomination

a popular referundum inside shall

members must have

referundum for

The

during

was

but

for it .

Regional Governor .

and it

stated

S.S.U.

the

be

electors votes .

the

raised

be

Republic .

the

another point

was

Congress

the

of

shall

final .

be

deliberations

voted

Resolution

supported

People

the

right

the status

other

to

the

of

if he

gained

than

compete

the

in

Regional

Governor

the

So ,

selection from the

the

the Regional

of

Regional

S.S.U.

members

of the

Technical Committee

of

S.S.U .; Region

in

the

is

selected as

by

the

the

Governor Congress ,

among

the

s.s.u. Secretary

President

of

S.S.U.

as

to

S.S.U.

shall

the

recommendation

which

names .

three

the

by a

Regional Assembly ,

for appointing from

sees

comprises

the

Secretary

The

be

President

one

who

appointed

Regional

Governor .

.

30

Distins

120

Iccording

Ivembers

the

shall adopt

Covernor',

the

Covernor

is

longer

assembly run

the

that

region

if

the

Governor

ousting

sees

that and

Regional

the

if

Cr

is not

for

effect ,

confidence

them .

successfully

for

assembly

gaining

with

this

Assembly's

Regional

the

longer

cooperating

sces

to

recommendation

Regional

no

the

of

a

the

no

:

recomaendations

majority

third

t o

the

to

1 Governor

Region

in

nf

capable

the welfare

of

to the

people ,

Ale

recommendation

Prezident

The

who

shall

iü ,

for

busting

the

without

of

to

recommend

of

J.S.U. ,

the

Hiccording

Regional

Governor

the

Ministers

ir:

the

the

right

02

the

the

motion

cràcr

to

a

the

this

effect ,

Govemor

is

be

S.S.U.

of

the

carried by

the

shall

be

recommendation the

depo sed .

:

appointed

guarantee

effected

deposing

is

to

recommendation

aortod Presidential

shall

by a

to

This

Regional Governor

to

Republic

eaopt

Governer .

Cong.cess

ideas of

the

to

the

If

to

iollowing a recommendation

allowed the

submitted

resolution

to

President

of

You

Sorotan

ST"

The

Is

a

be

prejudice

Regional

S

issue

regional deser3ly ,

disolve

shall

option ,

the

by

the

Presiderit

from

the

Region's

discipline

of

the

39

Executive

Orgar

responsibility

Their

the

under

basic

leadership

and

full

Governor .

the

of

number and

Central

the

jur : sdictions

legislations

are

and by

dcfined by

the

Regional

procedures .

In

appreciation

System in for

to

the

the

considering

Ministry

and

leadership

membership

of the

should not

be

and he

may

members

as

of

the

the

of

the

competence

also

the

logic

of

considering

Regional

Minister

in

Presidential

the

the

adherence

Governor ,

the

candidates

tho

Regional assembly

considered .

Governor

The

for

may

choose

to

Ministers

choose

appoint

some

for more

competence

for his

him

Regional

linkage

Parliamentary

between

the

organs .

The Discipline Authority

The

control it

the

would

door

Executive

and

discipline

loose

is

resolutions

Organ

a

great

opened

for

cannot

of

the

deal

be

inmuned

asseribly

of

its

from

the

otherwise ,

signicance .

questioning ,

or

So

through

politically binding .

Notwithstanding leadership ,

:

and

to

the

stability

guarantee

coordination between

the

two

the

in

presidential

least

organs ,

the

level

of

Assembly

two

!

with two - thirů majority must appeal

to

une

posing

the

Presiüent

of

have

une

right

the republic

to

for

de

Governor .

Miscellaneous

Provisions

Imriunityof Regional Organs

In

tity

order

in

that

the

conducting

immuned

from

the

liegion naintains

its

own

central

affairs ,

the

significance

ment ,

for

the

sion

in

which

their

members

dures

and

public

the

central regions

opinions and

the

should

be

of Regional Govern

legislative

supervi

are represented

and which undergoes

comprehensive

it

iden

supervision which might

jeopardise

save

its

certain

discussion

regional

in

by

proce

which

opinion

the

partici

pate .

Unless

inct wing

1 .

for

otherwise

prescribed

amending regional

are

to

be

be

its

pulated

by

tional

legislations ,

Executive

immuned

hampers

the

National

the

follo

authentified :

The Regional shall

by

from

and any

performance

a

arrangement

unless

legislation

People's

Legislative

isse: bly .

passed

this

by

is

the

Organ that

sti

na

41

2 .

Regional Executive

The

to

any legel central

the

powers are

not

from the

restriction by an order executive

power

as

subject

regards

the

In implementation case

of

organs ,

of Regional

legislations .

the

delegated

powers by

the

supervision and

the

central

röstriction are

valid .

National

1 .

The

Immuniti' .

Regions

are

not

the

movement

restrictions

on

the

unless

regions ,

central

au thorities ,

between

the

regards

their rights

services

2 .

of the

on

and al'

not

the

citizens

any across

the

concerned

discrimination

is not

allowed

as

residence ,

employnent

allowed

impose

movement

othur

regio's unles

Central

it

authoit

rise

constitute

of

the

of

to

and

is

any

cu.modities ,

veteials si ross

perri

i

by

the

boarders

the

concerned

” .

People's Local Governmert

The

impose

permited by

citizens

in

to

in any region ,

restrictions services

is

of

Likewise ,

Sudanese

Regions are

The

it

allowed

:

Regional

any prejudice

to

Govornment the

shall not

principle

of

the

42

People's Local

principle

Government

characteristics

Although

Government

the

the

fact ,

approved

amendment

is

the

the

central

direct

of

the

turn

Councils

and

prefered

that

commissioner

is

to

of be

Republic

the

as in

in

the

central

of

the

of the

order

the

to

case

power

and

Republic ,

with

to

be

order that

perform

organs ,

the

a

President

People's

left

it

is

assume

Province ,

of

that

the

Local Government.

relation between

provinces , be

tho

However ,

symbolic

shall

of

the

to

the

recommendation

nomination President

from

the

Governor .

Co - ordination between

In

a

as

provinces .

function

in his

the

of

Government

should also

of the

maintain

commissioners

Region's

before

power

the

Governor .

Deputy Governor

responsible

and

the

Local

efforts

over

be the

Regional

office

the

government

to

Law .

People's

Regional

supervision

this will

the

to

in

main

by National

confined

legislation ,

spare

regards In

the

systems

central

should

are

sponsored

and whose

Constitution

the

by

which is

it

their is

the

the

Regions

Regions

cooperation

susgestod

that

cstablished for National

must

:

not

through a

be

the

compelled

central

central syston must

Coordination between

13

the

different

conferences

Governors

the

Republic

and

these

through

directed by

the

In

regions

and or

anyone

acting

plans

would be

each

be

be

which not

economic

defined

to

might

or

saveguard

to

President

of

be

settled

enter

into

discussed .

Powers

if

or

finally National

:

emergency

supreme

affected

be

and

security

Councils

cases rust

National

Interests

emergency powers

are

available .

The

Constitutional

emergency

conditions ,

the

President

the

Contral

President

1 .

made

formulated

of

on his behalf .

other and

Constitutional Emergency

The

the

disputes would

arrangements would

with

holding

Regional

sponsored by

conferences ,

cooperation

the

the

cf

the

context

Prohibition

determine

declaration procedures by Republic

Legislative

could

may

Body .

consultation with

The

thereupon

include

of the

in

Regional

frum practising any power

authorities

of

:

Legislative

stipulated

in

Power

the

Constitution .

2 .

Striping

of

delegating ( Police

the it

to

Health

Regional the

Executive

National

etc. ) .

power

huthority

and

the

|

-

-44

3.

Suspension emergency

Assembly by the

of Regional is

shuld

continual

The

to

as

the

authority

to

disolve

the

given

delegated

In normal

and

is

subject

to

suspersion and

cases ,

to

of the

to

Regional

a certain

the President

procedure

according

through a recommendation

repititions ) .

determined by

normal

be

long

prohibiting

withdrawing

be

( The

as

Regionis Governor

restrictions

4.

chi .

Assembly

the

the

to

ou sting

fill

select

in

Executive

body of the

is

the

system .

shall

powers

be

Republic .

followed by a

vacant

job

--

45 Proposed

The

jurisdictions

intended

1 .

to

be

Areas of

Jurisdiction

of Regional

Governnent

in the

Sudan

are

follows :

as

Development

and

utilisation

of Regional

Financial

Resources .

2 .

Organising tive

of Regional

machinery

and Regional

3.

( a)

Fire

(b)

To maintain Order

( a)

Establishment

(b)

The running

and

of

Establishment

of

Organising

Local

of

teachers

( a)

Organising

(b)

Establishment

(c)

Supervision

( a)

Service

(b)

Catering

( c)

Combating

( a)

Recruitment

and

sisters

health

(e)

and

Veights

of

epidemic

Diffusion

of

sanit

in

accordance with the

ld

women ) ;

and

the

Institutes .

establishment

of Markets ;

of

Co - operative

Societies ;

and Measures .

and

Health ;

infancy ;

diseases ;

training

medical

levels ;

vithin the Region .

Environmental

maternity

assistant

National

Prisons

industries .

and running

of

of Police ,

Training

Comerce

control

control

and

(nen

Teacheris

non- strategic

of

of National

progres;

( a)

for

Administra

schools ;

schools

these

of

to

Securit

Public

of

Education

local

implementation

according

Recruitment

of

as Local

organisation

(c)

5 .

7.

and

services

National

6.

the

well

Acts .

Administration and

4.

and

as

of redical

visitors ,

as

well

assistants , as

any

other

promossion ,

r

anlinhterment

among

citizens .

8.

( a)

Establishinent

To

register

among up

9.

( a)

Hospitals ,

them ,

the

newly

and

the

born

Promotion

of

Animal

betterment

and

welfare , animal

of

Establishment

( c)

Preservation

of Wildlife .

10. ( a )

Construction

and

exception

Development

inside

Town

and

and

casualities

of medical

check

tional

combating

of

disea

production ;

Slaughterhouses ;

of Roads

with

the

ones ;

control

of

Land

lorries

and River

and

buses

Trans

services

the Region .

Village

and

the

of

maintenance

including

and utilisation for

control

and

of National

portation ,

12 .

children ,

organising

(b)

11 .

Centres

campaigns .

ses

( b)

Health

management ;

their

(b)

of

National

building management

planning , of

lands ,

their

according to

ones ,

save

investment ,

and Na

plans

prograranes .

Promotion

oỉ

cultures

and

sponsoring

of Irts

and

literature .

Eradication

13 .

14.

15.

of illeteracy .

( a)

Encouragement

of

(b)

Establishment

of Fairs ,

Kuseums

(c)

Encouragement

of Hotels

industry .

(a)

Combating

of

Tourismı;

agricultural

and

pests ,

and

animal

planu

Zoos ;

disea

ses ; ( b)

Management

of

Forests

( c)

Reclaiming

of

Agricultural

( d)

Launching ce

of

campaigns .

and

Veterinary

pastures ;

and

lands ; Agricultural

guidan

47

16.

( a)

Undertaking

( b)

Supply

of

of

Survey

water

17 .

Promotion and

18 .

Construction of

and

and

drainage ;

electricity .

encouragenent

of

local Airports

self- aid

and

programmes .

their mainte

nance .

19 .

Assessment , power ,

20 .

and

( a)

Pricing

( c)

Guidence

23 .

control ,

of

these

of

public

( a)

ind

employment .

investigation in

occu

storage

aná

distribution of

and

commodities ;

consumption tendencies .

of

order

and

the

organising

utilising

the

ownership

the

use

utilities .

Organising arms

fictorio "

of

of Man

casualities

Maintaining of

administration

materials ;

(b)

22 .

and

organization

of

Provision , supply

24.

the

Inspection pational

21.

training

and

weapons

Sponsoring

of

used

for

Mosques,

of Fire

hunting purposes .

Churches

and worship pla

ces ;

(b)

25 .

Organising

means

Legislation

in

toms within

the

of

the

spreading

domenii

contert

26 .

Imposition

of Regionai

27 .

Mining

and

Quarryiris

rights

of

and

the

production

Natural

Gaz

as

Central of

i

Dť

religious

traditions

jational

teachings .

and

cus

laws ,

taxes .

without

prejudice

Government

strategic

defined by

in

the

excavation

minerals ,

any

to

oil

Central Act .

and

|

||

L

1

48

28 .

Promotion ground

29 .

31 .

waters ,

save

Administration the

30 .

and management

the

of Regional

Local Government's

( a)

mentioned

(b)

organising

and

Government

authorities

Supervision tive

surface joint

waters

Regions

of regional Governmental

eradication

People's

for

of

in the

of

Societies .

Benevolent

under

waters .

Stores

and

surplus .

siuthorities

People's

control

and

of and

Local

the

as

Government

People's

Act .

Local

jurisdictions .

Associations

and

coopera

49 CHAPTER

TITO

Secondly : Financial The the is

and Economic

determination

of

Central Government the

mainstay

vernment

on

resources and

the

sound

is

the

targets

economic

and

the

In

only means the

financial relation the

taxes

and

between

the

Southern Region ,

the

of Revenue ' for taxes

general

as

well

as

expenses

the

relation

councils

since

the

1951 ,

deficit

between

inorder

were aided

the

depending by

resulting

other

the

tly

the

sion to

of

their

to

the

provinces

tax ,

to

the

unit

Act

for

allocations

in

of

Finan

financi

of Finance

imbalance

in

between

has

bords ' the

tax

budget

up

and of

some

the the

cus Local

expenses .

councils

used

them

share

given

to

of

to

the

the

make

estina

Ministry

Fund

of

destined

deficit .

of

of

the

relation given

Province came

the

The

thus

hence

have been

domoted

has

the

local , to

supervi

approval

become

People's Regional

Act

consequen

financial

their

and

province

all

of

and

consolidating

accordance with

1971 ,

Administration light

to

right

budgets

function ,

tralisation principle .

ral

contribu

on limited

the

their

meet

its

councils

their

the

and raise

have

were

local

undertake

vernment

direct

ure expedic exped

local

issue

a new form

the

the

budgets

their

with

ted budget

also

People's Local

inistry

iron

consolidate

them

hand ,

covering

1960

to

enable

to

Local Government

in

from

implement

the Kinistry

Ushur

such as

However ,

and

central

and to

defined

projects .

local

tax ,

has

the Region

the

for

socio

Government

relation with

Central Government

of

the

1972

the

tions

in

for

Moreover ,

On the

objectives

Central

their

Councils

Iinancial

the

and

toms '

the

Government

their revenues

taxes ,

the

( 9)

financial

sources

covering

respect ,

realising

Governrient Institutions and ce and National Economy .

al

the Regional Go

No.

indirect

development

The

of

Government

Order

sources

meet

The

for

Local

between

Southern Region .

Presidential

the

to

this

Regional

and

defined

relation

People's

establishaoni

basis .

of

financial

the

The

financial

tion

the

development .

The the

for

Affairs .

the an

so

as

Decen integra

Local Go and

the educational ,

Cent and

50 sanitary

services addition

In sively

issued

and

guarantee

to

cover

to

examining

funds

public

tablishment to

enable

must

be

Finally , issued Items

in

the

17

surplus the

performance thern Region new sources to

avoid

of

any

that

People's

with

financial

between

Executive

es

super

the

Councils

Commissioners

and

Economy .

and Accounting procedures

of

the

Act

was

and

to

undertaken goes

to

ment

Institutions

financial

the

Central

transfe

it . to

guide

Executive

the

financial

Councils

conducive

and the

to

with the

central

taxes .

for

1977

has

between the Ministry

follow - up

or

well

The

People's

the

as

reflected

of Finance

Sou

developing

sources

the

and

Government

present

existing

annual

Councils

defining the

the

the

Regulations

and

by

studies

increase

considers

Executive

undertakes

collision

of relation

and

a view to

prepares

and

following :

People's

the People's

sort

and

the

examines

Ministry

Procedures

tion

the

of

provinces

in the

the

the

stipulate

cial

control

considering ,

of

( 100 )

and National

the Ministry

( 17 )

offices

following :

Southern Region with

Item

su

of

1977 .

proposals

the

which

right

the

concerned

( 322 )

llo .

directly

rred Public Revenues or

People's

9/5/1972

performance

the

Financial

and

Item ( 16 )

No.

Order

of

Finance

the

16

Budget

Budget

of

right

the

undertake

to

stipulates

discussed

Ministers

the

control .

Presidential

The

dated

(4)

financial

Order

the Ministry

It

system for

of Finance

of Budget

vision and financial

3)

deficiencies

and

Councils .

Presidential

2)

No.

and

the

guiding

and

Executive

People's

Order

the Ministry

granted pervision of

financial

succes

were

Institutions ,

Presidential

1 )

orders

shortcomings

the

sound

a

Presidential

that ,

to

Government

Local

activities .

as

Finan

the

Local Govern as regards

spending

and

collec

of Budget Revenues , Commitments The

or

the

establishment

and Regional

Government

Central of

the

Government .

People's

Institutions

Local Government

does

not

abolish the

1

51 It

has many

CO

Deferce ,

Wation ??

-

Con Gouint . mmitments

such as the

velopment ,

Higher

cornitrients in allocations

and

ments

it

si..ce

lopment

of

their

totality

the

governent

such

as

tions

well

as

as

the

bisic

regions

tructure

premises ,

central Budget ,

the Regional

resources

to

ttee

that

excise

meet

duties )

be

short - term to

meet

the

The

also

sees

to

Committee be

national

ideal

collection

should

as

at

of

the

that

follow - up

because

realising

the

financial

policies

be

transitional

conducted

by

the

specialists

report

within

financial gional

Government

the

lation between the committee

taxing nates ted

for

titutions wise , the

it

the

the in

would

be

financial relation

the Regional table

distribution

of

means

till

will

the

studies

the World the

Bank

study

It

will

help

to

Organs the

will

comp

submit define

and

a the

the Re

People's

Local

undertake

the

study

the

of

the

to

be

comi

infrastruc

Government

from time

to

to

In

Ins Like

time

Government

guarantee

Revenues .

till

terni

expenditures .

Central

Institutions Public

will

provide the

review

of

Public Revenues

Government

current to

co for

ones

the

the

should remain

Regional

between the

Government

commitments .

Committee

of the Regional

necessary

the

the

six years

addition to

in

and

Central

establishment

commi

situation made the Coromi permanent of defining a/ financial re

Organ

aspects

coning

loc.1

( customs

basic

of

including

postponement Central

con

Government .

and

Central

the

legislation ,

the

incharge

This

The

by

Finance

Institutions

the

taxes

the

the

of The

level

six years

between the

its mission .

during

ture

and

of

months which

entrusted to

system

is

social

on

Central

taxes

World Bank .

Institutions .

ttee recommend

the

of

Comittee

several

it

passed

coming

from the

relation

Government

the

Ministry The

materialised . rises

relation

for

direct

installa and

exploitation

Administration ,

and

financial

the

indirect

infras

burden

centralised

the

commit

basic

educational

need

annual

underdeve

electric

National

llection ,

The

ühe

requirements .

lational

regards

these

of

These

the

peet

major

Budgets

the

of

combat

National heavy

the Regional

the

70 %

in noed

offices ,

the

to

to to

railways ,

Despite

in addition

113s

which are

roads ,

tribution

constitute

: eans

institutions ,

sees

on

Education and Foreign relations .

is

the

Expendituro

and

an equi

this respect

-

52

a

committee

lled are

must

be

the Reviewing

1 )

The

study

Central including

the

2)

of

the

Central

the

as

shall

2)

us and

the

of

the

at

three

The

shall

shall

be

be

The

relation between Regional

the

and

Institutions .

basis

Regional

Local

to

this

to

be

auditing

pursued

between inclu

Institutions .

of the

socio

The Financial

in

And

effect .

Government ,

Governient

DLO'S ,

the

Government

Public Revenues

112

thi

Fegional devenir orto

pelatiors

Natio

between

the

Local GOV Zent

policies

Part

base

of

(I)

Government

Government

omitted

( the

the

and

the

Budgets

Decentralised Budgets )

State

coverage

in the

by a more

Decentralised

and Regional

local

nal

financial

Budget

and

and

are

the

concept

fur

" Subsi

Decentralised Budgets

advanced

concept

in

based

and on the

state

post

nal

base between at

the

the

the

Public

from

( at

the Natio

Revenues )

vorment ,

and called

Revenues ) .

the

and

specialisations

timesional

of

prioritics

the

and

11e financed

called

sources

( Local Regional The

posts

level )

sources ,

the local

studying

ca

principles :

the

c)

be

specialisations

th

Deficit

replaced

following

whether

to

levels .

concept ,

dises

sations

and

of

the Regional

constitute

a)

details

People's

Local

b)

its

Government

develou eit :

People's

nished

Anons

and

Financial Systen fou Thing'ichal Government, its relation iththeGen 1 Inget and the

The Budgets

of the

order

the

periodical

and

Budget preparation

1 )

legal

recomendations

People's

well

Budgets of

from

the

Government

Government

The and

Local

distribution

Regular

nal ispects

and

specific

in

economic

The

a

financial

Goverment

recormend

likewise ,

3)

of the

To

Central

ding

by

Committee .

People's

formulation

the

up

following :

the

the

set

are

Co

1110in

based

on

specialisation what

local

is

centr l

level

or

The

Central

General

the

aspects

of

rosto

speciali

the special

did airū

not

on discriminatio

viat

the Regional Budget

expenditure

is

ilə ture of

is

not

central

one .

prepared

central ,

by

local

first and

53 regional be

and

in

a

connitted

to

meet

from its

surplus .

3)

aspects

All

venues

shall

way

that the

of

as

they

from these Revenues

Budgets

unless

cover

the

otherwise

to

People's

Local

Gozornment

Local

Budgets '

Government

iten.

( 3)

part

2 )

30 %

of

taxes

anii

be

Government's

report

and

in order

transferred from

Resources of

the Regional Government .

allocations to

the

transferred

from the

People's .

Regional Government according

to

I.

whic ;

ale

prill.etion

icvied

Income

in

Personal

b)

Rusiness Pfit max

3 )

The

Rent

4 )

Devotcurent

income

and Rent

income

5 )

taxes

tax

imioyable

on

one's

Regional

or

the

of

the

following central

specific Region .

proprrties

frou

income

taz ,

Business

p.1 °ito

propertjes .

imovible

of

of

Tax

fees

to

be

by . Regional

imposed

Administration .

and

6 )

Profits

of Regional

7)

Surplus

on

within

this

shall

the , Regional Government .

the toliit7

legislation

funds

local Rem

to

a)

Any

in

specialisations

and

The

no

not

expenditure

the Regional

stated

posts

1 )

and

shall

Government

Local

are ,

the

Local Part ( 2 )

and Regional

People's

shifted

to

Central Government

local

the

remain

the

the

Lelopment

People's

Projects .

Local Government, Budgets

the Region .

Remarks :

Committee

The a) remain

central

Resources

1 ) as

well

for

The as

and the

them the

they

imports ,

licies .

that

levied

following

the in

favour

of

taxes the

should

Central

following reasons :

Development

Excise

since

be

Custom taxes ,

connection with 2)

to

sees

the

tax related

National

Duties are

export ,

and

exports ,

and

to

Imports &

the

connected

import ,

them in view of Exports

Development with

National

the

consumption tax their

policies .

tax related

to

protection policies ,

Custons

Exemptions

po

34

3) tion

The

capitalist

with the

in view of

National

the

profits

tax

in view of

construction planning

technical

difficulties

in

its

its

connec

policies

and

assessrient

and levying .

4)

irrespective

vities

basis

the

Taxes

These

of

to

the

justice

and

c)

Interest

a)

The

pension

e)

The

unclassified Revenues

ment

central on

central on

not

c)

of

be

these to

However , referred or

in

profits .

port

services

benefits :

( subsidising

fund

taxes

more and

funds

the

the Regional Govern

capacity

of

the

specific

Region

taxes .

This

distributing

enable

to

transferred Gentral

the

the

return would

the

Resources

specific

in making

procedure

a

achie

General Resources

all Regions .

in its

to

fees ,

Committee

recomiends

initial stage

fees

so

as

inpede and

to the

also

so

laboration with Horietary the

Fund )

Sudan . the

nal

taxes

and

the

a is

trade as

local

not

that be

movement

not

to

the Regional

porsuaded

taxes

on by

desuade

of Finance

and

one

study

study

fees taxes

of

is the

so

as or

from work . in

col

( International of

the taxing

to

study

we

can

device

with

the

central

fees .

taxes

new taxes

expected

incompatible and

and

National Economy

undertaking

The

Government

impose

body ,

people

1.1.7 .

a

to

imposing

team from the

completion and

must

avoid more

The Ministry

After

and

Budgets

the

to

of

transactions

allocate

Government

justice

The

in

decentralised Budgets

-)

etc

collection from these

among

Govern

investments .

cuttings

Government

Council

more

Central

services .

central

sale

Local

People's good

commercial

maintaining

Budget .

shall

the

equity .

Fees

central

not

funds

b)

People's

or

large

The

The

ves

enable

of

a part

be

are :

lands

the

to

Government .

the

to

acti

connected with the

are

they

a)

b)

of

shall remain

and

transfer

to

nent

because

Specialisation ,

National

on

Resources

central

Headquarters

the

of

Governnent

National

the

Central Revenues

The

5) the

connected with

mainly

is

and

Towns

of

number

small

a

in

Tax centred

Stamp

The

complete

system

next year . new Regio taxes

55 Part

'B'

Classification

1 .

The

Central General Budget .

a)

as regards

nal

Government's

the

total

sur

Executive the the

central

b)

in

the

The

National

ned

in

2 .

the

The

day

People's

Financial

the

rnment

Budgets

Government's

the

item

be

be

( 2)

to

except

in Part

comprises

as

well

obtained from

2 .

Council

the

and

National

is

tabled .

to

the

for

the Regio

each People's

sources

before

subjected

lict

each Region

Executive

tabled

issembly

to

local

General Budget

Government

Local do

not

Budgets

of Assem

specialisation of

what

is

being mentio

Budget .

cal

Government

2 :

The

which

the

Budget

Council .

include

model is

any

Revenues

of

the

transferred

The Regional on

Government's

Councils

surplus

is

Budgets

within the

The Regional

The

to

allottinent

1 :

on

transferred

shall

not

Allottrent

transferred

from

and

Decentralisation Budget .

People's

3 :

Government

Financial

each People's

the

shall

The Regional of

of

Council

Budget

those

according

Budget

sane

the

and

each region

taxes

each Regional bly

the

Local

of Public Revenues

of

The

People's

Budgets ,

Council

share

the

of Budgets

to

the

finally

classified

budgets . funds

region

save

on

the

model

The Regional Gove

from the

transferred

for

People's the

from the

Local

following :

People's

Lo

in the Region ,

People's

Budget of

are

the

Local

Regional

shall

approved

Local by

Councils

Budget .

prepared

be

Pcople's

Government

through

Government

the Regional

discussi Budgets .

Legislative

56

4 :

The

Legislative ted

Council the

concerned People's

5 :

The

and

paration

that

be

fixed

according

Government

Constructive

Expenditure .

The

Minister

of

Finance

and National

Economy

of

fiscal Rcforn

the

six years .

cadres

be

as

the well

six years

and

are

Economic shall

for

expenses estimated as

the

shown

the shall

in

the

the

to

the

be

The

executed for

the

expenditure following

the

minimum .

technical

provinces .

costing

current

the

Stabilisation , fixed

be

sees and

conditions

provided with

working

constructive

Expenditure , coming

shall

Hence ,

financial

expenses

Governments

administrative of

present

the

view of

pre to

Regional

The Regions

the

shall

The

Tiegional

st

subrission

for

dates

the

and

unified ,

schedule ,

in

to

and Decentra

the

programme

get

Central

the

for

be

shall

lised Budgets

transíerred

Council .

Local

Financial Year

subjec

be

Legislative

Regional

the

the Regional ilesources

for

save

not

shall

Eudget

specialisation of

the

to

The

Council .

within the

Budgets

concerned regional

the

before

tabled

be

shall

Region

Government's

Local

People's

and Bud

within Capitali during

schedule :

!

Staterient

Capitalist 1. Expenditure

Estimat The ed Costing for Headqua rters the of Regiona l Governm ent Assembl ies thousand in s pounds of

1982/83

4,149

1980/81 1981/82

3,456

1,463

Total Sum

1,462

25,773

2,925

aPremises for Regional Headquarters

b150 houses

1983/84

4,980

77,460

-

2,415

73,771 1,500

86,157

932

81,950

26,234

3021, 78,783

23,790

1,067

21,578

875

70,258

1,800

440,484

6,769

14,955

388,222

1,800

Total

cars 150 C-)(

Current Expendi 2. ture Ministri Regiona es al Departments and Council Executiv High be Regional People's CAssembly

Public 3. Revenue s trans ferred to Regions 3 % of the total taxes Remarks: The the model proposed included the of current expenditure and Departments Ministries 1. increased Southern costing Region matter which total the in., potentialities People's Councils economic human rich are The and in If these resou 2.. costing reduce would the., exploited this ideally rces are

1

1984/85

5,994

1985/86

7,194

85,400

6,260

81,323

3,888

1,937

31,921

100,791

1,588

92,803

28,934

57

2

58 Orgailisatio11 O1

Commerce after the Establishment

of

the Regional Government . 1 )

Generally

necessity ding

the

speaking ,

trade

movement ,

different

tive

this

behind

important

and

the

provinces

policy

is

to

confirrı the

handicaps

and

trekking

cormodities

and Regions .

to maintain

inpe

the

objec

The

integrity

of

National Market .

2)

Accordingly ,

venent to

is

alleviating Restrictions

of

through the

the

it

is

from one region

another

dustrial , also

it

for

all

whether

applies

to

equally to

important

another ,

and

National products , consuription

for

imported

or

products

to

ensure

from one

province

agricultural for

from

or

export ,

the

a 110

in

This

ports

to

the

con

sumption places .

3) to

The be

General

central .

In

supervises the and

its

shall

to

sources

including

4)

The

tion

of

local

guiding of

for

to

dertake to

the of

context

broaden

other

base ,

The Regional Goverment

tion

of

tral

Government

other

pplies as

supply materials

words ,

and this

distribution

control

of

prices

the

in

in

the

and

the

its

industries .

organisa

the

centres ,

sale

as

with the

an

equitable Governme

the Kegional

help

to

shall

policy

General

increase

diversify

undertake

its

Local

the

Government

enhancing

the of

produc

distribu

decentralisation or

un

activities .

coordination with

province

the

all

guarantee

to

People's

in

protect

shall

confirms

policy

foreign

to

hanã ,

full

policy

order

which and

on the

supervise

State

the

new means its

to

and

exports

domestic

in

and

trade ,

this

and

crops

the

and

of

shall

continue

central government

economic

5 )

In

imports the

shall

Central Governrient

strong grip

Government

On

device

a

policy

the

protection

producer

the

him .

within the

tion ,

of

on the

auction markets

interests return

exports

words ,

maintain and

Regional

to

a view

other

formulation

continue

pects

and

implementation . Likewise

exchange

nt

imports

Region , storage

the

Cen

Councils . of

su

as

well

capacities

:

--

59 to

provide

This

6 )

materials

of

the

major

tracin

the

inside

the

Government

Councils

cooperative shall

ving set

of up

Central

In

the

to

undertake

and

the

the

shall

act

words ,

in

the

coordina Local

local

auditing

by

times .

these

of

People's

organise

issued

hard

supervisio :l

and

registration , and

the

province .

or the

shall

other

for

movement

the

development

the

cooperatives , according

of

Government

movement .

supervise

items

the Region

The Regional Government

tion with

ty

surplus

includes

also

supply

a

the

the

of

the

authori

and

dissol

cooperative

Central Govern

ment .

The Regicnal Government

7 ) tion

with

control

8)

People's

the

of weights

Within the

the Regional Councils or

any

general in

any

the

context

have

affect

policy region

of

financial

on

the

nor

the

the

for or

coordina

in

Councils ,

the

and measures .

restrictions

which might

Government

Local

Government

shall

undertake ,

shall

the

right the

One

National Market ,

People's

to

impose

Local

export

policy

distribution ,

or

Suxh

province .

of

commercial

policy

The Regional

Government

shall

of

the

or

any

the

must

set

by

local

fees

commodity

State ,

living

taxes

anil

Government

taxes ,

free movement

neither

or

the

conditions subject

be

the

to

Central Go

vernment .

9)

tion with the nising this the

domestic

sector life

ment of

of

and

shall

help

Organsations

The

tative tive

to

confirm

the

This

that

it

and

plays

help

the

unions

the

orga

enhance

to

a major

organising

specialised

coordina

Councils ,

would

respect ,

in

role

in

Regional Govern trade ,

within

chambers

the

National

Business men .

Committee

committee

Commerce

Government

In this

in guiding

and of

Local

commerce .

of people .

commerce ,

10 )

People's

undertake ,

and

proposes

to

be

the

followed

Supply

in

setting up to

which

the the

of

a high

Ministry different

consul

of Coopera regions

are

60 represented , develop

recommend

to

National Market . commend

activijies

commercial

the

The

procedures

any

steps

any

consolidate

to

and

taken

can be

that

the

requested to

committee

is

also

help

to

facilitate the

that

to

re

Natio

through natural

the tree movement of goods for channels whether / local consumption in the

different

of the

activities

production

nal

parts

should

committee

this

tion .

Its role

between

the

rity of

regions ,

National Regional

the 2)

programmes

of

Regional

local

and

entails

the

ty ,

and

The

extra - ordinary

fficient

to

cessary and

between the

alternative

programmes an

indisi.consible

establishment

of

stable

organs

the

at

three

channels

levels

In

this

not it

So

consultation ,

for

meetings

are

objective .

ultimate

...ca ;

institutions .

casual

the

and

consultations

tor'

National,

of

is

view points .

of

consi

be

development .

local

and

should

su is ne

coordination

respect ,

the

commi

recormends : establishment

The

destined three

to

provide

levels

should nal

organise

exchange

ttee a)

realise

to

an

not

ani

development

the different

between

the application

Denelopment

arira Lona ?

National

coordination

The

follow up

to

integ

protect the

to

organs,

policies .

complementary

being

as

dered

concerned

the

to

disputes

settling

to

of Regional Development

concept

The

1)

confined

and

its

nature of its composi

the

jurisdictions

economic

National

the

all

However ,

a taw, covering

by

recommend

to

National Market

the

of

be

not or

export . ‫܀‬

for

or

constituted

be

must

must enjoy

it

Sudan ,

authorities and

jurisdictions ,

but

and

and

include local

of

a National

advices

development

for

State

programme s .

representatives organis .

the

Council

from

the

for

Development

Organs Its

on the

membership

National ,

Regio

61

each Region

in which

Organs

within

the

local

c )

A Development

each

People's

provincial

interests

in

and

the Region .

Committee

Executive

up

set

the Regional

represented

are

be

shall

Committee

Development

A Regional

b)

shall

Council

are

also

be

established

in which the

in

different

represented .

The Regional Development Schemes .

1 ) ces

of

Realise

economic

the Region ,

interests

between

prospects

of

2) in

the

the

the Region : and

joint

in all

as

or more are

i.e.

the

short - term

construction

between the

execute

provinces

available

of

on

and

schemes

between

more

than

within

the

local

joint the

concept .

one

could

of

which

province

schemes ,

which

the

and for

a wider

Infrastructure ones

projects

provin

be

mid- term helpful

to

region .

development

projects

provinces .

Planning The

for Regional

technical created

organs

for

be

to

the

Ministry

of National

to

the

regional

planning

Development

in

Development

dually

at

to

requirements

Coordinate

3)

well

two

success

Meet

schemes

as

integration

to :

intended

are

Schemes

The Regional Development

schemes

the Regional

and

regional

each region

shall

and

department,

National

planning

shall

Planning ,

be

Projects .

be

shall

gra

associated

and

in particular ,

where

the Regional

scrutinised

and

assessed

both

level .

The Financing of Regional Development Schemes . The Regional Development following a)

A

are

financed by

the

sources :

special

prated

in

to

local

the

Schemes

the

Chapter National

for Regional Development

Development

Budget .

Development Budget

to

without

be

incor

prejudice

62

b)

Contributions

joint c)

projects

lopment

The

in

sources

cases

Technical

ssion for

To

of

make

development ,

sound

plans

as

Regional

set

Deve

to

with

based

of Economic

or

proposals

which

even

at

from

the

the

the Regional village

lowest

level

basis .

the

include

constituted that

by

its

for

socio - economic

sources

of

finance

Projects .

organs

guarantee

to

a

balance .

in

its

membership

the

who

represent

them ,

and

the

prominent

economists .

cater

for

the

Sector

development

Commi

follows :

Development

those

must

be

suggests

on regional

Committee

at

It

concerned

This

mmissions

must

specify

should

Foreign

or

a National

priorities

and Regional

Commissioners ,

Ministers

(b)

as

Committee

that

defined as

and

well

development

The

sees

Development

be

coordinate

To

2. ( a )

and

projects .

Republic .

the

National

the

(b)

for Regional

within the Region

of mixed

and

jurisdictions should

for

destined

Committee

planning

President

1. ( a )

Councils

region .

the

allocations

local

Contributions

the

Local Government

Projects .

Special

a)

People's

within

Regional

The

of

are

level , to

discussed the

socio - economic in

similar

provinces

guarantee

the

level

a popular

co and

support

63 Three

Chapter

Boundaries and Capitals

The

studies

Technical

and

Committee

passed

in

The

the

was

of

Technical

discussing

in

the

and

considered President

set up .

about

of

and

first

joint

and

the

considered

in

the

S.S.U.

the

as

the

documents

of the

the

base

other

and

Committee

Likewise ,

it

formulated by

Committee

the

participents

National

a base

for

conceptions .

discussed

some of

or

the

for

the

the

opened

whole

discussions

new alternatives .

conducting

the

comprises

agreed upon .

Committee

conceptions

the

which

the

Committee .

lioreover ,

After

data

meetings

the

in

so

mentioned

Technical

and

South Kordofan

alternatives

ststed by

joint

the

is

Committee has

view points

Sub

for Regional Government .

proposal

alternatives

the

Capitals

almost

is

National

other

the

manner

reflected

Committee

by

Regional

and

Darfur

the

this

The

of North

South

trend

meetings

2 .

and

proposed Western Region

North and

Hence ,

discussed

presented

following

the Provinces

This

has

recommendations

for Boundaries

them

1.

Committee

from

comprehensive studies

and

different

opinions

of

some

discussions , collecting

sources

and

competent

and

after

information

after

and

listening

authorities ,

to

--

64

as

well

to

the

as resource work of

came up

1 .

with

the

the

persons

in matters

Committee ,

following

the

relating

Committee

recommendations

:

The First Choice .

The

choosing

solidation of

first

place .

Sudan

into

the

Third Alternative about the

study

annexed

in the

embodied

of

decentralisation It

is

the

one

four regions

as

comes

which

con

in

the

divides

follows

the

:

A. The

Southern Region

comprising

Southern Provinces ,

Jongiei ,

Upper Nile ,

The

Western

Region

Provinces , well

C.

The

The

as North and

the

the

point

Sea

in

-

of view ,

in

the

Kassala

three

Blue

Nile .

five

regions ,

comprising

- Northern Province

discussing

of

as

Khartoum .

importance point

four

South Kordofan ,

Province

and

Nile

the

comprising

Region ,

Nilo

Committee

economical

phical

Red

Central

Whito

considered

Bahr

South Darfur .

Eastern Region

Gezira

The

Equatoria ,

and

Lakes

comprising

North and

Provinces ,

D.

The

and West

six

Ghazal .

El

B.

East

the

this

alternative

of Regional Balance

view

and

addition

from to

the the

has

from

demogra geographical

-

),

65

linkage between

The

linkage

of

in

potentialities ,

other

of

alike ,

to

the

position

this

in

Kassala Province

region

extending

this

in

Kassala

the

of its

connected

of

with This

Sudan .

the

who

is

different

by roads ,

air

or

distinguished

for

its

thi

the Blue

the

Regional

to

boundaries .

farming

areas

Province ,

important

most

the

the

pastoral

boundaries

and Upper Nile . one Administration ,

pastoral

the

At

Nile

the

for

meet

Province

people

part

Government

the

of

problems

same time ,

their neighbours .

pastern

Eastern

the Blue Nile

Region whose

and

the

mechanised

unified by

situation would

in

is

and

interrelated .

calling .

for

diversity

history of

from Butuna 1.p

opportunities

people

the

is

Eastern

projects

and

find

the Blue Nile

This relion

ment

we

constitute

which also

become

are

throughout

In

the

region .

thick population

availability

Eastern Region

strategic

of

cach

lines .

The

between

the

communication whether

rail way

lands ,

its

the

of

distinguished

and vho

throughout

addition

means

is

parts

its various paris ,

culturally

each

different

Western Region

economic are

the

And

for which

Sudan

Sea

admittedly

aspirations

the

employ

Red

the

have

develop

the

provide

of

that

of

to

they have

the

realise

been

.

66

in

forzation

Eastern This

Region

also

parts

with

are

Southern

cover

in

the

Province

these

part

and

resources

five

between

provinces

and

thus

of

it

and

potentialities the

is

the

in

is Korth .

line

could

cover

also

the

any

easy

the

and

White

it

cf

At

their

and

Nile

same time

demographical

lengthy the

the

the

shortage

the

Kilo

could

in

transportation

provinces renders South

which is

defeciences

in view of

extreme

in

this region ,

provinces ,

the

the

Southern Region which

the Northern Province .

likewise ,

and

economically balanced .

Gazira Province

economic

Region

regions .

shortages and

two

cadros ,

the

Western

remaining

the

of

The

is rich

the

integrated

rest

of

to

the

the

composed

the

of

the

socially and

applies

constitutod Its

is

ci

qualified

between

distance

extreme

North a

secondary matter .

Moreover ,

between

the

people

the

in

this

as

their

linkago

and

in

region

this

regions ,

other

in

the

region

main

Over on

depend

source

capable

to

build

culture

and

industry ,

On

the

other

of

itself

hand

scogrphically located

the

and

the

cultural

is

stronger

than

above ,

the

people

and

its

tributories

river

living .

Tius

economically

the

this

region

through

Khartoum Province

inside

similarity

region

agri

which

has

is

to

is

be

67

because

the

the

Sudan

2 .

Three

Towns

constitute

Capital

of

The Second Choice .

the

assessment

the

Second Alternative

the

Presidency

sulidation divides

of

the

Republic

the

Sudan

into

1 .

The

Southern Region

2 .

The

Western

Kordofan ,

The Blue

4.

This

about

Region

North

Central

;

and

Region ;

con

and which comes

Remains as

forth and

South

study by

the

four regions ,

:

Committee

the

in

of Decentralisation ,

second place .

3.

of the

embodied

the

1.

the

.

According to

reasons

particularly

considerations ,

certain

for

reviewed

it

in

is .

South

Darfur .

Gezira ,

White

Nile ,

Nile .

The

North Eastern Region ;

The

Nile ,

concept

The

Northern

comes

the

next

Kassala ,

Province ,

for

the

Red

and

Sea ,

Khartoum .

following

:

Kassala

and

consolidate

Khartoum Provinces

would

the

North

economy

of

the

Eastern Region . 2 ..

The

immigration

confirms

between

the

the

experience

possibility of

Nubians ,

from Wad

Halfa

coexi stance

the Bija

and

other

68

tribes .

Arab

the

3 .

4.

in

the

River

Nilc

the

functioning

However ,

the

not

give

rise

The

big number

a

helped

to

consolidate

the region .

in

Northern

the

realises

also

linkage

tribal

Life

It

part

banks .

is

This

confined

to

would

facilitate

of Administrative

Machinery .

extension to

of

the

Region

administrative

of population

sort

of

balance

should

difficulties .

in

this

with

region

other

regions .

5 .

The

historical

The Blue the

Nile ,

existance

make

it

inks The of

connecting White

Nile ,

several

possible

the

together with

mutual

for regrouping

one

region

with

The

tribal

relationship

the

Butana and

Gezire ,

interests

them in

Khartoum .

6.

7 .

8 ..

the

Atbara River plays

Red

a

between

the

people

of

the North Eastern

the

people

of

the

The

interrelation

from

has

the North

created a a

passed by .

to

sort

in

connecting

Region and

North and

between

the

Kassala

and Port

of

Nile ,

Sea .

major role

East ,

the

the Nile .

immigrants

coexistance

Sudan

as

years

69

this Alternitive :

Remarks about

1. The

mining

between

activities

the

would be

Central Region and

developed the

North

Eastern Region . . 2

Development projects

cultural

and pastoral

over

Central

the

and

other major agri

activities would

Region and

the

prevail

North Eastern

Region

3 .

The

semi -nomadic

Region

towards

to

rise

related Blue

4.

The

movement

the

from the

Central

many problems

in

pastures between

Region

Northern

would

inter

the

view of

give

Kassala and

the

Nile ,

lack of

betweon

El

developed road Damar ,

Atbara

transportation

and

the

rest

of the

Region .

1.

by

The

Third

Choice .

The

first

alternative ,

the

ttee

in

Presidency

the

is

following manner

The

Southern Region

b)

The

Western Region

c)

The

Northern Region

Northern Province ,

.

came

looked upon by

a)

Khartoum

as

the

the

study

Commi

:

comprising

the

in

Red

Sea ,

the

and

Nile ,

part

the

of

70

d)

Region

Eastern

The

the Blue

Nile ,

and Part

of

comprising

the White

Khartoum .

constituted

of

the

Kassala ,

Nile , the Gezira ,

The National

Three

Towns

and

Capital the

suburbs ,

This

conception ranks

many basic It

disadvantages

the

trative

as well

Moreover , many

2 .

The

of

the

contradicts with people

the

economic ,

as historical

in East

proposed Northern

sources ,

population ,

the

as

to

Red

Sea

adminis

links .

the

desire

rule

the

the

Vestern

and

of

themselves

the

and

that upsets

of

conception .

natural

transrortation

Eastern

very

regional

resources between

part .

Region

demographic

the

got

regards the number of

proposed Eastern

economic

Region has

inadequate

difficulty

and

The

:

demographic ,

it

it has

themselves .

meagre

3 .

third because

separates between Kassala and

despite

by

the

represents

weight balance

an

centre in

this

71 ivi's

20030 ? to

thru..

into

tas ut

Li ions

Tuiu

Corrittui

possibility

CS ,

lilonisc ,

vi dividin :

tho

considerci

Süden into

the

tho

folluwe

Fierions:

win ,

three

A.

The

Southern Rerion with

B.

The

western Region with its

its present

aforo

boundaries .

mentioned

proposed boundaries .

C.

à

third

Region

to

be

composod

of

the

remainin ;

provinces .

However , rerion would

any effective The reduce

and

difficult

and to

also

lessen

development

tho

nor

effect .

division

worrits

thouon it

would

to

tho

of

would

administer .

two

regions ,

and

of Eastern lookin "

conductirc

cnormous

Government

ration ,

does not

been

this

Rerional

disinte

this

this

of

divisior

people

in

would

to

that

This

other

have

participation seus

that

regional

not achieve

expenses

dismembership be

is remarkable

Cormittoo

the

minimum ,

it

thu

Judan

it

run

is

micht

forward

for

affairs

of

perallol

possible

oprose more

their

to

that

it

the

the

since

thcy

rorticipation

romion .

72

Rumarks about

the

other

artírnatives and

the

Regional

Capitals

, 1

The

Committee

in

a

of

tim has

has arranged

foscenting

which

ment

order .

its

impedo

own

the

. 2

di

are

rot

be

crned

rrovinco

trat

scis

the i the

in view of

Letween

two

or

to

and

be

and

defects

basis .

present the

the

boundaries

nev ! Fegions

goveral

problems

division

of any

regions ,

and

other

reviewed

it

boundaries

of final

the

cach

of Regional Govern

more

assessm : nt

the

ned , and

comptent

the

raised by

b : twicine region

just

when

alternatives

is because

reasonable

changed

whi in li.sht be

other

disadvantacos

and

comitte sees

shou

This

achievement

nequitable

Ty, e

the

should

later

in

be

the

authorities ,

The Ero osea ResichalCapitals

Thí

situation

regne las

mos ;

the

been

of

carefully

cc :vinient Regional Co ! ittee

Le

came

to

the

towns

studied

Capital , followine

ir

Committo

Obeid ,

Babanusa

El

has

Fashi?,

and Um

the

to

choose

In

this

proposed

the

respect ,

recommendations:

Capitel or the vosten Region

The

El

12jor

the

:

considered

the

location

El Muhud ,

Abu

Zabad ,

Icdadla .

It

sees

El

of

Pula

that Babanusa

I

,

cs 31

Sildi

10 : 42 :947

? unisia

U ?!

Go

263.

HENTET OFOST IS

Ent;

SIECI. TUG

FC

ü me

E + Dopouse :

VERSTI HIS

II.700.7.ON

OI

.

203

Ollerinescu ! CABS

fil

73

is

the

best

for

1.

It

lies

at

the the

following

consicerations

confluence

of

the

:

four

provinces . 2.

Dasy accessibility

3 .

Atlequacy

of water

4.

As

a new

town

It

is

the

the

In Babanu sa ,

we

Comittee

lack

water ,

is

rapidly

developing .

of Railway

Net

in

find

some

during

establishments

And

they might

the

first

be

stage

of

Government .

Regional

towns

.

line .

provincially used

The

is

Milk plant .

the

directions

sources .

headquarters

western

such as

it

from all

in

and

sees

the

that

most

of

some

the

rest

essential

them

do

of

the

element ,

that

not hare

sufficient buildings .

As of

regards El

any

of

the

Fashir

two

might

This

sensitivity .

anc El

is

Obeod ,

create

in

a lot

aldition

inavailability of adequate

water

ei :her

in

tko

of

them is

choice

of

to

sources

the

middle

and of

resion .

Capital of

The

the Eastern

Committee

Sinnar , and

situated

the

Sinja ,

noticed

has

El

Region

:

considered

Damazin ,

that Gadarif

is

El

the

situation

Gadarif

the

most

and

of

Kassala

convinient

‫ حنا‬: ‫حز‬

2

‫جنم‬

‫را‬

Bil.Cr ,

in

no

ku

:

this

i

..t 2

+6

Veitol

,

ir

puso1tv m

the

?l

The

10.017

ini's Bus

Fun

1.1

tig

improving bu :?

the ut

of

s

to

ini ti

Cho

: 33 .

10

ION

in

in

¿ ,;

0

province

iw

make

corticirato for

promisos

Threc

the

of

inceii

ni

Provinces .

the

Gauerii

shift

or

1.90

cf

the

premises

1. TUL ?

( f

the

Fucionel

108tion

juin Tedes ut

; .. '

futurus

which ar

the

?

its

and

towi ,

I

in

Cintai

sources

who

Dou acil

cut til ?

Hialt

topic .

ther. in

to

utilisa ..?

Finci

29,1

this

in

an .

(

their

124,5 ,

idcizens

Sosya91b : lity

thin

of

buildinys if

!

rotto

:

Cure

5

11419ūs

of

Tonsurs

the

Consilio ; ius on

region .

if center

10aGelas water

CI

Damazin

01.0 ,

Ini JOV

is sioje cital

El

ocoractoristic in

at 10 000er. 2sion

and

cithio

attivo

:

Doti

wij?

et

Cho

Easturn

tiroitvi volvie

į Cis .

int

75

The

Meden

Committee

.,

considered

Khartoun ,

Shendi ,

Shend ,

is

the

1 .

14

is

situated

2 .

Easy accessibility .

3 .

I'lle

existence

the

presence

The

is

Eclipsc

efi'ective

and

like

the

found

the

the

Region ,

and because

Power

in

it

Also

Capital would raise

.

since

it

the would

and make

unfelt .

and

sources

Khartoum

Power

that

following :

establishments

remo ter

almost

centre ,

Tad

its

Cc : mittee

Regional

it

Iess

its

selection

sensitivity

to

of

Barakat , it

a

Gadarif ,

of Gezira

town .

study must

Shendi

are

Moreover ,

Province .

capital

and

situated

and buildings

crowded

its

is not

So ,

be

as

the

focussed

proposed

Capitals .

Acording

be

premises

saw that

Babanuse ,

kedeni ,

Capital

Sc memo would make

more

for

of adequate water

manner ,

its proximity

shall

some

Capital ,

utilised by the

(a

Berber and

of

other Regions .

é mono

in

of

:

situation

the mi ?cle of

Regional

a Regional

In

in

of the Central the

the

convinient

has

rational

focusing

as

most

Committee

the

Central Region

of the North

Canital

The

to

the

the

Second

capital

inclination

to

of

Choice , the

Sinnar

Sinnar

Central in

or

Kosti

Region ,

view of

its

with

history ,

-

76

its

location in

resources .

remain It

is

Shendi

In

the

middle ,

and its

this

respect

Medeni

capital

also be

the

of

suscested

the

Capital

Region ,

with more

view of

its

the

the

El

Damar

or

North Eastern

inclination to

position .

would

province .

that of

considerable

El

Damar

in

77

CHAPT R

FOUR

The idministrative within the context

ti of Capital the Regionai system

Status

of

of Government

People ' tal

to

tic

afts

through

matter mus :

of

participation

fact ,

it

own

domes

elections .

3

:

in

capi

the

of

their

conductin '

their

is

civizens

the

a constitutii nal right

which

1. cured

tus

in

full rights

their

joy

enable

to

Government ,

ocal

the

to

ith regard

status

a unique

have

shall

capital

I

1 .

for

ration

in

each the

to

citizen irrespective

demands

of the

status.

of the

legal

sta

quo .

Li! by

üian

pital

ir

as : o ;;

rise ,

it

eral

privileges

iew of Le

is

a political

its

centre

right

proviäed

acknowledged of

life

and

which

for

the

status

ca : not

be

spa frente

citizens

in

the

throughout

the National

its

Capital

oi

hist.. the

Sudan

co 7 , mich

ü.

the

the

availability

attention

litici

dencies ,

pation?

anasing

ghtenme their

they

such their

can

of

the

nation ' ]

of

the

capital's

as

the

demandins

own

life .

intensify

Of

their

needs

ci ... Bens to fra

other

political

cours,

efforts

in plenty ,

i

with order

parliri

more to

po

enli

support

canijo Gither

2 . the

Th prop .

separate

ministrative d

system

tity

in

set -up

should

take / 1 :

of Regional Government view of

the

National

is

m

different

-

respect

aspects

of

to

from its

the Capital .

It also This

is

differe :

working and

the

a

separate

entity

with regar :

10

the

population .

ause

it

comprises different

eleme:

coming from the

arts

of

the

with 15

several

the tral

Sudan ,

National Civil

together

Institutions

Service .

such

as

the

elements

Regular

forces ,

78

Likewise , economic on

its

enjoys

structure .

units ,

were

it

all

the

The

factories ,

destined

requirements

the

for

samu

status

different the

the

productive

textile

welfare

in general ,

but

with reference and

industries ,

of

the

not

to

provide

its

constructi

the

country ,

to

markets

and

needs

to

meet

for

local

purposes .

It

is

cational

also

and

of

different

tistic

and

is

up

Central

geographical of

mmitment

it

must

or

also

intensive

intended people

applies

to

coming

its

edu

to meet

the

from

cultural ,

ar

concerns ,

National

all

of

regroup

which might

have

and in

and regional

the to

sentation

sectors

the

the

both

Natio

affiliation ,

government

peoples

the

regions .

other

were

of

close

it

is

the

and

by no

tied relations means

Capital ,

implications

suitable

since

are

not

the

with to

set

distinct

reflected in

the

people .

its

Moreover ,

which

incarnation

the

Government ,

a regional

life

This

other Region

Accordingly , the

different

in view

activities .

sports

and Regional

nal

entity

services

Regions .

any

than

more

the

Khartoum

So ,

separate

sanitary

requirements the

a

in

the

in

capital They

the Regions and

they

practise

National

claim

even

this

care

right

Government

their

and

for

right

it

through not

of

more

than

their

through

co

repre

a regional

government .

ffer ,

of

the

Local

according

to

our

assessment ,

People's

the tal ,

Towns

Three

not

prevail the

Local

over

people's

convinient

Government

Khartoum Province ,

i.e .:

the

of

Government

system

The

3 ,

where this

the

in

some

of

forum

Local Government .

to work

within

a

the

broader

to

it

runder

di of capi

the

inside .

linkage

constitutes

Logically , unit

because

social

must

system

urban regions

close which

Capital

general

aspects ,

comprises

feeling

limited

from

in the

the

does base

would be most services

in

79

a much more vernment ce .

efficient

could fit

However ,

Shape

of

On the commend form

that

from

1 :

the

more

ple

are

they

aware

of

areas

People's

Local Go

of Khartoum Provin

Towns .

afore - mentioned

to

the

find

on

up

the

the

the

following

a two system

General

at

council ,

quarters

industrial

the

make

People's

of

are be

they

as

establishment

their

Councils

Region's

shall remain

councils and

of

and

responsibilities

the

take

re

councils . )

and

markets

essential ,

model

( villages

sections

basic

the

should

we

of Khartoum Province ,

sectors

set

considerations ,

top .

Government

of

Three

Administration

Quarters ,

which represent

the rural

the

rural be

must

Local

The

2:

cause

up

of which we

top

the

local

the

Within

system

sdministration

of

base

the

People's

of

the

The

well

than

local

systers

stage

very

other

basis

manner

peo

Local Govern

ment .

3:

In

each

oi

Three

the

established

which regroups

unify

rovedent

their

( Between

each Town

Khartoum Region's um

4 :

Those

Democratic those or

the

councils

virtue

meetings

a region's

rural

and

council

urban

councils

Geographical rogion

the

tributaries ) .

Nilo

Omdurman Region's

must

be

and

following

Examples :

Council

Kharto

and

Council .

elements ,

in

two

Council ,

North Region's

all

within

thì

Towns

and

of

who

th

at

all

there ir

levels is

no

status

participate

in

should

comprise

appointed members ,

room for

save the

for

purely

the

participants

delibrations

and not

in

decision making .

5 : hensive cil .

At

the

council Its

top must

membership

of

the

three region's

be established should

not

called

Councils , the

exceed more

a

compre

Capital's

than

fifty

Coun persons .

80

The

two - third

presenting bers .

the

of

or

rural

membership

lower

is

to

the

Executive

tal ,

levels ,

say ,

those

Capital Organ

members

or

consists

and

one - third

who

are

those

to

the

ensure

elected

ulements

re

from appointed men

qualified

in virtue

undertaking

appointed

of

of

to

conduct

the

their

status

in

administration

of the

Capi

full representation

of

all

areas .

6 : by

the

That

affairs

of the

Administration

The

Commissioner

a

the

President

The

Commissioner 7 :

or

the

shall

be

appointed

assisted

by

some

undertaken

be and

removed

by

the Republic .

of

shall

be

all

of

Povers ofthe Capital's 1 .

The

with

jurisdictions not

delegated vested in

executives .

entities

local

years .

four

is

Administration :

Capital's Administration

and which are

Capital

to

a Governor

duration

Tire

of

shall

function in

by

legislations

or

the

constitution

just

compliance

local

orders ,

like

all

other

regions .

The delegation

2 . is

councils

shall

corporate 3 .

The

tal's ment

body

Council , any

bed

The by

and

function

of

Capital

the

for

2 .

Capital

is

be

the

to

The

from

their

of

the

to

delegated

pertaining

lower

that

executive

Central

The

in

Council .

of

the

through legislation

the

level

Council

budgets .

Capital's

chief

legislation

Executive

Capi

to

imple

Organ .

the Capital's Administration . shall have the

People's

destined The

he

shall

Council .

delegation

organisation

confined

be

shall

through

powers

Capital's

subsidary

a the

Comniissioner

Finance 1 .

receive

undertakes

also

which

the

of

in favour

effected

o . genisitional

of

Local

the Regional

Government

Central

sic

infrastructure .

Government

so

financial Act ,

other

sources than

prescri

tho

sources

Governments .

shall receive

the

same

as

to

a

direct

financial

ameliorate

and

support

develop

its

from ba

1

81

3 . A financial vernment tions This

to

the

between would

tional

allocation Capital

the

enable

powers

the

ral

supervision

ns .

Central

pital's

Council

taining

to

3 .

The

shall by

be

the

4 .

undertaking

regards the

the

be

shoulū

be

stated must

adopting

any

Supervision

in

shall

Khartoun , to

the

by

the

remain

Khartoum Capital .

to

practise

the

addi

them .

of

the

with

be

of the

the

and

in

cent

functio

and

the

details .

povers

of

the

procedures

Ca per

Functions .

Administration

Republic ,

the

Tresidential

composed

North

direct

National

and

Capital's

the

to

Capital

clearly

control

President

to

rela

Regional Governaent .

organisational

on

accordance

Central Go

financial

subject

relations betwen

Government

undertaken

annexed

to

the

Government .

undertaking of National

Central

Khartoun

authorities

transferred

Central

the

as

in

Ministers

Omdurnan , tly ,

the

and

shall

Central Government The

be

by

with the

Administration

Consequently

2 .

the

allotted

compliance

Capital's

which will

Khartour's

be

Central Government

Relation with 1 .

in

shall

the

of

the

Bural

and

then

System ,

Three Areas .

Towns , fr.06.14

82

FIVE

CHAPTER

Data and the

1 .

Number

of

Statistics

Technical

annexed

to

Central Region

:

5,879,000

The

Western Region

:

5,053,000

The

Eastern Region

:

2,896,000

The

Southern Region :

3,601,000

. 2

The

of

population :

The

Sanitary

the report

Committee for Regional System of Government

persons

110.01 Hospitals

Services :

Central Region

58

:

remarks

One

hospital

101 , 362 The Western Region

26

:

One

hospital

liegion

21

:

One

hospital

25

Southern Region :

One

hospital

every

for

every

Dressing

Dispen saries

Health Centre

of :

for

persons .

144,004 Number

every

persons

137,904 The

for

persons

155,385 The Eastern

for every persons

Stations

The

Central Region =

127

337

893

The

Western Region =

36

165

295

The

Eastern Region

29

150

108

Southern Region =

152.

108

The

Number of Beds

in

5

hospitals and Health

Centres :

Central Region

:

One

bed

for

every

788

The Testern Region

:

One

bed

for

every

1 , 849

The

Eastern Region

:

One

bed

for

every

1,027

The

Southern Regicn :

One

bed

for

every

1,185

The

persons 1:

97 111

1

-

83

3 .

Educational Services . Primary The

No.of Schools

School :

Central Region

2,353

:

Remarks

One

school 2,488

The

Western Region

988

:

One

school

5 , 114 The

Eastern Region

903

:

One

school 3,027

The

Southern Region

673

:

One

school 5,350

Intermediate

The

Central Region

The ' Testern Region

654

:

One

school

196

:

One

school

25,780 Eastern Region

152

:

One

school

19 , 152 The

85

Southern Region :

One

school

42,351

Secondary The

Central Region

99

:

One

school

estern Region

14

:

One

school

360,938 The

Eastern Region

18

:

One

school

160,888 The

14

Southern Region :

One

school

257,857

4 .

roads and a)

for

every

persons for

every

persons for

every

persons

for

every

persons for

every

persons for

every

persons for

every

persons

School :

89,383 The

every

School :

8,989

The

for

persons

Transportation .

Lengths of Railway

lines

in

kilometres

The

Central Region

:

1,665

The

Jestern Region

:

1,091

The

Eastern Region

:

1,536

The

Southern Region :

243

for

every

persons for

every

persons for

every

persons for

every

persons

84

b)

ej

Lengths

of

constructed roads

The

Central Region

:

433

The

Pestern Region

:

397

The

Eastern Region

:

1,355

The

Southern Region :

1,600

River

(Hot

asphalted )

Transportation :

Lensths of

ilavigable Rivers

The

Central

Region

:

The

Western Region

:

The

Eastern Region

:

210

The

Southern Region :

2,122

:

164

Khartoum

d)

in Kilometres

Posts and

in Kilometres

1,352

Telegraphs Services ,

No.of

No. of

Offices

gencies

Central Region

:

144

229

The Western Region

:

39

121

The

Eastern Region

:

40

80

The

Southern Region :

37

25

The

on gi e R

Central The Region

The Western Region

s Airport of No. receiving full 27 Fokers freight

6

3

3

The Southern Region

1

The Eastern Region

Khartoun

Boing 737

Airport No. of s receiving

-

No. of Airports receiving

2

red 27 Fok uce ers d freight

3

1

1

1

2

1

1

OI itir NO OI. port receiving

707 Boin g

1

IVO. receiving Boing

poris 01 Tili

in peri a 707

two years

od rot exceeding

El)(1 Obeid

Port New (

lir1 Sudan

port) Malakal

3Tau Juba

‫܊‬

‫ܫ‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫ܝ‬

86 The The

First Alternative Testern Region

:

( The

third option

Morthern Darfur

of

the

Sub - Committee ) :

Trovince ,

Southern Darfur

Irovince , Northern Kordofan thern Kordofan Trovince .

The

iTorthern Region :

The

Eastern Region

The

Southern Region :

The The

Second

:

Alternative

Southern Region :

Mile

Trovince ,

Tile ce :

Irovince

Ivorthern and

part

Province ,

Province ,

Sou

White

of Khartoum

Provin

Kassala Province , Blue Hile Province , Jhi te vile Irovince , Gezira Irovince and part of Whartoum Province . Eastern Equatoria , Pestern Equatoria , Elei , Upper Mile , Bahr El Ghazal , and Lakes Irovinces .

(Second option

of

the

Eastern Equatoria ,

glei , Lakes

Upper Nile , Erovinces .

Jon the

Sub - Committee ).

western Squatoria , El Ghazal , and

Bahr

Jon the

The

Testern Region

:

itorthern Kordofan , Southern Kordofan , Nor thern Dartur , Southern Darfur Provinces .

The

Central Region

:

Gezira ,

The

North Eastern .

Kaşsala , Red Khartoum .

Third Alternative

(First option

Region

The The

Southern Region :

Thite

lile ,

Sea ,

of

Blue

Mile

the

Nile

Provinces .

Tor therzi

Trovince ,

Sub - Committee )

Eastern Equatoria , Western Equatoria , Jon glei , Upper Nile , Bahr El Ghazal and the Lakes Provinces .

The Western Region

:

Northern Kordofan , Southern Kordofan , Nor thern Darfur , Southeri1 Darfur Frovinces .

The

Eastern Region

:

ied

The

Central Region

:

Gezira , Thite Nile , thern Trovinces .

Sea ,

Kassala ,

Blue

Nilo

Trovince .

Khartoum lile

and NOF

,

JQ3981

S 87 IS

A3 198Oct

HOOVER INSTITUTION

ES To avoid fine, g4 ANVORDELIRRARI or before the date last stamped below

JQ 3981 .58718 A3 1980ct f Report of the TechnicalAJQ0746 Hoover Institution Library

5877

A3 3 6105 081

135 001

1980