Reference World Atlas [10 ed.] 9780241226339, 0241226333, 9781465451828, 146545182X

Table of contents :
Introduction v
Contents vi–vii
How to use this Atlas viii–ix
The solar system x–xi
The physical world xii–xiii
Structure of the Earth xiv–xv
Shaping the landscape xvi–xvii
The world’s oceans xviii–xix
The global climate xx–xxi
Life on Earth xxii–xxiii
Population and settlement xxiv–xxv
The economic system xxvi–xxvii
The political world xxviii–xxix
States and boundaries xxx–xxxi
International disputes xxxii
Political British Isles xxxiv
Wales xxxv
Southern England xxxvi–xxxvii
Central England xxxviii–xxxix
Northern England xl–xli
Scotland xlii–xliii
Ireland xliv
NORTH AMERICA 1
PHYSICAL NORTH AMERICA 2–3
POLITICAL NORTH AMERICA 4–5
NORTH AMERICAN RESOURCES 6–7
Canada 8–9
Canada: Western Provinces 10–11
Canada: Eastern Provinces 12–13
Southeastern Canada 14–15
United States of America 16–17
USA: Northeastern States 18–19
USA: Mid-Eastern States 20–21
USA: Southern States 22–23
USA: Texas 24–25
USA: South Midwestern States 26–27
USA: Upper Plains States 28–29
USA: Great Lakes States 30–31
USA: North Mountain States 32–33
USA: California & Nevada 34–35
USA: South Mountain States 36–37
USA: Hawaii & Alaska 38–39
Mexico 40–41
Central America 42–43
The Caribbean 44–45
SOUTH AMERICA 46–47
PHYSICAL SOUTH AMERICA 48–49
POLITICAL SOUTH AMERICA 50–51
SOUTH AMERICAN RESOURCES 52–53
Northern South America 54–55
Western South America 56–57
Brazil 58–59
Eastern South America 60–61
Southern South America 62–63
The Atlantic Ocean 64–65
AFRICA 66–67
PHYSICAL AFRICA 68–69
POLITICAL AFRICA 70–71
AFRICAN RESOURCES 72–73
North Africa 74–75
West Africa 76–77
Central Africa 78–79
East Africa 80–81
Southern Africa 82–83
EUROPE 84–85
PHYSICAL EUROPE 86–87
POLITICAL EUROPE 88–89
EUROPEAN RESOURCES 90–91
Scandinavia, Finland & Iceland 92–93
Southern Scandinavia 94–95
The British Isles 96–97
The Low Countries 98–99
Germany 100–101
France 102–103
The Iberian Peninsula 104–105
The Italian Peninsula 106–107
The Alpine States 108–109
Central Europe 110–111
Southeast Europe 112–113
Bulgaria & Greece 114–115
Romania, Moldova & Ukraine 116–117
The Baltic States & Belarus 118–119
The Mediterranean 120–121
The Russian Federation 122–123
Northern European Russia 124–125
Southern European Russia 126–127
ASIA 128–129
PHYSICAL ASIA 130–131
POLITICAL ASIA 132–133
ASIAN RESOURCES 134–135
Turkey & the Caucasus 136–137
The Near East 138–139
The Arabian Peninsula 140–141
Iran & the Gulf States 142–143
Kazakhstan 144–145
Central Asia 146–147
Afghanistan & Pakistan 148–149
South Asia 150–151
Northern India & the Himalayan States 152–153
Southern India & Sri Lanka 154–155
Mainland East Asia 156–157
Western China 158–159
Eastern China 160–161
Northeastern China, Mongolia & Korea 162–163
Japan 164–165
Mainland Southeast Asia 166–167
West Maritime Southeast Asia 168–169
East Maritime Southeast Asia 170–171
The Indian Ocean 172–173
AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA 174–175
POLITICAL AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA 176–177
AUSTRALASIAN & OCEANIAN RESOURCES 178–179
Australia 180–181
Southeast Australia 182–183
New Zealand 184–185
Melanesia 186–187
Micronesia 188–189
Polynesia 190–191
The Pacific Ocean 192–193
Antarctica 194–195
The Arctic 196–197
Geographical comparisons 198–199
Standard time zones 200
Countries of the world 201–207
Geographical glossary 208–210
Geographical names 211
Index 212–349
Acknowledgements 350

Citation preview

REFERENCE

WORLD

ATLAS

REFERENCE

WORLD

ATLAS

FOR THE TENTH EDITION Senior Cartographic Editor Simon Mumford Producer, Pre-Production Luca Frassinetti Producer Vivienne Yong Jacket Design Development Manager Sophia MTT Publishing Director Jonathan Metcalf Associate Publishing Director Liz Wheeler Art Director Karen Self General Geographical Consultants Physical Geography Denys Brunsden, Emeritus Professor, Department of Geography, King’s College, London Human Geography Professor J Malcolm Wagstaff, Department of Geography, University of Southampton Place Names Caroline Burgess, CartoConsulting Ltd, Reading Boundaries International Boundaries Research Unit, Mountjoy Research Centre, University of Durham

Digital Mapping Consultants DK Cartopia developed by George Galfalvi and XMap Ltd, London Professor Jan-Peter Muller, Department of Photogrammetry and Surveying, University College, London Planets and information on the Solar System provided by Philip Eales and Kevin Tildsley, Planetary Visions Ltd, London

Regional Consultants North America Dr David Green, Department of Geography, King’s College, London • Jim Walsh, Head of Reference, Wessell Library, Tufts University, Medford, Massachussetts South America Dr David Preston, School of Geography, University of Leeds Europe Dr Edward M Yates, formerly of the Department of Geography, King’s College, London Africa Dr Philip Amis, Development Administration Group, University of Birmingham • Dr Ieuan Ll Griffiths, Department of Geography, University of Sussex Dr Tony Binns, Department of Geography, University of Sussex

Central Asia Dr David Turnock, Department of Geography, University of Leicester South and East Asia Dr Jonathan Rigg, Department of Geography, University of Durham Australasia and Oceania Dr Robert Allison, Department of Geography, University of Durham

Acknowledgments Digital terrain data created by Eros Data Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA. Processed by GVS Images Inc, California, USA and Planetary Visions Ltd, London, UK Cambridge International Reference on Current Affairs (CIRCA), Cambridge, UK • Digitization by Robertson Research International, Swanley, UK • Peter Clark British Isles maps generated from a dataset supplied by Map Marketing Ltd/European Map Graphics Ltd in combination with DK Cartopia copyright data

DORLING KINDERSLEY CARTOGRAPHY Editor-in-Chief Andrew Heritage Managing Cartographer David Roberts Senior Cartographic Editor Roger Bullen Editorial Direction Louise Cavanagh Database Manager Simon Lewis Art Direction Chez Picthall Cartographers Pamela Alford • James Anderson • Caroline Bowie • Dale Buckton • Tony Chambers • Jan Clark • Bob Croser • Martin Darlison • Damien Demaj • Claire Ellam • Sally Gable Jeremy Hepworth • Geraldine Horner • Chris Jackson • Christine Johnston • Julia Lunn • Michael Martin • Ed Merritt • James Mills-Hicks • Simon Mumford • John Plumer John Scott • Ann Stephenson • Gail Townsley • Julie Turner • Sarah Vaughan • Jane Voss • Scott Wallace • Iorwerth Watkins • Bryony Webb • Alan Whitaker • Peter Winfield

Digital Maps Created in DK Cartopia by Tom Coulson • Thomas Robertshaw Philip Rowles • Rob Stokes

Managing Editor

Placenames Database Team Natalie Clarkson • Ruth Duxbury • Caroline Falce • John Featherstone • Dan Gardiner Ciárán Hynes • Margaret Hynes • Helen Rudkin • Margaret Stevenson • Annie Wilson

Senior Managing Art Editor

Lisa Thomas

Philip Lord

Editors

Designers

Thomas Heath • Wim Jenkins • Jane Oliver Siobhan Ryan • Elizabeth Wyse

Editorial Research Helen Dangerfield • Andrew Rebeiro-Hargrave

Additional Editorial Assistance Debra Clapson • Robert Damon • Ailsa Heritage Constance Novis • Jayne Parsons • Chris Whitwell

Scott David • Carol Ann Davis • David Douglas • Rhonda Fisher Karen Gregory • Nicola Liddiard • Paul Williams

Illustrations Ciárán Hughes • Advanced Illustration, Congleton, UK

Picture Research Melissa Albany • James Clarke • Anna Lord Christine Rista • Sarah Moule • Louise Thomas

First published in Great Britain in 1997 as the DK World Atlas, and subsequent editions as the Reference Atlas of the World, by Dorling Kindersley Limited, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL. Reprinted with revisions 1998, 1999. Second Edition 2001. Third Edition 2003. Reprinted with revisions 2004. Sixth Edition 2005. Seventh Edition 2007. Eighth Edition 2010. Ninth Edition 2013. Tenth Edition 2016. Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2010, 2013, 2016 Dorling Kindersley Limited, London. A Penguin Random House Company 2 4 6 8 10 9 7 5 3 1 001 - 265170 - August 2016 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner. A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: 978-0-2412-2633-9 Printed and bound in Hong Kong. A WORLD OF IDEAS: SEE ALL THERE IS TO KNOW

www.dk.com

Introduction EVERYTHING YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT OUR PLANET TODAY For many, the outstanding legacy of the twentieth century was the way in which the Earth shrank. In the third millennium, it is increasingly important for us to have a clear vision of the world in which we live. The human population has increased fourfold since 1900. The last scraps of terra incognita – the polar regions and ocean depths – have been penetrated and mapped. New regions have been colonized and previously hostile realms claimed for habitation. The growth of air transport and mass tourism allows many of us to travel further, faster, and more frequently than ever before. In doing so we are given a bird’s-eye view of the Earth’s surface denied to our forebears. At the same time, the amount of information about our world has grown enormously. Our multimedia environment hurls uninterrupted streams of data at us, on the printed page, through the airwaves and across our television, computer, and phone screens; events from all corners of the globe reach us instantaneously, and are witnessed as they unfold. Our sense of stability and certainty has been eroded; instead, we are aware that the world is in a constant state of flux and change. Natural disasters, man-made cataclysms, and conflicts between nations remind us daily of the enormity and fragility of our domain. The ongoing threat of international terrorism throws into very stark relief the difficulties that arise when trying to ‘know’ or ‘understand’ our planet and its many cultures. The current crisis in our ‘global’ culture has made the need greater than ever before for everyone to possess an atlas. The REFERENCE WORLD ATLAS has been conceived to meet this need. At its core, like all atlases, it seeks to define where places are, to describe their main characteristics, and to locate them in relation to other places. Every attempt has been made to make the information on the maps as clear, accurate, and accessible as possible using the latest digital cartographic techniques. In addition, each page of the atlas provides a wealth of further information, bringing the maps to life. Using photographs, diagrams, ‘at-a-glance’ maps, introductory texts, and captions, the atlas builds up a detailed portrait of those features – cultural, political, economic, and geomorphological – that make each region unique and which are also the main agents of change. This tenth edition of the REFERENCE WORLD ATLAS incorporates hundreds of revisions and updates, distilling the burgeoning mass of information available through modern technology into an extraordinarily detailed and reliable view of our world.

CONTENTS

The Caribbean .....................................................................44–45

ATLAS OF THE WORLD

Anguilla, Antigua & Barbuda, Aruba, The Bahamas, Barbados, Bonaire, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Cuba, Curaçao, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Navassa Island, Puerto Rico, St Kitts & Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent & the Grenadines, Sint Maarten, Trinidad & Tobago, Turks & Caicos Islands, Virgin Islands (US)

North America

South America

NORTH AMERICA ................................................................... 1

SOUTH AMERICA ..................................................... 46– 47

PHYSICAL NORTH AMERICA ................................ 2–3

PHYSICAL SOUTH AMERICA ............................. 48– 49

POLITICAL NORTH AMERICA ..............................4–5

POLITICAL SOUTH AMERICA ..............................50–51

The solar system.................................................................... x–xi

NORTH AMERICAN RESOURCES ......................6–7

SOUTH AMERICAN RESOURCES .................... 52–53

The physical world........................................................ xii–xiii

Canada ................................................................................................. 8–9

Northern South America ...................................... 54–55

Introduction ........................................................................................ v Contents........................................................................................ vi–vii How to use this Atlas................................................. viii–ix

THE WORLD

Canada: Western Provinces .................................. 10–11 Structure of the Earth ............................................. xiv–xv Shaping the landscape ......................................... xvi–xvii The world’s oceans .................................................. xviii–xix The global climate

....................................................... xx–xxi

Life on Earth ................................................................... xxii–xxiii

Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Yukon

Canada: Eastern Provinces...................................... 12–13 New Brunswick, Newfoundland & Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Québec, St Pierre & Miquelon

Southeastern Canada .................................................. 14–15 Southern Ontario, Southern Québec

United States of America ....................................... 16–17 USA: Northeastern States ...................................... 18–19

Population and settlement ......................... xxiv–xxv The economic system ..................................... xxvi–xxvii The political world ............................................. xxviii–xxix States and boundaries ....................................... xxx–xxxi International disputes.................................................... xxxii

Connecticut, Maine, Massachussetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont

USA: Southern States.................................................. 22–23 Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi

USA: Texas ..................................................................................24–25 Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma

USA: Upper Plains States ........................................ 28–29 Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin

USA: North Mountain States ............................ 32–33

Southern England ............................................ xxxvi–xxxvii

USA: California & Nevada ......................................34–35

Northern England ............................................................. xl–xli Scotland

................................................................................. xlii–xliii

Ireland .................................................................................................... xliv

vi

USA: Great Lakes States ...........................................30–31

Wales ................................................................................................... xxxv

Central England .................................................xxxviii–xxxix

Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru

Brazil ................................................................................................. 58–59 Eastern South America ............................................ 60–61 Southeast Brazil, Northeast Argentina, Uruguay

Southern South America ...................................... 62–63 Argentina, Chile, Paraguay

The Atlantic Ocean ...................................................... 64–65

Africa

Delaware, District of Columbia, Kentucky, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia

Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota

Political British Isles..........................................................xxxiv

Western South America ......................................... 56–57

USA: Mid-Eastern States ......................................... 20–21

USA: South Midwestern States....................... 26–27

THE BRITISH ISLES

Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela

Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Wyoming

USA: South Mountain States ............................36–37 Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah

USA: Hawaii & Alaska .................................................. 38–39 Mexico ............................................................................................40–41 Central America................................................................ 42–43 Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama

AFRICA .............................................................................................. 66–67 PHYSICAL AFRICA ............................................................. 68–69 POLITICAL AFRICA ..............................................................70–71 AFRICAN RESOURCES ................................................... 72–73

North Africa ............................................................................ 74–75 Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Western Sahara

West Africa .............................................................................. 76–77 Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo

Central Africa ........................................................................ 78–79 Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Dem. Rep. Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Sao Tome & Principe

East Africa ................................................................................. 80–81 Burundi, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda

Southern Africa.................................................................. 82–83 Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, Zimbabwe

Europe

Asia

EUROPE ..............................................................................................84–85

ASIA .................................................................................................... 128–129

PHYSICAL.EUROPE ............................................................ 86–87

PHYSICAL.ASIA .....................................................................130–131

AUSTRALASIA.&.OCEANIA .................................174–175

POLITICAL.EUROPE ......................................................... 88–89

POLITICAL.ASIA ...................................................................132–133

POLITICAL.AUSTRALASIA.

EUROPEAN.RESOURCES ............................................. 90–91

ASIAN.RESOURCES ........................................................134–135

Scandinavia,.Finland.&.Iceland. ...................... 92–93

Turkey.&.the.Caucasus......................................... 136–137

Denmark,.Finland,.Iceland,.Norway,.Svalbard,. Sweden

Southern.Scandinavia.................................................94–95 Denmark,.Faroe.Islands,.Southern.Norway,. Southern.Sweden

The.British.Isles...................................................................96–97 Channel.Islands,.Ireland,.Isle.of.Man,.. United.Kingdom

The.Low.Countries....................................................... 98–99 Belgium,.Luxembourg,.Netherlands

.

Armenia,.Azerbaijan,.Georgia,.Turkey

The.Near.East................................................................... 138–139 Iraq,.Israel,.Jordan,.Lebanon,.Syria

The.Arabian.Peninsula............................................ 140–141 Bahrain,.Kuwait,.Oman,.Qatar,.Saudi.Arabia,.. United.Arab.Emirates,.Yemen

Iran.&.the.Gulf.States............................................. 142–143 Bahrain,.Iran,.Kuwait,.Qatar,.United.Arab.Emirates

Kazakhstan............................................................................ 144–145 Central.Asia.......................................................................... 146–147

Germany.................................................................................. 100–101

Kyrgyzstan,.Tajikistan,.Turkmenistan,.Uzbekistan

France.......................................................................................... 102–103

Afghanistan.&.Pakistan.........................................148–149

France,.Monaco

The.Iberian.Peninsula............................................. 104–105 Andorra,.Gibraltar,.Portugal,.Spain

The.Italian.Peninsula............................................... 106–107 Italy,.San.Marino,.Vatican.City

The.Alpine.States........................................................ 108–109 Austria,.Liechtenstein,.Slovenia,.Switzerland

Central.Europe....................................................................110–111 Czech.Republic,.Hungary,.Poland,.Slovakia.

Southeast.Europe........................................................... 112–113 Albania,.Bosnia.&.Herzegovina,.Croatia,.Kosovo,.. Macedonia,.Montenegro,.Serbia

Bulgaria.&.Greece...........................................................114–115 (including.European.Turkey)

Romania,.Moldova.&.Ukraine.........................116–117 The.Baltic.States.&.Belarus. .............................. 118–119 Belarus,.Estonia,.Latvia,.Lithuania,.Kaliningrad

The.Mediterranean.......................................................120–121 The.Russian.Federation......................................... 122–123

South.Asia............................................................................... 150–151 Bangladesh,.Bhutan,.India,.Maldives,.Nepal,.. Pakistan,.Sri.Lanka

Northern.India.&.the.. Himalayan.States................................................. 152–153 Bangladesh,.Bhutan,.Nepal,.Northern.India

Southern.India.&.Sri.Lanka.............................. 154–155 Mainland.East.Asia...................................................... 156–157

Australasia & Oceania

&.OCEANIA ................................................................... 176–177 AUSTRALASIAN.&. OCEANIAN.RESOURCES ............................. 178–179

Australia.....................................................................................180–181 Southeast.Australia................................................... 182–183 New.South.Wales,.South.Australia,.. Tasmania,.Victoria

New.Zealand......................................................................184–185 Melanesia................................................................................186–187 Fiji,.New.Caledonia,.Papua.New.Guinea,. Solomon.Islands,.Vanuatu

Micronesia............................................................................ 188–189 Guam,.Marshall.Islands,.Micronesia,.Nauru,.. Northern.Mariana.Islands,.Palau,.Wake.Island

Polynesia...................................................................................190–191 Cook.Islands,.Easter.Island,.French.Polynesia,.. Kiribati,.Niue,.Pitcairn.Islands,.Tokelau,.Tuvalu,.. Wallis.&.Futuna

The.Pacific.Ocean........................................................192–193 Antarctica............................................................................... 194–195 The.Arctic..............................................................................196–197

China,.Mongolia,.North.Korea,.South.Korea,.Taiwan

Western.China................................................................. 158–159 Eastern.China...................................................................... 160–161

INDEX–GAZETTEER

Eastern.China,.Taiwan

Northeastern.China,.. Mongolia.&.Korea..............................................162–163 Mongolia,.Northeastern.China,.North.Korea,.. South.Korea.

Japan............................................................................................ .164–165 Mainland.Southeast.Asia...................................166–167 Cambodia,.Laos,.Myanmar.(Burma),.Paracel.Islands,. Thailand,.Vietnam

West.Maritime.Southeast.Asia................. 168–169 Brunei,.Indonesia,.Malaysia,.Singapore

Northern.European.Russia. .............................. 124–125

East.Maritime.Southeast.Asia...................... 170–171

Southern.European.Russia................................126–127

The.Indian.Ocean......................................................... 172–173

Geographical.comparisons............................ 198–199 Standard.time.zones. ........................................................ 200 Countries.of.the.world....................................... 201–207 Geographical.glossary......................................... 208–210 Geographical.names............................................................. 211 Index.............................................................................................212–349 Acknowledgements............................................................. 350

East.Timor,.Indonesia,.Philippines

vii

INTRODUCTION

2

ic Ridge Tropic of Cancer

Basin

eric

a T r

Barracud

Caribbean Sea

en

Guate mala B a sin

a Fracture Z

Explanatory captions

6

7

one

ch

R

is e

8

SOUTH AMERICA

ca Ri dg e

az

ge id

10

la

n

ti

c

R

Ri se

Argentine Basin

t

Sur face temperature and current s Arctic circle

dw San h South Trenc Antarcti c Circle

Weddell Sea

11

tropic of cancer

ich

Scotia Sea

S o u t h e a s t Pa c i f i c Basin

-A

id

M

Bellingshausen Sea

Amundsen Sea

Global mapping Global information is shown in a variety of projections to give the reader a clear overview of each topic.

9

Ocean currents surface currents are driven by the prevailing winds and by the spinning motion of the earth, which drives the currents into circulating whirlpools, or gyres. deep sea currents, over 330 ft (100 m) below the surface, are driven by differences in water temperature and salinity, which have an impact on the density of deep water and on its movement.

Tropic of Capricorn

Rio Grande Rise

ci fi c

OCEAN

Idealized globe showing the movement of water around a landless Earth.

O C E A N

l e Tr e n c h

N Chile Basin

E

ge Rid

Brazil Basin

hi

Ea st Pa ci fi c

Per u Basin

Tides and waves

12

equator tropic of capricorn

e

Surface temperature and currents

the highest tides occur when the earth, the moon and the sun are aligned (below left). the lowest tides are experienced when the sun and moon align at right angles to one another (below right).

Ice-shelf (below 0˚C / 32˚F) Sea-ice* (average) below -2˚C / 28˚F Sea-water -2–0˚C / 28–32˚F * Sea-water freezes at -1.9˚C / 28.4˚F

Deep sea temperature and current s Arctic circle

earth

15

sun

tropic of cancer

moon

tropic of cancer

equator

Supporting maps

tropic of capricorn 16

Antarctic circle Jurassic

Tertiary (Paleogene) Quaternary

Cretaceous 145

208 million years old

f

equator

tropic of capricorn

Antarctic circle

warm current cold current

0–10˚C / 32–50˚F 10–20˚C / 50–68˚F 20–30˚C / 68–86˚F

14

Lowest high tides

Highest high tides

Tidal range and wave environment s Arctic circle

tropic of capricorn

13

High and low tides

tides are created by the pull of the sun and moon’s gravity on the surface of the oceans. the levels of high and low tides are influenced by the position of the moon in relation to the earth and sun. waves are formed by wind blowing over the surface of the water.

65

g

Jurassic

h

145

65

i

j

Antarctic circle

tidal bulge created by gravitational pull

Tidal range and wave environments

Cretaceous

23 0 23 Tertiary (Neogene)

less than 2m / 7ft 2–4m / 7–13ft greater than 4m / 13ft

Age uncertain Continental shelf and island arcs

208 million years old

k

l

n

m

tropical cyclone storm wave

east coast swell west coast swell

o

p

Deep sea temperature and currents

ice-shelf

q

Primary currents Secondary currents

Ice-shelf (below 0˚C / 32˚F) Sea-water -2–0˚C / 28–32˚F (below 5000m / 16,400ft) Sea-water 0–5˚C / 32–41˚F (below 4000m / 13,120ft)

r

s

t

u

V

w

x

y

17

z

The political continent The political portrait of the continent is a vital reference point for every continental section, showing the position of countries relative to one another, and the relationship between human settlement and geographic location. The complex mosaic of languages spoken in each continent is mapped, as is the effect of communications networks on the pattern of settlement. political europe k

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Bern

Bordeaux Bilbao

Lyon

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K a

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HUNGARIAN SLOVENE CROATIAN R BOSNIAN

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ITALIAN

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BELORUSSIAN

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GERMAN C

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GA LIC IAN E

 The architecture of the Grand Place lies at the heart of Brussels – home city to one of the EU headquarters.

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Ionian Sea

S e a

projection: Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area

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ATHENS

Piraeus

Catania

VALLETTA

SIAN

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T DU FRENCH

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n

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Turkic Albanian Finno-Ugric/Samoyed Germanic Slavic Romance Basque H Baltic Celtic Greek Caucasian WELSH Iranian Mongol

j

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ELIA

600

N

Language groups

a

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500

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Aegean G REEC E S ea Lárisa

Messina

Palermo

a

700 400

ai

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500 300

Groznyy

Caucasus G e org ia

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N

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ALBANIA

S

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Varna Burgas

Istanbul

T

Salonica

N

200

MACEDONIA

M

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Constan√a Ruse

BULGARIA SOFIA Stara Zagora

PRISTINA SKOPJE

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PODGORICA

11

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17

200 100

Miles

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100

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ROMANIA

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Sea of Azov

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Scale 1:15,500,000

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(to Spain)

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Naples

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(to Spain)

Melilla

A RY

ri

I

Ceuta

HUNG Milan A LJUBLJANA SLOVE Verona Po Venice Trieste ZAGREB Genoa Bologna C ROAT IA BOS. Florence SAN Pisa & HERZ. MARINO SARAJEVO Mostar

Sardinia

nds

Volgograd

Dnipropetrovs’k

Dn iester

MO

Cluj-Napoca CHIflINÂU

C a s p i a n

Turin

MONACO

Corsica

Isla

s

A

Nice

Marseille

Mallorca Menorca

n

Toulouse

es

Palma

Balearic

i

ne

Barcelona

Ibiza Murcia

a

re

ANDORRA LA VELLA ANDORRA

Zaragoza

Valencia

Málaga

t

Py

Valladolid

ro

Córdoba

Cádiz

(to UK)

there are three main european language groups: germanic languages predominate in central and northern europe; romance languages in western and mediterranean europe and romania; while slavic languages are spoken in eastern europe and the russian federation. isolated pockets of local languages, such as basque and gaelic, persist and frequently provide a focus for national identity.

Voronezh

Kharkiv

KIEV

U K R A I N E

L’viv

VA

D ue

MADRID

S P A I N

Seville

Gibraltar

full international border

O de r

Tagus

Setúbal

Country capital

Languages

Homyel’

Brest

Chernivtsi

Miskolc

2nd order internal administrative centre

Miscellaneous features site of interest

9

10

h s t a n a k Saratov

B E L A RU S

WARSAW

Kraków

BUDAPEST

Ad

LISBON

100,000 to 500,000 50,000 to 100,000 10,000 to 50,000

ine Rh

above 5 million 1 million to 5 million 500,000 to 1 million

Borders

ula

Îód¶

S L O VA K I A

BRATISLAVA Györ

Innsbruck

Orenburg

Samara

MINSK

Wrocîaw

Da n Salzburg ube VIENNA

Munich

s AU S T R I A l p LIECHTENSTEIN

Tol’yatti

Tula

Vitsyebsk

8

despite its fragmented geography and many natural frontiers, communications in europe are well developed. extensive motorway links allow rapid road transport, while high-speed rail connections like france’s tgV (Train à Grande Vitesse), and the channel tunnel have improved rail travel. outdated communication infrastructures in parts of eastern europe, and insufficient transport links across the Alps, however, remain weak parts of the network.

Kazan’

Ul’yanovsk

MOSCOW na

Kaunas VILNIUS

Babruysk

CZECH REPUBLIC

Stuttgart

Zürich

BERN

SWITZERLAND

We stern D

LIT HUA NIA

PRAGUE

Nuremberg

Strasbourg

Geneva Lyon

Yaroslavl’ Nizhniy Novgorod

L AT V I A

RÍGA

Liepája

7

Athens

Valletta

Transport

Ufa

POL A N D

Dresden

Frankfurt am Main

LUXEMBOURG

Orléans

Limoges

Vi st

Poznaú

GERM ANY Leipzig

Bonn

Liège

LUXEMBOURG

PARIS

FR A NC E

Porto

Population

IUM

BRUSSELS

Se e in

Map key

15

le Havre Rennes Nantes Loir e

Bordeaux Bilbao

Bydgoszcz

Kirov

Vologda St Petersburg

ESTONIA

Ventspils

i

lt

a

B

RUSS. FED. (Kaliningrad) Kaliningrad Gdaúsk

Hamburg El b e Hannover BERLIN

Istanbul Salonica

Perm’

F E D E R AT I O N

Lake Ladoga

HELSINKI TALLINN

5

6

Varna

Sofia

Rome Naples

Novorossiysk

Bucharest Constanπa

Barcelona Valencia

Astrakhan’

Odesa

n

Groningen AMSTERDAM N ET H. THE HAGUE Bremen Rotterdam Nijmegen Antwerp Düsseldorf BELG

a

(to UK)

Gotland

Malmö

Odense

Birmingham

E N G L A N D

Channel English Channel Islands

St-Nazaire

Bay of Biscay

A Coruña

Vättern

Jönköping

Helsingborg

COPENHAGEN

Sheffield

K I NG D OM

13

14

Gothenburg Aalborg

DE NMA RK

Leeds

Liverpool Manchester

m es LONDON Southampton

12

m Traditional lifestyles still persist in many remote and rural parts of Europe, especially in the south, east, and in the far north.

Kristiansand

Newcastle upon Tyne

UNI TED

(to UK)

WA L E S

Cardiff

Marseille

Madrid

Cádiz

u

Belfast

DUBLIN

11

Nor th S ea

Edinburgh

NORTHERN IRELAND

IR EL AND ofIsle Man

Lake Onega

Tampere Turku

STOCKHOLM

vi

below 49 50–99 100–149 150–199 200–299 above 300

a

Rostov-na-Donu

Innsbruck Trieste Ljubljana Zagreb Verona Bologna Belgrade

Gibraltar

Dvin

Samara

Volgograd

Kharkiv Kiev

Bratislava Budapest

o

(people per sq km)

ther n

Kirov

Minsk Brest

Prague

Piraeus

FINLAND

Åland

Uppsala Örebro

Vänern

Lisbon

M

E

W

R U S S I A N

Arkhangel’sk

Vologda

Moscow

Kaliningrad Vilnius

Gdaúsk

Berlin Warsaw Poznaú

Nuremberg Vienna Munich

Milan Genoa

N

A

l

OSLO Stavanger

Rotterdam Antwerp Brussels Frankfurt am Main

Nizhniy Novgorod

Ríga Helsingborg

Hamburg

Amsterdam

Strasbourg

N O R W

De

London le Havre Paris

St Petersburg

Stockholm Tallinn

Gothenburg Newcastle upon Tyne Middlesbrough Copenhagen

Liverpool Birmingham Southampton

N

Trondheim

Bergen

Orkney Islands

Aberdeen Dundee

Glasgow

Population density

9

10

Communications map

le Circ

a

White Sea

Shetland Islands

SCOTLAND

Helsinki

Oslo

tic

A Coruña

N o r w e g i a n S e a

3

Bergen

Aberdeen Grangemouth Dublin

Arc

St-Nazaire

Murmansk

or

Political map All the countries in each continent are shown, with their political capitals and most populous cities.

1

2

A

Y

(to Denmark)

Outer Hebrides

Z

Vorkuta

Murmansk

Perm’

B are nts S ea

Faeroe Islands

w

Archangel

Circ le

ICELAND

7

V

major roads and motorways major railways international borders transport intersections major international airports major ports

S W E D

n

m The Brandenburg Gate in Berlin is a potent symbol of German reunification. From 1961, the road beneath it ended in a wall, built to stop the flow of refugees to the West. It was opened again in 1989 when the wall was destroyed and East and West Germany were reunited.

tic

u

Transport

Reykjavík

Kara Sea

Vorkuta Arc

t

s

Trondheim

6

Farnham

o

Novaya Zemlya

m Demand for space in densely populated European cities like London has led to the development of high-rise offices and urban sprawl.

Population map

n

m

 Overcoming natural barriers, the Brenner Autobahn, one of the main routes across the Alps, links Innsbruck in Austria with Verona in Italy.

trait k S

ar

m

ro

Yonezawa

j

REYKJAVÍK

Eb

Tizi Ozou

i

r

europe is a densely populated, urbanized continent; in belgium over 90% of people live in urban areas. the highest population densities are found in an area stretching east from southern britain and northern france, into germany. the northern fringes are only sparsely populated.

5

Th

Adana

h

BI AN

g

16

KUMYK CHECHEN AVAR LEZGHIAN OSSETIAN BALKAR

AN

Population 4

BEIJING

f

F

e

H

d

C

c

the political boundaries of europe have changed many times, especially during the 20th century in the aftermath of two world wars, the break-up of the empires of Austriahungary, nazi germany and, towards the end of the century, the collapse of communism in eastern europe. the fragmentation of yugoslavia has again altered the political map of europe, highlighting a trend towards nationalism and devolution. in contrast, economic federalism is growing. in 1958, the formation of the european economic community (now the european union or eu) started a move towards economic and political union and increasing internal migration.

U

capital city

b

Political Europe

3

Communications map

A

17

GREEK

MALTESE

y

Z

89

Miscellaneous sites of interest / miscellaneous

Valley of the Kings

Tropics / Polar circles

Antarctic Circle

Continental resources The Earth’s rich natural resources, including oil, gas, minerals and fertile land, have played a key role in the development of society. These pages show the location of minerals and agricultural resources on each continent, and how they have been instrumental in dictating industrial growth and the varieties of economic activity across the continent.

scientific station SoUth AMerICA

s

nd

la gh Hi

en

Magdal

Bogotá

L

n

la

o s

Or i

Gu

s

nd la

gh Hi

an

ili az Br

o

ac Ch

s

n ra

e d

n

N

T

N

I

6

7

O

9

C

aj

ós

r

a

ei

A

N

Tocantin s

á

ad M

r us

E

Ilha de Marajó Belém

on Amaz

Jur u

Pu

10

Fortaleza

Land use map

ua i

a

Arag

Recife

d nc i s

an

ão

Brasília S

H

s

Salvador

hl

Fra

Planalto de Mato Grosso

ig

e

ds

co

Lima

ili

an

12

az Belo Horizonte

N

O

P

Q

R

ná Par a

ra

y

Ur u

g

Paraná

e

ua

Porto Alegre

O Rosario

T

s T

Cape Horn

A

barren land cropland desert forest mountain region pasture major conurbations

X

Industry map

14

cattle pigs sheep bananas corn (maize) citrus fruits

W

Tierra del Fuego

N

Using the land and sea

T

i co

Gulf of San Jorge

Bahía Grande

S

13

A

E

15

A

Ch

C

C

L

A

I

N

Pa

m

pa

n

Montevideo

Buenos Aires

C ol or ado Rí oN eg r o

P a t a g o n i a

 High in the Andes, hardy alpacas graze on the barren land. Alpacas are thought to have been domesticated by the Incas, whose nobility wore robes made from their wool. Today, they are still reared and prized for their soft, warm fleeces.

M

Rio de Janeiro Curitiba

G

Córdoba

Santiago

 The Pampas region of southeast South America is characterized by extensive, flat plains, and populated by cattle and ranchers (gauchos). Argentina is a major world producer of beef, much of which is exported to the USA for use in hamburgers.

São Paulo

n

s

Ch

ac

o

ay o

d

 South America, and Brazil in particular, now leads the world in coffee production, mainly growing Coffea Arabica in large plantations. Coffee beans are harvested, roasted and brewed to produce the world’s second most popular drink, after tea.

Environmental issues map

C

Br

I

I H C

ra it of M

A

s

Manaus Ta p

A N E

C O C

E L

T L

5

8

L

A

B a s i n

m

below 999 1000–1999 2000–2999 3000–3999 4000–4999 above 5000

K

and

A m a z o n m a z on

Marañón

uay

J

ghl

ag Par

I

Hi

co

H

Mineral resources map

N

Pi l

Cape Horn

A

u

lan agel

St

E

ng Xi

(to UK)

na

Rio Neg ro

Putumayo Amazon

Gulf of Guayaquil

E A N O C

N

Punta Arenas

Falkland Islands

ia

C

A

Bahía Grande

A

A T

n o co

GNI per capita (US$)

Argentina and Brazil are South America’s most industrialized countries and São Paulo is the continent’s leading industrial centre. Long-term government investment in Brazilian industry has encouraged a diverse industrial base; engineering, steel production, food processing, textile manufacture and chemicals predominate. The illegal production of cocaine is economically significant in the Andean countries of Colombia and Bolivia. In Venezuela, the oil-dominated economy has left the country vulnerable to world oil price fluctuations. Food processing and mineral exploitation are common throughout the less industrially developed parts of the continent, including Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador and Peru.

Comodoro Rivadavia Gulf of San Jorge

I

C

C

A

an

a

poor urban air quality

Industry

high

N

L

u Ca

az

Gulf of Panama Medellín

Cali

Bahía Blanca Neuquén

16

A

bauxite copper diamonds gold iron lead silver tin

N A

Many foods now common worldwide originated in South America. These include the potato, tomato, squash, and cassava. Today, large herds of beef cattle roam the temperate grasslands of the Pampas, supporting an extensive meat-packing trade in Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay. Corn (maize) is grown as a staple crop across the continent and coffee is grown as a cash crop in Brazil and Colombia. Coca plants grown in Bolivia, Peru and Colombia provide most of the world’s cocaine. Fish and shellfish are caught off the western coast, especially anchovies off Peru, shrimps off Ecuador and pilchards off Chile.

N

E

Caracas

Maracaibo

Gulf of Darien

I

L

T

A E

C O C I

T L

C

oil field gas field coal field

Barranquilla

N

T

O

Mineral resources

F

T

O

Br

o ac

Ch n

ay

ra

A

IC

G

á

Pa rag u

do

T

s

A N O C E

Colora

N

e

I C

l at a

I

A

LA

nds

Car ibb ean S ea

C

Montevideo

ghla

Rio de Janeiro

A

E

URUGUAY

Buenos Aires

A RG E N T INA

1

a Hi

d

 Copper is Chile’s largest export, most of which is mined at Chuquicamata. Along the length of the Andes, metallic minerals like copper and tin are found in abundance, formed by the excessive pressures and heat involved in mountain-building.

N

P

C Talca

ian

B a s i n

n

O Santiago

Rio Grande

Valdivia

E

A

A

C

Mendoza

Valparaíso

A

Santa Fe Rosario

Z

AT Gu

A m a z o n

F

I

Curitiba

Porto Alegre

Concepción

D

de la P

o

d

F

Ciudad del Este

San Miguel de Tucumán Corrientes

low

C

Río S al a

I

Rio de Janeiro

São Paulo

Y

n Sea

s n o

l a

L

n

Using the land and sea

Belo Horizonte

PARAGUAY

X

Caribbea

heavy marine pollution

Brasília

Santa Cruz Sucre

Antofagasta

15

B

E

desertification

Salvador

BOLIVIA La Paz

Arica Iquique

Córdoba

A

C

São Paulo Pa r a

forest destroyed

12

52

O

polluted rivers

Asunción

17

IC

marine pollution

Cusco

 Both Argentina and Chile are now exploring the southernmost tip of the continent in search of oil. Here in Punta Arenas, a drilling rig is being prepared for exploratory drilling in the Strait of Magellan.

G

Santa Fe Mendoza

desert

Chuquicamata

Standard of living

T

rancisco oF Sã

tropical forest

Recife

Maceió

Arequipa

(UN human development index)

N

ad

B R A Z I L

13

LA

an d s

on

o

Santiago

PE RU

14

ig hl

Ne g ro

s

national parks

Lima

C

11

aH

Amaz

e

Environmental issues

Natal

Wealth disparities throughout the continent create a wide gulf between affluent landowners and those afflicted by chronic poverty in inner-city slums. The illicit production of cocaine, and the hugely influential drug barons who control its distribution, contribute to the violent disorder and corruption which affect northwestern South America, de-stabilizing local governments and economies.

10

AT

i an

d

E A N Fortaleza

Chimbote

Gu

S al

Standard of living

n Sea

Caracas o s

Ri

A N C E

9

n

B a s i n

O

C

Chiclayo

A

degrees of longitude / latitude

8

l a

A m a z o n

C

O

B a s i n

P

Tropics / Polar circles

L

Bogotá

I

I C

Iquitos

 The cold Peru Current flows north from the Antarctic along the Pacific coast of Peru, providing rich nutrients for one of the world’s largest fishing grounds. However, overexploitation has severely reduced Peru’s anchovy catch.

ca

F

T

Manaus

W

I

N

Caribbea

Medellín

Quito

I

A m a z o n

V

C

A

Belém

ECUADOR

U

A

L

(to France)

Quito

Guayaquil

7

pharmaceuticals printing & publishing shipbuilding sugar processing textiles timber processing tobacco processing wine oil gas industrial cities major industrial areas

 Clouds of smoke billow from the burning Amazon rainforest. Over 11,500 sq miles (30,000 sq km) of virgin rainforest are being cleared annually, destroying an ancient, irreplaceable, natural resource and biodiverse habitat.

n

French Guiana

SURINAM

COLOMBIA

6

T

Mineral resources Over a quarter of the world’s known copper reserves are found at the Chuquicamata mine in northern Chile, and other metallic minerals such as tin are found along the length of the Andes. The discovery of oil and gas at Venezuela’s Lake Maracaibo in 1917 turned the country into one of the world’s leading oil producers. In contrast, South America is virtually devoid of coal, the only significant deposit being on the peninsula of Guajira in Colombia.

A

GUYANA

Bogotá

T

S

P

Paramaribo

R

o

Georgetown

Q

P

C P A

A

Ciudad Guayana

Cali

aerospace brewing car/vehicle manufacture chemicals electronics engineering finance fish processing food processing hi-tech industry iron & steel meat processing metal refining narcotics

S e a

Valencia

VENEZUELA Medellín

O

Environmental issues The Amazon Basin is one of the last great wilderness areas left on Earth. The tropical rainforests which grow there are a valuable genetic resource, containing innumerable unique plants and animals. The forests are increasingly under threat from new and expanding settlements and ‘slash and burn’ farming techniques, which clear land for the raising of beef cattle, causing land degradation and soil erosion.

T

Industry

Caracas

Maracaibo Barquisimeto

Cartagena

Gulf of Panama

N

n

C a r i b b e a n Barranquilla

PANAMA 5

M

A

L

 Ciudad Guayana is a planned industrial complex in eastern Venezuela, built as an iron and steel centre to exploit the nearby iron ore reserves.

ili

K

d al e n a

J

A

3

4

lines of latitude and longitude / Equator

I

M ag

H

li

G

Uc ay a

F

s

E

e

D

d

C

n

mangrove

Graticule features

SoUth AMerICAN reSoUrCeS

B

Agriculture still provides the largest single form of employment in South America, although rural unemployment and poverty continue to drive people towards the huge coastal cities in search of jobs and opportunities. Mineral and fuel resources, although substantial, are distributed unevenly; few countries have both fossil fuels and minerals. To break industrial dependence on raw materials, boost manufacturing, and improve infrastructure, governments borrowed heavily from the World Bank in the 1960s and 1970s. This led to the accumulation of massive debts which are unlikely ever to be repaid. Today, Brazil dominates the continent’s economic output, followed by Argentina. Recently, the less-developed western side of South America has benefited due to its geographical position; for example Chile is increasingly exporting raw materials to Japan.

A

A

South American resources

1

viii

Sargasso Sea

Equator

Ross Sea

A

salt flat / salt pan

winter pack ice limit

e A m

Photographs

5

Surface water

88

autonomous / federal region / other 1st order internal administrative centre

ancient wall

summer pack ice limit

dl

Diagrams

3

ocean currents move warm water away from the equator towards the poles, while cold water is, in turn, moved towards the equator. this is the main way in which the earth distributes surface heat and is a major climatic control. Approximately 4000 million years ago, the earth was dominated by oceans and there was no land to interrupt the flow of the currents, which would have flowed as straight lines, simply influenced by the earth’s rotation.

Yucatan Basin

one ure Z

1

2

How sediment is deposited on the ocean floor

xix

Settlements

country/dependent territory capital city

reservoir

glacier / snowfield

nt

500,000 to 1 million

perennial salt lake

ice shelf

Frac t

id

z

rocks and other debris, flow from shelf to ocean floor

 Satellite image of the Yangtze (chang jiang) Delta, in which the land appears red. The river deposits immense quantities of silt into the East China Sea, much of which will eventually reach the deep ocean floor.

t la

1 million to 5 million

seasonal lake

ice cap / sheet

on F

r ton

M

y

continental shelf

deep sea turbidity flow

-C

more than 5 million

fewer than 10,000

Ice features

C l i p pe

tic tarc c-An Pacifi

SOUTHERN

A

secondary seasonal river

spring / well / waterhole / oasis

-A

C A T L A N T ICanary

Gulf of Mexico

one ure Z

ne re Zo rac tu

x

sediment accumulates at head of underwater canyon recentlydeposited sediments overlay older rocks

europe

10,000 to 50,000

wadi

w

4

id

Newfoundland Basin

North American Basin

Sala y Gomez Ridge

ANTA RC TIC A

1

50,000 to 100,000

marsh / salt marsh

d

Arctic Circle

e e Zon

rac t kai F

O C E A N

equator

Ocean floors

water heated by hot basalt

actur

M olo

Southwest Pacific Basin

n South Indian Basi

u

ay Fr

e

ll be mp u Ca tea Pla

Locator map Introductory text

main seasonal river

seasonal salt lake

ea

V

Labrador Sea

Pe r u

New England

minor river

perennial lake

lat

i dg

South Fiji Basin

ef Re

Vaucluse

cultural region

Chicago

dam

nP

Se a

M

C l ar i

Tasman Sea

Bass Strait

n Ridge

le

Dav is S tra i Hudson Strai t t Hudson Bay

Central Pacific Basin

Coral Sea ier

2nd order internal administrative region

FORT-DE-FRANCE

rapids

u

storms, earthquakes, and volcanic activity trigger underwater currents known as turbidity currents which scour sand and gravel from the continental shelf, creating underwater canyons. these strong currents pick up material deposited at river mouths and deltas, and carry it across the continental shelf and through the underwater canyons, where it is eventually laid down on the ocean floor in the form of fans.

Antarctic circle

mid-ocean ridges are formed by lava which erupts beneath the sea and cools to form solid rock. this process mirrors the creation of volcanoes from cooled lava on the land. the ages of sea floor rocks increase in parallel bands outwards from central ocean ridges.

ocean floor

c

t i c Circ

an d

Baffin Bay

tropic of cancer

plume of hot mineral laden water

b

ele

st In dia

nR

Arctic circle

m A black smoker in the Atlantic Ocean.

chimney

rgu

thea

enl

NORTH AMERICA

c t ure Zone c ino Fra

P A C I F I C Melanesian Basin

arr tB

MINSKAYA VOBLASTS’

other settlements

waterfall

t

m The Atlantic Ocean was formed when the landmasses of the eastern and western hemispheres began to drift apart 180 million years ago.

m The Pacific Ocean is the world’s largest and deepest ocean, covering over one-third of the surface of the Earth.

Solomon Sea

Arafura Sea

South Australian Basin Sou

ai i a

untains

Ages of the ocean floor

m Surtsey, near Iceland, is a volcanic island lying directly over the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. It was formed in the 1960s following intense volcanic activity nearby.

water percolates into the sea floor

Timor Sea

Enderby Plain Ant a rc

Haw

fic M o

Perth Basin

S

Sea level 200m / 656ft 1000m / 3281ft 2000m / 6562ft 3000m / 9843ft 4000m / 13,124ft 5000m / 16,400ft 6000m / 19,686ft

16

A

100,000 to 500,000

canal

s

xviii

dependent territory capital city

tertiary river

r

Gulf of n c h Alaska

Me n d o

a Marian

ea Gr

secondary river

Ocean depth

Black smokers these vents in the ocean floor disgorge hot, sulphurrich water from deep in the earth’s crust. despite the great depths, a variety of lifeforms have adapted to the chemical-rich environment which surrounds black smokers.

settlement population symbols

main river

q

Beaufort Sea

Tr e

ian

nts

continental shelf

Aleut

nc

M ur r

AUSTRALIA

ge

built up area

p

OC EAN Chukchi Sea

Bering Sea

re

Mi d-P ac i

Bismarck Sea

O C E A N Ke

eT

Celebes Sea

Rid

seamount / guyot symbol

Agulhas Basin

Typical sea-floor features

idge

other 1st order internal administrative region

Settlements

Drainage features

Volcanic island

12

Mid-Indian Basin

Madagascar Basin

ril

Northwest Pacific Basin

J

Philippine Sea

South China Sunda Sea Shelf

Ku

east

2nd order internal administrative border

Cape Basin

Yellow Sea East China Sea

ca lac

MINAS GERAIS

-3000m / -9843ft

undersea spot depth

oceanic ridge

Abyssal plain

scarene M al a t e a u P

-2000m / -6562ft

seamount

Tropic of Capricorn

ndian R

the continental shelf is a shallow, flat sea-bed surrounding the earth’s continents. it extends to the continental slope, which falls to the ocean floor. here, the flat abyssal plains are interrupted by vast, underwater mountain ranges, the midocean ridges, and ocean trenches which plunge to depths of 35,828 ft (10,920 m).

a

Ninety

-1000m / -3281ft

other 1st order internal administrative border

Bay of Bengal

I N D I A N

Somali Basin

Angola Basin

Ocean structure

ARCTI C

Laptev Sea

A

f of Gul iland Tha

AFRICA Equator

trench

Sea

I

Sea of Japan (East Sea)

Arabian Sea

Gulf of Guinea

flat-topped guyot

Kara

S

ia lf n

Mid-I

-500m / -1640ft

ANGOLA

autonomous / federal region

o

m Currents in the Southern Ocean are driven by some of the world’s fiercest winds, including the Roaring Forties, Furious Fifties and Shrieking Sixties.

Sea of Okhotsk

A

C

7

8

Formation of black smokers

region outside feature area

m The Indian Ocean accounts for approximately 20% of the total area of the world’s oceans.

ea

Tropic of Cancer

17

autonomous / federal region border

n

East Siberian Sea

Black Sea

A

ea nS

How surface waters reflect the relief of the ocean floor

6

Baren Sea ts

Arctic Circle

Med ite

M of

-250m / -820ft

NIUE (to NZ)

m

Deposition of sediment

E U R O P E

base level of the sea surface at 0 ft (0 m)

u tea Pla

sea level

dependent territory with parent state

l

Sea rth Se a No Baltic

depressed sea level over trough in ocean floor

Actual relief of ocean floor

ue biq zam Mo

sea depth

demarcation/ cease fire line

k

Gre

elevated sea level over ridge in ocean floor

5

11

ARMENIA

j

a

4

9

Regions

i

there are five oceans on earth: the pacific, Atlantic, indian and southern oceans, and the much smaller Arctic ocean. these five ocean basins are relatively young, having evolved within the last 80 million years. one of the most recent plate collisions, between the eurasian and African plates, created the present-day arrangement of continents and oceans.

Sea level

m The low relief of many small Pacific islands such as these atolls at Huahine in French Polynesia makes them vulnerable to changes in sea level.

country

h

The great oceans

if the influence of tides, winds, currents and variations in gravity were ignored, the surface of the earth’s oceans would closely follow the topography of the ocean floor, with an underwater ridge 3000 ft (915 m) high producing a rise of up to 3 ft (1 m) in the level of the surface water.

idge vis R

atoll

g

Wal

reef

indication of dependent territory extent (Pacific only)

f

3

10

coastline

e

ai t Str

Barracuda Fracture Zone

d

ge Rid erg lsb Car

indication of country extent (Pacific only)

undersea features

c

Emperor Seamou

disputed territorial claim border

the wor ld’s oce Ans b

two-thirds of the earth’s surface is covered by the oceans. the landscape of the ocean floor, like the surface of the land, has been shaped by movements of the earth’s crust over millions of years to form volcanic mountain ranges, deep trenches, basins and plateaux. ocean currents constantly redistribute warm and cold water around the world. A major warm current, such as el niño in the pacific ocean, can increase surface temperature by up to 10°f (8°c), causing changes in weather patterns which can lead to both droughts and flooding.

s Per G u

INDIAN OCEAN

disputed de facto border

A

The world’s oceans

n

lava flow

Andaman Sea

the wor ld

1

rra

sand desert

Golfe de Lion

RT

elevation below sea level (depression depth)

Vatnajökull

sea features

PO

pass

ice features

P

undefined international border

st

volcano

Mekong

a

full international border

h

elevation above sea level (mountain height)

Ton ga Trench

Borders

rivers / canals spring / well / waterhole / oasis / waterfall / rapids / dam

The introductory section of the Atlas deals with every aspect of the planet, from physical structure to human geography, providing an overall picture of the world we live in. Complex topics such as the landscape of the Earth, climate, oceans, population and economic patterns are clearly explained with the aid of maps, diagrams drawn from the latest information.

renc h

below sea level

Lake Geneva

ap an T

sea level

drainage features

The world

Ta iwa nS tra it

international airport

Mount Meru 4556 m

Tr e n ch

100m / 328ft

elevation / volcano / pass

tunnel (rail)

Se a

250m / 820ft

minor line

Se a

500m / 1640ft

Nordkapp

main line

iati c

1000m / 3281ft

ANDES headland

dr

tunnel (road)

ian

2000m / 6562ft

asp

minor road

Namib Desert

Massif Central

Red Sea

3000m / 9843ft

landscape features

ve Plateau

major road

-Laccadi

4000m / 13,124ft

Physical features

Chagos

motorway / highway (under construction)

The atlas is organized by continent, moving eastwards from the International Date Line. The opening section describes the world’s structure, systems and its main features. The Atlas of the World which follows, is a continent-by-continent guide to today’s world, starting with a comprehensive insight into the physical, political and economic structure of each continent, followed by integrated mapping and descriptions of each region or country.

Mozambique Channel

6000m / 19,686ft

Typographic key

ge

motorway / highway

thw

elevation

Communications

ou

Physical features

Rid

Regional

How to use this Atlas

est In dian

Key to maps

Y

cocoa cotton coffee fishing oil palms peanuts rubber shellfish soya beans sugar cane vineyards wheat

16

17

Z

53

Comparative wealth map

INTRODUCTION Temperature

Rainfall Algiers

0

rë

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E AN P L AT

ARABI

White Nile

O C E A N

zam b Ch an ique ne l

Mo

M

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tan at

The evolving landscape

Aquifer exposed near the surface

water migrates up through fault

rainwater feeds the aquifer

2 the Zambezi river (above) drops 360 ft (110 m) over the Victoria falls into a zig-zag gorge. the river has eroded the gorge along lines of weakness in the bedrock, created by fault lines running in two directions. old site of Victoria falls

river plunges over falls

Zig-zag gorge of the Zambezi

River systems: Retreating of the Victoria Falls

13

2 4 4 dunes like this in the namib desert (left) are wind-blown accumulations of sand, which slowly migrate. wind action moves sand up the shallow back slope; when the sand reaches the crest of the dune it is deposited on the slip face.

o

p

q

r

s

Coastal processes

wave energy

3 houtbaai (above), in southern Africa, is constantly being modified by wave action. As waves approach the indented coastline, they reach the shallow water of the headland, slowing down and reducing in length. this causes them to bend or refract, concentrating their erosive force at the headlands.

waves dispersed in the bay refracting

force of waves concentrates on the headland

3

the sea bed is deeper opposite the bay than at the headland

Coastal processes: Erosion of a bay

t

u

V

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16

17

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Ohio

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New Jerse y Delaware

A

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O

C

n

ha

0

10

20

30

40

50

Land use map This shows the different types of land use which characterize the region, as well as indicating the principal agricultural activities.

N

AT

Delaware

rural 17%

60

70

80

90

100

LA

N

4

Land use and agricultural distribution cattle poultry cranberries fishing fodder fruit maple syrup timber

Population density

total land area

major towns

335 people per sq mile (120 people per sq km)

162,258 sq miles (420,232 sq km)

pasture cropland forest

5

Map keys Each supporting map has its own key.

6

7

en

obs

Kennebec

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River

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Philadelphia

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o u n t a i n s

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Grid reference The framing grid provides a location reference for each place listed in the Index.

o

9

G u l f

niagara Falls

12

n

o

p

q

cape cod, Long island and the islands between them mark the top of a great terminal moraine, formed at the front of the ice sheet which once covered the land. this ridge of deposited material was subsequently flooded by rising seas.

Dingmans Ferry

 The waterfalls at Dingmans Ferry are typical of those found in villages on the ‘Fallline’, where rivers drop from the Appalachians to the coastal lowlands. These locations provide water power and are often at the navigable head of the river.

the atlantic coastal plain is part of the continental shelf, which extends several hundred miles out to sea, providing a rich environment for marine life.

r

s

t

u

rising sea levels have flooded river valleys along the coast, creating rias such as long island sound.

V

w

x

cape cod

14

m At Provincetown, Cape Cod, complex and powerful ocean currents continue to modify the shoreline, washing away some 3 ft (1 m) of the lower cape each year, while extending the beaches in the north.

16

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%

&%

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(%

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+%

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Population density

Total land area

335 people per sq mile (120 people per sq km)

162,258 sq miles (420,232 sq km)

.%

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13

15

softer rock is eroded more quickly

m The Niagara Falls were created where the Niagara River reached an escarpment capped by hard limestone. This was gradually eroded exposing softer rock strata. Plunging water continues to erode the softer strata causing the falls to recede upstream.

jgWVc-(

11

Lake erie, receiving water flowing from the rest of the great lakes, drains via the niagara falls, into lake ontario, which lies 325 ft (99 m) below.

river fed by water from the great lakes

resistant rock

force of water continues to undercut cliffs

The urban/rural population divide

10

Southampton

nt

nn

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New York

Harrisburg

C

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Massachusetts Bay

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Scale 1:2,750,000

N

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North Amherst Amherst

Holyoke Great Barrington Chicopee

Mount Frissell 725m

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17

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19

Urban/rural population divide The proportion of people in the region who live in urban and rural areas, as well as the overall population density and land area are clearly shown in these simple graphics.

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The urban/rural population divide

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Neversink River

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Brewer Hampden

New Hamp shi re Massa chusetts

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Binghamton

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Oxford

q iv e r en Sidney us Walton Johnson City Cannonsville Reservoir

S

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Pittsfield

Bangor

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12

Philadelphia

ck R

v

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Old Town

Sebasticook Lake

Boston

R ho de Island

New York

Harrisburg

Pittsfield Skowhegan Graham Lake Cross Island Bucksport Milbridge Jonesport Old Speck Mountain Groveton Wilton Oakland 1274m Ellsworth Winslow Great Wass Island r Rumford Searsport  Foreign competition and Guildhall Lancaster Blue Hill Rive Livermore Petit Manan Point China Lake g in Lyndonville depletion of stocks in the Falls Bar Harbor Belfast Berlin An dros cog Bethel Moore Augusta Mount Desert Atlantic fishing grounds caused a Reservoir Littleton Island Mount Washington decline in fishing in the seaboard Deer Isle Camden South Paris e 1917m Norway Swans Island it states. Recent years have seen a Gardiner Rockland P W hMount Lafayettes Lewiston Waldoboro gradual recovery; Massachusetts Thomaston Lisbon 1600m i n Auburn Isle au Haut Vinalhaven now annually ranks third or a Pleasant Mountain Woodsville 64 Wiscasset Bridgton n t North Island 612m u fourth in the USA in terms of the Seal Island Conway Mo Sebago Lisbon Matinicus Bath Falls value of fish landed. Conway Island Lake Brunswick Boothbay Ragged Island iv e r Squam North Windham Harbor Lake Lake Westbrook Plymouth Winnipesaukee Gorham Casco Bay Mount Cardigan Lebanon 951m Portland South Portland Meredith Wolfeboro Saco Cape Elizabeth Bristol Km Laconia Alfred 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Sanford Biddeford Kennebunk Northfield Claremont Farmington Rochester Sunapee Lake 40 80 90 100 30 60 70 0 5 10 50 20 Miles Somersworth projection: Lambert Conformal Conic York Harbor Concord Charlestown Dover Henniker Suncook Kittery Hillsboro Newmarket Portsmouth Goffstown Exeter Hampton Manchester Keene  The islands, inlets and Peterborough Amesbury Milford Newburyport promontories of Maine’s Haverhill Jaffrey coast extend 3500 miles Methuen Plum Island Nashua Winchester the marshy lowlands of the Atlantic coastal plain dwindle i (5630 km). The tidal range is Cape Ann Winchendon Lowell v e r Lawrence towards the north, giving way to the rocky coast of maine. particularly high, varying Gloucester Athol Danvers Fitchburg Leominster Salem Beverly between 12 and 24 ft Quabbin uplifted over 400 million years ago, the Appalachian Woburn Lynn Reservoir (3.7–7.3 m). Medford Clinton Malden mountains have since been carved into several discrete Logan International Barre Hudson Cambridge Boston Newton ranges by the region’s main rivers and heavily denuded by Quincy Worcester Framingham Dedham Weymouth successive glacial advances. this broad upland belt, with the Stoughton Randolph Marshfield Auburn Palmer Race Provincetown Whitinsville younger Adirondack mountains, is bounded by the great Brockton Point Stafford Southbridge Mansfield Bridgewater Kingston Woonsocket lakes in the northwest. Springs Plymouth Attleboro Cape Cod Cape Cod Taunton Putnam Greenville Pawtucket Orleans Bay the lower connecticut river has Storrs Providence Providence East Bay Buzzards Cranston cut down into the flat, clay valley Danielson Somerset the narrow Finger Lakes of the adirondack mountains Barnstable Nauset Beach Moosup Fall River floor, which previously formed the Warwick northwestern new york state were formed when the deeply South Yarmouth Fairhaven City bed of an ice-dammed lake. Jewett Tiverton New Bedford Hyannis were formed by glaciers cutting buried basement rocks were Island East Falmouth Monomoy Colchester y Rhode into deep deposits of material forced upwards in a dome by Norwich Ba Falmouth s Island d Nantucket from an earlier ice advance. as much as 2 miles (3 km). Kingston Newport zzar Great Point Sound Bu Oak Bluffs New London Green Edgartown ound Westerly S Island Deposits of glacial Rhode the Genesee river in new york Groton nd Martha's mountains Isla Niantic till from the last ice state has eroded a canyon Sound Vineyard Nantucket Nantucket ck Fishers Island Blo Age are up to 1000 ft 800 ft (240 m) deep through Island Island Block Gardiners (300 m) deep around the Appalachians. the river Southold Island Montauk Point lake ontario. continued to cut downwards as Montauk the land was uplifted. Sag Harbor r r ima

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Saddleback Mountain 1255m Madison

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oo

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r

Horseheads

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1265m

Sugarloaf Mountain

Rangeley 1291m

Mooselookmeguntic Lake Farmington

Massa Mas s a chu chusett setts

C on ne c t ic ut

Pen nsy lvania

Pittsburgh

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2

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NEW HAMPSHIRE

oo ski R i Camels Hump 1244m v e r

Mount Marcy Bristol 1629m Mount Moosalamoo 799m

s on

Watkins Glen

Corning

h

Sharon

32

H Indian Lake

a

South Burlington

Elizabethtown

Lake

Reservoir Old Forge

Milton

Mount Mansfield 1339m

Burlington

Vanderwhacker Mountain 1032m

ud

s k e L a Ithaca

n

R

Whiteface Mountain 1483m

Lake Placid

O t te r

Blue Mountain Stillwater Raquette 1146m ve r

Ad

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Alfred Belmont

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Philadelphia Cranberry Lake

Watertown

Sa

Canaan Windsor Locks Sayre Slide Mountain Hancock 1274m Kingston Winsted Amenia Montrose Windsor Mansfield D e l aw n eg Meadville Wellsboro Torrington Hartford Liberty a Towanda h Hyde Park Elk Hill Mount Jewett e n y R i v e Kane Pymatuning New Paltz Galeton West Hartford East Blossburg Titusville Wyalusing 821m Reservoir Wilcox us Bristol Red Oaks Mill Ellenville eek Hartford qu Cr Monticello kCanton Tionesta Cr ehaFactoryville New Britain Emporium Lake Wappingers Falls Carbondale Walden ta ee Marienville Johnsonburg nn k Oil City Ti o n e s ee Wilhelm Lake Waterbury Meriden aR Orange Lake Cr ek i ve Clarks Summit Ralston Franklin Candlewood Cre Dushore ttle ck r Ridgway Ke ive r Middletown Newburgh Beacon l so Dunmore r i on R Goshen ya Cla Renovo Carmel Laporte Taylor Knox Port Jervis Hamden Lo h North Scranton ek oni Clarion Brockway Danbury Shelton Swoyersville h High Point Haven Jersey Williamsport qu e Peekskill Weedville n g Brookville New Haven p 550m Monroe Milford Shore us East Du Bois Ridgefield West Haven Warwick Haven Nanticoke Muncy B ea Karthaus Dingmans Ferry ve r Milford Sussex Mount Kisco Wilkes Barre a New Castle ve r Lock Haven New City k C Reynoldsville Clearfield Montgomery Br Bridgeport Lake Ossining Ringwood Re d b an st e ek Berwick Norwalk Spring Valley Newton Milton Punxsutawney Curwensville Arthur We S o un d Cr Grassflat East Stroudsburg Ellwood City Butler iv e Stamford IslandMattituck Wanaque g le Lewisburg r Bloomsburg Freeland Ea Beaver Falls la Mifflinburg Wayne Mahoning Stroudsburg Yonkers White Plains Long ld Sound Beach Danville DeHopatcong Bellefonte Ba New Rochelle New Brighton Paterson Sunbury KittanningCreek Lake Jim Thorpe Bangor Smithtown State College Hackensack r Selinsgrove Beaver Dover e Shamokin Lehighton Dixonville Morristown Clifton Tyrone Natrona Heights Aliquippa Ambridge New York n Belvidere Bernardsville i Easton Brentwood Mastic La Guardia Indiana New Pottsville a Kensington Coraopolis Etna Phillipsburg t Jersey City Levittown Penn Newark u n Pittsburgh Hills Somerville Ebensburg Mifflintown Fire Island o Allentown John F Kennedy Plainfield Bethlehem Altoona Huntingdon Blairsville iver Millersburg M R Monroeville a Lykens Mount Lebanon t Flemington Edison Staten Island Long Beach New Portage Hollidaysburg ni a u e Mckeesport Fleetwood Emmaus Bethel Park Bloomfield Ju New Brunswick Sayreville Sandy Hook Latrobe Johnstown B l Laureldale Quakertown n Hazlet Linglestown Lebanon Kendall Park Mount Union Monongahela Clairton Greensburg Westmont Princeton Reading Doylestown Harrisburg Middletown Raystown Washington Monessen Mount Palmyra Lambertville Pleasant Hershey Shillington Lake Windber Long Branch Pottstown Freehold New Cumberland Lansdale California Trenton Middletown Ephrata Asbury Park Scottdale Spring City Warminster Carlisle Lititz Elizabethtown i Neptune Norristown New Holland Shippensburg iv og h e Phoenixville Everett Levittown Lakewood er n Waynesburg Columbia Lancaster Bedford Point Pleasant Abington Willingboro Berlin Coatesville Philadelphia Silverton Uniontown Mount Holly Chambersburg McConnellsburg Toms River Camden Masontown Browns Mount Morris Upper York West Chester Point Marion Cherry Hill Mills Seaside Heights Darby Mount Davis Red Lion Hyndman Kennett Square Chester Tu Gettysburg 979m Greencastle Island Hanover Oxford Philadelphia Beach New Freedom Mu Lindenwold Penns Grove l li Barnegat Pitman n Carneys Point Pi r Glassboro Manahawkin ar Pennsville Elmer Surf City r B Salem Buena Egg Harbor City Long Beach Vineland Island Mays Landing Bridgeton 64 Millville Brigantine Pleasantville Atlantic City Somers Point Ventnor City Port Norris Ocean City 22 Woodbine Delaware Cape May Court House Bay Villas Avalon North Wildwood North Cape May Cape May Cape May m b c d e f g h l Oi

ve

Mayville Little Valley Chautauqua Lake Salamanca Jamestown Lakewood Allegheny Olean Reservoir Bradford Union City Warren

North East Presque Isle

s

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Moose River Salmon River Rutland Woodstock Reservoir Whitehall Lake Poultney Boonville Pleasant Wallingford Lake George Camden Ludlow Springfield Glens Falls Hinckley Reservoir Oneida Lake Erie Rome Northville Manchester Canal Whitesboro Stratton Saratoga Oneida Little Great Sacandaga Mountain Schuylerville Springs Lake Falls Utica Ilion 1200m Syracuse Wampsville Putney Gloversville Manlius Auburn Mount Fonda Amsterdam Richfield Waterville M H Snow Waterloo East Mechanicville Springs 1084m ha r Glenville Geneva w k R i ve Schenectady Bennington Rotterdam Cohoes er Williamstown Latham Troy Cobleskill Cayuga Homer North Turners Schoharie Cooperstown Albany Adams Delmar Lake Falls Cortland Mount Greylock ek Seneca Rensselaer 1063m Greenfield Lake Norwich Ravena Oneonta

Sodus Hilton Fulton Point Greece Webster Albion Rochester Spencerport Baldwinsville East Rochester North Syracuse Fairport Lyons Palmyra Fairmount Newark Le Roy

G

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Carry Falls Reservoir Saranac Lake

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Potsdam

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Gouverneur Alexandria Bay

Bl a

Medina l Er ie Cana

Tonawanda Batavia

Kenmore

Erie

nds

Ninemile Point Pulaski Oswego Mexico

Newfane

Lewiston

Niagara Falls Lockport

Canandaigua Buffalo Lancaster Attica Avon Lackawanna Geneseo Canandaigua East Aurora Orchard Park Warsaw Lake Mount Morris Lake Erie Beach Hamburg Perry Penn Yan Silver Creek C at Dansville Keuka Dunkirk ar Arcade au g u s Cre ek Lake Springville Fredonia Gowanda Westfield

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Sackets Harbor Galloo Island Stony Point

Niagara Falls

10

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major towns chemicals international airports coal major roads defence major industrial area electronics engineering finance hi-tech industry iron & steel pharmaceuticals printing & publishing research & development textiles timber processing

S

Ogdensburg

14

t

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E

Aziscohos Lake

La

Vanceboro Mattawamkeag West Grand Lake

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i

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Danforth

Millinocket Pe n ob s cot Ri v

White Cap Mountain 1111m

ch

O

Greenville

Brownville Junction a s a n t R i v e r Milo Sebec Lake Flagstaff Lake Guildford Bigelow Mountain

Ma

C

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Pemadumcook Lake

Big Squaw Mountain 974m

Coburn Mountain 1133m

Ver mont

Albany

Rochester Buffalo

y

Rochester Buffalo

Mattawamkeag Lake Chiputneticook Sherman Mills Lakes

e

TI

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Gore Mountain

1015m Colebrook Newport Blue Mountain Island Pond 998m Barton

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Patten

Mount Katahdin 1605m

x

D

N

Missisquoi Richford Bay Enosburg North Hero Falls Saint Albans Dannemora Plattsburgh L a Lyon Mountain moille R i v e r Johnson 1167m Champlain

Sa

Malone

517m

Houlton

Mount Chase 744m

S a i nt Cr o i x Riv

LA

Lake Memphremagog

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Jackman

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Tumbledown Mountain 1080m

Mars Hill

Chamberlain Lake

Moosehead Millinocket Lake Lake

Boundary Bald Mountain 1109m

hi a s River

ok o o s to Saddleback Mountain

Churchill Lake Eagle Lake

Seboomook Chesuncook Lake Lake

14

sea level

ac

e Pl

New Jerse y

D elaware

100m / 328ft

Limestone Caribou Washburn Fort Fairfield Presque Isle

Squa Pan Mountain Ashland 451m

er

nd

250m / 820ft

R ive r

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2108 miles (3389 km)

Sa

Harrisburg

Philadelphia

Mar

500m / 1640ft

4813 miles (7700 km)

12,872 miles (20,592 km)

iv e r

Pittsburgh

Major industry and infrastructure

1000m / 3281ft

340,090 miles (544,144 km)

New York’s commercial success is tied historically to its transport connections. The Erie Canal, completed in 1825, opened up the Great Lakes and the interior to New York’s markets and carried a stream of immigrants into the Midwest.

centres of commerce and corporate administration, dominating the regional economy. research and development facilities Albany Rochester support an expanding electronics and Buffalo Massa chusetts New York communications sector throughout the region. Boston C on ne c t ic ut pharmaceutical and chemical industries are Hartford Providence Pen nsy lvania R ho de Island New York important in new jersey and pennsylvania. New Hamp shi re

7

Elevation

The transport network

the principal seaboard cities grew up on trade and manufacturing. they are now global

Mai ne

below 10,000

Eagle Lake

Fish River Lake

w

A

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A

I

m The Hancock Tower dominates the skyline of Boston’s business district. New England’s principal city has grown through land reclamation within Massachusetts Bay.

V

pennsylvania has a large rural population and a major agribusiness sector dominated by livestock-raising. fruit, vegetables and nursery plants are grown throughout the region, with Mai ne fishing on the coast. cranberries and maple syrup A NA D are traditional products in new england. CA Ver mont large areas of cropland in the north were returned to forest in New York New the 20th century. Albany Hamp shi re

N C A

N

m Chelsea in Vermont, surrounded by trees in their fall foliage. Tourism and agriculture dominate the economy of this self-consciously rural state, where no town exceeds 40,000 people.

Portland

oR

ite

in C

50,000 to 100,000

Van Buren

Dickey ve r

100,000 to 500,000

u

nt Jo Long hn R Fort Lake Kent

r ive

1 million to 5 million

Ver mont

We s t Virg inia

t

Sai

Madawaska

Beau Lake

500,000 to 1 million

10,000 to 50,000

A

NA D

New York

n o r t h a m e r i c a : u s A – n o r t h e A s t e r n s tAt e s

p

M

A D A A N

Syracuse

6

o

i

C

n

m

above 5 million

the indented coast and vast woodlands of the northeastern states were the original core area for european expansion. the rustic character of new england prevails after 400 years, while the great cities of the Atlantic seaboard have formed an almost continuous urban region. over 20 million immigrants entered new york from 1855 to 1924 and the northeast became the industrial centre of the usA. After the decline of mining and heavy manufacturing, economic dynamism has been restored with the growth of hi-tech and service industries.

4

5

l

Population

ch

3

k

Map key

Sac

Wh

p la

j

nR

n

ek Cre

am

MAINE

i

Ma

c

D

h

e S a i nt Cr o i x Riv

g

Mai ne CA

A

f

Landscape evolution map The physical shape of each continent is affected by a variety of forces which continually sculpt and modify the landscape. This map shows the major processes which affect different parts of the continent.

N C A

e

c o n n e c t i c u t , m a i n e , m a s s a c h u s e t t s , n e w h a m p s h i r e , n e w J e r s e y, n e w Yo r k , P e n n s y l v a n i a , r h o d e i s l a n d , V e r m o n t

2

l a a p A p

d

o lm

Wi

O t te r

Ch

oo

Z

r

h

c

er

i

b

e

A

9

c R an

31/5/07 12:43:17 pm

69

Pl

o

r

Landform diagrams The complex formation of many typical landforms is summarized in these easy-to-understand illustrations.

15

Wind erosion

ive

i

pop

rt

north america

8

MASSAC HUSETTS

Massachusetts Bay

Riv e

r

Ta c oni

Groundwater: Replenishment of an oasis

14

escarpment ocean current rift active volcano inselberg oasis river wadi waterfall

build up of sand produces strata inside the dune

I

n

sinking land stable land uplifting land

deposition on the slip face

water collects and floods the dry channel

m

M

ez

m Li

Dese

N

1

VERMONT

Groundwater trapped between impermeable strata

12

fault and joint lines running in two directions

Aquifer exposed near the surface

Water migrates up through fault

Rainwater feeds the aquifer

11

Lake Turkana (Lake Rudolf)

y

bez

mib

C A

July Wi nd s

River systems

groundwater trapped between impermeable strata

Juba

le G r e a t R i f t Va l

Z am

Na

Kalahari Basin

tan

9

10

5

Ephemeral channels: Flash flooding of a wadi

l

k

at

oo

b

oo

1 oases are found in desert areas such as the sahara (left). groundwater migrates through permeable rock strata, confined between two impermeable layers. oases form either when the permeable rocks come near to the surface, or at a fault line, when water is able to seep up to the surface through the crushed rocks at the fault.

Groundwater: Replenishment of an oasis

heavy rainfall runs off mountains

D j

8

Groundwater

joints or cracks caused by expansion and contraction

Wind erosion: Migration of a dune

5 wadis (above) drain much of northern Africa. these drybed courses are flooded only after infrequent, but intense, storms in the uplands cause water to surge along their channels.

g

er sb

en c

7

daily hours of sunshine, January daily hours of sunshine, July

Sai nt M d w k Jo Beau Long hn R Fo Lake e Main physical map Photographs K n Lak Lake V n Bu n Detailed satellite data has been A wide range of Victoria D k AFRICA-PIECES-SOURCE.indd 70 31/5/07 12:42:35 pm used to create an accurate rand photographs k L beautiful ve the E visually striking picture of bring the world’s Kilimanjaro on m L 5895m surface of the continent. regions to life. C bou o Seychelles Fish River ng B W hbu n Co Lake d Fo F Pemba Island B Lake P qu Tanganyika Squa Pan Mountain Zanzibar A h nd 451m Key to transport symbols ac M H i a s River Extent of national paved road hnetwork. Extent of motorways, freeways oor o ok leback Mountain o s tmajor Sadd 517m national highways. Churchill Lake Lakenetwork. e rail Extent of commercial Eagl Bié Lake Lake Extent of inland waterways navigable by Chamberlain Plateau Nyasa commercial craft. Hou on Comoro Mount Chase Islands 744mTransport network nd F 70 The transport network AFRICA-PIECES-SOURCE.indd extent of the transport ok Zamb n differing mook Chesunco amkeag P The taw Seboo Mat 340,090 miles 4813 miles din network fore each region is shown Lake (7700 km) Mount Katah (544,144 km) Lake Lak 1605m putneticook Chiabout n M key facts i h m with here, along World locator 12,872 miles 2108 miles Lakes inocket Moosehead Mill (20,592 km) (3389 km) the transport system. Lake This locates the Lake D no h k The main body of the Atlas is a unique no ain M Mount Bald ary continent in which Bound Locator New York’s commercial success is cook Regional Okavango Pemadum tied The Pe 1109m historically to its transport connections. n ob s co Lake the region is found n bo o V map This small map shows km n regionalDelta map set, with detailed t Ri Key to main Erie Canal, completed in 1825, opened up the v tain Mauritius Cap Mountain Squaw on a small world map. Big w mk Great LakesMoun and the interior toWhite New York’s M A key the location of each to the population information on the terrain, the human markets974m and carried a stream 1111m of immigrants G n country inMrelation Westland heights oose Rive r symbols and into the Midwest. Réunion Grand Coburn Mountain geography of the region and its to its continent. the main map. L n o n accompanies 1133m Lake Tumbledown Kalahar i un on a s a n t R i v e r B own in Mounta r o M infrastructure. Around the edge of the od nd Lake c Wo Sebe 1080m Lake aff Flagst C D ese r t Gu d o d Big Bay map, additional ‘at-a-glance’ maps, give Bigelow Mountain Aziscohos Lake 1265m el of Using the land and sea Lake on n an instant picture ofLake regionalgogindustry,n n e c m h n B USA: NortheASterN StAteS Fundy E po Memphrema M od Co Orange River Sugarloaf Mountain O d Town a land use and agriculture. The detailed n L R ok 1291m stico Seba Gore Mountain Missisquoi Lake Lub Lead Mountain Ch mp n Saddleback Mountain a s Gardner Lake R hod 466m 1015m Co b ook Bay B ngo Rive r 1255m terrain map (shown Ninwpo perspective), M d on Eno bu Blue Mountain w untic B ookmeg Moosel No h H o M h nd Pond d F 998m P kowh n H mpd n Lake focuses features Graham Lake kphysical n the main n A b on B on transport and industry ra F m n on nn Cross Island gh L a m c mo P bu of a K r o t e o a D po l k e l Bu the and is enhanced by GRr o iregion, ohn on onA po M b d Old Speck Mountain iver Nh nd on k o G O e on W 1274m v i Lake A EC wo W n ow A M on Great Wass Island r Rum o d annotated illustrations, andcGu dh Se po MAINE i D Blue Hill Rive h A mo L n L mplainCape ofMount Mansfield c Petit Manan Point a Lake g in 1339m N Chin ndon L l a g Good Hope bor F Har a on o ng Bar photographs of the physical structure.Berlin Androsc Bethel Bu Belfast p A hiteface A p Moore Augu Mount Desert South ountain Reservoir Littleton Burlington o o s k i R Island Mount Washington 83m i v Isle r Dee e 1244m Camden South Paris e 1917m Placid Camels Hump Mon p r ns Island e Norway Swa it n t a r iner L a k e O Gard i o h Rockland A in PVERMONT W Mount Lafayette a L w on Waldoboro M Thomaston NEW au Haut thtown Vergennes Lisbon 1600m i n s Barre Auburn Isle Vinalhaven HAMPSHIRE a Pleasant Mountain unt Marcy Woodsville t asset Bristol Wisc Bridgton 9m Mai ne u n Island 612m North A D A the landscape A N a n Seal Island Conway Mo Matinicus N EBW Y eSebago Lisbo Mount Moosalamoo Chelsea C hO R Kn t Eri Falls Ver mont Lake d Conway 799m Islan Lake Portland u Brunswicko Boot d Islan ed acker Mountain hbay New Ragg S T T E S U H C MASSA iv e r Hamp shi re Syracuse M Squam North Windham Harbor Albany Schroon n Lake Lake Rochester Westbrook a Buffalo Massa chusetts Lake m Gorha Plymouth New York Winnipesaukee C a s ic o B a y BostonMount Cardigan Lake CONNECT ICUT C on ne c t ic ut Lebanon Po and South Portland Hartford Meredith 951m Providence George Pen nsy lvania Wolfeboro R ho de Island New York Elizabeth Cape Ru nd Woodstock Saco Bristol L on Alfred Pittsburgh A N Harrisburg E C E Whitehall PENNSYLVAN31/5/07 Poultney IA New Jerse y 12:41:47 pm C O Sanford Biddeford O Philadelphia C C I I We s t T Kennebunk Wallingford Ma Northfield N Claremont T Virg inia ge NEW Ludlow r y l a n d D elaware L A Sunapee Lake Farmington Rochester AT Springfield alls sworth JERSEY Somer W E ST V I RG I NIA INIA IRG r MARYLAND YorkWEHarbo ST V Con o d Charlestown Dover Manchester Transport and industry map Henniker Stratton Suncook Kittery Mountain Hillsboro The main industrial areas are mapped, and the Schuylerville Newmarket 1200m Portsmouth n Goffstow most important industrial and economic activities Putney Exeter Hampton M n h Mount Keene of the region are shown. Snow chanicville H Peterborough Amesbury 1084m Milford Newburyport henec ady Bennington Haverhill Jaffrey Continuation symbols Landscape map Cohoes er Methuen Plum Island Na hua Winchester Williamstown These symbols indicate The computer-generated terrain model am T oy i Cape Ann North Turners Winchendon Low v e r L w n A bany where adjacent maps can accurately portrays an oblique view of the Adams Falls s Gloucester Athol Danver Fitchburg Mount Greylock be found. landscape. Annotations highlight the most aer Leominster S m Beverly 1063m G n d Quabbin Woburn Lynn important geographic features of the region. Reservoir ed P d o d M Clinton M d n North Amherst Logan International Barre Hudson Camb dge Amherst Main regional map Bos on N w on A wealth of information is Qu n y er F m ngh m D dh m W ymou h Worces displayed on the main map, Holyoke Great Stoughton Randolph Marshfield Auburn building up a rich portrait Barrington Ch op Provincetown Palmer ille Race Whitinsv Mount of the interaction between B o k on e Mansfield Bridge Untitled-1 1 6/6/07 3:49:34 pm Southbridg Frissell 725mSpr ng e d water Kingston Point Stafford the physical landscape and the Woonsocket Springs Plymouth Attleboro Cod Canaan Windsor Locks Cape Cape Cod T un on human and political geography of Putnam Greenville Winsted ns region. The key to the regional Amenia P wu k Orlea Windsor Bay each Storrs Prov dence E P ov d n To ng on Har ord Buzzards Bay C n on Danielson Somerset de Park maps be found on page viii. Beach table Nauset can Barns od E W H Moosup F Rv W w k South Yarmouth Fairhaven B o d Oaks Mill od H Jewett City nis Tiverton N w B d o d Hyan Island n N wB ppingers Falls East Falmouth Monomoy Colchester Rhode ay Lake Wa e bu y M d n Norwich Falmouth sB Island ndlewood d cket r Nantu Kingston Newport zza con Great Point Sound Bu Oak Bluffs mel N w London H md n North Edgartown ound Westerly S D nbu y Shelton Haven Island Rhode Groton nd Martha's kskill New Haven cket Isla Niantic East Sound k Vineyard Nantu Nantucket idgefield W H v n Haven lo c Island Fishers B Island Milford Mount Kisco Block Island

Regional mapping

m

b

m

Jul yW in

July Wi nd s

200–300 mm (8–12 in) 300–400 mm (12–16 in) 400–500 mm (16–20 in) more than 500 mm (20 in)

cold wind

external stresses act on the surface of the inselberg

Réunion

N

I

ak

Cape of Good Hope

6

arid humid equatorial mediterranean semi-arid tropical warm humid

Landscape

o

Dr

Ka Great roo

f

N

i

ad ag as ca r

U

LA

AT

W hit e V o lt a

t

a t R i f t Va l l e y Gre

ez

c

e

Cape Town

Tropic of Capricorn

6

Ephemeral channels

Maputo

Durban

Maputo

hot wind

sand is gradually blown up the back slope

Mauritius

A

g

NT

Er

Të

y

bez

rt

Orange River

200 Miles

0–25 mm (0–1 in) 25–50 mm (1–2 in) 50–100 mm (2–4 in) 100–200 mm (4–8 in)

e li

le Comoro Islands

Zamb

i

200 Km

100

68

Lake Nyasa

Z am

Dese

100

Windhoek

Average July rainfall

Seychelles

B

Tropic of Capricorn

Tshwane/Pretoria 5

Antananarivo

1

Pemba Island Zanzibar

Windhoek

Tropic of Capricorn

4

Pemba

Harare

Weathering

Kilimanjaro 5895m

Lake Tanganyika

Kalahar i D es e r t

Mombassa Dar es Salaam

Climate

6 inselbergs (above), found extensively across west Africa, are exposed remnants of an extensive upland area. erosion of the surrounding uplands leaves a resistant rock outcrop. its spheroidal shape is the result of ‘onion-skin’ weathering – the exfoliating of layers – due to repeated expansion and contraction.

Juba

B

eb

Antananarivo

Equator

Nairobi Kinshasa

Luanda

Lusaka

Weathering: Formation of an inselberg

Lake Turkana (Lake Rudolf)

Kalahari Basin

c

eb

d

Lake Victoria

Okavango Delta

mib

drakensberg

Na

A N O C E

0

E AT E PL AT N PL IA AB AN C AR RI AF

o

I C

0

A

ng

T

Sh

c

Lake Albert

Bié Plateau

e li

b

a

Co

I

en of Ad Gulf Horn of Africa

A

AFRICA-PIECES-SOURCE.indd 70

Cross-section through southern Africa showing the boundary of the Great Escarpment.

Sh

C ongo

Congo B a sin

N

16

bangi

Cameroon Mountain 4070m

São Tomé

Harare

Durban

exfoliated layers

en of Ad Gulf Horn of Africa

Lake Tana

Pemba

Kisangani

Libreville

African landscapes are shaped by the intensity of climatic extremes and by tectonic action. high aridity, wind action and infrequent but heavy rainstorms, lead to the migration of sand dunes and dramatic flash flooding across much of the north and west. in the wetter areas, high precipitation increases the rate of weathering. to the east, the rift system has created a volcanic and lake environment and allowed rivers to erode weaknesses left in the crustal structure by faults.

Ethiopian Highlands

Sudd

G r e a t R i f t Va l

le Ni

uplift of the basement rock created a raised plateau

boundary of the great escarpment

s if a s go M B on s de

Luanda

3

Rainfall

S

Niger Delta

Gulf of Guinea

L

the great escarpment marks the southern boundary of Africa’s basement rock and includes the drakensberg range. it was uplifted when gondwanaland fragmented about 160 million years ago and it has gradually been eroded back from the coast. to the north, the relief drops steadily, forming the kalahari basin. in the far south are the fold mountains of the great karoo.

kalahari basin, covered with the sandy plains of the kalahari desert

wa ma ds da an A ighl H

le Ni

Slave Coast Bight of Benin

s

e

Dar es Salaam

Mogadishu

Tshwane/Pretoria

Average January rainfall

Blue

Gold Coa

Southern Africa

Ethiopian Highlands

Nile

A

Benu

13

A

Lake Chad

Niger

Lake Volta

A T

Lake Tana

Nubian Desert

a

Mombassa

Kinshasa

Lusaka

b Ha

Bangui

Douala Bata

Shaping the continent

Lake Nasser

Se

Massif de l'Aïr

Niger

r

Tibesti

t er es

a

D

y Coast Ivor

b Ha Wau

Lagos

Abidjan

Equator

Nairobi

Djibouti

r Ha

20° s tropic of capricorn

m The hot, equatorial basin of the Congo river receives over 48 inches (1200 mm) of rainfall per year.

Mogadishu

Kisangani

Libreville

2

Khartoum

Abéché

Niamey

b Ha

Bangui

Douala Bata

Equator

Port Sudan

an

Ouagadougou

ds

Cape Town

A

ar

Djibouti

Lagos

Abidjan

Z

equator

below sea level

d

ag g

h

a h e l

E st

at t

Tropic of Capricorn

sea level

n

Ah

ya

S

m Har

Bamako Conakry

Rainfall

line of cross-section

250m / 820ft

ds

b Ha Wau

1

Bilma

Nouakchott Dakar

Khartoum

Abéché

Niamey

r Ha

Tropic of Cancer

Average July temperature

uncertain

500m / 1640ft

an

Ouagadougou

Tamanrasset

tropic of cancer 20° n

conservative

100m / 328ft

Re

h

Nile Delta

t ser De

ec

Average January temperature

destructive

rn ste e Nil

Qattara Depression W Gr ea D este tS es r n an ert dS e

y

0 to 10°C (32 to 50°F) 10 to 20°C (50 to 68°F) 20 to 30°C (68 to 86°F) above 30°C (86°F)

constructive

1000m / 3281ft

of Sirte

at t

Temperature

Plate margins

2000m / 6562ft

ib

r

E Gr ain Co a

a t R i f t Va l l e y

Chott el Jerid

g Er l ta

d an Gr r i e n O

l

AT

AT

PL

PL

N

ge Ni

A

c

Congo B a sin

m Har

Bamako Conakry

Cairo

Tropic of Cancer

Equator

(for explanation see page xiv)

5000m / 16,405ft 4000m / 13,124ft

i t AN PLA OLI TE AT e r AN r a A N P L AT E RIC n e a AF n S e a Gulf

L

h g C

Taoude nni B a sin

12

17

ains

a

S e ne ga

14

Albert

Dakar

Port Sudan

Bilma

physicAl Afr icA

Marrakech

20° s tropic of capricorn

100 Miles

50

Ea

I

Casablanca

Temperature

50 100 Km

0

Elevation 800

600

a

N

CA

Cape Verde Islands

M e d

rg dE G r a n e nt a l d Occi

S

s

the climates of Africa range from mediterranean to arid, dry savannah and humid equatorial. in east Africa, where snow settles at the summit of volcanoes such as kilimanjaro, climate is also modified by altitude. the winds of the sahara export millions of tonnes of dust a year both northwards and eastwards.

m Savannah grasslands run in a belt across Africa; limited rainfall inhibits tree growth.

Map key

800

400

200

0

3000m / 9843ft

îdi gu

Er

IA

RI

AB

IC

8

600

400

200

projection: Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area

unt

o s M

la

At

A

AR

CE

O

r

Climate

Tropic of Cancer

Tamanrasset Nouakchott

Jul yW in Km

Mi t

AN

500 Miles

q

p

B

Scale 1:36,000,000

E U R A S I A N P L AT E A F R I C A N P L AT E

500 Km

250

o

July Wi nd s

n

extensive faulting occurs as rift valley pulls apart

lake Victoria

Cross-section through eastern Africa showing the two arms of the Great Rift Valley and its interior plateau.

Miles

11

Blue

White Nile

m

B

0

I 250

0

AF

Nile

U

l

equator

A

0

7

9

A

Detailed cross-sections through selected parts of the continent show the underlying geomorphic structure. Lake C ongo

rift valley lakes, like lake tanganyika, lie along fault lines

lake chad lies in a sandfilled basin

Section across northern Africa showing infilled basins and uplifted plateaux.

a

t er es

untain

k

tropic of cancer 20° n

A

Lake Chad lies in a sandfilled basin

angi bCross-sections

j

the great rift Valley is the most striking feature of this region, running for 4475 miles (7200 km) from lake nyasa to the red sea. north of lake nyasa it splits into two arms and encloses an interior plateau which contains lake Victoria. A number of elongated lakes and volcanoes lie along the fault lines. to the west lies the congo basin, a vast, shallow depression, which rises to form an almost circular rim of highlands.

umb a R ang e

Volcanic Ahaggar mountains, formed by rising magma from a hot spot

S

Se

D

s

Tropic of Cancer

July Wi nd s

E

AN P L AT

ARABI

the earth’s crust has been warped to form the taoudenni basin

Sudd

'*%

i

East Africa

6

*%%@b

if s*%%B^aZh a s go M B on s e d

%

h

in Khams

A 5

15

'*%

g

Northern Africa

Section across northern Africa showing infilled basins and uplifted plateaux. %

f

northern Africa comprises a system of basins and plateaux. the tibesti and Ahaggar are volcanic uplands, whose uplift has been matched by subsidence within large surrounding basins. many of the basins have been infilled with sand and gravel, creating the vast saharan lands. the Atlas mountains in the north were formed by convergence of the African and eurasian plates.

4

d

n

a

A

e

in Khams

d

Cairo

i Ghibl

c

i Ghibl

3

Re

ya

Lake Chad

Volcanic Ahaggar mountains, formed by rising magma from a hot spot

Average January rainfall

Sirocco

b

the structure of Africa was dramatically influenced by the break up of the supercontinent gondwanaland about 160 million years ago and, more recently, rifting and hot spot activity. today, much of Africa is remote from active plate boundaries and comprises a series of extensive plateaux and deep basins, which influence the drainage patterns of major rivers. the relief rises to the east, where volcanic uplands and vast lakes mark the great rift Valley. in the far north and south sedimentary rocks have been folded to form the Atlas mountains and the great karoo.

10

The Earth’s crust has been warped to form the Taoudenni Basin

Average January temperature

Physical Africa

1

t ser De

ib

Nubian Desert

a

20° S Tropic of Capricorn

Algiers

A

rn ste Ea l e Ni

a

L

r

20° S Tropic of Capricorn

Climate map Climatic regions vary across each continent. The map displays the differing climatic regions, as well as daily hours of sunshine at selected weather stations.

AfricA

Delta and continue to shapeNile the landscape, Qattara are explained in the continental physical Depression W spread.GrCross-sections, illustrations and ea D este tS es r n an ert terrain mapsd Shighlight the different e parts of the continent, showing how nature’s forces have produced the Lake Nasser landscapes we see today.

Tibesti

Equator

Marrakech

Sirocco

of Sirte

Equator

Casablanca

Sirocco

t e E A AN r r A N P L AT a n E RIC F Theeastonishing a n A Svariety of landforms, e a that created Gulf and the dramatic forces L I A N P L AT TO

Tropic of Cancer 20° N

Sirocco

The physical continent

Climate charts Rainfall and temperature charts clearly show the continental patterns of rainfall and temperature.

Tropic of Cancer 20° N

CONNECT ICUT

RHO DE ISLA ND

ix

THE WOR LD A

B

1

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

M

All the Solar System’s planets and dwarf planets orbit the Sun in the same direction and (apart from Pluto) roughly in the same plane. All the orbits have the shapes of ellipses (stretched circles). However in most cases, these ellipses are close to being circular: only Pluto and Eris have very elliptical orbits. Orbital period (the time it takes an object to orbit the Sun) increases with distance from the Sun. The more remote objects not only have further to travel with each orbit, they also move more slowly.

Nine major planets, their satellites and countless minor planets (asteroids) orbit the Sun to form the Solar System. The Sun, our nearest star, creates energy from nuclear reactions deep within its interior, providing all the light and heat which make life on Earth possible. The Earth is unique in the Solar System in that it supports life: its size, gravitational pull and distance from the Sun have all created the optimum conditions for the evolution of life. The planetary images seen here are composites derived from actual spacecraft images (not shown to scale).

3

L

Orbits

The Solar System

2

K

4

5

6

7

8

Ceres (dwarf planet)

9

Mercury

Venus

Earth

Mars

10

The Sun Diameter: 864,948 miles (1,392,000 km) Mass: 1990 million million million million tons

11

The Sun was formed when a swirling cloud of dust and gas contracted, pulling matter into its centre. When the temperature at the centre rose to 1,000,000°C, nuclear fusion – the fusing of hydrogen into helium, creating energy – occurred, releasing a constant stream of heat and light.

12

Jupiter

Solar eclipse

13

A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, casting its shadow on Earth’s surface. During a total eclipse (below), viewers along a strip of Earth’s surface, called the area of totality, see the Sun totally blotted out for a short time, as the umbra (Moon’s full shadow) sweeps over them. Outside this area is a larger one, where the Sun appears only partly obscured, as the penumbra (partial shadow) passes over.

14

15

m Solar flares are sudden bursts of energy from the Sun’s surface. They can be 125,000 miles (200,000 km) long.

The formation of the Solar System

16

A

x

B

C

D

Earth

Sunlight

The cloud of dust and gas thrown out by the Sun during its formation cooled to form the Solar System. The smaller planets nearest the Sun are formed of minerals and metals. The outer planets were formed at lower temperatures, and consist of swirling clouds of gases.

17

Area of totality

Penumbra (partial shadow)

Moon

E

F

Umbra (total shadow)

G

H

I

Area of partial eclipse

J

K

L

M

TH E SO L AR SYSTE M N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

PLANETS

X

Y

Z

1

DWARF PLANETS



MERCURY VENUS

EARTH MARS JUPITER

SATURN URANUS NEPTUNE CERES

PLUTO ERIS

DIAMETER

3029 miles (4875 km)

7521 miles (12,104 km)

7928 miles (12,756 km)

4213 miles (6780 km)

88,846 miles (142,984 km)

74,898 miles (120,536 km)

31,763 miles (51,118 km)

30,775 miles (49,528 km)

590 miles (950 km)

1432 miles (2304 km)

1429-1553 miles (2300-2500 km)

AVERAGE DISTANCE FROM THE SUN

36 mill. miles (57.9 mill. km)

67.2 mill. miles (108.2 mill. km)

93 mill. miles (149.6 mill. km)

141.6 mill. miles (227.9 mill. km)

483.6 mill. miles (778.3 mill. km)

889.8 mill. miles (1431 mill. km)

1788 mill. miles (2877 mill. km)

2795 mill. miles (4498 mill. km)

257 mill. miles (414 mill. km)

3675 mill. miles (5915 mill. km)

6344 mill. miles (10,210 mill. km)

ROTATION PERIOD

58.6 days

243 days

23.93 hours

24.62 hours

9.93 hours

10.65 hours

17.24 hours

16.11 hours

9.1 hours

6.38 days

not known

ORBITAL PERIOD

88 days

224.7 days

365.26 days

687 days

11.86 years

29.37 years

84.1 years

164.9 years

4.6 years

248.6 years

557 years

SURFACE TEMPERATURE

-180°C to 430°C (-292°F to 806°F)

480°C (896°F)

-70°C to 55°C (-94°F to 131°F)

-120°C to 25°C (-184°F to 77 °F)

-110°C (-160°F)

-140°C (-220°F)

-200°C (-320°F)

-200°C (-320°F)

-107°C (-161°F)

-230°C (-380°F)

-243°C (-405°F)

2

3

AVERAGE DISTANCE FROM THE SUN 4 MERCURY

EARTH

VENUS

JUPITER

SATURN

URANUS

NEPTUNE

PLUTO (dwarf planet)

MARS

ERIS (dwarf planet)

CERES (dwarf planet)

SUN 5

0

500

1000

0

1500

500

2000 1000

2500 1500

3000

3500 2000

4000 2500

5000

5500

3000

3500

6000 4000

9500

10,500

mill. km

6000

mill. miles

6

7

8

Eris

(dwarf planet) 9

Pluto

(dwarf planet)

Neptune Uranus

10

Space debris Millions of objects, remnants of planetary formation, circle the Sun in a zone lying between Mars and Jupiter: the asteroid belt. Fragments of asteroids break off to form meteoroids, which can reach the Earth’s surface. Comets, composed of ice and dust, originated outside our Solar System. Their elliptical orbit brings them close to the Sun and into the inner Solar System.

Saturn

11

12

m Meteor Crater in Arizona is 4200 ft (1300 m) wide and 660 ft (200 m) deep. It was formed over 10,000 years ago. 13

Possible and actual meteorite craters Map key Possible impact craters

The Earth’s atmosphere

Meteorite impact craters

During the early stages of the Earth’s formation, ash, lava, carbon dioxide and water vapour were discharged onto the surface of the planet by constant volcanic eruptions. The water formed the oceans, while carbon dioxide entered the atmosphere or was dissolved in the oceans. Clouds, formed of water droplets, reflected some of the Sun’s radiation back into space. The Earth’s temperature stabilized and early life forms began to emerge, converting carbon dioxide into life-giving oxygen.

N

O

P

Q

14

Halley’s Comet

15

Earth’s orbit

m It is thought that the gases that make up the Earth’s atmosphere originated deep within the interior, and were released many millions of years ago during intense volcanic actvity, similar to this eruption at Mount St. Helens.

R

S

T

16

Halley’s orbit

m The orbit of Halley’s Comet brings it close to the Earth every 76 years. It last visited in 1986.

U

V

W

Orbit of Halley’s Comet around the Sun

X

Y

17

Z

xi

THE WOR LD D

E

F

G

H

The physical world

These cross-sections around the Earth, one in the northern hemisphere; one straddling the Equator, reveal the limited areas of land above sea level in comparison with the extent of the sea floor. The greater erosive effects of weathering by wind and water limit the upward elevation of land above sea level, while the deep oceans retain their dramatic mountain and trench profiles.

The Earth’s surface is constantly being transformed: it is uplifted, folded and faulted by tectonic forces; weathered and eroded by wind, water and ice. Sometimes change is dramatic, the spectacular results of earthquakes or floods. More often it is a slow process lasting millions of years. A physical map of the world represents a snapshot of the ever-evolving architecture of the Earth. This terrain map shows the whole surface of the Earth, both above and below the sea.

3

Map key

i r i dt s of a

Ne g r

Golfo Corcovado

A

xii

B

Am

un

dse

n

a Ross Se C

D

E

F

g Er

Ch

ech

ce Ross Ilf She

Amundsen Sea

er

ic

nt

Guinea Basin

St Helena

Strait of Magellan

s

nd

e ure Zon d Fract Falklan South Georgia South San dw ic South S c o t i a S e a Sandwich Islands

Falkl and Island s

ke

ge Pa s s a

U

O

Bellingshausen Sea

J

Gough Island

Argent ine Basin

Gulf of San Jorge

and Byrd L Marie I

Ni g

eg

Tristan da Cunha

Rio de la Plata

Dra

S

Trindade

h Trench

projection: Wagner VII

le

in Pla

Abrolhos Bank

-105m

ia

t i c Ci rc

g

Island

Brazil Basin

Santos Plateau

Tierra del Fuego Cape Horn

Southeast Pacific Basin

ge

o ci sc an

Bahía Blanca Peníns ula Valdé s

o

gon

Ant a rc

2000

gI

s

uîd

Sierra Leone Basin

á

as

Pa t a

Pa

1500

Er

la At i

Rio Grande Rise

p

1000

500

2000

ra n

m

Miles

17

250

1500

1000

500

Da v is

la

Pa ra do

e i s

0

250

rc t

f Gibraltar Strait o

one ure Z n Fract o i s n e c s A Ascension

Noronha

Uruguay

Pa

lo Co

R

0

cif

nt a

Iberian Peninsula

e c Ridg

do Sala

s

Juan Fernandez Islands

c f i c i P a

Km

A ic-

Douro

O CEAN Fernando de

Toca

aguay Par

e

t Atacama Deser

c h Tr e n

Cerro Aconcagua 6959m

Eltanin Fracture Zone

Scale 1:66,000,000

Bay of Biscay

ATLANTIC

Ce ará Pla in

Ilha de Marajó

Planalto de Mato Grosso

Menard Fracture Zone

id ic R

Faroe Is

British Isles

tlanti

i

Lake Titicaca

d

h

a

l e

s t E a

Ro g g e v e e n Basin

16

k ja

Sierra Leone Rise

la

ale

Mag d

e

Chal leng er Fr actu re Z one

Chatham Islands

Str ait

s Mt

zie

ssi pp i

n C

Guiana Basin

S OUTH A M E RICA

s

Chile San Felix B a s i n Island San Ambrosio Island

Gomez

s in

Mid-A

E a s t

yali Uca

Easter Island

ru

M

A

ru Pe

Pitcairn Islands

Southwest Pacific Basin

15

Galapagos Rise

Peru Basin

Tubuai Islands

nch Tre dec ma Ker

14

Bauer Basin

ez Ridge y Gom Sala Sala y

Demerara Plateau

Río Neg ro

Juruá

n

i

s nd Isla

Tropic of Capricorn

Gulf of Guayaquil

ó rañ

s

k Coo

13

s n oOr inoco

asin Putumay A m a z o n B Nap o a z on o Am

Chimborazo 6310m

Ma

e Trench Tonga

a

l

G uiana Hig hlands

Caq uetá

Isl an ds

a dB

Cape Verde Terrace

Cape Verde Islands

ntins

ds

n Penrhyn Basin

a Ll

r Ant il

São Fr

an

y

Marquesas Islands

Tonga

us of Isthm amá Pan

Barr acuda Fracture Z one

s

Isl

OCEAN

Tuam otu

Lesse

ch

Galápagos Islands

Iceland

Canary Basin

Indies

Sea

ira

ne

l Samoa

R i s e

Li

o

12

C ar ibb e an

Colón Ridge

P a c i f i c

P

PACIFIC

Manihiki Plateau

aT re n

e

Jan Mayen

it

al

r ic

y Re

Newfoundland Basin

Sargasso

Bra z

me

n

es

n

dg Ri

Oc ean Azores t ogr aph - A er Frac ture id Zon M e Madeira Atla ntis Fract ure Zon e Canary Is

Bermuda

Sea St ra o as Nares Fl Plain Pu Cuba erto Rico Tr G enc re at e r Hispaniola W e s t An tille s

Mexico Basin Yucatan Peninsu la

Guatemala Basin

Zone acture ton Fr r e p Clip

Phoenix Islands

Gulf of Mexico

Grand Banks of Newfoundland

Nor th Amer ican Basin

Blake Plateau

n

De

n

S t ra

l an Ice Labrador Basin Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone y Re

Newfoundland

Lake Michigan Lake ts Erie O hio Delaware Bay see hi Chesapeake Bay nes c n Te la

a App

l

Revillagigedo Islands

Red River

k ja

es

si Ba

rk ma

Sen

Sie rr M d aM id d l e el Su adre r A

Clipperton Island

Kiritimati

de

Great Plains

Greenland Sea

Gree nland

Labrador Sea

Laurentian Mountains

M

M n ra

sas

120°W

h

ne ture Zo n Frac Clario

9

n S hi e l d

va No tia Sco Cape Cod

na

Hawai‘i

di a

Great

m ha Ba

one Fracture Z Molokai

Johnston Atoll

Arka n

ta r ien dre O S i e r ra Ma d re Ma S i e r r ad e nt al O cc i or ni a Gu l f of C a l i f a L ow e r C alifor ni

one racture Z Murray F

Isl an ds

do

Co lor a

Death Valley -86m

Lake Superior

Miss i

7

Lake Winnipeg

na

an

s

ge as

Great Basin

Francisco Bay

Ca

tchewan Saska

Baffin Bay

Hudson S tr Pénin sule ait d'Ung ava Hudson Bay Belcher Islands

N O R T H Lakes Lake Huron Lake A M E R I C A Ontario

Snake

tR

a

n

R o c k Ri oG y

Co

o Fracture Zone er Fracture Zone Mendocin Pione San

ca

ri sou

150°W

Ellesmere Island

M is

Co

6

Equator

10°S

gh

Fr bia lum

120°W

Hawaiian Islands

Baffin I sl

Xingu

Vancouver Island

below sea level

Ha wa i‘i an

150°W

20°N

Gre at Bea r Lak e Gre at Sla ve Lak e

abas Ath

Rocky Mountains

Cross-section: Northern hemisphere

Queen Elizabeth Islands

Victoria Island

s

Gulf of Alaska

Trench Aleutian

sea level

ount McKin ley (Denali) 6194m

g

100m / 328ft

a

Ma c k e n

sk Ala

B an l an d s uti i a n Is Ale Al e ut

250m / 820ft

Tropic of Cancer

Pacific Ocean

180°

d an

Bering Sea

n asi

ks Range Broo

ge Ran M

Mackenzie

it Bering Stra

N

aj ó

-4000m / -13,124ft

Arctic C ircle

Sea

Gran Cha co

2000m / 6562ft

Beaufort

Chukchi Sea

es

-2000m / -6562ft

IC OC EA

Ta p

3000m / 9843ft

ARCT

de

-250m / -820ft

500m / 1640ft

8

Aleutian Trench

M

Cross-section: Southern hemisphere

Pu

4000m / 13,124ft

1000m / 3281ft 5

L

180°

sea level

as

4

K

60°N

Sea depth

6000m / 19,686ft

o u er C o a s t M t s n t a i n

Elevation

Ri d

2

J

The world in section

Na z c a

1

I

Rid e g

C

nH i

B

ilia

A

T

Ant arc tic Pen insu la

ge ica Rid tarct -An

N

R

E

H

a eric Am

Weddel l Sea Ronne Ice Shelf

K

N

A L

T

A M

TH E PHYSICAL WO R LD N

O

Great Lakes

P

Appalachian Mountains

Q

Grand Banks of Newfoundland

R

S

British Isles

Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Alps

T

U

Mediterranean Sea

Caucasus

V

Zagros Mountains

Hindu Kush

90°W

60°W

Peru-Chile Trench

30°W

Andes

Guiana Highlands

Cape Verde Islands

30°E

60°E

Congo Basin

Gulf of Guinea

Y

Gobi

Japan

Z

Japan Trench

Pacific Ocean

Asia

0°

Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Himalayas

X

1

Africa

North America

W

Ethiopian Highlands

90°E

Gulf of Aden

Bay of Bengal

120°E

Ninetyeast Ridge

150°E

Java Trench

East Indies

180°

Micronesia

2

Pacific Ocean

3 South America 90°W

Africa

60°W

30°W

0°

30°E

60°E

90°E

120°E

150°E

180°

an

O

Heard Island

e

r

Marshall Islands

o

n

e

G

Mo unt Kos cius zko 222 8m

e

Coral Sea

Fiji

New Caled onia 13

we

Ris

e

South Fiji Basin

Ho

iv

d

t

or

a

12

Vanu atu

L

14

North Island

New Zealand t

South Island

t rai

Tasman Sea

ok S

Bass Strait

re

n

Solomon Islands

15

Co

Grea t Aus trali an Bigh t

Bismarck a Archipelago

Tropic of Capricorn

D

Nu

id in g R ange

Simp son Dese rt

Lake Eyre -16m ng rli Da

Equator

Tungaru

Cape York

Land Gulf of Carpentaria

AUSTRALIA Great Victo ria Deser t l l ar b or P l ain

s

Melanesian Basin

l

Solomon Sea

Arafura rres S trait To Sea

Great Sandy Desert

Perth Basin

Bismarck Sea

Mount Wilhelm 4509m

or Tim Arnhem Kimberley Plateau

South Indian Ba sin

Campbell Islan d Macquarie Island

N

Auckland

Campbell Plateau Islands

Physical factfile Diameter of Earth at Equator: 7927 miles (12,756 km) Equatorial circumference of Earth: 24,901 miles (40,075 km) Diameter from Pole to Pole: 7900 miles (12,714 km) Polar circumference of Earth: 24,860 miles (40,008 km) Mass: 5988 million million million tons (tonnes)

D av i s S e a

Wilkes

A P

nch

New G uin ea

Antarct ic Circle

Land Mt Ere bus Ro 3794m S ss Ice helf

N

pm ak er Sea mo unt s

uT rench

rait Taiw an S t a Tr ench

Ta sm an ia

dg

Tr e

'

lin t Si k h ot e - A re b e Kh

tor R i dge

Timor

Ashmore & Cartier Islands

In v e s t i g a

etye

Nin

Kerguelen

a

oly ms Ko kiy ry Kh aks reb kiy et

Ridge

ast

Ja v

a

ChagosLaccadive P lateau Chagos Trench

R i d g e lat Ma scaren eP

sca

r

Mo zam biqu e Ch ann Ma el d

aga

Mo za Pla mbiqu teau e

g

er

M

Se

s

at E a s te r n Gh

Hi n

Owen

Wh ite Nile

a Lu laba

Su l R ai m Ind ange a n us Fracture Z one

Sea ic

ré

né Té

sb

OCEAN

E a s t I n d i e s

South Australian Basin Ri

c

PACIFIC

Celebes

Java Sea

M

an

i

a

di

M

an

9

a

Crozet Islands

ai n s

i

In

ount

s

st

cM

Central Pacific Basin

Borneo

Java

Ridge

cifi

8

e

Amsterdam Island

Mar i

Ree f Gre at B ar r i e r

ea

Tropic of Cancer

i

Cocos Basin

tra

th

-11,034m

Celebes Sea

ma

Brok en

Pa

a

sR idg e

Mar iana Islan ds

Philippine Islands

id-

West Mariana Basin

k in

Malay Peninsula al ac c

M Su

vi

h

of

al

nc

Ryu

M

ky

re nch ne T

d

7

a M

ppi

ait

u

re nT

an

s

Taiwan

ili

ai l

6

nt

Northwest Pacific Basin

ni

Th

e au

C

So

Ryukyu Islands

Gibson Desert

St Paul Island

Prince Edward Islands

A

g

ou

St r

id

Kyúshú

East China Sea

South China Sea

of

OCEAN

m

Ph

Gulf

Mid-Indian Basin

Shikoku

lf

To n

ea

Bo

Gu

ng ko

ea an S Andam

INDIAN

rS

Philippine Sea

e

P l at

E I

dy

t e s

n

R

ele n

T

of

ro

rgu

C

wad

w

In

d

i a

Enderby Plain

Dronning Maud Land

Ir r a

o

Natal Basin

Ke

R

Réunion

Nicobar Islands

Ceylon Plain

u

Mauritius

een

S

u

t h

Bouvet Island

C

Sri Lanka

Me

pe

Hokkaidó

o

Agulhas Basin

O

i

zi pop

en

Cape of Good Hope

Maud Rise

at s

be

b Desert

Drak

Andaman Islands

Chagos Archipelago

Seychelles

Madagascar Basin

Oran Riv ge er

Cape Basin

ar

y

o ang av

mi

W

Somali Basin

Lake Nyasa

Lim

Gh

le

Ok

Na

Kalahari Desert

Ri dg e

Lake Tanganyika

Zam

ern

V

al

Okavango Delta

Kilimanjaro 5895m

Lake Victoria

Bay of Bengal

Maldive Islands

Kirinyaga 5200m

Va l l e y

Great Rift

o ang Kw

Angola Basin

h bilas Lu Kasai

o ng Co

Arabian Basin

Ca r

Somali Plain

She

Kri sh na

st We

Congo

Arabian Sea

erg

Uele

Congo Basin

A

Ganges Fan

G o d av

Laccadive Islands

li

Gulf of Guinea

C

ba Ju

ang i

I

Mount Everest 8848m

es

Deccan

lsb

R

be

F Ub

Ga ng

e nch

Em

Honshú

Yan g tz e

a mad Nar

Socotra

Horn of Africa

Thar Desert

t i an Tr

Japan

Yel low G r e a t Sea f o n i a Pl China

a l a y a s

5

n

Al e u

Sea of Japan (East Sea)

S a lw

a

A

ft Great Ri

da la A igh H

f of

n Ad e

im

a si

h

f

hn

Lake Volta

le e Ni Blu

a e w s nu Be m a n d

Gu l

Ethiopian Highlands

H

ka

nB

nc

ts

Da

ea d S

er t

Re

Des

S a h e l

Lac ‘Assal -156m

Yellow R

Q i li an Sh a n M o n u nt ai n s n lu Ku Plateau of Tibet

at

tia

e Tr

M

Ad

an

Lake Chad

Gobi

Takla Makan Desert

sh Ku

ch

eu

Ja p a n

s P

by

Arabian Peninsula

M an ch ur ia n Pl ai n

s

m

Sakhalin

Am ur

A

im He Tar

ir s

Gu O m lf of a n Oman Basin

Sea of Okhotsk

Al

at k a mch Ka c h r i l - re n Ku T l an d s i l Is

Iranian Plateau

o

du

Alta i Mo unta in

Ka

r ive

a

gr

er sia nG ul

rn ste r t Ea ese D

Li

Tibesti

Nubian Desert

m Pa

ea

Za

Syrian Dead Desert Qattara -427m Sea Depression An Nafud -133m Western Desert

K et reb h K

Stanovoy Khrebet

Shan

u

nS

Sea

S a h a r a Ahaggar

s

te

an

Gulf of Sirte

Da ry

is

Chott el Jerid

Ti Euph ra

Ti e n

I

S

A

h

Lake Balkhash

ar ya

gr

M

El'brus 5642m

at o li a s An Mt Taurus

Aegean Sea

s

ia

a

Ionian Sea

Aral Sea Syr D

Ustyurt A Plateau m

sp

Se

Medite rr an ts e

Black Sea

M ts lkan Ba

a su

Lake Baikal Ir t y s

-28m

C au c

Ca

ic

r

A

i at

O b'

Ural

g hi z Ste p p e Ki r

r ste

e oir

dr

Moun a Dnie

E

P

Don

ircle Arctic C

r Ku

i an s th t ain

e

Mont Blanc 4807m

O

Dni epe

4

oliv y Pr ski tar Ta

Alps

D ube

Kama

rian

a S i b e r i

ns

UCarp R

Central Siberian Plateau

ai

Ean

Volga

East Sibe Sea

Ve K h r e b e t Cher rk skog ho o Le n y a n s k i y K h r e bet a

nt

o Eur No r t h

n pea

n

yr

y

ou

B

e hin

Sein L

t al

ai

M

North Sea

Pl

Ni l e

an

Lake Ladoga

Sc

a

Ye ni se

West Siberian Plain

al

n di

v ia

Ur

Norwegian Sea

Poluostrov Ta y m

Kara Sea Poluostrov Yamal

Laptev Sea

ea i d - I n d i a n

Novaya Zemlya Barents Sea

Spitsbergen

R

Severnaya Zemlya

Franz Josef Land

ri New Sibe Islands

Q

R

U

V

W

X

Y

16

17

Z

xiii

THE WOR LD A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

Structure of the Earth

1

J

Continental plate

The Earth’s crust is made up of eight major (and several minor) rigid continental and oceanic tectonic plates, which fit closely together. The positions of the plates are not static. They are constantly moving relative to one another. The type of movement between plates affects the way in which they alter the structure of the Earth. The oldest parts of the plates, known as shields, are the most stable parts of the Earth and little tectonic activity occurs here.

4

5

Mid-ocean ridge

The boundaries between the plates are the areas where most tectonic activity takes place. Three types of movement occur at plate boundaries: the plates can either move towards each other, move apart, or slide past each other. The effect this has on the Earth’s structure depends on whether the margin is between two continental plates, two oceanic plates or an oceanic and continental plate.

7

Lithosphere Asthenosphere Mesosphere Continental crust

Plate boundaries

6

Shield area in middle of plate: little tectonic activity occurs here

Inner core of solid iron

Liquid outer core

Ocean plates meeting

Mid-ocean ridges are formed when two adjacent oceanic plates pull apart, allowing magma to force its way up to the surface, which then cools to form solid rock. Vast amounts of volcanic material are discharged at these mid-ocean ridges which can reach heights of 10,000 ft (3000 m).

Oceanic crust is denser and thinner than continental crust; on average it is 3 miles (5 km) thick, while continental crust averages 18–24 miles (30–40 km). When oceanic plates of similar density meet, the crust is contorted as one plate overrides the other, forming deep sea trenches and volcanic island arcs above sea level.

m The Mid-Atlantic Ridge rises above sea level in Iceland, producing geysers and volcanoes.

Ocean floor

m Mount Pinatubo is an active volcano, lying on the Pacific ‘Ring of Fire’.

Earthquake zone

Overriding plate

Diving plate Volcanic activity

Formation of a midocean ridge

Ocean plates meeting to form an island arc

Arctic C ircle

uncertain plate boundary

Chain of islands

Ocean trench

Magma pushed upwards along centre of ridge Solid mantle

9

Mesosphere

Mid-ocean ridges

8

Tectonic activity

Mantle composed of solid rock and magma

Deep within the Earth, at its inner core, temperatures may exceed 8100°F (4500°C). This heat warms rocks in the mesosphere which rise through the partially molten mantle, displacing cooler rocks just below the solid crust, which sink, and are warmed again by the heat of the mantle. This process is continually repeated, creating convection currents which form the moving force beneath the Earth’s crust.

Movement of plate

Plate boundary: most tectonic activity takes place here

Viscous asthenosphere

Rigid lithosphere

Convection currents

Subduction zone Ocean crust

Oceanic plate

M

Inner core

Outer core

Rigid tectonic plate

L

Rocky crust

The Earth’s hot inner core ismade up of solid iron, while the outer core is composed of liquid iron and nickel. The mantle nearest the core is viscous, whereas the rocky upper mantle is fairly rigid. The crust is the rocky outer shell of the Earth. Together, the upper mantle and the crust form the lithosphere.

3

The dynamic Earth

K

Inside the Earth

The Earth as it is today is just the latest phase in a constant process of evolution which has occurred over the past 4.5 billion years. The Earth’s continents are neither fixed nor stable; over the course of the Earth’s history, propelled by currents rising from the intense heat at its centre, the great plates on which they lie have moved, collided, joined together, and separated. These processes continue to mould and transform the surface of the Earth, causing earthquakes and volcanic eruptions and creating oceans, mountain ranges, deep ocean trenches and island chains.

2

I

ircle Arctic C

volcanic zone earthquake zone hot spot

E U R A S I A N

rift valley

J UA N D E F U C A

N O R T H

P L AT E

A NAT O L I A N

A M E R I C A N

P L AT E

P L AT E

10

P L AT E

PAC I F I C P L AT E

IRANIAN P L AT E

Tropic of Cancer

11

Tropic of Cancer

ARABIAN

PHILIPPINE

P L AT E

P L AT E

CARIBBEAN

CAROLINE P L AT E

P L AT E COCOS P L AT E

Equator P A C I F I C

BISMARCK Equator P L AT E

P L A T E A F R I C A N P L AT E

12 S O U T H

A M E R I C A N

SOLOMON P L AT E

P L AT E

N A Z C A P L AT E

F I J I P L AT E

I N D O -

Tropic of Capricorn

A U S T R A L I A N

13

Tropic of Capricorn

P L A T E

14

S C O T I A P L AT E

A N T A R C T I C A

P L A T E Antarctic Circle

Circ l e nt a rc t i c

Sliding plates

15

When two plates slide past each other, friction is caused along the fault line which divides them. The plates do not move smoothly, and the uneven movement causes earthquakes.

 The Andean mountain chain is the typical result of the impact of a diving plate.

Diving plates When an oceanic and a continental plate meet, the denser oceanic plate is driven underneath the continental plate, which is crumpled by the collision to form mountain ranges. As the ocean plate plunges downward, it heats up, and molten rock (magma) is forced up to the surface.

16

17

A

xiv

B

Oceanic plate dives under continental plate

Mountains thrust up by collision

Plate

m The deep fracture caused by the sliding plates of the San Andreas Fault can be clearly seen in parts of California.

Earthquake zone Continental plate

Diving plate

C

D

E

F

 The Alps were formed when the African Plate collided with the Eurasian Plate, about 65 million years ago. Plate buckles as it collides Earthquake zone

Plate

Earthquake zone

When two continental plates collide, great mountain chains are thrust upwards as the crust buckles and folds under the force of the impact.

Continental plates colliding to form a mountain range

Sliding plates H

Colliding plates

Crust thickens in response to the impact

Fault line

G

Mountains thrust upwards

I

J

K

L

M

STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH O

P

Continental drift Although the plates which make up the Earth’s crust move only a few centimetres in a year, over the millions of years of the Earth’s history, its continents have moved many thousands of kilometres, to create new continents, oceans and mountain chains.

Arabia Africa G O

N

D AN

N

Northern Europe

AL

Siberia India A DW

South America

570–510 million years ago. Most continents are in tropical latitudes. The supercontinent of Gondwanaland reaches the South Pole.

G ON DWA NA L A N D

4: Triassic period 245–208 million years ago. All three major continents have joined to form the super-continent of Pangea. L AU R A S I A

Siberia North Northern America Manchuria Greenland Europe China Africa Arabia Central Asia South America W Southeast Asia AN A L India Australia AND Antarctica

Greenland LAURENTIA /BALTICA

L AU R A S I A

Siberia Northern Manchuria Europe China Spain Turkey Africa Arabia Central Asia Southeast Asia GO India ND Australia W

North America

Northern South Asia Europe Kazakhstania Africa Australia Arabia India N Antarctica

South America

A NA

LAND

Antarctica

AL

A

2: Devonian period 408–362 million years ago. The continents of Gondwanaland and Laurentia are drifting northwards.

Siberia

Siberia

Arabia

1

30 million years ago

Antarctica

7: Tertiary period

Korean African Guiana (Venezuelan)

2

Brazilian

Australian Antarctic 3

4

Between 10 and 20 million years ago, the Indian subcontinent, part of the ancient continent of Gondwanaland, collided with the continent of Asia. The Indo-Australian Plate continued to move northwards, displacing continental crust and uplifting the Himalayas, the world’s highest mountain chain. Movements of India

H

im

5

Force of collision pushes up mountains

ala

6

yas Cross-section through the Himalayas 7

20 million years ago nd

PAC I F IC OCEAN

un ts

10 million years ago

Direction of movement of plate over hot spot

The Earth’s geology

2 million years ago

m The Himalayas were uplifted when the Indian subcontinent collided with Asia.

80 million years ago

Hawai‘i

9

 Basalt columns at Limestone Giant’s Causeway, 3 Limestone is a sedimentary rock, Northern Ireland, UK. which is formed mainly from the calcite skeletons of marine animals which have been compressed into rock.

1 Gneiss is a metamorphic rock made at great depth during the formation of mountain chains, when intense heat and pressure transform sedimentary or igneous rocks.

The Earth’s rocks are created in a continual cycle. Exposed rocks are weathered and eroded by wind, water and chemicals and deposited as sediments. If they pass into the Earth’s crust they will be transformed by high temperatures and pressures into metamorphic rocks or they will melt and solidify as igneous rocks.

8

60 million years ago

Gneiss

10

Basalt 2 Basalt is an igneous rock, formed when small quantities of magma lying close to the Earth’s surface cool rapidly.

m Gneiss formations in Norway’s Jotunheimen Mountains.

8 Sandstones are sedimentary rocks formed mainly in deserts, beaches and deltas. Desert sandstones are formed of grains of quartz which have been well rounded by wind erosion.

Siberian Indian

Active volcano

Al e u t i a n I s l a

20 million years ago

65–2 million years ago. Although the world’s geography is becoming more recognizable, major events such as the creation of the Himalayan mountain chain, are still to occur during this period.

Sandstone

Scandinavian (Fenno-Scandian)

Canadian (Laurentian)

Evolution of the Hawai‘ian Islands

India

ALAND

Z

Cross-section through the Hawai‘ian Islands Northern Europe

o S eam Emperor

AN

Y

Present day

Australia

DW

362–290 million years ago. The Earth is dominated by three continents; Laurentia, Angaraland and Gondwanaland.

TIA BALTICA

Africa South America

G O N D WA A L A N D N

3: Carboniferous period

EN

G ON

Northwest Greenland China Antarctica Northern Europe Australia Arabia Africa

LAURENTIA

R AU

X

Creation of the Himalayas

Direction of plate movement over hot spot

145–65 million years ago. Warm shallow seas cover much of the land: sea levels are about 80 ft (25 m) above present levels.

North America

ANGARALAND

North America South America

Extinct volcano

6: Cretaceous period

L

G O N DWA N

W

A hot spot lying deep beneath the Pacific Ocean pushes a plume of magma from the Earth’s mantle up through the Pacific Plate to form volcanic islands. While the hot spot remains stationary, the plate on which the islands sit is moving slowly. A long chain of islands has been created as the plate passes over the hot spot.

D

North America South America

V

The Hawai‘ian island chain

208–145 million years ago. The supercontinent of Pangea begins to break up, causing an overall rise in sea levels. Greenland

SIBERIA

U

The centres of the Earth’s continents, known as shields, were established between 2500 and 500 million years ago; some contain rocks over three billion years old. They were formed by a series of turbulent events: plate movements, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Since the Pre-Cambrian period, over 570 million years ago, they have experienced little tectonic activity, and today, these flat, low-lying slabs of solidified molten rock form the stable centres of the continents. They are bounded or covered by successive belts of younger sedimentary rock.

5: Jurassic period

1: Cambrian period

T

Continental shields

Siberia Manchuria Greenland I A Northern S A Europe R China U Central A Arabia Asia Southeast Asia North L P America A N Africa India Australia G South America E A Antarctica

D

Antarctica

BALTICA

S

N

Greenland North America

R

GO

Australia

LAURENTIA

Q

s

N

11

12 1

m Limestone hills, Guilin, China.

2

Coral

8

6

4 Coral reefs are formed from the skeletons of millions of individual corals.

3

7

13

4

 Extrusive igneous rocks are formed during volcanic eruptions, as here in Hawai‘i.

15

m Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Geological regions continental shield sedimentary cover coral formation igneous rock types

Mountain ranges

Andesite

Alpine (new) Hercynian (old) Caledonian (ancient)

7 Andesite is an extrusive igneous rock formed from magma which has solidified on the Earth’s crust after a volcanic eruption. N

O

P

14

5

m Rock stacks of desert sandstone, at Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah, USA.

Q

Schist

Granite

6 Gchist is a metamorphic rock formed during mountain building, when temperature and pressure are comparatively high. Both mudstones and shales reform into schist under these conditions.

5 Granite is an intrusive igneous rock formed from magma which has solidified deep within the Earth’s crust. The magma cools slowly, producing a coarse-grained rock.

 Schist formations in the Atlas Mountains, northwestern Africa.

 Namibia’s Namaqualand Plateau is formed of granite.

S

V

W

X

16

17

Y

Z

xv

THE WOR LD A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

Shaping the landscape

1

Less than 2% of the world’s water is on the land, but it is the most powerful agent of landscape change. Water, as rainfall, groundwater and rivers, can transform landscapes through both erosion and deposition. Eroded material carried by rivers forms the world’s most fertile soils.

3

Coastal water

 A low, wide sandy beach on South Africa’s Cape Peninsula is continually re-shaped by the action of the Atlantic waves.

5

L

M

m Waterfalls such as the Iguaçu Falls on the border between Argentina and southern Brazil, erode the underlying rock, causing the falls to retreat. Permeable zone where groundwater is stored

Groundwater

The world’s coastlines are constantly changing; every day, tides deposit, sift and sort sand, and gravel on the shoreline. Over longer periods, powerful wave action erodes cliffs and headlands and carves out bays.

4

K

Water

The basic material of the Earth’s surface is solid rock: valleys, deserts, soil, and sand are all evidence of the powerful agents of weathering, erosion, and deposition which constantly shape and transform the Earth’s landscapes. Water, either flowing continually in rivers or seas, or frozen and compacted into solid sheets of ice, has the most clearly visible impact on the Earth’s surface. But wind can transport fragments of rock over huge distances and strip away protective layers of vegetation, exposing rock surfaces to the impact of extreme heat and cold.

2

J

In regions where there are porous rocks such as chalk, water is stored underground in large quantities; these reservoirs of water are known as aquifers. Rain percolates through topsoil into the underlying bedrock, creating an underground store of water. The limit of the saturated zone is called the water table.

m The sheer chalk cliffs at Seven Sisters in southern England are constantly under attack from waves.

Perched aquifer Water table

Impermeable rock

Spring

Storage of groundwater in an aquifer

World river systems: Sediment deposited annually per drainage basin

World river systems

6

Arctic C ircle

A

C

R

I

T

O

C

C

A

E

N

Yukon Yenisey

Mackenzie

drainage basin

Colorado

8

Amur 1520 760

Mississippi/ Missouri

Indus

tonnes per sq km per year

Yangtze

Ganges/ Brahmaputra

OCEAN

Tropic of Cancer

Mekong

P A C I F I C

400 200 and less

Yellow River Tigris/ Euphrates

AT L A N T I C

PAC I F I C

Nile

Niger

9

1600

Danube

Rio Grande

Tropic of Cancer

6080

Rhine

St. Lawrence

Columbia

Lena

2400

Ob'

Volga

Nelson

7

tons per sq mile per year 9120

ircle Arctic C

OCEAN

Orinoco

Equator

Equator

Congo Amazon

O C E A N

INDIAN

Sáo Francisco

Zambezi

OCEAN

AT L A N T I C

10 Paraná

Tropic of Capricorn

OCEAN

Tropic of Capricorn

Orange Murray/ Darling

11

Ant a rc

12

t i c Ci rc

le

Antarct ic Circle

Drainage basins

Rivers Rivers erode the land by grinding and dissolving rocks and stones. Most erosion occurs in the river’s upper course as it flows through highland areas. Rock fragments are moved along the river bed by fast-flowing water and deposited in areas where the river slows down, such as flat plains, or where the river enters seas or lakes.

13

14

River valleys

Deltas

Over long periods of time rivers erode uplands to form characteristic V-shaped valleys with smooth sides.

When a river deposits its load of silt and sediment (alluvium) on entering the sea, it may form a delta. As this material accumulates, it chokes the mouth of the river, forcing it to create new channels to reach the sea.

Chemical erosion cuts valley in softer rock

Resistant rock River

Apennines

Tributary river

In their lower courses, rivers flow slowly. As they flow across the lowlands, they form looping bends called meanders.

17

A

xvi

B

Heavy rain and associated flooding on slopes can loosen underlying rocks, which crumble, causing the top layers of rock and soil to slip.

 Mud is deposited by China’s Yellow River in its lower course.

 A huge landslide in the Swiss Alps has left massive piles of rocks and pebbles called scree.

Deposition When rivers have deposited large quantities of fertile alluvium, they are forced to find new channels through the alluvium deposits, creating braided river systems.

m The meanders of Utah’s San Juan River have become deeply incised. C

River mouth

Po Valley

Landslides

16

m The Mississippi River forms meanders as it flows across the southern US.

Delta

The drainage basin of the Po river, northern Italy.

Meanders 15

Alps

Dolomites

 The Nile forms a broad delta as it flows into the Mediterranean.

River valley erosion

Major trunk river

Watershed

The drainage basin is the area of land drained by a major trunk river and its smaller branch rivers or tributaries. Drainage basins are separated from one another by natural boundaries known as watersheds.

D

E

F

G

H

Gullies

m A deep gully in the French Alps caused by the scouring of upper layers of turf. I

J

K

In areas where soil is thin, rainwater is not effectively absorbed, and may flow overland. The water courses downhill in channels, or gullies, and may lead to rapid erosion of soil. L

M

SHAPING THE LANDSCAPE N

O

P

Q

Ice

R

S

V

W

X

Y

Z

Glacial valleys

During its long history, the Earth has experienced a number of glacial episodes when temperatures were considerably lower than today. During the last Ice Age, 18,000 years ago, ice covered an area three times larger than it does today. Over these periods, the ice has left a remarkable legacy of transformed landscapes.

1

Glaciers can erode much more powerfully than rivers. They form steep-sided, flatbottomed valleys with a typical U-shaped profile. Valleys created by tributary glaciers, whose floors have not been eroded to the same depth as the main glacial valley floor, are called hanging valleys

2

m The U-shaped profile and piles of morainic debris are characteristic of a valley once filled by a glacier.

m A series of hanging valleys high up in the Chilean Andes. m The profile of the Matterhorn has been formed by three cirques lying ‘back-to-back’.

Past and present world ice-cover and glacial features

Glaciers

3

Cirques Cirques are basin-shaped hollows which mark the head of a glaciated valley. Where neighboring cirques meet, they are divided by sharp rock ridges called arêtes. It is these arêtes which give the Matterhorn its characteristic profile.

Glaciers are formed by the compaction of snow into ‘rivers’ of ice. As they move over the landscape, glaciers pick up and carry a load of rocks and boulders which erode the landscape they pass over, and are eventually deposited at the end of the glacier.

4

Fjords Fjords are ancient glacial valleys flooded by the sea following the end of a period of glaciation. Beneath the water, the valley floor can be 4000 ft (1300 m) deep.

5

6

7

m A massive glacier advancing down a valley in southern Argentina.

Past and present world ice cover and glacial features

Post-glacial features When a glacial episode ends, the retreating ice leaves many features. These include depositional ridges called moraines, which may be eroded into low hills known as drumlins; sinuous ridges called eskers; kames, which are rounded hummocks; depressions known as kettle holes; and windblown loess deposits.

Wind

Kame terrace

extent of last Ice Age loess deposits post-glacial feature glacial feature

Retreating glacier

Kettle hole Esker

Drumlin

Braided river

Water drips into fissures in rocks and freezes, expanding as it does so. The pressure weakens the rock, causing it to crack, and eventually to shatter into polygonal patterns.

Glacial till Bedrock

Post-glacial landscape features

Prevailing winds and dust trajec tories

Strong winds can transport rock fragments great distances, especially where there is little vegetation to protect the rock. In desert areas, wind picks up loose, unprotected sand particles, carrying them over great distances. This powerfully abrasive debris is blasted at the surface by the wind, eroding the landscape into dramatic shapes.

Prevailing winds northeast trade southeast trade

polar easterly polar easterly

m Irregular polygons show through the sedge-grass tundra in the Yukon, Canada.

trajectory of aeolian dust

semi-arid

10

Most of the world’s deserts are in the tropics. The cold deserts which occur elsewhere are arid because they are a long way from the rain-giving sea. Rock in deserts is exposed because of lack of vegetation and is susceptible to changes in temperature; extremes of heat and cold can cause both cracks and fissures to appear in the rock.

cold polar

Deposition

Heat

The rocky, stony floors of the world’s deserts are swept and scoured by strong winds. The smaller, finer particles of sand are shaped into surface ripples, dunes, or sand mountains, which rise to a height of 650 ft (200 m). Dunes usually form single lines, running perpendicular to the direction of the prevailing wind. These long, straight ridges can extend for over 100 miles (160 km).

Fierce sun can heat the surface of rock, causing it to expand more rapidly than the cooler, underlying layers. This creates tensions which force the rock to crack or break up. In arid regions, the evaporation of water from rock surfaces dissolves certain minerals within the water, causing salt crystals to form in small openings in the rock. The hard crystals force the openings to widen into cracks and fissures. m Barchan dunes in the Arabian Desert.

9

Temperature

Main desert types hot arid

8

Periglacial areas occur near to the edge of ice sheets. A layer of frozen ground lying just beneath the surface of the land is known as permafrost. When the surface melts in the summer, the water is unable to drain into the frozen ground, and so ‘creeps’ downhill, a process known as solifluction.

Hot and cold deser t s

Dust trajectories westerly westerly

Periglaciation

Ice shattering

Terminal moraine

Windblown loess

m A fjord fills a former glacial valley in southern New Zealand.

present day ice cover glacial field

11

12

Desert abrasion

m Complex dune system in the Sahara.

Abrasion creates a wide range of desert landforms from faceted pebbles and wind ripples in the sand, to largescale features such as yardangs (low, streamlined ridges), and scoured desert pavements. Wind abrasion

13

Gravel

Faceted rock

Sand desert

Wind direction

14

Wind rippling

Desert pavement

Thermal fracturing 15

Features of a desert surface

Dunes Types of dune

Dunes are shaped by wind direction and sand supply. Where sand supply is limited, crescentshaped barchan dunes are formed.

m The cracked and parched floor of Death Valley, California. This is one of the hottest deserts on Earth.

Wind direction Transverse dune N

O

P

Barchan dune Q

Linear dune R

Star dune S

 This dry valley at Ellesmere Island in the Canadian Arctic is an example of a cold desert. The cracked floor and scoured slopes are features also found in hot deserts.

T

U

V

W

X

Y

16

17

Z

xvii

THE WOR LD A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

The world’s oceans

1

J

K

L

M

The great oceans There are five oceans on Earth: the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian and Southern oceans, and the much smaller Arctic Ocean. These five ocean basins are relatively young, having evolved within the last 80 million years. One of the most recent plate collisions, between the Eurasian and African plates, created the present-day arrangement of continents and oceans.

Two-thirds of the Earth’s surface is covered by the oceans. The landscape of the ocean floor, like the surface of the land, has been shaped by movements of the Earth’s crust over millions of years to form volcanic mountain ranges, deep trenches, basins and plateaux. Ocean currents constantly redistribute warm and cold water around the world. A major warm current, such as El Niño in the Pacific Ocean, can increase surface temperature by up to 8°C (10°F), causing changes in weather patterns which can lead to both droughts and flooding.

2

I

m The Indian Ocean accounts for approximately 20% of the total area of the world’s oceans.

3

Sea level If the influence of tides, winds, currents and variations in gravity were ignored, the surface of the Earth’s oceans would closely follow the topography of the ocean floor, with an underwater ridge 3000 ft (915 m) high producing a rise of up to 3 ft (1 m) in the level of the surface water.

rth No

Depressed sea level over trough in ocean floor

Sea of Okhotsk

n

s Per G u

Red Sea

Ta iwa nS tra it

ia lf n

Arabian Sea

Bay of Bengal

D

Mozambique Channel

ve Plateau -Laccadi

Chagos

e n Ri dg

est In dia

thw

ef Re

C

ier

xviii

B

arr tB

A

ea Gr

Formation of black smokers

ca lac

17

M of

Water heated by hot basalt

ge

Ocean floor

Rid

Water percolates into the sea floor

ou

ele

nP

lat

ea

thea

st In dia

Tasman Sea ll be mp eau a C lat P

n Ridge

n South Indian Basi

u

SOUTHERN

le

ANTA RC TIC A

Tropic of Cancer

Ocean floors

16

rgu

Sou

Bass Strait

Arctic Circle

m Surtsey, near Iceland, is a volcanic island lying directly over the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. It was formed in the 1960s following intense volcanic activity nearby.

Plume of hot mineral laden water

South Fiji Basin

Ages of the ocean floor

These vents in the ocean floor disgorge hot, sulphurrich water from deep in the Earth’s crust. Despite the great depths, a variety of lifeforms have adapted to the chemical-rich environment which surrounds black smokers.

Chimney

east

Black smokers

m A black smoker in the Atlantic Ocean.

South Australian Basin

Enderby Plain t i c Ci rc

Coral Sea

Perth Basin

O C E A N

Ant a rc

Melanesian Basin

Solomon Sea

Arafura Sea

AUSTRALIA

S

Sea level 200m / 656ft 1000m / 3281ft 2000m / 6562ft 3000m / 9843ft 4000m / 13,124ft 5000m / 16,400ft 6000m / 19,686ft

untains

a Marian

Bismarck Sea

Timor Sea

Ke

fic M o

Celebes Sea

Ninety

Ocean depth

Typical sea-floor features

idge

Agulhas Basin

12

ndian R

Volcanic island Continental shelf

Mid-I

Flat-topped guyot

u tea Pla

Oceanic ridge

Abyssal plain

Cape Basin

Mid-Indian Basin

Madagascar Basin

ue biq zam Mo

Seamount

idge vis R

Trench

11

Wal

10

Tropic of Capricorn

scarene M al a t e a u P

The continental shelf is a shallow, flat sea-bed surrounding the Earth’s continents. It extends to the continental slope, which falls to the ocean floor. Here, the flat abyssal plains are interrupted by vast, underwater mountain ranges, the midocean ridges, and ocean trenches which plunge to depths of 35,828 ft (10,920 m).

I N D I A N

Somali Basin

Angola Basin

f of Gul iland Th a

Equator

m The low relief of many small Pacific islands such as these atolls at Huahine in French Polynesia makes them vulnerable to changes in sea level.

a

ka

Northwest Pacific Basin

Mi d-P ac i Philippine Sea

South China Sea Sunda Shelf

ai t Str

ge Rid erg lsb Car

Gulf of Guinea

J

East China Sea

Ku

at ch m ch a -K n ril Tre

nts

Yellow Sea

renc h

ian

rra

ea

AFRICA

Ocean structure

A Sea of Japan (East Sea)

7

9

I

C

Tropic of Cancer

8

S

ap an T

A

asp

A

ea nS

How surface waters reflect the relief of the ocean floor

6

East Siberian Sea

Tr e n ch

Se a

Med ite

ARCTI C

Laptev Sea

Se a

Black Sea

iati c

Base level of the sea surface at 0 ft (0 m)

Actual relief of ocean floor

Sea

E U R O P E dr

5

Baltic

Kara

Emperor Seamou

Elevated sea level over ridge in ocean floor

Se a

Se a

4

Baren Sea ts

Arctic C ircle

Mid-ocean ridges are formed by lava which erupts beneath the sea and cools to form solid rock. This process mirrors the creation of volcanoes from cooled lava on the land. The ages of sea floor rocks increase in parallel bands outwards from central ocean ridges. E

F

Equator Tropic of Capricorn

Antarctic Circle

Jurassic

Tertiary (Paleogene) Quaternary

Cretaceous 208 million years old

G

145

65

H

23 0 23 Tertiary (Neogene)

I

Jurassic Cretaceous 145

65

J

Age uncertain Continental shelf and island arcs

208 million years old

K

L

M

THE WOR LD’S OCE ANS N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

Deposition of sediment

m Currents in the Southern Ocean are driven by some of the world’s fiercest winds, including the Roaring Forties, Furious Fifties and Shrieking Sixties.

OC EAN

Be rin g Sea

Al

Baffin Bay

Beaufort Sea

Chukchi Sea

an euti

Tr e

m The Atlantic Ocean was formed when the landmasses of the eastern and western hemispheres began to drift apart 180 million years ago.

m The Pacific Ocean is the world’s largest and deepest ocean, covering over one-third of the surface of the Earth.

Gre

enl

an d

Se a

ircle Arctic C

Dav i

sS tra i Hudson Strai t t Hudson Bay

Storms, earthquakes, and volcanic activity trigger underwater currents known as turbidity currents which scour sand and gravel from the continental shelf, creating underwater canyons. These strong currents pick up material deposited at river mouths and deltas, and carry it across the continental shelf and through the underwater canyons, where it is eventually laid down on the ocean floor in the form of fans.

M

id

-A

la

i dg

Mol o

e

C

kai F

ct n Fra lar io

P A C I F I C Clipp

Central Pacific Basin

er ton

M

id

dl

Tropic of Cancer

Basin

e A m

eric

a T r

Barracud

Caribbean Sea en

Guate mala B a sin

2

Deep sea turbidity flow

How sediment is deposited on the ocean floor 3

5

a Fracture Z

6

7

one

ch

Equator

ca Ri dg e

az

O C E A N Tropic of Capricorn

st

P

a

Argentine Basin

M

a Amun dsen Sea

Ross Sea

Scotia Sea

S o u t h e a s t Pa c i f i c Basin

id

-A

ge t

Ocean currents Surface currents are driven by the prevailing winds and by the spinning motion of the Earth, which drives the currents into circulating whirlpools, or gyres. Deep sea currents, over 330 ft (100 m) below the surface, are driven by differences in water temperature and salinity, which have an impact on the density of deep water and on its movement.

10

Sur face temperature and current s

Tropic of Cancer

dw San h South Trenc

Bel lin gsh aus en Sea

12

Equator

Antarcti c Circle

Weddell Sea

11

Arctic Circle

ich

OCEAN

9

n

ti

c

ci fi c

Ri se

Rio Grande Rise

E

e idg tic R

Idealized globe showing the movement of water around a landless Earth.

id

Ton ga Trench

N Chile Basin

l e Tr e n c h

Southwest Pacific Basin

Brazil Basin

hi

Ea st Pa ci fi c

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is e

8

-C

O C E A N

SOUTH AMERICA

Pe r u

Per u Basin

Sala y Gomez Ridge

tarc c-An Pacifi

1

Ocean currents move warm water away from the Equator towards the poles, while cold water is, in turn, moved towards the Equator. This is the main way in which the Earth distributes surface heat and is a major climatic control. Approximately 4000 million years ago, the Earth was dominated by oceans and there was no land to interrupt the flow of the currents, which would have flowed as straight lines, simply influenced by the Earth’s rotation.

Yucatan Basin

Zone

ure Frac t

A T L A N T ICanaCry Sargasso Sea

Gulf of Mexico

one ure Z

Rocks and Other debris, flow from shelf to ocean floor

Surface water

R

nR

North American Basin

Zone

ne re Zo rac t u

Continental shelf

la

a i’ i a

e

ic Ridge

Haw

actur

nt

M

Fr ur ray

Sediment accumulates at head of underwater canyon Recentlydeposited sediments overlay older rocks

Z

 Satellite image of the Yangtze (Chang Jiang) Delta, in which the land appears red. The river deposits immense quantities of silt into the East China Sea, much of which will eventually reach the deep ocean floor.

t

Newfoundland Basin

NORTH AMERICA

c t ure Zone c ino Fra

Y

4

L ab ra d or Se a

Gulf of n c h Alaska

Me n d o

X

Tropic of Capricorn Antarctic Circle

Tides and waves

13

High and low tides

Tides are created by the pull of the Sun and Moon’s gravity on the surface of the oceans. The levels of high and low tides are influenced by the position of the Moon in relation to the Earth and Sun. Waves are formed by wind blowing over the surface of the water.

Surface temperature and currents

The highest tides occur when the Earth, the Moon and the Sun are aligned (below left). The lowest tides are experienced when the Sun and Moon align at right angles to one another (below right).

Ice-shelf (below 0˚C / 32˚F) Sea-ice* (average) below -2˚C / 28˚F Sea-water -2–0˚C / 28–32˚F * Sea-water freezes at -1.9˚C / 28.4˚F

warm current cold current

14

Lowest high tides

Highest high tides

Tidal range and wave environment s Arctic Circle

Deep sea temperature and current s Arctic Circle

Earth

15

Sun

Tropic of Cancer

0–10˚C / 32–50˚F 10–20˚C / 50–68˚F 20–30˚C / 68–86˚F

Moon

Tropic of Cancer

Equator

Equator

Tropic of Capricorn

Tropic of Capricorn

Antarctic Circle

Antarctic Circle

16

Tidal bulge created by gravitational pull

Tidal range and wave environments less than 2m / 7ft 2–4m / 7–13ft greater than 4m / 13ft

N

O

east coast swell west coast swell

P

tropical cyclone storm wave

Q

Deep sea temperature and currents

ice-shelf

R

Primary currents Secondary currents

Ice-shelf (below 0˚C / 32˚F) Sea-water -2–0˚C / 28–32˚F (below 5000m / 16,400ft) Sea-water 0–5˚C / 32–41˚F (below 4000m / 13,120ft)

S

T

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xix

THE WOR LD F

G

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The global climate

Warm air rises

Southeast trade winds

P

t

S

m

nt re Eq

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ua N tor ial

O R T H Cu r re

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E A S T

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T R A D E S

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We s t

We s t Win d Dr if t Ant a rc

t i c Ci rc

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P

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A

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Climatic change The Earth is currently in a warm phase between ice ages. Warmer temperatures result in higher sea levels as more of the polar ice caps melt. Most of the world’s population lives near coasts, so any changes which might cause sea levels to rise, could have a potentially disastrous impact.

Arctic Circle 15

The greenhouse effect Gases such as carbon dioxide are known as ‘greenhouse gases’ because they allow shortwave solar radiation to enter the Earth’s atmosphere, but help to stop longwave radiation from escaping. This traps heat, raising the Earth’s temperature. An excess of these gases, such as that which results from the burning of fossil fuels, helps trap more heat and can lead to global warming.

Tropic of Cancer Equator

Incoming shortwave solar radiation

Tropic of Capricorn Antarctic Circle

below - 30˚C (-22˚F) -30 to - 20˚C (-22 to -4˚F) -20 to - 10˚C (-4 to 14˚F)

B

-10 to 0˚C (14 to 32˚F) 0 to 10˚C (32 to 50˚F) 10 to 20˚C (50 to 68˚F)

C

D

E

F

G

H

Deflected shortwave solar radiation

Deflected longwave radiation emitted by the Earth heats the atmosphere

m This ice fair, painted by Pieter Brueghel the Younger in the 17th century, shows the Little Ice Age which peaked around 300 years ago.

20 to 30˚C (68 to 86˚F) above 30˚C (86˚F)

tan

t

I E S T E R L W E S

Average July temperatures

at

S O U T H

r

T R A D E S

Antarctic Circle

xx

m

Equator

t

Ni

e

uth

July

El

P

Tropic of Capricorn

A

ry

T R A D E S

S O U T H

Equator

17

nt

na

Doldrums

Tropic of Cancer

16

Ca

E A S T Jul

C u r r e n t

Arctic Circle

14

ic

W E S T E R L I E S

ar

uar

h

Average Januar y temperatures

13

t

H

Jan

E A S T Tro p i c o f C a p r i c o r n

n

ur

rt

El Niño

ur rent quator ial C South E

D

ri a

So

The world can be divided into three major climatic zones, stretching like large belts across the latitudes: the tropics which are warm; the cold polar regions and the temperate zones which lie between them. Temperatures across the Earth range from above 30°C (86°F) in the deserts to as low as -55°C (-70°F) at the poles. Temperature is also controlled by altitude; because air becomes cooler and less dense the higher it gets, mountainous regions are typically colder than those areas which are at, or close to, sea level.

12

e

A

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July

E A S T t

C o u n t e r

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No

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No

E q u a t o r i a l

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M a

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Californi

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T R A D E S

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July

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July

Cur orial

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July

De cem

r re n

N O R T H

A

Jul

e nt

L

ren t

Cu r r

O

Bliz

Al a s k a

u N o r t h Pa c i f i c C

Doldrums

m The Antarctic pack ice expands its area by almost seven times during the winter as temperatures drop and surrounding seas freeze.

Low

k Chinoo y Januar

July

Nor ther n Equat

Temperature

Rain falls in the tropics

W E S T E R L I E S t

Equator

High

Low

January

Tropic of Cancer

8

South Pole

Arctic C ircle

7

11

High

Low

Westerlies

 Heavy fogs, as here in southern England, form as moistureladen air passes over cold ground.

10

Equator

High

6

9

North Pole

Cooled air sinks

The Earth’s atmosphere has been compared to a giant ocean of air which surrounds the planet. Its circulation patterns are similar to the currents in the oceans and are influenced by three factors; the Earth’s orbit around the Sun and rotation about its axis, and variations in the amount of heat radiation received from the Sun. If both heat and moisture were not redistributed between the Equator and the poles, large areas of the Earth would be uninhabitable.

5

M

Air does not simply flow from the Equator to the poles, it circulates in giant cells known as Hadley and Ferrel cells. As air warms it expands, becoming less dense and rising; this creates areas of low pressure. As the air rises it cools and condenses, causing heavy rainfall over the tropics and slight snowfall over the poles. This cool air then sinks, forming high pressure belts. At surface level in the tropics these sinking currents are deflected polewards as the westerlies and towards the equator as the trade winds. At the poles they become the polar easterlies.

The atmosphere, wind and weather

4

L

u

3

K

Global air circulation

The Earth’s climatic types consist of stable patterns of weather conditions averaged out over a long period of time. Different climates are categorized according to particular combinations of temperature and humidity. By contrast, weather consists of short-term fluctuations in wind, temperature and humidity conditions. Different climates are determined by latitude, altitude, the prevailing wind and circulation of ocean currents. Longer-term changes in climate, such as global warming or the onset of ice ages, are punctuated by shorter-term events which comprise the day-to-day weather of a region, such as frontal depressions, hurricanes and blizzards.

2

J

Jan uar y – Ju ly

1

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E

G

D

May

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Tornadoes

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No rth er

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Greenhouse gases prevent the escape of longwave radiation

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T H E G L O B A L C L I M AT E N

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Oceanic water circulation

 The islands of the Caribbean, Mexico’s Gulf coast and the southeastern USA are often hit by hurricanes formed far out in the Atlantic.

X

Y

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Tilt and rotation 1

The tilt and rotation of the Earth during its annual orbit largely control the distribution of heat and moisture across its surface, which correspondingly controls its large-scale weather patterns. As the Earth annually rotates around the Sun, half its surface is receiving maximum radiation, creating summer and winter seasons. The angle of the Earth means that on average the tropics receive two and a half times as much heat from the Sun each day as the poles.

In general, ocean currents parallel the movement of winds across the Earth’s surface. Incoming solar energy is greatest at the Equator and least at the poles. So, water in the oceans heats up most at the Equator and flows polewards, cooling as it moves north or south towards the Arctic or Antarctic. The flow is eventually reversed and cold water currents move back towards the Equator. These ocean currents act as a vast system for moving heat from the Equator towards the poles and are a major influence on the distribution of the Earth’s climates.

m In marginal climatic zones years of drought can completely dry out the land and transform grassland to desert.

2

Earth’s orbit

Earth’s axis tilted

3

Map key Climate zones ice cap subarctic tundra continental temperate warm temperate

Ocean currents

Prevailing winds

warm cold

warm cold

mediterranean semi-arid arid hot humid humid equatorial tropical

Day

Rays from the Sun

Local winds

Night

warm cold seasonal* * (seasonal winds which can either be warm or cold)

4

June

The Coriolis effect Jul

l

y

Ja

ry J a nua

uary

Jan

ly Ju

sin am

A

w

Cu

r

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Tro p i c o f C a n c e r

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Equ

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Maximum deflection at South Pole

atorial

7

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ch

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Qu een sla n

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January

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10

Tro p i c o f C a p r i co r n

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m Monsoon rains, which affect southern Asia from May to September, are caused by sea winds blowing across the warm land.

nu ar y

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Janua

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Jul July ary

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s ne ca r ri Hu

Be

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Equator

S M o o u t h E q u at o r i a l Cu r re nt ns oo nO ct ob er –

M

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an

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A

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8

When warm air expands, it rises and cools, and the water vapour it carries condenses to form clouds. Heavy, regular rainfall is characteristic of the equatorial region, while the poles are cold and receive only slight snowfall. Tropical regions have marked dry and rainy seasons, while in the temperate regions rainfall is relatively unpredictable.

li

R

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Doldrums

ea

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T R A D E S

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Equator ial Cur ren

– M e r o b t O c

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Jul

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s Au

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Ju

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M o n s o o n

N o r t h e a s t

Ju Janu

en

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ua

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ly

E A S T

E q u a t o r i a l C o u n t e r Cu r re nt

Doldrums

So Ju

l Counter C urr

W

Jan

Ja

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ria

Januar

nu

o at

Precipitation

Current

N O R T H

Jan

bo

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Ha

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Ja

January

Deflection to left in southern hemisphere, creates southeast trade winds

N

O

y–

Mo n s o

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n

ua

ul

July

Jan

ela C urrent

Westerlies

oo

Ju

Jul

y

11

m Heavy tropical rainstorms occur frequently in Papua New Guinea, often causing soil erosion and landslides in cultivated areas.

Ju

st We

ly

Dr if t

Wind

6

No deflection at Equator

Polar easterlies

uary

5

Direction of Earth’s rotation

Deflection to right in northern hemisphere, creates northeast trade winds

ly

Jan

p

The rotation of the Earth influences atmospheric circulation by deflecting winds and ocean currents. Winds blowing in the northern hemisphere are deflected to the right and those in the southern hemisphere are deflected to the left, creating large-scale patterns of wind circulation, such as the northeast and southeast trade winds and the westerlies. This effect is greatest at the poles and least at the Equator. Maximum deflection at North pole

t ren

ph

Southwe s t M on soon

o

Ty

January

January

Si

July

y ar

y

u Jan

r

Kh

ly

January

y

y

Jul

c c o

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January

Jul

uar

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E Ju tesi ne an –O cto be

ary

ly

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Bor a

Föhn

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Jul

S i r o

Bo

Ju

y

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ary

Jan

Jul

Mistral

Janu

uar

Ku

a n B u r

nu

Jan

ri lSe p temb er

July

m The wide range of environments found in the Andes is strongly related to their altitude, which modifies climatic influences. While the peaks are snow-capped, many protected interior valleys are semi-tropical.

cl e

y

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ir Arc ti c C

Ju

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Average Januar y rainfall

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We s t W ind Dr ift S

12

Arctic Circle

Tropic of Cancer

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A

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Ant arc t

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Equator i c Circ l

e

Tropic of Capricorn

S

Antarctic Circle

14

Average July rainfall

m The intensity of some blizzards in Canada and the northern USA can give rise to snowdrifts as high as 10 ft (3 m).

m The Atacama Desert in Chile is one of the driest places on Earth, with an average rainfall of less than 2 inches (50 mm) per year.

When moist air is forced to rise by mountains, it cools and the water vapour falls as precipitation, either as rain or snow. Only the dry, cold air continues over the mountains, leaving inland areas with little or no rain. This is called the rainshadow effect and is one reason for the existence of the Mojave Desert in California, which lies east of the Coast Ranges. N

O

P

m Violent thunderstorms occur along advancing cold fronts, when cold, dry air masses meet warm, moist air, which rises rapidly, its moisture condensing into thunderclouds. Rain and hail become electrically charged, causing lightning.

Moist air travels inland from the sea

The rainshadow effect

Arctic Circle

As air rises it cools and condenses leading to cloud

15 Tropic of Cancer Equator

Dry air in ‘shadow’ of mountain

Tropic of Capricorn

16

Antarctic Circle

0–25 mm (0–1 in) 25–50 mm (1–2 in) 50–100 mm (2–4 in)

The rainshadow effect Q

R

S

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V

100–200 mm (4–8 in) 200–300 mm (8–12 in) 300–400 mm (12–16 in)

W

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400–500 mm (16–20 in) above 500 mm (20 in)

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17

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xxi

THE WOR LD A

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Life on Earth

1

Biogeographical regions

A unique combination of an oxygen-rich atmosphere and plentiful water is the key to life on Earth. Apart from the polar ice caps, there are few areas which have not been colonized by animals or plants over the course of the Earth’s history. Plants process sunlight to provide them with their energy, and ultimately all the Earth’s animals rely on plants for survival. Because of this reliance, plants are known as primary producers, and the availability of nutrients and temperature of an area is defined as its primary productivity, which affects the quantity and type of animals which are able to live there. This index is affected by climatic factors – cold and aridity restrict the quantity of life, whereas warmth and regular rainfall allow a greater diversity of species.

2

3

The Earth can be divided into a series of biogeographical regions, or biomes, ecological communities where certain species of plant and animal co-exist within particular climatic conditions. Within these broad classifications, other factors including soil richness, altitude and human activities such as urbanization, intensive agriculture and deforestation, affect the local distribution of living species within each biome.

Polar regions A layer of permanent ice at the Earth’s poles covers both seas and land. Very little plant and animal life can exist in these harsh regions.

4

5

Broadleaf forests A desolate region, with long, dark freezing winters and short, cold summers. With virtually no soil and large areas of permanently frozen ground known as permafrost, the tundra is largely treeless, though it is briefly clothed by small flowering plants in the summer months.

Needleleaf forests With milder summers than the tundra and less wind, these areas are able to support large forests of coniferous trees.

Arctic Circ le

Deserts

In warmer wetter areas, such as southern China, temperate deciduous forests are replaced by evergreen forest.

Deserts are areas with negligible rainfall. Most hot deserts lie within the tropics; cold deserts are dry because of their distance from the moisture-providing sea.

A

na dian Shield

lains

ky M ount a

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an ope Eur North

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Ro c 9

Me dite r ra

ATLANTIC

Tropic of Cancer

nea

hiz irg

Gobi

H

n Se a

S ahara

10

ircle Arctic C

Steppe

Takla Makan Desert

im

Thar Desert

An Nafud

Car ibbean Sea

Hot, dry summers and short winters typify these areas, which were once covered by evergreen shrubs and woodland, but have now been cleared by humans for agriculture.

a S i b e r i

in Pla

OCEAN

Mediterranean

N

A

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at P

8

Temperate rainforests

Greenland

ins

7

Much of the northern hemisphere was once covered by deciduous forests, which occurred in areas with marked seasonal variations. Most deciduous forests have been cleared for human settlement.

K

Tundra

6

Arabian Peninsula

ala

yas

Tropic of Cancer

Deccan

PAC I F I C

Sahel

P A C I F I C

OCEAN Equator

Equator

Congo Basin

Amazon Basin

O C E A N

INDIAN

11

n

de

s

Tropic of Capricorn

OCEAN

ATLANTIC

o

Gran Ch ac

A

Kalahari Desert

OCEAN

Great Victoria Desert

Tropic of Capricorn

Pa mp as

12

World biomes

World biomes

(continued)

polar tundra needleleaf forest broadleaf forest temperate rainforest temperate grassland cold desert

13

Ant a rc

t i c Ci rc

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mediterranean hot desert tropical grassland dry woodland tropical rainforest mountain wetland

Antarcti c Circle

A

14

15

Tropical and temperate grasslands The major grassland areas are found in the centres of the larger continental landmasses. In Africa’s tropical savannah regions, seasonal rainfall alternates with drought. Temperate grasslands, also known as steppes and prairies are found in the northern hemisphere, and in South America, where they are known as the pampas.

16

17

A

xxii

B

C

Wetlands Dry woodlands

Tropical rainforests

Trees and shrubs, adapted to dry conditions, grow widely spaced from one another, interspersed by savannah grasslands.

Characterized by year-round warmth and high rainfall, tropical rainforests contain the highest diversity of plant and animal species on Earth.

D

E

F

G

Mountains Though the lower slopes of mountains may be thickly forested, only groundhugging shrubs and other vegetation will grow above the tree line which varies according to both altitude and latitude. H

I

J

Rarely lying above sea level, wetlands are marshes, swamps and tidal flats. Some, with their moist, fertile soils, are rich feeding grounds for fish and breeding grounds for birds. Others have little soil structure and are too acidic to support much plant and animal life. K

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LIFE ON EARTH N

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Biodiversity

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Animal adaptation

The number of plant and animal species, and the range of genetic diversity within the populations of each species, make up the Earth’s biodiversity. The plants and animals which are endemic to a region – that is, those which are found nowhere else in the world – are also important in determining levels of biodiversity. Human settlement and intervention have encroached on many areas of the world once rich in endemic plant and animal species. Increasing international efforts are being made to monitor and conserve the biodiversity of the Earth’s remaining wild places.

Y

Z

Polar animals 1

The frozen wastes of the polar regions are able to support only a small range of species which derive their nutritional requirements from the sea. Animals such as the walrus (left) have developed insulating fat, stocky limbs and double-layered coats to enable them to survive in the freezing conditions.

The degree of an animal’s adaptability to different climates and conditions is extremely important in ensuring its success as a species. Many animals, particularly the largest mammals, are becoming restricted to ever-smaller regions as human development and modern agricultural practices reduce their natural habitats. In contrast, humans have been responsible – both deliberately and accidentally – for the spread of some of the world’s most successful species. Many of these introduced species are now more numerous than the indigenous animal populations.

2

3

Diversit y of animal species 4

5

Desert animals Marine biodiversity

Many animals which live in the extreme heat and aridity of the deserts are able to survive for days and even months with very little food or water. Their bodies are adapted to lose heat quickly and to store fat and water. The Gila monster (above) stores fat in its tail.

The oceans support a huge variety of different species, from the world’s largest mammals like whales and dolphins down to the tiniest plankton. The greatest diversities occur in the warmer seas of continental shelves, where plants are easily able to photosynthesize, and around coral reefs, where complex ecosystems are found. On the ocean floor, nematodes can exist at a depth of more than 10,000 ft (3000 m) below sea level.

Number of animal species per country more than 2000 1000–1999 700–999 400–699 200–399 100–199 0–99

Amazon rainforest The vast Amazon Basin is home to the world’s greatest variety of animal species. Animals are adapted to live at many different levels from the treetops to the tangled undergrowth which lies beneath the canopy. The sloth (below) hangs upside down in the branches. Its fur grows from its stomach to its back to enable water to run off quickly.

data not available

High altitudes Few animals exist in the rarefied atmosphere of the highest mountains. However, birds of prey such as eagles and vultures (above), with their superb eyesight can soar as high as 23,000 ft (7000 m) to scan for prey below.

Urban animals

Endemic species

The growth of cities has reduced the amount of habitat available to many species. A number of animals are now moving closer into urban areas to scavenge from the detritus of the modern city (left). Rodents, particularly rats and mice, have existed in cities for thousands of years, and many insects, especially moths, quickly develop new colouring to provide them with camouflage.

Isolated areas such as Australia and the island of Madagascar, have the greatest range of endemic species. In Australia, these include marsupials such as the kangaroo (below), which carry their young in pouches on their bodies. Destruction of habitat, pollution, hunting, and predators introduced by humans, are threatening this unique biodiversity.

6

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8

9

10

Plant adaptation Environmental conditions, particularly climate, soil type and the extent of competition with other organisms, influence the development of plants into a number of distinctive forms. Similar conditions in quite different parts of the world create similar adaptations in the plants, which may then be modified by other, local, factors specific to the region.

Cold conditions

Rainforests

In areas where temperatures rarely rise above freezing, plants such as lichens (left) and mosses grow densely, close to the ground.

Most of the world’s largest and oldest plants are found in rainforests; warmth and heavy rainfall provide ideal conditions for vast plants like the world’s largest flower, the rafflesia (left).

11

12

Hot, dry conditions Arid conditions lead to the development of plants whose surface area has been reduced to a minimum to reduce water loss. In cacti (above), which can survive without water for months, leaves are minimal or not present at all.

Diversit y of plant species

Ancient plants Some of the world’s most primitive plants still exist today, including algae, cycads and many ferns (above), reflecting the success with which they have adapted to changing conditions.

13

14

15

Number of plant species per country

Resisting predators A great variety of plants have developed devices including spines (above), poisons, stinging hairs and an unpleasant taste or smell to deter animal predators. N

O

Weeds

data not available

P

Q

16

Weeds such as bindweed (above) are fast-growing, easily dispersed, and tolerant of a number of different environments, enabling them to quickly colonize suitable habitats. They are among the most adaptable of all plants.

more than 50,000 7000–49,999 3000–6999 2000–2999 1000–1999 600–999 0–599

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THE WOR LD A

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Population and settlement

1

2

The Earth’s population is projected to rise from its current level of about 7.2 billion to reach some 10.5 billion by 2050. The global distribution of this rapidly growing population is very uneven, and is dictated by climate, terrain and natural and economic resources. The great majority of the Earth’s people live in coastal zones, and along river valleys. Deserts cover over 20% of the Earth’s surface, but support less than 5% of the world’s population. It is estimated that over half of the world’s population live in cities – most of them in Asia – as a result of mass migration from rural areas in search of jobs. Many of these people live in the so-called ‘megacities’, some with populations as great as 40 million.

3

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The past 200 years have seen the most radical shift in world population patterns in recorded history.

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North America

Europe

The eastern and western seaboards of the USA, with huge expanses of interconnected cities, towns and suburbs, are vast, densely-populated megalopolises. Central America and the Caribbean also have high population densities. Yet, away from the coasts and in the wildernesses of northern Canada the land is very sparsely settled.

With its temperate climate, and rich mineral and natural resources, Europe is generally very densely settled. The continent acts as a magnet for economic migrants from the developing world, and immigration is now widely restricted. Birth rates in Europe are generally low, and in some countries, such as Germany, the populations have stabilized at zero growth, with a fast-growing elderly population.

m North America’s central plains, the continent’s agricultural heartland, are thinly populated and highly productive.

m Many European cities, like Siena, once reflected the ‘ideal’ size for human settlements. Modern technological advances have enabled them to grow far beyond the original walls.

M

m Within the denselypopulated Netherlands the reclamation of coastal wetlands is vital to provide much-needed land for agriculture and settlement.

(inhabitants per sq km) 200–1000 100–200 50–100 20–50 10–20 5-10 1–5 Less than 1

All the world’s peoples were hunter-gatherers 10,000 years ago. Today nomads, who live by following available food resources, account for less than 0.0001% of the world’s population. They are mainly pastoral herders, moving their livestock from place to place in search of grazing land.

7

I

Population density

Nomadic life

6

H

m Vancouver on Canada’s west coast, grew up as a port city. In recent years it has attracted many Asian immigrants, particularly from the Pacific Rim.

Patterns of settlement

5

G

Europe

North America Population World land area

11% 7.1%

8

Africa

Population World land area

8% 17% 9

Nomadic population area

10

The growth of cities In 1900 there were only 14 cities in the world with populations of more than a million, mostly in the northern hemisphere. Today, as more and more people in the developing world migrate to towns and cities, there are over 70 cities whose population exceeds 5 million, and around 490 million-cities.

11

Population World land area

South America

Nomadic population

14% 20.2%

Most settlement in South America is clustered in a narrow belt in coastal zones and in the northern Andes. During the 20th century, cities such as São Paulo and Buenos Aires grew enormously, acting as powerful economic magnets to the rural population. Shanty towns have grown up on the outskirts of many major cities to house these immigrants, often lacking basic amenities.

South America

Million-cities in 19 0 0 12

m Many people in western South America live at high altitudes in the Andes, both in cities and in villages such as this one in Bolivia.

13

m Venezuela is one of the most highly urbanized countries in South America, with nearly 90% of the population living in cities such as Caracas.

Population World land area

6% 11.8%

Africa 14

Asia

Million-cities in 1900 Cities over 1 million population

Million-cities in 20 05 15

The arid climate of much of Africa means that settlement of the continent is sparse, focusing in coastal areas and fertile regions such as the Nile Valley. Africa still has a high proportion of nomadic agriculturalists, although many are now becoming settled, and the population is predominantly rural.

Most Asian settlement originally centred around the great river valleys such as the Indus, the Ganges and the Yangtze. Today, almost 60% of the world’s population lives in Asia, many in burgeoning cities – particularly in the economically-buoyant Pacific Rim countries. Even rural population densities are high in many countries; practices such as terracing in Southeast Asia making the most of the available land.

m Traditional lifestyles and homes persist across much of Africa, which has a higher proportion of rural or village-based population than any other continent.

m Many of China’s cities are now vast urban areas with populations of more than 5 million people.

16

m Cities such as Nairobi (above), Cairo and Johannesburg have grown rapidly in recent years, although only Cairo has a significant population on a global scale.

Million-cities in 2005

17

Cities over 1 million population

A

xxiv

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

m This stilt village in Bangladesh is built to resist the regular flooding. Pressure on land, even in rural areas, forces many people to live in marginal areas. K

L

M

P O P U L AT I O N A N D S E T T L E M E N T N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

Population structures

Population growth

Population pyramids are an effective means of showing the age structures of different countries, and highlighting changing trends in population growth and decline. The typical pyramid for a country with a growing, youthful population, is broad-based (left), reflecting a high birth rate and a far larger number of young rather than elderly people. In contrast, countries with populations whose numbers are stabilizing have a more balanced distribution of people in each age band, and may even have lower numbers of people in the youngest age ranges, indicating both a high life expectancy, and that the population is now barely replacing itself (right). The Russian Federation (centre) shows a marked decline in population due to a combination of a high death rate and low birth rate. The government has taken steps to reverse this trend by providing improved child support and health care. Immigration is also seen as vital to help sustain the population.

Improvements in food supply and advances in medicine have both played a major role in the remarkable growth in global population, which has increased five-fold over the last 150 years. Food supplies have risen with the mechanization of agriculture and improvements in crop yields. Better nutrition, together with higher standards of public health and sanitation, have led to increased longevity and higher birth rates.

Declining population

(India)

Males

(Russian Federation)

Males

Females

80+ 70–79 60–69 50–59 40–49 30–39 20–29 10–19 0–9

Males

2

50–59 40–49 30–39 20–29 10–19 0–9

12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12

3

4

0 1500

20 16 12 8

Population in millions

Population in millions

4

Females

80+ 70–79 60–69

70–79 60–69 50–59 40–49 30–39 20–29 10–19 0–9

100 80 60 40 20 0 20 40 60 80 100

6

(United States of America)

Females

80+

8

World population growth 1500 to present day

Ageing population

2

billion people

Youthful population

1

4

0

4

8

1600

1800

1700

1900

2000

12 16 20

Population in millions 5

World nutrition

Asia

Two-thirds of the world’s food supply is consumed by the industrialized nations, many of which have a daily calorific intake far higher than is necessary for their populations to maintain a healthy body weight. In contrast, in the developing world, about 800 million people do not have enough food to meet their basic nutritional needs.

Population World land area

60% 29.1%

6

7

8

Daily calorie intake per capita above 3000 2500–2999

2000–2499 below 2000

data not available

9

World life expectancy Improved public health and living standards have greatly increased life expectancy in the developed world, where people can now expect to live twice as long as they did 100 years ago. In many of the world’s poorest nations, inadequate nutrition and disease, means that the average life expectancy still does not exceed 45 years.

Australasia & Oceania

10

Population World land area

11

1% 5.9%

Antarctica

12

Population World land area

Life expectancy at birth

0% 8.9%

above 75 years 65–74 years

Australasia and Oceania This is the world’s most sparsely settled region. The peoples of Australia and New Zealand live mainly in the coastal cities, with only scattered settlements in the arid interior. The Pacific islands can only support limited populations because of their remoteness and lack of resources.

13

55–64 years 45–54 years

below 44 years data not available

Average world birth rates

World infant mortality

Birth rates are much higher in Africa, Asia and South America than in Europe and North America. Increased affluence and easy access to contraception are both factors which can lead to a significant decline in a country’s birth rate.

In parts of the developing world infant mortality rates are still high; access to medical services such as immunization, adequate nutrition and the promotion of breast-feeding have been important in combating infant mortality.

14

 Brisbane, on Australia’s Gold Coast is the most rapidly expanding city in the country. The great majority of Australia’s population lives in cities near the coasts.

15

16

 The remote highlands of Papua New Guinea are home to a wide variety of peoples, many of whom still subsist by traditional hunting and gathering. N

O

P

Q

World infant mortality rates (deaths per 1000 live births)

Number of births (per 1000 people) above 40 30–39

R

20–29 below 20

S

data not available

T

above 125 75–124

U

V

W

35–74 15–34

17

below 15 data not available

X

Y

Z

xxv

THE WOR LD A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

The economic system

1

2

4

M

Trade blocs

The wealthy countries of the developed world, with their aggressive, market-led economies and their access to productive new technologies and international markets, dominate the world economic system. At the other extreme, many of the countries of the developing world are locked in a cycle of national debt, rising populations and unemployment. In 2008 a major financial crisis swept the world’s banking sector leading to a huge downturn in the global economy. Despite this, China overtook Japan in 2010 to become the world’s second largest economy.

3

L

International trade blocs are formed when groups of countries, often already enjoying close military and political ties, join together to offer mutually preferential terms of trade for both imports and exports. Increasingly, global trade is dominated by three main blocs: the EU, NAFTA, and ASEAN. They are supplanting older trade blocs such as the Commonwealth, a legacy of colonialism.

Trade blocs NAFTA SADC

EU CACM

ASEAN ECOWAS

LAIA CEEAC

International trade flows World trade acts as a stimulus to national economies, encouraging growth. Over the last three decades, as heavy industries have declined, services – banking, insurance, tourism, airlines and shipping – have taken an increasingly large share of world trade. Manufactured articles now account for nearly two-thirds of world trade; raw materials and food make up less than a quarter of the total.

5

6

7

Shipping

Multinationals

Primary products

Ships carry 80% of international cargo, and extensive container ports, where cargo is stored, are vital links in the international transport network.

Multinational companies are increasingly penetrating inaccessible markets. The reach of many American commodities is now global.

Many countries, particularly in the Caribbean and Africa, are still reliant on primary products such as rubber and coffee, which makes them vulnerable to fluctuating prices.

Service industries Service industries such as banking, tourism and insurance were the fastest-growing industrial sector in the last half of the 20th century. Lloyds of London is the centre of the world insurance market.

8

9

10

Balance of trade

11

(millions US$) over 30,000 10,000–29,000 1000–9999 0-999 0–999 1000-9999 10,000–29,999 over 30,000

12

Direct foreign investment

Surplus

from USA

Deficit

from UK

data unavailable

from Japan

World money markets The financial world has traditionally been dominated by three major centres – Tokyo, New York and London, which house the headquarters of stock exchanges, multinational corporations and international banks. Their geographic location means that, at any one time in a 24-hour day, one major market is open for trading in shares, currencies and commodities. Since the late 1980s, technological advances have enabled transactions between financial centres to occur at evergreater speed, and new markets have sprung up throughout the world.

13

14

Major money market s

New stock markets

The developing world

New stock markets are now opening in many parts of the world, where economies have recently emerged from state controls. In Moscow and Beijing, and several countries in eastern Europe, newly-opened stock exchanges reflect the transition to market-driven economies.

International trade in capital and currency is dominated by the rich nations of the northern hemisphere. In parts of Africa and Asia, where exports of any sort are extremely limited, home-produced commodities are simply sold in local markets.

m Dealers at the Kolkata Stock Market. The Indian economy has been opened up to foreign investment and many multinationals now have bases there.

m Markets have thrived in communist Vietnam since the introduction of a liberal economic policy.

15

London New York

Kolkata

Tokyo

16

m The Tokyo Stock Market crashed in 1990, leading to slow-down in the growth of the world’s most powerful economy, and a refocusing on economic policy away from export-led growth and towards the domestic market.

Location of major stock markets

17

Major stock markets

A

xxvi

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

T H E ECO N O M I C SYS T E M N

O

P

Q

R

S

World wealth disparity A global assessment of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by nation reveals great disparities. The developed world, with only a quarter of the world’s population, has 80% of the world’s manufacturing income. Civil war, conflict and political instability further undermine the economic self-sufficiency of many of the world’s poorest nations.

Urban sprawl Cities are expanding all over the developing world, attracting economic migrants in search of work and opportunities. In cities such as Rio de Janeiro, housing has not kept pace with the population explosion, and squalid shanty towns (favelas) rub shoulders with middle-class housing.

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

Urban decay

Booming cities

Although the USA still dominates the global economy, it faces deficits in both the federal budget and the balance of trade. Vast discrepancies in personal wealth, high levels of unemployment, and the dismantling of welfare provisions throughout the 1980s have led to severe deprivation in several of the inner cities of North America’s industrial heartland.

Since the 1980s the Chinese government has set up special industrial zones, such as Shanghai, where foreign investment is encouraged through tax incentives. Migrants from rural China pour into these regions in search of work, creating ‘boomtown’ economies.

1

2

 Foreign investment has encouraged new infrastructure development in cities like Shanghai.

m Cities such as Detroit have been badly hit by the decline in heavy industry.

3

Economic ‘tigers’

Comparative world wealth

The economic ‘tigers’ of the Pacific Rim – China, Singapore, and South Korea – have grown faster than Europe and the USA over the last decade. Their exportand service-led economies have benefited from stable government, low labour costs, and foreign investment.

4

5

6

m The favelas of Rio de Janeiro sprawl over the hills surrounding the city.

7

m Hong Kong, with its fine natural harbour, is one of the most important ports in Asia.

Agricultural economies In parts of the developing world, people survive by subsistence farming – only growing enough food for themselves and their families. With no surplus product, they are unable to exchange goods for currency, the only means of escaping the poverty trap. In other countries, farmers have been encouraged to concentrate on growing a single crop for the export market. This reliance on cash crops leaves farmers vulnerable to crop failure and to changes in the market price of the crop.

The affluent West

World economies average GDP per capita (US$)

8

The capital cities of many countries in the developed world are showcases for consumer goods, reflecting the increasing importance of the service sector, and particularly the retail sector, in the world economy. The idea of shopping as a leisure activity is unique to the western world. Luxury goods and services attract visitors, who in turn generate tourist revenue.

above 20,000 5000–20,000 2000–5000 below 2000 data unavailable

m The Ugandan uplands are fertile, but poor infrastructure hampers the export of cash crops.

9

10

m A shopping arcade in Paris displays a great profusion of luxury goods.

Tourism

Money flows

In 2004, there were over 940 million tourists worldwide. Tourism is now the world’s biggest single industry, employing 130 million people, though frequently in low-paid unskilled jobs. While tourists are increasingly exploring inaccessible and less-developed regions of the world, the benefits of the industry are not always felt at a local level. There are also worries about the environmental impact of tourism, as the world’s last wildernesses increasingly become tourist attractions.

In 2008 a global financial crisis swept through the world’s economic system. The crisis triggered the failure of several major financial institutions and lead to increased borrowing costs known as the “credit crunch”. A consequent reduction in economic activity together with rising inflation forced many governments to introduce austerity measures to reduce borrowing and debt, particulary in Europe where massive “bailouts” were needed to keep some European single currency (Euro) countries solvent.

m Botswana’s Okavango Delta is an area rich in wildlife. Tourists make safaris to the region, but the impact of tourism is controlled.

Tourist arrivals

 In rural Southeast Asia, babies are given medical checks by UNICEF as part of a global aid programme sponsored by the UN.

11

12

13

International debt

14

15

16

International debt (as percentage of GNI)

Tourist arrivals over 20 million 10–20 million

N

5–10 million 2.5–5 million

O

P

1–2.5 million 700,000–999,000

under 700,000 data unavailable

Q

R

over 100% 70–99%

S

T

50–69% 30–49%

U

10–29% below 10%

V

17

data unavailable

W

X

Y

Z

xxvii

THE WOR LD A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

The political world

1

2

3

5

J

K

Most densely populated country

Vatican City: 0.17 sq miles (0.44 sq km)

Russian Federation: 12,427 miles (20,000 km) Largest country

Canada/USA: 5526 miles (8893 km)

Russian Federation: 6,592,735 sq miles (17,075,200 sq km)

Most populous City

Tokyo: 37,800,000 people

Most sparsely populated country

Mongolia: 5 people per sq mile (2 people per sq km)

Most populous country

China: 1,393,800,000 people

Largest island country

Smallest island country

Australia: 2,967,893 sq miles (7,686,850 sq km)

ARC O C ET I C AN Arctic C ircle

Nauru: 8.2 sq miles (21.2 sq km)

Greenland (to Denmark)

Baffin Bay

USA

(Alaska)

Bering S ea

Jan Mayen (to Norway)

Reykjavik ICELAND

Hu d s on Bay

C A N A

M

Longest land borders

Longest single land border

There are 196 independent countries in the world today. With the exception of Antarctica, where territorial claims have been deferred by international treaty, every land area of the Earth’s surface either belongs to, or is claimed by, one country or another. The largest country in the world is the Russian Federation, the smallest is Vatican City. Some 60 overseas dependent territories remain, administered variously by France, Australia, Denmark, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, the UK, the US and the Netherlands.

The map shows three main types of boundary between states. Full borders represent internationally agreed and recognized territorial boundaries. Undefined borders exist where no fixed boundary between states has been demarcated; the boundaries indicated in this way show approximate areas of sovereignty. A disputed border is indicated where a de facto territorial boundary exists, which is not S) Aleutian Is (to U agreed or is subject to arbitration.

L

Smallest country

Monaco: 49,267 people per sq mile (18,949 people per sq km)

International borders 4

I

Faroe Islands (to Denmark)

D A

UNITED KINGDOM IRELAND

St Pierre & Miquelon (to France)

U N I T E D S TAT E S OF AMERICA

Azores (to Portugal)

Gibraltar (to UK)

Los Angeles

Ceuta (to Spain) Melilla (to Spain)

Dallas

Monterrey

Tropic of Cancer

MEXICO

Baker & Howland Is (to US) Equator

NA

SENEGAL Dakar MALI GAMBIA Bamako BURKINA FASO GUINEAGUINEA BISSAU

IVORY SIERRA LEONE COAST Yamoussoukro LIBERIA Abidjan Accra

G U YA N

Palmyra Atoll (to US)

Nouakchott CAPE VERDE

GHA

Clipperton Island (to French Polynesia)

A

COLOMBIA

Quito Jarvis I (to US)

I

R

I

B

A

Galápagos Is (to Ecuador)

T

ECUADOR Fernando de Noronha (to Brazil)

I

B

P E

Cook Islands (to NZ)

Lima

Z

I

L

Ascension (to UK)

Recife

AT L A N T I C

Salvador

PAC I F IC O CEAN

Lake Titicaca La Paz

Belo Horizonte

AG UA Y

I

Kermadec Islands (to NZ)

Santiago

L

Juan Fernandez Islands (to Chile)

14

Borders

URUGUAY Montevideo

Gough Island (to Tristan da Cunha)

Chatham Islands (to NZ)

undefined borders

Tristan da Cunha (to UK)

Buenos Aires

E

Map key

full borders

Rio de Janeiro

Asuncion

A I N N T A R G E

San Felix Island (to Chile) San Ambrosio Island (to Chile)

Sala y Gomez (to Chile)

Easter Island (to Chile)

São Paulo

Trindade (to Brazil)

H

Pitcair n, Henderson, Ducie & Oeno Islands (to UK)

St Helena (to UK)

BOLIVIA R PA

Tropic of Capricorn

O CEAN

Brasilia

C

French Poly nesia (to France)

Niue TONGA (to NZ)

15

A

U

SAMOA Wallis & Futuna American (to France) Samoa (to US)

13

R

R

Tokelau (to NZ)

Falkland Islands (to UK)

South Georgia & South Sandwich Islands (to UK)

disputed borders indication of country extent (island territories only) indication of dependent territory extent (island territories only)

16

South Orkney Islands South Shetland Islands

O

S

Political status Settlements

M E X I C O : independent state

17

R

TA

RI

Ca

9

O

Gibraltar (to UK): self-governing dependent territory

capital city

Laccadive Is (to India): non self-governing

major city

dependent territory, with parent state indicated

other city

U

E

H

T

R

Peter I Island (to Norway)

c Circle Antarcti

A Ronne Ice Shelf

e Ross Icelf Sh

A

xxviii

Rabat O C C

U

Revillagigedo Islands (to Mexico)

12

WESTERN SAHARA (occupied by Morocco)

Guadalajara

Johnston Atoll (to US)

K

Canary Islands (to Spain)

Turks & Caicos Is (to UK) Havana Puerto Rico (to US) C UBA Virgin Is Cayman Is British Virgin Is (to UK) Mexico City (to US) (to UK) Anguilla (to UK) HAITI DOM. r i JAMAICA REP. ANTIGUA & BARBUDA b Guadeloupe (to France) BELIZE b e a I. ST KITTS & n S Navassa DOMINICA GUATEMALA e a (to US) NEVISMontserrat Martinique (to France) HONDURAS Guatemala City Curaçao (to UK) ST LUCIA (Neth.) ST VINCENT & THE GRENADINES EL SALVADOR Managua Aruba BARBADOS (Neth.) GRENADA NICARAGUA Caracas TRINIDAD & TOBAGO COSTA RICA PANAMA VENEZUELA Georgetown SURINAME Bogotá French Guiana (to France)

Hawaii (to US)

Kingman Reef (to US)

THE BAHAMAS

Casablanca

M

8

Gulf of Mexico

AT L A N T I C O CEAN

O

Guadalupe (to Mexico)

Madeira (to Portugal)

Madrid SPAIN

M

Bermuda (to UK)

Midway Islands (to US)

Lisbon

A

San Francisco

A

7

Lake Ottawa Montreal Lake Huron Michigan Toronto Lake Chicago Ontar io Lake New York Er ie Washington, DC

PORTUG AL

Seattle

PAC I F IC O CEAN

London

Lake Super ior

NI

6

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

THE POLITICAL WOR LD N

O

P

Q

R

The world in 1914

S

T

U

V

Percentage of Earth’s land surface controlled by colonial empires in 1914

The early years of the 20th century saw the mainly European colonial empires reaching their greatest extents by 1914. Two world wars inaugurated their disintegration, but even in 1950 there were only 82 independent countries. Since then, over 100 have gained their independence, culminating in the breakup of the Soviet Union and former Yugoslavia in the early 1990s.

Independent: 29.8%

W

X

Y

Colonial empires in 1914

1

Chinese: 6% Ottoman: 1.5% Russian: 15%

French: 7.7%

Portuguese: 1%

Belgian: 1.6%

Spanish: 1%

2

Italian: 1.8% German: 1.6% Japanese: 0.4% United States: 7.6%

British: 21.5%

Dutch: 1.4% Danish: 1.5%

3

TIC ARC AN E C O

T I O N F E D E R A

W

EN

A

Y

R U S S I A N

SWE

Se

a

St Petersburg

of

O

Lak e Ba ika l

Moscow

kh

POLAND BELARUS NETH. Berlin GERMANY Kiev Warsaw BELGIUM CZECH REP. LUX. UKRAINE Paris LIECH. Vienna SLOVAKIA FRANCE Budapest MOLDOVA AUSTRIA

Ulan Bator

Harbin

A M O N G O L I

(annexed by Russia, 2014)

pi

an

Sea

Damascus JORDAN

Cairo

BAHRAIN

R

LIBYA

Riyadh

e

EGYPT

an

P

i

KUWAIT

rs

ALGERIA

d

Gu

QATAR

lf

UAE

Yaounde

ETHIOPIA Juba

RWANDA

Kuala Lumpur

ANGOLA

9 Guam (to US)

MARSHALL ISLANDS MICRONESIA

P A L AU

SC

Q

BIA

Pretoria

Johannesburg SWAZILAND

DA

BOTSWANA

Tromelin (to Réunion) Antananarivo

Réunion (to France)

MA

MI

MOZ

NA

ZIMBABWE

BI

Rodrigues (to Mauritius)

MAURITIUS

D

O

N

E

S

I

NAU RU

P A P UA NEW GUINEA

A

Surabaya Cocos (Keeling) Islands (to Australia)

Mayotte (to France)

UE

GA

Harare

AM

Lusaka

N

K I RI BAT I

Jakarta

Agalega Islands (to Mauritius)

COMOROS

MALAWI Lilongwe

ZAMBIA

Christmas Island (to Australia)

SOLOM ON ISL ANDS

EAST TIMOR

TUVAL U

Ashmore & Cartier Islands (to Australia)

Coral Sea Islands (to Australia)

INDIAN O CEAN

12

VANUATU

New Cale doni a (to France)

FIJI

Tropic of Capricorn

Maputo

13

A U S T R A L I A

LESOTHO

Bloemfontein

Wake Island (to US)

Nor thern Mariana Is (to US)

Java Sea

British Indian Ocean Territory (to UK)

TANZANIA Lake Nyasa

8

M A L A Y S I A

I

SEYCHELLES Dar es Salaam

Luanda

Gaborone

Tropic of Cancer

SINGAPORE

Dodoma

Lake Tangany ika

Windhoek

MALDIVES

Nairobi

Lake Victor ia

BURUNDI

ANGOLA (Cabinda)

BRUNEI

Mogadishu

AR

Kinshasa

Ryukyu Islands (to Japan)

Taipei

U

NG

Brazzaville

Chongqing

BHUTAN

L

KENYA

G

D E M . R E P. CONGO

CO

SAO TOME & GABON PRINCIPE

AN

DA

S

EP A

SRI LANKA

O

Bangui

O

Libreville

IA

SOUTH SUDAN

N

New Delhi

AL

ME CA

DJIBOUTI

M

ON

RO

BENIN

EQUATORIAL GUINEA

Socotra (to Yemen)

Addis Ababa CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

N Delhi

TNA M

Lagos TOGO

A

P A C I F I C O C E A N

V IE

N’Djaména

NIGERIA Abuja

EN Sanaa M YE

ST

7

A

Kánpur BANGLADESH Dhaka Guangzhou TAIWAN Chittagong Kolkata Ahmadabad Hong Kong Hanoi (Calcutta) MYANM AR (BURM A) LAOS Mumbai I N D I A Nay Pyi Taw Vientiane Paracel Islands (Bombay) Bay Yangon (disputed) Hyderabad Pune Arabian o f (Rangoon) Manila Sea Bengal THAILAND South Chennai PHILIP PINES Bangkok a n i h C (Madras) Bangalore CAMBODIA Andaman Is (to India) Sea Laccadive Is Phnom Penh (to India) Ho Chi Minh City Spratly Islands Nicobar Is Davao (disputed) Colombo (to India)

M

a ERITREA

I AK

N

NORTH KOREA Sea of Dalian Pyongyang Japa n Beijing JAPAN Seoul (Ea st Sea ) Tianjin Jinan Tokyo SOUTH Daegu Nagoya Qingdao KOREA Yokohama Busan Osaka Xi’an Nanjing Shanghai Wuhan Chengdu

Karachi

O

e Khartoum

SU DA N

CHAD

Niamey

Muscat

S AU D I ARABIA

S

NIGER

Lahore

Pe

Giza

I

Islamabad

AN

I R A N

AF

Alexandria

Baghdad IR AQ

GH

LEBANON ISRAEL

H

C

Kabul

AN

TUNISIA

Tripoli

Tehran

SYRIA

CYPRUS

Mediter ranean Sea

IST AN

AN

Athens

MALTA

6

Shenyang

as

Tunis

sk

Astana

N K A Z A K H S T A

Aral SWITZ. HUNGARY Lake Sarajevo ROMANIA Sea SLOVENIA Balkh ash C Urumqi CROATIA Bucharest Almaty MONACO UZ B-H SERBIA B IT Bishkek EK Black Sea KOS. nt BULGARIA Tashke SAN MARINO A L MON. IS GEORGIA KYRGYZSTAN TA Istanbul Y ANDORRA ARMENIA AZERBAIJAN T U R K N ME Ankara MACEDONIA TAJIKISTAN VATICAN Rome at N Asgab IS CITY ALBANIA GREECE Dushanbe AZERB. T ƒzmir T U R K E Y Algiers

ot

Kuril Is an Fed.) Russi

RUSS. FED.

5

(to

FINLAND Helsinki Oslo Stockholm ESTONIA LATVIA Copenhagen DENMARK LITHUANIA

4

Japanese Ottoman Portuguese Russian Spanish United States Independent Disputed

Belgian British Chinese Danish Dutch French German Italian

Baren ts Sea

D

NOR

Colonial Empires in 1914 ircle Arctic C

Svalbard (to Norway)

Z

SOUTH AFRICA

Nor folk Island (to Australia)

Cape Town

Amsterdam Island

Canberra

Crozet Islands

14

Melbourne

St Paul Island Prince Edward Islands (to South Africa)

Lord Howe Island (to Australia)

Sydney

NEW ZEALAN D

Frenc h South ern & Antar ctic Lands (to Franc e)

Wellington

15

Kerguelen Bouvet Island (to Norway)

N

O T

N

Bounty Isl ands (to Auckland Islan Antipodes Islan NZ) (to NZ) ds (to NZ) ds

Heard & McDonald Islands ( to Australia)

A

R

C

T

I

(All territorial claims are held in abeyance under the 1959 Antarctic Treaty)

C

E

A

Macquar ie (to AustralIsland ia)

N

Campbell Islan (to NZ) d

16

Scale 1:66,000,000 Km

C

A

0

Antarcti c Circle

0

250

Miles

1000

500 250

500

1500

2000

1000

1500

2000

17

projection: Wagner VII Ross Ic Shelf e

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

xxix

THE WOR LD A

B

C

D

E

States and boundaries

1

2

4

5

G

H

The changing world map

I

J

K

L

M

New nations 1945 –1965

Decolonization In 1950, large areas of the world remained under the control of a handful of European countries (page xxix). The process of decolonization had begun in Asia, where, following the Second World War, much of south and southeast Asia sought and achieved self-determination. In the 1960s, a host of African states achieved independence, so that by 1965, most of the larger tracts of the European overseas empires had been substantially eroded. The final major stage in decolonization came with the break-up of the Soviet Union and the Eastern bloc after 1990. The process continues today as the last toeholds of European colonialism, often tiny island nations, press increasingly for independence.

There are almost 200 sovereign states in the world today; in 1950 there were only 82. Over the last 65 years national self-determination has been a driving force for many states with a history of colonialism and oppression. As more borders have been added to the world map, the number of international border disputes has increased. In many cases, where the impetus towards independence has been religious or ethnic, disputes with minority groups have also caused violent internal conflict. While many newly-formed states have moved peacefully towards independence, successfully establishing government by multiparty democracy, dictatorship by military regime or individual despot is often the result of the internal power-struggles which characterize the early stages in the lives of new nations.

3

F

New nations 1965 – present

6

The nature of politics

m Icons of communism, including statues of former leaders such as Lenin and Stalin, were destroyed when the Soviet bloc was dismantled in 1989, creating several new nations.

Democracy is a broad term: it can range from the ideal of multiparty elections and fair representation to, in countries such as Singapore, a thin disguise for single-party rule. In despotic regimes, on the other hand, a single, often personal authority has total power; institutions such as parliament and the military are mere instruments of the dictator.  The stars and stripes of the US flag are a potent symbol of the country’s status as a federal democracy.

m Iran has been one of the modern world’s few true theocracies; Islam has an impact on every aspect of political life.

9

Types of government Multiparty democracy for more than 10 yrs Multiparty democracy within last 10 yrs Single-party government Military regime Theocracy Monarchy Non-party system Arctic C ircle Transitional regime U

ICELAND

Hudso n Bay

DE

LIBYA

TA AU

MALI

SAO TOME GABON & PRINCIPE C ANGOLA (Cabinda)

I N D I A

N

TAIWA N

AL

SO

AND A

Nort hern Mari ana Is (to US)

MYANMAR (BURMA) LAOS

Bay of Bengal

THAI.

CAMB.

IA

Arabian Sea

SRI LANKA

Guam (to US) South C h i n a PHILIPPINES Sea

BRUNEI

MALDIVES

Lake Victoria

MARSHALL ISLANDS

PALAU

MICRONESIA

MALAYSIA

Equator I N D O N E S I A

SEYCHELLES

Java Sea

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

KIRIBATI N A U RU

SOLOMON ISLANDS

TUVALU

SCA

R

EAST TIMOR

A SOUTH AFRICA

GA DA

BOTS.

MAURITIUS

MA

IBI

T ARGEN

URUGUAY

BANGLADESH

SINGAPORE

ZIMB.

AM

R PA

CHILE

AG UA Y

Tropic of Cancer

A

Lake TANZANIA Tanganyika Lake Nyasa COMOROS ANGOLA MALAWI ZAMBIA UE Q

N

BOLIVIA

N

TA O

E EM

AM BI

R

A TLA NTI C OCEA N

U

P

KENYA

MOZ

P E

B R A Z I L

RWANDA BURUNDI

P A C I F I C O C E A N

IS

Persian Gulf

M

O

NG

ECUADOR K I R I B A T I

DEM. REP. CONGO

UG

GHANA EQ. GUIN. TOGO

CA

French Guiana (to France)

JAPAN

SOUTH KOREA

BHUTAN

NEPAL

UAE

SAUDI ARABIA

ERITREA

A

N

I

H

NAM

NIGER

C

K

JORDAN BAHRAIN QATAR

RI

M

Sea of Japan

ET

CAPE VERDE

KUWAIT

kh

VI

DOMINICA

COLOMBIA

16

EGYPT

AFGHAN.

AN

M

ALGERIA

IRAN

IRAQ

a Se

ANTIGUA & BARBUDA

Equator

FIC AN

SYRIA

LEB. ISRAEL

M

RO

Sea

ed

PANAMA

Tokelau (to NZ) Cook PACI Islands SAMOA (to NZ) OCE American Samoa TONGA (to US) French Polynesia Niue (to NZ) (to France) Pitcairn, Henderson, Tropic of Capricorn Ducie & Oeno Islands (to UK)

N

GREECE

MALTA CYPRUS

TUNISIA

O

C

d i t e r r a ne an

O

SENEGAL CHAD S U D A N Y ST VINCENT & THE GRENADINES GAMBIA BARBADOS BURKINA DJIBOUTI GUINEA-BISSAU GRENADA FASO GUINEA TRINIDAD & TOBAGO NIGERIA VENEZUELA G U YA N A IVORY SIERRA LEONE BENIN CENTRAL SOUTH ETHIOPIA COAST SURINAME LIBERIA AFRICAN REP. SUDAN

COSTA RICA

O

NORTH (East KOREA Sea)

.

WESTERN SAHARA (occupied by Morocco)

CUBA

DOM. JAMAICA HAITI REP. BELIZE ST KITTS & HONDURAS NEVIS GUATEMALA ST LUCIA EL SALVADOR NICARAGUA

of

MONGOLIA

N

ATLANTIC OCEAN

C

R

MEXICO

Me

THE BAHAMAS

Sea Lake Baikal

POLAND BELARUS NETH. BELGIUM GERM. SLVK. CZ. REP. K A Z A K H S T A N LUX. LIECH. UKRAINE Aral Lake FRANCE MOLD. AUT.HUNG. SWITZ. Sea Balkhash SLVN. CRO. ROM. Caspian SM SERB. MONACO B-H UZBE Black Sea K ITALY BULG. Sea IS KYRG. ANDORRA GEORGIA MON. TA ARM. AZERB. T U R VAT. CITY KOSOVO PORTUGAL KM SPAIN TAJ. MACED. T U R K E Y E ALBANIA AZERB.

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Gulf of Mexico

R U S S I A N ESTONIA LATVIA LITHUANIA

IRELAND

Great Lakes

Tropic of Cancer

N

FINLAND

ir c l e

N A T I O F E D E R

sk

12

PACIFIC OCEAN

A

m In Brunei the Sultan has ruled by decree since 1962; power is closely tied to the royal family. The Sultan’s brothers are responsible for finance and foreign affairs.

ot

C A N A D A

A rc t ic C

Y

RUSS. FED. (Kaliningrad) DEN.

UNITED KINGDOM

 In early 2011, Egypt underwent a revolution, part of the so called “Arab Spring”, which resulted in the ousting of President Hosni Mubarak after nearly 30 years in power.

Barents Sea

A R C TI C OC EA N

O

Be ri ng Se a

Greenland (to Denmark)

RW

Current civil unrest

Baffin Bay

SA (Alaska)

SWE

11

NO

10

 Afghanistan has suffered decades of war and occupation resulting in widespread destruction. The hardline Taliban government were ousted by a US-led coalition in 2001 but efforts to stabilise the country are still continuing.

Netherlands New Zealand Pakistan Portugal South Africa Spain Sudan UK Unified country USA USSR Yugoslavia

Australia Aust/NZ/UK Belgium China Czechoslovakia Egypt/UK Ethiopia France France/UK Indonesia Italy Japan Malaysia

m North Korea is an independent communist republic. Power was transferred directly to Kim Jong-un in 2012 following the death of his father Kim Jong-il.

ME R OO N

8

Administration at the time of independence

NIA

7

VANUA TU

INDIAN OCEAN

SWAZILAND

New FIJI Caledonia (to France) Tropic of Capricorn

A U S T R A L I A

LESOTHO

IN

NEW ZEAL

A

French Southern & Antarctic Lands (to France)

AND

17 Antarctic

A

xxx

B

Circle

A N T A R C T I C A

(All territorial claims are held in abeyance under the 1959 Antarctic Treaty)

Antarcti c

Circle

K

L

M

S TAT E S A N D B O U N D A R I E S P

Q

R

Lines on the map

S

T

U

W

X

Y

Z

Enclaves

1

The shifting political map over the course of history has frequently led to anomalous situations. Parts of national territories may become isolated by territorial agreement, forming an enclave. The West German part of the city of Berlin, which until 1989 lay a hundred miles (160 km) within East German territory, was a famous example.

The determination of international boundaries can use a variety of criteria. Many of the borders between older states follow physical boundaries; some mirror religious and ethnic differences; others are the legacy of complex histories of conflict and colonialism, while others have been imposed by international agreements or arbitration.

ESTONIA

RU S S I A N F E D E R AT I O N

L A T V I A

2

L I T H UA N I A RUSS. FED. (Kaliningrad)

Post-colonial borders

m Since the independence of Lithuania and Belarus, the peoples of the Russian enclave of Kaliningrad have become physically isolated.

B E L A RU S

POLAND

When the European colonial empires in Africa were dismantled during the second half of the 20th century, the outlines of the new African states mirrored colonial boundaries. These boundaries had been drawn up by colonial administrators, often based on inadequate geographical knowledge. Such arbitrary boundaries were imposed on people of different languages, racial groups, religions and customs. This confused legacy often led to civil and international war.

3

Geometric borders Antarctica

Brazilian zone of interest

A

When Antarctic exploration began a century ago, seven nations, Australia, Argentina, Britain, Chile, France, New Zealand and Norway, laid claim to the new territory. In 1961 the Antarctic Treaty, now signed by 45 nations, agreed to hold all territorial claims in abeyance.

T

L

British Norwegian claim claim C I C rcOtic CEiA N (undefined limits) T rc l e ta A N An Australian claim

Argentinian claim

EAN

C

IA

O

EA

N

FIC

OC

Chilean claim

PA C I

ALGERIA

WESTERN SAHARA

V

S e a

O

B a l t i c

N

4

5

IN

D

N

Straight lines and lines of longitude and latitude have occasionally been used to determine international boundaries; and indeed the world’s second longest continuous international boundary, between Canada and the USA, follows the 49th Parallel for over one-third of its course. Many Canadian, American and Australian internal administrative boundaries are similarly determined using a geometric solution.

French claim Australian claim

New Zealand claim

C

M AU R I TA N I A

A

MALI

N A

D A

6

49th Parallel

World boundaries U N I T E D S T AT E S O F A M E R I C A

7

8

m The conflict that has plagued many African countries since independence has caused millions of people to become refugees.

Physical borders

Dates from which current boundaries have existed

9

1990–present 1966–1989 1946–1965 1915–1945 1850–1914 1800–1849 Pre-1800

Many of the world’s countries are divided by physical borders: lakes, rivers, mountains. The demarcation of such boundaries can, however, lead to disputes. Control of waterways, water supplies and fisheries are frequent causes of international friction.

m Different farming techniques in Canada and the USA clearly mark the course of the international boundary in this satellite map.

Lake borders

River borders

Mountain borders

Countries which lie next to lakes usually fix their borders in the middle of the lake. Unusually the Lake Nyasa border between Malawi and Tanzania runs along Tanzania’s shore.

Rivers alone account for one-sixth of the world’s borders. Many great rivers form boundaries between a number of countries. Changes in a river’s course and interruptions of its natural flow can lead to disputes, particularly in areas where water is scarce. The centre of the river’s course is the nominal boundary line.

Mountain ranges form natural barriers and are the basis for many major borders, particularly in Europe and Asia. The watershed is the conventional boundary demarcation line, but its accurate determination is often problematic.

AW I

MOZA

MB

I

A

UKRAINE

GERMANY be Danu

IA

MAL

ZA M B IA

Z

N

Lake Nyasa

11

12

N

Q

MOZAMBIQUE

TA

10

F R A N C E

SLOVAKIA

AUSTRIA

P y r e A N D OR R A n e e s

H U NG ARY ROM AN I A

CROATIA

UE

m Complicated agreements between colonial powers led to the awkward division of Lake Nyasa.

Danube

SE R BI A

BU LG ARI A

13

S PA I N

m The Danube forms all or part of the border between nine European nations.

m The Pyrenees form a natural mountain border between France and Spain.

14

Shifting boundaries – Poland Borders between countries can change dramatically over time. The nations of eastern Europe have been particularly affected by changing boundaries. Poland is an example of a country whose boundaries have changed so significantly that it has literally moved around Europe. At the start of the 16th century, Poland was the largest nation in Europe. Between 1772 and 1795, it was absorbed into Prussia, Austria and Russia, and it effectively ceased to exist. After the First World War, Poland became an independent country once more, but its borders changed again after the Second World War following invasions by both Soviet Russia and Nazi Germany. N

O

P

Moscow

Moscow

SI

Kiev

Warsaw

R U S S I A

P OL A N D

POLAND Warsaw

Kiev

15

Warsaw

Kiev

Kiev

R

P

S RU

IA

A

POLAND

Warsaw

Moscow

Moscow

AU

m In 1634, Poland was the largest nation in Europe, its eastern boundary reaching towards Moscow.

Q

R

S

S

16

T

m From 1772–1795, Poland was gradually partitioned between Austria, Russia and Prussia. Its eastern boundary receded by over 100 miles (160 km). T

U

m After the Second World War the Baltic Sea border was extended westwards, but much of the eastern territory was annexed by Russia.

m Following the First World War, Poland was reinstated as an independent state, but it was less than half the size it had been in 1634.

V

W

X

Y

17

Z

xxxi

THE WOR LD A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

International disputes

1

Cyprus was partitioned in 1974, following an invasion by Turkish troops. The south is now the Greek Cypriot Republic of Cyprus, while the self-proclaimed Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is recognized only by Turkey.

C H I N A

m The so-called ‘green line’ divides Cyprus into Greek and Turkish sectors.

NORTH KOREA

r pa Ka

SEOUL

S OUTH KOREA

UK Sovereign Base Area

H

I

N A 4

Aksai Chin

Peshawar

JAMMU & KASHMIR I N D I A

Srinagar

Rawalpindi

Administered by China, claimed by India.

Faisalabad

5

CHINA Demchok/ Demqog

PA K I S T A N

UK Sovereign Base Area Lárnaka

Administered by China, claimed by India.

HIMACHAL PRADESH

Amritsar

Lahore

Medite r ranean S ea

Lemesós (Limassol)

3

Claimed by India

Gujranwala

Tr o ó d o s

CYPRUS

m Indian army troops maintain their positions in the mountainous terrain of northern Kashmir.

A 'line of control' was agreed between India and Pakistan in 1972.

Pre 1947 Boundary

sía

2

C

NICOSIA

m Heavy fortifications on the border between North and South Korea.

M

1

N

ISLAMABAD

TURKISH REPUBLIC OF NORTHERN CYPRUS (recognized only by Turkey) ns Medite r ranean Kyrenia Mountai S ea

PYONGYANG

Ye l l o w Sea

A

ST

Cyprus

Since 1953, the de facto border between North and South Korea has been a ceasefire line which straddles the 38th Parallel and is designated as a demilitarized zone. Both countries have heavy fortifications and troop concentrations behind this zone.

NI

North and South Korea

HA

4

L

Disputes over Jammu and Kashmir have caused three serious wars between India and Pakistan since 1947. Pakistan wishes to annex the largely Muslim territory, while India refuses to cede any territory or to hold a referendum, and also lays claim to the entire territory. Most international maps show the ‘line of control’ agreed in 1972 as the de facto border. In addition India has territorial disputes with neighbouring China. The situation is further complicated by a Kashmiri independence movement, active since the late 1980s.

AFG

3

K

Jammu and Kashmir

There are more than 60 disputed borders or territories in the world today. Although many of these disputes can be settled by peaceful negotiation, some areas have become a focus for international conflict. Ethnic tensions have been a major source of territorial disagreement throughout history, as has the ownership of, and access to, valuable natural resources. The turmoil of the post-colonial era in many parts of Africa is partly a result of the 19th century ‘carve-up’ of the continent, which created potential for conflict by drawing often arbitrary lines through linguistic and cultural areas.

2

J

6

Claimed by India.

P U N JA B Ludhiana

Conflicts and international disputes

7

UN peacekeeping missions 2005-2015

R U S S I A N

F E D E R A T I O N

Major active land based territorial or border disputes

Kuril Islands

8

Countries involved in internal conflict

UKRAINE

TURKEY

Melilla

SYRIA CYPRUS LEBANON IRAQ ISRAEL

RO MO

The British dependent ECUADOR territory of the Falkland Islands was invaded by Argentina in 1982, sparking a full-scale war with the UK. Tensions ran high during 2012 in the build up to the thirtieth anniversary of the conflict.

11

12

DEM. REP. CONGO

BHUTAN MYANMAR (BURMA)

THAI.

SOMALIA

Paracel Islands PHILIPPINES

10

Spratly Islands MALAYSIA

KENYA BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERRITORY

BURUNDI

Cabinda

9

CAMBODIA

SOUTH ETHIOPIA SUDAN

C.A.R.

SOUTH KOREA

Senkaku Islands TAIWAN

YEMEN

NIGERIA

IVORY SIERRA LEONE COAST LIBERIA BENIN

A

Active land based territorial or border disputes and internal conflict

Arunachal Pradesh

BANGLADESH

ERITREA SUDAN

N

AM

NIGE R CHAD

I

TN

COLOMBIA

H

Aksai Chin Jammu and Kashmir

IE

The Falkland Islands

GU YA N A SURINAME French Guiana

COSTA RICA

IRAN

EGYPT

NICRAGUA

10

C

AFGHANISTAN

INDIA MALI

HAITI

AN

LIBYA

ALGERIA

NORTH KOREA

KYRGYZ.

ST

V

BELIZE

WESTERN SAHARA

Guantanamo Bay

CUBA

C

KI

KI

CO

9

BE

PA

Gibraltar Ceuta

UZ

AZERB.

N

SPAIN

Chechnya GEORGIA ARMENIA

STA

MOLDOVA CROATIA KOS.

8

TANZANIA

11 EAST TIMOR

ANGOLA

MALAWI

BOLIVIA

12

CHILE

Former Yugoslavia Following the disintegration in 1991 of the communist state of Yugoslavia, the breakaway states of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina came into conflict with the ‘parent’ state (consisting of Serbia and Montenegro). Warfare focused on ethnic and territorial ambitions in Bosnia. The tenuous Dayton Accord of 1995 sought to recognize the post-1990 borders, whilst providing for ethnic partition and required international peace-keeping troops to maintain the terms of the peace.

xxxii

B

C

T I A O A Sava Banja Luka

Bihaá

PT

A

EGY

Palestinian control Mixed control Israeli settlement block

R

GAZA STRIP

ISR AEL

C

HERZEGOVINA

E

F

G

AM

S ea

PH I L I PPI N ES

15

IE

Celeb es

16

Philippine claim

Spratly Island s

S ea Malaysian claim Occupied by Taiwan Occupied by Philippines Occupied by Malaysia Occupied by China Occupied by Vietnam

MONTENEGRO Dubrovnik

H

14

S outh China

Tuzla

Gornji Vakuf Ad Goraªde SARAJEVO S er i at i Split a c Mostar Republika Srpska Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine Brâko Distrikt

The site of potential oil and natural gas reserves, the Spratly Islands in the South China Sea have been claimed by China, Vietnam, Taiwan, Malaysia and the Philippines since the Japanese gave up a wartime claim in 1951.

Brâko

Dr Jajce BOSNIA & i Srebrenica

m Barbed-wire fences surround a settlement in the Golan Heights. D

CAMBODIA

V

WEST BANK

Israeli settlement Palestinian settlement West Bank fence

m Most claimant states have small military garrisons on the Spratly Islands.

RBIA

(Israel retains 15%control)

Dead Sea

The Spratly Islands

na

Hebron

HEIGHTS

N

Bethlehem

SYRIA

Jordan

JERUSALEM

Mediterranean Sea GOLAN

J O R

Ramallah'Auja et Tahta Nu'eima Jericho

D A

N

WEST BANK

RDA

I S R

Nablus

JO

L

E A

Tulkarm

Qalqiliya

Israel was created in 1948 following the 1947 un Resolution (147) on Palestine. Until 1979 Israel had no borders, only ceasefire lines from a series of wars in 1948, 1967 and 1973. Treaties with Egypt in 1979 and Jordan in 1994 led to these borders being defined and agreed. Negotiations over Israeli settlements and Palestinian self-government have seen little effective LEBANON progress since 2000.

N

Israel Jenin

13

T

Falkland Islands

SE

13

ARGENTINA

Bosna

 British warships in Falkland Sound during the 1982 war with Argentina.

I

J

B RU N EI M A L AYS I A

K

INDONESIA

L

M

17

Herma Ness Unst Yell

The British Isles Lying in the north atlantic ocean, the British Isles were once joined to continental Europe. Rugged mountains in the north and west are the continuation of a Scandinavian mountain chain. Chalk landscapes in southern England were formed over 80 million years ago when flooding s e seas deposited a thick layer of chalk in the d Cape Wrath region. The British Isles also bear the Butt of Lewis imprint of the last Ice Age, which ended 10,000 years ago. Ice sheets eroded Isle of highlands, carved deep valleys and Lewis indented the Scottish coastline.

Shetland Islands

Mainland

Sumburgh Head

Orkney Islands

Westray

m Glen Coe, in the western Scottish highlands, is a U-shaped valley. It is typical of the northern and western parts of the British Isles, where glaciers shaped much of the landscape.

Sanday Stronsay

Mainland Hoy

Pent land Firth

ands

st H ighl

Tee

De Th r on

Trent

nd

G re

East Anglia

lls Hi

H

ill

s

Ch

Thames

f Selsey Bill

Dungeness

Falmouth Bay

D

ov

er

to

South Do wn

s Beachy Head

Isle Of Wight Portland Bill

North Foreland

T h e We a l d

Salisbury Plain

Lyme Bay

Isle of Sheppey

North Downs

e Solent Th

Tor Bay

rn

Kenn et

New Forest

High Willhays 621m

The Broads Yar e

ra i

k

The Fens

St

Q Hi uan lls toc

The Wash

at O u s e

th

ns

la

Me n Hi l l d i p s

e

Thames

Co

l

ne

Mo u nt ai

Exmoor

ne Ne

n er

v

old

re

Dee

r ian

L

Barrow

on

s

Jura

Soun

Ki n t y

an

Ch

s

mb

N A

L

nn

S

C I T

e’

Ca

Se

r we

Dartmoor

it W

Malvern Hills

A

ld s Wo

on Av

Black Mtns

E

Pa M r tr y tn s

S

he

Isles of Scilly

H

A T

T Rutland Water

Br i stol Channel

Bodmin Moor

ha m

l We

Brecon Beacons Pen y Fan

Hartland Point

Hu Spurn Head mb er

T

D

Avo n

Lundy

se

B r i t a i n

Start Point Land’s End

Ou

nt

Go

Wharfe

Peak District

Exe

b Wales has natural boundaries on three sides, with the shores of Liverpool Bay to the north, the Irish Sea and St George’s Channel to the west, and the Bristol Channel and the river Severn’s estuary in the south.

se y Mer

886m

Celtic Sea

70

Flamborough Head

nt we olds eW

rwe

St David’s Head

60

North York Moors

De

G

50

s

ale Sw

Cadair Idris 893m

g

ble Rib

nt Tre

St

r eo

Yorkshire Dales

ia

w no Snowdon 1085m

Cardigan Bay

be am rec Mo

Liverpool Bay

Anglesey

Wicklow Head Lugnaquillia Mountain 926m

Carnsore Point

s n e n i

Mizen Head

Old Head of Kinsale

Isle of Man

Wicklow Mountains

Wexford Bay

n

ay

977m Lake Windermere

District

Holy Island

40

30

20

projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

Wear

Ullswater

e Wy

Carrauntoohil Blackwater 1038m gh a r e dy’s Bogg ns ycud Mt cgill Ma Reeks ains ount ha M Ca

le B Ding

Point of Ayre

n do

Suir

en

Galtys Mtn

r

e

l

Sha

Fi

Ed

ne

Slieve Bloom Mtns

Dublin Bay

0 5 10

Miles

P

an

Lough Derg

re No

Loop Head

Ch

Liscannor Bay

Slieve Aughty Mtns

y iffe

0 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Es

Cumb rian Mtns Scafell Pike

Irish Sea

Lough Ree

Galway Bay Burren

th

Slyne Head

Km

Cheviot Hills

l So St Bees Head

Dundalk Bay

n nno ha

Lough Corrib

Connemara

Holy Island

Tweed

Tyne y wa

Strangford Lough

I r e l a n d

a

Merrick 843m

r ne ou M tns Slieve Donard M 852m Calf of Man

S

Lough Mask

n er

Ballyquintin Point

Upper Lough Erne

Iron Mtns

u

pl

Scale 1:3,800,000

k

or Lough Neagh

Lower Lough Erne

Dartr y M tn s

So

nd

R

lyde

U

N

Donegal Bay

eve Sli mph Ga

rim Antntains Mou

Sawel 683m Sperrin Mtns

Blue ns t Stack M

Erris Head

le Foy

h ug Lo

St Abb’s Head

nd la nt l s Pe H i l

th

of For th

O

Firth of C

Isle of Arran

Fir th of Tay

ills

Fir t h

Cly de

Malin Head Bloody Foreland

il H

l aw

ilt

an

am

Gr

Och

Jura

Islay

Si d

Loch Lomond

d of

C

Loch Tay

m The South Downs in southeast England are a range of chalk hills formed when the region was below sea level, over 80 million years ago. The region boasts some of the last remaining chalk grasslands in northern Europe and is a designated Area of Outstanding Beauty.

ls Hi l

Ba y

Fir th of

Colonsay

1309m

Loch Ericht

Loch Awe

Lor n

Dee

Mountains o uBen Macdui

N

E A N

Isle of Mull

Tiree

O

M

Ben Nevis 1343m Glen Coe

Coll

ins aCairngorm t n

Tay

s de ri Inner Heb

No

Rhum

Barra Head

Buchan Ness Loch Ness

tsw

Isle of Skye

r th

pi

Sea South of the Uist Hebrides

We

North Uist

Fi ray Mo

Beinn Dearg 1084m

ch in M le

rth

b The wild and mountainous scenery of southwest Ireland bears testimony to its glacial history.

Harris Th eL itt

O u t e r

The

H

e

Min c

h

b

r

i

Dunnet Head

n an h C h Englis

el

Lizard Point

Guernsey

Channel Islands

Jersey

xxxiii

THE BRITISH ISLES A

C

D

E

F

G

H

J

Political British Isles

K

L

1

SHETLAND ISLANDS

The United Kingdom’s system of government has evolved over a long period, uninterrupted by any successful foreign invasion since 1066. Democracy takes the form of a constitutional monarchy, in which the monarch is a passive figurehead. The identity of the UK is being challenged by the prospect of a O federal Europe, by the establishment C I ORKNEY of national assemblies in Scotland and T ISLANDS N Wales and by the introduction of an L A assembly in Northern Ireland which T A represents Unionist and Republican views. Ireland grew out of the Irish Free State, established in 1921, and has become N O an independent democracy WESTERN with membership of the UN ISLES and the EU. In 2014, Scotland held a referendum on MORAY independence in which 55.3% SH N H I G of voters elected to remain a H L A N D EE D ER part of the UK. AB

N

1

THE BRITISH ISLES: POLITICAL BRITISH ISLES

B

A

1: Central Scotland

2

E

2

C

CLACKMANNANSHIRE

NO

2: The Northeast

E

D

TAMESIDE

ARGYLL AND BUTE

EAST LOTHIAN

1

STOCKPORT

YORK EAST RIDING

BRADFORD LEEDS

CALDERDALE

i

r

EA

ST

I

CAR

WREKIN

SHROPSHIRE

GI ON

WEXFORD

E

A

G

L

A

D

N

CAMBRIDGESHIRE

SUF FOL K

BEDFORD

RT MILTON CENTRAL NO KEYNES BEDFORD-

OXFORDSHIRE

SHIRE

LUTON

F RT HE

SWINDON WINDSOR AND E SOUTH MAIDENHEAD SLOUGH GLOUCESTERSHIRE READING BRISTOL BRACKNELL WEST BERKSHIRE WOKINGHAM FOREST BATH AND NORTH NORTH EAST SOMERSET SOMERSET

WILTSHIRE

NO RFO LK

PETERBOROUGH

IR SH AM GH IN CK BU

5

10

11

LEICESTER

N

SHIRE

a

9

LINCOLNSHIRE

LEICESTERSHIRE RUTLAND

RE

GLOUCESTERSHIRE MONMOUTH-

PEMBROKESHIRE

e

6

HEREFORDSHIRE

CARMARTHENSHIRE

S

DERBY

WORCESTERSHIRE WARWICKSHIRE

P OW YS

I ED CER

13

DERBYSHIRE

AF FO RD TELFORD SH AND I

GWYNEDD

80

STOKE- ONTRENT NOTTINGHAM

O RD

s

CHESHIRE WEST & CHESTER

WREXHAM C H

WA L E S

C e l t i c

SHEFFIELD

PT ON SH IR E

S h

DU BL

IN

CONWY

70

WAKEFIELD

NO T TI NGHA MSHIRE

KL EE S

AVA DY

LD AR E

ISLE OF ANGLESEY

KINGSTON UPON HULL

NORTH LINCOLNSHIRE NORTH EAST R LINCOLNSHIRE KI BARNSLEY DONCASTER ROTHERHAM

WARRINGTON HALTON

60

OF YORKSHIRE

LANCASHIRE BLACKBURN WITH DARWEN

50

40

projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

N O RT H YO R K S H I R E

4

D OR RF TE WA

CORK

O M

H AM

a

30

20

Miles 3

BLACKPOOL

WICKLOW LO W

NY

KERRY

D

D DURHAM

ST

EN LK KI

TIPPERARY

LIMERICK

12

N G

e

KI

L

LIM

E

C

O

LAOIS

CLARE

CUMBRIA

RE HI TS RE IN SHI FL IGH NB DE

OFFALY

IREL AND

E

ISLE OF MAN (British Crown Dependency)

MEATH

H EAT STM

T

E

WE

GALWAY

I

S

RD FO NG O

I

NORTHERN IRELAND

0 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

0 5 10

H

M

CAVAN

NEWRY AND MOURNE

Km

2

T

AN GH NA MO

RI

R

K

BANBRIDGE DOWN ARMAGH

H LOUT

A T L A N T I C

AN

IT

MAYO

NON

N

LL

R

RM FE

11

AN NG DU

AG H

LE

ON MM CO OS

10

SLIGO

U

CARRICKFERGUS ANTRIM NEWTOWNABBEY NORTH DOWN BELFAST CASTLELI S REAGH CRAIG- BUR ARDS N AVON

COOKSTOWN

GA

7

8

Scale 1:4,200,000

NORTHUMBERLAND

O

OMAGH

DU

LARNE

ND ES A MFRI

AY OW

N

MAGHERAFELT

E BAN RA

9

BA LL YM A EN

ST

BALLYMONEY

E

DONEGAL

AIN

LONDONDERRY

SOUTH AYRSHIRE

MOYL E

R LE CO

A

N

SCOTTISH BORDERS

EAST AYRSHIRE

RE

OL

Y

SOUTH LANARKSHIRE

NORTH AYRSHIRE

8

DARLINGTON

HI

T

SLE

PO ER L IV

OW

D OR FF RA

6

SH IRE

SALFORD

ST HELENS

KN

WIRRAL

MA NCH ESTE R

WIGAN

SEFTON

DARLINGTON

UK Administrative Regions The UK radically reformed its administrative STOCKTONstructure in the mid-1990s. A single-tier ON-TEES REDCAR system of unitary authorities for local MIDDLES- AND CLEVELAND BROUGH government was introduced for Scotland and Wales and the most densely-populated parts of England. The traditional two-tier system of counties subdivided into districts remains in the more rural parts of England. Northern Ireland has had a system of unitary authorities since 1972, although the county names are still commonly used.

FIFE

STIRLING

7

REDCAR MIDDLES- AND CLEVELAND

HARTLEPOOL

DUNDEE

OLDHAM

5 STOCKTONON-TEES BROUGH

ABERDEEN

ES

BOLTON

HARTLEPOOL

GATESHEAD

IR

ROCHDALE

4

3: Teeside

NORTH TYNESIDE NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE SOUTH TYNESIDE SUNDERLAND

ANGUS

BURY

RE

N

PERTH AND KINROSS

HI

L A

MIDLOTHIAN

KS

O T

R NA

C

NORTH TYNESIDE NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE SOUTH TYNESIDE

GATESHEAD

S E A

S

WEST LOTHIAN

SUNDERLAND

H

4: Northwest

EDINBURGH

LA

GLASGOW RE HI WS E R F N RE EAST RENFREWSHIRE

T

6

3

H RT

INVERCLYDE

FALKIRK

R

5

E IR T SH ES N W RTO A NB DU

4

EAST DUNBARTONSHIRE

7

ESS EX

THURROCK

SOUTHEND- ON- SEA MEDWAY

13

KENT

SURREY

HAMPSHIRE

12

SOMERSET WEST SUSSEX

Republic of Ireland Administrative Regions The Republic of Ireland has been divided into 26 counties since independence in 1921. When the six counties of Northern Ireland were included, the island could be divided into the four historic provinces of Ulster, Connaught, Leinster and Munster (see map of Ireland on page xliv), although these have little or no administrative function today.

14

15

SOUTHAMPTON PORTSMOUTH POOLE BOURNEMOUTH ISLE OF WIGHT

D E VO N

C

O

R

N

W

AL

L PLYMOUTH

ISLES OF SCILLY

TORBAY

h i s l n g

E

EAST SUSSEX

BRIGHTON AND HOVE

D ORSET

14

n e l a n h C 15

7: Greater London

5: South Wales ENFIELD

A

xxxiv

B

C

SOLIHULL

D

E

F

COVENTRY

G

H

I

H

HILLIN G

DON

J

OW ND ES SL O M 9 M HA CHN T PO S

UPO KING N T ST HA ON M E

BIRMINGHAM

2

K

BARKING & DAGENHAM

8

MERTON

SUTTON

16

7 NEWHAM

6

CR OY DO N

17

S

AN

UN O

U RI

EL L

THE VALE OF GLAMORGAN

DW

DUDL EY

CARDIFF

1

3

5

4

GREENWICH AM

BEXLEY

H

BRIDGEND

EALING

CAM

ISH LEW

NEWPORT

Greater London Administrative Regions London is divided into 32 boroughs (plus the Corporation of the City of London), which effectively have the same status as other unitary authorities in the UK. Until the Mayor of London elections in 2000, London had not had a directly elected council since the abolition of the Greater London Council (GLC) in 1986.

REDBRIDGE

HARINGEY

BRENT

LAMBET

WOLVER- WALSALL HAMPTON

HARROW

G RIN VE HA

N

SWANSEA

BARNET

WALTHAM FOREST

6: The West Midlands

JERSEY (British Crown Dependency)

N DE

NEATH RHONDDA PORT TALBOT CYNON TAFF CAERPHILLY

GUERNSEY (British Crown Dependency)

E FA

16

TOR

YR RTH L ME YDFI T

BLAENAU GWENT

BROMLEY

L

1.HAMMERSMITH & FULHAM 2.KENSINGTON & CHELSEA 3.WESTMINSTER 4.ISLINGTON 5.HACKNEY 6.CITY OF LONDON 7.TOWER HAMLETS 8.SOUTHWARK 9.WANDSWORTH

M

17

THE BRITISH ISLES A

T H E B R I T I S H I S L E S : WA L E S

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

Wales

1

K

L

b Snowdonia National Park contains Snowdon, the highest mountain in England and Wales. The park is renowned for its jagged peaks and deep valleys, eroded by glaciers during the last Ice Age.

1

The ancient Cambrian mountains form the backbone of this green, mountainous country, which has been a stronghold of Celtic culture for about 3000 years. Wales had been incorporated with England from 1535 until a pro-devolution majority vote in a referendum in 1997. Over one-fifth of the people speak Welsh, a Celtic Ba language with a rich poetic tradition. ol o rp About 60 per cent of the Live country’s 2.8 million Amlwch Carmel Head Cemaes WI Anglesey population live in the Llyn RR Point of Ayr Great Ormes Holyhead Alaw AL Moelfre Llanfaethlu Head south or extreme northeast. Bay Red Wharf Prestatyn Llanerchymedd Penrhyn Bay Llandudno Bay Llanasa Llanfachraeth Rhyl The old coal-based industries that Benllech Penmon Dyserth Mostyn Colwyn Bay Holyhead Bodedern Trefor Pentraeth Llangoed Holywell Rhuddlan Lloc Conwy transformed these areas last Beaumaris Abergele ISLE OF ANGLESEY Holy Island Caerwys Flint Llangefni Llanfairfechan Penmaenmawr Rhoscolyn De Gwalchmai Asaph St century have since given way Menai Bridge Llanfair Trefnant Bangor Connah's Quay e Llanfaelog Rhosneigr Eglwysbach Queensferry Talhaiarn to a service-led economy. FLINTSHIRE Henllan Bethesda Llangernyw Aberffraw y

2

Treffgarne

Llanycefn Spittal Clarbeston Camrose Wiston

Roch

S t B r i d e s Nolton B a y Haverfordwest

Llawhaden

Cwmffrwd

Llandefaelog

Red Roses

Bryn Du 463m

Pont Aber

Trecastle

Usk

Brecon

Pen y Fan 886m

Fan Brycheiniog 802m

on Brecon Beac

s

Llangynidr

D

S

12

E

Pandy

Abergavenny

G

n

ly

S e a

Aberdare

Swansea Bridgend Porthcawl Bay Laleston Ogmore-by-Sea

B r i s t o l

Elevation

50,000 to 100,000

500m / 1640ft

10,000 to 50,000

250m / 820ft

below 10,000

Km 0

100m / 328ft

E

St. Donats

Rumney

Cardiff

Wenvoe

Dinas Powys

Llantwit Major

Rhoose

C h a n n e l

Penarth

Barry

Flat Holm Steep Holm

h ut Mo

o

ft

he

Se

ve

rn

BRISTOL

14

15

H T RT SE O N ER M SO 16

Scale 1:1,950,000

0

20

10

5 5

30

10

Miles

sea level

D

Ely

THE VALE OF Bonvilston

Cowbridge

13

IRE

NEATH

Pontarddulais Clydach Llanelli Gorseinon

100,000 to 500,000

C

Tretower Crickhowell

Taff

Population

B

Llanthony

Ammanford Tumble Ystalyfera Seven Sisters Pontyates Llannon Glyn Neath HirwaunMerthyr Kidwelly Pontardawe Crynant Tydfil

Map key

A

IR

Gilwern

GLAMORGAN

17

11

Ystradfellte Monmouth BLAENAU Brynmawr Pontsticill Llanvihangel Gobion GWENT Ebbw Blaenavon Ystradgynlais Penderyn Rhymney Raglan TORFAEN Vale

Glanaman

E ly

15

m St David’s is the smallest cathedral city in the British Isles. The 12th century cathedral was a centre of pilgrimage for the shrine of St David, the patron saint of Wales.

Llangorse

Sennybridge Llanfrynach Libanus

Crai

Craig-y-nos

Talgarth Black Mountains

Llanfihangel Nant Bran

Brynamman Abercraf

Cross Hands

Llansteffan

Kilgetty Pendine Saundersfoot

C e l t i c

16

Hay-on-Wye

Llyswen

Merthyr Cynog

Llandovery Myddfai

P S H I R E

er n

Se v

Erwood

E N G L A H RO N D

C a m b r i a n

Gladestry Newchurch

H ERS ST

Laugharne

nant-Melan

Upper Chapel

Trapp

Llanddarog

St Clears

Llandrindod Walton Wells Llanfihangel-

Newbridge on Wye

10

e Wy

Bosherston

St Govan’s Head

Whitland

Tyw i Llandybie

Carmarthen

Presteigne

Penybont New Radnor

Garth BuilthWells Llyn Brianne Painscastle Reservoir Aberedw Wells Llanwrtyd Clyro

Usk Reservoir Llangadog

Llandeilo

Llangunllo Knighton Llanddewi Norton Ystradenni Whitton

sk

Castlemartin

Llangynin

ENSHIRE CARMARTH Pontargothi

Meidrim

Nantmel

Beacon Hill 547m

Llanwrthwl

Cilycwm

Llanfynydd

Pontarsais

Te m

P OW YS

Rhandirmwyn

Pumsaint

Beguildy

Llanbadarn Fynydd

9

Tredegar Blaina MONMOUTHSHIRE U Trelleck Abersychan MERTHYRAbertillery Usk TYDFIL Alltwen Resolven Pembrey Pontypool RHONDDA Bargoed Tenby PORT TALBOT St Arvans Mountain Ash Burry Port Gelligaer Newbridge Llantrisant Treorchy Neath Carmarthen Penally Morriston Chepstow Cwmbran TAFF Ystrad Mynach CYNON Manorbier Abercarn Briton Ferry Ynysybwl SWANSEA Shirenewton Clydach Vale Llanmadoc Caldey Island B a y CAERPHILLY Caerleon Porth Swansea Tonypandy Maesteg Caerwent Senghenydd Risca Llanrhidian Caldicot Bedwas Pontycymer Pontypridd Gower Port Talbot Newport Rhossili Caerphilly Bishopston BRIDGEND Margam The Blackmill Tondu NEWPORT Redwick Mumbles Port-Eynon Aberkenfig Llanharan Llantrisant Oxwich CARDIFF Pyle Pencoed Goldcliff Llanharry G Kenfig St. Mellons

Rosemarket Milford Haven Neyland Carew Broad Sound Dale Milford Haven Skokholm Island Pembroke Dock Angle Pembroke Rhoscrowther

St

Cynwyl Elfed

Llanglydwen Login Llanboidy

Llanidloes

Rhayader Claerwen Reservoir Elan Village

Ffarmers

Llanybydder

Llansawel Pencader Abergorlech Llanwrda Talley Brechfa

Llanfyrnach

Narberth

Templeton

Walton West St. Brides Johnston

Llanwenog

Llandysul

Kerry

LO SO UC UTH EST ERS HIRE

l

ne

an

Ch ’s ge

or

PEMBROKESHIRE

Llanfair Clydogau

Church Stoke

Dolfor

Llangurig

Drygarn Fawr 645m LlanddewiAbergwesyn Brefi Beulah

Llangybi

S

8

E UC LO

Ge

Solva

Ystrad Aeron

Lampeter

Rhos

Puncheston

St David's Ramsey Island

Cilcennin

E

Llandinam

7

SH

Letterston M y n y d d P r

l ese

6

Penley

Newtown

Llanbister St. Harmon Abbeycwmhir

Newcastle Emlyn

Newport Eglwyswrw i Crymych

Llanychaer Bridge

Marloes

14

Cilgerran

Wy e Pen y Garn 610m

Pontrhydfendigaid

Mydroilyn Cribyn

Teifi

L

Llyn Clywedog

Ysbyty Ystwyth

Lledrod

Llandyssil Abermule

Caersws

Plynlimon Se v 752m er n

CERED IGION Tregaron

Llanarth

Beulah

Boncath

Fishguard

Mathry

St David's Head

Skomer Island

Moylgrove

M o u n t a i n s

n B ay

ga di

ar

C

Devil'sBridge Llanilar

Ffostrasol

Cardigan

Threapwood

Overton

RD

Llanrhian

y Ba

Dinas

St. Nicholas

id Rhe ol

Montgomery

Llanwnog

Trefeglwys

Ponterwyd

Goginan

Aberystwyth

Aberporth

St. Dogmaels

p

y Ba

13

Ne w

ua rd

t or

Strumble Head Goodwick 12

iS tra it

S E A

S e a

I r i s h

Bont-goch

Llwyndafydd Llangranog

Cemaes Head

RE

Talybont

Tregynon

Carno

W A

Borth

Llanllugan

Moelfre 468m

Machynlleth

Eglwys Fach

New Quay

Cardiff

fi

Aberdyfi

Aberaeron

Fish g

Bangor -is-y-coed

HEREFO

11

HI

Port Talbot

ES

Pontypool Cwmbran Newport

Br Bridgend ist ol Chan nel

Dy

Tywyn

Llanon

Merthyr Tydfil

WREXHAM ee

Rhosllanerchrugog Ruabon

Corwen

5

GWYNEDD

Llanrhystud

Swansea

H

Tenby

Garreg

a u l Porthmadog

C

s in

Carmarthen Llanelli

Wrexham

Coedpoeth

Llanelidan

Llangwm

Holt

Gresford

DENBIGHSHIRE

Gwyddelwern

Blaenau Ffestiniog Ffestiniog

Hope Caergwrle

e

major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

Builth Wells

Milford Haven

nge

car manufacture hi-tech industry iron & steel light engineering metallurgy oil refining tourism

E n g l a n d

Wales

Ra

Wrexham

Aberystwyth

Penmachno Ysbyty Ifan

Broughton

Buckley

Treuddyn

Llyn Ruthin Brenig Cyffylliog

Betws-y-Coed Llyn Alwen Pentrefoelas Cerrigydrudion

Mold

Glyndyfrdwy Llangollen Frongoch Cynwyd Chirk Maentwrog Glyn Ceiriog Llandderfel Arenig Fawr Penrhyndeudraeth 854m Llandrillo n Chwilog Bala Criccieth Trawsfynydd Talsarnau P Llanarmon Dyffryn Bala Lake Dinas y n Pwllheli Tremadog Ceiriog Llangower Llanuwchllyn Sarn Meyllteyrn le Llanbedrog Bay LlanrhaeadrL Harlech Rhinog Fawr ym-Mochnant Llansilin 720m Abersoch Llyn Llangynog Y Llethr Aberdaron Llanbedr Rhiw 754m Efyrnwy Hirnant Ta n a t Braich y Pwll Dyffryn Ardudwy Llanfechain Aran Fawddwy Bardsey So Trwyn Cilan Llanelltyd und Llanfyllin 905m Llanwddyn Llanaber Llanfihangel-yng-Ngwynfa Bont Newydd Llanymawddwy Bardsey Island Barmouth Dolgellau Meifod Dinas-Mawddwy Vy r nwy Barmouth Middletown Cader Idris Mallwyd Bay Guilsfield 892m Dolanog Llangadfan Fairbourne LlanfihangelWelshpool y-pennant Four Crosses Llwyngwril Aberllefenni Llanfair Corris Abergynolwyn Cemmaes Caereinion Llanbrynmair Llanegryn Llanwrin Manafon Kingswood

Major industry and infrastructure

Bangor

as

an

Llithfaen Morfa Nefyn Nefyn Edern e Bodfuan Tudweiliog

di wy d C l Clwy

Llandudno

Holyhead

Gl

Nantmor

Llanaelhaearn

y

8

Llanllyfni Beddgelert

Clynnog-fawr

C onw

7

Penygroes

Llanrhaeadr Rhewl

CONWY

Capel Curig Dolwyddelan

nia

6

Rhostryfan Snowdon Talysarn 1085m

Bylchau Gwytherin

4

Saltney

Cilcain Hawarden

Denbigh

Llansannan

Llanrwst

do

The mining industries, particularly slate and coal, have declined greatly this century. Factories in South Wales are served by deepwater ports such as Milford Haven, which has a large oil refinery and steel works. Electronics and light manufacturing industries, supported by government incentives, have grown rapidly in the south and also in central rural areas.

Llanberis

Llandwrog

Bay

Carnedd Llewelyn 1064m

Deiniolen

Caernarfon

Caernarfon

Dolgarrog

a Port en Dinorwic M

ow

Transport and Industry

5

Brynsiencyn

Newborough

Sn

I R I S H

4

9

3

20

30

17

projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

xxxv

THE BRITISH ISLES A

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

am Th

London

LAMBETH

Dulwich

Tooting

SCALE 1:230,000 0

F

GREENWICH

Shooters Hill Kidbrooke Bexleyheath Blackheath

New Cross

Hither Green

Forest Hill ad Ro Catford

Eltham

Sidcup

Stadium

M

Coleford Forest of D ean

St Briavels

SOUTH

Stroud

Eastington Bisley Nailsworth Uley Horsley Dursley Tetbury North Nibley Wotton-under-Edge

Westonbirt Wickwar Malmesbury

GLOUCESTERSHIRE Patchway

Bristol

t of Clevedon

Sherston

Chipping Sodbury Badminton Yate Hullavington Tormarton Castle Combe Mangotsfield Kingswood Chippenham

Iron Acton

Almondsbury

5 Miles

B r i s t o l

n

Berkeley

Stone Falfield

n Avonmouth Filton ve r Se Portishead BRISTOL he

10

Frampton on Severn

Blakeney

Lydney Sharpness

Thornbury

Birdlip Painswick

Newnham

Bream

Tidenham

Gloucester

Cinderford Longney

Staunton

O

Alveston

5 Km

0

Churchdown

Huntley Mitcheldean

Bexley

New Eltham

South Circular

Leigh

OUCE G LStaverton Tibberton

ts

Plumstead

v

Co

Woolwich

Mottingham West LEWISHAM Dulwich Grove Park Crystal Palace West Norwood

Streatham

m Clifton Suspension Bridge, which spans the Avon Gorge, was designed by the great Victorian engineer, Isambard Kingdom Brunel and completed in 1864. It served as an important transport link for Bristol’s then growing import and export trade in meat, tobacco and fruit.

es

Old Royal Observatory

Lewisham

Herne Hill

Balham

Greenwich

TERS

Tewkesbur y

Staunton Hartpury Newent

IRE

Wimbledon

Deptford

Charlton

E

Dymock

SH

Wimbledon Lawn Tennis

Richmond Park

Ham

Kennington

Clapham

RICHMOND Roehampton Southfields UPON THAMES Earlsfield

Dogs

RD

IR

e Wy

Battersea

Putney

S

City

Thames Barrier

O

TH

So

uth

Plaistow Canning Beckton Town London

Camberwell Peckham Brixton

Fulham

East Ham

NEWHAM

OU

East Sheen Mortlake

Chelsea

Wandsworth Richmond Circular Road Upon Thames WANDSWORTH

8

Lambeth

Becontree Barking

M

Barnes

Kew Gardens

Pimlico

Manor Park

SH

N

es

T M H

SE N A

Ilford

CES

Se

No rth

Chiswick

HOUNSLOW

West Ham

Bow

Shoreditch

K AR HW UT O

GT L IN HE NS C KE D I AN SM ER HA MM UL HA D F AN

Gunnersbury

London 2012 Olympic Park

TOWER W E S T M Museum CITY OF IN Stepney Holborn LONDON Paddington S T E HAMLETS Hyde Park Mayfair R Poplar Tower of Shepherd's Kensington Canary Wharf Southwark London Millwall Houses of Bush Buckingham Isle of Parliament Bermondsey O Palace

Hammer-

EALING smith

g

Forest Gate

Stratford

Bethnal Green

Regent's Park British Finsbury

Maida Vale

Acton

Hanwell 7

CAMDEN

Leyton

a

Hackney

St John’s Islington Wood Camden

Kilburn

Le

HACKNEY

R WO

RE

Willesden

Harlesden

Greenford

Ealing

Kentish Town

IS

Seven Kings

HE

ar Ro ad

Wembley Stadium ul c Cir

Hampstead Holloway Heath

in

BRENT

Stoke Newington

Hampstead Cricklewood

N TO NG LI

Neasden

Newbury Park

Wanstead

Leytonstone

d Ro

Golders Green

Hendon

Barkingside

Mo ut h

Kenton

Stamford Hill

sea level

below 10,000

REDBRIDGE

Walthamstow Woodford

HARINGEY

Crouch End Highgate Archway

100m / 328ft

10,000 to 50,000

S

Kingsbury

250m / 820ft

50,000 to 100,000

Grange Hill Woodford Bridge Circular Road

500m / 1640ft

500,000 to 1 million 100,000 to 500,000

E

Hornsey

Wealdstone

Wembley

Tottenham

Alexandra Palace

HARROW

1 million to 5 million

L

Muswell Hill

Stanmore

WALTHAM FOREST North

Wood Green

Hendon

6

ENFIELD

Bowe Park

above 5 million

Chigwell

Buckhurst Hill

Elevation

Population

A

r Road ula

Finchley North Circ

Mill Hill

Map key

W

BAR NET

Edgware

Edmonton

am

Southgate

b The city of Bath is built on the site of the Roman spa, Aquae Sulis. It is one of the most architecturally distinguished of British cities, noted for its elegant Georgian crescents built from the distinctive honey-coloured local stone.

Th

4

9

M

Southern England Southern England is the most affluent part of the British Isles, benefiting from close proximity to Europe, fertile agricultural land, and the capital, London, as a focus of wealth, political power and population. The physical landscape varies dramatically from the bleak uplands of the southwestern Cornish peninsula through the rolling Cotswold Hills to the flat, often marshy, expanses of Essex. The southeast of England is the most densely populated region of the UK, and the growth of industries such as communications and financial services since the 1980s, has put considerable strain on transport and housing provision, with the building of new infrastructure becoming an issue of political controversy in the 1990s.

5

L

er

1

B

Nailsea

Long Ashton

Marshfield

Wick Corsham Keynsham Swainswick Lacock

Box NORTH Saltford Avon Atworth Kingston Seymour Chew Yatton Bath Melksham Flat Holm SOMERSET Magna BATH AND Congresbury Sandford

Steep Holm

Weston-Super-Mare

C h a n n e l

Wrington

Blagdon

Marksbury NORTH EAST

Bradford Semington on-Avon

Wellow

Clutton

ay

Brean

Bay

Bleadon Axe

Winscombe

Po rl

Wo o

Trowbridge SOMERSET Norton Axbridge West Harptree Midsomer Norton Radstock St Philip Yarnbrook East Brent Beckington Cheddar k Chewton Berrow oc Westbury- Me n Westbury di p Mendip Mells sub-Mendip Lynton Lynmouth Bridgwater Burnham-on-Sea Frome Hi Nunney Highbridge Br ue Mark Wedmore Martinhoe Porlock Minehead Bay Brendon Ilfracombe lls r Warminste Huntspill Wookey Parracombe Wells Mortehoe Combe Martin Shepton Mallet Dunster Watchet Lundy Luccombe Heytesbury Pawlett Witham Dunkery Beacon Puriton Pilton West Down Holford Evercreech Kentisbury Friary Woolacombe 519m Glastonbury Williton Longbridge Nether Cannington Bittadon Wheddon Cross Maiden Bradley Deverill Luxborough West Pennard 11 Challacombe Street a n Stowey Croyde Moorlinch Georgeham Baltonsborough Simonsbath Exford t Bridgwater Winsford o Marwood Hindon E x m o o r Exton BrendonMonksilver c k H Westonzoyland Bruton Mere Barnstaple or Braunton Brayford Withypool Ashford Butleigh Bourton Barnstaple North Petherton Bideford Bay Brompton Ralph i l l s Hills Castle Cary Brompton Regis Knoyle P East Somerton a Instow Fremington r re Huish Champflower Wincanton Swimbridge North Molton Yarlington tt Dulverton Westward Ho! Appledore Norton Fitzwarren Molland Wiveliscombe Hartland Point Langport Long Sutton Gillingham Sparkford Newton Ta Chittlehampton North Bideford Milverton Templecombe Taunton Curry Kingsbury Clovelly Tracey South Molton Marston Langford Bampton Episcopi Henstridge Shaftesbur y Hatch Atherington Hartland Ilchester Magna Wellington m The cliffs of north Devon bear the full Budville Oakford Buck's Cross Milborne Port Holcombe Martock Trent Corfe Beauchamp Meshaw 12 Woolfardisworthy force of the Atlantic Ocean. The entire Great Torrington Stalbridge Rackenford Rogus Petherton South Staple Fitzpaine Buckland Sherborne Yeovil Sturminster Sampford Roborough King's Nympton British land mass is gradually tilting, with Ilminster Broadway Bishop's Caundle Tor r id Brewer Newton Peverell ar t Witheridge Beaford Merriott Culmstock g Combe Morewenstow Shillingstone Little D East Chinnock Stibb Cross uplift continuing on the west coast, Chulmleigh St.Nicholas Worlington Tiverton Uffculme Yetminster Bradworthy Hazelbury Merton Crewkerne Chawleigh Dolton while the east faces the increasing Willand Chard Kilkhampton Chetnole Bryan Blandford Misterton Shebbear Petrockstow Cullompton Upottery Yarcombe threat of flooding Winkleigh Lapford Forum Cheriton Bickleigh Bude B ay Sheepwash Winsham Evershot Broadhembury Stratton Fitzpaine Bude Morchard Bishop by the sea. Chardstock Winterborne Holywell Broadwindsor Stockland Hatherleigh Holsworthy Copplestone Silverton Stickland Thorncombe Bradninch Cerne Abbas North Tawton Highampton Thorverton Marhamchurch Beaminster Piddletrenthide Honiton Dalwood Exbourne Bow 13 Crediton Maiden Newton C ly Axminster Clawton Yeoford Godmanstone Halwill Northlew Poundstock Fairmile Broad Clyst Bere Regis Powerstock Folly Gate Ottery Shute Week St Mary Pinhoe Pi dd Musbury Charmouth Bridport Frampton Puddletown Ashwater Okehampton Rockbeare St. MaryColyton Crackington Haven le South Zeal Tedburn Whitestone Dorchester Exeter Bratton Sidbury Chideock Colyford Mary St Lyme Moreton Clyst St Mary Roadford Boyton Clovelly Whiddon Down Litton Winterbourne Frome Burton Ex Regis Seaton Dunsford Boscastle Marshgate Broadmayne Reservoir Bridestowe e Cheney High Willhays Topsham Bradstock Abbas Beer Kennford Wool 621m Exton Sidmouth Lewtrenchard Portesham Preston Owermoigne Egloskerry Tintagel Hallworthy Chagford Moretonhampstead Abbotsbury Otterton Lydford Broadwey Lifton West Lulworth Port Isaac Launceston Starcross Osmington Camelford Budleigh Salterton North Brentor Lustleigh Bay Delabole Brown Willy Lewannick Chillaton Chickerell Chudleigh 14 Weymouth Durdle Exmouth Port Isaac Widecombe in 420m Mary Tavy Bovey Tracey Door Fivelanes Moor the St Teath Ly m e B a y Polzeath Milton Abbot D a r t m o o r Dawlish Bodmin Moor Ideford Weymouth Bay Fortuneswell North Hill Tavistock Princetown Two Bridges Heathfield St. Minver Trevose Head Teignmouth Colliford Isle of Portland Bickington Padstow Easton Reservoir Newton Abbot Gunnislake Portland Bill Horrabridge Ashburton Temple Pensilva Babbacombe Wadebridge Callington St Issey Yelverton Kingskerswell St Neot Bay Watergate Torquay Bodmin Buckfastleigh Bere Alston St. Mellion Dobwalls el St Mawgan Dart ey Bay Hope’s Nose Bere Ferrers Ply ow Liskeard Dartington St. Wenn h TORBAY St Columb Major Tamerton Foliot 15 Paignton Totnes Saltash PLYMOUTH South Brent Newquay Mountjoy Tor Bay St Germans Bugle Lostwithiel Ligger Plymouth Plympton Ivybridge Dittisham Sandplace Brixham Lanreath Bay Newlyn East Halwell St Blazey Torpoint St Dennis St. Ives West Looe East Looe Summercourt Modbury Plymstock Kingswear Perranporth Bay Fowey Goonhavern St Ives Dartmouth Millbrook Yealmpton St. Agnes St Austell Aveton Gifford Carbis Bay Polruan Polperro Whitsand Rame Stoke Fleming Grampound Newton Ferrers Porthmeor St Austell Slapton Bay Porthtowan Lelant Hayle Start Bay Tresillian Kingsbridge Tregony Morvah Bay Portreath Ludgvan Bigbur y Thurlestone Mevagissey St Ives Torcross Cape Truro St Just St. Day B ay Boswinger Cornwall Marazion Bay Hallsands Malborough Gorran Haven Redruth St Ives Penzance Feock Start Point Salcombe Carbis Bay Camborne Veryan Dodman Point Newlyn Prawle East Porthmeor Lelant Hayle Eddystone Rocks Prawle Point Stithians Lands End Sennen Penryn Mousehole Morvah Ludgvan St Mawes Cape Mount 's l e Leedstown Treen Cornwall St Just Falmouth Marazion Isles of Scilly B ay Falmouth Bay Penzance Helston Breage Mawnan Smith Newlyn New St Martin's Lands Grimsby Mawgan Porthallow Porthleven End Sennen Mousehole Gunwalloe Higher Town Tresco St Keverne Treen Mount's Coverack HughTown St Mary's B ay Mullion Ruan Minor St Agnes (same scale as main map) Landewednack D E F G H Lizard Lizard Point B dy

Q

u

S O M E R S E T

St

o ur

E

A

N

w

rr To

O

C

i dg e

e

st

I C

D ORSET

N

Axe

O t te r

T

m ar Ta

D E V O N

Teig

L

A

n

Tavy

F

m

m

Ye al

n

Er m e

er

Fal

n Ly

C O R N WA L L

Avon

T

Cam

A

l

i

s

h

Hay

E

g

le

Ha

y

xxxvi

THE BRITISH ISLES: SOUTHERN ENGLAND N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

land Eng Bedford

Transport and industry Gloucester

a

Bristol

Cropredy

O

N

I SH

Sharnbrook Harold

2

Southampton

Brighton Portsmouth

Bournemouth

Exeter

Poole

l C h a n n e

i s h g l E n

3

M

BR

ID

GE

Roxton

Great Barford Sandy

Kempston

Sherington

Newport Pagnell

Bedford

SH

Cardington Biggleswade

Milton Keynes Ampthill

S U F F O L K

IRE

Potton

RE BE DF OR DS HI Shefford

Ashwell

Royston Barley

capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

food processing hi-tech industry light engineering printing & publishing tourism

aerospace car manufacture chemicals engineering finance

Milton Ernest

Lavendon

se Ou Wolverton

Stony

A

Swineshead

MILTON KEYNES

Hanslope

C

RE

Olney

Gre at

Wroxton Swalcliffe

Dover

E n g l a n d

Yeovil

Torquay

Southend-on-Sea

Croydon Guildford

Basingstoke

LA

N

R

TH

AM

O PT

Mickleton Chipping Campden

Reading

Bath

Major industry and infrastructure

HIRE W IC K S WA R

HIRE

Watford Slough LONDON

s

le W

AT

m The luxury homes and offices at Canary Wharf are part of the Docklands development project, an attempt to revitalize east London following the decline of the dockyards and provide space for the expansion of the City of London.

Chelmsford

Oxford

Swindon

N

T

IC

Throughout the southeast, service industries are growing, most notably in the areas of tourism, business support and retailing. At the heart of the capital, the City of London is one of the world’s leading financial centres. In contrast to the N EA flourishing service sector, engineering industries such as C O aerospace and car manufacture have faced long-term decline. Lightweight manufacturing industries such as pharmaceuticals and electronics are expanding around cities and along major transport corridors such as the Plymouth Penzance M4. The southwest remains far less industrialized.

1 Colchester

Luton

4

5

Great Chesterford Steeple Bumpstead Ridgewell Saffron Walden Great Yeldham

Elmdon Wendons Ambo

Henlow Sible Therfield Great Sampford Ridgmont Clophill Stotfold Stour Hedingham Barkway Langley Newport Parkeston Finchingfield ck Flitwi Letchworth Woburn Blockley Buckingham ck Baldo y Bletchle Harwich 6 Halstead Pelham ield Hook Norton Brent Manningtree Bardf ted lay Great Thax n-le-C Barto ick Great Brickhill MoretonEarls Colne Tingew rd Padbury ingfo Ramsey Bunt gton Deddin Ardleigh Mile End Quendon Stansted Bocking Stanway in-Marsh Streatley Stoke Hammond Wix Bishop's Toddington t Oakley Hitchin Grea Colne Somerton Great Tew s Wake treet w ster ern Stratton rchs Stow-onWinslo chet che Walk Chu Col Mountfit Ardley Cleeve Winchcombe Ch Leighton Buzzard Puckeridge Chipping Norton Audley Steeple Claydon Linslade C Walton-onthe-Wold lm Wivenhoe Weeley Stansted Great Offley Stanway Stevenage er Braintree Lower Heyford Marsh Gibbon Whitchurch Wing Bishop's The-Naze Middle Takeley LUTON Whitwell all Enstone gesh Cog e Whit table Thorrington Duns mow ford Stort Knebworth Great Dun Barton ton-on-Sea r Frin Biceste Bledington Marston y North n Notle Luto Charlbury Cheltenham Layer-de gsea Hatfield am edon htlin n ng on Hadh Kelv Brig Wootto Rodi Kirtlingt Much yate High on Mark IRE Kimpt MSH Bourton-onWhipsnade GHA n-Sea aye Broad Oak KIN Luton nd-o -la-H BUC Holla Charlton Kings ree Tipt rn the-Water Shipton-underSt Osy th Woodstock Blacktho Salcott Ivinghoe Waddesdon Clacton-on-Sea s Witham Wychwood Sawbridgeworth Harpenden Terling Aston West Mersea Hertford H i l lGreat Rissington Aylesbury Clinto Jaywick Ware Brill d n s Dagnall Wheathampstead 7 ow Leaden Great t D'Arcy Harl shun l Tolle Withington rel Peve Islip ield yn Hatf Welw Stone r Oakley Kidlington l Hemel sbur y Waltham Roding w o Colesbourne Northleach Hatfield Garden City Witney Heybridge Tolle a l Tring Long Crendon Stanton St. John esdon Moreton Roxwell Hempstead Blackw Hodd Burford Sea over -onAldsworth i Wend Eynsham well Brad Haddenham Winstone Chelmsford Maldon Broxbourne Fyfield Headington Carterton Berkhamsted H Bibury St Albans Cheshunt Ducklington Oxford Great Baddow Danbury Wheatley Tillingham Thame Waltham Epping Princes Risborough Hatherop s Barnsley r Abbot r Onga Cumno ping n th Chip Norto y Tetswor ley Cold Abbe Clanfield Cuff n Cowley i Potter's Bar Great Bampton Southminster Chesham Langley Cirencester Stock Ingatestone Fairford mes South Woodham Chinnor Missenden Little Missenden Tha Buckland Kingston Bagpuize Rettendon Watford Borehamwood Enfield Burnham-on-Crouch Kelvedon Poulton Ferrers Stadhampton hton Hazlemere Amersham Loug Lechlade e Elstre Crouch Billericay Hatch Abingdon Barnet Ashingdon Edmonton Stokenchurch Chalfont Wickford Kemble South Cerney Faringdon Rickmansworth Watlington e Dorchester 8 d ford Ashton Keynes twoo Hanney s East well Bren Foulness Island Roch Chig th Green r ley Highwor Wood Finch St Giles o Steventon Rayleigh High Wycombe Cricklade Va l e o f W h i t e H Benson Crudwell Didcot Harrow Tottenham ildon Bas Hadleigh SOUTHEND n Beaconsfield ring Hendo Harwell Wake t ford Grea Rom Shrivenham Minety Wallingford -ON-SEA Shoeburyness Nettlebed Marlow Bourne End Gerrards Cross Ilford Hackney Purton Benfleet Uffington East Wantage Charlton Uxbridge Dagenham South Cookham Cholsey HenleyWembley ope Challow h am e s Blewbur y Brinkworth SWINDON Canvey Southend-on-Sea Rainham Stanford-le-H Stoke Ashbury Great ames g on-Th Coryton WINDSOR Poges Slough Southall Ealin d London City Somerford Swindon THURROCK Thames Islan Allhallows Maidenhead East Ilsley Streatley Goring Acton m Lambeth Woolwich Wootton Bassett Wroughton Grays SLOUGH Wargrave Lambourn AND Grain Cliffe Stoke ha leet Sutton Lyneham Purf Eton Erith Chaddleworth ow urne Sheerness Heathr Pangbo h MAIDENHEAD Baydon Benger on Richmond upon Greenwic ford Tilbury ME DWAY Dart Minster Isle of Sheppey ING Twyford Ogbourne READ sor Great Shefford W E S T Yattend Wind slow Catford Broad Hinton Houn Margate Tilehurst es Tham up ne George St. m Sidc Aldbour Chieveley Hoo L Higha d North KNEL Hilmarton Gravesen Hermitage Leysdown-on-sea Westgate on Sea Reading BRAC Kingston Streatham Beckenham Egham ley Eastchurch ulver Bay Swan ne Ramsbury Kenne ST Rec Foreland Her FORE E R am I H Earley Gillingh Theale Rochester BERKS Merton Staines upon Ascot Calne Avebury Marlborough t Hunger adstairs le Bro Whitstab ford Rainham Thatcham Wokingham Bracknell Minster Bromley FarninghamMeopham Sunningdale Thames Sarre Beckhampton sgate n Burghfield urne ydo Ram ngbo Cro Sitti tham Cha AM Upstreet sey Orpington Froxfield Kintbury INGH ridge Chert WOK Weyb Overton West dham Ash y aston Woul Newbur Alderm Bishops Stour Pegwell Bay Boughton Crowthorne Av o n C a Great Bedwyn Sutton Chobham Sturry Purley Esher Grove Snodland Cannings hurst Street field n d Burbage Bagshot Biggin Hill Faversham Sandwich N o r t Bred Tadley Swallow Sandhurst Epsom et a Shalbourne n s Wrotham Banstead h Sandwich Bay w Wingham Ash Alton Priors Ke n n Bisley Woking Byfleet o ury ere terb shill D Kingscl Can ng Worm D Malli West ow m East Grafton Highclere Hartley Camberley Hacklinge Knaphill Seend Devizes th Ightham Bramley Leatherhead Warlingha Doddington y r e n ry e ton Pewsey East ids Ripley ham o Ma ey Cater Wintn s Vernham Dean Fleet Chilham Pirbright Bridge N Deal Urchfont rietsham Lenh orth Hannington Hook am Everleigh Sevenoaks Aylesham Send Old Basing Mereworth Har East Horsley Tadw erham Walmer Upavon Farnborough Langley Charing Petham Barham Hurstbourne Reigate Shipbourne Loose Oxted West Basingstoke Eythorne shot Alder Ludgershall lock ce l Chal Valen n swel Tarrant Odiham Shepherd Yalding Be Sutto South Ash Godstone Crockham Hill M Overton u ole Redhill Wye Tonbridge Cliddesden Crondall Wootton Guildford Foreland North Tidworth Whitchurch e Leigh Dorking Netheravon Farnham Shalford Outwood Edenbridg Medway Paddock Wood Whitfield Kennington Weyhill Herriard Headcorn Wonersh St Margaret's Tilshead Salisbur y Plain Thruxton m South Holmwood Elha Hurstbourne Priors ford Bentley e Ash Leith Hill Elstead ourn ield Brab Lingf Cliffe y at Horle Durrington Bulford Pembury Marden Staplehurst Godalming 294m Andover Lasham Alkham Penshurst Dover Charlwood Gatwick Kingsnorth Stonehenge Cholderton Smeeth Frensham Lyminge Milford Southborough Chitterne Preston Alton Biddenden ridge Wells Capel Tunb Ch l Bridges Roya Three rst Ewhu Grateley Sutton Amesbur y 31 an Witley Candover High Halden Goudhurst East Grinstead Lympne m ne Scotney Cranleigh Lamberhurst Codford St. Peter Crawley Folkestone Chawton Micheldever Hindhead ile l T Idmiston Cranbrook Woodchurch y Canal Stapleford Forest Row Frant s ( un Middle Wallop Medstead Hythe Ardingly Bordon Headley r Chiddingfold Rudgwick r a 50 nel Wate t Crawley l d t Bew stree Winterbourne Earls l Ham i T h e l Selborne km W e augh Tenterden New Alresford Reser voir Great Wishford Stockbridge ere Haslem ) Worthy boro Kings Crow am re be st hly ledo Horsh Balcom khur King's Hoat App Haw West ok Ropley Dinton Lipho ch Northchapel chur Easton Dym ey e mn Somborn Ro Salisbury t Handcross Nutley Rotherfield Wittersham Oaks hurs Five Tice ster Tisbury Wilton r Winche Bramdean rst Fernhu Bodiam Lurgashall BrooklandMarsh e Liss Cheriton Harnham Alderbur y Mayfield Billingshurst Monk's Gate Haywards Rot Rake New Romney Etchingham her Wisborough Green Swallowcliffe West Dean Braishfield Twyford ov Heath Northiam Cuckfield Peasmarsh Coolham Greatstone-on-Sea Broad Coombe Stroud Robertsbridge Petersfield Whiteparish D Meon West Lydd Hursley rth urne Petwo Easebo Adur Chalke Bissett Horns Cross Rye Newick Cowfold Heathfield Uckfield East Meon Midhurst Camber of Romsey Downton Ridgewood Mountfield Rother Brede or n e Burgess Hill Meonstoke South Harting it Fair Oak Cra nhba s e Martin Eastleigh Winchelsea geness point Pulborough tpier Dun le a Hurs Batt S o West Wellow g u Cockin C Sixpenny Handley th D r Bishop's Bramshaw own Storrington Henfield Guestling Green St Waltham Hambledon Ringmer Hellingly Herstmonceux Ditchling Compton Fordingbridge Bury s Damerham SOUTHAMPTON Fairlight Horndean Steyning Amberley Cadnam Ninfield Lewes South Malling Rowland's Castle Singleton Botley Wickham Ore Totton Sout ham Minstead Cranborne Findon Waterlooville Slindon h D Glyndebourne Hails Hastings Southampton Ne w Fores t Arundel ShorehamVerwood own Polegate Bexhill Emsworth on Havant ght BeauHythe Bri Ibsley Lyndhurst s Titchfield by-Sea Chichester Angmering Rottingdean Pevensey Ringwood Fareham Portchester Fawley Hove Bosham Newhaven Alfriston Willingdon Littlehampton Burley Wimborne u Calshot PORTSMOUTH Goring- Worthing Beaulie N HTO h mout BRIG hurst Minster Ports Brocken Middleton- by-Sea Pagham Exbury Eastbourne Gosport Ferndown Bucklers Hard Seaford AND HOVE Sopley New South Hayling East Dean Bognor on-Sea olen Milton Boldre 13 e S EasttCowes Broadstone East Wittering Regis hy Head Hurn h Beac T Cowes Ryde BOURNEMOUTH Lymington Selsey Fishbourne POOLE Christchurch Seaview Bill Selsey th Bembridge Bournemouth Yarmou Shalfleet Newport Poole Poole Totland Freshwater Wareham Brading HT WIG OF ISLE Bay The Needles Shorwell Brook Sandown Corfe Studland Brighstone Godshill Castle Shanklin Quesnard Point The Foreland Alderney St. Anne Swanage Kimmeridge Ventnor 14 Chale St Catherine's Point Niton St Aldhem's Head

Banbur y

Akeley Stratford Beachampton Woburn Sands

Bloxham

R.

e

en Ev

ol

ne

lo d

STERSHIRE

e

E S S E X

HE RT FO RD SH IR E

C

h

i

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r

Ro

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ng

Lea

te

OX F OR D SH I R E

W

na

l

T

es

T

LONDON

SURREY

W I LT S H I R E

lt

K E N T

WEST SUSSEX

EAST SUSSEX

Av o n

Ou

se

Ar un

Meon

Itchen

Roya

lM i

Te s

t

HAMPSHIRE

Pea ceh ave n

li e u

l

En

A F R

P

Q

R

S

T

Jersey

St Aubin

Corbière Point

(same scale as main map)

W

(British Crown Dependency) St John

Trinity

St Peter

V

16

JERSE Y

St Mary

U

E

30

C

s

20

15

N

nd

O

Sark

Groznez Point

m Leeds Castle, near Maidstone, is one of a number of important castles in the southeast. First started in the 12th century, the castle has been inhabited continuously, and has been extended and rebuilt countless times.

30

projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

N

St Martin’s Point

la

Miles

Is

10

l

ute

5

ne

0

20

Herm

ST. PETER PORT

(British Crown Dependency)

Scale 1:1,000,000 10

a ro

Torteval

GUER NSEY

5

el

Dé

Guernsey

0

ed

St Sampson

King’s Mills

Km

ag

an

g

h

h

Pa ss

h

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C

C

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X

Rozel Gorey

ST HELIER

17

Y

Z

xxxvii

THE BRITISH ISLES

1

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

Central England

Km 0

30

OL DH A M

SLE

WARRINGTON

Warrington

E ST E R NCH

A TR

D OR FF

MA

LENS

ORD LF

M TA

BA RN SLE Y

E ID ES Hollingworth

STOCKPORT

Glossop Derwent Reservoir

Kinder Scout 636m Hayfield

O

F

E

OW

ST

AN

SA

y

20

SH

KN PO ER LIV

Birkenhead

10

R

N

Wallasey

Hoylake

HE

FI

TH

EL

a

k

D

Upton

Y

D O Lymm Bamford L Widnes Hope New Mills Handforth age Stretton WIRRAL Hathers Thurstaston Bebington Manchester Chapel-en Whaley Bridge Eckington Runcorn HALTON Bradwell le-Frith Heswall Knutsford Wilmslow Great Merse y eld n Dronfi Bollingto Eyam Budworth Frodsham Willaston Staveley Dove Holes Ellesmere Alderley Edge Prestbury Wea Whittington Buxton Tideswell ve F L Neston Port Hurdsfield Northwich Baslow Chesterfield Helsby r Chelford IN Edensor Weaverham Burton Burbage Macclesfield Davenham Birdholme Ashford in T Bakewell the Water Allgreave Chapel Holmes Tarvin Chester Flash Middlewich Winsford Longnor Youlgreave Clay Cross Saltney Tarporley Elworth Congleton Eccleston Winster Matlock Aldford Church Minshull Sandbach Hartington De Higham r we Alfreton Matlock Bath Mow Cop Biddulph Leek Bunbury Crewe Tattenhall Alsager Brassington Parwich Kidsgrove Crich Burwardsley Burford Broxton Endon Ripley Wirksworth Cheddleton Tissington Shavington Tunstall Nantwich Tilston Kniveton Ipstones Audley n d STOKE-ONGrimsby Belper Heanor Scunthorpe Cellarhead Walgherton E n g l a rne Ashbou Hanley TRENT Bickley Moss Malpas Kingsley Mayfield Weston WREXHAM Aston Newcastle-under-Ly me Birkenhead Duffield on-Trent EllastoneUnderwood StokeMadeley Warrington Audlem Woore Alton Quarndon Cheadle rd Brailsfo Macclesfield Chesterfield Whitchurch Whitmore N o Upper Lincoln Adderley r t Rocester Longford Tilstock Tean Barlaston h Ightfield Crewe Ashley St Martin's Derby E n g l a n d Stone Ellesmere S E Drayton r Doveridge Market Uttoxete Stoke-on-Trent Welshampton Standon Hilderstone Etwall DNormanton Sudbury Selattyn r o p s h i Derby Prees Nottingham Sandon Grantham Northwood Un i o n C a n a l Hengoed Hatton Cheswardine Chellaston Great Stafford Hodnet op Burton upon Trent Yarmouth Oswestry Whittington Cockshutt Wem Willington Trent Norwich s h i Eccleshall Shrewsbury Draycott in Tutbury Telford r Weston Burlton e rne Melbou Clay the Leicester Un Child's Ercall West Felton Walsall Trefonen i o Woodseaves Stafford Winshill Clive Wolverhampton Burton upon Trent Peterborough Myddle Breedon Sutton Coldfield Lowestoft West Bromwich Cross Weeping Gnosall Shawbury on the Hill Birmingham Kinnerley Baschurch Pant Dudley Edgmond Yoxall Swadlincote al Haughton Cannock Hadnall Rugeley Coventry Crudgington Nesscliffe Albrighton Zouch la de Ashby Newport Church Eaton Chase High Ercall Se v Cambridge er n Overseal Northampton Armitage King's Alrewas TELFORD AND WREKIN Coalville Penkridge Ipswich Worcester Bromley Donnington Measham Shrewsbury Rodington Hadley Sheriffhales Gailey Wellington Hednesford Lichfield Ibstock Oakengates Whittington Cannock Westbury Brewood Barlestone Wroxeter Telford Shifnal d Hay Twycross Cheslyn th n Dawley Pontesbury Tamwor Brownhills E n g l a Minsterley Albrighton Codsall Market Bosworth Cressage Bloxwich WALSALL Polesworth Fazeley Ironbridge WOLVERStoke Aldridge Gravels Broseley Golding HAMPTON Wednesfield tr y C Atherstone Shelve Much Leebotwood Willenhall Walsall Kingsbury n hampto Wolver a n Chirbury ey Bilston Wednesbur y Cardington Wenlock Major industry and infrastructure Sutton Coldfield al Hinckl Sedgley Morville Tipton ELL Wombourne Nuneaton Church Stretton major towns food processing aerospace West Bromwich Bridgnorth e Lydham Coleshill Dudley Hope Wolvey dg international airports hi-tech industry brewing Smethwick Castle Bromwich Ditton Priors Quatt Bowdler ck E Bedworth major roads metallurgy car manufacture Bishop's Castle Oldbury o Amblecote l Fillongley n L e major industrial areas Billingsley pharmaceuticals ceramics EY Wistanstow Stourbridge BIRMINGHAM Birmingham Longford W COVEN Ansty printing & publishing chemicals Bournville Olton Meriden Craven Arms Clee St Margaret Halesowen Kinver Newcastle Clun Highley textiles engineering Solihull Allesley TR Hagley Kings Norton Shirley fish processing SOLIHULL Clungunford Belbroughton Kidderminster Bromfield Bitterley Tem Longbridge Knowle Balsall Bewdley Dorridge Catshill Leintwardine Cleobury Ludlow Kenilworth Alvechurch Chaddesley Corbett Bucknell Clows Top Mortimer Princethorpe Walford Bromsgrove Royal Hartlebury Wigmore Woofferton Stourport-on-Severn Redditch Henley-inLeamington Spa Lingen ArdenClaverdo n Tenbury Wells Orleton Studley Astwood Great Witley y Ombersle Warwick Southam SCALE 1:560,000 Bank Wootton Mortimer's Cross Teme Barford upon Clifton h Droitwic Bearley 0 5 Wawen 10 Km Kingsland Hadzor Harbury Martley Feckenham Snitterfield Hatfield Hallow Leominster 10 Miles 5 0 Inkberrow Alcester WA RW I C K S H I R E Whitbourne Pembridge Worcester Arrow Alveston Wellesbourne Bromyard Crowle Monkland Alrewas Stratford-upon-Avon Penkridge Kington STAFFORDSHIRE Hope under Tem Powick Spetchley Kineton n -on-Avo Bidford e Almeley Elford Dinmore Measham Hednesford Bishampton Weobley Marston on Long Ettingt Kempsey Gailey n Harvingto Sarnesfield Heath Hayes Lichfield Cannock Malvern Link LEICESTERSHIRE Halford Pershore Burntwood South Littleton Malvern Great Middle Tysoe Staunton on Wye Whittington Evesham Brewood Ilmington Withington Cheslyn Hay Clifford Defford Credenhill Bosbury Twycross Brownhills al Shipston-onHereford M H Welland Upton upon Severn Dorstone Albrighton Stour Shenstone Blakemere Tamworth Ledbury Codsall Mordiford y Bredon Broadwa Polesworth W Vowchurch Aldridge Eastnor Bloxwich Fazeley Fownhope WOLVERLong Compton Kingstone Kings Thorne HAMPTON Wednesfield Michaelchurch Abbey Dore Willenhall WALSALL Much Marcle Atherstone Tettenhall Escley v Kingsbury Kings Caple Longtown an Walsall al Wolverhampton Pontrilas Sutton Peterstow Bilston Wednesbur y WARWICKSHIRE Ross-on-Wye Coldfield Sedgley St Weonards SANDWELL Nuneaton Church End Wombourne Lea Tipton West Bromwich Goodrich Whitchurch Dudley Oldbury BIRMINGHAM Coleshill West Kirby

e

CHESHIRE

DERBYSHIRE

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New Brighton

30

KIRKLEES W

a l B

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projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

SE

4

The mass production of iron and steel, ceramics and textiles was important in this region from the end of the 18th century onwards. This great industrial base provided an ideal location for automotive manufacturing throughout much of the 20th century, particularly around Coventry and Birmingham. In recent years, the growth of hi-tech and service industries, particularly in and around Cambridge, has attracted new investment, while agriculture remains important in both Hereford and the East Anglian counties.

L

Scale 1:900,000

The industrial regions around Birmingham, Coventry and the Potteries of Stokeon-Trent, the dramatic hills of the Derbyshire’s Peak District, and the windy fenlands of Lincolnshire and Norfolk, all illustrate the great diversity of England’s central counties. Many of the most important developments of the Industrial Revolution occurred in this area, including the construction of the canal system. The traditional industrial heartland remains the most populous part of this region with far lower densities in East Anglia, although counties such as Cambridgeshire have recently seen large influxes of people from the crowded southeast.

Transport and Industry

K

i s t r i c t

A

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SAND W

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Birmingham

Coventry Y

POWY S

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W A L E S

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an

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r

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STA FFO RD SH IRE

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t Tren

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WORC ESTER SHIRE

The West Midlands S hr

op s

Avo n

HEREFORDSHIRE

hire

v ill ern s

al n Un i o C a n

13

ye

Co

Ta m

C

Se

tr y

er

n

ve n

14

DUDLEY

Smethwick

an al mC

ha

Shirley

Knowle

Dorridge

Kenilworth

Alvechurch

Henley-in-Arden Studley Wootton Wawen

Ombersley

A

xxxviii

Astwood Bank Hadzor

B

Cubbington

WARWICKSHIRE Warwick

Royal Leamington Spa

Claverdon Bearley

St

Droitwich

on

Redditch

ra t f o r d u p

Wo rc

er

an

d Bir

mi

ng

Stoke Prior

17

Coventry Balsall

E

WORCE STE RSH I R E

Allesley

COVENTRY

HIR

Chaddesley Catshill Corbett Stourport-onBromsgrove Severn Hartlebury e st

16

SOLIHULL

C

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U LO

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OXFOR

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Kings Norton Longbridge Belbroughton

Meriden

Solihull

Symonds Yat

IRE

UT

Bournville

Hagley

Kidderminster

Ansty

Birmingham

Olton

Halesowen

N

RSH

O

Kinver

Fillongley

Birmingham

Stourbridge

Bedworth

M

Amblecote

15

MO

Castle Bromwich

Avo n C an al

Kingswinford

E ST

F

G

H

c One of the most important developments of the Industrial Revolution took place at Ironbridge. In 1709, Abraham Darby I discovered how to smelt iron ore using local coke, rather than charcoal, of which there was a shortage. This paved the way for the mass production of iron, used for bridges, ships and buildings. I

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THE BRITISH ISLES: CENTR AL ENGLAND N

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c The moorlands of the Peak District National Park in northeast Derbyshire attract more visitors than any other National Park in the British Isles.

F YO R K S H I RE ING O

1

KINGSTON UPON HULL

2

ER

ber

Hum New Holland Winteringham Goxhill East Halton South Ferriby Barton-upon Garthorpe -Humber Thornton Curtis Appleby Ulceby Flixborough Immingham Worlaby Habrough Crowle Amcotts Great NORTH

Scunthorpe

IRE LINCOLNSH Broughton

Croxton Keelby

Coates

Grimsby

m Bright yellow rape-seed fields are a typical sight in the Fens – a vast area of reclaimed marshland in eastern England. The Fens are one of England’s richest agricultural areas, growing a wide range of crops including potatoes, fruit and sugarbeet.

NORTH EAST LINCOLNSHIRE

3

Trent

A

ST

thorpes Great Limber Clee Brigg Laceby Bigby Grasby Humberston ngham Messi Scawby Swallow Waltham Tetney C Wroot Hibaldstow North Kelsey Marshchapel N Haxey Caistor Cabourne North O Thoresby Owston Scotter Kirton in Fulstow North Somercotes D Lindsey South Kelsey 4 Ferry Thoresway Ludborough Misterton Blyton Saltfleet Waddingham Binbrook Map key rby Fothe Corringham Glentham Morton Tealby ERH Everton West Rasen Saltfleet by St Peter Grimoldby Elevation Population Gainsborough ord Ludf AM Beckingham n Rase Louth Market Carlton Mablethorpe t Grea Wheatley Faldingworth 1 million to 5 million Blyth Hayton Willingham e ern With West Legbourn Carlton In Spridlington 500m / 1640ft 500,000 to 1 million Marton Snelland Barkwith Sutton on Sea Lindrick Maltby le Sturton by Stow Retford 5 by Wrag sh 100,000 to 500,000 Mar Worksop 250m / 820ft olme Dunh y blesb Scam Huttoft Newton on Saxilby Apley 50,000 to 100,000 on ford Gamst Belch rd ell Alfo Trent Whitw Brinkhill 100m / 328ft Nettleham ber Chapel St Leonards Ulceby Clowne Reepham Baum 10,000 to 50,000 East Markham Nether Willoughby y ells Harb ldm rd sea level Ingo Tuxfo Langwith Lincoln Partney below 10,000 Thimbleby Horncastle Bardney Candlesby Kirton Bolsover Ollerton North Scarle Thorpe on Seathorne ton all Brans Laxton Buckn Spilsby Old Bolingbroke Warsop n-on- the Hill Burgh le Marsh St e towe Kneesall Carlto Pleasley Edwins Trent Waddington Haltham Skegness Woodhall Spa Keal epin 6 East gham Collin Harmston Metheringham g Mansfield Caunton Revesby ford Stick ts Sain All y gham fleet ngsb Bassin Coni Wain ld Ashfie in nby Sutton Nave Stickney Eastville Farnsfield Kelham Walcot Kirkby in Newark-on-Trent Dogdyke Friskney Digby Ashfield Blidworth Southwell Billinghay Beckingham inton Kyme Rusk North Sibsey Balderton Wrangle Blakeney Point Leadenham South Kyme Langrick Claypole Leasingham Wells-nextHucknall Bleasby ith Benington next e Holm Blakeney rd am Sleafo a Sheringham Brancaster the-Sea Arnold Lowdh Flintham Caythorpe Eastwood ert's m the Sea 7 Butterwick Heckington Hubb rstrand e Weybourne Joyce Bridg Burton ket on Mar m mer Ove Bost ngton nha Cro Bur NOTTINGHAM ford Honi T h e Hunstanton Ringstead Trimingham Holt am n Radcliffe East Bridg ringh Carlto Help d am eshea Binh Swin Barkston Ilkeston Mundesley Roughton North Creake on Trent Bingham Bottesford Kirton Bicker Wa s h Heacham Welby Little Walsingham Osbournby Stapleford Docking Bacton Trunch Sedgeford laske Sutterton Mat Grantham Sedgebrook Holbeach le Melton Constab Fosdyke St Matthew Snettisham Donington Ropsley North Walsham Erpingham West Bridgford Beeston Belvoir d Saxthorpe Dersingham Gedney Happisburgh East Gosberton Cotgrave Colston Bassett Long an Denton Folkingham Fakenham West Holbeck Rudham Drove End Wolferton Hindolveston Palling Aylsham Eaton Ingoldsby Branston Keyworth Harby Stalham Sea Rudham sh rgh Mar Rybu Great Ponton t st Grea Gui Gotham Sandringham Dunsby Hickling Corby Foulsham Cawston Smallburgh Lutton Pinchbeck Holbeach th Sou East Leake Upper Waltham on Skillington pley Har n Buxton East Raynham Reepham Glen Pinchbeck West Catfield Horsey the Wolds Long Sutton Broughton Wootton Hillingto ston Kegworth Moulton Hevingham Grim Coltishall Terrington Whaplode Rougham S o ar Swayfield Morton Wymeswold Winterton-on-Sea Scalford Colsterworth King's Ludham ent ell Spalding Sutton Sutton North Elmham Clem desw St Baw Hathern Saxelbye Melton ge ne am ton eton Brid Bour rth Swan Hov am Lynn Ma Edenh ge Saxby Lyng brid ton Gay Attle Cowbit St James Loughborough Castle Bytham Mowbray Deeping Morley Tydd St Mary Wroxham Litcham Hemsby Little Bytham St Nicholas Ormesby St Margaret ole St Peter Middleton ton Horsford Holbeach Walp Dray Shepshed Barrow upon Asfordby Wymondham Stretton Thurlby SoarSileby Billockby St Johns T h e Castle Whitwick Baston F e n s Wiggenhall Setchey Costessey Sprowston Rearsby Whissendine Ashwell Greetham Caister-on-Sea East Dereham Essendine Acre Mountsorrel Narborough Gedney Hill Acle Bure Wendling St Germans ingham Hon ich Market Deeping rw am No Marh h Wisbech burg Baw on Nect land m Crow Empingha Great Yarmouth Shipdham Syston Twyford Emneth Shouldham Halvergate Swaffham Markfield ne Murrow Stamford Ya Brundall Oakham Cringleford Peakirk Rutland Burgh Castle s Ne ham Broom ham e Stradsett ley Cley T Barn Finc r Bridg d Cock y Frida h a e e Bro Water LEICESTER OU GH Guyhirn Manton Hethersett Swardeston Gorleston-on-Sea PE TE RB OR Eye gham Outwell Downham Oxborough Ketton Glenfield Reedham Thorney Belton Billesdon Preston Hilborough Hin Easton on the Hill Marholm Hopton Upwell m Market dha mon Wy oke Bro North y ham Ferr e don Ford Stok Lod East Norton Desford erbnorough Watton Oadby PetFletto Wi sse y Corton Duddington Luffenham Ashwellthorpe Christchurch Old Uppingham Harringworth Northwold Wansford Wigston Caston March Isle of rough ton Flotman Hales Haddiscoe ebo New Attl B Earl Shilton hery Sout Hallaton ey Weln King's Cliffe ed Whittlesey Lowestoft Ely Mundford Long Stratton Narborough Kibworth Methwold Hempnall fo Farcet Elton Great Hockham Oulton Broad Wimblington Gretton Breckland Ditchingham Countesthorpe Harcourt rd Medbourne Benwick am y kenh Yaxle tham Wre Colville New Buc r Bungay Doddington Broughton Astley Le ey Beccles Carlton Feltwell Hockwold cum Wilton Corby v e l Manea Waven Market Stoke Albany Stilton Oundle Lutton East Harling Kessingland Littleport Pulham Market ham Redis Ullesthorpe Gilmorton Harborough Holme Brigstock don hall sey Bran Ram Kenning Chatteris Little Downham Little Ouse Thetford Harleston Lutterworth Husbands Wrentham Great Gidding Sawtry Desborough Rumburgh Lakenheath Garboldisham Bosworth Diss ngton Geddi Ely l Pailton Mepa n ngford Wa ham North Kilworth Clipsto Barn n orth Row field Sutto Beck Met Halesw Warboys Rothwell Thrapston Swinford Kettering Southwold Redgrave Welford Witchford Fressingfield Hoxne Somersham B ly t h Brinklow Naseby Walberswick Mildenhall Honington Barningham Cranford St John is Haddenham Stretham Isleham Alconbury esdale Mell Eye Stradbroke mfield Bot Bluntisham Bra Rugby Yelvertoft Thornby Lamport Broughton Burton Latimer Bly thburgh Stanton Icklingham Earith West Spaldwick Laxfield St Ives Wicken Soham Walsham le Willows Dunwich Ingham Heveningham Yoxford Crick HaddonNORTHAMPTONSHIRE Raunds Cavenham Willingham Thorndon n ingdo Dunchurch am Hunt ingh l on Finn hal orth Fined orth Ixw Brixw Fordham Chippenham PeasenA Westleton ester anch Godm Spratton Kilsby ld e Kimbolton Wellingborough Kentford Saxtead Burwell Rushden Long Buckby Offord D'Arcy Cottenham Graf ham unds East Haddon Moulton Elmswell Mendlesham Framlingham Leiston Sizewell Moulton Bur y St Edm Ox am r ter enh Wate Irches Deb ow ngton Barr Braunston Oaki Waterbeach Earls Barton Saxmundham Great Staughton Haughley Beyton Newmarket G Wollaston Kingsthorpe Histon Elsworth Farnham Eltisley Daventry Thorpeness Rattlesden St Neots Stonham Earl am pton ingh Dull tham ge Nor Bec n rid Weedo 12 mb Ca Lidgate Depden ourn Fulb ket Wickham Market Aldeburgh mar ket Stow Mar Bozeat Badby Needham Bugbrooke Un l Comberton Great stal Tun Otley i Abbotsley Wickhambrook Cockfield Gransden Trumpington ey Hastings Charwelton Everdon o n C a Yardl nal Hartest Butley Hitcham Claydon Grundisburgh Great Eversden Great ShelfordBalsham Thurlow Orford Woodford Halse Harston Roade Offton Byfield Gamlingay Hundon Lavenham Woodbridge Blisworth denham Sawston Orwell Tud d sfor Orford Ness eld Glem ersfi n With Blakesley Bildesto ham tles on Lint Mar reth Shep ster Towce Cavendish Bramford Sutton Duxford MILTON Culworth ford Mel g reth am Lon Meld e ich tlesh Hin Clar sw Ip Haverhill Or Hollesley Silverstone Middleton Melbourn w Steeple Whittlebury se KEYNES Helmdon Cheney Bawdsey Sudbur y Hadleigh u Boxford Nacton 13 Morden Belton Epworth

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E d g e

NOTTINGHAMSHIRE

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Nottingham

NORFOLK

LEICESTERSHIRE

RUT LAN D

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ea

t Ouse

Leicester

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m

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Ouse

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Stoke-by- Capel St Mar y Nayland Holbrook Stour East Bergholt Stratford St Mar y

Shotley Gate

Kirton

Old Felixstowe

Felixstowe

14

E 15

b Chatsworth House near Matlock in Derbyshire is the home of the Dukes of Devonshire. It was built between 1687 and 1707, and is a masterpiece of the Baroque style of architecture. The grounds and gardens were designed by Capability Brown in the 1760s.

c The ancient peaks of the Malvern Hills rise from the floodplain of the river Severn. Their dramatic profile can be clearly seen for miles around.

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DSHIRE

SUFFOLK

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King's Brackley Sutton Croughton Aynho

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Gra n d

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Syresham Farthinghoe

A n g l i a

E a s t

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CAMBRIDGESHIRE

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m Britain’s canal system was built to transport goods to and from industrial centres such as Birmingham. The rise of the railways, which were more flexible, rendered the canals obsolete. Severe road congestion is now leading to serious consideration of the rejuvenation of some canals for industrial traffic.

X

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16

17

THE BRITISH ISLES A

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Northern England

1

Transport and Industry 5

6

L

T O

C

Scale 1:900,000

Once the centre of heavy manufacturing, service industries now dominate the northern economy, following a difficult period of transition. Massive inward investment by multinational companies has helped northern England retain a majority share of current manufacturing activity in the UK. New light engineering and car production plants have developed in and around the region’s cities, alongside more traditional industries such as iron and steel, and textiles.

Km 0

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projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

D

d

100,000 to 500,000

n la

t

10,000 to 50,000

m The Laxey Wheel on the Isle of Man – 72 ft (22 m) high is the largest waterwheel in the world. During the 19th century it was used to pump water from the nearby iron ore mines.The ‘Three Legs of Man’ on the front of the wheel is an ancient symbol, first thought to have been used by the Vikings.

South Shields Sunderland

Carlisle

8

Hartlepool

N

Middlesbrough

o

r

Bride Andreas

Jurby West

Sulby Ramsey Bay Ramsey Maughold

Ballaugh Kirk Michael

Peel

major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

iron & steel metallurgy printing & publishing shipbuilding textiles tourism

12

Calf of Man

Askam in Furness

ISLE OF MAN (British Crown Dependency)

Barrow-in-Furness Vickerstown

10 Miles

EY

16

WIRRAL

Speke Liverpool

Heswall

Holywell

Burton

Flint

xl

B

C

BLACKPOOL Kirkham Wrea Green

Lytham St. Anne’s

hes

te r

l C an a

Lymm Bowdon

Hale Manchester

Stretton

Stockport

Southport Ainsdale

SEFTON

Bramhall

Marple Hazel Grove New Mills

er Liv

Poynton

Handforth

po

n Wilmslow Knutsford CHESHIRE Alderley Edge Prestbury

Great Budworth Wea ve

Helsby

D

r

Northwich

Weaverham

Chelford

E

F

G

Bollington

m The spectacular gothic-revival architecture of Manchester Town Hall recalls the great wealth and civic pride of the city at the height of the Industrial Revolution.

Hurdsfield

H

Maghull

B a Crosby ol

Litherland

I

J

WIRRAL

K

L

Kirkby

Bootle

Liverpool

Macclesfield

Hartford

Burscough

Ormskirk

Formby

STOCKPORT

Cheadle

Gatley

Freckleton Hesketh Bank Banks

B o l li

Frodsham

CHESHIRE

Altrincham

Runcorn

Ellesmere Port

Neston

A

nc Ma

Mersey

Willaston

17

Widnes HALTON

Garston

Bebington

Blackpool

OL PO ER LIV er M

Thurstaston

Upton

TRAFFORD

Warrington

Birkenhead West Kirby

Preesall Thornton Wy re Great Eccleston Poulton-le-Fylde Elswick

y

SL

WARRINGTON

Huyton

Glasson

Cleveleys

MA

OW

Liverpool

Hoylake

Overton

Pilling

Fleetwood

E ST E R

Manchester

N

15

Morecambe Heysham

NCH

ay

14

Aldingham

Morecambe Bay

Chorley

Eccleston

GrangeoverSands Dalton-in-Furness

Isle of Walney

BLACKBURN Edgworth Littleborough Ramsbottom Belmont WITH DARWEN Tottington Rufford Coppull Rochdale Milnrow Adlington BURY ROCHDALE Horwich BOLTON Heywood Ainsdale Bury Parbold Denshaw Burscough Blackrod Bolton OLDHAM Standish Radcliffe LANCASHIRE Aspull Royton Little Lever Whitefield Ormskirk Westhoughton Chadderton Skelmersdale Wigan Formby Middleton Farnworth Oldham Prestwich Atherton Up Holland Hindley Swinton Pendlebury Mossley Failsworth WIGAN Maghull Tyldesley Salford Leigh Ashton- TAMESIDE Rainford SALFORD Billinge under-Lyne Crosby SEFTON Eccles Kirkby Stalybridge Droylsden ST HELENS B l Dukinfield Litherland K Haydock oo Denton Helens St p Hollingworth Stretford r Newton-leBootle Knowsley ve Hyde Li Willows Urmston New Brighton Bredbury Cadishead Sale Partington Romiley Wallasey LIVERPOOL

Southport

13

Cark

Bardsea

10 Km

5

0

Greenodd Cartmel Arnside

Millom Ulverston

Haverigg

a

The Northwest

5

C U M B R I

e

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St. Mark’s

Whinlatter Pass

DOUGLAS

Ballasalla Castletown Port St Mary

Greystoke

Skiddaw 931m Penruddock Scales Dacre Braithwaite

Cockermouth Bassenthwaite Lake

Silecroft

S

Dalby South Barrule 483m Colby

Port Erin

SCALE 1:560,000

Laxey Laxey Bay St. John’s Clay Head Crosby Foxdale Onchan

Patrick

Low Hesket Westnewton Rosley Sebergham Mealsgate Caldbeck Aspatria Ireby Gilcrux Bothel Uldale Skelton Dearham Derwent Bassenthwaite

Distington Loweswater Crummock Keswick Ullswater Sandwick Water Parton Kirkland b Whitehaven Buttermere L ake Helvellyn Cleator Frizington r i 949m St Bees Head Moor Ennerdale a D i st r ic t Kirkstone Water n Pass St Bees Langdale Egremont Scafell Pike M Pikes Grasmere o 977m Nether u n Ambleside Calder Bridge Wasdale Wast tai Water d don Sellafield Gosforth Du Windermere n s Eskdale Green Seascale Windermere Coniston Drigg Esk Bowness-onHall Dunnerdale Ravenglass Windermere Ulpha Coniston Winster Water Satterthwaite Crosthwaite Bootle Broughton Cartmel Fell in Furness Newby Bridge Grizebeck Whitbeck

h

aerospace brewing car manufacture chemicals engineering food processing hi-tech industry

Snaefell 620m

Isle of Man

s

Major industry and infrastructure

i

d a n E n g l

le s

Point of Ayre

Rue Point

r

Wa

11

sea level

I

10

High Harrington

Kingston upon Hull

Wakefield Huddersfield Bolton Wigan Barnsley Manchester Oldham Rotherham Liverpool Stockport Sheffield

Maryport Flimby Seaton

York Leeds

Bradford Preston Blackburn

Blackpool

Allonby

m

I r i s h S e a

Mawbray

Workington

100m / 328ft

Houghton

Beckfoot

500m / 1640ft 250m / 820ft

Rockcliffe

Carlisle

Kirkbride

u

a S e

Scarborough Barrow-in-Furness

Douglas

h

C

t h

Whitby

Elevation

Haggbeck

Longtown

Kirkbampton Wetheral Newton Great Orton Silloth Arlosh Abbey Town Thursby Cummersdale Dalston Wigton

lw

below 10,000 Newcastle upon Tyne

rt

ay

c

So

S

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Catlowdy

Smithfield

Skinburness

50,000 to 100,000

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Bowness-on-Solway

500,000 to 1 million

o

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Map key

UM

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AN S IE

Population 7

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b Blackpool’s famous tower, built in 1895, stands as a testament to the rise of the tourist industry in late 19th century Britain, as workers from the nearby Lancashire cotton mills and Yorkshire woollen mills flocked to the town on their annual holidays. Blackpool remains a popular tourist resort today.

The dramatic Pennine range provides a central upland spine for northern England’s fine and varied landscape, flanked to the west by the famous Lake District. The modern world’s first industrial cities, including Manchester, Sheffield and Bradford, rose to greatness across this region from the mid 18th century, fuelled by local coal fields, with each specializing in particular trades including textiles, metal products and shipbuilding. The decline of manufacturing – particularly in the heavy industries – in the 20th century hit northern England hard, leading to prolonged economic depression. However, following major economic restructuring in the late 1980s, the north has been highly successful in attracting foreign investment. The great industrial cities such as Manchester, Liverpool, Leeds and Newcastle have maintained their position at the centre of northern England’s cultural and economic life.

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THE BRITISH ISLES: NORTHERN ENGLAND N

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Chopwell

Ebchester Shotley Bridge

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Wingate

West Auckland

Whitburn

Sunderland

Newton Aycliffe

Staindrop

Hartlepool

Hartlepool Bay

Tees Bay

Wolviston

Dormanstown

STOCKTON-ON -TEES ees T ham Billing

Heighington

Washington Rowlands Gill Birtley SUNDERLAND Ryhope Stanley Shiney Row

5

HARTLEPOOL Seaton Carew

Sedgefield

Shildon

Gateshead Boldon

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Ninebanks

S o ut h

Castle Carrock Knarsdale

Prudhoe Blaydon GATESHEAD

Riding Mill Slaley

Allendale Town

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Hexham

Wallsend Hebburn SOUTH TYNESIDE

Horden

Coxhoe Trimdon Colliery Cornforth Trimdon Hart Ferryhill

Coundon

Hamsterley Bishop Auckland

South Shields

Newcastle upon Tyne

Peterlee Wheatley Hill

4

E

Lambley

Haydon Bridge

Corbridge

Willington a We Crook Spennymoor

S

Haltwhistle

Wall

Thornley Bowburn

Brandon

Easington Colliery

Easington

D U R H A M

Capheaton Thockrington

P

Greenhead

Brampton

Newbiggin-by-the-Sea Tow Law

Sherburn

Durham

Ridsdale

Hadr Newbrough Bardon Mill

Gilsland

Seaham Houghtonle-Spring Murton Hetton-le-Hole

Framwellgate Moor

Morpeth

N

Kirkcambeck

Sacriston

3

Ryhope

Shiney Row

Chesterle-Street

Satley

Bedlington Whalton Blyth Stannington Blyth Newsham Belsay Seaton Delaval Wark Cramlington Birtley Colwell Milbourne Whitley Bay Ponteland Stamfordham Pont Newcastle North NORTH TYNESIDE Chollerford Chollerton ASTLE l NEWC l Gosforth Shields Tynemouth Wa UPON TYNE ian’s

Bewcastle Butterburn

Washington

Sunderland

H

Falstone Greenhaugh West Woodburn Mitford Cambo or Kirkwhelpington t h Ty n e Hartburn

SUNDERLAND

Stanley

Lanchester

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N O R T H U M B E R L A N DAshington

Bellingham

Hethersgill

Druridge Bay Widdrington The Scars

SOUTH TYNESIDE Whitburn

Felling Boldon Castletown Birtley

2

South Shields

Hebburn

Gateshead

Rowlands Gill

Consett

Tynemouth North Shields

Wallsend Jarrow

GATESHEAD

Shotley Bridge

Amble

Acklington

Felton

Newcastle upon Tyne

Ebchester

Broomhill

Longhorsley

Elsdon

Otterburn

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NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE Gosforth

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Rochester

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Longbenton

Chopwell

Birling

Whitley Bay

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Longframlington

Longhoughton

NORTH TYNESIDE

Newcastle

Ryton Blaydon Prudhoe Whickham

Dunstan Howick

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10 Miles

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Ponteland

Newburn

10 Km

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Cramlington

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Farne Islands Bamburgh Seahouses North Sunderland

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The Northeast

Holy Island

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SCALE 1:560,000

Berwick-upon-Tweed Tweedmouth Norham Ancroft

V

South Bank

6

Redcar

Marske-bythe-Sea Grangetown

Middlesbrough

Stockton-on-Tees

Derwent Reservoir Castleside

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REDCAR AND DARLINGTON Seaham Ormesby Chester Great Burdon Thornaby on Tees CLEVELAND Winston Consett le-Street Kirkhaugh on-le-Spring Hought dge Piercebri Guisborough Carr Shield ES Cumrew Murton Nunthorpe BR Darlington Lanchester Hetton-le-Hole s Allenhead OU Armathwaite Alston ton Easing G H Satley Durham Rookhope Egglescliffe Sherburn Peterlee Nenthead High Hesket Renwick Brandon Cowshill Hill ey Stanhope Wheatl Lazonby Kirkoswald Garrigill Eastgate Tow Law Gamblesby Wingate Coxhoe Willington St. John’s Chapel Wear Wolsingham Melmerby Trimdon Hart Hartlepool Crook oor Cross Fell Spennym Langwathby Hartlepool Bay Ferryhill 893m Brockleymoor Langdon Beck HARTLEPOOL Seaton Carew Coundon Blencarn Penrith Tees Bay Green Cow d Aucklan Newbiggin Bishop REDCAR AND Sedgefield Culgaith Shildon Reservoir Tees West Redcar CLEVELAND Wolviston Aycliffe Newton Temple Sowerby -inMiddleton Auckland Mickleton a Cliburn T South Bank Saltburn-by-the-Se Teesdale Billingham Heighington Pooley Bridge Crackenthorpe Romaldkirk s n-Tee Loftus ton-o Stock s Staindrop gh Staithe d brou Westmorlan Appleby-inMiddles Bampton Hinderwell Skelton DARLINGTON Barnard Castle Winston Eston North ON h STOCKT Guisboroug Warcop Stainmore Piercebridge Startforth Lythe Crosby Shap ON-TEES Darlington MIDDLESBROUGH Ravensworth Ugthorpe Whitby Brough Caldwell Bowes Greta Bridge Haweswater Hurworth-on-Tees Great Ayton Croft-on-Tees Winton Stokesley Te Ness Point Melsonby Great Broughton Castleton Egton Esk Sleights Crathorne Barton Orton Kirkby Stephen Shap Hutton Westerdale Robin Hood’s Bay Gilling West Lune Glaisdale Fell s Rudby Scotch Corner Ravenscar Welbury m At low tide, Holy Island – or Lindisfarne – Langthwaite Tebay Swainby Richmond Ravenstonedale Keld Forest Hall Staintondale becomes linked to Northumberland by a rocky H Reeth t Brompton Seave Green le Abbey Roseda k Catteric Harwood Dale The Calf Feetham Catterick Camp Osmotherley n d Cloughton causeway. Lindisfarne is famous for its Staveley Thwaite a 676m Kiplin el Grayrigg Northallerton monastery, which was founded in AD 635, and Langdale End Lowgill s r ev o Mo k r l Yo r k s h i re D a l e s Barden Patrick YoHardraw h t Romanby r No C Scalby also the beautifully illustrated Lindisfarne Castle Bolton Brompton Sedbergh Lastingham Hawnby Leyburn Hackness Kendal Knayton Thornton-le-Street Scarborough Askrigg Gospels, which were written there. Hawes Bedale gton Oxenholme Sinnin rside Kirkbymoo Bainbridge S en Thornton- Ayton Boltby Middleham Dent t Kirby Irton Cold Aysgarth n Natland Middleton Cayto le-Dale Snape Burneston Stalling Busk Thirsk Filey Carlton Sedgwick Helmsley Pickering East Witton Brompton SkiptonWell Levens Muston Whernside Barbon Filey Bay ngton nt Yedingham y Nunni e Sowerb kirk w Oswald Healey Mansergh r on-Swale 737m Wh e anby e Horsehous R Hunm ye D Ampleforth ar f e Staxton Masham Milnthorpe Ribble Head ton Hesler West Kirkby Lonsdale Reighton Beetham gham urn Hovin Sherb Buckden Bempton Middlesmoor Burton-in-Kendal Foxholes Ingleborough Pen-y-ghent Rillington Slingsby Brandsby Flamborough Malton Norton 723m Whittington Dishforth Kettlewell Burton Fleming 693m Silverdale Kirkby Malzeard Ripon Flamborough Head Weaverthorpe Brafferton Easing wold Horton in Ingleton Rudston Winksley n North Grimston Sheriff Langto Ramsgill s r Over Bulme Clapham Ribblesdale Bridlington Melling Hutton d Langtoft hbridge ton Boroug Kellet Stilling Austwick pe Conistone Hilderthor Hornby High Birdsall Bishop Monkton Kilham O Stainforth Sledmere Tollerton Sutton-onBentham Bolton-le-Sands Burton Agnes Marton Pateley Bridge Grassington Leavening Garton-onthe-Forest Giggleswick MalhamThreshfield Bridlington Claughton Lune Flaxton Newton olds Bridge r the-W Summe Burton Leonard Strensall Ripley Caton Linton Nafferton Settle Kirkby on-Ouse Friday thorpe Barmston Bay Burnsall Lancaster Malham Rylstone Hutton Sand ng Wetwa h waite boroug Hampsth Knares Shipton Driffield Airton Haxby Skipsea Scotforth Kirkburn Long Preston Beeford Stamford Bridge Hellifield Blubberhouses Upper Galgate F o r e s t o f letonngham ate Midd Frodi Harrog ss North Fangfo Embsay York on Dalton Popplet North Wigglesworth Fewston Marshaw on-the- Hutton Atwick Gargrave Wilberfoss Long Marston Spofforth YORK Slaidburn Cranswick Wolds Skipton Addingham Dolphinholme Broughton Pocklington Hornsea by Fulford Wether Wh Cockerham B o w l a n d Newton Holden Gisburn ton Carleton Elving Weeton ar f e Brandesburton Burnby Lund Wighill Earby Naburn Silsden n Hayto Otley ne Winmarleigh sthor Siggle Grindleton Ilkley Harewood Collingham Leven Wheldrake Barnoldswick Glusburn Menston Tadcaster Market Weighton Pool Everingham Waddington Garstang rnwick k Bardsey Bramham Withe Escric E Foulridge Guiseley SH IRSouth Catterall Keighley Skipwith Aldbrough DI NG OF YO RK Ulleskelf Thorner Clitheroe EA ST RI Yeadon Colne Beverley Bingley Holme-onSkirlaugh Church Fenton Cawood Riccall Barrowford ngton Trawden Walki S LEED ith Bubw Mitton Spalding-Moor GSTON Burton Garton Brierfield KIN Shipley Wistow Aberford Saxton Longridge Great ble Haworth Gunby Hotham Tunstall b Cottingham Barlby Whalley Nelson Sherburn Ri Broughton Ribchester UPON HULL Pidsea BRADFORD Pudsey Eastrington North Cave Wressle Padiham in Elmet Roos th Burnley Garfor Cave n Kippax South gsto Kin Selby Great Harwood Halsham Withernsea Howden Fulwood Rothwell Queensbury Hambleton Elloughton Hebden se Rishton Clayton-le-Moors Welton upon Hull Keyingham m Morley Temple Bridge Aire Shelf Accrington Castleford ber Hook Preston Holly Airmyn m u Hirst Halifax Brighouse Cleckheaton Hessle H Forest of Knottingley Carlton Laxton Faxfleet Walton-le-Dale Ottringham Todmorden BlackburnRossendale Patrington Normanton Snaith Batley Goole Haslingden Pontefract Easington Longton Withnell Bacup CALDERDALE Dewsbury Ossett stone D on Darwen Walsden Sunk Island Leyland Rawtenstall C a l d e r Wakefield Feather IRE Elland Mirfield Kilnsea BLACKBURN Wentbridge H Euxton Whitworth use S Sykeho Croston Littleborough WITH DARWEN N ld ersfie Hudd LD L EFIE m WAK orth Ramsbotto Edgw Askern Golcar Fishlake Eccleston Chorley Thorne CO orth Spurn Head Belmont Tottington ROCHDALE KIRKLEES Kirkburton Hemsw Adlington IN Rufford Royston South Kirkby Stainforth Rochdale L Marsden Denby Horwich BURY Parbold ld H Hatfie Street le k Darton Adwic Meltham Heywood Dale Denshaw T Bolton Bury R Cudworth Royton Standish DO NC ASTEArmth Barnsley OR orpe Darfield Bentley Middleton OLDHAM Holmfirth Skelmersdale Wigan BOLTON N Dunford Farnworth BARNSLEY Wombwell Prestwich Oldham Bridge Hindley Atherton Penistone Mexborough Finningley Swinton TAMESIDE Rainford WIGAN Conisbrough Leigh Langsett SALFORD Salford Ashton-under-Lyne Billinge New Rossington Chapeltown e Eccles Stalybridg Rawmarsh Stocksbridge ST HELENS Wadworth Ecclesfield Tickhill Hollingworth Stretford St Helens Bawtr y Rotherham Grenoside Hyde Urmston Maltby Knowsley Newton-leSale ELD FFI SHE ort HERHAM Stockp Willows Partington ROT oft TRAFFORD Sheffield Marple Aston Thurcr c Steep scree slopes Dinnington STOCKPORT WARRINGTON Altrincham Fulwood Hazel Grove descend to the edge of h Anston Cheadle swort Hand Hale Blanchland

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Leeds

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Doncaster

SH CHE N

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Wast Water in the Lake District. A large glacier scoured the lake bed to 45 ft (15 m) below sea level during the last Ice Age.

GH

Manchester

HALTON Speke

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Manchester

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Flannan Isles

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Brenish

Daliburgh

Mingary

Stoneybridge

of

Ha

Lochskipport

Wiay

Benbecula

Harris

Rodel

Milovaig

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Rubha Hunish Kilmaluag

Shiant Islands

Lemreway

Knock

Eye Peninsula

Garrabost

Broad Bay Portnaguran

North Tolsta

Butt of Lewis Port of Ness

Melvaig

Port Henderson

North Erradale

Polbain

Reiff

Lunna

Mossbank Sullom Voe Hamnavoe

Ollaberr y Ulsta Burravoe

Fitful Head

Quendale

Scousburgh

Gunnista

Levenwick

Sandwick

Easter Quarff

Bressay

Kirkabister

Lerwick

Toab Sumburgh Sumburgh Head

Boddam

Hoswick

Wester Quarff West Burra

Scalloway

Hamnavoe

Silwick

South View

Gletness

Tresta Laxfirth Sand Easter Skeld

Mainland

Gruting

Unifirth

Culswick

Walls

Skarpigarth

Dale of Walls

Aultbea

Lubcroy Strathcanaird

Lochdrum

Gruids

Out Skerries

Funzie

Fetlar

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Loch Vaich

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Ardgay

Easter Ardross

Loch Brora

L

Birsay

N

Rackwick

Rousay

Backaland

Rinnigill

Lyness

Hoy

Flow

Kilmuir

R o s s

Wilkhaven

Portmahomack

Balintore

Hill of Fearn

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Nigg

Tain

Dorno

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Braeswick

Eday

Sanday

Lythes

Perth

Glasgow

Dunfermline

Perth

Scotland Dumfries

Prestwick

g

Dundee

n

Edinburgh

E

Banff

MORAY

Lerwick

Peterhead Aberdeen

Edinburgh

Dundee

Wick

Aberdeen

Inverness East Kilbride

Glasgow

Dunfermline

Greenock Paisley

Fort William

Banff Inverness KirkwallPeterhead

Wick

Kirkwall

major towns Lerwick international airports major roads major industrial areas

aerospace brewing & distilling chemicals engineering fish processing food processing hi-tech industry printing & publishing textiles

Eastcoal Kilbrideand iron Advanced engineering and electronics have replaced the old Kilmarnock ore-based manufacturing industries that once dominated the central Ayr Prestwick lowlands. North Sea oil and gas operations have generated many g Dumfries n thousands of new jobs in servicing and processing industries, although E growth has been curbed since the late 1980s by falling world oil prices.

Transport and Industry

H

Ayr

Kilmarnock

Stonybreck

Malcom’s Head

Fair Isle

Q

Major industry and infrastructure

P

Scotland

Greenock Paisley

Fort William Stornoway

Stornoway

Copinsay St Margaret's Hope

Southtown

Cornquoy

Burray

Start Point

Sandquoy

Newark

Orkney Islands

Skaill Gritley

South Ronaldsay Pen Burwick tlan d Firt h

Longhope

Bow

Flotta

Toab Houton Foubister LinksnessS St Mary's

capa

Kirkwall

Island of Stroma

T

The North Sound

ORKNEY ISLANDS

Westness

O

N E A

Broughtown

Holland

Westray Firth Calfsound

Midbea

C

N

North Ronaldsay Hollandstoun Papa Westray

O Broughton

Mull Head

C

Westray

Wasbister

T

I

M

Odie Egilsay Aith Whitehall Brinyan Stronsay Stronsay Twatt Redland Gairsay Firth Rothiesholm Dounby Gorseness Shapinsay Isbister Auskerry Balfour Mainland Finstown Work Sandgarth

Melsetter

Ward Hill 481m Rackwick

Stromness Rora Head

Yesnaby

Brough Head

Helmsdale

Dornoch h Clashmore F i r t Tarbat Ness

Littleferry Embo

Golspie

N

Gordonbush

Lothmore

Brora Rogart Pittentrail

Spinningdale

Edderton

E a s t e r

Kincardine

Muie

Br or

Bonar Bridge

Inveran

Lairg

Colaboll

Shinness

Invercassley

Oykel Bridge

Oykel

Beinn Dearg 1084m

Ardcharnich

Leckmelm

Loch Broom

Ardmair

Opinan

Lochan Fada

Fionn Loch

Knockan

Loch Shin

Ben More Assynt 998m

Ledmore

Drumrunie

An Teallach 1062m Auchindrean

Ardressie Dundonnell

Ullapool

Annat Bay

Achiltibuie

Elphin

Stronechrubie

Cape Wrath

Loch Sionascaig

Enard Bay

Inverkirkaig

Gruinard Bay

Gairloch

Poolewe

Haroldswick

K

Dunnet Head Duncansby Head Du Brough nn John o'Groats et B ay Dunnet Scrabster Faraid Head Strathy Point Freswick Thurso Achiemore Castletown Durness Portskerra Dounreay Auckengill Leirinmore Armadale Keoldale Midfield Bowertower Westfield Strathy Melvich Reay Skerray Loch Keiss Talmine Loch Bettyhill Portnancon Calder Halkirk Sheigra Watten Heilam Coldbackie Noss Head Reiss Spital Dalhalvaig Tongue Kinlochbervie Watten Eriboll Achriesgill Mybster Ben Hope Westerdale Ganu Mór Wick Rhiconich 927m Loch Loyal 908m e s s t h n Ben Loyal Thrumster Handa Laxford Bridge i a C s Sarclet Alltnacaillich 764m Forsinard ur Achavanich Arkle Syre Scourie Th Loch 787m Bruan Badcall Meadie Loch Achfary Eddrachillis Loch More Rimsdale Loch Latheron Lybster Altnaharra Bay Naver Kylestrome Oldany Morven Ben Hee Ben Klibreck 705m Dunbeath 873m Kinbrace 721m Meall Nan Con Drumbeg Unapool Balchladich Borgue Loch Choire Quinag 961m Clashnessie 808m Clachtoll S u t h e r l a n d Berriedale Loch Assynt Kildonan s d a l e Inchnadamph Rhian Lochinver

Summer Isles

Laide

Loch Ewe Naast

Rubha Reidh Cove

Ham

Foula

Sullom

Hillswick

Voe

West Sandwick

Yell

Houbie Otterswick

Grimister

Mid Yell

SHETLAND ISLANDS

Heylor

Isbister

Islands

Unst

Baltasound Westing Cullivoe Clivocast Belmont Sellafirth Gutcher

Gloup

Norwick

Herma Ness

Brae Swining St Magnus Vidlin Bay Roesound Whalsay Muckle Laxo Roe Gonfirth Symbister Papa Voe Stour Neap Aith Garth Brettabister

(same scale as main map)

Rubha Coigeach

A N O C E

b The Shetland Islands are the most northerly part of the British Isles, and were part of the Kingdom of Norway until the 15th century. Their economy remains reliant on the sea, with incomes mainly from fishing and North Sea oil.

O Stenness Esha Ness

A

C Shetland

E

N

Burrafirth

Y

Loch Glass

HIGHLAND

Sgurr Mor 1110m Loch

Invergordon irth Balblair Cromarty yF

Alness

ABERDEENSHIRE

Kinnaird Head Lossiemouth Branderburgh Sandhaven Hopeman Fraserburgh Findochty Portknockie Duffus Cullen Portsoy Rosehearty Spey Burghead Macduff Inverallochy Glascarnoch Flodigarry Kingston Bay Loch y Evanton Buckie Memsie St Combs Talladale Redpoint Whitehills Fannich Kilmuir Ben Wyvis Digg Loch r a Findhorn Kinloss Elgin rt Portgordon Banff Gardenstown New Aberdour Lochluichart 1046m a Lhanbryde Rathen o Maree Taagan m L och Rattray Head Staffin Alves M ro Black Isle To Garve Mosstodloch R o s s Forres Loch r ri Crimond New Pitsligo W e s t e r Strichen Fochabers Gordonstown Cornhill Uig Dingwall Rosemarkie Fort George Nairn d Lower Diabaig Liathach Kinlochewe Luichart Strathpeffer Fearnmore New Leeds New Byth Geary Loch St. Fergus Fortrose Achnasheen 1053m Knock Newmill Aberchirder Snizort Conon Bridge Auldearn Briach Milton Cuminestown Old Denhead Contin Avoch Rona Ardersier Mintlaw Farmtown Tore Dallas Torridon The Storr Munlochy Castle Stuart Maud Deer o Peterhead Longside Lusta Keith Marybank r Turriff e Rothes 719m Milton Shieldaig De v Loch Cawdor New Deer B u c h a n Glenernie Scardroy Craig Muir of Ord Burnhaven Croy Inverkeithny Kensaleyre Beauly Firth Stuartfield Damph Clola Craigellachie Cairnie Ferness Bernisdale Buchan Ness Archiestown Orrin Beauly Boddam Carbost Inverness Balnacra Auchnagatt Reservoir Kirkhill Dunvegan Brochel Charlestown of Aberlour Drumchardine Fyvie Loch Hatton n Huntly Badenscoth Applecross Methlick r Isle Dufftown Strathcarron Monar Daviot Aitnoch Cruden Bay Farrar Ben Rinnes Dava Bridge of Avon Lochend Ardarroch o f Portree Raasay th Struy 840m Tombreck Whinnyfold an Lochcarron Lettoch Dores Sgurr Na Lapaich Tulloch Colpy Achnastank Skye Crowlin Ellon Bracadale Moy Tarves 1150m Loch Inverarish ron Kennethmont Islands Collieston Oldmeldrum Ca r Pitmedden Peinchorran Duntelchaig Stromeferry Cannich Grantown-on-Spey Scalpay Loch Cabrach Pitcaple Rhynie Insch Cromdale Tomatin Drynoch Duirinish Plockton Loch Drumnadrochit Newburgh Carbost Dulnain Bridge Sconser East Croachy Auchleven Leslie Inverurie Mullardoch The Buck Balmacara Knockandhu Kyle of Lochalsh Sligachan Tomich Torness Loch 721m Lumsden Port Elphinstone Newmachar Carrbridge Dunan Kyleakin Alsh Dornie Ben Attow n Corry Errogie Tomintoul Nethy Bridge Inverinate Kemnay Foyers Balmedie 1032m Alford Kintore Sgurr Alasdair Torrin Broadford Loch Affric Invermoriston Shiel Bridge Garten of Boat Glenkindie Loch Mhor Whitehouse Monymusk Blackburn Glenelg Dyce 992m Strathdon

in

Grosebay

Scalpay

Loch Seaforth

Ardhasaig

M

Laxay

Cromore

Stornoway

Achmore

Arivruaich

Balallan

Luskentyre Tarbert

Leverburgh

Lochmaddy

Gramsdale Ronay

Crulivig

Clisham 799m

Scarastavore

rri s Newtonferry

Clachan-a-Luib

South Uist

Stilligarry

West Gerinish

Creagorry

Baleshare Monach Islands Balivanich

North Uist

Tigharry

Boreray Vallay

Berneray

Pabbay

Ensay

Toe Head

WE STE RN

Taransay

Hushinish

Tong

Barvas

Newmarket Breasclete

Isle of Lewis

Loch Roag

Shawbost

Bragar

Shader

C T I

Carloway

N

Tobson

Loch Langavat

Meavaig

Timsgarry

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ISL ES

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Great Bernera

T

m The Scottish fishing industry accounts for more than 60% of the UK’s fish and shellfish catch. Peterhead is the eu’s top whitefish landing port and is one of the main fish processing centres in the UK. Overfishing of the North Sea has severely depleted stocks.

Kirkibost

F

This rugged northern region of Britain was an independent state until the Act of Union with England in 1707. Almost three quarters of the people live in the heavily industrialized central lowlands, which lie between the high moors of the southern uplands and the rugged highlands and islands of the north. Since the 1970s, development of the North Sea oilfields has given Scotland a critical role in the British energy industry. Following a period of increasing autonomy under the Scottish Parliament, a referendum scheduled for 2014 will decide whether Scotland wishes to separate from the UK and become an independant nation.

Scotland

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THE BRITISH ISLES

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Scotstown

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Blair Atholl

Spittal of Glenshee

The Cairnwell 933m Beinn A’Ghlo 1120m

Inverey

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Mountain s

Ben Macdui 1309m

Cairn Gorm

1245m s Cair ngor m

Coylumbridge

Beinn Dearg 1008m lt Ti

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Insh

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Aviemore

Alvie ns t a i Kincraig oun

Kingussie Newtonmore Laggan

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Loch Ericht

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Fort Augustus

Loch Laggan Invergloy Inverroy Moy Loch Moy Loch Treig

Clunes

Loch Lochy

Loch Garry

Tomdoun

Loch Loyne

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Blackwater North Ballachulish Kinlochleven Reservoir Rannoch Station Glencoe Gle n C Ballachulish oe Loch e Duror h Camasnacroise n Laidon Bidean Nam Bian in Drimnin L 1150m Loch Ba h Rhemore Portnacroish Claggan Glasdrum Port Appin Lochaline Loch Tulla o

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ARGYLL AND BUTE

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Mull of Galloway

Maryport

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Burrow Head

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Strontian Inversanda

Morven 871m

DA N G U S

Tarfside

Ballater

Braedownie Clova

Lochnagar 1154m

Balmoral

Dee

Bucksburn Dunecht Kirkton of Skene Westhill

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Map key

Catterline Arbuthnott

Stonehaven

Downies Newtonhill

Cove Bay

Aberdeen

Bridge of Don Old Aberdeen Girdle Ness

Fettercairn Inverbervie Laurencekirk Gourdon Edzell Marykirk Johnshaven e St Cyrus r Keithock

Fordoun

Drumlithie Auchenblae

Rickarton

Banchory Strachan

Bridge of Dye

Marywell

Kirkton of Durris

Tarland Lumphanan Echt Torphins ABERDEEN Logie Coldstone Cults Aboyne Kincardine Peterculter Dinnet Portlethen Crathes O'Neil

Boultenstone

Colnabaichin

Bridge of Gairn

Crathie

Corgarff

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DUMFRIES AND GALLOWAY

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FIFE

Edinburgh

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Point of Ardnamurchan Salen Ardnamurchan Glenbeg art Kilchoan un hS Sorisdale Loc

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Scale 1:1,125,000

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Cleadale

Teangue Armadale Ardvasar u So Mallaig

Gairlochy Arisaig o u Eigg Spean Bridge nd Glenfinnan Galmisdale of E Loch Eil Banavie Lochailort igg Roshven Muck Kinlocheil Corpach Port Mór Fort Loch Shiel Camusnagaul William Ardtoe Ardmolich Ben Nevis

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Carn Eige Dalchreichart 1182m Loch Cluanie

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Hebrides

Sea of the

Kilmory

Kinloch

Harris

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The Saddle 1010m

Loch Hou Corran Kinloch r Hourn

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Kirkton of Calvine Population Brechin o Loch Cortachy Glenisla Kirkmichael Montrose Tummel Bridge Pitlochry 1 million to 5 million Rannoch h Esk t T Inchbraoch u o m S Loch u mm Kinloch Schiehallion Kingoldrum Finavon Ballintuim Kirkton of 1083m Tummel 500,000 to 1 million e Rannoch h l Kirriemuir Lunan Bridge Ballyhaugh Coll Forfar Friockheim Grandtully Ballinluig Bridge of Cally of Gaur Bay Tobermory t 100,000 to 500,000 P E R T H ay Aberfeldy Letham Arinagour Arileod Alyth Inverkeilor T Loch an a Glamis Douglastown St Vigeans Dervaig Acha Fortingall Innerwick 50,000 to 100,000 Blairgowrie Rattray Marywell Dalguise Daimh Redford Meigle Fearnan Kenmore Calgary r Dunkeld Caolas Denhead 10,000 to 50,000 l a Balevullin Newtyle l Loch Frisa i s Cashlie SS Caputh A N D K I N R OGarrow I t f Mul H Monikie Muirdrum Arbroath Coupar Ben Lawers Loch Tay Inver l Meikleour Salen Tiree Scarinis below 10,000 Loch aw Achnacroish Angus 1214m Lawers Ardtalnaig l Kellas Treshnish d Bridge of Orchy h S i Muirhead Oskamull Loch Lyon Burrelton S Bankfoot Carnoustie Benderloch Amulree Isles Ben Dòrain Ulva Loch Ba Etive DUNDEE Stanley Monifieth Abernyte Guildtown 1076m Bonawe Craignure Fingal’s Cave Elevation Killin Ben Chonzie Hynish Dundee Buddon Ness Invergowrie Lochdon Balnahard Almond Ben Cruachan 931m Staffa Connel Tayport Tyndrum Isle of ay Balbeggie Ben More Oban 1126m of T Buchanty Methven h Newport-on-Tay Scone New t Taynuilt r 966m Dalmally Kerrera Mull Lochawe F i Wormit St Fillans Gilmerton Carrick St. Andrews Lochearnhead 1000m / 3281ft Kinlochspelve Perth Bridgend Kilmany Kilbride Ardanaiseig Ben Lui Crianlarich Ben More Errol Leuchars Bay Croggan Loch Earn Lochbuie Dairsie or 1130m Crieff 1174m Comrie E Newburgh Osnaburgh Bridge of Earn ar Baile Mór Andrews St 500m / 1640ft Balquhidder Fionnphort Cladich Kilninver n Invararnan Ben Vorlich Boarhills Aberuthven Forteviot Muthill Iona Clachan-Seil 985m Abernethy Cupar Strathyre Bunessan Pitscottie Kingsbarns Auchterarder 250m / 820ft Loch Auchtermuchty Dunning Loch Loch Awe Seil Ceres Ardlui Gleneagles s Glenfarg Fife Ness Lubnaig Loch Katrine Ladybank ill Kilmelford Avich Braco rn Strathmiglo o H Cairndow L Kilmahog Portinnisherrich Stronachlachar Largoward l 100m / 328ft i Montrave Kirkton Crail Dalavich Firth of Greenloaning Luing Blackford O c h Ben Venue Brig o' Turk Inveruglas Falkland Garvellachs Arduaine Inveraray Callander of Largo Anstruther Kilrenny Glendevon Loch 727m Toberonochy Leven St Catherines Tarbet Ben Lomond Port of sea level Pittenweem Leslie Glenrothes Yetts o' Elie Doune Dunblane Leven 974m Kinlochard St Monans Menteith Kinross Muckhart Scarba Ardfern Lochgoilhead Arrochar Isle of May Methil Thornton CLACKMANNANSHIRE Earlsferry Furnace Ford e Aberfoyle Strachur Thornhill n Bridge Ballingry Alva Dollar Aird Forth Buckhaven Fy Loch Colonsay Loch Tillicoultry of Allan Loch Crarae och Newton orth Kelty Lochgelly Dysart Lomond S T I R L I N G Kilmartin Tullibody Long Alloa Saline Kiloran Goil of F Buchlyvie Luss Kippen Stirling Cowdenbeath h Carrick Castle Crinan t Kirkcaldy Kilchattan Bridgend Balmaha Oakley North Bannockburn Clackmannan Fordell ir Garelochhead Scalasaig Bass Rock Balfron Airth Asknish Kinghorn F Kincardine Berwick Auldhame Cairnbaan Garvard Coulport Shandon Fintry Dirleton Culross Dunfermline Burntisland Ardlussa Lochgilphead Ardentinny Killearn Aberdour Tayvallich Stenhousemuir Rosyth Rainberg Mór Dunipace Gullane Arden Whitekirk Gartocharn Campsie F Inverkeithing Inchkeith Grangemouth Oronsay 453m Denny Larbert Otter Ferry Clachan of Glendaruel Helensburgh Drem ells Ardrishaig Dunbar Aberlady Balloch South East Cove Clachaig Strone Bonnybridge Falkirk Bo'Ness Blanefield EAST and Tarbert Alexandria WEST Linton Longniddry Linlithgow Queensferry Cockenzie Auchbraad Kilcreggan Lennoxtown Kilsyth Keillmore Sandbank Seton Port Renton Strathblane Kilfinan Jura EAST Stenton Milton of Campsie FALKIRK Cardross DUNBARTONPortobello Dunoon Kirkliston DUNBARTONSHIRE Cockburnspath Gourock Greenock Dumbarton Tranent Haddington Lagg Cumbernauld Achahoish Broxburn Colintraive Ellary Edinburgh St Abb’s Head Garvald Port Glasgow Musselburgh Paps of Slamannan Torphichen Tighnabruaich SHIRE Bearsden Milngavie Kirkintilloch l Inverkip St Abbs URGH EDINB LOTHIAN Kilmory i Wilkieston Riggend Lenzie Armadale Pencaitland Bathgate Druimdrishaig Rhubodach Jura Grantshouse INVERCLYDE Clydebank Bishopbriggs H Kames Gifford Coldingham Currie Muirhead Caldercruix r Livingston i Whiteadder Glasgow Dalkeith East Saltoun Sanaigmore Port Dunan Loanhead Renfrew Wemyss Bay Kilmacolm Stepps m u Reservoir NORTH Blackburn WEST Eyemouth Tarbert Portavadie Bannatyne Port Askaig r Pathhead e Balerno Paisley m Ayton Craighouse Skelmorlie Cretshengan Coatbridge Airdrie Whitburn Bridge of Weir West Calder Gorebridge L a m s Bonnyrigg Carnduncan Cranshaws West Tarbert Rothesay Feolin Ferry Ballygrant Ascog Johnstone LOTHIAN H i l l Kilbarchan GO Glasgow LANARKSHIRE Kilberry Kennacraig IAN Loch Gorm Preston MIDLOTH Fala Bellshill Penicuik Longformacus Chirnside Island of Largs Shotts Fauldhouse Temple RENFREWSHIRE Giffnock W Rutherglen d Kilchoman Inchmarnock Motherwell Carlops Howgate Lochwinnoch Blantyre Barrhead Duns Bute Bridgend Whitehouse a n Leadburn Bruichladdich Paxton Newmains Forth Heriot EAST Newton Mearns Kingarth Millport Claonaig Kilbirnie Oxton Skipness Wishaw Bowmore Port Charlotte Westruther Fairlie Kilchattan Beith RENFREWSHIRE East Hamilton West Linton Clachan Carluke Swinton Islay Kintour Eaglesham Kilbride Larkhall Romannobridge Lauder Crossaig Greenlaw Glenegedale Dolphinton Portencross Dalry nd Dunlop Gigha Island Lagg an Stonehouse Crossford Carnwath Portnahaven Lochranza Newbigging Castlecraig Eddleston Stow of Gordon Ardminish West Kilbride Stewarton Rhunahaorine Bay Strathaven Carstairs B Seamill Lanark Elsrickle Eccles Goat Fell u Kilwinning Coldstream Libberton t Kirkmuirhill Peebles Tayinloan e Ardrossan Fenwick Caldermill Pirnmill 874m Port Ellen Skirling Stichill Birgham Earlston SOUTH Hyndford Corrie Ardbeg Killean Stevenston Saltcoates Kilmaurs Kings Muir Lesmahagow T weed Clovenfords Bridge Grogport Isle of Kelso Sprouston NORTH AYRSHIRE Irvine Kilmarnock Darvel Drumclog LANARKSHIRE Tinto Biggar Broughton Muasdale Innerleithen Galashiels Melrose Carradale Mull of Oa Newmilns Arran Brodick Dreghorn 707m Coulter Newtown St Boswells Coalburn Dippen Galston Glenacardoch Point Hurlford High H Uddington S Tintlos Wiston I Heiton T T O C S Dundonald Culter Fell TownYetholm St Boswells Dougarie Margnaheglish Yarrow Hil Douglas 748m Stanhope Saddell Bellochantuy Lamlash Eckford Troon S Selkirk Ancrum E RFeus B O R DYarrow Torbeg Cairn Table Tarbolton Mauchline Muirkirk Shiskine Tweedsmuir Holy Island Monkton Crailing Cappercleuch Morebattle 593m Lilliesleaf Sorn Ayr Knockenkelly Ettrickbridge Abington Catrine Prestwick Crawfordjohn EAST Ashkirk Annbank d Jedburgh Broad Law St Mary's Loch Kilchenzie Cly Sliddery Crawford Auchinleck l s Ochiltree 840m Ayr Oxnam Dippin Denholm Davaar Elvanfoot Machrihanish Lochcraig Head i l Cumnock Drongan Alloway Lagg Hawick Kildonan Skares 800m Leadhills H Mervinslaw Kildalloig Campbeltown AYRSHIRE Ettrick Roberton Hart Fell Dunure Dalrymple Wanlockhead t Chesters Bonchester Bridge New Cumnock 808m o Green Lowther Newmill Sanquhar Kirkconnel t Patna i Maybole o 732m i v Waterside Blackcraig Hill Burnside Te Moffat Maidens Kirkoswald Kirkmichael Southend 700m Macharioch Teviothead Dalmellington Davington Turnberry Crosshill Enterkinfoot Cauldcleuch Head Beattock Straiton Cairnsmore of 608m Mull of Kintyre Sanda Queensberry Dailly Holm Carsphairn Saughtree 697m SOUTH Eskdalemuir 797m Ailsa Craig Carronbridge Hermitage Girvan Loch n AYRSHIRE Doon Thornhill Penpont e Carsphairn Boreland Mill Keir r l Es k ha Barr Moniaive Parkgate Kirkland nc Newcastleton Bentpath St i Lendalfoot Common Langholm Corrie Templand Corserine Colmonell m The Scottish Highlands contain the St John's Town Dunscore Auldgirth Lochmaben Lockerbie Merrick 813m 843m of Dalry Bankshill Locharbriggs Eldrick Ballantrae highest and oldest mountains in the Holywood Hightae Waterbeck Rowanburn Barrhill Balmaclellan Loch Trool New Galloway Torthorwald Dumfries British Isles. Glacial lakes and Milltown Corsock Ecclefechan Barrgrennan Collin Dalton Canonbie Clatteringshaws Cargenbridge sharp-edged arêtes recall the Ice Age Kirtlebridge Mouswald Loch Loch Ken Kirkpatrick Brydekirk Carrutherstown which shaped this region 18,000 years Durham Green Gretna Beeswing Glencaple Parton Bankend Annan ago. a l l o w a y Crossmichael Kirkgunzeon Gretna Cairnryan G Kirkcolm Eastriggs Cummertrees Challoch New Abbey Newton Stewart New Luce Laurieston Castle Douglas Loch Leswalt Palnure Dalbeattie th Bridge of Dee Ryan Black Loch Kirkbean i r Kirkcowan Creetown Gelston White Loch Ringford Stranraer Castle Kennedy F Palnackie Caulkerbush Gatehouse of Fleet c Edinburgh is Scotland’s Km Lochans Glenluce Wigtown Carsluith Colvend 0 20 30 10 Tongland 5 Twynholm capital city. The city is host m Glasgow, an ancient river port Stoneykirk Auchenmaig Portpatrick Kirkinner Kirkcudbright annually to the on the banks of the Clyde, grew Whauphill Borgue 5 Luce 10 0 20 30 Sandhead Elrig world-renowned Edinburgh Dundrennan rapidly during the Industrial Ross Miles Bay Mochrum Sorbie Garlieston Ardwell Festival, a celebration of Revolution to become Scotland’s projection: Lambert Conformal Conic Port William Wigtown the performing arts. leading industrial city. Monreith Whithorn Port Logan Bay Glasserton Isle of Whithorn Kirkmaiden Drummore

Sandray Pabbay Mingulay Berneray Barra Head

Castlebay Muldoanich

Gighay

Canna

Ord

nd

of

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Elgol

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Vatersay

Barra

Cleat

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Eriskay

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Tarskavaig

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Mol-chlach

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Lochboisdale

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T H E B R I T I S H I S L E S: SCOT L AN D

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THE BRITISH ISLES A

THE BRITISH ISLES: IRELAND

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Ireland

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In i

Inishtrahull

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L o ug h

Sh eep

Hav en

r Malin Head ahull Sou nd Ballyhillin Glengad Head Fanad Rathlin Island Malin Culdaf The unspoilt scenery and folk culture of Ireland reflect its remote Tory Island Head Ballyliffin f n dHorn Inishowen Giant’s R No S o u Head Carndonagh Head Causeway S oa t h l i n position on the western fringe of Europe, and contrast with the r To r y und Portsalon Drumfree Slieve Snaght Fair Head t h Greencastle Portballintrae 2 Dunf anag Rosa hy Ch penn 615m a Portrus Bloody Foreland h Ballycastle Moville Bushmil so-called ‘troubles’ which have long hindered its development. ls Portstewart show e n an Brinlack GortahorkCarrickart Carrowkeel IniBuncr MOYLE ana Castler Creesloug ock Derrykeighan Colera h ine Gola Island Derr ybeg Runabay Head Ireland emerged from British rule as a free state in 1921 Carrowkeel Lough Millford Owey Island Armoy Bunbeg Errigal Foyle COLERAINE Rathmullan Cushendun Rosses B Gweedore Termon Bridge 752m Ballym oney Ballyke Cushenda lly ll Limav and is separated from Northern Ireland by the UK’s End Culmore ady a Aran Island n Garron Point Kincasslough Eglinton ou Kilmacrenan Rathmelton Ringsend BALLYMONEY Glena Burt riff M onpo rt Clogh Killag Lond Killea an only land border. Coastal hill ranges encircle a onderry gh D O N E G A L Garvagh Drumahoe Mills ea Carnlough Letterkenny G w e e b Dunglow Carrigans yv Rasharkin New Buildings LIMAVADY Kilrea a r ra 3 er r Cark Glenarn central undulating plain, strewn with many lakes Sw i l l y LONDO D NDERR Moun Dungiv Y tain en The Maidens St Johnstown BALLYME NA Ba Claudy y Cullybackey Feeny Fintown 366m Narin Ballygalley i n s Portglenone and bogs. Ireland has benefited from EU grants Broughsh ane Dunnamana Cloghan gh a Dawros t MAGHERAFELT Lifford Ballymena Maas Glenties Sawel Larne Stranorlar Castlefinn Strabane Head un Maghera Ahoghill Island Magee since the 1980s, which have contributed to Ballybofey Finn Ardara Lavagh More STRABANE 683m M o Draperstown L A R N E Ballycarry Bellaghy n i r Mount Hamilton Sion Mills M ANTRIM r 672m e S p Ballynure k Glen c o ur n e Castledawson columbkille CARRICKFERGUS ta s S the growth of industry and infrastructure. e u Plumb l ridge B Newtownstewart Magherafelt Toome Rossan Point ain Randalstown Ballyclare Whitehead Malin More Gortin Mo unt Castlederg Derg Moneymore NEWTONBridge Antrim Carrickfergus Inver Donegal B e l fa s t Carrick BallyronanTemplepatrick ABBEYMossley Lough Mew Island Copeland Newtowna Killybegs bbey Lagh Drumqui y n Creggan Cookstown Newport Trench NORTH Bangor Island y Belfast Lough BELFAST a Omag h B DOWN Crumlin Donaghadee Carrick more Balli l CITY ntra St John's Point COOKSTOWN Derg a g Belfast e Glenav n Newtownar y OMAGH Belfast City Newtownards ds Do Pettigoe Pomeroy Ederny Ballyshannon Coalisland Lough Castlereagh CASTLE- Comber Dunmurr y Dromore ek Lower Dungannon Neagh REAGH ARDS Ballywalter Kesh MullaghmoreBundoran Er nBelle Population LISBURN Lough e Fintona Carryduff Greyabbey Moira ANNON Moygashel CRAIGAVON Erne Irvinestown Lisburn G Maghera Inish N lin mur Ballygowan Ards ray 100,000 to 500,000 Hillsborough Tully DU Ballygawley Garrison Craigavon Lurgan Grange Truskmore Lough Portavogie Peninsula Augher Aughnacloy Moy Saintfield 647m Melvin Portado Strangford Lough wn Clogher 50,000 to 100,000 Portlurin B Erris Head Dromore FER MAN AGH l ac Loughgall Gilford tr n Carney k Ballynahinch CrossgarKillyleagh Cloghy Drumcliff D arnt ai Derrygonnelly Belderg Ballycastle Killa Enniskillen Fivemiletown Portaferry 10,000 to 50,000 la Easky Rosses Point Banbridge Dromara Richhill Annagh Head Mo u Manorhamilton Sligo B ay r Armagh Tandragee Glenamoy Bay Lisbell aw D O W N Strangford Barnatra Lough Gill Belcoo Upper BANB RIDG E Belmullet below 10,000 Strandhill A R M Tyhol A G Maguires Inni land H Ballyquintin Downpatri bridge scro ck Blacklio Loughbrick ne n land Inishkea Sligo Dromahair Car row more Lough Middletown Markethill Dromore West Point Rathfriland Dundrum Killala Lisnaskea Mullan Erne North Lake Ballysadare Keady Castlewel Mona Rosslea lan Swanlinb ghan Collo ar Ban oney Ardglass gor Elevation Erris Derrylin Inishkea Fall NEWRY AND Newcastle Dundrum Dowra more Clones Clontibret Garnagh Bessbrook Newtownbutler Drumkeeran ina St John's Point Bell South Lough CrossmolinBall Derrynacreeve a Doohooma acorick Bay Newtownhamilton Newry Hilltown m S L I G O MON Geevagh Slieve Car AGH a Allen AN e Aghalan e B l a c k s o d B ay n Castleblayney MOUR NE Mourne Slieve Donard G Ballymote r Lou 720m gh Ballyba y E e Lough 500m / 1640ft Mountains 852m Belturbet Ballycroy Doogort ev Conn Killeen n on wa Rockcorry Tobercurry Rostrevor M Arrow Keadew Sli ShanWater Ballyconnell AnnCootehill Crossmaglen CushcamcarraghNephin Dooagh Warrenpoint Annalong al e e Muckno Ballinafad Drumshanbo Iro n 806m Foxford Aclare 250m / 820ft Omeath 714m Achill Lough Achill Pontoon Ballinamore Gorteen Lough Drumbilla Kilkeel Lough Charlestown Island Achill Oughter Carlingford Head Greencastle Lough Boyle Key Lough Betra Lough Swinford Shercock Carrickmacross Leitrim Fenagh Achill Sound 100m / 328ft Dundalk Carling ford Lough Carrigallen Cavan Feeagh Gara Cullin Stradone Carrick-onBell avar Taw New y Whites Ballagan Point Mulrany nyinah Drumsna Arvagh port Louth Shan C AVA N Bailieborough y Town Ballaghaderreen nonLough Kilkelly sea level Mohill e Castlebar Bellananagh Kiltimagh Ba LOU TH Dundalk Bay Clare Island Frenchpark Dromod Lough Bode w rg Ballyj Elphin Kingsc amesd e ourt uff Westport Castlebellingham Cl Loug h Gown Ardee M a Roos A Y O Knock ky ROSCOMMON Croagh Patrick Dunany Point Kilcog y Louisburgh Bofin Drumlish Nobber Castlerea Dunleer 765m Ballintober Ballyhaun 7 Virginia Lough Strokestown Newtown is Inishturk Cregganbaun Liscarney Ramor Tulsk Clogher Head Forbes LONGFORD Collon Lough Partry Lough Car ra Grana rd Clogherhead Ballintober Scramoge on Longford Claremorris Sheelin Oldcastle Inishbofin Mweelrea Bl a Kells Hollymount Drogheda ck Slane 819m Lanesborough Ballymoe Ardnagreevagh Asleagh Pa wa Castlepollard n Lough Edgeworthstown Ballindine Del phi u Dunmore Inishark Laytown o Roscommon B oy ne Mask Ballinrobe Lough LeenanM Lough Ree Glennamaddy e Neale Moyard Derravaragh Navan Lough Kilmaine Clonbern Balrath The Twelve ClonburCong Ballyn Iron Cross Athleague afid Athbo Knoc y kcroghery Balbriggan Pins Royal C Clifden Lough Owel Delvin Maum Lough Tuam NewMount Talbot an a Skerries M E AT H Belclare Recess Lecarrow Ballymahon bridge l Mullingar Cor rib 8 Ballivor Trim Dunsha Toombeola Co nn em s Moy loug h Thom uglin as ara Maam Cross Headford Ballymore WE Ballyconneely Lusk Rahar STM Street ney Mount Bellew Rush EAT Cashel Oughter H Ashbou Laraco rne r Caltr a Slyne Head Lambay ard Island Lough Roundstone Ardnasodan Athlone Kinnegad Dublin Swords Screeb Cloonboo Bellaneeny Enfield Kilcock Dunboyne Horseleap Ennell G rge Malahide A LWAY Rochfortbridge Carna Kilkieran Fardr Clar Lagh egal um tgeo way Maynooth DUB Moate Moycullen Kilconnell B LIN Howth Ballinasloe Rhode Clara Galway Leixlip B Lettermore Lucan Carbury Kilbeggan AthenryCloonymorris n Clonmacnoise Celbridge ra Carraroe Costelloe SpidGalway Edenderry Kiltu e llagh Shan i nonb Daing ridge ean dal Aughrim C a k D u b l i n B ay Oranmore Tullamore Clane Clondalkin Ki l n Lettermullan Inveran Barna Clarinbridge Lullymore Canal Robert Tallaght Dún Laoghaire Ferbane O F Craughwell Laurencetown a l Clonfert stown FA LY Dalkey 9 Rathcoole Nor th Sound nd G a l w a y B a y Kilcolgan Loug a hrea r KIL Lough DA RE Cloghan Killeigh Bracknagh G Killiney Bay Kilmurvy Inishmore Black Head Killimor Banagher Burren Ardrahan Rea Kilco Rathha Naas rmac ngan Bray Kilr Kippure Blessing ona Clonaslee Portarlington ton n Murroogh Aran Sl Kildare Enniskerry Newbridge 754m Kinvarra non Islands Killeany M i e ve Ballyvaughan Kilmacanoge The Curragh Liffe y Poulaphouca ou Birr Portumna Inishmaan Monas Reservo terevin ir Mullaghcleevaun Greystones o B u r r e n Gort Bunnaglass Mountmellick Portland Kilcul len Em Inisheer h S o Hollywood Clareen 847m Kinnitty Sraghmor e m t Lisd oonvarna Carrigahorig Arderin Wickl ow Portlaoise Fontstown Sou Newcastle loo s Lough Cutra Cloo Cliffs of Moher noon Borrisokane 526m e B t ain Kilfenora Stradbally Ballitore Dunlavin Moun tain s Roundwood v Maghera Shinrone e n Glendalough Laragh Ashford Mountrath Corrofin Lahinch Sli ou 400m Whitegate Coolbaun Lugnaquillia Athy M L A O I Hag’s Head Ballaghmore 10 Wicklow Rathnew S Ennistimon ntshannon Mountain Bay CrusheeMou Wicklow Head Baltinglass n Dromineer Bally Roscr lyna Liscannor Borr ea n is in 926m Rathdrum Inag Sca rriff h m The Campanile in Trinity C Spanish Point Mil L A R Osso Abbeyleix E Tomgraney Nenagh ry ltown Malbay Castledermot W I C K L O W Moneygall Rathdowney College, Dublin, was built Ennis Newtown Mutton Tulla Lough Aughrim Quilty Durrow Toomyvara Clarecastle Derg Killaloe Island by Sir Charles Lanyon, Carlow Rathvilly Quin Woodenbridge Kilkishen Dolla Tempelmore Donegal Point Creegh Newmarket-on-Fergus architect of Queen’s Ferrybank Castle Sixmilebridge Birdhill Slievekimalta comer Borr Tullow isole igh Tinahel Johnstown Knockalough Shannon y Ballyragget CA Arklow oo Kilkee College, Belfast. It is Newport 694m RL OW Cloonlara nbe Urlin gford Shillelagh g Silvermine Mountains Killadysert Shannon Bunratty Ballon Kilmichael Point 98 ft (30 m) high. Freshford Leighlinbridge Kilrush n lke Thurles Carrigaholt 11 Labasheeda Shanno ar Slievefe lim Mungret Carnew Milestone Muine Bheag Kilkenny Whitehall Gorey Loop Head Killimer Limerick Mountains Foynes Kilmanagh Mount Leinster Holycro Bunclo Patr ss dy icksw Courto Doo wn ell n Kilbaha Tarbert Askeaton 793m Glin Borris Ferns Mo uth of the T I P P E R A R Y K I L KGowran Adare Ballyneety Ball Ballycanew k NNY Ballybunnionylongford Reens Pallas Sha nn on Rathkeale Croom Dundrum Killenaule Callan GraiguE ac n Cahore Point enamanagh Grean Bl ou Kiltealy Ballyduff Listowel Athea L Golden I M M E R Cash I Thom C el astow Kilnama K Kells F Kerry Head Dreena n nagh eal Ennisco rthy gh a sh Ball Inistioge ingarry Bruff Tipperary Newcastle Bansha Fethard Ninemilehouse e n Abbeyfe Ballyheige Castleellis Knocktopher Kno ale cklo W E ng X F O R Brur D Blackwater ee Kilmaganny Slievenamon Abbeydorney Killmallock Galbally Clonroche Kilkinlea Mul Broadford Ráth Luirc ore Brandon He Brandon Ardfert 12 719m n s Caher ad Wex ford Galtymore Mountain M lag Ahenny tai Lukeswell New Ross Clon ou har Castlebridge n mel Brandon Bay Tralee u Brandon Moun Dromcolliher 920m o nta eirk Ballyn abola B ay Brosna tain Mullina o u h y r M l Bay Fenit Tralee vat a l Ba ins Wexford l t y Kilcommon Su New town Feohanagh 953m Taghmon Castlegregory a ir Com erag h CarrickM o u n t a i n s G a Clogheen Rockchapel Rosslare Point Camp Gl M Castleisland Mou ntai ns on-Suir Liscarroll Mitchelstown Ballyferriter Ballynana Welling h s i ton k m c Rosslare M o e Bridge a n e l Ballym d v K o e Butt acarbr i w l S n y Waterford evant Newmarket Farranfore Arthurstown Kildorrery Mountains Moun ds Anascaul Rosslare Harbour Mo unt ai n s Coumfea Ballydesmond Kan Dunco t rmick Meller ay lan Passage East turk Castletow Castlemaine Greenore Point 711m 793m Inch Dunquin Dingle Duncannon nroche Waterford Lemybrien Fermoy Fethard Ballyte igeBridgetown Churchtown Slea Head Killorglin aune K E R R Y W Tramo y A re Banteer T E Great Blasket a R Dunm F ore Carnsor e r O East Kilmor t e a e R Rat B w a N D g hmo l e Bay Mall k s re ow Cappoquin Lismore Glenbeigh Lough Bl ac Killarney Island 13 Point gle Quay Mount ain s Conna d Churchtown Nad Dungarvan Bunmahon Din Carrauntoohil Leane or f Rathcormack Musheramore Muckross Millstreet r Saltee Islands e ou Hook Head Tallow y 1038m t a B a C a ’ s y e 644m l o n d d Cahercivee ycu Poulgorm Bridge W arb C O R K Watergrasshill acgill eks H Knightstown n Ballynagaul Helvick Head ag h Mangerton Mountain y CoomacarreaM Re B o g g e ra i n s Kilmona Valencia Island Inn 772m 832m Donoughmore nt u o M Kinsa lebeg Mine Head Portmagee Derreendarragh Kenmar Kilg Mac arva Rive Youg room rstow n Coachford hal e n Ardmore Midleton Ballinskelligs Waterville Lough Sneem Ballingeary Car Youg hal Bay Cork rigadrohid Lee Douglas Castlemartyr Cur rane ParknasillaKillabunane Lough Bolus Head Knockadoon Cobh Rese B rvoi Castlecove r Crookstown s Cork Ringaskiddy Garr yvoeHead Allua Inchigeelagh iver Lauragh B al l in s k e l li g 14 re R Caherdaniel a ma Shanlaragh Ballinhassig Scariff Island Canhtains Glengarriff Carrigaline CrosWhitegate Ballycotton KenArdgro shaven Enniskean om ou Whiddy Inish Dun anno man n way Hungry Hill M Cork Bandon Km Island Ballylickey Castletown Bere 685m Adr 30 0 50 20 40 Kinsale Harbour igole B an d o n Kilbrittain 5 10 Bantry Ballydonegan ay B Dursey Island y Timoleague tr Ballinspittle Drimoleague n Bea r Isla a nd Londonderry B Durrus The Bull Clonakilty Courtmacsherry 5 40 10 30 50 0 20 Dursey Kilcrohane Bal Leap lydehob Skib Miles Ross Carbery Old Head Sheep's Head bereen Head ay Schull B s of u Kinsale Newtonabbey Northern Castletownshend Clonakilty projection: Lambert Conformal Conic D u n m a n Toormore ay Bay Ireland Crookhaven er B Belfast Galley Head wat Baltimo g Mizen Head Toe Head n i re r Lisburn Major industry Roa Cap Sherkin Island e Sligo and infrastructure Clear Clear Island Fastnet Rock aerospace brewing IRELAND chemicals engineering 16 food processing DUBLIN Galway Northern Ireland’s industries are concentrated in c The Burren is a massive hi-tech industry limestone plateau in the textiles Belfast, once a great textiles and shipbuilding centre tourism northwest of County Clare. 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which has faced chronic recession since the 1970s. Industrialization in Ireland began properly in the 1950s. A broad range of goods are now produced for export near Dublin, and in many other larger towns.

wide range of Mediterranean and Alpine plants flourish in the pastures, near shallow lakes and in the cracks in the limestone pavement.

17

I r i s h

Transport and Industry

16

capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

Limerick Tralee

Waterford

Wexford

17

Cork

A

xliv

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

M

ATL AS

OF THE WORLD THE MAPS IN THIS ATLAS ARE ARRANGED CONTINENT BY CONTINENT, STARTING FROM THE INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE, AND MOVING EASTWARDS. THE MAPS PROVIDE A UNIQUE VIEW OF TODAY’S WORLD, COMBINING TRADITIONAL CARTOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES WITH THE LATEST REMOTE-SENSED AND DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY.

A

B

C

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EURASI NORTH AN PLATE AMERIC AN PL

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W

X

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1

2

3

North America North America is the world’s third largest continent with a total area of 9,358,340 sq miles

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Greatest extent, East–West: 3500 miles / 5700 km

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Boothia Peninsula (71° 59’ N)

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Lowest recorded temperature: Northice, Greenland -87° F (-66° C)

Cape Prince of Wales (168° 4’ W)

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Most westerly point: Attu, Aleutian Islands, USA 172° 30’ E

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Most easterly point: Nordøstrundingen, northeast Greenland 12° 08’ W

Most northerly point: Kap Morris Jesup, northern Greenland 83° 38’ N

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Greatest extent, North–South: 4600 miles / 7400 km

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It lies wholly within the Northern Hemisphere.

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(24,238,000 sq km) including Greenland and the Caribbean islands.

Re

or rad b a L in Batesr Bay

4

Battle Harbour (55° 35’ W)

Highest point: Mount McKinley (Denali), Alaska, USA 20,322 ft (6194 m)

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Lowest point: Death Valley, California, USA -282 ft (-86 m) below sea level

11

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12

Most southerly point: Península de Azuero, southeast Panama 7° 15’ N

Península de Azuero (7° 15’ N)

13

Rocky Mountains

Great Plains

Great Lakes

San Francisco

Zone cture a Fra

Appalachian Mountains

Washington DC

14

s

ud NORTH ico Trench Barrac Puerto R Le uda AN PLATE Barbigua AMERIC AN ERIC Ant iola SOUTH AM Hispan upe PLATE o Nevis delo ic a R u to G Puer inica Dom ique Ant illes tin Mar ia os uc uelan St L arbad Venez sin a B rar Ba me a De lain nad P e r G idad Trin ra G era E PLAT ATE Dem eau EAN t L B P a l B N I P CAR AMERICA o c H no SOUT Or i

Largest lake: Lake Superior, Canada/USA 32,142 sq miles (83,270 sq km)

Highest recorded temperature: Death Valley, California, USA 135°F (57°C )

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15

16

Eq ua tor

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Cross-section from San Francisco to Washington DC

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NORTH AMERICA B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

Physical North America

1

Spanning northern Canada and Greenland, this geologically stable plain forms the heart of the continent, containing rocks over two billion years old. A long history of weathering and repeated glaciation has scoured the region, leaving flat plains, gentle hummocks, numerous small basins and lakes, and the bays and islands of the Arctic.

About 80 million years ago the Pacific and North American plates collided, uplifting the Western Cordillera. This consists of the Aleutian, Coast, Cascade and Sierra Nevada mountains, and the inland Rocky Mountains. These run parallel from the Arctic to Mexico.

4

5

A

A

Elevation

m This computer-generated view shows the ice-covered island of Greenland without its ice cap. The Rocky Mountain Trench is the longest linear fault on the continent

6

B

B

100 Km

G r e e

100 Miles

50

A

Km 0

0

al

N

CAR

Nov aS co tia

S

aw ren c

A

an

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P

1000

The Appalachians

The Appalachian Mountains, uplifted about 400 million years ago, are some of the oldest in the world. They have been lowered and rounded by erosion and now slope gently towards the Atlantic across a broad coastal plain.

Cape Cod

Sedimentary strata folded and faulted into ridges and valleys

Softer strata has been crumpled against the harder basement rock

Hard basement rock

C Cross-section through the Appalachians showing the numerous folds, which have subsequently been weathered to create a rounded relief.

t W e s

E AT PL TE N A L A IC N P ER BEA AM IB H AR RT C

IBB

800

600

C

LA

AL

Yucatan Península

O

1000

Newfoundland

Mississippi Delta

N

800

400

200

Miles

Horizontal strata

D

A

hi

C COAST

C

G

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600

400

M ANTI

rient

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r e a t e r

Caribbean Sea

Lake Nicaragua EA N PL AT E

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SO

0 0

25

50 Km 25

50 Miles

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Scale 1:38,000,000

A

Gulf of Mexico

ad

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Ma

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sea level

an

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Volcán Pico de Orìzaba 5700m

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physiographic regions

100m / 328ft

N

St L

Lake Michigan

A

Gr

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Lake Huron re Lake Ontario at L a k e s

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A

T s A i n t a

C o a s t

N

E

n L

Ca

C

C

Si

C

400 Km 200

N

G

er

A

2

B

R

u

I Low

P

A

0

A

ra

Laurentian Mountains

Lake Superior

nt

D 200

Lab

Lake Manitoba

D

conservative

2000m / 6562ft

O C E A N

C

o

D

Ne va d a r ra in a qu S an Jol l e y Va

17

G

M

Sie

Canyon

D Section across the Great Plains and Central Lowlands showing river systems and structure.

I

Lake Winnipeg

Colorado Plateau

Death Valley -86m Grand

16

L abrador S ea

ai t

Hud son B ay

R

Great Salt Lake o rad

destructive

2500m / 8203ft

250m / 820ft

S t

e

Great Basin

Sonoran Desert

Confluence of the Missouri and Mississippi rivers

0

D

Reindeer Lake

T

B

y

TE

Upland rivers drain south towards the Mississippi Basin

A

A

N

Mount St Helens 2549m

Mojave Desert

15

Sedimentary layers overlay domed basement rock

E

Mount Rainier 4392m

R C O

DE FUCA PL A

Deposits left by retreating glaciers San and rivers have made this vast flat area Andreas Fault very fertile. In the north this is the result of glaciation, with deposits up to one mile (1.7 km) thick, covering the basement rock. To the south and west, the massive Missouri/Mississippi river system has for centuries deposited silt across the plains, creating broad, flat flood plains and deltas.

Hu d s o n St r

Lake Athabasca

C

k

AN

13

tains

JU

12

s

Foxe Basin

Great Bear Lake

Great Slave Lake

o c

B

14

oun eM

11

nzi

zi

The Great Plains and Central Lowlands

R N T E R W E S s

ka

E R I C A N P L AT E AM PA C I F I C P L AT E

ountain ast M

H

10

R

T

Gu l f o f Al a s

Co

NO

constructive

3000m / 9843ft

projection: Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area

ai

k

an

vi

d

ac

Da

pp

M

n I sl

A

k a R an g e

Ma c k e

as Al

en

e Al e ut i an R ang

3500m / 11,484ft

tr

s

Baffi

Mackenzie Delta

P

Mount McKinley 6194m

ge

A

and

9

an

Colo

Isl

R

B affin B ay

Miss issipp i

k

s

a d

oo

eu

an

l

n

B eaufor t S ea

Br

Al

ti

n

ng Strait er i

B e r ing S ea

(for explanation see page xiv)

500m / 1640ft

I C N T L A A T

50

Plate margins

1000m / 3281ft

ASIA B

200 Miles

100

1500m / 4922ft

Cross-section through the Western Cordillera showing direction of mountain building.

0

0

Map key

Strata have been thrust eastward along fault lines

0

0 100 200 Km

Section across the Canadian Shield showing where the ice sheet has depressed the underlying rock and formed bays and islands.

Volcanic rock

7

Once overlain by sedimentary rocks, erosion has re-exposed the ancient Laurentian Mountains

Hudson Bay was depressed by the ice sheet to form North America’s largest basin

The hard bedrock of the Canadian Shield is slowly rising

The weight of the ice sheet, 1.8 miles (3 km) thick, has depressed the land to 0.6 miles (1 km) below sea level

The Western Cordillera

M

The Canadian Shield

The North American continent can be divided into a number of major structural areas: the Western Cordillera, the Canadian Shield, the Great Plains and Central Lowlands, and the Appalachians. Other smaller regions include the Gulf Atlantic Coastal Plain which borders the southern coast of North America from the southern Appalachians to the Great Plains. This area includes the expanding Mississippi Delta. A chain of volcanic islands, running in an arc around the margin of the Caribbean Plate, lie to the east of the Gulf of Mexico.

3

L

s l e i l t n A

il l e s

A

nt r A L e s s e

E AT AT PL PL N N EA CA BB ERI I K R M CA H A UT

E

SOUTH AM ERICA L

M

PHYSICAL N ORTH AM ER ICA O

P

Q

R

S

Climate

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

Climate

1

ice cap tundra subarctic cool continental warm humid semi-arid arid humid equatorial tropical

North America’s climate includes extremes ranging from freezing Arctic conditions in Alaska and Greenland, to desert in the southwest, and tropical conditions in southeastern Florida, the Caribbean and Central America. Central and southern regions are prone to severe storms including tornadoes and hurricanes.

Nome

Eismitte

le irc cC ct i Ar

m ‘Tornado alley’ in the Mississippi Valley suffers frequent tornadoes.

T

Resolute

Fairbanks

daily hours of sunshine, January daily hours of sunshine, July direction of hurricanes tornado zones

Ar cti cC irc le

N

2

Aklavik Kugluktuk Iqaluit

Haines Junction

3

Juneau Fort Vermillon

Temperature

Churchill

Happy Valley - Goose Bay

Fort St John Torbay

Arctic Circle

Vancouver

4

60° N

Tropic of Cancer

Sioux City

Salt Lake City San Francisco

20° N

Las Vegas

Average January temperature

New York

Denver

5

Phoenix

Los Angeles

Average July temperature

Montréal Toronto

Boise

40° N

m Much of the southwest is semi-desert; receiving less than 12 inches (300 mm) of rainfall a year.

Winnipeg

Medicine Hat

Cape Hatteras

Atlanta Little Rock

Temperature below -30°C (-22°F) -30 to -20°C (-22 to -4°F) -20 to -10°C (-4 to 14°F) -10 to 0°C (14 to 32°F)

Rainfall

0 to 10°C (32 to 50°F) 10 to 20°C (50 to 68°F) 20 to 30°C (68 to 86°F) above 30°C (86°F)

Houston

Guaymas Tropic o f Cance

New Orleans

Chihuahua

Miami

r

6

Nassau

of Tropic r Cance

Santo Domingo Fort-de-France

Mérida Kingston

Arctic Circle

Acapulco

Rainfall

60° N

San Salvador

0–25 mm (0–1 in) 25–50 mm (1–2 in) 50–100 mm (2–4 in) 100–200 mm (4–8 in) 200–300 mm (8–12 in) 300–400 mm (12–16 in) 400–500 mm (16–20 in) more than 500 mm (20 in)

40° N Tropic of Cancer 20° N

Average January rainfall

San José

 The lush, green mountains of the Lesser Antilles receive annual rainfalls of up to 360 inches (9000 mm).

8

Average July rainfall

Shaping the continent Glacial processes affect much of northern Canada, Greenland and the Western Cordillera. Along the western coast of North America, Central America and the Caribbean, underlying plates moving together lead to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. The vast river systems, fed by mountain streams, constantly erode and deposit material along their paths.

Periglaciation

Ice core pushes up ground to form pingo

Volcanic activity

Unfrozen lake

1 Mount St Helens volcano (right) in the Cascade Range erupted violently in May 1980, killing 57 people and levelling large areas of forest. The lateral blast filled a valley for 15 miles (25 km) with debris. Molten rock at volcano’s core

9

2 The ground in the far north is nearly always frozen: the surface thaws only in summer. This freeze-thaw process produces features such as pingos (left); formed by the freezing of groundwater. With each successive winter ice accumulates producing a mound with a core of ice.

Groundwater attracted to ice core

Periglaciation: Formation of a pingo in the Mackenzie Delta

Vertical eruption

Post-glacial lakes

10

3 A chain of lakes from Great Bear Lake to the Great Lakes (above) was created as the ice retreated northwards. Glaciers scoured hollows in the softer lowland rock. Glacial deposits at the lip of the hollows, and ridges of harder rock, trapped water to form lakes.

11

Ice-scoured hollow filled with glacial meltwater to form a lake

Retreating glacier

The evolving landscape

Harder rock creates a barrier between lakes

Lateral explosion increases extent of damage

12

Softer lowland rock

Landslide fills valley

Volcanic activity: Eruption of Mount St Helens

Post-glacial lakes: Formation of the Great Lakes

2

Landscape 13

limestone region sinking land stable land uplifting land

14

3 1

Seismic activity 5 The San Andreas Fault (above) places much of the North America’s west coast under constant threat from earthquakes. It is caused by the Pacific Plate grinding past the North American Plate at a faster rate, though in the same direction. Pacific Plate

San Andreas Fault Fault is caused by faster movement of Pacific Plate North American Plate

Seismic activity: Action of the San Andreas Fault

N

O

P

active volcano area of tectonic activity

5

limit of permafrost

6

maximum limit of glaciation ocean current

River erosion 6 The Grand Canyon (above) in the Colorado Plateau was created by the downward erosion of the Colorado River, combined with the gradual uplift of the plateau, over the past 30 million years. The contours of the canyon formed as the softer rock layers eroded into gentle slopes, and the hard rock layers into cliffs. The depth varies from 3855–6560 ft (1175–2000 m).

Q

R

Soft rock is easily eroded into gentle slopes

Weathering 4 The Yucatan Peninsula is a vast, flat limestone plateau in southern Mexico. Weathering action from both rainwater and underground streams has enlarged fractures in the rock to form caves and hollows, called sinkholes (above).

Porous limestone plateau

4

Rainwater erodes porous rock forming sinkholes

Hard rock resists erosion

16

Sea level Underground stream further erodes rock

Colorado River cuts down through rock

Weathering: Water erosion on the Yucatan Peninsula

River Erosion: Formation of the Grand Canyon

S

15

T

U

V

W

X

Y

17

Z

3

NORTH AMERICA A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

Political North America

1

K

ASIA

A R C T I C

Strait ring Be k oo Br

s

A

le

3

U N I T E D STAT E S

an

OF AM E R IC A

Victoria

A L A S K A

Aleut i an Rang

e

Anchorage

cke Y U KO N

7

Whitehorse

 This busy suburban interchange in Los Angeles is part of the USA’s Interstate freeway system. Construction of the 55,000 mile (88,500 km) freeway network began in the 1950s, and it now connects most major cities, and carries one-fifth of the USA’s road traffic.

NORT HW E ST T E R R I TOR I E S

ains

6

Mount

Gulf of Alaska

In the 19th century, railways were used to open up the North American continent. Air transport is now more common for long distance passenger travel, although railways are still extensively used for bulk freight transport. Waterways, like the Mississippi River, are important for the transport of bulk materials, and the Panama Canal is a vital link between the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean. In the 20th century, road transport increased massively in North America, with the introduction of cheap, mass-produced motor cars and extensive highway construction.

Great Bear Lake

nzie

Transport 5

ge

Ma

4

R

B eaufor t S ea

Mackenzie

Democracy is well established in some parts of the continent but is a recent phenomenon in others. The economically dominant nations of Canada and the USA have a long democratic tradition but elsewhere, notably in the countries of Central America, political turmoil has been more common. In Nicaragua and Haiti, harsh dictatorships have only recently been superseded by democratically-elected governments. North America’s largest B e r ing u ti countries, Canada, Mexico and the USA have federal state systems, an S ea sharing political power between national and state governments. The Is la nd USA has intervened militarily on several occasions in Central America s and the Caribbean to protect its strategic interests.

J

Juneau

Yellowknife Great Slave Lake Lake Athabasca

BRITISH

C A N

COLUM BIA

Queen Charlotte Islands

Prince George

A L B E RTA Edmonton

Vancouver Island

Saskatoon Calgary

Vancouver Victoria

Olympia Fairbanks

Tuktoyaktuk

Tacoma WA S H I N G TO N MON TA NA Helena

Eugene

Anchorage

9

Regina

Seattle

Portland

Salem

Dutch Harbor

OREGON

IDAHO Boise W YOM I NG

Skagway

U N I T E D

Hay River

Reno Great Salt Lake Salt Lake Cheyenne City do Carson City a Sacramento U TA H Stockton N E V A D A Denver San Jose COLORADO Fresno Salinas Colorado Springs Pueblo C ALIFORN IA Las Vegas Bakersfield

10 St.John’s

Prince George

Edmonton Calgary

Vancouver

Nanaimo Seattle

Spokane

Portland

Fargo

Atlanta

Wilmington Charleston Jacksonville

Mobile New Orleans

Tampa

Corpus Christi

Orlando

Chihuahua

Miami

Durango

Mazatlán

Monterrey

14

El Paso

Hermosillo

ia

Houston

major roads and motorways major railways major canals international borders transport intersections international airports major ports

Savannah

Birmingham

San Antonio

Transport

Nashville

Ciudad Juárez

rn

Chihuahana

Detroit Newark

Memphis

Dallas

NEW MEXICO

Tucson

o lif Ca of ia lf rn Gu fo li Ca

Oklahoma City Albuquerque

Santa Fe

Albuquerque

Phoenix

Mexicali

New York Philadelphia Baltimore

A M

ARIZONA

San Diego

Tijuana

Norfolk

El Paso Isla Cedros

Boston

O F

Simi Valley Riverside

Oceanside

Albany

Washington DC Saint Louis

Los Angeles

r

Phoenix

Halifax

we

San Diego

St.John

Lo

Long Beach

Toronto

Chicago Toledo

Kansas City

Denver

Los Angeles

13

Minneapolis

Sioux Falls Cheyenne Omaha Salt Lake City

Oakland San Francisco

Sault Ste. Montréal Marie

Duluth

Butte Coos Bay

12

Québec

Thunder Bay

Winnipeg

Colo r

Santa Rosa Oakland San Francisco

Prince Rupert

11

SASKATCHEWAN

ME

Havana

Mazatlán Tampico Manzanillo

15

San Juan Mérida

Mexico City Toluca

Guadalajara

Kingston

Manzanillo

Coatzacoalcos Salina Cruz Guatemala City

16

IF

C

4

B

H AWA I I

Kaua‘i UNITED STATES Ni‘ihau O‘ahu OF AMERICA

PA

A

Panama Canal Balboa Panama City

Moloka‘i

Honolulu

m The 40 mile (65 km) long Panama Canal cuts through the Isthmus of Panama, a narrow strip of land connecting North and South America. Opened in 1914, the canal reduced the journey between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans by almost 8000 nautical miles (14,800 km).

17

San Salvador Corinto

SCALE 1:12,000,000

 Low-density housing developments such as this one on the outskirts of Phoenix, Arizona, reflect the USA’s abundance of land and a dispersed population, dependent on the motor car for personal mobility.

C

D

E

F

G

Km 0

0

Miles

H

I

50

100 50

150

IC

OC

200

100

150

J

Maui Lana‘i Kaho‘olawe

200

K

EA

Hawai‘i

N

L

M

POLITICAL NORTH AMERICA S

U

V

W

Z

N

A

E C O

T

1

E S K

I

M

Ellesmere Island A Language groups

Greenland

Baffi

Island

Da

vi

s

S

E

N

G

L

I

S

t

100,000 to 500,000

EN

L abrador S ea

GL

10,000 to 50,000

ISH

/SP

below 10,000 State / Province capital

AN

IS

H

FRENCH/ ENGLISH

U AZ TOTECAN

Country capital

ENGLISH/ SPANISH

Bismarck

MICHIGAN

Saint Paul

SOUTH DA KOTA

Lake Michigan

i our Miss

Minneapolis

WI SCONSI N

OTTAWA

A

Augusta

VERMONT NEW HAMPSHIRE

NEW YORK

E

MAIN E

Montpelier

Lake Ontario Albany Rochester

Oshawa Toronto Hamilton

Halifax

Concord Boston

MASSACHUSETTS

Providence

RHODE ISLAND Hartford CONNECTICUT

Lansing

nt

ou

N

M

n

ia

Amarillo Lubbock

TENNESSEE

Memphis

Dallas

Fort Worth

Shreveport

T E X A S

Orlando

New Orleans

Tampa

de an Gr Rio

Saint Petersburg FLORIDA Fort Lauderdale Miami

Yucatan Peninsula

JAMAICA

BELIZE

Villahermosa

HONDURAS

GUATEMALA EL SALVADOR

MANAGUA

Scale 1:28,000,000

Miles

300

200

400

SAN JOSÉ

500

e r Aruba L e s s

O

Curaçao

e ll t i An

14

(people per sq km)

below 9 10–49 50–99 100–249 250–499 above 500

TRINIDAD & TOBAGO PORT-OF-SPAIN

15

(to Neth.)

(Neth.)

SOUTH AMERICA

16

PANAMA CITY

PANAMA  Mexico City is one of the world’s largest and highest cities. Fresh water supplies are dwindling, while air pollution regularly creates thick smog.

600

P

Population density

ST LUCIA BARBADOS ST VINCENT & THE GRENADINES GRENADA

Bonaire

projection: Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area

N

11

Martinique (to France)

(Neth.)

Lake Nicaragua

COSTA RICA

200 300 400 500 600 100

KINGSTON

Sea

San Pedro Sula

9

10

DOMINICA

ST KITTS & NEVIS

SANTO

TEGUCIGALPA SAN SALVADOR NICARAGUA

GUATEMALA CITY

100

HAITI

Caribbean

BELMOPAN

Acapulco

8

Guadeloupe (to France)

G r DOMINGO Montserrat (to UK) e a PORT-AU-PRINCE Cayman Islands t e Island (to US) (to UK) r A Navassa n t i l l e s

Mérida

I

ANTIGUA & BARBUDA

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC SAN JUAN

Santiago de Cuba

Tampico San Luis Potosí León Irapuato Querétaro Morelia MEXICO CITY Toluca Puebla

0

Santa Clara

EOLE

I n d i e s

W e s t

Turks & Caicos Puerto Rico Islands (to UK) (to US)

Guantanamo Bay (to US)

C U BA

X ICO

0

T HE BA HA MAS

HAVANA

Mexico

CR

N

British Virgin Islands Virgin Islands (to US) (to UK) Anguilla (to UK)

NASSAU

Gulf of

Monterrey

Km

Savannah

Jacksonville Tallahassee

Mobile

Mississippi Delta

Corpus Christi

Columbus

Montgomery

Jackson

Baton Rouge

Houston San Antonio

S OU T H C A ROL INA

GEORGIA

A LA BA MA

LOUI SI ANA

Austin

Atlanta

Birmingham

MISSISSIPPI

Columbia

A T L A

ch

Tulsa A R K AN S AS Oklahoma City OKLAHOMA Little Rock

pa

Ar k a n s a s

Ap

Miss issipp i

la

E R I C A

A

Much of North America is almost empty, especially the frozen far north. Population densities are highest in the highlands of Mexico and Central America; the coastal plain stretching from the Gulf of Mexico along the Atlantic coast; the Great Lakes area; and the Pacific coast. Large conurbations have developed, notably the San-San (San Francisco–San Diego), Boswash (Boston–Washington) and Main Street (Toronto–Montréal). The populations of the Caribbean islands are small, but settlement is dense, due to the limited amount of land available.

T

ain

s

S TAT E S

Milwaukee Madison Chicago

I C

Sioux Falls

OLE C

Population

Buffalo Newark Lake Erie New York Detroit PENNSYLVANIA Trenton Cleveland NEW JERSEY Toledo Harrisburg Philadelphia Pittsburgh Baltimore Des Moines Dover DELAWARE OH IO I O W A Davenport NEBRASKA Annapolis INDIANA Omaha Columbus ILLINOIS WASHINGTON DC Lincoln Cincinnati WEST MARYLAND Springfield VIRGINIA Indianapolis Richmond Charleston Kansas City Topeka VIRGINIA Saint Louis hio Norfolk Frankfort O Louisville K A N S A S Jefferson City Evansville KENTUCKY M IS S OU R I Wichita Raleigh NORT H Springfield C A ROL INA Nashville Charlotte

Pierre

m Land in northern Canada has been set aside for Inuit reserves, allowing the Inuit and other Native American groups to maintain their traditional practices and culture.

s

Lake Huron

M I N N E S O TA

NOVA SCOTIA

O

NORTH DA KOTA

N

C

aw ren ce

Montréal

St. L

Lake Superior

(to France)

Charlottetown

Fredericton

Québec

CRE

The three major official languages of North America are of European origin, brought by settlers in the 16th century. In Canada, French and English are spoken; in the USA, English is the main language, with large Spanish-speaking areas in the southwest; Mexicans are Spanish-speaking; while the Caribbean islands use French, English and Spanish as well as the hybrid Creole tongues. In isolated areas, languages of the indigenous peoples still exist, such as Inuit in the far north of the continent.

St Pierre & Miquelon

NEW BRUNSWICK

FRENCH

H

Languages

Newfoundland

ON TA R IO

Y

S PA

St.John’s

PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND

IS

SH

Reindeer Lake

Thunder Bay

A

NEWF OUNDLAND AND LABR AD OR

QU É BE C

GL

N

M

state border

Lake Winnipeg

EN

OLE

Hud son B ay

Winnipeg

3

H

RE

S PA N I S H

full international border

M ANITOBA

E

C

N

H

Borders

A D A

N

500,000 to 1 million 50,000 to 100,000

t rait

2

F R

1 million to 5 million

ai

d Hu d s o n S

L E U T

ALGONQUI

above 5 million

NUUK

Iqaluit (Frobisher Bay)

N U N AV U T

A

A B A S C A N

Population

n

Foxe Basin

-

Map key

tr

n I sla

H

American Indian Germanic Romance Eskimo-Aleut Uninhabited

(to Denmark)

B affin B ay

T

O

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

17

X

Y

Z

5

NORTH AMERICA A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

North American resources

1

K

L

M

Standard of living The USA and Canada have one of the highest overall standards of living in the world. However, many people still live in poverty, especially in inner city ghettos and some rural areas. Central America and the Caribbean are markedly poorer than their wealthier northern neighbours. Haiti is the poorest country in the western hemisphere.

The two northern countries of Canada and the USA are richly endowed with natural resources which have helped to fuel economic development. The USA is the world’s largest economy, although today it is facing stiff competition from the Far East. Mexico has relied on oil revenues but there are hopes that the North American Free Trade Agreement (nafta), will encourage trade growth with Canada and the USA. The poorer countries of Central America and the Caribbean depend largely on cash crops and tourism.

Standard of living

3

Industry

 After its purchase from Russia in 1867, Alaska’s frozen lands were largely ignored by the USA. Oil reserves similar in magnitude to those in eastern Texas were discovered in Prudhoe Bay, Alaska in 1968. Freezing temperatures and a fragile environment hamper oil extraction.

The modern, industrialized economies of the USA and Canada contrast sharply with those of Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean. Manufacturing is especially important in the USA; vehicle production is concentrated around the Great Lakes, while electronic and hi-tech industries are increasingly found in the western and southern states. Mexico depends on oil exports and assembly work, taking advantage of cheap labour. Many Central American and Caribbean countries rely heavily on agricultural exports.

4

5

6

RUSS. FED.

Be

7

r in

tr gS

high

low

N

E A C O

A R C T I C

ait

(UN human development index)

B eaufor t

B e r ing

Greenland

B af f in

S ea

Prudhoe Bay

(to Denmark)

B ay

S ea

USA

L abrador Gulf of Alaska

9

Hu d s on S t

S ea rai t

m Fish such as cod, flounder and plaice are caught in the Grand Banks, off the Newfoundland coast, and processed in many North Atlantic coastal settlements.

Hud son B ay 10

C A N A D A

Vancouver

A

N Montréal

C

C Phoenix

Birmingham

El Paso New Orleans

C

Tampa

E

Gulf of Mexico

Monterrey

A

A

6

B

(to US)

Turks & Caicos Islands (to UK) Puerto Rico

C UBA Cayman Islands

Guadalajara

(to UK)

HAITI

GUATEMALA Guatemala City

(Neth.)

Curaçao (Neth.)

Tegucigalpa

DOMINICA

Martinique (to France) ST LUCIA BARBADOS ST VINCENT & THE GRENADINES

l GRENADA ti A n TRINIDAD & Port-of-Spain TOBAGO

Bonaire (to Neth.)

VENEZUELA

EL SALVADOR San Salvador NICARAGUA

San José

E

F

G

BI

A

Managua COSTA RICA

D

Lesser

Aruba

Caribbean Sea

HONDURAS

Montserrat (to UK) Guadeloupe (to France)

San Juan

(to US)

BELIZE

ST KITTS & NEVIS ANTIGUA & BARBUDA

Panama City

LO

industrial cities major industrial areas

(to UK)

(to US)

Navassa Island

GNI per capita (US$) below 1999 2000–4999 5000–9999 10,000–19,999 20,000–24,999 above 25,000

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

I n d i e s

British Virgin Islands Anguilla (to UK)

Port-au-Prince Santo Domingo G r e a t e JAMAICA r A n t i l l e s

Mexico City

coal oil gas

C

Virgin Islands

PANAMA

CO

printing & publishing research & development shipbuilding sugar processing textiles timber processing tobacco processing

W e s t THE BAHAMAS

Havana

MEXICO

N

17

Orlando

Miami

Industry

m The health of the Wall Street stock market in New York is the standard measure of the state of the world’s economy.

Jacksonville

M

O

Ciudad Juárez

15

16

Atlanta

Dallas

Houston

m Multinational companies rely on cheap labour and tax benefits to facilitate the assembly of vehicle parts in Mexican factories.

Charlotte

Tulsa

Tijuana

N

Greensboro Nashville

San Diego

14

Saint Louis

Wichita

Los Angeles

Philadelphia

Pittsburgh Baltimore Dayton Cincinnati

Kansas City

13

New York

Cleveland

A T L A

I

Denver

Detroit

le s

A M E R I C A

Chicago

I C

F O F

Milwaukee

Albany

Buffalo

T

I S T AT E S

O

C U N I T E D

Boston

Toronto

Minneapolis

San Francisco

aerospace brewing car/vehicle manufacture chemicals defence electronics engineering film industry finance food processing hi-tech industry iron & steel pharmaceuticals

A

Winnipeg

Portland

m South of San Francisco, ‘Silicon Valley’ is both a national and international centre for hi-tech industries, electronic industries and research institutions.

12

Calgary

Seattle

E

P

11

K

L

M

NORTH AMERICAN RESOURCES N

O

P

Q

R

T

S

U

V

W

X

Y

Environmental issues

Mineral resources

Many fragile environments are under threat throughout the region. In Haiti, all the primary rainforest has been destroyed, while air pollution from factories and cars in Mexico City is amongst the worst in the world. Elsewhere, industry and mining pose threats, particularly in the delicate arctic environment of Alaska where oil spills have polluted coastlines and decimated fish stocks.

Fossil fuels are exploited in considerable quantities throughout the continent. Coal mining in the Appalachians is declining but vast open pits exist further west in Wyoming. Oil and natural gas are found in Alaska, Texas, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Canadian West. Canada has large quantities of nickel, while Jamaica has considerable deposits of bauxite, and Mexico has large N reserves of silver. EA A

N E A O C B aff in B ay

L abrador S ea

Gulf of Alaska

A C

A

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Fraser

N Mi s s i s s i ppi Alabam a

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m In addition to fossil fuels, North America is also rich in exploitable metallic ores. This vast, mile-deep (1.6 km) pit is a copper mine in New Mexico.

6

N

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Gulf of Mexico

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heavy marine pollution

Pla e tt

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marine pollution

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radioactive contamination

Montréal dson Hu re D e l aw a

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polluted rivers

en am to

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Hud son B ay

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risk of desertification

James

desert

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Sudbury

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L abrador S ea

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Vancouver

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risk of acid rain

P A C

national parks

2

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Environmental issues

bauxite copper gold iron lead nickel phosphates silver uranium

3

B eaufor t S ea

B e r ing S ea

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oil field gas field coal field

O C

RC T I C

B eaufor t S ea

B e r ing S ea

Mineral resources

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A R C T I C

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13

14

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San Juan

16

Santo Domingo

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Mexico City

12

cattle goats pigs poultry reindeer sheep bananas citrus fruits coffee corn (maize) cotton fishing fruit maple syrup peanuts rice shellfish soya beans sugar cane timber tobacco vineyards wheat

AT L A

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Los Angeles San Diego

Ottawa

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Boston Saint Paul Toronto Cape Cod Buffalo Minneapolis New York Milwaukee Detroit Cleveland Miss Toledo Philadelphia Chicago Pittsburgh Baltimore Washington DC Columbus Indianapolis io Cincinnati Kansas Oh Louisville City Saint Louis Ar ia Nashville ka Charlotte nsa s Tulsa Memphis Oklahoma City Atlanta

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Québec Montréal

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Calgary

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cropland forest ice cap mountain region pasture tundra wetland desert major conurbations

Newfoundland

Winnipeg

11

Using the land and sea

k Seattle

 The Great Plains support large-scale arable farming throughout central North America. Corn is grown in a belt south and west of the Great Lakes, while further west where the climate is drier, wheat is grown.

N

S ea t

Hud son B ay

Vancouver

San Francisco

 Sugar cane is Cuba’s main agricultural crop, and is grown and processed throughout the Caribbean. Fermented sugar is used to make rum.

t rai

10

m In agriculturally marginal areas where the soil is either too poor, or the climate too dry for crops, cattle ranching proliferates – especially in Mexico and the western reaches of the Great Plains.

L abrador

Edmonton

P A

Abundant land and fertile soils stretch from the Canadian prairies to Texas creating North America’s agricultural heartland. Cereals and cattle ranching form the basis of the farming economy, with corn and soya beans also important. Fruit and vegetables are grown in California using irrigation, while Florida is a leading producer of citrus fruits. Caribbean and Central American countries depend on cash crops such as bananas, coffee and sugar cane, often grown on large plantations. This reliance on a single crop can leave these countries vulnerable to fluctuating world crop prices.

B ay

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Gulf of Alaska

Using the land and sea

9

Ma c k

M

Al e ut i a n R a ng e

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Br

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m Wild bison graze in Yellowstone National Park, the world’s first national park. Designated in 1872, geothermal springs and boiling mud are among its natural spectacles, making it a major tourist attraction.

8

G r e e

N

Caribbean Sea Guatemala City

S

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17

Managua

X

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7

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F

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The majority of Canada’s agricultural land is found in the prairies, which cover 140 million acres (57 million ha) and support wheat and grain-fed cattle. More specialized crops, such as fruit and vegetables, are grown in pockets of agricultural land in the east and west. Of Canada’s many islands, only Prince Edward Island has notable farmland. Further north, boreal forests, exploited for timber, run in an almost unbroken arc, giving way to uncultivable tundra and ice sheets in the far north.

B onn e t

Using the land and sea

Teslin

In recent years the road network has been expanded, especially links to remote areas. Meanwhile, for long-distance travel, air transport now supersedes the declining rail network, which focuses mainly on east–west routes.

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309,019 miles (497,375 km)

Mountains Elias int Sa

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The transport network

P A C I F I C

aerospace car manufacture chemicals engineering food processing hi-tech industry hydro-electric power oil & gas mining timber processing capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

White

Major industry and infrastructure

IC N

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b  Canada has one of the world’s highest rates of energy consumption per person. It is endowed with vast hydroelectric potential from which more than 60% of its electricity requirements are generated.

Abundant energy in the form of coal, oil, natural gas and hydro-electric power underpins Canadian industry. Over 75% of manufacturing is concentrated in the Great Lakes–St. Lawrence region, including prospering aerospace, transport and hi-tech industries. Across Canada as a whole, manufacturing has developed around a diversified, high-quality resource base and a wide range of metallic and non-metallic minerals.

Rn

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Peace

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Canada is the second largest country in the world, and with only about one-tenth of its land area inhabited, it is one of the most sparsely populated. Canada became a confederation in 1867, though Newfoundland did not join until 1949. As a founding member of the un and of the Commonwealth, Canada has played an important role in international affairs. A constitutional crisis, focusing on the French-speaking Québécois, and Inuit and Native American land rights, dominated politics in the 1990s. In 1999, part of the Northwest Territories, Nunavut, became a self-governing homeland for the Inuit.

196

l a

 The Selwyn Mountains in northwestern Canada form part of the Rocky Mountains. The highest point, Keele Peak, rises to 9750 ft (2972 m).

d

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Canada

1

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Wollaston Lake

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AT L OC AN EA T N

30

40

50

60

70

80

Population density

Total land area

9 people per sq mile (3 people per sq km)

3,559,294 sq miles (9,220,970 sq km)

A

B

90

100

cattle cereals fishing fruit timber capital cities major towns

C

D

E

F

G

H

s

UNIT E D S TAT E S O F

 The climate and topography of the prairies makes them ideally suited to farming. Long summer days, moderate temperatures, limited rainfall and flat plains provide excellent conditions for wheat farming.

pasture cropland forest wetland mountain region barren tundra

Calgary

n

20

16

i

10

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Mo

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Land use and agricultural distribution

rural 23%

I

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17

s

The urban/rural population divide

16

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PAC I F I C O C E A N

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12

I

Scale 1:13,250,000 Km

0 25 50 0

Miles

25

100 50

150

200

100

250 150

300

350 200

250

300

350

projection: Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area

J

K

L

M

N O RT H A M E R ICA : CANADA

pe Ca ecla H

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Top layer thaws in the summer 1

Marginal areas of permafrost thaw in summer Unfrozen ground where temperature is more moderate

m Along the northeastern coast of Baffin Island the mountains rise to 8000 ft (2440 m). Glaciers move down through the valleys to the sea, eroding wide U-shaped valleys.

Exposure to three phases of mountain-building and subsequent erosion over millions of years has moulded the ancient Canadian Shield into a series of basins and ridges.

Fertile prairies stretch The Mackenzie river, flowing north from the southern rim over the permafrost, forms a wide of the Canadian Shield, river channel with many tributaries. south into the USA. Together with the Peel river it has created a long, narrow delta at its mouth. The entire river freezes during the winter. Great Bear Lake

Davis St ra q

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 Permanently frozen ground frozen ground known as permafrost is common in Canada’s northern tundra. It thickens further north, becoming hundreds of metres deep in parts of the Arctic.

Glaciers on islands in the Arctic Ocean are the last remnants of the ice sheet that once covered and shaped Canada. Hudson Bay is the centre of the Canadian Shield, a huge, eroded plateau marked at its southern extremity by a string of lakes running southeastwards from Great Bear Lake to the Great Lakes. In contrast to the rolling relief of the Shield and the central lowland region, the Rocky Mountains rise to peaks of over 13,000 ft (4000 m), stretching 500 miles (800 km) along the west coast.

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The Great Lakes lie on the Canada– USA border. The basins they now occupy were fashioned by repeated ice advance. At one time, Lakes Superior, Huron and Michigan formed a single large lake, Lake Nipissing.

The Rocky Mountains were formed some 80 million years ago, when the Pacific plate was driven under the North American plate, forcing up the land.

Is la

lf

The St. Lawrence River is 2350 miles (3782 km) d lan long. It flows from the western shore of Lake y Is unk e l M s w Superior through the Great Lakes and on to Jen sland Ro a k e i I i l c o h t o h the Atlantic Ocean. From December to April, or th Cu m b e r l a n d S o Boo Iglo e ac ce r F nd e a i l u B l n n i c u i l d A s s l r Lemie the St. Lawrence Seaway freezes between a i P r ar le Isla Ha ux I Pe n i n k ) Cape an ic C a t o h d y c s Lake Ontario and Montréal. lan C l an pm Talo nce Bay Ar ng k s Cha d i I a l s l e (Spe i ju itte ett Lake ll la ad mm N o a d m C g  The Great Lakes are drained by Kin n A ke M H n su aruk Bay le La Kuga Bay) La cKeand lv il l a ks the St. Lawrence River which n William y ni ales M e (Pell Lo e nd t ma W u i a d w s d n P l s flows down through a wide lu Isla Bo ay Islan nin nI qa ay) e B F I en r o o av b P i i H s B h e r B ay t tectonic depression. It forms a Gjoa er Me t a In c o tuuq) a olu h l s y s g a n u (Uqsuq e ita B broad estuary for much of its bi R nd ns er ds and ulse ro Isla rchest t Pe n i n s u l a eni l an Rep (F Hay et course, the width varying from 1.2 ru art eP Isl ek Is Do es ors sitt x mi our) e n n o d p D a o m n F n V miles (1.9 km) in the upper reaches Ca pe ce tt lli Ki arb sla Ca bur y an Bu Ki Fox gI to 90 miles (145 km) at its mouth. eH dv is T Bi ak eC sA Sal and L e ( U p han k n Isl o V Ho taq pato t n p p W el ager Bay m ur Ca uaq Ak land N A es tha rb o a Q arl Is aq N U Ch sland S o u Is l a n dCoraliHq)a jju m av k I a c lu h d l k a Ba l g g a u s n y n i vi s e (S ai n ott Isla q’ al ko in giq ant U B a con Evan s N ed a k itu an cN Na k p i a S t ra i t l K v L M o ji le H rfa s Ivu su Gy land les Ge ake in va ake Is euil n e Baker L p a é a Baker L aq) r C ll g F P A w nittu ux da ape Lo Chest Un (Qama ca ne l erfie Ken C d’ La nse ld In Pay Ri a c er ND s d t M a t l v iè n et k L Inle th 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a a c Seul S dL ake Canora Mountain a N d L L L n d D e a w R l a y on 831m n alls kout ale t irk in ke bur Kip Ot Ear F Nipig Eriksd Gimli atho eye K x Loo unta taw bro kes Lac Bay Siou Fol gon Mar Top Mo a Yorkton Dauphin ke a g Pem Haw Nipi am n a ip h n e g i t d T L y o s r Dr G Riding mi Selkirk No e Nipis 640m a 's c des aga rr y Mountain Waw Tem Lak eg Kenora Eagle Lake eine LMa illes Lacs der Bay Ba y s ille ip n Elevation Population ith a in y Minnedosa Prairie H ckv n B W bach a ur Sm Falls Thu Bro ola rk’s libur ton Portage la lt rie Sudb y Lake n n tein u in a S a a k H n 1 million to 5 million a o R ighlands u lls k S .Ma o sp an ti B t m E A ar d s on C a le nd g F Carly Bra Ste oun ey Winkler Su p e r i o r 6000m / 19,686ft Kin 500,000 to 1 million ds oe Killarn n arr y S lin ke imc the WoRoainy River Forratnces itou Melita er rg ia o La Lake of ke S F Riv Man land Geo y P i a 100,000 to 500,000 d r L a 4000m / 13,124ft h Is w a Ba land g Blin t a ou sh On Midood L ak O ke 50,000 to 100,000 bor w Peter m 3000m / 9843ft a g e n L i a l ls 10,000 to 50,000 Col rkh Fal Mapton 2000m / 6562ft ara g a below 10,000 Ni m rie rt E Braner 1000m / 3281ft n Fo he

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 Isolated pillars, known as hoodos near Red Deer river in the badlands of Alberta are a product of wind and water erosion, especially flash floods. The badlands lie in the rain shadow of the Rocky Mountains, which creates a semi-arid climate.

o ont Tor

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Great L ak

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CA AMERI

17

sea level

L

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Mount H 2743m unt

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UN I OF TED AM ST E R AT E IC S A

l ay

Sikanni Chief Pink Mountai n Wonowon

Sustut Peak 2470m

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M

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n wa Winnipeg

Regina

E F AM U N I T E D S TAT E S O

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Mount Lloyd George 2972m

s

Churchill

Manitoba

Vancouver Victoria

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Saskatoon Calgary

C

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Alberta Edmonton

Nu

S as

CEAN IC O

Fort McMurray

nd sla eI

t h w e s t Te r r i t o r i e s

ott

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British Columbia

Kamloops

10

The transport network of the western provinces is dominated by east–west routes that weave through mountain passes and spread across the plains. Access to some northern areas is restricted to air travel.

O

PA

Nor

Prince George

A

arl

Whitehorse

17

None

h nC

T OR A

Yukon

16

24,041 miles (38,694 km)

major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

aerospace chemicals coal engineering food processing hydro-electric power mining oil & gas timber processing

Dawson

15

6459 miles (10,401 km)

Major industry and infrastructure

BE AU SE F

Mount Roos evelt 2972m Mount Sylvi a 2942m Prophet River

Hudson's Ho pe Cranber Junctiory k S ee n n Kitwanga Hazelto Takla n New Haz Lake Seven Sist Pine Pass elton Dixon ers Peaks 869m Entran Mackenzie Granisle Babine 2755m ce P McLeod a Cape K T er race nox Smithers Lake rince R Lake i upert Masse n Sentinel Peak Telkwa t s 2515m Porcher a n Graha e e H Port Ed Sk ouston Island Stuart ward Fort St.Jam Islandm es Douglas Kitimat Burns Lake La ke Port C ua Channel rt Queenlements Fraser Lake Charlo Sin tte Ootsa Lake Vanderhoof clair Mills Sandsp it Banks Kemano Moresb Prince c Island Ne Eutsuk La Island y George ke Princess Royal Island Aristaza bal Barkerville Nazko Island Quesnel Ocean Fa Hagensb org lls Likely Anahim La d Bella Coo ke Ma Cape St. an Bella Bel la rguerite James Isl Burke la Channel Mount Queen Williams Sa Alexis Cr Namu 2908m ugstad Charlott Lake Kleena Kleeeek M e Dawsons L ne Rivers In onarch Mountain an Ta le di tla Lake Sound t 3533m ng Rivers Hanceville 192 Inlet Cape Cau Mount Wad 100 Mile House tion dington Que 4016m en Mount Queen C Cape Sc ha Bess 3313m ott rlo Knight tte Clinton Port Har Winter Inlet Str dy Mount Gilbe Harbou rt ait r Cache Creek 31 09 m Po Port Alice rt McNeill Bute Inlet Cape Coo Sa Lillooet k Ashcroft Vancouve yward Pemberton r Campb ell River Whistler Wedge Ly tton Island Mountain Gold Riv er 2891m Tahsis Powell Rive Comox r Bosto  Much of the Yukon is Squamish n Bar Courtenay un No rth o uninhabited tundra. Industry is Se chelt Va aS ncouver Hope Port Parksville No o t k Gibsons based on the extraction of Tofino Alberni Richmon d N mineral resources, and to a an Burnaby aimo Ucluelet La smith Vancouver lesser extent, on the scattered Chilliwack nd Bamdy Langley u o fie ld Lak S e Cowichan Abbotsford forests of the south. ley Duncan Bark tr ait Victoria o f J Esquimalt uan d e Fu c a G H I J

Quee

14

82,438 miles (135,145 km)

Nelso

BRITI SH COLU MBIA

Meziadin nction StewarJu t

Portlan d Inlet

C

13

The western provinces contain a wealth of mineral resources. Alberta holds the bulk of Canada’s fossil fuels; the other provinces contain reserves of metallic ores, such as zinc, lead and silver. Isolation from markets has slowed the development of manufacturing, restricting it to the large cities like Vancouver, Winnipeg and Calgary. Hydro-electric power is widely exploited, although there is increasing concern about potential ecological damage.

The transport network

I

Transport and industry

F

12

N

Mount Pa tt 2729m ullo

ai

m Large, highly-mechanized and often very specialized farms, requiring huge investment but little labour, characterize modern farming in the prairies.

nt

1,230,547 sq miles (3,187,120 sq km)

100

t

8 people per sq mile (3 people per sq km)

90

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Fi n

80

Fo rt

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70

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60

Total land area

n

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ka

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Mount W 2515m ill Bronlund Peak 2594m

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Population density

o

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Mount 2787m Edziza

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Upper L iard Watson Lake Lower Po st

Mesza 2164mh Peak

Moun ra 3136m t Ratz

Mount M ur 2162m ray

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M

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ai

Al se k

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White horse Jo

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11

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Ross R iver

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Keele Pe 2972m ak

H

ll

li Tes

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s ns R T tai a i n un Mo nt yn ou Selw ie M

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m Established in 1907, Jasper National Park lies in the heart of the Rocky Mountains. It is noted for its spectacular alpine scenery and contains part of the large Columbia Icefield.

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The urban/rural population divide urban 83%

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UN I OF TED AM ST E R AT E IC S A

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Vancouver

g

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White Si 880m Pass Atlin mpson Peak 2173m

pasture cropland forest wetland barren tundra

Regina

Calgary

ia

Kamloops

in s

YUK

major towns

Winnipeg

Saskatoon

cier

Ogilv ie

nt a

P

Prince George

Manitoba

n wa

Edmonton

rd Gla

El

ch e kat

Alberta

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S as

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British Columbia

Thompson

ou

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e Cre

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Fort McMurray

Plain

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cattle cereals fishing fruit timber

Churchill

Coffe

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h w e s t Te r r i t o r i e s

ek

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PA

Nor t

Koid ern

agricultural distribution

ut n av

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Whitehorse

Beav er Cr e

S e wa

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Wheat farming is the economic mainstay of Alberta, Manitoba and Saskatchewan, which contain 82% of farmland in Canada. Cattle are also raised on the prairies. Forestry and fishing are the most prominent resource-based industries in British Columbia. Despite the mountainous terrain, fruit and specialized grains can be grown Dawson in the Okanagan and Fraser valleys. Yukon Land use and BE AU SE F

p

Glenb oyle

Stewa rt Riv er

w D a

Using the land and sea

cle

M

Daw son

it e

16

u rc Po

c Cir

M

m The Fraser River valley is a major area of settlement in British Columbia. Railways cross the Rocky Mountains via this valley.

Wind

ie

Clinto n Cre

L

zie Bay

O g i lv i e

Wh

6

Old C row Porcupine

Arcti

k Yu

5

Ma ck e n

O g i lv

4

British Moun tains

ountains son M

The mountains of the west coast, incorporating British Columbia and the Yukon, descend into the vast, flat prairies of Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba. The empty lands and fertile soils of the prairie provinces attracted migrants, and the descendants of early European immigrants still make up a large proportion of the population. The mechanization of agriculture has reduced the need for labour, and rural population densities remain low. The majority of the people live within 100 miles (160 km) of the southern Canada–USA border, and in British Columbia, one of the leading Canadian provinces in terms of economic wealth. The Yukon, in the far north, remains a relatively unspoilt wilderness, containing large, untapped mineral reserves. This province has a significant population of Native Americans, many of whom maintain a traditional lifestyle.

K

t S a

hard

Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, S a s k a t c h e w a n , Yu k o n

for

e Hersch el Islan d

Co

WESTERN PROVINCES

2

au

Ric

D S TA TE (AL S O AS F A KA ME ) RIC A

Canada:

1

Be

G

Sn ak

F

s

E

Ro s

D

e

C

in

B

Eagle

A

Fi n l a y

NORTH AMERICA

Vancouver

U

N O RT H A M E R ICA : CANADA – WE ST E R N PROVI N CE S N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

The landscape

The Columbia Icefield in the Rocky Mountains is the source of two major rivers, the Athabasca and the North Saskatchewan.

Mount Logan rises 19,551 ft (5959 m). It is the highest peak in Canada.

The massive Rocky Mountains form a continental divide between rivers flowing eastward and westward. East of the mountains, stretching from the Arctic Circle south into the USA, lie the interior plains. Covered with glacial deposits from the last Ice Age, these are interspersed with hilly regions and long, steep escarpments.

U

V

W

Vegetated island

Y

Bar

River flow is diverted by deposited sediments

1

Sand flat

m Braided rivers are shallow and fast-flowing. The interlaced branches are formed when excess sediments, which can no longer be transported, are deposited. The sediments collect in the river channel forming bars and sand flats. Islands form when the bars are colonized by vegetation.

The badlands of Alberta were created when east-flowing rivers, swollen by meltwater at the end of the last Ice Age, cut deep, wide canyons producing eroded, barren landscapes.

Map key

X

2

m Across the tundra of northern Manitoba, widespread permafrost inhibits water from permeating the soil. This causes rivers like the Churchill to flow in many channels, which can be frozen for up to six months during the winter.

South Saskatchewan River

3

Population 500,000 to 1 million

The Nelson and Churchill rivers drain northward across the Canadian Shield to Hudson Bay. The shield covers threefifths of Saskatchewan.

100,000 to 500,000 50,000 to 100,000 10,000 to 50,000 below 10,000

Setting Lake

The Rocky Mountain Trench is the longest linear fault in the world. It has formed a straight, flat-bottomed valley between 2–9 miles (4–15 km) wide, and up to 3280 ft (1000 m) deep.

Elevation 6000m / 19,686ft 4000m / 13,124ft 3000m / 9843ft

5

Hundreds of islands dot the fjord-indented coast of British Columbia; the largest is Vancouver Island.

2000m / 6562ft 1000m / 3281ft 500m / 1640ft

The Alberta and Saskatchewan plains bear strong testament to past glaciations. The Assiniboine, Saskatchewan and Qu’Appelle rivers occupy flat-bottomed, steep-sided valleys eroded during the last Ice Age by glacial meltwater.

Three major passes cut through the Rocky Mountains: Yellowhead, Kicking Horse and Crowsnest. They are all used as transport routes through the mountains.

250m / 820ft 100m / 328ft sea level

The Cypress Hills rise to 4806 ft (1465 m) above the surrounding plain. Having escaped the last glaciation they contain unique plant and animal life. The silvery lupine, bunchberry and lodgepole pine all grow in the cool, moist climate of the hills.

Scale 1:7,500,000

200

250

h

Fort McMurray

A L B E RTA

G

G

Cl

Foster Lakes

Tur nor Lake Frobisher Lake e Loch La

ear water

ke Macoun La

o Kinoosa

Fox Mine

Southend

Hone

Ch ur ch il l

ids Leaf Rap le Lake Granv il

Gillam

ak e Split L Kelsey d

Go

Ilford

BA O T I MAN t

o wo

Thomp

son

k Sipiwes

A

Ha ye

T

N

13

H

asca

ill

s

in W

eg

14

up in

e

tc h

Ba t

Por c

I

m

S ou th S

P

lu

Saskatc North

an

A

o

a sk a

ab

r

ip

n

se

Edmonton

O

ke

t

m

La

oky

a

B e av e r

e

E WA N

Nelson

Nipi n

s

l

Athabas ca

ee r

r

T C

m Tatna

a attaw Sham

agan House Churchill Lake Pukataw Oxford Peace River Taylor Peace ke ke a La Grimshaw e L us s ho row r rd Pete Pine Buffalo Nar Desmarais Fairview Oxfo ake Charles issi ssing Missinipe i l Utikuma Lake Lake Gods Lws k L ak e Pond Spirit River K Go d s C h u r c h Sandy Bay Rycroft Sipiwes abowden Sandy Lake Lake L ak e Narro W osse Donnel -Cr Gift Chetwynd Dawson Creek Lake g ly à-la n Îlee lin ti s k Conk a Falher Set e arrow Snow Lake Lac La McLennan Cross L Tupper Pelikan N L ak Lesser Slave Lake High Prairie Ronge L ak e Hythe Sexsmith e Kinuso Creighton erry Portage Ponton Beauval La Ronge n L ak Island nb Beaverlodge Slave Lake ra C Molso Calling Lake Flin Grande ValleyviewFaust Wembley Smith ant Flon Primrose Prairie Wallace Tumbler Ridge ult House Hondo Cormor Amisk Mountain Lake Deschamba Norway Lake Lake 1259m Doré Lake it i Lac La Biche Boyle Lake p Cold Little Smoky Wa Swan Hills Cold Lake Montreal se Athabasca and Hou Pierceland The Pas Moose Lake Lake Green Lake Fox Creek Cumberl Grand Centre tchewan tray Mount Sir Alexander a Bonnyville Westlock S t t l e Sm o k y askesiu Lake Lake adow Lake Smoky Lake W Me k ake s Wes 3274m Li Cedar L Candle Lake St.Paul Sa Whitecourt Barrhead Big River Redwater Tobin oiceland Elk Point Rapids Poplar d n Morinville Fort ra t don N G Mayerthorpe Ch Willing or t h ille Grande Cache Carro Fr Sas St.Walburg St.Albert Saskatchewan Easterv a Meath Park er Two Hills iv in s R a k aw ip atc i N Sherwood Edson Spruce Grove River t Rapid s e o od wayn n u r wo Mar irit h re r Sp e rt Be Evansburg ew Turtleford Grand Park Mundar Prince Albe Ca McBride th Barrows asq son Vegreville Vermilion Little B e re n s P Plain A Stony n sly s Gla Mount Robson Hud Birch HillMelfort Devon s ShellbrookDuck Hinton Drayton Valley Mannville Bay 3954m il l Tofield Blaine Lake ewan iver Lloydminstere Lashburn North wan iver H Yellowhead Pass Birch R Lake he Edmonton Leduc Camrose Viking Tisdale Lake Tête Jaune Ca tl Maidstone .Louis osis Dauphin R St d b in a m for e ttle che 1131m Jasper Ba ock P ve uck Baynas Winnipeg er n D aw er es Daysland Wainwright ak R Cut Wetaskiwin sth W rd Ro Pine D ito Haffo dle Naicam mville Mount Sir Wilfrid Laurier in id su M M an p y Sw G wan Marsden Knife Battleford Waldheim n an o to n C 3505m Valemount ke Rimbey Ponoka w ng Killam La o vi Jasper k r er el S Riv Rive Hardisty Borden Aberdeen Watson K Bashaw B Benito National Park Nordegg Unity Fisher Wilkie egosis lle Bentley at Lacombe t Winnip tagan ost Martensville Preecevia Kinbasket Car iboo Duckntain HumboQldui Stettler tle Prov ranch Manigo Lakes n en ll B oon Lake ad Sylvan kat r W Sas t e Rocky klin Mountain ay u House Lake h Mac o er Mountain s ern Fis M ck orqu Castor elb ain niga N n sh th La oo A E at rd sk Mica Mount Columbia Sa sa ount Coronation Red Deer Wynya Allan g ton ach Blue River Biggar Baldy M sin Kam hin Creek u Lac River Arborg 3741m Canora Youn Kerrobert Delburne Delisle ria Be Innisfail lin 831m Daup Ste.Rose d ib Victo s oe am Lake Co oi Rob Consort Columbia ale e Fall Clearwater Trochu Dundurn Watrous Daf Fo Theodore w sd in Sundre Olds iley ry n ie lu P Sm ik a v r d re E e ch R Grange Icefield McC d Deer Raymore ountain Hanna Gimli Yorktonats Three Hills Rosetown Outlook eg Bea Bonnet Youngstown id e k ip Re br a n h Little Fort M Kicking g t L co rc st sley in lt u in La Morrin Didsbury Kinder Sa Chu ussell Rid Davidson nW k Poin Jasmin Lac d awa Horse Pass R Lake anitoba Oa nt Teulo ll ssburn elville Crossfield Carstairs Drumheller Pinur Alsask Rogers Pass 1627m nburg uthey alM y Rountain M e re a Eston Elrose Elbow Beiseker Re Barrière Lake Louise Airdrie Oyen Eatonia 1327m Strasbourg So o B carres Langeelle Esterhaz ak a St.Laustone Stonew ausejo ennie L k e M dD al B ir o in n h lk d Golden Banff Cochrane S Calgary R e berla paw Gla S u'App Foxwarre n h e wan er am Q ee ak c en re rt Ch nb t N av r e Glacier efe a Fo a Cr e Di k Lake sa ead Strathmore ip ge Falcoen Revelstoke irie WWinnipeg Sas Canmore ach inn.A IndianGHrenfell Qu’Appell Minnedo e la Pra Lumsden r Riverhurst W g o Regina Be n Chase g Mount Assiniboine ta Leader n L ak r re o P y Ste Bassano MeacG 3618m Sicamous Salmon Arm Balgonie Whitewood min Hamiotaivers arberr y ach olphe Cabri Stewart Valleaplin Tuxford Regina Okotoks n C St.Ad Ch R Steinb Turner Valley Black e ib o i ooso a Enderby th M n Diamond ey in f i ley dl o k eg Val s s Se Jaw R Brook Fox Kamloop Armstrong an Radium Hot Springs High River lo Lake Woods Langbanirden Brandon As rbert Moose Kipling Carm Morris St.Ma Logan Lake s V Swift Current He Hodgeville Old Wives Lake Invermere Nanton Vulcan Bow City ss olland s kler n ra ri Cold H o G u strea in ey s w o m b r u S is W ne llo e o Nakus ins K p Ye Vern le Ardill Tompk Em Milesto Suffield Pilot Manit Travers Reservoir Merritt on Okanagan Gull Lake elbourg Weyburn ton Carly Reston vain en New d Medicine Hat Grav Pangman Moun al Mord Altona ough Kelowna Lake Redcliff Vauxhall Denver Redvers Melita Boisse Elkford Claresholm Ponteix Maple Creek lac lle St r yst ow vi a C oi ad xb ib R e O lsh Kaslo y e sin dil Wa Peachland Wes e in ch Crowsnest Pass As Ca Lafle Taber City tbank Delora Killarn Balfour Kimberley Sparwood 1356m Fort Coaldale Tribune Bienfait Bow Island ll s Shaunavon Willow Bunch Horizon ff Lethbridge ss Hi Macleod Princeton Summerland Carndu an Crawford BayFernie n Foremost Cy pre d Mankota ev inton ai ten st Creek M nt Pincher E Eas ou M Coleman Wood Nelson Penticton Magrath Raymond Coronach Robsart Cranbrook Castlegar Rockglen Grand Oliver Milk River Climax Val Marie Cardston Creston Forks Osoyoos se Trail Hor Wild Kingsgate Roosville Rossland

S A S K AT C H

ay

n iver Weir R

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House Nelson

9

mer Herch

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B

rchi l l

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n

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Fort MacKay

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r Hills Fort Clea St.John Hine s Creek

rc

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o

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to

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a Wab

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Pasfield Lake

Tadoule

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ds

Beatton River

Ath aba s ca

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i ch

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Fort Vermilion

y

Co

u

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ca abas Ath

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ake Caribou nilini L

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8

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I

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S

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R

a c Fa r l a

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M

T

H

V U T A N N U

tle

150

100

projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

ll

50

Miles

7

250

200

Lit

25

0

150

100

Nel son

50

25

6

The lowlands of Manitoba are a basin that once held the vast post-glacial Lake Agassiz, remnants of which include Lake Winnipeg, Lake Winnipegosis and Lake Manitoba.

n

0

m Ancient granite outcrops, part of the Canadian Shield, rise above the surface of Setting Lake, which was initially formed by meltwater from the last Ice Age.

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e

n

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s

s

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Calgary

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irk

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15

an

N I T E

D

S

T A T

E

S

O F

C A I E R M A X

Y

16

16

17

Z

11

NORTH AMERICA B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

Canada: EASTERN PROVINCES N e w B r u n s w i c k , N e w f o u n d l a n d & L a b r a d o r, N o v a S c o t i a , O n t a r i o , Pri n ce E dwa rd I sla n d , Q u é b ec , St Pie rre & M iq u e lo n (to Fra nce)

Ivujivik

50

25

150

100

25

50

Sleeper Islands

S e ve r

a aw

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12

ha

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o h se

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oo

se

r

mi

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nd

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t

n

o

M

Gatineau

Na

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sia mi te s

Lac St-Jean St-Félicien Alma Chicoutimi Roberval Les Escoumins St Hérbertville Jonquière La Baie Tadoussac ce Rivière-du-Loup La Malbaie St-Pascal La Tuque Baie-St-Paul Lac Kempt La Pocatière t-Joli n-Por St-Jea Montmagny

Malartic Val-d'Or

Réservoir Ville-Marie Decelles Lac Kipawa

Réservoir Pipmuacan

Dolbeau-Mistassini

Réservoir Gouin

Montréal

higan

Lake Mic

OTTAWA

Kitch

Stratford ener

uga

To

rborough

Guelph Burlingronto ton Cambridge Wood

L a k e O nt ar

Fo stock Hamilton Hamilto Sarnia rest London Brantford St.n Catharin Strathroy Tillsonburg Niagara Fallses Wallac St.Thomas Simcoe Nanticoke Fort Erie Lake St.Clai eburg West Port Burwell Windsor rChatham Lorne

Essex

B

Larder Lake

u

Réservoir Baskatong Charlesbourg dbur y Québec Lévis St-Ignace-du-Lac Grand-Mère Elliot LaSu ke Mont-Laurier Donnacona Blind River Sturgeon Falls No rth Bay Shawinigan Espa Nor Maniwaki Mattawa Cap-de-la-Madeleine th Channel Massey nola Lake Gore Bay St-Félix-de-Valois Trois-Rivières Thetford-Mines Nipissing Powassan Callander Ottaw a Deep River Ste-Agathe-des-Monts rges Manitoulin Little Current Sorel Victoriaville St-Geo South River Petaw Joliette awa Island Manitowaning Drummondville Fort-Coulonge St-Jérôme Pembroke Burk’s Falls Repentigny os Asbest Mirabel Georgian Parry Sou Barr y's Bay Renfrew Buckingham Lac-Mégantic Lachute St-Hyacinthe Tobermor y Gatineau nd Hawkesbury Laval o Ma Arnprior Hull ke Sherbroo Huntsville n daw Ottawa Châteauguay Granby Nepean Bay Bracebridge Haliburton H aska Magog St-Jean i g Carleton Place Cowansville h Wiarton Banc roft l Cornwall Midland a n Perth Smiths Falls e Gravenhurst ds Owen Sound c Lake en Collingwood Orillia Brockville wr Simcoe a Twee d Kincardine L Barrie Lindsay . Peterborough St All nover iston Gananoque Newmarket Mount ForesHa TrentonNapanee t Orangeville Belle Wingham ville Kings ton Markham Cobourg Lester B. Pearson Goderich Bram Port Hope pto Oshawa Clinton Mississa n Sca

ie L ak e Er Leamington

Pelee Island A

St o

ig

we

he

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e es

ag S

sea level

Thessalon

Rouyn-Noranda

a

t

100m / 328ft 17

Lake Temagami Capreol

es

250m / 820ft

Gogama Englehart Gowganda New Liskeard Cobalt

Lebel-sur-Quévillon

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t

500m / 1640ft

Normétal La Sarre

ur

Elevation

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L

Chapais

n e r

lib

16

Lac Manouane Mistissini (Baie-du-Poste) Lac Péribonca Chibougamau

Ha

below 10,000

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Timmins Kirkland Lake Matachewan

Lac Plétipi

Lac Albanel

u ro n ke H

10,000 to 50,000

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Tip Top M ountain 640m

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La

ERICA OF AM

50,000 to 100,000

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Sault Ste.M arie

ES

100,000 to 500,000

ts O on M

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AT 500,000 to 1 million

Kesagami Lake

Iroquois Falls

Chapleau

Mont Yapeitso 1135m

aur i

ST 1 million to 5 million

15

Hornepayn Kapuskasing e Manitouw adge

Wawa

de Gran Rivièr e

La

-M

D Population

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Terrace Bay St. Ignace Island Maratho n

e Super ior

Réservoir de Caniapiscau

ll

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co w

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Thunde r Bay

T Map key

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16

14

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13

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Fort Albany Charlton Island

ok

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Akimiski Island

u

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Wemindji

a

12

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Ignace

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Kuujjuarapik (Poste-de-la-Baleine) G ra n d e R i v i è r

South Twin Island

ère aux M

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Chisasibi La Gra nde Riv ière (Fort George) ux Radisson Rése r voir la Grande De North Twin Island

t api ska Attawapiskat

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Bay Swan

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Belcher Islands

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on

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King George Islands

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200

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Cap Hopes Advance

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0

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irnituq’ e Puv Lac Nantais

Lac Klotz

Ottawa Islands

projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

7

Cape Smith Smith Island

t

Kangiqsujuaq

es

Km

0

Bl a c

Péninsule

Scale 1:7,000,000

Miles

6

S

Déception

Mansel Island

Lac Tassialouc

 Rocher Percé, is 290 ft (88 m) high. Lying off the southeastern coast of Québec, it is a sanctuary for sea birds.

5

n

ill

4

196

s

3

8

Salluit

Riv ier ed

Colonized by both the English and the French during the 16th century, Canada’s eastern provinces are still marked by their dual influences. They contain the last fragment of once-sizeable French territories, the islands of St Pierre and Miquelon. French remains Canada’s second official language and Québec’s first language. The population of the eastern provinces is highly concentrated in the south, especially along the border with the USA. A recent decline in fishing in the Atlantic provinces has encouraged a steady flow of westerly migration to more prosperous regions. The north, around Hudson Bay, remains snow-covered for most of the year and the indigenous Inuit people make up the bulk of its sparse population.

N U N AV U T

2

M

H u d s Charles Island o

UN

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i

o

1

L

P é r ib o n c a

A

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ES T A J

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16

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M

N O RT H A M E R ICA : CANADA – E AST E R N PROVI N CE S N

O

P

Q

R

S

The landscape

a

U

V

W

X

Y

 Labrador’s indented coast is a product of past glaciations, which caused sea level change, and wave erosion. There are countless offshore islands, fjords and exposed headlands.

The Péninsule d’Ungava is littered with erratics – isolated rocks which were carried by glaciers and deposited away from their place of origin when the glacier melted.

Much of eastern Canada is part of the Canadian Shield. Glaciers have scoured the land leaving deposits that have dammed and diverted streams, to create a rocky landscape strewn with lakes and swamps. Much of the ground is subject to permafrost, which further impedes drainage. The uplands in the far east are the most northerly extension of the Appalachian mountain chain.

i t

T

1

2

The eroded highlands of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland are part of the Appalachian mountain chain, formed over 400 million years ago.

ds Button Islan

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Laurentides Park

Hebron

A

s

Cod Island nds Okak Isla

D

Ge

ou

nt

Me

M aly

pson ope Sim Port H

Major industry and infrastructure O

ove Sally's C

n Manicouaga

Corner

Hudson Bay

Schefferville

New fou nd land & L abr ador

Ont ar io

St. John's

Thunder Bay

New Br u nsw ick Pr i nce E dward Island E Québec Nova Scot ia O C

N

le

auld Cape B ony St.Anth

Sault Ste. Marie

Halifax

Montréal OTTAWA

Toronto kton Roddic rey Islands G A rs e d U NITE RIC aun Port S D S TAT E S O F A M E ay B e it ay e B Fogo Island erte Baie V am D t re No

orne Gros M 808m

e Deer Lak Brook

aerospace vehicle manufacture chemicals fish processing food processing hi-tech industry hydro-electric power mining timber processing

SE

Qu é b e c

le Belle Is

Is

R

A

A TL

N

TI

8

9

capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

C

The transport network

10

84,522 miles (136,325 km)

h

Str ur ton Harbo Harring

le

a

7

W

in a

ère La Tabati

osti Île d’Antic

Port-Menier Hong ued

AD

A

y Red Ba Forteau

t-Paul Rivière-S n ti us ug St-A

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it

on

an

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ashquan Nat

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m The tides at the Bay of Fundy are among the highest in the world. At low tide the treetopped rocks have been likened to flowerpots.

LAND D N U NEWFO AD OR R & LAB

est River North W lls se Bay Churchill Fa oo G ylle Happy Va Ch urc hil l

a i n s t n Réser voir o u Manicouagan M a n M

o

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d

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ai

Mont Wright 899m

k

Makkovik

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Labrador City

ir i

A

A

Lake Joseph

a

Lake Melvi

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Shabogamo Lake

E

Smallwood

r

Kan a

Schefferville Petitsikapau Lake

S

L

nds Lac aux Goéla ikamagen Lake

b

Hopedale

6

Both Québec and Ontario have a diversified manufacturing sector located in the south. Across the rest of the region, industry is largely based around local resources, which accounts for the large number of fish and timber processing plants and mines. Many of the fast-flowing rivers are also gradually being harnessed for hydro-electric power.

e

e

a

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in

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Kogaluk

Lac Champdoré

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Transport and industry

ai

le

R

à

atsivik South Aul Island Nain

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e

re

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m At the Bay of Fundy, incoming waves are funnelled down the long, narrow, steep-sided bay. These topographical features cause fast-flowing tides which can rise 70 ft (21 m).

O

or g

Ri v i è

la

4

The bay is 94 miles (151 km) long

Tidal waters are channelled down the bay

 The forested Laurentides Park incorporates part of the Laurentian Mountains. Within its boundaries are over 1600 lakes.

R

n ai nt ou

Kuujjuaq

Lac le Moy ne

Bay of Fundy

B

M aq

jju Kangiqsualu

Saglek Bay

3

Steep cliffs bound the bay

t

a

B

a v a

Lake Superior is the world’s largest expanse of fresh water, covering 32,150 sq miles (83,270 sq km). It is crossed by the Canada–USA border.

To

y

Port Burwell

1858 miles (2998 km) 20,602 miles (33,159 km)

ista Gander nder Bonav Ga ay

vista Bona

B

L ak e s Grand nd Fall s Gra Buchan ke a L n ia Red Ind

376 miles (606 km)

nville Clare

ndland u o f w e N

11

P

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M

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it

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16

A

N

T

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15

Q

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Sault Ste.Marie

capital cities major towns

 Prince Edward Island is the only Atlantic province with notable agricultural land. The island is Canada’s leading producer of potatoes.

OTTAWA Toronto

pasture cropland forest tundra

S

T

U

UN

V

W

ITED

E S TAT E S O F A M

X

Nova Scot ia

Montréal

Halifax

RIC

E

A

A

O

C

C

L

N

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E

S

64

O

14

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13

N

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Using the land and sea

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o P as Baie-Trinité The majority of Canada’s large sa ville ande-Vallée ge Stephen onear Mont-Louis Gr m Fish processing is a major Godbout Carb ports lie in the east. Since the s ont eau eorge n’s e Baie-Com .G k h a St Ste-Anne-des-M o L e ille g .J ap e industry in the Atlantic provinces. C St Murdochv 1960s the region’s rail network Hauterive Meelpa hn’s at Gaspé -Ch Jo s Cap t. S ' tes iami r Fogo Island, off Newfoundland, Bets e has been steadily reduced; ues-Cartie Matane Mont Jacq rg Percé o 1268m Forestville e has barely a thousand inhabitants Newfoundland recently lost tia aspé G cher Percé Mont-Joli Burgeo Placen St . n ai e s u l e d e G GrandeRo-Rivière nt but it is able to sustain a number its last remaining line, the ou n Table M Amqui Avalon la r Breto m é n i nw-Richmond Chandler u n o w rb 7m a to ay Long-Cross Island line. of cod canneries. 58 s H a P Ne Cape R Peninsu ape Race Mar y s de la nel-Port Rimouski Île an C y h C e C D Dalhousi ques d Ba eleine n as ad B ra M x r G ab au Campbellton aleu Caraquet TroisBank P e ot Ch Pistoles r Shippagan S t rai Cabano t Kedgwick RRE & Tracadie Cape t Bathurst o Edmundston ST PIE LON North With thin soils restricting farming to the south, the Neguac IN C E UE PR Q leton N I Car nt ch M Mou ea B ce) St.Léonard 820m Ingonish land o Fran Chatham Tignish ED WA R D mp Is (t ca n ti to hé le forests which grow in vast unbroken tracts across re C ast wc Cape B ines Grand Falls Ne IS LA N D ard Island Plaster Rock Sydney M Bay w Richibucto Ed e eastern Canada provide an important source of revenue. nc ri P Glace Souris s The urban/rural population divide Invernes e Sydney Kensington Doaktown Summersid Coastal communities rely heavily on the rich fishing n w Charlotteto Shediac No r urban 84% rural 16% thu grounds of the Atlantic Ocean, although foreign Hartland m y rview St ra b e r l a n d kesbur Moncton Rive it Port Haw Minto Woodstock S Glasgow herst t . Jo h n competition and overfishing have resulted in strict ew Am N ay B le o vil Sack bu ct h Antigonis C he da Fredericton Oromocto ssex 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 so policies to conserve stocks. an Su C ill gh Sprin Truro LA s in Hampton McAdam Population density Total land area as Ba BR n i n M Saint Joh A St.Stephen ur bo D Kentville ar H t 21 people per sq mile 1,076,227 sq miles O x Shee lifa Ha or ds R Win (8 people per sq km) (2,787,431 sq km) Grand Manan d y SE th n on ou Middlet Island Dartm u A F ifax al Hudson Bay d H n la a Is e bl g Sa Digby ur nb Lune Land use and New fou nd land Bridgewater Lake agricultural distribution & L abr ador Rossignol Liverpool Québec cattle St.John's Shelburne Ontar io Yarmouth cereals New fishing Thunder Bay Pr i nce Cape Sable Br u nsw ick fruit E dward timber Québec Island

A

A

Y

A TL

N

T

IC

17

Z

13

NORTH AMERICA A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

Southeastern Canada The southern parts of Québec and Ontario form the economic heart of Canada. The two provinces are divided by their language and culture; in Québec, French is the main language, whereas English is spoken in Ontario. Separatist sentiment in Québec has led to a provincial referendum on the question of a sovereignty association with Canada. The region contains Canada’s capital, Ottawa, and its two largest cities: Toronto, the centre of commerce, and Montréal, the cultural and administrative heart of French Canada.

The cities of southern Québec and Ontario, and their hinterlands, form the heart of Canadian manufacturing industry. Toronto is Canada’s leading financial centre, and Ontario’s motor and aerospace industries have developed around the city. A major centre for nickel mining lies to the north of Toronto. Most of Québec’s industry is located in Montréal, the oldest port in North America. Chemicals, paper manufacture and the construction of transport equipment are leading industrial activities.

m The port at Montréal is situated on the St. Lawrence Seaway. A network of 16 locks allows sea-going vessels access to routes once plied by fur-trappers and early settlers.

Gaspé Sault Ste.Marie

Major industry and infrastructure

 Niagara Falls lies on the border between Canada and the USA. It comprises a system of two falls: American Falls, in New York, is separated from Horseshoe Falls, in Ontario, by Goat Island. Horseshoe Falls, seen here, plunges 184 ft (56 m) and is 2500 ft (762 m) wide.

4

car manufacture chemicals engineering finance food processing hi-tech industry mining iron & steel

5

is s

K apuskasing

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Fire River Oba Lake

Québ e c

North Bay

textiles paper industry timber processing capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

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The transport network

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F S O

WabatongushPeterbell e i Elsas Lake Porcupine a Mi ssanabie Missina Dog skw ibi Timmins Kabenung Puka Lake Lake u Ramore Lake Night Hawk Manitowik La Foleyet Hawk Junctio ke Lake n Ken oga mis si Whitefish Michipicoten Lake Windermere River Ho Rouyn-Noranda Racine Lake rwood Wawa Lake Kirkland Lake Lake Lac Cadillac La Lac Lac Langlade Lac Tessier Michipicote Nemegosenda ke Virginiatown Beauchastel n de Montigny Tiblemont Anjigami Island Lake Kenogami Lake Larder K Monet Malart ic ino Lake Lac Guéguen Paradis Lake Oskélanéo Lac Chapleau Kek Mattagami Lac I v an Lac Opasatica Tarzwell Fournière Matachewan Val-d'Or Lac Capitachouane Rush Lake Borden Lake Louvicou rt Matchi-Manitou Lake Lac Rapid e-Deu x Lac Lac Barrière Rollet Lac Villebon Rice Lake Englehart Kormak Lac Péronne awaRéservoir Sabourin Lac Opeepeesway Lac Yser ane Lac des M on t real Gogama Elk Lake i Lac Rém u igny Lac Gow Decel Granet gan les da F o r t Dix Milles ne a ho Lac Minisinakwa Sultan Lake Earlton a Échouani c Agawa w Lac a des t t Mesomikenda Simard Lake O Wenebegon Camachigama Quinze Shining Tree Gowganda Bay Frater Wakami Lake New Liskeard Lake Winneway Lake na Lake Lac des Montreal Makobe awa Bis We cot h stre asi e c Angl iers t Augustines River Lac Grand-Lac-Victoria Lake Lake Haileybury Ba Lac Lake Réservoir Belleterre Bay Biscotasing Wan Mitchinamécus Lady Evelyn Grand Cabonga Latchford Cobalt Timiskaming Lac McLennan Ramsey Lake lac Victoria Lake Ville Batchawana Lac Lac Anima Nipissing -Marie Lac à la Truite Bay Réservoir Obabika Lenôtre Lac Lecointre Lake Lac Dozois Ranger Lake Lac Lake Douaire Lake Temagami Saseginaga Lac p Ogascanane Wa Goulais Rive Wabos Ranger Lake Temagami Notawassi Rocky Island r Lac Lac aux i s Lac Lake s Chi nigu chi de l’ Écorce Lac Onaping Rabbit Lac des Foins wa n Byrd Lake Lac rde Dumoine Lake Lac Kondiaronk Lake Polonais Lac Sault Ste.Mar Kirkpatrick La Ga Echo Kikwissi Lac Brûlé ke ie Capreol Lake Kipawa Lac Piscatosine Wakomata Cartier Lac Marten River Lac Delahey Ste-Anne-du-Lac Wicksteed Lake Wanapitei Lake te RiverQuirke Dix Milles Lac Rock Lake W hi Réservoir Mont Réservoir Lake Thorne Témiscaming Lac Bleu Chavannes tl e Lake Stu River Vall Chelmsford Kiamika Lit Lac Desbarats ey Baskatong Sir-Wilfrid Garson Tilden Lake Lac 783m Elliot Lake eo Beauchêne Lac du Fils Ag Nilgaut Sud new Tom bur iko n Lak y e Grand-Remous Hagar tinenda Lake Iron BridgMa Lac Désert Hilton Beach Lake Lac e Lac Ste-Véronique Balsam Creek Verner Mont-Laurier Thessalon Estaire Stur Maganasipi Bryson St. Joseph's Spanish geon Falls Lac North Bay Lake Maniwaki Panache West Arm an Espanola Island Nominingue Blind River d Masse Talon Mattawa Lac Lac Lake Nor Lake Nipissing Lac Great La Cloche y L’Annonciation a th Ch w a t t Ma St-Patrice Duval Whitefish Falls Pythonga Notre-Dameannel Callander Alban Monetville Deux Island es Meldrum Bay Rolphton Lake NosbonsinRivier Bigwood de-Pontmain Wolseley Bay Little Current g Stonecliffe Powassan Lac Cockburn Rest R oule i v h e r c Gore Bay a Pickere Gracefield Killarney Fren des Sables Lake Schy Island l Cedar Lake DeepPRiver Manitou Lac Lost Channel Lac du Loring Lac Dumont eta Lake Burntroot McGillivray Squaw Island Chevreuil w Evansville West Bay Kazabazua a Danford Lake Lake wa Lac Kawigamog Lake Petawawa Lake Wikwemikong Britt South River FortRéservoir ua z Great Duck M Simon a agnetaw Sundridge Providence Bay Manitowaning Lavieille b Barr on Île des Coulonge Big l’ Escalier an Bo Bernard Island Lac Allumettes Opeongo nne Pembroke Trout Ard St-André-Avellin beg Lake c here South Baymouth Heney Île du Lake Lonely Island Dunchurch Burk’s Falls Lake Bonnechere Montebello Fitzwilliam Island Cobden Grand Calumet Round Lake Ahmic Canoe Aylen Shawanaga Thurso Rock Shawville Lake Eganville Barry’s Lake Lake Bear Lake Buckingham a l e n Lake n aw ha Bay Golden Lake Renfrew Manitouwabing Novar Gatineau Whitney Bark Rockland Ott Main CCove Isla ue Parry Lake Huntsville nd ng Hull Tobermory Arnprior Sound Lake Vernon Aylmer Hay Lake 16 M Cabot Head Cape Hurd Calabogie ad Parry Rosseau Casselman Nepean Lake aw Lake of Bays Lake Latchford Bridge Ottawa Bruce White Lake Island k aska r Mayno o Joseph Dorse oth t Lake Almonte tor s Pen a insula M Baptiste Centennial Lion's Head Norcan Rosseau Baysville Carnarvon Richmond C Monkland oon Carleton Lake Winchester Cape Croker Lake de Bala Place Mississippi Lake y Lake Bracebridge Upper Haliburton Cl Griffith Bancroft eau Lake Weslemkoon Canada Muskoka S Mar Minden eve at Village Island dChristian Lake Crotch rn Gravenhurst Island Perth Smiths Falls uth N Ormsby i pp i s Wiarton un s i s s e i o l Lake M nda Population Penetanguishene Morrisburg Norland Iro nS Cloyne Chand Cape Rich Washago Big Gull Lake Jasper Cardinal Sauble Beach Boat we ce K a Catchacoma Lake os Coldwater Midland 1 million to 5 million Lake Lingham Big Rideau Lake Dalr ympl Not Mea ren w e taw ford asaga Elmvale a s Alvanley Sharbot Lake Lake Prescott Lake aw Balsam Laker t h a L a k e 500,000 to 1 million Orillia Owen Sound Bay L Bobs Lake . Kasshabog Wasaga Beach Crosby Forthton Port Elgin Fenelon Falls Kaladar No au Collingwood Lake 100,000 to 500,000 Brockville b Bobcaygeon Lake Madoc Stony Tweed Beaverton Verona Markdale Stayner Charleston Lake Simc oe Bridgenorth Lake Havelock Marmora 50,000 to 100,000 Tiverton Chesley Angus Lansdowne Barrie Kincardine Lindsay Gananoque Campbellford Durham Peffe 10,000 to 50,000 rlaw Dun dalk Han over Cookstown Peterborough Trent Sau Kesw Point ick Lake geen Foxboro Alliston Clark Tee Uxbridge below 10,000 Scugog Millbrook Frankford Kingston Mildmay Shelburne Napanee swater Bradford Newmarket Lucknow Mount Forest Belleville Rice Port Perry Wolfe Island Port Albert Aurora Ma Trenton Amherst Lake itla Elevation Luther Orangeville Wingham Brighton Picton Richmond Hill Newcastle nd Island Lak Bolt e on Cobou Palmerston rg Wellingt Goderich Whitby Long Point Port Hope on Arthur Caledon Markham Oshawa th Listowel Pickering Salmon Point Fergus Lester B. Pearson 500m / 1640ft M Point Petre Clinton d Scarborough 16 Brampton Seaforthi t l a n d Elmira Ba 250m / 820ft Waterloo Gue lph Hensall yfield Mitchell Mississauga Kitchener Milton New Hamburg 100m / 328ft Grand Bend Oakville Cambridge Exeter Stra tford t h St.Marys Kettle Point sea level Dundas Burlington Lucan Parkhill Brantford Hamilton Forest Wo odstock Hamilton Ausab St.Catharines Sarnia London Caledonia Grim Ingersoll W sby Thorold Grand e l l a Niagara Strathroy Nor Corunna PetroliaWatford wich Dorchester Falls Niagara Falls nd Mount Brydges Hagersville CayugaWelland ham Till m son n bur e g Jarv is d Fort Erie Sy St.Thomas Glencoe Dunnville Simcoe Port Colborne  Montréal, on the banks of the Syd Nanticoke Welland Dutton Aylmer Rutherford St. Lawrence River, is Québec’s leading Canal Port Wallaceburg Dresden Por Stan t Bur ley s Lon wel l e g Poi We metropolitan centre and one of nt Bay m Thamesville st Lorne Lake St.Clair Canada’s two largest cities – Toronto Windsor Long P Ridgetown oint Stoney PointChatham is the other. Montréal clearly reflects Blenheim La Salle French culture and traditions. Staples Tilbury Amherstburg Essex Pointe aux Pins Wheatley Kingsville Leamington A H I J K L M Pigeon Point Pelee Bay

Map key 13

ST

E AT

The opening of the St. Lawrence Seaway in 1959 finally allowed ocean-going ships (up to 24,000 tons (tonnes)) access to the interior of Canada, creating a vital trading route.

Manitoulin Island

12

New Brunswick

Québec

Lake Huron

I UN

Esnagi AmyotLake Lake Negwaz u Dubreuilville

M

Transport and industry

Southern Ontario, Southern Québec

3

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N O RT H A M E R ICA : SOU T H E AST E R N CANADA S

Using the land and sea

T

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m Pumpkins are just one of the crops grown in the Niagara ‘fruit belt’. The mild climate, moderated by the lakes, allows the cultivation of a wide range of fruit and vegetables, including cherries, apples, peaches, grapes and asparagus. Fruit and vegetable growing is confined to southern Canada, due to the colder climate and short growing season of the northern regions.

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64 people per sq mile (25 people per sq km)

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mon Sch s Rivière aux Rocher

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capital cities major towns

cattle fish cereals fruit maple syrup timber tobacco

New Brunswick

Québec

X

Land use and agricultural distribution

Gaspé

The productive Niagara ‘fruit belt’ on the shores of Lake Erie and Lake Ontario is a major farming region, although available farmland is being challenged by urban expansion. Québec is Canada’s leading producer of maple syrup and dairy products. In the north, farmland gives way to extensive areas of forest, partly used for commercial logging. Fishing occurs in Atlantic waters and in the Great Lakes.

urban 87%

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Honguedo Pas e Cap de la sa ge c Baie-Trinité Madeleine n Godbout Mont-Louis Grande-Vallée e on Franquelin ix St-Yv Pointe à la Cro r Petit-Cap Marsoui D a rt m Lac Labrieville h ou Baie-Comeau onts Portneuf w Cap-Chat Ste-Anne-des-M deleine Lac a Hauterive M Murdochville a Chute-auxVola t Itomamo Péninsule de Mont e e n Outardes Jacques-Cartier Lac Manicouagan L é Yo Gaspé es . S s 8m Cap de Gasp och c rk 126 o s-R hiway sse rette h Onatc au Notre-Dame-de-Lo t Gro mites ic-C Mi lt h Betsiamites C L sta ss s S a uxt Barachois ini Matane As Pointe Verte G ra nde R Mon oc hu Colombier Percé ne iv i ho Lac Poulin apm St-René-de-Mata é ère n us h P Dolbeau-Mistassini h s e es Rocher Perc o S de Courval rtneuf Baie-des-Sabl Lac M a t a n ua Forestville ir Péribonka p n St Notre-Dame-du-Rosaire Cap d’ Espo Matapédia de-Rivière an e-M Ri Gr c oli abe Say Mont-J v ar Lac Delisle ntegu Chandler Amqui Baie-des- Pointe au PoiPère e Trenche St-Ambroise Lac auSt-Félicien n Boisvert Baco Ma s Causapscal Alma Escoum -N Steouski Ste-Blandine gers t Rim n St-Jean Ma or A d d LacRoberval Île du Bic Jonquière New-RichmonPort-Daniel Pointe de l’ Ouest ChicoutimiSa rguerite m gue n Chambord inac Nouvelle Lac Humqui ay Les Escoumins St-Fabien e vill ur ier tville Hérber Supérie Routh Carleton es La Baie Paspébiac Pata Lac eronnes Lac-Bouchette Tr Bonaventure Laterrière pé L’Anse-St-Jean Grandes-Berg en Restigouche y Kénogami St - J ean Ba Réservoir ité-des-Monts Ch Trin r La c C u e ussa les e isto Tado hal Trois-P Boilleau h Gouin uc o Lac des rd g Saga i Rist Lac Ha! Ha! Commissaires e Baie-des-Rochers M St-Arsène ban u Parent R Mont-Apica Van Bruyssel St-Siméon St-Hubert Lac Rivière-du-Loup Rapide-Blanc s Témiscouata e Sanmaur Lac nai Casey n Notre-Damet Clermon Windigo St-Alexandre Niverville ano e Cab du-Lac La Malbaie Lac-Édouard Flaman Dégelis Lac Croche La St-Hilarion on Lac Pohénégamook Réservoir St-Pascal il l Manouane Blanc erm Rivière-Bleue Île aux 12 La Tuque Baie-St-Paul Coudres St-Pacôme Lac ière- La Pocatière e-Riv Petit Kempt is anço St-Fr Lac L’Islet St-Jean- de l’ Est Île aux Port-Joli Ste-Perpétue-de-l'Islet Beaupré Oies Lac Île d’Montmagny Mékinac Lac St-Pamphile Rivière-à-Pierre e Orléans Devenyns ug  In contrast to the boreal forest Lac-St-Charles esbourg M at Charl awin St-Raymond which spans northern Canada, the St-Raphaël Ste-Apolline e n Lac Ste-Thècle Lévis Réservoir Gaspé Peninsula (Péninsule de An Cap-Rouge Antique Charny Taureau St-Tite St-Casimir Gaspé) is covered with a band of E tche St-Michel-des-Saints mi Daaquam Donnacona St-Ignace-du-Lac Grand-Mère n mixed coniferous-deciduous e Ste-Claire Shawinigan r e n c Ste-CroixSt-AgapitCh woodland, including sugar and red Riv a arie ShawiniganSte-M i è St-AlexisL’ Ass re d maple, cedar and eastern hemlock. S om u Chêne . des-Monts Sud p S tMansea u St-Joseph-de-Beauce Trois-Rivières Cap-de-la-Madeleine our Palme St-Donat c Labelle Louiseville St-Prosper can East-Broughton Mont Daveluyville Bé Lac Tremblant St-Georges St-Félix-de-Valois Plessisville 968m St-Pierre Nicolet Thetford-Mines St-Jovite St-Léonard Pierreville rea Victoriaville Ste-AgatheSorel St-Fra eloupe Lac La Guad nço Disraeli des-Monts The heart of southeastern Canada is the lowland area Tracy i ck o Warwi e s St-François let Joliette Ste-Adèle St-Gédéon Lavaltrie Drummondville Lafontaine Laurentides surrounding the St. Lawrence River, the principal outlet for L'Assomption Asbestos St-Jérôme St-GermainLac Aylmer Pine Hill Weedon de-Grantham the Great Lakes. The lowlands are bordered to the east by Mascouche Repentigny e Centr Varennes C Lachute Mirabel Terrebonne Richmond St-Hyacinthe Lac-Mégantic an extension of the Appalachian mountain chain and to the Acton-Vale èr or Winds ilaire Mont-St-H Mont e Hawkesbury Laval East Angus S vière Noire Mégantic Vankleek Hill Ri north by the Canadian Shield. The Champlain Sea, which 1105m Sud urn RoxtonWob Dorval t Sherbrooke Verdun m The wooded Gaspé Granby Valcour Ri gau d mo flooded the area during the last glacial period, deposited n Waterloo Vaudreuil Châteauguay Rock Forest ton St-Luc Peninsula (Péninsule de Gaspé) le n iervil Eastma Chart Mercier Alexandria includes the Notre Dame and clay over much of the area. St-Jean Cowansville Magog Salaberry-deLancaster s Valleyfield Napierville Shickshock Mountains (Monts Dunham Coaticook nt n Raisin o Lac M tto Lac Mont Chic-Chocs). These are a Ormstown In 1971, large quantities of Cornwall Memphrémagog Hereford 841m in Su Champla Dundee northerly outcrop of the marine clay liquefied and iè

F

u

Ea

O

S S T A T E

I T E D

The Laurentide Scarp, along the north shore of the St. Lawrence River, is a 2000 ft (610 m) escarpment, marking the rim of the Canadian Shield.

13

Appalachian mountain chain.

flowed into the Saguenay River, killing 30 people. Large landslides often occur on waterlogged slopes.

The flat plains of the St. Lawrence Valley were formed when the area was inundated by the Champlain Sea during the last glacial period.

14

Scale 1:3,000,000 Km

0 5 10

20

30

40 50

60

70

15 0

5

Miles

10

30

20

40

50

60

70

River bank or bluff

projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

Earthflow Sand

Lake Superior

Clay

River

Lake Huron

 Point Pelee is a worldfamous site for bird migration. Over 250 species of bird have been sighted on the sandspit which forms the southern tip of the Canadian mainland. N

O

P

Q

Lake Erie

R

S

Lake Ontario

T

The Great Lakes moderate the climate of the area surrounding the St. Lawrence River. Their water, which cools more slowly than the land, acts as a reservoir for warmth, extending the growing season into the early autumn.

U

V

Mount Royal, around which the city of Montréal has developed, is the result of an igneous intrusion which occurred between 135 and 65 million years ago.

W

X

16

m In the lowlands around the St. Lawrence, earthflows have developed along gentle river banks where sand overlies clay, making the surface layers very unstable. When the slope’s natural equilibrium is disturbed, an earthflow can occur. Y

17

Z

15

NORTH AMERICA A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

The United States of America

1

C O T E R M I N O U S U S A ( F O R A L A S K A A N D H AWA II S E E PA G E S 3 8 - 3 9 ) The USA’s progression from frontier territory to economic and political superpower has taken less than 200 years. The 48 coterminous states, along with the outlying states of Alaska and Hawaii, are part of a federal union, held together by the guiding principles of the US Constitution, which enshrines the ideals of democracy and liberty for all. Abundant fertile land and a rich resource-base fuelled and sustained the USA’s economic development. With the spread of agriculture and the growth of trade and industry came the need for a larger workforce, which was supplied by millions of immigrants, many seeking an escape from poverty and political or religious persecution. Immigration continues today, particularly from Central America and Asia.

3

m Washington DC was established as the site for the nation’s capital in 1790. It is home to the seat of national government, on Capitol Hill, as well as the President’s official residence, the White House.  The clear waters of Niagara Falls cascade 190 ft (58 m) into the gorge below. It is one of America’s most famous spectacles and a leading tourist attraction. The falls are slowly receding and the gorge may one day stretch from Lake Ontario to Lake Erie.

Scale 1:11,450,000

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400

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Buffalo

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16

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Houston

LA

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25,467 miles (41,009 km)

aerospace car manufacture chemicals coal electronics engineering food processing hi-tech industry oil & gas

Transport in the USA is dominated by the car which, with the extensive Interstate Highway system, allows great personal mobility. Today, internal air flights between major cities provide the most rapid cross-country travel.

San Antonio Victoria

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Galveston Freeport

Port Lavaca

Aransas Pass

Corpus Christi

Kingsville

Laredo

capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

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research & development textiles tourism

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17

Birmingham

148,308 miles (235,238 km)

Fredericksburg

Nacogdoches

Pa d

Raleigh

Nashville Atlanta

Phoenix

52,388 miles (84,361 km)

l at e

Killeen

S

Temple

N

Greensboro

Saint Louis Los Angeles

3,875,040 miles (6,240,000 km)

sP

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Cincinnati

Kansas City

The transport network

Brady

rd

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Cleveland

Denver

New York Philadelphia WASHINGTON DC

Pittsburgh

wa

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Chicago

Fort Stockton

AB

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er

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Milwaukee

San Diego

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Minneapolis

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industry has declined and the USA’s economy is driven by service and financial industries, with the most important being defence, hi-tech and electronics.

14

G

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McAllen Harlin gen Brownsville

Tampa Miami

F

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N O R T H A M E R I C A : U N I T E D S TAT E S O F A M E R I C A N

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The landscape

S

T

Mount Rainier

U

V

W

Great Plains

X

Y

The Great Lakes

The high, rugged mountain ranges of the west are about 80 million years old, geologically young compared to the old, eroded, Appalachian mountain chain, which dates from when North America and Europe were joined together as part of the supercontinent Pangaea, 400 million years ago. In contrast, the Great Plains and Mississippi Basin have a low relief and fertile soils.

2

Barrier beaches, bars and spits are typical of the Atlantic coast. These sand formations around Cape Hatteras stretch along the coast for 200 miles (320 km).

Death Valley, California, 282 ft (86 m) below sea level, is the lowest point in the western hemisphere, and one of the hottest places on Earth. Temperatures of 135° F (57° C) have been recorded here. Monument Valley’s striking sandstone spires and pillars (buttes) have been formed by the action of wind, water, heat and cold.

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5

m The massive drainage basin of the Mississippi covers 1,250,000 sq miles (3,200,000 sq km). It includes all areas drained by the Mississippi and its chief tributaries, the Missouri and Ohio rivers, and drains the entire region from the Appalachians to the Rockies.

6

Map key Elevation

Population

7

above 5 million 1 million to 5 million

4000m / 13,124ft

500,000 to 1 million

3000m / 9843ft

100,000 to 500,000

2000m / 6562ft

50,000 to 100,000

1000m / 3281ft

10,000 to 50,000

8

500m / 1640ft

below 10,000

n

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ue PresqIsle lton Hou

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Mississippi River Mississippi Delta

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Virginia ah u

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Ohio River

t a i n s

International Falls

The Everglades are a vast area of saw-grass swamp covering 4000 sq miles (10,300 sq km) of southern Florida. Missouri River

A

Saganaga Lake

3

The Great Smoky Mountains, part of the ancient Appalachian mountain chain, formed a natural barrier to early settlers attempting to penetrate the country’s interior.

Most of the USA is drained by the great Mississippi River system. At its mouth, where levées are breached, floodwaters are carried to the swamps through a series of channels. This region is known as the bayou.

The deep gullies of South Dakota’s badlands are created by periodic, torrential rainfall, which erodes the soft soils and rocks. Their form has been greatly affected by changes in land use.

 Devils Tower, in Wyoming is a 1280 ft (390 m) intrusion of basalt rock, which cooled to form octagonal pillars.In 1906 it became the first US National Monument.

C

Namakan Lake

1

Niagara Falls

250m / 820ft

n

L

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ee Kissimm rt Pierce Largo Fo Tampa Lake rg bu rs te Saint Pe bee o ch ta ee lm Beach so k O Sara West Pa B Miami

Miami

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s P

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A

Boston

Minneapolis Milwaukee

Detroit

New York Philadelphia Cleveland Pittsburgh Cincinnati WASHINGTON DC

Chicago

San Francisco

Buffalo

Denver Kansas City Saint Louis

Greensboro

Los Angeles San Diego

Nashville Atlanta

Phoenix

Birmingham

Dallas

EX

Jacksonville

AT

M

IC

New Orleans

Houston

O

Tampa

14

Orlando

Gulf of Mexico

Land use and agricultural distribution cattle pigs poultry citrus fruits cotton fishing fruit corn (maize) peanuts shellfish soya beans timber tobacco wheat

Raleigh

Miami

capital cities major towns pasture cropland forest wetland desert mountain region

The urban/rural population divide urban 76%

0

10

20

30

40

15

rural 24%

50

60

70

80

Population density

Total land area

98 people per sq mile (38 people per sq km)

2,959,045 sq miles (7,663,631 sq km)

90

100

16

 Farming on the Great Plains and in the Midwest is characterized by large-scale, mechanized wheat farms.

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 Fakahatchee Strand is part of the extensive sub-tropical swamps in the Florida Everglades. The swamps support a wide variety of animal life, including many rare birds, fish, alligators and crocodiles. O

F I C C I P A

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Over half of the USA’s land area is utilized for agriculture, typified by the large cereal farms and cattle ranches of the Great Plains and Midwest prairie regions. Although wheat and corn are still primary crops, a diverse range of fruits and vegetables are grown in the fertile areas, particularly near the east and west coasts. Despite the abundance of cultivable land, inadequate soil management has resulted in a third of the topsoil being lost through wind and water erosion.

LA

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NORTH AMERICA G

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USA: NORTHEASTERN STATES

Map key Population above 5 million 1 million to 5 million

C o n n e c t i c u t , M a i n e , M a s s a c h u s e t t s , N e w H a m p s h i r e , N e w J e r s e y, N e w Yo r k , P e n n s y l v a n i a , R h o d e I s l a n d , V e r m o n t

100,000 to 500,000

The indented coast and vast woodlands of the northeastern states were the original core area for European expansion. The rustic character of New England prevails after 400 years, while the great cities of the Atlantic seaboard have formed an almost continuous urban region. Over 20 million immigrants entered New York from 1855 to 1924 and the northeast became the industrial centre of the USA. After the decline of mining and heavy manufacturing, economic dynamism has been restored with the growth of hi-tech and service industries.

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Wallingford Lake George Sodus Camden Hilton Ludlow Fulton Point Springfield Glens Falls Hinckley Greece Reservoir Oneida Webs Lake ter Albion Niagara Falls Lockport Erie Rome Rochester Spencerport Baldwinsville Northville East Rochester Niagara Falls Manchester Canal Whitesboro Stratton Tonawanda Batavia Saratoga North Syracuse Canastota Fairport Oneida Little Great Sacandaga Lyons Mountain Schuylerville Springs Amherst Lake Falls Utica 1200m Palmy ra Kenmore Syrac use Fairmou Ilion nt Depew Newar Wampsville k Le Roy Putney Gloversville Manlius Auburn Mount Fonda Amsterdam Cana Buffalo ndaig Richfield ua Lancaster Attic Waterville M Snow a Gene Avon Waterloo East Mechanicville H Lackawanna Springs Cana seo ndaig 1084m ua h r Genev a East Aurora Orchard Park a w k R i v e Glenville Schenectady Warsaw Lake Bennington Mount Morris Rotterdam Lake Erie Beach Cohoes er Hamburg Perr y Penn Yan Williamstown Latham Troy Cobleskill Silver Creek C Cayuga Homer North Turners Schoharie at Dansville Keuka Cooperstown Dunkirk Albany Adams ar Delmar Lake Falls Cortland Arcade au g u s Cre ek Lake Mount Greylock ek Seneca Rensselaer Spri ngv ille 1063m Greenfield Fredonia Lake Gow Norwich anda Ravena Westfield Oneonta Pittsfield G Ca r North Amherst t sk Ithaca ive Mayville North Eas Oxford Bath il l aR Amherst Littl R Watkin e Vall n Presque Isle t s Glen ey n Chautauqua Hornell Cr a go Alfred ee u eh an Delhi q Lake a n i s k Erie n v Salamanca e Sidney er i s te u Black Dome y Belmont Horseh eads o Holyoke Corning 1213m Jamestown R Walton n Great Catskill Wellsville Lakewood Johnson City Cannonsville e Hunter Mountain Allegheny Olean Elmira Barrington Chicopee Che Endicott u Reservoir 1232m Saugerties mun Mount gR Elkland Reservoir a Waverly Binghamton Pepacton Ashokan Frissell 725mSpringfield iv e Albion Downsville e Bradford Union City Warren r Ri v e r Reservoir Reservoir Cobb Hill s qu e Canaan Windsor Locks e Sayre n Slide Mountain a Tioga 782m Hancock ow 1274m Kingston Winsted Amenia Coudersport C Montrose Windsor Mansfield D e l a w n eg Meadville Wellsboro Torrington Hartford Liberty a Towanda h Hyde Park Elk Hill Mount Jewett e n y R i v e Kane Pymatuning New Paltz Galeton West Hartford East Blossburg Titusville Wyalusing 821m Reservoir Wilcox us Bristol Red Oaks Mill Ellenville eek Hartford qu Cr Monticello kCanton Tionesta Cr e New Britain Factoryvi a lle Emp Lake h Wappingers Falls oriu Carbondal Walden t e m ee an Marienville Johnsonburg k Oil City Ti o n e s Meriden na Wilhelm Lake re e Orange Lake Waterbury C k Ri v e Clarks Summit Ralston Franklin Candlewood Cre Dushore ttle er Ridgway Ke ive r Middletown Newburgh o ck Beacon Sharon Dunmore r i on R al s Mercer Goshen Cla Renovo Carmel Laporte Taylor oy Kno Port Jervis Hamden L h x North Farrell Scranton ek oni Clarion Brockway Danbury Shelton Haven Swoyersville High Point eh Jersey Williamsport Peekskill Grove City Weedville n g s qu Brookville New Haven p 550m Monroe Milford Shore u East Du Bois Slipper y Rock Ridgefield Haven West Warwick Haven Nanticoke Muncy B ea Karthaus ve r Milford Sussex New City Mount Kisco Wilkes BarreDingmans Ferry a New Castle ve r Lock Have k C Rey noldsville Clearfiel Montgomery n Br Bridgeport Lake Ossining Ringwood d Re d b an ek st e e Berwick Norwalk r Spring Valley Newton Milton Pun Arthur xsutawney Curwensville W S o un d C Grassflat i East Stroudsburg Ellwood City Bu Stamford IslandMattituck Wanaque g le Lewisburg tler v e r Bloomsburg Freeland Ea g a Beaver Falls l n Miffli Wayne Plains Mahoning White nburg o Stroudsburg e Yonkers ld Sound Beach Danville L D Hopatcong Bellefonte Ba New Rochelle New Brighton Paterson Sunbury KittanningCreek Lake Jim Thorpe Bangor State College Hackensack Smithtown Selinsgrove Beaver Dover er Shamo Lehighton kin Clifton Dixonville Morristown Tyrone Natrona Heights Aliquippa Am n Belvidere Bernardsville bridge Brentwood Mastic La Guardia New Kensington Indiana Pottsville a i Easton Phillipsburg Coraopolis Etna t Jersey City Penn Levittown Newark n u Pittsburgh Hills Somerville Ebensburg Mifflintown Fire Island o Allentow John F Kennedy Plainfield Bethlehem Altoona Huntingdon ve Blairsville Monroeville n a Ri r Millersburg Lykens Mount Lebanon Flemington Edison Staten Island Long Beach e M New i at Portage Holl iday n u sbur Mc Emmaus g kee u spo Fleetwoo Bethel Park rt d Bloomfield J New Brunswick Sayreville Sandy Hook Latrobe Johnstown B l Laureldale Quakertown n Hazlet Linglestown Lebanon Kendall Park Mount Union Monongahela Clairton Greensburg Westmont Princeton Reading Doylestown Harrisburg Middletown Raystown Washington Monessen Mount Palmyra Lambertville Pleasant Hershey Shillington Lake Windber Long Branch Pottstown Freehold New Cumberland Lansdale California Trenton Middletown Ephrata Asbury Park Scottdale Spring City Warminster Carlisle Lititz Elizabethtown io Neptune Norristown New Holland Shippensburg iv g h e Phoenixville Everett Levittown Lakewood er n Waynesburg Columbia Lancaster Bedford Point Pleasant Abington Willingboro Berlin Coatesville Silverton Uniontown Mount Holly Chambersburg McC onne llsbu Toms River Camden Masontow rg Browns Mount Morris Upper York West Chester Point Marionn Cherry Hill Mills Seaside Heights Darby Mount Davis Red Lion Hyndman Kennett Square Chester Tu Gettysburg 979m Greencastle Island Hanover Oxford Philadelphia Beach New Freedom Mu Lindenwold Penns Grove l li Barnegat Pitman n i Carneys Point P r Glassboro Manahawkin ar Pennsville Elmer Surf City r B Salem Buena Egg Harbor City Long Beach Vineland Island Mays Landing Bridgeton 64 Millville Brigantine Pleasantville Atlantic City Somers Point Ventnor City Port Norris Ocean City 22 Woodbine Delaware Cape May Court House Bay Villas Avalon North Wildwood North Cape May Cape May Cape May B C D E F G H L M

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32

Adams Lowville

Sa

o

10

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Philadelphia Cranberry Lake

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major towns chemicals international airports coal major roads defence major industrial area electronics engineering finance hi-tech industry iron & steel pharmaceuticals printing & publishing research & development textiles timber processing

I nd

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Carry Falls Reservoir Saranac Lake

tc

Major industry and infrastructure

Gouverneur Alexandria Bay

ds slan

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Potsdam

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Missisquoi Richford Bay Enosburg North Hero Falls Saint Albans Dannemora Plattsburgh L a Lyon Mountain moille R i v e r Johnson 1167m Champlain

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14

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100m / 328ft

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250m / 820ft

A

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N Mar

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2108 miles (3389 km)

R ive r

Philadelphia

We s t Virg inia

C

12,872 miles (20,592 km)

iv e r

New Jerse y

4813 miles (7700 km)

Sa

Harrisburg

500m / 1640ft

340,090 miles (544,144 km)

nR

Pittsburgh

A

6

1000m / 3281ft

o lm

Ohio

5

Mai ne

A D A A N

Elevation

New York’s commercial success is tied historically to its transport connections. The Erie Canal, completed in 1825, opened up the Great Lakes and the interior to New York’s markets and carried a stream of immigrants into the Midwest.

The principal seaboard cities grew up on trade and manufacturing. They are now global centres of commerce and corporate Ver mont Portland New administration, dominating the regional Hamp shi re Syracuse economy. Research and development facilities Albany Rochester support an expanding electronics and Buffalo Massa chusetts New York communications sector throughout the region. Boston C on ne c t ic ut Pharmaceutical and chemical industries are Hartford Providence Pen nsy lvania R ho de Island New York important in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. C

below 10,000

The transport network

Transport and industry

4

10,000 to 50,000

m Chelsea in Vermont, surrounded by trees in their fall foliage. Tourism and agriculture dominate the economy of this self-consciously rural state, where no town exceeds 40,000 people.

Gra

3

50,000 to 100,000

Una Rivde illa r

2

500,000 to 1 million

G

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N O R T H A M E R I C A : U S A – N O R T H E A S T E R N S TAT E S O

P

T

nt Jo Long hn R Fort Lake Kent

Beau Lake

int Joh nR i Allag a sh Ri ve r

Squa Pan Mountain Ashland 451m

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Mars Hill ok o o s to Saddleback Mountain Ri

ve r

Sa

ac

N C A

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r

Limestone Caribou rn Washbu Fort Fairfield Presque Isle

M

517m

Churchill Lake Eagle Lake Chamberlain Lake Ar

m The Hancock Tower dominates the skyline of Boston’s business district. New England’s principal city has grown through land reclamation within Massachusetts Bay.

Eagle Lake

Fish River Lake

Houlton

Mount Chase 744m

W

X

Y

1

Pennsylvania has a large rural population and a major agribusiness sector dominated by livestock-raising. Fruit, vegetables and nursery plants are grown throughout the region, with Mai ne fishing on the coast. Cranberries and maple syrup A DA N are traditional products in New England. CA Ver mont Large areas of cropland in the north were returned to forest in New York New the 20th century. Albany Hamp shi re

ive

Van Buren

V

Using the land and sea

Sai

Madawaska

Dickey ve r

U

Rochester Buffalo

2

Massa chusetts Boston

3

C on ne c t ic ut Pen nsy lvania

Ohio

N

New York

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a

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Pittsburgh Island Falls Harrisburg C Patten Seboomook Chesuncook Mattawamkeag O din Philadelphia Katah t Moun Lake Lake Lake C New Jerse y icook I net 1605m put s Chi W t e s Mill man 14 T Sher M N Virg i nia ar Lakes Moosehead Millinocket 12 yl LA Lake Lake an AT h fort D e l a w a r e Dan d Millinocket Land use and Boundary Bald Mountain Pemadumcook Pe 1109m n ob s co Lake agricultural distribution Vanceboro t Ri Jackman v White Cap Mountain Big Squaw Mountain Mattawamkeag 974m 1111m cattle r Greenville West Moose Rive poultry The urban/rural population divide Grand Coburn Mountain oln Linc cranberries 1133m Lake Tumbledown tion a s a n t R i v e r Junc e nvill Brow fishing Mountain r urban 83% rural 17% Milo odland Lake c Wo Sebe 1080m Lake aff ais Flagst Cal fodder Guildford Big y Ba Bigelow Mountain fruit Aziscohos Lake 1265m of l maple syrup e Lake c Lake n n Stratto e am 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Bingh Fundy n timber Eastport Memphremagog Milford Con af Mountain n Sugarlo Tow Old La Rangeley 1291m Population density Total land area Lubec major towns Sebasticook ntain Gore Mountain e Mou Lak Lead r dne Saddleback Mountain a s Gar Lake 466m 1015m Colebrook Bangor Rive r 1255m pasture Newport Madison 335 people per sq mile 162,258 sq miles Blue Mountain Brewer Mooselookmeguntic cropland (120 people per sq km) (420,232 sq km) Machias Island Pond 998m field Pitts pden e Skowhegan Ham Lak Lake ham Gra Barton forest nd Isla Farmington ss Cro Bucksport Milbridge Jonesport Old Speck Mountain and Groveton Oakl Wilton 1274m Ellsworth Winslow Great Wass Island r Rumford Searsport  Foreign competition and Guildhall Lancaster Blue Hill Rive Livermore Petit Manan Point China Lake g in Lyndonville depletion of stocks in the g Falls Bar Harbor Belfast Berlin An dros co Bethel Moore Augusta Mount Desert Atlantic fishing grounds caused a Reservoir Littleton Island Mount Washington decline in fishing in the seaboard Deer Isle Camden South Paris e 1917m Norway Swans Island it states. Recent years have seen a Gardiner h land Rock P W Mount Lafayette Lewiston Waldoboro gradual recovery; Massachusetts Thomaston Lisbon 1600m i n s Auburn Haut au Isle Vinalhaven now annually ranks third or in Woodsville t a Pleasant Mounta 64 Wiscasset Bridgton Island 612m North un fourth in the USA in terms of the s Seal Island Conway inicu Mo Sebago Lisbon Mat Bath Falls value of fish landed. Conway Island Lake Brunswick Boothbay Ragged Island iv e r Squam North Windham Harbor Lake Lake Westbrook Plymouth Winnipesaukee Gorham Casco Bay Mount Cardigan land Lebanon 951m Port South Portland Meredith Wolfeboro Elizabeth Cape Saco Bristol Km Laconia Alfred 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Sanford Biddeford Kennebunk Northfield Claremont Farmington Rochester Sunapee Lake 80 90 100 40 60 30 70 50 0 5 10 20 Miles Somersworth projection: Lambert Conformal Conic York Harbor Concord Charlestown Dover Henniker Suncook Kitter y Hillsboro Newmarket Portsmouth Goffstown Exeter Hampton Manchester Keene ugh  The islands, inlets and Peterboro Amesbury Milford Newburyport promontories of Maine’s Haverhill Jaffrey coast extend 3500 miles Methuen Plum Island Nashua Winchester The marshy lowlands of the Atlantic Coastal Plain dwindle i v e r Lawrence (5630 km). The tidal range is Cape Ann Winchendon Lowell towards the north, giving way to the rocky coast of Maine. ester rs particularly high, varying Glouc Athol Danve Fitchburg Leominster Salem Beverly between 12 and 24 ft Quabbin Uplifted over 400 million years ago, the Appalachian Woburn Lynn Reservoir (3.7–7.3 m). Medford Clinton Malden Mountains have since been carved into several discrete Logan International Barre Hudson Cambridge

M

o

r r ima

10

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N

9

The landscape

Massachusetts Bay Boston

ranges by the region’s main rivers and heavily denuded by successive glacial advances. This broad upland belt, with the younger Adirondack Mountains, is bounded by the Great Lakes in the northwest.

Quincy Framingham Dedham Weymouth

Stoughton Randolph Marshfield Auburn Palmer Race Provincetown Whitinsville Brockton Point Stafford Southbridge Mansfield Bridgewater Kingston Woonsocket Springs Plymouth Attleboro Cape Cod Cape Cod Taunton Putnam Greenville ket Pawtuc Orleans Bay Storrs Providence ence East Provid Buzzards Bay Cranston Danielson Somerset Barnstable Nauset Beach Moosup Fall River Warwick South Yarmouth Fairhaven Jewett City nis Hyan Tiverton New Bedford Island East Falmouth Monomoy Colchester y Rhode a Norwich Falmouth sB Island d cket r Nantu Kingston Newport zza Great Point Sound Bu Oak Bluffs New London Edgartown ound Westerly S Rhode Island Martha's Groton nd ucket Isla Niantic Sound Vineyard Nant Nantucket ck Fishers Island Blo Island Island Block Gardiners Island Point Montauk Southold Montauk Sag Harbor

ICUT

8

Scale 1:2,750,000

G u l f

e

Me

H U S E T T SNewton Worcester

e

f

w

NEW HAMPSHIRE

a

in

The narrow Finger Lakes of northwestern New York State were formed by glaciers cutting into deep deposits of material from an earlier ice advance.

RHO DE ISLA ND

A N E C

The lower Connecticut River has cut down into the flat, clay valley floor, which previously formed the bed of an ice-dammed lake.

The Adirondack Mountains were formed when the deeply buried basement rocks were forced upwards in a dome by as much as 2 miles (3 km).

12

Green Mountains

Deposits of glacial till from the last Ice Age are up to 1000 ft (300 m) deep around Lake Ontario.

The Genesee River in New York State has eroded a canyon 800 ft (240 m) deep through the Appalachians. The river continued to cut downwards as the land was uplifted.

11

13

Southampton

O

15

Softer rock is eroded more quickly

Force of water continues to undercut cliffs

m The Niagara Falls were created where the Niagara River reached an escarpment capped by hard limestone. This was gradually eroded exposing softer rock strata. Plunging water continues to erode the softer strata causing the falls to recede upstream. N

Lake Erie, receiving water flowing from the rest of the Great Lakes, drains via the Niagara Falls, into Lake Ontario, which lies 325 ft (99 m) below.

River fed by water from the Great Lakes

Resistant rock

O

Q

Cape Cod, Long Island and the islands between them mark the top of a great terminal moraine, formed at the front of the ice sheet which once covered the land. This ridge of deposited material was subsequently flooded by rising seas.

Dingmans Ferry

 The waterfalls at Dingmans Ferry are typical of those found in villages on the ‘Fallline’, where rivers drop from the Appalachians to the coastal lowlands. These locations provide water power and are often at the navigable head of the river. P

14

Cape Cod

Niagara Falls

The Atlantic Coastal Plain is part of the continental shelf, which extends several hundred miles out to sea, providing a rich environment for marine life.

R

S

T

U

Rising sea levels have flooded river valleys along the coast, creating rias such as Long Island Sound.

V

W

X

m At Provincetown, Cape Cod, complex and powerful ocean currents continue to modify the shoreline, washing away some 3 ft (1 m) of the lower cape each year, while extending the beaches in the north. Y

16

17

Z

19

NORTH AMERICA C

D

E

F

G

H

USA: MID-EASTERN STATES

1

100,000 to 500,000

6000m / 19,686ft

50,000 to 100,000

4000m / 13,124ft

10,000 to 50,000

1000m / 3281ft 500m / 1640ft 250m / 820ft 100m / 328ft

Covington Newport

sea level

Cincinnati

Florence Alexandria Independence Walton Warsaw

Scale 1:3,000,000

0

30

20

5 10

20

Miles

capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

40

50 30

60

80

70

40

50

60

projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

N A I Louisville D I N

70

80

Valley Station

A

Falmouth Carrollton Williamstown Bedford Owenton

River

30

Km

ng

5

m The Bluegrass region of Kentucky centres on the town of Lexington. This exceptionally fertile rolling plain is well known for its thoroughbred horse-breeding ranches.

2000m / 6562ft

Major industry and infrastructure

In the urbanized northeast, manufacturing remains important, alongside a burgeoning service sector. North Carolina is a major centre for industrial research and development. Traditional industries include Tennessee whiskey, and textiles in South Carolina. The decline of open-cast coal mining in the Appalachians has been hastened by environmental controls, although adventure-tourism is a flourishing new industry.

3000m / 9843ft

below 10,000

adventure-tourism car manufacture coal electronics engineering finance food processing hi-tech industry mining research & development textiles

M

500,000 to 1 million

0 5 10

Transport and industry

L

Li cki

4

K

Elevation

Population

Key events in the history of the USA took place in this diverse region, which became the front line in the Civil War of 1861–65 between North and South. Strong regional contrasts exist between the fertile coastal plains, the isolated upcountry of the Appalachian Mountains and the cottongrowing areas of the Mississippi lowlands to the west. Whilst coal mining, a traditional industry in the Appalachians, has declined in recent years leaving much rural poverty, service industries elsewhere have increased, especially in the US federal capital, Washington DC.

3

J

Map key

D e l a w a r e , D i s t r i c t o f C o l u m b i a , Ke n t u c k y, Maryland, North Carolina,South Carolina, Te n n e s s e e , V i r g i n i a , W e s t V i r g i n i a

2

I

River

B

io

A

Oh New Castle La Grange Cynthiana Eminence Shelbyville Frankfort Georgetown Paris Jeffersontow

n

S

Ro

K E N T U C K Y

Ken

UR

I

L

N I L

OI

iver

I

Brandenburg Mount Washington Taylorsville Versailles Lexington Lawrenceburg Irvington Shepherdsville Salt River Henderson Hawesville Lebanon Nicholasville Cloverport Radcliff Junctio n Owensboro Wilmore Uniontown Bardstown Vine Grove Morganfield Hardinsburg Whitesville Harrodsburg Richmond Elizabethtown Gre Herrington Springfield Fordsville Rough River en SturgisSebree Riv Lake Lancaster l Lake g h u l o Danville R ing R er Dix Calh on oun 6 Leitchfield Hodgenville F ork Lebanon Livermore Berea Stanford iver Providence io R Hartford Madisonville Oh Upton Marion Earlington Munfordville Campbellsville Central City Morgantow Mount n Green River Liberty Smithland Greensburg Vernon Brownsville Paducah Cal Dawson SpringsGreenville Lake Horse Cave vert City Princeton Green River 26 Eddyville Pennsy lvan ia Cave City Columbia Russell Springs Wickliffe Smiths Grove Crofton Maryland Baltimore Glasgow Somerset Cadiz Ohio Jamestown Ben ton Bow Hop ling kins Bar 7 ville dwell Indiana Burnside Auburn Edmonton Green Lake WASHINGTON DC Delaware Lake Barren Cumberland Charleston Monticello Russellville Elkton Louisville Barkley River Illinois Ma yfi Cli eld nton W.Virginia Virginia Lake Burkesville Franklin Murray Hickman Scottsville Kentucky Tompkinsville Albany Whitley City Richmond Missouri Fulton Cla rksville Portland Union City Stearns South Fulton Nashville Spri Celina Pur ngfi year eld Tiptonville Reelfoot Lake Arkansas Lafayette Martin Dover Oneida Tennessee Dale Hollow Raleigh Paris Ridgely Ob Memphis North Dresden Gallatin Hartsville Huntsville ion Lake Goodlettsville Carolina Erin Old Hickory Lake Mississippi Livingston Jamestown n River Ashl n o and i Alabama Georgia b Gre Gainesboro enf d ield O Hendersonville Charlotte Newbern R i v City Jacksboro Carth age Sunbright e McKenzie Dyersburg Lebanon Dyer McEwen Camden Cookeville Algood White Bluff Nas Lake City hvi lle Trenton South Columbia Huntingdon Monter r ey Waverly r R Dickson Nashville Bruceton d Dee ive Carolina ive Center Hill Forke Wartburg Smyrna C Milan Franklin Halls Lake O Oak Ridge Sparta C Smithville Alamo Humboldt Harriman TI Crossville Murfreesboro Kingston Du Hatchie Ripley AN Rockwood Bel ls L Ri Bro Woodbury Centerville AT wnsville 9 Lexington Parsons R iv Lenoir City Spence Sprin r g Hill e r Linden Jackson The transport network Loudon Covington Columbia Munford Chapel Hill McMinnville Spring City Watts Bar Hohenwald Decaturville Lake Pikeville 452,218 miles 5737 miles er Mount Millington Henderson Shelbyville Buffalo Ri Sweetwater Riv (723,548 km) (8267 km) Pleasant ee Dayton Arlington Whiteville Madisonvill e Manc hester Lewisburg Waynesboro Bartlett Tullahoma Altamont Memphis Adamsville Somerville Tims Ford Athens Tellico Dunlap 18,336 miles 4404 miles Bolivar Tracy Germantown Lawrenceburg Lake Plains (29,503 km) (7081 km) Savannah Memphis Chickamauga Monteagle City Soddy Daisy Moscow Collinwood Middleton Selmer Lynchburg a Etowah Lake Pulaski Collierville 10 H i w s se e R i v e r Grand Junction Whitw ell Fayetteville Winchester Iron City Tennessee’s rivers are part of an important inland Benton Saint JosephElkton Elk River Jasper Cleveland Hiwassee Ardmore bulk-transport network. Memphis is connected South Pittsburg Chattanooga Ducktown Lake with New Orleans in the south, and with cities as

SO

la

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IS

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tu ck y La k e

A

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AN

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SA

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TENNESSEE Ten ne ss

K

R

distant as Minneapolis, Sioux City, Chicago and Pittsburgh, via the Mississippi and its tributaries. 11

MISSISSIPP

26

The eastern tributaries of the Mississippi drain the interior lowlands. The Cumberland Plateau and the parallel ranges of the Appalachians have been successively uplifted and eroded over time, with the eastern side reduced to a series of foothills known as the Piedmont. The broad coastal plain gradually falls away into salt marshes, lagoons and offshore bars, broken by flooded estuaries along the shores of the Atlantic.

13

East Ridge

A L A B A M A

I

22

The landscape

12

v er

A

Natural Bridge in eastern Kentucky is an arch 78 ft (26 m) long and 65 ft (20 m) high. It has been shaped from resistant sandstone by gradual weathering processes, which removed the softer rock lying underneath.

 Farmland on the eastern shores of Chesapeake Bay is sustained by artificial drainage. The area also provides refuge for a variety of waterfowl.

The Allegheny Mountains form the northwestern edge of the Appalachian mountain chain. Continuous folding has formed rich seams of bituminous coal.

Appalachian Mountains

The many inlets of Chesapeake Bay are the flooded tributaries of the main river valley, which have been inundated by rising sea levels.

The Mammoth Cave is part of an extensive cave system in the limestone region of southwestern Kentucky. It stretches for over 300 miles (485 km) on five different levels and contains three rivers and three lakes.

14

Salt marshes such as Great Dismal Swamp, develop where the coast is sheltered. Vast areas of such marshland have been reclaimed for farmland and settlement. Cape Hatteras is the easternmost point of an offshore barrier island; a wave-deposited sand-bar which has become permanent, establishing its own vegetation.

The Mississippi River and its tributary the Ohio River form the western border of the region.

15

Barrier islands

The Cumberland Plateau is the most southwesterly part of the Appalachians. Big Black Mountain at 4180 ft (1274 m) is the highest point in the range.

16

A

20

B

C

D

E

F

G

Barrier island

m Barrier islands are common along the coasts of North and South Carolina. As sea levels rise, wave action builds up ridges of sand and pebbles parallel to the coast, separated by lagoons or intertidal mudflats, which are flooded at high tide.

The Blue Ridge mountains are a steep ridge, culminating in Mount Mitchell, the highest point in the Appalachians, at 6684 ft (2037 m).

 The Great Smoky Mountains form the western escarpment of the Appalachians. The region is heavily forested, with over 130 species of tree.

17

Tidal inlet These intertidal mudflats become submerged at high tide

H

I

J

K

L

M

N O R T H A M E R I C A : U S A – M I D - E A S T E R N S TAT E S N

O

P

Q

T

 Natural Bridge is one of Virginia’s most popular attractions. The unique 214 ft (65 m) high stone ‘bridge’ stretches across a 200 ft (60 m) deep gorge.

U

V

W

X

Y

Chester New Cumberland

18

18

Weirton

1

Wellsburg

A PENNSYLVANI

Wheeling

Gunpowd

eytown Hagerstown TanWestminster Thurmont Cockeysville Boonsboro

Claymont

Wilmington Newark

2

NE

Moundsville

O

30

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Everett Durham Douglas Lake on an Knoxville Salem mst Ro oke Willia Raleigh-Durham Spruce Newport High Point Lenoir Taylorsville Plymouth Phelps Jordan Island Rocky Burnsville Pine Robersonville Mocksville Lake rvoir h Rese eig i ty Sevierville French B Ral Liber Fort v asville unt Thom Hawksbill Mountain Stony Point Lexington er Bethel Zebulon Mo roa Marshall Cary Loudoun Lake 1225m eman Hickory Randl Lake e eur son Rams City Wil Siler r Greenville Mount Guyot Statesville et Alcoa Mars Hill er Granite Falls Pantego Belhaven Hickory Lake Mattamuske High Rock Spencer Apex Garn 2018m Maryville Kenly Pittsboro Farmville Mount Mitchell Washington ry Clayton Lake Engelhard Asheboro Gatlinburg Marion Morganton Newton Salisbu y 2037m n init cow d i Cho ille Pam Clingmans Dome Hatteras Islan ta d Lake Norman Mooresv lico R Black Mountain Ayden 2024m oun Asheville Swanquarter u n iver pe Davidson Ca Hill w Canton i Great Smoky M Sno o D eep R ive r ve Smithfield Lincolnton S r Sanford Benson Bryson City Grifton Badin Lake Hatteras Kannapolis Concord Waynesville Fletcher o La Grange Sylva Vanceboro Goldsboro Cherryville Lillington Robbins Haw Fontana Lake Hatteras Troy Hobucken l i c Albemarle n Rutherfordton sto n Kin Dun age Forest City Knob Carth o N bor Biscoe m Bay eus Bessemer City Mount Holly Hendersonville 1668m Robbinsville Ocracoke Island e River Pa Lake Tillery Shelby Columbus Gastonia Brevard Southern Pines Mount Olive Andrews Pinehurst New Bern Kings Mountain Belmont Lake Franklin Spring Lake y tte Charlo Aberdeen Ba Toxaway Trenton Ellerbe Landrum Murphy Chesnee Clinton Warsaw Clover Charlotte Pineville Lu Fayetteville Atlantic gh m i Gaffney Hayesville ille ansv Inman Ken boro ds Rose Richlan Marshville Havelock York Fort Mill Highlands Rockingham Travelers Rest Cowpens Ca Raeford Hope Mills Greer Monroe Wadesboro Rock Hill Hamlet Beaufort Lake Pickens Taylors City Spartanburg ead reh Mo lle nvi Jackso Red Springs Keowee Greenville Jonesville Harkers Island Garland Easley rg inbu d Laur Pagelan s Fort Saint Paul Maxton Wallace Walhalla Simpsonville Woodruff Ty Cape Lookout Union g Lawn rfield town ll Cheste beth e McCo Eliza Piedmont rR Pembroke Lancaster y Westminster o i 11 Chester Cheraw a Bennettsville ge on Rid Seneca Clemson Fountain Inn r e e R Enoree ver ly bert Hol Lum B Great Falls Burgaw ive pe Hartwell Williamston Clio r Clarkton Wateree Kershaw w Fe Carlisle Belton Laurens and Rowl Lake o y a Societ Lake McBee 64 Whitmire Anderson Bolton r Riv s l Hill Clinton er Dillon Honea Path n Castle Hayne Winnsboro Whiteville Hartsville Fair Bluff O Ware Shoals Cross Hill n Chadbour Wilmington Newberry Co Due West Lake Darlington Ridgeway Camden Mullins Wrightsville Beach Rivngar Nichols Tabor City Green Greenwood Bishopville Greenwood er e Lugoff mp Sa lu da Ri Swa on Lamar Mari v nce Abbeville Flore olina Beach Car e le Six Ninety Timmonsvil r Loris Irmo iv 12 Lake Murray Calhoun Falls Aynor Southport Mayesville lotte Columbia Shal Bald Head Island Waccama Ri r Fea e Saluda Lexington Cayce Cap McCormick r v Sumter er Little Rive Lake City Batesburg Conway Johnston Large areas of fertile soil and a mild Johnsonville Swansea Edgefield Hemingway y Myrtle Beach Clark Hill climate support the USA’s largest tree Kings a ng Manni s Saint Matthew Lake Bla Surfside Beach Summerton ck R B North Lake tobacco output and a broad range of Aiken i v Elloree er Marion 13 Pawleys Island Andrews North Augusta vegetables, as well as soya beans, Sa Orangeburg nte New Ellenton eR Williston Georgetown Holly Hill i peanuts, maize and small grains. The 22 v er Bamberg Denmark Lake North Island Moultrie Barnwell Branchville Kentucky Bluegrass around Lexington r Corne Sa ks Monc l ke McClellanville ha Saint George Ehrhardt Edi is a major horse- and cattle-rearing tch sto Cape Island ie Riv Summerville Ri Ruffin er Allendale Cape Romain ve region and poultry is important in Creek e Goos Bull Island Cottageville Fairfax 14 Hanahan Hampton North Charleston Walterboro North and South Carolina. Cotton, Ca

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timber tobacco

pigs cattle poultry cotton fishing fruit peanuts soya beans

capital cities major towns pasture cropland forest

The urban/rural population divide urban 64%

0

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South Carolina’s traditional crop, has declined significantly but remains important in western Tennessee. Forestry is the main use of land in upland areas.

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Population density

Total land area

149 people per sq mile (59 people per sq km)

235,226 sq miles (609,212 sq km)

T

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Kentucky

Missouri

100

90

Maryland Charleston

Louisville

Illinois

rural 36%

W.Virginia

Baltimore

WASHINGTON DC

Delaware

Virginia

16

Richmond

Nashville Memphis

Mississippi

Tennessee

Alabama

North Raleigh Carolina

Georgia

South Columbia Carolina V

15

Pennsy lv an ia

Ohio

Indiana

Arkansas

m North Carolina is the leading grower and processor of tobacco in the USA. The habit of smoking was adopted by Europeans from the native Americans, and tobacco became the main export crop for European colonists. O

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The delta of the Mississippi over 5000 years ago

Atchafalaya Bay

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m In Providence Canyon, Georgia, the Chattahoochee River has cut straight down through the sandy bedrock, to leave sheer rock faces and pinnacles, which have been smoothed by subsequent weathering.

Mississippi Delta

The Blue Ridge mountains in the north are skirted by the gentle hills of the Piedmont, whose rivers drain south on to the great flat expanse of the coastal plain. Sandy barrier beaches and islands dominate the sea shore, tracing round the swampy limestone arm of Florida. In the west, the Mississippi meanders towards its delta, crossing the thickly mantled alluvial plain of the interior lowlands.

17

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m The cypress swamps of the Mississippi Delta form in the backswamps behind the leveés of the river and in the multitude of subsiding delta basins.

16

Pe ar l Riv

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Brasstown Bald in the Blue Ridge mountains of Georgia is the region’s highest point, at 4784 ft (1458 m).

14

The landscape

hi

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At De Soto Falls, Alabama, the Little River descends into the deepest canyon east of the Mississippi, with sheer cliff walls up to 700 ft (230 m) high.

Piedmont

15

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Key West

Cathedral Caverns near Huntsville in Alabama is a system of vast limestone caves, with a main opening 1000 ft (300 m) high and 150 ft (50 m) wide.

The Mississippi is the world’s third longest river and moves over 1000 million tonnes of sediment a year, creating deep alluvial plains. Flooding is a constant threat in lowland areas.

13

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The Yazoo River flows parallel to the Mississippi through a common flood plain. The confluence of the rivers is deferred downstream because flood deposition has built the Mississippi channel up above the level of the Yazoo.

Miami

major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

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oil textiles tourism

aerospace car manufacture chemicals coal defence electronics engineering food processing

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Atlanta’s Hartsfield International airport is one of the busiest in the world. A dramatic rise in the use of regional air transport has helped to integrate the major cities of the southern states.

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6179 miles (9942 km)

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16,597 miles (26,555 km)

 The French Quarter is the traditional cultural centre of New Orleans. The city, extensively damaged by Hurricane Katrina in 2005, once thrived on the cotton trade but now relies mainly on tourism and on oil from the Gulf of Mexico.

8

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The transport network

A S E X

Florida’s tourist trade is only part of a flourishing service sector, which has swelled the principal cities of the south. Petroleum and mineral extraction has made the Gulf coast a major industrial region. Traditional textile production remains important in Georgia, while advanced new industries have grown from the NASA Space Program.

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The South has maintained a separate identity and outlook throughout the history of the USA. Defeat in the American Civil War (1861–65) brought chronic poverty to the Confederate states, while the subsequent liberation of four million black slaves began a struggle not resolved until the 1960s, when the Civil Rights movement achieved an end to legal racial segregation. Since then many parts of the region have experienced rapid change: tourism and retirement communities, together with agriculture, have fuelled growth in Florida whilst defence-related industries have boosted the growth of cities such as Miami and Atlanta. Despite these changes, many people retain Springhill a strong attachment to their history: in Louisiana, French is still Plain Dealing Haynesville spoken in Cajun communities near the coast. Vivian

3

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Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi

Ri ve r

USA: SOUTHERN STATES

1

ha nd eleu r

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Lake Okeechobee is actually a shallow, slow-moving river, 150 miles (240 km) long and 50 miles (80 km) wide.

Present-day delta

m Over the last 5000 years the lower course of the Mississippi has moved back and forth over great distances. These changes, caused by varying sediment loads and human modification, have resulted in a ‘bird’s foot’ delta with several lobes, each reflecting the river’s different historic position. F

G

Across Florida the coastal plain is mostly less than 75 ft (25 m) above sea level. The land is underlain by limestone, pitted with hollows which have been filled by over 10,000 lakes.

The Everglades lie in a limestone hollow formed over two million years ago, which has gradually become in-filled with swamp deposits.

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Scale 1:3,500,000 Km

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Hartwell Gainesville Royston Fulton Canton Cumming Haleyville e Albertville Rome merc Population Com Elberton Allatoona Lake Buford Boaz Tupelo ad O co n e Hamilton Mountain Park Weiss Lake Cullman e Ri v e 500,000 to 1 million Rive r Centre ville Carters e ll r Double Springs Roswe v n Hanceville Attalla Winder Rockmart Amory Athens Lewis Smith Gadsden Cedartow Sandy Springs Lawrencevil 100,000 to 500,000 Guin Winfield Lake Richard B. Oneonta Marietta Ale Tucker Rainbow City Carbon Hill Smyrna Lexington Russell Lake Mountain Aberdeen 50,000 to 100,000 o Stone Sulligent F Jacksonville Buchanan y Warrior oe Atlanta Decatur513m Monr er r Washington Jasper Vernon Ashville 10,000 to 50,000 ul b o rs M Conye F Point East Cordova Anniston Bremen Clark Hill Martinez Madison Greensboro ust Gardendale ve r Loc Forest Park below 10,000 Fayette West Point Ri Lake Carrollton l li Tarrant Pell City C e a p Atlanta ld e a usta Hartsfie gton Oxford Heflin x Aug Covin h Thomson Fairburn Birmingham City Columbus Lu Logan Martin Jonesboro don ee Leeds Gor Ocon t Mountain Cheaha Lake For McDonough Bankhead Hueytown Lake Elevation Warrenton 734m Eatonton Reform Peachtree City Vestavia Hills Talladega Lake Lake Bessemer Newnan De Soto Falls ta Lake Spar icello Tuscaloosa Mont Wedowee Franklin Jackson Alabaster r Childersburg Griffin Wrens Sinclair Northport Carrollton Waynesboro West Point Ashland 4000m / 13,124ft Hogansville Columbiana Brooksville Aliceville Lake Milledgeville sville le Sylacauga Barne isvil Lou Tuscaloosa Roanoke La Grange Calera Macon ick Hardw 3000m / 9843ft No Gray ey Alexander r Montevallo xu Sips Lay Lake Forsy th ve Greenville be Wadley Sandersville Millen City Ri e Gordon ston Centreville 2000m / 6562ft a p o Lafayette e r Thoma l l a T Rockford Brent Macon Sylvania West Point Wrightsville Dadeville Eutaw Clanton Manchester Lanett Mitchell Knoxville Martin 1000m / 3281ft Greensboro Lake De Kalb Og Lake Lake Harding Talbotton er Swainsboro Opelika 500m / 1640ft O ns Warner Robi ho o Fort Butler Dublin Livingston pe Statesboro Springfield Auburn Valley Demopolis Marion ter Met ran Wetumpka City Coch Phenix Prattville 250m / 820ft Perry Tallassee York Columbus Soperton Tuskegee Hawkinsville Buena Vista Montezuma r Selma ve Vidalia Lyons Claxton 100m / 328ft Al a b a a Ri ve Montgomery orpe r y Ogleth Cit an Linden Eastm Garden Ca m Cusseta Unadilla no Pembroke Ellaville Mount Vernon Savannah o ch Hayneville sea level Preston ee R Union Springs Reidsville iv Tybee Island Mcrae Richland Vienna Butler William Bill Dannelly Glennville ville Providence Abbe cus Ameri nd Sou Reservoir Ossabaw Hinesville Alta Canyon Ri Camden ma Fort Deposit Cordele ver Hazlehurst Lake Blackshear Eufaula h Georgetown Ossabaw Island Baxley a Ri Clayton o Thomasville Greenville C ve Saint Catherines Dawson Ludowici Walter F George at Island Troy illa Cuthbert Ashburn Fitzgerald Jesup Reservoir Grove Hill Waynesboro elo Sound Sap C a Ocill Luverne Brundidge Alma Fort Gaines Sapelo Island Douglas Albany i l t l Monroeville A a r Abbeville Morgan a Jackson Sylvester R S Darien Tifton r Ozark Blackshear Satilla Riv Elba Blakely Chatom a Saint Simons Island Evergreen son Pe Pear Newton r Andalusia Headland Nashville Waycross ve Camilla Brunswick unta Nah Daleville Enterprise Colquitt Opp Jekyll Island cu Adel Moultrie Dothan Cone Leakesville Saint Andrew Sound Lakeland Homerville Pelham Brewton R Hartford w Geneva Donalsonville m Mangrove swamps and Citronelle Woodbine Atmore Florala Cumberland Island Banks Bainbridge islets merge across Kingsland Lucedale Folkston Lake Cairo Graceville ys Mar t Bay Minette Sain Whitewater Bay, in the Okefenokee Saraland Quitman W Valdosta Lake Thomasville dina Beach McDavid nan De Funiak Bonifay Chipley Marianna it h Fer mp Swa e Big Creek Statenvill er lac Seminole Everglades National Park. Crestview Springs Amelia Island oo v Fargo Lake Lake Chattahoochee c Yulee Ri Alligators, crocodiles, Ri Prichard Mobile Milton Iamonia Sound ve r sau Quincy ve r Nas r i Jaspe Tillmans R Monticello w endangered aquatic Lake Daphne Corner ello ville Hol m Green Y Valparaiso ille nv Ensley kso Jackson Jac Atlantic Beach Ferry Pass Fairhope mammals such as Theodore Blountstown Choctawhatchee son Lake Crystal Madi Moss Point ch West Pensacola Pensacola Lake manatees, and a great Tallahassee Macclenny Jacksonville Bea Bay Bristol oc Bayou La Batre Foley Warrington e h Gulf Breeze Talquin Lakesid Destin Fort C Live Oak variety of birds Orange Park Pascagoula Mobile Lynn Haven Bay S Dead Lake S oun d Santa Rosa Island Walton Beach Lake City Watertown inhabit the Crawfordville Gulf Shores Perry Panama City Dauphin er Marks Panama City Beach Saint Lake Butl subtropical Bay Parker Middleburg Island s ine w Mayo ust e r Aug nt d Sai S a nt a sanctuary. Apalachee Saint An Wewahitchka Starke Fe R iv e er Saint J r i ve r Bay Anastasia Island Branford os e Carrabelle High Springs do Wal Alachua ay Port Saint Joe aB GainesvillePalatka col Dog Island Trenton Crescent Apalachicola lachi Flagler Beach Cape San Blas Lake Cross City Apa Saint George Island Island Vincent Saint Bunnell Orange Lake Crescent City Bronson Ormond Beach Lake Williston George Daytona Beach South Day tona

Red Bay

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Hallandale North Miami

Miami Beach

i Miam Biscayne

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Homestead

S

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ay

Cape Sable

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Florida Bay Islamorada

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North Naples Naples

 Duck Key is one of the chain of limestone and coral islands which form the Florida Keys. The Overseas Highway, completed in 1938, extends 100 miles (160 km) from the mainland to Key West along a series of causeways and bridges.

Key West

Q

rt No

IC

m Cotton production, once the economic mainstay of the ‘deep south’, has fallen by more than 50% since 1900. Soil erosion, pests and new farming techniques have shifted the cotton belt west towards Texas and California.

pasture cropland forest wetland

P

A

100

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90

C

80

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70

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60

253,046 sq miles (655,364 sq km)

Miami

major towns

C

50

simmee Ri Kis

ss

I

River

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s hn

Mi

N

A

40

10

Port Orange n Inlet Ponce de Leo ch

W Cedar Key acca De Land New Smyrna Bea Dunnellon Cedar Keys Ba sassa y 64 Deltona Lady Lake ando Hern nt Mosquito Lagoon Fruitland Sai Jo Crystal River Mount tis Eus Park Sanford Dora Crystal Bay Inverness Leesburg Merritt Island Apopka Tsala Apopka Lake Lake Har ris 11 Titusville s ter Park ing Win Spr e ont Altam nt John Sai rt Po Lake Apopka Brooksville do lan e Canaveral Or Cap den Gar ter Win Pine Castle Cape Canaveral Orlando Cocoa Spring Hill Cocoa Beach Merritt Island Dade City ee imm Kiss Saint Cloud Satellite Beach Lake New Port Richey Zephyrhills opekaliga Toh day Holi Melbourne Lutz Keys Anclote Lake City Palm Bay Haines Tarpon Springs Tarpon Lakeland Lake en Hav ter Win Sebastian Plant City mee sim Kis Tampa Lake Wales Brandon Clearwater Blue Cypress Largo Tampa Bartow Lake Gifford Pinellas Park Saint Petersburg Frostproof Vero Beach Treasure Island Gulfport h Beac g k sbur Avon Par Saint Peter Tampa Lakewood Park Bay Wauchula Sebring Fort Pierce ve Palmetto r Hutchinson Island Bradenton ga kpo Jensen Beach Lake Isto Sarasota Stuart Longboat Key Saint Lucie Inlet Okeechobee Arcadia ak My Hobe Sound n tow a Indian C Laurel e Lake S aint Luci Venice Port Charlotte North Port Okeechobee Moore Haven Riviera Beach Punta Gorda Pahokee er h e e Ri v c West Palm Beach t a e h Charlott de Gla os a le o Bel l 40 ton a wis Lake Worth C La Belle Cle Gasparilla Island Harbor South Bay Tice North Fort Myers Boynton Beach Fort Myers Delray Beach Pine Island Cape Coral Boca Raton ch Fort Myers Beach Immokalee Sanibel Island Deerfield Bea Sanibel Margate Bonita Springs Pompano Beach iver aR ah

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iv e r

Ok law

o

30

149 people per sq mile (57 people per sq km)

NT

ida

Orlando

soya beans sugar cane timber

O

20

Total land area

LA

or

Mexico Gulf of

Jacksonville

Fl

Tallahassee

I

9

c

10

Population density

Savannah

Land use and agricultural distribution cattle pigs poultry citrus cotton fishing peanuts shellfish

i

0

AT

Baton Rouge

R

D

x

Georgia

Montgomery

ns R

eR

y

Jackson

New Orleans

rural 28%

t h a u i n l o

Atlanta

Alabama

t Joh

ne

Ba

urban 72%

r

na

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o

Birmingham

ai n

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ph

pi

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O

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he

C hi p o l a

o

L

8

Pe a c

aR i ve

id

o

The urban/rural population divide

In recent years a wide variety of cash crops has been grown in lands once dominated by cotton. The semi-tropical Florida climate has made it a world leader in the growing of citrus fruit. Georgia has a similar reputation for peanuts; elsewhere soya beans, sugar cane, poultry and cattle are important. Fishing takes place in Atlantic and Gulf waters, with shellfishing in the shallow Louisiana ‘bayou’. Te n n e s s e e

nt Ma

ve r

Sai

e Ri

A Te nsaw Rive r laba m

che

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Mobile River

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A

7

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Little Riv e

ah a

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l ap

r

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F

Ocala

 New Orleans was devastated by Hurricane Katrina in August 2005. Around 1200 lives were lost across the region. Florida and the Gulf coast are prone to hurricanes every autumn.

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r Hu

Bi g

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Chickasawhay River

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6

St

ra

23

NORTH AMERICA B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K Kerrick

O

Texline

USA: Texas

Dalhart

Hartley

Dawn

X

Hereford

urban 80%

cattle goats sheep cereals cotton

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Total land area

84 people per sq mile (33 people per sq km)

261,797 sq miles (678,028 sq km)

n

Tokio

s

r Sp

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t

Monahans Royalty

a Dr

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M

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Davis Mountains

Bakersfield Fort Stockton

u

a

Fort Davis

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as

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Emory Peak 2385m Big Bend National Park

M ou Ch iso s

M

ll

I

Dryden vi

o

O

C

Sabine River

13

Extensive forests of pine and cypress grow in the eastern corner of the coastal lowlands where the average rainfall is 45 inches (1145 mm) a year. This is higher than the rest of the state and over twice the average in the west.

The Rio Grande flows from the Rocky Mountains through semi-arid land, supporting sparse vegetation. The river actually shrinks along its course, losing more water through evaporation and seepage than it gains from its tributaries and rainfall.

14

In the coastal lowlands of southeastern Texas the Earth’s crust is warping, causing the land to subside and allowing the sea to invade. Around Galveston, the rate of downward tilting is 6 inches (15 cm) per year. Erosion of the coast is also exacerbated by hurricanes.

15

Big Bend National Park Oil deposits Edwards Plateau is a limestone outcrop. It is part of the Great Plains, bounded to the southeast by the Balcones Escarpment, which marks the southerly limit of the plains.

16

Oil trapped by fault

17

A

24

B

C

D

E

Oil accumulates beneath impermeable cap rock Impermeable rock strata

Oil deposits migrate through reservoir rocks such as shale

 Flowing through 1500 ft (450 m) high gorges, the shallow, muddy Rio Grande makes a 90˚ bend, which marks the southern border of Big Bend National Park, giving it its name. The area is a mixture of forested mountains, deserts and canyons.

Laguna Madre in southern Texas has been almost completely cut off from the sea by Padre Island. This sand bank was created by wave action, carrying and depositing material along the coast. The process is known as longshore drift.

Padre Island

F

G

H

I

J

Salt dome

m Oil deposits are found beneath much of Texas. They collect as oil migrates upwards through porous layers of rock until it is trapped, either by a cap of rock above a salt dome, or by a fault line which exposes impermeable rock through which the oil cannot rise. K

nyon

Sanderson

ra

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Terlingua

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Ma

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Redford

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Stockton Plateau

Marathon

n

Sa

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Shafter

Crane

Grandfalls Imperial McCamey Girvin

aw

Saragosa

Valentine

The Guadalupe Mountains lie in the southern Rocky Mountains. They incorporate Guadalupe Peak, the highest in Texas, rising 8749 ft (2667 m).

Odessa

Pecos

Balmorhea

Mount Livermore 2554m

ta ti in s

The Red River flows for 1300 miles (2090 km), marking most of the northern border of Texas. A dam and reservoir along its course provide vital irrigation and hydro-electric power to the surrounding area.

D

raw Toyah

Candelaria Ruidosa

Penwell

MentoWink ne Wickett

Coyano s

de

40 m Cap Rock Escarpment juts out from the plains, running 200 miles (320 km) from north to south. Its height varies from 300 ft (90 m) rising to sheer cliffs up to 1000 ft (300 m).

r

G

M Ap ou ac nta he ins Van Horn Kent ns

an

Midland

Barstow

tai

Ri o

Gr

oun

Sierra Blanca

ito Cree k

i

ns

McNary 2100m Sierra Blanca Esperanza

Goldsmith Kermit

S

Fort Hancock

M

ive

Salt Flat

ta

Clint Fabens Tornillo

R

San Elizario

M are y law De k c R i oe r r a D i a b l o

MEXICO

Guadalupe Mountains Red Bluff Reservo ir P Guadalupe Peak e Orla Salt Basin 2667m

Dell City

c os

El Paso

Andrews

Sal

El Paso

M usta ng Dra w

Alam

Canutillo

Houston

un Hueco Mo

12

t

Brownfield

ngs Denver City Wellman Dra Seagraves Welch Cedar Lake Seminole

W

iana

Austin

The Llano Estacado or Staked Plain in northern Texas is known for its harsh environment. In the north, freezing winds carrying ice and snow sweep down from the Rocky Mountains, and to the south, sandstorms frequently blow up, scouring anything in their paths. Flash floods, in the wide, flat river beds that remain dry for most of the year, are another hazard.

11

Ropesville

ur Sundown Dr aw Meadow

E

N

The landscape

10

ph

w

uis

Te x a s

Texas is made up of a series of massive steps descending from the mountains and high plains of the west and northwest to the coastal lowlands in the southeast. Many of the state’s borders are delineated by water. The Rio Grande flows from the Rocky Mountains to the Gulf of Mexico, marking the border with Mexico.

ul

E

Lo

9

Littlefield Anton

Sulphu

San Antonio

m The huge cattle ranches of Texas developed during the 19th century when land was plentiful and could be acquired cheaply. Today, more cattle and sheep are raised in Texas than in any other state.

Draw

Whiteface Levelland

L Plains

Arkansas Dallas

New Mexico

8

at er

Morton

S

Population density

100

90

gW

l

0

major towns

Oklahoma

El Paso

nin

Springlake Muleshoe Earth Olton Sudan Amherst

rural 20%

Amarillo

7

Dimmitt Run

Farwell

Enochs

pasture cropland forest barren 6

Friona

Bovina

The urban/rural population divide

Land use and agricultural distribution

Vega Wildorado

I

m Dallas was founded in 1841 as a prairie trading post and its development was stimulated by the arrival of railroads. Cotton and then oil funded the town’s early growth. Today, the modern, high-rise skyline of Dallas reflects the city’s position as a leading centre of banking, insurance and the petroleum industry in the southwest. 36

Cotton production and livestock-raising, particularly cattle, dominate farming, although crop failures and the demands of local markets have led to some diversification. Following the introduction of modern farming techniques, cotton production spread out from the east to the plains of western Texas. Cattle ranches are widespread, while sheep and goats are raised on the dry Edwards Plateau.

5

H i g h

Adrian

R io

4

n Ri ve r

a

Using the land

Channing adia C an

E

3

C

First explored by Spaniards moving north from Mexico in search of gold, Texas was controlled by Spain and then Mexico, before becoming an independent republic in 1836, and joining the Union of States in 1845. During the 19th century, many of the migrants who came to Texas raised cattle on the abundant land; in the 20th century, they were joined by prospectors attracted by the promise of oil riches. Today, although natural resources, especially oil, still form the basis of its wealth, the diversified Texan economy includes thriving hi-tech and finance industries. The major urban centres, home to 80% of the population, lie in the south and east, and include Houston, the ‘oil-city’, and Dallas– Fort Worth. Hispanic influences remain strong, especially in the south and west.

M

1

o

A

L

M

NORTH AMERICA: USA – TEXAS

26 R

d w ater

Pa

lo

Spearman

Morse Pringle

Dumas

Stinnett

Lipscomb Higgins

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W

X

Y

Miami

K

kR

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Dallas

Fort Worth

El Paso

Te x a s Austin

A

d

H

26

San Antonio

Corpus Christi

293,509 miles (496,614 km)

3229 miles (5166 km)

10,681 miles (17,089 km)

845 miles (1359 km)

3

The sheer size of Texas promoted the development of an extensive road and rail network. The highway system, although welldeveloped, is concentrated in the east.

A

M

2

The transport network

MEXICO

O

major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

Houston

L

o E s c a r p m e n t

New Mexico

1

mining oil textiles

chemicals defence engineering finance food processing gas hi-tech industry

Arkansas

iana

Phillips Briscoe Pampa Mobeetie Skellytown Lake Meredith Lefors Wheeler White Deer North Fo r Panhandle M d Riv e r Amarillo Conway c C l el lan e e k McLean Cr Shamrock Alanreed Bushland Groom Claude o F r t k l Sa Red Canyon Goodnight Ri ver Clarendon Buffalo Lake Hedley Wellington Lelia Lake Happy Dodson Memphis Lakeview Nazareth Estelline Silverton Tulia Childress Hart Turkey Carey Kress Quanah Odell Tell Quitaque

P l a i n s

Oklahoma

Industry in the 20th century was largely concentrated on the processing of local raw materials, especially oil – deposits were discovered under 65% of the state’s area. The technological demands of the oil industry and defence-related institutions, particularly NASA, have stimulated the development of numerous electronics and hi-tech firms which, alongside many national corporate headquarters, are based in Dallas– Fort Worth and Houston.

Canadian

Major industry and infrastructure

Amarillo

uis

Borger

Transport and industry

Fritch

Plainview

V

Lo

Sanford

Ca

W ol f C re ek

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U

Cr

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Booker Follett Perryton Darrouzett

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Col

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4

Pease Chillicothe Oklaunion Ri Burkburnett Vernon ver d River Electra Re Margaret Harrold Crowell r Cree Park Petrolia e Iowa v a k Paducah e No Wichita Falls Roaring Springs River rth W Telephone W Henrietta ta ichita R Nocona hi Abernathy ive Denison Wic r Holliday Ringgold Paris Blossom Truscott Jo Clarksville Saint Dundee Whitesboro Shallowater Ralls McAdoo 26 Muenster Detroit Avery Lake Arrowhead Bells Bonham Honey Grove W i c h i t a i v e r Lake Kemp c hi t a Ri v er i h t De Kalb R W Guthrie Deport Scotland Nash Gainesville Sherman Sou Montague on tle Roxt t Idalou Lorenzo Crosbyton i Bellevue L ata Bog Lake ht ton ewrig Bos Whit New Bowie Dickens Howe Texarkana Benjamin Seymour Archer City Windthorst hur Lubbock Valley View Ray Roberts Van Alstyne Wolfe City Cooper Talco Sulp Rive Wright Patman Goree Spur Tioga Slaton W es t F or k Tr i Sunset Sanger Lake Knox City ak C reek n it White Munday Megargel O Point Pilot Olney Anna ard y Leon e e Commerc Ri Lake Wilson River Alvord Whit Mount Pleasant v Bridgeport Queen City Girard Naples Celina McKinney Rochester Lake Decatur Krum Southland Elbert Mount Vernon Jacksboro Jayton Atlanta Winfield Farmersville Denton Newcastle Post d Tahoka rfiel ort nge ngs e Haskell Bridgep Dai Rule Greenvill Sulphur Spri Clairemont Lake Lake Dallas Allen Linden Bryson nsboro Lake Throckmorton Aspermont Lewisville Lewisville hes Springs Plano Royse City Lone Oak Pickton Win Stamford razos Graham Justiceburg Poolville Pittsburg Huge ouble Woodson D Boyd B Perrin Fork Lak Lake lan O'donnell Quin Mo Eagle Richardson Carrollton r Graford un Lake South Bend Reservoir O' the os Rive Mountain Grapevine tai and Rockwall Jefferson raz Stamford Possum Fluvanna Tawakoni Lake Dallas-Fort Worth Garl n Fork B Quitman Ore City Pines Hubbard Eliasville Kingdom Whitt Alba Caddo ell g Terr Irvin Gilmer Creek rford wood e Rotan Hamlin Lueders Weathe Edge Salin d Lake Big Lake Gran Breckenridge Lake Anson Mineral Roby Grand Prairie Forney Lamesa Mineola Sandy rshall Snyder Ma ter ewa Worth Glad Albany Wells B Fort Sylvester on Cant gton Caddo Arlin r az C olorado R Hermleigh Hawley Van Lindale Lancaster Kaufman Hallsville Santo Patricia o iver Longworth S Strawn skom w a Wa gvie ona on b i n e Lon Win Burles Lake J B Midlothian Moran Kemp Lipan Palmer Thomas Vincent Sweetwater Merkel Abilene Ackerly De Berry Kilgore R i v e r Joshua Tatum Tyler Ranger Gordon Mabank do e y Alvara hachi Granbur Waxa Loraine Baird Cisco Cedar Chandler Roscoe Beckville Knott Lake Eastland rton k ne Ove Cree Clyde Clebur Dale Bluff Colorado City Coahoma Ennis Tyler Putnam Carthage Reservoir Athens Nolan Stephenville Troup Lake Gorman Henderson Tuscola Cottonwood Kerens Maryneal Itasca Italy Big Spring Malakoff Blum stine 22 Pale y Gar d Milfor Joaquin De Leon Walnut Springs Cross Plains Forsan Frankston Bradshaw Rising Star Blackwell Lawn Jacksonville Mountise Stanton Frost Blooming Corsicana Tenaha Toledo Hillsboro Enterpr A Morgan Dublin Proctor n Burkett Cayuga Novice pso Grove Richland Tim Bend Hico E V Spence Proctor Center Lake Whitney May Lake Neches Cushing Garrison Winters Brownwood Reservoir Meridian Reservoir Rusk Robert Lee Hubbard Streetman Gustine Cranfills Whitney Lake Comanche Garden City Appleby ville s lby ham She Wort Bronte tine Sterling City Pales Aquilla West Coolidge Gap Coleman Blanket Alto No Talpa e Fairfield Mexia rth Elkhart Brownwood Hamilton Clifton Ballinger Nacogdoches San Augustine Co iv Bangs Valley Mills Bellmead Teague nc Priddy e ood Oakw r d o C elan ren Miles h Chi Grap o l or oR Midkiff Mullin ad Waco Mart Groesbeck Wells Sam Rayburn Bronson Crawford ive oR Paint Rock Latexo Hemphill r yo oir Evant iv Gatesville McGregor iver Rockwood Buffalo Star Thornton Lufkin ReservBro Kennard u er addus eland ddle Concho River O C Fisher Lake i Lake Pin kett San Angelo Croc M e Goldthwait tt Mercury Jewe ton Millersview Apple Springs Diboll Hunting Bruceville Marlin Limestone Knickerbocker Moody Twin Buttes Springs Kosse Centerville Adamsville Belton Brookeland Texon Best Lohn Richland Zavalla Leona Austonio Reservoir Bremond San Saba Lometa Troy Lake Melvin Mertzon Lott Big Lake Groveton Rankin Lovelady Rochelle Cove Killeen as Eden Brady Cr Copper n Corriga Temple Christoval eek Burkeville Normangee Weldon Franklin Lampasas L Brady Chester mesneil Jasper Barnhart Rosebud a m Kempner Col Newton Camden Madisonville Trinity Belton pa rt Calve e cett r Salado Dou Voca on s Roganville as R Cherokee ive Lake Livingst Menard Iraan North Zulch Hearne i v e r Holland Rogers Buckholts Camp San Saba Bon Wier ba R Riverside San Sa Woodville ton Bartlett Litt ngs Kirbyville ron Briggs Livi Came Pontotoc Lake Buchanan le e Florenc Burnet Eldorado River Bryan Fort McKavett Huntsville Sheffield Bertram Granger Mason Llano Goodrich Milano Coldspring London Llano Rockdale Ozona Warren Buchanan Dam R iv er College Station Georgetown B r a New Waverly Shepherd Leander zo Buna Marble Falls Thorndale Anderson Hutto Kountze Taylor C Travis is Lake Will olo sota bee Sonora Roosevelt Nava Sils Junction Round Mountain Round Rock ra Lexington Cleveland Lake Conroe Saratoga Mauriceville Manor Elgin Somerville r Courtney Conroe Splendora ive Ri Washington Lake Vidor Orange McDade Harper Fredericksburg ed e r na l e s R Magnolia ver Daisetta Sour ds rville lan Some od P Wo e Pe Th Johnson City Giddings Beaumont Brenham Prairie View Lake co Dayton Mountain Home Port Neches Pandale Juno Dripping Bastrop Houston Spring Carmine Hempstead Nederland Blanco Springs Buda Cedar Groves Kerrville ble Hum Ingram Smithville Creek Kyle Port Arthur Bellville Rocksprings Mont Belvieu Winnie Dale Comfort Waring c hua Ana Pumpville e Grang l La Stowel vi San Marcos Lockhart Center Point Gu ada l upe ls Fayetteville Sealy Brookshire River Carta Baytown R Langtry Canyon Cistern Martindale Valley na ade Medina ar mbus Pas Colu Weim Lake ia Hunter Flaton Barksdale Leakey Boerne High Island Waelder Wallis Sugar Land Missouri City Galveston New Braunfels Camp Luling Schulenburg Bandera Comstock Eagle Lake Pearland Bay Wood Richmond Moulton t Schertz Seguin d City Islan ue B gue Rock n Lea Utopia East Bernard Rosenberg Alvin ce a l c Gonzales Bolivar Peninsula Amistad sR ones Escarpme Garwood Hallettsville San Antonio ive Reservoir Port Bolivar Texas City Glen Flora r Concan lo r r Shine le Leesvil Del Rio Sweet Home Galveston Castroville ad o Wharton Hondo La Vernia Danbury R Brackettville Nixon Smiley Yoakum Knippal Sabinal on Island vest Gal a Saspamco n mbi leto Colu t po Ang Wes El Cam Stockdale Natalia Me son Cline Jack Lake Uvalde d Louise Sweeny Devine Floresville Cuero Spofford Danevang Clute Lav Gu Ganado Poteet a ad Moore Bay City Poth Yorktown eport Edna ay Fre Quemado aston Batesville Markham Lake Texana w La Pryor Falls City Pleasanton r Nordheim pe Thom e Nursery Blessing at Runge Jourdanton r Pearsall W l a ria Victo st 64 Karnes City Kenedy Charlotte L eona R Vanderbilt Palacios tracoa Charco Fannin i ve r In Christine Matagorda Point Comfort Sa Eagle Pass Goliad n Dilley Crystal City A Lavaca er Bloomington Portca r io Pettus n t o n i o R i v e r Lava Matagorda R Big Wells Choke Canyon Mineral Matagorda Peninsula Berclair Bay Bay Lake Millett Carrizo Springs Port O’Connor Three Rivers Cotulla Tivoli ift e Fowlerton Beevill Seadr Tilden San Catarina George West Refugio Skidmore Woodsboro Antonio Bay Artesia Wells Matagorda Island Lake Corpus Copano ece Christi Mathis Bay Aransas s Rive Sinton Encinal 40 Rockport Bay San Jose Island Sandia Odem Taft Seven Sisters es Aransas Pass Orange Grove R i v e PortlandIngles ide r Population Freer Robstown s Port Aransas Corpu San Diego Alice i Mustang Island Christ 1 million to 5 million ti nd Chris us Corp Bay e ll 500,000 to 1 million Bishop Drisco Benavides Chapman Ranch Kingsville Laredo 100,000 to 500,000 Flomot

ARK

Whiteflat Matador

B

a

Lockney Aiken Floydada Petersburg

c

Hale Center

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Austin

8

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Dallas

X

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5

AS

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Sabi na l River

Wes

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San Antonio

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Houston

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11

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Map key

c

Gr

u

R io

14

G

a

E

Realitos

Premont

Lo

sO

m

Falfurrias

San Ygnacio Agua Nueva

Norias

X

Santa Elena

Lopeno

Linn

Salineno

m The Texas hill country is the most southerly extension of the Great Plains. Although farming is the primary source of income, the beautiful hills, valleys and lakes are a major tourist attraction. N

O

P

I

Rio Grande City

Raymondville

Edinburg Elsa Edcouch Rio Hondo Grulla Mission Pharr Weslaco Harlingen McAllen Donna Mercedes San Benito Port Isabel

40 Q

Hargill Lyford

San Perlita

C

Los Fresnos

Brownsville

O

15

10,000 to 50,000 below 10,000

m Padre Island is a sand bank. It extends 113 miles (182 km) along the southern coast of Texas.

Armstrong

Guerra

Falcon Reservoir Roma Los Saenz

Encino

50,000 to 100,000 Riviera y Baffin Ba Sarita

d Islan Padre re Mad Laguna

Zapata

o s Creek

l

Mirando City Hebbronville

Elevation 2000m / 6562ft

Km

0

0

20

10 10

Miles

40 20

60

80

500m / 1640ft 100 60

40

250m / 820ft 80

100m / 328ft

100

W

17

sea level

projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

V

16

1000m / 3281ft

Scale 1:3,250,000

X

Y

Z

25

NORTH AMERICA A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

USA: SOUTH MIDWESTERN STATES

1

28

4

ado

no

Color

is

b li

pu

Leoti

Scott City

Johnson

Lake McKinne y Gard en City

pi sip

Beav

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R iv

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Liberal

Ci

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R

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Guymon

B e av

Goodwell

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Buffalo

Elmwood

C hi k a Ri v

Waynoka

Cleo Springs

Woodward

an

n

ad

er

i an

O K

Ri

Okarche

s Sayre Erick

below 10,000

Burns Flat

No r t h

10,000 to 50,000

Fo

rk Re

dR

Binger Minco Cordell Tuttle Fort Cobb Reservoir Wa shita Rive r Carnegie Anadarko

Hobart Altus Lake

Mount Scott 751m

ive r

Mangum S a l t Fo r k R e d R i v e r

500m / 1640ft 250m / 820ft

Wichita Mountains

Tom Steed Reservoir Altus

Hollis

Eldorado

Snyder Cache

Re d ve r Ri

100m / 328ft sea level

Chickasha

Apache Lake Ellsworth Rush Springs Elgin Marlow

Lawton

Duncan

Walters Comanche

Frederick

Davidson

Grandfield Waurika Lake Waurika

24 Terral

The Ozark Plateau is a wooded, hilly region of rivers and narrow, winding lakes. The Lake of the Ozarks was created by the damming of the Osage River in 1930.

Scale 1:3,000,000 Km

0 5 10

Crowleys Ridge is a long, sandy ridge, rising from the Mississippi flood plain. It was formed over thousands of years by the deposition of sand blown eastwards from the Great Plains.

0

5

Miles

20 10

30 20

40 50 30

60

70

40

50

60

70

projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

Underground water reserves NE CO

16 NM

 Lake Ouachita, in Arkansas is one of a number of irregularlyshaped lakes found among the ridges of the Ouachita Mountains.

Extent of the aquifer

WY

KS

MO

OK

AR

Kansas Red River

Oklahoma

TX

m The Ogallala Aquifer, beneath the Great Plains, is the largest known source of underground water in the world. There is concern about the rapid depletion of this finite water supply by irrigation schemes.

17

A

26

B

C

Devil’s Den is a dry badland area. The rugged landscape, strewn with large boulders, is the eroded remnant of a spur extending from the Arbuckle mountains to the west.

D

E

Ouachita Mountains

F

m The landscape of northeast Kansas is interlaced by rivers which have cut broad wooded valleys through the gentle hills. All the rivers in Kansas form part of the massive Missouri/Mississippi drainage basin.

Mississippi River

G

k

er Ri v

hC

a di a

t Nor

an

n

Kingfisher Watonga

Clinton Weatherford El Reno Hinton

Elk City

50,000 to 100,000

1000m / 3281ft

The Great Salt Plains of northern Oklahoma cover 45 sq mile (116 sq km). The arid, white flats were left by the gradual evaporation of an ancient salt lake.

Ri v

Thomas ve Hammon Foss Reservoir Geary r Arapaho

100,000 to 500,000

Elevation

Missouri River

e Cre

on rr

i

Washita R

Cheyenne

Enid

Fairview Seiling Canton Lake Okeene C Hennessey Taloga Canton

Shattuck Arnett

Leedey

m The Mississippi, North America’s longest river, is joined by the Missouri, its main tributary, on a flood plain which spreads south to the Gulf of Mexico.

a

ey

Cim

k Tur

C

k re e

Vici

The Arkansas River and its tributaries allow access to over half of the USA’s navigable inland waterways. A system of locks and dams along the river provides Tulsa in Oklahoma with a navigable water route to the Gulf of Mexico.

H

er

Great Salt Plains Lake

Alva Cherokee

a

Wolf

Population

s k i a Ri v

Medicine e r Lodge Harper

Anthony

Fort Supply

r

1994 miles (3208 km)

Kingman

Pratt

Kiowa e r Rive r

iv e

16,185 miles (25,896 km)

Hutchinson South Hutchinson

Cheney Reservoir

Laverne

Map key

Lyons Sterling

Stafford

Forgan

Hooker Beaver Optima Lake

Kanopolis Lake

Ellinwood

r

M l l s e di c in e Lod Hi ge

24 4068 miles (6508 km)

Flint Hills is the region’s easternmost major escarpment. Steep, grassy uplands are interspersed with rocky, wooded ravines and outcrops of limestone and chert.

ive sR

r

T E X A S

Most of the region consists of high, treeless plains, which gradually descend east from the Rocky Mountains. Drainage follows this slope, with rivers flowing towards the alluvial lowlands of the Mississippi in the southeast. Between the plains and the lowlands lie various ranges of wooded hills, including the deeply incised Ozark Plateau.

a ns ka Ar

Saint John

Fort Supply Lake

380,307 miles (608,491 km)

N

Greensburg

Minneola

R ar

La Crosse

Larned

Bucklin

Big Basin

A

Hoisington Walnut Creek Cheyenne Bottoms Great Bend

Dodge City

Hugoton

Smoky Hill River Ellsworth

Kinsley

r

The transport network

S a li n e R i ve r

Jetmore Cimarron

Lincoln

Russell Wilson Lake

K

Ness City

Ulysses

Keyes

Boise City

Mis

sis

Dighton

36

major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

Collapsed limestone caverns led to the formation of Big Basin in Kansas; a depression 100 ft (33 m) deep and 1 mile (1.6 km) wide.

Cedar Bluff Reservoir

Pawn

Syracuse Lakin Arka n sas Riv er

Hil ls

Luray

Hays

y Hi l l R i v e r

Ladder Creek

Tribune

r Elkhart

The landscape

15

Sm ok

Texhoma

 Agricultural produce from the plains is moved by barges along the Mississippi. The river now carries a far greater tonnage of freight than any other waterway system in the USA.

14

Sharon Springs

Black Mesa on D r y Ci m a r r 1516m

oil vehicle manufacture

aerospace engineering finance food processing gas mining

13

e

O A D Ri

o

Louisiana

Major industry and infrastructure

Rive r

Wa Keeney Ellis

Sublette Satanta Meade ve

NEW MEXICO

S alin e

Oakley

l

Te x a s

8

12

Mount Sunflower 1231m

36

Tennessee

Arkansas Little Rock

11

Colby

Goodland

Montezuma

y Kentuck

Tulsa Oklahoma City

10

ve r

Norton

Oberlin

ek Cre

P

New Mexic

Missouri

Oklahoma

9

cis

Kansas

Wichita

Lovewell Reservoir Mankato Keith Sebelius Phillipsburg Cr e e k Lake Logan Kensington Smith Center Dog i r r i ive Kirwin Fo r k S o l o m o n R P ra Waconda No r t h Reservoir Downs Lake Stockton Beloit Osborne Hoxie S ol o m S o l o m o n Ri v e r th For k Ri v e o n Hill City Sou r Smoky Plainville

Atwood

ReSaint Fran

t

li

7

or k

a

Il

6

S

F o ut h

e

The processing of agricultural products, such as brewing and meat packing, has been traditionally important in these states. In Kansas and Oklahoma, diversified manufacturing now supplements income from fossil fuels; Wichita has become a world centre for aeronautical Iowa Nebraska engineering, an industry which also employs many people in Kansas Topeka City Saint Louis neighbouring Missouri.

N E B R

r

r

Transport and industry

5

ve

B ea

C O L O R

3

n

Ri

G

The expansion of the USA focused on this region in the mid-19th century. Settlers spread from the confluence of the Missouri and Mississippi rivers up onto the Great Plains. This treeless expanse, which early explorers had called the ‘Great American Desert’, was turned into one of the world’s richest agricultural regions; but periodic droughts, coupled with over-intensive farming, led to the ‘Dustbowl’ soil erosion crisis of the 1930s, the abandonment of many farms, and a mass exodus to the west coast. The land has since recovered, although the mechanization of agriculture has led to a decline in the rural population. In recent years, suburban residential development has spread rapidly across the wooded Ozark Plateau in the east of the region.

ca

Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma

I

J

K

L

M

N O R T H A M E R I C A : U S A – S O U T H M I D W E S T E R N S TAT E S O

P

Q

R

S

Unionville

Princeton

No

Green City

sR iv e r Kahoka

r th F ab

i

Edina Monticello

Canton

us

sville

Ri

Milan

Memphis Queen City

Y

 Gateway Arch, in Saint Louis, Missouri, is 634 ft (192 m) high. The huge steel arch symbolizes the city’s historic role as the ‘gateway to the West’.

e

Bethany Albany Stanberr y

X

o in sM

Maryville

W

De

Grant City

Burlington Junction

om

Nodaway River

V

Lancaster

Th

A

A S K

U

I O W A

28 Tarkio Rock Port

T

Nelsoon River

N

1

Creek

C h ar ito n R ive r

ve r

I

Ri

wa ela

P l at t e R i v

ve

S

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Locust

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iv e r

B lu

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Kirk So Mound City La Grange ut Trenton hF King City Pattonsburg a b ri iu s Ri Oregon Savannah Rive r Gallatin ve r Linneus Sabetha Shelbyville Palmyra e Maysvill Seneca Hiawatha othe Chillic field Brook Belleville Troy Saint Joseph Shelbina Hannibal Gran Marysville Hamilton Bucklin Macon r d Washington Elwood Stewartsville River D Frankfort eline Thomas Hill Monroe City Marc n Kingsto Waterville New London Horton alt Blue Rapids Concordia Reservoir rg Plattsbu Atchison Clyde Paris in Mark Twa Louisiana Mis Lathrop Keytesville Huntsville si s Holton Dearborn Brunswick Lake s ip Moberly Tuttle Creek Lawson Bowling Green bury Salis Platte City Nortonville Glasco Excelsior Springs n Clay Center Lake Westmoreland llton dalia Carro Van Ri Kansas City Sturgeon Perry Leavenworth Riley Richmond v Slater Glasgow Liberty Miltonvale er Elsberr y Lake Wamego Lansing Centralia Saint Marys Oskaloosa Gladstone Fayette Mexico Wakefield Manhattan ly Kansas City Kansa Cu hall tonWaver Mars Lexing v i e R r City s s a Minneapolis Milford s iv r Silver Lake Tonganoxie Kan Montgomery City Lake Independence Higginsville ater Ri Bonner Springs Troy Riv e r Saint Boonville ver Junction City w Springs Blue k Alma Topeka c arles Overland Park a n rdia Raytow Conco O'Fallon Ch Solomon Abilene ia Lenexa umb r Col Sweet Florissant is Lawrence e t Summi Lees v Leawood i ton Eudora rren Wa Springs Lambert-Saint Lou on ville lR ntz Fult l We and i iew Ashl Grandv H Clinton Lake r Olathe Noste Knob y r n e Salina Sm ok y v Cit i man ty R Her Hill 30 Pleasant ri Carbondale Universi Saint Louis Edgerton Belton Holts Sedalia i s s ou Clayton Council Grove Lake Warrensburg Baldwin City California Summit M New Haven Kirkwood Webster Groves Herington Holden Spring Hill Council Grove n City Lyndon n Tipto nville rson gto Harriso Jeffe Washin Ottawa Lindsborg Windsor Cole Arnold Garden City os Osage City Paola Union ho Pacific Ri Linn Camp Osawatomie Gerald ve Melvern Lake r r Marion Lake Pevely Owensville Stover Versailles McPherson iv e Clinton Adrian se R Lincoln Festus Hillsboro e Eldon Marion Cottonwood Emporia Lebo beu Hillsboro Belle s ag sC am ur Sullivan stal Butler r Cry O o e yg n B Falls an na Trum Florence Garnett S y Vien M w Harry Redmond Cit John Warsa e sR Little A Pleasanton i ve Appleton Reser voir Reservoir r Osage Beach Burlington r Riv kan Hesston r e Mound City City Lake of the Peabody er Madison Cuba Sainte Geneviev Le Roy Ozarks O s ag Dixon Bonne Terre Rich Hill Potosi Camdenton e Rive r Osceola Halstead Newton Desloge e Li t t l e O lvill itage Stee Herm la Rol Mi Ark s ag El Dorado Flat River e Rive r s Iola Moran El Dorado Pomme de Richland Rivansa Farmington Springs Yates Center e s Valley Center Lake Terre Lake Waynesville Bismarck ille ryv Haven r Eureka Per Nevada Scott El Dorado Fort nsville Huma Park City Toronto Lake Humboldt Wichita Salem Fredericktown e Andover Lebanon Ironton Stockton rs Buffalo Goddard Chanute Fall River Lake Taum Sauk Ho i an r Boliva N Augusta Ne Mountain Nin Haysville Licking Liberal Stockton Lake kR os nes Arma 540m or Derby h c ah Fredonia Jackson Lamar Centerville Girard eF Ri v Cape Girardeau Mulvane er Howard Marble Hill Greenfield t Fr an co i s e Grov ain Fair S ston Hou Pittsburg Neodesha Illmo Conway Golden City on Moline st Marshfield Ellingt Scott City Parsons Willard or Springs Burden Jasper Rive r Hartville Chaffee Ash Grove arwater ont Cle dm Pie nton Carl Cherryvale Strafford Be ce Elk City Lake Eminen Advance Lake Wellington Junction Carthage ppapello Cabool Independence Oswego Springfield Winfield Spr ing River Republic Mo un ta in s Wa e Lak Sedan n Altamont ac Cedar Vale Columbus Galena Webb City Battlefield Seymour Mountai Winona Mount kR Charleston Grove Ozark Caldwell Joplin Bloomfield Sikeston Coffeyville Chetopa Van Buren Sarcoxie Vernon Nixa ive Arkansas City Willow Mountain View Caney r Baxter Springs ouse Ava reh Marionville Mo Springs Aurora Commerce Picher Dexter East Prairie Granby Monett Newkirk Poplar Bluff Welch Miami Bernie Neosho West Plains Purdy d Medford n Alto Blackwell Seneca Lilbourn New Madri Kaw Lake Bartlesville Dewey Galena Forsy th Malden Nowata Lamont Ponca City Doniphan le Cassville Gainesvil Anderson Branson Afton Campbell Oologah Pawhuska Gideon Pond Salt Fork Tonkawa Pineville Hollister Thayer Lake Arka Grove Barnsdall Creek Portageville Vinita n s a s Ri v e r Seligman Table Rock Lake Fairfax ng Chelsea rni Co t Grand Lake O’ Noel Piggot Nor fork Lake Skiatook Ar The Cherokees m Garber Sale Hayti Rector Hardy k a n s a s Hominy Lake Skiatook Berryville Bull Shoals Bl a c k B Pocahontas Rive Jay sville Riv Lake Lake Rogers Eureka e a r Cre e k Mountain Home Collinsville Kennett Caruther he Bentonville er r in Springs Green Hudson Kansas er n Cac Ash Flat Cleveland Harrison Cott ode Imb Claremore g ath Gentry r Rive Sen Pryor Pawnee Forest Lake r Perry Beave Turley Owasso Yellville Steele Locust Grove Walnut Ridge Springdale Calico Rock Keystone Lake Catoosa Paragould Hoxie Siloam ve r Stillwater iver Chouteau Gosnell Tulsa chville Ri bourne Mel Lea R ville ville r Hunts Fayette s n Springs e Springs Sand Gibson o Fort v Broken ite theville arr Jasper Bu f fal o Ri Monette Cave City a Bly Lake nil Arrow Ma R Cim Cushing Sapulpa ive Marshall Prairie Grove r Jenks Bixby Coweta Wagoner Lake City oro Perkins esb Drumright Jon Fork West View n Mountai Guthrie Tahlequah Osceola Batesville Mounds Bristow Trumann Haskell Stilwell Tuckerman D e v il's s t o o Stroud B Fort Gibson n anto y Lep Ferr M Greers ou Harrisburg rked Tree Muskogee Tenkiller Ferry D e n nt Newport Lake Ma Chandler Edmond a ton Clin r Lake ngs e in Wellston Heber Spri D e e p F k Ri v The Village Little R or Okmulgee s Bradford Vian Sallisaw Clarksville Checotah Bethany Choctaw Prague Turrell Ozark Alma Midwest Henryetta Muldrow Warner Okemah Yukon Buren McLoud Van r City ve No Bald Knob Marion r t h C a n a di an Ri Fort Smith Oklahoma City Shawnee le ia Ear Robert S Kerr son 20 Arkoma Jud Lake Russellville Augusta McCrory Moore Barling Charleston Paris Reservoir rcy his nne Sea Tecumseh mp Eufaula Wy e Me anell st Lake Spiro Dard We Newcastle Wetumka Pocola Greenwood erville Plum s e Seminole Atkin anell Dard Stigler Thunderbird er Norman Wewoka Riv Magazine Eufaula Lake n Conway Arkansa an s RivMorrilto Mountain 839m Noble Booneville Lake Conway Beebe Forrest City di e Quinton r Holdenville a e yvill Perr Hughes Danville Ola n Mansfield Poteau Purcell Lexington Cabot Des Arc Ca Konawa Hartford e e Ri v e r ey mell v nkl Mau Bri a Lake McAlester Krebs Waldron LaF Jacksonville Heavener e Lindsay Maumelle Marianna rc h Wilburton Mud Fou Stratford dy North Lonoke Carlisle Hartshorne k Roc e B Littl Ada rendon Cla k hita Roc Ouac le Lake Lake Litt Pauls Valley Sardis Kiowa Talihina Marvell West Helena Hot Springs Village Blue Mountain Wynnewood Rich Mountain Helena 799m England Mountain Pine Clayton 817m s n i a t Mena n u ton o Ben er M eek McGee Coalgate r rt r Ida t C i v ttga Moun e v Stu e i s h er h or iv Ca Hot Springs Creek Lake R ami c Sulphur e Wild ArbDavis Atoka Lake ddo iR Mounuckle Ki Altheimer Lake Hamilton Mo u 22 tain vern Mal t ood Wit n Glenw De Atoka t ain s s De Gray Pine Bluff ar Sheridan Broken Bow Arka ita Amity Lake Bo White Hall o n s Healdton gg R i v e r Tishomingo Lake as R Sa yC li n Lake Greeson ive Gillett reek Antlers e Arkadelphia Lake Pine Creek r Dickson Ringling Lone Lake Texoma Ardmore Dierks ro Caddo eesbo Murfr Grove Ba Hugo Lake Wright City Madill Li t t yo City Queen De Star n l e Miss o u Riso Hugo Broken Bow B Dumas Durant Lockesburg Land use and Nashville Marietta ive Gurdon Litt Fordyce River r l d e e agricultural distribution Idabel Colbert R Millwood Lake ive Prescott r Bearden McGehee cattle Arkansas Monticello Ashdown City poultry Warren Hope Red River Hampton Dermott Camden cereals corn (maize) ens Smackover Steph cotton Lake Village Lake Chicot Texarkana Stamps Waldo Ou e fodder in Montrose Lewisville a ch Magnolia al burg Ham i S t a rice R ive Fouke 24 r North Crossett soya beans ado Dor El ora Eud t sset g Erlin Cro Lake Bradley Strong major towns

L

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ub

Soldie

p Re

3

pi

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R i ve

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li c

r

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Bl

N

O

M I S S O U R I r

Ri

ve

ec

Ri

ai s

5

S

ve r

I

S

Mar

A

Ne

S

4

Bi g R

de

ive

r

er

er

SE

ge

NN

ive r

Cache

I

IS

Ri

olo

me

Rive r

MI

w

SS

th

Total land area

54 people per sq mile (21 people per sq km)

271,436 sq miles (702,992 sq km)

Colorado

o 100

Tulsa

Oklahoma Oklahoma City

Arkansas Little Rock

T e x a s

Louisiana

S

T

U

16

y Kentuck

Tennessee

pi

Population density

90

Missouri

Wichita

ssip

80

New Mexic

70

Kansas

is

R

60

Saint Louis

Topeka

no

Q

50

Kansas City

li

P

rural 35%

Il

O

urban 65%

40

15

Iowa

V

W

X

Y

17

Missi

iR

ar

iver i ta R ac h

ve r

Ou

ur

R

N

The urban/rural population divide

30

14

Nebraska

22

20

13

pasture cropland forest

L O U I S I A N A

10

12

SI

pp

ssi

t Me

e

Miss i

ou

Cl

Kiam

B ay

r

i ch

i

Ri

Ri v

h

Using the land

0

11

PP

e hit

Creek

W

gy

B lu e

s Wa

A S

m A combine harvester works the land on the great plains. A hundred years ago this region, also known as the prairies – the French word for pasture – was covered with tall, wild grasses.

10

TE

nci

int

Sa

River

River

Fra

ed

L' A ng u i l

sR

l e R i ve r

Bl a

Crowleys

ck

Ri v

I l li

er

ES

Rid

i

no

h

og

M o u n t a i n s

The problems of a harsh continental climate, with severe winters and hot, dry summers, are partially offset by the rich soils of the plains. Kansas is a major cereal producer, ranking first in the USA for the production of wheat and sorghum. Rainfall increases towards the east, favouring the cultivation of soya beans, cotton and rice, with corn concentrated in Missouri. Huge herds of cattle are raised in Oklahoma, Kansas and Missouri.

E

r

Riv

Lit tl

eR

t Poin

Sp

W

A R K A N S A S

c h i t a O u a

Y

KE

NT

ranci s nt F r S ai Ri v e

Ri v

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er

K L A H O M A

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UCK

ive

r

gu

ag

Bl

eek

nt r re Cu

t Cr Br y a n

ive r

y Riv

O

20

ive

eek

Cr

Os

er

u

a

Ca

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Riv

eek

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pi

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k

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Bi g P in e

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s sa

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6

Z

27

NORTH AMERICA A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

USA: UPPER PLAINS STATES

C Fortuna

L ittl e M ud dy R

G

Montan

Creek ree

B

Ch

err

Crawford

n

a

la

d

n

Wh

M Y

k

Che

ye n n

e Riv er Lake Oahe

Midland

ive

White River

Martin

Mission

e ttl

Cody

Valentine N i o brar a R iv e r Merritt Reservoir S nake Ri ver Go r don Cr eek

North Loup

Mid d le Lo up R

Lakeside

Hyannis

S a n d

Bridgeport

Nor

th P

H i l l s

Arthur

latt

eR

eek

Oshkosh

iver

Rive

r

i v er

Mullen

Wild Horse Hill 1281m

Chimney Bayard Rock

Thedford

Dismal

R iv e

r

N E B

Tryon Stapleton

Bear Hill 1175m

Lake C. W. McConaughy

Chappell

So

Ogallala

t e R iv u th P la t

North Platte

Sutherland

er

Grant

R

Curtis

K

Stockville

ek

Enders Reservoir

Cre

Hayes Center

llow

Imperial

J

Li

Merriman

Gordon

Hay Springs

Scottsbluff

C O L O

r

r

Alliance

le Cr

ve

Kadoka

Interior

R ite

Ri

Murdo

s

d

Bad

oir

Sidney

I

ree

Philip

ver

Morrill Mitchell Hogback Mountain 1549m

yC

Wi

H

SOUTH

ek

Hemingford

Gering

iver uR rea MoLa Plant Eagle Butte

Dupree Faith h ur Cre

Timber Lake

Hayes

Rushville

 In northeastern Iowa, the Mississippi and its tributaries have deeply incised the underlying bedrock creating a hilly terrain, with bluffs standing 300 ft (90 m) above the valley. G

k

Billsburg

Chadron

Harrison

Mississippi River

F

r

Isabel eC

Red

E

en

D O

D

utt

Wall

A

28

C

rB

Pine Ridge Batesland

Niobrara Ri

Although it escaped the last glaciation, the limestone bedrock of southeastern Minnesota has been eroded by surface and subterranean streams, leaving a network of underground caverns and steepsided valleys.

16

B

de

Oelrichs

Kimball Lodgepo

South Dakota Badlands

A

ek

un

New Underwood

Hermosa

Box Butte Reservoir

The Minnesota landscape contains many post-glacial features, including its numerous lakes, boulder-strewn hills and mineral-rich deposits.

Missouri River

Th

Sulp

Angostura Reserv

Harrisburg

m Chimney Rock is a remnant of an ancient land surface, eroded by the North Platte River. The tip of its spire stands 500 ft (150 m) above the plain.

it Cre

Rapid City

Hot Springs er

Edgemont

m Badlands are formed by stormwater run-off which flows down the impermeable strata of the escarpment and saturates the permeable strata leading to mudslides and the formation of gullies.

m In the badlands of North and South Dakota, horizontal layers of sandstone have been eroded by rivers, leaving a landscape of narrow gullies, sharp crests and pinnacles.

17

Bison

Box Elder

Chey

McLaughlin Gr and River

Shadehill Reservoir

Mount Rushmore 1745m

Ch e ye n iv

Ridge In permeable strata hollows are formed by small mudslides

North Dakota Badlands

Harney Peak 2207m

Selfridge

McIntosh

r

r

Howes

Pringle

Water flowing into gullies erodes back the escarpment

13

Black Blackhawk Hills Hill City

O

Escarpment

ive

Lemmon

iver

Missouri

i ve

r Carson ve Ri Ca ll nn onba

eR

Lincoln

These states straddle the Great Plains and the lowlands of the central USA, with Minnesota lying in a transition zone between the eastern forests and the prairies. The region was shaped by repeated ice advances and retreats, leaving a flat relief, broken only by the numerous lakes and broad river networks which drain the prairies.

15

Sou th F ork Gr and R

dR

Sturgi Terry Peak lle Deadwood s Fourche River 2153m Elk Crooks Tower Cre ek 2175m

R

Des Moines

ran

r

Flasher

Cedar Creek

Whitewood

Custer

major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

He ar t Ri ve

Elgin Mott New Leipzig

ervoir Newell Fruitdale

ne

Omaha

inois

Nebr aska Colorado

Ill

Cedar Rapids

ork G

Bismarck

hit

in

Iowa

The landscape

14

ll

Little

a d l a n d s

B

t le Mi sso u ri R i ver

O

Lit

Ludlow

Lead

New Salem

W

A N

North F

Wilton

Mandan

Hea Glen Ullin rt R iv

Belle Fourche Res

coal engineering electronics finance food processing oil & gas mining

Center

River

Dickinson

iver

ns

Saint Paul

Sioux Falls

NOR

Garrison Dam Riverdale Turtle Lake Underwood Zap Stanton Wash burn Beulah Hazen

Mud Butte

Major industry and infrastructure

Max

Garrison

Reeder Bowman-Haley Lak e Hettinger

Rabb

Belle Fourche

Velva

Parshall Lake Sakakawea

Richardton Hebron

ve Moreau Ri

Kansas

12

N A T

co

Wy o m i n g

is

Pierre

W

ta Minneapolis

S out h D a kot a

Nebraska’s central location has made it an important transport artery for east–west traffic. Minnesota’s road network radiates out from the hub of the twin cities, Minneapolis–Saint Paul.

11

Duluth

so

683 miles (1098 km)

ne

16,940 miles (27,104 km)

in

10

3422 miles (5475 km)

Bismarck

Fargo

erior Sup ke La

Kn ife

er

Reva

Spearfish

M

The transport network 504,522 miles (807,235 km)

Bowman

Buffalo

 Water erosion along the Little Missouri River has carried away sedimentary deposits, creating rugged landscapes known as badlands.

a

9

Riv

Surrey

Plaza

Be

Food processing and the production of farm machinery are supported by the large agricultural sector. Mineral exploitation is also an important activity: gold is mined in the ore-rich Black Hills of South Dakota, and C A NA DA both North Dakota and Nebraska are emerging as major petroleum producers. Nor t h D a kot a

en

Minot

Lake Tschida New England

32

Transport and industry

8

pasture cropland forest wetland

Kansas

N

357,212 sq miles (925,143 sq km)

major towns

Missouri

I

31 people per sq mile (12 people per sq km)

Lincoln

W

Total land area

Colorado

100

Gre

White Butte 1069m

Marmarth

M

Wy o m i n g

Montana

Population density

90

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80

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70

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60

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50

Des Moines

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in

20

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7

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Iowa

Cedar Rapids

Nebraska 0

Land use and agricultural distribution

is

Pierre

New Town

Sentinel Butte Medora Belfield 1045m

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Sh

Beach

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Burlington

Berthold

Alexander

Bea

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Stanley

Ray

Williston

Watford City

so

rural 36%

Minneapolis

La

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Buford

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in

The urban/rural population divide

M

6

i ve r

 Dark, fertile prairie soils in the southeast provide Minnesota’s most productive farmland. Hot, humid summers create a long growing season for corn cultivation.

L

Riv

5

The popular image of these states as agricultural is entirely justified; prairies stretch uninterrupted across most C A NA DA of the area. Croplands fall into two regions: the wheat belt of the plains, and the corn belt of North Dakota the central USA. Cash crops, such as soya Bismarck beans, are grown to supplement incomes. Livestock, particularly pigs and cattle, are South raised throughout this region. Dakota

r is

Using the land

Grenora

er

4

Sherwood Westhope Bowbells Mohall Upper Des Lacs Lake Kenmare Powers Lake Lake Darling Des

Noonan

Lying at the very heart of the North American continent, much of this region was acquired from France as part of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. The area was largely by-passed by the early waves of westward migrants. When Europeans did settle, during the 19th century, they displaced the Native Americans who lived on the plains. The settlers planted arable crops and raised cattle on the immensely fertile prairie land, founding an agrarian tradition which flourishes today. Most of this region remains rural; of the five states, only in Minnesota has there been significant diversification away from agriculture and resource-based industries into the hi-tech and service sectors.

3

Crosby Columbus Portal

S ou

Iowa, Minnesota, Nebraska, Nor th Dakota, South Dakota

eR

1

Hugh Butler Lake Culbertson Trenton Swanson Lake McCook Benkelman

L

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N O R T H A M E R I C A : U S A – U P P E R P L A I N S S TAT E S N

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 Along the shores of Lake Superior in Minnesota, the average number of frostfree days can be as few as 90, and frosts may occur in any month of the year.

10

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Gannvalley Slayton Howard Westbrook Woonsocket Presho Mapleton Pipestone Colman Blooming Prairie Mountain Lake Kennebec Rushford Root River Vivian nd Windom Truman New Richla Dell Rapids Ellendale Stewartville Chatfield Jasper Edgerton Fulda Chamberlain Houston Oacoma Preston Winnebago Wells White River Colton Trimont Heron Lake Kimball Spring Valley Plankinton Mitchell Caledonia Alden Garretson Brewster Salem Fairmont Lakefield Austin Luverne Spring Grove Hartford Valley Springs Blue Albert Lea Alexandria Le Roy Harmony Adrian Worthington JacksonSherburn Bridgewater Earth New Albin er Stickney Hills Spirit Lake v Lake Francis Case a Ri Northwood Lake Mills Sioux Falls Cresco ow Lake Park Estherville 11 Lakota r I Lansing Rock Rapids Ri Corsica Parker Winner Spirit Lake pe Tur Decorah Platte ng ve Armstro p e y Center Osag Okoboji Manl West Buffalo Sibley Lennox ke Ea U Waukon Freeman Parkston r InwoodGeorge y st Armour Milford Lake Canton Colome Fo City Calmar ft Forest Ke y Bancro r Rock Valley Sheldon Tripp Olivet a Pa Gregory n City Hartley Graettinger New Lake Andes ha R Clear Lake Maso Emmetsburg Menno Burke Postville Monona Marquette Lake Andes iver Hull Sanborn Nora Springs Hampton Viborg Centerville Algona Scotland Wagner Britt Bonesteel Garner Sioux Center Primghar Spencer West Union les City Clermont Char Pickstown Avon Whittemore Orange City Beresford Fredericksburg Tyndall Nashua Elkader Hawarden Sumner Sioux Sheffield Paullina Yankton tte Guttenberg p Rapids Spencer Springfield Belmond Butte r oli Faye i Riv Akron Trip on Springview o Allis er Lynch in Remsen Laurens Hampton Vermillion Lewis And Clark Lake es ldt Clarion wberry Point Ni o br a Riv Humbo Marcus Cherokee Mis Dows ein Stra l Rock Waverly Oelw Shel Crofton ra Riv Mars Point Elk Le e s City our r Alta Dakota er ury Pocahontas Aurelia i Ri Niobrara rg ersbu Eagle Grove lle Asb ve Ackley Park Waterloo Stuart Storm Lake Storm Lake Manchester Dyersvi Bassett Hartington r North Sioux Center buque Falls Iowa Falls Evansdale Du ar Kingsley City Ced E Dodge Fort l Ponca Atkinson Ainsworth kho Holstein Sioux City Long Pine Independence Epworth De Webster City rn Creighton Riv son City City Sac Hud Sioux South s e O'Neill Laurel Cascad Early Quasqueton er Rockwell Moville La Porte ipin No City Plainview Dakota City Sergeant Eldora Grundy Reinbeck City ico rt h Central Monticello Bellevue Ida Odebolt Randolph Emerson n R City Bluff Ra Lake City Stratford Hubbard Center Traer Center Point Maqu Grove Sabula Lake cco ok e ive Ewing Gowrie Sloan t Conrad Maquoketa r on Roland Wayne Dysart Vinton View Story City Schleswig Pierce Winnebago Anamosa a River Ri rion Preston Ma r v Neligh shalltown Newhall Boone Mapleton Carroll er Jefferson State Center Mar Cal Pender Toledo Cedar Rapids Oxford Junction Clinton Tilden am Norfolk Onawa Decatur C Ogden u Tama Nevada Belle Plaine De Witt ed Glidden Scranton Ames Brewster Denison Elkh Wisner Elgin ar Mechanicsville Melbourne Camanche orn 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Scale 1:3,250,000

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projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

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Beaver City Alma Harlan County Lake

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NORTH AMERICA A

B

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Isle Royale 28

Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin The states bordering the Great Lakes developed rapidly in the second half of the 19th century as a result of improvements in communications: rail to the west and waterways to the south and east. Fertile land and good links with growing eastern seaboard cities encouraged the development of agriculture and food processing. Migrants from Europe and other parts of the USA flooded into the region and for much of the 20th century the region’s economy boomed. However, in recent years heavy industry has declined, earning the region the unwanted label the ‘Rustbelt’.

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Laurium Hancock Outer Island Houghton Portage Fourteen Mile Point Lake w Stockton Island ena Mount Ashwabay we Ontonagon Mad eline Islan 437m d Superior Chequamegon Point Porcupine L'Anse Mountains Iron River Mount e Ashland Washburn Big Manitou R a n gLake Curwood c i b Falls e iver 603m Bessemer Gogebic Gog Lake Saint Croix Wakefield Hurley Bond Falls Michigamme Flowage Gile Flowage Ironwood Michigam Flowa me ge Namekagon Lake Nelson int Reservoir Watersmeet Rive Lake Lac Vieux r r Turtle Flambeau Hayward Desert Crystal R Flowage Lac du roix Lake Iron River Falls Lac Court t C Y e llo w R n Flam i beau Chippewa Bru i Woodruff Ore SaGrants Park Falls Spoonerilles burg Eagle River lePRiniveeRr iv The Great Lakes region is the centre of the USA’s car industry. Since the Minocqua er r Long N Shell Lake Fre P o p p l Ri v e r Willo der w ic Reservoir Lake A early part of the 20th century, its prosperity has been closely linked e Lake Superior Bone Lake D P i Phill Ric Rhine ips e M lander A Riveke Lake Nokomis r to the fortunes of automobile manufacturing. Iron and steel Lake H Balsam ic am Crandon Fl i Lake Cameron Blue Pelica n R h Timms Hill production has expanded to meet demand from this mp r High Lake Falls Lad e u ysm ith v Bar J ig La ron i 595m Tomahawk k Reservoir Amery industry. In the 1970s, nationwide recession, cheaper a pl Chetek Wisconsin Ap New Ric n McCaslin hmond Mountain Cornell Bi River Glenwood City ntario foreign competition in the automobile sector, g Miller Dam 509m Hudson ke O Merrill Antigo Lake La Flow dC pollution in and around the Great Lakes and the Wissota Stanley age Medford Re Saginaw Abb Milwaukee Riv k otsfo er rd Fal r Colfax Re ls Wausau Yo dR Oconto Lansing Chippewa Falls Stratford Rib Mountain Me w Madison collapse of the meat-packing industry, centred on ie Detroit iv Keshena Falls u Prescott nomonie e Er Ne r E a Wittenberg er 586m a RiveEau Altoona Lak w Big Eau Plein e e Reservoir Ellsworth Oconto Chicago Chicago, forced these states to diversify their industrial ipp River Claire Cleveland Mosinee Shawano Shawan Loyal Spencer Ch o Toledo Mo Mars ndo Lake hfiel vi Du Bay Durand d base. New industries have emerged, notably electronics, Lake Lake Pepin River Osseo Steve o ns Poin l t Neil lsvil le Ohio a Peoria service and finance industries. r Plover Independence si Indiana iver Columbus Alma Springfield Wisconsin Waupaca R New London Whitehall Blac k Rapi Rive ds r Falls Indianapolis The transport network Kaukauna Fo Nekoosa Weyauwega Illinois ssiArcadia Cincinnati p pi Petenwell Lake Poygan Appleton Menasha Neenah Ri Galesville 540,682 miles 6550 miles Lake Wautoma Winneconne (865,091 km) (10,480 km) Trempealeau y Holmen Tomah Cast Oshko le Rock sh Chilton k Frien dship r uc Rush Lake Lake Sparta ve nt i Wes e 24,928 miles 2330 miles t West field La Crosse K Berlin Lake Winnebago Salem Ripon (39,884 km) (3748 km) Buffalo Lake Mauston Green Lake Fond du Mont Pucka ello Hills way Lake Lac boro Elro y Westby Waupu n La Farge Few areas of the USA have a comparable Wisconsin Dells Lomira Reedsburg Viroqua Portage transport system. Chicago is a principal Beaver Dam Lake iv e Bara boo Rich land Beaver Dam transport terminus with a dense network of n B a Cen a Major industry and infrastructure ter r a b o o R Lake Juneau West Bend roads, railways and Interstate freeways Wisconsin Sauk City ColumbusHartford radiating from the city. Waunakee Sun Prairi sin River research & development car manufacture n o c e Menomonee is Mus Lake W Mend Falls coda Spring textiles coal ota Watertown Prairie du Chien Middleton Oconomowoc Wauwato electronics Green sa Mono na major towns Madison Jefferson Delafield Fennimore Dod engineering geville  Ever since Ransom Olds and Henry Ford Verona international airports StoughtonWaukesha finance Lan cast Lake er Koshk Greenfield Mineral onong major roads started mass-producing automobiles in New Glarus Platteville food processing Point Franklin major industrial areas Whitewater Detroit early in the 20th century, the city’s ville iron & steel DarlingtoEvans n Elkhor n Dick Haz eyville el Janes Burl name has become synonymous with the ville ington oil Green Shullsburg Delavan American automotive industry. East Dubuque Charles Mound Monroe Beloit Lake Geneva Union 376m Grove South Beloit r Harvard Antioch Galena ve Lena ca r e tonica Riv Loves Fox Lake Park Woodstock  The dunes near Freeport da Rockford Belvidere Waucon Sleeping Bear Point rise Arlington Savanna Mount r Byron Genoa Heights 400 ft (120 m) from the Carroll Much of this region shows the impact of glaciation Schaumburg Mount Morris Oregon banks of Lake Michigan. Sycamore Elgin Polo which lasted until about 10,000 years ago, and O’Hare Rochelle They are constantly being Geneva Sterling De Kalb Dixon resculpted by wind action. Wheaton Morrison extended as far south as Illinois and Ohio. Although Rock Falls iver Prophetstown Plano Aurora Amboy Sandwich kR the relief of the region slopes towards the Great Lakes, M Yorkville oc Moline Mendota R ver v Rock Island Ri Joliet G r e e n Ri because the ice sheets blocked northerly drainage, East Geneseo Shorew ood Milan Moline Channahon Ottaw a 28 r Orio most of the rivers today flow southwards, forming part n Cambridge Peru Illinois Rive Morris Princeton Ed wards Riv er La Salle Marseilles Kewanee Hennepin Lake Michigan of the massive Mississippi/Missouri drainage basin. Aledo Braidwood Galva Henry Senachwine Lake Erie is the shallowest of the d e r s o n C r e ek n Lake e H Streat Toul or on Dwight five Great Lakes. Its average Oquawka Galesburg Chillicothe Lacon Mino The many lakes and marshes of nk Pontiac depth is about 62 ft (19 m). Monmouth Knoxville Wisconsin and Michigan are the Storms sweeping across from Abingdon result of glacial erosion and Elmwood Peoria Heights El Paso Canada erode its shores and Roseville Gilman deposition which occurred Peoria cause the silting of its harbours. Fairbury Onarga Washington Bushnell Canton East Peoria during the last Ice Age. Pekin Gibson Ma com b Carthage Tremont The Appalachian plateau Bloomington Normal City Paxton r Hamilton stretches eastward from Lewistown e Le Roy Rantou Havana ek l Ohio. It is dissected by e Southwestern Wisconsin Cr Farmer City a in Mason City Sugar B streams flowing west e l l I is known as a ‘driftless’ Clinto n Mo Rus unt hville Champaign Urbana into the Mississippi and Lincoln Clinto area. Unlike most of the Sterling Petersburg n Quincy Salt Ohio rivers. Beardstown Savoy cK Lake region, low hills Cre ek ee C Virginia reek Monticello protected it from Tolono Springfield Riverton Decatur erosion by the Tuscola Jacksonville Mount Arthur Lake advancing ice sheet. Sprin gfield Pittsfield Chat Winchester ham Sangchris Lake Zion Arcola Auburn Sullivan Roodhouse Pawnee Virden Most of the water used in Charleston Taylorville Girard White Hall Lake northern Illinois is pumped Pana Mattoon k Carrollton e e Shelbyville r from underground reservoirs. C Noko mis Carlinville Shelbyville Toledo c o u pi n Ma Due to increased demand, Litchfield Lake Lou Yaeger Hardin Casey sk many areas now face a Jerseyville Gillespie MountHillsboro ska Lake Olive Ka Sara water shortage. Around Brighton Effingham nton Coffeen Lake Altamont Joliet, the water table Alton BethaltoStau Greenville Vandalia was lowered by more Wood River Glen Carbon Edwardsville than 700 ft (210 m) over Carlyle Granite City Highland Lake Louisville ab Olney the last century. as Collinsville East Saint Louis hR O'Fallon Flora iv e Cahokia Salem r Carly le Belleville Columbia Centralia Freeburg Illinois plains Mount Fairfield Nashville Albion Waterloo Vernon Marissa Ohio River Grayville Glacial till Red Bud ip Most recent Present-day Rend Lake pi Sparta Sesser Ri Pinckneyville Carmi till deposits river or stream ve Mcleansboro Steeleville r Benton Mississippi Christopher West Frank Older till Channels caused fort Chester River Johnston City sheet by outwash from Murphysboro Herrin Eldorado Relic landforms from the last melting glacier Mari on Bedrock Carbondale Harrisburg glaciation, such as shallow Bald Knob m As a result of successive glacial basins and ridges, cover all but Unlike the level prairie to the north, Lake of Egypt v 314m er m The plains of Illinois are characteristic Anna depositions, the total depth of till the south of this region. southern Indiana is relatively rugged. Elizabethtown Vienna of drift landscapes, scoured and along the former southern margin Ridges, known as moraines, up Limestone in the hills has been dissolved Jonesboro Golconda flattened by glacial erosion and covered of the Laurentide ice sheet can to 300 ft (100 m) high, lie to the by water, producing features such as e River

Transport and industry

4

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Siski Cumberland wit Bay Point Long Point

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Thunder Bay Passage Island Blake Point

USA: GREAT LAKES STATES

1

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with fertile glacial deposits. A

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south of Lake Michigan.

C

D

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sinkholes and underground caves.

F

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26

exceed 1300 ft (400 m). H

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Metropolis Mound City Cairo

N O R T H A M E R I C A : U S A – G R E AT L A K E S S TAT E S S

T

8

urban 74%

Michipicoten Bay

0

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Total land area

189 people per sq mile (73 people per sq km)

243,513 sq miles (630,674 sq km)

90

100

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m Farms like this one stretch across more than 67% of Illinois, covering 44,800 sq miles (97,170 sq km). The state is the USA’s second largest producer of soya beans, which are used for animal feed and oil.

12

E

NI

IR

Km

20

Q

R

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T

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20

60

80

100 80

60

40

100

15

Map key Population

Elevation

1 million to 5 million

16

500,000 to 1 million

1000m / 3281ft

100,000 to 500,000

500m / 1640ft

50,000 to 100,000

mostly replaced family farming in the Midwest, some communities, such as the Amish people in Ohio, retain traditional farming methods, cultivating their smallholdings using limited machinery. S

10

Miles

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projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

R

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0 10 20 0

io

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14

Scale 1:3,750,000

V

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13

m Lake Superior is the largest of the Great Lakes and attracts millions of tourists each year. Valuable mineral deposits such as iron and copper are mined close to its shores.

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Munising Hulbert Lake Newberry Cleveland Rudyard Manistique Drummond Seney Cliffs Basin Lake Island o r t Marsh Munuscong N h Chan nel Lake Milakokia Lake Fo Indian r Lake Patterson Point Islands er Les Cheneaux Manistique Saint Ignace Iron Mountain ts of Mackina Garden Island Gladstone Str ai Norway c Hog Island High Island Niagara Escanaba Bois Blanc Island Garden Beaver Cheboygan Peninsula Island Powers el Summer a Mullett Lake Douglas Lake North Fox nn Island gB ha Island Lake Black Lake Burt Bi C Saint Martin n Rogers City Mai Island South Fox Walloon Stephenson North Point Petoskey Lake Washington Island Pe Chambers Charlevoix Island Grand Lake Ri s h Cat Head Island Lake Charlevoix Long Lake North Manitou Point Boyne City Menominee River Island er Bay Jordan East Alpena nd Marinette Door South Manitou Leland Gaylord hu Torch Lake North Point Peshtigo Fletcher Thund Atlanta T er Bay Island Peninsula Bellaire Oconto y Pond Lake Otsego a Point Point Bear Sleeping South B Lake Lake Glen Elk Sturgeon Bay Hubbard Lake Long Lake Traverse City Crystal Lake A u Sa bl e R i v er Kalkaska Algoma Harrisville Grayling Mio Beulah Green Bay n Roscommo Luxemburg r Lake Higgins Oscoda ive Lake Saint Helen Kewaunee De Pere eR A Lake City Au Sable Point ste Houghton Lake u Gr ni Cadillac Tawas City Houghton Manistee Tawas Bay Pointe Aux Lake West Branch Lake Mitchell Two Rivers Big Sable i ver Charity Barques Point Manitowoc Island Cleveland Standish Harrison Ludington Hamlin Lake Baldwin Point Sand Gladwin u q Elkhart Lake e r Harbor Beach t te Pe r e M a Bad Axe Ri Saginaw Plymouth Reed City ve r ing Bay Sebewa Hart Sheboygan Big Rapids Ri Essexville Cass City ewa River Little Sable Point ver White Chipp er Bay City Cedar Grove rMidland Riv er e Cloud Mount e v t Caro i Carrollton i R Fremont R Pleasant Wh s s ne er Whitehall Saginaw Ca Sandusky Pi Riv Port Washington Alma Frankenmuth gon Vassar Marlette Cedarburg Croswell ske Ithaca Stanton u M Mequon Mount Mayville Brown 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Trenton Conneaut Benton Harbor Vicksburg Spring Arbor Des Plaines Milan Clinton Rockwood City Union North Kingsville Schoolcraft Saint Joseph Evanston Tecumseh Carleton D Jonesville Dowagiac Three Rivers Devils e Ashtabula Skokie t Dundee r Coldwater o it R iv er Hillsdale Lake Adrian Berrien Springs Pr Geneva Oak Park North Madison Monroe n Cassopolis Rivairie Buchanan River Raisi Blissfield West Sister Bronson Hudson Chicago Sturgis er Niles Lambertville Island Mentor Painesville Burbank Morenci Fremont Willoughby Chardon o Toled Kelleys Island Sylvania Michigan City South Bend Oak Lawn Oregon Lagrange Euclid Harvey Elkhart and Clev Swanton Gary velod La Porte Mishawaka Cle Maumee eland Heights Mosquito Creek n Clinto Port Goshen urg Angola ewo Perrysb Lak r Hammond Merrillville Wauseon r Lake Sandusky Lorain Garfield Heights ve North Liberty Ligonier Rive Koontz Archbold Butler Cortland age Gibsonburg Chicago ia Parma Solon Bryan Lake Bremen Kendallville Napoleon Port Valparaiso Fremont Vermilion Elyr Heights Crown m dha ille Win Warren Albion Strongsv g Clyde Bowlin Plymouth lin Hebron Ober Defiance s Garrett Auburn er Knox Brunswick Peotone Point Ravenna Nile Bellevue Norwalk Wellington Medina Deshler Green Bass Lake iver Riv Manteno Youngstown Holgate Fostoria Tallmadge Columbia City umee Tipp Bourbonnais Demotte Tiffin own Struthers Warsaw re tint th a ecan o Baltimo Aus swor North rd Wad North Willa Lodi M an Akron Berlin Boardm Kankakee Blancha Leipsic Findlay Ri C ree Judson Winamac Fort Wayne Paulding ver Barberton rd Columbiana e ney r North Manchester New Haven Rittman Greenwich Morocco Rochester Alliance Lak Ottawa River Carey Ho estine ive Pal Rensselaer t Van Eas ille m y Orrv Sale s ton and R Shelb Columbu Can Ashl North l Lake Shafer Bluffton BucyrusCrestline Grove Ee Huntington Waba DecaturWert Canton Iroquois River Monon sh Upper Sandusky ster Delphos Lima n Minerva Mansfield Woo Kentland Logansport Wabash Salamonie sillo Ri Mas n Galio erp 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r Greensburg ield Athe Greenf Fairfield Pisgah ek Farmersburg Spencer Batesville Springdale SharonvilleBlanchester Cr e Lake Lemon Columbus Ellettsville Wellston Paint Hillsboro North College Hill Nashville Hill rn Washbu Pomeroy Jasonville Norwood Sullivan Jackson Bloomington S a n dVersailles Cincinnati Williamsburg 409m Linton Robinson Aurora Middleport Monroe Lake Bloomfield New Richmond Peebles Lucasville Vernon Rising Sun Carlisle Ri Oh Gallipolis Bedford Brownstown io R iver Union West M u scatuc k Ri West Portsmouth Lawrenceville ver Madison Vevay Ripley Austin Wheelersburg Portsmouth Vincennes Loogootee Scottsburg Hanover Shoals Bridgeport Washington Ironton Salem Paoli ite River Petersburg French Lick Wh South Point Charlestown Mount Carmel Patoka Lake Jasper Princeton English Huntingburg New Albany Ferdinand Fort Branch Jeffersonville Corydon iv e Boonville r Tell City Evansville Oh Cannelton io Rockport Ri ve r  Although large-scale agribusiness has

pasture cropland forest

A

Sugar Island Sault Sainte Marie Lake Nicolet

3

major towns

cattle pigs poultry corn (maize) fruit soya beans timber

es

Whitefish Bay

2

Land use and agricultural distribution

Whitefish Point

Tahquamenon Falls Tahqu amen on Riv er

1

The varied soils and climate of this region have allowed the development of different types of agriculture. Corn and soya beans are the main crops produced, although Michigan is best known for its fruit-growing, particularly cherries and apples. About 80% of Wisconsin’s agricultural income is derived from livestock-rearing and dairying. Pig breeding is important in both Illinois and Indiana.

N

Crisp Point

Y

C

ch i g am me R iver

10

X

Using the land

rural 26%

Population density

s nt Mary S a i R iv er

Negaunee Ishpeming

A

L P oa u g h i in t n g F ish

ns

Marquette

W

nn

S uper io r

Au Sable Point Grand Island

V

The urban/rural population divide

C

Manitou Island Keweenaw Point Point Isabelle Keweenaw Peninsula ay w B Point Abbaye Big Bay Point H Mou uron nta i

U

250m / 820ft

10,000 to 50,000

100m / 328ft

below 10,000

17

sea level

V

W

X

Y

Z

31

rk Yo

NORTH AMERICA A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

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USA: NORTH MOUNTAIN STATES

1

3

4

Using the land

urban 74%

5

C

IC OCEAN

N

A

D

0 10 20 10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

500,000 to 1 million

Population density

Total land area

26 people per sq mile (10 people per sq km)

487,970 sq miles (1,263,716 sq km)

100,000 to 500,000

4000m / 13,124ft

50,000 to 100,000

3000m / 9843ft

10,000 to 50,000

2000m / 6562ft

below 10,000

1000m / 3281ft 500m / 1640ft

m The Snake River has cut down into the basalt of the Columbia Basin to form Hells Canyon, the deepest in the USA, with cliffs up to 7900 ft (2408 m) high.

250m / 820ft 100m / 328ft sea level

80

60

40

 Fine-textured, volcanic soils in the hilly Palouse region of eastern Washington are susceptible to erosion.

100

80

100

projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

100

90

60

40 20

Miles

10

C

8

A

Blaine Lynden Ferndale

t h N o ro t a D a k

6

A

Km

rural 26%

0

0

Elevation

Population

Scale 1:3,750,000

The urban/rural population divide

Wheat farming in the east gives way to cattle ranching as rainfall decreases. Irrigated farming in the Snake River valley produces large yields of potatoes and other vegetables. Dairying and fruit-growing take place in the wet western lowlands between the mountain ranges.

M

Map key

I da h o, M o nta na , O rego n , Wa shing to n , Wyo mi ng The remoteness of the northwestern states, coupled with the rugged landscape, ensured that this was one of the last areas settled by Europeans in the 19th century. Fur-trappers and gold-prospectors followed the Snake River westwards as it wound its way through the Rocky Mountains. The states of the northwest have pioneered many conservationist policies, with the USA’s first national park opened at Yellowstone in 1872. More recently, the Cascades and Rocky Mountains have become havens for adventure tourism. The mountains still serve to isolate the western seaboard from the rest of the continent. This isolation has encouraged west coast cities to expand their trade links with countries of the Pacific Rim.

L

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Oroville Mount Baker er Northport San Bellingham 3254m Orient Tiffany Mountain Mount Bonaparte New Metaline Ju hal an em Cape Flatte 2512m Friday Harbo Isl 2212m Mou ry Falls nt Logan r Washington ands Anaco Tonasket rtes Neah Bay 2770m Montana Mazama Str Republic Mount Vernon Skagit River ait Kettle Falls Priest Ro ckport Winthrop Clallam Bay of Jua Oak Harbor Portland Colville Lake n de Franklin D. Billings Ad Fuc a Roosevelt Stanwood Eugene Port AngelesPort Townsend Coupeville Lake Arlington Darrington Forks Sandpoint Sequim Chewelah Lak e Ma rys Oregon ville Glacier Peak Chelan Idaho Newpor Hunte t Ev rs 3213 O ere m tt l Boise ympic Priest Wy o m i n g Pateros Pocatello Monroe River M o u n tMoaunt Olympus 2428m Edmonds Grand Coulee i n Califo s Twin Falls Deer Park Redmond r rnia Queets Banks ive Cheyenne Bremerton N e v a d a ult R Lake Wilbur kan Qu in a U ta h m r Bellevue Skykomish e Ent u v e iat i Coeur R l Po e rt Qu Or o inault chard C le Land use and o Spokane Taholah d'Alene Seattle Leavenworth C o l o r a d 8 Seattle-Tacoma Coulee City Davenport Humptulips agricultural distribution Coeur Kent Moclips Wenatchee Tacoma d'Alene Crab Cr Shelton eek Cheney Copalis Beac Pacific Beach major towns fruit cattle Auburn Lake h Eph Odes rata Roslyn sa Sprague Plummer Olympia Aberdeen potatoes poultry Puyallup pasture Cle Elum Hoquiam Rosalia Saint Elm Gr timber cereals a ay Qui s ncy Ha rbor cropland Montesano Lacey Moses Lake Ritzville Maries Tekoa Thorp Westport Gr forest Mount Rainier Ellensburg Potholes ayland Tenino Ea ton vil le Ewan 192 4392m Reservoir al Garfield Willapa Bay Centralia is use River Vantage Bev Warden Benge alo erly Othello Palouse Raymond River Cheh Potlatch South Bend 9 alis Oysterville Colfax Deary Packwood Deary La Mo Crosse ssy roc k Morton Winlock Long Beach White Pass Tieton Selah Washtucna Pullman Connell Yakima Y iver Toledo 1362m Moscow e r v i Ilw ac o Cape Disappo R Vader intment Minerals and timber are extremely important in this Colton White Swan Wapato Mount Saint Hel Eltopia WestportCathlamet a R Sunnys ens Mount Ada Pomeroy ide Astoria ms 2549m Top pen i ish Ke ver lso region. Uranium, precious metals, copper and coal are all 3741m Eure ka Granger Clarkston Lewiston Longview Raini Richland Seaside er Pasco Prescott Dayton Cougar er Mabton Asotin mined, the latter in vast open-cast pits in Wyoming; oil Kalama R iv Waitsburg 10 Lake Wallula Prosser Kennewick m Saint Helens Winchester Bickleton Wallula Touchet Walla Wall Woodland Trout Lake and natural gas are extracted further north. a Vernonia Paterson College Place Nehalem Yacolt Goldendale Timber Wh Manufacturing, notably related to the aerospace and ite Milto Stevenson nTillamook River Boardman Salmon Freew Vancouver mbia Forest Grove Ba Hermiston ater Wishram Portland Hood River electronics industries, is important in western cities. iver Cape Meare y Col u s eR Arli Hillsboro ngton Pendleton Portland Biggs Tillamook Beav The erton Dalles Gibbon Gresham C A A Moro N Pilot Rock Mount Hood D A Hebo McMinnville r Oregon City 3424m Newberg Grand Rond Enterprise e Kent Seattle Heppner Woodburn Tygh Valley La Grande Lincoln City Spokane Keizer Great Falls Condon Da Tacoma llas Union Silverton Monmouth Matterhorn Washington Lewiston Helena M o n t a n a Salem Ukiah Pasco 3049m Fossil Warm Springs North Powd er Yaquina Ba y Portland Spray Billings Dale Albany Newport er Salem Toledo Riv Haines Mount Jefferson er Lebanon Corvallis 3199m Council Eugene Waldport Long Creek Baker Madras Mit che ll Oregon Boise I d a h o Cambrid ge Sweet Home Junction City Pocatello Casper John Day Harrisburg Sisters Prineville Twin Falls Huntington Mount Vernon Wy o m i n g Can yon City Califo Eugene Redmond Florence rnia Springfield Strawberry Mountain Mapleton Brogan Weiser Three Sisters N e v a d a C ro 2755m Bend Cheyenne Ut a h o ke d 3157m R iv er Sene ca o Cottage Grov Payette C o l o r a d 13 e Reedsport Ontario ay Vale Lakeside Umpq ett Oakridge The transport network ua R e r i ve e Nyssa River v No i rth R Harpe Major industry r u e h l r Ma Bend 347,857 miles Emmett Cape Ara and infrastructure Sutherlin (556,571 km) Juntura go Caldwell Burns Coos Bay Crescent N orth U m pqu a Rive adventure tourism r Coquille 4200 miles Ro se burg Nampa Bandon Mount Thielsen Crane Lake aerospace (6720 km) Myrtle Poin Winston 2799m Chemult t Owyhee Wagontire coal 14 Myrtle Creek Ri Silver Lake ddle chemicals Harney Lake Cape Blan 12,354 miles Malheur co Union Creek electronics (19,766 km) Lake Murphy Port Orford Crater Lake food processing Mount Scott Jordan Valley mining 1108 miles Sum 272 2m mer Lake Wolf Creek (1782 km) oil & gas Frenchglen Merlin Mount McLou Paisley ve Gold Beach timber processing ghlin Chiloquin e Ri Gr Owyh u Burns Junction g o R 2894m ants Pass ee Ea gle Point Lake Abert The Union Pacific Railroad major towns Upper 15 Ce nt ral Pistol Rive Point Med has been in service across international airports Klamath Valley Falls r ford Lake Wyoming since 1867. The major roads Bly Hart Mountain Kerby Brookings 2331m major industrial areas route through the Rocky Klamath Falls Altamont Ashland Mountains is now shared Worden Lakeview Merrill with the Interstate 80, a Seattle Tacoma

a

B a s i n

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Goose Lake

C A L I F O R N I A

major east–west highway.

16

 Seattle lies in one of Puget Sound’s many inlets. The city receives oil and other resources from Alaska, and benefits from expanding trade across the Pacific.

17

A

32

B

C

D

E

34

N

E

V

 Crater Lake, Oregon, is 6 miles (10 km) wide and 1800 ft (600 m) deep. It marks the site of a volcanic cone, which collapsed after an eruption within the last 7000 years. F

I

J

A

34

K

L

M

N O R T H A M E R I C A : U S A – N O R T H M O U N TA I N S TAT E S P

Q

R

Puget Sound

The landscape The Rocky Mountains are flanked by lower parallel ranges, which spread onto the Great Plains in the east and surmount the broad lava plateau which extends westwards. The Cascade Range divides the Columbia Basin from the coastlands, where the low areas skirting Puget Sound are broken by the steep, volcanic Olympic Mountains and the wooded hills of the Coast Ranges.

4

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28

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28

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Miles City

Lizard Head Peak 3914m

Daniel

H

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bull River rey

Gannett Peak 4207m Fremont Peak Hoback Peak 4189m 3311m Pinedale

Saint Charles Preston Cokeville Bear Lake

Lovell

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Tongue River Resevoir

Greybull Basin

Cody

Dubois

Green R

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Lindsay Glendive

6

28

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B a s i n

Jackson Bondurant

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Crow Agency

Lodge Grass Wyola

B

I

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Vananda Forsyth

r

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A

Black Pine Peak 2861m

A

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Grand Teton 4197m

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Needle Mountain 3697m

Jackson Lake

B

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Malad City

Downey Montpelier Paris

Sylvan Pass 2603m

ing Ra nge om Wy

iver

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Bighorn Lake

Powell

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T

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Kimberly

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Yellowstone Lake

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Craters of the Moon National Monument

Richfield

Yellowstone National Park

k Saint Anthony

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Granite Peak 3901m

Canyon

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Mammoth Hot Springs

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Boulder

Butte

ar

Ri

u y B Pine Jordan

Melstone

Be

e r r o ot R

Castle Peak 3606m

Roy Hilger Lewistown Grassrange Winnett Moore

g

Bitt

n

Borah Peak 3859m

Horseshoe Bend ois

Ri

Canyon Jefferson Ferry Lake City Deer Townsend Lodge Crow Peak

ilk

sso i R i v e r ur

Bi

Y

t o o r r t e i t

Stanley

kB For

er

Monarch

Helena

Garrison

Dillon

m

Challis

Mi

Smith

K

B

e

G

e n g R a

C

n t Clark Fo

er

Divide Wisdom Melrose Gibbonsville

I D A H O

Boise

e

ou

Cascade

pl

Fort Peck Lake

Great Falls

Lost Trail Pass

L

M

Baldy Mountain 2018m

Big Sandy

Ulm

Three Forks

Twin Peaks 3182m

Mountains

Idaho City

as R i v

i s

O

M

M

l idd

o eF

Dodson

Malta

Fort Benton

Fairfield

Anaconda

Salmon

Havre

r

on River

Choteau

r

Mount McGuire 3073m

River

Conrad

Harlem

Plentywood

Scobey

Po

Winifred

Philipsburg Hamilton

r Riggins Salmon Rive

Salmon

t Ri v

M ari

e w

et

B la ck f oo

Gildford

5

A

8

Chinook

Chester Lothair

Tet

Drummond Stevensville

Elk City

Big Creek

Shelby

Augusta

Orchard Homes

Rocky Mountains

Mount Brown 2121m

Lake Elwell

Dupuyer

m Water from the hot springs in Yellowstone National Park deposits minerals as it cools in rock pools. Long periods of deposition have created these rock terraces.

Opheim

Rudyard

Rocky Mountain 2863m

Ronan

Clearwater

Mountains

D

Hungry Horse Reservoir

Flathead Lake

Missoula

Headquarters Dworshak er Reservoir r Riv ate Orofino rw Peak ea Grave l 2521m C Nezperce Kamiah Lowell Cottonwood

The contorted rock shapes at ‘Craters of the Moon’ National Monument in Idaho were left 2000 years ago by the sporadic upwelling of viscous lava from fissures in the basalt plateau.

Loring

Cut Bank

Browning

Bigfork

ns

Pot Mountain 2176m

Smiths Ferry Lowman

1

3

The plateaux of the Columbia and Snake rivers represent one of the world’s largest accumulations of lava. Over 5 million years ago, successive flows of molten basalt buried the existing land surface by up to 450 ft (150 m).

Babb

L

bin

Somers

Polson rk Thompson Falls Kellogg Plains Mullan Wallace De Borgia Saint Regis Avery Superior

Cascade Reservoir Cascade

 Piney Buttes are the remnants of an older, higher land surface gradually weathered and eroded into isolated outcrops with flat tops and steep sides.

The Continental Divide, or watershed, crosses the Lewis Range. From here, rivers flow east to Hudson Bay, south to the Gulf of Mexico and west to the Pacific Ocean.

Devil’s Tower

Sweetgrass Sunburst

Columbia Falls

Kalispell

Snowshoe Peak 2655m

New Meadows

Y

Coast Ranges

Logan Pass 2026m

R

Ca

Whitefish

Libby

Grangeville

X

2

A

Mount Cleveland 3190m

Eureka

Bovill

Grand Coulee and the lesser coulées (ravines) were cut by cataclysmic floods, from the release of an ice-dammed lake, at the end of the last Ice Age.

W

The Cascades are glacially scoured volcanic mountains, the highest of which is Mount Rainier, a dormant volcano at 14,409 ft (4392 m).

N

ai

V

Molten rock wells up from the Earth’s core

A

Trout Creek

U

Great Plains

m Devil’s Tower in Wyoming is an igneous intrusion, formed below the Earth’s surface. Molten rock intruded through cracks in the overlying strata and cooled. Over time, the softer rock layers have been eroded away, leaving only the tower standing.

Clark Fork Lake Pend Oreille

T

Mount St Helens erupted in 1980, killing 57 people and devastating a huge area. Columbia Basin

Glacial valleys on the seaward side of the Olympic Mountains receive about 142 inches (3600 mm) of rain per year, supporting the only true rainforest of the northern hemisphere.

Surrounding strata eroded away

Molten rock cools, forming parallel columns

Moyie Springs Bonners Ferry

S

he

O

La

N

Cheyenne

36

33

NORTH AMERICA A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

Map key

S

1 million to 5 million

er

500m / 1640ft

100m / 328ft

Arcata Eureka Humboldt Bay

Blue Lake

in

Ri v

sea level

ity

R iv e

er

Thompson Peak 2741m

Clair Engle Lake r

Weaverville

Ferndale Fortuna Rio Dell Scot ia Cape Ee lR Mendocino ive r Weott

Hayfork

Va

nD

10

40 50 30

20

60 40

70

80 50

60

70

80

Covelo

Laytonville

C

a

FI C O

n

ia

Los Angeles

C

EA

N San Diego

190 miles (360 km)

Upper Lake Clear Lakeport Kelseyville Lake Point Arena Boonville Hopland Clearlake

Ukiah

In California, the motor vehicle is a vital part of daily life, and an extensive freeway system runs throughout the state, cementing its position as the most important mode of transport.

ve r

Middletown

Mount Saint Helena

Healdsburg 1324m Calistoga

Santa Rosa

Sebastopol

major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

MEXICO

Cloverdale

Gualala

Bodega Head

Petaluma

A

 Gambling was legalized in Nevada in 1931. Las Vegas has since become the centre of this multi-million dollar industry.

Las Vegas

r

7822 miles (12,595 km)

Willits

Mendocino

Ri ian Russ

CI

Bakersfield

Ar iz ona

PA

li fo

2944 miles (4710 km)

r

Oakland

Fort Bragg

211,459 miles (338,334 km)

P

aerospace car manufacture defence film industry finance food processing gambling hi-tech industry mining pharmaceuticals research & development textiles tourism

Carson City

Sacramento

The transport network

ive

Ely

Snow Mountain 2151m

lR

Nevada

Major industry and infrastructure

Ee

Reno

San Jose

7

5

Miles

30

projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

San Francisco

6

0

Ida ho

20

r

0 5 10

Ore g on

iv e

5

Garberville

Km

Uta h

Nevada’s rich mineral reserves ushered in a period of mining wealth which has now been replaced by revenue generated from gambling. California supports a broad set of activities including defence-related industries and research and development facilities. ‘Silicon Valley’, near San Francisco, is a world leading centre for microelectronics, while tourism and the Los Angeles film industry also generate large incomes.

nR

Scale 1:3,000,000

uze

Transport and industry

4

Novato

San Rafael

Point Reyes

8

11

Wheeler Peak is home to some of the world’s oldest trees, bristlecone pines, which live for up to 5000 years.

C

a

li fo

Las Vegas

n

Arizona

r

ia

Los Angeles

C

EA

34

B

Sacramento San Francisco

O

A

Reno

Amargosa Desert

N San Diego

Death Valley

MEXICO

The sparsely populated Mojave Desert receives less than 8 inches (200 mm) of rainfall a year. It is used extensively for weaponstesting and military purposes.

 Named by migrating settlers in 1849, Death Valley is the driest, hottest place in North America, as well as being the lowest point on land in the western hemisphere, at 282 ft (86 m) below sea level.

17

Nevada

pasture cropland forest desert

C

16

major towns

FI

15

cattle citrus fruits fruit irrigation timber vineyards

CI

The San Andreas Fault is a transverse fault which extends for 650 miles (1050 km) through California. Major earthquakes occur when the land either side of the fault moves at different rates. San Francisco was devastated by an earthquake in 1906.

Idaho

Oregon

Land use and agricultural distribution

PA

When the Hoover Dam across the Colorado River was completed in 1936, it created Lake Mead, one of the largest artificial lakes in the world, extending for 115 miles (285 km) upstream.

California is the USA’s leading agricultural producer, although low rainfall makes irrigation essential. The long growing season and abundant sunshine allow many crops to be grown in the fertile Central Valley including grapes, citrus fruits, vegetables and cotton. Almost 17 million acres (6.8 million hectares) of California’s forests are used commercially. Nevada’s arid climate and poor soil are largely unsuitable for agriculture; 85% of its land is state owned and large areas are used for underground testing of nuclear weapons.

Utah

14

Using the land

C

The Great Basin dominates most of Nevada’s topography containing large open basins, punctuated by eroded features such as buttes and mesas. River flow tends to be seasonal, dependent upon spring showers and winter snow melt.

Sierra Nevada

I

The dramatic granitic rock formations of Half Dome and El Capitan, and the verdant coniferous forests, attract millions of visitors annually to Yosemite National Park in the Sierra Nevada.

 The General Sherman sequoia tree in Sequoia National Park is 2500 years old and at 275 ft (84 m) is one of the largest living things on earth.

F

m Molten rock (magma) welling up to form a dome in the Earth’s interior, causes the brittle surface rocks to stretch and crack. Some areas were uplifted to form mountains (ranges), while others sunk to form flat valleys (basins).

As ridges are eroded they fill intervening valleys with sediments

Daly City

I

Most of California’s agriculture is confined to the fertile and extensively irrigated Central Valley, running between the Coast Ranges and the Sierra Nevada. It incorporates the San Joaquin and Sacramento valleys.

10

Rising molten rock causes stretching of the Earth’s crust

San Francisco

C

The broad Central Valley divides California’s coastal mountains from the Sierra Nevada. The San Andreas Fault, running beneath much of the state, is the site of frequent earth tremors and sometimes more serious earthquakes. East of the Sierra Nevada, the landscape is characterized by the basin and range topography with stony deserts and many salt lakes.

9

192

Extensive cracking (faulting) uplifted a series of ridges

The landscape

The urban/rural population divide urban 92%

The Salton Sea was created accidentally between 1905 and 1907 when an irrigation channel from the Colorado River broke out of its banks and formed this salty 300 sq mile (777 sq km), land-locked lake.

C

D

E

F

m The Sierra Nevada create a ‘rainshadow’, preventing rain from reaching much of Nevada. Pacific air masses, passing over the mountains, are stripped of their moisture. G

Etna

g e s R a n

Mckinleyville Tr

250m / 820ft

Orleans Salmon Mo unt ai n s

iv er

Ri v

Orick

1000m / 3281ft

below 10,000

th

2000m / 6562ft

10,000 to 50,000

S cott R

Klamath ma

50,000 to 100,000

t C o a s

3000m / 9843ft

K lam h Riv er at

n s t a i u n M o

4000m / 13,124ft

100,000 to 500,000

Kla

500,000 to 1 million

ins unta Mo you Happy i k Camp is

h a t

Crescent City

Mad

3

Smith River

Elevation

Population

The ‘Gold Rush’ of 1849 attracted the first major wave of European settlers to the USA’s west coast. The pleasant climate, beautiful scenery and dynamic economy continue to attract immigrants – despite the ever-present danger of earthquakes – and California has become the USA’s most populous state. The population is concentrated in the vast conurbations of Los Angeles, San Francisco and San Diego; new immigrants include people from South Korea, the Philippines, Vietnam and Mexico. Nevada’s arid lands were initially exploited for minerals; in recent years, revenue from mining has been superseded by income from the tourist and gambling centres of Las Vegas and Reno.

m l a

USA: CALIFORNIA & NEVADA

1

H

m Without considerable irrigation, this fertile valley at Palm Springs would still be part of the Sonoran Desert. California’s farmers account for about 80% of the state’s total water usage. I

J

0

10

20

30

40

50

rural 8%

60

70

80

Population density

Total land area

142 people per sq mile (55 people per sq km)

265,785 sq miles (688,357 sq km)

K

L

90

100

M

N O R T H A M E R I C A : U S A – C A L I F O R N I A & N E VA D A T

ins

nta

n Creek ti ng t o

Hun

e Rive

Re es

Oasis

3 Spruce Mountain 3128m

Franklin Lake

4

Ruby Lake

Alkali Flat

R

a

n

Pi ne Cr e ek

B a s i n

r

old

ge

3471m

Mou

R

Roc

Beowawe

Ruby

ge

a R an

Ros

dt bol

um

le H itt

t Riv er

Emigrant Pass 1864m

r

Mount Lewis 2950m

mb

ge

R

Lovelock

Humboldt Lake

y

Pyramid Lake

Doyle

ve

Star Peak 2997m Mount Tobin 2979m

Hu

2236m

Herlong

an

Smo ke Cr ee k

Kumiva Peak 2511m

Winnemucca Lake Trinity Peak

Battle Mountain

Humboldt

Empire

Honey Lake

ek Cre Corning

Imlay

Elko Lamoille Spring Creek Snow Water Lake Ruby Dome

Carlin

2

Wells Hole in the Mountain Peak Halleck 3437m

Becky Peak 2840m

S c h e l l

Los Molinos

Gerlach

it

Lake Almanor

Westwood

S

V e n t o S a c r a m Stony Creek

Chester

Santa

t ser ac

Bl

M cC

De

iver

loud R

T r Tri ni t ou init yR nt y ain s M

Anderson

Hot Springs Peak Susanville 2341m Fredonyer Pass 1759m

D

H

Sonoma Peak 2864m

Montello

U

ento River ram ac

Lassen Peak 3187m

G r e a t

Winnemucca L Golconda

s gh ou Trg e rn n v e R a Rye Patch Se Reservoir

Tuscarora

reek

36

Mount ain s

S

kC

Ri

Central Valley

Redding

rt ese

iv er

ld t

Eagle Lake

Paradise Valley

bo

Observation Peak 2427m

Red Bluff

King Lear Peak 2720m

McAfee Peak 3182m

dence

Fox Mountain 2494m

Madeline

Fall River Mills

Burney

ver

Lower Lake

Adin Bieber

1

Matterhorn 3304m

um

Ri

t Pi

Eagle Peak 3015m

Big Mountain 2593m

Mountain City

Granite Peak 2966m

Duffer Peak 2864m

Massacre Lake

Cedarville Middle Alkali Lake

Alturas Canby

er

Catnip Mountain 2223m

Jackpot

Owyhee

McDermitt

Trident Peak 2558m

O

H

A

D

I

epen

y lle Va i Big unta Mo

ns

Riv

Fort Bidwell Upper Alkali Lake Lake

ins

Pit

N

W

In d

Clear Lake Reservoir

Mount Shasta Mccloud Dunsmuir

Shasta Lake

Wa r n e r M o u n t a

er

O

Goose Lake

Mount Shasta 4316m

Weed iv

Tulelake

Lower Klamath Lake

Yreka Montague

G

ck

Dorris

E

Ro

R

32

k

O

V

32

at

lw

a n g e

To i y a b e

M

e

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nc ak e R ange

a

B

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G

ra

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P

R

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Ra

Cree

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Hot

Mo

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Sm

7

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r

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Va

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alk

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S h o s h o n e

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6

A

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as

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to R

R a n g e

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Sacra

Fe a t h e

5

S n a k e

e

C

R

Stil

A

D

A

T

V

E

C r e e k

o u n t a i n s

er

n

i

N

a n E g

Quincy me s Roberts Creek Mountain Carson Humboldt ri 3089m T Sink Nixon Salt Marsh Newark Virgina Peak Black Orland Portola Paradise Mount Callaghan 2550m Lake Butte Chico 3105m Wadsworth Lake Diamond Peak Lake Oroville Loyalton Fernley Elk Creek 3235m Downieville North Schell Peak Sierra City Reno Sparks ee River Hazen Willows Eureka Mcgill 3622m ck Oroville Tru Austin Mount Lola Fallon Biggs Reno-Cannon 2787m Gridley Mount Moriah Lahontan n Summit Mountai 3673m Ruth Truckee Virginia City Live Oak Reservoir Ely 3189m Grass Nevada Donner Pass North Kings Mount Hamilton Valley City Colusa Shoshone 3275m 2160m Bunker Hill Beach ba River rson Ri ve r Peak Fairview Peak W Yuba City Yu Ca 3497m Rive r a lk Marysville 2531m 3143m erican m e A Carson r City Tahoe k Olivehurst R For Lake City Wheeler Peak Connors th Arbuckle 3981m Tahoe Pass Minden Cac m tain 2354 Moun Yerington Currant South Lake Tahoe Mount he C Lincoln Auburn 3509m E Gardnerville re ek Jefferson Lund Schurz ive r 3642m Roseville RocklinSou rR Gabbs Arc Dome Freel Peak th For k Am er ic an Riv er ke Currant Knights 3588m al Citrus Heights Camino Echo Summit 3317m Morey Peak Landing Wellington Woodland North 3123m 2249m Round Mountain Placerville Highlands Folsom Walker Lake Lake Berryessa Markleeville Carmichael Saint Helena Davis Sacramento Luning Mount Grant r Rive Hawthorne 3425m Sutter River nes Mount Patterson Vacaville lumne e Dixon um Ione Mina k o s 3558m Creek M Troy Peak Co Sonoma West Point Devils Gate Jackson 3443m Galt 2292m Camanche Napa Fairfield s Spring Arnold Warm Bridgeport Reservoir Eagle Peak San Vallejo San Andreas Rio Vista Matterhorn Peak 3610m Pablo Murphys Lodi Columbus 3738m Bay Yosemite Mono Lake Martinez Columbia Kawich Peak Salt Marsh Tonopah National Richmond Calaveras River Angels Montgomery Pass Worthington Peak 2866m Sonora Concord Lone Mountain Camp Pioche Park 2185m Lee Vining 2697m 2776m Berkeley Walnut Creek Stockton 36 Tioga Pass Jamestown Peak Boundary Panaca Mount Dana 3031m Mount Diablo 4005m 3978m Manteca River Don Oakland 1173m Pedro El Capitan June Lake Owens Reservoir Stanislaus Oakdale Metropolitan OaklandTracy 2483m Cactus Peak Ri Half Dome Caliente Goldfield 2281m Mount Irish Livermore Riverbank Modesto Coulterville 2900m El Portal 2664m Mount Ritter Crowley Lake San Francisco Hayward r e Tuo lum ne Riv 4010m Lake McClure Ra Fremo Merced Peak San Redwood City nt ng e Turlock d River 3574m Mariposa Mateo r ce Patterson e Alamo M Elgin Milpitas Palo Alto Livingston Sunnyvale Santa Clara Atwater Bishop Groom San Jose Los Gatos ah Mount Humphreys Lake Merced ute Le Grand Pescadero 4263m Gustine Mesa Ri Pine Big n i qu Chowchilla a Felton Jo Los Banos Mormon Peak Morgan Hill Gilroy North Palisade 2260m 4341m San Luis Dos Palos Santa Cruz Reservoir Madera Beatty Watsonville Friant Pine Flat Lake Mesquite Hollister Monterey iv Independence San Juan Bautista Castrov ille Bay nR Hayford Peak Clovis Mendota Fresno 3021m Daylight Pass Marina Salinas Logandale 1316m Sanger Pacific Grove Indian Springs Fowler Seaside Lone Pine Overton Monterey Reedley s Selma i Gonzales v Death Carmel er Mount Whitney in Kingsburg Towne Pass Dinuba as Valley 4418m Owens dy Mud Peak 1511m Soledad Ri Echo Bay sR Badwater v er Lake 1635m Woodlake ng Jumbo Peak Charleston Peak Basin -86m KiHanford Point Sur Visalia 1757m o u 3632m Olacha Peak San Benito Greenfield s Lemoore h Las Vega Nort d 3695m Mea Exeter Lake n Olancha Mountain as Veg Las t Tulare Lindsay 1597m King City Pahrump a i n Paradise East Las Vegas Stratford Haiwee Telescope Peak Strathmore on s ders Hen Sequoia Coalinga McCarran Reservoir Corcoran 3368m Hoover Dam National Tulare Lake Bed Tipton Park Sloan Boulder City Pixley Porterville Avenal Johnsondale Tecopa Earlimart Alpaugh San Miguel Jean Delano Kingston Peak 2232m Trona g Mcfarland Kernville e Ivanpah Ridgecrest Inyokern Lake Lost Hills Clark Mountain Paso Robles Wasco Isabella r 2417m e Cambria v Lake Atascadero Ri Searchlight n r Shafter Mountain Pass Piute Peak Oildale Ke Lake Th o

N

8

Ka

Val

ve

dow

er

Mea

South F o

ct

e

Soda Lake

Devils D e s ePlayground r

s

Goleta

Fillmore

t

A

Carpinteria Ojai

Needles

Ludlow

Amboy

Bristol Lake

Hesperia

Wrightwood Mount San Fernando

N M ew ou Yo nt rk ain s

Los A

g

a v e M o j

12

36

Mohave

P Morovid unt enc ain e s

ngel

n

es Aq

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er

a

Baker

A O N A R I Z

o Riv

R

n

Colorad

a

1455m

Johannesburg

11

13

Lake Havasu

Cadiz Lake

N

Santa Santa Paula Simi Valley Barbara San Bernardino Mountain San Antonio s Joshua Ventura Chan San Burbank Glendale 3067m San Gorgonio Twentynine Palms Tree nel Pasadena Bernardino Mountain Oxnard Thousand 3505m Alhambra Ontario Yucca Valley Santa Cruz Island Oaks Beverly Hills Redlands Springs Whittier Pomona Banning Desert Hot C ol Santa Monica ora e Riversid Inglewood Fullerton d Los Angeles San Jacinto Peak Palm Springs o R Santa Rosa Island 3293m Desert Center Torrance San Jacinto Anaheim Corona Indio rA Sa q ueduct Cathedral City Hemet Santa Mounta A San Coachella Long Beach nt n ta Ana Ro Mecca ai

Parker Dam

Danby Lake

14

er

r

ive

River

M

rk Kern

ng

R

2570m

Ford City

Santa Barb ara San Miguel Island

ri

y

t

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192

Sp

e

s

u

Point Conception

e ang sa R rgo Ama

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uct

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a

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Point Arguello

S

h

in

a

a

qu

g

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V

ni

l

or

R

l

ta

C

Lompoc

Bakersfield

Buttonwillow

Lamont Arvin California City Buena Vista Tehachapi Taft Taft Lake Bed Mojave Harper Lake Heights pi s Boron er a Maricopa Riv h n ave Barstow ac tai Moj h Santa Maria S Rogers Yermo Mount Pinos Lebec Te u n Rosamond an Lake o Raf 2692m M Rosamond Lake a el Mou Los Alamos Tejon Pass ntai Ord Mountain Lancaster 1273m ns 1923m Mountain Oro Grande Santa Ynez Big Pine Palmdale River 2081m Victorville Apple Valley

Arroyo Grande Nipomo

Guadalupe

Vi r g i

ta

li f

to

n

ni

in

Ca

a

C

Be

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un

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Sa

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v

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V

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San

Sa

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O

C A L I F O R N I A

Black Mountain 1104m

San Luis Obispo

10

iv

in

ash

qu

a

ley W

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oa

i

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a Pe

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Range

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Sa

D

oun White M

S i lv

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sc o nci y Fra Ba

Morro Bay

Pismo Beach Grover City

w ich

San

y

9

lo Co

Los Angeles

ra

do

R

15

iv

Palen Dry Lake

e

B

Carlsbad

Julian Ramona Poway

Encinitas

Santee La Mesa

San Diego

Coronado

N

O

P

Q

R

S

Escondido

U

Lakeside

El Cajon National City

ho Palo Verde co a C late an M al ou nta ins Niland Calipatria ch

ell

Westmorland

na gu ins La nta ou

Santa Catalina

Vista

Oceanside

oa

Salton Sea M

San Clemente Island

Gulf of

Temecula

Fallbrook

Blythe

C

a nt Sa

Island s m The towering granite cliff of El Capitan typifies the Yosemite Valley, which is often choked with tourists during the summer months.

Santa Catalina Island ar ba ra Pa ssa ge

edr Laguna Beach oC ha San Clemente n Avalon nel

s in ta

te r Ou

San Nicolas Island

San P

sa Toro Peak Mo un 2657m

C

Channel

Santa Barbara Island

a s n

Huntington Beach

Imperial El Centro

16

Sonoran D e s e r t Imperial Dam

Brawley

Laguna Dam

Holtville

17

Calexico

I C O X E M

Chula Vista

X

40 Y

Z

35

NORTH AMERICA

I D A H O

H

Range

i

Creek

s

De ep

a

r

s Moenko

a

t

e

olo

d

ra d o

D

e s

River

e

r t

Williams

Bill Williams Mountain 2821m

W

n

le C

Humphreys Peak 3851m

Ash Fork

pi

i

Li tt

h

Creek

Kanab

ve

a as

r e

G

Flagstaff

Meteor Crater

k

ee

ee

N E V A D A

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Ri

ff Cli

P

Gr a

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Tuba City

rey Aub s Cliff

NIA

an

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liffs

t

Winslow Aquarius Sedona Mormon Lake Mountains r Chino Valley C Jerome Clarkdale o Hutch Mountain rr BuGranite Mountain ek Cottonwood 2601m re 2324m rC a Camp Verd r i e a e a Riv M Prescott Cl er nta Baker Butte Mayer Sa

k

Cr

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Che

r

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Sa

pa R iver

Hassayam

Dome Moun Rock tains

lorad

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Co

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CALIFOR

ARIZONA

a let

an

ta

kM

Cr

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uz

Ri

tains

ve

r

jo R

A

X

an ge

Sells Keystone Peak 1892m Baboquivari Peak 2357m

I

C

 The flat tablelands (mesas), and the isolated pinnacles (buttes) which rise from the floor of Monument Valley are the resistant remnants of an earlier land surface, gradually cut back by erosion under arid conditions. G

H

I

J

K

O L

Sierrita Mountains

Nevada

al

Riv

ne C rica

s

F

Kaibito Plateau

v er

m Glen Canyon Dam on the Colorado river was completed in 1964. It provides hydro-electric power and irrigation water as part of a long-term federal project to harness the river. E

B ig Sandy Ri

D

fs

C

if

major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

a

no

aw oh M

36

B

E

40

E X I C O

A

ntain

M

Tucson

M

i Mou

New Mexico

Phoenix

a s T e x

Albuquerque

Hualapa

Arizona

Cl

Ok l ah o m a

Sante Fe

chemicals coal defence finance food processing hi-tech industry oil & gas mining research & development winter sports

s

Colorado

a

Canyon en Navajo Mount Gl Rainbow Bridge 3166m Page Glen Canyon Dam

Seligman

Picacho Butte 2210m

r

Lake Powell

teau

Mohon Peak 2286m

ash

Denver Colorado Springs

D e s e r t in

a

o

S o n o r a n

Major industry and infrastructure

Kansas

Utah

sk

The Colorado Rockies are crossed by 32 mountain passes, some as high as 12,183 ft (3713 m). The Eisenhower Tunnel west of Denver carries Interstate Highway 70 straight through the Continental Divide.

ta

Salt Lake City

none

Crossman Peak 1554m

l

Grand Canyon

coni

Mount Hillers 3268m

c

Lake Havasu Mohave untains City Mo B il lW 2462m i ll i am s River Ala mo Lake Parker Buckskin Mounta Mogollon Payson ins ns McDowell Mazatzal tai un Bo Mountains Mountains o Wick enburg rM Horseshoe Reservoir va Lake Vulture Aztec Peak rcu hala Mountains Pleasant a Ha u Bartlett Reservoir 2345m iver q ains r a Morr R istow H unt n lt o M El Mirage Sun City Big Horn Peak Ea Theodore g 1061m Litchfield Peoria Paradise Valley Roosevelt Lake Signal Peak Scottsdale Park Glendale 1487m Avondale Phoenix Superstition Claypool Tolleson Sky Mesa Apache Junction Globe Kofa Mountains Buckeye Tempe Miami Harbor San Carlos Guadalupe Chandler Mountains Superio r Gila Bend Castle Dome Peak G il San Carlos aR Mountains 1155m Reservoir ive r r Floren Hayden ce Rive Gila Bend Coolidge Gila Winkelman Casa Grande Yuma Wellton Table Top Somerton 1333m Mammoth Eloy Sand Tank S Gadsden San Manuel Mountains San Luis Oracle Sauceda Mountains Marana Ajo Mount Lemmon Growler 2791m Mountains Tucson South Tucson un

W y o m i n g

15

bra

Hualapai Peak 2566m

Oatman

Mo

Ne

Kingman

Gila

I d a h o

8627 miles (13,881 km)

Kaibab Plateau

eW

14

4059 miles (6515 km)

o

Kanab Fredonia

Pla

t Cerba ins ta Moun

13

232,434 miles (373,986 km)

Orderville

Es

us

The transport network

Co

Peach Springs

Yucca

34

New industries have helped reduce the region’s dependence on the extraction of minerals and fossil fuels. Precision manufacture has grown rapidly, particularly in Arizona and Colorado. Salt Lake City and Denver are well-established financial centres and New Mexico, the USA’s main producer of uranium, is a prominent region for nuclear research. Colorado is the USA’s most important centre for winter sports.

Wash

Riviera

Mount Tipton 2179m

mento

Bullhead City

 The intricate stalactites of Carlsbad Caverns have grown with the seepage of calcium-rich water, over the last 100,000 years. The huge caves are home to around 100,000 Mexican freetail bats.

Transport and industry

Red Lake

Lake Mohave

Carlsbad Caverns

Hatch Tropic e n o

C

P l Plateau Cany Mount Dellenbaugh d on 2156m n

Lake Mead

Sacra

Petrified Forest

Mount Trumbull 2447m Shivwits

s t a i n M o u n

Shifting gypsum sands produce a constantly changing land surface, overwhelming plants and any other obstacles in Tularosa Valley.

La Verkin Hurricane Washington

Mount Bangs 2442m

Escalante

Brian Head 3446m

Hur

Rainbow Bridge is the world’s largest natural arch. The 309 ft (94 m) span probably began to grow when the sandstone spur of a meandering creek was breached during a flash flood.

B l a c k

12

Parowan Panguitch

Kanarraville

3453m

Mount Dutton 3365m

P aria

Santa Clara

Saint George

 In the arid landscape of Petrified Forest National Park in Arizona, the grain of prehistoric trees has been preserved as a fossil imprint in the rocks. The bogpreserved trees were gradually turned to stone by seeping mineral-rich water.

11

Paragonah

Cedar City

Enterprise

The striking colour effects seen in the Painted Desert come from minerals such as gypsum and haematite, combined with ambient heat and dust.

10

Little Salt Lake

Lost Peak 2291m

Grand Wash

9

Indian Peak 2984m

Newcastle

Parts of the Grand Canyon, which cuts through the Colorado Plateau, are 16 miles (25 km) wide. The Colorado River has cut down 6262 ft (2000 m), exposing rock strata more than 2 billion years old.

8

n

U T A H

Modena

The parallel basins and ridges, which run northsouth along the Great Basin, reflect a major series of block-faults in the underlying bedrock.

7

Californ ia

34

Strawberry Reservoir Spanish Fork Maple ton St raw b err y Payson Salem River Eureka Santaquin Mount Nebo Mona 3620m Nephi Helper Fountain Green Fairview Price Levan Wellington Sevier Desert Spring City Mount Oak City Pleasa Sevier Bridge Reservoir nt Hiawatha Hinckley House Ephraim Delta Huntington Range Scipio Manti Orangeville Notch Peak Centerfield Gunnison 2943m Castle Dale Mayfield Holden Redmond Ferron Fillmore Salina Emery Sevier Aurora Lake Kanosh Richfield Glenwood Frisco Peak Elsinore San Rafael Mount Marvine Knob 2944m 3539m Monroe 2414m Delano Peak re Marysvale ek Milford 3710m Loa Hanksville Bicknell Beaver r Junction Minersville e iv tR Circleville Otter Creek Fremon Mount Ellen 3512m Antimony Reservoir Blue Bell Knoll yC

Sand dunes, 600 ft (180 m) high, have been deposited in San Luis Valley, by winds funnelled through the San Juan and Sangre de Cristo mountains in the Rockies.

The Rio Grande has its source in several meltwater streams, which have cut deep valleys into the platform of the San Juan Mountains.

ta

Uin

Orem Utah Lake Provo Springville

Granite Peak 2154m

dd

Lake Powell

Riverton Midway

Heb Deseret Peak American er City Lehi 3362m Pleasant Grove Fork

Mu

Over 13 million years of weathering has created thousands of spires and pinnacles from the alternating rock strata of Bryce Canyon.

6

R a n g e

dry for extended periods, leaving a pan of evaporated mineral salts in its centre.

South Salt Lake Holladay Park City Cottonwood Heights Sandy City

nge

5

Wah Wah Mountains

The arid, rocky expanse of the Colorado Plateau is dissected by immense canyons of the Colorado River. Desert lies to the north and south and branches of the Rocky Mountains run to the east and west. The Great Salt Lake and Desert lie within the Great Basin, a barren region of parallel mountain ranges which extends into Arizona.

Water level of lake varies according to quantity of run-off received from m The Great Salt Lake is an snow melt ephemeral lake; it can remain

Magna Kearns Grantsville West Jordan Tooele

Dutch Mount 2376m

a Confusion R

Lake is fed by seasonal snow melt

Coalville

Salt Lake City Val Verda

Bonneville Salt Flats

The landscape

Mudflats

Lake

Wendover

Ibapah Peak 3684m

North Ogden Huntsville

South Clearfield Ogden Layton Kaysville Farmington Bountiful North Salt

Desert Peak 2152m

4

When water evaporates it leaves a salt pan

Brigham City

Great Willard Salt Plain City Ogden Lake

c h a t a s

This arid region, characterized by expansive plateaux and spectacular canyons is home to several distinct peoples. The ruins of cliff dwellings built a thousand years ago by the Anasazi people still exist today, and native Americans own one-third of the land in Arizona. Spanish and Mexican conquest and settlement left a hispanic presence which is strongest in New Mexico. The Mormons, who came to the Great Salt Lake seeking religious freedom in 1847, were among the earliest Anglo-American settlers and now make up over 70% of Utah’s population. The region’s mineral wealth drove rapid development in the 20th century, yet the constraints of a fragile environment, including widespread water shortages, may limit prospects for growth.

up Hog tains n Mou

G

Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah

3

M

ro use C

Grouse Creek

W

USA: SOUTH MOUNTAIN STATES

1

32

Snowville Lewiston Richmond Bear Trenton Smithfield Lake Garland Logan Tremonton Providence Wellsville Randolph Hyrum

tains oun

Marble Can er y on

G

Colorado Riv

F

CaBryc ny

E

a

D

B

C

ree k

B

G rea t S al t Lak e De ser t

A

Sahuarita

Green Valley

Apache Peak 2342m Mount Wrightson 2881m

Patagonia

Nogales

M

N O R T H A M E R I C A : U S A – S O U T H M O U N TA I N S TAT E S N

R

S

T

U

 The Bonneville Salt Flats are in the Great Salt Lake. Sodium chloride (salt), magnesium, and other minerals are commercially extracted from these flats.

32

V

W

X

Y

Scale 1:3,500,000

32

Km

NEBRASKA

W Y O M I N G

at

iv te R

er

0 10

20

40

10

0

60

20

Miles

Riv e

nak e

80

60

100

projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

Julesburg

2

Map key Population 500,000 to 1 million 100,000 to 500,000

itt

le S

C o f any Lo on do re

w Bo ine ins dic nta Me ou M

Sierra Madre

r

80

40

28 Pl Sterling Halligan ut h Reservoir So Iliff Black Mountain Reservoir Diamond Peak s Butte ee Pawn 3310m 2944m Kings Peak 1638m Wellington Sterling Elkhead 4123m Walden Haxtun Cache La P s Collin Fort Mountains o Holyoke u dre Rocky Peak s Clark n Ault i R Eaton a Jackson i ve t Mountain 3947m n L u Craig sor o Wind rvoir a Y m Hayden p Rese itt a Maeser Springs National Prew R Steamboat iver Vernal M and Greeley Riverside Park Lovel Reservoir Parkview Mountain Reservoir Evans Brush Estes Park Berthoud Roosevelt 3748m ins Oak Creek Otis Lake PlattevilleWigg Lyons Grand Fort Danforth Longs Peak Myton Longmont Orno Peak Akron Morgan ite River Yuma 4345m Hills Wray Fort Lupton Wh Dacono Duchesne 3691m Lake r Kremmling r Granby Boulder Lafayette Brighton Bonanza ve Rangely Ri Meeker Green Mountain Broomfield ree a od r Denver elwo k Sherr Reservoir Berthoud Pass ve Ari er Ri Arvada Denv Go Last Chance 3494m Commerce City Strasburg Joes r t Ridge Grays Peak Whea n Golde Bonny Aurora 4349m Evergreen Vail Reservoir Englewood Mount wood Lake Rifle Glenwood Springs Minturn Evans 4138m Littleton Sunnyside Burlington Mount of the Stratton Roa Breckenridge fs Flagler Castle Rock rin Holy Cross if Powell 4125m Carbondale Mount l g Limon Fo C 4269m B rk oo Cheesman Tennessee Pass 3177m an kC Pr Lake Ro ice Collbran Hugo Aspen lif Leadville Fairplay Rive r Lake Palme fs r Snowmass Mountain Mount Elbert Fruita 4295m ir 4399m Reservo Antero Green River Woodland Park Calhan Bi Castle Peak Grand Junction Orchard Pyramid Peak gS 4348m 4273m Grand Mesa Mesa Manitou Springs and Kit Carson Cheyenne Wells Buena Cr Somerset y Cr Mount Harvard Paonia e Elevenmile eek Vista e gs Sprin k rado Colo Peak Pikes Crested Butte er 4395m Hotchkiss n Reservoir 4300m Canyo Park Taylor v Elk Peak West i nR 3973m r R Reservoir Fountain iver Delta nc Eads om Co er l pa v Moab Ar i Haswell Canon City R ya 26 s k hg Gunnison a s a n Salida Montrose re Mount Peale Great Plains Ro orge Adobe Creek Pla Blue Mesa Reservoir 3877m G Reservoirs tea Florence Pueblo rvoir Lake Rese u Ordway Meredith Holly La Sal Cochetopa Hills A rk r Las Animas an s a s Ri ve Lamar Granada Ark Uncompahgre Peak Fowler ansas R 4361m Saguache John Martin iver Rocky Ford Lake City San Luis Peak La Junta Reservoir Ouray ain Mount Peak orn e Creston Greenh 4271m Peak Handies 3763m 4357m Telluride Monticello Creede R 4282m La Garita Muddy Creek Abajo Peak no Mount Wilson Center Huerfa Silverton 3463m Mountains Reservoir 4342m rg enbu Wals Blanding Vista Pass Del Norte Monte Electra Windom Peak Wolf Creek Blanca Peak 3307m Springfield Walsh 4372m 4292m Lake Alamosa Hesperus Mountain Vallecito Summit Peak 4033m Fort Kim Cortez 4054m Reservoir Bluff Garland La Jara Pagosa Springs San Luis Trinidad Mesa De Maya San Juan Durango Peak s Fisher R Branson 2082m Manassa 2934m Culebra Peak Flaming Gorge Reservoir

1 100

r

50,000 to 100,000

3

10,000 to 50,000 below 10,000

Colo

fs

Ri

Crystal River

if

ve

r

sh

Riv

ylo

Ta

do

lo

C

ra

iso

U

2000m / 6562ft 1000m / 3281ft 500m / 1640ft

5

250m / 820ft 100m / 328ft sea level 6

r

ins

nta

r

Devil R

g

3000m / 9843ft

ou

n

M et

W

a

K

rty

ive

Di

Gree n R

S

D

A

R

O

L

Hors e Creek

nn

e ng Ra

Gu

er

O

Ru

ch at S aw

Cl

O

C

O

4

4000m / 13124ft

K A N S A S

R

an

ange

Ro

Roan Plateau

eR

rad

o

Gre

en

Ri

ve

Elevation

iv

er

e

iver

de

an Gr

Río

T

Laguna

Isleta Pueblo

M

Jorn

s ain Lordsburg

C

Douglas

M N

E O

Valley

imas

ve

Ri

Pu

iv er

Organ Peak 2704m

La Mesa

Artesia

Wind Mountain 2219m

Carlsbad

New Mexico Phoenix

E X I C O

Land use and agricultural distribution

Salt Lake Loving

P

C

I

Jal

15

pasture cropland forest desert

The urban/rural population divide

O

ra

nd

40

Q

major towns

cattle cereals cotton fruit irrigation

24

X

Albuquerque

Arizona

M

Columbus

Big Hachet Peak 2550m Animas Peak 2597m

Denver

Colorado

Eunice

Malaga

a

O kl ah o m a

Hobbs

Lake McMillan

G M uad ou a

Orogrande

Anthony

G

Miller Peak Bisbee 2885m

Playas Lake

Mesilla

Río

Sierra Vista

Animas

hi ric ahu a

Mount Glenn 2292m Chiricahua Peak Tombstone 2986m

ins Mounta

Cochise Head 2472m

Deming Florida Mountains

Pyramid Mountains

Willcox Playa

Benson

Las Cruces

Utah

Lovington

Mountains

sk

Sante Fe

Dexter Hagerman

Sacramento

Tularosa Mescalero La Luz Cloudcroft Alamogordo Mayhill

bra

Salt Lake City

Tatum

Ruidoso

pe lu ins a nt

Willcox

Hatch

Cookes Peak 2563m

An

Reiley Peak 2326m

re s ns

Roswell

3649m

V a l l e y

nge

Mount Graham 3267m

Central Bayard Hurley

nt ou

Bassett Peak 2336m

tains Moun ndres

Duncan

Silver City

Capitan Peak

3073m oun tains Capitan Fort Stanton Sierra Blanca Peak

Ne

W y o m i n g

a s T e x

Clifton

b i im ta M oun M

no

o u Morenci nt ai ns Pi Pima Thatcher na le Safford

go nt llon ain s

Portales

11

I d a h o

Texico

Elida

ita nM

Carrizozo

A San

M

Elephant Butte Reservoir Truth Or Consequences Caballo Reservoir Hillsboro

Whitewater Baldy 3321m

Clovis

Melrose

Corona

Cap

r

Fort Sumner

Yeso

Gallinas Peak 2633m

S

la

Horse Mount ustin 2911m an Ag 3287m of S Mount Withington Tularosa ins 3083m ReserveMountains Pla Pelona Mountain 2808m Eagle Peak 2983m

Escudilla Mountain 3174m

Lake Sumner

Vaughn

M E X I C O

Socorro South Baldy San Antonio

Gallo Mountains

o M ou M

Gi

a

ive

Laguna del Perro

s no ins

N

Bl

R ck

N E W

Magdalena

Grady

10

Kansas

Baldy Peak 3476m

Whiteriver

Madre Mount 2913m

Alegres Mountain 3118m

Estancia

Manzano Peak 3078m Mountainair

I

Lakeside Greens Peak Mcnary 3089m Eagar

Tucumcari

Santa Rosa

Willard

MoLos P un i ta

Quemado

ek

Black Ra

re

Rio Sala do

Ladron Peak 2797m

R io ada D el Mu G e r t o ran de

Concho

C

Rim

Saint Johns

A

Silver

Snowflake

Show Low

Los Lunas Belen

uerco oP Ri

Holbrook

Moriarty

Canadian River

Califo

San Rafael

Zuni

Joseph City

Ute Reservoir

Pec os R

Zuni Mountains

Manza Mountano ins

Sanders

T u l a r o s a

l

Chambers Petrified Forest

River

Thoreau

Conchas Lake Conchas Dam

as

Gallup

Livestock, particularly cattleranching, is the main source of agricultural income. The region has a long growing season and areas of rich soil, but depends heavily on water for irrigation. Crops include corn and wheat in eastern areas, and chilli peppers, fruit and cotton aided by additional irrigation.

Nara Visa

T E X A S

Las Vegas Jemez Pueblo Santo Domingo sR Gall iv Pueblo in Lamy San Felipe Pueblo Mount Taylor ueva Villan Bernalillo 3445m Rio Rancho Estates Anton Chico Corrales Milan Paradise Hills Alameda Grants Albuquerque Los Ranchos de Albuquerque er

Pue b

Crownpoint

ek

Window Rock Gamerco

olo

Watrous

9

Using the land

Mosquero

Santa Fe

N

oC

Tesuque

Wagon Mound Roy

Peco

Ganado do Wash ra

Truchas Peak Pojoaque 3993m

Los Alamos

Fort Defiance

Ocate

Cre

U

ins Tohatchi

Polacca Keams

Espanola

Springer

Turkey Mountains

Ute

nta

Cuba

M o u n t a i n s

s

ha

ou Chinle

Clayton

Nevada

ain nt ou

rgo

aM

Abiquiu Reservoir

ma

26

Cimarron

Eagle Nest Lake Taos Ranchos De Taos Dixon Chimayo Mora

8

m A glacially-eroded valley in Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. There are 1500 peaks exceeding 10,000 ft (3000 m) within the state, six times the number of major mountains found in the Swiss Alps.

OKLAHOMA

Raton

rnia

M

Rio C

La

sk

O

hu

Huerfano Mountain 2278m

n

rga

toi

n

Questa Wheeler Peak 4011m

Bloomfield

Ca

C

u

Kirtland

Ship Rock 2188m

Navajo Reservoir Tierra Amarilla El Vado Reservoir no

Farmington

4282m

Costilla

Chama

Dulce

M

Kayenta

Aztec

Shiprock

Pastora Peak 2869m

i s t o C r

ua

r ive

Valley

re

e

Sa nJ

uis Valley nL S a R ío Grande

o

Monument

r

d

Y

d

7

R

S

e

urban 80%

0

 Cattle-ranching was introduced to New Mexico via Texas in the 19th century, and has become the principal agricultural land use across this region. T

U

V

W

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Population density

Total land area

34 people per sq mile (13 people per sq km)

424,852 sq miles (1,089,965 sq km)

X

16

rural 20%

Y

90

100

17

Z

37

NORTH AMERICA C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

USA: HAWAII

1

The 122 islands of the Hawai‘ian archipelago – which are part of Polynesia – are the peaks of the world’s largest volcanoes. They rise approximately 6 miles (9.7 km) from the floor of the Pacific Ocean. The largest, the island of Hawai‘i, remains highly active. Hawaii became the USA’s 50th state in 1959. A tradition of receiving immigrant workers is reflected in the islands’ ethnic diversity, with peoples drawn from around the rim of the Pacific. Only 9% of the current population are native Polynesians.

3

Transport and industry

O

Lána‘i

C

4102 miles (6600 km)

43 miles (69 km)

none

none

Hawaii relies on ocean-surface transportation. Honolulu is the main focus of this network, bringing foreign trade and the markets of mainland USA to Hawaii’s outer islands.

E

Hanalei Kílauea Anahola Nohili Kapa‘a Kahala Point Point Líhu‘e Kaua‘i Kekaha Kaláheo Waimea Kóloa n Ni‘ihau Pu‘uwai nel ‘Ele‘ele Makahú‘ena Point ha Kawaihoa Point iC ‘ a

N

l

an

ne

Ch

P

40

50

60

70

Population density

Total land area

189 people per sq mile (73 people per sq km)

6,423 sq miles (16,636 sq km)

F

G

80

100

90

Saint Paul Island

14

Saint Paul

Pribilof Islands

H

d

Agattu S Shem s trai Aga t ya Islan t d Islantu CKrugloi ape d SabaPoint k Buld

0

0

l

e

nd

Kisk

500m / 1640ft

Vega

250m / 820ft

a Isla

nd

Saint George Island

I

R

Saint George

100

200

250 150

Amak Island 200

250

u

t

i

a

n

I

l

s

Unimak Island Cold Bay False Shishaldin Volcano Pass Deer Pogromni Volcano 2857m Island 2002 m Pauloff Akun Island U nim Harbor a k P ass Ak Sanak Islands Akutan Islandutan Makushin Vo Tigalda Island lcano Avatanak Island 2036m Unalaska Island Dutch Harbor nd Krenitzin Isla Umnak Islan d

a

d

n

Segula Island Semis opoch Is noi Little sland Anvil land S it k Peak 1 I in Carlisle sland Tanag 2 Amc Ka Great S Amu Yunaska Isla Island ass 21m hitka P Islan a Is naga Islanitkin Atka nd a Garelo T kt Nikolski Islan land d Seguam i anaga V d a Is d Is la la n Is nd A Herbert Islan d la Kanag tka S o land d 1806mlcano e gu Amukta Is 1307m a Volcano nd a la nd mP Cape S Island s Amlia Is asmik Ada Kagalask P ass tains s n o f u F o o u M r la k nd Dela Island a a ss Isla Islandrof A n d r e nadn o f I s l a n d s s

F

I

C

ds

ss

I

an

Pa

C

s

Isl Fox

e

A D

50

150

or

C

Is

25

100

Fenim

P

sea level

t

50

projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

Point Rat I

a

100m / 328ft

25

Miles

ir Isla

1000m / 3281ft

B

A

tk

2000m / 6562ft

Km

c hi

3000m / 9843ft

below 10,000

Ne Wra Cape ar ngell Is Attu Attu l a Islan n d

Am

4000m / 13,124ft

10,000 to 50,000

38

on ukiver

Elevation

A

r St

E

30

13 rural 11%

Scale 1:8,000,000

100,000 to 500,000 50,000 to 100,000

lin Eto

D

20

ze

C

10

Ha

0

A

Kuskokwim Bay

The urban/rural population divide

Hilo

Hawai‘i

Map key Population

12

E

Aropuk Lake n Newtok Ba y Tanunak Tokso ok Bay Mekoryuk Nightmute Cape Mohica n Nunivak Chefornak Dall Roberts Moun Island ait Lake tain 510m Kipnuk Cape Mendenhall Kwigillingok

Ka Lae (South Point)

 The island of Kaua‘i is one of the wettest places in the world, receiving some 450 inches (11,500 mm) of rain a year. B

S

Hall Isla n Glory of d Russia C ape Saint Mat Upright thew Island Pinnacle Cape Island

Ná‘álehu

Maui

N

I

A

R

Kea‘au Cape Kumukahi Mountain Páhoa View Mauna Loa 4169m Kílauea Caldera ‘Ápua Point Páhala

sto

Saint Marys Mountain Village Scammon Bay Pitkas Point Hooper Bay Chevak

G

11

urban 89%

pasture cropland forest mountain region

A

Hawai‘i

Sound

lB ay Kotlik Hamilton Emmonak Alakanuk Sheldons Point RY

Hilo

Kealakekua

bue

Norton

Camp Kulow Northeast Caiye pe Southeast Ca pe

N

192

Kivalina

Solomon Nome Cape Nome

ce Island

E

Captain Cook

Cape Rodney

Saint Lawren

10

Mauna Kea Wailea 4205m Honomú Papá‘ikou

R iver

Cape Espenberg

Savoonga

t Cape

B

Kailua-Kona

major towns

14

Kalaoa

Gambell

Southwes

sea level

ha

Keáhole Point

N

cattle fishing fruit sugar cane

E

t Cape

100m / 328ft

Cape Hanamanioa ha C há ihá nn en u l A ‘ ‘Upolu Point el Háwí Hálawa

Kaho‘olawe

C

l

iC

13

O

Northwes

250m / 820ft e nn

Kauná Point Lánai

9

500m / 1640ft

eik

Land use and agricultural distribution

3000m / 9843ft

1000m / 3281ft

uk

Little Diomed e Kougarok Island Mountain 875m Cape Wales Brooks Mountain Prince Seward 883m Bre of Wales vig er Mission Riv Port Claren ce rin z Teller Ku it Cape Douglas Council

4000m / 13,124ft

2000m / 6562ft

kp

Shishmaref

122

Honoka‘a Laupáhoehoe

Honolulu

P A C I F I C

8

RUSSI FEDER AN ATION

Waimea

A

12

ircle

i

lák

O

Ha wa i Moloka‘i ‘ i

O‘ahu

tze

Elevation

Pu‘u ‘Ula‘ula (Red Hill) 3055m

HI SEA

Arctic C

10,000 to 50,000

iw

‘ Al a

Kaho‘olawe

UKC

Ku

Pa

C

E

Kaua‘i

5

50,000 to 100,000

A I I

192 Ni‘ihau

100

C

11

80

Maui

The volcanic soils are extremely fertile and the climate hot and humid on the lower slopes, supporting large commercial plantations growing sugar cane, bananas, pineapples and other tropical fruit, as well as nursery plants and flowers. Some land is given to pasture, particularly for beef and dairy cattle.

100

90

 A raft of timber from the Tongass forest is hauled by a tug, bound for the pulp mills of the Alaskan coast between Juneau and Ketchikan.

Population

60

r

I

571,951 sq miles (1,481,296 sq km)

7

below 10,000

Ka

Ha rbo

F

80

1 person per sq mile (0.4 people per sq km)

CH

arl

I

O‘ahu

70

Point Hope

100

40

60

Total land area

6

projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

Pe

C

Using the land and sea 10

20

50

e Wevok

Map key

80

40

Cape Lisburn

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major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

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Honolulu

P A C I F I C

The transport network

The ice-free coastline of Alaska provides access to salmon fisheries and more than 129 million acres (52.2 million ha) of forest. Most of Alaska is uncultivable, and around 90% of food is imported. Barley, hay and hothouse products are grown around Anchorage, where dairy farming is also concentrated.

3

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5

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Tourism dominates the economy, with over 90% of the population employed in services. The naval base at Pearl Harbor is also a major source of employment. Industry is concentrated on the island of O‘ahu and relies mostly on imported materials, while agricultural produce is processed locally.

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Almost 650,000 people live in Alaska, a wilderness of ice, forest, mountains and plains, purchased from Russia in 1867 and twice the size of Texas. The discovery of large oil reserves has brought prosperity to the USA’s ‘last frontier’, while advancing the need to preserve natural habitats and the traditional livelihoods of indigenous peoples such as the Aleuts and Inupiaq.

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The Yukon Delta is a fan of alluvial material eroded by the Yukon River and its tributaries. It is approximately twice the size of the Mississippi Delta.

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Over 40 million gallons (182 million litres) of oil are pumped through the Trans-Alaska Pipeline every day. The oil takes six days to travel the 789 miles (1262 km) from Prudhoe Bay to Valdez.

major towns international airports major roads

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The island Badiraguato Isla Magda nstitución s Ciudad Lerdo lena Matamoros um a y a Angostura Tepehuanes amo Guamúchil is home to sea lions, reptiles and deer. Parras oH í R Cabo San Lá R C e San A Luis del L Viesca Corder Isl zaro IF o a Bahía Santa María d San José San Carlos ORNIA Pericos Nazas Bahía Mag R Isla Altamura El Rodeo La Reforma Santa Rita Punta Coyote dalena M Bahía Pedriceña Santiago agdalena Tamazula Bahía Navolato Isla Santa M Papasquiaro Peñón argarita ua de Isla de SUR D U RANGO l Espíritu Santo Altata Blanco Cuencamé n a v a Melchor Ocampo La Paz San Juan del Río Cedros Pichilingue r en z o San Migu o Quila Guadal el Canat upe lán L Coacoyo San Juan de le SanCosalá Victoria La PazIsla Cerralvo Guadelupe El Dorado Río Villa Madero Cerro Camacho Prieto Punta Arena Juan Aldama Mexico possesses rich Cerro Huehuento 3100m de la Ventana Miguel Asua Atotonilco 3150m Durango Tropic of Ca mineral resources, limited La ncer Cru San Ignacio z Buenavista Nieves Otinapa Villa Unión Santiago El Salto Punta Arena Coyotitán Todos Santos Río Grande e de Dios agricultural land and the Regocijo VicentNombr El Quelite Aserra e Saín Alto dero Miraflores Guerrero Santa Genoveva Cañitas Sombrerete world’s largest Spanish-speaking Pueblo Nuevo Mezquital 2406m Concordia Z A C A T E C A S Villa de Cos Ma zatl Villa án Sa Unión e n José del Cabo population. Most Mexicans are Santo San Lucas an PJiménez S o del Teul Domingo Rosario Cabo San Luca Rí Laguna del Fresnillo s mestizo, although Amerindian Caimanero Valparaíso Ramos Escuinapa Zacatecas communities still exist in the south, Huejuquilla Guadalupe 192 Teacapán Ojo Caliente Jerez de Acap oneta almost 500 years after Spain destroyed the García Salinas Cerro la Ardilla Salinas Tecuala Villanueva 2874m Loreto Laguna NAY ARI T Monte Aztec empire at its height. Much of the arid north is Escobedo Agua Brava Colotlán AGUASCALIENTES Ruiz Tuxp Isla an sparsely inhabited, while Mexico City is one of the world’s most populous Isabe la Isla San Juanito Ojuelos Calvillo Santiago Ixcuintla Isla María Madre cities. Conflict with the USA has long overshadowed Mexico’s development, but Playa Los Corchos Aguascalientesde Jalisco Encarnación Isla María San Blas Teul Jalpa the North American Free Trade Agreement offers the chance for a more benign Magdalena Juchipila de Díaz Islas Tres Marías Tepic Lagos de Moreno de Moyahua Isla María Cleofas Compostela de S relationship, which may help to offset Mexico’s problems of hyperinflation, Las Varas Ixtlán Yahualica San Juan í Ahuacatlán tiago los Lagos foreign debt, unequal wealth distribution and political instability. Tepatitlán RSandeFrancisco Tequila Punta de Mita del Rincón Tala Bahía de Banderas Puerto Vallarta Atotonilco Ameca Miguel Cabo Corrientes Talpa de Alle Mascota nde Hidalgo Tlaquepaque el Alto The urban/rural population divide Cocula Chapala Ocotlán El Tuito o LermaPénjamo í R Tecolotlán Zacoalco urban 74% rural 26% Lago de La Barca La Piedad Ayutla JAL ISC O Chapala Sahuayo Cavadas Corn occupies much of the cultivated area. 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S O F A ME

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or

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Guadalajara

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C

IF

Population

CE

AN

B

C

Elevation 4000m / 13,124ft

500,000 to 1 million

3000m / 9843ft

D

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Nueva Italia Aguililla La Huacana Presa del Infiernillo

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Bahía Bufadero

A

C

I

500m / 1640ft

 Coffee beans spread out to dry in the sun. Coffee, grown mainly on the Gulf coastal plain, is Mexico’s most valuable export crop. F

Ario

Apatzingán de Rosales

1000m / 3281ft

10,000 to 50,000

E

Aquila

Uruapan

Tepalcatepec

2000m / 6562ft

below 10,000

Acapulco

Punta San Juan de Lima Punta San Telmo

above 5 million

Mérida

Manzanillo

P

1 million to 5 million

Volcán Paricutín 2774m Cerro Tancitaro 3859m

Tuxpan

Pihuamo

Armería Tecomán Coalcomán

Distrito Federal

50,000 to 100,000

U AT EM AL A

O

ni llo

Mexico: Administrative regions

100,000 to 500,000

I

C

nza

Colima 4339m

COLIMA

Colima

Map key

pasture cropland forest desert

MEXICO CITY

G

40

755,865 sq miles (1,958,200 sq km)

Gulf of Mexico

17

A

140 people per sq mile (54 people per sq km)

La Huerta

capital cities major towns

cattle coffee corn (maize) cotton fishing shellfish sugar cane timber vanilla

lf

16

Total land area

Land use and agricultural distribution

Gu

15

ITE

Population density

s

used for extensive ranching. Fishing is important, particularly shellfish for export. A soaring population has created the need for grain imports since 1980.

R

13

250m / 820ft 100m / 328ft

192

sea level

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N O RT H A M E R I C A : M E XI CO O

P

Q

R

S

The landscape

T

U

V

The long, narrow, extremely arid peninsula of Baja (lower) California is an elongated granite block, separated from the mainland by the flooded rift valley of the Gulf of California (Golfo de California).

The great central plateau rises gently southwards from the Rio Grande, isolated from the coastal plains by the Sierra Madre Oriental and Occidental. The two ranges converge from east and west respectively, culminating in high volcanic peaks around Mexico City. Further ranges of the Sierra Madre rise to the south of the Balsas basin, skirted by the low-lying Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Istmo de Tehuantepec) and Yucatan Peninsula.

W

Wave action has constructed sand bars which shelter lagoons along the shore of the Gulf coastal plain.

The heavily-forested Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Istmo de Tehuantepec) is a graben; a low-lying trough created by downward movement of the bedrock between two fault lines.

5

Río Balsas Popocatépetl

I

ina s Juárez Presa Nuevo 16 Venustiano Anáhuac Laredo San Carranza Río S a Buenaventura d Frontera Lampazos o Monclova La Gloria Castaños Presa Nueva Ciudad Guerrera Bustamante Villaldama Falcon Sabinas Hidalgo MierCiudad Miguel Alemán Agualeguas Camargo sa

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The transport network Tropic of Cancer

oa l

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Te

mp

3994 miles (6429 km)



16,561 miles (26,656 km)



1801 miles (2900 km)

Y u c a t a n

Tihuatlán

Poza Rica

l

Gutiérrez Zamora

Papantla

Huauchinango

58

Nautla de La Torre

oche

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Fast, modern highways or autopistas now link Mexico City with Toluca, Puebla and other satellite cities, yet distant centres like Chihuahua are still served by narrow roads and an outdated rail network.

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Mérida

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C Piste Umán Y U Ruinas zá Sotuta Celestún Tulum Chichén-It a Ruinas de Mun Maxcanú Ticul ción Becal Ruinas Oxkutzcab Peto sc en hico e la A Calkiní Uxmal Vigía C ax Tzucacab ek d T án ak á i Hecelch ah n de Rejón Tenabo to Bolónché í r itu S an to l Esp er u P llo e ri uc h a de ly ar í ec C Po p h pe m ro li a Fe C Hopelchén Iturbide A Ba Punta Herre Seybaplaya INTAN

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B

a

m

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m A stone figure reclines by the Temple of Warriors, within the Mayan city of Chichén-Itzá. The Maya civilization flourished across the Yucatan Peninsula between 200 and 900 AD.

Tuxpán

El Alazán

o

a

67,564 miles (108,746 km)

9

capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

Aldama

o

t

San Miguel de Allende Molango QUERÉTARO Zimapán



oil & gas textiles

brewing car manufacture chemicals electronics fish processing maquiladoras mining

l

Huejutla

Major industry and infrastructure

BELIZE

e

R

Zacualtipán Tequisquiapan Ixmiquilpan Salamanca Celaya Huichapán Valle de Santiago HIDALGO n Juan Yuriria San Actopa Salvatierra

Moroleón

Oaxaca

AN

8

n

Piguícas 3191m

Puebla Veracruz

Acapulco

Tam

n

e

Silao Irapuato

CE

de

i

Guanajuato

O

Ciudad Mante

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Dolores Hidalgo

MEXICO CITY

7

Oil and gas on the Gulf coast are Mexico’s main sources of export income. Metal mining has declined but the country remains a leading global producer of silver. Manufacturing is heavily concentrated around the Mexico City metropolitan area, while the duty-free movement of goods in the USA border region, under the Maquiladora Mexico (twin plant) scheme, has created new hi-tech and service Mérida growth centres.

GU

Antiguo Morelos Altamira Ciudad del Maíz Cerritos Tampico Ciudad Madero San Bartolo Ébano Laguna de Pueblo Viejo co Pán u Cárdenas Pánuco Rí o Rayón Estación Tamuín Río Verde Arriaga Ciudad Higos Laguna de Tamiahua Valles Santa María del Río Tanquián San Ciro Cabo Rojo Tempoal Magozal San Felipe Naranjos Tamazunchale San Luis GUANAJUATO de la Paz Jalpán í Tantoyuca Tamiahua

San Luis Potosí

Gulf of

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A

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IC

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Allende General Terán Saltillo Santiago S Laguna Montemorelos os an F General Madre o ConchMéndez erna Cepeda Rí LE Ó N nd o San Rafael Burgos Linares Hualahuises San Fernando Cruillas San Carlos Galeana Villa Mainero Concepción del Oro San José de Raíces Villagrán TAM AUL IPAS Nuevo La Ascensión Hidalgo Jiménez San Tiburcio Padilla Aramberri Abasolo Presa Vicente Río Sot o Soto la Marina La Pesca Zaragoza Guerrero Cedral Vanegas Cerro Peña M Catorce

Transport and industry ER

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AM

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fo

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lf

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O NUEVO Hidalgo Santa Catarina

UN Tijuana

IZ

la

C

6

The highlands of Chiapas are a series of horsts, blocks of land thrust upwards between two fault lines. Volcanic cones have developed where lava has flowed out from the faults.

do

R Hidalgo

b

The unstable, earthquake-prone, upland basin around Mexico City was once a region of shallow lakes. Flood control measures and domestic consumption over the last four centuries have caused the virtual disappearance of this surface water.

m Popocatépetl is a dormant volcano, part of the Pacific ‘Ring of Fire’. The crater is over half a mile (1 km) wide.

A

E

Sa

4

EM AL

M

Nueva Rosita Sabinas Río

3

Sierra Madre Occidental

m The Gulf of California (Golfo de California) began to open out about 4 million years ago as a result of rifting and plate displacement along transform faults.

Villa Acuña

Piedras Negras

2

m Tropical rainforest abounds in the Yucatan Peninsula, a broad, low limestone shelf. Rivers are rare due to the porous nature of limestone, so the forest is mostly fed by streams and underground water.

Spreading oceanic ridge

Edge of continental crust

Zaragoza Nava Allende Villa Unión

1

Rio Grande

Gulf of California

Transform fault

Jiménez San Carlos

The dormant cone of Volcán Pico de Orizaba is, at 18,700 ft (5700 m), the highest peak in Mexico. In North America, only Mount McKinley and Mount Logan are taller.

Direction of plate movement

Baja California

Presa La Amistad

Y

Sierra Madre Oriental

Formation of the Gulf of California

A

X

Hon

N

E

G

Golfo de ec Tehuantep

A

N

Tapachu

ero Puerto Mad

U

17

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Ciudad Hid

X

Y

Z

41

o

BELIZE P e ORANGE Indian Chur n i nAltun Ha ch s u l

Tikal

San Ignacio

Xunantunich

BELMOPAN Santa Elen

a Benque Viejo del Carmen

Flores

San Benito

a cint ma su

CAYO

La Libertad

Sayaxché

Dolores

a

Río de la Pa sió

M

n

BELIZE

Ciudad Melchor de Men cos

Lago Petén Itzá

Sibu

Belize City

Middlesex

STANN CREEK

R e e f

an d Río U

New River Belize City Hill Bank Lagoon

Turneffe Islands Lighthouse Reef

M

C A R I B B ISLAS DE LA BAHÍA

Glovers Reef

Victoria Peak 1120m

Richardson Peak 1000m

M TOLEDO

L

64

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rC han nel a r r i e r

PETÉN

ac

a

WALK

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 Lighthouse Reef is one of a series of coral reefs lying off the coast of Belize in the shallow waters of the Caribbean.

Bocar Bacalar Chico Ambergris Cay San Pedro

ne

lL

E

de

Caledonia

In

an Pe

COROZAL Orange Walk

Bel ize

X R ío S

ro

r ra

40

E

San Luis

Monkey River Town

Lubaantun

A

Gulf of Honduras

San Antonio

ac

lb a

l

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n

Isla de Guanaja Isla de Roatán Roatán ahía a B l e s d Punta Gorda la San Mateo Isla de Utila Is Ixtatán Barillas Modesto Mendez Sarstoon Bahía de Punta Mana Punta Caxinas EHUETENANG bique Amatique JacaltenanHU O go Sol Rí Punta Sal oma Trujillo Si Chisec Río Puerto Cortés Iriona Lívingston C er IZABAL La Ceiba to QUICHE Balfate o s ra ALTA VERAPAZ Puerto Barrios Limón in i í d Santo Río Cu Tomás de Castilla Brus Laguna D San Pedro Carchá ilco o Sel e l o Nebaj Chajul Tela ATLÁNTIDA e u n COLÓN ó eg u El b Esto s d g r COR a TÉS Cuc a Cobán ah Tocoa A La Masica Lago de Huehuetenango Rí o C huma b r e Río Pico Bonito í 2435m m c San i l o o c h P Mora o t í Cri San anes o les stóbal Verapaz R Pedro Sula R Izabal Volcán Tacaná SAN a N Panzós Savá a iller 4093m MAR n El Progreso ca Laguna de Olanchito Macuelizo Cord Los Amates agu COS ecó Si l Volcán Tajumulco t e Villanueva R í o C h am o er r Jocón Caratasca BAJ s A San Esteban VER APAZ 4220m Santa Cruz del Potrerillos Río M YORO ina Qu é a de Ch SANTA Chichicastenich San Marcos u ac ús Rabinal Salamá S i Pico Pijol l a s M Gualán ang Santa e Monte GRACIAS Rita o Mucupina d e a r r BÁRBARA Totonicapán 2152m Quezalten A Zacapa Represa El Cajón2282m ango Lag CIUDAD DE A DIOS La Unión Colomba Victoria Yoro o de d e Dulce Nombre de Culmí Gualaco COPÁN Sant a Sololá GUAT Ciudad Tecún Um Santa Bárbara Cop r án Ati Ruin Río Co tlán as ate a Rosa r peq ue EM án Río ú e AL p W a m San A i Francisco de Chi Gua la Paz quim stat S oya ula Chimaltenango(GUATE La Sula de Copán Lago de Yojoa MALA CITY) co Libertad Catacamas Santiago Atitlán Patzicía Salamá Río Telica Tilapa Kaminalj Jalapa Retalhuleu Ciudad Vieja uyú Que zalte pequ e La Aurora Mazatenango San Luis Esqu Ant ipulas Gracias igua Guatemala Siguatepeque Comayagua Volcán de Jilotepeque Santa Lucía Aca Cedros Waspam Guaimaca Campamento Juticalpa Lago de Amatitlán OCOTEPEQUE Cerro Las Minas tenango Nueva Ocotepeque Cotzumalguapa Champerico e COMAYAGUA FRANCISCO gua R í 3976m 2827m Volcán de Pacaya a San Marc r os OLANCHO Juti o Gu ayap Montañas de Comaya apa Metapán La Palma Pueblo Nuevo late le ue 2552m l n INTI i BUC Á La Paz á Escuintla rd aq Cuilapa Tiquisate Coyo La al Asunción Mita Cerro Villa de MORAZÁN Cerro Zarzalar ío Co Cel La oJ Ulmukhuás Gomera Pital Esperanza Su m e 2250m San Antonio Rí Lago de Güija El Bocay d e 2730m El Semillero Chiquimulilla Teupasenti tr CENTRAL Embalse Cerrón LEMPIRA Marcala Barra Nahualate n E REGIÓN AUTÓNOMA Santa Ana DISTRICT EL PARAÍSO Grande a Chalatenango LA PAZ L e mp a Chalchuapa er Bonanza TEGUCIGALPA Volcán de San Salvador 1893m Toncontín San José Iztapa ill d Agu ilare s r Ahuach Wina ATLÁNTICO NORTE Sensuntepeque Co Danlí Río Go Volcán de Santa Ana 2365 apán Mejicanos La Rosita m Yuscarán Jalapa San Delgado Cojutepe Río Torola Ciudad Barrios Sonsonate El Paraíso JINOTEGA Cerro Saslaya Nueva que C Luis o r 1990m d Lago i e Sabanag San l de l u rande e Salvador ra Cacag uatiq 192 NUEVA Acajutla SANIlopango San Vicente Siuna San Francisco Mogotón Punta Remedios Ocotal 2107m SEGOVIA SALVADOR Volcán de San Vincente 2182m VALLE í La Libertad Zacatecoluca Chinameca Nueva Guadalupe b o Nacaome ho San Salvador Alamikamba ana C Santiago San San Lorenzo ío Somoto MADRIZ Mig uel R Volcán de R í Cerro de María San Migue oP Condega l 2130m La Unión Chachagón CHOLUTECA r inz Jiquilisco Usulután Pueblo ap o l k a 1804m San Rafael Amapala Choluteca Nuevo Lago de Makantaka El Salvador: del Norte San Juan de Limay Intipucá Gulf of u T m Apanás o í La Cruz de a R Cedeño ESTELÍ ra Administrative regions Cerro Musún Río Grande e Fonseca M Estelí a l t e a Somotillo g al p a Jinotega i l MATAGALPA 1700m ed Río Grande Potosí rd nd AHUACHAPÁN CABAÑAS Villa Nueva Punta La Sirena ra C o C ordil l e ra D ar i e n s e G SANTA ANA LA PAZ La Trinidad Río Kur inwas Cosigüina o Matagalpa Rí SONSONATE SAN VICENTE CHINANDEGA Sébaco LEÓN CHALATENANGO USULUTÁN Muy Muy El Viejo Ciudad Darío Esquipulas LA LIBERTAD SAN MIGUEL Chinandega Chichigalpa SAN SALVADOR MORAZÁN

N

R Pa ío z

10

20

Miles

60

80

100 60

40

80

100

o

Corinto

A

120

N

Telica

León

Masaya

Jinotepe CARAZO

Casares

N I C A R AG UA

EX

M

MANAGUA

D

E

capital cities major towns

oP au lay á

oP at u

Rí

 Bananas are harvested throughout the year along the Caribbean coast. Bananas are a perishable commodity and the plantations rely on good railway links to the ports for rapid distribution.

A

C

Rn a

B

San Marcos Parrita

P

196,721 sq miles (509,640 sq km)

río Río F

Total land area

er

Population density

90

ill

80

A

70

SE

60

N

50

SAN JOSÉ

EA

SAN SALVADOR

E L S A LVA D O R

C O S TA R I C A ' E

C

40

San Ignacio

B

HONDURAS

O

30

197 people per sq mile (76 people per sq km)

A

42

20

Golfo de Nicoya

SAN JOSÉ

Quepos

TEGUCIGALPA

C

17

10

Península Caldera de Nicoya Paquera

IB

GUATEMALA CITY

FI

0

PUNTARENAS Grecia Heredia Alajuela Puntarenas San José

R

BELIZE G UAT E M A L A

cattle bananas coffee cotton corn (maize) shellfish sugar cane timber

100

Volcán Arenal Quesada Volcán Poás Volcán 1916m C o r d 2704m Barva il San Ramón l e r a 2906m

GUANACASTE

Nicoya Puerto Jesús

Cabo Blanco

BELMOPAN

SAN JOSE

A

' Colon

N

PA NA M A

pasture cropland forest

PANAMA CITY

COLOMBIA

F

G

H

I

J

di o

RICA

C O S TA

Santa Cruz

Belize City

Land use and agricultural distribution

rural 53%

Sardinal

CI

urban 47%

Golfo de Papagayo

de

192

PA

The urban/rural population divide 16

Los Chiles Upala

o In

S ío Ju a n Volcán Miravalles G ue uan2028m q lo ac pi s a st ALAJUELA San Car m HEREDIA e Liberia Arenal Puerto Bagaces Tilarán Laguna Altamira Viejo Filadelfia Cañas a

A

15

Península Santa Elena

Rí

El Castillo de La Concepción

San Carlos

C

About half of all agricultural produce is exported. Five commodities dominate commercial farming: bananas, grown on the humid coastal lowlands of the Caribbean; coffee; cotton; sugar and beef on the Pacific side of the isthmus. Corn is the main subsistence crop and many varieties are grown, supplemented by beans, squashes and sorghum. Large areas of tropical rainforest are commercially exploited, causing concern about deforestation.

RÍO SAN JUAN rd

14

os

RIVAS

San Juan del Sur

Co

Using the land and sea

Volcán Mombacho 1365m

La Cruz

O

Muelle de los Bueyes

Santo Tomás Acoyapa

Granada

Nandaime Lago de Nueva GRANADA Nicaragua Guinea da Morrito Alta Gracia Río Punta Gor Belén Volcán Concepción 1610m Rivas San Miguelito Isla de Ometepe

The natural beauty of tropical Central America belies the civil strife which has long plagued this region. The imprint of Spanish colonization prevails in the official language and Catholic religion of the people, who are mostly of mixed heritage. Indigenous Maya peoples remain most numerous in Guatemala. The USA has frequently intervened in Central America, purchasing from Panama the right to build the canal in 1903, and sponsoring guerrilla activity in Nicaragua during the 1980s. Initiatives for a common market with Mexico offer hope of overcoming foreign economic dependency and attaining the relative prosperity enjoyed by Costa Rica. However, gaping disparities of wealth and land ownership remain fundamental obstacles to peace and stability. IC

Ri

MASAYA

San Rafael del Sur Masachapa

B E L I Z E , C O S TA R I C A , E L S A LVA D O R , G U AT E M A L A , H O N D U R A S , N I C A R A G U A , PA N A M A

13

N I C A R AG UA

Volcán Momotombo 1360m

Boaco REGIÓN AUTÓNOMA Camoapa Lago de BOACO La Paz Centro uia ATLÁNTICO SUR Managua Si q o í Nagarote R E R MANAGUA La Libertad El Rama sconío Santo Domingo Tipitapa di d o i co CHONTALES MANAGUA Managua M R ío Juigalpa

Central America

11

Rí

la

el

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projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

10

i co T oT in t

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120

s

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Scale 1:4,000,000

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B

I

RETALHULEU QUEZALTENANGO TOTONICAPÁN SOLOLÁ SUCHITEPÉQUEZ ESCUINTLA CHIMALTENANGO SACATEPÉQUEZ GUATEMALA EL PROGRESO JALAPA SANTA ROSA JUTIAPA CHIQUIMULA ZACAPA

2

a

Corozal

M

1

c

O

Ho nd

Guatemala: Administrative regions

u

Chetumal Bay

N R iv e w er

Y

C

ya

B

n

A

ts

NORTH AMERICA

K

L

M

C

NORTH AMERICA: CENTR AL AMERICA N

O

P

Q

Over 40 active volcanoes line the Pacific coast north of Panama, including Volcán Tajumulco which, at 13,846 ft (4220 m), is the highest point in Central America.

 The 990 ft (300 m) deep crater occupied by Lake Atitlán (Lago de Atitlán) was created after a volcanic explosion caused the original cone to collapse in on itself. On its shores lie other volcanic cones.

S

E

R

S

The high plateau of the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes is a horst, an upthrusted block of land. The limestone rock is deeply incised with canyons along the plateau edge.

T

U

V

Soil erosion and mass-movement of hillslope material is a major problem on the coastal hills of El Salvador, increased by deforestation and over-intensive farming.

Arrecifes de la Media Luna

Y

1

The Sierra Madre range spreads west from Mexico, between the narrow Pacific coastal plain and the limestone lowland of Petén. Parallel hill ranges sweep across Honduras and extend south, past the Caribbean Mosquito Coast, to lakes Managua and Nicaragua. The Cordillera Central rises to the south, gradually descending to Lake Gatún (Lago Gatún). A highly active volcanic belt runs along the Pacific seaboard from Mexico to Costa Rica.

Low, white limestone cliffs, mangrove swamps and coral reefs characterize the coast of Belize, which is part of the Yucatan Peninsula.

2

Deep ocean where swell is greatest

Main reef supports diverse fauna

Over half of the route of the Panama Canal runs through Lake Gatún (Lago Gatún), the highest stretch of the journey. The freshwater lake also acts as a holding reservoir for the canal, providing water to operate the locks.

The Gulf of Fonseca, the Río San Juan and lakes Nicaragua and Managua occupy a major rift valley, which runs across the isthmus.

X

The landscape

Lake Petén Itzá is typical of the swampy depressions or bajos of the Petén region, formed by intense weathering of limestone in the hot and humid climate.

Sierra Madre

A

W

3

Still waters Branching coral encourage the growth of  The coral reefs off the coast of Belize, globular coral

4

are distinctly zonal. The main reef development lies out in the deep ocean. Coralline features develop in the ocean’s high-energy water which are quite different to those in the enclosed lagoon.

Lake Managua

5

Puerto Lempira Cabo de Gracias a Dios Arrecife Edinburgh

co Co Río Boom Laguna Bismuna

Lake Nicaragua (Lago de Nicaragua) contains around 400 islands, some of which are active volcanoes. Unique freshwater species of shark and swordfish have evolved over the long period since the lake was cut off from the Pacific by a belt of volcanic cones.

C o a s t

Cayo Muerto

Tuapi

 An ox-drawn plough tills fields of tobacco in the Copán region of Honduras. Only about 25% of the land is cultivated, in this sparsely-populated country.

ala

O

BELMOPAN

A

E L S A LVA D O R

CI FI

C O

C

Monkey Point Punta Gorda

500,000 to 1 million

4000m / 13,124ft

100,000 to 500,000

3000m / 9843ft 2000m / 6562ft

10,000 to 50,000

1000m / 3281ft

below 10,000

Barra del Colorado Río Chir ri pó

C

Volcán Irazú 3339m

Siquirres Matina Río Chi r r ip Atlántic ó o

Re Rí veno taz

ón

CARTAGO

l

A

Limón

Turrialba

ParaísoC Cartago e n t ra

Cerro La Muerte Cerro Chirripó 3491m Grande 3819m

Bribri Rí

COLOMBIA

14,994 miles (24,135 km)

918 miles (1478 km)

1912 miles (3077 km)

3797 miles (6112 km)

capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

12

100m / 328ft

13

R

I

B

Guabito oS ixaola Changuinola

B E A N

S E A

Archip de San iélago Blas ta San Isabel El Por venir

Portobelo

 Panama’s rainforests are home to many mammals which originated in North America, including jaguars, tapirs and deer, as well as sloths, anteaters and armadillos, which long ago migrated from South America.

15

re s

un

aq

ue

Rí

A

16

BI

M

54

O

Jaqué

54

uira oT

B al s a s

Tonosí

Río

A N

Cerro Hoya 1560m

Pedasí Punta Mala

ú

E

LOS SANTOS

de Azuero

Sa

C

Isla Cébaco

14

l de a n

uc Ch

Rí o

N

á Golfo de Panam

Península

Isla de Coiba

A

Rí o

e jo

C

O

A

M

A

N

Río San Pablo

Chir iquí Vi

I

P

l én

ol a Cricam

Río

lce Du

F

Be

ío

o KUNA YALA Colón AlaLag juela hag Aligandí C ordi l l e ra d e S an Cristóbal Istm Bla C Bocas del Toro San Isidro C o r Cerro Kámuk o DE í s A o od R Punta Mosquito Gu lf of KUN Lag MÁ NA gres d i 3554m PA Cha Río Teribe vo Nue de e lle Almirante Archipiélago MADUNGANDÍ Dominical Gatún Chepo Pa Pa D ar ie n ra da Bocas del Toro Bor R ío Buenos la go n La Miguel de KUNA DE de G Ca nam am Se r r Panama City BOCAS DEL Península F ener Aires á no Í te ya ND a n T N Nor a Esc Ba COLÓ WARGA Coclé del n ía Punta océs al Se Laguna de Valiente il al Arenosa al am de San Miguelito TORO rr a Ma Chiriquí Balboa an a PUNTARENAS jé D n ca e Golfo de los Mosquitos R ía Cortés PANAMÁCITY) Chiriquí Grand La Chorrera C Cerro Chucanti ar í Se Puerto Obald ío R G MA rr ab a 1439m ié Bahía de Palmaro sRío rande de Tér rVolcán WEST Capira (PAhNA Chimán Barú a n í a P e d a Santa Catalina n a í a m a t B Coronado Sur á de 3475m Cerro Peña e San Vito Ta b El Valle PANANÁal Punta Chame ñ Blanca NGÖBE asa Cerro Gait Volcán Boquete a Archipiélago 1314m rá m Cerro Chorcha 1173 Isla del Rey as Perl G de las Península o EMBERÁGolfito l BUGLÉ lfo CHIRIQUÍ 2238m n t r a CO CL É Penonomé San Carlos San Miguel de Osa La Palma WOUNAAN C o r d i l l e r a C e Fé La Concepción va Bra ta Pun Santa a Antón David Quebrada Cerro Santiago Río Hato Cerro Tacarcun Yaviza Isla San José Golfo de Cañazas DA RI ÉN Guabo 2121m Calobre 1875m l Unión San Mig uel Rí El Real adulce Alanje Pedrega Agu o S San Francisco Chocó Horconcitos Bahía Punta Garachiné é a nt Puerto Armuelles a Garachin Remedios Cerro Pirre Isla Sevilla de Parita Santiago Mar í a 1200m Las Palmas m Isla Parida b Monagrillo Parita í Golfo VER AG UAS Cerro Setetule de Chiriqu Montijo Ocú Soná 1220m tré Chi RÁPunta Burica BE os EM Sant Los Jesús Río de A a HERRER Las Tablas WOUNAAN Guarumal Ponug Macaracas

I

11

sea level

Punta Mona

Telire Río

250m / 820ft

44

PANAMA CITY

N

10

The completion of a major oil pipeline across Panama in 1982 has reduced crude oil shipments via the Panama Canal, further contributing to a long-term decline in canal traffic.

500m / 1640ft

Río Colorado

' Colon

The transport network

1 million to 5 million

San Juan del Norte

A

' SAN JOSE

PA NA M A

Elevation

Population

50,000 to 100,000

LIMÓN

chemicals coffee processing fish processing finance food processing mining textiles timber processing

C O S TA R I C A E

9

Major industry and infrastructure

MANAGUA

PA

Cayos de Albuquerque

8

Most manufacturing takes the form of cottage industries concentrated in the larger towns, and the production of food, tobacco, furniture, textiles, clothing and footwear. The region’s oil and metallic mineral potential is largely unexploited. The Panamanian economy is dominated by service industries, and the country has one of the world’s largest free trade zones at Colón.

N I C A R AG UA

Cayos del Este Sudeste

Map key

Guápiles

SE

Cayos de Perlas

N

SAN SALVADOR

Isla de San Andrés

Punta de Perlas Punta Mosquito Bahía de Islas del Maíz Kama Bluefields El Bluff Bluefields

EA

TEGUCIGALPA

(to Colombia)

Laguna de Perlas

B

PROVIDENCIA

Cayos King

IB

Kara

BELIZE G UAT E M A L A GUATEMALA HONDURAS CITY

SAN ANDRÉS Y

Barra de Río Grande

R

Cayos Guerrero

7

Transport and industry

Belize City

A

Prinzapolka

IC

C

M o s q u i t o

ya

Isla Santa Catalina Isla de Providencia

Wounta

EX

Ku k

Puerto Cabezas

M

Yablis

Ri o

Cayos Miskitos Cayos Londres

Dákura

Río W awa

6

 A geyser erupts from the central cone of Volcán Poás, an active volcano in the Cordillera Central of Costa Rica, which frequently produces spectacular lava flows.

L CO

17

Y

Z

43

NORTH AMERICA A

B

C

J Great Sale Cay

a id

O

or el

T

o d e S a

ne

m The large bar which lies submerged in front of Marina Cay in the British Virgin Islands, has been built up by waves, depositing a bank of sand which partially encloses the islet.

C

Columbus Point

So

ys

ann

N

C

A

Ex

Ch

a

I

Cat Island

n

lag

as

Great Guana Cay

a ce e O

hol

a um C Ex ma u

Kemp’s Bay

th

Anguilla Cays

Arthur’s Town

BAHAMAS

of

pié

Behring Point

Rock Sound

Bannerman Town

Great Exuma Island

an

chi

New Providence

Ch

go é la ipi ch Minas de r A Matahambre

Guanabacoa Matanzas José Martí Cárdenas Guanajay Güines

Nic

THE

Adelaide

en

s de lo

Mariel Artemisa

Fl

Cay Sal

Ar

(HAVANA)

Colorados

ts

NASSAU

Pindling

Andros Town

tar

GU

S

O F LA HABANA

LF

Southwest Point h an n e l e n ce C ov i d t Pr Eleuthera s a e r th Current Island No Governor’s Harbour Linden

Andros Island

San

M

Tropic of Canc er

i tra

Cherokee Sound

ue

I

EX

of

Great Abaco

Berry Islands

Nicholls Town

M

L

Bimini Islands

L

64

Marsh Harbour

Grand Bahama Eight Mile Rock Freep ort Island Nor Moores Island thw e st P C h a ro v i d e n ce nn e l

To n g

3

Coopers Town

Pelican Point

Freeport

K

T

 The Caribbean’s virgin rainforest, seen here in Jamaica, is increasingly at risk from agricultural, industrial and tourist development. On some islands, the rainforest has virtually disappeared.

2

West End Point West End

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

1

Little Abaco

A

16

Cockburn Town San Salvador d Cape Conception Island Santa Maria Rum Cay George Town

O

un

C

Tropic of Cancer

E

Little Exuma Long Island

l

A

Deadman’s Cay Samana Cay Clarence Town a g e Jovellanos Sagua la Grande ass Güira de Melen Ó ba P Cr istó s Col a bal ón Cayo O d lo na Crooked Island Cape Verde an s Palacios A r ld B Fragoso d e ConsoLo Isl Jagüey Grande Santo Domingo a ch Northeast Point lación del Sur Ragged Golfo de Ba e i p ham rra ed e Plana Cays s a g k h Caib Pen i i Pinar del Río arién ía d Island ínsula Guanahacab o Colonel Hill a C Cayo él e Bu e s ibes S Guane r o Long Cay a de Zapata Aguada de Santa Clara h a Range n C Cabo Coco a g a Vista P Placetas o Snug Corner n Pasajeros Mayaguana Cruces de San d e nel na g Cienfuegos Acklins Island Antonio C u aThe Carlton Southeast s s a Cayos de g a Pico San Juan Cabaiguán Nueva Gerona Morón Cayo Romano m Cabo Corrien a a Point S a n Fe P lipe tes Salina Point North 1156m ag ay Jatibonico Sancti Spíritus os Caicos Grand M ic ü Esmeralda Santa Fé e Ca Kew Caicos n Trinidad Cayo a Guajab Ciego a z de Ch Cayo Largo Isla de la Juve Za Providenciales Archipiélago de Ávila an ntud East Caicos los Canarreos nel Caicos West Florida Caicos Islands Nuevitas Little Inagua Harbour urn Cockb Golfo de Camagüey South Caicos An a M a r i a Vertientes Northeast Puerto Padre KS TUR & Point Sa CAICOS ISLANDS n Pedro Gibara Ar Rosa Lake (to UK) Las Tunas Cabo Lucrecia Ja chi Great Inagua Holguín Banes rd pi Town Matthew i é

N

e

nos r g a San

de s í a no BaChochi

c Yu

a at

y

CUBA

e

a

Scale 1:5,500,000

20

60

80

40

100

120 140

160

60

80

100

t 120

140

160

projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

Little Cay man

8

GEORGE TOWN

Owen Roberts

e

Cay man Brac

r

Grand Cayman (to UK)

88,396 sq miles (229,005 sq km)

B

Discovery Bay Lucea St Ann’s Bay Clark’s Town Birchs Hill The Cockpit Dolphin Head Port Maria Browns Town Ocho Rios 551m 545m Country Don Christophers Point Claremont Grange Hill Alexandria Negril Cambridge Annotto Bay Savanna-La-Mar Highgate Buff Bay Little Mount Denham North East London 986m Point Port Antonio Ewarton Linstead Christiana Crab Pond Point Maggotty Frankfield Blue Mountain Bog Walk i Mandeville Chapelton

JAMAICA

C

Port-au-Prince r e a t Santo Domingo e r A n t i l l e s

cattle bananas coffee fishing shellfish sugar cane tobacco

D

Lee

San Juan

R ack Santa Cruz

Malvern 725m

Alligator Pond

b e Great Pedro a n Bluff S ea

Peak 2256m

Spanish Town

KINGSTON

May Pen Golden Portmore Norman Manley Bath Grove Old Harbour Port Royal Yallahs Hill 730m Port Morant Morant Bay Lionel Town Wreck Point Portland Long Bight Bay

SCALE 1:2,500,000

Portland Point

0 5 10 5

Puerto Rico

pasture cropland forest

rd

Isl

Map key

se Les

F

Population 1 million to 5 million 500,000 to 1 million 100,000 to 500,000 50,000 to 100,000 10,000 to 50,000

Elevation

an

2000m / 6562ft 1000m / 3281ft Barbados

500m / 1640ft 250m / 820ft

Tobago

100m / 328ft

Trinidad

SOUTH AMERICA

E

20 Miles

3000m / 9843ft

CARIBBEAN SEA

major towns

20 Km 10

below 10,000

wa

Ant il les

100

Black River

N

r

90

S e a

Falmouth

nel

G

E

Chan

435 people per sq mile (168 people per sq km)

80

S

ica

70

N

e

ma

60

Sangster

A

l

Ja

50

E

C a r i b b e a n Montego Bay

R A l’

40

B

l

er

30

Total land area

A

44

20

B

i

Milk Riv

17

10

Population density

I

t

nnel

0

Cha

Hispaniola

Land use and agricultural distribution

rural 35%

ca

urban 65%

ai

R

Toussaint Louvertu

ds

16

m

A

AT L A N T I C O CEA

Kingston

The urban/rural population divide

Ja

Manley

PORT-AU-PRINCE

Cap Dame Marie Canal de la Gonâve Jimaní Dame-Marie Corail Miragoâne Léogâne NAVASSA Pétionville M a s s i f d e l a H ISLAND ot te Petit(to US) Pic de la Selle Aquin Goâve Chardonnières Cayes Jacmel 2680m Port Salut Île à Vache Pedernales Pointe à Gravois

 Market traders in St George’s, the capital of Grenada, sell a wide variety of fresh fruit and vegetables. The island is known particularly for its spices and is the world’s second-largest producer of nutmeg after Indonesia.

Santiago de Cuba

Jamaica

Jérémie

Portland Bight

ri Ca

Cayman Islands

Gonaïve

0

Camagüey

H i s p

Petite-Rivièree de-l’Artibonite Hinch CanSt-Marc iv iè r al d S t r ti e dador Île de la Gonâve -Mar e bo de Comen c n Mirebalais Arcahaie ite

KINGSTON

b

s

15

n

Port Maria Christiana Port Antonio Spanish Mandeville Blue Mountain Peak Town 2256m Black River May Pen Port Royal Norman Morant Bay

South Negril Point Savanna-La-Mar

ma ha Ba

14

ge

Golfe de la Gonâve

JAMAICA

Sangster

Montego Bay

Using the land and sea Agriculture has long been the basis of most Caribbean economies. Much agricultural land is set aside for cash crops such as ANMOERRTH ICA sugar, spices, citrus fruits, bananas and cocoa, which are grown for export. Diversification is being Havana encouraged to reduce the islands’ reliance on imported Cuba grain and vulnerability to price fluctuations.

sa

Île de la Tortue Monte Cristi r d Port-de-Paix a w Jean-Rabel Cap-Haïtien d Môle-StFort-Liberté Limbé in Nicolas Gros-Morne Trou-du-Nord W d -du-Nor Grande-Rivière Dajabón s

A

C

13

s Pa

HAITI

The islands known as the West Indies form a great arc which trails eastwards from the Gulf of Mexico almost to Venezuela, enclosing the Caribbean Sea. During the period of European colonization, which began in the 16th century, Britain, France, Spain and the Netherlands struggled for control of the area. Some countries remained politically tied to their colonial rulers until late in the 20th century, and most islands’ economies still bear the legacy of the plantation system. A diverse mix of peoples, with roots drawn from Africa, East Asia and Europe replaced the original Amerindian population, creating a unique and remarkably homogeneous culture, reflected in the various Creole languages and musical forms such as reggae and calypso.

12

Quemado

Guantánamo

Bahía de Guantánamo (to US)

Bodden Town

TH E BAHAMAS, GR E ATER ANTILLES, LESSER ANTILLES

11

La Maya

Maestra Sierra Santiago Pico Turquino Pilón 1944m de Cuba

Cabo Cruz

CAYMAN ISLANDS

The Caribbean

9

Campechuela

G

H

M

Miles

40

LO

0

10

l s d a g o Santa Cruz del Sur Moa Mayarí Cueto e l de Punta Guarico a a Golfo de Re los Cauto ier r stal Sagua de Tánamo S Jiguaní in ri Bayamo C l Baracoa a Manzanillo de Palma Soriano Guacanayabo Maisí Punta de

ve r

Km

0 10 20

ne

Bl

7

sea level

I

J

K

CO

r

Wi ndw ard Islands

G

L

A I B

NORTH AMERICA: THE CARIBBEAN P

Q

R

S

NORTH AMERICA

T

W

X

ma ha Ba

Major industry and infrastructure

s

Transport and industry

Y

Caribbean industry remains, with few exceptions, agricultural and export-led, or service-based, supporting the flourishing tourist industry. However, several countries including Jamaica, Barbados, Trinidad and Tobago and Puerto Rico have developed important mineral industries, and Cuba is attempting to diversify its economy by importing capital goods to start up new manufacturing businesses.

Cuba Camagüey

Cayman Islands

3376 miles (5434 km)

211 miles (340 km)

2 wa

rd

Puerto Rico

CARIBBEAN SEA

la

r

Air links are well-developed between most of the Caribbean islands. The importance of the tourist trade has recently encouraged many countries to upgrade their paved roads.

Is

n ds

661 miles (1064 km)

Lee

San Juan

r e a tPort-au-Prince Santo Domingo e r Kingston A n t i l l e s

Jamaica

53,439 miles (86,012 km)

AT L A N T I C O CEAN

G

The transport network

 Cruise ships, such as this one moored at Castries in St Lucia, have become a popular way for tourists to travel round the Caribbean islands, stopping off at several islands for sightseeing and shopping.

major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

Hispaniola

Santiago de Cuba

se Les

Pa

at a

l a Pl

R í o de

ir

ho uc

Mo

Pa Vie saje qu e

0 5 10 5

0

ar i eM ld na a C St-Claude CapesterreBelle-Eau BASSESCALE 1:2,500,000 es 0 5 10 20 Km TERRE l des Saint C an a

20 Km 10

a r in

Te r re

Soufrière 1467m

VieuxHabitants

SCALE 1:2,500,000

S e a

5

20 Miles

OCEAN

C a r i b b e a n

e o u pPort-Louis

C

ss

Sea

Turks Islands ag e

e de Loíza

COCKBURN TOWN

del

NTI

R í o G r a nd

Grand Turk Island

Gu a

Pointe de la Grande Vigie Anse-Bertrand

4

ra Sa nd C Mornec M ul à-l’Eau le Moule ar i Ste-Rose n Grande Te r re Baie-Mahault le Raizet Lamentin St-François les Abymes Pointe-à-Pitre Pointe des Pointe Pe Ste-Anne Colibris t it B a ss e Noire Cu l de-S ac lante Petit-Bourg M e -Ga

Luis Muñoz Marín

Río Grande Cabezas de San Juan Carolina Fajardo Sonda de Culebra e a n r S de d G i Guaynabo e a r r e o í d e Añ R Isla de Luquillo El Yunque Vieques a 1065m Bahía de Mayagüez sco Utuado Orocovis Punta Puerca Culebra Caguas Adjuntas e n Mayagüez t e r Humacao C a Vieques d C o r d i l l e r a Cerro de Punta l s Monte Pirata 1338m Embalse Cayey ra Yabucoa San Germán 301m Yauco Juana Díaz Toa Vaca Sierayey Isla de Vieques de CGuayama Punta Salinas Guayanés Ponce Punta Cabo Rojo Punta Brea Petrona Cataño

Bayamón

(to France) a s s a P G de

d ranatí Río G an de M

Aguadilla Punta San Sebastián Lago Higüero Dos Bocas

(to US)

SAN JUAN

Manatí Vega Baja

Tobago

LA

Arecibo Tortuguero

GUADELOUPE g e Car ibb ean

Isabela

Barbados

AT

PUERTO RICO

A T L A N T I CLagunaO C E A N

3

Trinidad

SOUTH AMERICA

 This rock stack on the coast of St-Martin in the Leeward Islands has been created by wave action which undercut the cliffs, forming an arch. Continued wave action weakened the arch, which eventually collapsed leaving a single tower of rock.

1

sugar refining tourism

fish processing finance mining oil refining

Havana

Wi ndw ard Islands

O

Ant il les

N

0

5

6

20 Miles

10

7

 The Pitons in St Lucia are two volcanic domes; the tallest is 2620 ft (798 m) high. Their steep slopes are covered in thick forest.

a n i o l a e

e

VIRGIN BRITISH N ISLA DS

w

a

r

8

d

Sombrero a) (to Anguill

Vi

orís Santiago San Francisco de Mac Anegada Samaná (to UK) La Vega na Bahía de Samaná u Y o í R Duarte Pico OAD Virg in Gorda Cor O R hes IC Mic R í O ILLA Cotu T R dil Y PUE (to US) ANGUUK ) THE VALLE TOWN l e r 3175m Bonao (to Beef Island Luis Muñoz yd a C El Seibo i n St Thomas Monte Plata la rto Clayton J. Llo(to France) lla n To ui arí AN M JU Ang N P SA n año ti San Juan e n Eng ar or o a Villa bo May hn M Cab o Hat Areci St Jo CarolinFaajardo s s a g e tr Marigot St Higüey e TTE emy a l AltagraciaLas Americas ure Aguadilla Bayamón CHARLO St Bar thélce) Vieques IPSBURGen San Pedro de Macorís que (to Fran AMALIE NDS PHIL Sint Maartds Caguas El Yun5m Neiba San Cristóbal Utuado ) LA an 106 rl na IS l ma La Ro (Nethe Azua Lago Isla de VIRGIN Mayagüez Saba SANTO Cordillera Centra s) (to US) Pa

ss

ag

rg

Ponce

Sint Nicholaas

54

Noordpunt

Curaçao

Hato Airport

WILLEMSTAD

Malmok

Santa Catherina

AT L A N T I C O C E A N

Car ibbea n S ea

h Chaguanas Couva

Arima

Ca Piarco roni River

Sangre Grande

Caroni Arena Dam

Trinidad

San Fernando La Brea Princes Town Point Fortin Siparia

Guatuaro Point Rio Claro

ie Ste-Mar tin le Lamen saire’

e St-Pierr

Killdeer River

Rushville Moruga

S CASTRIE

imie Mount G

Vieux Fo S ai n t V incent Passage

ère La Soufri34m 12

belair Chateau

OWN KINGST

own Georget nt ce St Vin le Arnos Vazabeth Port Eli Bequia ue Mustiq

Grenville

E

Point

KRALENDIJK

Tobago

town Speights hsheba Bat Grantley

ETOWN

Adams

Z

U

E

U

L

V

A

ugh Scarboro

16

oint Galera P

Arima gre Grande San Piarco

d Trinida

ia ro Rio Cla f Par G u l f o n Fernando Point Sa Galeota ia ar in p rt Si Fo Point Bonasse

54

E

DOS BARBA

eville Charlott

Bonaire

AD TRINID O G A & TOB

N

12

BRIDG

(to Netherlands)

F-SPAIN PORT-O

V

11

Canouan land Union Is gh ar riacou ou or b C Hills

RGE’S ST GEO Salines

SCALE 1:2,500,000

el

IA rière 95H0mewanorra ST LUCSo uf rt

DA GRENVA ictoria

Galeota Point

Cé

St Lucia Chann

ENT ST VINTCHE & DINES GRENA

AT L A N T I C

out

n’s M

go

ra

Gulf of Par ia

Matelot Redhead

PORT-OF-SPAIN

D

LA

ibb

e

Bonasse p th e n t ’s

BONAIRE

(Netherlands)

Galera Point

Blanchisseuse Tunapuna

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I

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64

W

Mao Sabaneta

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

Gr T h e e na din e s

Cabo Francés Viejo Cabrera Bahía Escocesa Moca Nagua do Salce

Anegada Passage

Cabo Isabela Puerto Plata

Gregorio Luperón

W

X

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17

Z

45

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

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I

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1

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e C h ap

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ala

tépetl Popoca 5452m

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nR

Cl ipp e

Un io

with the largest, Brazil, covering almost half the continent.

Rise ific Pac C st P A Ea

has an area of 6,886,000 sq miles (17,835,000 sq km). There are 12 separate countries,

Lago d

a Gr

Reaching from the humid tropics down into the cold south Atlantic, South America

5

Río

rie adre O Sierra M

cas San Lupe Ca

South America

4

tal den Occi adre Sierra M

3

Rio Grand

ifornia Gulf of Cal Lower California

Cedros Trench

2

TH

ec ep nt ua dge h Te Ri

ee f s

nts ou am e S

n rto ton Clipper Island

6

Greatest extent, North–South: 4750 miles / 7640 km

PLATE COCOS LATE P NAZCA

Greatest extent, East–West: 3100 miles / 4990 km

I

7 Punta Gallinas, Colombia 12° 28’ N

F

I

Equator

Punta Pariñas, Peru 81° 20’ W Cabo Branco / Ponta do Seixas, Brazil 34° 50’ W

9 Largest lake: Lake Titicaca, Bolivia/Peru 3220 sq miles (8340 sq km) Highest recorded temperature: Rivadavia, Argentina 120°F (49°C)

10

C

NAZCA PLATE PACIFICPLATE

Most westerly point: Galápagos Islands, Ecuador 92° W

8

Most northerly point: Punta Gallinas, Colombia 12° 28’ N

ricorn Tropic of Cap

Antofagasta

São Paulo

Most easterly point: Ilhas Martin Vaz, Brazil 28° 51’ W

Highest point: Cerro Aconcagua, Argentina 22,833 ft (6959 m)

11

Lowest recorded temperature: Sarmiento, Argentina -27°F (-33°C)

Lowest point: Laguna del Carbón, Argentina -344 ft (-105 m)

12 Cape Froward, Chile 53° 54’ S

13

Antofagasta, Chile

Atacama Desert

Andes

Most southerly point: Cape Horn, Chile 55° 59’ S

Paraguay river

São Paulo, Brazil

Planalto de Mato Grosso

14

Cross-section from Antofagasta, Chile to São Paulo, Brazil 15

0 0

line of cross-section

250 500 750 1000 Km 250

500

750

1000 Miles

16

17

A

46

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

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11

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12

ne enti Arg in Bas ne Argenti Plain

13

ent carpm Ewing Falkland Es Maurice k ndwich Tre Ban South Sa d ia Ridge outh g r o e G ia h Falklan Sout eorg S South G E dwich Plateau

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PLAT Bahía Islands ERICAN M E Grande g alkland T F A A PL a TH M SOU SCOTIA of ge t d i i a R a ia Str Scoti Scot Tierra o ea S eg u del F orn Cape H hetland rkney South S nds South Onds Isla h Isla g u o r

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oc

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S e r ra a P a r im

da

Gambia Plain 3

Demerara Plain

T

Ridge

anama

T

Caro

a

Colón

a Vich

A

n nc ma Tre Cay Jamaica an m y ea a N C f ean S CA Gulf oras aribb a C RI u d n E o Grenad H AM TE N L e s s e Isrla de Tobago Punta s TH PLA BEA a b R ru e ta A ri B Bonair Gallina Marga d NO RI TE o Trinida CA PLA la Curaça Penínasujira Ma Sierra a u c dre d de la G osta Ni el Sur Cordillera de la C bian Lake ibo m lo o f o o C ca lf Gu n oc Mara Or i L ak e g u a Mi e seca Basin E Apur d d l Fon Nicara T C A e Am L f au ca Gulf oen N P AN rau ra eri o ari EA RIC A Mosqulfit f Pana D c IBB AMEE ma R Gu s o A TH AT u C a f t o re lf U PL Me na Hig hland s Isthm Gunama a n ch SO Guia emal Pa Urar icoera Guat O la r in su Penínzu ero de A

Basin

1

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s

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NORTH AMERICAN PLATE a SOUTH AMERICAN PLATE Barbud a Antigu upe o Guadel ica Domin ique Martin ucia Saint L rbados Ba

w a rd Is l a n d s

Lee G Pa r e iola rd n a p a is H n Rico Nevis a t Windw Yucata Puerto e r Basin A ugh s n o e t l i l r T h

i

B

ico Trench Puerto R

k

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a

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ma

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s

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ara g uay

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of

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it s

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S

as

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ter

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n

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San Islands

PLATE SCOTIA C PLATE TI C R A T AN

14

cle tic Cir Antarc

15

ell We d d Sea

I C A C T R A T A N

16

17

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

47

SOUTH AMERICA E

F

G

H

I

Physical South America

Headwaters of the Amazon rise in the Andes

Section across northern South America showing Amazon Basin and its drainage pattern.

48

B

C

D

Tocantin s

s

Xingu

S C e

Tocantins

Ara gua ia

os a

Represa de Sobradinho

ão

nd A

la

r ra

Hi

ha

pin

S e r ra

do

n

ia zil

Bra ue

ira

The Brazilian Shield and Gran Chaco

ar

tiq an da M

ço

Es

rra Se Ser ra

Par agu ay

A

Ur ug u

N

ay

ia ot

am

C I C

de la Pl at a

T

Río

O

Mirim Lagoon

A

N

Color ado Río Ne gro

The immense Brazilian Shield underlies more than one-third of South America. It is pitted with numerous volcanic intrusions, and a large basaltic plateau exists between the Paraná river and the Atlantic Ocean. The flat Gran Chaco lies to the west of the shield, covered by sedimentary deposits eroded from the Andes, and transported by South America’s mighty rivers.

L

P A T A G O N I A N P a t a g oC n i a hic o

C

Me

P a m p a s

S H I E L D

n

S

gh

Fra ncisc o

ura

s

da

do R oncador

or m

S e r ra F

ac

Ch

an

Gr

Pa ran á

Lagoa dos Patos

sop

E

Do

Ta

S er r ad eM ara ca ju Pa

s e

d

sea level

A

o

cama Desert

Ata

TE PL A

line of cross-section

A

NAZCA PLATE

physiographic regions

A N

Península Valdés Lago Colhué Huapí

A

T

Volcanic intrusions

Young, folded Andes mountains

Major rivers drain to the south through the Gran Chaco

Ancient resistant shield

Gulf of San Jorge De se do

C

Laguna del Cabón -105m

Bahía Grande

Stra it

250m / 820ft 100m / 328ft 17

SOUTH AMERICAN P LATE

Golfo de Penas CTIC ANTAR

500m / 1640ft

E

l

uncertain

1000m / 3281ft

C

Planalto da Borborema

Ser ra

e ra

2000m / 6562ft

Isla de Chiloé

800

600

projection: Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area

ná ra

aG

conservative

C

400

200

Miles

iapó Ca do

Ser r

destructive

l

4000m / 13,124ft 3000m / 9843ft

na

constructive

de ira

ta

6000m / 19,686ft

0

800

a

16

(for explanation see page xiv)

M

Plate margins

Elevation

1000 Miles

Cabo de São Roque

E

Map key 15

T

C

Salado

400 Miles

o ay m lco Pi

M

400 Km 200

B

S

no

E

200

Y

pla

E A N O C

0

I

S H I E L D

an

S

lti

T

I C

0

T

600

400

200

B R A Z I L I A N

Planalto de Mato Grosso

Lago Poopó

1000 Km 500

os ad s r r ra j á a

P

A

500

0

Ilha de Marajó

jó

Cerro Ojos del Salado 6880m

B Cross-section through the Andes showing the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South American Plate.

pa

ci s

N

s

S

F

13

14

ios

A

I

Lake Titicaca

Cerro Aconcagua 6959m

B

pa d Guap a do oré sP a re

Madr e de D

E

A

C Volcanic intrusions

South American Plate

Nazca Plate

Y

0

O

bo im

D

n

E

TE LA

12

s i n

N

D

ali ay Uc

A

11

a M

Cha

e

S

B

a

Km

N

zon Ama

Ser ra do Ca ch

d

A

The Andean Uplands run along the west coast of South America. They are being uplifted as the Nazca Plate is subducted beneath the South American Plate. They contain some of the world’s largest volcanoes, such as Cotopaxi, and Lake Titicaca which occupies a dormant site. The far south has many large ice-sheets and a fragmented coastline.

r us Pu

A

N

N

A

G U I A N A

Represa Balbina

z o n

Jur uá

-

Cordillera R eal

B

A

P A

10

B

Nevado Huascarán 6768m

NP CA RI E AT PL

9

z Ama on

Mara ñón

E AM

A ZC NA

H UT SO

Punta Negra

A Am a mazon

Putumayo

U

Cotopaxi 5897m Chimborazo 6310m

0

Scale 1:27,500,000

S H I E L D Tumuc-Humac High l a n d s Mountains

ana

S

Gulf of Guayaquil

8

Gui

R

Jap urá

7

The Andean Uplands

Pakaraima M ou

Co

E S PLAT COCO ATE L P A NAZC

AT L

oco

ro Neg io

6

a

l

L

n

in Or

s ain nt

rdil le Co ra Occidental rd i l l e ra Co C e nt ra l rd ill e ra Ma O r gdalen a ien tal

Gulf of Panama

s

o

Bran co

Ca

5

a uc

Mouths of the Amazon

A

Lake Maracaibo

Gulf of Darien

Thick alluvium deposits

A

ul fo fV ene zuel a

4

M

The Amazon river occupies a large depression in the Earth’s crust, formed by the uplift of the Andes. It is covered by thick volcanic deposits and layers of alluvium – these have been laid down by the Amazon’s many tributaries. To the north is the smaller Guiana Shield.

Three major physiographic regions characterize South America. The oldest, the ancient Brazilian Shield and the smaller Guiana and Patagonian shields, form the stable core of the continent. Stretching along the entire west coast are the younger Andean fold mountains with many summits rising to 20,000 ft (6100 m). These two diverse regions are separated by a number of sedimentary basins carrying South America’s large river systems Punta Gallinas to the sea. These include the massive Amazon Basin and the basin of the Gran Chaco. G

3

L

The Amazon Basin and Guiana Shield

M

2

K

Se

1

J

E

D

do

C

ra

B

Ser

A

agellan of M Tierra del Fuego Cape Horn

Section across central South America showing the flat basin of the Gran Chaco and the ancient Brazilian Shield.

Falkland Islands

SOUTH AMERICAN PLATE SCOTIA PLATE

C

I

J

0 0

K

200

400 Km 400 Miles

200

L

M

PHYSICAL SOUTH AM ER ICA N

O

P

Q

R

S

Climate

T

Climate

The climate of South America is influenced by three principal factors: the seasonal shift of high pressure air masses over the tropics, cold ocean currents along the western coast, affecting temperature and precipitation, and the mountain barrier produced by the Andes, which creates a rain shadow over much of the south. m Mild winters and cool summers typify the extensive Pampas grasslands of Argentina.

X

Caracas

Maracaibo

Y

Z

Georgetown

tundra cool continental warm humid semi-arid arid humid equatorial tropical

Equator

1

Cayenne

Bogotá

Equator

Quito

Belém

daily hours of sunshine, January

2

Manaus

daily hours of sunshine, July

Altos

cold wind

Temperature

Recife Lima

Equator

Brasília

La Paz Santa Cruz

20° S Tropic of Capricorn

4

Belo Horizonte La Quiaca

40° S

Rio de Janeiro

pricorn Tropic of Ca

Average January temperature m Chile’s hyper-arid Atacama Desert is renowned as one of the driest places on Earth.

Antofagasta

Tropic of Capr

icorn

5

Average July temperature

Temperature

Equator

Santiago

Buenos Aires

6

Montevideo

Concepción Pam pero s

Rainfall

Porto Alegre

Córdoba

below -30°C (-22°F) -30 to -20°C (-22 to -4°F) -20 to -10°C (-4 to 14°F) -10 to 0°C (14 to 32°F) 0 to 10°C (32 to 50°F) 10 to 20°C (50°F) 20 to 30°C (68 to 86°F) above 30°C (86°F)

20° S Tropic of Capricorn

Asunción

7

Rainfall

40° S

200–300 mm (8–12 in) 300–400 mm (12–16 in) 400–500 mm (16–20 in) more than 500 mm (20 in)

0–25 mm (0–1 in) 25–50 mm (1–2 in) 50–100 mm (2–4 in) 100–200 mm (4–8 in)

Average January rainfall

Average July rainfall

Stanley

m Tropical conditions are found across over half of South America. When both rainfall and temperatures are high, hot humid rainforests prevail.

Shaping the continent South America’s active tectonic belt has been extensively folded over millions of years; landslides are still frequent in the mountains. The large river systems that erode the mountains flow across resistant shield areas, depositing sediment. Present-day glaciation affects the distinctive landscape of the far south.

8

Chemical weathering 1 Table mountains (left) are the eroded remnants of an ancient upland. As water percolates along cracks in these high, flat-topped mountains it forms intricate cave systems. Chemical weathering also isolates large blocks which then collapse, accumulating as rockfalls at the foot of scarp slopes.

Mass movement 6 Debris slides are common in the highlands of South America (left). They occur where soil on a slope is saturated by rainwater and therefore less stable. The actual slides are often triggered by earthquakes.

Smooth summit dissected by deep gorges

Scarp face left after soil has moved to the base of the slope

10

River systems

Rainfall

2 Along the Amazon (above) there is a great variation in rates of erosion. As the headwaters of the Amazon flow down from the Andes, they erode and transport vast quantities of sediment, and are known as whitewaters. Across the shield areas erosion rates are very low. These rivers, carrying rotting vegetation, are called blackwaters.

Run-off surges down caverns as waterfalls

The evolving landscape

Failure plane

9

Chemical weathering: Erosion of the Guyana Shield

Toe of debris slide

Mass movement: A section of a debris slide

1

Whitewater river

11

12

Blackwater river Little erosion in shield areas

6

13

Confluence of whitewater with blackwater

2 River systems: Suspended sediments in the Amazon

4

14

Landscape

Folding

Deposition

5 Folding occurs beneath the surface under high temperatures and pressures. Rocks become sufficiently malleable to flow and not fracture as tectonic plates collide. In the Valley of the Moon in Chile (above), anticlines (or upfolds) and synclines (or troughs) have been exploited by erosion.

4 Large alluvial fans are found extensively across South America (above). Confined mountain rivers, carrying large quantities of eroded material, emerge from a mountain gorge onto the plains, where they deposit their load in huge fans.

Fold axis

Unstable front in deep water, where ice is fracturing

Confined stream in the mountains Anticline

Subsequent fan

Syncline

O

Glacier was grounded against a shoal

Fan forms as stream emerges onto the plain

Fold axis

Folding: Synclines and anticlines

3

Deposition: Formation of an alluvial fan

P

Q

R

Original extent of glacier Icebergs

Stable front

Mountain front

N

uplifting land stable land sinking land glacier ocean current aluvial fan inselberg river

5

S

T

Glaciation: Retreating glacier in Patagonia

V

W

X

15

Glaciation

16

3 As fjord glaciers in Patagonia (above) retreat, they become grounded on shoals. In deeper water the base of the glacier becomes unstable, and icebergs break off (calve) until the glacier snout grounds once more.

Y

17

Z

49

SOUTH AMERICA A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

Political South America

1

M

 Europe retains a small foothold in South America. Kourou in French Guiana was the site chosen by the European Space Agency to launch the Ariane rocket. As a result of its status as a French overseas department, French Guiana is actually part of the European Union.

Modern South America’s political boundaries have their origins in the territorial endeavours of explorers during the 16th century, who claimed almost the entire continent for Portugal and Spain. The Portuguese land in the east later evolved into the federal states of Brazil, while the Spanish vice-royalties eventually emerged as separate independent nation-states in the early 19th century. South America’s growing population has become increasingly urbanized, with the expansion of coastal cities into large conurbations like Rio de Janeiro and Buenos Aires. In Brazil, Argentina, Chile and Uruguay, a succession of military dictatorships has given way to fragile, but strengthening, democracies.

3

L

Scale 1:21,500,000 Km

4

0

100

100

Miles

5

Cúcuta

Maracaibo

Paramaribo

Cayenne

Cali

6 Quito

Belém Manaus

Guayaquil

Santarém Trans-Amazon Highway

7 can er i y Am a n- hw Pa Hig

Callao

Porto Franco

Humaitá

Picos

Porto Velho

Barreiras

Salgueiro

Recife Maceió

Feira de Santana

Aracaju

Brasília

La Paz

Goiânia

Santa Cruz

Arica Campo Grande

São José do Rio Preto

Languages

Belo Horizonte

Prior to European exploration in the 16th century, a diverse range of indigenous languages were spoken across the continent. With the arrival of Iberian settlers, Spanish became the dominant language, with Portuguese spoken in Brazil, and Native American languages such as Quechua and Guaraní, becoming concentrated in the continental interior. Today this pattern persists, although successive European colonization has led to Dutch being spoken S H in Suriname, English in Guyana, and French in French Guiana, ENGLISH while in large urban areas, DUTCH FRENCH Japanese and Chinese are increasingly common. A

Vitória Ourinhos Pan-Ameri Highwaycan

Antofagasta

10

Transport major roads and motorways major railways international borders transport intersections international airports major ports

11

Santos Curitiba Paranaguá

San Miguel de Tucumán Resistencia Santa Maria

Coquimbo

Rio de Janeiro

São Paulo

Asunción Apucarana

Salta

Porto Alegre

Sante Fe

Córdoba Rio Cuarto

Buenos Aires

I

N

Montevideo

I

P

B

Mar del Plata Bahía Blanca

S

W

Q

A

U

Puerto Montt

N

A

Neuquén Zapala

R

12

R

A

A

Talcahuano Concepción

A

San Rafael

Rio Grande

Rosario

C

Mendoza San Luis Valparaíso Santiago Mercedes

 South America’s most extensive rail network is centred on the Argentinian capital, Buenos Aires.The construction of new rail lines from this important port, allowed the colonization of the Pampas lands for agriculture.

Salvador

Cuiabá

9

800

Fortaleza

Lima

Arequipa

700

600

Teresina

Juazeiro

8

500

Most major road and rail routes are confined to the coastal regions by the forbidding natural barriers of the Andes mountains and the Amazon Basin. Few major cross-continental routes exist, although Buenos Aires serves as a transport centre for the main rail links to La Paz and Valparaíso, while the construction of the Trans-Amazon and Pan-American Highways have made direct road travel possible from Recife to Lima and from Puerto Montt up the coast into central America. A new waterway project is proposed to transform the Paraguay river into a major shipping route, although it involves considerable São Luís wetland destruction.

Georgetown

Bogotá

Trans-A Highwmazon ay

400

Transport

Bucaramanga

Buenaventura

700 800

600

300

projection: Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area

La Guaira Caracas La Cruz

San Cristóbal

500

400

200

K

E

Ciénaga

Barranquilla Cartagena

300

200

0

A

Comodoro Rivadavia

S

E C

E U

A

A

M

AR

Puntá Arenas

G

U

S

GERMAN

A

T

U

A

14

U

Y

American Indian Germanic Romance

H

N

Language groups

G

13

R

NI

R

A

P

O P

A

15

GERMAN

GERMAN

N

I

S H

16

 Chile’s main port, Valparaíso, is a vital national shipping centre, in addition to playing a key role in the growing trade with Pacific nations. The country’s awkward, elongated shape means that sea transport is frequently used for internal travel and communications in Chile.

17

A

50

B

m Indigenous South American lifestyles have not been totally submerged by European cultures and languages. The continental interior, and particularly the Amazon Basin, is still home to many different ethnic peoples.

C

D

E

F

G

 Lima’s magnificent cathedral reflects South America’s colonial past with its unmistakably Spanish style. In July 1821, Peru became the last Spanish colony on the mainland to declare independence.

J

K

L

M

C a Qr i b b Re a n

S

Santa f of Gul zuela Marta ene CARACAS Barranquilla Maracaibo V Valencia Cartagena Maracay Valledupar Cabimas Barquisimeto

Magdale na

Gu

BOGOTÁ

Ibagué

Caqu eta

ECUA D OR Ambato Riobamba Babahoyo Cuenca

A m

Putuma yo a Am

zon

a

lan

O

(to France)

ds

 In April 1960, Brazil’s government began the move from Rio de Janeiro to Brasília, a futuristic new city built in the sparsely populated interior. Brasília is now the federal capital of Brazil.

C

E

A

1

2

N

AMAPÁ

Represa Balbina

azon Am

3

Manaus

s i n ru Pu

uá

s

Belém 4

Santarém

a M

jós pa

São Luís

PA R Á

Fortaleza MA R A N HÃ O

u Xing

Ju r

gh

CAYENNE

Z

Macapá

z o n

a

C EA R Á

Teresina

BA H IA

Recife

Maceió

Aracaju

an

7

Salvador

H

ig

hl

Fra ncis co

ão

ALAGOAS

SERGIPE

João Pessoa

Ch

Posadas

Para ná

A

Br

n Vitória

9

ESPÍRITO SANTO

Tropic of Capr

icorn

10

Curitiba  Rapid urbanization was a feature of most South American countries in the latter half of the 20th century. In many cases, this unchecked growth has led to the development of sprawling slums, lacking adequate water and sewerage facilities.

SANTA CATARINA

Florianópolis

RIO GRANDE Santa Maria Porto Alegre DO SUL

N

N

Tacuarembó Melo

E

Rí o

12

A

URUGUAY La Plata

11

MONTEVIDEO

O

C

s

Belo Horizonte

Juiz de Fora

Santa Fe

I

13

Mar del Plata

Bahía Blanca

I

N

az

il

ia

8

Villarrica

BUENOS AIRES

Colo rado

N

T

Río Ne gro

E

S

Campinas Nova Iguaçu RIO DE JANEIRO Niterói Osasco São Paulo Rio de Janeiro Sorocaba Santos

Londrina

Y

Resistencia Corrientes

Rosario

Santa Rosa

a

PAR ANÁ ASUNCIÓN Ciudad del Este

n ra G

P

o ac

s e

d

A

H

Temuco Valdivia

A L Rawson

Lago Colhué Huapí

T

R G P a t A a g oC hic n o i a

Puerto Montt

Gulf of San Jorge Des ead o

Bahía Grande

Falkland Río Gallegos Islands

agellan fM

Punta Arenas P

UA

Paraná

San Luis

Neuquén

Represa de Sobradinho

Natal

C

Desert

Mendoza

Lota

Golfo de Penas

m Perched high in the Andes like many of the cities in western South America, La Paz, Bolivia is the world’s highest capital city at over 11,500 ft (3500 m).

G

Formosa

Córdoba

San Juan

Linares

C

disputed territorial claim border state border

Santiago del Estero

Concepción

L

MINAS GER A IS

Campo Grande MATO GROSSO Ribeirão Preto DO SUL á SÃO PAULO n ra

ata Pl la de

disputed de facto border

P A C I F I C

State capital

Viña del Mar Valparaíso SANTIAGO

RA

San Miguel de Tucumán

T

Country capital

Salta

Salado

below 10,000

PA

(to UK)

Strait o

10,000 to 50,000

full international border

San Salvador de Jujuy

n

50,000 to 100,000

L

100,000 to 500,000

Borders

Pilc

La Rioja

La Serena Coquimbo

I

O C E A N

500,000 to 1 million

DISTRITO FEDERAL

G OIÁS

Santa Cruz

ay Paragu

1 million to 5 million

I

SUCRE

ayo om

above 5 million

BRASÍLIA

Cochabamba Oruro

Lago Poopó

E Atacama

O Population

Cuiabá

Uruguay

C

s

Antofagasta

Map key

Z

Planalto de Mato Grosso

Pam

I pricorn Tropic of Ca

Tocopilla

Juazeiro

Goiânia

Iquique

N

Palmas

ds

ios

F

A

A

LA PAZ

Arica

PERNAMBUCO Jaboatão

M ATO G ROS S O

BOLIVIA

Lake Titicaca

Arequipa

R

A

I

e

E

B

PA R A Í BA

PI AUÍ

TO CAN TI N S

Madr e de D

C

Cusco

C

Arag uai a

n

P A

RONDÔNIA

d

Tocantin s

Ucayali

A

Porto Velho

Huancayo

Callao LIMA

O

Surinamese territorial claims

C

Y

Equator

AC R E Rio Branco

Tacna

N

Hi

I

X

RIO GRANDE DO NORTE

P E R U

Trujillo

T

PARAMARIBO

French SURINAME Guiana

na

A M A ZONAS

B

ñó n ra Ma

Chiclayo

Linden

Amazon

Iquitos

Piura

urá Jap

N

GEORGETOWN

Boa Vista ROR AIM A

ro Neg ío

QUITO

Equator

Guayaquil Machala

ia

Pasto

Esmeraldas

A

claim

GUYANA

R

COLOMBIA

Portoviejo

co ino Or

o nVENEZUELA

a

l

L

W

Tocantins

Cali

L

s

Ta

Bucaramanga

Medellín Manizales Pereira Armenia

Barinas San Cristóbal

T

Ciudad Guayana Venezuelan territorial

de ira

Montería Cúcuta

V

A

TRINIDAD & TOBAGO

Cumaná

Bra nco

Gulf of Panama

Lake Maracaibo

T

pa

A M A

N

Ca uc a

PA

Gulf of Darien

POLITICAL SOUTH AMERICA

S e a

Ushuaia Beagle Channel Cape Horn

STANLEY

Population Almost half of South America’s population lives in Brazil but, due to the large uninhabited expanses of the Amazon Basin, its overall population density is much lower than in other countries. During the 20th century the most important population trend was the movement from rural to urban areas, giving rise to great population concentrations in large cities like São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Caracas, Lima, Bogotá and Buenos Aires. U

V

W

15

16

Population density (people per sq km)

below 4 5–9 10–14 15–19 20–29 above 30

Y

17

Z

51

SOUTH AMERICA A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

South American resources

1

 Ciudad Guayana is a planned industrial complex in eastern Venezuela, built as an iron and steel centre to exploit the nearby iron ore reserves.

Agriculture still provides the largest single form of employment in South America, although rural unemployment and poverty continue to drive people towards the huge coastal cities in search of jobs and opportunities. Mineral and fuel resources, although substantial, are distributed unevenly; few countries have both fossil fuels and minerals. To break industrial dependence on raw materials, boost manufacturing, and improve infrastructure, governments borrowed heavily from the World Bank in the 1960s and 1970s. This led to the accumulation of massive debts which are unlikely ever to be repaid. Today, Brazil dominates the continent’s economic output, followed by Argentina. Recently, the less-developed western side of South America has benefited due to its geographical position; for example Chile is increasingly exporting raw materials to Japan.

3

C a r i b b e a n

4 Barranquilla

Maracaibo

Valencia

A

Ciudad Guayana

Gulf of Panama

VENEZUELA

Georgetown

Medellín

Paramaribo

GUYANA

Bogotá

T

French Guiana

SURINAME

L

A

(to France)

COLOMBIA

Cali

aerospace brewing car/vehicle manufacture chemicals electronics engineering finance fish processing food processing hi-tech industry iron & steel meat processing metal refining narcotics

S e a

PANAMA 5

Industry

Caracas

Barquisimeto

Cartagena

N

T

6

I C

O

Quito

Guayaquil

7

A m a z o n

pharmaceuticals printing & publishing shipbuilding sugar processing textiles timber processing tobacco processing wine oil gas industrial cities major industrial areas

C

Belém

ECUADOR

Manaus

E A N

Iquitos

Natal

Maceió

PE RU

Lima

C

Arequipa

A N

Salvador

BOLIVIA

I

Brasília

La Paz

F

Santa Cruz Sucre

E

Arica

I

Iquique

C

Belo Horizonte

PARAGUAY

Antofagasta

Rio de Janeiro

São Paulo

E

Asunción

Ciudad del Este

O

Chuquicamata

C

11

Recife

Cusco

Wealth disparities throughout the continent create a wide gulf between affluent landowners and those afflicted by chronic poverty in inner-city slums. The illicit production of cocaine, and the hugely influential drug barons who control its distribution, contribute to the violent disorder and corruption which affect northwestern South America, de-stabilizing local governments and economies.

10

B R A Z I L

Chimbote

A

Standard of living

9

Chiclayo

Curitiba

C

8

Fortaleza

B a s i n

P

m The cold Peru Current flows north from the Antarctic along the Pacific coast of Peru, providing rich nutrients for one of the world’s largest fishing grounds. However, overexploitation has severely reduced Peru’s anchovy catch.

M

I

O

San Miguel de Tucumán Corrientes

L

T

12

C

Porto Alegre Córdoba

I

E

13

Rosario

Mendoza

Valparaíso

Santiago

N Standard of living

Buenos Aires

Montevideo

A

ARGE NTINA

15 high Comodoro Rivadavia Gulf of San Jorge

16

A

52

B

Bahía Grande Punta Arenas

ra it of M

17

Falkland Islands (to UK)

lan agel

St

C

D

E

below 999 1000–1999 2000–2999 3000–3999 4000–4999 above 5000

Argentina and Brazil are South America’s most industrialized countries and São Paulo is the continent’s leading industrial centre. Long-term government investment in Brazilian industry has encouraged a diverse industrial base; engineering, steel production, food processing, textile manufacture and chemicals predominate. The illegal production of cocaine is economically significant in the Andean countries of Colombia and Bolivia. In Venezuela, the oil-dominated economy has left the country vulnerable to world oil price fluctuations. Food processing and mineral exploitation are common throughout the less industrially developed parts of the continent, including Bolivia, Chile, Ecuador and Peru.

low

 Both Argentina and Chile are now exploring the southernmost tip of the continent in search of oil. Here in Punta Arenas, a drilling rig is being prepared for exploratory drilling in the Strait of Magellan.

L

GNI per capita (US$)

Industry

Valdivia

(UN human development index)

T

N

Bahía Blanca Neuquén

C

Concepción

14

Rio Grande

URUGUAY

H

A

Talca

A

Santa Fe

Cape Horn

H

I

J

K

L

M

SOUTH AMERICAN RESOURCES V

W

s

nd la

e s

A

N

on

rancisco oF Sã

n

I

la

nd

s

d

F

gh Hi

I

e

C

Br

o

ac Ch

G

O

T

ili

az Ch ay

n

d

A

N

ad

o

E O

C

Car ibb ean S ea

I

Barranquilla

T T

Gulf of Panama Medellín

risk of desertification

a

Bogotá

L

n

la

o s

Or i

A T

n o co

Gu

polluted rivers

ia

Cali

marine pollution

na

Hi

ghl

heavy marine pollution

and

A

N

T

I

C

O

s

9

C

Rio Neg ro

poor urban air quality

Manaus

B a s i n

Ta p

aj

ós

a

ir

ad M

r us

e

10

Fortaleza

u

Pu

A

Many foods now common worldwide originated in South America. These include the potato, tomato, squash, and cassava. Today, large herds of beef cattle roam the temperate grasslands of the Pampas, supporting an extensive meat-packing trade in Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay. Corn (maize) is grown as a staple crop across the continent and coffee is grown as a cash crop in Brazil and Colombia. Coca plants grown in Bolivia, Peru and Colombia provide most of the world’s cocaine. Fish and shellfish are caught off the western coast, especially anchovies off Peru, shrimps off Ecuador and pilchards off Chile.

N

ng Xi

Marañón

A

Tocantin s

A

á

Gulf of Guayaquil

Using the land and sea

E

Ilha de Marajó Belém

on Amaz

A m a z o n m a z on Jur u

Putumayo Amazon

7

8

L

ua i

a

co nc i s

Planalto de Mato Grosso

Brasília S

H

I

s

Salvador

ig

C

e

Fra

A

d

Lima

ão

P

n

Arag

Recife

ds

A

desert

A

an

forest destroyed

L

6

hl

do

5

C

Caracas

Maracaibo

Gulf of Darien

en

Colora

N

A

tropical forest

l at a

o

d

national parks

de la P

C

Río

S al a

Environmental issues

Santa Fe Mendoza

n

Santiago

Magdal

ra

Pa rag u

e

S al

Pa

N

bauxite copper diamonds gold iron lead silver tin

Rio de Janeiro

ran

á

s

A N C E

São Paulo

A

oil field gas field coal field

Br

ac

o

O G

I

C

E

Mineral resources

an

s

n

 Copper is Chile’s largest export, most of which is mined at Chuquicamata. Along the length of the Andes, metallic minerals like copper and tin are found in abundance, formed by the excessive pressures and heat involved in mountain-building.

N

A

N

A

E

A

L

C

E

T

li

C P A

Uc ay a

O

Ne g ro

Amaz

B a s i n

IC

an d s

o

A m a z o n

T

C

A

Ri

ig hl

N

O

s

ra

aH

land

IC

d

A N O C E

Quito

i an

igh

T

B a s i n

s

Gu

Bogotá

aH

N

e

d al e n a

u

Ca

M ag

n

LA

ian

A m a z o n

I C

l a

AT

Gu

LA

F

L

Caracas o s

AT

n

Medellín

ca

n Sea

L

1

n Sea

s n o

l a

Z

A

Caribbea

m Clouds of smoke billow from the burning Amazon rainforest. Over 11,500 sq miles (30,000 sq km) of virgin rainforest are being cleared annually, destroying an ancient, irreplaceable, natural resource and biodiverse habitat.

Y

Caribbea

I

Over a quarter of the world’s known copper reserves are found at the Chuquicamata mine in northern Chile, and other metallic minerals such as tin are found along the length of the Andes. The discovery of oil and gas at Venezuela’s Lake Maracaibo in 1917 turned the country into one of the world’s leading oil producers. In contrast, South America is virtually devoid of coal, the only significant deposit being on the peninsula of Guajira in Colombia.

C

The Amazon Basin is one of the last great wilderness areas left on Earth. The tropical rainforests which grow there are a valuable genetic resource, containing innumerable unique plants and animals. The forests are increasingly under threat from new and expanding settlements and ‘slash and burn’ farming techniques, which clear land for the raising of beef cattle, causing land degradation and soil erosion.

A

Mineral resources

P

Environmental issues

X

gh

U

Hi

T

an

S

ili

R

az

Q

d

P

n

O

A

N

C

Br

az

I

ili

an

F

12

Belo Horizonte

Pi l

N

O

P

Q

R

ná

Par a

o ac

Ch

ra

ua

y

Ur u

g

Paraná

e Córdoba

Porto Alegre

d

O Rosario

T

s

I

L

A

barren land cropland desert forest mountain region pasture major conurbations

Gulf of San Jorge

cattle pigs sheep bananas corn (maize) citrus fruits

Bahía Grande

S

T

W

Tierra del Fuego Cape Horn

14

Using the land and sea

T

i co

E

N

15

A

P a t a g o n i a

Ch

C

A

C

N

Pa

m

pa

n

Montevideo

Buenos Aires

C ol or ado Rí oN eg r o

A

 High in the Andes, hardy alpacas graze on the barren land. Alpacas are thought to have been domesticated by the Incas, whose nobility wore robes made from their wool. Today, they are still reared and prized for their soft, warm fleeces.

13

Curitiba

G

Santiago

 The Pampas region of southeast South America is characterized by extensive, flat plains, and populated by cattle and ranchers (gauchos). Argentina is a major world producer of beef, much of which is exported to the USA for use in hamburgers.

Rio de Janeiro São Paulo

n

s

u ay

E A N O C

 South America, and Brazil in particular, now leads the world in coffee production, mainly growing Coffea arabica in large plantations. Coffee beans are harvested, roasted and brewed to produce the world’s second most popular drink, after tea.

ay o

ag Par

co

m

X

Y

cocoa cotton coffee fishing oil palms peanuts rubber shellfish soya beans sugar cane vineyards wheat

16

17

Z

53

SOUTH AMERICA A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

Northern South America

1

K

L

M

 Flowers grown in Colombia are exported all over the world, and include fine carnations and roses. Here, workers are cutting roses which have been grown in plastic greenhouses.

C O L O M B I A , G U YA N A , S U R I N A M E , V E N E Z U E L A , F r e n c h G u i a n a ( t o F r a n c e )

Fringed by the Pacific and Atlantic oceans and the Caribbean Sea, South America’s northern region has a rich range of natural resources, some exploited for centuries by colonial powers including the Spanish, French, Dutch and ARUBA British, others still to be fully explored. The prospects for further CURAÇAO (Netherlands) Punta Gallinas (Netherlands) economic development in Colombia, Guyana and Suriname are BONAIRE Cabo de la Vela Cabo San Román (to Netherlands) Pe ní n sula blighted by drug-related violence and political instability. de la Guaj ira Pueblo Nuevo Islas Las Aves Isla La Puerto Los Taques Venezuela, despite huge incomes from its oil reserves, Manaure Uribia Orchila López Pájaro Lo Punto Fijo remains less developed in other industrial Ríohacha s Golfo d Ro q A Puerto Cumarebo e Venezuela ues IR Coro La Vela de Coro Paraguaipoa AJMaicao sectors. French Guiana is an overseas Santa Marta Dibulla U Sabaneta G Guana Capatárida Barranquilla Ciénaga Pico Cristóbal San Juan de los Cayos San Luis Mirimire Sinamaica LA département of France, now seeking greater Colón

C

3

A

R

I

B

B

E

Is l

as

4

Tocuyo de La Costa de Barrancas Carrasquero La Cruz de Taratara San Rafael Dabajuro Pedregal daSan Juan Chichiriviche FALCÓN e var tadel Cesar Fonseca N Mapararí Tucacas a Altagracia r a r Si e t a M Sabanalarga Churuguara Mene de Mauroa S an Santa Catalina Villanueva Puerto La Concepción Aracataca La Guaira VARGAS Santa Inés Yumare Santa Rita Rafael Núñez Salamina Valledupar Siquisique San Francisco Aguada Aroa Morón Cabello Simon Bolívar Pivijay Fundación Cabimas Los Teques Petare La Concepción Grande LARA Duaca Robles Campo de la Cruz Turbaco San Felipe Rosario El Carmelo Tía Juana Río Chico MAG Arjona Carora Río TocuyoChivacoaYARACUY Cerro de Las Tetas Turmero MIRANDA D Güigüe Cagua AL Machiques Ciudad Ojeda San Juan Agustín Codazzi 3750m Ocumare del Tuy Cúa E Yaritagua Nepomuceno San Jacinto 5 CARABOBO San José Bachaquero Villa de Cura Mene Grande Quíbor San Onofre Plato Tinaquillo Río Claro ARAGUA San Timoteo El Tocuyo Sanare El Carmen de Bolívar Sarare Tinaco El Pao San Juan de Altagracia Zambrano El Difícil CESAR Lago de Humocaro Carache Tolú los Morros de Orituco Ortiz Ovejas Maracaibo TRUJILLO BajoAcarigua San Carlos Chiriguaná Barbacoas Corozal Betijoque Trujillo Gulf of Chimichagua Sincelejo Píritu Biscucuy El Sombrero Chaguaramas Libertad Since ZULIA Bobures Valera Boconó Ospino Lorica Momil SUCRE Villa Bruzual Darien Valle de La Pascua Magangué Mompós Encontrados La Puerta PORTUGUESA Chinú El Banco Sahagún 42 COJEDES Concha Las Mercedes Pailitas S San Benito Abad Santa Rosalía Arboletes Cereté San Carlos Timotes Barranco de Loba Ciénaga Guanare 6 Barinitas Sucre El Baúl Calabozo Casigua del Zulia de Oro San Marcos Montería La Gloria Barrancas GUÁRICO Guanarito El Guayabo El Vigía Mérida Acandí Majagual Planeta Rica Petrólea Barinas Río G u Arismendi Mesa Bolívar Pico Bolívar Gamarra Lagunillas 5007m u a na NORTE DE Morales Ciudad Bolívar Tovar re Ocaña CÓRDOBA Ayapel ío Ca MÉRIDA La Fría Aguachica Libertad Paso del Caballo R San Antonio SANTANDER La Grita Turbo Tierralta La Unión Abrego BOLÍVAR San Juan de Colón B A R I N A S pure Ciudad de Nutrias Camaguán Sardinata Caucasia San Antonio Pregonero Montelíbano Cerro Tagún Simití San Fernando Bruzual A del Táchira 605m Rí o Río El Samán de Apure Achaguas TÁCHIRA Cáchira Salazar Santa Bárbara Chigorodó Cabruta A Alto de Tamar San Cristóbal Population Rubio Río Ar pure Caicara Zaragoza 2350m Cerro El Viejo San Antonio de Caparo Palmarito Ríosucio auca del Orinoco Mantecal noco 4100m Pamplona 1 million to 5 million El Venado El Cantón Or i Matanza ío Toledo Mutatá Puerto Juradó Guasdualito 500,000 to 1 million Ituango Segovia Wilches Yarumal Río Arauca El Amparo de Apure Dabeiba Floridablanca Cubará R ío C a Remedios 100,000 to 500,000 La Urbana panaparo Amalfi Elorza Barrancabermeja Arauca Arauquita Frontino San Andrés Alto Musinga Cupica 50,000 to 100,000 ANTIOQUIA APURE SANTANDER Málaga 3850m Santa Rosa de Osos ARAUCA Golfo de San Gil 10,000 to 50,000 R í o Cina ruc o Antioquia Bello Tame Cupica Puerto Berrío Socorro Anzá below 10,000 Charala Soatá Puerto Rondón Urrao Contratación Cravo Norte Bahía Solano Puerto Páez Río Meta Itagüí La Ceja Suaita Oiba Concordia Vélez Hato Corozal Envigado Belén Puerto Boyaca Puerto Carreño Elevation Nueva Antioquia Fredonia Abejorral Barbosa Golfo de Támara Paz de Ariporo Moniquirá Quibdó Tribugá Andes Sonsón Chiquinquirá BOYACÁ Sogamoso Pore Puerto Ayacucho Cerro Yaví Nuquí Punta Arusí Nunchia Caramanta Muzo 4000m / 13,124ft 2441m CALDAS La Dorada o Samacá Tunja CHOCÓ RISARALDA Ríosucio Labranzagrande Trinidad m o T La Palma Ubaté Anserma Río 3000m / 9843ft Yopal Tibaná Honda Manapiare de Juan San CUNDINAMARCA Istmina Pajarito Samariapo Pacho Miraflores CASANARE Manizales Condoto Cerro Paraque Nevado Tauramena 2000m / 6562ft Garagoa Zipaquirá Chinchiná 2030m del Ruiz Puerto Nariño Facatativá Pereira 5400m Maní Santa Rita ío Cartago Nevado 1000m / 3281ft Orocué R Ambalema El Dorado Cerro Ovana a d del QuindíoLa Mesa 1978m V I C H A D A V icha Armenia 5400m 500m / 1640ft o í Medina Calarca Ibagué Tocaima Zarzal R Rí o Muco Fusagasugá QUINDÍO Coello 250m / 820ft Girardot Rovira Puerto Gaitán Cabuyaro Restrepo oV Rí Yacuaray Espinal Tuluá Puerto Limón Villavicencio a San José de Ocuné San Fernando de Atabapo Buenaventura 100m / 328ft d Saldaña Ortega a Acacias ch Buga R ío U va VALLE DEL Rí o Vi Chaparral Cerro El Nevado Santa Bárbara e 4560m San Martín Palmira sea level Natagaima i a r Puerto Inírida Rí Dagua CAUCA rt oO TOLIMA Prado uav Granada G Palmaseca o o r Rí T Ataco a San Antonio i l fo Río Itev iare M E T d A o i í Colombia Río r G Pradera Río Manacac ní I Ar Aipe Baraya Jamundí o Mesetas ia R ío ar e 11 Nevado del Huila Si Tello 5750m 192 Uribe CAUCA Neiva Suárez Morales Punta Reyes HUILA A M A Z Timbiquí Páez Hobo Maroa Mosquera Guapí GUAINÍA Silvia Gigante El Tambo R Iscuandé í San José del Guaviare R ío Gu ai nía La Plata Timbío ab Volcán Sotará Popayán uay Garzón rida R í í o n I R G í o San Vicente del Caguán 4580m Morichal Patía 12 Altamira atía Bahía de Tumaco Bolívar San Agustín Río P Puerto Rico Timaná El Mango Tumaco Mercaderes GUAVIARE San Carlos Pitalito El Doncello de Río Negro Barbacoas Cabo Manglares La Unión Morelia Florencia NARIÑO Linares La Cruz Samaniego La Montañita Buesaco Sandoná Cartagena de Chaira Túquerres Pasto Mocoa Rí o V R ío Puerto Limón Fúnes Vau Mitú pés Nevado de Cumbal Puerto Umbría Río Ca Ipiales Pico da Neblina 13 q ueta 4764m 3014m Orito uá V A U P É S n R PUTUMAYO ío Ya Puerto Asís Río P Río S rí a n M i gu el pa po C A Q U ETÁ ay ris o Concepción Equator 56 Hacha La Tagua Lérida Puerto Leguízamo 14 Puerto Colombia

5775m

Se rr an ía de Pe ri já

Ernesto Cortissoz Soledad ATLÁNTICO Sitionuevo

autonomy. Most of the major population centres, such as Bogotá, have grown up in the temperate conditions of the high Andes or, like Caracas, at strategic points along the Caribbean coast.

Cartagena

Maracaibo

CARACAS

Maracay

Valencia

NA

Barquisimeto

er

ra

abá

na

gda le

Río Ma

t a l

e

eta

i

n í a

M

r

O

r d 25

0

Miles

50

m

A

-

a

100

Z oC

aqu

etá

La Pedrera

R

Rí

oP

u tu

ma y

o

U

B

E

Arica

200 200

150

58

56

projection: Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area

Ama n zo

A

54

General key

B

C

D

E

L

I

oA

17

A M A Z O N A S

a yo

m Large open squares like the Plaza de Bolívar in Bogotá are characteristic of many cities founded by the Spanish.

150

Rí

tu m

Scale 1:6,500,000 100

Pu

El Encanto

P

16

50

Rí

Araracuara

15

25

ri

o

a

as

o

er

g

um

O R

r

q

í

A

o

C

e g ro

Ca

ut

O

n

i

o

u

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Río

N

 Scattered farms and villages have grown up on the gentle slopes of this Colombian river valley, utilizing the fertile soils for farming.

0

oN

S

Río

Km

tu a

a

r

e

R

ug

n

as i l l e Río Ca uca r a O c C o c i d e n t a l r d i l l e r a C e C n t o r a r l d i l l

I F I C

C

C O L O M B I A

co no

A

BOGOTÁ

ri

P

l

L

Cali

A A D

Z

Rí

to

O C E A N

Rí o A tr a

U

E

en

ién

C

N

a

D

E

o

R

ca

Río G uárico

ar

e Ur

lD

od

de

Vn E

Bucaramanga

Medellín

E

s

Cúcuta

z

a

lf Go

ní

PANAMA

Map key

F

G

H

m The Orinoco river flows from its source in the southern Guiana Highlands to form a broad delta on Venezuela’s Atlantic coast. One of its distributary channels opens into a wide bay called the Serpent’s Mouth.

Leticia K

L

M

SOUTH AMERICA: NORTHERN SOUTH AMERICA

S

C OCEAN IFI PA C

At its northernmost reaches, in western Colombia and Venezuela, the great Andean mountain chain splits into three distinct ranges: the Cordillera Oriental, Cordillera Central and Cordillera Occidental, intercut by a complex series of lesser ranges and basins. The relief becomes lower toward the coast and the interior plains of the northern Amazon Basin, rising again into the tropical hills of the Guiana Highlands. P

A

58 In the Guiana Highlands, Venezuela’s most remote region, the ancient crystalline rocks contain deposits of iron ore, gold and diamonds.

kF

po

ivier

ah

Z

ul me ai t re

I

ve

PO ND O

on

yR

er

aR

R ivi

acc

n e Ri

(Claimed by Suriname)

ani

Lit Massif du Mitaraka

690m mu c - H um a c

Mont Saint-Marcel 635m

Trois Sauts

Mo unt ain s

(Claimed by Suriname)

12

L

Guiana Shield Alluvial plains

Angel Falls (Salto Ángel), at 3212 ft (979 m), is the world’s highest waterfall.

Igneous intrusions into the crystalline plateau which forms most of central Guyana have led to the formation of the many rapids which characterize Guyana’s rivers.

The drainage basin of the Magdalena River and the Cauca, its main tributary, covers over 20% of Colombia’s total surface area.

The landscape

FRENCH GUIANA

leu

ke

rie

M Ra

r

iv e

bic

eR

R

Lake Maracaibo (Lago de Maracaibo) is not a true lake but a shallow inlet of the Caribbean Sea. It is the main source of Venezuela’s oil.

O

ra Ri v er

r

Ri

m The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta is a granite massif which rises sharply from the Caribbean lowlands to snow-covered peaks, the tallest of which is 18,947 ft (5775 m) high.

Equator

N

B

ns ai

CAYENNE

iv e r

ó

t un ca o rai M Johi Village

Appikalo

er

pec

A

Riv

a

ira

Kuyuwini Landing

Tu

ne

i

r er

p Ta

Horqueta oco Minas

er

nty

rán Untu ra de Sier

Orin

Alimimuni Piek 728m

ura

Río

s

d

N

Onverwacht

SIPALIWINI

Co

n

Boca Mavaca

A

iR

a

pasture cropland forest wetlands mountain region

on

l

Jacobs Ladder Falls

r

ima

h

CORONIE

e gt

Ka Mou nuku ntain Sauriwaunawa s

7

ar

Lethem

100

RIBO Mana PARAMA MAROWIJNE

er

g

Nieuw Amsterdam

iv i

i

90

6

8

E

WANICA COMMEWIJNE

SARAMACCA

Groningen Totness Lelydorp

SURINAME

uni River

Par

O N A S

(Venezuela claims all of Guyana west of Essequibo river)

e q ui bo R i v e

ra

La Esmeralda

Kurupukari

E ss

er

Cerro Duida 2400m

Glendor Mount ain s

C

L

capital cities major towns

M

H

Si

Cerro Marahuaca 2579m

i n t a n u M o

s

80

RO KO

ar i

oM

P a k a r a i m a

Ituni

r anty

a Catisimiña

Ayanganna Mountain ru 2042m ota er Mahdia v Ri Kaieteur Falls

70

1,111,317 sq miles (2,879,060 sq km)

O

Wageningen

o Rivier leb

Sarariña

na

Santa Elena de Uairén

Uonán

ua

Cabadisocaña

ag

uari

ar

Ve

nt

oP

Mount Roraima 2810m

60

Montag nes de la Tr inité

a n

Rí o

Rí

ba

50

FRENCH GUIANA

Îles du Sal ut Albina Iracoubo i Sinnamary St-LaurentParamaribo nr NICKERIE Corneliskondre Île du Diable o r ve du-Maroni 9 A Guyanais Spatial Centre R i St-Jean Kwakoegron Wasjabo Donderkamp P A Kourou Apatou Orealla Berg en Dal c i Herminadorp Tonate N Kaaimanston Apoera Brownsweg Brokopondo Citron Cayenne Rémire Matoury v er St-Élie Roura Kab W.J. van Délices Pointe Béhague e a Blommesteinmeer Cacao ena m L’Oyapok Bergi e de Régina Bai Pokigron 10 Grand-Santi Ouanary B Hendrik Top Poeketi Sa M 957m Tafelberg Djoemoe Boti-Pasi 1026m St-Georges (to France) W Saül i s i l he Lu e in Maripasoula Juliana Top gn ci e lm Apetina Monta e l’In ina 1230m R Ge B el l e v u e d Tapan be r m Camopi Pédima So ab 11 T

G U Y A N A

Sa

C ou

n

í

ida

ra

Caruana de Montaña

40

78 people per sq mile (30 people per sq km)

New Amsterdam Rose Hall Corriverton Linden Nieuw Nickerie Friendship

zaruni Wineperu Rockstone Issano

30

AN

cattle goats bananas cereals coffee cotton sugar cane

rural 20%

Total land area

Georgetown

N e w Ri v

i

al

Santa Maria de Erebato

20

Bartica

B er

Uruyén

G

Carapo

Kamarang Imbaimadai

La

R ío C aro n

Auyan Tebuy Cerro Guaiquinima 2950m 2100m

Peters Mine

Enachu Landing

Cerro Venamo 1563m Salto Ángel

10

I

OCE

Land use and agricultural distribution

RU

Population density

GEORGETOWN

Parika

Rupun

oP

Caño Negro Canaima

Cuy un i

Aurora

ve

El Casabe

B O L Í V A R

uM a i g u Cacuri

u sa

a c a r eo

Caño M

El Dorado

Rí

Caura

ver Cuy uni Ri

P

u

arag

Kuracki

a

C

Essequibo Islands

Spring Garden

ver Ri

Rí

ra

Tumeremo

Cerro Turagua 1838m La Paragua

G er

o

El Manteco El Callao

a R

A

I

Charity

Bara m

Ma

C Río

L

Matthews Ridge

0

ivier

re

o M aca

Cañ

E

Las Trincheras

Si

Guasipati

Ciudad Piar

E

Z

A

R

IC

GEORGETOWN PARAMARIBO CAYENNE E

U

T

Port Kaituma r iv e

Arakaka

B

OR

urban 80%

El Palmar

Upata

Embalse de Guri

COLOMBIA UA D

NT

M

Maripa

ni

EC

LA

NA

Moitaco Borbón

Mapire Las Bonitas

Wai

í on ar El Pao

BOGOTÁ

The urban/rural population divide

N

Waini Point

VENEZUELA

Medellín

4

AT

CARACAS

PANAMA

P

Ciudad Bolívar

A

Río

Ciudad Guayana Soledad

L

Sea

Maracaibo

RI

T

Caribbean

NA

A

Caripe Caripito San Puerto The Serpent's M Antonio Quiriquire out Clarines Aragua de Maturín Píritu Pedernales h Caicara Maturín Valle de Guanape Punta Baja Santa Rosa Punta Onoto de Mata San Mateo Aragua de Aguasay Anaco Zaraza Barcelona San Joaquín Cantaura MONAGAS La Horqueta Santa El Chaparro Ana El Socorro Tucupita Cañ Temblador San Tomé Pariaguán DELTA San José de Guanipa Tigre El Santa María Barrancas AMACURO de Ipire ANZOÁTEGUI o c o n Guayabones Curiapo Ori Zuata

The Andean basins support cereals and potatoes. Livestock graze at higher altitudes and on the drier tropical grasslands known as the llanos; hardy goats are reared in scrubland areas. Grown at higher elevations, coffee is an important cash crop, as is cotton, sugar cane, bananas, citrus fruits, cocoa and rice, farmed on the Caribbean lowlands. Coca is the most widely-grown narcotic plant, with heroin poppies grown in Colombia and marijuana in lowland areas throughout the region.

3

SU

Tataracual 1195m

capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

R U

Using the land

TRINIDAD & TOBAGO

Pozuelos

R

m Vast oil reserves around Lake Maracaibo (Lago de Maracaibo) form the focus of Venezuelan industry. Incomes from oil are used to invest in other industries and in the development of infrastructure.

YA

Barcelona

DO

L

2

GU

Isla de Margarita Juangriego La Asunción Boca de Pozo Pampatar NUEVA Punta de Porlamar Puerto de Hierro ESPARTA Piedras Carúpano Río Caribe Araya Cariaco El Pilar Irapa Güiria Cumaná Casanay SUCRE Gulf of Paria Puerto La Cruz Guanta Cerro Cumanacoa

GUIANA

A Z I B R E

Islas Los Testigos

Isla La Tortuga

SURINAME FRENCH

COLOMBIA

UA

chemicals finance food processing iron & steel narcotics mining oil oil refining pharmaceuticals textiles timber processing

IC

ram

64

Cali

1

ya

Rivers are an important means of transport in Colombia; many are extensively navigable. The Pan-American Highway runs through Colombia. In Venezuela, much infrastructure investment is linked to the oil industry.

NT

in i Ri ve r

EC

LA

a rou

22,429 miles (36,100 km)

AT

OC Ciudad Guayana EAN GEORGETOWN VENEZUELA PARAMARIBO G UY ANA Cayenne

BOGOTÁ

Y

Major industry and infrastructure

CARACAS Cumaná

Valencia

Medellín

2448 miles (3940 km)

Isla Blanquilla

X

Toonta rtu g ne e

Maracaibo Barranquilla PANAMA

3411 miles (5490 km)

A

E

W

Caribbean Sea

31,720 miles (51,054 km)

Demera

S

V

P

N

U

L’O

The transport network

Many mineral resources are mined in Colombia, including fuels, gold and precious and semiprecious stones. Revenues from coffee and exports of illegal narcotics are crucial to the economy. Venezuela’s major economic activity is the oil industry around Lake Maracaibo (Lago de Maracaibo). Sugar and bauxite are exported from Guyana and Suriname.

A

T

Rivier

Transport and industry

S

M

R

Copp

Q

C OC N EA

P

IFI

O

PA C

N

13

Inselbergs Table mountains

m The Guiana Shield is one of the oldest land surfaces in the world – probably formed more than 4 billion years ago. Chemical weathering over millions of years has created flat-topped table mountains and large numbers of inselbergs.

14

Over 80% of Suriname is covered by tropical rainforest.

15

Cordillera Occidental

16

Potaru river

Cordillera Central

Colombia’s eastern lowlands are known locally as llanos, meaning grasslands.

Q

R

S

T

Most of the land in French Guiana is low-lying; here, the rocks of the Guiana Highlands have been eroded by rivers flowing towards the sea.

 The Potaru river descends 741 ft (226 m) over a sandstone ledge at the Kaieteur Falls in Guyana.

Cordillera Oriental

U

V

W

X

Y

17

Z

55

E

F

G

Zorritos

Sullana

Piura

Bahía de Sechura

Río

Qu

z

C

Pacasmayo

R ío

Mo

d

Virú

oS

ech

in

rico

ri

Rí

o

ipena ga

nc

l

a

ANCASH

l

Río Fo rtalez a

el

Pu

o rr ie ntes

Lagunas

Orellana

ara

Chiquián

n

c

r

a ay

M

ay

ira

an

m

ria

Río A

lla

bu

Bl a

Rí o

T a h ua ní a

s he a

R ío Tama ya

Pucallpa ja

Ca

Río

Requena

Nauta

Iquitos

B

Equator

ío

I

Rí

Ri

oY

av

ari

v ar i Mi r i m o Ya

N apo

A

R ío

E R U UCAYALI P PASCO

a

Contamana

U Río

HUÁNUCO Puerto Inca

Huánuco

ñó

al

oN

oP

Rí

Rí

apo

ra y

oN

ura

R í o S a mi

R ío M

a

oC

m

Rí

tu

O

LORETO

Yurimaguas

Bellavista

Pomabamba

Rí o

R í o Ar ab

Nevado Aguaytía Huascarán Tingo María 6768m

Bla

Huaraz

Rí

usa

Lamas

Tarapoto

Juanjuí

ua

Río

L

y al i Uca

Huarmey

Rí

l

a ler

Casma

i l

Península de Ferrol

oA Rí

ac

Moyobamba

ua

M

SAN MARTÍN

Nevado Huandoy 6395m

rdi

Caraz

i

Saposoa

Huamachuco

Co

Chimbote

Salaverry

Trujillo

LA LIBERTADche

Rioja

h Ca

Chachapoyas

Cajamarca

CAJAMARCA

ul

Ag

Nuevo Rocafuerte Rí Río Con o naco

ORELLANA

PASTAZA

Río

Río

Azu illera Cord a g lla ua oH

CARCHI TUNGURAHUA BOLÍVAR CHIMBORAZO ZAMORA CHINCHIPE

Ecuador: Administrative regions

Bagua

ón

R

AMAZONAS

r

San Pedro de Lloc

Jaén

o

Pimentel Chepén

Chiclayo

Lambayeque Ferreñafe

LAMBAYEQUE

Pampa las Salinas Olmos

Bellavista

Viejo Embalse iroCerro 3934m Poechos Chulucanas San Ignacio Catacaos Cerro Bravo Laguna Ramón 3923m

PIURA

LOJA

Loja

Zaruma Saraguro

Zamora

AZUAY

ant iag o

Punta Negra

d C a n al

el

Puerto Francisco de Orellana (Coca)

ECUADOR

Riobamba

Chimborazo 6310m

Ambato Puyo

Milagro Alausí Macas CAÑAR MORONA Azogues SANTIAGO Naranjal Cuenca Sigsig

Yaguachi Nuevo

Pasaje Machala Santa Rosa Tumbes EL ORO

TUMBES

Paita

Talara Punta Parinas

Guaranda

LOS

Baños

igu

O

SUCUMBÍOS

Río Sa n M

C

 Ecuador’s capital city, Quito, lies high in the Andes, nestling between snow-capped peaks. At 9350 ft (2850 m), Quito is the second highest capital in the world – La Paz in Bolivia is the highest.

B

13

Simon Bolivar

Baeza

NAPO

p ha Río C ona r o ío M

Rí

12

GUAYAS

Golfo de Isla Guayaquil Puná

Punta Santa Elena Salinas

Iliniza 5263m

Machachi

5704m

QUITO Antizana

COTOPAXI Cotopaxi Tena 5897m Latacunga

RÍOS Babahoyo

Sucre Balzar

Quevedo

Guayaquil

Bahía de Santa Elena

Jipijapa

Portoviejo

Cabo San Lorenzo

Calceta

Bahía MANABÍ de Manta Chone

Manta

Mariscal Sucre Pichincha 4794m

Santo Domingo de los Colorados

N

A

Equator

San Lorenzo

Tulcán Punta Galera ESMERALDAS Cotacachi Ibarra San Gabriel Ensenada 4939m de Mompiche Muisne IMBABURA Nueva Loja Rosa Zárate Otavalo (Lago Agrio) (Quinindé) PICHINCHACayambe Cayambe 5790m

Esmeraldas

Valdéz (Limones)

D

5

192

S

H

J

K

L

M

Cotopaxi is the world’s highest active volcano, with a peak 19,347 ft (5897 m) high. A massive eruption in 1877 caused a mudflow which destroyed everything in its path for 150 miles (240 km).

54

ja

A

o

Z

below 10,000

10,000 to 50,000

I

50,000 to 100,000

100,000 to 500,000

500,000 to 1 million

1 million to 5 million

above 5 million

Population

Map key

L

sea level

R

Villa Bella

N

O

25

50 25

50

100

100

150

200

150

250

300 200

250

m Nevado de Illampu and Nevado de Ancohuma, at 21,275 ft (6485 m) and 21,490 ft (6550 m) respectively, form Illampu, the highest mountain in the Bolivian Andes.

Bolivian Andes

projection: Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area

Miles

0

Km 0

Scale 1:7,750,000

The Altiplano is a flat, high plateau lying between the Cordillera Oriental and the Cordillera Occidental at a height of up to 12,500 ft (3800 m). At its margins lie many spurs and alluvial fans.

Rolling hills and level plains typify the montaña and selva region, which makes up more than 65% of Peru.

Magma chamber

Lava flows

Falling ash

Q

300

The Bolivian oriente covers more than two-thirds of the country. It includes llanos – low alluvial plains, massive swamps, flooded bottomlands, savannah grassland and tropical forests.

Zone of magma generation

P

m There are many large and active volcanoes in the Andes. Magma generated in the heart of the volcano erupts in a huge cloud of ash. Ash-fall deposits are common throughout the Andes and the rock produced is known as andesite. This is rapidly soaked by heavy rain, causing massive debris flows.

Eruption column Subduction zone

Fast-flowing tributaries of the Amazon, which rise in the Andes, run eastwards through the front ranges to reach the tropical lowlands. They cut valleys so deep that tropical environments can be found extending well into mountainous areas.

m Lake Titicaca, which forms part of the border between Peru and Bolivia, is the largest lake in South America and the highest significant body of water in the world at an altitude of 12,507 ft (3812 m).

Lake Titicaca

ã Fortaleza bun hu a ra s o A o Pa ca Rí í

100m / 328ft

250m / 820ft

500m / 1640ft

1000m / 3281ft

2000m / 6562ft

3000m / 9843ft

4000m / 13,124ft

6000m / 19,686ft

Elevation

The Peruvian Andes are relatively young mountains which are continually being uplifted, making the area very unstable, with frequent earthquakes. The transport difficulties that they present continue to form a barrier to national unity.

The steepness of the Andean slopes means that avalanches and debris flows are an ever-present danger. A landslide starting from Nevado Huascarán in Peru in 1970 killed 20,000 people in 2.5 minutes when it engulfed an inhabited valley.

Much of eastern Ecuador is covered by the tropical rainforest of the Amazon Basin.

Bolivia, Peru and Ecuador each possess a high Andean mountain region and an eastern region consisting of tropical lowlands and the Andean slope leading down to them. Towards the south of the region, the mountains widen to form the high plateau of the Altiplano. Peru and Ecuador also have fertile, lowland coastal plains. A wide variety of environments include selva (tropical rainforest), montaña (mountain forest) and grassland.

The coastal flood plains are the source of Ecuador’s richest soils, enabling the cultivation of a wide range of crops.

ran

58

I

The landscape

R ío Pu tum ay

azon

Rí o Cu

Am

The three states of Western South America share a similar geography and recent history. Dominated by the Inca empire until Spanish conquest in the 16th century, they achieved independence from Spain in the early 19th century. The precipitous terrain of the Andes presents severe difficulties for overland transport and continues to be a barrier to national unity and stability. Although Ecuador is now a relatively stable democracy, the military is highly influential in Peru and Bolivia, while the drug trade and associated corruption discourages external aid and economic progress. Wealth and power are still largely concentrated in the hands of a small elite of families, who attained their position during the Spanish colonial period. Energy resources and political recognition for the indigenous peoples are becoming increasingly important issues, particularly in Bolivia.

BOLIVIA , ECUADOR , PERU

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Río

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1

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13

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1

SOUTH AMERICA

Río Made ra

P A

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22,429 miles (36,100 km)

1993 miles (3208 km)

D

E

G

LO

LIMA

M

B

B

RA

IA

Arequipa

a

ZIL

Cusco

P E RU

Iquitos

Chimbote

A

F

E

C

 At Potosí in Bolivia, silver has been mined for over 400 years.

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LA PAZ

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Villa Martín

Uyuni

Salar de Uyuni

Laguna Coipasa Salar de Coipasa

oL Ri

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E L

Riberalta

Laguna Santa Ana Rogagua a cum Ya San Miguel o Río l os u att áp oR oM Rí Rí

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San Joaquín

Magdalena

B

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es

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Laguna Colorada

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TARIJA Yacuiba

Uriondo

Tarija

Huacaya

San Lorenzo

Villa Abecia

CHUQUISACA

o

Lagunillas Monteagudo

AY GU RA

Santa Cruz

TINA ARGEN

SUCRE

LA PAZ

BOLIVIA

cattle sheep bananas cereals cocoa coffee fishing rubber sugar cane

pasture cropland forest mountain region desert wetlands

capital cities major towns

Land use and agricultural distribution

M

N

A

Tu

ca

va

Naranjos

Rí o

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nt

o ra z ó

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1,019,515 sq miles (2,641,230 sq km)

40

48 people per sq mile (19 people per sq km)

30

Total land area

20

Q

90

rural 31%

Population density

10

urban 69%

16

15

14

100

25

24

23

22

Laguna Mandioré

Laguna Gaíba

Puerto Suárez

The urban/rural population divide

0

n

Laguna Uberaba

oC

San Matías

A Y U G

Quimome San José

LA PAZ – seat of government SUCRE – legal capital

 Clearance of the forest in coca-growing regions is encouraged by the Bolivian government. The inaccessible terrain makes policing the growers very difficult. Coca is a popular crop because it is simple to grow and to transport, and is very profitable when illegally processed as cocaine.

The coastal regions support a variety of cash crops including rice, sugar cane, bananas, coffee and cocoa, watered by rainfall or by irrigation schemes. The grasslands of the high sierra are used mainly for grazing a wide range of livestock; cattle and sheep are reared, along with pigs, and the indigenous llama and alpaca. Subsistence crops, especially potatoes and cereals, are grown lower down the mountain flanks. Despite government incentives to grow alternative crops, coca, used for cocaine, is the Bolivian and Peruvian oriente’s most profitable commercial crop.

Esperancita

San Ignacio

Laguna Marfíl

A

Bolivia: Capital cities

R

Bañados del Izozog

A

n

Río T

mó

SANTA CRUZ

Concepción

Santa Cruz

A R G E N T I N A

San Pablo z Sonequera ipe 5855m e L d a er ill rd Co

POTOSÍ

Atocha

Cotagaita

Cerro Huanchaca 5950m

a

SUCRE

g

Padcaya Villazón

n

R Río San Ra

 Llamas, with alpacas and vicuñas, are indigenous to South America. They thrive in Andean conditions and their wool is both exported and used in the manufacture of local textiles.

B O L I V I A

rd Co

Using the land and sea

r

AZ

B

Guayaquil

O

R

A

TINA

capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

CO

QUITO

192

Arequipat

n

E C UA D O R

C F I C I A P

A trans-continental highway is under construction to link Ilo, on Peru’s Pacific coast, to Porto Esperança in Brazil, via Puerto Suárez in Bolivia. Establishing port facilities on the Pacific coast is crucial to landlocked Bolivia’s further development.

4217 miles (6787 km)

13,326 miles (21,449 km)

CHILE

B

26

O

AZ

ARGEN

R

AY GU RA

Santa Cruz

B

SUCRE

LA PAZ Cochabamba

BOLIVIA

car manufacture chemicals engineering fish processing food processing iron & steel mining narcotics oil pharmaceuticals shipbuilding

e

l ca

25

C F I C I A P

Puno Arequipa

Cusco

P E RU

Nevado Ausangate 6384m ío H

L E I H C

The transport network

LIMA

IL

ed r as

iam anu

PANDO

S

24

Callao

Chimbote

A

BR Pucallpa A Z

d

m The ancient city of Machu Picchu, in the Peruvian Andes was built prior to the Inca period. Its impressive ruins reflect a culture which had developed a high degree of sophistication.

c

Major industry and infrastructure

The mountain regions are rich in minerals including lead, copper, silver, gold, zinc and tungsten, though high production and transport costs have meant that they are expensive to extract and vulnerable to price collapses. Foreign debt remains a major burden, hampering industrial development. Manufacturing tends to CO LO QUITO M be small-scale and concentrates on products B I for local needs, including textiles, food E C UA D O R Guayaquil Cuenca processing and pharmaceuticals. Narcotics Iquitos are an important, though illegal, export.

A

D

E

Trujillo

e

Par

s Pi

A

N

o

Chiclayo

APURÍMAC

Cusco Andahuaylas Abancay Urcos

ío

e la

Porvenir

rtón Río O Puerto Rico

a

n

Piura

i

l

CUSCO

od

Cobija

Puerto Maldonado

DE DIOS

Rí

aman Iberia u

Iñapari

Co Laguna ri rdi de San Luis ller Laguna R í o T ui ch aC Macusani Huachi a ra Sicuani baya Chalhuanca Reyes LA PAZ Santa AYACUCHO Antabamba Rosa Palpa Cordillera Apolo San Ayaviri Puquio Ignacio Trinidad Laguna Apolobamba Nevado Pupuya Nazca Arapa Coracora ca PUNO Huancané 5818m Nevado Solimana Yau R Río 6323m Moho AREQUIPA Loreto Juliaca San Juan Laguna Puerto Acosta Nevado Coropuna de Serr Lake Lomas Parinacochas 6613m Sécure M an R ío Titicaca Sorata Nevado de Ancohuma Nevado Ampato oz ía Santa e s 6310m Puno ten 6550m oa Lucía Chuquibamba Chala Río es R í o I c h Ilave Achacachi Pa Coroico e Volcán Misti ila Volcán Ubinas Pucarani Punta 5822m Copacabana 5670m Sa Atico Colorada nM Desaguadero Rí igu oG Mazocruz el MOQUEGUA Laguna ran Camaná El Alto Viacha d COCHAB AMBA e Loriscota Independencia Cordille Mollendo ra de Inquisivi Moquegua Corocoro Coch Cocachacra Luribay aba Co Cochabamba Montero mb  The Galápagos Islands are Portachuelo T r r di l a e Tarata s C leraQuillacollo D es mainly composed of lava, with Warnes ru c a g uade ro Buena Vista Punata es Tarata TACNA very little vegetation near to the Ilo Viru-Viru Comarapa coasts, although the wetter inland Tacna Oruro Nevado Sajama Mizque Rí Lago Uru Uru 6520m slopes are mantled with forest. Concordia o Aiquile Huanuni Samaipata La Yarada ne ORURO Poopó Uncía í o Gr a Vallegrande Lago Poopó Colquechaca R nd e Huachacalla Challapata Andamarca Sabaya cajahu

Huancapi

Salcantay 6271m Anta

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ViQuillabamba lca bam Machu Picchu ba Nevado

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23

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Río C

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21

Isla Española

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HUANCAVELICA Huanta

Chincha Alta

N

an

Huancavelica

c

R Pisco Isla Sangayan Guadalupe Península de Paracas Ica Santiago ICA Bahía de la Independencia

Tambo de Mora

Imperial

ío M

JUNÍN

Pampas

Huancayo

Jauja

Tarma

s

p

Transport and industry

(same scale as main map)

PAC I F I C

O C E A N

Puerto Baquerizo Moreno Puerto Villamil

Equator

Isla San Cristóbal

Isla Santa Cruz

Puerto Ayora Isla Santa Fe

Isla Santa María

Volcán Santo Tomás 1490m

Isla Isabela

GALÁPAGOS

Isla Pinzón

192

Chilca Mala

LIMA

San Vicente de Cañete

Isla Genovesa

Isla Pinta Isla Marchena

Volcán Darwin (to Ecuador) 1280m Isla San Salvador

Volcán Wolf 1646m

Isla Fernandina Volcán Alcebo 1097m

Volcán La Cumbra 1463m

Equator

(Archipiélago de Colón)

Galápagos Islands

m A colony of marine iguanas basks on the rocks of Isla Fernandina in the Galápagos Islands. Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution was inspired by the differences he found between the animal species on neighbouring islands in the Galápagos.

Matucana

Satipo

R í o Mi sha

gua

ur ú

Ca

qu

20

19

18

17

16

15

Puente Piedra

LIMA

CALLAO Jorge Chávez

Isla San Lorenzo

Callao

Chancay Ancón

Huaral

Sayán

San Ramón

to P

i

Miz

o ma y lco Pi

PA

Lago Junín Junín La Oroya

R í o Al

R í o Cali A g ua e nt s es

eni

Río B

Huacho

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R í o Sa nt o To m ás

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t

Río

Rí

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R ío Q ue t en a

S

Rio Yap

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14

Río I nu y

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Rí

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Cerro de Pasco

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Nevado Yerupaja 6634m

O Rí

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Paramonga Pativilca Supe Barranca

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PA

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Río Ve rd e

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Río Ta

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Ba

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I

L SOUTH AMERICA: WESTERN SOUTH AMERICA

IL

CHILE

N

IL

57

13

12

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U

A

BO

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54

capital cities major towns pasture cropland forest

cattle pigs sheep citrus fruits coffee cotton soya beans sugar cane timber

Land use and agricultural distribution

BI

Equator

A

V

I

Manaus

EL

LI

U

SU

G

r

ar i é Ri o M

São Joaquim

L

A

Rio de Janeiro

AT

Santo Antônio do Içá

Tabatinga

C

E

e

Alvarães Juruá fé

Tefé

m Ri o

Maraã

10

20

30

55 people per sq mile (21 people per sq km)

Population density

Ri o Do

a es

Caracaraí

Missão

mi Catrimani

Boiaçu

50

60

70

Coari

Codajás

Eduardo Gomes

o

ca

i pe r

ra

oU at u m

ã

Borba

n

Manaus

Ri

J

pu

oN

Itacoatiara

54

(to France)

FRENCH GUIANA

 The Pantanal region in the south of Brazil is an extension of the Gran Chaco plain. The swamps and marshes of this area are renowned for their beauty, and abundant and unique wildlife, including wildfowl and these caimans, a type of crocodile.

The flood plains which border the Amazon river are made up of a variety of different features including shallow lakes and swamps, mangrove forests in the tidal delta area and fertile leveés on river banks and point bars.

Brazil’s highest mountain is the Pico da Neblina which was only discovered in 1962. It is 9888 ft (3014 m) high.

B

Rio

Calçoene

i PA R Á

ir i

Sete Ilhas

g Ara

Oiapoque

i u ar

Mo uth s

Sucuriju

Ilha de Maracá

Cabo Orange

Rainfall

N

T

I

Ri o

n

Dom

Represa Eliseu de Tucuruí

Belém

Bacabal

ú

São Luís

N

Recife do Silva

O

Codó

Chapadinha

Itapecuru-Mirim

na

íba

Piripiri

r Pa

The famous Sugar Loaf Mountain (Pão de Açúcar) which overlooks Rio de Janeiro is a fine example of a volcanic plug a domed core of solidified lava left after the slopes of the original volcano have eroded away.

C

Acaraú

Araras

Camocim Itapipoca Sobral Caucaia

Cascavel

Fortaleza

sea level

100m / 328ft

250m / 820ft

500m / 1640ft

1000m / 3281ft

2000m / 6562ft

3000m / 9843ft

Elevation

E A N

below 10,000

10,000 to 50,000

50,000 to 100,000

100,000 to 500,000

500,000 to 1 million

1 million to 5 million

above 5 million

Population

Map key

Q

The northeastern scrublands are known as the caatinga, a virtually impenetrable thorny woodland, sometimes intermixed with cacti where water is scarce.

 Large-scale gullies are common in Brazil, particularly on hillslopes from which vegetation has been removed. Gullies grow headwards (up the slope), aided by a combination of erosion through water seepage and rainwater runoff.

Parnaíba

São Luís Ilha do Caju

arcos ão M eS ad aíIlha de

Gully

P

The São Francisco Basin has a climate unique in Brazil. Known as the ‘drought polygon’, it has almost no rain during the dry season, leading to regular disastrous droughts.

Deep natural harbours such as Baia de Guanabara were created where the steep slopes of the Serra da Mantiqueira plunge directly into the ocean.

Overland water flow

Recife Manuel Luís

O

The ancient Brazilian Highlands have a varied topography. Their plateaux, hills and deep valleys are bordered by highly-eroded mountains containing important mineral deposits. They are drained by three great river systems, the Amazon, the Paraguay–Paraná and the São Francisco.

Direction of growth

Equator

C

Hillslope gullying

Guiana Highlands

Water seeps through hillslope

64

A

 The Iguaçu river surges over the spectacular Iguaçu Falls (Saltos do Iguaçu) towards the Paraná river. Falls like these are increasingly under pressure from large-scale hydro-electric projects such as that at Itaipú.

Pantanal wetlands

M

The Amazon Basin is the largest river basin in the world. The Amazon river and over a thousand tributaries drain an area of 2,375,000 sq miles (6,150,000 sq km) and carry one-fifth of the world’s fresh water out to sea.

L

Ilha Bailique of t he Ilha do Curuá Ilha Janaucu Macapá Ilha Caviana de Fora Ilha Mexiana arajó eM Ilha de a d Marudá Ilha Grande Marajó Vigia de Gurupá Castanhal Capanema Viseu Carutapera Porto de Moz Ilha Sirituba Turiaçu Alto Bonito São João de Cortes Tomé-Açu Portel

Altamira

s o Ir Ri Rurópolis Presidente Medici

a

Santarém

Am

n azo

Maracanaquará

Monte Dourado

Planalto Oriximiná Óbidos Alenquer

Parintins

Itaituba Pimenta

Urucará

ham un d á

in

K

The Amazon Basin, containing the largest area of tropical rainforest on Earth, covers nearly half of Brazil. It is bordered by two shield areas: in the south by the Brazilian Highlands, and in the north by the Guiana Highlands. The east coast is dominated by a great escarpment which runs for 1600 miles (2565 km).

SURINAME

100

I

The landscape

H

Tu m i g u c - Hu m Amapá a c Mo u nt ai n s h l a n d s AMAPÁ

90

rural 22%

i Mounta

Manacapuru Caldeirão Iranduba Manaquiri Autazes Careiro Beruri

z

Novo Airão

a

80

3,286,472 sq miles (8,511,970 sq km)

Total land area

Represa Balbina

u Ja

São Luís

Ri o Catrimani

Carvoeiro Moura

Barcelos

S ol im õ

ri

40

G u nt iima aMouNormandia Pak ara Rosa n Conceição Santa do Maú Uraricoera Uaiacás a Boa Vista H Rio Cat ROR AIM A

Mount Roraima 2810m

LA

Tapurucuará R í o Ne g r o

Santa Isabel do Rio Negro

Pico Guimarães Rosas 2105m

E

54

E U Z

Recife

Fonte Boa

Japurá

A

Tonantins Monte Cristo

Foz do Mamoriá

Rio Japurá

Vila Bittencourt

Rio Içá

Se r

Vista Alegre

Porto Alegre

Curitiba

São Paulo

O

Salvador

Fortaleza

São Marcelino Pico da Neblina Iauaretê 3014m Rio U Içana au p é s

A I B

AY GU URU

NA

AY

BRASÍLIA

Belo Horizonte

BRAZIL

Carajás

Belém

AT L A NT IC

0

urban 78%

The urban/rural population divide

 The fecundity of parts of Brazil’s rainforest results from exceptionally high levels of rainfall and the quantities of silt deposited by the Amazon river system.

Brazil has immense natural resources, including minerals and hardwoods, many of which are found in the fragile rainforest. Brazil is the world’s leading coffee grower and a major producer of livestock, sugar and orange juice concentrate. Soya beans for animal feed, particularly for poultry feed, have become the country’s most significant crop.

Using the land

M

COLO

Z

4

TI

EN

A RG

IC

T

N

EA

VENE

M

COLO

ns

ai

3

F

Brazil is the largest country in South America, with a population of 191 million – almost half the combined total of the continent. The 26 states which make up the federal republic of Brazil are administered from the purpose-built capital, Brasília. Tropical rainforest, covering more than one-third of the country, contains rich natural resources, but great tracts are sacrificed to agriculture, industry and urban expansion on a daily basis. Most of Brazil’s multi-ethnic population now live in cities, some of which are vast areas of urban sprawl; São Paulo is one of the world’s biggest conurbations, with more than 20 million inhabitants. Although prosperity is a reality for some, many people still live in great poverty, and mounting foreign debts continue to damage Brazil’s prospects of economic advancement.

Brazil

E

s

1

D

Rio Trombetas

C

Rio Jut aí

Rio Par u de Oeste

N

V

Ri

ran co

Rio B

ue

poq

O ia Ri o

B

Rio Tocantins

EN

o Ju r uá

í

Ba

OC

T

Ri o

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Ja

Ri

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S e r ra

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R

an

Ri

Se

PE

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ri

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NA

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Rio Ja

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N

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58

CH EN NA FR UIA G ME

RI

A

A

L

Ri o

A

12

11

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SOUTH AMERICA

Ri

E

Km

25

50

100

100

150

200

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350

200

250 300

250

400

c oA

300

Ri

u

r us

350

o Ri

Boca do Acre

uá Tap a Ri o

400

ã un Ab io

B

Fortaleza

31,065 miles (50,000 km)



B

C

D

B

Manicoré

i

Recreio

a

Pereirinha

rr do

C

Barra do São Manuel

Se

Jacaré-a-Canga

R

R

O

AY GU URU

NA

UA Y

I

Porto Alegre

Curitiba

São Paulo

L

RO N D Ô N I A

Represa de Samuel Itapuã do Oeste

E

mining oil printing & publishing textiles timber processing tourism

L

A

F

capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

AT

Rio de Janeiro

R

Bandeirantes

M AT O

G

Tropic of Capricorn

62

60

oM an u

Manuel Zinho

Bom Futuro

Araras

60

A

Z

Parauapebas

ús da

Açailãndia

Craolândia

Carolina

Estreito

Grajaú

Tasso Fragoso Alto Parnaíba Santa Filomena

Canto do Buriti São João do Piauí

P I AU Í

Colinas

Marcolândia Ouricuri

Tauá

Mossoró

Areia Branca Assu Macau Touros

Aracati

Salvador

Recife

Natal

Cabo de São Roque Ceará Mirim

A

Y

í

H

UR

oQ

Barra do Quaraí Ri

A uay

SANTA CATARI NA

Porto União

io C

Ur uguay Chapecó Curitibanos Três Passos an o a s R

do Sul

Ri o

Ja

Bagé

Tubarão

Pelotas Rio Grande

a go La

Lagoa Mangueira

K

Porto Alegre

Novo Hamburgo Canoas

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64

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Ilha de Santa Catarina

Florianópolis

Joinville Itajaí Blumenau

Ilha de São Francisco São Francisco do Sul

Paranaguá

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 A gaucho in traditional costume herds beef cattle on the grasslands of the Rio Grande do Sul in southern Brazil.

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M I NAS G E R A I S

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 Picinguaba Beach lies in Serra do Mar State Park in São Paulo state. São Paulo’s beaches stretch for 386 miles (622 km) along the Atlantic coast.

64

19

25

24

23

22

21

20

Maceió

18

João Pessoa Campina Grande Jaboatão Olinda

PA R A Í BA

Senador Pompeu RIO GR AN DE Açude Orós DO NO São João dos Patos Currais Novos RT E Valença do Piauí Caicó Floriano Gatu riano Campos São Raimundo das Juazeiro Sales Oeir as Mangabeiras do Norte Picos Balsas

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Campo Maior

Teresina

Caxias Timon

Presidente Dutra

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Conceição do Araguaia

Araguaína

Marabá

São Félix

São Félix do Xingu

José Rodrigues

Planalto de Mato Grosso

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car manufacture chemicals electronics finance food processing iron & steel

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Major industry and infrastructure

 Brazil’s urban population has grown by over 6% per year since the mid-1970s – at current population levels a rate of nearly 6 million people annually. In Rio de Janeiro prosperous neighbourhoods exist alongside over 450 shanty towns or favelas, some of which house as many as 250,000 people.

An extensive new road network is being built to link Brazil’s main centres. Investment is needed to update the antiquated railway system. In São Paulo, the subway system is being extended to accommodate the expanding population.



18,889 miles (30,403 km)

3293 miles (5300 km)





101,893 miles (164,000 km)



The transport network

Brazilian industry is diverse and well developed, in part as a result of past government A EL U incentives, including the prohibition of A BI imports. Industries which have benefited include car manufacture, petrochemicals and microManaus electronics. Textiles, clothing and footwear are among Brazil’s most successful U exports. The country’s BO LI services and tourism sectors V I are also expanding rapidly.

Transport and industry

projection: Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area

Miles

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59

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10,000 to 50,000

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B R A

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capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

car manufacture chemicals engineering finance food processing iron & steel meat processing printing & publishing shipbuilding textiles timber processing

Major industry and infrastructure

7

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1

RIO DE JANEIR O

Throughout the region, road networks need to be expanded to cope with urban development. Plans are underway to build a bridge over the River Plate (Río de la Plata) to link Colonia and Buenos Aires.

The transport network

Campos Rio de Janeiro

P

m The Itaipú dam on the Paraná river is one of the largest hydro-electric projects in the world, jointly financed by Brazil and Paraguay.

T

L

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Florianópolis

Curitiba

São Paulo

Campinas

Caxias do Sul

Blumenau

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BUENOS AIRES MONTEVIDEO La Plata

U RU G UAY

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Ribeirão Preto Marília Londrina

Santa Maria

R PA Posadas

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Bahía Blanca

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L

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sea level

100m / 328ft

250m / 820ft

500m / 1640ft

1000m / 3281ft

2000m / 6562ft

Elevation

Andradina Rio Tie tê

50,000 to 100,000

100,000 to 500,000

500,000 to 1 million

1 million to 5 million

above 5 million

Population

Map key

Southeast Brazil is home to much of the important motor and capital goods industry, largely based around São Paulo; iron and steel production is also concentrated in this region. Uruguay’s economy continues to be based mainly on the export of livestock products including meat and leather goods. Buenos Aires is Argentina’s chief port, and the region has a varied and sophisticated economic base including service-based industries such as finance and publishing, as well as primary processing.

K

AG UA Y

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 Rio de Janeiro’s annual carnival, Mardi Gras, which ushers in the start of Lent, is an extravagant five-day parade through the city, characterized by fantastically decorated floats, exuberant dancing and samba music.

São Paulo

Ilha de São Francisco São Francisco do Sul

Antonina Ilha das Peças Ilha do Mel

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SÃO PAU L O

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do Rio Preto Mirassol Bebedouro Represa de E S P Í R I TO Sertãozinho Promissão Catanduva Jaboticabal Panorama Rio Ribeirão Preto S A N TO Bo m Ag Guararapes Penápolis Novo Taqua Jes ritinga us do Itabapoan ua Dracena oP a Horizonte peí a rd Promissão Moc oca o Lins Itaperu Itápolis Presidente Epitácio Adamantina São José do Rio Pardo Miracema na Osvaldo Cruz Ri o Araraquara Casa Branca do P Pirajuí Tupã São Fidélis São João e ix Presidente e Pirassununga da Barra Venceslau Sul Campos Bariri São Carlo Presidente Prudente Marília dos s a do Rancharia Pirapòzinho raíb Garça a Go a yt Jaú r ac P az i es o Paraguaçu ue Araras Teodoro Três Rios Ri Cordeiro Rio Claro Bauru t i q Pico das Agulhas Negr Paulista as Sampaio 2787m Vas an Itapira Ti Barra Bonita MojiAssis sou No ras va e M Fr ibu t Volta Redonda ê rgo Limeira Mirim Amparo Lençóis Paulista a Rio Paranapanema Piracicaba dCru Barra Teresópolis Macaé zeiro Porecatu Pôrto Barra Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo Americana Bragança a Cam Botucatu Pet pos do JordãoMansa róp Represa Capivara oli São José r s do Pir aí Galeão Paulista Ourinhos Rio Bonit Paranavaí Guaratinguetá Indaiatuba Avaré Cornélio Procópio Conchas São Gonçaloo Rio Ivaí Nova Esperança São Jose dos Tietê Taubaté Ang Santo Antônio Itatinga Ni ra dos terói Itu Jund Piraju Arraial do Cabo Campos da Platina Tropic of Capricorn Maringá Londrina Pôrto Camargo Tatuí Reis iaí Guaru Cabo Frio Represa lhos Represa de Parati Ilha Grande Jacareí Nova Olímpia Apucarana Armando Itapetininga Sorocaba Osasco Cianorte Xavantes Ubatuba São Caetano do Sul Laydner Tropic of Caprico Ilha das Cruzeiro do Oeste Itaporanga rn Caraguatatuba Ibaiti Sete Quedas Umuarama Capão Bonito São Ber nar do do Cam po São Vice nte Santos do Sul Campo Mourão a Ilha b Goio-Erê Itapeva Ilha de Santo Amaro de São Sebastião Ortigueira Guaíra i a c a Pedro Barros Guarujá Ivaiporã Itararé Jaguariaíva nap Palotina a Telêmaco Borba Tibagi r Peruíbe ira Pa 11 ib e Represa de Itaipú Registro Reserva d o Apiaí Rio R 64 Pitanga a Toledo io r Cerro Castro Azul Jacupir Pi r anga Ri q ui oI Santa Helena ri Se va Ilha Comprida í Ponta Grossa Tunas Guaraniaçu vel

m Soya beans are harvested, pressed, and processed into soya cake, which is used as animal feed. The cake is fed mainly to chickens on large-scale factory farms, and the growth in soya production has been an important factor in the expansion of the Brazilian poultry trade.

R P A

62

25

50

projection: Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area

 The rolling grasslands of Uruguay are ideally suited to the rearing of cattle. Beef is the country’s main export commodity, valued at over one billion US dollars in 2006.

pasture cropland forest wetlands barren land

capital cities major towns

cattle sheep cereals coffee fruit soya beans sugar cane

Land use and agricultural distribution

Rio de Janeiro

25

Miles

0

0

Km

Scale 1:6,250,000

J

Transport and industry

I

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U RU G UAY

BUENOS AIRES

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Santa Fe

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Most of Uruguay and the Pampas of northern Argentina are devoted to the rearing of livestock, especially cattle and sheep, which are central to both countries’ economies. Soya beans, first produced in Brazil’s Rio Grande do Sul, are now more widely grown for large-scale export, as are cereals, sugar cane and grapes. Subsistence crops, including potatoes, corn and sugar beet, are grown on the remaining arable land.

Using the land

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The vast conurbations of Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Buenos Aires form the core of South America’s highly-urbanized eastern region. São Paulo state, with over 40 million inhabitants, is among the world’s 20 most powerful economies, and São Paulo is the fastest growing city on the continent. Rio de Janeiro and Buenos Aires, transformed in the last hundred years from port cities to great metropolitan areas each with more than 10 million inhabitants, typify the unstructured growth and wealth disparities of South America’s great cities. In Uruguay, two fifths of the population lives in the capital, Montevideo, which faces Buenos Aires across the River Plate (Río de la Plata). Immigration from the countryside has created severe pressure on the urban infrastructure, particularly on available housing, leading to a profusion of crowded shanty settlements (favelas or barrios).

AG UA Y

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 Montevideo became the capital of Uruguay following independence in 1828. The focus for Uruguayan industry and trade, it is also a popular destination for tourists from other South American countries.

MONTEVIDEO

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I

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The River Plate (Río de la Plata) is a great estuary formed at the confluence of the Paraná and Uruguay rivers near Nueva Palmira.

N

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Curitibanos Concórdia Santa Ana El Soberbio Piratuba Campos Novos Ilha de Frederico Oberá São José Três Passos Marcelino Westphalen Erechim Santa Catarina R i o o N.Alem Ramos R Can Lages Leandro Alfredo ngó Ituzai Florian tes i de ópolis Barragem rien o Cor Bom Retiro Wagner San Javier Pe Santa Rosa San José Nuestra Señora Sarandi Passo Fundo l ot Rosario de Caa Catí Apóstoles as Palmeira das Missões Azara Braço Gobernador Ingeniero Virasoro Empedrado Lagoa Vermelha Cêrro Largo do Norte Santo Ângelo Carazinho San Miguel Ri o Mburucuyá São Luiz Fundo Passo Imbituba Ijuí Barragem Gonzaga Santo São Joaquim Saladas Santa Rosa Ijuí Laguna Ernestina Casca Tomé Las Toscas n Vacaria Concepció Tubarão Criciúma Los Tábanos Alta Nova Prata Bella Vista Bossoroca Cruz Rio das Antas Soledade Villa Ocampo São Borja San Roque CORRIENTES Barragem Guaporé Araranguá Intiyaco Chavarría Tupanciretã de Passo Real Bento Gonçalves Encruzilhada Alvear Santa Lucia edes Merc de Castilhos Barros Cassal Santiago Júlio Caxias do Sul a R Itaqui io Reconquist Ibi São Francisco Torres Perugorría Guaviravi Lajeado Goya cu Três Cachoeiras í Yapeyú de Assis Tostado S A N TA F E Sapiranga Mariano I.Loza Viana Manoel Taquara Ur Montenegro Alegrete Paso de los Libres Vera Romang Santa Maria Santa Cruz do Sul Novo Hamburgo lareta Río La Gal Gravataí Osório Rio Pardo Canoas Uruguaiana Curuzú Cuatiá Sul do Cachoeira S al o a do oC Tramandaí Rí Alejandra Libertad Rio Jacuí Butiá Esquina Sauce Ceres São Gabriel Capivari Calchaquí Pântano Grande Rosário Barra do Quaraí Quaraí Pueblo Monte Caseros s do Sul Encruzilhada da Libertador Bella Unión do Sul Artigas Caçapava do Sul Co 64 nta Arrufó San José San Cristóbal Tapes Enc a s Gomensoro x s Tomá a d a i de Feliciano Serr lh S A G I RT A a Santana do Livramento Cu Santana da Boa Vista Suardi tavo Belén Baltasar Brum Soledad de are Camaquã San Javier San Gus Dom Pedrito Rio Cam im Palacios Elisa La Paz Embalse de Sa a qu Justo ral Federación San Fede de pey Grande ã a Gran n River Salto a Umberto Elen ardi Mostardas ta San ta ra Conscripto Bern Río A na Tranqueras Constitución Sunchales Canguçu Helvecia Bagé a ini Lun R Biass Sauce de Minas São Lourenço do Sul Nelson Rafaela Salto S A LTO Concordia de Corrales Pinheiro Machado Laguna Paiva Bovril Ta A Río R E Pelotas Santa Clara V eranza I OS R RÍ Esp E TR EN D Tacuarembó de Saguier Vichadero Santa Fe Vill San Salvador ay m án a Clara Angélica Tambores ó Ansina Ú San Carlos Centro María Grande D N A S PAY Isidoro Noblia yo Arro Quinta Rio Grande San Jorge Quebracho Paraná Villaguay 62 Barú Gálvez e CERRO Río Queg uay Coronda Crespo José a n r d San G e Villa Arroio Grande ín squ Ro Melo nte ma ada Dia Cañ ão TAC UA R E M B Ó Colon Paysandú Guichón oyen Rosario Jaguarão Fraile Muerto Bernardo de Irig R í o Ne Achar Basavilbaso del Tala Porvenir Algorta LARGO Río Branco goon El Trébol Hernández San Gregorio de Paso Díaz as Luc Nogoyá r RÍO ión o La no Javie cepc Polanc de San odi Con Ser Toros sas los Ro z Las Lagoa Mangueira Gonzále Santa La Paloma Victoria eral Galarza del Uruguay Young N E Go RO Vergara Totoras de Gen Clara TA Grec TREIN Blanquillo San Lorenzo The state of Rio Grande do Sul ro Carlos Reyles Olimar Berlín vo Nue g Armstrong e Y TRES contains some of Brazil’s most Gualeguaychú O Cerro z o NR N Enrique Martínez Z A General R U í D ay legu Cañada de Góme o í í Tres P y tos Gua R R Treinta ara o Y Sarandí del Yí Chato Fray Ben fertile soils. The weathered í Cebollatí Casilda Pedro José cedes Mer ez rocks produce terra rossa, a José Batlle y Ordóñ í Acebal Varela Santa Vitória do Palmar los Arroyos Soriano Palmitas Durazno Arequito Pérez de s Nico olá Nic n Zapicá San reddish-purple soil renowned Trinidad F L O R I DA Chabas O Chuí Médanos S O R I A NJosé allo Rodó Sarandí Grande Pirarajá Río Ce que Lascano Enri for the rich coffee it produces. Firmat Alcorta Santa Teresa Ram Chuy Dolores Conesa FLORES Cerro Colorado va LLEJA uy Nue LAVA CHA Ibic RO ona ro Card Ismael San Ped Coronilla La Elortondo Cruz La ira Palm Cortinas Baradero Paraná Velázquez Mariscala da Carmelo S A N FrayFlori A Venado Pergamino Marcos Casupá Castillos C O L O N Iecia Zárate JOSÉ n Ramó va Helv Tuerto Colón San Nue Aiguá Mayo José de Arrecifes Tala Mesopotamia is a narrow Campana Belén de Escobar Rosario San Minas Rocha Cabo Polonio Salto Santa Lucía Rojas Juan L.Lacaze ONADO depression, no more than San Isidro Pilar nto Canelones MALD ame San Gregorio Rufino Sacr del es Paloma La nia de nal Pan Colo Are General s CANELONES Azúcar San Carlos 180 miles (290 km) wide, which lies Libertad San Andrés de Gile Luján Pando Las Piedras Maldonado between the Paraná and Uruguay Merlo des Piriápolis Diego de Alvear Ezeiza La Paz Junín Chacabuco Merce Punta del Este Carrasco rivers, stretching more than Lincoln La Plata General Pinto l era Gen 1000 miles (1603 km) south from Chivilcoy Lomas de Magdalena Río O’Brien Alberti dsen Arenaza Bran ra d Navarro Ameghino mo Za the Brazilian Shield to the Pampas. e la Río S Loma Verde alado Lobos as General Viamonte o Verónica Pl a General Villeg Bragad Monte ta Punta Piedras San Miguel del 64 ús inco Pasteur scom ntic Cha Vei Timote Quiroga de Mayo Roque Pérez Ranchos Pipinas Río Paraná river Bahía Nueve de Julio ca Saladillo Carlos Tejedor Manuel S al n es sar a a Ca s do J.Cobo Samborombón General Belgrano Rivadavia Carlo l l im a ó uaj V Peh o Castelli Bellocq General Alvear o Del Valle Francisco Mader Las Flores Punta Norte uen uq La Dolores ue s nq rlo Tre San Clemente del Tuyú San Ca r ral Lavalle Gene líva Bo de Santa Teresita Salazar ué alq Tap o Cabo San Cacharí General Guid Henderson Pellegrini Antonio Daireaux Rauch Maipú Punta Sur Azul Juan eral Gen The Argentinian Pampas lie Salliqueló a ría ariag Mad Olavar to the south of the River Plate n Pirá o eral Gen Ayacuch Guaminí (Río de la Plata), meeting southern Tandil Huanguelén General La Madrid Coronel Vidal Mesopotamia in the north and the Carhué Chillar acia Ign ría Ma Rivera Atlantic Ocean to the east. They rez ito Suá Ben Coronel are covered by deposits of silt, Laprida San Manuel rez Juá üé Pig án Pu alluvium and volcanic ash. Mar del Plata Balcarce De La Claraz otes Punta Mog Garma Adolfo Lobería Mechongué Darragueira el ron la Co z de zále rra Gon Sie Pringles tana Chaves San Miramar Tornquist Ven Tres os Cayetano Cerro Tres Pic3m Arroyos Necochea Saldungaray 124 Coronel Bellocq Cabildo Dorrego San Francisco de ca an Bahía Bl Oriente ecó Clarom

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Low plateaux and hills, like the Cuchilla Grande, dominate the landscape of Uruguay, which lies in a transitional zone between the humid Pampas of Argentina and the hilly uplands of Brazil.

N

Sand barrier formed from sandy silts eroded in the Pampas region

Coastal lagoons

Saltwater

Sand bar builds in parallel to the shoreline

O

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Q

m The Atlantic coast of Uruguay and southern Brazil has many large lagoons. Long-term lagoons are formed when sea levels change; 6000 years ago, the sea level near Buenos Aires was 6.5 ft (2 m) higher than it is today. More temporary lagoons are enclosed by spits and sand bars, created by the drifting of sand and sediment in parallel with the shoreline.

River delta

Freshwater river

The Serra do Mar runs along the Atlantic coast towards Porto Alegre. South of this, the land slopes away to become lower and more level in Uruguay.

In winter, polar air masses and the cyclonic storms associated with them, can bring heavy rain, frosts and even snow, as far north as São Paulo.

Tracing the edge of São Paulo state, the Paraná river drains the Brazilian Highlands, finally reaching the sea at the River Plate (Río de la Plata). Along with the Paraguay river, it is at the centre of a controversial scheme to turn the largely unnavigable route into a great shipping canal.

 A number of large inland tidal lakes fringe the Atlantic coastlines of Uruguay and southeastern Brazil.

 Tall lines of palm trees edge the savannah landscape of Mesopotamia in northeastern Argentina.

m In 1990, Buenos Aires was a modest port city with a population of less than 1 million. Today, more than 12 million people live in the city and its environs.

The southern reaches of the Brazilian Highlands follow the Atlantic coast to form low, rolling hills in the northeast of Uruguay. Much of South America’s mid-eastern region and all of Uruguay has a gentle relief with land rarely rising above 300 ft (100 m). Argentina’s northeast comprises two main regions: a long, narrow lowland known as Mesopotamia; and part of the Pampas grasslands.

The landscape

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SOUTH AMERICA: EASTERN SOUTH AMERICA

de

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Cordillera Sillajguay

Resistencia

AG

Rosario

R

BUENOS AIRES

9180 miles (14,775 km)

Argentina’s state transport system is undergoing privatization, though the outmoded rail network requires updating. Paraguay requires foreign investment to upgrade its roads and railways. Essential internal air routes, especially across the Andes, are well developed in all three countries.

26,811 miles (43,153 km)

55,062 miles (93,453 km)

capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

3038 miles (4889 km)

chemicals engineering food processing meat processing mining oil textiles timber processing

Major industry and infrastructure

m Chuquicamata copper mine, lies on a desert plateau near Calama in the Andes of northern Chile. It is the world’s largest open-cast copper mine.

The transport network

Ciudad del Este

Posadas

Y

B

UA

Bahía Blanca

Córdoba

Comodoro Rivadavia

SANTIAGO

Punta Arenas

Puerto Montt

Valdivia

Concepción

Talca

Valparaíso

R

ASUNCIÓN

PA

LIVIA

A R G E N T I NA

BO

Mendoza

CHILE

Antofagasta

Iquique

Arica

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m Boiling water and steam emerge from a volcanic vent, one of the Tatio geysers which lie at the foot of Cerro de Tocorpuri near Chile’s border with Bolivia.

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Río C

 Floodwaters cover the land in the Gran Chaco, partly submerging its vegetation of fan palms and hyacinths.

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Huasco

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Tierra Amarilla

Copiapó

Cerro Ojos del Salado 6880m Monte Pissis 6774m

Chilecito

Salamanca

La Rioja

Cerro General Manuel Belgrano 6250m

La Fragua

Salinas de Ambargasta

Talca R

Malargüe

Alta Gracia

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Paso de los Libres

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Federación

Embalse de Salto Grande

Monte Caseros

Curuzú Cuatiá

Chajarí

Santa Fe ENTRE RÍOS Paraná

Laguna Paiva

Rosario

General Villegas

General Viamonte

Chivilcoy

General Pico Pehuajó Eduardo Castex Trenque Lauquen Quemú Quemú San Carlos de Bolívar Luan Toro Catriló

a San Miguel Magdalena P la del Monte ta Verónica Ranchos nca Saladillo Pip Cha inas a scom ús im l l a General Alvear R oV Las Floresío Sa o Bahía BUENOS AIRES Doloreslad Samborombón Lobos

Rí

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BUENOS AIRES

San Andrés de Giles

Ibicuy

Zárate Campana

Gualeguaychú Larroque Médanos

Lomas de Zamora

Mercedes

Pergamino

San Pedro Baradero

Junín

Rojas

Colón

Lincoln Chacabuco

Laboulaye Rufino

Venado Tuerto

Paraná San Nicolás de los Arroyos Ramallo

Cañada de Gómez

A R G E N T I N A Arizona

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sea level

100m / 328ft

250m / 820ft

500m / 1640ft

1000m / 3281ft

2000m / 6562ft

3000m / 9843ft

4000m / 13,124ft

6000m / 19,686ft

Elevation

below 10,000

10,000 to 50,000

50,000 to 100,000

100,000 to 500,000

500,000 to 1 million

1 million to 5 million

Population

Map key

Santo Tomé

Apóstoles

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Eldorado

ú

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Cataratas del Iguazú Río Igua z

Represa de Itaipú

MISIONES Ignacio

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PARANÁ Ciud ad del

Caacupé Coronel Oviedo Paraguarí Villarrica

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CORDILLERA

Villaguay DiamanteCrespo Nogoyá Basavilbaso Bell Ville Concepción del Uru San Lorenzo Victoria guay

Las Varillas Gálvez

Esperanza

Sunchales

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San José de Feliciano La Paz Federal

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SANTA FE

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SAN CANINDEYÚ PEDRO Villa Hayes

Rosario

Caazapá G PARA San Juan Z AP Á A A C Bautista Yuty o Te Pilar b i c u a r y ITAPÚA SIO Humaitá NES Encarnación San

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Monte Comén Cerro Sosneado 5189m Volcán Tinguiririca El Nihuil Embalse 4300m del Nihuil

San Rafael

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Constitución

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La Paz Tunuyán Río Tun Volcán Maipo 5323m

San Bernar

LIBERTADOR

Peumo

6800m

Cerro Aconcagua

Caucete

GO SANTIA do Chilecito

Santa Cruztaquito a Licantén Río M Curicó Molina

Pichilemu

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Melipilla R ío Ma i p o

Santiago Valparaíso Ma ipú San Antonio

N TI AGO

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SAN JUAN

6959m SO VALPARAÍSan Felipe Las Heras Mendoza La Calera Godoy Cruz Maipú Quillota San Martín Cerro Juncal SA 6180m Volcán Tupungato Viña del Mar

La Ligua

Los Vilos

Río

Illapel

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6252 m

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Trancas

Joaquín V. González

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Salta

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6380m Guandacol LA RIOJA Salina La Higuera La Antigua Desagües de Cerro Las Tórtolas Salina Río m los Colorados 6323 Grande La Serena Elqui Patquía eo Rod Vicuña bo im al l qu Chamica Jách Co San José de Funes Deán BO Las Flores Niquivil Tongoy COQUIM Serrezuela Cerro de Ovalle Monte Patria Olivares Jesús María

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Cerro del Potro 5830m

ATACAMA

Río

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Bahía Copiapó

Río Co

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Santa María

CATAMARCA

Salar de Antofalla

Puna de Cerro Galán 6600m Atacama Cafayate

Volcán Azufre 5680m

Salar de Arizaro

Salar Pocitos

de los Cobres

B O

V

Tintina Bella Vista Monteros Las Palmas SANTIAGO Concepción General Pinedo Hualfin Termas de Río Hondo Resistencia General Capdevila La Madrid Clodomira Belén La Banda Barranqueras Co Quimilí rrientes Pa Fiambalá Santiago del Estero La Posta raná El Puesto Santa Sylvina Empedrado Cerro Bonete San Fernando DEL ESTERO 6872m Mburucuyá del Valle de Catamarca Añatuya San Blas Saladas CerroAzul Pituil de los Sauces Frías Colonia Dora Bella Vista 5070m S Intiyaco Villa Mazán Bandera TE Famatina

Salar de Pedernales Diego de Almagro Potrerillos Inca de Oro

Catalina

Punta Negra

GASTA ANTOFA Salar de Bahía Nuestra Señora Taltal

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Volcán Socompa 6031m

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Food processing and agricultural exports remain a fundamental part of Argentina’s economy. The growth of manufacturing is regularly hampered by hyper-inflation and massive foreign debts. The world’s most important copper-producer and one of the top twenty gold producers, Chile also has a thriving wine and grape industry. Most Paraguayan exports involve primary processing, although domestic goods are produced for home markets.

Transport and industry

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TARA Capitán Pablo Lagerenza 5995m South America’s cone-shaped southern region is shared by Argentina Huara al Cerro León e e Iquiqu and Chile, two overwhelmingly urbanized nations whose Pozo Almonte 1000m r General Eugenio B o ALTO A.Garay populations live mainly in or around the capital cities, o c PA RAGUAY C h a Lagunas Buenos Aires and Santiago. The people are largely mestizo or Fuerte Olimpo of European origin; in the early 20th century Argentina absorbed Volcán Ollagüe 56 5869m Río BOQUERÓN Quillagua waves of new European immigrants, many from Italy and Germany. Volcán San Pedro 58 6159m Mariscal Estigarribia uri Paraguay is far less urbanized than its neighbours, with a homogeneous Chíuchíu Cerro de Tocorp Tocopilla 6755m La Quiaca Doctor Pedro P.Peña o Chuquicamata María Elena Tartagal population of mixed Spanish and Guaraní origin, who retain their Indian Calama Rutana Bella c ko Volcán AMA Vista Coronel Cornejo Mina Pirquitas Abra Pampa de 5890m ro Ped roots through the Guaraní language. Though most Paraguayans live in the M Valdivia Cer ro Zapaleri a Pedro Juan Ca San Ramón de la Nueva Orán 5648m San Pedro PR Humahuaca JUJUY ES Mejillones southeast, near Asunción, the indigenous Indians live in the sparsely populated ballero ID CO EN NC TE EPCIÓN de Atacama Volcán Lascar Pichanal Embarcación n Juan Solá R á 5154m í b o a HA Concepción Aquid YE S uedano Gran Chaco. The Gran Chaco is also home to some of Argentina’s minority Baq Pozo Colorado Los Blancos rn Salar de Horqueta é Ciudad de Libertador Tropic of Caprico Yuto n Ingeniero Guillermo Belén Atacama General San Martín Antofagasta Río Ypa indigenous peoples, who otherwise live mainly in Andean regions. Chile’s Tropic of Ca Nueva Juárez pricorn C Nevado de Chañi Rí o Jujuy Cerro Rincón de Salvador San 6200m 5594m h B estimated 800,000 Mapauche Indians live almost exclusively in the south. erm San Pedro Rí San Ped San Antonio a

A R G E N T I N A , C H I L E , PA R A G U AY

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SOUTH AMERICA

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The Patagonian ice sheet is the world’s third largest ice field, covering 6560 sq miles (17,000 sq km). Patagonia also contains many typical features from past glaciations. These include glacial lakes,U-shaped valleys, fjords and deep-cut channels.

Patagonia divides into two zones, with the Andes in the west, and the lower main plateau, extending east towards the Atlantic. It is a desolate area with climatic extremes; dark lava fields scattered with light bunchgrass give a ‘leopard skin’ effect to the landscape.

Alluvial deposits from the many rivers in central Chile have created rich soils, ideal for a wide range of agriculture.

Cerro Aconcagua in the central Andes is the tallest mountain in the whole chain, rising to 22,834 ft (6959 m).

C

Cape Horn is the most southerly point of South America. The severity of the Roaring Forties winds makes the Horn one of the world’s most treacherous shipping regions.

Most of the highest mountains in Chile’s northern Andes are volcanoes like Volcán Lascar and Volcán Rutana.

m The Atacama Desert (Desierto de Atacama) in Chile is one of the driest places on Earth where some areas have never recorded any rain. It contains a number of salt lakes.

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Ice-capped Andes are source of loess

E

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on Puerto Natales

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Península Brunswick Strait

P

Limay Mahuida General Acha Salitral de LA PAMPA La Perra Veinticinco de Mayo Catriel

W

Olavarría

Daireaux

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(Cape Horn)

Drake Passag

Cabo de Hornos

Guaminí

Cape Meredith

Weddell Island

Mount Adam West Falkland 700m

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Isla de los Estados

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(to UK)

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projection: Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area

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Using the land and sea

Scale 1:8,750,000

FALKLAND ISLANDS

Tierra TIERRA del Fuego

Río Grande

Punta de Arenas

Dungeness Bahía Punta Lomas

Isla esid Monte e Clarence Sarmiento DEL FUEGO 2300m ock ckn Isla Lago Fagnano Ushuaia Península Bre B e a gle Cha Gordon nne l Isla Nueva art Stew Isla Isla Isla Londonderr y Navarino Isla Isla Hoste Lennox Isla Wollaston

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Punta Bustamante

Bahía Grande

Río Gallegos

Porvenir Bahía Inútil

Punta Arenas

Río Ga

ring o Sky Sen Isla Riesco Ot o Sen

Cerro La Silueta 1285m

és Isla Santa In

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Thick layer of loess sediments

Windblown particles

Rainfall

els

Cerro Pináculo R 2160m Cerro Paine 2670m a Cerro Balmaced 2035m

NES MAGALLA

Almagro ho N Isla Diego de rec Est

Salvación

Isla Chatham York Isla de e qu Isla Du Hanover Bahía

de Dios

Canal Moraleda

m A thick, fertile layer of loess lies in the basin underlying the Argentinian Pampas. It has been laid down following successive periods of glaciation. The minute loess particles are transported as dust and deposited by a downward air motion, or following rainfall.

Argentinian Pampas Jet stream

Andes

The Pampas derive their name from an Indian word meaning flat surface. The dry western region is largely desert, whereas the east is well-watered, supporting temperate grasses.

Landlocked Paraguay relies on its river system for access to the sea and to produce hydro-electric power. The most important river system is the Paraguay–Paraná which provides links into neighbouring countries including Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina.

The Gran Chaco combines poor drainage, extremely hot temperatures and thorn-infested scrub to make it one of South America’s most inhospitable regions.

Arch ip

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15

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m Charred tree stumps surround a cattle enclosure on the island of Tierra del Fuego in southern Argentina. Forest clearance to provide grazing land for cattle is of major environmental concern.

Punta Arenas

IL

Es

The Andes run from north to south, forming a precipitous natural border between Chile and Argentina. East of the Andes are the scrublands of the Gran Chaco and the plains of the Pampas, which extend northward towards Paraguay. In the far southwest, Chile’s indented Pacific coastline has many features typical of areas which have been affected by glaciation.

Santa Rosa Salliqueló

N

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San Azul Rauch General San Clemente del Tuyú ta Teresita Guido General Juan General La Madrid Madariaga Coronel Tandil Ayacucho Yumbel Volcán Antuco Chos Malal e Ar auc o Coronel Suárez Puán 3585m o d Arauco Lota Darragueira f l Laprida Pigüé Go NEUQUÉN Los Ángeles Bernasconi Coronel Pringles Lebu Balcarce Volcán Copahué Angol 2980m Tornquist Mar del Plata Puelches San én Gr Cañete Tres ue Collipulli Arroy os Cayetano an Loncop Punta Mogotes e u q é n Embalse s u rado s Colo os Laja Cerr Mir Las amar Bahía Blanca Río Col orado Coronel Dorrego ARAUCANÍA Isla Mocha Médanos Cerro Las Lajas Plaza Necochea Cipolletti Lautaro La Adela Grande Oriente 2650m Zapala Huincul Punta Alta Roca ral o Gene Ba Temuc hía B Rio Colorado Darwin Volcán LlaimaArroCutral-Có Neuquén lan ca yo P Pitrufquén iáun Cunco 3124m Choele Choel Hilario Ascasubi T ol t é n Leu é cón o Pu min í Alu fú Toltén R Pedro Luro oN Loncoche Volcán Villarrica m Great blocks of ice break egr 2840m o Villalonga LOS RÍOS gos away from the jagged blue O NEGR RÍO Junín de los Andeso Li General Conesa Bajo La Gran s B í Lo a vi a Stroeder R peaks of these ice mountains Valdi San jo de del Gualicho t Salina a Lago Corral des An R Bahía Anegada to form icebergs off the coast osa San Martín de los Río Bue no del Gualicho Ranco of Patagonia, Argentina’s Lago Ranco Río Bueno Sierra Colorada Valcheta no or Os San Antonio Oeste most southerly region. Lago Los Menucos apí Viedma Hu l Nahue Comallo Corte Alto or Cerro Tronad San Carlos de Bariloche Maquinchao 3554m oyo Salado Lago Golfo Arr Ingeniero Varas Sierra Grande i Llanquihue Puerto bacc Jaco tt to Mon er Arroyo de la Ventana San Matías Pu ín ull Ma LOS El Bolsón Puerto Lobos Golfo Ancud LAGOS Península Valdés San Gastre Golfo Telsen The rich plains of the Pampas support massive herds of cattle, ro Tres Picos Si e n Cer José Salinas de da 2492m ua raPuerto Madryn Golfo Grandes o H l Isla Castro Ancud producing meat, milk and hides essential to the domestic and a o UT olil Ch UB Nuevo CH a vid C má Punta Delgada Volcán Minchin de ra Esquel 2470m export markets of both Argentina and Paraguay. Wheat and fruit ier Isla T é Trelew ilo Ch a Gaimán Tranqui Trevelín el d are Argentina’s other major agricultural products. A wide range of Futaleufú Dolavón Rawson jo Cerro Cónico Ba Quellón 2271m Volcán Corcovado s soft fruits, citrus fruits and more specialized crops such as walnuts, Pluma o Las e Embals 2300m El Corcovad a en Golfo Florentino Ameghino Palena de Indios o Paso afo and grapes for wine and the table, are grown in Chile’s fertile ad Gu ov a rc Isl Co Río Meseta Bahía José de Isla Guaiteca Monte Melimoyu de Gran Central Valley, while the landscape to the south is dominated by fen San Martín Stef Vera ro Cer 2400m Montemayor Laguna Salada 2108m s Río Cisnes forestry, mainly growing commercial radiata pine. Paraguay is e n Bahía s Río Ci Cerro Dedo Camarones Camarones Isla 2020m o Río self-sufficient in wheat and other staples. Cotton, coffee, tobacco a Alt Isl Benjamín Senguer Magdalena Lago Lago Colhué Bahía Bustamante es n and oilseeds such as soya, are the major export crops. Lago Cerro Macá Huapí a Isla Guambli Isla Jamr tan nca Fon Pico de Salama 2860m Musters Isla Melcho Puerto Aisén o Golf Sarmiento i ria PER cto t Vi a Isl s Coihaique The urban/rural population divide BO Comodoro Rivadavia Ca gu Isla Rivero LIVIA el en a d Tilly S ced Rada ma Bal Río San Jorge pa urban 84% rural 16% Isla m a Lago B P PA Caleta Olivia Nalcayec Península R Buenos Aires reno R Skyring Perito Mo AG e s eado D Península o ico í Ch ile R cado Ch Pico Trun de Taitao Antofagasta U Los 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 AY lentin Salta Antiguos Cerro San Va4058m Cerro Hyades Jaramillo ASUNCIÓN Cabo Blanco Península 3078m te Zeballos Mon Population density Total land area Tres Montes Cochrane 2743m SA NT A CR UZ Golfo Isla Posadas A IS ÉN Lago 40 people per sq mile 1,498,757 sq miles ier Puerto Deseado Jav red de Pueyr ón (15 people per sq km) (3,882,790 sq km) Gran CHILE Punta Pozos o enz Lor s Bajo San na nte pa Pe Mo Pam Bahía de los No 3706m Córdoba dale ra del s Rí o P Isla Byronuven Land use and Rosario Mendoza a Asador o Strobel C n Al SANTIAGO Isla Juan St Lag t agricultural distribution e n ip l a ni c i e Isla t ra l na Prat Lago BUENOS AIRES Isla Campa es capital cities cattle Cerro Mellizo Sur San Martín Lago Gobernador Gregor G 3050m h nc Concepción Ly major towns sheep io ic A R G E N T I NA Cardiel ran Baj o San Julián Puert Isla Patr ide o Cerro Pirám 0m cereals Rí de San Julián Cerro Cangrejo 338 pasture alda oC Bahía Blanca 2028m fruit Isla Esmer h ic cropland del Carbon Laguna o Valdivia Monte Fitzroy grapes Lago n e -105m u h forest 3375m Isla e h S o í R Viedma timber Comandante Luis Piedra Buena barren land Cerro Colorado Wellington ruz Cerro Murallón fishing 1235m Puerto Santa Cruz n ta C mountain region a n 1m S to 283 ng o í ni R Entrada Punta Isla Mor d an desert idad Cerro Bertr 00m Argentino 32 Golfo Trinadre go La Isla M El Calafate

San Carlos

A

C

Talcahuano

25

24

23

22

21

20

19

18

17

16

15

14

SOUTH AMERICA: SOUTHERN SOUTH AMERICA

63

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Reykjavík

Resources

The Atlantic is the youngest of the world’s oceans, formed about 180 million years ago when the landmasses of the eastern and western hemispheres separated. Its underwater topography is dominated by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a huge mountain system running north to south along the centre of the ocean. Although most of the ridge’s peaks lie below the sea, some emerge as volcanic islands, like Iceland and the Azores. The Atlantic contains a wealth of resources, including substantial oil and gas reserves and rich fishing grounds. Until the 1950s, the north Atlantic was the world’s busiest shipping route; cheaper air transport and alternative routes have shifted patterns of world trade.

The Atlantic Ocean

E

Wed

dell Sea

ea Sea

2.5

5 Km

5 Miles

(to UK)

BERMUDA

2.5

Kindley Field

IC AT L A N T

O

C

a

Hispaniola ge Basin ss a

Turks & Caicos Islands (to UK)

A

Eng land

Puerto Rico

Nar es P la in

Cartagena

Orinoc

La Guaira o

Sea

an

BARBADOS

ou

Great Hellefiske Bank

ti c

Hamilton Bank

K

d la n

tis

Oce

N

Frac

French SURINAME Guiana Cayenne (to France)

Demerara Plateau Georgetown Paramaribo GUYANA

Am Fa az n

em Pl er ai ara n

n

r

Ce

T

da Fr actur

ar

Re

yk

á R idge

I

i

j

ne

nel

Km 200 200

400 400

600

S

la he t

Belfast

British Isles

F

earo

Faroe Islands (to Denmark)

nd

Tr

Arctic Circle

ou

600

1000

Plain

Seamount

n

Gambia Plain

Basin

M A URI T A N I A Nouakchott

GAMBIA

SENEGAL

Monrovia

Sierra Leone Basin

LI

GUINEA

Conakry SIERRA Freetown LEONE

BISSAU

Bissau GUINEA-

Banjul

Dakar

o Le ra e Sier Ris

VERDE

Cape Verde

Nouâdhibou

V e r d e CAPE T e r r a c e

Cape

MADEIRA

0

5

0 5 10 10

20

20

30

25

50

La Palma

0

25

40 km

100 Km

Santa Cruz de la Palma

50

100 Miles

Santa Cruz

40 Miles

BE R

IA

Abidjan

Porto Santo

Santa Cruz de Tenerife

BENIN TOGO

r

CAMEROON Douala Malabo

N I G ERI A Lagos Lomé Porto-Novo Port Harcourt SekondiNig er Fan Takoradi

E A O C

Las Palmas Las Palm de Gran Canaria N Gran Canaria

Nige

Puerto del Rosario

Arrecife

Alegranza Graciosa Teguise

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

as

Antigua Fuerteventura Punta de Tuineje Jandia

La Oliva

Lanzarote

(CANARY ISLANDS) (to Spain) Tinajo

ISLAS CANARIAS

A T L A N T I C

GHANA

Bugio

Deserta Grande

Reina Sofía Nieves 1949m Las Palmas Cruz

Santa de Tenerife

Garajonay 1487m

IVORY COAST

Valverde Hierro

Camacha Porto Santo

Santa Maria

São Miguel

Vila do Porto

Funchal

30

N

100 Miles

Ribeira Grande

A

100 Km

Santa Maria

E

50

Q

m On 5 January 1993, the oil tanker Braer ran aground in the Shetland Islands, spilling 83,660 tons (85,000 tonnes) of light crude oil into the ocean, devastating the local marine ecosystem.

SCALE 1:2,500,000

Câmara de Lobos

ALGERIA

SCALE 1:6,500,000 0

Ponta Delgada

Ponta Delgada

AF R I CA

Casablanca O C C O

50

C

25

Los Rodeos Los Llanos de Aridane Puerto de la Cruz La Orotava Pico del Teide Villahermoso Tenerife Gáldar 3718m Gomera Pico de las

R

Safi

Canary Islands (to Spain) Western Saha ran Seam nts Sahara ou (occupied by Morocco) Cape Verde Tropic Seamount Tropic of Cancer Plain

Great Meteor Tablemount

a deir Ma idge ga R Madeira dir Madeira (to Portugal) Ca Dacia nyo Cruiser Tablemount

Ampère Seamount

O

25

(to Portugal) Porto Santo AT L AIlhéu de Baixo Madeira Porto do Moniz N T Ponta do Pargo IC São Vicente Faial Pico Ruivo de Santana Machico O 1862m Calheta C Funchal Ribeira Brava

1000

Terceira

P

SCALE 1:6,500,000 0

0

Terceira Vila da Praia da Vitória Angra do Heroísmo

C

EU R OPE

North Sea

Shetland Islands

gh

800

projection: Mollweide

Miles

0

0

800

Madalena

Ponta do Pico 2351m Pico

Faial Horta

I

O

Graciosa

T

São Jorge

N

Scale 1:43,000,000

Far oeRid Icelan ge d

Iceland Basin

A

(to Portugal)

L

N

AZORES

A T

Rockall n ry nk tto Ba l Ha l c ka rou Ro Edoras ll T ka Bank

n ha ac Se

Surtsey

ICELAND

Flores

Corvo

M

Irish UNITED IRELAND Sea KINGDOM Zone Porcupine Cork Rotterdam Milford Haven Bank East Thulean S ea Rise Celtic Southampton l e Goban h Chann Celtic nglis Spur ne Shelf E Pl a in Loire Nantes Bis cay P FRA N CE lain Bay of Bordeaux Charcot Biscay Kin gs T Seamounts ro u Galicia s Gijón gh i Bilbao Bank -B es nP or Az lai Leixões n PORTUGAL Tagus SPAIN Lisbon Azores Guadiana (to Portugal) Tagus oe Plain sh nts e Zon e orsaemou East Az Strait of Gibraltar H ores Fractur Gibraltar

s

ge

Reykjavík

d Ri

Four North Fracture Zone

s Fracture Zo

Zone

L

it Stra ark m n e D

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C Krylov Seamount

e Zone

Doldrum

R

t F r a c t u re Z o n e

ic

West Thulean Rise

Vema F racture

racu

a

n

ture Zone

la

rap h e

t

an o g

d Ridge

Kane Fra cture Zone

D

Se

Milne Newfoundland Seamounts Seamounts

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Bar

ak

a ch

l ne

Reykjanes Basin

Charlie-Gibbs Fracture

Im

su ars

Newfoundland wf Basin ou n

A

Corner Seamounts

Ne

Greenland (to Denmark)

ge R id

Flemish Cap

Orphan Knoll

Grand Banks of Newfoundland

Eirik

Mi d-O ce

Labrador Basin

Labrador Nuuk Sea

nd

L

Plain

Sohm Nashville Seamount

T

dS

Baffin Basin

Baffin Bay

Newfoundland

Barr acuda R ge id

TRINIDAD & TOBAGO

SOUTH COLOMBIA AMERICA

VENEZUELA

Maracaibo

Venezuelan S e a Basin

Muertos Trough

REPUBLIC (to USA)

Colombian Basin Barranquilla

Caribbean

JAMAICA

Gulf of COSTA Limón Darien RICA Cristóbal A PANAM

Bluefields

NICARAGUA

HONDURAS

CU BA

k ham

THE BAHAMAS

se Ri

New

S arga s so Se a

da

Bermuda (to UK)

Gulf of St. Lawrence

cotia va S No Halifax

ds slan dI ar

Gibbs Hill 73m

Blake Plateau

ke R -

n

New York

Georges Bank

Montréal

Tr Puerto Pa h n Trenc Windward HAITI DOMINICAN Rico Leew ench ayma

Yucatan Basin

of S t r a i t sd a Flori

araguan Nic ise Puerto Cortés R

BELIZE

Belize City

ank che B m pe Ca

St Catherine St George’s Island Point St George

Veracruz

Bay of Campeche

Jacksonville

G ul f of M e xi co

pi sip ssis Mi Fan

New Orleans

re

Boston

aw

Baltimore

St. L

nce

NORTH AMERICA

S E T A A ST IC D R TE ME I N A U F OMobile Savannah Bla

major towns major ports

fish whales aggregates oil & gas

Castle St David’s Harbour Island Ireland Island Commissioner’s Harrington Tucker’s North Point Sound Town Ireland Island South Spanish Flatts Village Somerset Point Somerset Island Great Sound HAMILTON A Little E Sound C

0

0

SCALE 1:500,000

MEXICO

Tampico

Tropic of Cancer

AN T AR CTI CA

tia S

m Fishing in the seas around northwestern Europe dates back over 1500 years. The high nutrient content of the seas makes them ideal breeding grounds for many species of fish.

Sco

Resources (including wildlife)

Cape Town

J

l

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

Buenos Aires

I

m Surtsey near Iceland, lies on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The island was formed in 1963 following a volcanic eruption caused by sea-floor spreading.

H

ga

le n a

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Rotterdam

Development of the oil and gas reserves in the Atlantic began in the 1940s around Baffin NORTH EUROPE Arctic Circle the Gulf of Mexico. Since then other Foxe Island AMERICA New York Basin Gibraltar areas have been exploited, including 5 F o xe Chan New Orleans the North Sea, the west coast of Africa nel Sargasso Hu Sea and the area east of Newfoundland and dso A F R I C A Caribbean n St Sea La Guaira rait Nova Scotia. There is also extensive mining Cristóbal Ungava Lagos of sand, gravel and shell deposits by the USA Bay A T L A N T I C and UK. For centuries, the north Atlantic’s 6 O C E A N SOUTH fishing grounds have been utilized more AMERICA heavily than other oceans, leading to a C A N A D A serious decline in many fish stocks. Rio de Janeiro

4

3

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D

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WOR LD OCE ANS

on

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Sedge Island

ou

E A N O C

Pebble Island

Molten rock seeps through faults

Transform faults running east–west displace central ridge

O

C

FALKLAND ISLANDS

m Running the length of the ocean, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a complex system of sea-floor spreading, transform faults and volcanic islands. At its centre is a large rift valley 15–30 miles (24–48 km) wide, formed by the upwelling of the ocean floor toward both Africa and South America.

(to UK)

5

10

20

20

30

40

50

30

40

60 Km

50

ds

65

0

60 Miles

Sea Lion Islands

C T I N A T L A

ge

ss Pa

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Keppel Island

le Eag

SCALE 1:3,000,000

L

A

GEORGETOWN

0

0 5

10 Km

Tropic of Capricorn

5

SCALE 1:750,000

(to UK)

Egg Island

5 5

10 Km

SCALE 1:750,000

c st S

Longwood

The Haystack 616m

Flagstaff Bay

10 Miles

AN

Gill Point Long Range Point Castle Rock Point

Diana's Peak 820m

We

entin

e Plain

a Ri dg

id aR oti

ge

th Scotia Ri

Hotspur Seamount

Islands (to UK)

na Saint Hele

Amer

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S e a

L

 Rocky breakwaters have been built along the coast of Ghana to protect local fishing boats from being destroyed by powerful Atlantic waves. K

(to UK)

Big Point Rookery Point

0

0

5

M

5

10 Miles

IC OCEAN

10 Km

SCALE 1:750,000

LANT

N

Anchorstock Point Queen Mary's Peak Sandy Point 2060m Lyon Point Longbluff Stonybeach Bay Cave Point Stonyhill Point AT

EDINBURGH

Vema Seamount

Bouvet Island (to Norway)

ntic-India

ts oun eam

e n Ridg

Cap

Schmidt-Ott Seamount

Plain

Maud Rise

O

6000m / 19,686ft

5000m / 16,400ft

4000m / 13,124ft

3000m / 9843ft

2000m / 6562ft

1000m / 3281ft

200m / 656ft

Sea level

Sea depth

Antarctic Circle

Fa

n

se

Erica Seamount

Protea Seamount

P

sea level

100m / 328ft

Q

250m / 820ft

500m / 1640ft

1000m / 3281ft

Elevation

below 10,000

10,000 to 50,000

50,000 to 100,000

100,000 to 500,000

Population

25

24

23

22

20

Mosselbaai

s ha ul sin g A a B

Agulhas Bank

SOUTH AFRICA

Ora nge R i ve r

Lüderitz

Tropic of Capricorn

NAMIBIA

Inset map key

Riiser-Larsen Sea

Ocean map key

e dg Ri

Lobito

Cape Town

i eR

DEM. REP. CONGO

Equator

ANGOLA

Luanda

Namibe

Walvis Bay Ewing Seamount Valdivia Seamount

Namibia

Cape

a

Basin

W

l

Zubov Seamount

Bas i n

A ngol a

an

CONGO

Pointe-Noire Matadi

ANGOLA (Cabinda)

tic -In dia n B asin lan At

dge

CA CTI R TA N TRISTAN DA CUNHA A

i n P l a

tla

Spiess Seamount

A

is S Dav

Discovery Tablemount

Lazarev Sea

a Ri

Gough Island

Crawford Seamount

Nightingale Island

Zone

Island

(to UK)

Tristan da Cunha (to UK)

Zone racture

Cunha F Tristan da Inaccessible

Saint Helena

Wüst Seamount

Zon cture

e

one ure Z Fract

C E

Zone

Zone ture

G u l f o f EQUATORIAL GUINEA GABON Guinea G u i n e a SAO TOME & Basin Port-Gentil PRINCIPE

A N

Frac

ture e Frac Bode Verd

(to UK)

Fra Rio Grande

O

Ascension Island

Ascension

SOUTHERN OCEAN W e d d e l l

J

la

South San d

Is

Zapiola Seamount

East Scotia South Basin Sandwich

South Georgia (to UK)

Rio Grande Rise

ap

Ilha da Trindade (to Brazil)

Ilhas Martin Vaz (to Brazil)

B a s i n

Stocks Seamount Gröll Seamount

Columbia Seamount

Plain

Pernambuco

B r a z i l

Recife Pernambuco Seamounts

Vitória Seamount

S c o ti a S e a

Falkland Plateau

e

Maurice Ewing Bank

Zapiol

Ba si n

lkl and Escarpment

Arg

Santos Plateau

Rio de Janeiro

Vitória

Abrolhos Bank

in

Saint Peter and Zone ne Saint Paul Rocks acture re Zo r u F t c e h a c r (to Brazil) t.Paul F Roman e S Zon idge Parnaíba R ture c a r Atol das Rocas F Chain (to Brazil) Fernando de Noronha (to Brazil)

Pla

dge Sou ey Trough South Orkney kn land South Shetland t e Or Deep h Islands S Powell h Islands ut Basin

Yaghan Basin

ge

Fa

B u rd w o o d B an k

AT L A N TIC OCE

Speery Island

South West Point

0

ssa

Sugar Loaf Point

JAMESTOWN

Horse Pasture Point

0

tías

Falkland Islands (to UK)

Pa

Gulf of San Jorge

Gul f of S an Ma

rá

A r ge nt i ne

Santos

BRAZIL

Río Montevideo de la Pl at a

URUGUAY

Bahía Blanca

Buenos Aires

ke Dra

A

Paraná

10 Miles

E OC

Cea e Ridg lém Be

m Most of the whales in the Atlantic Ocean are found in the cooler waters of the south Atlantic, although many species migrate north to tropical waters to breed.

Paranaguá

The Peak South East Point 859m

Porpoise Point North East Bay

SAINT HELENA

Antarctic Circle

The South Sandwich Trench is the deepest part of the Atlantic; its base lies 30,000 ft (9144 m) below sea level. The trench is frequently subjected to earthquakes. Volcanic peaks may be exposed as islands

Sisters Peak 446m

North Point

A

ASCENSION ISLAND (to UK)

South East South West Bay Wideawake Bay Airfield Portland Point Pillar Bay Mars Bay South Point N

The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is marked along its length by numerous east–west valleys and ridges; these are caused by localized transform faulting. Some of these faults extend for 1250 miles (2000 km).

The overall salinity of the north Atlantic is increased by highly saline water flowing out from the Mediterranean through the Strait of Gibraltar.

L

IC NT

Clarence Bay

T

R ío N eg ro

m Volcanism in the Azores occurs because they lie over a hot spot in the oceanic crust. There are ten volcanoes clustered around the Azores. Many are still classified as active, although there has not been an eruption for over a century.

Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Ice breaking away from the Greenland ice sheet presents a constant threat to shipping in the north Atlantic. Icebergs are carried out of the Davis Strait by sea currents.

Ba Ha

North Cape Dolphin nd Falkland Foul Macbride Head Sound Saunders Island Bay Salvador nS oun d Settlement Port Salvador Roy Cove Settlement Port Howard Port San Carlos Passage Settlement San Carlos Settlement Berkeley Sound Isla King George Mount n d Mount Bay Adam land u n Usborne STANLEY New Island 700m nn 705m alk So F ha Bluff Cove C y Darwin a e r G Queen Swan Mount Pleasant F Weddell Goose Green Beaver Settlement Island Charlotte t Choiseu Fox Point Beaver Island Island Bay st l Sound as W e Fox Bay E East Adv Cape Orford Low ent Bay i v e Lively Island North Arm ur ly S Port Stephens Settlement Mount Alice eS oun oun d d Port Stephens 361m Speedwell Bleaker Island Island rb y Cape Meredith ou of rs George Island

NCarcass Island

T

n Is lan

Grand Jason

Ja s o

Icebergs in the Antarctic are larger than those in the Arctic and can be up to 50 miles (80 km) long. they can drift to latitudes of around 40°S before melting.

Floating ice shelves extend over 100 miles (160 km) into the Weddell Sea, off the coast of Antarctica.

Silt, mud and clay deposited at the delta of the Amazon have been carried over the continental shelf by underwater currents, forming a deep-water fan on the floor of the Atlantic Ocean.

The Caribbean Sea only adopted its present shape 3 million years ago, when the Isthmus of Panama closed by continental drift.

The Gulf Stream is driven by westerly winds and ocean circulation. It flows like a river of warm water along the coast of America and then across the north Atlantic where it becomes known as the North Atlantic Drift.

L

26

25

24

23

22

21

19

18

17

16

15

lk

A

Equator

The floor of the Atlantic is spreading by about one inch (2.5 cm) a year. The South American and African plates are moving apart drawing molten rock up from the Earth’s core. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge lies along the boundary of the two plates, forming the world’s longest mountain range and dividing the Atlantic floor into two parallel troughs. These troughs are subdivided into numerous smaller basins by transform faults. Most of the oceanic islands in the Atlantic are volcanic in origin; either part of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge or the Caribbean arc.

T

A

S

lk

AR

The landscape

el

el

Fa

NA TI GE N

eG

Rio Grand

14

p Kep

l MH a ou o r n b n d nta y in s

rench ch T wi

d

se

la n

Ri

E

as

N

s Or d ca

A

or ete se M Ri

So

l

a

o ng Co

e

g

d

i

R

c

i

t n

t d

i

o

M

e

Astri d

Salad

A

v

F

is

Ri dg e

Congo Orang

W O R L D O C E A N S : T H E AT L A N T I C O C E A N

a

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

Ea

tA

s

1

Azor Iberia es Basin n Hor s e zo sho res eS eam Fra c tu ou re Zo nt ne s

2

Mad eira

3

Ca n Ba ar y sin

Africa

Ca

pe V Pla erde in

îd

i

g

Ig

u

4

Can a Islan r y ds

(30,355,000 sq km). It has 54 separate countries, including Madagascar, Comoros, Mauritius

Ca Ve pe Isla rde nds Poi n Alm te des adi es

Most northerly point: Jalta, Tunisia 37° 31’ N

Lowest recorded temperature: Ifrane, Morocco -11°F (-24°C)

8

Most westerly point: Santo Antão, Cape Verde 25° 11’ W

Highest recorded temperature: Al ‘Aziziyah, Libya 136°F (58°C)

Cap Blanc, Tunisia (37° 20’ N)

Lowest point: Lac ‘Assal, Djibouti -512 ft (-156 m) below sea level

Tropic of Ca ncer

Most easterly point: Raas Xaafuun, Somalia 51° 24’ E

Gu ine aF rac tur eZ on e Sie rra Le on eF rac tur Sa eZ in one tP au lF ra ctu re Zo n

B ao

ul

é

Ni g

Si e r

ra Le on e Basin

e

Romanche Fracture

Pointe des Almadies, Senegal (17° 33’ W)

9

Ao ukâ r

er

6

7

Se

gal ne

and the Seychelles in the Indian Ocean – the highest number of any continent.

Ve sin rde

Cap Ver e Terrade ce

Er

pe C a Ba

The world’s second largest continent, Africa covers an area of 11,712,434 sq miles

5

Sa An nto tão

Zone

Raas Xaafuun, Somalia (51° 24’ E)

Monrovia

Equator

Equator

10

Lamu Largest lake: Lake Victoria, Uganda/Kenya/Tanzania 26,560 sq miles (68,880 sq km)

Ascension

Highest point: Kilimanjaro, Tanzania 19,341 ft (5895 m)

Asce ns Islan ion d

11

Greatest extent, North–South: 4737 miles / 7623 km

Tropic of Capricorn

Greatest extent, East–West: 4511 miles / 7260 km

12

Most southerly point: Cape Agulhas, South Africa 34° 52’ S

Cape Agulhas, South Africa (34° 52’ S)

13

Monrovia

Niger Delta

Tibesti Adamawa Highlands

Congo Basin

Lake Victoria (source of the Nile)

Great Rift Valley Lamu

14

Cross-section from Monrovia, Liberia to Lamu, Kenya 15

0 0

line of cross-section

500

1000

1500 Km 1000

500

1500 Miles

16

17

A

66

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

ál

í dg Ri

e

Ea

Ad

st S

h

a eb

ch ren a kT Socotr rta a -F ula l A

en

Lake Kariba

ain

Sabi

e

aputo

Na

Plateau

l V all ey

ta

D

Ch

Mozambiqu e

Cro

M

Edward F racture Zone

e

Zon

cture

Prince

Du To it Fra

Om

AFRICAN PLATE ANTARC TICA PLATE

Atlan

ward Prince Ed s Island

tic-I

ndian

Ridge

Pla in Ma scar ene

ar

sc

ga

r gasca Mada Basin

13

th

we

In st

di

an

Ri

dg

14

e

ure ract ed F om ne Ind Zo

Agulhas Basin

u So

e Zon ture Frac

Cap e Ri se

r y II

Cape Agulhas

Agulhas Plateau

Natal Basin

Discove

t Karoo

d e Grea

Cape B a sin

Gough Island

Tugela

ra ke ns b erg

Or ang e Riv er ak

Br

re e

Cape of Good Hope

l Vaa

anara

n

ascar Madag u Platea

le

Ol

Molopo

an e Kur um oot Gr asberg r D a r e Or e KO ge Riv an s e ran ge Fan r t

ib

an

12

or apric c of C Tropi

a Tanjon na e Vohim

nts ifa di co

Kalahari Desert

Doring

da Cu nha

Limpopo

ts

N

Noso p Auo b

B

Trista n

Ghanzi

Har

d

A

m

a

i

E

N

R

e

a l v i s

c ti

g

as om Kh hland c o H

W

n

C

ata ko

R i d g e

E E AT AT PL N

a tl

O

Lundi

Ntwetwe Pan

Okavango Delta Eiseb

Tsiribihina

M

ob Ch Kafue Flats

da

Pem ba Ch

Luenha

Sam

Ma

ge n

Lu

Ligo

M oza mb iqu eC han nel

Za mb ezi

Sh eb e

ll ey arang andu

pm en t

Muc hing a Es car

Mb

G

ge

Ran

ba

um

it

M Kabom po

Kil om

ey

R i f t Va ll

t rea

Ubangi

Co ng o

Gr ea t R ift Va

u Ka

on

me

Gong ola

es B Cu ban go

11

Comoro Basin

rio Lú

10

ch

na Tanjo mby o Boba

Comoro I sla nd s

a um Ruv

eT re n

nt

u

r

do

C

PL

CA RI

A

ME

AN

-

HA

R IC

va

da

abora Lake Css Ba a Za mbe zi

an

c ul

I

AF

UT

i d

SO

e ne Cun

Lake Nyasa

l

b ao

Cu

Ca

M

Saint Hel ena

e

8

9

Seychelles

AN E C O

a

Bié Plateau

Catumbela

toll ence A Provid

nh

T

B a s i n

li

Z

Cuanza

ll

o b er

y

A n g o l a

r

Lu a fir

N

la Luca

Lake Rukwa ka e a t R ift Lake Va Mweru yi

n

ua

ai

Lubilandji

Luv

l ne an

Pemba ibar an Zanz z ib ar C h an ne

G

Congo

ua

Kas

lu

Loge

n

Kwi

o ng Cua

a oF Cong

A

Congo Canyon

tor Equa

IAN D IN

jaro

Kiliman 5895m

in

li Soma Plain

ga Kirinya 5200m

Gombe

an g a eT

la Eli

L Chain Fracture Zone

Lukuga

Lu l

Grumeti

as li B

i ra

on go

Lake Kivu

L ak

e e Zon

Lake Victoria

Kagera

Soma

Am

i am om

di Ulin

Lake Edward

7

Ri

a

iko

en al é Da G wa

any Cherang Hills

Lake Albert

d e n O g a

Juba

Ma

L a sir Bu

T

C

s

São Tomé

Kibali

Ne o p ok

6

e

Horn of Africa

t’ he

ile

Congo Basin

é

Zadi

ri Itimbi imi Aruw

o Cong

ab é

ana Lake Turkdolf ) (Lake Ru Huri Hills

Lotagipi p Di din Swam ga Hi ll

Uele

e

A

K an gen

5

Raas un Xaafu

Fa fen S

o str Ge

Wh it

eN

b ay

C

W

eb end o M

Gíl o

Mu rra yR idg e 4

éda Ábuyé M00m 40

ian Ethiop ds n la h ig H

3

dg

Wa di Muqaddam

a

f lf o Gu

Lac ‘Assal

a Lake Tan

íbah Wah ds San

Wilsh aw

a

TE ah LA E ám N P AT Tih IA PL AB AN IC

a

ha d

A≠ rah

ian Arab Sea

Owen Fractu re Zon e

e ra ba

Tekezé

cer Can ic of Trop

of Gulf n Oma

lf

h

i As

S Barka

a

in

s

d

hlíth at Wádí T r

e

Ou

Gu

K

R

Va l’Az llée de aou agh

l

Yei

Lo

Cameroon Mountain 4070m

I

R

F

a aw s am n d Ad i g h l a H

Príncipe

Basin

A r

an

±áhi

nsul

Peni

Ga sh

Baro

S u d d

Kotto

A

go

B ang oran

Ogoou é

Fra c t u

rsi

2

s IR A N ARA IAN P BI A N P TE AT E

A AF R R

r

d sif Mas

D ong a a Al

Niger

Niger Delta Niger Fan Isla de Bioco

ne

hi Shebs ins nta Mou

a in

Ka ts

B a hr

go Lo

Ouémé

Jos Plateau

Gulf of Guinea Guinea

ari Ch

Black Volta

Lake Volta

Lake Chad

n u Ga dug ma Ko

a

ji de Ha

Lac de Kossou

l

B

Nile lue

e

Ni ge r

At

e Nile Whit

h

w

tain

an rabi

A

Ra

né Té

i Ho ad

Pe

1

eau

Mand

z

Nile

a

a dí Wá

ft Ouad i Haouach

ré

S

l Ji

rt ese

ou

de l’Aïr

s Mo un

Kár ún

hrates Eup

rr

I A S A

an rani Plat

d Nafú

N ub ia n D es er t

Tibesti

ilm eB gd r dE an Gr

ba

yyi

An

ser Lake Nas

t ser De

zr

et âss

ne

Massif

Suez Canal

D rn ste Ea

n ya ib

s fas Ta

Ta

aouâd

U al

W

Dea Sea

Sinai

Western Desert

A

L

Idhán Murzuq

Tënërë du Tafassâsset

Adrar des Ifôghas

Az

Fa Nile n

ra tta n Qa ressio p De

ea

R

Tigris

n Syria t r Dese d

a

al

a

I

Zagro

nt

ou

LA L

e

l ba Ja çar Al kh A al

A

Ou ed

Ahaggar

Z

b‘

S

M Elburz

Ru

n

Gulf of prus Antalya Cy

S nd

H

Tassilin-Ajjer

Y

Ar

a

Caspian Sea

Na hr a

rus s Tauntain u Mo

Sa

C

Aegean Sea Peloponnese

at

h

g

r

E

e

X

rmia Lake U

i a t o l A n a

L IC IAN AN P Sea of PL LAT Crete E AT He E lle Crete nic Tr o u g h

Gulf of Sirte

g Er nd l Gra rienta O

A c

Malta

uz Lake T

e Gr

Oued Saoura

e

Ionian Basin

n

Chott el Jerid

Plateau du Tademaït

h

a

a

an Lake V

ç

s

a s Atl ainSaharan t las t n l ou hA identa s M Grand Erg Occ Hig a l t A

S

r

W

Wádí al Kh i

rd

EURASIAN PLATE AFRICAN PLATE

Ionian Sea FR

Mount Etna Cap Blanc 3340m

V

Wádí Bísha h

d

e

M

S

e r Jalta

t

Me je

Strait of Gibraltar

i

Sicily

U

hábúr lK

a

evad ierra N

Gulf of Taranto

Tyrrhenian Sea

T

E

P

O

R

O AT AN A

Balearic Islands

S

í

Sardinia

U

R

Adriatic Sea

ád

Corsica

E

Iberian Peninsu la

Q

Jordan

P

Nile

O

Wadi el Mil k

N

15

t Croze s Island

16

u Platea Crozet

Ridge

17

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

67

AFRICA A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

Physical Africa

1

L

M

East Africa The Great Rift Valley is the most striking feature of this region, running for 4475 miles (7200 km) from Lake Nyasa to the Red Sea. North of Lake Nyasa it splits into two arms and encloses an interior plateau which contains Lake Victoria. A number of elongated lakes and volcanoes lie along the fault lines. To the west lies the Congo Basin, a vast, shallow depression, which rises to form an almost circular rim of highlands.

The structure of Africa was dramatically influenced by the break up of the supercontinent Gondwanaland about 160 million years ago and, more recently, rifting and hot spot activity. Today, much of Africa is remote from active plate boundaries and comprises a series of extensive plateaux and deep basins, which influence the drainage patterns of major rivers. The relief rises to the east, where volcanic uplands and vast lakes mark the Great Rift Valley. In the far north and south sedimentary rocks have been folded to form the Atlas Mountains and the Great Karoo.

3

K

Rift valley lakes, like Lake Tanganyika, lie along fault lines

Extensive faulting occurs as rift valley pulls apart

Lake Victoria

Northern Africa Northern Africa comprises a system of basins and plateaux. The Tibesti and Ahaggar are volcanic uplands, whose uplift has been matched by subsidence within large surrounding basins. Many of the basins have been infilled with sand and gravel, creating the vast Saharan lands. The Atlas Mountains in the north were formed by convergence of the African and Eurasian plates.

Km 0

400

200

0

6

of Sirte

rg dE l a n e nt a r G ri O

rë

O C E A N

Mi t

pop

A

M

m Li

Mauritius Réunion

D

I

o

er

Drak e

C F

N

i

ad ag as ca r

ez

bez

Orange River

200 Miles

E

zam b Ch an ique ne l

LA

NT

AT

W hit e V o lt a

t

U

y

Z am

Kalahar i D es e r t

rt

D

Comoro Islands

Kalahari Basin

Dese

C

Okavango Delta

mib

B

Seychelles

B

Pemba Island Zanzibar

Zamb i

200 Km 100

Kilimanjaro 5895m

Lake Nyasa

Na

A N O C E

A

0

100

Lake Turkana (Lake Rudolf)

Lake Tanganyika

Bié Plateau

C 0

B

I C

Drakensberg

C Cross-section through southern Africa showing the boundary of the Great Escarpment.

o

e li

C

g on

Lake Victoria

eb

Juba

Congo B a sin

A

16

17

Lake Albert

T

Uplift of the basement rock created a raised plateau

Ethiopian Highlands Sh

C ongo

N

Boundary of the Great Escarpment

bangi

en of Ad Gulf Horn of Africa

Lake Tana

Sudd

Cameroon Mountain 4070m

São Tomé

The Great Escarpment marks the southern boundary of Africa’s basement rock and includes the Drakensberg range. It was uplifted when Gondwanaland fragmented about 160 million years ago and it has gradually been eroded back from the coast. To the north, the relief drops steadily, forming the Kalahari Basin. In the far south are the fold mountains of the Great Karoo. Kalahari Basin, covered with the sandy plains of the Kalahari Desert

A

Niger Delta

s if a s go M B on s de

le G r e a t R i f t Va l

L

Southern Africa

15

wa ma ds da hlan A ig H

Gulf of Guinea

13

14

ue

Ben

Slave Coast Bight of Benin

I

Niger

Lake Volta

A T

S

12

Lake Chad

A

s

E AT PL TE A N PL IA AB AN C AR RI AF

a h e l

Gold Coa

a

y Coast Ivor

A

st

Nubian Desert

a

Se

Gr ain Co a

d

11

below sea level

le Ni

A

sea level

Blue

S

r

100m / 328ft

Nile

Massif de l'Aïr

Niger

Tibesti

line of cross-section

250m / 820ft

Re

a

t er es

h

l

r

Lake Nasser

D

Taoude nni B a sin

S e ne ga

ar

n

a

ag g

ya

Ah

500m / 1640ft

t ser De

h

a

ec

Nile Delta

ib

Ch rg

S

ge Ni

68

Qattara Depression W Gr ea D este tS es r n an ert dS e

Er

g

uîdi

E

Cape Verde Islands

10

rg dE G r a n e nt a l d i c Oc

L

9

M

as

Chott el Jerid

uncertain

rn ste Ea l e Ni

Ig

IC

8

l At

ains

Mo

O

CE

AN

t oun

AN P L AT E

500 Miles

conservative

1000m / 3281ft

White Nile

500 Km 250

destructive

2000m / 6562ft

i t AN PLA OLI TE AT e r AN P N L r a A A TE RIC n e a AF n S e a Gulf

në

250

0

constructive

4000m / 13,124ft

Të

0

7

E U R A S I A N P L AT E A F R I C A N P L AT E

100 Miles

(for explanation see page xiv)

3000m / 9843ft

M e d

50

g

Section across northern Africa showing infilled basins and uplifted plateaux.

50 100 Km

Plate margins

5000m / 16,405ft

800

600

projection: Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area

A

0

Elevation

800

400

200

Miles

A

600

0

Map key

Scale 1:36,000,000

Lake Chad lies in a sandfilled basin

a t R i f t Va l l e y

Volcanic Ahaggar mountains, formed by rising magma from a hot spot

Cross-section through eastern Africa showing the two arms of the Great Rift Valley and its interior plateau.

Gre

The Earth’s crust has been warped to form the Taoudenni Basin

B

ARABI

5

B

umb a R ang e

4

Ka Great roo Cape of Good Hope

ns

b

I C

J

K

N L

M

PHYSICAL AFR ICA

Algiers Q

R

S

Casablanca Marrakech

in Khams

The climates of Africa range from mediterranean to arid, dry savannah and humid equatorial. In East Africa, where snow settles at the summit of volcanoes such as Kilimanjaro, climate is also modified by altitude. The winds of the Sahara export millions of tonnes of dust a year both northwards and eastwards.

Z

Cairo

i Ghibl

Climate Tropic of Cance r

1 Tropic of Cancer

Tamanrasset

Ouagadougou

Niamey

Djibouti oo

b Ha Wau

Lagos

July Wi nd s

Temperature

ds

b

m

r Ha

Conakry Abidjan

Bata

3

Mogadishu

Kisangani

Libreville

July Wi nd s

Equator

b Ha

Bangui

Douala

Equator

Tropic of Cancer 20° N

2

Khartoum

Abéché

b

Bamako

a

oo

m Har

n t ta tan

Dakar

Port Sudan

Bilma

Nouakchott

Jul yW in

m Savannah grasslands run in a belt across Africa; limited rainfall inhibits tree growth.

Y

at

P

Sirocco

O

Sirocco

N

Equator

Nairobi Mombassa

Kinshasa

4

Dar es Salaam Luanda

Temperature 20° S Tropic of Capricorn

Pemba

0 to 10°C (32 to 50°F) 10 to 20°C (50 to 68°F) 20 to 30°C (68 to 86°F) above 30°C (86°F)

Average January temperature

Lusaka 5

Harare

Antananarivo

Average July temperature Windhoek

Tropic of Capricorn

Rainfall

Tropic of Capricorn

Pretoria

Tropic of Cancer 20° N

Maputo 6

Durban

Climate Cape Town

arid humid equatorial mediterranean semi-arid tropical warm humid

Equator

Rainfall

m The hot, equatorial basin of the Congo river receives over 48 inches (1200 mm) of rainfall per year.

20° S Tropic of Capricorn

0–25 mm (0–1 in) 25–50 mm (1–2 in) 50–100 mm (2–4 in) 100–200 mm (4–8 in)

Average January rainfall

200–300 mm (8–12 in) 300–400 mm (12–16 in) 400–500 mm (16–20 in) more than 500 mm (20 in)

7

daily hours of sunshine, January daily hours of sunshine, July

Average July rainfall

cold wind

Shaping the continent

8

hot wind

African landscapes are shaped by the intensity of climatic extremes and by tectonic action. High aridity, wind action and infrequent but heavy rainstorms, lead to the migration of sand dunes and dramatic flash flooding across much of the north and west. In the wetter areas, high precipitation increases the rate of weathering. To the east, the rift system has created a volcanic and lake environment and allowed rivers to erode weaknesses left in the crustal structure by faults.

Groundwater 1 Oases are found in desert areas such as the Sahara (left). Groundwater migrates through permeable rock strata, confined between two impermeable layers. Oases form either when the permeable rocks come near to the surface, or at a fault line, when water is able to seep up to the surface through the crushed rocks at the fault.

External stresses act on the surface of the inselberg

Exfoliated layers

Joints or cracks caused by expansion and contraction

The evolving landscape

Rainwater feeds the aquifer

Water migrates up through fault

9

Aquifer exposed near the surface

Groundwater trapped between impermeable strata

Weathering: Formation of an inselberg

Groundwater: Replenishment of an oasis

10

River systems 2 The Zambezi river (above) drops 360 ft (110 m) over the Victoria Falls into a zig-zag gorge. The river has eroded the gorge along lines of weakness in the bedrock, created by fault lines running in two directions.

11

1

Weathering

Old site of Victoria Falls

6 Inselbergs (above), found extensively across West Africa, are exposed remnants of an extensive upland area. Erosion of the surrounding uplands leaves a resistant rock outcrop. Its spheroidal shape is the result of ‘onion-skin’ weathering – the exfoliating of layers – due to repeated expansion and contraction.

River plunges over falls

5

12

Fault and joint lines running in two directions Zig-zag gorge of the Zambezi

6

River systems: Retreating of the Victoria Falls

13

Landscape Sand is gradually blown up the back slope

Ephemeral channels 5 Wadis (above) drain much of northern Africa. These drybed courses are flooded only after infrequent, but intense, storms in the uplands cause water to surge along their channels.

Wind erosion: Migration of a dune

2

4 Dunes like this in the Namib Desert (left) are wind-blown accumulations of sand, which slowly migrate. Wind action moves sand up the shallow back slope; when the sand reaches the crest of the dune it is deposited on the slip face.

Ephemeral channels: Flash flooding of a wadi

P

Build up of sand produces strata inside the dune

15

Wind erosion

Water collects and floods the dry channel

O

14

escarpment ocean current rift active volcano inselberg oasis river wadi waterfall

4

Heavy rainfall runs off mountains

N

sinking land stable land uplifting land

Deposition on the slip face

Q

R

S

T

Force of waves concentrates on the headland

3

Coastal processes

Wave energy Waves dispersed in the bay refracting

3 Houtbaai (above), in southern Africa, is constantly being modified by wave action. As waves approach the indented coastline, they reach the shallow water of the headland, slowing down and reducing in length. This causes them to bend or refract, concentrating their erosive force at the headlands.

The sea bed is deeper opposite the bay than at the headland

Coastal processes: Erosion of a bay

U

V

W

X

Y

16

17

Z

69

AFRICA A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

Political Africa

1

Madeira

(to Portugal)

Casablanca Safi Marrakech

MOROCCO

The political map of modern Africa only emerged following the end of the Second World War. Over the next half-century, all of the countries formerly controlled by European powers gained independence from their colonial rulers – only Liberia and Ethiopia were never colonized. The post-colonial era has not been an easy period for many countries, but there have been moves towards multi-party democracy across much of the continent. In South Africa, democratic elections replaced the internationally-condemned apartheid system only in 1994. Other countries have still to find political stability; corruption in government and ethnic tensions are serious problems. National infrastructures, based on the colonial transport systems built to exploit Africa’s resources, are often inappropriate for independent economic development.

3

LAÂYOUNE

Western Sahara

I

C

G

E

R A

S

A

RI

U

YORU BA

O

EV

E

D

IB

O

IN

AMHARA

GALLA

KA

I

G

AKAN

TIGRAI

KA

A

IN

M

D

O

N

H A U S A

N

A

SI

T E DA

L

U

AZANDE

MAURITANIA

CAPE VERDE

NOUAKCHOTT S e n e gal

SENEGAL

PRAIA

DAKAR

S

Kaolack BANJUL

GAMBIA

BISSAU

GUINEA

CONAKRY

Koidu

FREETOWN

LIBERIA

Of ficial African languages

I

SA

T

U

S WA H I L

N

N

MA

SA

GA

SY

French English Arabic Portuguese Swahili Amharic Spanish French/English French/Arabic French/Malagasy English/Swahili Arabic/Somali

LA

Language groups KHO

I

AF

9

R

IK

AA

m Islamic influences are evident throughout North Africa. The Great Mosque at Kairouan, Tunisia, is Africa’s holiest Islamic place.

NS

Transport

10

Ceuta (to Spain) Algiers Tanger Rabat Oran Casablanca

African railways were built to aid the exploitation of natural resources, and most offer passage only from the interior to the coastal cities, leaving large parts of the continent untouched – five land-locked countries have no railways at all. The Congo, Nile and Niger river networks offer limited access to land within the continental interior, but have a number of waterfalls and cataracts which prevent navigation from the sea. Many roads were developed in the 1960s and 1970s, but economic difficulties are making the maintenance and expansion of the networks difficult.

11

12

Transport Tripoli

Alexandria Cairo

major roads and motorways major railways major canal international borders transport intersections international airports major ports

Port Said Suez Canal Suez

Aswân

Tamanrasset

Nouâdhibou

m In northeastern Nigeria, people speak Kanuri – a dialect of the Nilo-Saharan language group.

Tunis

Skikda

Agadir

Wadi Halfa

Port Sudan

Nouakchott Agadez

Dakar

 South Africa has the largest concentration of railways in Africa. Over 20,000 miles (32,000 km) of routes have been built since 1870.

13

COA

I

A

8

Afro-Asiatic (Hamito-Semitic) Niger-Congo Nilo-Saharan Khoisan Indo-European Austronesian

YAMOUSSOUKRO

MONROVIA

A

B

I VO

SIERRA LEONE

O

M

7

er Nig

BAMAKO

GUINEABISSAU

M

T

F U L A N I

J A

M

B E

R A B I C

B

A

R

A

(Occupied by Morocco)

Tropic of Can cer

Three major world languages act as lingua francas across the African continent: Arabic in North Africa; English in southern and eastern Africa and Nigeria; and French in Central and West Africa, and in Madagascar. A huge number of African languages are spoken as well – over 2000 have been recorded, with more than 400 in Nigeria alone – reflecting the continuing importance of traditional cultures and values. In the north of the continent, the extensive use of Arabic reflects Middle Eastern influences while Bantu languages are widely spoken across much of southern Africa.

ER

Agadir

Canary Islands (to Spain)

Languages

4 B BER

PORTUGAL

L

Banjul

Bamako Bissau

Ouagadougou

Massawa

Niamey Kano Maiduguri

Khartoum Assab

Nyala

N’Djaména

Conakry

Addis Ababa

Freetown Monrovia

Djibouti

Cotonou Accra Lomé

Abidjan

Lagos Warri Douala Malabo

Bangui Yaoundé

Libreville

14

Mogadishu

Kampala

Kisangani

Nairobi

Port-Gentil Bukavu Brazzaville Kinshasa Pointe-Noire Kananga

Matadi 15

Mombasa Kalemie

Dodoma

Lubumbashi

Lobito Namibe 16

Tsumeb

Walvis Bay

Harare Antananarivo

Bulawayo

Toamasina

Beira

Windhoek Pretoria

 The Congo river, though not suitable for river transport along its entire length, forms a vital link for people and goods in its navigable inland reaches.

17

Nampula

Lusaka Livingstone

m Traditional means of transport, such as the camel, are still widely used across the less accessible parts of Africa.

Dar es Salaam

Mbeya

Luanda

Keetmanshoop

Maputo

Johannesburg

Durban A

70

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

Cape Town

L

Port Elizabeth

M

POLITICAL AFRICA

I TA LY V

ALGIERS Tizi Ouzou Annaba Bizerte r Chlef Blida Béjaïa (to Spain) TUNIS Oran r M ALTA Constantine Tetouan Melilla Sétif a Sidi Bel Abbès RABAT (to Spain) Batna Sfax Kairouan n Fès Oujda Tlemcen s n i a Meknès n t Gabès TRIPOLI Khouribga o u Tanger Ceuta

Crete

I

B

Y

D Tropic of Cancer

I

A

B

Port Sudan

Nile

S U

E R C H A D

H

Lake Tanganyika

Huambo

10

Lake Nyasa

LILONGWE Zambe

LUSAKA

z

Blantyre

i

zi

HARARE

A M I B I A

Na

ZIMBABWE Bulawayo

mib

BOTSWANA

B

Beira

Mahalapye

o

Dese

WINDHOEK

Lim p

Kalahari

M

op

Desert

COMOROS MORONI Mayotte (to France)

Nacala l Mahajanga Nampula

GABORONE

e

S OU T H LESOTHOb AF RIC A e n s

CAPE TOWN

Bellville

D r a k

12

MAURITIUS

Réunion

Fianarantsoa

(to France)

PORT LOUIS

Tropic of Capricorn

13

N

g

rt

PRETORIA Johannesburg MAPUTO Soweto MBABANE SWAZILAND Welkom Or a n g e R i v e r Kimberley MASERU BLOEMFONTEIN Pietermaritzburg

Toamasina ANTANANARIVO

11

A

Africa has a rapidly-growing population of over 900 million N people, yet over 75% of the continent remains sparsely populated. Most Africans still pursue a traditional rural lifestyle, though urbanization is Tropic of Capricorn increasing as people move to the cities in search of employment. The greatest population densities occur where water is more readily available, such as in the Nile Valley, the coasts of North and West Africa, along the Niger, the eastern African highlands, and in South Africa.

9

SEYCHELLES

r

Namibe

8

VICTORIA

Zanzibar Dar es Salaam

MALAWI

Z A M B Kabwe I A

Lubango

DODOMA

Likasi Lubumbashi Chingola Mufulira Ndola Kitwe Luanshya

A N G O L A

Mombasa Tanga

TA N Z A N I A

Kolwezi

Z a mb e

N E A O C

Population

BURUNDI

G

LUANDA

NAIROBI

A

ley

Kalemie Mbuji-Mayi

Equator

Kismaayo

Mwanza

BUJUMBURA

t rea

I C

Kananga

7

MOGADISHU

AG

Lu a

Marka

MAD

Ilebo

a lab

T

ANGOLA (Cabinda)

KINSHASA Kikwit Matadi

6

O

S

e

N

C

A

BRAZZAVILLE

Bukavu

5

Kisumu

Lake Victoria

RWANDA KIGALI

e li

n

DE M . RE P. C ONG O

en

Horn of Africa

K E N YA

Va l l e y

GABON

Kisangani

UGANDA

KAMPALA

Rift

Port-Gentil

LIBREVILLE

Congo Mbandaka Basin

4

SOMALILAND Hargeysa

Lake Turkana (Lake Rudolf)

Lake Albert

C ongo

Va l

L

(not internationally recognised)

JUBA

Rift

T

NG O

Equator

CAMEROON

O

A

GUINEA SAO TOME & PRINCIPE SÃO TOMÉ

Ethiopian

eb

Elemi Triangle

3

N

d of A f l Gu

E T H I O P ISh A

SOUTH SUDAN

ST

E

DJIBOUTI

Highlands Sudd

Country capital

at

hite Volta

W

RY

10,000 to 50,000

500,000 to 1 million

DJIBOUTI

ADDIS ABABA Diré Dawa

Sarh Parakou Niger ABUJA Garoua Shaki ue Ogbomosho n e Moundou B Oyo Oshogbo GHANA Abeokuta a w a Ibadan a ml a n d s Enugu PORTO-NOVO CENTRAL AFRICAN d h Cotonou Kumasi A i g Onitsha Lagos REPUBLIC LOMÉ Bafoussam Aba ACCRA Calabar Abidjan Port Harcourt BANGUI Douala U b ang i YAOUNDÉ EQUATORIAL MALABO Lake Volta

Lake Tana

Maroua

N I G E R I A

TO GO

Tamale

Kaduna

ile eN

Natitingou

N’DJAMÉNA

50,000 to 100,000

Y E M

B lu

BENIN

Katsina Kano Zaria Maiduguri Jos

El Obeid

2

1 million to 5 million

ERITREA

Wad Medani

ile it e N

Bobo-Dioulasso

KHARTOUM

Lake Chad

N

Khartoum North Kassala ASMARA

Wh

Gusau

Zinder

1000

above 5 million

I A

an

r

N A NIAMEY Maradi R K IO U Sokoto B FA S OUAGADOUGOU

D A Omdurman

900

full international border disputed de facto border ceasefire line

Ch

I G

UE

ge Ni

N

Mozam biq ue

I

IQ

L

800

Gre

A

MO Z A

M

700

600

Borders

R

(Hala’ib Triangle)

Nubian Desert

500

100,000 to 500,000

A

a

a

400

Population

Se

Lake Nasser

r

300

200

Map key

d

a Tib e s t i

100

projection: Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area

Re

Nile

r

h

E G Y P T Aswan

rt se De

gga

El Minya Asyut Qena Sohag Luxor

A

Miles

U

L

0

C E A N

Tanta

1

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000

O

Benghazi

h hec

a

ISRAEL Port Said Ismailia JORDAN CAIRO Beni Suef

Giza Faiyum

I A

Aha

a

e

Alexandria

g

R

0

L I A

tal

en ri

S

Km

A

E

Gra

Er nd

Z

Scale 1:27,500,000

LEBANON

n

S

L G

Erg C

Gulf of Sir te

a

an by Li

A

Misrátah

Y

A

e

O

A

a s l t

X

GREECE

TUNISIA

M

W

R

e

M

t

A

i

d

e

M

SC

S PA I N

I

East London

N

D

I

14

Port Elizabeth

Cape of Good Hope

15

Population density

16

(people per sq km)

below 49 50–99 100–149 150–199 200–299 above 300

N

O

R

 A thin layer of smog blankets the dusty streets of Cairo, Africa’s most populous city and home to over 15 million people. In the 1990s Cairo grew at a rate of about 1500 people per day.

S

T

m Thriving street markets in Gambia’s capital, Banjul, trade a variety of locallygrown produce. Africa’s population is still predominantly rural-based.

U

V

W

X

Y

17

Z

71

AFRICA A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

African resources

1

J

K

L

M

Standard of living Since the 1960s most countries in Africa have seen significant improvements in life expectancy, healthcare and education. However, 28 of the 30 most deprived countries in the world are African, and the continent as a whole lies well behind the rest of the world in terms of meeting many basic human needs.

The economies of most African countries are dominated by subsistence and cash crop agriculture, with limited industrialization. Manufacturing industry is largely confined to South Africa. Many countries depend on a single resource, such as copper or gold, or a cash crop, such as coffee, for export income, which can leave them vulnerable to fluctuations in world commodity prices. In order to diversify their economies and develop a wider industrial base, investment from overseas is being actively sought by many African governments.

3

I

Standard of living (UN human development index)

high

Industry Many African industries concentrate on the extraction and processing of raw materials. These include the oil industry, food processing, mining and textile production. South Africa accounts for over half of the continent’s industrial output with much of the remainder coming from the countries along the northern coast. Over 60% of Africa’s workforce is employed in agriculture.

Oran Rabat

Casablanca Safi

M

R

O

O

C

CYPRUS LEBANON

S e a

Tripoli

Benghazi

Port Said

Cairo

Y A

E G Y P T

D

B

U

I

A

L

cc

W

I G

E

R

ERITREA

NIGERIA

Sekondi-Takoradi

N

Gulf of Guinea

T

GABON Brazzaville

Pointe-Noire

UGANDA

Kisangani

Kinshasa

Nairobi

RWANDA

Bukavu

Dodoma

C E A

MALAWI

Lubumbashi

N

Lobito

ANGOLA

Mayotte (to France)

16 Johannesburg

 The Rössing uranium mines in Namibia are one of the largest in the world. Canada and Australia produce over half the world’s uranium ore, used to fuel nuclear power plants. Elsewhere, South Africa and Niger also mine uranium on a large scale. D

E

Pretoria

Maputo

SWAZILAND Kimberley

S OUTH AFR IC A Cape Town

Port Elizabeth

LESOTHO Durban

East London

I

A

A

R

ne

SC Antananarivo

C

DA

MAURITIUS Réunion

O

B OTS WA NA

E

Beira

MOZ

Walvis Bay

Windhoek

B

U

MA

Kwekwe

IQ

GA

Harare

an

Blantyre

Ch

Lusaka

l

ZAMBIA

NA M I B I A

72

COMOROS

Ndola

Bulawayo

C

S E YC H E L L E S

TA N Z A N I A

Luanda

ZI MBA BWE

B

Zanzibar Dar es Salaam

15

A

Mombasa

BURUNDI

Kananga

 Exotic rugs and brightlycoloured textiles are sold in a street market along the banks of the river Nile in Luxor, Egypt.

17

Mogadishu

K E N YA

Kampala

DEM. REP. CONGO

O

 The discovery of oil in the swampy Niger Delta during the 1960s made Nigeria one of Africa’s richer nations. As world oil prices fell in the 1980s,the Nigerian economy faltered.

14

Libreville

Port-Gentil

IC

O

S

EQUATORIAL GUINEA SAO TOME & PRINCIPE

A

Bangui

Douala

N

L

CAMEROON

Port Harcourt

(not internationally recognised)

ETHIOPIA

M

13

T

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

O

A

SOUTH S U DA N

Ibadan Lagos

Accra

Abidjan

SOMALILAND Addis Ababa

A

A

DJIBOUTI

n Ade

A

COAST Kumasi

f of Gul

M

GHANA

RI

YEM EN

Kaduna

C

SIERRA LEONE L Monrovia I B E

Asmara

S U D A N

O

IVORY

TO G O

Freetown

D

I A

BENIN

Conakry

A

Kano

NG

GUINEA

Katsina

H

Khartoum

L

BURKINA FASO

IA

N

industrial cities major industrial areas

B

I

A

L

a Se

Bamako

12

R

A

C

GAMBIA

11

coal oil gas

A

Port Sudan

SENEGAL

GUINEABISSAU

mining palm oil processing peanut processing pharmaceuticals rice milling shipbuilding sugar processing tea processing textiles timber processing tobacco processing

I

ed

Banjul

R

Aswan

M Dakar

brewing car/vehicle manufacture cement chemicals coffee processing electronics engineering finance fish processing food processing iron & steel

ISRAEL

Alexandria

MAURITANIA

CAPE VERDE

SYRIA

S

(o e s cc t up e ied r n by S M a or h o

C

TUNISIA

O

Industry

e a n

A L G E R I A

a a r o)

8

ITALY M e d i t e r r Annaba a Tunis n

Algiers

below 499 500–999 1000–1999 2000–2999 3000–3999 above 4000

7

SPAI N

PORTUGAL

E

GNI per capita (US $)

que

6

 The unspoilt natural splendour of wildlife reserves, like the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania, attract tourists to Africa from around the globe. The tourist industry in Kenya and Tanzania is particularly well developed, where it accounts for almost 10% of GNI.

mbi

5

low

(to France)

Moza

4

N

D J

I

A

N

K

L

M

AFRICAN RESOURCES N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

Environmental issues

W

Y

Z

ne

1

Africa’s ancient plateaux contain some of the world’s most substantial reserves of precious stones and metals. About 15% of the world’s gold is mined in South Africa; Zambia has great copper deposits; and diamonds are mined in Botswana, Dem. Rep. Congo and South Africa. Oil has brought great economic benefits to Algeria, Libya and Nigeria.

Environmental issues national parks tropical forest forest destroyed desert

Mineral resources oil field gas field coal field bauxite copper diamonds gold iron phosphates tin uranium

desertification polluted rivers radioactive contamination marine pollution

ra

X

Mineral resources

One of Africa’s most serious environmental problems occurs in marginal areas such as the Sahel where scrub and forest clearance, often for cooking fuel, combined with overgrazing, are causing desertification. Game reserves in southern and eastern Africa have helped to preserve many endangered animals, although the needs of growing populations have led to conflict over land use, and poaching is a serious problem. Medit er

V

Med

it

er

heavy marine pollution an Sea

ra

2

nean Sea

3

poor urban air quality Cairo d

a

4

S

r

e

a

e

h

R

a

R

le Ni

S

e

d

a

S

e a

Gu

T

ngo Co

N

T

I

C O

C

aba Lual

I

A

A N C E

C

N

Mo zam biq u

eC ha nn e

l

O

A

I D

I

N

I

7

D

A N C E

E

O Zambez i

6

I

N

Congo

Gulf of Guinea

N

A

a ag San

Gulf of Guinea

L

A

L

5

T

Juba

T

Sh e

li be

A

fA lf o

A

W h i t e Nile

Nig er

Lagos

Accra

Gu

O C E A N

l

N

e

fA lf o

A

h

Mo zam biq ue Ch an ne l

a

Nile ue Bl

S

er Nig

den

den

N

m North and West Africa have large deposits of white phosphate minerals, which are used in making fertilizers. Morocco, Senegal, and Tunisia are among the continent’s leading producers.

M e d i t e r r a

8

9

Algiers

m The Sahel’s delicate natural equilibrium is easily destroyed by the clearing of vegetation, drought and overgrazing. This causes the Sahara to advance south, engulfing the savannah grasslands.

n

Casablanca

e a n

S e a Alexandria

10

Cairo

Lib le Ni

yan

r

a

11

Nile

a Se

a

ed

h

sert

a

R

De

S

m Workers on a tea plantation gather one of Africa’s most important cash crops, providing a valuable source of income. Coffee, rubber, bananas, cotton and cocoa are also widely grown as cash crops.

Niger

Dakar

S

a

h

e

l

f of Gul

n Ade

12

Addis Ababa Lake Volta

Congo

Congo B a sin

T

Johannesburg

el

nn amb

Pretoria Maputo

Moz

Kalahari Desert

I N S

Cape Town

cattle goats cereals sheep bananas corn (maize) citrus fruits cocoa cotton coffee dates fishing fruit oil palms olives peanuts rice rubber shellfish sugar cane tea tobacco vineyards wheat

iqu

e C ha

i

R

esert b D

Q

mi

P

Zambez

Na

O

Luanda

Lake Nyasa

D

14

major conurbations

Mombasa

ezi Zamb

E A N O C

Some of Africa’s most productive agricultural land is found in the eastern volcanic uplands, where fertile soils support a wide range of valuable export crops including vegetables, tea and coffee. The most widelygrown grain is corn and peanuts (groundnuts) are particularly important in West Africa. Without intensive irrigation, cultivation is not possible in desert regions and unreliable rainfall in other areas limits crop production. Pastoral herding is most commonly found in these marginal lands. Substantial local fishing industries are found along coasts and in vast lakes such as Lake Nyasa and Lake Victoria. N

Nairobi

Lake Victoria

Kinshasa

C

Using the land and sea

cropland desert forest pasture wetland

Mogadishu

I

 Surrounded by desert, the fertile flood plains of the Nile Valley and Delta have been extensively irrigated, farmed, and settled since 3000 BC.

N

13

Using the land and sea

Gulf of Guinea

O C E A N

AT L A

Lagos

N

Accra

Abidjan

I

A

X

Y

15

16

17

Z

73

AFRICA A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

North Africa

The landscape The Atlas Mountains, which extend across much of Morocco, northern Algeria and Tunisia, are part of the fold mountain system which also runs through much of southern Europe. They recede to the south and east, becoming a steppe landscape before meeting the Sahara desert which covers more than 90% of the region. The sediments of the Sahara overlie an ancient plateau of crystalline rock, some of which is more than four billion years old.

A L G E R I A , E G Y P T , L I B YA , M O R O C C O , T U N I S I A , W E S T E R N S A H A R A Fringed by the Mediterranean along the northern coast and by the arid Sahara in the south, North Africa reflects the influence of many invaders, both European and, most importantly, Arab, giving the region an almost universal Islamic flavour and a common Arabic language. The countries lying to the west of Egypt are often referred to as the Maghreb, an Arabic term for ‘west’. Today, Morocco and Tunisia exploit their culture and landscape for tourism, while rich oil and gas deposits aid development in Libya and Algeria, despite political turmoil. Egypt, with its fertile, Nile-watered agricultural land and varied industrial base, is the most populous nation.

3

m These rock piles in Algeria’s Ahaggar mountains are the result of weathering caused by extremes of temperature. Great cracks or joints appear in the rocks, which are then worn and smoothed by the wind.

Map key Elevation

Population

4000m / 13,124ft

1 million to 5 million 500,000 to 1 million

Km

0 25 50

3000m / 9843ft

100,000 to 500,000

0

2000m / 6562ft

50,000 to 100,000

104

Scale 1:11,000,000

above 5 million

150

100

25

50

Miles

250

200

St

300 200

150

100

120

SPAIN ra i

t of

Gib r

ALGER

Ceuta

Boukhalef

(to Spain)

(to UK)

Asila Larache h K Moulay- sar-el-Kebir Bousselha Souk-el-A m rba-Rharb

s

a

ya

M

E

a s At l

N

l

ta

en

ri on ts

T I

O

MEDITE

TUNISIA

TRIPOLI

IC

RA A H A

.S U

R

IA

Sabhá

M

A

L

E

I

F

hagga

E

r

I

G

IS

RRANEAN SEA Alexandria

T N

LA AT

W

A

-A

N

pasture cropland forest desert

ALGERIA N

-n

TUNIS

N

D

et

capital cities major towns

CAIRO

JORDAN SA

LAÂYOUNE

M

C

Ta

i ss

ta li

I-n-Guezzam

IG

ER

G

L I B YA

EGYPT Aswân

CH

U

D

S U DA N

AD

H

I

J

A

B

Tamanrasset

I

olives vineyards

Benghazi

A IT

Djanet

gar ss a s s

Land use and agricultural distribution

MORO CCO

ag

Hr

Ajje

r

L

BI

2,215,020 sq miles (5,738,394 sq km)

Ah

-n-

ar

a Taf

76

ili

Ta m a n ra s s e t

A

Total land area

Silet

ss

r Ad

At a k o

A

goats sheep cereals citrus fruits cork cotton dates fishing

100

Tahat 2918m

f t

Illizi

O u ed

u

A

Population density

90

M

SE

80

O Arak

Ta

R

70

A

Sebkha Azzel Matti

A

60

S

h

ED

50

Bordj Omar Driss

I

40

g

h

A

g

C

R

30

65 people per sq mile (25 people per sq km)

A

74

20

Djanet

Hassi Bel Guebbour

Sebkha Meker rhane

ec

EL

17

10

A

RA

0

G

I

o

 The Grand Erg Occidental is one of Algeria’s great Saharan sand seas. Wind force and direction determines the nature of landforms such as the linear or seif dunes in the foreground.

rural 50%

R

nd

Reggane

M

The urban/rural population divide urban 50%

E

ra

I-n-Salah

Er

C

Bourdj Messaouda Ghadámis

Er

Tiguentourine

Sheltered valleys in the Atlas Mountains, the Nile Valley and Delta, and the Mediterranean coast are the main sources of good farming land. A wide variety of valuable crops including cereals, rice and cotton, and woods such as cedar and cork, are grown. Typical Mediterranean crops such as olives, figs, dates and citrus fruits also thrive in these areas. The Nile Valley S PA I N is particularly fertile, and most of Egypt’s population lives ALGIERS Constantine close to the river. Elsewhere, irrigation is essential to Oran RABAT N A Casablanca improve crop yields on the desert margins. E

16

G

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Using the land and sea

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below 10,000

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Cap Bizerte Bougaroun Cap de Fer Menzel Bourguiba

(ALGIERS)

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alt ar

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300

250

projection: Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area

10,000 to 50,000

9

M

Mo uy

1

L

m Many North African nomads, such as the Bedouin, maintain a traditional pastoral lifestyle on the desert fringes, moving their herds of sheep, goats and camels from place to place – crossing country borders in order to find sufficient grazing land. K

L

M

AFRICA: NORTH AFRICA N

O

P

Q

R

S

 The Atlas Mountains run from Morocco to Tunisia, covering more than 1200 miles (1931 km). The northern Tell Atlas (Atlas Tellien) are well watered, with forested slopes; the drier southern High Atlas (Haut Atlas) (left) have the highest peaks, such as Jbel Toubkal, 13,665 ft (4165 m) high.

T

U

V

W

The spectacular sand seas of the Grand Ergs Occidental and Oriental in Algeria are only one of the varied landscapes of the Sahara. Hammadas, boulder-strewn rock plateaux, and reg, or desert pavements, plains strewn with gravel and small pebbles, are other important landforms.

X

Despite its outward aridity, the Sahara has several underground aquifers. Libya has built an underground pipeline, the Great Manmade River Project, to enable fuller exploitation of this valuable resource.

The Chott el Jerid is an enormous salt lake which lies to the south of Tunisia’s low steppe landscape, marking the northern boundary of the desert.

The Tell Atlas (Atlas Tellien) are a range of recent, folded mountains. They are still being formed, and the region’s frequent earth tremors reflect this.

Y

Split from the rest of Egypt by the Suez Canal, the Sinai Peninsula is partially desert, dissected by countless wadis.

Nile Delta

1

2

Lake Nasser is a huge artificial lake, created by the damming of the Nile. It is now silting up because of evaporation, severely affecting the flow of water and sediment to the sea.

Western Sahara has huge reserves of commerciallyvaluable phosphates in its otherwise inhospitable desert landscape.

3

4

Nile Delta

Go

lf e

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Fertile deposits of alluvium

Cap Bon

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133,650 miles (215,113 km)

785 miles (1263 km)

7790 miles (12,538 km)

2175 miles (3500 km)

16

Tourism and the oil industry have made improvements to the Maghreb’s infrastructure both necessary and possible. The Suez Canal is a vital artery for shipping between Europe and Asia.

S U DA N

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capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

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13

I

O

M

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ED

N

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12

 Oil rigs are scattered throughout the deserts of Libya and Algeria. Libyan oil is especially prized because of its low sulphur content, which means it produces much less pollution than other fuel oils.

R

engineering food processing gas iron & steel iron ore oil phosphates

RABAT Casablanca

LAÂYOUNE

C

80

78

RA

Major industry and infrastructure

D

S PA I N Tanger

11

 Built as great tombs for the pharaohs of ancient Egypt, the magnificent pyramids at El Giza near Cairo have fascinated scholars, archaeologists and tourists for centuries.

EL

The economies of Algeria and Libya were transformed by the discovery of oil and natural gas reserves in the deserts. Morocco’s major exports are phosphates and agricultural produce, and as in Egypt and Tunisia, the tourist industry is essential to the economy. Egypt has the most varied industrial base, importing technology to develop electronics and engineering industries, and maintaining the reputation of its high-quality N EA C cotton textiles. O

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Île de Jerba Médenine

Idh

The Sahara is the largest hot desert on Earth, covering nearly a third of Africa. The sandy parts of the desert contain a wide variety of sand dunes, created by differing wind directions and strengths.

m In its northernmost reaches, the river Nile has deposited huge quantities of silt and alluvium to form the fan-shaped Nile Delta. The Nile splits into two main channels at the base of the delta which are interlinked by a dense network of canals and drainage channels.

Kairouan Sousse

 Almost all of Egypt’s people – more than 99% – live close to the river Nile, or on its massive delta. The river waters the only strip of fertile land in Egypt.

Ahaggar

River Nile

Nabeul

Zaghouan Golfe de Hammamet

Gabès

Nile Valley, Aswan

Network of drainage channels

Gulf of Aqaba

Mediterranean Sea uni de T s

W

X

Y

17

Z

75

AFRICA A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

West Africa

1

L

M

 The dry scrub of the Sahel is only suitable for grazing herd animals like these cattle in Mali.

B E N I N , B U R K I N A FA S O, C A P E V E R D E , G A M B I A , G H A N A , G U I N E A , G U I N E A- B I S S AU , I VO RY COA S T, L I B E R I A , M A L I , M AU R I TA N I A , N I G E R , N I G E R I A , S E N E G A L , S I E R R A L E O N E , TO G O West Africa is an immensely diverse region, encompassing the desert landscapes and mainly Muslim populations of the southern Saharan countries, and the tropical rainforests of the more humid south, with a great variety of local languages and cultures. The rich natural resources and accessibility of the area were quickly exploited by Europeans; most of the Africans taken by slave traders came from this region, causing serious depopulation. The very different influences of West Africa’s leading colonial powers, Britain and France, remain today, reflected in the languages and institutions of the countries they once governed.

Scale 1:9,000,000 Km

0 25 50 0

150

100

25

50

Miles

São SantiagoPRAIA Filipe Ilhas de Sotav ento

250m / 820ft

10,000 to 50,000

100m / 328ft

below 10,000

Maio

DAKAR

12

Rufisque

o)

RA Linguère

Vélingara

Ranérou

Maghama

SENEGAL

G E R I A

W

MAURITANIA

S

NOUAKCHOTT

N

O

Rio

Télimélé

Kamsar

Djallon

Kavendou 1421m

Fria Konk ouré Boffa

Cap Verga

Mamou

Kindia

Dubréka Conakry

CONAKRY

Coyah Forécariah

Kouroussa

G U IN E A Niger

Mo

ngo

Falaba Kabala

SIKA SSO

Kankan

Faranah

Mandiana

Tokounou

Kadiolo Tengréla

Manankoro

Samatiguila

Sikasso

Garalo Kolondiéba

Niellé

Kouto Madinani

Boundiali

Korhogo

li

Odienné Binimani Kambia Pendemb Kérouané u 1945m Bako Kissidougou Port Loko Makeni Se Pic de Tibé Pepel Koidu Lungi 1504m Borotou Lunsar Magburaka Guékédou Macenta Beyla

FREETOWN

m The Gambia, mainland Africa’s smallest country, produces great quantities of peanuts (groundnuts). Winnowing is used to separate the nuts from their stalks.

Land use and agricultural distribution goats sheep cocoa coffee cotton oil palms peanuts rubber shellfish

Moyamba Shenge

SIERRA LEONE

Bonthe Sherbro Island

The urban/rural population divide urban 36%

pasture cropland forest desert

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Kenema

E

F

80

Population density

Total land area

104 people per sq mile (40 people per sq km)

2,337,137 sq miles (6,054,760 sq km)

G

H

n Ma

MONROVIA

rural 64%

capital cities major towns 90

100

I

Voinjama

IVORY

Boola

Kani Mankono Séguéla Zorzor Nzérékoré Lola Kounahiri M on ts Nimb Matru Puje Lof Yomou Yekepa a Biankouma hun Béoumi Zuénoula Sanniquellie Man Vavoua Lac de Sulima Danan é Gbanga Ganta Kossou Tubmanburg Robertsport Daloa Bouaflé Duékoué Kakata Toulépleu Zoukougbeu hn Harbel Saint Jo Guiglo Tapeta Issia Monrovia Lac de Buyo Zwedru Buyo Gagnoa Marshall Taï Lakota va Buchanan lla sto Soubré Ce Guéyo River Cess Bo

Kolahun

Touba Sifié

o

T

LA

LIBERIA

NT J

IC

Greenville

OC

Grand Cess

EA

Harper

N

Fresco Sassandra San-Pédro Grand-Bérébi Tabou Cape Palmas

Grabo

Plibo

a

D

Yanfolila

Dabola

Dalaba

O

C

Y

œ

Bafi

Fouta

VO

KR

76

B

Ballé

Nioro

Yélimané

ndr

O

Sélibabi

Bassikounou

’Adel Bagrou

ssa

NO

OU

A

Kobenni

Sa

A

Kankossa

A AKOuld Yenjé

Néma

Timbedgha Amourj

Ca

O-

SS

N

ACCRA

Lagos

RT

OU

EA

M

L I B ER I A

YA

OC

A

MONROVIA

ABUJA

GH AR BI

BAMAKO

A

IVORY COAST

AN

L

IC

NIGERIA

OUAGADOUGOU

GH

AT

SIERRA LEONE

FREETOWN

S a h e l NIAMEY BURKINA FASO PO MÉ IN BEN GO LO TO

GUINEA

CONAKRY

T

A

ER

BAMAKO

BISSAU

17

R

M

SENEGAL

GAMBIA

N

A

NIGER

GUINEA-BISSAU

A

H

C

BANJUL

A

MALI

DAKAR

16

LIBYA

IM

ASSABA

S ass an d ra

L

D

‘Ayoûn el ‘Atroûs

Tîntâne

a

A

C H A D

H

RA

.S

A

15

A

i

GORGOL

Matam

rlo

Rio

The humid southern regions are most suitable for cultivation; in these areas, cash crops such as coffee, cotton, cocoa and rubber are grown in large quantities. Peanuts (groundnuts) are grown throughout West Africa. In the north, advancing desertification has made the Sahel increasingly unviable for cultivation, and pastoral farming is more common. Great herds of sheep, cattle and goats are grazed on the savannah grasses, and fishing is important in coastal and delta areas. MOROCCO

âm Mbout

d

Oualâta

HO DH EL

Kiffa

GAMBIA

Using the land and sea

14

cc

oro

SAHA

d by M

RN

TE ES

Diourbel

GUINEA-BISSAU

13

Tâmchekkeœ

Nara Bakel Sandaré Ambidédi Fatick Mbour Kidi ra Joal-Fadiout Saloum Maréna Kaolack Sokolo Diéma Mourdiah Sokone Kayes Koungheul Kaffrine Goudiri Se Niono Nioro du Rip KA YE S é Diamou neg KOULIKORO BANJUL al Maka ul Tam baco Ga mbi a o und a Georgetown Bafoulabé Didiéni Sadiola SÉGOU Banjul Ba Mansa Konko Basse Santa Su Markala Kolokani Banamba Dialakoto Brikama Toukoto Diouloulou Kolda Vélingara Médina Gounas Niger Bignona Gambia Ségou Lac de Kita Sédhiou Ziguinchor Saraya Manantali Sébékoro Koulikoro Farim Bla Kéniéba ba Fana Kou Kati Kokof ndâr ê ata a Bissorã G Cacheu Satadougou Bamako Kédougou Gabú Mansôa Ba Niagassola Tamgue Mali 1538m Bissa Bafatá oru Dioïla nifin Quinhámel u C g Ba Fulacunda BISSAU Gaoual Ouéléssébougou Kangaba Dok Maléa o Bol ama Buba Arquipélago Kangaré Catió Labé dos Bijagós Tougué Dinguiraye Lac de Bougouni Niéna Sélingué Pita Tikinsso Siguiri Boké

11

 The southern regions of West Africa still contain great swathes of tropical rainforest, including some of the world’s most prized hardwood trees, such as mahogany and iroko.

lé e

Mékhé Tivaouane Dara Touba Dakar Thi ès Bambey Mbaké

(same scale as main map)

sea level

Louga Kébémèr

Guérou

Mônguel

Kaédi

Lac de Guier

Va

Fe

50,000 to 100,000

Maio

Tarrafal Fogo

500m / 1640ft

Bogué Bababé

Podor

u

100,000 to 500,000

Saint Louis

Dagana

HODH ECH CHARGUI

Boûmdeïd

Aleg

Senegal

Richard Toll

Aoukâr

oé

1000m / 3281ft

João Barrosa

Tîchît

Moudjéria

BRAKNA

S

TAGANT

Ba g

500,000 to 1 million

ATLANTIC OCEAN

Tidjikja

Boutilimit Magœa‘ Laìjar

Mederdra Rkîz

l

2000m / 6562ft

Rachid

ni

N

O

O

1 million to 5 million

El M rey yé

oulé

KR

VO

OU

Above 5 million

Oujeft

Idîni

Rosso

ADRAR

Chingueœœi

TRARZA

Tiguent

El Mrâyer

Ba

NO

SS

CAPE VERDE

Elevation

Sebkhet Te-n-Dghâmcha Beïla Nouakchott

e

MAURITANIA

Boû Rjeimât

NOUAKCHOTT

Santo Antão Pombas Ilha s de B ar lavento Mindelo Pedra Ribeira Lume Amilcar São Brava Sal Cabral Vicente São Nicolau Boa Vista

Ouadâne

Aωr

n

â a r u O

s

O-

OU

Port Harcourt

Nouâmghâr

r

g

r

E

ng

M

RT

YA

Lagos

Map key Population

capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

âr

Akjoujt Bennichchâb

œeï

Maq

Choûm

INCHIRI

Et Tîdra

Râs Timirist

ch

m

oa

ACCRA

I C MONROVIA O C L I B ER I A EA N

ABUJA

Ibadan

O

IVORY COAST

ER

N

PO MÉ BENIN O TOGO L A

LA

T

NIGERIA

AN

AT

8

SIERRA LEONE

FREETOWN

Kano

OUAGADOUGOU

GH

CONAKRY

M

GUINEA

A

BISSAU

Ak

NOUÂDHIBOU

k

ulé

BAMAKO BURKINA FASO

GAMBIA

GUINEA-BISSAU

ibou â dh DAKH LET

Ì

l g K â El Mreiti E

Tourîne

Châr

an

Bao

NIAMEY

Fdérik

m

M

SENEGAL

C

BANJUL

t Nou

a El Ì

S ew a

DAKAR

Dakhle

A

Nouâdhibou

f

f ze

he

l

NIGER

‘Ayoûn ‘Abd el Mâlek

Touâjîl

âl

i

t et

TIRIS ZEMMOUR

ba

MALI

Boû Lanouâr

Nouâdhibou

Râs Nouâdhibo u

OCEAN

NOUAKCHOTT

C H A D

MAURITANIA

chemicals cotton spinning food processing mining oil palm oil processing peanut processing textiles vehicle manufacture

Bîr Mogreïn

Zouérat

W

IC

W

L G A E R I

‘Aïn Ben Tili

(oc

Tropic of Cancer

Major industry and infrastructure

LIBYA

A

10,192 miles (16,405 km)

ANT

A

.S

A

H

RA

6752 miles (10,867 km)

The road and rail systems are most developed near the coasts. Some of the land-locked countries remain disadvantaged by the difficulty of access to ports, and their poor road networks.

MOROCCO

6

1037 miles (1669 km)

ATL

5

62,154 miles (100,038 km)

250

cupie

The transport network

Abundant natural resources including oil and metallic minerals are found in much of West Africa, although investment is required for their further exploitation. Nigeria experienced an oil boom during the 1970s but subsequent growth has been sporadic. Most industry in other countries has a primary basis, including mining, logging and food processing.

200

150

100

projection: Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area

4

Transport and industry

250

200

GU I

2

AFRICA: WEST AFRICA O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

M A L I

TOMBOUCTOU Tombouctou

Lac Faguibine

Nige

Goundam

r

Koro Thiou

Bankilaré

Téra Dori

BURKI NA

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Massif de Taghouaji 1106m

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m Along much of the West African coast, barrier beaches have built up and dammed river mouths, forming fluvial and estuarine plains.

Nguigmi

78

Gouré

Bosso Malbaza Goudoumaria er Zind Tessaoua Miria Birnin Konni Guidan-Roumji Lake ta Takié a i Diff Matankari Guidimoun Gazaoua Chad Dogondoutchi a Niamey Rim Maïné-Soroa Matamey Maradi Aguié Loga SOKOTOWurno Damasak Dengas Madarounfa NIAMEY Sokoto Sok Nguru Gashua Geidam Daura Magaria DOSSO Mongonu ina a Say Birnin Kats Kaura Namoda ji Dosso n de Gumel Ngala Ga Argungu Gaouré Ha ugu Mafara KATSINA d Talata jia Hade a Yashi Birnin Kebbi Falmey m wa Magumeri N Dik Tambawel

Tillabéri

Gothèye

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du

Estuarine deposits

El Gueœœâra

il tou

Barrier beach

H

A

River dammed by barrier beach

Tropic of Cancer

r

Taoudenni

74

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I

n

R

Lagoon

Fluvial deposits

4

74

LIBYA

Barrier beaches

Lake Volta is an artificial lake, created by the damming of the Volta river. It links the drier northern areas with the coast and is intended to provide fresh water for drinking, fisheries and irrigation.

é

E

T

Virgin rainforest which once covered much of the West African coast, has been drastically reduced by logging and agricultural land clearance.

ré

C

G

ar ìm el A

As it nears the Gulf of Guinea, the Niger forks into many strands. When the river floods, alluvium is deposited over a wide area. This creates fertile soils, able to support both crops and livestock.

Ko

h c

e h

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L

2

3

Two types of coastline characterize West Africa. Swampy, muddy coasts colonized by mangroves occur on river deltas and where ocean currents are weak, like the coast of Senegal. Sandy beaches, with barrier ridges and lagoons, form where currents are stronger.

A

1

There are two major topographical areas in West Africa: the northern deserts are part of the Saharan region which stretches across the whole continent; the grasslands of the Sahel and the southern Guinea coast are part of Africa’s central plateau. The landscape is generally low, rarely rising above 1500 ft (457 m) and consists mainly of plains, broken by an occasional high plateau or mountain range.

m Inselbergs, found across the Sahel, are isolated hills, or outcrops, formed where the surrounding plain has eroded away, leaving only the more resistant remnants of the original plateau.

Chegga

Y

The landscape

 The Niger river flows for 2600 miles (4181 km) from Fouta Djallon, on the plateau of Guinea, via southern Mali, where it supports rich fish stocks, on through the desert, and finally through Nigeria to the Gulf of Guinea.

The dry grasslands of the Sahel border the southern reaches of the Sahara. Overgrazing, drought and the cutting down of trees for firewood, means that much of the Sahel is turning irrevocably to desert.

X

C

N

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a

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ro

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16

17

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Abidjan

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15

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Lake Volta

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Black

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Red

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Ouahigouya Bossey Tougouri Kongoussi Goursi Tikaré Bangou Pissila Bogandé Yako Torodi Bénéna a Mané Kaya rb Toma Nouna Boulsa Bilanga Si Ziniaré Kantchari Koutiala u Yorosso Dédougou Kano JIGAWA ékro Za mf a r a YOBE Gusau oa Réo Jega Fada-Ngourma Maiduguri Tap Ouagadougou Zorgo Damaturu Kouri Koudougou Gummi l ta ) fashi Koupéla Malum Wudil Dutse Ja Azare Potiskum Gaya Kamba Diapaga n Boundoukui Kombissiri O Bama RA RN ZAMFA BO ol Malanville Garango KANO Birnin Kudu ta Manga Tansarga Tui Boromo Wh KEBBI Funtua (N Koundougou Faggo Tenkodogo i Gwoza Zuru Ni Wasagu az Sapoui mb ino ge Houndé Kari é) r Banikoara n) Bitou r Zaria Koko Nebbou o Bobo-Diou Pama lasso k Nafada Koloko Kandi Darazo Pô ta Ouessa Léo Zabré Bawku Porga Soba Dutsan Wai Ségbana Orodara Diébougou Sabon Birnin Dapaong Yelwa Navrongo I Biu Sindou MBE CH GO BAU Gwari Sidéradougou Bolgatanga KADUNA Tanguiéta Gogounou Tumu Mubi Lawra Go Gombe Ibeto Kontagora ti Banfora Sandema Gambaga Gbéroubouè a Kujam Ko SansannéNatitingou Nadawli Kainji hi Niangoloko Bauc Gaoua bi o Gom Kum Mango Péhonko Tegina Reservoir wn Auna NIGER Walewale Boukoumbé Kachia Kampti Bembèrèkè Kouandé Wa lpa Ouangolodougou Kaltungo Jos Jos Ku Zungeru Nikki Wawa Kainji Dam Kara Kandé Ndali Gushiegu Djougou Mangodara Minna Kafanchan Plateau Panyam New Bussa Batié Yashikera an Jimeta Niamtougou eNum Ferkessédougou Kaiama nu Yola Kara Be Téhini Yendi Pankshin Suleja Tamale Mokwa KWARA Parakou Ko Bouna Sawla Bida FEDERAL N ig Kong Bafilo Bétérou i ka PLA TEA U Jalingo Okuta Bassar Yapei e Tafiré nt ains Kishi Bole Bassila Jebba r Wamba CAPITAL Sokodé Fa Shendam tla nt Tchaourou Damongo Bimbila n Shebshi Keffi DISTRICT Lafiagi Gassol Volta Shaki Dimlang Lafia Pategi Baro Abaji Nassarawa Salaga 2042m Ilorin WA RA Blitta Mountains OYO NA SSA Dabakala Ibi Bantè a Loko osho Nkwanta Ogbom Wukari Katiola Bondoukou Kintampo Savalou Benue Kabba Savè Iseyin é Makurdi Kete-Krachi TARABA OshogboEKITI Lokoja Anié ou ti Ado-Eki Ede Wenchi Oyo Bouaké Sandégué a Dassa Tanda Atebubu Kwadwokurom KOG I Ayangb UE BEN Gotel Ilesha Techiman Iwo Badou Atakpamé Ikare Mbahiakro Berekum Kétou Ife Okene Gboko Takum Mountains Jasikan Ejura Sunyani Owo Tiébissou OSUN Idah Oturkpo Abomey Agnibilékrou Hohoe Akure Ouéllé Abeokuta Ondo Pobè Mampong Auchi Kpandu Notsé Bohicon ONDO OGUN Goaso Murtala ENUGU Ubiaja Ijebu-Ode Dimbokro O Kpalimé Kumasi Ilaro Muhammed Ogoja San Pedro Lokossa Abengourou Okitipupa Enugu Mpraeso Epe EDO EBONYI Ikeja Konongo Bongouanou Tsévié Cotonou Toumodi ER Ho LAGOS ANAMBRA Asaba Bibiani Akosombo Abakaliki Grand-Popo Ouidah Obuasi Oumé Benin City IV Akoupé C Awaaso Lomé Awka Dam V o i-Uku l Adzopé t Ogwash a Afikpo Koforidua Aného Onitsha Dunkwa Oda Tiassalé Ikom Enchi Bight o Agboville Sapele Kwale Nsawam Ada fB Asamankese IMO ABIA Keta Divo Kotoka e A hia n DELT Umua Agona Swedru Paul Saint Cape in Aboisso Prestea Owerri Warri Guitri Grand-Bassam Dabou Aba Forcados Burutu Uyo Winneba Tarkwa oa Yenag Port Bouet GrandRIVERS Cape Coast Calabar 78 AKWA Half Assini Lahou ourt Harc Port Axim Sekondi-Takoradi IBOM Degema Cape Three Points Opobo BAYELSA Bonny ou ths Brass t of Biafra of the Bigh Niger X Y Z Bani

77

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

F

G

R

A

N’DJAMÉNA

KINSHASA

14,110 miles (22,710 km)

3985 miles (6414 km)

The Trans-Gabon railway, which began operating in 1987, has opened up new sources of timber and manganese. Elsewhere, much investment is needed to update and improve road, rail and water transport.

37 miles (60 km)

102,747 miles (165,774 km)

SU

N

N

76

A Z A M B I

IA

BURUNDI

RWANDA

DA

Lubumbashi

Bukavu

Kananga

Kolwezi

H

Kisangani

D E M. R E P . CONGO

BANGUI

A NGOLA

The transport network

N

(CABINDA)

ANGOLA

BRAZZAVILLE

GABON

A

YAOUNDÉ

LIBREVILLE

Port-Gentil

EQ. GUINEA SAO TOME & PRINCIPE

MALABO

CE NT RA L N C A M E R O O N AFRICAN R E P U BL I C Douala

I

E

I

CHAD

L I B Y A

Large reserves of valuable minerals are found in Central Africa: copper, cobalt and diamonds are mined in Dem. Rep. Congo and manganese in Gabon. Congo, Cameroon, Gabon and Equatorial Guinea have oil deposits and oil has also been recently discovered in Chad. Goods such as palm oil and rubber are processed for export.

Transport and industry

capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

brewing chemicals cobalt copper diamonds food processing manganese oil palm oil processing textiles tin

Major industry and infrastructure

m The ancient rocks of Dem. Rep. Congo hold immense and varied mineral reserves. This open pit copper mine is at Kolwezi in the far south.

The great rainforest basin of the Congo river embraces most of remote Central Africa. The interior was largely unknown to Europeans until late in the 19th century, when its tribal kingdoms were split – principally between France and Belgium – with Sao Tome and Principe the lone Portuguese territory, and Equatorial Guinea controlled by Spain. Open democracy and regional economic integration are important goals for these nations – several of which have only recently emerged from restrictive regimes – and investment is needed to improve transport infrastructures. Many of the small, but fast-growing and increasingly urban population, speak French, the regional lingua franca, along with several hundred Pygmy, Bantu and Sudanic dialects.

N I G E R

2

E

CAMEROON , CENTR AL AFR ICAN R EPUBLIC , CHAD, C O N G O , D E M . R E P. C O N G O , E Q U AT O R I A L G U I N E A , GABO N , SAO TO M E & PR I N CI PE

Central Africa

GO

ON

C

A

UGA ND

1

D

E

Fa

S

Massalassef

CHARI- Massenya Ba BAGUIRMI h

N O R D

Lagdo

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MAYOKÉBBI OUEST LOGONEPoli OCCIDENTAL c i Lac de Rey Bouba Oc

Garoua

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Koumra

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Abou-Déïa

Mongo

B a t ha

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Moïssala

B

am

in

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Bahr Aouk

aouach

Guéréda

l

Am Timan

Goz-Beïda

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BAMINGUIBANGORAN

Garba

ouk

Ouadi Howa

Am-Djarass

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if

des

Ouanda Djallé

B

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ENNEDIEST Monou

Mongororo m hr Az o u Ba

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Am Dam

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FIRA Abéché

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Dépressio

DW A D I

A

M

A

Lake Chad is the remnant of an inland sea, which once occupied much of the surrounding basin. A series of droughts since the 1970s has reduced the area of this shallow freshwater lake to about 1000 sq miles (2599 sq km).

A

ENNEDIOUEST

Arada

Mangalmé

Haraz-Djombo

A

Y

L

 A plug of resistant lava, at the southwestern end of the Cameroon Ridge (Dorsale Camerounaise), is all that remains of an eroded volcano.

Massif du Chaillu

Gulf of Guinea

The volcanic massif of Cameroon Mountain occupies an area which remains volcanically active.

K

Ounianga Kébir

Oum-Chalouba

MOYEN-CHARI

Melfi

B

Gouro

Oum-Hadjer

Bitkine

Ati

Djédaa

Doba MANDOUL Maro

TANDJILÉ Laï

MAYOKaélé KÉBBI Léré Gounou-Gaya EST

EXTRÊMENORD FiangaBongor

Faya r u j o

BATHA

H

D

h

d u

GUÉRA

Goundi

Guélengdeng ha ri Bousso Yagoua Ba Illi

Bokoro

Moyto

VILLE DE N’DJAMÉNA

a

Tersef

N’DJAMÉNA

N’Djaména

Salal

Moussoro

HADJER-LAMIS Ngoura

Maroua

Pala

C

g E r

Koro Toro

é é l B o d

BAHR EL GAZEL

Massaguet

Emi Koussi 3415m

BORKOU

A

Sherda

Zouar

I

H

Yebbi-Bou

L

74

T i b e s t

Bardaï

TIB ES TI

Aozou

Tropic of Cancer

Massif d’ Abo

S

Massakory

Ngouri

Mao

Nokou

Kousséri

I

Lake Chad lies in a desert basin bounded by the volcanic Tibesti mountains in the north, plateaux in the east and, in the south, the broad watershed of the Congo basin. The vast circular depression of the Congo is isolated from the coastal plain by the granite Massif du Chaillu. To the northwest, the volcanoes and fold mountains of the Cameroon Ridge (Dorsale Camerounaise) extend as islands into the Gulf of Guinea. The high fold mountains fringing the east of the Congo Basin fall steeply to the lakes of the Great Rift Valley.

Lake Bol

Chad

H

The landscape

Rig-Rig

Mora Mokolo

Guider

Benue

G

KANEM

LAC

N

G I

R

E

i

C

R

B Gh ah az r e al l

b

a

B

A I

E

C

i

ro

NT

C

ig

ar

Lo O r ig o n e d e n t a l ental

LA

O

Ch am

AT

IC L ogo n e

éita

T U

ZA TAN

i

rgu

rK

SO

Char

rE

ah

78

S U D A N

A N D S U o

A

Submarine canyon

Waterfalls and cataracts

O

50

100

100

150

200

150

250 200

projection: Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area

25

25 50

Miles

0

0

Km

Scale 1:9,500,000

P

Q

250

sea level

100m / 328ft

250m / 820ft

500m / 1640ft

1000m / 3281ft

2000m / 6562ft

3000m / 9843ft

4000m / 13,124ft

Elevation

below 10,000

10,000 to 50,000

50,000 to 100,000

100,000 to 500,000

500,000 to 1 million

1 million to 5 million

Population

Map key

m Virgin tropical rainforest covers the Ruwenzori range on the borders of Dem. Rep. Congo and Uganda.

Rich mineral deposits in the ‘Copper Belt’ of Dem. Rep. Congo were formed under intense heat and pressure when the ancient African Shield was uplifted to form the region’s mountains.

Lake Tanganyika, the world’s second deepest lake, is the largest of a series of linear ‘ribbon’ lakes occupying a trench within the Great Rift Valley.

The Congo river is second only to the Amazon in the volume of water it carries, and in the size of its drainage basin.

The Tibesti mountains are the highest in the Sahara. They were pushed up by the movement of the African Plate over a hot spot, which first formed the northern Ahaggar mountains and is now thought to lie under the Great Rift Valley.

m The vast sand flats surrounding Lake Chad were once covered by water. Changing climatic patterns caused the lake to shrink, and desert now covers much of its previous area.

m The Congo river flows sluggishly through the rainforest of the interior basin. Towards the coast, the river drops steeply in a series of waterfalls and cataracts. At this point, the erosional power of the river becomes so great that it has formed a deep submarine canyon offshore.

Broad, shallow basin

The lake-like expansion of the Congo river at Stanley Pool is the lowest point of the interior basin, although the river still descends more than 1000 ft (300 m) to reach the sea.

N

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

AFRICA

ui

Annobón (to Equatorial Guinea)

pasture cropland forest desert

capital cities major towns

cattle cocoa coffee cotton palms peanuts rubber timber

em Nt

Ebolowa

Lolodorf

Douala

Kribi

Bight of Biafra Campo

Isla de Bioco

é

SUD

Djoum

Sangmélima

YAOUNDÉ

Bafia

P

MAMBÉRÉ

m

ba

Ib

Yaloké

Lomié Mo

tab

a

eng a

Setté Cama

I

MALABO

B

I

A

LA

N

C TI

N

C

H

SU

KINSHASA

D

N

N

IA

E

BURUNDI

Bolobo

C i

Ingende

Bu s a

Songololo

KINSHASA

Selenge

O

C

G

H

O

Gungu

Kikwit

L

a Lo

A

Kahemba

0

n

ge

50

60

70

80

J

2,023,939 sq miles (5,243,364 sq km)

I

40

43 people per sq mile (17 people per sq km)

30

Total land area

20

rural 67%

Population density

10

urban 33%

Bokota

apa Bokungu

Ikela

s

a

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S a n k ur u

Dekese

Isandja

i

Yambuya

Lo

m

am

90

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Ka

sa

i

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Kasaji Malonga

L

82

Luashi

Isiro

Wamba

Aba

Arebi

Faradje

Mangbwalu

Mungbere Andudu

Watsa

Dungu

Niangara

Rungu

e

Tshofa

Z

Mutshatsha

A

Aru

Bunia

Lake Albert

Mahagi

Djugu

M

Uvira

ra

Sampwe

A

B

Kipushi

Mpala

I

A

Sakania

Mokambo

Lubumbashi

Moba

Kabunda

Kasenga

Kilwa

Lake Mweru

Pweto

Kiambi

a

BURUNDI

RWANDA

Lake Kivu

Kamanyola

Kalemie

Nyunzu

Niemba

Lukafu Kienge Lac de Retenue Kambove de la Lufira Minga Likasi Luishia

Lubudi

G

ua

uga

Manono

L uv

Luk

Mulongo

Mitwaba

Bukama Lu fi

N

Lac Nzilo Tenke

Luena

A

Muyumba

Ankoro

Mwanza Malemba-Nkulu

Kolwezi

Kanzenze

Kongolo

Lac Upemba

Kamituga Itula

Fizi ba Kasongo Kabambare Lulimba Lusangi Mazomeno

Ebombo i Kabalo amKatompi m Lo

Lubao

ala

Samba

Lu

Walungu

Bukavu

IVU S U D KMwenga

Moga Kalima Kingombe Shabunda

Goma

Rutshuru Masisi

Kalehe Kabare

NORD Mahulu Yumbi KIVU Punia Walikale Kasese

Pangi Lueki Kampene Kibombo

Kinda

Sokele

T

Kamina

Kafakumba Tshimbalanga

K

di

MANIEMA

Kabongo Kaniama

Luputa

Kindu

Lokandu

Kabinda Tshilenge Dibaya Kamiji Gandajika

Luiza

n

Mulenda

Mbuji-Mayi

Dimbelenge

Mwene-Ditu

Tshimbulu

Kapanga

Tshibala

Kazumba

Kananga

OCCIDENTAL

Poko

Uel

Doruma

Medje Sese Kole Aruwimi Panga Bomili Banalia Nia-Nia Lin

Katako-Kombe

KASAI ORIENTAL

Lodja

Lomela

i

Kisangani

Yolombo

Lukeni e

Bena-Dibele

Kole

Loto

Zobia

Bambesa

Obo

O R I E N T A L E

Buta

Titule

Ango

Gwane

Api

Bili

Zémio

Mboki

Ouando

S S O U U D T H A N 80

Komanda Adusa Irumu Kasenye Mambasa ri Bafwasende Batama Bengamisa Isangi Yangambi Bafwabalinga Beni Bafwaboli Manguredjipa Opienge Wanie-Rukula Yatolema Butembo Equator Kasindi Lubero Angumu Lake Ubundu Edward 80 Opala Lubutu Kirundu

Basoko

Ou

Angu

Lubefu Kinda Lusambo Mweka Idiofa KASAI Pania-Mutombo Demba Penge Luebo Djoku-Punda

The urban/rural population divide

G

K

Panzi

Kasongo-Lunda

Feshi

Kimbao

Masi-Manimba Bulungu Lusanga Kenge

BANDUNDU

Tshu

Wema

Lebo

Aketi

Likati

a

Simba

u

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m Bo

Dembia Rafaï

DEM. REP. CONGO Monkoto

Watsikengo

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Mangai

Yuki

Djolu

Yahuma

B

Bumba

Lingomo II Befale Mompono Samba Befori

o

E Q U A T E U R

Oshwe

Lac Mai-Ndombe Kutu

Inongo

Lopori

Gundji

Uele

Monga

Ndu

Modjamboli

Bongandanga

Lisala

Gumba

Businga

Ouango MobayiMbongo Yakoma Abumombazi

Mobaye

i

MBOMOU

Derbissaka

Djéma

HAUTMBOMOU

ba

F

Dinga

KINSHASA

Madimba Mbanza-Ngungu

Kasangulu

n

Bolomba

Mbandakair

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o

g

Bogbonga Basankusu Waka ga

Irebu Bokatola Bikoro Lac Ntomba Lukolela Kiri Bolia Boleko

B A S - C O N G O KimvulaPopokabaka

Matadi

Lukula

o ng Co

Luozi

Kinkala

Kinshasa

BRAZZAVILLE

m High-quality timber is floated to Port-Gentil, Gabon, via the Ogooué river. Timber provides important export revenue for several countries, although there has been concern about the uncontrolled logging of rare tropical woods.

Muanda

(CABINDA)

Tshela

Mossendjo

Boma

Dolisie

ANGOLA

RWANDA

DA

Ny

Pointe-Noire

ZA TAN

A Z A M B I

Kananga

DEM. REP. CONGO

AN GOLA

C

an

l im a

Gamboma

PLATEAUX

Franceville

N

ala

A

(CABINDA)

ANGOLA

BRAZZAVILLE

GABON

Port-Gentil

LIBREVILLE

BANGUI YAOUNDÉ

Loango

Pointe-Noire

Tchibanga

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

N’DJAMÉNA

CAMEROON

E

Douala

N

G

R

CHAD

L I B Y A

Ndendé

Mayoko

Mimongo a i l l d u Moanda Mbigou u Franceville NGOUNIÉ Mbinda

Mouila

CONGO n

Bomongo

lo Lu

Bozene

Alindao

Yalinga

Bani

Ira Banda Bakouma

Bria

Mouka

KOTTO Bangassou

BASSE-

Gbadolite Bosobolo

Gemena

Ippy

Bambari

Bakala

OUAKA

Budjala Akula Bomboma

Kungu

Libenge

Mankanza

Bétou Enyellé

ye

Zongo

BANGUI

Monts de Djambala Ngo Mpouya Nioki la Lékéti Léf Tolo Zanaga ini Kwa Mushie NYANGA NIARI Komono Pl Kwamouth Bandundu L uke a POOL t nie Kibangou Mayumba LÉKOUMOU Pangala e a u Kasai x B Makabana até Sibiti ké Bagata Ndindi Mouyondzi Mayama Loudima BOUENZA Brazzaville KOUILOU Fatundu Stanley Pool Nkayi Madingou Madingo-Kayes

Iguéla

MARITIME

Fougamou

Sindara

Grimari

Mbrès

(Oubangui) MPOKO Damara Pandu Uban Kouango gi Boali

Bossembélé

OMBELLA-

Sibut

KÉMO

Dékoa

Bouca

Bossangoa

Baoro Bossentélé Bogangolo Lo

Ouadda

HAUTE-KOTTO

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC

Bouar Bozoum

Ouham

OUHAMPENDÉ

OUEST uyou Owando Ko CUVETTE Bonda Lastoursville Ewo Obouya Loukoléla OGOOUÉ HAUTOyo Boundji Koulamoutou s s -LOLO OGOOUÉ Okoyo if A

GABON

O

Lambaréné

O MOYEN-OG

OGOOUÉ-

Ogoou

Omboué

Cap Lopez

LIBREVILLE

EQUATORIAL Bata GUINEA Bata

EQ. GUINEA SAO TOME & PRINCIPE

Land use and agricultural distribution

A

ORIENTAL Goré Kabo Baïbokoum Bamingui NANAMarkounda Batangafo GRÉBIZI Bocaranga Paoua OUHAM Kaga Bandoro

bé Carnot ré ga Gadzi Bélabo na Ka Sa Nanga Eboko MAMBÉRÉYabassi Cameroon Mountain Bangui Batouri Minta 4070m Bertoua KADÉÏ Boda Bimbo LITTORAL Monatélé Idenao Gamboula Doumé Buea ga Obala Berbérati LOBAYE Ka Sana dé Tiko Ayos Bambio Mbaïki Malabo ï Abong Mbang Douala Edéa Nyong Eséka Mongoumba MALABO SANGHA-MBAÉRÉ EST Nsimalea Luba ja Yokadouma L oba D Mbalmayo Nola

Kumba

Cash crops for export include cocoa, coffee and rubber. Shifting cultivation is widely practised, and plantains are the staple food of the equatorial region, grown with yam and taro. Cassava, guinea corn (sorghum), and millet are the main subsistence crops in savanna areas. Cattle farming is limited to areas free of tsetse fly, and fish from the interior rivers are an important protein source.

Using the land

64

Meiganga

CAMEROON

Yoko

na

Baboua Garoua Boulaï Bétaré Oya ér NANAem

Lac de Mbakaou

DAMAOUA am A Tibati

er

Vi

Ngaoundéré

B en ue

A d a m a w a H i g h l a n d s

n

FoumbanC E N T R E

OUEST

Do

SUD- Bafang OUEST NkongsambaNoun

Dschang

Bafoussam

Mamfe

C

Banyo

Tignère

Mbé dé

LIKOUALA Dj Ambam a Moloundou Bitam Minvoul Dongou Ebebiyin Souanké Ngo Niefang Mongomo ko Impfondo Príncipe Mbini WOLEUEvinayong Ouésso Epéna Oyem Río Uolo oua Sembé SAO TOME Dj SANGHA NTEM Cabo San Juan Acalayong & PRINCIPE Bélinga Mékambo Liouesso ite Cocobeach R í o M Médouneu OGOOUÉMitzic Makokou Mamb São Tomé São Tomé i a ESTUAIRE Iv IVINDO Pikounda Mbomo SÃO TOMÉ Kango Equator CUVETTE- Makoua Booué Ndjolé Kéllé Etoumbi O g ooué Bifoun

Guinea

Gulf of

AT

Lu

26

25

24

23

22

21

20

19

18

17

16

m The great Congo river forms part of the border between Congo and Dem. Rep. Congo. The river is fast-flowing, and a series of falls and rapids means that it is only partly navigable.

N I G E R

U

15

NORD-

Lac Nyos Nkambe Wum

I

OUEST l e a Bamenda rs

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Ouaka

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Tchabal Mbabo 2460m

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ula

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Lake T

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T A N Z A N I A

G

25

24

23

22

21

20

19

18

A

15

14

AFRICA: CENTR AL AFRICA

E

79

12

CE

N

A TR

13

ar

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r

a

Delgo

Wa

di

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t

n

ilk

Akasha

Merowe

Wad Banda

U

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D El Obeid

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Bara

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Tendelti

Kosti

Sennar

Rabak Singa

Ed Dueim

Haiya

Gallabat

El Hawata

(Massawa)

Nakh’fa

Ras Shakal

Áksum

Ádwa

Ádí Árk’ay

Ras Dashen Terara 4620m

T I G R A Y Ábíy Ádí

Om Ìajer Teke z é

Mendefera ‘Adi Kh’eyîì

ASMERA

Keren Ak’ordat

Barentu Teseney

Metema

Doka

Enghershatu 2576m

Tokar

Suakin

Port Sudan

The tiny countries of Rwanda and Burundi are mainly mountainous, with large areas of inaccessible tropical rainforest.

ss

Da h

la kA

Ádígrat

Soyra 3018m

l Mersa Fat’ma

Mek’elé

rt

‘Îdi

M

25

50

100

100

150

200

150

250 200

Beylul

N ME E Y

140

O

250

P

Ephemeral lake forms at far edge of slope

Central block slopes towards main fault

Q

o f

A d

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m An extinct volcano, Kilimanjaro is Africa’s highest mountain, rising 19,340 ft (5895 m). Once famed for its snow-capped peak, this has almost completely melted due to changing climatic conditions.

Kilimanjaro

Lava flows on uplifted areas either side of the eastern branch of the Great Rift Valley gave the Ethiopian Highlands – a series of high, wide plateaux – their distinctive rounded appearance and fertile soils.

m The eastern arm of the Great Rift Valley is gradually being pulled apart; however the forces on one side are greater than the other causing the land to slope. This affects regional drainage which migrates down the slope.

Boundary fault

 The Kassala region in eastern Sudan is watered by the Atbara river, an important tributary of the Nile. Most of the population is engaged in agriculture, growing cotton and cereals.

projection: Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area

Miles

0

0 25 50

Km

N

A vast plateau lies between the eastern and western rift valleys in Kenya, Uganda and western Tanzania. It has been levelled by long periods of erosion to form a peneplain, but is dotted with inselbergs – outcrops of more resistant rocks.

Scale 1:9,500,000

Lake Victoria occupies a vast basin between the two arms of the Great Rift Valley. It is the world’s second largest lake in terms of surface area, extending 26,560 sq miles (68,880 sq km). The lake contains numerous islands and coral reefs.

aC h Zula an ne

aw

L

 This dome at Gonder, in Ethiopia, is a volcanic intrusion, formed when molten rock pushed up the surface of the Earth and then solidified, leaving an outcrop of igneous rock.

Lake Tanganyika lies 8202 ft (2500 m) above sea level. It has a depth of nearly 4700 ft (1435 m). The lake traces the valley floor for some 400 miles (644 km) of the western arm of the Great Rift Valley.

E R I T R EMîts’îwa A

ngeb La

Kassala

KASSALA

Dungûnab Ras Abu Shagara Muhammad Qol

Ekowit

Sallom

Sinkat

Eriba

Gedaref Hag ‘Abdullah GEDAREF

Barakat

Adarama

Khashm el Girba

Wad Medani

GEZIRA El Manaqil

N

Wad Nimr

Kamlin Rufa‘a

KHARTOUM El

Khartoum

Nile Shendi

Kabushiya

Halaib

Salala

Derudeb

S E A

Musmar

Góz Regeb

Ed Damer

Berber

RIVER NILE

Atbara

Shereik

R E D

adi ‘Amur W

Abu Hamed

D e s e r t

N u b i a n

Wadi H

KHARTOUM Omdurman Khartoum North

Eilei

Abu ‘Urug

Ed Debba

Korti

El Khandaq

Dongola

Argo

N O R T H E R N K O R D O F A N Umm Inderab

s

y

Hamrat esh Sheikh

Umm Keddada

Gedid Ras el Fil

El Fasher

Mellit

S

Teiga Plateau Malha

e

b

l Ni

Lake Nasser

Wadi Halfa

T (Hala’ib Triangle)

K

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

En Nahud

Er Rahad

Umm Ruwaba

SINNAR

Áykel

Gonder

ÁDÍS ÁBEBA

Ethiopian

E T H I O P I A

SOMALILAND

DJIBOUTI

l f G u

í m Maych’ew ‘Aseb é n Sek’ot’a ÁFAR WHITE El Jebelein Moulhoulé Korem Álamat’á Degoma NILE Abu Zabad Caluula T’ana Háyk’ Nyala N u b a Lalibela Ádís Zemen Dilling Obock Raas Rashad WESTERN (Lake Tana) Er Roseires Kubbum Renk Weldiya Tadjourah Caseyr Debre Tabor Delami M o u nt a i ns Ásayita Murcanyo a d T j e El Fula o ura fe d l Ed Damazin o G Tendaho Yoboki Bahir Dar SOUTHERN Ed Da‘ein Qandala KORDOFAN BLUE lu Á M A R A Boosaaso DJIBOUTI Bargaal eN Bu Djibouti El Lagowa NILE KORDOFAN SOUTHERN a y W einl e Guba Dangila Abu Gabra Lake Abhe Mi uraha z ‘Ali Sabieh Maydh Roseires Kh Dikhil ska Cal El Muglad Kadugli DARFUR Desé h Mot’a ad Karin Reservoir at ar EASTE ’ o Handa Raas Xaafuun Shimbiris i RN Ceerigaabo it Áysha Talodi AWDAL h k 2407m Kurmuk Umm Dafag e Buré W Méda ’ Ábuyé BÍNSHANGUL Berbera Xaafuun é (Abyei Area) Bullaxaar DARFU R d 4000m Paloich BARI GUMUZ a Laas Dhaareed Melut Baki Buraan SANAAG X Debre Ásosa Shiikh UPPER Boorama Mark’os Kodok Bahr el Arab Sumeih WOQOOYI Debre NILE Mendí Fiché Bandarbeyla Abyei WESTERN GALBEED ha Birhan l a Dawa (not internationally recognized) Diré Qardho el Gha z r Ánkober Malakal h Machar Burco Dhuudo a Hárer BAHR NORTHER N B BAHR Xudun So Jijiga Hargeysa Gímbí Beigi Xalin Lo Goroch’an da Marshes ba Fangak Bentiu ins Mí’éso l TOGDHEE R Caynabo SOOL EL GHAZAL Yubdo 3276m (ADDIS ABABA) Ad Nek’emté t nta Wun Rog EL GHAZAL Doo wash Áwash Hágere u Ák’ak’í Á o UNITY Jur x Aweil O R O M Í Y A Hiywet Ádís Ábeba Debre Zeyit Sinujiif Laas Caanood M

CENTRAL DARFUR

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Marra Jebel Marra Hills

ow

DARFUR

Kutum

Kebkabiya

Zalingei 3071m

El Geneina

WESTERN DARFUR

Umm Buru

iH

NORTHERN

ád

D

i

Selima Oasis

P

N O R T H E R N

Y

In contrast to the desert conditions that prevail in much of Sudan to the north, annual rainfall in the tropical wetlands of the southern Sudd region in South Sudan, can sometimes exceed 1000 mm (40 inches).

East Africa’s most significant landscape feature is the Great Rift Valley, which formed during the most recent phase of continental movement when the rigid basement rocks cracked and buckled. Great blocks of land were raised and lowered, creating huge flat-bottomed valleys and steep escarpments, sometimes covered by volcanic extrusions in highland areas.

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The countries of East Africa divide into two distinct cultural regions. Sudan and the ‘Horn’ nations have been influenced by the Middle East; Ethiopia was the home of one of the earliest Christian civilizations, and Sudan reflects both Muslim and Christian influences, while the southern countries share a closer cultural affinity with other sub-Saharan nations. Some of Africa’s most densely populated countries lie in this region, and the needs of a growing number of people have put pressure on marginal lands and fragile environments. Although most East African economies remain strongly agricultural, Kenya has developed a varied industrial base.

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B U R U N D I , D J I B O U T I , E R I T R E A , E T H I O P I A , K E N YA , R WA N D A , S O M A L I A , S O U T H S U D A N , S U D A N , TA N Z A N I A , U G A N D A

East Africa

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EASTERN EQUATORIA

z

Ágaro

Jíma

Elemi Triangle

Lokichokio Lokitaung Murangering

(administered by Kenya)

Lotagipi Swamp

Mají

M

Shakíso

Yabélo

Ch’ew Bahir

Gídolé

Ábaya Háyk’ Bargé Árba Minch’ Bako

Lake Kwania

Soroti

Mount

Lake Bisina

UGANDA

Masindi

Butiaba

Lake Albert

Kinyeti 3187m

Nazrét K’ok’a Háyk’ Ziway Háyk’ Ásela

Buna

Moyalé

ar

éW

en

R

Byumba

Muhutwe

Gikongoro Cyangugu Butare

era

RWANDA KAGERA Lake KIGALI Kigali Kivu Gitarama k a Kibungo Rubondo g

Ruhengeri Gisenyi

Island Ukara Island Ukerewe Island Kome Island

Lake Victoria Bumbire

MARA

Masai Mara National NAROK Reserve Musoma

Tarime

Konza Kajiado Mutomo KAJIADO Makindu Namanga Lake Amboseli Kilimanjaro

Loliondo

ru

Fudua

Kodacho

KITUI Balguda Kitui Machakos TANA RIVER

NAIROBI Nairobi

z

KHARTOUM

B

C

2837 miles (4568 km)

7068 miles (11,381 km)

D

E

The land-locked nations suffer economically from their restricted access to the coast and from underdeveloped infrastructures. Kenya and Tanzania are investing in new transport links.

Trans-East African Highway

102,421 miles (164,929 km)

A

Z

m The magnificent National Parks of Kenya and Tanzania provide essential refuges for many of Africa’s rarest animals. Tourism brings in much-needed cash to sustain these important conservation projects.

BURUNDI

i

a

M

ey

F

82

BI A

ll

Manda

yasa Lake N

LAWI G

NJOMBE

ego

Riba

El Wak

Didimtu

LAMU Garsen

Chamba

RUVUMA

Ruvuma

Tunduru

Ligunga

Mb

e

82

MTWARA

Lindi

Newala

Masasi

Nachingwea

Liwale

u mk

LINDI

Dar es Salaam

UE Q I B M MOZA

Mbamba Bay

Songea

Magingo Gumbiro Nyamtumbo

Luw

DODOMA

T A N Z A N I A

MA

A

N

si

ra

ga

ala

M

a yi k n a ng Lake Ta

The transport network

CE

ber

We m

K

Mtwara

Mikindani

eh

Bu’aale

Dujuuma

li

Cadale

pasture cropland forest wetland desert

capital cities major towns

0

M

50

60

70

80

L

2,413,758 sq miles (6,253,259 sq km)

40

Total land area

30

83 people per sq mile (32 people per sq km)

20

rural 81%

Population density

10

urban 19%

The urban/rural population divide

cattle goats sheep coffee cotton sugar cane sisal tea timber

N

90

Land use and agricultural distribution

100

MUDUG

172

LIBYA

ga

ale

Eyl

sea level

100m / 328ft

250m / 820ft

500m / 1640ft

1000m / 3281ft

2000m / 6562ft

3000m / 9843ft

4000m / 13,124ft

Elevation

below 10,000

10,000 to 50,000

50,000 to 100,000

100,000 to 500,000

500,000 to 1 million

1 million to 5 million

Population

Map key

Raas Cabaad

ed

SUDAN

NAIROBI

N

SOMALIA MOGADISHU

Dar es Salaam

Mombasa

KENYA

TANZANIA

L MA

DJIBOUTI

DJIBOUTI

ME

Hargeysa S O M A L I L A N D Dire- Dawa

ADDIS ABABA

ASMERA

ERITREA

ETHIOPIA

DODOMA

ZAM BIA

BURUNDI

RWANDA

KAMPALA

UGANDA

JUBA

SOUTH SUDAN

KHARTOUM

YE

m This flat valley floor in Burundi is criss-crossed by irrigation channels which provide a constant source of water for the coffee grown here.

G Y P T

O

Nu

Jirriiban

Hobyo

Xarardheere

Mereeg

NYAMIRA BOMET NAKURU NYANDARUA NYERI MURANG'A KIAMBU NAIROBI CITY KIRINYAGA THARAKA-NITHI EMBU MACHAKOS MAKUENI MOMBASA

The Lake Victoria basin and rich volcanic soils of the Kenyan, Tanzanian and Ugandan uplands support subsistence crops and cash crops, such as coffee, tea, cotton, sugar cane and a variety of high-quality vegetables. Where rainfall is too variable for cultivation, pastoralism predominates. In the most arid regions camels are common; elsewhere large herds of cattle, sheep and goats are raised. Tsetse fly infestation limits human settlement and agriculture in much of this region. E

P

Gaalkacyo

Kenya: Administrative regions

(MOGADISHU)

MUQDISHO

BANAADIR

Warshiikh

BUSIA SIAYA HOMA BAY MIGORI BUNGOMA KAKAMEGA VIHIGA KISUMU KISII WEST POKOT TRANS NZOIA ELGEYO/MARAKWET UASIN GISHU NANDI KERICHO

Baraawe

Using the land

Pate Island

Marka

Muqdisho

Jawhar

Derri

SHABEELLAHA DHEXE

Balcad Afgooye

SHABEELLAHA HOOSE

Diinsoor

Wanlaweyn

Buulobarde

HIIRAAN Burka Giibi

Sina Dhaqa

Ceel Buur

Ceel Dheere

Dhuusa Marreeb

Bur Tinle

NUGAAL

Garoowe

Gellinsor Wargalo

GALGUDUUD

Geladí

Domo

Buuhoodle

a u d

Werdér

Mahadday Weyne

Baydhabo

BAY

Kismaayo

Buur Gaabo

Beledweyne

Tayeeglow Waajid

Equator Jamaame Jumba JUBBADA

HOOSE

K’elafo

BAKOOL

Garbahaarrey

JUBBADA DHEXE

H

Shilabo Él Ábréd

K’orahé

Gedlegubé

Mustahíl

beli

Xuddur

he

K’ebrí Dehar Denan

Dheere Laaq Afmadow Jilib Dobli

Uar Garas

Baardheere

M

r ar

Luuq

El Kure

Ímí

O

Áwaré

g a d e SUMALÉ n

Degeh Bur

GEDO

Doolow

A w a r a Mandera Plain MANDERA

Wajir W oya md er o Lag h ISIOLO Pla i n g'iro N o s a w Habaswein E Mado Gashi Lorian

Laisamis

Da

G enal

WAJIR

Fugugo

El Der

Negélé

Kibre Mengist

K E N Y A

Lokori C h e r a n g a n y Baragoi H i l l s SAMBURU Ol Le D Kapenguria n

m Ah

Shala Háyk’ Gínír Shashemené Goba o Dodola e b d Yirga ‘Alem n Me Wendo O ROMÍYA Díla

Áwasa

Highlands

NATIONALITIES

en

Giyon Ádamí Tulu Hosa’ina

Waka Shewa Gímíra Mízan Teferí SOUTHERN Sodo

W

oW

Koma Ábeltí

ég a E Méga sca rpm Lake Turkana Nimule ent Moyo Rudolf) (Lake Kaabong Sololo Pa le TURKANA i g North Horr er tN er Kitgum Arua Atiak Chalbi Lodwar Kotido Desert Gulu Rhino Camp South Island MARSABIT Moroto Pakwach ia Nile Lokichar Victor Marsabit Lira

CENTRAL EQUATORIA

JUBA

Tali Post Malek Tombe Amadi Terakeka Mongalla

V

tone ings Liv untains Mo

26

Maridi

Ko

ar

Metu Bedelé Buré Goré B

u

25

24

23

Yambio

ílo

SUDAN

Bor

Kongor Jonglei Pibor Post

JONGLEI

Akobo

GAMBÉLA Akob HIZBOCH o

be

m

22

SUDAN

Port Sudan

E G Y P T

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Island Mwanza Lamu Lake Natron Bariadi Dera Ngara Biharamulo N ERITREA Serengeti ME Kipini ASMERA YE Plain MWANZA Geita Muyinga SIMIYU El Obeid ARUSHA Mount Meru 5895m Sab aki Nyantakara Bujumbura Bubanza Tsavo Runere DJIBOUTI 4556m Ngorongoro Crater Muramvya Moshi Taveta Voi KILIFI Malindi Seke DJIBOUTI ADDIS Ruyigi BUJUMBURA Gitega GEITA Lake Eyasi Hargeysa ABABA Rei Arusha Arusha SOMALILAND Kibondo TAITA/ Shinyanga Kilifi Dire- Dawa SOUTH Lake Manyara TAVETA ti Mbulu i b SHINYANGA Kahama Rutana SUDAN Si Same Mombasa ETHIOPIA Mkalama JUBA Nzega Mombasa Babati Nyanza-Lac KILIMANJARO KWALE SOMALIA Kwale Bukene Nduguti U KIGOMA MOGADISHU sa el M Shimoni . R UGANDA Kasulu ou m b nn G E MANYARA O P. KAMPALA KENYA nt a r Kigoma Ndala ain a Kismaayo Kondoa M a s a i PEMBA NORTH Singida Lushoto Kaliua Tabora Uvinza s s NAIROBI Ujiji Loya Wete ara Korogwe Steppe Mbwikwe RWANDA Pemba Malag Tanga TABORA Handeni Chake Chake Mombasa BURUNDI Issuna Major industry Pangani PEMBA SOUTH TANGA ZANZIBAR NORTH Mkwaja IN and infrastructure Zanzibar DODOMA Mahonda Zanzibar Dar es Salaam Limb Zanzibar ZANZIBAR a chemicals L im b a TANZANIA Nkonde Mpanda Koga Kongwa WEST Koani ZAM Sh cement ama Za BIA Mpwapwa Bagamoyo nzi ZANZIBAR SOUTH DODOMA coffee processing bar C SINGIDA Morogoro KATAVI Kitunda ha n n el Karema Chipogolo Rubeho frankincense MOZAMBIQUE Rungwa DAR ES SALAAM a A Dar es Salaam Mountains hydro-electric power a M h a Ru sisal processing PWANI Kisiju o Kipili eat Mbogo Rungwa Nj sugar refining Gr Mikumi Great R tea processing R a uah Lake Rukwa ufiji Mafia textiles Sumbawanga Iringa Makampi Kilindoni MBEYA wildlife reserves IRINGA Mohoro RUKWA Makongolosi Sao Hill capital cities MOROGORO Nambanje an Kasanga Us major towns Kilwa Kivinje Mahenge du o s Mbeya t a ta n international airports r o in o e Ma rik ain r P ta Kilwa Masoko a e Monga g t b major roads en un M ou n M o K i p n g e Njombe major industrial areas M Ra Kiswere Tukuyu

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 The great Ngorongoro Crater in Tanzania is an immense relic of past volcanic activity. Other examples are found throughout Kenya and Tanzania.

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Kafu Lake Kyoga Elgon Hoima Most exports from this region consist of raw Nakasongola 4321m Namasagali Kagadi Kakoge materials which have undergone primary processing. m Kitale Mukutan Maralal Mbale Se Kaliro Fort Portal BARINGO Bungoma Tororo Mubende These include cotton, sugar, tea, sisal and coffee. Jinja Iganga Eldoret Bombo Margherita Peak Isiolo Garba Tula Liboi Swamp 5119m Kat onga Marigat LAIKIPIA Busia Fast-flowing rivers in the highlands generate Mpigi Kasese Hagadera MERU KAMPALA Kakamega Nyahururu Equator Ntusi Entebbe Entebbe Solai Meru hydro-electric power, which has great future Lake George Nanyuki Alinjugul Kirinyaga Kisumu Masaka Bukakata Sese 5200m Saka Nakuru Ndeke Winam Gulf Kericho Lake potential. The appeal of Kenya’s wildlife and Nyeri Garissa Islands Gilgil Nakuru Embu Mbarara Kyotera Homa Kisii GARISSA Naivasha Makota beaches has made tourism a crucial part Murang’a Bay Lake Ntungamo Masinga Reservoir Lake Naivasha Hola Thika Edward Ngorengore of the economy. K Narok Kabale Bukoba

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gold oil textiles uranium wildlife reserves

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78

 Almost all new mining ventures in Zimbabwe are now subject to government control. This mine at Bindura in northeastern Zimbabwe produces nickel, one of the country’s top three minerals in terms of economic value.

South Africa, the world’s largest exporter of gold, has a varied economy which generates about 75% of the region’s income and draws migrant labour from neighbouring states. Angola exports petroleum; Botswana and Namibia rely on diamond mining; and Zambia is seeking to diversify its economy to compensate for declining copper reserves.

Transport and industry

CABINDA

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Africa’s vast southern plateau has been a contested homeland for disparate peoples for many centuries. The European incursion began with the slave trade and quickened in the 19th century, when the discovery of enormous mineral wealth secured South Africa’s regional economic dominance. The struggle against white minority rule led to strife in Namibia, Zimbabwe, and the former Portuguese territories of Angola and Mozambique. South Africa’s notorious apartheid laws, which denied basic human rights to more than 75% of the people, led to the state being internationally ostracized until 1994, when the first fully democratic elections inaugurated a new era of racial justice.

C

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A N G O L A , B O T S WA N A , L E S O T H O , M A L AW I , M O Z A M B I Q U E , N A M I B I A , S O U T H A F R I C A , S WA Z I L A N D , Z A M B I A , Z I M B A B W E

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Namib Desert

3815 miles (6144 km)

23,208 miles (37,372 km)

Southern Africa’s Cape-gauge rail network is by far the largest in the continent. About two-thirds of the 20,000 mile (32,000 km) system lies within South Africa. Lines such as the Harare–Bulawayo route have become corridors for industrial growth.

746 miles (1202 km)

Planalto de Bié

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Mwinilunga

Kalene Hill

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South Africa: Capital cities

Limpopo river

Great Rift Valley

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Macomia

C A B O Mueda DELGAD O

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10

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Cabo Delgado a Palma v um o R Rio Mocímboa da Pra

sea level

100m / 328ft

250m / 820ft

500m / 1640ft

1000m / 3281ft

2000m / 6562ft

3000m / 9843ft

Elevation

below 10,000

10,000 to 50,000

50,000 to 100,000

100,000 to 500,000

500,000 to 1 million

1 million to 5 million

Population

Map key

A uge io L

m The Bushveld intrusion lies on South Africa’s high ‘veld’. Molten magma intruded into the Earth’s crust creating a saucer-shaped feature, more than 180 miles (300 km) across, containing regular layers of precious minerals, overlain by a dome of granite.

Platinum minerals

Magnetite

Granite

Q

Lake Nyasa occupies one of the deep troughs of the Great Rift Valley, where the land has been displaced downwards by as much as 3000 ft (920 m).

P

Volcanic lava, over 250 million years old, caps the peaks of the Drakensberg range, which lie on the mountainous rim of southern Africa’s interior plateau. Broad, flat-topped mountains characterize the Great Karoo, which have been cut from level rock strata under extremely arid conditions.

Nyasa

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Lake Bangweulu

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 The fast-flowing Zambezi river cuts a deep, wide channel as it flows along the Zimbabwe/Zambia border.

Bushveld intrusion Gabbro and peridotite

Nakonde

Isoka

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Makasa

Chambeshi

Mukupa Malole Kaoma Kasama Mwenda Luwingu Nsando Nsombo Luena

N O RT H E R N

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Chingola Nchanga Mufulira Kalulushi Kitwe

Solwezi

N

Senga Hill

A

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At Victoria Falls, the Zambezi river has cut a spectacular gorge taking advantage of large joints in the basalt, which were first formed as the lava cooled and contracted.

The mountains of the Little Karoo are composed of sedimentary rocks which have been substantially folded and faulted.

m Following a series of droughts, this baobab tree in Zimbabwe now stands Lake alone in a field once filled by sugar Tanganyika cane. The thick trunk and small Kaputa leaves of the baobab help Lake it to conserve water, Mweru Mpulungu Mbala Wantipa ufub enabling it to survive even L Mpande in drought conditions. Mporokoso Nchelenge Lake Mweru Chimpembe

M

The Okavango/Cubango river flows from the Planalto de Bié to the swamplands of the Okavango Delta, one of the world’s largest inland deltas, where it divides into countless distributary channels, feeding out into the desert.

projection: Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area

Miles

0

Km 0

Scale 1:9,500,000

The Orange River, one of the longest in Africa, rises in Lesotho and is the only major river in the south which flows westward, rather than to the east coast.

The Kalahari Desert is the largest continuous sand surface in the world. Iron oxide gives a distinctive red colour to the windblown sand, which, in eastern areas covers the bedrock by over 200 ft (60 m).

Khorixas, Namibia

84,213 miles (135,609 km)

The transport network

m Finger Rock, near Khorixas, Namibia is a remnant of a former land surface, which has been denuded by erosion over the last 5 million years. These occasional stacks of partially weathered rocks interrupt the plains of the dry southern interior.

Thousands of years of evaporating water have produced the Etosha Pan, one of the largest salt flats in the world. Lake and river sediments in the area indicate that the region was once less arid.

Most of southern Africa rests on a concave plateau comprising the Kalahari basin and a mountainous fringe, skirted by a coastal plain which widens out in Mozambique. The plateau extends north, towards the Planalto de Bié in Angola, the Congo Basin and the lake-filled troughs of the Great Rift Valley. The eastern region is drained by the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers, and the Orange is the major western river.

The landscape

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Baia de Pemba Marrupa Pemba Montepuez Meponda Balama Dowa Mal anga e la Chipata Mchinji Mecúfi g w Salim Ocua Ntemwa a Li l o n u w a gu Catur Li a ond Nam Cac bo Chilem Kapiri uno Lilongwe bwe N'Guim la Lumba Monkey Lúrio Caluquembe Chadiza Taculi Mposhi io Plain Namapa Mitande Bay Mulungwe a Maúa Chipindo Lucira Mulungushi Lúr Petauke Lukulu u Mpima Quilengues Lubungu Mandimba an Mufaya Kuta Rio Muite Cangombe Dedza Cassacatiza Muen Kaf Me g in mb a Ba Dedza Mountain de Karenda Nyimba Kaoma Kabwe ia de Memba úr i Chofombo Cubango Longa m io Bentiaba c ub Ulonguè 2198m Mangochi s e f wa Cuchi úr Lalaua Baia de CENTRAL Me Minguri Furancungo Lupire Kalabo Sikelenge Lun io L Menongue Luampa R Cacula Rufunsa Fer Chisamba Fingoè não Veloso Ntch Zâmbuè Matala Dongo eu Mutuáli Sikongo Cuíto Cuanavale Myooye N L Nambala Nacala Mongu Chikumbi Katondwe Bibala Ribáuè A M P U L A go Liwonde Lake elon Muze Cap e Chium a ngo Luampa Kuta Lusaka Quipu Cassing Lealui Musale o Mal Mu ng ema eca mba ba Kataba te Cunja Moçambique Lu 15 Matenge ire Chilwa LUSAKALuangwa Vila do Zumbo Monte Namuli Kavingu Kafue Gi ra ul Meconta Lumb Chibia H U Í L A nda Songo Zóbuè Nampula Zomba o Mulalika WESTERN 2419m Kafue Neriquinha Albufeira de Baixo Longa it a T E T E Qu i z ixa e Mazabuka xe e ib m elai Mol ndo Bla Blantyre umbo Alto Molócuè Cuv Caiu Cahora Bassa Na ntyre Murrupula b eti Mavinga Mogincual Magoye NAMIBEei Màgoé Chicoa Moat am Chirundu Z do SOU lon ize THE Mu Ponta Liú RN po Kayoya Vir Mapanza Errego Nametil Senanga Monze Mulanje Chikwawa Thyo Mugulama Tete Albina Changa Shangombo Rio Luia Chiange lo K UA N D O Chalaua SOUTHERN Chioco Milange Z A M B É Z I Siavonga Kariba Gilé Mandundu Tombua A Sung o MASH Mand Chir Lug ONALA ié omo ela ND Choma Muzoka Mu l o n g a Sioma ug an Mulevala MASHONALAND Mount Darwin Curoc Za Simakando Mulobezi Angoche el a Cahama C U N E N E Tambara Zam Tara e do Bangula K U BA N G O Luengue Plain Otchinjau Karoi b 16 ow Changara Humbe Evale CENTR res y AL Moma Tig Mu s go cub do gon WEST a Nsan Bowwood ela Xan je Kotwa Nyamapanda Baia Sinazongwe ua t cóc rca On Kalomo L Ma u Moc da Lions i Den uba a n a a Cu Ponta Ondjiv Bindura Zimba MualamaNova Nabúri Iona N g we z e MungáriChemba ito Lake Banket Mutoko Sesheke Chinhoyi Morrumbala Katima Mulilo Omundaungilo Senkobo Cunene Kariba Guro Vila de Sena Cuangar Chitado Olifa Oshikango MASH Peb ONA Kongola ane LAND Namacurra Binga Nkurenkuru Etengua Bwabata I KasaneVictoria Livingstone Makwiro Mpungu Kunene Cubango Macossa Harare OHANGWENA i p CAPRIV Foz do Cunene Caia Victoria Falls Ombalantu Mukwe r Chakari t Gokwe Catan EAST dica Chitungwiza Mupini Mopeia i S a Oshakati Kavimba Falls Victoria Falls Rundu Otuazuma Maringuè Okankolo Capriv Shishikola Quelimane Golden Valley 172 Beatrice Ongandjera OSHANA Marondera Nyanga Hwange TO Inhaminga KO Marromeu I Kadoma Mangwendi Rusape Inyangani Shakawe H S Savute O O G O K AVA N Opuwo OMUSATI Lupane S h a n g a n i 2592m P uGorongosa Hwedza Mup 17 Chinde Oshivelo G wa ng Kwekwe Muny Manica Tsintsabis yi Nkayi Redcliff at i N O RT H - W E S T Karakuwisa Chivhu Namutoni SOFA LA Conceição Mutare Nova au Vandu MATABELELAND Nxaunx zi o Ponta Timbue k MIDLAND S Ombombo Okavango Etosha Inchope Chimoio Cape Fria Gwai Tsumeb Kandalengoti Mvuma MANICALAND Nhamatand Okaukuejo Delta a Inyathi Gweru Shurugwi Pa n Jakalsberg NORTH we Tsumk b Dond Mavit nt o i a Rocky Poi an Otavi Nokaneng Beira Sepako Grootfontein Ho Chimanimani Maun Tshauxaba Xaixai Beira Kombat Dombe Ri Nata Tsau Mashava K U N E N E Otjikondo o Búzi Bulawayo Bikita Gam B Bulawayo PA o Masving JU t o ND e t OT JO ZO Chiboma Sofala Chibabava Outjo Zvishavane Tutume PlumtreeFigtreeMbalabala Makalamabedi 18 Toteng Sowa Okaputa Mberengwa Zaka Espungabera Ondundazongonda Sehithwa Baia de Sofala Mosetse Ntwetwe Ramokgwebane Filabusi Ei s e b Fransfontein Otjiwarongo ú Sowa MASV INGO MATABELELAND Okakarara Rio B Divinhe Pan s NORTH rixa Kho b Pan Rakops Triangle ua EAST Mphoengs Gwanda Machanga Mopipi au C E N T R A L Francistown SOUTH West Nicholson Mbizi R Chiredzi Brandberg Mambone Cum u nde Orapa Save Letlhakane 2574m ene d Otjin n e R a l e a L r h v i S a ashe o Sa Shashe Jofane D a mOtjosondu Omawewozonyanda Dekar Macovane Mw ru Massa Ghanzi aru ngena Om Uis e Motlo Inhassoro Ilha do Bazar uto utse Serule Epukiro Rietfontein GO ON Mmashoro ER Pamb arra 19 19 Mabote r E ja SelebiEK Beitbridge hand Bobonong Vilan a AH Oka kulo OM os I Z N Usak A ubis m GH Karak Chicualacuala Machaila Ponta São Sebastião Phikwe 64 Tswaane Karibib Serowe Pafúri Buitepos Mamuno Musina Omitara m A wide range of crops are a Mapi p w Palapye nhan o k O e Alldays (Messina) Gobabis KHOMAS wak grown in South Africa, aided in Wlotzkasbaken nd Tesenane Rössing many areas by irrigation Vivo Louis Trichardt hla Mahalapye Tom Burke Shoshong c o s nd Mapai ida oek mu Pont Non Windh a da Chigubo Swakop Pomene H (Makhado) Palamakoloi schemes, such as the Orange Ch Barra Falsa abis as Dord Machaneng Bandelierkop Walvis Bay Walvis Bay i Lephepe Kruger Funhalouro g om om River Project, which Giyani National Massinga be L I M P O P O k both nt Reho Poi iban can Roo G A Z A DindizaINH AM BA NE Peli KWENENG p supplement irregular rainfall. Dibete Park m Ukwi Salajwe Letaba uis Derm 20 Amin 20 Mabala ( N Morr O Tzaneen RT ne Kang H E R umbene N) Nauchas Petrusdal Tropic of Capricorn Gobabed Dutlwe Phalaborwa Massingir Hom Mosomane oíne Mokopane s hana Tshane Letlhakeng Polokwane Hoac Ponta da Barra Olifants (Potgietersrus) corn si Hukunt pri Ca Aub n of Klei pic Tro Panda (Pietersburg) Inhambane KGATLENG Drift Aranos Mabutsane Narib Marão Molepolole Modimolle Zebediela Jangamo Lagoa Mochudi ss ish ob Jwaneng Thamaga (Nylstroom) Roedtan Guijá Chicomo Poelela Inhar Burgersfort rime SO Chibuto Lendepas Chokwé H A R DA P Mariental Mashishing Gaborone U T Kanye Quissico Tea, cotton, sisal and tobacco are Geluk Marble Hall (Lydenburg) Graskop Skukuza Mandlakazi Northam KG A L AG A D I Khakhea H Gochas Magude Maltahöhe Ramotswa Xai-Xai E Werda Groblersdal grown commercially in the MPUMA Lobatse LANGA Macia Praia Mo do Xai-Xai Beestekraal l op Bossiesvlei Mbombbela Praia do Bilene 21 21 Zeerust o Tsatsu southeast, with vines and citrus Manhiça Brits Rustenburg (Nelspru Asab it) Moamba Maralaleng Barberton Vorstershoop GAUTENG Mafikeng O. R. Tambo Maputo Middelburg fruits near the southern coast. Au Mmabatho Tosca Piggs Peak Krugersdorp ob Tsabong Koës Tses Dolphin Head Lichtenburg o Matola Benoni Soweto Coffee is grown in northern Berseba Cabo de Santa Maria Lothair MBABANE Germiston Springs Bethal N O RT H - W E S T Tsaw isis Manzini Bela Vista Heidelberg Nigel Potchefstroom Khuis Angola. Corn is the main staple Manzini Ermelo Bethanie shoop man Keet Aansluit Vereeniging Garub Manhoca Aroab Hlathikulu Aus Vryburg Klerksdorp Parys crop, grown with cassava,pulses or Standerton Lüderitz Sandverhaar Seeheim Noord eMkhondo' ts Bokspi 22 22 Hotazel Heilbron Volksrust WakkerstrooNhlangan o Grillenthal potatoes. Poor soils and cyclical m K A R A S Chamaites s Kuruman Vrede Lavumisa a Bloemhof er Klein Taung Allanridge Kroonstad Land use and drought limit farming to extensive Utrecht a r Groenrivi Vryheid Mkuze Lindley Karas K Sishen Christiana t Olifantshoek Odendaalsrus Nongoma Newcastle agricultural distribution oo pastoralism in most of Namibia Welkom r Dundee G Daniëlskuil Bethlehem Kums Virginia Mahlabatini Warrenton Glencoe Karasburg Ariamsvlei Ulundi cattle and Botswana. on Harrismith Upingt St.Lucia F R E E S TAT E Barkly West K WA Z U LU / NATA L Haib Kokerboom Augrabies Postmasburg citrus fruits Affenrücken Winburg Ladysmith Cape St.Lucia Dealesville Warmbad Melmoth Falls Keimoes Brandfort Colenso coffee Phofung 23 und 23 Oranjem Eshowe Groblershoop Ha Empangeni Hlotse 3282m Orange River Onseepkans Kakamas corn (maize) Griekwastad Kimberley Alexander Bay D E M . R E P. Greytown Teyateyaneng Estcourt e R Botshabelo i Douglas cotton Goodhouse C ONG O Wreck Point Vioolsdrif Mokhotlong Pofadder MASERU Mangaung KwaDukuza (Stanger) ng Niekerkshoop TA N tea eR Howick Othongathi Z A Kenhardt Marydale Maseru Port Nolloth iv Hopetown tobacco N I Edenburg Prieska Thaba Putsoa Thabanap Okie A LUANDA Pieterma beep ritzburg Naba vineyards 3095m Ntlenyana m The arid Namib Desert Umlazi Durban Mafeteng ge River gbok Sprin 3482m EASTERN Kleinsee an stretches along much of the capital cities eXobho Durban Moyeni CAPE coast of Namibia. Great Bethulie major towns Philippolis M A L AW I Brandvlei ANGOLA 24 Vosburg Kokstad Sterkspruit es E Gari ip LILONGWE diamond deposits lie beneath De Aar Hondekl pasture U ZAMBIA Aliwal N O RT H E R N Britstown Colesberg Mount Fletcher Port Shepstone Q North LUSAKA the miles of constantly shifting I Sak River cropland Mount Ayliff B Burgersdorp Barkly East Maclear sand dunes. Carnarvon M forest Loeriesfontein CAPE Port Edward HARARE Noupoort Elliot ZA desert Williston Victoria West Kootjieskolk Indwe O Mthatha S ak 64 Z I M BA BW E Middelburg Bamboesberge M Calvinia Port St.Johns Vanrhynsdorp 2207m The urban/rural population divide M NA M I B I A Three Sisters E A S T E R N Fraserburg bh R Queenstown D or Dutywa WINDHOEK Cradock 2280m Toorberg N in 25 25 c ib B O T S WA NA urban 39% rural 61% Whittlesea a Graaff-Reinet C A P E Butterworth GABORONE St.He Beaufort West Seymour Stutterheim PRETORIA l Luttig MAPUTO e  Table Mountain, na Aberdeen Sutherland Bhisho Somerset-Oos Ba Alice MBABANE with its flat top and Great Karoo Mdantsane Johannesburg Jansenville 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 S WA Z I L A N D King William's Town Kruidfontein rg Bonza Bay enbu Vred cloth-like folds rville B Porte G r Albert e e Prince o East London ot Laingsburg Cape Columbin r MASERU Alicedale overlooks the bay Grahamstown Population density Total land area Saldanha Willowmore LESOTHO Port Alfred Tulbagh WE STE RN CAP E E Kirkwood at Cape Town, home ith C orn Ladism Uitenhage Oudtsho Malmesbur y Little rp 49 people per sq mile 2,281,596 sq miles O S . A F R I CA Calitzdo ngton Uniondale Welli to South Africa’s 26 Kar Worcester A y N l a g B CAPE TOWN (19 people per sq km) (5,910,870 sq km) o Despatch a 172 o o George tson Bellville Paarl Rober IA parliament. Swellendam Port Elizabeth Humansdorp Stellenbosch D Knysna Cape Cape Somerset-Wes Riversdale IN Cape Cape Town ai Recife Mosselba Seal d Stran St.Francis Simon's Town lse Bredasdorp Cape of Good Hope ay A B C D K L M N O P Q Danger Point L'Agulhas Cape Agulhas Quoin Point

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Europe

4

Europe is the world’s second smallest continent, covering 4,053,309 sq miles

5

(10,498,000 sq km). It comprises 46 separate countries, including Turkey and the Russian Federation, although the greater parts of these nations lie in Asia. 6 Most northerly point: Ostrov Rudol’fa, Russian Federation 81° 47’ N

Greatest extent, North–South: 2700 miles / 4300 km

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Greatest extent, East–West: 3500 miles / 5600 km

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Most easterly point: Mys Flissingskiy, Novaya Zemlya, Russian Federation 69° 03’ E

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Lowest recorded temperature: Ust ‘Shchugor, Russian Federation -67°F (-55°C)

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Most westerly point: Bjargtangar, Iceland 24° 33’ W

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Cross-section from Cape Saint Vincent, Portugal to the Ural Mountains, Russian Federation

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Most southerly point: Gávdos, Greece 34° 51’ N

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Highest point: El’brus, Russian Federation 18,510 ft (5642 m)

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su

11

ay Ridg ab e Ar ian Ba a s in Se bia a n

ia

Ka ra Ku m

sp ca

Ku ra

10

Lowest point: Caspian Depression, Russian Federation -92 ft (-28 m) below sea level

Cape Saint Vincent

ar

Ca Cau

Cabo da Roca, Portugal (9° 32’ W)

Ky zyl

Ku m

t ur ty Us e a u t a Pl

u ta

re s

Da

Tien Shan

ea

a

ep

S al Ar

K

D

Largest lake: Lake Ladoga, Russian Federation 7100 sq miles Ural (18,390 sq km) Mountains

Q

17

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

85

EUROPE A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

Physical Europe

1

L

M

The North European Plain Rising less than 1000 ft (300 m) above sea level, the North European Plain strongly reflects past glaciation. Ridges of both coarse moraine and finer, windblown deposits have accumulated over much of the region. The ice sheet also diverted a number of river channels from their original courses.

The physical diversity of Europe belies its relatively small size. To the northwest and south it is enclosed by mountains. The older, rounded Atlantic Highlands of Scandinavia and the British Isles lie to the north and the younger, rugged peaks of the Alpine Uplands to the south. In between lies the North European Plain, stretching 2485 miles (4000 km) from The Fens in England to the Ural Mountains in Russia. South of the plain lies a series of gently folded sedimentary rocks separated by ancient plateaux, known as massifs.

3

K

Glacial lakes

Rivers were diverted from their original course by the ice sheet

A layer of glacial sediments covers the North European Plain

The Atlantic Highlands The Atlantic Highlands were formed by compression against the Scandinavian Shield during the Caledonian mountain-building period over 500 million years ago. The highlands were once part of a continuous mountain chain, now divided by the North Sea and a submerged rift valley. The Atlantic Highlands continue in the British Isles

5

Rift valley buried by sediments

Atlantic Highlands in Norway

North Sea

B Section across the North European Plain showing its low relief and drainage.

Rocks affected by ancient mountain-building Scandinavian Shield

Cross-section through northeastern Europe showing the continuous mountain chain and rift valley system.

e a of

lf Gu

C

He O u br t

I

i

ds

Se

al

S

epe

r

an

Do

Etna 3263m

n Mo tains un

B

l

a

k

c

S

e

Ionian Sea

A

n

T

a

PL

e

E

S

Weak sedimentary strata have been folded

Alps

e

a

Crete

Igneous rocks have intruded into the Massif Central

African Plate moved northwards The Apennines

C

physiographic regions line of cross-section

a

S

A

I

Older, eroded massifs lie behind the arc of the Alps

Po Valley

Tectonically formed basins

Great Hungarian Plain

C Cross-section through the Alps showing folding and faulting caused by plate tectonics.

C

uncertain

The uplifted plateaux or massifs of southern central Europe are the result of long-term erosion, later followed by uplift. They are the source areas of many of the rivers which drain Europe’s lowlands. In some of the higher reaches, fractures have enabled igneous rocks from deep in the Earth to reach the surface.

A

n

conservative a

The plateaux and lowlands

C

European basement rock

E PLAT E SIAN PLAT EURA N A LI NATO A A N A T O Pelopponese Aegean Sea LI A N N PL A TE

RI

a

destructive

El’brus 5642m

A

AF

r

constructive

s

r

(for explanation see page xiv)

Caucasus

Crimea

a

Sicily

e

Plate margins

Cas pian Sea

Sea of Azov

er

B

n

D

ka

sea level

s

Vol g

e

A

n

B

e n Vesuvius i a 1171m n Se a

Dni

D a nu b e

D i Ana D lp ri s c

B

at

i

86

ri

The collision of the African and European continents, which began about 65 million years ago, folded and then uplifted a series of mountain ranges running across southern Europe and into Asia. Two major lines of folding can be traced: one includes the Pyrenees, the Alps and the Carpathian Mountains; the other incorporates the Apennines and the Dinaric Alps.

A

Ad

n

t

Sardinia

Russian Upland

Great Hungarian Plain

N

c

Central

h

i

an

rr

d

Isl

The Alpine uplands

17

n

Ty

e

M

16

A

e

C

Balearic

EU AFR RASI ICA AN N P PLA LA T TE E

15

L

Po

p

Corsica

L

adalquiv ir Gu

S e a t

O

L E

T A

L P

R h ô ne

A

P

E

t

ro

Peninsula P

U

R

P

la

Carpathi

100m / 328ft

A

L

N

A

i es Dn

I

E

es N

A

st u

er

O

B

ins

ne

s

l

4807m

E

D v in a

nta

Massif Central

rn

ou

re

Eb

Iberian

Od

rz

nes Arden

e nn

Py

D ou ro

We

U

250m / 820ft

N

I

P

M

Garo

Bay of Biscay

H Vi

T

Lake Onega

Gulf of Riga

l

N L A

W

L

T A

UD

Ha

R

X A N D AU E N D S A T W L AC D an be L u P L O p Mt Blanc

X

A

be

O

e in

annel

e ein

A

Loire

N

Rh

S

El

in a

Lake Ladoga

i c

n

no

S

English C h

D

Bo

th

ni

I

H

A E

C O C I

T

D

N

L

a

B

The Fens am es

Th

A

N

Britain

500m / 1640ft

Dv

s

Jutland

er n

n

North Sea

Vättern

No r th

D

s te

A

C

S

S

2000m / 6562ft

i

L

T

A

3000m / 9843ft

a

Isles

n Sh a

A

Vänern

600

4000m / 13,124ft

t

A

N

H

500

1000m / 3281ft

N

A

I

V

E

I

400

n

British Ireland

D

N

600

Elevation

u

T

500

o

9

N

I

200 Miles

Map key

Kola Peninsula

A

200 Km 100

300

200

B a r e n t s S e a

White Sea

A

400

M

Shetland Islands

300

Ostrov Kolguyev

n

N

200 100

Miles

S

D

100

0

200 Miles

100

100

0

projection: Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area

200 Km

ö

H

G

Faroe Islands

er des i

0

l

L

N o r w e g i a n S e a

N

8

0

d

A

100

K

N

7

Km

l U r a

A IC E ER T M TE A A A PL H L RT P IAN O S N A R EU

an

K a r a S e a

nd

6

0

0

Scale 1:23,000,000

Novaya Zemlya

A

A

Icel

B

Volga Upla

4

D

0

50

0

50

E

D

100 Km 100 Miles

D Cross-section through the plateaux and lowlands showing the lower elevation of the ancient massifs.

F

G

H

I

J

K

0

100

0

100 Km 100

L

100 Miles

M

PHYSICAL EU ROPE P

Q

R

S

T

U

Climate

m Frost grips northern and eastern Europe during the long cold winters. Lakes and rivers frequently freeze.

Ar

V

cti

Europe experiences few extremes in either rainfall or temperature, with the exception of the far north and south. Along the west coast, the warm currents of the North Atlantic Drift moderate temperatures. Although east–west air movement is relatively unimpeded by relief, the Alpine Uplands halt the progress of north–south air masses, protecting most of the Mediterranean from cold, north winds.

Murmansk

Hamburg

Paris A Coruña

2

Kirov

Bordeaux Toulouse Madrid

Milan

Monaco

Sirocco

Rainfall

Kharkiv Astrakhan'

Simferopol' Bucharest Belgrade Sarajevo Sofia Constan√a

Naples Tirana

5

Istanbul Salonica

Cagliari

Rainfall

4

Rostov-na-Donu

Vienna Bratislava Bo Zagreb

Palma

Gibraltar

Warsaw

Munich

Messina

Sirocco

Average July temperature

Ufa

Minsk

Berlin

Barcelona

Climate

Athens

tundra subarctic cool continental warm humid mediterranean semi-arid

0–25 mm (0–1 in) 25–50 mm (1–2 in) 50–100 mm (2–4 in) 100–200 mm (4–8 in) 200–300 mm (8–12 in) 300–400 mm (12–16 in) 400–500 mm (16–20 in) more than 500 mm (20 in)

Arctic Circle 60° N

Average January rainfall

Average July rainfall

6

daily hours of sunshine, January daily hours of sunshine, July cold wind 7

hot wind

 Dusty Sirocco winds from Africa help create the semi-arid scrubland common across the Mediterranean coastlands of southern Europe.

40° N

Shaping the continent

Glaciation

Successive Ice Ages have left many relict landforms across Europe. Present glaciers continue to carve peaks and valleys in the northern Atlantic Highlands and Alpine Uplands. Tectonic activity, both past and present, has shaped southern Europe and Iceland. Active volcanoes and earthquakes still occur in Italy and Greece. Europe’s extensive coastline, particularly in the northwest, is constantly modified by wave action and fluvial deposits.

8

1 Valley glaciers, such as this one (left) in Iceland, form in hollows at the top of valleys and flow downwards, drawn by gravity. Their growth is dynamic; new snowfall constantly accumulates at the head of the glacier, while the snout melts, depositing material eroded and carried by the glacier.

Snow accumulates at the head of glacier

uplifting land stable land sinking land limestone region glacier

Glacier snout melts depositing eroded debris

active volcano

Glaciation: Development of a glacier

5 Spits are narrow bands of sand or shingle, formed by longshore drift; a process whereby waves carry material along the beach. They usually form where the coastline changes direction, and their growth is then halted by an opposing river current, as at Spurn Head, in the British Isles (left). Coastal features such as these are constantly being created and destroyed.

9

Landscape

Glacier movement erodes valley

Coastal processes

ocean current area of tectonic activity maximum limit of glaciation

The evolving landscape

10

River systems 2 Rivers are continuously transporting eroded material towards the sea. Slow-moving, lowgradient rivers, like this one in western Russia (above), deposit their alluvium load, infilling valleys creating a flood plain. Subsequent climatic and tectonic fluctuations may erode the flood plain to form terraces.

11

1 Terrace created by erosion

Flood plain

River systems: Formation of a flood plain and terraces

2

Waves breaking at an angle

12

River channel

Deposited alluvium

Original coastline

Opposing river current

Pechora

Archangel

Prague Zurich Lyon

1

Härnösand

Sveg

Brussels

le

irc

cC

Pajala Kajaani

Exeter London

40° N

Sand and shingle spit

Ar

Oslo Helsinki St Petersburg Dundee Malin Head Stockholm Tallinn Vestervig Gothenburg Morecambe Shannon Moscow Riga Malmö

Lisbon

m Mild temperatures and frequent rainfall contribute to the fertile farming land found over much of northwestern Europe.

Z

cti

Karasjok

Bergen

below -30°C (-22°F) -30 to -20°C (-22 to -4°F) -20 to -10°C (-4 to 14°F) -10 to 0°C (14 to 32°F) 0 to 10°C (32 to 50°F) 10 to 20°C (50 to 68°F) 20 to 30°C (68 to 86°F) above 30°C (86°F)

Average January temperature

Y

le

Hoyvík

Temperature

60° N

X

irc

Bodø

Temperature

Arctic Circle

cC

Reykjavík

W

ra

O

Mistral

N

5

13

Coastal processes: Formation of a spit

14

3

4

15

Stalagmites created by drips

Erosion and weathering 4 Much of Europe was once subjected to folding and faulting, exposing hard and soft rock layers. Subsequent erosion and weathering has worn away the softer strata, leaving up-ended layers of hard rock as in the French Pyrenees (above).

N

O

P

Exposed up-ended rocks

Outline of original folded strata

Soft rock

River flowing underground dissolves rocks and creates caves

Hard rock Fault line

Stalactites formed by seeping water

Folded rock strata

Erosion and weathering: Modification of a fold

Q

R

S

T

U

V

Weathering Underground cavern

Weathering: Formation of a cave

W

X

3 As surface water filters through permeable limestone, the rock dissolves to form underground caves, like Postojna in the Karst region of Slovenia (above). Stalactites grow downwards as limeenriched water seeps from roof fractures; stalagmites grow upwards where drips splash down.

Y

16

17

Z

87

EUROPE A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

Political Europe

1

The political boundaries of Europe have changed many times, especially during the 20th century in the aftermath of two world wars, the break-up of the empires of AustriaHungary, Nazi Germany and, towards the end of the century, the collapse of communism in eastern Europe. The fragmentation of Yugoslavia has again altered the political map of Europe, highlighting a trend towards nationalism and devolution. In contrast, economic federalism is growing. In 1958, the formation of the European Economic Community (now the European Union or EU) started a move towards economic and political union and increasing internal migration.

3

Population

5

m

Strait

k ar

Ar c ti cC irc le

De

4

n

Europe is a densely populated, urbanized continent; in Belgium over 90% of people live in urban areas. The highest population densities are found in an area stretching east from southern Britain and northern France, into Germany. The northern fringes are only sparsely populated.

m The Brandenburg Gate in Berlin is a potent symbol of German reunification. From 1961, the road beneath it ended in a wall, built to stop the flow of refugees to the West. It was opened again in 1989 when the wall was destroyed and East and West Germany were reunited.

REYKJAVÍK

ICELAND

Y

Murmansk

N

A

m Demand for space in densely populated European cities like London has led to the development of high-rise offices and urban sprawl. 6

E

Faroe Islands

W

N o r w e g i a n S e a

a ni Bo

th

D

Trondheim

of

A

Bergen

Orkney Islands

N

Stavanger Aberdeen Dundee

I

IRELAND

UNITE D

DUBLIN

Th

Groningen AMSTERDAM N ET H . THE HAGUE Bremen Rotterdam Nijmegen Antwerp Düsseldorf BELG

T

N L

A T

Bay of Biscay

Valencia

AL UG

RT

PO

Borders

Cádiz

Murcia

Ceuta

ne

nds

Cagliari

(to Spain)

Melilla

(to Spain)

M e

16

Scale 1:15,500,000 Km 0

0

Miles

17

100

200 100

300 200

400

500

600

300

d i t e r r

500

600

Naples

en

ia

n

Se

a

700

n

e

a

n

88

B

D

E

F

G

H

a

L

MALTA

I

KIEV

S L O VA K I A

LD

O

Cluj-Napoca CHIflINÂU

ROMANIA Bra§ov

BELGRADE

SE R B I A

MONTENEGRO TIRANA

BUCHAREST Da nube

Constan√a Ruse

BULGARIA

KOSOVO (disputed)

SOFIA PRISHTINË Stara Zagora

PODGORICA

SKOPJE

MACEDONIA

T

Salonica

ALBANIA

Aegean G REEC E S ea Piraeus

Catania

ATHENS

Ionian Sea Irákleio

Crete

Varna Burgas

Istanbul

u

Lárisa

Cosenza

VALLETTA

Dn iester

MO

Miskolc

H U N G A RY

Bari

U K R

Chernivtsi

BUDAPEST

SARAJEVO Mostar

S e a C

Homyel’

Brest

L’viv

Messina

Sicily

projection: Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area

A

WARSAW

Kraków

BOS. & HERZ.

Se

a

Palermo

700 400

c

h

(to UK)

Isla Balearic

B E L A RU S

Îód¶

BRATISLAVA Györ

Y

Málaga

Sardinia

rr

Gibraltar

full international border

Majorca Minorca

Palma

Ty

Ibiza

VATICAN CITY ROME

i

Córdoba

Barcelona

A

Seville

Country capital

Nice

Marseille

Corsica

S P A I N

10,000 to 50,000

Verona Po Genoa Bologna C ROAT I A Florence MONACO SAN Pisa MARINO Turin

MINSK Babruysk

ula

A LJUBLJANA SLOVE Trieste Venice ZAGREB

at

50,000 to 100,000

Zaragoza

Milan

T

100,000 to 500,000

MADRID

es

s AU S T R I A l p LIECHTENSTEIN

ri

Setúbal

Toulouse

ANDORRA LA VELLA ANDORRA

A

VILNIUS

Wrocîaw

Da n Salzburg ube VIENNA Innsbruck

I

LISBON

500,000 to 1 million

ne

SWITZERLAND

Vitsyebsk

P OL A N D

Ad

1 million to 5 million

Tagus

ro

above 5 million

Valladolid

ro

Eb

D ue

re

BERN

Rhô

Py

Zurich

Kaunas

VA

Bilbao

Population

Munich

Geneva Lyon

Poznaú

Vi st

CZECH REPUBLIC

Stuttgart

F R ANC E

L I T H UA N I A

PRAGUE

Nuremberg

Strasbourg

Limoges

Bydgoszcz

Dresden

Frankfurt am Main

LUXEMBOURG

Orléans

Bordeaux

Porto

Liège

L AT V I A

RIGA West er n D

Liepája

NI

A Coruña

Map key

15

Nantes Loir e

St-Nazaire

Hanover BERLIN

GERM ANY Leipzig

LUXEMBOURG

PARIS

Hamburg El b e

Bonn ine Rh

Rennes

13

14

Se e in

m Traditional lifestyles still persist in many remote and rural parts of Europe, especially in the south, east, and in the far north.

BRUSSELS

IUM

le Havre

i

RUSS. FED. (Kaliningrad) Kaliningrad Gdaúsk

O de r

A

a

English Channel

lt

a

B

E N G L A N D

m es LONDON Southampton

12

Malmö

Odense

Birmingham

WA L E S

Channel Islands

Ventspils

Helsingborg

COPENHAGEN

Sheffield

K INGD OM Cardiff

11

Gotland

Jönköping

DENMARK

Leeds

Liverpool Manchester

ESTONIA

a

10

Gothenburg Aalborg

Newcastle upon Tyne

Vättern

St Petersburg

v in

below 49 50–99 100–149 150–199 200–299 above 300

Belfast

Kristiansand

Lake Ladoga

HELSINKI TALLINN

STOCKHOLM

c

C

(people per sq km)

Nor th S ea

Edinburgh

NORTHERN IRELAND

S

Glasgow

Population density

Turku

Åland

Uppsala Örebro

Vänern

SCOTLAND

9

W

O

OSLO

Tampere

e a

C

Outer Hebrides

FINLAND

Gulf

E

O

E

Shetland Islands

S

7

R

N

(to Denmark)

r

POLITICAL EUROPE N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

 Overcoming natural barriers, the Brenner Autobahn, one of the main routes across the Alps, links Innsbruck in Austria with Verona in Italy.

U

V

W

Z

Transport

1

major roads and motorways major railways international borders transport intersections major international airports major ports

Reykjavík

Vorkuta

Murmansk

2

Novaya Zemlya

Archangel Trondheim Bergen Helsinki

Oslo Aberdeen Grangemouth

U

le irc cC c ti Ar

B are nts S ea

Liverpool Birmingham

London

Rotterdam Antwerp Brussels Frankfurt am Main

r

le Havre Paris

St-Nazaire

a

Strasbourg A Coruña

l

R U S S I A N

Archangel

Lisbon

Milan Genoa

Marseille

Gdaúsk

a

Innsbruck Trieste Ljubljana Zagreb Verona Bologna Belgrade

Odesa

u

Varna

Sofia

Istanbul Salonica

7

Athens

Transport

t

i

Kazan’

n

Nizhniy Novgorod

s

Ul’yanovsk

MOSCOW

Tol’yatti

Orenburg

Samara

z

h s t a n a k

Languages

K a

There are three main European language groups: Germanic languages predominate in central and northern Europe; Romance languages in western and Mediterranean Europe and Romania; while Slavic languages are spoken in eastern Europe and the Russian Federation. Isolated pockets of local languages, such as Basque and Gaelic, persist and frequently provide a focus for national identity.

Voronezh

Volgograd

Vol ga

S S

T

U

H ED ISH

S

SW

I S W E D

I M

O

K

A I G

E N O R W

SH

A

N

SH

LI

ADYGHE KARACHAY

BI AN

LI

R

YK

16

KUMYK CHECHEN AVAR LEZGHIAN OSSETIAN BALKAR

AN

S

IRI

ES

GU

Q

LM

BULGARIAN ALBANIAN MACEDONIAN TURKISH

N

P OR TU

A

P

ROMAN

I

R SE

SARDINIAN

I O

KA

KABARDIAN

HUNGARIAN

BOSNIAN

I

N CATALA

FRENCH/ CORSICAN

O VA K

SLOVENE CROATIAN

L

TALAN CA

U K R A I N I A N SL

G E R M A N

15

N

C H

ZE CH

BELORUSSIAN

A

BASQUE

N

MO

T A R A R BASHKIR N A I IN V D R

T

I

C

E

A

S PA N I S H

LITHUANIAN RUSSIAN LI PO

POLISH

14

MARI CHUVASH

S

R

U S

E

IS

13

UDMURT

KARELIAN

L AT VIAN

GERMAN

I T

 The architecture of the Grand Place lies at the heart of Brussels – home city to one of the EU headquarters.

LIC IAN

VEPS

R

DISH SWE ESTONIAN

H

FRENCH

F

y

DA N SIAN RI

T DU

BRETON

GA

G

N

EN

I

N

E

E

ELIA

C LI

E

Azerb

j ai

L I S H N G

Turkic Albanian Finno-Ugric/Samoyed Germanic Slavic Romance Basque H Baltic Celtic Greek Caucasian WELSH Iranian Mongol

FAROESE

N

H I S

G e org ia

e a

Language groups

a

F

e

F

I)

KAR

S

c k l a

(S

N

(annexed by Russia, 2014)

Groznyy

Caucasus

N

AM

N

Novorossiysk

Simferopol’

12

T LAPPISH

S

Crimea

Stavropol’

an

er

ie p

Sea of Azov

11

ICELANDIC

H

Rostov-na-Donu

Donets’k

C a s p i a n

Astrakhan’

Dnipropetrovs’k

GA E

A I N E

C

Kharkiv

ENG LIS H

Saratov

Dn

9

10

Tula

Odesa

8

Despite its fragmented geography and many natural frontiers, communications in Europe are well developed. Extensive motorway links allow rapid road transport, while high-speed rail connections like France’s TGV (Train à Grande Vitesse), and the Channel Tunnel have improved rail travel. Outdated communication infrastructures in parts of eastern Europe, and insufficient transport links across the Alps, however, remain weak parts of the network.

a

Yaroslavl’

N

6

n

F E D E R AT I O N Ufa

e

Novorossiysk

Bucharest Constanπa

Valletta

Vologda

k

5 Astrakhan’

Perm’

Kirov

B

Rostov-na-Donu

Bratislava Budapest

Piraeus

Lake Onega

Volgograd

Kharkiv Kiev

Gibraltar

Dvin

Brest

Prague

Rome Naples

Cádiz

Samara

Minsk

Berlin Warsaw Poznaú

Barcelona Valencia

Moscow

Kaliningrad Vilnius

o

ther n

Lyon

Madrid

M

N

or

Bern

Bordeaux Bilbao

Riga

Nuremberg Vienna Munich

Kirov

Nizhniy Novgorod

Helsingborg

Hamburg

Amsterdam

Southampton

Vologda

St Petersburg

Stockholm Tallinn

Gothenburg Newcastle upon Tyne Middlesbrough Copenhagen

Dublin

Vorkuta

White Sea

3

Perm’

Kara Sea

TA

MALTESE

17

GREEK

Y

Z

89

EUROPE A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

European resources

1

J

K

L

M

Standard of living Living standards in western Europe are among the highest in the world, although there is a growing sector of homeless, jobless people. Eastern Europeans have lower overall standards of living – a legacy of stagnated economies.

Europe’s large tracts of fertile, accessible land, combined with its generally temperate climate, have allowed a greater percentage of land to be used for agricultural purposes than in any other continent. Extensive coal and iron ore deposits were used to create steel and manufacturing industries during the 19th and 20th centuries. Today, although natural resources have been widely exploited, and heavy industry is of declining importance, the growth of hi-tech and service industries has enabled Europe to maintain its wealth.

3

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Standard of living (UN human development index)

low

high data not available

Industry Europe’s wealth was generated by the rise of industry and colonial exploitation during the 19th century. The mining of abundant natural resources made Europe the industrial centre of the world. Adaptation has been essential in the changing world economy, and a move to service-based industries has been widespread except in eastern Europe, where heavy industry still dominates.

4

5

 Skiing brings millions of tourists to the slopes each year, which means that even unproductive, marginal land is used to create wealth in the French, Swiss, Italian and Austrian Alps.

m Other power sources are becoming more attractive as fossil fuels run out; 16% of Europe’s electricity is now provided by hydro-electric power.

6

 Frankfurt am Main is an example of a modern service-based city. The skyline is dominated by headquarters from the worlds of banking and commerce.

m Countries like Hungary are still struggling to modernize inefficient factories left over from extensive, centrally-planned industrialization during the communist era.

7

Novaya Zemlya

Ostrov Kolguyev

8 Reykjavík

GNI per capita (US $)

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below 1999 2000–4999 5000–9999 10,000–19,999 20,000–24,999 above 25,000

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national parks

marine pollution

X

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risk of acid rain

heavy marine pollution

polluted rivers radioactive contamination

poor urban air quality

1

Fossil fuels are Europe’s main mineral resource, although fuel demand far outstrips production. Sizeable coal reserves remain in the Donbass in Ukraine, Germany’s Ruhr Valley and Poland. Oil and gas reserves are found mainly in the North Sea, the Volga Basin, and the Caucasus.

Barents Sea

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 The valuable oil and gas reserves in the North Sea were first discovered in the early 1960s, and are exploited by the UK, Denmark, Germany and Norway.

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Europe’s swelling urban population and the outward expansion of many cities has created acute competition for land. Despite this, European resourcefulness has maximized land potential, and over half of Europe’s land is still used for a wide variety of agricultural purposes. Land in northern Europe is used for cattle-rearing, pasture, and arable crops. Towards the Mediterranean, the mild climate allows the growing of grapes for wine; olives, sunflowers, tobacco and citrus fruits. EU subsidies, however, have resulted in massive overproduction and a land ‘set-aside’ policy has been introduced. a l U r

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m Bulgarian roses are one of the many diverse crops grown in Europe. Rose oil, extracted from the petals, is used in perfume making.

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major conurbations

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m Coniferous forest covers vast swathes of northern Scandinavia and the Russian Federation. Pollutants from other parts of Europe mixing with rainfall are causing defoliation and serious damage to many forests.

 The Camargue in the Rhône Delta, southern France, is a protected wetland area, famous for its native population of white horses, and unique bird and plant life.

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The partially enclosed waters of the Baltic and Mediterranean seas have become heavily polluted, while the Barents Sea is contaminated with spent nuclear fuel from Russia’s navy. During the later stages of the 20th Century acid rain caused by unchecked emissions from factories and power stations was actively destroying northern forests. However, since then international efforts to reduce pollution have brought significant improvements in many areas.

cattle goats pigs poultry reindeer sheep cereals citrus fruits cotton fishing fodder fruit olive oil potatoes rice root crops roses shellfish sunflowers timber tobacco vineyards

si

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Environmental issues

cropland forest ice cap mountain region pasture tundra wetland

5

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16 Istanbul

M e d i t e r r a n e a n N

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m Lowland pastures are used for dairy farming. Good transport links and refrigeration allow fresh milk to be distributed throughout Europe.

Athens

17

S e a U

V

W

X

Y

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91

m On the coast of Sjælland, these cliffs have been eroded by the sea, exposing layers of chalk and limestone.

40

60 80 60

100 120 80

140 100

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A

fishing pigs reindeer sheep cereals timber

0

50

60

70

90

rural 23%

80

473,970 sq miles (1,227,610 sq km)

40

51 people per sq mile (20 people per sq km)

30

Total land area

20

Population density

10

urban 77%

100

pasture cropland forest mountain region tundra

capital cities major towns

Land use and agricultural distribution

RMA

B

The urban/rural population divide

GE

6

5

4

3

13

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HELSINKI

Tampere Turku

1

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F I N L AN D

STOCKHOLM Linköping Gothenburg

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N

N

DEN M ARK COPENHAGEN Malmö

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EA

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GR

The cold climate, short growing season, poorly developed soil, steep slopes, and exposure to high winds across northern regions means that most agriculture is concentrated, with the population, in the south. Most of Finland and much of Norway and Sweden are covered by dense forests of pine, spruce and birch, which supply the timber industries. C OCEAN AR

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Kapp Mohn re te t Eidsvollfjellet riertoppen 145 st 1717m S VA L B A R D s e n nd Kapp Mitra 1m r ik a Abeløya ) y a w ( r t o o N Fuglehuken Newtontoppen 1717m k E arls L i r K E Kongsøya S p i t s b e r g e n Wilhelmøya Kong Prins Svanbergfjellet 961 Olav V øya Karls m Kapp Bessels lg a Svensk Oscar II Land Forland str Barentsøya ete Land fjordenSabine t Is Longyearbyen Kapp Heuglin Land Salpynten Barentsburg Nordenskiold Revnosa Lan Sveagruva d Heer Lågneset Edgeøya Nathorst Bell sund Land Land Wedel Jarlsberg Torell Negerpynten Land Land Tj Tusenøyane

R SE EN A T

BA

(same scale as main map)

N

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Miles projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

0

0 20 40 60 80 100

Km

SCALE 1:8,000,000

Vardø Lebesby má Ruostefielb erhalvøya g iberg d n Leaibevuotna or K a Ifj Var otn Skáidi Varangerb Vadsø u Br na Ta Børselv Vara nge r fjo rde n át kobselv Polmak ynes iss Grense-Ja Bugø á Lakselv ka s joh va ne av ke ki Le a ir i Alt sjo K ki atn ok Ut Âohkará##a Patoniva öjo Neiden Bjørnev Alt ae 1139m äm i l Iešjarvi ät Sevettijärv vo Ke ä N Válljohka

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 Finland’s landscape was fashioned by ice action. Glaciers gouged out its distinctive shallow lake basins, such as Oulujärvi, and left debris called moraines in their wake.

120

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13

m The fjords on the western coast of Norway were once gentle river valleys. Their deep floors and steep sides were carved out by glaciers during the last Ice Age, and they were later flooded by the sea.

Sjælland coast

Slower rates of uplift 0.1 in/yr (3 mm/yr)

Oulujärvi

20

40

projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

Miles

0

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Kvaløya Storslett Tromsø Riehppegáisá FINNMARK i Karigasniem jok gen Lyngseidet 1337m n da Karas ka) a l Ma #joh Fagernes vid ks (Kárá Skibotn r Senja Gibostad a Kaamanen TROMS m Gryllefjord Andenes Finnsnes Sørreisa Storsteinnes Halti # Andøya rá arijärvi 1328m Ká Inari In Stonglandseidet Moen Skjold Risøyhamn no kei Nellim Andselv uto sjärvi Ka Kilpi o ) sfj Myre 122 (Guovdageaidnu Våg MenesjärviIvalo Setermoen Area of Harstad Langøya Njunis 1717 m iselkä ar i Sa maximum Sortland äm k Borkenes o jo ää Altevatnet Stokmarknes Bjerkvik yearly uplift al lve Kaaresuvanto ontekiö Hinnøya n En Melbu 0.3 in/yr ma Saariselkä uo Narvik tov Lødingen Pel tfj o Riksgränsen Austvågøya Karesuando O fo rden Pokka (9 mm/yr) Vuotso Vestvågøya Svolvær Abisko Torneträsk Ballangen n ki Stamsund Lokan Porttipahdarvi Leknes Övre Soppero Storriten e n Kjøpsvik Tekojä Muonio rvi Tekojärvi stt 1503m rd isjä Jer a o Lokka Drag sjo j Kiistala hk Jukkasjärvi Muodoslompolo Kebnekaise stf a Sirkka Petkula o 2117m V e Nordfold Tanhua Martti Kiruna Kalixfors Kittilä Tepsa To Akkajaure Sattanen en r a on uk angi n Ka Vitt d i Bonåsjøen eä Stortoppen 2015m Fol Savukosk T lv e Fjällåsen m Scandinavia is still Sodankylä ti Masugnsbyn en Saija a Äkäsjokisuu Akka (Áhkká) Sarektjåhkkå 2089m n nen n iö otal Sa jok K recovering from the Skaulo Junosuando Kolari S a ltf j or i de n Bodø n Lulevatte i Stora Unar i Lohiniva Virihaure em last Ice Age, when ice ä ni ala lk en Saltstraumen Paj Fauske Pelkos Kellose Malmberget Sieppijärvi Skjerstad Tärendö Suliskongen 1913m depressed the land by Salla Circle LAPPI Sulitjelma Inndyr Leipojärvi Arctic Meltaus Rognan Gällivare i Kainulasjärvi Orajärvi 2000 ft (600 m). This Joutsijärv i rv Kvikkjokk o ijä Porjus bol NOR i lom DLA em rpi rv ND K Ko Ørnes Hakkas Hautajä gradual uplift is known Pello Skalka Glomfjord Sinettä Vikajärvi Kemijärvi Nattavaara as isostatic rebound. Arctic Circl Snøtinden Rantajärvi anujärvi Saarenkylä n Ra e e 1594m ua us ure v la s Randija Lu Lansjär Turto Jock ti Oikarainen ar Rovaniemi tikoski Jokkmokk Sv Kemijoki Pirt io itka Muurola Nasafjellet 1211m -Pos å ek Posio Yli-K samo rä ne Murj s or Pe au Övert Vuollerim Mo i Rana Nark Ylitornio Kuu Storforshei m Si ojärviäntyjärvi alix erk Öv M Nesna NORRBOTTEN Hemnesberget ki lo Tervola Lakaträsk Nuupas Hedenäset ijo iva Muojärvi Hornavan Korgen Karunki m K im Kåbdalis Harads Morjärv Kuloharju Laisvall Överuman S Sandnessjøen rungi Ka Oksskolten Arjeplog Ranua rtovaara el u mis aa Nie io M Ammarn rn nm äs lix e To mi Ka Tör Ke 1916m

Halti mountain is Finland’s highest point, at 4356 ft (1328 m).

Km

Scale 1:5,000,000 0 10 20

1512m

E L

L A N T I C

Vestmannaeyjar 1666m Heimaey Surtsey

nk

12

Fjords

Geysers are a by-product of Iceland’s volcanic activity. Geysir, Iceland’s largest spring, gives them their name.

The Lofoten Islands were one of the first areas exposed as the ice sheet melted.

De

Lapland, north of the Arctic Circle, is an area of undulating fells and plains known as tundra. The subsoil is permanently frozen and therefore impermeable. There are many peat bogs. Pools reappear in the summer when the surface thaws.

C

o

11

10

9

8

7

6

Glaciers up to 10,000 ft (3000 m) deep covered most of Scandinavia and Finland during the last Ice Age. The effects of glaciation mark the entire landscape, from the mountains to the lowlands, across the tundra landscape of Lapland, and the lake districts of Sweden and Finland.

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Jutting into the Arctic Circle, this northern swathe of Europe has some of the continent’s harshest environments, but benefits from great reserves of oil, gas and natural evergreen forests. While most early settlers came from the south, migrants to Finland came from the east, giving it a distinct language and culture. Since the late 19th century, the Scandinavian states have developed strong egalitarian traditions. Today, their welfare benefits systems are among the most extensive in the world, and standards of living are high. The Lapps, or Sami, maintain their traditional lifestyle in the northern regions of Norway, Sweden and Finland.

D E N M A R K , N O R WAY, S W E D E N , F I N L A N D , I C E L A N D

Raufarhöfn

D G R E E N L A N Grímsey S E A

Kópasker Drangajökull Bolungarvík ard flói 925m jú Suðureyri Siglufjörður kka p Þórshöfn BaBakkafjörður Ólafsfjörður Norðu Flateyri rfjörður Ísafjörður Húsavík Grenivík ur Hún afl ó i Hofsós Þingeyri NORÐURLAND afjörð Dalvík Skagaströnd Vopn Bíldudalur VESTFIRÐIR EYSTRA ður Sauðárkrókur afjör Vopn G Drangsnes Tálknafjörður lám Svalbarðseyri a Hólmavík Vorðufell Blönduós Reykjahlíð Patreksfjörður Bakkagerði Varmahlið 1356m Akureyri Bjargtangar Mÿvatn Reykhólar Hvammstangi r u ð ör ök j J f a ð i B re Herðubreið Seydhisfjörður vö 1682m Borðeyri Laugarbakki Egilsstaðir tn Neskaupstaður Lagarfljót Stykkishólmur n Eskifjörður NORÐURLAND u Búðardalur ra arfjörður Reyð h Grundarfjörður l Ólafsvík VESTRA kul ða Fáskrúðsfjörður Snæfellsjökull VESTURLAND dá 1446m Ó Breiðdalsvík Eiríksjökull Bárðarbunga Djúpivogur 1675m k 2009m jö k u l l Papey ö g j Borgarnes a n n Snækollur La a t AUSTURLAND tá Faxaflói HÖFUÐBORGARSVÆÐIÐ 1477m V Akranes Þingvellir Þórisvatn REYKJAVÍK Mosfellsbær G e y s i r Höfn Hafnarfjörður Kópavogur Laugarvatn SUÐURLAND Hvannadalshnjúkur Sandgerði 2119m Hverag s erði r Hekla Þ Keflavík Vogar jó Selfoss 1491m Keflavik Hella Kirkjubæjarklaustur ur Grindavík Þorlákshöfn Stokkseyri sand SUÐURNES rár alsHvolsvöllur rd ull iða e k Katla k Eyjafjallajökull

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Map key

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Sävar lsøra fjor Kälviä Toho based products. The Holmön Lieksa eby) ms vaara arl Levanger Tor i (K ta i e rön s au Vännä lm e r R sa Ihä Solberg Hitra Strömsund Smøla e Py Umeå Ängesön obstad Tourism provides some with an KESK Pie dh Pyhajärvi i traditional movement Junsele JÄMTLAND Jak on line ti Obbola Holmsund HJANMAA Iisalm Långviksmon n Lapinlah Tr extra source of income. (Pietarsaari) Kaustinen POHalsua Lestijärvi Kallsjön Juuka Hammerdal of logs by floating O li Kyrkseterø Trondheim udas fors o V ip Hörne A K ht Kristians Kall IS Pi Stj -S ND y ørd VÄSTERNORRLA JO IS leb ra als JO Nykar und Åre POH Nordmaling Hommelvikhalsen Ånn Björna Nilsiä koski Kubbe Pielavesii POH them down rivers has Ramsele Orkanger A rvi Kinnula L TEN ijä OT Ev He JA ERB an es R im ÖST Hägge Ju av da A nås Bredbyn l vi K Piel MØRE O Näsåker Gottne Rundvik Melhus Perho a Järpen Krokom Storlien Kaavi Polvijär now been largely Oravais Alahärmä Maanink ärvi G lahti Kivijärvi Løkken tsi Enafors Replot mpeli Husum Skorped Kontiono an Maxmo R Siilinj Iloman Kuopio Lappajärvi ViLa replaced by the Östersund E Støren Storsylen ppajärvi rvi Viitasaari älv Bjästa ) Molde OMSDAL aari svik stas Örnsköld (Mu Långsele o lm Korsho Kyyjä Kannonkoski Terv ara 1762m u en Brattvåg Vestn Kauhava Storsjön use of trucks. Joensu Tuupova u p es Langfjorden ua rvi rö m u Docksta äky ajä Lap Sollefteå k Hammarstrand Al Väh Myrviken Ålesund Outo Trollheimen Helagsfjället 1796m Bollstabruk Hackås Kälarne Vaasa (Vasa) allavesi i Pyhäselkä maslahti ro K a sta Bispgården er ul Yli ip rst L Sjøholt Ka SØ R-TRØNDEL ki Ham pi Kuortane Kramfors Malax Laihia Gällö Sykkylve AG Suonenjo Rautalamti ÅndalsnesSunndalsøra Oppdal L ju ta i i n Bräcke Leppävir nga Saarijärvi Suolah Seinäjoki ETELÄHeinäves Tohmajärv n Pörtom Liden Viksjö aa koski i us uk ne lm La si ka Ää AA Svens i sa M ar l tavik ve tär ka V l Äh Funäsdalen HJAN Ori Han Røros rtsilä IØrsta Stranda PO ä e ka SK rik V j KE Ku Härnösand V f Indal olda Måløy l e Snøhetta 2286 nta mäki s Alby Ånge Fränsta v e n m vr Vemdalen Rätan Kitee Multia SUOMI i Pieksä Jalasjärvi Alavu Savonrai Söråker Tännäs Tynset Närpes (Närpiö) Joroinen Nordfjo Do Petäjäves nonkosk Teuva Kauhajoki rdeid Ljung Stöde Timrå Hede ä Haukivesi Elm Keuruu Haverö yl i t Femunden sk rra i äk n vä Rog Vi a kine Jy en älahti im Kas n Dombås i Ker n ori Rantasa ruvesi Kes järvi Alvdal Kihniö Haapamäk Matfors Sundsvall Lappfjärd Florø Haukivu nna P u Sandan Nordfjord lsbree Ytterhogdal Pyhä Kristinestad e Savonli gasniemi Korpilahti a an a rvi ju a K Ka Ramsjö ul Lins ar ell d lpp Njurundabommen Rondslottet va Isojoki Parkano Vi nkah te Mänttä Jämsänkoski 2178m Älvros Glittertind Puula Ju -SAVO Pu lajavesi Hassela Jos Population an Gnarp Ruovesi Näsijärvi Päijänne Pih 2472m ala Sveg D ETELÄ keli Kårböle Otta Førde e Honkajoki Kuru Parikk Askvoll ale Idre Joutsa ik va M ta l) O Lillh sä ärda en he m 1 million to 5 million l Jä SOGN O Siikain Mic a kt AA Øst al reh M via an Ga ogn m ikar (S G ld AN u a Vi Mer la 118 Ljusdal hø u J 4m nstra P pi PIRK GF vi u Harto Delsbo 2469m ggen Särna Rautjär Storsjøen Kankaanpää Ikaalinen Hämeenkyrö nen Ristiina tyharju Høyange Sogndalsfj JORDANE o t Hudiksvall oi Ri 500,000 to 1 million hm si ng ive Ku Los eb Or u øra un Män r atra smä A Lavik Koppang SATAKUNTA Lavia Ylöjärvi ARJAL Im e rd Hornslandet h re IJÄTSy- Kuortti pe TELÄ-KSaimaa 100,000 to 500,000 am Noormarkku al E T kia Herman Øvre Årdal e i OPP No S o g nef j o r GÄVL EBOR PÄ HE G DMARK Pori o sverk m e LAND Pihlava i Pirkkala den Vikøyr Pälkäne Padasjoki Heinola taipale Joutsen Arbrå i Lærdal n ok Trysil 50,000 to 100,000 Saimaa vi Ulvila K o k e m ä e n j Vammala søyri Voxna lkeakoski HÄME ikkala Jaala Sa ppeenranta Canal Va Bollnäs As Rena La Lillehammer Harjavalta Älvdalen Sälen L j u s n a Söderhamn Alfta äälä Toijala Lammi i mp 10,000 to 50,000 Le ht a La n al i Fagernes la ala Eurajok Valke Furudal D Nastoki nen Rauma Hollola Ljusne Vainikk Orsa os Eura Huitti Hämeenlinna Bergen ale HOVoss Moelv Kouvola Dokka below 10,000 ski Turenki Kuusank Lingbo a ko til ly TA at yl R N Mora m M D KA Ori ski Höljes Nesttu Gol Elverum Vaksdal ALAND Kärkölä n Anjalanko Vaalimaa Humppila Renko Limedsforsen i l Norrsundet Hamar Laitila Eidfjord ti j a n Rättvik Ockelbo E ah Gj Flesland ol øv Norhei ÄM ir ik H V a Elevation Randsfjorde Yläne Loimaa Forss msund K i MäntsäläPyhtää Uusikaupunki n Leksand Malung insarvik d d a Geilo Hamina Somero Riihimäk Flisa inkää SIMAA g i BUSKER en Mynämäki Gävle Aura Karkkila Hyv Kotka UU rv UD dal Brandbu rd ä Sandviken Falun pä M a jøs is en e o vi a rv SO Jä K j g Skutskär f Odda Vansbro Taivassalo TurkPaiumi(Åo bo) Vihti Kerava Sibbo PoLorvoo KYMENLAA er Borlänge 2000m / 6562ft Leirvik an Eidsvoll Jevnaker Naantali Stöllet Hofors ng rd a Gräsö GFORS) Hønefo Daläl Skarnes Björbo Nummela Vanta Vantaa da Salo Kaarina Ha (HELSIN Geta Tyrifjordenss Tierp ar Husnes rniö Lohja Espoo 1000m / 3281ft Pe DAL ) ARN H Ko Ga nen A ng Säter rai d rde svi (Pa Ålan rmoen nger Rjukan Gausta Vikersund Hau Kimito Storby Hammarland Pargas Östhammar Fredriksberg Ølen to OSL Jesshe U S Sauda keligrend Ludvika Hedemora Tärnsjö Kirkkonummi 1881m ppen Pohja Karis Hauges im Torsby Hag ISINA d RS arlan 500m / 1640ft VA Sa Lump nd fors u n gå vik n Avesta In Grissleham Lillestrøm Karm d Møsvatn Hokksund Askea D Charlottenberg et D SUOMI Dalsbruk Ekenäs Fagersta Mariehamn Koper øy ANHeby UPPSALA ROGAL rammen r Ski L N a) 250m / 820ft Ko amin T Kopp Utsira vik arberg ELEMAR ngsberg AND (Maarianh ) VÄRMLAND Skuden Uppsala Hanko (Hangö MA Sala K Drøbak n Arvika Filipstad eshavn Dalen Notodden ST Ramnäs Hjelmel Hälle de fors Rimbo Norrtälje r As Ä kim o Bø 100m / 328ft and Enköping e s fj Tau Kapellskär Horten Lindesberg V Nisser Ørje Arlanda S k u d n So Kil Forshaga Västerås Norsjø la Moss F O Nora Årjäng Bålsta Täby STOCKHOLM Köping Tønsbe sea level Skien L Sola SSatavange Ka D rlst rg ad n e Åkersberga ÖREBRO r ndnes Mälar Sollentuna Po Sarpsbor Grums Karlskoga Arboga Eskilstuna Dranged rsgrunn Vaxholm al Fredrikstadg Öreb Bryne ro Kristinehamn Sa nd ef La jo Ålgård rd rvik Strängnäs Säffle Degerfors Halden Hjälmaren SÖD VESTKragerø n Åmål ER Södertälje Tumba rde AUST-A Skagern Hallsberg MA lofjo Strömsta s Egersu O A Ed G Flen G D D ER d ER nd Norway derives its premier industry, the production of oil and gas, from NL Gnesta Västerhaninge Laxå Evje Risør Moi Nynäshamn ern KatrineholmAN Askersund n Tvedestra Flekkef ä the North Sea, while Denmark exploits its own oil and gas reserves. V Liknes jord Arendal nd Mellerud Nyköping Mariestad The transport network Töreboda Finspång Grim Vennesla Farsun Munkedal Hydro-electric power is a major industry, particularly in Sweden and Oxelösund Birkeland stad Motala d Lidköping Karlsborg Göta Ka Norrköping Uddevalla 226,735 miles nal Lindesn Vänersborg Skara Tibro Roxen K Lysekil Iceland. Timber processing remains significant in Finland and Sweden, but Söderköping es (364,936 km) Mandal ristiansand Skövde Trollhättan Mjölby Linköping Falköping Tid metal and engineering industries are increasingly important. In Iceland, aholm Lilla Edet ÖSTERGÖTLAND 2042 miles Ödeshög Vårgårda VÄ Åtvidaberg Valdemarsvik (3286 km) STRA Gränna fish products are the main source of export earnings. AN Tranås Kisa Kungälv Alingsås OCE GÖTALAND Skagen IC G öt eb Ulr or iceh Gamleby g am n Hirtshals CT Sommen 13,704 miles d Fårösun Gotland (Gothenburg) R Lerum Jönköping A (22,057 km) Hjørring Västervik GR LandvetterBorås Mölnda Vimmerby EENL Nässjö Eksjö AND SEA Kungsbackal Kinna Tranemo Slite Visby JÖN Brønderslev Sæby Frederikshav KÖPING KALMAR 6,661 miles n Narvik Hanstho Vaggeryd Vetlanda Hultsfred lm (10,721 km) GOTLAND Fjerritsle Aabybro Gislaved v Thisted Klintehamn Ljugarn Læ Kristdala sø N ør ICE L AN D resundby Løgstør Virserum Oskarshamn Rovaniemi REYKJAVÍK Värnamo Varberg Byxelkrok Although roads now reach Hemse Nykøbin Limfjorde Aalborg Högsby g n N Hyltebruk Smålandsstenar Lammhult most areas, the railways are Falkenberg Luleå Kemi Mönsterås Aars EA Burgsvik HALLAND Hadsund Lenhovda Alvesta markedly less developed. Much Lemvig AT OC Oskarström SkivHeobro Anholt Bolmen LANTIC Väx Borgholm jö of the north is not served by rail R Struer Oulu Ljungby Lessebo Nybro O Viborg Ran Halmstad N and must rely on air and sea Holsteb Öland ders KRONOBERG ro Grenaa services for long distance travel Trondheim Kalmar SWEDEN Älm Umeå hult Åsnen Major industry Laholm Emmaboda Ringkøb Rønde Båstad F I N L AN D Markaryd ing Tingsryd and freight transportation. Silkeborg Mörbylånga H and infrastructure Ebeltoft Skje erning Skanderb Osby Olofström Ängelholm Ringkøb Sk or ing Fjordrn g Tampere jern Århus NORWAY Höganäs Å Klippan KarlshamnBLEKINGE car manufacture Bergen He Grindsted Yding Skovhøj Horse Hässleholm Ronneby Karls ns Samsø Hundested lsingør He Turku lsin engineering gbo rg krona 17 Sölv Hi esborg llerød HELSINKI Varde Billund Vejle 3m OSLO Uppsala Blåvand Kristianstad Landskrona KØBENHAVFrNederikssund fish processing s Huk Stavanger (COPENHAGE Hörby Åhus Kalu hydro-electric power Esl STOCKHOLM Örebro Esbjerg Kolding Fredericia ndborg Holbæk N) Lund öv SKÅNË Hanöbukten nuclear power Vejen Middelfa Ro Linköping rt Ribe Sjöbo Sjælla skilde Kastrup oil & gas Haderslev Odense Slagelse nd Sim M rish Gothenburg al amn Kø A m ss ö ge ens Nybor timber processing Rømø Jönköping  The use of geothermal power in g Tom elilla Svedala Sorø Ringsted Fyn Aalborg Yst Aabenra Næstved Iceland began half a century ago. capital cities Trelleborg ad a DEN M ARK Stevns Tønder Fa Sandvig ab major towns Malmö Today geothermal power stations or COPENHAGEN Kli g Sv nt bæ en Vordingbor dborg lt A international airports Odense supply 89% of the country’s g Svaneke B Røn Sønderbo Nakskov ne Mø 100 n major roads rg domestic heating requirements. Maribo G Nykøbing Bornholm major industrial areas ERMA NY Feme Lolland rn Rødbyhav Falster B n Gedser G A H I J K L M N O P Q

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E U R O P E : S C A N D I N AV I A , F I N L A N D & I C E L A N D

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m In Norway winters are longer and colder inland than in coastal areas, where the warm current of the North Atlantic Drift moderates the climate.

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cattle pigs sheep cereals fodder root crops timber

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Ar o h a v e t

173,487 sq miles (456,564 sq km)

E SFrøya

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Total land area

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112 people per sq mile (43 people per sq km)

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capital cities major towns

Land use and agricultural distribution

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The urban/rural population divide

Acid rain, caused by industrial pollution carried north from elsewhere in Europe, harms plant and animal life in Scandinavian forests and lakes. The region’s surface rocks lack lime to neutralize the acid, so making the problem more serious.

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Olden

Sea level

Erosion by glaciers deepened existing river valleys

Southern Scandinavia, with the exception of Norway, has a flatter terrain than the rest of the region. Denmark and southern Sweden are both extensions of the North European Plain. In this area, because of glacial deposition rather than erosion, the soils are deeper and more fertile.

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m Sognefjorden is the deepest of Norway’s many fjords. It drops to 4291 ft (1308 m) below sea level.

Sognefjorden

 In the past, glaciers such as this one in Olden, Norway, were much larger. Today, many are retreating to yield the spectacular glacial scenery.

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Distinctive low ridges, called eskers, are found across southern Sweden. They are formed from sand and gravel deposits left by retreating glaciers.

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Population

Map key

The lakes of southern Sweden remain from a period when the land was completely flooded. As the ice which covered the area melted, the land rose, leaving lakes in shallow, ice-scoured depressions. Sweden has over 90,000 lakes.

m Limestone pillars eroded by the sea dot the coast of Gotland and surrounding islands.

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Gulf of Bothnia

Vänern in Sweden is the largest lake in Scandinavia. It covers an area of 2080 sq miles (5390 sq km).

projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

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Old valley floor

When the ice retreated the valley was flooded by the sea

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The peak of Glittertind in the Jotunheimen mountains is 8110 ft (2472 m) high.

Denmark’s flat and fertile soils are formed on glacial deposits between 100–160 ft (30–50 m) deep.

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Agriculture in southern Scandinavia is highly mechanized although farms are small. Denmark is the most intensively farmed country and its western pastureland is used mainly for pig farming. Cereal crops including wheat, barley and oats, predominate in eastern Denmark and in the far south of Sweden. Southern Norway and Sweden have large tracts of forest which are exploited for logging.

Using the land

Scandinavia’s economic and political hub is the more habitable and accessible southern region. Many of the area’s major cities are on the southern coasts, including Oslo and Stockholm, the capitals of Norway and Sweden. In Denmark, most of the population and the capital, Copenhagen, are located on its many islands. A cultural unity links the three Scandinavian countries. Their main languages, Danish, Swedish and Norwegian, are mutually intelligible, and they all retain their monarchies, although the parliaments have legislative control.

S O U T H E R N N O R WAY, S O U T H E R N S W E D E N , D E N M A R K

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Har Eina ik Salhus Ulvik Nesbyen Skreia Geilo Hol Järna Djura Flisa Vaksdal Indre d an g Älvkarleby Hofors Storv Storsjön Gagnef Falun e r j ø ku l Ålvik jorden Ytre Arna Årsunda Vansbro en f Mjøsa Mockfjärd Eidfjord Tunhovdfjorden i n g d Sper illen Långshyttan Torsåker Gräsö Nesttun Espeland TysseØystese den Eid ge da Borlän esun a Hed D Söderfors alälven Äppelbo r Nås l Kinsarvik Flesland Kirkenær Björbo Norheimsund r fjo Brandbu Öregrund Stöllet Tierp Hedesundafjärden e Hardanger Sotra hammar 14 Säter Öst Hjellestad Idkerberget Hurdalsjøen Høgevarde Har e FI N LA N D Dannemora Horndal Gysing danger v idda Eidsvoll 1459m Harg Vikmanshyttan Nyhammar Örbyhus Roa Brandval Östmark B j ø Osøyro Rødberg n Hedemora k Gimo Råholt ham a bru Skarnes rvål ssle erby de Bjorn Öste Gri Öst Grangär esfjor den Jevnaker r n a f j o rd e n Hårteigen Dal Krøderen Tärnsjö Avesta Tyssedal 1690m Hønefoss Fredriksberg Ludvika Kongsvinger Tämnaren Gardermoen Mår Smedjebacken Hallstavik Tysnesøya Odda Jessheim av Krøderen Alunda Björklinge rg Grängesberg Norbe n N e Möklinta u Torsby Övre Kløfta Bjørkød Rotnes Årnes Hagfors r o rvreta Fagersta Tyrifjorden Sto j Fryken f S Slattum s Arholma bro Eds n Hörken OSLO erg Heby elsb Sala Äng Fitjar Hu Vikersun sne S elb j ø r d s Lillestrøm Lesjöfors Miland Su Vittinge d Vätö Kopparberg Uppsala Geithus Røldal Sørumsand Magnor Møsvatnet Bømlo Lei n n h o r d l a n Erken rvik RjukanTinnsjå Norrtälje Fetsund Bjørkelangen Sunnersta Rimbo Åmot Sandvika Vassdalsegga 15 en Nordmark d r Asker Charlottenberg o berg Kapellskär j Skinnskatte Lierbyen Knivsta 1658m Sunne Munkfors Ramnäs Gaustatoppen Kolbotn Øyeren Skånevik Örsundsbro l af Haukeligrend Hällefors Hokksund Røyken Bergshamra Åmotfors 1881m MellanEkoln Arlanda Storå øm ö Etne Raulan Mjøndal Blid Filipstad d en Sauda Ølen Fryken Tinnoset Surahammar Tillberga Sigtuna Märsta Drøbak Ski Totak Kongsberg Drammen Ljusterö Enköping s Koppom Grythyttan terå M Väs OL H Deje CK Molkom Eikeren O Ås Åmot Spydeberg Arvika Nykroppa Bålsta ST Suldalsvatnet Vallentuna Svelvik Sand Hallstahammar Notodden Haugesund Tofte Askim Storfors rsberga Möja Lindesberg Glafsfjorden Sande Upplands-Väsby Köping Kolbäck Forshaga Täby Åke Töcksfors Vaxholm Frövi Sollentuna fylke Avaldsnes Hvittingfoss Mysen Nora Son y o Tumb älla R Torsh Kil Lidingö na Sol Vedavågen en Dalen Stora Gla lar Ørje Mä Holmestrand a Arbog Skattkärr Moss Kungsör Arbogaån Sundbyberg Rakkestad Foxen Årjäng Kviteseid Bø Horten Koper vik Vålberg Utsira Strängnäs 16 Åsgårdstrand Rygge Saltsjöbaden Huddinge Karlstad Kristinehamn Eskilstuna Grums Garphyttan Karmøy Åkrahamn n m Shipbuilding in Handen a Tumba Lunde VESTFO Karlskog LD e Nisser Valle Norsjø n Skoghall n Skudeneshavn d Råde Hjel mela Västra Silen e r nd rs r Dalarö äs Degerfo o Hälleforsn Örebro jälma Ulefoss Sarpsborg Södertälje Gothenburg has Skien Tønsberg Björneborg esfj Fjugesta Svanskog H Fyresvatn Västerhaninge Malmköping Järna S ku dn Nøtterøy Porsgrunn la declined in recent years Kum Tau Jørpeland sta Halden Fredrikstad Gne Säffle Randaberg Muskö Ornö Bäckhammar Svartå en Herre Pålsboda Vingåker Flen Hallsberg as manufacturers in ysefjord Tananger Ösmo Drangedal Nedre Tokke Brevik Sandefjord Sparreholm Stora Le Lelång Utö StavangLer Tvietsund Skagern Åmål Vretstorp Katrineholm Vagnhärad Stathelle Larvik Sola Kjerkøy other sectors have come Bengtsfors Gullspång Hommersåk Langesund Sola Laxå ANLAND Trosa Nynäshamn RM Billingsfors DE Kornsjø SÖ Sandnes to the fore. One of these su Stavern Gjerstad en Tisnar Askersund Klepp Bettna Stigtomta nd Dals Långed Strömstad Tystberga Bygland Hova s fjo is the car firm, Volvo, Kragerø 17 Yngaren Ed Vegår Rejmyre Knaben rd e n Bryne Ålgård Unden ne Bäckefors a major employer öping Nyk ä Nærbø Finspång Åby Dalbosjön V Sirdalsvannet Tonstad Varhaug Risør Oxelösund in Gothenburg. Mariestad Grebbestad n Åseral Krokek Byglandsfjord Glan Töreboda Vigrestad Mellerud Lyngør Evje Skärblacka Norrköping Bråv iken Moholm Tvedestrand Borensberg Moi Färgelanda Viken Egersund D G ö t a k an a l Eydehavn Motala Brålanda a Arkösund lane FAROE Götene Karlsborg Ljungsbro Roxen Saltrød Gotska Sandön Söderköping Lidköping Munkedal Lundevatnet a Vadsten ISLANDS g Arendal öpin Kunoy Bordhoy Link Hunnebostrand Hauge Liknes Skänninge Tibro Fevik Fugloy Kalsoy Vänersborg slätt Malm (to Denmark) Skövde Kungshamn 18 Flekkefjord Skara Mjölby Grimstad Uddevalla Vennesla Gusum Vargön Grästorp Hjo Birkeland n Streymoy Svínoy Stenstorp Vara marsvik Lysekil Li stafjordeLyngda Mosby Lillesand Åtvidaberg Valde Trollhättan Klaksvík l Ljungskile Tidaholm Boxholm Ödeshög Vestmanna Lista Falköping um Faler Nossebro rsa Rimfo Søgn Orust Holmudden e Eysturoy Sommen Kristiansand Vanse Farsund Lilla Edet Mykines Stenungsund Tranås Åsunden Herrljunga Vartofta Edsbruk Mandal TÓRSHAVN Fårö Vágar Gränna Vårgårda Tjörn Lindesnes Kisa Överum Loftahammar Älvängen Nólsoy Skärhamn Fårösund Blidsberg en Somm Gamleby Alingsås Nol Sandoy Horn Marstrand Lärbro Habo Aneby Mullsjö Österbymo Mjörn Tingstäde 19 Kungälv Fristad Ulricehamn Bankeryd Húsavík Lerum Floda Västervik Skúvoy Slite Vi Södra Huskvarna Surte Jönköping Visby Ankarsrum Partille Sandared Borås Forserum Öckerö ATLANTIC Dalsjöfors Eksjö Vimmerby Skagen a Hönö Rom Mölndal Taberg Nässjö Landvetter Viskafors Göteborg Mölnlycke OCEAN Storebro Hillared thammarsvik Hirtshals Sudhuroy Malmbäck Stensjön Mariannelund Ålbæk GOTL AN D Kat Vena Misterhult 96 (Gothenburg) Lindome Kinna Fritsla Tranemo Vaggeryd Bodafors Hultsfred nds norra Öla Hjørring n ham nte da Kli Vetlan Ljugarn Frederikshavn Kungsbacka Skillingaryd Figeholm udde Sävsjö Skene Svenljunga Sindal Kristdala Vickan Stånga Byxelkrok Målilla Vrå Gnosjö Mörlunda Horred se E 20 Hem n Oskarsham Böda (same scale as main map) Sæby te Gislaved Virserum Ronehamn ug Brønderslev Knøsen Berga Anderstorp Vrigstad llavik e r b Pandrup 136m Læsø Veddige Bua ult Högsby Påska Fagerh Värnamo Ja m m Reftele Åseda Smålandsstenar Aabybro Hjallerup Lammhult Tofta Hanstholm n Burgsvik d Brovst Ullared Bredaryd Vidöster S Asaa Fjerritslev Bor Vodskov Varberg Tvååker Landeryd m å l a nÄlghult Grönskåra Klitmøller Mönsterås Hånger Nørresundby vda Ålem Lenho Moheda Kinnared Aalborg Träslövsläge Nibe Blomstermåla Thisted n Løgstør Hoburgen Hyltebruk Rydaholm Svenstrup Helgasjön Torup Vessigebro rde Målerås Lagan NORDJYLLAND Hals Växjö In Denmark and Norway food processing is a major Borgholm Ålborg rs Alvesta Orrefo Falkenberg Støvring Aars Hovmantorp Nykøbing 21 Ljungby 21 Skørping Bugt Hurup Getinge industry. Swedish iron and steel production supports Nybro Lindsdal Lidhult Lessebo Mors Glyngøre Farsø Vislanda Thyborøn Hadsund Kalmar Aalestrup Anholt Oskarström Harplinge car manufacturers and component suppliers. Färjestaden Rottnen Emmaboda Nissum Bredning Mariager A Halmstad Eldsberga Åsnen Hobro Lemvig SE Nearly half of Norway’s income comes Veinge Vissefjärda Mörbylånga Älmhult Skive Tingsryd Laholmsbukten N Knäred Struer Randers Viborg Kastlösa Vinderup Laholm Strömsnäsbruk Ryd IA from North Sea oil and gas reserves. g an Mien Torsås Fornæs Markaryd Lönsboda Båstad La Langå Gu d e n Auning EG Bjerrin gbro H Grenaa Trondheim Bergkvara alland Osby Torekov Holstebro RW Denmark’s successful hi-tech, 110 sås Skälderviken Trustrup Olofström Ulfborg MI DT JYL LA ND Hadsten Hornslet Tirstrup 22 Grönhögen Örkelljunga Karlshamn Rödeby Hästveda Aulu Mölle m high-profit electronics Rønde Ängelholm Hamme Vildbjerg l Svängsta Höganäs Løgten krona Ölands södra Bjärnum Hesselø Mörrum Ronneby Nä Ka Karls Snejbjerg Herning Silkeborg Galten Harlev Lystrup Ebeltoft Klippan Hässleholm Viken Åstorp udde ttr llin and light engineering Ringkøbing Videbæk Ivösjön ge Torhamn ab Ikast Helsingborg Ry Stilling Århus Perstorp Tyringe Sölvesborg y Hvide Sande Bromölla Gilleleje Kibæk Bjuv Beder Yding Skovhøj industries largely Hörvik Sösdala Holm Frederiksværk Helsingør Skanderborg Skjern sland Klit Raus N O RWAY 173m Ut l ä n g a n Sk je r n ten Bergen Tollarp Kristianstad Samsø Sejerø Hundested Ottarp Å Ringkøbing Fjord Tarm Hillerød Brædstrup Odder uk use imported Höör Nykøbing Åhus Brande Tranebjerg Svalöv b HOVEDSTADEN Hov Ringsjön Östra ö Landskrona Isefjord Frederikssund Give Ølgod OSLO Degeberga Horsens Hörby Eslöv Jægerspris KØBENHAVN Drammen 23 S W E D E N Uppsala raw materials. Jelling Nørre Nebel Kävlinge Bæ Stenløse (COPENHAGEN) Grindsted Hedensted Hørve Västerås Brösarp ø s Stavanger Holbæk Billund Vejle Endelave S a m Lund Lomma Jyderup Kalundborg Kivik Örebro Roskilde Blåvands Saltholm StaffanstorpSjöbo Varde Egtved Fredericia STOCKHOLM The transport Kastrup Malmö Bogense Hindsholm Gyldenløveshøj 126m Simrishamn Huk Esbjerg Holsted Strib Taastrup Dragør Limhamn Gørlev Dianalund Otterup Vejen Nordby network Malmo Havdrup Amager Tomelilla Middelfart Fyn Brøru Kristiansand p Kerteminde Køge Svedala Tjær Vellinge ebor Kolding Nørre Borrby g Bramming Linköping Køge Aaby Odense Bugt Höllviken Skurup Ystad Slagelse Sorø Ringsted Gothenburg 133,712 miles Fanø Vamdrup Vissenbjerg Rødding Jönköping Langeskov Smygehamn Herfølge Skanör med Borås Ribe Gram (215,666 km)  More than half the Aalborg Haderslev Christiansfeld Højby Falsterbo Trelleborg Mandø Sandvig 24 24 Korsør Glamsbjerg Nyborg Fakse Store Heddinge Vojens land in Denmark is used DENMARK Hasle Skælskør Fensmark Toftlund Hoptrup Assens Rytterknægten Ringe Rømø 1160 miles Randers Haarby for agriculture. Grains, Næstved BORNHOLM Fakse Ladeplads 162m Kværndrup SYD DAN MA RK eb (1872 km) Helsingborg A Svaneke Præstø Faaborg Rønne particularly wheat and Århus æl SE Løgumkloster Nordborg Fakse Bugt Svendborg Nexø t Aakirkeby COPENHAGEN IC barley, are the main Malmö Vordingborg Møn T Thurø By Aabe L nraa 8180 miles Højer Augustenborg Tåsinge BA Tønder Femø olm Fejø Bornh Gråste Odense n crops cultivated. Vindeby (13,195 km) Rudkøbing Tinglev Als SJÆLLAND Stege Sønderborg Ærøskøbing Nørre Alslev Kruså Stubbekøbing Y Sakskøbing Ærø Marstal 3668 miles Nakskov AN GERM Nykøbing 25 25 Lolland Maribo (5197 km) Langeland Rødby Falster Major industry and infrastructure Rødbyhavn F e m Nysted er n Bæ A major addition to the lt capital cities Gedser car manufacture  Sand deposited by glaciers transport network in this major towns electronics at the end of the last Ice Age, region is the Oresund bridge international airports engineering has been fashioned by wind and tunnel project connecting major roads furniture industry and waves into dunes,creating Copenhagen in Denmark with major industrial areas iron & steel heathlands along the 26 Malmö in Sweden. shipbuilding 100 northwestern coast of Jylland. food processing å

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3976 miles (6400 km)

11,825 miles (19,032km)

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capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

car manufacture chemicals engineering hi-tech industry iron & steel tourism

Major industry and infrastructure

 Clew Bay in western Ireland, is characteristic of the heavily indented west coast, where deep wide-mouthed bays separate the mountains of Mayo, Donegal and Kerry as they thrust out into the Atlantic Ocean.

The UK’s congested roads have become a major focus of environmental concern in recent years. No longer an island, the UK was finally linked to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel in 1994.

2023 miles (3578 km)

285,947 miles (460,240 km)

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LONDON

Norwich

Nottingham

English Chann

Bristol

Cardiff

Oxford

Birmingham

The transport network

Cork

Newcastle upon Tyne

Manchester

Leeds

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Glasgow

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The British Isles’ industrial base was founded primarily on coal, iron and textiles, based largely in the north. Today, the most productive sectors include hi-tech industries clustered mainly in southeastern England, chemicals, finance and the service sector, particularly tourism.

Transport and industry

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Arbroath Carnoustie F ir t h of Tay

Thousands of hexagonal basalt columns form Giant’s Causeway on the north coast of Antrim. These were created by volcanic activity.

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below 10,000

10,000 to 50,000

50,000 to 100,000

100,000 to 500,000

500,000 to 1 million

1 million to 5 million

above 5 million

Population

sea level

100m / 328ft

250m / 820ft

500m / 1640ft

1000m / 3281ft

Elevation

m Coastal erosion around the British Isles forms striking features such as this limestone arch, Durdle Door in Dorset.

The Cotswold Hills are characterized by a series of limestone ridges overlooking clay vales.

Chiltern Hills

The Fens are a low-lying area reclaimed from the sea.

m Ullswater in the Lake District fills a deep valley formed by glacial erosion.

The Pennines, sometimes called ‘the backbone of England’, are formed of limestones and grits.

Durdle Door

Map key

Limestone

Clay

Sandstone

Cracks

Black Ven, Lyme Regis

 Dartmoor, studded with tors, is an exposed part of a vast granite dome, formed when molten rock intruded into the Earth’s crust.

Snowdon is the highest mountain in England and Wales reaching 3556 ft (1085 m).

Ben Nevis at 4409 ft (1343 m) is the highest peak in the UK.

Lake District

Over 600 islands, mostly uninhabited, lie west and north of the Scottish mainland.

Rugged uplands dominate the landscape of Scotland, Wales and northern England. All the peaks in the British Isles over 4000 ft (1219 m) lie in highland Scotland. Lowland England rises into several ranges of rolling hills, including the older Mendips, and the Cotswolds and the Chilterns, which were formed at the same time as the Alps in southern Europe.

The landscape

Much of the south coast is subject to landslides. Following rain, porous sandstones feed water into the underlying, less permeable clays which then crumble and slide into the sea.

Water Mudslide Sea

Peat bogs dot the poorly-drained Irish lowlands.

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Fair Isle The lowlands of Scotland, drained by the Tay, Forth and Clyde rivers, are centred on a rift valley. The region contains valuable coal reserves.

Fitful Head

Bressay

Shetland Islands

Whalsay

Lerwick

The British Isles have no large-scale river systems. The Shannon is the longest, at 230 miles (370 km).

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The British Isles have for centuries played a central role in European and world history. England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland together form the United Kingdom (UK), while the southern portion of Ireland is an independent country, self-governing since 1921. Although England has tended to be the politically and economically dominant partner in the UK, the Scots, Welsh and Irish maintain independent cultures, distinct national identities and languages. Southeastern England is the most densely populated part of this crowded region, with over eight million people living in and around the London area.

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121,684 sq miles (315,160 sq km)

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sh i re ddy Evesham Caherciveen Felixstowe Wells Head nes Royston d Teifi r Key yc u s on l Milt l i Hereford e Valencia Island g h wort C Strumble Head k Mac Reek Kenmar Tewkesbury Harwich Hitchin Letch y f Llandovery B r e c k n o c k Stansted Mine Head nage e C o r Lee Cork Youghal Steve D ard Buzz Rosston er Black Leigh s Luton Fishguard a r m a r Colchest Brecon 21 ’ Macroom then rd s h i re Bishop’s Stortford C on-Wye Cheltenham Cork Midleton St David’s Mtns DunstableLuton He r t f o y Brecon Beacons g e St David’s Head Carmarthen Cobh Clacton-on-Sea er Welwyn Garden City x sbury yw nny Gloucester Ba tains Abergave Ayle r v a n n T i Fan y Pen s ende u Harp don g R Mal l low s Monmouth Witney li o Bandon Dunmanway Ba Haverfordwest Mo Hertford Har are se 886m Ebbw Vale e n t skel Oxford Hill Hemel e tershire y Glouces ha r er Kenm Cirencest Ballin a ns St Brides w ford k Bay Kinsale St Alba Bantry G Chelms C e Gm o u t h Ha r n Hempstead Stroud Dursey Island ames Oxfo rdsh i re 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Dov Frome dfor Andov Bay Bridgwater Guil Minehead Wells y and agricultural Farnham r Chan Ilfracombe Wells Gatwick The wetter western parts of the UK suit East t 23 Salisbu n Glastonbur y ire Dunkery Grinstead Crawley Stonehenge kestone e Tu distribution the Fol Lundy h Hy d l s a xmoor E nnel Haslemere Bridgwater Beacon 519m T h e We livestock-rearing and the drier east arable p Winchester ney th ham Barnstaple Hea m Hors s Rom S bury ward t New Salis o Hay e m s Hartland e r a cattle Sangatte Point s farming, while mountainous areas support nes Rye nge Du ury Shaftesb igh Bideford Eastle sheep Sussex Taunton Yeovil Lewes St Southampton nt S o u t h D o Ne Hastings Sherborne cereals sheep farming and forestry. In Ireland and w n N Hava wF m Exposed highlands, like hill Bex Tiverton am o Fareh market gardening EA rest St o s these in Wales, and in ur central and southern England, mixed arable, Gosport P Eastbourne Bude Dorset D e v o n capital cities northern England and Cowes ort Beachy Head t Bridpor 24 24 s ch beef and dairy farming predominate, while Okehampton major towns Christchur Newport m Exeter Lyme Regis Scotland are used for n ven Poole g Dorchester The ISLE OF Sandownouth pt High Willhays Door Durdle pasture age grazing sheep. es e Swan fruit farming and viticulture are possible in Needl o Launceston g is 621m n Exmouth Lyme Bay WIGHT Ventnor cropland Weymouth St Catherine’s Point Dartmoor m Bodmin the mild extreme south. Trevose Head Teignmouth forest o Tavistock Moor Newton Abbot em uth Portland Bill mountain region Edinburgh Torquay Bodmin ’s H Da Newquay ead Glasgow r t Paignton The urban/rural population divide Saltash U NITE D Plymouth w 25 St Austell Alderney urban 87% rural 13% E Dartmouth

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Tory Island Bloody Foreland

THE BRITISH ISLES

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97

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Polder

Drainage ditch

 Uplifted and folded 220 million years ago, the Ardennes have since been reduced to relatively level plateaux, then sharply incised by rivers such as the Maas/Meuse.

Ardennes

The loess soils of the Flanders Plain in western Belgium provide excellent conditions for arable farming.

Sand dunes

m Extensive sand dune systems along the coast have prevented flooding of the land. Behind the dunes, marshy land is drained to form polders, usable land suitable for agriculture.

Since the Middle Ages the people of the Netherlands have used ditches and drainage dykes to reclaim land from the sea. These reclaimed areas are known as polders.

Sea

Dune system

C

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W

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Haarlem

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Ballum Hollum

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Damwoude

Anjum Holwerd Lauwers Ferwert Meer Dokkum

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Reitdiep

2565 miles (4129 km) 4134 miles (6653 km)

140,588 miles (226,281 km) 4099 miles (6598 km)

IJsselmeer

Aldtsjerk

N E T H E R L A N D S

W

Oost-Vlieland

Utrecht

Arnhem

Q

Loppersum Delfzijl al Appingedam Termunten na

Uithuizen Bierum

Groningen

100

The Low Countries hold a key position on the North Sea, containing Europe’s two largest ports, Rotterdam and Antwerp, which are connected to a comprehensive system of inland waterways.

a Bedum sK em Ten Boer E

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P

The transport network

O

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Warffum

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In the western Netherlands, a massive, sprawling industrialized zone encompasses many new hi-tech and service industries. Belgium’s central region has emerged as the country’s light manufacturing and services centre. Luxembourg city is home to more than 160 banks and the European headquarters of many international companies.

Sint Annaparochie

West-Terschelling

L

Transport and industry

d e n a n l i Ameland

aerospace finance engineering hi-tech industry pharmaceuticals textiles capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

Terschelling

e

AMSTERDAM

t

10

9

8

7

6

N

Charleroi

Liège

Maastricht

Eindhoven

Nijmegen

Enschede

K

Major industry and infrastructure

J

gge Re

Kollum Dollard Grijpskerk Nieuwolda Zwaagwesteinde en Siddebur Stiens INGEN GRON Buitenpost Zuidhorn Hurdegaryp Sexbierum Menaldum Midwolda Hoogkerk Nieuweschans Slochteren Dronrijp Leeuwarden Franeker Grootegast Bergumer Scheemda Burgum Meer Surhuisterveen Leek Haren Hoogezand-Sappemeer Harlingen De Cocksdorp Winschoten FRYSLÂN Zuidlaardermeer Marum Paterswolde Eelde Schoorl Bellingwolde Veendam Roden (FRIESLAN D) nk Oude Pekela Wilderva Zuidlaren De Koog Drachten Nieuwe Pekela Vries Grou Texel Norg Bolsward Beetsterzwaag Den Burg Onstwedde Makkum Sneek Donkerbroek Oudeschild Vlagtwedde Akkrum Assen Gieten Gorredijk ijk m One-third of the Stadskanaal Rolde d t p Oosterwolde i Workum Joure Ma rs d ie Nieuw-Buinen slu Netherlands lies below sea Noorder Haaks Appelscha Heerenveen Smilde Musselkanaal Af en Den Helder ess level and flooding is a Den Oever u Oldeberkoop Borger DRENTHE l F Koudum Tjeukemeer constant threat. Barrages Tweede-Exloërmond Balk Sloter Meer Julianadorp Noordwolde Or Ter Apel Breezand have been built across the an Wolvega j ek a Stavoren naa mouths of many rivers to Odoorn Nieuw-Weerdinge l Callantsoog Lemmer Beilen Diever Wieringerwerf contain floodwaters. Westerbork Emmer-Compascuum Dwingeloo Oldemarkt Middenmeer Rutten Steenwijk Emmen Zweeloo Havelte Schagen F r Ruinen Medemblik Klazienaveen i e Andijk Blokzijl s l Hoogeveen Warmenhuizen The parallel valleys of a n Wervershoof Dalen Nieuw-Amsterdam Opmeer Emmeloord Marknesse Beulakerwijde Meppel d Schoorl Enkhuizen the Maas/Meuse and Hoogkarspel NoordNoordoostpolder De Wijk Belterwijde Schoonebeek Rhine rivers were created Coevorden R Vollenhove Bergen Scharwoude Bovenkarspel Wognum Urk Zwartsluis eest Zuidwolde Nagele Zwarte Meer Heerhugowaard when the Rhine was Staphorst Alkmaar Oudorp Hoorn deflected from its Ens Egmond aan Zee Dedemsvaart Gramsbergen Genemuiden Ketelmeer NOORDHasselt previous course by the Heiloo Nieuwleusen Oosthuizen Markermeer Hardenberg Swifterbant Kampen IJsselmuiden ice sheet which formed HOLLAND Castricum Middenbeemster during the last Ice Age. Ommen Uitgeest Purmerend Heemskerk Den Ham Edam OostelijkDronten Dalfsen Krommenie Zwolle Lelystad Silts and sands eroded by Volendam Flevoland O ve r Velsen-Noord Beverwijk Wormer Westerhaar-Vriezenveensewijk Hattem ijssels the Rhine throughout its Kerkbuurt Biddinghuizen Koog aan den Zaan K an a a Wezep Noo Vroomshoop IJmuiden l course are deposited to Heino rdz Monnickendam Elburg Zaanstad D N A L O V E L Oldebroek F e Ka n e Santpoort O V E R I J S S E L Ootmarsum Broek-in-Waterland form a delta on the west a al Landsmeer Bloemendaal Vriezenveen er ’t Harde Heerde Wijhe Almere-Buiten coast of the Netherlands. me Hellendoorn Denekamp e Tubbergen Zwanenburg w ZuidelijkWierden Raalte elu Almelo Almere Zandvoort Nunspeet Flevoland Harderwijk V Nijverdal Olst Badhoevedorp Epe Diemen Oldenzaal Muiden Almere-Haven Rijssen Amstelveen Zeewolde Borne Enter Naarden Huizen Vaassen Hoofddorp Diepenveen Ermelo Ouderkerk Weesp Losser Bussum Hillegom aan den Amstel Holten Delden Elspeet Abcoude Schalkhaar Blaricum Schiphol Hengelo Noordwijkerhout Putten Deventer Aalsmeer Goor Lisse Laren Bathmen Noordwijk aan Zee Uithoorn Twello Hilversum Bunschoten Enschede Markelo Vinkeveen Sassenheim Nijkerk Loenen Baarn Diepenheim Laren Mijdrecht Voorthuizen Gorssel Katwijk aan Zee Apeldoorn Soest Hoevelaken Rijnsburg Roelofarendsveen Nieuw-Loosdrecht Be Haaksbergen Breukelen Voorst r Leiden UTRECHT Amersfoort Wassenaar Lochem kel Nieuwkoop Neede Barneveld Maarssen Bilthoven Voorschoten Leiderdorp AND Zutphen Alphen aan den Rijn GELDERL Warnsveld Borculo Scheveningen De Bilt SoesterbergLeusden-Centrum Vleuten Eibergen Hoenderloo Eerbeek Leidschendam Woerden Lunteren Otterlo Ruurlo Harmelen Brummen Vorden Boskoop Scherpenzeel el (THE HAGUE) Bodegraven s Meern De Zeist s Woudenberg Groenlo Zoetermeer Dieren IJ RijswijkVoorburg Ede Hautes Fagnes is the Hengelo Nieuwegein Driebergen Waddinxveen Doorn Wateringen Pijnacker Veenendaal highest part of Rheden Zelhem Doesburg Monster Houten Leersum Oudewater Bennekom Amerongen IJsselstein Velp ’s-Gravenzande Naaldwijk Gouda Delft Bleiswijk Lichtenvoorde Belgium. The bogs Oosterbeek er Rijn Vianen Hoek van Holland ZUID-HOLLAND Moordrecht Lopik Winterswijk Doetinchem Wehl Ned and streams in this Wageningen Elden Wijk bij Duurstede Zestienhoven Varsseveld Duiven Schoonhoven Renkum Didam upland region result Maassluis Maurik Europoort Rhenen Aalten Capelle aan den IJssel Culemborg Kesteren Huissen e (R Zevenaar Meerkerk Schiedam from high rainfall and Krimpen aan den IJssel Elst Terborg Zetten Oostvoorne Bemmel low temperatures. Tiel L ek Ulft ’s-Heerenberg Leerdam Brielle Vlaardingen Druten Beesd W aa Dinxperlo Kinderdijk Ridderkerk l Hoogvliet Geldermalsen Millingen aan den Rijn Beneden-Leeuwen Rhoon BarendrechtAlblasserdam Beuningen Haringvlietdam Spijkenisse O Nijmegen s e g r M ude Maa Zwijndrecht Papendrecht Hardinxveld-Giessendam e Goeree a W as Wijchen aal B H a Hellevoetsluis s Gorinchem Brakel Ubbergen r in Ouddorp Sliedrecht Megen Oud-Beijerland g Woudrichem Zaltbommel Sp u i Werkendam Stellendam v l i Malden Groesbeek Brouwersdam Kerkdriel Dordrecht ’s-Gravendeel

The main geographical regions of the Netherlands are the northern glacial heathlands, the low-lying lands of the Rhine and Maas/Meuse, the reclaimed polders, and the dune coast and islands. Belgium includes part of the Ardennes, together with the coalfields on its northern flanks, and the fertile Flanders plain.

E

5

A

BRUSSELS

Antwerp

Rotterdam Breda

Utrecht

AMSTERDAM

BELGIUM

 Heathlands, like these at Schoorl, are found along the coast of the Netherlands. Much of the coast was breached by the sea in the 5th century, creating its distinctive inlets and islands.

A

The landscape

R

Ghent Kortrijk

Bruges

N

Groningen

NETHERLANDS

THE HAGUE

H

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No o rd

d

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4

One of northwestern Europe’s strategic crossroads, the Low Countries are united by a common history in which they have often been a battleground in European wars. For over a thousand years they were ruled by foreign powers. Even after they achieved independence, the three countries maintained close links, later forming the world’s first totally free labour and goods market, the Benelux Economic Union, which became the core of the European Community (now the European Union or EU). These states have remained at the forefront of wider European co-operation; Brussels, The Hague and Luxembourg are hosts to major institutions of the EU.

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BELGIUM , LUXEMBOURG , NETHER L ANDS

The Low Countries

F

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1

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D

Y

C

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Dokkum

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98 s E e m

M

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13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

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EUROPE

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B

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N

C

Differdange

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Gent

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sources of revenue. Both are exported around the world.

Scheldt

A

Using the land

a F l

d

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Brugge

F

26

25

24

23

22

21

20

19

16

N

ie

15

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O

R

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(73,016 sq km)

E

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(403 people per sq km)

A

B

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Antwerpen

BRUSSEL/BRUXELLES

t

A

O

SE

Ru

H

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102

Namur

G

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Meuse

A

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F

I

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U

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n

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n

M

Liège

e

s

Rumelange

LUXEMBOURG

Y

O

P

from drainage ditches to the larger canals.

Map key

Scale 1:1,000,000

LUXEMBOURG

s

Maastricht

Sûre

G E R M

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De

Sch

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G

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Wijk en Grevelingen Biesbos Ammerzoden Middelharnis Oss Grave Cuijck Mook Aalburg Heusden Strijen Geertruidenberg Schouwen Brouwershaven Rosmalen Heesch Overflakkee H Zeeland Serooskerke o l l an Raamsdonksveer Vlijmen Haamstede Gennep d s Die p Moerdijk Made Mill ’s-Hertogenbosch Oude-Tonge Willemstad Waalwijk Drunen Bruinisse Uden Zierikzee Sint-Michielsgestel Oosterhout Vught Kaatsheuvel Duiveland Zevenbergen Oosterscheldedam Boxmeer Zu Loon op Zand id Dongen Sint Philipsland Veghel Nieuw-Bergen Schijndel Will Sint Annaland Colijnsplaat Prinsenbeek Udenhout Boekel Nieuw-Vossemeer e Vierlingsbeek D m Km Boxtel om Rijen sv o Noord-Beveland Oudenbosch 30 0 40 10 20 mel Oisterwijk a 5 Overloon s Tholen Steenbergen Kortgene t Domburg Sint-Oedenrode Veere Gemert Rips Etten-Leur Breda e Sint Maartensdijk Westkapelle Sint Willebrord Walcheren ZEELAND r s 5 Tilburg Gilze NOORD-BRABANT Venray 40 10 30 0 20 Tholen Halsteren Wanssum Beek-en-Donk Son Roosendaal Goes Yerseke c h Miles Middelburg Goirle Oirschot Best Breugel e Alphen projection: Lambert Conformal Conic Arcen Zundert Helmond ld Kapelle Bergen op Zoom Hilvarenbeek Oost-Souburg Nuenen Essen Horst e Baarle-Nassau Deurne Welschap Zuid-Beveland Mierlo Vlissingen Krabbendijke Hoogerheide Borssele Kruiningen Geldrop W Baarle-Hertog Eindhoven Sevenum m The Dutch city of Rotterdam e Breskens s t Veldhoven e Wuustwezel Asten lies within one of the most e r Aalst Heeze l d Blerick Mar Kalmthout Kloosterzande Bladel Knokke-Heist k Merksplas s c h e Maasbree Someren Venlo densely populated and highly Valkenswaard Zeebrugge Oostburg Eersel Reusel Rijkevorsel Tegelen Meijel Terneuzen Brecht Elevation Population industrialized regions in Stabroek Leende Blankenberge Arendonk Beerse Vosselaar Panningen Helden Maarheeze Sluis IJzendijke the world, known as Kapellen 500,000 to 1 million Oud-Turnhout Bergeyk Brasschaat Oostmalle Turnhout l d Reuver ‘Randstad Holland’. Hulst Nederweert Budel Westmalle t Axel Aardenburg 500m / 1640ft 100,000 to 500,000 Merksem Roggel Beesel Retie Schoten ANTWERPEN Hamont Weert Achel Oostende Sas van Gent Assenede Dessel Lommel e 50,000 to 100,000 Schilde Swalmen (Ostend) Deurne 250m / 820ft Neerpelt in e (Antwerp) Sint-Gillis-Waas Maldegem l LIMBURG Wijnegem (Bruges) K Beveren Middelkerke Deurne Overpelt Stramproy Oostende Grobbendonk 10,000 to 50,000 Stekene Roermond Zelzate Assebroek Adegem Eeklo Wommelgem Mol Hoboken Heel 100m / 328ft Herentals Sint-Niklaas Moerbeke Wachtebeke Balen Bocholt Nijlen Geel Gistel below 10,000 Wilrijk Waarschoot Alb Beernem Kruibeke Nieuwpoort er tk Kinrooi Bree Kontich sea level Eernegem an a ro Temse OOST-VLA ANDEREN De Panne Hechtel Posterholt al Lier G te Net Herenthout Peer Niel Zomergem Evergem Lochristi Lokeren Bornem Koksijde Berlaar Leopoldsburg Koekelare Duffel Westerlo Vorst Beverlo Echt Maaseik Boom pe Aalter Hamme Oostakker Meeuwen l Willebroek Sint-Katelijne-Waver Zele Tessenderlo Veurne Torhout Puurs (Ghent) Heist-op-den-Berg Koersel Susteren Ruiselede Kortemar k Herselt LIMBURG Putte Beringen Opglabbeek Diksmuide Lichtervelde Laarne Paal Dendermonde Mechelen Houthalen Netherlands: Heusden Londerzeel Scheld Berlare r Melle Tielt Sittard Keerbergen Tremelo eme De Pinte Eisden D WESTD Wetteren ij Deinze Zonhoven le Diest Capital cities Lebbeke Ardooie Merelbeke Aarschot Zemst Lummen Stein Lede Roeselare Geleen Maasmechelen Rillaar Meulebeke Moorsel Merchtem Boortmeerbeek Haacht Scherpenheuvel VLAANDE REN Brunssum AMSTERDAM – capital Genk Albe rtkan Aalst aal Elsloo Ingelmunster Beek Wolvertem Halen Gavere VLAAMS Hoensbroek Langemark Vilvoorde Lanaken THE HAGUE – seat of government Beek 100 Grimbergen HerkLandgraaf Izegem Sint-Lievens-Houtem Herent BRABANT Zaventem Hasselt Diepenbeek Asse Nuth de-Stad Denderleeuw Heerlen Moorslede Herzele Waregem Meerssen Zaventem Wemmel Leuven Bilzen Munkzwalm Poperinge Valkenburg Kortenberg Kerkrade Deerlijk Alken Zottegem Glabbeek-Zuurbemde Ieper Dilbeek Heverlee Liedekerke Schaerbeek Harelbeke Hoeselt Oudenaarde Kortessem Simpelveld Kortrijk Ninove Wezembeek-Oppem Anderlecht Zoutleeuw t Zwevegem Kemmel Menen Sint-Truiden Tervuren Riemst Margraten Ixelles eld Wevelgem Tienen Gulpen Brakel S ch Wervik Eijsden Borgloon Tongeren Avelgem (BRUSSELS) Ukkel Hamme-Mille Comines Vaals Overijse Sint-Pieters-Leeuw Geraardsbergen Mouscron Ronse Hoeilaart Ploegsteert Heers Sint-Martens-Voeren Sint-Genesius-Rode Gingelom Landen Grez-Doiceau Ellezelles Kelmis Herne Visé Celles Wavre Halle Lessines Dottignies Aubel Montzen Waterloo BRABANT Jodoigne Juprelle Oupeye Enghien Rixensart Waremme Tubize Raeren Hannut Alleur Ottignies WALLON Jauche Frasnes-lezHerstal Welkenraedt Awans Remicourt Braine-l'Alleud Buissenal Ans Louvain-la Neuve Battice Ath Grâce-Hollogne Court-Saint-Étienne GaurainEupen Perwez Braives Dison Tournai Ramecroix Soumagne Braine-le-Comte Limbourg Nivelles Saint-Georges Ve s Leuze-enn Genappe Éghezèe d Pepinster Verviers g e Seraing re Chièvres Soignies Antoing Hainaut a Écaussinnes-d’Enghien Rumes eus Gembloux F Leuze Amay M Belœil s Wanze Jurbise Theux Bléharies Sombreffe t e Botrange Péruwelz LIÈGE HAINAUT 694m au Huy Seilles Pont-à-Celles WanfercéeManage H Baraque Spa Namêche Spy Michel Houdeng-Goegnies Comblain-au-Pont La Louvière Fleurus Baulet Jemeppe-surBérnissart Remouchamps m Belgium’s network of canals links many 675m Andenne Marchin Gosselies Havré Courcelles Aywaille Ouffet Wa rc Sambre Jemappes of the inland cities to the ports of Antwerp, Mons he Tamines Auvelais ambre Jambes Ohey Malmédy Charleroi S Binche Bütgenbach Hamoir Quiévrain Zeebrugge and Ostend. Large volumes of Clavier Farciennes Wépion Frameries Waimes Gesves Dour Anderlues Châtelet Stavelot Büllingen freight are carried on the canals, which Fosses-la-Ville Werbomont Havelange Montignies-le-Tilleul Trois-Ponts Profondeville have been fully modernized to handle Barvaux Assesse Merbes-le- Lobbes Maffe Arable farming and the intensive Thuin Gerpinnes Amel Saint-Gérard Durbuy Château standard European-size barges. Hamois r Mettet b Biesme cultivation of flowers flourish in the Sam r Anhée Ou Lierneux Manhay Erquelinnes Ciney Érezée Vielsalm Sankt-Vith NAMUR exceptionally fertile areas of reclaimed land in Dinant Fraire Hotton Baraque de Walcourt Florennes Onhaye Fraiture 651m Beaumont the western Netherlands and central Belgium. The Gouvy Crombach Rosée Marche-en-Rendeux Lac de la Philippeville Famenne hothouse farming of fruit, vegetables and flowers is Buurgplaatz Roche-en-Ardenne La Plate Taille Cerfontaine Houyet 559m Rochefort O ur Sivry Froidchapelle also widespread, while beef, dairy and pig farming take th e Le s Rance s Doische Weiswampach e Houffalize Nassogne place in the higher inland regions. Troisvierges Beauraing Mariembourg Heinerscheid Tenneville Land use and Wellin Clervaux Nismes Chimay Noville agricultural distribution Wincrange Couvin Saint-Hubert Momignies Hosingen Bastogne capital cities cattle Wilwerwiltz Groningen Gedinne major towns pigs Libin Wiltz Brûly cereals Kautenbach LUXEMBOURG pasture Bièvre flowers cropland Recogne Libramont Vaux-sur-Sûre Lac de la DIEKIRCH sugar beet Sûre Paliseul Haute forest Sû Bourscheid Bettendorf Fauvillers re wetland Feulen Vresse-sur-Semois AMSTERDAM Diekirch THE HAGUE Longlier Bertrix Ettelbrück Mertzig Martelange NETHERLANDS Neufchâteau Schieren Sûre Echternach Y Léglise Rotterdam Bouillon Bissen Forêt GREVENis o Redange Sem d’ Anlier H Useldange MACHER Forêt de Attert Mersch RT Wasserbillig Chiny Habay-la-Neuve O S N Antwerp e Florenville mois Arlon Junglinster The urban/rural population divide Grevenmacher Ghent Walferdange Étalle BRUSSELS Niederanven Steinfort Bridel Maastricht urban 92% rural 8% Mamer BELGIUM Strassen Findel Liège Garnich Meix-devant-Virton Wormeldange m Windmills, such as this one in Saint-Léger Messancy Éthe the western Netherlands, are a Aubange Charleroi Virton Musson Pétange Hespérange 100 R 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 characteristic feature of the Athus Remich A G LUXEMBOUR Rouvroy Sanem N Dutch countryside. They were Differdange Bettembourg LUXEMBOURG m Cut-flower and bulb production C Population density Total land area ins E e Frisange Mondorf-les-Ba originally used to transfer water LUXEMBOURG zett l in the Netherlands are important A Esch-sur-Alzette Dudelange 1043 people per sq mile 28,191 sq miles

25

24

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14

EU RO PE : T H E LOW CO U N T R I E S

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99

5

EL

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BERLIN

BALTIC SEA

T A U S

Nuremberg

50

60

70

80

13,804 sq miles (356,910 sq km)

40

612 people per sq mile (236 people per sq km)

30

Total land area

20

Population density

10

90

100

rural 13%

m The Moselle river flows through the Rhine State Uplands (Rheinisches Schiefergebirge). During a period of uplift, pre-existing river meanders were deeply incised, to form its present dramatic contours.

0

urban 87%

The urban/rural population divide

Munich

Stuttgart

SWITZ.

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Frankfurt am Main

H EC IC Z BL

98

pasture cropland forest

capital cities major towns

cattle pigs cereals sugar beet vineyards

Land use and agricultural distribution

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Grosser Plöner See Neumünster

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projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

Miles

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Usedom Anklam Oderhaff Ueckermünde

60

70

 The Elbe flows in wide meanders across the north German plain to the North Sea. At its mouth it is 10 miles (16 km) wide.

The Harz Mountains were formed 300 million years ago.They are block-faulted mountains, formed when a section of the Earth’s crust was thrust up between two faults.

Scale 1:2,250,000

Elbe river

Kummerower Z arow Teterow See Malchin

Peen

Q

The landscape

P

The plains of northern Germany, the volcanic plateaux and mountains of the central uplands, and the Bavarian Alps are the three principal geographic regions in Germany. North to south the land rises steadily from barely 300 ft (90 m) in the plains to 6500 ft (2000 m) in the Bavarian Alps, which are a small but distinct region in the far south.

O

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The Danube rises in the Black Forest (Schwarzwald) and flows east, across a wide valley, on its course to the Black Sea.

B A L T I C

Zugspitze, the highest peak in Germany at 9719 ft (2962 m), was formed during the Alpine mountainbuilding period, 30 million years ago.

Müritz lake covers 45 sq miles (117 sq km), but is only 108 ft (33 m) deep. It lies in a shallow valley formed by meltwater flowing out from a retreating ice sheet. These valleys are known as Urstromtäler.

Rhine Rift Valley

Heiligenhafen Selenter See

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principal waterway and one of Europe’s longest rivers, flowing 820 miles (1320 km).

I

m Part of the floor of the Rhine Rift Valley was let down between two parallel faults in The Rhine is Germany’s the Earth’s crust.

Rhine

Fault lines

Much of the landscape of northern Germany has been shaped by glaciation. During the last Ice Age, the ice sheet advanced as far the northern slopes of the central uplands.

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 The heathlands of northern Germany are covered by glacial deposits of sandy outwash soil which makes them largely infertile. They support only sheep and solitary trees.

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96

Germany has a large, efficient agricultural sector, and produces more than three-quarters of its own food. The major crops grown are cereals and sugar beet on the more fertile soils, and root crops, rye, oats and fodder on the poorer soils of the northern plains and central uplands. Southern Germany is also a principal producer of high quality wines. Vineyards cover the slopes surrounding the Rhine and its tributaries.

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Despite the devastation of its industry and infrastructure during the Second World War and its separation from eastern Germany during the Cold War, West Germany made a rapid recovery in the following generation to become Europe’s most formidable economic power. When the Berlin Wall was dismantled in 1989, the two halves of Germany were politically united for the first time in 40 years. Complete social and economic unity remain a longer term goal, as East German industry and society adapt to a free market. Germany has been a key player in the creation of the European Union (EU) and in moves toward a single European currency.

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22,258 miles (35,868 km)

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250m / 820ft

500m / 1640ft

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Elevation

Brocken 1142m

Halberstadt Bad Harzburg Wernigerode Quedlinburg

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Germany has a complex network of inland waterways. The Rhine and Danube are at the centre of a vast canal system which links central and eastern Europe to the north.

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Auerbach h Weiden in der Oberpfalz S Erlangen m The Bavarian Alps straddle Neustadt an SAARLAND SulzbachLauf an der Signalberg der Aisch Walldürn ar Mettlach Rosenberg the country’s southern border Herzogenaurach Nürnberg Pegnitz Sankt Wendel 20 886m Bad Windsheim Ludwigshafen Merzig rgBuchen Wernbe Mannhe im Kaiserslautern at an average height of Bad Mergentheim Fürth Eberbach Frankenstein Nürnberg Lebach Köblitz a 571m Heidelberg Amberg Zirndorf Rothenburg Dillingen 6500 ft (2000 m). (Nuremberg) Neunkirchen ld Sp e he Sch Tauber der ob ö Saarlouis yerb Mosbach war Leimen Altdorf Homburg Püttlingen ac h Schwabach zach nh Blaufelden Sankt. Ingbert c h o Neustadt an der Speyer Wiesloch K er Künzelsau Schwandorf Ansbach Ensheim Völklingen Neumarkt in Weinstrasse Zweibrücken Cham Bad Fredrichshall Roth Sinsheim At der Oberpfalz uJagst Saarbrücken Regen mü K Neckarsulm Landau in Burglengenfeld hl an Pirmasens Roding Eppingen a Grosser Arber l der Pfalz gen Schwäbisch Hall Regenstauf B 1456m Bruchsal Gunzenhausen 21 Wörth am Rhein a y Heilbronn Dinkelsbühl Crailsheim Zwiesel er Rachel e r Bretten Karlsruhe Gross Weissenburg Hesselberg sburg Regen Today, the main industries which contribute A Murrhardt Gaildorf tm i s 1453m 689m in Bayern Ettlingen Mühlacker Bietigheim-Bissingen Ellwangen c Treuchtlingen Regen h to Germany’s economic power are industrial Enz u ) a n o D ( ing e r Straub Pforzheim e Backnang Rastatt b Eichstätt abe Ludwigsburg r Bopfingen e La f machine building, electronics, chemicals and Deggendor Schwäbisch Gross Waiblingen W Winnenden Gmünd Gaggenau D Leonberg ing Plattl Aalen Nördlingen a u Ingolstadt car manufacture, including the famous Mercedes Baden-Baden Schorndorf Stuttgart n Donauwörth Calw g Heidenheim an Esslingen Göppingen 22 102 Neuburg an Bühl be a Hauzenberg der Brenz and BMW firms. While the introduction of a free market Sindelfingen Mainburg Ostfildern der Donau (D Achern u lfing Dingo ona Kirchheim s unter Teck Echterdingen o Landau an Dillingen an o Herrenberg m r u a u n Do ) Kehl in the east has forced the closure of many less efficient Geislingen aa der Isar der Donau Hornisgrinde Vilshofen r Schrobenhausen P BADEN-WÜRTTEMBERG 1164m Passau Isa Nagold companies there, west German manufacturers have Metzingen ut Landsh Langenau rg Moosbu m Offenburg Langweid Pfaffenhofen Freudenstadt Tübingen Reutlingen in der Isar Pfarrkirchen an der Ilm Horb am moved in to set up new plants and businesses. Aichach Rott Pocking Friesenheim kar Freising Neusäss Neckar Ulm Nec Günzburg al Franz Josef Sulz am Mössingen Augsburg I i Eggenfelden K Stadtbergen Hechingen Neckar Neu-Ulm Lahr Strauss DEN 23 Burladingen Friedberg MA Balingen A Erding Dorfen Ehingen Senden Inn RK am orf Mühld Königsbrunn Dachau Oberndorf TIC SE Illertissen BAL o n au) A am Neckar Lemberg Albstadt Unterschleissheim Altötting Laupheim TH 1015m Fürstenfeldbruck Elz München Waldkraiburng Burghausen Kiel Krumbach Rottweil Gü Kandel Germering Rostock Emmendingen nz (Munich) In Trossingen Sigmaringen 1242m Triberg im Biberach an Wasserburg am Inn Hamburg Mindelheim Saulgau Ottobrunn Schwarzwald Villingen-Schwenningen Freiburg im Breisgau z ss der Riss i Al Starnberg Landsberg R Bad Wörishofen Grafing Traunreut Tuttlingen am Lech Bremen Starnberger Ammersee Memmingen Pfullendorf Donaueschingen 24 Chiemsee Bruckmühl See Is Engen Bad Bad Waldsee Brigach Osnabrück Kaufbeuren BERLIN Bad Aibling Geretsried Stockach Krozingen Feldberg Major industry Hannover Blumberg Rosenheim Weingarten 1493m Müllheim Schongau Singen Sankt e r Weilheim in and infrastructure Überlingen Amm Oberbayern Ravensburg Kempten Blasien Sonntagshorn Dortmund Marktoberdorf h c Tegernsee Leipzig 1964m Bad Radolfzell am Untersee Schopfheim WaldshutMeckenbeuren Düsseldorf Essen h L o i s a Bad Tölz Murnau car manufacture Lörrach Dresden Bodensee GERMANY Reichenhall Tiengen Benediktenwand Wangen Konstanz im Allgäu chemicals 1801m Cologne Watzmann Forggensee Achenpass Walchensee 2713m H C hi-tech industry EL Lake Constance Friedrichshafen C I G. Königssee Rheinf elden E Füssen Kreuzspitze B a v a r i a n A l iron & steel BL Lindau p 2185m Frankfurt am Main Sonthofen s mining Allg GarmischLU X. äuer Alpen Partenkirchen precision engineering Zugspitze Saarbrücken Heidelberg m In the Black Forest 2962m research & development Nuremberg shipbuilding (Schwarzwald), in

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France’s landscape was fashioned by two phases of mountain-building. The northwestern peninsula, the Massif Central and the Vosges date from 220 million years ago. The complex folds of the Alps and Pyrenees, the gentlyfolded Jura, and the low-lying sedimentary areas of the Paris, Garonne and Rhône basins started to form 65 million years ago.

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A major centre of culture and fashion, and a leading producer of both industrial and agricultural goods, France is a key player in the push towards European unity. The founder of modern Republican government in the 18th century, France has been closely involved in European events for many centuries. The Paris Basin is the most highly populated area; Île de France is home to over 11 million people. Large parts of rural France remain thinly populated, particularly the mountainous Massif Central, Pyrenees and southern Alps.

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Île de Bréhat Île de Batz Perros-Guirec Condé-sur- Falaise ChauseyVilledieu-les-Poêles ConchesVimoutiers Tréguier Pointe de l'ArcovesÎles t es Roscoff en-Ouche Lannion Paimpol Noireau Granville Or Vire Cap Col ne St-Pol-de-Léon Verneuill Baie de Flers i n e Fréhel s de l’Aigle sur-Avre Lesneven le Mont St-Brieuc 5 Bégard St-Malo St-M Avranches No r m a n d i e Argentan Morlaix ichel Île d’Ouessant Dreux Guingamp Plérin Landivisiau Mort ain Dinard e Orne Sées rth ine Dol-de-Bretagne Domfront St-Brieuc Landerneau la Ferté-Macé Brest s Pont e orson de Lamballe Mont des 'Ar r é la Loupe Callac Pe Pointe St-Mathieu ts d Combourg rch Pré-en-Pail Avaloirs 417m Mortagneon Huelgoat Côtes d'Armor Dinan au-Perche Crozon e M Eu Fougères Huis Alençon re Iroise Châteaulin Fi ni stè re Carhaix-Plouguer n Co e Ernée ues EureBaie de Mayen Mamers an c e ne R Nogentn A on Illiersu ln e Loudé ac t n a o g n Pointe du Raz Douar nenez BeaumontM e sN le-Rotrou Combray Ille-et-Vi laine Mayenne sur-Sarthe 6 Gourin oires det Audierne Brou DouarnenezO Évron la Ferté-Bernard Vitré Scaër The coast of Brittany Île de Sein Bonneval Mauron Pon tivy Qu im per Baie d’Audierne Bonnétable (Bretagne) is highly indented Rosporden B l a Ren nes Châteaudun Laval Josselin Plo Conca where deep valleys in the Pont-l'Abbé rneau Plouay Morbi han ërmel Guichen Janzé Pointe de Quimperlé northwestern peninsula were Loué Bau Mondoubleau Gue d le Mans r Hennebont Penmarch Châteaudrowned by the sea. Sart he St-Calais Landes de L Craon Gontier Lorient anv au Pouancé Sable-sur-Sarthe Écommoy x Îles Glénan Vendôme L o ir e Questembert h t Gueméné- Châteaubriant Segré Auray Sar Château-du-Loir 7 la Flèche The Normandy Vannes Redon Penfao Îles de Groix Muz illac (Normandie) coastline Erdre Baie Nozay de m The Paris Basin consists of Quiberon de is characterized by Loire-AtlantiquCan Blois Maine-et-Loire Château-Renault e Quiberon Blain a layered sequence of high chalk cliffs. Noyant T o Trélazé Pontchâteau Nort-sur-Erdre Angers Belle Île le Palais Guérand sedimentary rocks. Fertile LoirAncen is e Contres The gently rounded u Longué Tours u r Amboise soils over much of the area Pointe du Croisic LoireA n j o Saumur Langeais summits of the la Baule- St-Nazaire a C e make good agricultural land. r he r The coastline Escoub In d Nantes Chemillé Doué-laVosges are over 200 Pointe du St-Gildaslac Azay-le-Rideau i Fontaine Rezé of France is 8 Beaupréau Vihiers Indre-etmillion years old. Loire Lac de Île de Pornic Vertou 2141 miles MontreuilChinon Loches GrandeClisson Noirmoutier Ste-MaureBellay Cholet (3427 km) long. Lieu Noirmoutier-en-l’Île Richelieu de-Touraine Mortagne-sur-Sèvre Machecoul Montaigu Descartes Beauvoir-sur-Mer Mauléon Argenton- Thouars Loudun Châtillonles Herbiers Challans Château C sur-Indre B Airvault Bressuire Buzançais St-Jean-de-Monts Châtellerault Pouzau ges e gn la Rochee StDeu xsur-Yon Île d'Yeu Cr GillesParthenay oix-de-Vie le Blanc la Mothe- Ven dée Sèvr Chauvigny es Poitiers Achard les Sables-d'Olonne Fontenay-le-Comte St-Savin The folded Jura Vien ne la Trimouille Luçon form low ridges and St-Maixent-l'Ecole Lusignan Montmorillon long narrow valleys. Niort Pe r t u Couhé Vivonne Lussac-les-Châteaux is B The Biscay coast, Marans r Île de Ré eto The Alps were forced la Souterraine like the Mediterranean, n Melle-sur-Bretonne Civray up during several le Dorat 10 la Rochelle Surgères is characterized by flat G ar te m Pe r t u i s d ’ pe phases of mountainAn t i o sandy beaches, Bellac che building beginning 65 BessinesCha rent e- Ruffec Confolens interspersed with sur-Gartempe million years ago. Île d'Oléron Rochefort St-Jean-d'Angély lagoons. Cha Vi le Château d’Oléron rente Mar itim e Mansle e nne Limoges Marennes Rochechouart St-Junien Matha Rouillac Char ente la Tremblade Saintes la Rochefoucauld Cognac Pointe de la Coubre Ta Hauterd o i re Garonne Basin 11 Saujon Jarnac Royan Châlus Vienne Pointe Angoulême de Grave ChâteauneufSt-YrieixCorsica’s northeastern Pons sur-Charente Rhône Basin Soulac-sur-Mer m Nontron la-Perche peninsula has dramatic Jonzac The Pyrenees The Dordogne region M o Barbezieux- i cliffs of folded é s Brantôme form a natural contains spectacular Is l e St-Hilaire Mirambeau limestone. The ancient Massif Rhône Delta Thiviers border between examples of limestone Lesparre-Médoc Montendre re D ro n n e Central, disturbed by France and Spain. scenery including Chalais ézè Pauillac Auv the formation of the St-Laurent-Médoc Rhône caves and gorges. Montguyon Périgueux 12 Blaye Lac Alps, was subject to d'HourtinSt-Andrévolcanism that only Coutras Dordogne Carcans de-Cubzac Mussidan ceased during the Montignac Lacanau Delta plain St-Médard-en-Jalles Gironde Libourne Montpon-Ménestérol last 10,000 years. Souillac Bergerac Lalinde Mérignac The marshes of Cenon Sarlat-laMérignac Castillon-la-Bataille Do Bassin the Camargue rdogne Canéda Bordeaux Pessac Talence d'Arcachon Sauveterre-de-Guyenne Gourdon Arcachon Gujan-Mestras  The volcanic landscape m Deposition in the Rhône D ropt 13 Cap Ferret la Teste Cadillac la Réole of the Auvergne where the Delta is wave-dominated. Miramont-de-Guyenne Langon Ga cones of its extinct Sea currents carry river Fumel Puy-l'Evêque ronn MarmCancon Étang de ande Bélin-Béliet e Bazas Biscar Villeneuverosse volcanoes have worn away sediments extending the t sur-Lot et de Parentis Cahors Lo Tonneins to leave ‘plugs’ of lava. delta plain westwards. Parentis-en-Born Casteljaloux Lot-et Captieux Mimizan Lauzerte on Labouheyre Garon ne Agen Sabres LabritHoueillès Tarn-etNérac 14 Morcenx Moissac Mézin Roquefort Castelsarrasin ar Today the main French growth industries are hi-tech, including microCastet n s Montauban Léon Landes Condom BELGIUM Garonne M electronics, telecommunications and aerospace. Other important Mont BeaumontFleurance Roubaix Tartas Marsa-deEauze St-Paul-les-Dax u de-Lomagne n Lille sectors are the nuclear industry, only rivalled in scale by that of the . Aire-sur-l'Adour Nogaro nel n St-Vincent-de-Tyrosse Dax Gers Hagetmau an o h GE a ac ur Amiens C Capb reton R USA, car manufacture, dominated by the giants Renault and h le Havre e Luy Toulouse Auch is Rouen gl r Peyrehorade de Fr Bayonne Metz En Ad o u Peugeot and a highly diversified tourist industry. Reims Anglet Toulouse Caen Orthe z Strasbourg Mirande PARIS Salies de-Béarn Biarritz HauteSt-Jean-de-Luz Lombez PyrénéesG Miélan Cap Higuer Muret le Mans Major industry Rennes e Hasparren ave Lacq Mourenx Masseube d S Garonne Henda Mulhouse ye Orléans 'O Atla a CamboRabastens-de-Bigorre Angers lo ntiques Vic-en-Bigor and infrastructure Auterive la Rhune les-Bains re Tours Dijon Besançon Boulogne-sur-Gesse 900m Pau Nantes Tarbes Castelnau-Magnoac Mauléon-Licharre n r a Martres-Tolosane The transport network aerospace industry B é St-Jean-Pied-de-Port Oloron-SteBoussens FRANCE Marie Pontacq Tournay car manufacture Lannemezan Cazères ClermontOrhy 555,473 miles 7305 miles 16 chemicals Pic Hautesd'Anie Ferrand 2021m St-Gaudens Ariège Lourdes Lyon Limoges (894,050 km) (11,758 km) Laruns 2504m Sal Bagnères-de-Bigorre engineering St-Étienne Pierrefitte-Nestalas Pyrénée s hi-tech industry Grenoble Cauterets Arreau St-Béat St-Girons 10,399 miles 1159 miles Bordeaux nuclear power Pic du Midi Pic du Midi de Bigorre Balaïto d'Oss us au 2884m (16,737 km) (1863 km) tourism 2872m 3144m Tarascon-sur-Ariège Col du Somport Nîmes Vignemale Bagnères-de-Luchon 1631m Montpellier Pic de Mauberme Nice MONACO capital cities 3298m The French TGV (Train à Grande Vitesse) leads 2880m Toulouse major towns Marseille Pica d’Estats A the world in high-speed train technology, SE 3143 international airports 17 N Corsica and provides a service which can be faster, 104 A S E ANDORRA major roads P A AN door-to-door, than air travel. 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Vermenton Gien Champlitte Belfor n Vesoul B e u v ro Delle Montbard Is-sur-Tille Sau Briare Montbéliard ôn Audincourt Sa n Gray ey o Plateau de Valentign n g Clamecy O Avallon Vitteaux Langres Aubigny-sur-Nère et-Cher Baume-les-Dames Cosne-Cours Salbris Varzy Dijon Pesmes Maîche -sur-Loire Romorantin-Lanthenay Sancerre Chenôve Auxonne Besançon Mo Saulieu Selles-sur-Cher Nièvre C h e r r Vierzon Corbigny Valençay Ornans Doubs Arnay-le-Duc la Charité-sur-Loire D oubs Mehun-sur-Yèvre Niv Vatan Bourges e Beaun Dôle er Seurre St-FlorentLevroux Nevers n a ChâteauPontarlier Chinon Issoudun sur-Cher la GuercheImphy i Arbois ny Chag Autun Indre sur-l’Aubois Decize y Châteauroux y Polign s Sancoin ot le Creus Chalon-sur-Saône on A B e r r r Dun-sur-Aur ontrond Jura Champagnole nd S e ill e Saône-et-e Loire r Lignières Ar non St-Amand-M Montceau-les-Mines -le-Saunier Lons n s Lancy Bourbonro Louhans Cérilly Morez St-Vallier G 108 la Châtre Moulins Gueugnon Châteaumeillant Tournus Digoin Argenton-sur-Creuse G e n e va Allier ake Aigurande Cluny L laude St-C ins Pont-deÉvian-les-Ba Paray-leGex St-Pourçain- VarennesVaux Thonon-les-Bains Montluçon Mâcon Oyonnax sur-Sioule sur-Allier le Donjon Monial Boussac lais b a g-enCommentry Bour Crêt de Ch Lapalisse Marcigny Do Bresse Annemasse la Neige Charlieu mb Nantua 1718m Guéret St-Julien-en-Genevois Cusset Belleville Cluses es Bonneville BellegardeSt-Eloy- Gannat Vichy e Creuse e Rhôn vo ie Chamonix-Mont-Blanc e Auzances les-Mines Ain sur-Valserinen-Bugey Hautelan-Sa h s e Villefranchec che Roann Sal Ambérieu-e r sur-Saône Aubusson Annecy Tarare e Puy-de-Dôme Rumilly Mont Blanc Lac M a Bourganeuf i o ul Felletin Riom d'Annecy 4807m du Lac Little St-Bernard Villeurbanne Belley ne Bourget Thiers Puy de Dôme 1464m Boën Feurs Ugine Pass 2188m Satolas Lyon Eymoutiers Clermont-Ferrand ertville ains Alb les-B Aix106 re Loi Bourgoinice la Courtine Montbrison Givors Jallieu la Tour-du-Pin re Bourg-St-Maur Chambér y Plateau Is è e de Sancy Puy e r Vienn rt è tiers Issoire Ambe Moû de Val d'Isère Véz Rive-de-Gier Ussel 1885m Col de l'Iseran Millevaches Monts St-Chamond Savo ie St-Just-St-Rambert 2762m Égletons Neuvic Voiron Dore Isère ean-de- if Firminy Grande Casse 3852m nne St-Étie repaire Uzerche Beau Bort-les-Orgues St-J Mont Cenis du o d Col e l a Van Brioude la Chaise-Dieu Monistrol-sur-Loire Corrèze ne Riom-èsSt-Egrève Maurienne 2083m St-MarcellinMontagnes Massiac Annonay Modane Tulle re i o le r ard nob le-Moll L Gre Do Pic du Thabor Mauriac Monts du Haute-Loire Yssingeaux Brive-la-Gaillarde Grandes Rousses 3204m Romans-sur3468m CantalCantal Col du Lautaret Langeac Isè Isère Pléaux Plomb du Cantal Murat on Tourn Vizille 2058m Argentat Col de Montgenèvre 1855m St-Flour les Ecrins Lamastre Puy le 1850m 4102m la Mure la Mo M o n t s d u Guilherand Aurillac Vic-sur-Cère çon M Brian Valence uy Veymont Mont Mézenc e St-Céré e Grand ur-Rhôn rd St-ChélyVoulte-s la Cheyla n le 2341m g o sée 1753m -Bes D o rd re-la Cère é entiè n l’Arg i h p d’Apcher u a Vi v e rai s Crest D Privas Col de la CroixSt-Bonnet Guillestre Mur-de-Barrez Gramat Die Haute 1177m Loriol-surArd èche Maurs es Cot tian Drôm Ardè Alp tesHau e Drôm Laguiole Langogne Bayard Figeac Lot A Gap Col Lot Entraygues- u Nasbinals Lozèr e Drôm e Aubenas Alp s R 1248m Decazeville sur-Truyère b r a Marvejols Montélimar rd Capdenac Talla c es Pa r p a i Veyn g A ues Viviers Espalion Mende ce L ot Dieulefit Cajarc Aubin es n Serr Andéol Bourg-StBarcelonnette Uba Aveyron Mont Lozère Nyons Mont Pelat VillefrancheDu Pierrelatte Valréas Ste-Énimie 1699m Alpes-de3051m de-Rouergue Avey ron Rodez n Laragne-Montéglin ar Allos é vFlorac Cèze O uv è z e ri Pont-St-Esprit Séverac-le- C e enc Bollène rov te-P tim e Hau main a-Ro Vaison-l Château la Grande-Combe Var Ga e Alps Sisteron r Caylus Naucelle r Cèze u d ls-sura Bagno i Aigoual Mont V Tende Ventoux 1909m Mont Caussade e Orang Alès 1565m ne Gard Dig pe sAl ntras H Carpe Millau St-Jean-du-Gard ér Cordes Réquista es Sorgu ier alqu Uzès Forc Anduze luse aux Vauc Carm le Vigan Ma rit im es e Remoulins Mont Ganges Ta r ôn Avignon L'Isle-sur-la-Sorgue h ron Gaillac Albi Chei R MONACO St-Affrique Cavaillon Apt Menton 1777m Vence VillemurBeaucaire St-Rémy-deMONACO Manosque Castellane Alban Nîmes sur-Tarn P u o r D a r ce Ni odonv e n c e Provence nce Tarascon Graulhet Dad Grasse ur Côte d’Az Ag Lodève er er Vauvert Arles ou Salon-de-Provence Pertuis V Vallauris Cagnes-sur-M Tarn Lacaune Gir t ou Montpellier Lunel St-GillesBouch le Cannet Antibes es Rhône e Bédarieux es-due Castres ClermontCannes Cap d'Antib us Mauguio C a m a r g u e Miramas Étang de Th Puylaurens Aix-en-ProvencergenVa r Draguig nan or é d o c l'Hérault le GrauE spino Étang de A s Labruguière u e Héraul t Istres Berre Gardanne St-Raphaël St-Pons-deVaccarès g du-Roi O Revel Mazamet Thomières a n rb Pézenas Mèze Provence e s Fréjus les Stes-Maries- Berre-l’Étang Brignoles Montag ne Noire Frontignan de-la-Mer nane ur L Béziers Bassin de Sète Martigues Marig Villefranche-de-Lauragais is Thau Port-Sainto v e Castelnaudary M i n e r i Aubagn St-Tropez Louis-du-Rhone Cogolin Ca M di Agde Cap d'Agde Cap Camarat t e n a l du rs on ul Lézignan-Corbières Carcassonne To tte Cap Croise Cavalaire-sur-Mer ô o i n la Ciotat L Trèbes Saverdun Narbonne u Hyères C Sanary-sur-Mer Pamiers Étang de Bages et de Sigean d Six-Fours-les-Plages la Sey neud Mirepoix Aude Sigean Port-la-Nouvelle Cap Sicie sur-Mer Îles d'Hyères fe Limoux Foix Lavelanet Leucate i è re s orb Pic du Bugarach Étang de Leucate  In the sunny climate of t-B Quillan C 1230m Ar i ar t llet southern France olives, e-Fenoui St-Paul-d Axat è ge h é l e vines, peppers, garlic and Rivesaltes A g l y t T ê Ax-lesIlle-sur-Têt lavender now grow in place Thermes Pyrénées -PradesRoussillon Perpignan Elne of the forests that once Col de Puymorens 1915m ch Argelès-sur-Mer e T Orientale s le Boulou endres covered much of the area. Céret des Albères Port-V Mont-Louis e Puigmal d'Err Arles-sur-Tech Cap Cerbère aîn 2910m Prats-deMolloN P Q S T U V la-Preste O

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 The rugged hills and cliffs of Corsica were uplifted when the African and Eurasian plates collided. Frost action during the Ice Age created their present form.

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 The Romans first introduced wine-making to France when they occupied the region. Traditional vineyards can be found all over France, producing many of the world’s classic wines.

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France is western Europe’s leading agricultural producer, and benefits from high levels of eu subsidy. The variation in climate and soils across the country provides great potential for agriculture and forestry, reflected in the range of products cultivated, including cereals, olives, herbs, and grapes for its famous wines.

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NORD-PAS-DE-CALAIS Condé-sur-l'Escaut Montreuil Lens Douai A Liévin Bruay-sur-l'Escaut r Berck-Plage CHesdin Denain Au an St-Pol-sur- t o Jeumont Valenciennes thi c h Ternoise e Arras i Nord Hautmont Maubeuge Auxi-le-Château br Givet Cambrai -Helpe Doullens Caudr y Sam Avesnes-sur Bapaume Abbeville sis Cateau-Cambré le So Somme Fourmies Fumay mm Albert la Capelle Revin s Péronne Hirson e Blangy-surAmiens Ardenn Bresle se Oi Moreuil ville Nouzon St-Quentin Ham Aumale Poix-deMarle Av u r e Roye Picardie Charleville-MézièresSedan la Fère Montdidier Noyon Tergnier Aisne Arde nnes Breteuil le Chesne Chauny Rethel Laon

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Cabo Ortigueira Cervo Prior LluancoCabo de Peñas Viveiro Narón Foz Tapia de Casariego Candás Ría de Ferrol Avilés Ned a B eta A N D O R R A , G I B R A LTA R , P O R T U G A L , Eu Riba Gijón (Xixón) C o s t a Ve rd e deo nzo me Fene A Coruña s Navia Luarca Castropol Pravia Villaviciosa Enc oro do N Eum (La Co ruñ a) e Oviedo Salas S PA I N ( A z o r e s , C a n a r y I s l a n d s , M a d e i r a o n p . 6 4 ) Ribadesella Pontedeume Mondoñedo La Pola Siero Les Arriondes Llanes A Carreira Laracha Cambre Tineo Grau L’Infies tu Carballo Cangues d’Onís Vila lba Bet anz Llangr Camariñas os Gui éu Oviedo San Vicente The Iberian peninsula is separated from the rest of tiriz Baio A Co ru ña ce a Vim la Barquera AST URI AS MieresLadelPola Llaviana dePeña Santa Cataliña Rábade A Fonsagrada Cabo Touriñán ianzo Vieja Camín Curtis de Armada Cang as Europe by the Pyrenees, and at its most southerly del Narc ea 2570m Ordes Cabana quinta e r Peña Ubiña Potes Corcubión La Pola Santiago de Lugo Lu go Puerto de Leitariegos Ta m b ropa u E e 2417m d point is only 5 miles (8 km) from North Africa. Puerto de Pajares Cabo Fisterra Compostela Arzúa 1525m cos Neg Melide 1379m O Corgo Miravalles Nadela Pi Peña Prieta A Serra de Outesreira Villablino Santiago 1969m The location of Iberia has been central to its Noia Muros Palas de Rei Becerreá Riaño 2536m la Ul La Vecill a La Pola de Cervera Sarria oia Padrón diverse history. The Greeks, Carthaginians, Romans, Ría de Muros e NBoi de Curueño del Pisuerga Murias de Paredes Gordón A Estrada ro Cistierna Porto de Pedrafita Lalín Encoro de Belesar La Robla Guardo Pa l e n c i a Po nt eved ra 1110m Visigoths and most recently the Moors, invaded Santa Uxía de Rib Vilagarcía Almanza Caldas de Reis eira usa Monforte Villafranca del Bierzo Bembibre Chantada Cambados León León Ría de Aro de Lemos Iberia at various times. For much of the 20th century, Gradefe n s Ponf errada Ponteved eó O Carballiño Quiroga A Rúa de eL Illa de Ons Marínra sd Herrera de Ponte Caldelas Valdeorras Cabr both Spain and Portugal were governed by right-wing nte Astorga Saldaña Pisuerga o e R ía de Ponte vedra Ou r ren Hospital de Orbigo M Rib se ada D ue (Orense) via Cangas O Barco Redondela rna Osorno A Pobra de Trives Sahagún dictators. Since the establishment of democratic governments in the Vi Villamañán A Cañiza Carrión de Illas Cíes go Valencia de El Teleno los Condes go Ponteareas Allariz Peña Trevinca La Bañez mid-1970s, modernization has been rapid and both countries are now Don Ría de Vi Ou a Juan 2183m ren se Paredes 2025m Baiona Tui O Porriño Celanova Villada de Nava Mayorga Melgaço Valença do Minho Viana do Bolo among the most popular of European holiday destinations. Monção Bande a Frechilla Pueb Valdera la s de A Sana Gud Xin bria iña i zo o o de Limia A Guarda Miñ inh VIANA DO Lim Villalón Benavente M Monterrei Sie Tera de Campos Palencia CASTELO Caminha Rio r ra Verín de laVillanueva Arcos de Valdevez s Ponte de Lima l aC E del Campo Vinhais Montalegre Ponte da Barca ul Tábara Bragança Viana do Castelo e Dueñas im a Villalpando Medina de Ríoseco Vila Verde Rio L ue Boticas T Alcañ ices Chaves Sequillo Va l l a d o l i d Valoria io T The principal crops grown in Iberia are r Ven da Villarde Nov B Barcelos frades RAGA a ás Valpaços Embalse Z a m o r a la Buena -o Esposende B R A G A N Ç A de Ricob Braga Vila Pouca Mota del Marqués ayo cereals, especially wheat and barley. Both de Aguiar s-M Macedo de Cavaleiros Cávado Guimarães o Vila Nova de Fam n Vallado D t lid Toro Fafe Mirandela es e Miranda do Douro ue Póvoa de Varzim alicão Tudela de countries are major wine producers, most Murça Alto Felg Ave ro Zamora Tordesillas Duero Santo ueiras Vila do Conde Douro Tua Bermillo de Sayago Leça da Palmeira Porto Tirso Rueda E Cuéllar notably of Rioja, sherry and port. Sheep VILA REALRio Mogadouro res P O RT O Amarante Vila Rea Vila Corral es Matosinhos Nava del Rey m S l Fermoselle are kept throughout the region, and citrus afiel Porto (Oporto) Peso da Régua Flor Rio ValongPen Fuentesaúco o Medina del Torre de Moncorvo Olmedo Embalse de Vila Nova de Gaia Gondomar t o r a l Campo fruits thrive on the Mediterranean coast. o D i Freix uro o de Espada Almendra Douro L Lamego Espinho à Cinta Cinfães Serra m The steep, terraced slopes of the de Montemuro Vila Nova Ledesma The successful forest industry in Iberia Vitigudino Santa Maria da Fei AV EI RO de Foz Côa Madrigal de las Arévalo ra Rio Pa1382m B Douro Valley in northern Portugal, eira A iva Salamanca Ovar São João Hu Altas Torres Montuenga l produces 84% of the world’s cork. t a e Oliveira de Azemé b are used to cultivate vines. The Cas da tro Daire Madeira is Peñaranda de Bracamonte Lumbrales ra S a l a m anca Estarreja São Pedro do Sul G U A R D A grapes harvested produce Portugal’s Alba de Tormes Pinhel VI uga famous port wine. Aveiro Bay of Biscay Trancoso La Fuente de Albergaria-S E U Ri o Vo Dão io Ílhavo R Vis Alm eu eida San Esteb a-V an elha FRAN Villacastín Celorico da Beira Vagos CE Águeda Mangualde Ciudad-Rodrigo Vilar Guarda la Tondela Nelas Ávila de nciaGuijuelo Formoso d e go n o a rr ra Anadia ANDORRA Gouveia Ri o M Sie de F Santa Com ba Dão Mealhada da a Sequeros Ávila ue a d a E s t re l a Peñ Braga Cebreros Cantanhede Mortágua Ág Serr Belmonte Piedrahita Alto da Torre Barcelona aGabrEmbalse de Alberche Oporto Montemor-o-V t Sabu gal Béjar El Barco a CO IM BR A Alva 1993m Cov de Ávila San Martín de iel y Galán elho G Cabo Mondego e ilhã d o s Valdeiglesias S PA I N go Coimbra Arganil Figueira da Foz r ra de Gred res Zêzere nde Lou Calvitero lea Arenas de San Pedro MADRID ier ra Rio sã CASTELO Sie Góis Rio Mo Ba Hoyos 2401m Jer te S Almanzor 2592m PORTUGAL Fun Almorox s dão Mir Pen Sou and ela re a do Corvo a Jarandilla de la Vera Escalona ANCO Montehermoso n Pampilhosa daBR Candeleda Serra Pombal Castanheira de Pêr Jaráiz de la Vera Tiétar Valencia Mon sant Maqueda o a Bei ra LISBON Coria Embalse del Rosarito Bai xa Idanha-a-Nova Plasencia Talavera de la Reina Torrijos Torrejoncillo Marinha Grande Malpartida de Plasencia Setúbal Tagus To l e d o Embalse de Alcántara Leiria Navalmoral Oropesa LE IR IA Ourém Sertã Castelo Branco Cañaveral La Puebla de de la Mata Proença-a-Nov El Puente a Bat Montalbán Alcántara Nazaré alha Seville Tomar Bar ragem do del Arzobispo Land use and Garrovillas Fátima Farilhões Embalse de Castelo do Bode Vila Velha de Ródão EA Jaraic Alc ejo oba Los Navalmorales Ilha da Berlenga ça Brozas Valdeca N ñas SA Ma NT ção A agricultural AR ÉM s Caldas da RA La Nava de C á c e r e s lmonte Constância Torres g u Nisa Arroyo Navahermosa Rainha TER Ricomalillo distribution Cáceres Ta MEDI de la Luz Novas Abrantes Cas Pen e Óbidos e Toledo Ent telo ron Vale Cabo Carvoich de cam ncia Vid ent Trujil e de Alcántara o lo Rio Maior eiro ontes d Guadal upe M Chamusca Madroñera sheep Serra de São Mamede Bombarral e Malp d artid a de a Cáce r San res Alia r Vice Lo r Santarém nte Aliseda urinhã Embalse Alpiarça Pon cereals 1027 Sie ad alup e So The urban/rural population divide te r de eira de Seda m de Cíjara Gu Almeirim de Sor Portale de Alcántara citrus fruit Logrosán ira Rib Montánchez Zorita s tSerra de Cartaxo Bar rag Alter do Chão gre Alburquerque r ra em de Embalse Torres VedrasE Montejunto de urban 68% rural 32% olives Rib ate Montargil PO RT AL EG RE de García de Solá 666m Azambuja jo Bar ragem do vineyards La Roca de la SierraSan P Miajadas Herrera del Duque Montargil Ma Madrigalejo Ericeira L I S B O A Salvaterr e d ro ranhão Monforte cork Benavente a de Magos Navalvillar de Pelea Mafra Vila Franca de Xir Coruche Mora Avis Fronteira Campo Lisboa Talarru Loures capital cities 100 Santa Amalia Embalse de Puebla bias 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Alverca do Ribate aRio Sor raia Sousel Sin Talavera Montijo Maior de Alcocer Orellana Don Benito be jo Cabo da Roca tra Sacavém major towns la Real ira d e Villanueva Estr Méri emo da z T Embalse del Zújar er Puebla de la Calzada de la Serena Estoril Oeiras Population density Total land area Borba Elvas pasture Arr aiol (L Bad os IS Lobó Campa BO ajo Cascais n nario Vila Viçosa z N) Guareña Montijo Almada cropland Vendas Novas Cabeza e j o Ossa 660m 215 people per sq mile 230,569 sq miles rena La Albuera Almadén B a d a j o z L a S eCastue Barreiro Monte n t Serra d'Ossa forest Olivenza (83 people per sq km) (597,170 sq km) mor-o-Novo ra del Buey Almendralejo e l Setúbal Red Sant mountain region ond Marateca A a Mart o a Zalamea de la Serena Évora Sesimbra Barragem r Villafranca de los Barros Santa Eufemia to SE TÚ BA L Cabo Espichel úja R A Reg Alconchel do Alqueva Gu Al É V O a Fuente del Maestre Campillo de ZLleren uengos Rio Sa Barc R arro ta Via a Belalcázar dalme na do ibe do de Mo Los nsa Santo i z raz Alcar rache s de Maimona ra Alentejo Alcácer do Sal Tor Zafra D rão Peñarr oyaBaía de Setúbal Pozoblan Portel e Mourão co Oliva de Jerez de los Caballeros Pueblonuevo la Frontera Vidigueira lla Fuente de Cantos Amareleja Grândola Ardi Villanueva Cardeña Cuba Belméz Fregenal de la Sierra Since the 1970s, the economies of Spain and Portugal de Córdoba Santiago do Cacém LlerenaAzuaga Fuente Obejuna Ferreira do Alentejo Moura Rib e ira d e Ardil a Barrancos Embalse de Villavici Monesterio osa Sines have expanded and diversified. 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Lora del Río Palma del Río Espejo u a d a j o z La Carlota Cantillana Fernán Núñez Castro del Río La S Campa e ã v i c e na l l a s a d r i Valv v i V Mu erde u del Camino lq ra de Ecija La Rambla Montilla Baena uadaCarmona Sernchique 577m ib e ira Alcoutim La Palma del Ge Bay of Biscay La Algaba G R Aljezur Mo Monchique Trigueros Condado SanlúcarCamas La Luisiana F Gijón A R Aguilar Cabra O Sevi la Mayo lla (Seville) r Fóia Gibraleón Algarve A Coruña o FRANC Ode t leite Puente-G Priego de enil n Alcalá de Guadaira Bilbao 902m E Bollulos Par São Bar Ayamonte Lepe Cartaya Lucena Córdoba Herrera meu March ena Silves de Metolo del Condado Castro Marim ssin Mog es Rute uer Vitoria-Gasteiz Estepa Por Dos Herm timão Benamejí Iznájar anas Almonte Coria Vila do Bispo São Brás de Isla Cristina Palos de Osuna ANDORRA Vigo Lagoa Loulé la Frontera Arahal del Río Alportel Vila Real de Aguadulce Embalse Lagos Los Palacios Villafranca Utrera Albufeira Braga Faro Tavira Santo António Huelv La Roda La Puebla Sagres de Iznajar Valladolid Barcelona a Marismasydel Morón de la de Zaragoza Faro Cabo de São Vicent Oporto Cazallade Andalucía e Frontera Olhão Guadalquivir Campillo s Aveiro Archidona Montellano Cabo de Santa Maria Las Cabezas de San Juan Teba eares Antequera Olvera Bal Lebrija MADRID s PORTUGAL a Trebujena a Colmenar Algodonales Bornos d Palma n Villamartin Álora Sanlúcar de Barrameda Ro Arcos de la S PA I N Grazalema LISBON Valencia de M á l a g a Jerez de la Frontera Frontera e a Torrecilla í t Ronda Ubriq 64 e ue l a n Rota Guad 1919m Málaga Rincón de ra Alicante Setúbal El Puerto de Santa María Coín Ser la Victoria Cádiz Murcia Alhaurín el Grande Bahía de Cadiz Medina Torremoli Córdoba nos C Jimena de la Marbella Cartagena Sidonia Cádiz o Fuengirola Frontera Gaucín Seville San Fernando Granada Huelva Punta de Chiclana e Alcalá de Málaga N Calaburra Estepona de la Frontera A los Gazules The transport network b ol NE r a B A Vejer de la Frontera RR del S San Roque a t s 241,720 miles 1552 miles MEDITE o Barbate de Franco Los C La Línea Barrios (388,990 km) (2529 km) Cabo de Trafalgar GIBRALTAR Algeciras Europa uz Major industry and infrastructure (to UK) Point 11,793 miles 1159 miles Punta Marroquí Tarifa  The eroded cliffs of the (18,979 km) (1865 km) t l a a r capital cities car manufacture r b i G Algarve in southern Portugal Punta Almina it of major towns chemicals were carved by Atlantic waves. St ra Ceuta (to Spain) Radiating from Madrid, the road network in international airports engineering The numerous rocky bays and Spain dates from the 18th century, but now major roads fish processing beaches, and the region’s includes many motorways. Portugal’s road major industrial areas mining pleasant climate, have made it system has been completely modernized in textiles 74 recent years. a popular tourist destination. tourism

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 The climate in northwestern Spain is milder in both summer and winter than in the rest of the country, creating a verdant environment, more commonly associated with northwestern Europe.

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Elevation

Population 1 million to 5 million

3000m / 9843ft

500,000 to 1 million 100,000 to 500,000

2000m / 6562ft Cabo de Ajo Santoña 50,000 to 100,000 Donostia/ Castro- Plentzia 1000m / 3281ft 2 10,000 to 50,000 Torrelavega Laredo UrdialesAlgortaBermeo San Sebastián Irun Larrún Gernika-Lumo Cabezón Ramales Santurtzi 500m / 1640ft 900m Zarautz below 10,000 de la Sal de la Victoria Portugalete Bilbao Errenteria Los Corrales San Vicente Arizgoiti Eibar Andoain Hernani Valle de 250m / 820ft Buelna Gipuzkoa Durango de Barakaldo CANTAValnera Tolosa Laudio Bizkaia Bergara 1718m Zumárraga 100m / 328ft Villasana de Mena B R I A Embalse del Ebro Amurrio Orhi Arrasate 2021m Beasain Lekunberri ti Reinosa (Mondragón) Urduña sea level Cilleruelo Irurtzun 3 Balaïtous de Bezana Villarcayo Altsasu 3144m Pamplona (Iruña) Trespaderne Salvatierra Tuc de Maubermé Álava ale Vignem Somport d’Estats Pica 2880m La Puebla de Arganzón Aguilar de (Agoitz) Aoiz ncVitoria-Gasteiz 3298m Canfra 1631m 3143m O ca Sedano Campóo Vielha Estación Puente la Reina Treviño Monte Perdido Miranda de Ebro Aneto Lumbier Sigües Biar 3348m 3404m ra Estella Embalse de Yesa LA VELLA Haro Ebr Briviesca ANDORRALlív Portbou Jaca Sabiñánigo Laguardia ia Villadiego N A V A R R A Sangüesa a Santo Domingoo Llançà Burgos Sos del Rey Católico Boltaña Éser Ara Sort Tafalla Olite dà m Logroño gcer 2910 r Pui d'Er Calzada la de Cap de Creus Puigmal Peña de Oroel Melgar de Fernamental Ainsa Lodosa Cenicero La Seu d’Urgell 1770m Toretta de l’Orrí ag Cadaqués Ribes de Freser Figueres Belorado Nájera a Ausejo Burgos 4 Navarrete Ar 2439m Santa Eulalia S i e r ra d e Gu a ra Hu e s c Roses El Villar de Arnedo La Pobla de Lillet El Fluv ià Toretta de Cadí 2562m de Gállego Calahorra B á r d e n a s Torrecilla en Cameros es Ripoll Olot Ros de lf r de Go Segu Puntón es de Sádaba a yol Soto s Pobl El Ban Rincón de La Grau Ayerbe n Berga LA RIOJA Guara 2078m Gi ro na Girona Sie R e a l e s Ejea de los Grado n Tremp L lei da Alfaro r r a d e a D e m a n d a Arnedo la (Gerona)La Bisbal d’Empordà l s Caballero lla Ar u one na r a 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Coloma de Gr Juneda Zaragoza Villaroya San Esteban Les Borges Blanques Badalona o de la Sierra de Gormaz de Almunia La gat bre Almazán Seròs Llo C Duero Montblanc Sant Feliu de Bujaraloz Quinto Pina Doña Godina ón s gat edè bre Ayllón Pen Berlanga de Duero Maials Llo del ca de let fran Vila ospita Ateca Cariñena El Prat de Llobregat L'H Embalse 6 Ebro CeS e g ov i a Boceguillas Villasayas Valls Calatayud Sitges Barcelona ga de Mequinenza Belchite Riaza Azaila El Vendrell Geltrú La Ariza i Flix a nov Vila Sepúlveda Atienza Arcos de Jalón Falset s Reu Cantalejo Caspe a Huer v Puerto de Móra d'Ebre Medinaceli Híjar a Somosierra 1449m Daroca Ta r r a g o n abrils SalouTarragon de ma Alcañiz Km Muniesa Cam Sigüenza esa r a r r aBuitrago del Lozoya 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Gand Maranchón Andorra ín Segovia i Alcolea del da Calan Aragoncillo S di Jor t Pinar Peñalara San de lf sa Go Lozoyuela Alcori llo es Cogolludo Pere 1518m El Calamocha Valderrobr 2430m 30 50 60 40 20 80 70 0 5 10 s 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Orden Honrubia Motilla del Los A Paterna Burjassot Llucmajor Fel Belmonte Requena a Alarcón Palancar Minglanilla Yébenes Madridejos Villafranca de Valencia Santanyí eP Mota del Cuervo d Iniesta Consuegra los Caballeros ia Las Pedroñeras B ad Pedro Muñoz Urda Herencia s Ca Mag r Buñol Torrent Catarroja San Clemente Cap de ses Saline Campo de Criptana br ie e Calderina Silla Tarazona Alcázar l Va l e n c i a Algemesí 1208m de San Juan de la Mancha Casas 10 Villarrobledo Ibáñez t Algine Socuéllamos Sueca Illa de Cabrera Cofrentes Porzuna Villarrubia de los Ojos Cullera La Roda Mahora Júcar L’Alcúdia Malagón a Ibiz Alzira Tomelloso La Mancha La Gineta Alberic Daimiel Carcaixent Ayora Santa Eulalia del Río Argamasilla de Alba Piedrabuena Munera Barrax Tavernes de la Valldigna ny Albacete Molatón Sant Antoni de Portma Ciudad Real Manzanares ia ia 1245m Gand Tala sa Enguera Sant Josep de Xàtiva El Bonillo Balazote La Solana Oliva Chinchilla de ssa Talaiassa Eivi Ciudad Real M 487m Monte Aragón Almansa Dénia Cabo de San Antonio (Ibiza) Albaida Almagro Bolaños de CalatravaAzuer o de Jávea (Xàbia) Pego Moral de Calatrava amp Ontinyent A l b a c e t e Pozo Cañada Jabalón Gata de Gorgos Formentera Valdepeñas C Villahermosa taina sa 11 Cocen Benis Montealegre Robledo Cabo de La Nao Almodóvar del Campo Alcoy (Alcoi) Aitana Villanueva de los Infantes del Castillo Callosa d'En Sarrià Calzada de Calatrava a bari Bar 1557m de Caudete Cap a Villena Ibi Calpe Alcaraz Puertollano n e Santa Cruz de Mudela m lcaraz Tobarra Altea Yecla ra de A Mund Sax A l i c a n t e al Benidorm Desfiladero de Sier o A vast plateau, the Meseta dominates the Hellín ad Elda Petrer Jijona Villajoyosa (La Vila Joíosa) Jumilla Riópar Despeñaperros Gu Almenaras Elche de la Sierra 961m n 1797m Carche Monóvar Novelda Sant Joan d’Alacant centre of the peninsula, enclosed by the Cenajo del Embalse Yeste 1372m Pinoso Cap de l’Horta Orcera Aspe Cordillera Cantábrica to the north and the (Alacant) nte Alica Segura de Beas Crevillent Santisteban del Puerto Alicante Cieza Calasparra 12 (Elx) La Carolina Navas de San Juan Villanueva del Arzobispo Elche Sierra Morena to the south. It is drained by Fortuna Segura Moratalla J Dolores Isla Plana Nerpio e Archena Bailén Linares ar Villacarrillo Segura de Callosa three major rivers, the Douro/Duero, the d m i Cehegín g Marmolejo Gu a d a l ra a Caravaca Mula Santomera Orihuela Se ier ibill de la Cruz Andújar Torreperogil Molina de Segura de lq Tagus, and the Guadalquivir. The peninsula Bullas Alcantarilla Baeza Ubeda Ta r ra da Arjona e ieja i a S u Murcia Torrev Sagra Puebla de Porcuna J a é n Peal de BecerroG Cazorla experiences great variations in climate and San Pedro del Pinatar 2382m Don Fadrique Quesada Alhama de Murcia Jaén Jódar Luc Totana Javier rainfall, both regionally and locally. San Mancha Real ian Huéscar Vélez Blanco hena a m The Pyrenees form Magina Mar Menor 13 l Torredelcampo 2167m Galera da Torre-Pacheco La Unión a Martos Iberia’s northeastern u Pozo Alcón Rubio Vélez On the northeastern G The Ebro river has formed the Mazarrón Huelma Lorca Cabo de Palos Alcaudete boundary, running for coast sea level changes peninsula’s largest delta. Castillo de Locubín s Cartagena Cúllar-Baza 270 miles (440 km), Zújar are evident from waveRecently, sediment flows have Cordillera Puerto Lumbreras Alcalá Baza de Golfo cut beaches which rise dividing the peninsula been seriously disturbed by Cantábrica La Real Aguilas Caniles Albox Iznalloz up to 200 ft (60 m) above nearby reservoirs. from the rest of Europe. Almanzora Mazarrón Montefrío Huercal-Overa Guadix Sierra de Purchena Pinos-Puente the present sea level. Tetica de Bacares Cuevas de Almanzora Baza ier Serón 2088m Granada ra d Vera 14 e los Filabres Loja G r a n a d a Fiñana Santa Fe Zubia Gérgal A l m e r í a Mojácar Douro/Duero river ra Ne va d a Puerto del Suspiro Sier r Sorbas del Moro 850m Padul Mulhacén Canjáyar Sie b 3481m Alhama Ugíjar Dúrcal Ca Nijar de Granada d a e r r G Orgiva e á i dor S The Meseta plateau Berja Vélez-Málaga Albuñol averages 1970 ft (600 m) Almería Dalías Torrox Motril in height and is now Golfo de Adra Nerja Almuñécar largely dry and treeless. Almería Cabo de Gata Cabo Sacratif Punta de las Entinas Tagus River Co Sol

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Mountain front Pediment

Weathered material

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m Pediments are characteristic of semi-arid lands across Iberia. A pediment is a flat, low-lying, eroded platform, cut into the bedrock. Weathered material is transported by streams and deposited in broad fan shapes on the pediment.

Isla de Alborán

Melilla (to Spain) Islas Chafarinas(to Spain)

R

S

The Balearic Islands (Islas Baleares) are characterized by jagged limestones and plains.

The Guadalquivir river brings vital irrigation water to the plains, and like many of Iberia’s rivers, is prone to flooding.

T

The Sierra Nevada in southern Spain contain Iberia’s highest peak, Mulhacén, which rises 11,418 ft (3481 m).

Sierra Morena

U

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 In the Sierra de los Filabres deforestation and overgrazing, which cause soil erosion, have created semi-desert badlands. X

17

Y

Z

105

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Great Saint Bernard Pass 2469m

Monte Cervino 4478m

Simplon Tunnel

4049m

Chiavenna

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108

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Tolmezzo

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Bressanone

Brenner Pass 1374m

I

 The island of Sardinia is an ancient land mass; an uplifted section of very old igneous rocks. Its rugged mountainous regions provide pasture for sheep and goats, while its valleys support some agriculture.

A U S T R Merano

J

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Costa Smeralda

The mainly mountainous and hilly Italian peninsula took its present form following a collision between the African and Eurasian tectonic plates. The Alps in the northwest rise to a high point of 15,772 ft (4807 m) at Mont Blanc (Monte Bianco) on the French border, while the Apennines (Appennino) form a rugged backbone, running along the entire length of the country.

TRENTINOBolzano ALTO ADIGE

Malles Venosta Silandro

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A N D L R E Z T I Lepontine Alps S W s p p Pen nin e Al LOMBARDIA l

108

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L

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116,320 sq miles (301,270 sq km)

40

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506 people per sq mile (195 people per sq km)

20

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The Strait of Messina (Stretto di Messina) is between 2 and 12 miles (3–19 km) wide, and is a rich fishing ground.

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capital cities major towns

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The distinctive square shape of the Gulf of Taranto (Golfo di Taranto) was defined by numerous block faults. Earthquakes are common in this region.

Q

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m The Dolomites (Alpi Dolomitiche) are formed of thick limestones, overlying weaker marine strata. They have distinctive serrated peaks and many massive landslides occur.

Sicily is the largest island in the Mediterranean at 9926 sq miles (25,708 sq km).

ERL

Turin

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Present-day crater has developed within the old crater of Monte Somma

m There have been four volcanoes on the site of Vesuvius since volcanic activity began here more than 10,000 years ago.

Vesuvius (Vesuvio)

The southwestern tip of Sicily lies 95 miles (152 km) from the north African mainland and is part of the same geological region.

O

The Pontine Marshes (Agro Pontino) are bounded by low sand hills which prevent natural drainage.

Italy produces 95% of its own food. The best farming land is in the Po Valley in northern Italy, where soft wheat and rice are grown. Irrigation is essential to agriculture in much of the south. Italy is a major producer and exporter of citrus fruits, olives, tomatoes and wine.

Old crater

Monte Somma

N

The Apennines (Appennino) are the source of most of Italy’s rivers. They run 823 miles (1324 km) down the length of the peninsula.

I A Using the land C ROAT

108

Sardinia is the second largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. The highest point is Punta La Marmora at 6017 ft (1834 m).

The Po Valley once formed part of the Adriatic Sea. Sediments of gravel, sand and clay washed down from the Alps gradually filling the bay and forming a broad, cultivable plain.

Pieve di Tag Cavalese Domodossola Cadore Sondrio liamento Passo del Tonale Gemona Cannobio Ed olo FRI Lago di ULI -VENEZIA del Friul A d d a i San Me Co zzolombardo Martino Lake Maggiore lico Adamello 3554m Passo dell’ Dufour Spitze Palla Monte Bianc di Castrozza Tarcento Luino Como Bellano Aprica Per gin nz GIU o e a LIA Tr en to Bell Me 4807m uno na Val Breuil - 4634m Omegna ggi sug ana o Verbania Bellagio Alagna Courmayeu Cervinia Stresa Borgo Valsugana r Cividale del Friuli San Pellegrino l Valse Varallo Varese Arco O g Breno Gressonesia Levico Terme Terme Vittorio Aosta Lecco Udine y St-Vincen St Little Saint Je an Clusone t Felt Pord Co re Ven enon Riv mo eto e a Bernard Pass VALLE D'AO Zo del gno Ga rda Darfo BorgomaneArona STA Tradate Cantù Codroipo Gorizia 2188m Rovereto Lov Conegliano Borgosesia ro Ma San Vito al Bergamo ere Cogne Merate lpensa Gallarate Bassano del Tagliamento Palmanova Tre Gran Paradiso sco Biella Ser re Bal egn Busto Arsizio Saronno neario Grappa Montebelluna o Monf 4061m alcone Desio Iseo Thiene Gardone Val Tro Oleggio Legnano Castelfranco Oderzo mpia LatisanaCervignano del Friuli Monza Ivrea Salò ve Schio Lago di Veneto Port Sesto San Trevig Rho ogru aro i Ch iari ve Treviso Cuor Brescia Giovanni Caravlio Garda Laguna di Grado nz Cittadella Lanzo gne aggio Rovato Santhià Vicenza a Desenzano Trieste Mogliano Marano Torinese Riva Novara Magenta Linate (Milan) San Donà di Piave del Garda rolo V E Ven N eto Muggia E T Ab O bia Ve ron teg Canavese a rasso Meleg Vercelli Bussoleno Mo ntic Gulf of hia Tries Jesol ri Marc te nan o Me Cr o stre o ema Vigevano Susa Caselle D ora R ip ari a Polo Mortara Manerbio Castiglione delle LodiA Sor Lido di Pad Jesol Ch ova o Stiv iva (Padua) Mira iere sso Bardonecch esina Verolanuova dd Venaria ia Dolo Venezia (Venice Garlasco o Po a Villafranca diSan Bonifacio Casal ) Laguna Monferratoe Verona Casalpusterlengo Ogl Oulx Pavia Rivoli i Mon o Veneta Perosa tagnana Este Po Codogno Gulf of Chieri (Turin) Mantova Mede Monselice Sestriere Argentina Chi Moncalieri ogg Leg ia nago Cremona Pinerolo P Broni Adige Valenza Venice IE M O N T E steggio Piacenza Carmagno Alessandria VoghCa la Cavarzere Rov era igo Torre Pelli l Bu Rev 112 As Ost sse ere ti to igli a Tanaro A Barge Racco ce Fio ren To zuola d’Arda Po Nizza Monferra rtona Varzi Adria nigi Castel Po to a n Monte Viso i Fid enz l'A r rqu a t ato t T Bra 3841m Foci del Po Guastalla Mirandola Bondeno Salsomaggiore Novi Ligure Co Copparo Alba Saluzzo o Bobbio Correggio Savigliano Terme Parma Ovada Carpi Panar Fin Ferrara Ac qu ale Fo i Te ssa rm no e a Dogliani o Reggio nell’ Emilia Emilia nn Codigoro Col de Larch M air Dr A p p e Busali n o L i g Bardi Cen Fornovo di Taro e Argentera onero la Valli di ur Cento Lan ghi Mo To ran rri den o Mo a Cuneo ndovì Ce Comacchio Comacchio L I G U R I glia Borgo Vae l EM IL IA -R OM AG va Arg Arenzan ro o A NA Borgo Panigale enta Ta di Taro Borgo San Reno rio (Genoa) stoforo Vignola Millesimo Va Cri LimoneDalmazzo BologBud t i Piem om Rapallo Pon na 120 rCol S Garessio tremoli azz bo Castelnovo m e onte Camogli Pavullo nel Medicina e Ch Sa iav vo ari ne' na Mo Monti Ravenna Frignano A l p s ngioie Lugo Cas A tel Ses San tri p Lev ante pen 2630m Pietro Terme na Finale Ligure Bagnacavallo Fivizzano ni Ta Imola Levanto no Loano Aulla Faenza G o l fo di Albenga T 102 Sar Cervia zan o Por a retta Alassio Brisighella For La Spezia Abetone Ter sc lì Genova Cesenatico Carrara me o -Firenzuola Lerici San Taggia Ma Cese Ma ssa na rcel lo Pistoiese Diano Marin E MONACO a Rocca San Bagni di m Forte dei Marmi Imperia Passo Rimini Casciano il Lucca 11 Pistoia della Collina Pescia Borgo Sani a SAN MARINO Lucca Mo Prato Lorenz Viareggio n o ntecatini m Sesto Fiorentino o Pesaro ra o me Bagno di Novafeltria Fir Ter(Flo Fiesole Fano a rence) Romagna Pisa enze o Arn Pontassieve Cascina Galileo Galilei o Urbino Empoli Impruneta ur A Senigallia a Pontedera San Miniato pp et M Livorno en San Giovanni Fossombrone Falconara Marittima Urba nia ni Valdarno Isola di Gorgona Chiaravalle Ancona Poggibo Cagli Montevarchi Sansepolcro n San Gimignano nsi Iesi 12 Arezzo Rosignano Maritt Città Vol terr di imo a Colle di o Castello MARCHEOsim Val d'Elsa Km Siena Loreto Cecina Pomarance 0 5 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Recanati Cortona Cingoli Gubbio Macerata Lago Fabriano TO SC AN A Asciano Civitanova Marche Trasimeno Umbertide 40 60 30 70 50 0 5 10 20 Massa Isola Capraia Miles Mon Tolen tepu tino lcian Porto San Giorgio o Marittima Fermo Per ugi a projection: Lambert Conformal Conic Roccastrada Montalcino Castiglione del Lago Piombino Assisi Follonica 13 Chiusi Isola UM BR IA Spello Grottammare Amandola Ripatransone O Arcidosso Città della d’ Elba Portoferraio Castiglione Folig Mon San Benedetto tefalc Piev Ascoli o Trevno e della Pescaia Gro Nera i sseto Piceno del Tront

5

4

The Italian peninsula is a land of great contrasts. Until unification in 1861, Italy was a collection of independent states, whose competitiveness during the Renaissance resulted in the architectural and artistic magnificence of cities such as Rome, Florence and Venice. The majority of Italy’s population and economic activity is concentrated in the north, centred on the sophisticated industrial city of Milan. Southern Italy, the Mezzogiorno, has a harsh and difficult terrain, and remains far less developed than the north. Attempts to attract industry and investment in the south are frequently deterred by the entrenched network of organized crime and corruption.

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2

I TA LY, S A N M A R I N O , VAT I C A N C I T Y

The Italian peninsula

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(Sicily)

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Fiumicino Lido di Ostia

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Map key

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Transport and industry

Ma

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(Sardinia)

Sardegna

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18

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ROMA(ROME)

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Leonardo da Vinci

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Rodi Lago di Lago di Garganico Lesina Varano m Italy is the largest wine producer in the Vieste Sannicandro Roccaraso o Fiuggi Garganico world. Vineyards, such as this one in the Marino T or ino t n o m Alatri Castel di Sangro P ro Albano Laziale ga Velletri Anagni Chianti region of central Italy, are found Sora Larino Apricena d e l G a rMonte Sant' Angelo Feren Genzano A tino Segni MOL ISE Torremaggiore all over the mainland, and on the islands di Roma g o i Frosi San Giovanni Frosolon none Mattinata c San 16 e Severo ro Ceccano fa of Sicily and Sardinia. Rotondo Arce Isernia Strait of Boni Manfredonia Sezze Campobasso Golfo di Nettuno L Cassino Lucera Anzio Boiano Priverno iri Venafro Manfredonia Latina La Maddalena Pontecorvo elle Foggia Punta Caprara Monte Miletto Ap Carap Margherita di Savoia San Bartolomeo 2050m Capo Ferro p e in Trinitapoli Sabaudia Isola Asinara Barletta n n Galdo Troia Arzachena Piedimonte Terracina Formia Punta del Falco Orta Nova nto Trani Matese Cerreto Sannita i n a f ne Costa Bisceglie o Cerignola Bovino Castelsardo Andria Minturno Gaeta Ariano C a o Molfetta Tempio Pausania Smeralda Porto Torres 17 Ascoli Satriano Irpino olturnBenevento Carino Canosa di V la Giovinazzo m Mondragone 120 Puglia Corato Capua Caserta Bari Olbia Sorso Minervino Bitonto Santa Maria Monte Limbara Golfo Maddalo di ni Grottamin Bari di Mola arda Lavello Murge Capua Vetere Capo Coda Caval Isole Ponziane 1362m Cervinara lo Adelfia Melfi Gaeta Sassari Aversa Spinazzola L a Mare Acerra e CAM PANI A Casoria P U G L I A Conversano Polignano Isola di Ponza Capodichino Venosa Monopoli M Avellino Alghero Gravina m Vatican City in Rome is the smallest Capo Caccia Vesuvio Napoli(Naples) Ittiri u Rionero in Vulture Solofra Putignano in Puglia r g Fasano 1277m Buddusò independent state in the world. As the Pozzuoli Portici Torre del Greco Siniscola Ozieri e Muro Lucano Acerenza Brad Altamura Alberobello Isola d’ Ischia o Bitti Ischia Torre Bonorva seat of the Catholic Church it is home rs ano Santeramo Gioia del Ostuni Capo Comino Ti Annunziata Pompei Cava dei Tirreni in Colle Colle Martina Golfo di Napoli Salerno Eboli to the Pope, spiritual head of 18% of Potenza Irsina Brindisi Bono Mottola Franca Matera Sorrento Buccino San Vito Amalfi the world’s population. Bosa Massafra Tricarico Castellaneta Isola di Capri dei Normanni Battipaglia Nu oro Altavilla Capri Grottaglie Macomer SA Dorgali Ferrandina Golfo di Mesagne RDEGNA Silentia Francavilla Ghilarza Squinzano Salerno Roccadaspide Golfo di Orosei BASILICATA Teggiano Abbasanta Taranto Fontana Passo di Fonni Stigliano Campi Agropoli Sala Consilina Manduria Caravai Viggiano Capo di Monte San Pisticci Salentina Lecce tu Mont i del Baunei Castellabate Penisola Salentina Cabras Punta La Marmo T irso Montesano sulla Marcellana Agr Vallo della Punta Licosa ra Copertino Martano i 4m Lucania Ge nnarge183 Galatina ntu Golfo di Oristan Otranto Arbatax Oristano Laconi Rotondella Elevation Population o Lanusei Lagonegro Galatone Sapri Pisciotta Maglie Capo della Fra Terralba Lauria sca 1 million to 5 million Gallipoli Isili Capo Palinuro Casarano n Maratea nu o 4000m / 13,124ft 500,000 to 1 million Tricase Golfo di Capo Spulico Ugento Ma nd as Guspini Policastro 100,000 to 500,000 Sanluri Golfo di Taranto Mormanno 3000m / 9843ft  Capri (Isola di Capri), unlike other Gagliano Castrovillari San Gavin del Capo um 50,000 to 100,000 islands in the Gulf of Naples (Golfo Cassano allo Ionio Monreale o Villacidro Capo Santa Maria en 2000m / 6562ft Verbicaro Sibari do di Napoli), is not of volcanic origin, 10,000 to 50,000 di Leuca Dolianova sa Muravera Spezzano Albanese but is part of the limestone chain of Iglesias 1000m / 3281ft Capo Trionto Belvedere Marittimo below 10,000 Corigliano Sestu Go the Apennines (Appennino). Assemini Rossano Carloforte nnesa Calabro Capo Ferrato San Marco Argentano Isola di San 500m / 1640ft Cariati Acri Pietro Cetraro Quartu Sant’ Ele CarboniaCagliari Crucoli Torretta na Punta Alice 250m / 820ft Isola di San Villasimius CALABRIA Cirò Antioco Golfo di Sant’ Antioco Paola Rende Cirò Marina Capo Carbonara Cagliari Strongoli 100m / 328ft Cosenza Teulada Golfo di San Giovanni in Fiore Palmas L a Si l a sea level Neto Capo Spartivent Rogliano Petilia o Amantea Crotone Policastro Nocera Terinese Cutro Nicastro  Winter flooding of Botricello 120 Lamezia Terme Sambiase St Mark’s Square, Venice, Catanzaro Capo Rizzuto Golfo di means tourists and residents Stromboli 926m Catanzaro Marina Borgia 22 Isola d’ Ustica have to cross it on planks. Isola Stromboli Santa Eufemia Golfo di Squillace Although Italy has a large public sector, Soverato Isole Eolie Isola Panarea Action is needed to prevent Tropea Chiaravalle Centrale Isola Filicudi Capo Vaticano Mileto Vibo Valentia Venice from sinking into the numerous relatively small enterprises dominate Isola Salina Nicotera Serra San Bruno lagoon which surrounds it. Isola Alicudi Passo della Pietra Spada Isola Lipari the private sector. Manufacturing is located Golfo di Gioia Rosarno Punta Stilo Polistena Isola Vulcano mainly in the north and focuses on high-quality Taurianova Palmi Capo Peloro Cittanova AUSTRI product design and 23 Capo Capo San Vito Gallo A D Golfo di Siderno Oppido Messina RLAN e Patti Milazzo Locri ZE Capo d' Orlando Mamertina Paler Carin mo i IT engineering, using Caste Barcellona llammare Isola di Villa San Giovanni W The transport network Capo Zafferano del Golfo Monreale i Patti Santa Lucia Levanzo Trapani an del Mela Bagheria Misilmeri imported raw S L O VE N I A Naso Reggio di Erice Isola Marettimo Cefalù rit o l e Brescia 298,167 miles 4014 miles Tortorici P Partinico Monti Trieste Milan Calabria Isola Favignana Alcamo San Fratello Termini Imerese Venice (479,908 km) (6460 km) Santa materials. Tourism Teresa Mistretta Turin Caccamo CROATIA i Calatafimi Is o l e Eg Castelbuono M o n t i N e b r o d Portelladi Riva Villafrati adi M Salemi Randazzo Melito di Porto Salvo ado is important Belice Corleone Mandrazzi Taormina Genoa Portella del 10,133 miles 1491 miles nie Bologna Marsala Gangi Linguaglossa Contrasto Bronte Lercara Friddi (16,310 km) (2400 km) 24 Partanna throughout the S Monte Etna 3340m a Prizzi Troina Nicosia Mazara del Vallo lso SAN MARINO Castelvetrano Pisa Giarre Riposto Florence S I C I Adrano L Camp I Agira A obello di Mazara country. Cammarata Historically of great importance, sea ports Menfi ITALY Leonforte Ad Biancavilla Belpasso Acireale Capo Granitola Perugia Casteltermini ri now handle only 16% of Italy’s exports. Sciacca Paternò at Enna Misterbianco ic Ribera Platani Congestion is a major problem on the roads, Caltanissetta Terni Catania Cattolica Eraclea Se 120 Racalm uto Pietraperzia many town centres having developed around Fontanarossa a Aragona ROME Piazza Armerina Canicattì medieval street plans. Golfo di Agrigento Favara Riesi MazzarinPalagonia Lentini Catania Porto Empedocle 25 o Bari Naro Ravanusa Militello in Val di Catania en Major industry and infrastructure Sassari Naples Salerno Palma di Montec Butera hiaro ia Caltagirone Lecce Augusta n Taranto Se capital cities aerospace Niscemi a Sortino S ard in i a m The Promontory of Gargano Licata major towns car manufacture Gela Palazzolo Acreide (Promontorio del Gargano) is a Siracusa international airports finance Cagliari Cosenza limestone plateau that juts out into Comiso Pantelleria major roads hi-tech industry Vittoria Ragusa Noto Avola the Adriatic Sea. Wave erosion has Kamma major industrial areas iron & steel Scauri Isola di Pantelleria Modica resulted in a jagged coastline Messina textiles Golfo di Noto Palermo Capo Scaramia Scicli tourism characterized by headlands and bays. I Ispica Pachino Si ci ly Mal Catania T t a C h Pozzallo ER Capo Passero an

Corse (Corsica)

L

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16

S

Spoleto

Acquasparta

A

15

 Tuscany (Toscana) has long produced grapes and olives. Sandstones form its higher reaches, while clays and alluvial soils fill its fertile valleys.

Todi Acquapendente Orvieto Pitigliano Lago di Bolsena Amelia Bolsena Montefiascone

Monte Acquasanta Nereto Vettore Terme Giulianova Cascia 2478m Teramo Roseto degli Abruzzi Amatrice Montorio al Voma no Terni Leonessa Atri nt Porto San Stefano o G ran Narni Isola del Giglio Montesilvano Marina S Orbetello Viterbo Penne Corno Grande a s s o Isola di Rieti Pescara d’ I Pianella 2912m Montecristo tal Vetralla Francavilla al Mare Cittaducale ia Ronciglione Tev Ortona Isola di L’Aq uila e Chieti e a Civita Giannutri Tarquinia r Poggio n ABRUZZO esca Lago di Castellana Mirteto n P Lanciano in Civitavecchia Bracciano Popoli L A Z I O Borgorose Punta della Penna Monte Amaro Santa Marinella Bracciano Palombara Sabina Celano o 2793m Atessa Vasto A Cerveteri Capo Linaro Tagliacozzo Avezzano b r Sulmona VATICAN CITY Termoli u Tivo

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E U R O P E : T H E I TA L I A N P E N I N S U L A

D

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EUROPE F

G

The Alpine states

Lausanne

ITA

LY

Land use and agricultural distribution

Neuhausen

Kreuzlingen

T hu r THURGAU

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C

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pasture cropland forest mountain region

G

USEN FHA AF Schaffhausen

LJUBLJANA

SLOVENIA

capital cities major towns

cattle pigs cereals vineyards

H

G Graz

Geneva

SC

E

AUSTRIA

Innsbruck

LIECHTENSTEIN

N

VADUZ

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Zürich Luzern BERN

VIENNA

U

E

FR

A

C

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IA

N

REPUBL

SWITZERLAND

Koblenz

Riehen

M

SLOVAK

BASEL–STADT

Basel

L

Salzburg

G E R M A N Y

 The Matterhorn, on the Swiss-Italian border, is one of the highest mountains in the Alps, at 14,692 ft (4478 m). The term ‘horn’ refers to its distinctive peak, formed by three glaciers eroding hollows, known as cirques, in each of its sides.

5

K

The Alpine region’s mountainous terrain discourages cultivation over much of the land area. The primary agricultural activity is the raising of dairy and beef cattle on the pasture land of the lower mountain slopes. Austria ECH is self-supporting in grains, and crops such as wheat, barley CZ and grapes are grown on the east Austrian lowlands. Woodlands are more prevalent in the eastern Alps; both Austria and Slovenia have large Linz tracts of forest.

The Alpine countries of Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein and Slovenia form a narrow strip across western Europe’s geographical core, lying on the main north–south trading routes across the Alps. Switzerland, politically neutral since 1815, is an important international meeting place and houses one of the headquarters of the United Nations, although it only became a member in 2002. Austria, once at the heart of the great Habsburg Empire has been a fully independent nation since 1955, and maintains a deserved reputation as an international centre of culture. Slovenia declared independence from the former Yugoslavia in 1991 and despite initial economic hardship, is now starting to achieve the prosperity enjoyed by its Alpine neighbours.

4

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Using the land

AUST R IA , LI ECH T E N ST E I N , S LOVE N IA , SWIT ZE R L AN D 2

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Chiasso 12

The landscape The Alps occupy three-fifths of Switzerland, most of southern Austria and the northwest of Slovenia. They were formed by the collision of the African and Eurasian tectonic plates, which began 65 million years ago. Their complex geology is reflected in the differing heights and rock types of the various ranges. The Rhine flows along Liechtenstein’s border with Switzerland, creating a broad flood plain in the north and west of Liechtenstein. In the far northeast and east are a number of lowland regions, including the Vienna Basin, Burgenland and the plain of the Danube. Slovenia’s major rivers flow across the lower eastern regions; in the west, the rivers flow largely underground through the limestone Karst region.

13

14

15

Original height after uplift and folding Present-day height of Alps

Folded strata are overturned creating a nappe

African Plate

Eurasian Plate

m The convergence of the African and Eurasian plates compressed and folded huge masses of rock strata. As the plates continued to move together, the folded strata were overturned, creating complex nappes. Much of the rock strata has since been eroded, resulting in the current topography of the Alps.

The mountains of the Jura form a natural border between Switzerland and France. Their marine limestones date from over 200 million years ago. When the Alps were formed the Jura were folded into a series of parallel ridges and troughs.

16

Tectonic activity has resulted in dramatic changes in land height over very short distances. Lake Geneva, lying at 1221 ft (372 m) is only 43 miles (70 km) away from the 15,772 ft (4807 m) peak of Mont Blanc, on the France–Italy border.

17

A

108

B

C

The Bernese Alps (Berner Alpen) contain the Aletsch, which at 15 miles (24 km) is the longest Alpine glacier.

D

The Rhine, like other major Alpine rivers, follows a broad, flat trough between the mountains. Along part of its course, the Rhine forms the boundary between Switzerland and Liechtenstein.

E

m Constricted as it cuts through ridges in the Alps, the Danube meanders across the lowlands, where uplift combined with river erosion has deepened meanders.

F

Neusiedler See straddles the border of Austria and Hungary; the area around it provides some of the best wine-growing land in Austria.

The first road through the Brenner Pass was built in 1772, although it has been used as a mountain route since Roman times. It is the lowest of the main Alpine passes at 4298 ft (1374 m).

The Austrian Alps comprise three distinct mountain ranges, separated by deep trenches. The northern and southern ranges are rugged limestones, while the Tauern range is formed of crystalline rocks.

Karst region The limestone cave system at Postojna extends for more than 10 miles (16 km) and includes caverns reaching 125 ft (40 m) in height and width.

 The deep, blue lakes of the Karst region are part of a drainage network which runs largely underground through this limestone area. G

H

The Vienna Basin lies mainly below 390 ft (120 m). It gradually subsided and filled with sediment as the Alps were uplifted.

I

J

K

The Tauern range in the central Austrian Alps contains the highest mountain in Austria, the towering Grossglockner, rising 12,461 ft (3798 m).

L

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E U R O P E : T H E A L P I N E S TAT E S N

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The urban/rural population divide

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urban 66%

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1

Heidenreichstein Raabs an der Thaya Thaya Thay Schrems Waidhofen an der a Gross-Siegharts 110 Vitis 314 people per sq mile 56,135 sq miles Retz ulkau Zellerndorf Bernhardsthal (121 people per sq km) (145,390 sq km) P 100 Gmünd Laa an der f Poysdor Haugsdorf Thaya Schmida Weitra Allensteig L Horn Aigen im Eggenburg K ach telb reis Mis Mühlk a Zaya mp Wullowitz Zwettl  In this mountainous Hollabrunn an der Zaya Gars am Kamp Gö region, the flatter, more ersdorf Zist Berg bei lle Gross Gerungs Gföhl Rohrbach uss accessible areas are often Dürnkrut Liebenau adt b ac Lichtenau Bad Leonfelden Freist Sarleinsbach Langenlois used for both cattle s reis m dorf kers re Wol Münzkirchen Lembach im Mühlk au u Don kera K Stoc s an der grazing and recreation. Neufelden Zwettl an der Rodl Königswiesen Stein an der Donau Krem Korneuburg Schärding f Gänserndorf dor eig zers Göttw Spitz gen bei bach Pram Lan Furth Nattern Martinsberg Tulln Sankt Florian en Aschach an der Donau Deutsch-Wagram Andorf Pregarten am Inn Pöggstall Gallneukirchen Klosterneuburg Pabneukirchen Herzogenburg Obernberg- Raab Peuerbach Eferding (VIENNA) Linz n skirchen Purkersdorf am-Inn D Gross-Enzersdorf Hainburg an Sankt Sieghart Leonding (Do Perg Grein e Prambachkirchen a b u der Donau n Mauthausen Pasching Melk Pölten Taiskirchen W I E N nu b e ( D o n au ) Da Neum arkt im Wallern Neulengbach Ried im Innkreis Braunau echat Hausruckkreis Traun Ansfelden Enns dorf Schw Loos Ybbs Kittsee rf Sankt Valentin am Inn CH Fischamend Markt Ober Grafendorf R E Iwang Schwechat Wilhelmsburg Perchtoldsdo O B E R Ö S T E REbersch Wels Amstetten Mödling Mank Kilb Himberg Y bbs Mauerkirchen H C I an der Leitha E Wolfern f ck R R Bru sdor E tram irchen T Haag S Gun Gunsk Ö T Hochburg R r 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Grödig Wolfgangsee Bad Ischl Hallein Deutschkreutz Mürzzuschlag Aspang Markt Seewiesen Hieflau Erzbac Kössen Kuchl n z P it te n Langenwang Bad Aussee e h lendorf s n m n rpul t E e m Obe r p m i b La Liezen Lofer tr Krieglach Aflenz Kurort S t ü Hallstätter See Rottenmann Kufstein Eisenerz N Dabnitz tt berg Hallsta Kind n Abtenau Triebe Achenkirch Sankt Johann LA R p l g rg ng Irdnin enbe der Kalwa u Achensee Kapf N Vora A nn in Tirol Wörgl E Mannersdorf an n Trofaiach Rabnitz Pinkafeld G Donawitz Bruck an Kitzbühel ria hofen Bischofs a n u v Johan HopfgartenLies Sankt rge alk Leoben der Mur Ba Saalfelden in g Rechnitz rK im-Brixental am Tauern Jenbach Birkfeld Pöllau S a al a Radstadt Schladming Sankt Michael ch lgebirge Oberwart en Sankt Johann Hochwildstelle Obersteiermark in p u a r e T r Ange Ki l n e Grosspetersdorf Zell am See 2747m im Pongau tzbüheler A Hartberg d e r Frohnleiten Schwaz Bruck Sankt Nikolai Ra a SP T E I E R M A Re K Ubelbach Schwarzach i e b öls Weiz 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Gurk ndsberg La N schla a E T Schw TIROL itz Deut N l R Glödn Ä l K am Ottersbach nitz Leib Mö Sachsenburg Sankt Veit 110 Radenthein Sankt rg Lienz Gölbner anbe Schw Polinik Gurk Glan der ä an Andr an Spittal 2943m 2784m Millstatt Grossklein Himmelberg Bad Radkersburg der Drau Paul t eck Sank Mur feld Sillian Spiel Wies Oberdrauburg Paternion Arriach Feldkirchen Bruggen Murska Led Weissensee Gur Völkermarkt Eibiswald K Gornja Radgona in Kärnten av Gailtaler Alpen Sobota a r Annabichl a Treffen Mauthen a r u See D her Mu Ossiac a Radenci Mut n i s Kötschach or ra Hermag Velden Lendava c h e urg Bleib Maribor Villach Klagenfurt A l p e n G rad Dravog See er Wörth Ljutomer ai l Eberndorf Dr Drau Plöcken Pass Ru#e Finkenstein Ravne na Koro#kem av Sittersdorf 1357m Pohorje Arnoldstein K a r a Ferlach n Eisen Slovenj Ptuj kappel wanke Gradec Ârni vrh Slovenska Ormoª Velika Jesenice Loibl Pass Bistrica 1543m Raduha 2062m 1367m Slovenske Ju Bled Trªiâ Kamni#ko-SavinjskeS Alpe ‹o#tanj l i a 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Total land area

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Map key

Scale 1:1,750,000

Vrhnika

K

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a

106

Seªana Divaâa

Gulf of Trieste Izola Piran

60

50

Koper

projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

Podgrad

All four nations concentrate on high-quality manufacturing and services. Austrian iron and steel production is complemented by construction industries; and Slovenia, traditionally the industrial powerhouse of the western Balkans has increasingly diversified industries. Liechtenstein and Switzerland, lacking raw materials, produce pharmaceuticals and precision instruments, such as watches, and act as international banking centres. The spectacular scenery of the region encourages tourism all year round.

O

P

C

Basel

E Biel

FR

A

2000m / 6562ft

112 CZ

Luzern BERN

VADUZ

VIENNA

Salzburg Donawitz

AUSTRIA

Innsbruck LIECHTENSTEIN

Kapfenberg Leoben Graz

ITALY

Lausanne Geneva

Y

Maribor

Jesenice

SLOVENIA

LJUBLJANA

A

R

14

sea level

capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

T

Novo mesto

O

Q

100m / 328ft

S

T

R

V

15

car manufacture chemicals engineering finance food processing iron & steel pharmaceuticals textiles tourism watch making winter sports

H Klagenfurt

AL

250m / 820ft

Major industry and infrastructure

Sankt Pölten

SWITZERLAND

IT

500m / 1640ft

REPUBLIC ECH

Linz

Bregenz

Zürich

13

1000m / 3281ft

 The Austrian Tirol contains some of the most spectacular Alpine scenery. Snow cover is a permanent feature in the highest reaches.

C

N

3000m / 9843ft

Vinica

IA

Tunnels and passes through the Alps are an important feature of this region. The neat project, providing two new high-speed rail links between Basel and Milan, was given approval in 1992.

4000m / 13,124ft

VAK

993 miles (1598 km)

N

12

Elevation

SLO

The transport network

6368 miles (10,249 km)

r Go Metlika

Ârnomelj Kol pa

Ilirska Bistrica

G E R M A N Y

2116 miles (3405 km)

below 10,000

ci jan

C R O A T I A

Transport and industry

181,107 miles (291,497 km)

10,000 to 50,000

G A R Y

40

30

Veliki Sneªnik 1797m

Kozina

50,000 to 100,000

Novo mesto

Koâevje

11

100,000 to 500,000

Krka

N

20

60

Kr#ko Breªice

U

10

50

500,000 to 1 million

I A

5

40

Ribnica

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t

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30

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Cerknica Postojna

Senovo

Sevnica

S L O V E N I A

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0

Nova Gorica

Radeâe

Litija

Grosuplje

Idrija

r

Km

0

LJUBLJANA

S ot l a

glaciers are marked by dark lines of moraine. This eroded material is carried by glaciers, and deposited as the ice melts.

W

X

16

m The Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna was the summer residence of the Habsburg monarchy. Today, it is a major tourist attraction. Y

17

Z

109

13

12

11

G

R

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BUDAPEST

IA

SER

BIA

Szeged

HUNGARY

Györ

R

H

U

AN

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capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

3784 miles (6094 km)

27,479 miles (44,249 km)

m Budapest, the capital of Hungary, straddles the Danube. It comprises the historic towns of Buda, on the west bank, and Pest, which contains the Parliament Building, seen here on the far bank.

The huge growth of tourism and business has prompted major investment in the transport infrastructure, with new road-building schemes within and between the main cities of the region.

817 miles (1315 km)

213,997 miles (344,600 km)

The transport network

car manufacture chemicals engineering food processing mining shipbuilding tourism

Major industry and infrastructure

A SLOVENI

Kraków

BRATISLAVA Miskolc

Brno

REPUBLIC

POLAND

WARSAW

Biaîystok

SLOVAKIA

Katowice

Wrocîaw

Îód¶

Poznaú

Gdaúsk

(Kaliningrad)

E A USSIAN FED. C S R

C Z E C H Ostrava

AUSTRIA

PRAGUE

TI

Szczecin

L BA

F

G

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I

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m

Lipiany

Skwierzyna

i

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Szamocin

I

Wieæyca 329m

Br d

Tuchola

Toruú Ænin

Barcin

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Brodnica

Kowal

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The Great Hungarian Plain formed by the flood plain of the Danube is a mixture of steppe and cultivated land, covering nearly half of Hungary’s total area.

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Gorowo Iîaweckie Bartoszyce

Dylewska Góra 312m

Ostróda

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Nasielsk

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Wègrów

Wyszków

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Bug

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B

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Rzepin Sîubice

Sulècin

Mièdzyrzecz

Lwówek

P

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A

N

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WARSZAWA

Slip-off slope

118

118

m Meanders form as rivers flow across plains at a low gradient. A steep cliff or bluff, forms on the outside curve, and a gentler slip-off slope on the inside bend.

Direction of flow

Suwaîki

Szeska Góra 309m

Orzysz Jezioro ⁄niardwy

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Ostroîèka Przasnysz

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M

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Sèpopol

m The Biebrza river has left meanders and oxbow lakes as it flows across low-lying ground.

Q

Gerlachovsky stít, in the Tatra Mountains, is Slovakia’s highest mountain, at 8711ft (2655 m).

P

Carpathian Mountains

Longshore currents moving east along the Baltic coast have built a 40 mile (65 km) spit composed of material from the Vistula (Wisla) river.

O

Pobiedziska Witkowo a Swarzèdz Gostynin Lubieú Kujawski Kleczew Kostrzyn Sompolno Luboú Îosice Wrze¡nia Stèszew Sîupca ⁄wiebodzin Siedlce Nowy Tomy¡l Kîodawa Kro¡niewice Bîonie Miîosîaw Æychlin Mosina W) RSA szyn Kaîu (WA Cybinka Grodzisk Wielkopolski Konin Sochaczew ⁄roda Terespol Pruszków Kutno Miúsk Mazowiecki Wielkopolska WIELKOPOLS KIE Rakoniewice Okècie Biaîa Podlaska Koîo Grodzisk Mazowiecki Wolsztyn Pyzdry Od Sulechów Czempiú e r ( O dra ) Îowicz Æyrardów Ksiàæ Wielkopolski Piaseczno Ko¡cian Krosno Odrzaúskie Kargowa i Rychwaî Îèczyca ⁄rem Æerków Mièdzyrzec Podlask Turek ⁄migiel Gîowno Góra Kalwaria Jarocin L U B U S K I E Îuków Gubin Dolsk Ozorków olin Garw Uniejów Skierniewice Zielona Góra Zgierz Pleszew Grójec Leszno Gostyú Warka Radzyú Podlaski Lubsko Brzeziny Nowa Sól Æelechów Aleksandrów Îódzki Wschowa iecka Mazow Kalisz Rawa Parczew Pi Koluszki Krotoszyn Æary Mogielnica Ryki Warta Zduúska Kock Góra E I K S I E Wîodawa Z D Ó Î K S L LUBE Wola Nowe Miasto Æagaú Ostrów Wielkopolski Kozienice Gîogów Tuszyn Tomaszów Szprotawa Rawicz Lubelski Odolanów Pilicà Îask rów lin nad Ost Dèb Mazowiecki Sieradz Polkowice Wàsosz Puîawy Lubartów Pionki Grabów nad Prosnà Milicz

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Pomerania is a sandy coastal region of glacially-formed lakes stretching west from the Vistula (Wisla).

M

RUSSIAN FEDERATION LITH (Kaliningrad) U Wiæajny

Lidzbark Î Warmiúski Orneta Bisztynek Pasîèk

Jabîonowo Pomorskie

Ciechocinek Lipno

Bohemian Massif

The Slovak Ore Mountains (Slovenské Rudohorie) are noted for their mineral resources, including high-grade iron ore.

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Cheîmæa Kowalewo Pomorskie Golub-Dobrzyú

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Hot mineral springs occur where geothermally heated water wells up through faults and fractures in the rocks of the Sudeten Mountains.

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Gdynia

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 The Berounka river cuts through the precipitous wooded landscape of the Bohemian Massif, banked by a broad flood plain.

Krusné Hory (Erzgebirge)

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Kartuzy

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POMORSKIE

i

Lèbork

Îeba

Kîecko Murowana Go¡lina Gniezno

J

The forested Carpathian Mountains, uplifted with the Alps, lie southeast of the older Bohemian Massif, which contains the Sudeten and Krusné Hory (Erzgebirge) ranges. They divide the fertile plains of the Danube to the south and the Vistula (Wisla), which flows north across vast expanses of glacial deposits into the Baltic Sea.

The landscape

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Îobæenica

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Oborniki

n

Czîuchów

Czarne

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Gorzów Wielkopolski

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No t e á

Trzcianka

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Czaplinek Maszewo Zîocieniec Jastrowie ZACHODNIO-POMORSKIE

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Jezioro Îebsko

Heavy industry has dominated post-war life in Central Europe. Poland has large coal reserves, having inherited the Silesian coalfield from Germany after the Second World War, allowing the export of large quantities of coal, along with other minerals. Hungary specializes in consumer goods and services, while Slovakia’s industrial base is still relatively small. The Czech Republic’s traditional glassworks and breweries bring some stability to its precarious Soviet-built manufacturing sector.

Transport and industry

When Slovakia and the Czech Republic became separate countries in 1993, they joined Hungary and Poland in a new role as independent nation states, following centuries of shifting boundaries and imperial strife. This turbulent history bequeathed the region a rich cultural heritage, shared through the works of its many great writers and composers, and celebrated in the vibrant historic capitals of Prague, Budapest and Warsaw. Having shaken off years of Soviet domination in 1989, these states are confronting the challenge of winning commercial investment to modernize outmoded industries as they integrate their economies with those of the European Union.

C Z E C H R E P U B L I C , H U N G A R Y, P O L A N D , S L O VA K I A

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capital cities major towns

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201,561 sq miles (522,180 sq km)

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312 people per sq mile (120 people per sq km)

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Total land area

20

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rural 35%

Population density

10

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The urban/rural population divide

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Map key

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Hajdúböszörmény Balmazújváros Tiszafüred

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Elevation

CS -S ZATM ÁR SZ AB OLMá Fehérgyarmat tészalka Tiszavasvári Sz am Nyíregyháza os Tiszaújváros BE RE G Hajdúnánás Nagykálló

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eastern Slovakia forms a gorge through the Pieniny range of the Carpathian Mountains.

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Scale 1:2,500,000

Q

1000m / 3281ft úszoboszló Hajd r udva 500m / 1640ft YK UN - Nád Püspökladány Nagykáta JÁS Z-NAG Vé Köszeg Kunhegyes Érd Monor Pápa 250m / 820ft Mór ag Berettyóújfalu T S Karc E P Zirc Celldömölk SZ OL NO K Kisújszállás Albertirsa ó Sárvár tt y Abony Törökszentmiklós re 100m / 328ft V E S Z P R É M Várpalota Székesfehérvár Cegléd Szombathely Dabas Túrkeve e Szolnok r e sea level VA S B Ráckeve halom g yLajosmizse bá Szeg Ajka Körmend rös Nagykö Veszprém R É J E F Vasvár Mezötúr Tiszaföldvár Sümeg Kunszentmiklós Gyomaendröd ba Balatonfüred Dunaújváros örös Kecskemét Tiszakécske Zalaszentgrót BÉKÉS y as Szentgotthárd Sárbogárd Szarv Tapolca Mezöberén Zala Kunszentmárton Dunaföldvár Km t o n Siófok Sió Békés a Zalaegerszeg l 20 30 40 0 5 10 50 a Sarkad B Keszthely Tab aba Békéscs Szentes Kiskunfélegyháza Fonyód 5 Csongrád 30 20 40 10 50 0 Paks ZALA Tamási Gyula Miles Lenti BÁCS -KISK UN Marcali Orosháza TOLNA projection: Lambert Conformal Conic Kalocsa Kistelek Nagykanizsa Hódmezövásárhely Ka p Kiskunmajsa S O M O G Y Tolna Mezökovácsháza alas Letenye Kiskunh Dombóvár Kaposvár Battonya Szekszárd hegyes Csurgó ed Mezö Szeg Bonyhád Mórahalom Makó  The upper Dunajec Jánoshalma Nagyatád Maros Komló river of Poland and Baja

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BRATISLAVA

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Vysoké Mÿto Ústí nad Orlicí

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PARDUBICKŸ KRAJ

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m Hay, used to feed livestock, is one of the major crops grown on the fertile foothills of Slovakia’s Tatra Mountains.

cattle pigs cereals potatoes root crops timber vineyards

Land use and agricultural distribution

BA

o

PRAGUE

re st

the Czech breweries, sweet peppers for paprika, sunflowers and vines in milder areas. The plains of Poland and Hungary are well-suited to livestock-rearing, while forestry is important in the mountains of Slovakia.

Using the land

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SISAK-MOSLAVINA

Sa

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Beli Manastir

A

Dalmatian (Dalmacija) coast

M

Spring at foot of cliff

Underground drainage along joints in the rock

N

Tisza river

The river flood plains of the Pannonian Basin are flanked by terraces of gravel and wind-blown glacial deposits known as loess.

M

P

Flat polje floor

A major earthquake at Skopje, Macedonia, in 1963 killed 1000 people. The whole region lies on an active crustal plate margin.

At Iron Gate (Derdap), on the border with Romania, the Danube narrows and cuts through foothills of the Balkan and Carpathian mountains, forming the deepest gorge in Europe.

A

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m Lake Ohrid borders Albania and Macedonia. Ohrid is the deepest lake in the western Balkans, reaching depths of 938 ft (286 m).

Lake Ohrid

Q

Sheer limestone walls enclose all sides

m Rain and underground water dissolve limestone along massive vertical joints (cracks). This creates poljes: depressions several miles across with steep walls and broad, flat floors.

Poljes in the Kosovo region

O

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 Limestone cliffs along the Dalmatian (Dalmacija) shoreline are heavily eroded, as salt water dissolves the rock along existing horizontal cracks, or joints. This tends to form a platform of rock at the foot of the cliff.

riv

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Drava river

At least 70% of the fresh water in the western Balkans drains eastwards into the Black Sea, mostly via the Danube (Dunav).

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The elongated islands, promontories and straits of the Dalmatian (Dalmacija) coast were formed as the Adriatic Sea rose to flood valleys running parallel to the shore.

Sava river

K

Koluba

120

GORSKI KOTAR

a

40

J

The Tisza (Tisa), Sava and Drava rivers drain the broad northern lowland, meeting the Danube after it crosses the Hungarian border. In the west, the Dinaric Alps divide the Adriatic Sea from the interior. Mainland valleys and elongated islands run parallel to the steep Dalmatian (Dalmacija) coastline, following alternating bands of resistant limestone.

I

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Delnice Ravna Gora

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Ogulin Kraljevica Crikvenica Bjelolasica 1534m ‹ilo Labin Porozina Novi Vinodolski Pla#ki Krk Rabac Slunj Krk Cres Ba#ka Senj Plitvica Otoâac Selo Cres Mali Rajinac Rab 1699m Rab Jablanac

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MEÃIMURJE Kotoriba Varaªdin Ludbreg VARA·DIN Dr av Krapina a Koprivnica Ivan#âica KRAPINACA-KRI I N V I ·E ZAGORJE n a PR V Zabok Krapi KO Kriªevci Ãurãevac CI ca B i Pitomaâa i dn e lo dv Me ZAGREB Vrbovec Bjelovar G Sesvete S av o r Virovitica a BJELOVARrje Pleso International G o Samobor a o âk ZAG Ivaniá-Gr a REB ad VIROVITICABILOGORA er Velika Gorica Jastrebarsko mb

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m Hot, dry summers and mild winters offer excellent conditions for viticulture in Montenegro. The precipitous Dinaric Alps have kept this region relatively isolated for centuries.

Buje

Novigrad

Umag

Gulf of Trieste

8

7

10

20

projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

Miles

0

5

0 5 10

Km

Scale 1:2,500,000

a

6

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The landscape

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For 46 years the federation of Yugoslavia held together the most diverse ethnic region in Europe, along the picturesque mountain hinterland of the Dalmatian coast. Economic collapse resulted in internal tensions. In the early 1990s, civil war broke out in both Croatia and Bosnia as the ethnic populations struggled to establish their own exclusive territories. Peace was only restored by the UN after NATO launched air strikes in 1995. Montenegro voted to split from Serbia in 2006. More recently, Kosovo controversially declared independence from Serbia in 2008, although this may take some time to be fully recognized. Neighbouring Albania is slowly improving its fragile economy but remains one of Europe’s poorest nations.

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A L B A N I A , B O S N I A & H E R Z E G O V I N A , C R O AT I A , K O S V O V O , M AC E D O N IA , M O N T E N EG RO, S E R B IA

Southeast Europe

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pasture cropland forest mountain region

capital cities major towns

0

50

60

70

80

H

I

95,038 sq miles (246,278 sq km)

40

240 people per sq mile (93 people per sq km)

30

Total land area

20

rural 49%

Population density

10

urban 51%

The urban/rural population divide

pigs sheep cereals fruit olives sugar beet timber tobacco vineyards

Land use and agricultural distribution

m The ancient Croatian port of Dubrovnik was one of the former Yugoslavia’s most popular tourist resorts and an important point of access to the sea along the Dalmatian (Dalmacija) coast. Shelling of the old city by Serb forces in 1991 provoked international condemnation.

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 The Tara river is one of Montenegro’s major rivers. It flows into the Danube via the Drina and Sava rivers. Along its course the Tara has eroded spectacular gorges up to 3280 ft (1000 m) deep .

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 Sweet red peppers are dried in the sun, ready to make paprika. Macedonia’s economy is mainly agricultural and its fertile soils support a broad range of crops.

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879 miles (1415 km)

685 miles (1103 km)

The war resulted in the destruction or disintegration of infrastructure for transport, communications and power supply, though this is now in the process of recovery.

5413 miles (8713 km)

46,996 miles (75,642 km)

The transport network

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 Industrial processing plants were established throughout Albania by the Hoxha regime, which collapsed in 1992. They remain incongruous among the villages of one of Europe’s most conservative rural societies.

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I A N A L B A

Crops of wheat, maize, sugar beet, vegetables and fruit are widely grown. The hilly terrain is suited to forestry and livestock farming. The mild, mediterranean climate of the coastal regions provides ideal conditions for growing vines and olives. Albania’s largely agricultural economy has been adversely affected by the recent dismantling of state farms.

E

capital cities major towns international airports major roads

aluminium refining car manufacture chemicals engineering food processing hydro-electric power mining shipbuilding textiles timber processing

Major industry and infrastructure

a

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ALB ANIA

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MACEDONIA

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sea level

Q

100m / 328ft

250m / 820ft

500m / 1640ft

1000m / 3281ft

2000m / 6562ft

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below 10,000

10,000 to 50,000

50,000 to 100,000

100,000 to 500,000

500,000 to 1 million

1 million to 5 million

Population

Map key

C

MACEDONIA

Pelister a 2601m

N

SKOPJE

114

25

24

23

22

ina Dimitrovgrad Vlasotince ik lica Grde Kapa Moraâka ‹avnik Podujevë/ Mojkovac 2226m nik/ r a Mitrovicë/ Gllam Podujevo Glavnik G o Mitrovica Bileáa Kukavica Roªaje kra o M â 1441m Obiliq/Obili Berane Tre Vladiâin Han bi # Kola#in âitrn rri/Vu Vusht H nji ajla Nik#iá Go ca Slano Andrijevica Vilusi l Surdulica ë/ Kosov Fushë i ja Trebinje Kliâevo (PRISTINA) Pejë/Peá Klinë/ Kosovo Polje ov k Klina m o P Besna Kobila rekornica Dubrovnik O Kamenicë/ Gjeravicë/Ãeravica Plav Vranje r j 1923m Vermosh lps 2658m Deçan/ Kamenica Cavtat Ze e n nA a t Gusinje a i not n Dubrovnik Deâane Drin (full independence Crkvice Bosilegrad lba Gjilan/ i A ized) i c recogn yet nova B Vukël Buja Beli D ard Gnjilane rth Maja e Jezercës Herceg-Novi rim h Shtime/ No 2693m Tropojë Ferizaj/ Rahovec/Orahovac Štimlje Kotor Bogë Tivat Uro#evac Pre#evo Theth Tuzi Straªa Suharekë/ Lováen Cetinje Curri a Gjakovë/ Bajram 1547m ca k Podgori Reka Suva s r 1749m ca Ðakovi o t ten Ljubo o ik/ Kaçan Liqeni i Fierzës Prizren 2496m Budva aK SHKODËR Fierzë Mlado Nagoriâane Kriva Palanka Kaâanik Virpazar Bok Koplik t/ a n Ruen it Krumë ri a n ab a i 2251m r r r anovo Scutari r Kum Lake Zhur/ a i n Petrovac na Moru nt C i S a li K Kratovo M o u Žur n L u m MFushë-Arrëz KUKË v Kamenica Osogo Shkodër Tetovo Ãorâe Petrov Skopje a Kukës Koritnik Zletovo 2394m Probi#tip Pukë Bar Delâevo ani na Rranxë Koâ Vrv ·elino Titov Mali i Zebës Bicaj Petrovec 2747m 1987m Sveti Nikole Vinica ica n l Ulcinj t a i LEZHË i Fani re g Âegrane Lisec Va Berovo i m Jakupica r ‹tip P l a â1754 Shëngjin Lu Gostivar kovica s Vele Rrëshen Glava a Korab Solunsk Golem a Rubik Gjiri i Lezhë Radovi# 2539m 2755m Lumiiti Ulëz St r Mat Drinit Peshkopi DIBËR um ica Laç Milot Og Burrel Maqellarë Gradsko B ra a Kepi i Rodonit b u n a Rosoman ªd a Kiâevo Mamuras bu en Debar Klos o otin ija Neg Kap ir n Fushë-Krujë Dem e#te Debr mica a Stru Krujë Bulqizë Plasnica i DURRËS darc Kava Shën Noj i Madh Valandovo Tirana Rinas Kru#evo 1848m n Shijak Vorë Prilep a ª o u K ns f k e ka Bogdanci Zelen Breg aR Durrës Maja e Shebenikut Pl 2166m 2253m Vele#ta a Krrabë A) ni (TIRAN Librazhd Struga Gevgelija na TIRANË Ohrid Resen Kavajë Elbasan

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In February 2008, Kosovo (a UN Protectorate within Serbia since 1999) declared independence. Although now recognized by numerous countries, this decision has proved controversial with other states wary of setting a precedent for separatist groups within their own borders. It is therefore likely to be some time before Kosovo becomes universally recognized.

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Processing industries based on the region’s wealth of mineral reserves predominate in Albania and Macedonia. In other regions, industrial plants have been commandeered, if not destroyed in the war and mineral extraction has severely declined. The fast-flowing rivers found throughout the Dinaric Alps are exploited to generate hydro-electric power.

Transport and industry

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 The historic centre of Mostar in southern Bosnia, with its famous 16thcentury Turkish bridge, was destroyed by shelling during 1993. The bridge was rebuilt and opened again in 2004.

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A R I A L G EUROPE: SOUTHEAST EUROPE

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m The Arda river cuts through the Rhodope Mountains in rugged, rocky gorges.

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m Layers of black volcanic ash still cover the island of Santorini. This volcano last erupted 3500 years ago, but still shows signs of volcanic activity.

The islands of Crete, Kythira, Karpathos and Rhodes are part of an arc which bends southeastwards from the Peloponnese, forming the southern boundary of the Aegean.

Pindus Mountains

Maritsa Basin

Balkan Mountains

O

Rhodes

L u d o Glavinit Dulovo Sredishte Tetovo Kardam g o Kubrat Zavet General Toshevo r i eTervelKarape lit R UTsar SE Ostrovo Isperih Orlyak DOBRICH Do Kaloyan Vetovo n Kliment a Venets Kaolinovo i

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L

The Danube, Europe’s second longest river, forms most of Bulgaria’s northern border. The Danubian plain (Dunavska Ravnina), extending from the southern bank, is extremely fertile.

Corinth Canal (Dioryga Korinthou)

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The Peloponnese consist of several mountainous peninsulas, linked to the mainland by the Isthmus of Corinth. The Corinth Canal (Dioryga Korinthou), built in 1893, cuts through the isthmus, linking the Aegean and Ionian seas.

Ancient metamorphic rock, formed miles below the surface

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Scale 1:2,500,000

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Nos Shabla Kavarna Knezha Borovo Opaka Slivak Valchi Dol Slavyanovo Balchik Nos Kaliakra Byala Slatina 2168m Gorna Studena Novi Pazar Obnova S k a t Dolni Dabnik Loznitsa Yazovir Zlatni Pyasatsi Popovo Suvorovo Krivodol Gabare Polski Trambesh Chiprovtsi Varna Lom Beli P L E V E N Dralfa Telish Sadovets Kaspichan Letnitsa Levski Varna Berkovitsa V R AT S A VELIKO TARNOVO Gol y a m a R Shumen Devnya Beloslav Varnenski Zaliv Targovishte Vratsa Cherven Bryag Pavlikeni Doyrentsi Suhindol ia nsko Provad Varshets Varne G oly Dolna Oryahovitsa Sindel Ezero Lukovit Lovech Yazovir sitsa Kom Mezdra Roman TARGOVISHTE Veliki Smyadovo Zlatna Panega Ro Aleksandŭr 2015m Dalgopol V A R N A Preslav Yazovir Stamboliyski Veliko Tarnovo Gorna Oryahovitsa Gol K Yablanitsa L O V E C H a vo K a m c hi a m chi a Ticha Veselino P l a ne m a Sevlievo Kilifarevo Dolni Chiflik in Ni s h a v a Mikre Vidima Razboyna Yazovir Tsonevo Byala a Botevgrad Km Yantra Y Svoge Dryanovo Elena Dragoman 1128m Teteven Troyanski 30 40 0 5 10 50 60 70 ovo 20 Lyulyak Gabrovo Troyan Yazovir Ruy 1706m L u d a am H el Tryavna Vrachesh Slivnitsa Prohod Obzor Etropole a Balgarka K Chumerna d z hiysk Banya Kamchia GABROVO 1525m Apriltsi a Vi t Tran SOFIA Murgash 1687m 1181m 1536m Re 40 60 30 70 50 0 5 10 20 Shipchenski Prohod Sungurlare Nos Botev ka Aytos Miles Novi Iskar Sarantsi Pirdop 1185m Breznik Vezhen 2198m S L I V E NTrapoklovo 2376m Emine Gurkovo Sofia hkovo Yazovir Kables Klisura projection: Lambert Conformal Conic ar Karlovo Neseb Yazovir Kazanlak Sopot S O FBratia IA Golemi Vrah Pernik Zhrebchevo Tu Sliven Karnobat GRAD 1518m Bogdan 1604m Kalofer Koprinka A S Burgas 1480m ndz ha B U R GEzero Pomorie Str u Cherni Vrah Iska Vakarel Hisarya Tu n d z h a Pavel Banya Maglizh Zlati Voyvoda a Re Burgasko Zimnitsa 2280m Kermen Yazovir ka as Burgaski Zaliv Panagyurishte Strelcha Pyasachnik str Burg Zagora Zagora Stara Nova PER NIK Yazovir 1235m Bratan Sozopol Yambol en Ihtiman sk a Iskar Roza Izvor Dragovishtitsa Rek a Yazovir Mandra Brezovo Bobov Dol Samokov Maslen Nos a Sredets ritsa Kyustendil a ek Sre a Razhevo Primorsko Kostenets Bratya Daskalovi Sredets RadnevoYazovir Krumovo Dupnitsa detska R Vrattsa e k Yasna K Konare R Saedinenie Polyana Elhovo S TA R A Z A G O R A KYUSTENDIL Belovo Ovcharitsa vo Izgrev Tsare Bolyarovo Polski Gradets O s o g o v Ruen 2251m Plovdiv Rakovski Malyovitsa Musala Belozem ChirpanGalabovo Pazardzhik Fa k Kondolovo ek a Ahtopol s d n Topolovgra n 2729m Parvomay l 2925m sh ai YAMBOL PA Z A R D Z H I K a Stamboliyski Sadovo Ve Malko R i l s k a Re Mount eka Rezovo Dimitrovgrad E ka Ustrem Yazovir Malko Velingrad Tarnovo Rezovska R Simeonovgrad sta P L O V D I V kVarbitsa a Sharkovo Kofçaz Asenovgrad Blagoevgrad e Yakoruda Peshtera Mladinovo ¯Iêneada Burnu H A S K O V O Deresi Rezve Simitli Yazovir Batak Iskra Lalapa§a Kayalıköy Harmanli ƒêneada Yıldı Kadiytsa Haskovo Barajı Golyama Syutkya 2186m z D Demirköy r sk a Lyubimets 1932m Biser Razlog aê M Mahya Daêı Golyam Persenk H ar manliysk a R e k a Laki Süloêlu a la Svilengrad 1031 m 2194m rı Vihren 2914 Yazovir Yazovir Yazovir Studen Yazovir Chepelare Üsküpdere Kırklareli 112 Kresna Dospat Kardzhali Devin Polezhan 2850m Ivaylovgrad Lƒ Kıyıköy Kladenets ARE KL a Strumyani Hasköy KIR d S M O LYA N Edirne A Madzharovo rdas Golyam Perelik Vize Pınarhisar B L AG O E VG R A D Dospat 2190m A Pamporovo Ardino Kardzhali Havsa Yalıköy Ivaylovgrad Gotse esta Orestiáda Smolyan Arda Momchilgrad e Sandanski Delchev hd Karacaoêlan Saray Karacaköy Tsigansko Madan KARDZHALI r ythropóta Babaeski O g r a z Marikostinovo ı lan Safaa y ih Kırcasal m tbey a Ahme Gradishte Durusu Gölü Skalotí À sa Krumovgrad os Nedelino Àa a ene ƒstanbul Boêazı 1827m K aêi Lüleburgaz Petrich Durusu n zköy t m Àerke Nésto o a Káto Nevrokópi r A Kilyos(Bosporus) I lca Varbits köy Didymóteicho Pehlivan Ágkistro e s rum a Alibey Ya r enUzunköprü ú g 1294m ran Livádi Chionótrypa Límni 2232m Megálo karı∞tı ıma Büyük ó Er d a s Barajı Sarıyer Makaza Dambaslar ı Àöpköy 1267m Kerkíni Sidirókastro F a l a k r Límni Echínos Paranésti Souflí EDIRNE Hayrabolu Muratlı Àorlu Àay ÀorluSeymen Sinekli Àatalca ı AN BU L Prosotsáni Doïráni Me k nis Dráma Stavroúpoli ƒST Meriç i á Silivr p ník Hamidiye k Íasmos Komotiní Irákleia TEKƒRDAÊ io Sá Xánthi Pínovo 1097m Sérres Le Büyük Çekmece Küplü Susuzmüsellim Banarlı Alistráti fiahin THRÁKI MAKEDONÍA oKAI ANATOLIKÍChrysoúpoli Sultanköy Küçük Atatürk ry Polÿkastro s Yürük Sápes Néa Zíchni ƒspala Pa∞ayiêit Fílippoi Tekirdaê Marmaraereêlisi Çekmece se Límni íss Pá Ve Lachanásm ó n s Kilkís Xylaganí Aisÿmie s í t Kavála Ávdira ítiRodolívos as Malkara ƒnecik Barbaros r tí Barajı g Vistonída mir Karaide L Gouménissa sko Nigríta Kadıköy Barajı o Eleftheroúpoli Amfípoli Ke§an Kumbaê Akrotírio Boloústra Alexandroúpoli Féres s Pa n g a í Giannitsá Ballı

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m Mount Olympus is a composite of rocks formed by two major tectonic events. First the older metamorphic rocks were thrust over the limestones, then two million years ago regional warping and subsequent erosion, re-exposed the limestone.

Mount Olympus

Limestone rocks exposed by erosion of metamorphic rocks

Mount Olympus is the mythical home of the Greek Gods and, at 9570 ft (2917 m), is the highest mountain in Greece.

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Ágios Achílleios

Lake Prespa

Bulgaria’s railways require investment to revive an outdated infrastructure. In Greece, despite a developing road network, ferry-boats remain the most effective form of transport in many areas.

294 miles (474 km)

4346 miles (6995 km)

345 miles (557 km)

103,930 miles (167,630 km)

The transport network

capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

chemicals engineering food processing shipbuilding textiles tourism

Major industry and infrastructure

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TURKEY Istanbul

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m A towering pinnacle at Metéora in central Greece is home to the monastery of Roussanou. The 24 rock towers which dominate the plain of Thessaly (Thessalía) are remnants of an old plateau. Long-term weathering along fissures in the rock has worn away the rest of the plateau.

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Soviet investment introduced heavy industry into Bulgaria, and the processing of agricultural produce, such as tobacco, is important throughout the country. Both countries have substantial shipyards and Greece has one of the world’s largest merchant fleets. Many small craft workshops, producing textiles and processed foods, are clustered around Greek cities. The service and construction sectors have profited from the successful tourist industry.

Transport and industry

Younger limestones created in shallow seas

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Greece is renowned as the original hearth of western civilization. The rugged terrain and numerous islands have profoundly affected its development, creating a strong agricultural and maritime tradition. In the past 50 years, this formerly rural society has rapidly urbanized, with one third of the population now living in the capital, Athens, and in the northern city of Salonica. Bulgaria, dominated for centuries by the Ottoman Turks, became part of the eastern bloc after the Second World War, only slowly emerging from Soviet influence in 1989. Moves towards democracy led to some instability in Bulgaria and Greece, now outweighed by the challenge of integration with the European Union.

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Bulgaria’s Balkan mountains divide the Danubian Plain (Dunavska Ravnina) and Maritsa Basin, meeting the Black Sea in the east along sandy beaches. The steep Rhodope Mountains form a natural barrier with Rhodope Greece, while the younger Pindus form a rugged Mountains central spine which descends into the Aegean Sea to give a vast archipelago of over 2000 islands, the largest of which is Crete.

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Including EUROPEAN TURKEY

Bulgaria & Greece

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Pélla Lagkadás Karahisar Thásos Kerdÿlio Gaziköy Sochós Édessa Amÿntaio Límni Kólpos aêı Ypsário 1127m Marmara Denizi Vegorítida Krÿa Vrÿsi Enez Àeltik Gölu Yerlisuur u D Límni Koróneia 1092m Kaválas D Mürefte K Límni Vólvi Náousa k À lar Thásos Mecidiye (Sea of Marmara) a v ∞ı k Thessaloníki Límni i a Alexándreia ér z Alykí Stavrós flarköy I K fe ym Cheimadítida m (Salonica) Kör Kalamariá Xirovoúni i o Véroia as s o o r Samothráki Akrotírio Salonikiós ni Kastoría Sa Bolayır on Stágira Ptolemaïda 1804m Thessaloníki kó Samothráki 112 Árgos Orestikó km sK Arnaía io Kastaniá Epanomí ÇANA KKAL Ea d a s ı Gelibolu Vasiliká G ó lp Fengári 1448m Megáli Panagiá ı z r DYT IKÍ MA os a KENTRIKÍ MAKEDONÍA Polÿgyros Ierissós KED ON ÍA m oê ) Büyükkemikli Akrotírio Kalathriá ÁGION e B es Neápoli Kateríni Burnu Kozáni T h e r m a ï k ó s Ólynthos a l n el l Kó Moní Vatopedíou k Siátist a l a k p o Karyés Velvéntos Gökàeada oros d Díon Néa Moudaniá sA áp ar ÓROS Sérvia gí Sténa Smólikas (D Kólpos Poteídaia ƒmroz ou Moní Megístis Lávras Pétras 2637m Eceabat S ar Burnu ƒnce Litóchor Ó o Áthos 2033m Kónitsa Aóos Grevená Ítamos 808m Ólympos Akrotírio 15 Ka Irákleio Akrotírio Pínes Tÿmfi 2497m Abide (Mount Olympus) Pláka Sárti ssá sá Œekke Burnu Ereíkoussa Delvináki 2917m n n d ra d Ali á k mo s Othonoí o Moúrtzeflos Akrotírio D p Kraniá o r s a Akrotírio Kassándras s Akrotírio Drépano Elassóna ly m Kalpáki Límnos Chásia Samothráki oÓ Deskáti Sidári Mÿrina Loutrá Akrotírio Palioúri Políochni s át Stómio Pantokrátoras Métsovo Mourgkána 1806m K Gónnoi ineió P Akrotírio Tigáni Metéora P Óssa in e Verdikoússa Passarón Palaiokastrítsa 906m iós Akrotírio Agías Eirínis Oxyá Sykourió m a r l Tÿrnavos Kerkyra Kérkyra Pérama 1416m i á s Ka Agiá on Kalampáka Filiátes Ioánnina Pineiós án (Corfu) Mavrovoúni Kérkyra Ágios Lárisa 1054m am Elevation Population Pelinnaí Gitánes h Dodó o 16 ni t Tríkala Nikol (Corfu) aos A Krannón Ágios Efstrátios Igoumenítsa Kerkíneo Tómaros above 5 million Megála Kalÿvia Lefkímmi Pí 1974m Avgó 2148m Pórta Panagiá Paramythiá Psathoúra T S S A L Í A l i o Zagorá 136 3000m / 9843ft 1 million to 5 million Palamás H E Chalkiád Í P E I RO S Akrotírio Akrotírio Trypití es Mouzáki Gioúra Iolkós Akrotírio Kórakas Kardítsa Asprókavos Míthymna Párga Kleisoúra Velestíno 500,000 to 1 million Sofádes Vólos Karáva 2000m / 6562ft Pipéri Fársala Paxoí 2184m Techníti Límni heró Néa Anchiálos Tavropoú Ántissa Kalloní Agía Paraskeví 100,000 to 500,000 as Kyrá Panagía Nartháki Pagasitikós Argalastí SkíathosAlónnisos Pyramíva Nekromanteíon 1000m / 3281ft Néo Monastíri 1011m Eresós 1782m Antípaxoi Kólpos Skópelos 50,000 to 100,000 Kassópeia Skíathos Akrotírio Sígri Thermís Domokós Almyrós Peristéra Árta Plataniá 17 E (Lesbos) Skópelos Ptéri Nikópoli ni 500m / 1640ft Mytilíni Rentína Skantzoúra pé Soúrpi 10,000 to 50,000 2128m Polichnítos Préveza fs Agiassós Akrotírio Agriliá Amvrakik Techn ití Límni 968m Ólympos ó Kólpos s IÓ NI OI 250m / 820ft below 10,000 Óthr ys u Kremastón Tymfristós Skÿros Agriovótano Vónitsa Stylída Plomári 2315m Sp e N NÍ SO I Lefkáda Amfilochía Vóreies STEREÁ VÓREIO Karpenísi Spercheiáda Istiaía Xeró rch 100m / 328ft Skÿros 991m Skyropoúla Kaliakoúda Oíti 1694meiós Lamía Nerikós Kochÿlas Giáltra Mólos Lefkáda Strofyliá Sporádes AIGAÍON Ka 2101m V ó re Boumistós Katoúna 792m T sea level io s llí r Mantoúdi Eláti Valáxa t o iker ióti d r Livanátes s E v v 1158m Meganísi1589m Akrotírio Sarakíniko Sarakinó a o ï k Límni D í lik Kifi o m o Límni Agrín io r ó ó Kálamos Ozerós fys 18 Amfíkleia ELLÁDA s K Límni Trichonída Vasilikí Kÿmi Akrotírio Kÿmis Pa ól Malesína Psará Psachná rn p DYT IKÍ Thérmo os Kardámyla a s s Chlómo Martíno Oinoússes n Ámfissa ó s 1080m Néa Artáki Matarágka Mór Orchomenós Lidoríki Antípsara Akrotírio Aitolikó Delfoí Pelinaío s Itháki Oiniádes Chalkída Livadeiá Kalydón ino 1297m Vrontádos Athéras Alivéri Dístomo Vathÿ Límni Náfpaktos v É Alíartos Paralímni Neochóri Moní Osíou Aetó s Antírr Amárynthos Mesolóngi io Nótio Kefalloniá Chíos ná Chíos Loúkas s Thíva Evv Kor des o s Río Límni Dÿstos Sámi Akrotírio Lixoúri i Kálamos o p o E l i k ó n a s Thespiés r a ï k ó s K ó l p Pátra ( G u ln t h i a Mestón Pat s f k Erythrés Aígio o f C ó ky Eléftheres P á r n i t h a Póros Argostóli Káto Achaïa 19 Pyrgí Fána o r s K ra s anachaikó K ó lp Kávo Ntóro Stÿra Aínos in ó Vília Marathónas PÿrP t h l p Alk yoni d óos Óchi ros 1628m Acharnés Xylókastr o n ) os Káto Vlasiá Mándra 1398m Kifisiá s ELLÁ o DA MakryplágiMégara Elefsína é Kiáto Akrotírio Killínis Lecha Akrotírio fir 1351m iná Skóllis C Kalávry ta Salamína ATHÍNA (ATHENS) Kárystos K a Ku ∞ a d a s ı Skinári Spáta 966m Erÿmanthos h e l Kaliánoi Loutráki Ísthmía Salamína ó ó l Petalioí m Vartholomió Pineiós mós Vrachíonas 2224m Athens Akrotírio Griá Körfezi Kórinthos ós ta pos Dióryga Peiraías Koropí Gastoúni Lámpeia K 756m ó 994m Pétalo p (Corinth) l o Za i ón As Korinthou (Piraeus) Karlóvasi kÿ Ándros Zákynthos Amaliáda Saron don Sámos Keratéa Neméa nt Palaiópoli (Saro ikós Kerketévs 1433m Sámos achos Kerí Ándros Sofikó Aígina nic Kó Lávrio Makrónisosi m The dry scrubland seen here at Vasilikí Pythagóreio Pÿrgos 20 s Akrotírio Fanári Olympía Gu lpo Aígina Levídi Akrotírio Marathiá Zákynthos lf ) s in Crete, is characteristic of much of Lagkádia Agkístri Ikaría Thérma Pagóndas Árgos Ioulís Tínos ) hn a í o Ky p Kréstena Alfeió Gyáros The fertile plains of Mantíneia e s e r a c Akrotírio Soúnio Akrotírio Liváda Methanon Ágios Kírykos southern Greece, and is caused by Palaiá s Tziá A ar Trípoli n n ou Exompourgo i Zacháro M Andrítsaina Epídavros Póros ATTIKÍ Thÿmaina Foúrnoi centuries of forest clearance and soil hn ín Tínos Bulgaria support cattle, Akrotírio Pápas Karkinágri Agathónisi Lérni Náfplio po Dídymo thi Akrotírio Tamélos K ÿ t Póros Chalándri o degradation. Landslides are also common. ó 1113m Sÿros Ermoúpoli Mÿkonos Ástros el en zio Ágios Geórgios t Arkoí fruit, vegetables, tobacco and Kÿthnos Ermióni S á i P Pátmos Mÿkonos dras Néda os kó s ( Megalópoli tr Ríneia Dílos lpos Ÿ ó Leipsoí Kÿthnos Strofá K des Ÿdra Kranídi PELO PÓNN ISOS cereal cultivation, while also Farmakonísi ou Pátmos Ÿdra Kyparissía Sellasía Paralía é r i f Serfopoúla 21 Spétses Meligalás óS Tyroú providing traditional industries with n e Stavrí Akrotírio Filiatrá n í a Spétses Agía Marína St Sérifos i on Léros Leonídio u L Garga o liánoi Donoúsa Spárti a k a grapes for wine, sunflowers for oil, and n Imia on s Messíni Paroikiá Náxos Síf Próti ía Antíparos Mystrás nó Kálymnos Lykódimo Kaláma roses for perfume. Over half of Greece is Páros Náxos Ev Geráki Sífnos Ste ta 958m Kínaros Levítha Psérimos Sfaktiría Ágios Ilías Velopoúla Kálymnos Koufonísi Ste n ó Kástro Despotikó barren upland. Citrus fruit, olives and tobacco 2404m Pÿlos Kímolo Liádi Kos Kéros Schoinoússa u Sífnou Kos Skála cheia Antimá Amorgós Falkonéra Antímilos Irákleia are widely exported, yet much of rural life is Kímolos Sapiénza Koróni Gÿtheio Moláoi Lagkáda Akrotírio ou Amorgós Akrotírio Iérax r Pláka Íos d Polÿaigos Schíza Akrotírio Kéfalos an Gyalí still characterized by subsistence cropping Chóra Kalotási Monemvasiá lég Areópoli Fo Akrítas Floúda Síkinos ou Ánidro Akrotírio g and goat herding. Daimoniá í Sangiás a Mílos Sÿmi 1215m o l y Folégandros N Ó T I O N A I G A Í O N Nísyros óP Sesklió Astypálaia Ródos (Rhodes) Neápoli Akrotírio Mavrópetra Ofidoússa en Tílos ROM A t Paradisi S Elafónisos NIA Geroliménas Akrotírio Taliarós Thirasía Por thmós Thíra Maïna Akrotírio Maléas Anáfi Ela Pleven Akrotírio Nea Kaméni Land use and Karavás f on (Rhodes) Sÿrna Varna Afántou Shumen Taínaro íso Alimía Dimyliá Santoríni agricultural distribution Archángelos Kÿthira Ro Chálki Tría Nisía SOFIA BULGARIA Pacheía Atávyros Christiána Megísti Burgas Monólithos 1215m Stara Zagora Kÿthira Strongylí capital cities cattle os Línd E Sofraná major towns A fishing Apolakkiá Plovdiv te goats Kırklareli Karavonísia pasture DONIA E rio C Akrotí A Edirne M n ( S sheep Paraspóri ó Kattavía cropland TURKEY Istanbul e a cereals 120 K Astakída Potamós Akrotírio Prasonísi forest o Tekirdaê ar Chamilí f Saría citrus fruits Antikÿthira Salonica C r e 24 pá mountain region t e ) th cotton ou olives Akrotírio Spátha Kárpathos roses GREECE K Akrotírio Voúxa Larisa Kalí Límni Ae tobacco C h aó l p o s Volos ge 1215m nión vineyards Pylés Chaniá Kíssamos Kárpathos Armathía Plátanos lmyroú The urban/rural population divide Soúda os A Akrotírio Stavrós Día te m Akrotírio Kástelo s Káso TURKEY Ioánnis L Ágios e f ká Ór i Akrotírio n 25 Irákleio Pánormos urban 65% rural 35% Dragonáda ó Réthymno Irákleio Kántanos K Kólpos Anógeia Patra ás Knossos ATHENS Margarítes Páchnes u Mirampéllo Neápoli Elása o Siteía Krousónas Corinth 2452m u Akrotírio Kriós Palaiochóra Lató Spíli Í Akrotírio Pláka Ágios Nikólaos  These terraces, Arkalochóri di Chóra Sfakíon 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Zákros Díkti Zarós built on the hillside Akrotírio Mélissa Thryptís KRÍTI Vasilikí a Mártha Moíres Tympáki 1476m at Naxos, an island Population density Total land area Mes Paximádia a r á Kófinas of the Cyclades Koufonísi Mÿrtos Ierápetra Gavdopoúla 245 people per sq mile 102,353 sq miles 1231m group, help to guard against Chrÿsi Akrotírio Líthino (95 people per sq km) (265,164 sq km) Gávdos soil erosion. 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Romania, Moldova & Ukraine

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The fertile black soils of Ukraine, often called ‘the breadbasket of Europe’, have enabled the cultivation of a variety of cereals and vegetables, which are widely exported. Romania and Moldova also grow cereals, sunflowers and vegetables, and are noted for the quality of their wines.

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 The fertile lands and tolerant climate of Moldova are ideally suited to growing grapes for wine.

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Using the land

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The industrial, social and cultural make-up of Romania and the former Soviet states of Moldova and Ukraine still bear the imprint of their communist past. As part of the USSR, Ukraine was a leading agricultural, industrial and energy producer. These industries, like those in Moldova and Romania, are now being reoriented more firmly towards western markets. As a result of shifting borders, and Soviet policy actively encouraging Russian immigration into other Soviet states like Ukraine and Moldova, all three countries now contain large numbers of foreign nationals. In 2014, the Russian Federation drew international condemnation by annexing the Ukrainian territory of Crimea.

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Kosiv N L'viv L Berehove poultry O Chernivtsi Briceni P OBLAST’ Ocni√a iest sheep er UKRAINE CHERNIVETS’KA Hora Hoverla Vynohradiv Khust Lipcani cereals Vyzhnytsya Novoselytsy SLOVAKIA 2061m Yampil’ Râdâuπ a i-Prut Rakhiv sza i T t Storo cotton zhyn u Tya ets’ chi r Dondu∞e Dnipropetrovs'k v ni Edineπ P Verkhovyna OBLAST’ Hlyboka B O TDarabaniCupcina sugar beet Soroca Chernivtsi Satu Livada Negre∞ti-Oa∞ Drochia O fi A sunflowers Puty MOLDOVA la Sighetu Sâveni Mare vineyards Marmaπiei Dorohoi Flore∞ti Carei Siret Vi∞eu de Sus Ora∞u Nou Rî∞cani Mârcule∞ti Marginea Râdâuπi Brâe∞ti H ROMANIA CHIfiINÂU capital cities SATU MARE Some∞ Baia Sprie MA Vatra ut Glodeni Bucece Tru∞e∞ti a Odesa Bor∞ Va RA Timi∞oara a lea lui Mihai Pi∞colt MUREfi Bâlπi Râ major towns Ardusat Solca Vârful PietrosulMoldoviπei fitefâne∞ti Ba ia Bra§ov Ma Boto ∞ani re a 2303m Satulung Suceava Mun Tâ∞nad pasture Sîngerei fiomcuta Mare Ji ji √ii Rodnei Târgu Gura Humorului Sâcueni Fâle∞ti Telene∞ti cropland B Lâpu∞ BISTRI∏A- Vârful Ineu Câmpulung Nicolae Ma u rgh ita â Fâlticeni BUCHAREST L forest Bâlcescu Sângeorz-Bâi 2279m Ba rc Moldovenesc A Mo Gâlgâu fiimleu Jibou C K Iacobeni Trife∞ti wetland S E A l NÂSÂUD Surduc Silvaniei Hârlâu Vatra SUCEAVA dov Corne∞ti Nâsâ Za a lâu ud IAfiI Bor§ Oradea Dornei B U Câlâra∞i Bis triπ Bro∞t a Pa∞cani eni Ale∞d SÂLA L G A R I A Podu Iloaiei Ungheni J Dej Beclean Tileagd Cr m a i l n â i TârguC Neamπ i i∞u Sir Co Târgu √i Gherla Zim n bor lR Vârfu dr e Frumos l Pietrosul u ii B IH O R epede Ciucea NEAM∏ 2100m CL UJ Sârâπel Ia∞i Salonta Tin The urban/rural population divide Borsec Sâbâoani Vârfu l Toaca Topli πa ca Vârful Vlâdeasa Teaca Nisporeni 1900m Piatra Hu edi M n Tulghe∞ eg ru Apahida 1837m Bicaz urban 65% rural 35% Beiu∞ Bis Neamπ ul N Reghin C ri∞ Ditrâu Cluj-Napoca tri Roznov Roman Chi∞ineufiepreu∞ Negre∞ti πa M u 10 n π ii Gheorgheni Cri∞ Cermei Beliu fitei Câmpia Târgu MUREfi Buhu∞i Bâce∞ti Tur da A Bâlan p u Tur s e zii ni C r i ∞ u l Al b Nâdab Sovata Mu Cu re∞ Sângeorgiu HARG rtici Nucet Albac 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Sântana Ineu Hu∞i Iernut Ludu∞ Va∞câu Arie ∞ Ocna de Pâdure PraidMare HIT fiiria Pâncota Bacâu Vaslui Sebi∞ Gurahonπ Nâdlac Moine∞ti Mure∞ Bâlâ u∞er Population density Total land area i VASLUI Leova Sânnicolau ic â ARAD Târnâveni BACÂU Abrud Aiud Pecica ava M Cristuru Comâne∞ti Târgu Mare Tâ rn Baia de Cri∞ Cri∞cior Zlatna Teiu∞ Secuiesc Periam Dumbrâv Râcâciuni Mure Radna 222 people per sq mile 334,947 sq miles eni Vânâtori Odorheiu MiercureaOcnaT Fâlciu S ∞ Bra Blaj i Lo r d vrin Secuiesc Ciuc Slânic ot Lipova (86 people per sq km) (867,740 sq km) Alba Iulia Dane∞ Vinga u Vâli∞oara Cantemir Biled One∞ti ∞ Media∞ Sighi∞oara Moldova Sâv âr∞ Cop in ∞ ∞a 11 T Micâ e IM Ifi Bârlad Ilia Jimbolia ur Agnita CO Deva M Sebe∞ VA Timi∞oara Adjud SN A Balinπ Rupea Dobra Cârpini∞ Ocna Sibiului SIB IU Simeria Bere∞ti Sfântu Orâ∞tie Hunedoara Târgu Sibiu lt Fâgâra∞ P Mâieru∞ Gheorghe Secuies Câlan Cahul Panciu Cug GALA∏I c ∞ ir O Buzia∞ Lugoj Feldioara HU Mârâ∞e∞ti Vârful Pade∞NEDOARA Jebel Tecuci Covasna Cisnâdie Victoria BRAfiOV Codlea Târgu Bujor Bretea-Românâ Foc∞ani 1378m Ive∞ti Prejm er Vârful Moldoveanu Haπeg Odobe∞ti Oπelu Ro∞u Fârliug Folte∞ti 2544m Zârne Bra∞ov Întorsura Gâtaia  Glacial lakes Vârful Peleaga Deta ∞ti Vârful Negoiu Petrila Vulcâne∞ti VRANCEA Buzâului Ezeri∞ Râ∞novSâcele Denta Caransebe∞ 2509m 2535m Tuluce∞ti are found Bran Predeal Moraviπa Petr 12 o∞an Dumbrâven i VÂLCEA i Vintilâ CA Vodâ Azuga RA throughout the fiAR Vul can GE fi Galaπi Reni Comorâ∞te Boc∞a Re∞iπa Bu∞teni Independenπa Uricani Brezoi Râmnicu Lupeni Vârful Omul Transylvanian Alps Sinaia Ozero Bâile Olâne∞ti Câlimâne∞ti Pâtârlagele Sârat Anina Cara∞ova 2506m u Comarnic Câmp Nov â Kahul ulung aci z (Carpatii Meridionali), GORJ SEVERIN Horezu Ocnele Râmnicu de BUZÂU Boldu Bu Brâila Mâcin Breaza Slânic Vâlenii Oraviπa Mari Târgu Jiu although the mountains Munte Isaccea Vâlcea Râcâ∞dia Mehadia Bâile Govora PRAHOVA Ulmeni Buzâu fiuπe∞ti Baia de Aramâ no longer have any Curtea Câmpina Fâurei Bâile Ianca Târgu Cârbune∞ti Moldova Nouâ Pucioasa de Arge∞ permanent snow cover. Bâicoi Urlaπi Herculane Motru Vârful Svi Viziru necea Mare Mizil Moreni Smeeni 1224m Ione∞ti Moldova Veche Ciucurova Însurâπei Dâ 13 m Târgovi∞te Ploie∞ti Drobeta-Turnu Or∞ova Pogoanele al Lunca Topoloveni BRÂILA Ciorani om Severin Corbului iπ Giurgeni Urziceni Drâgâ∞ani Gâe∞ti Titu a Strehaia Filia∞i Coste∞ti Hâr∞ova Ia O MEHEDIN∏I lom IAL OM I∏A ∏ândârei Jitaru Râcari i Otopeni Heavy industry using local raw materials characterizes π a Buftea Câzâne∞ti Vânju Mare ILFOV Slobozia Bal∞ Crucea much of this region. The industrial heartland of Ukraine, Slatina Dragalina Mihail esn M l Kogâlniceanu os (BUCHAREST) âπui u √ Balac t i i∞t CÂL OLT specializing in metal and machine-building industries, is Mihâile∞ti ÂRAfiI Bra Fete∞ti Cernavodâ Leu ea Videle Cetate 14 Drâgâne∞ti-Olt Bude∞ti Curcani Dorobanπu Medgidia Ro∞iori Drâgâne∞tiCaracal DOLJ based around its vast mineral reserves in the Donbass Ulmeni Danube Câlâra∞i de Vede Vla∞ca Radomire∞ti Bâile∞ti Basarabi Cala GIU fat n â RGI TEL u r U EORMAN ea) Ion Corvin D region. In Moldova, food processing draws on produce Poiana Mare Olteniπa ( 112 Daia Alexandria Danube (Dunârea Bâneasa Cobadin Giurgi u ) Furcule∞ti from its agricultural sector. Romanian industry relies both Dâbuleni Piatra Corabia Bechet Islaz Turnu Mâgurele on local raw materials and imported iron, steel and oil. Negru Bragadiru Vodâ Zimnicea 15

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116

Major industry and infrastructure

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SLOVAKIA

17

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170,707 miles (274,757 km)

1170 miles (1883 km)

21,474 miles (34,563 km)

4130 miles (6647 km)

Increased industrialization has necessitated the upgrading of road and rail networks in all three countries. Modernization has tended to focus only on major cities and industrial areas.

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114  During the 1960s and 1970s, many industries, like this carbon factory, developed using the mineral resources on the flanks of the Transylvanian Alps (Carpatii Meridionali). I

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Population 500,000 to 1 million

2000m / 6562ft

100,000 to 500,000

1000m / 3281ft

50,000 to 100,000

A

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100m / 328ft sea level

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Vorozhba Bilopillya

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below 10,000

122

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ilka t an Mys s’ke seliv K Novo kyy Lenine Katlabukh ul Ch Vylkove Tarkhankut il R E S P U B L I K A K R Y M iv Pivnichno-Kryms’ Kerchens’kyy Water has Bra√ str vo Izmayil lavivka Pivostriv Pi dys yy Vla s’k ym Kr e eroded a new Br a √u l Su l in a Kirovs’k (annexed by Russian yy rs’k mo Pry s’ke Hvardiy 2014) tion, Federa Sulina post-glacial valley ’k riya Tulcea Saky Bilohirs Yevpato Br Feodosiya Delta a√ u (C rim ea ) m Balkas are common Kalami ts’ka Staryy Krym l Sf ânt Dunârii uG throughout Ukraine. They Mykolayivka Simferopol’ Simferopol’ ak Sud h e TULCEA orghe Zatoka ory Mys Mehanom are large U-shaped Babadag Bakhchysaray k i H Lacul valleys, formed during the s’ a Kach m Razim Alushta last Ice Age, which contain ry m The Swallow’s Nest 1545m osh an-K Rom K Hora Sevastopol’ Steppe landscape Most of the major rivers in narrower, deep valleys. Mihai Viteazu castle at Yalta is one Hurzuf ta Yal Lacul covers two-thirds of southeastern Europe, like Mys Khersones These were incised by a of many tourist resorts Sinoie Foros Ukraine. These flat, the Danube, the Dniester sudden flow of water, Alupka on the Crimean (Krym) CONSTAN∏A The Codrii Hills dominate ch Sary Mys treeless grasslands and Dnieper flow south following an ice melt. coast, dubbed the the landscape of central 120 extend from central and east to the Black Sea. Ovidiu ‘Russian Riviera’. Moldova; they are Mamaia Europe to central Asia. Anti-clockwise intersected by deep, flat Eforie-Nord currents have created valleys and ravines. Techirghiol the sandspits which Eforie- Sud Uplifted and folded at the same Tuzla fringe the Sea of Azov. time as the Alps, some 250 miles Mangalia (400 km) of the eastern Carpathian Vast flat lowlands and gently rolling hills cover most of Mountains contain ancient volcanic cones and craters. southeastern Europe. In the southwest, the Carpathian Luhyny

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Mountains form a gentle arc. To the south of the Carpathian Mountains lies the Danube Plain, across which the Danube river flows to the Black Sea. To the north and east, the hills of Moldova level out into low plains, running east to the steppes of Ukraine.  Divided into crystalline massifs, the southern arm of the Carpathian Mountains, the Transylvanian Alps (Carpatii Meridionali), extend 170 miles (274 km) across southwestern Romania. N

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The Apuseni Mountains (Muntii Apuseni) are rich in mineral deposits, including gold and iron ore.

16

Transylvanian Alps (Carpatii Meridionali)

Q

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The three branches of the Danube Delta (Delta Dunârii) form a triangle of wetlands covering some 1950 sq miles (5050 sq km).

The Danube forms a natural border between Romania and Bulgaria.

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At Kryms’ki Hory, three flattopped, parallel limestone ridges run 80 miles (128 km) along the southern coast of the Crimean (Krym) Peninsula.

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I

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pasture cropland forest wetland

capital cities major towns

cattle pigs cereals flax potatoes timber

Land use and agricultural distribution

Kaliningrad

50

60

70

80

122

90

100

Ventspils RÍGA

L I T H U A N I A

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m The Western Dvina river provides hydro-electric power and, during the summer months, access to the Baltic Sea. The lower course of the river freezes from December to April.

Brest

Alytus

Kaunas

Babruysk

Q

122

sea level

100m / 328ft

250m / 820ft

Elevation

below 10,000

10,000 to 50,000

50,000 to 100,000

100,000 to 500,000

500,000 to 1 million

1 million to 5 million

Population

Map key

Homyel'

BELARUS

MINSK

Vitsyebsk

UK RA INE

VILNIUS

Daugavpils

LATVIA

Võru

Tartu

LITHUANIA

 A pine forest in northern Belarus. Conifers in the north give way to hardwood forest further south. Timber mills are supplied with logs floated along the country’s many navigable waterways.

145,006 sq miles (375,656 sq km)

40

122 people per sq mile (47 people per sq km)

30

rural 31%

Total land area

20

urban 69%

TALLINN

ESTONIA

Liepája

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RUSS.F ED .

Population density

10

O

Across the four nations cattle and pig farming are widespread, together with diverse arable crops, including flax for making linen, potatoes used to produce vodka, cereals and other vegetables. Almost a third of the land is forested; demand for timber has increased the importance of forest management.

Using the land

N

The urban/rural population divide

M

Rasony Kráslava Kakhanavichy Kretinga Plungë PANEVË ·YS Klyastsitsy Vozyera Yezyaryshcha Bihosava Daugavpils Kupi#kis Nyeshcharda Toliejai kis Varniai Uªventis Skrudaliena a Klaipëda Subaâius ‹eduva Druya rys Dretun’ Vyerkhnyadzvinsk Zarasai D Myazha Bychykha Dusetos Gargªdai Rietavas Naujamiestis Slabodka Borkavichy Panevëªys Laukuva Kraªiai Turmantas Baisogala Kelmë Priekulë Baravukha Svëdesai Braslaw Myory Drúk#iai Tytuvënai Tro#kúnai ‹vëk#na Navapolatsk/Novopolotsk ) in a Anyk#âiai Visaginas Opsa a a KLAIPËDA ‹ilalë Dzisn n Haradok s Dúk#tas Novy Pahost Dzi Polatsk Surazh oj i nt ·emaiâiù Ramygala Utena Vyetryna a y ve Rasein tsin anavich iai Siro Skaud Hyerm Kavarskas Nida ny vilë ‹ Hara Naumiestis D Vidzy U TENA Shumilina Dotnuva Këdainiai Luzhki Obal’ ‹ilutë Yanavichy Homyel’ Rusnë Sharkawshchyna Ignalina Prazaroki em Kamajai Ukmergë ‹ëta Kazyany BSKAYA VOBLASTS’/ Tauragë SYE VIT an Ariogala Rybachiy KAUNAS Ula Molëtai Sarochyna Plisa TAURAGË ·elva Ushachy Pagëgiai Aduti#kis Courland ‹venâionëliai Varapayeva YA OBLAST’ KA Padsvillye EBS Jurbarkas VIT Vandªiogala Lagoon Zhary Seredªius Sovetsk Hlybokaye Giedraiâiai ‹venâionys Pastavy Jonava Neman Byeshankovichy s Zelenogradsk Lyozna Vilkija i N er Krulyewshchyzna Lyntupy Krasnoznamensk Bacheykava Zhilino ‹irvintos ‹akiai Pabradé Kamyen’

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m The seaport of Riga is Latvia’s capital and the centre of economic and cultural life. With a 32% Russian minority in Latvia, language and the right to national citizenship are key issues.

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Occupying Europe’s main corridor to Russia, the four distinct F i n l a n d cultures of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Belarus share a o f G u l f history of struggle for nationhood against the interests of Purekkari Neem Prangli Naissaar more powerful neighbours. As the first republics to Loksa Kolga Laht N a r v a B a y Kunda declare their independence from the Soviet Union in Maardu Aseri LÄÄNETALLINN 1990–91, the Baltic states of Estonia, Haljala Narva Kohtla-Järve Sillamäe Raasiku Paldiski VIRUMAA Kiviõli Tallinn Keila nna Viiviko Osmussaar Latvia and Lithuania sought an economic role Püssi Kehra Jõhvi Aegviidu Klooga Rakvere IDAHARJUMAA Pirita Viru-Jaagupi Narva in the EU, while reaffirming their Tapa Reservoir VIRUMAA Tudu Tamsalu Kose Tahkuna Nina European cultural roots through the church Iisaku Riguldi Väike-Maarja Kohila Vormsi Risti Järva-Jaani Kärdla Alajóe and a strong musical tradition. Meanwhile, Rapla Rakke Haapsalu Avinurme Palivere JÄRVAMAA HIIUMAA Belarus has shown economic and political RAPLAMAA aa LÄÄNEMAA Paide Hiiumaa Käina Märjamaa sam Kullamaa õlt JÕGEVAMAA Mustvee allegiance to Russia by joining the Koigi P Järvakandi Türi Jõgeva Kasari Lake Emmaste in Kirbla Commonwealth of Independent States. Vä Lihula Peipus n

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The Pripet Marshes form the largest area of ‘unreclaimed’ marshland in Europe. They also provide a network of navigable waterways across southern Belarus.

G

H

I

N

376 miles (606 km)

40 miles (64 km)

J

K

Railways are being superseded by roads linking the ports with eastern Europe and Russia. A highway connecting the three Baltic capitals with Warsaw has been proposed.

6830 miles (11,016 km)

242,810 miles (391,630 km)

The transport network

L

Kaliningrad PO

R U SS.F E D .

L

ND

M

Brest

VILNIUS

Kaunas

Babruysk

N

UK RA INE

Homyel'

Vitsyebsk

BELARUS

MINSK

LITHUANIA

Recent economic restructuring has meant modernizing old Soviet industries such as vehicle production TALLINN and the paper industry, and expanding the light engineering and electronics sectors. There E S T O N I A Tartu has also been a revival of traditional crafts Võru like carpentry and amber work. Although Ventspils RÍGA Estonia has oil shale reserves, the Baltic Liepája economies still rely heavily on Russian LATVIA ‹iauliai Daugavpils raw materials and energy.

I

A

m This large area of marshland lies in a broad tectonic depression, mantled by glacial deposits. Peat deposits have developed below the marshes, which are prone to spring flooding.

Broad tectonic basin

Glacial deposits

A

S

Pripet Marshes A network of streams and creeks drains Peat across the marshes deposits

The Dnieper river is the third longest in Europe and forms the heart of Belarus’s drainage system.

R

S

Babruysk/ Bobruysk

Transport and industry

K

ch

M a r s h e s

A

Homyel’/ Gomel’

Mahilyow/Mogilev

S F

T

IO

N

O

capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

P

Q

m Rich oil shale deposits in northern Estonia are quarried, crushed and heated to produce almost 32,000 barrels of oil a day.

amber mining car manufacture chemicals electrical goods oil shale food processing light engineering paper industry

Major industry and infrastructure

E

TIO

26

Byelavyezhskaya Pushcha

Ros’

Nuclear fall-out from the 1986 Chernobyl (Chornobyl’) disaster in Ukraine has contaminated large areas of agricultural land in Belarus.

S

U N RA

m Courland Spit is one of the largest of its kind on the Baltic coast, created by longshore currents moving eastwards.

Ah i ns ki K a na l

U

L

’

The Vidzeme Uplands (Vidzemes Augstiene) is a region of mixed forest and pasture.

a

P r i p e t

E

L an

Brest

B

MINSK

o

R

IA E ED

25

A

Ala

Courland Spit

L

pr

24

O

VILNIUS

et rip

23

The landscape

go

on

Scale 1:2,750,000

P

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M

RUSSIAN F EDERATION

man

Ne

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Wz Na vy va sh h

MARIJAMPOLÉ

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Chernyakhovsk

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25

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Vozyera Svir Vyelyewshchyna Byahoml’ 14 Grigi#kes Novalukoml’ Kryvichy Lentvaris Vilkavi#kis Jieznas era ava Vozy Dawhin i Kybartai Trakai Krasnaluk Gusev Bir#tonas a Lukomskaye Orsha Vilnius Mamonovo Baltoji Voke Medininkai Marijampolë aL Kuranyets Khalopyenichy Abchuha Pravdinsk Kokhanava Baran’ t ul Rúdi#kës Lyenina s Juozapinës Kalnas i Balbieri# kis V Vilyeyka Smarhon’ Bagrationovsk chyn 292m Tala Kalvarija Plyeshchanitsy Kopys’ Ozersk Zembin Sava Zachystsye Ashmyany Alytus Zheleznodorozhnyy Vyazyn’ Bobr Simnas Daugai Yakawlyevichi Valkininkai Bytcha Krupki Horki ‹alâininkai rkys Maladzyechna Kreva 110 15 Byenyakoni Kruhlaye Barysaw/ Hal’shany hytsy yaz low Krasnaye Kn Shk ALYTUS Lahoysk Ei#i#kës Borisov Lazdijai Dieveni#kës ats’ Ord Radashkovichy Merkinë Varëna Voranava Mstsislaw Valozhyn Halowchyn Zhodzina Leipalingis Rasna Veisiejai Radun’ MINSK/ HORAD nichy Byaly Yuratsishki Pyarshai Smalyavichy ’/ Khodasy Zaslawye GOROD MINSK TS AS BL Lipnishki VO A Druskininkai HILYOWSKAYBry Dzmitravichy MA Islach li Bakshty Iwye Labkovichy Ratamka Harbavichy Tsyakhtsin Ush a Lida Chavusy Ivyanyets kaye a Neman Parechcha no razi National Minsk h Bye 16 s in hs Vyeramyeyki Prudy Sapotskin HRODZYENSKAYA VOBLASTS’/ M zvys ychaw Lyubcha Vasilishki h Kr W Volm Hrandzichy Fanipal’ wka Astryna Byarozawka hka Das bcha oz Kow a Km Hrodna/ Klimavichy e ’ 30 0 5 10 50 60 80 90 100 70 20 40 ST LA yen’ y Cherv OB GRODNENSKAYA OBLAST’ a KAYA Lapatsichy Cherykaw Rodnya Grodno Hradzyanka Dzyarzhynsk MOGILEVSSlye sk a uki r dzy d Shchuchyn t o K Navahrudak u nsk ye Rudzye Nyeharela ichy r chev 5 Cha Khotsimsk Zhaludok 80 90 100 40 60 10 30 70 0 50 20 Bykhaw a Skidal’ a Pukhavichy Klichaw Chyhirynskaye Syarhyeyevichy Miles Slawharad s h Karelichyr a d Uzda Orlya Dzyatlava vichy ko yu sts Ka na Svi Svislach H Lunna Vodaskhovishcha MIN SKA YA Mar’’i Krasnapollye projection: Lambert Conformal Conic sla Abidavichy Horka 17 a Navayel’nya Stowbtsy Masty Mir Batsevichy Shatsk y Pyaski ava V Yaliz a Tal’ka aw sk Ros’ ka VOB LAS TS’ Asipovichy Kazlowshchyna Haradzyeya Kirawsk ru Zhuravichy vy la e Baron’ki Tatarka sk Nyasvizh Karma B y Tsyeshawlya Dowsk Shyshchytsy ay Vawkavysk Shchytkavichy Vyalikaya e Kapyl’ Hresk Baranavichy/ Byerastavitsa W Rahachow zv Baranovichi Vyasyeya Rock-strewn glacial plains meet the Baltic Sea along a coast Slonim Tsimkavichy y s h Zel’va Luchyn Myerkulavichy Klyetsk sha Svislach Staryya Darohi hc Syelishcha Chachersk Lyakhavichy of cliffs and sandy beaches. Hundreds of islands ranging Slutsk 18 har in lob ha Zh Broz Lyasnaya a Shchadryn Lyubanskaye Porazava Syemyezhava Urechcha Sinyawka Rudnya aya Star B ka Milavidy ha from tiny, rocky outcrops to the large island of Saaremaa, hovishc Tal’ Vodask Bytsyen’ ye Hlusk Po Chyrvonaya Slabada Novy Dvor Pratasy Ruzhany Kryvoshyn Salihorsk ova aly ash lie scattered off the Estonian mainland, creating an a-K Bud Parychy Byelavy ezhskay a Lyuban’ Vyaliki Rozhan Hantsavichy Streshyn Kosava Salihorskaye archipelago. Lakes and marshes in low-lying areas give Starobin Vodaskhovishcha Chudzin Ivatsevichy Vozyera Pushch a Svyetlahorsk/ Aktsyabrski Bal’shavik Vyetka Vyhanashchanskaye Lyusina Uvaravichy Iputs’ Svetlogorsk Zabalotstsye way to mixed woodland on fertile, undulating ground, a Z BRESTSKAYA wk uko Kastsy a y Bor rych ovy Aza sh Sasn 19 19 ha Dobru with remnants of the primeval forest which once Pruzhany Kamyanyets r o Byaroza Abrova Vozyera dd A VO BL AS TSsa’/ Linova Mal’kavichy z y e Byelaazyorsk aye HO MY EL ’SK AY covered most of Europe preserved at rvon Chy hyt Rec Bastyn’ ya Vysokaye Navasyolki Shyichy na Byelavyezhskaya Pushcha in western Belarus. Tsyerakhowka VOBLASTS’ as a Lahishyn Babichy Tewli Ip Ly Vasilyevichy Luninyets Byezdzyezh Rovyenskaya Slabada evichy Kapts Charnawchytsy Kobryn Motal’ Yasy Bo Ptsich Haradzyets br y Zhytkavichy el’d ST ’ Kholmyech  Saaremaa is the largest Lakhva Mikashevichy k Drahichyn a Zhabinka GO ME L’S KA YAichyOB LA ykaw Pyetr island in the Estonian Al’shany Dn t Kalinkav e p i r 20 20 P y ap Ivanava Vyaliki Bor Pinsk Plotnitsa archipelago. The southeastern Davydrow Mazyr P ina Turaw ska-B Haradok Loyew u hsk i K an a l parts are flat and fertile, giving t Dzivin Khoyniki ip e way to numerous low hills and Byval’ki Simanichy Buynavichy Fyadory Pr Stolin a a owly v Nar t ridges towards the northwest. s k Yel’s Brahin Rechytsa Makrany Tonyezh Ma Lyel’chytsy Dubrova Malaryta Dabryn’ Chamyarysy Stadolichy P Damachava rts’ a S l av ye c hn a b U Saaremaa Island ye odna Skar There are many shallow depressions across 21 Milashavichy 21 Estonia. These formed as the ice sheet w avichy Kira Hlushk retreated and water from the melting ice was A small delta has concentrated into lake basins, which eventually formed where the 116 found outlets in the Baltic Sea. Neman river flows into the protected waters of Courland Lagoon, behind 22 22 Courland Spit. Suur Munamägi in southern Estonia is, at 1088 ft (318 m), the highest point in the low-lying Baltic states.

Baltiysk

Gulf of

D E F

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EUROPE A

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The Mediterranean The Mediterranean Sea stretches over 2500 miles (4000 km) east to west, separating Europe from Africa. At its most westerly point it is connected to the Atlantic Ocean through the Strait of Gibraltar. In the east, the Suez canal, opened in 1869, gives passage to the Indian Ocean. In the northeast, linked by the Sea of Marmara, lies the Black Sea. The Mediterranean is bordered by almost 30 states and territories, and more than 100 million people live on its shores and islands. Throughout history, the Mediterranean has been a focal area for many great empires and civilizations, reflected in the variety of cultures found on its shores. Since the 1960s, development along the southern coast of Europe has expanded rapidly to accommodate increasing numbers of tourists and to enable the exploitation of oil and gas reserves. This has resulted in rising levels of pollution, threatening the future of the sea.

m Monaco is just one of the luxurious resorts scattered along the Riviera, which stretches along the coast from Cannes in France to La Spezia in Italy. The region’s mild winters and hot summers have attracted wealthy tourists since the early 19th century. 108

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hott El H odna

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TUNIS

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R

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TUNISIA Sebkhet en Noual

Sousse

Sfax

Denser, more saline currents flow back to Atlantic

Dense currents sink below surface

m Because the Mediterranean is almost enclosed by land, its circulation is quite different to the oceans. There is one major current which flows in from the Atlantic and moves east. Currents flowing back to the Atlantic are denser and flow below the main current.

Catania

Siracusa Ma Chanlta nel Gozo

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VALLETTA

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Industrial pollution flowing from the Dnieper and Danube rivers has destroyed a large proportion of the fish population that used to inhabit the upper layers of the Black Sea.

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The Mediterranean Sea is almost totally landlocked, joined to the Atlantic Ocean through the Strait of Gibraltar, which is only 8 miles (13 km) wide. Lying on an active plate margin, sea floor movements have formed a variety of basins, troughs and ridges. A submarine ridge running from Tunisia to the island of Sicily divides the Mediterranean into two distinct basins. The western basin is characterized by broad, smooth abyssal (or ocean) plains. In contrast, the eastern basin is dominated by a large ridge system, running east to west. The narrow Strait of Gibraltar inhibits water exchange between the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean, producing a high degree of salinity and a low tidal range within the Mediterranean. The lack of tides has encouraged the build-up of pollutants in many semi-enclosed bays.

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An arc of active submarine, island and mainland volcanoes, including Etna and Vesuvius, lie in and around southern Italy. The area is also susceptible to earthquakes and landslides.

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Oxygen in the Black Sea is dissolved only in its upper layers; at depths below 230– 300 ft (70–100 m) the sea is ‘dead’ and can support no lifeforms other than specially-adapted bacteria. Nutrient flows into the eastern Mediterranean, and sediment flows to the Nile Delta have been severely lowered by the building of the Aswan Dam across the Nile in Egypt. This is causing the delta to shrink. H

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The Suez Canal, opened in 1869, extends 100 miles (160 km) from Port Said to the Gulf of Suez.

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In 1974 Turkey occupied the northern part of Cyprus while Greek Cypriots remained in control of the south. Cyprus was effectively partitioned and a UN buffer zone currently divides the two areas. In 1983 the north of the island proclaimed itself the Turkish Republic of North Cyprus. It was only recognized by Turkey.

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The Russian Federation The Cold War era of global relations was concluded in 1991 with the formal dissolution of the Soviet Union. The Russian Federation declared its separate sovereignty from the foundering communist empire following independence declarations from a number of former Soviet republics. As the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Russian Federation has a central role in the development of post-Soviet Eurasia. Crossing 11 time zones, the Russian Federation is almost twice the size of the USA, and with more than 150 ethnic minorities and 21 autonomous republics, regionalist dissent within its own territory remains a danger.

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kh ens ka at mi Ku BLAS an C hi rke ashe Ish ’ O St sk Tar z E kha r SK T Vanavara k t T K v i u a m o M ’ e N lis g drov Tro bi S S O A K E ssk N avr a e o K d B B n y ns el’n vo elyy Y y LAS OBL AYA ta itsk Ka ev l'b ikov op k ar tro T P A r M ru ’ e o i t L M o S t Kez Tyu T’ ukh hma ok aly Yenisey urom its ol Bryanka Ba Bakc gochin kali K nn Vl s 5642 o k Angara t har Chul turino Lesosi sk Br omot nsk Kodinsk Isil vo NOVsevo birsk Strelka ed ad m N islov omy ’ Depression ivn ’ku Kuy y Or Tegul’d Boguchany Mel’ Severs O s y l S n ’ ik y et I b o s nik k Ust’-Ilimsk sk yshe O BIRS Karabula Asin Od av azran dsk k a L Ast v BLA KAY ovo G essk Tata rak ag ST’ A Ta Toms o Bol’shaya Murt Ch ka EO oye rsk an yga k Zhel u a TU i z Y ’ r h y u Ab K RG an u rga Gr arga an Achinsk eznogorsk Po Novaya Igirma Che RK t dgornyy oz rlak Kup ’ 144 IA Topk ino Berd EY Che ny Ilanskiy Chunskiy Osinovka i s K r k l a a rasu ksk y Kansk Leni KEMERO Uyar Zeleno k Bratsk Slav oye M gorsk SKAYA Balakhta Tal’m Kuznet nsk- OBLAVST gor Bratskoye ak skiy Alzamay ’ enka 136 Kulu od ha Vodokhranilishche Shira A rt n em K d Ni ov is De zh a sk ch neudinsk elevsk Tulun rb  The Khatanga river meanders ka Abakan o s t o Zhigalovo Zarin Aley en la sk Novo sk t slowly across the Poluostrov Taymyr, Kuytun c k M in Rub ALTAY u h usinsk Biysk Biya z n e n S t t s KIY K sovs a low-lying tundra landscape which k Ta yy k RAY Gornshtagol A Cheremk an S baza floods in the spring thaw, until the AltaysoSheba S a y Toora-Khem a y a n Ust’-Ordynskiy k y li y n o water can escape to the sea. n Turan Gorn d E a p Anga Orl T rsk a ik R Z yak uekta Kyzyl RESPUBLIK Poluostrov Taymyr Ak-Do A M vurak Ust’-K RESPUB The mountains of The North European Plain ChadanShagonaralyy Yenisey Gora LIKA oksa Munku-Sardyk ALTA Verkhoyanskiy Khrebet were Balgazyn TY is marked by huge moraine Beluk Y 3491m Baykal’sk VA ha 450Gora ains t formed by movement n 6m u ridges left by the o Tashan Erzin Kara Sea ta i M between the Eurasian and a Scandinavian Ice Sheet and Zakam t ensk (Karskoye More) Al North American plates, during The Ural Mountains (Ural’skiye Gory) divide the by longintermoraine the same period of folding drainage channels, known fertile North European Plain from the West that created the Urals. as Urstromtäler.

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126-127

R

v Ru

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B

124-125

A

NORWAY

The administrative area names in European Russia have been omitted west of the Ural Mountains. Please refer to pages 124–125 and 126–127 where these areas are shown at a larger scale.

stro

Ost rov

A 92

Zemlya Frantsa-I osifa O

Z Ge eml or ya ga

THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: ADMINISTRATIVE REGIONS 4

M

 Summer beds of moss and lichen scatter a 90% surface cover of ice across the islands of Franz Josef Land (Zemlya Frantsa-Iosifa), the northernmost land in the eastern hemisphere.

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The landscape

14

M O N G

Siberian Plain (Zapadno-Sibirskaya Ravnina), the world’s largest area of flat ground, crossed by giant rivers flowing north to the Kara Sea (Karskoye More). The land rises to the Central Siberian Plateau (Srednesibirskoye Ploskogor’ye) and becomes more mountainous to the southeast. These immense topographic regions intersect with latitudinal vegetation bands. The tundra of the extreme north gives way to a vast area of coniferous woodland, which is known as taiga, larger than the Amazon rainforest. This belt turns to mixed forest and then steppe grasslands towards the south.

15

16

17

A

122

B

C

162 Yukagirskoye Ploskogor’ye is a rolling plain with isolated drumlins, dome-like features resulting from glacial deposition.

The Ural Mountains (Ural’skiye Gory) extend 1550 miles (2500 km). They were formed over 280 million years ago, folded as the East European and Siberian plates moved closer together.

D

E

The Yenisey is one of the world’s longest rivers, and also among the most languid, dropping only 500 ft (152 m) over 1200 miles (2000 km).

F

G

H

Permanent ice wedges up to 16 ft (5 m) deep

m Patterned ground is a permafrost feature found extensively across northern Russia. Seasonal contraction of the permafrost creates polygonal cracks, which are filled by ice wedges.

 Lake Baikal (Ozero Baykal), occupies a rift valley and is the world’s deepest lake, over 1 mile (1.6 km) in depth. It is fed by over 300 rivers and drained by just one, the Angara. I

J

Polygon shapes create patterned ground Permafrost

K

L

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E U R O P E : T H E R U S S I A N F E D E R AT I O N Q

Pevek

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Omsk Novosibirsk

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Petropavlovsk -Kamchatskiy

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Sea of Japan (East Sea)

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above 5 million 1 million to 5 million

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Map key 16

ra

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59,583 miles (95,900 km)

The recent growth of trade with China and East Asia has put pressure on Siberia’s inadequate road and rail network, prompting increased use of the Amur river for freight transport.

Ue le

53,147 miles (85,542 km)

 Novosibirsk was established at the point where the Trans–Siberian railway crosses the Ob’ river. It grew as an industrial centre under the Soviet Union and is now Siberia’s largest city.

capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

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2

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218,683 miles (351,976 km)

A

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N

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aerospace car manufacture chemicals engineering gas iron & steel mining oil textiles timber processing

Archangel

S S I A N F E D E R AT I O N

X

Major industry and infrastructure

AN

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Black Volgograd Sea

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Raw materials, particularly fossil fuels, ores and precious metals are abundant, yet often found at sites far from habitation. This inherent ‘friction of distance’ problem was met from the 1930s by Soviet commitment to heavy industry and the strategic location of plants east of the Urals. It has left a pattern of isolated and often vast industrial complexes, in remote areas from Vladivostok to Murmansk, in the far north and across European Russia, with lighter manufacturing concentrated in urban areas.

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Transport and industry

196

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ve ki

ya

4000m / 13,124ft rov y skiy ski Ost l’ ny y h ov h ov yak te k iy L o a k a s v y y K v 3000m / 9843ft o y L el’ko nik v Mal hoy ov B an ol’s Ostr v S Ostro vB 2000m / 6562ft o oli Ta y m y r r r t P Os eva t y p 1000m / 3281ft o a v lbo iya L v Sto Pr ol i v Dmit r Ala Ostro egichev B z s oy o 500m / 1640ft e r e ’sh bet M ol r y yN bo Ostrov B akh O yato Ta s Sv sk Bol’sho urd y N y e y u k iy M y o 250m / 820ft u sk o y Any O ko ny Olenëk Ch ov liv ms A Zaliv k iy Za VT Mark oly Omo ans ansk K 100m / 328ft A y K Y e k O ’ t n në s h lo len menno Ust’-Ole uba Niz y aya Nizli ëk skiy G ig irsk Olo Taymylyr in d e ykov i Buor a n sea level Po h k I B z n a r y Pen piga e Te ano Tiks ka Kha Go y y o Y azach’y an ya k tski asov a y l K s a l t y A V e kh i A Popigay B Saskyla yga DepUu lym nO rsk hi ily Y ko ’-Ku olo m to yan ina ac ne an P Ust Sel d M en Om red kh lyu a r S u a n y i O s n P iy s Kyu uzh i k My Dr ka ik tors h h ich lyu aliv k l a a r ty i Sik T O e Z nk eb u Sugoy Ad iga rya iy y onu oy iy a YA Zy eda zh sk et ta Kh O in Gi A rsk sk ob -Aly y P a g a ag K C py in r m ta y r ’ a o a l B n g S a a G g I h a zh a 003 Bat e N chan ra Dzhard vK ay Ind r s 3 Olenëk Ksasora stro liv ko igi nsk D ASeym n Arga-Sala r igi ba os O a A g h ’ O a z Z o Gn T Gi Guaygon na Ad tuk y yc ha era Mu ny T MadyAkcha Debin Oro L A S ’-N ga ys liv iy Ust kiy in Med s a M K n a n ch tsk i Olenëk er v na B u u s Z h e v o a a B u v k n El’g y i k u y h a no v yd ro ye O t kh la a N evy Ku or' sum od on Y ys S mc Sop tro Ost iye eli Pa aki Gor lon Udachnyy Su Yag ineg yak Kh KI Mst’-Kavskaya Os Sh stoy My ka Yab28m S ym sk n Lin S an r O t a e o y 8 l g i A ny 1 U ch d k To de Aykhal nd a Kulu uch AT  A fishing trawler lies at anchor in the icy chu tsk a yu o m a ro v Kly aga Yams Mys tka Om lyy CH chatklkan Kl mcha liv K Ost Vilyuy waters of Karaginskiy Zaliv, at the northern ala ol M la st’y Tep r a M P a y g U a n m k u n Z a O ay Sa A 8 K o h g V m 8 y S a z t y end of the Kamchatka Peninsula (Poluostrov K u Ba nd 46 vo ki sY o mpa Kha n ldan s iy A a y s h a t o k K l a o y n Kamchatka) in eastern Siberia. The Russian M y l a i v ts Ta ha Koby lev At zo ha ilyu ilyuysk c k no iv y c A s u p t o s V y a y a u V Federation’s fishing fleet is the largest in the ts kha sk yr ak Chur My Y l’kovo Kr Zal unski -Kam Nam Ark Y y Mar vilyuy ha e y n A h n K world and operates worldwide. k Verk R Mi ech ip Nyurba sk st’ K oln benge Sh lovs hot U Yukta Il S y k s ski ev n O a h h Chernysh Vilyuyskoye My pav estyak styak l’dik nok e ig E ë n d B y r r he y e ilishc e ny o khran ir B k y Vodo M o a ga Yug s En nn etr sk Am May Suntar My lka P chin e Ust’Almaznyy oy Vu o v u Isit a d Y u e y l t’y a Ulu A h en The main agricultural regions follow the belt a Vi Us Amg akhtak k tk a aya Sanyy Aim hny tana insk ets iy k m r r k e lë e ya u O k V of rich, black chernozem soils between ) Nyu h r’s sk K y u s k i a k ns ’ n hën Le d h l a gac t s k s g b Yerbo o e ’k mot vo Cha Nel Tom hot Ust’-BOktya l’sher vskiy y Kuril’Sshum Chapaye Yaroslavskiy Ukraine and Novosibirsk, producing cereals, k an y o v O n y y uy o a A v o B Peled n Per Ald dinyy vet Preobrazhenka of str chur an rova ra a zer iza be t a t l a e a b s O L Chuya e v fodder, and a broad range of crops for o h O e u O C k e so sk sY V (S ne a G rskiy tla ril’ My nyr am Kropotkin vO ay hanta aliv y v A o-Ku hir im n i o N A industrial use. Small pockets of pastureland o o k KAY y r s UTS o r a S IRK t G s t h y Z halin Bol’sh Os Os Sever amu Ok Vitimskiy r man Sak Zaliv o Chul’ ryanyy Bo ar are also found in this region. Large areas of 192 P OBL AST ’ Bodaybo S v l’v tan t ereb tro ska Kirensk iy Chara YA an kiy o v oS y K h r e b e Os Mo A Gorno-Chuysk mik ins lëkma terrain are uncultivable, and the constraints of u l i O n h a k e K a ra i v r C da ha kh S ot yukzha mu are Nogl y Novaya C U -Sa Ust’-N ur nak a-A Laz gorny da Zvezdnyy lin L I N hiashk vsk a severe climate force the Federation to be a a Na Bom Z e y a Tug evsk-n un’ n o y r h T m S e Gilyu g nd ëk Novyy Uoyan oye ishch oye olay Taksimo Sak K H A Ostrov Ol ksa Am rodsk Nik Zeydskokhranil partly dependent on imported grain. The IY A M U R S K A y sk Ale ure trov K ’ A o S y a o L i n g A h f V a S T K YA O dz ch Bo y So Severobaykal’sk -Am Os ykh ZABAY AY BLA kim a Ogo odino A SOstrovir Karam -na iya wilds of Siberia are given over to hunting and L S T ’ E zh l'sk Sofiysk erezovy KR kovor Never k rn ysk n S i s h e ’ ch B s l vi p m B u S Pavlo O r em vra mo ona ys Ter Tygda RE SP UB LI KA Yerofey Sim ay Amu Bagdarin Sel Fe Por reindeer herding, and contain the world’s mso M myn y gachi iy k ilw o o a s k s Kurumkan d r a ha d y g o oc K a g a R y N M M Ze Mog ov rian i Che lnechn sk p ya rsk n ino u kar BU RY AT IY A be Sivak i k n a o largest timber reserves. s l m r a S a M iy V ru n A Barguzin glego vo novsk sk n l’ba khovo akh strov U Shima odnyy USeryshe rsk ka a E S l’in olinsk v Aksenovo- Tra o I Romanovka la o k b s o g o v o O Sv D Beloekaterinosk Tyrmiy Zilovskoye Sretensk er Lito n v zhn The urban/rural population divide Y a in ysk ari Oz insk Khorinsk tro Yuorsakov niva vod Zavitovobure Chita Nerchinsk idzh Tommsk l’sk Os urup ir Seleng b skiy Za a in k o r s N ch l a r K A uri i h en It ash o s Ner k h yy K k B r c rn y h s Go h A urban 76% rural 24% k s in K M ve Ulan-Ude naya un hikh ess el’s nsk Blago Olovyan r y Rayc Progr vK Nev Priargu Khozemski Y Aginskoye h’ye tro t i c i sk a s a zy r a en lu t a or S m b B O ka O Vya tlay La Perouse bom Krasno Se Sve oye in Halands Kyakhta insk Bik Is m ikin elen 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 n h A ’sk z i B N Zabaykal Khapcheranga SKIY orsk Population density Total land area ney 162 heg IMOR r c e u T L PR RAY orsk K 22 people per sq mile 65,592,800 sq miles ’neg Lakneka Dal a (9 people per sq km) (17,075,400 sq km) h K v a y e i y ’ ’n n Ol’g al e s D r A sk en’ Spas hnyy NO m Kam RW anic k Artoel’shooy ARCTIC AY Km ka Pogr suriys n B i d OCE 0 50 100 300 400 500 600 200 Fok akho Us Sea D ) AN N A N Murmansk n t s ka unay E n S a A e y o D v T r a l S S E 50 a Zaliv in 300 200 400 500 600 0 A 100 k S s B E a L A T. Kr asan V e li k Petra ( Miles ogo T. Kh projection: Lambert Conformal Conic St. Petersburg Archangel BELA. Bering MOSCOW Sea Land use and Nizhniy Novgorod UKR. Magadan  The Kamchatka Peninsula cattle cereals root crops timber capital cities major towns

Volgograd Black pasture Sea cropland GEO forest R Novosibirsk KA desert ZA Caspian KH mountain region . S e a ST AZ AN barren

Siberia

Irkutsk

MONGOLIA N

O

P

Q

R

S

Yakutsk

Sea of Okhotsk

G.

(Poluostrov Kamchatka) is a volcanic area on the margins of the Eurasian Plate, forming part of the Pacific ‘Ring of Fire.’ The volcano Vulkan Klyuchevskaya Sopka, at 15,585 ft (4750 m), is the highest mountain in Siberia.

16

R U S S I A N F E D E R AT I O N

agricultural distribution

T

U

V

17

Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk

CH

IN A Vladivostok

Sea of Japan (East Sea)

Z

123

T H E R U S S I A N F E D E R AT I O N D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

Northern European Russia

1

Reaching into the Arctic Circle, this region of lakeland, forest and tundra is historically bound to Europe by St Petersburg, the old imperial capital of Tsarist Russia and home to a third of the region’s population. Communist rule from Moscow left the north politically marginalized, contributing to the present problems of outmoded industry, poor infrastructure and serious environmental neglect. However, with borders embracing Finland, Norway, the Baltic and the northern sea route to the Atlantic, the region’s success in foreign trade is now of prime importance to the Russian economy.

2

NO

Severomorsk

MURMAN

The landscape

Olenegors k

Moncheg orsk Ozero Bol’shay a Kovdor Imandra

The ancient bedrock of the Scandinavian Shield lies exposed across the glacially scoured Khibiny Mountains of the Kola Peninsula (Kol’skiy Poluostrov), becoming mantled with till towards the North European Plain. The Valdai Hills (Valdayskaya Vozvyshennost’) form an important watershed for the plain’s rivers, while thick forest veils a complicated topography of moraines, lakes and ground disturbed by frost action. The Ural Mountains (Ural’skiye Gory) form a border with Asia in the east.

5

a

Olonets

Voznesen’ye

v i r’

Podporozh’y e LENINGRA Lodeynoye Pole S DSKAYA O BLAST’

i nl an

d

Ozero Lacha

17

30

40

50

60

70

80

Population density

Total land area

26 people per sq mile (10 people per sq km)

829,398 sq miles (2,148,700 sq km)

A

124

20

Ne

a

Nar v

IA

B

90

C

Kostro

e

sh

vy

ya

Volga

Vo z

Lov at’

yska

Vo

Va l d a

a)

aD

ay

rural 20%

 Many rapids are found along the 175 mile (280 km) course of the Suna river.

100

D

E

BE

LA

RU

n D v in a

10

Yaroslavl’

T

0

a

urban 80%

g Vol

The urban/rural population divide 16

v in

F E D E R AT I O N

S

W

RU S SI A N

M

BELA.

Konosha

a

LITH.

Voloshka

Podyuga

Vytegra Vol ga

ESTON

N Kirov

Yaroslavl’

pasture cropland forest mountain region wetland tundra barren ice

T ve r t s

Pskov

major towns

aya

EST. LAT.

Kotlas

St Petersburg Velikiy Cherepovets Novgorod Vologda

Nyandoma

Kargopol’

Sankt-Pete rburg

Ve lik

FI

RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Petrozavodsk

VIA L AT

R U S S I A N F E D E R AT I O

ND

Pechora

Archangel

cattle fishing reindeer timber fodder

Shozhma

Pudozh Shal’skiy

M

NLA

Wh

a

Shalakusha

Ozero Vodlozero

ltiyskiy Kanal

14

Se ite

Mirnyy Puksoozero

Ba

Apatity

Land use and agricultural distribution

t sa

a-

Amderma

A

m Ye

R U S S

Pay

Ladozhsk o ye Ozero

Obozerskiy

a

Ladva-Vetka

Onezhskoye Ozero

Kodino

h Mos

Petrozavodsk

Pryazha

Priozersk

Onega

Plesetsk

Pyal’ma

Kondopoga

Chalna

Lyaskelya Pitkyaranta Lakhdenp okh’ya Salmi

Novodvinsk

an

SE

(Archangel)

Severodvinsk

O neg

Unitsa

a

TS

Arkhangel’sk

a lt iy s k i y K

EN BAR

Pyalitsa

Ozero Yemtsa Kozhozero Savinskiy

ud

Murmansk

Sosnovka

-B

118

rov

Ostrov Zelenogo Ignatovo rsk Gogland Sestrore Se rt ts olovo Kronshta k Ozero Alëkhovshch dt Vozhe Vozhega ina Novaya Lado ga Petrodvo Sosnovyy Sy va re as ’st ts roy Volkhov al Bor VO L O G O D S K AYA Pulkovo Ozero Lipin Bor Pushkin Ivangoro Beloye Belo zërs Syamzh k d a (S K o ai lpino nt Petersbu Gatchina Vo rg) Kirillov Kin lg VyritsaTosno Kharovsk Tikhvin Narva gisepp Kirishi Yefimovskiy S Res Siverskiy Pikalevo Slantsy er voir L ug Ozero Boksitogors a k Chudovo Kubenskoye Sokol Voskresenskoye Babayevo Gdov Nebolchi Kaduy Luga Lake Pe Sheksna Malaya Vi Sazonovo Podberez ipus Vologda shera Cherepovets ’ye N P O lyussa VGOROD Strugia Ustyuzhna Myaksa S Krasnyy V K e g li A k Y A o iy e Kabozha ma ol Novgorod Chastova OBLA M Gryazovets Ves’yegonsk L ak e S T ’ Pes Pr Ok tov ol o ulovka etariy Shimsk Pskov Borovichi Ozero Kresttsy Sol’tsy Poshekhon’ye t ’ st Sandovo Il’men’ s Staraya Ru Buy Rybinskoye o Pskov YAROSLAVSKAYA a ssa n Dno Pechory Vodokhranilishche n Lyubim Lychkovo OB Molokovo LAS Porkhov T’ Krasnyy Kholm Valday Bologoye Udom Rybinsk Danilov Zaluch’ye PSKOVSDedovichi lya Volga Maksatikha Ostrov KAYA Demyansk Tutayev Sudislavl’ T VER Kostroma OBLAST Chikhachevo Vyshniy VoloSKAYA Bezhetsk Myshkin a Py talovo chek ’ Ozero Ts n Kholm Seliger OBLAST’ Novorzh Volga Uglich ev Ozërnyy Nerekhta Kashin ed Opochk Bezhanit ved Rameshki Gavrilov-Yam a sy Ostashkov it s a Kaly Privolzhsk azin Loknya Likhoslavl’ Peno Kuvshinovo Rostov Goritsy Torzhok IVANOVSKAYA Andreapol ’ Se Komsomol’sk liz Rodniki ha ro Kim Toropets Pustosh vo Tver’ ry ka a Novosok Ivanovo g l Sebezh ol’niki Pereslavl’-Zalesskiy Redkino Teykovo Shuya Konakovo Ner Velikiye Zapadnay l’ eza Luki Nevel’ a Dvina Rzhe Staritsa v n ap ad Nelidovo (Z Zubtsov YA V ha

Gu l f o f F

13

Sosnovo

na

Dvi nska ya Gub a

k

Primorsk

The cold climate confines agriculture mainly to southern and western provinces, where dairy farming predominates and arable land is given over to fodder crops as well as flax, potatoes, oats and rye. Areas beyond the northern margins of cultivation are used for forestry, hunting, herding and fishing, with some vegetables grown in hothouses around urban areas.

ga

Vyborg

re l’

Chavan’ga

Masel’gskaya Medvezh’yego rsk Povenets

Ozero Syamozero

Sortavala

Svetogor sk

St

Maloshuyka

A K A R E L IY A

Suna

Suoyar vi

Using the land and sea 12

Padany

Vyartsilya

Saimaa Canal

Kanevka Korabel’noye

Pon

u o s oty

Ust’ye Varzugi

Segezha Malen’ga Ozero Vygozero

Segozersk Vodokhranilish oye che Yustozero

Ural Mountains (Ural’skiye Gory)

11

Varzu

Lender y

R E SP U B L IK

 Lake Onega (Onezhskoye Ozero) is the remnant of a body of water which, 12,000 years ago, connected the White Sea (Beloye More) with the Gulf of Finland and the Baltic Sea.

Ozero Sergozero

hs

m Terminal moraines are crescentshaped ridges of glacial deposits, widely found in central Russia. Detritus is carried by the glacier and deposited at its terminus (snout) as it melts, marking the limit of the ice advance.

Two of Europe’s biggest rivers, the Volga and Western Dvina, rise in the swampy uplands of the Valdai Hills (Valdayskaya Vozvyshennost’).

Po l

ez

Terminal moraine

10

kiy

On

8

9

l ’s

ore Beloye M a Se )

i

Meltwater channels

a Ostrovnoy

Lumbovka

sh

an hr

The low-lying plains of the Pechora, Mezen’ and Severnaya Dvina rivers were flooded by the sea while the land was still isostatically depressed following the last Ice Age, a process which has hidden the landforms created by glacial deposition. Retreating glacier

ak

ang

Krasnoshchel’ye

Olenitsa

al

Mys Svyatoy Nos

ok

Karst features, including sinkholes, lakes and caverns, are found in limestone outcrops across the plain of the Severnaya Dvina and Mezen’ rivers.

Ko

od eV

7

ok

Ozero Umbozero

oy

Kola Peninsula (Kol’skiy Poluostrov)

m The Khibiny mountains were formed by volcanic intrusions into the Scandinavian Shield, over 570 million years ago.

nd

R

Ozero Yenozero

Lovozero Revda Ozero Lovozero

sk iy Za Kesten’ga liv Ambarnyy Ozero Topozero li s hc he Kalevala te Kepa Solovetskiye ( W h i Yushkozers Ostrova ko ye Vodokhrani lishche Rabocheostrov sk Yushkozero ’ Kem’ Kem Kostomuk sha Ozero Nyuk Belomorsk Sosnovets Belomorskoay Baltiyskiy Kana a l Tiksha G Idel’ Sumskiy Posad u b Muyezersk Reboly a Ozero iy Vir and ozero Leksozero Nadvoitsy Sofporog

A

Kharlovka

Umba

Ka

Ozero TikshozeroChupa Loukhi

sk

6

92

m Ku

 The Kola Peninsula (Kol’skiy Poluostrov) is part of the Scandinavian Shield, an area of ancient bedrock underlying Scandinavia. Rocks in excess of 2500 million years old are exposed across the peninsula.

Apatity

Alakurtti Knyazhe Zelenoborsk Vodokhra gubskoye iy nilishche Zarechensk

Arctic C ircle

B

S K AYA O B LAST’

ib iny K h Kirovsk

Polyarnyye Zo ri Kandalaksha

Kuoloyar vi

F I N L A N D

4

Liinakhamar i Poluostro v Pechenga Rybachiy Zaozërsk Zapolyarnyy Ostrov Kil’din Gadzhiyevo Polyarnyy Snezhnogorsk Roslyakovo Teriberka

Murmashi Murmansk Verkhnetulom skiy ma Kola o l Tu Verkhnetulom sko Vodokhranili ye Taybola shche

a

M

 St Peter and Paul Fortress is the oldest building in St Petersburg, founded by Peter the Great in 1703 as a modern, European capital for Russia.

R WA Y

Nikel’

L ot t

L

I

C

n’ya

B

Vo ro

A

A SK OV T’ K AS OS M OBL

ez

ZharkovsM kiy

Belyy

S M O L E N S K A YA O B L A S T ’

118

F

e

ste r

G

J

K

LADIM I R S K A YA OBLAST ’

L

M

T H E R U S S I A N F E D E R AT I O N : N O R T H E R N E U R O P E A N R U S S I A Q

R

S

X

 The Ural Mountains (Ural’skiye Gory) form the traditional boundary between Europe and Asia. Elevations rarely exceed 6000 ft (1830 m). The region is extremely barren in the far northern latitudes.

Urzhum

NIZHEGORODSKAYA OBLAST’

Gor’kovskoye Vodokhranilishche

Yuzha

Ki l’m e z

RESPUBLIKA MARIY

O

P

Q

Us a

NYY O K RU G

U sk ra i AL ye l ONE G o NE TS r y KIY

AV T O

Po ly ar ny a l’ y

YA M

r U

Osa

oye Votkin skrani li sh ch e Vo dokh

Suksun

shka Chernu

6

TS

SE

7

8

Amderma

A

N

a

R U S S I A N F E D E R AT I O

ND

e eS

Pechora

Archangel

Kotlas Cherepovets Vologda

Kirov

9

10

F E D E R AT I O N

11

Major industry and infrastructure textiles timber processing major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

chemicals coal defence engineering food processing hydro-electric power mining oil & gas

12

The transport network 53,700 miles (85,920 km)

13 None

10,300 miles (16,572 km)

L O V S K A Y A

Ob

va

y

Zvëzdny

Kungur

kiy Chaykovs

Kil’mez’

EN BAR

RU S SI A N

O B L A S T ’

K

AYA UDMURTSK A IK RESPUBL

Transport and industry

12,500 miles (20,000 km)

14

Railways linking remote industrial centres with the region’s ports are the principal means of supply, although the impressive system of canals, linking natural waterways, is used for freight haulage during the summer.

15

Kuyeda

EL RE

’

BELA.

D

Nolinsk Medvedok

sea level

Yaroslavl’

E

Vya tka

Kyn

Iren’

Yaransk

Sovetsk

Ochër Okhansk

Bogorodskoye

Yug

Lys’

Perm’

5

100m / 328ft

Velikiy Pskov Novgorod

R

a

Yu

Tuzha

amsk Krasnok

Nytva

250m / 820ft

RUSSIAN FEDERATION

r y G o

LAST ’ KIROVSKAYA OB

P i z hm a

Kineshma Yur’yevets Vichuga

agino Vereshch

500m / 1640ft

LITH.

l’skiy a Ugleura Gubakh Chermoz ye Kamskoranilishche vodsk Vodokh yachinsk Gornoza iy Grem sk ’in Il y o ka Chusov Dobryan va Polazna

va Syl

Makar’yev

Pozh r Kudymka In’va Yus’va

o Afanas’yev

C he pt s Novovyatsk Zuyevka

Suna

Ostrovskoye

Yurla

Omutninsk

hepetsk Kirovo-C a

Yayva

a l U r

Kotel’nich Leninskoye

Kirov

Usol’ye

i Bereznik drovsk Aleksan Kizel va

i y

Vetluzhskiy Shar’ya

Slobodskoy

sk Solikam

a

n

Manturovo Neya

Yur’ya

Orlov

KOSTROMSKAYA OBLAST’

Peskovka atka Vy nitsa Belaya Kholu

ma

Kologriv

a

Kirs

Nagorsk

os

d

lo Mo

Un

zh

Chukhloma

Kochevo

y Rudnichny

e n y y Murashi S e v e r Vetluga

Loyno

Lesnoy

e

Imeni Babushkina Nikol’sk

l y

ma Ka

a U v

Oparino

Pavino

Yayva

LAT.

r

Kichmengskiy Gorodok

Soligalich

gul’skiy Gora Vo ’ 1066m Kamen

S

g Podosinovets Pinyug

1000m / 3281ft

V

Kazhym

Luz

Nyuksenitsa

SKIY PERM K R AY Kosa

Kama

Vag a

Tarnogskiy Gorodok

Gayny a Kam

4

S

a

Luza

ishersk Krasnov

’ Cherdyn

ola

Vaga

Sys

na

l

Ust’ya

a

Nyrob

EST.

e Ur a l ’s k i y

r m rim 1331 Gora Ishe

Krasavino Velikiy Ustyug

OBLAST’

o Petretsov

Vizinga

le c Circ Arcti

St Petersburg

Kur’’ya

Myyëldino

10,000 to 50,000

Petrozavodsk

U

Kizema

Koryazhma Vychegodskiy

Ust’-Kulom

y Krasnozatonski

Syktyvkar

gd

Vychegda

Ezhva

50,000 to 100,000

Elevation

t Whi

y

Kotlas

he

Storozhevsk

3

100,000 to 500,000

NOM

ra

d n

vaya

va

Rog o

yshë

l’sh aya

ern

Bo

UG

y

Pomozdino

ora

Dv

c Vy

Krasnoborsk

y Vel’sk Oktyabr’ski

ra

500,000 to 1 million

below 10,000

NLA

Me zen’

Vy m’

h

1 million to 5 million

Apatity

OKR

Vashka

Yu l a

NYY

I ly c

n

Nizhnyaya rsk ho ec -P ko Troits

140

Population

Murmansk

FI

Kuloy

ga

in e

Le mva

la

Su

Iz h

na

N

S o ya

KHA

r

-Omra

Voyvozh

Pech

Zheshart

ya r na in a

Cherevkovo

Bestuzhevo Rovdino

N

himiz Gora Koz1195m

e

K O M I

Chasovo

Yarensk

Seve

Shenkursk

Puchezh

v

Sosnogor

Mikun’

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The ports of St Petersburg, Murmansk and Archangel serve a regional economy led by large-scale resource extraction. Nickel, iron ore and apatite are mined in the Kola Peninsula (Kol’skiy Poluostrov), and fossil fuels in the Pechora Basin. Paper production is central to Archangel’s vast timber industry, while St Petersburg, drawing on ample labour, has become a major manufacturing centre.

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Map key

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 Ice forces the port at St Petersburg to close in winter, yet Murmansk, on the Barents Sea, remains open, its waters prevented from freezing by warmer ocean currents extending from the North Atlantic Drift.

TATA R STA N

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17

Y

Z

125

T H E R U S S I A N F E D E R AT I O N B

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 St Basil’s Cathedral, completed in 1561, stands in Moscow’s Red Square next to the Kremlin; the original fortified stronghold of the city. YAROSLAVSKAYA OBLAST’

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The southern Ural Mountains (Ural’skiye Gory) consist of several parallel ranges of ancient fold mountains running from north to south.

st

AZANSKAYA Donskoy Bo goroditsk Pav Zhizdra Belëv Plavsk elets OBLAST’ Sko pin Bolkhov Sarai Belyye Ryazhsk TUL’SKAYA Tovarkovskiy Berega Mtsensk OBLAST

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Bryansk

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The lowland of the Oka and Don rivers lies over a broad trough, between the upfolds of the Volga Uplands (Privolzhskaya Vozvyshennost’) to the east, and the Central Russian Upland (Srednerusskaya Vozvyshennost’) to the west.

11

v

Surazh BRYAN SKAYA ORLOVSKA KlintsUynecha Mglin Poc YA Karachev hep Naryshkin Orël Navlya o Novozy O B LAST’ bkov OBLAST’ Dmitr Starodu Trubche b vsk Orlovovsk- Kromy skiy Zmiyevka M Zheleznog orsk aloarkhangel’sk Dmitriyev Sevsk L’govskiy Fatezh KU

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ShchëkinoUzlovaya Novomoskovsk Kimovsk RY

Kozel’sk

m A plantation of Scots pine helps consolidate the loose sandy soils of the Meshchera Lowland (Meshcherskaya Nizina), which lies on the bed of an old glacial lake.

Glacial till covers the bedrock to the north of the North European Plain, giving a gentle surface relief.

Vladimir

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Ancient folds in the deep sedimentary strata of the North European Plain have created a sequence of high and low regions. The Central Russian Upland (Srednerusskaya Vozvyshennost’) in the west is deeply incised by rivers draining into the lowland of the Oka and Don rivers. In the east the Volga, Europe’s longest river, flows south to the Caspian Sea, dividing the Volga Uplands (Privolzhskaya Vozvyshennost’) from the foothills of the Ural Mountains (Ural’skiye Gory). The Caucasus mountains and the Black Sea form a natural border to the southwest. The Smolensk-Moscow Upland (SmolenskoMoskovskaya Vozvyshennost’) is a series of terminal moraine ridges marking the southern extent of the last glaciation.

Posad

Pushkino

Oka

Roslavl’

The landscape

10

yevo

Zelenograd

s k o - M o s k o v s k a y aMOSKVA

Spas-Dem ensk Pochinok

This region, divided from Asia by desert, seas and mountains, has exerted a powerful influence both east and west since the 13th century. Over 70 years of Communist rule produced a highly urbanized, industrial society dominated by Moscow, which was the capital of the Soviet Union until 1991. Almost two-thirds of the Russian Federation’s population live in this core area, with a relatively high per capita share of its wealth. However, the rapid growth of a market economy has caused great social upheaval, with rising crime and political instability.

9

Sychëvka

Mytishchi Raduzhnyy Sudogda Demido S (MOSCOW) Khimki Noginsk Sobinka VL v MOLE K ra G sn ag ADIM oz ar NSKAYA Dukhov in namensk Or ek ho shchina vo M -Zuyevo ozhaysk Elektrostal’ OBLAST Lyubertsy Ra Gu Naro-Fomin s’me ’ Rudnya Yartsevo ns koye Khrus sk Vnukovo Vyaz’ma M Borovsk Po Safonovo Yegor’yevsktal’nyy dol’sk Domodedovoos Smolens Kurlovskiy Vo skr M esensk alo K ya ol roslavets Obnin odnya Dorogob k a uzh sk MOSKOVSKAYA Medyn’ kay Tum a ch e rs Ugra h s Krasnyy e M Yu OB Se kh LA rpukhov Spas-Klepiki nov ST’ Yel’nya Kolomna

118

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ik

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B E L A R U S

Southern European Russia

6

skiy Tup

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 Kaliningrad has been a Russian enclave since 1945. The port is an important centre for the Russian Federation’s Baltic fishing fleet.

118

1

E

V or

A

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Novocherkassk Don

Bol’shaya Marty novka Man rog n a g Ba a T f tay o f l sk ych Gu Port-Katon Zernograd Veselovskoye Yeysk Mechetinskaya Vodokhranilishche Staroshcher Yeya binovskaya Proletarsk Kushchevskaya Tselina Starominskay a Leningradska Gigant ya Sal’sk KRASNODARS PrimorskoAkhtarsk KIY Gorodovikovsk Kanevskaya Pavlo vskaya Bryukhovets kaya KRAY Achuyevo Novopokrovskaya Tikhoretsk Krasno Timashevsk gvardeyskoye SlavyanskTemryuk Korenovsk Kropotkin na-Kubani Izobil’nyy Ust’-Labinsk r o p o l ’s k a y a v Ku a t S K ban Anapa rymsk Armavir Stavropol’ Il’skiy’ Belorechensk Kurganinsk Abinsk ba RESPUBLIKA Novorossi n’ ADYGEYA ysk M

Azov

Sea of Azov 13

The flood plain of the Volga forms a long oasis of verdant vegetation, contrasting with the aridity of the surrounding Caspian hinterland.

Ku

14

Krasnodar

Central Russian Upland (Srednerusskaya Vozvyshennost’).

B L A C K

16

 The Caucasus mountains run from the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea. They include El’ brus which, at 18,511 ft (5642 m), is the highest point in Europe. It is still uplifting at a rate of 0.4 inches (10 mm) per year.

17

A

126

B

C

D

Salt dome Sedimentary strata

Salt dome is forced up and through the rock strata

Krasnaya Polyana

E

Sochi

Adler

Salts are forced upwards by denser overlying strata

C

KARACHAYEVOKarachayevsk CHERKESSKAYA El’brusskiy RESPUBLIKA Teberda

a

G

m Salt domes, rounded hills up to 500 ft (150 m) high, are produced as less dense rock salts are displaced under the extreme pressure of denser, overlying strata and forced up towards the surface creating domes. They are widespread in the Caspian Depression.

Drifting sand occupies large areas of the south, forming dunes up to 50 ft (15 m) high.

E

S

A

The Caspian Depression is a large downfold (or syncline) which became flooded, forming the Caspian Sea. The shoreline is 98 ft (30 m) below sea level.

a

15

Labinsk

Apsheronsk Tul’skiy Nevinnomyssk Khadyzhensk ylovskiy Neftegorsk Shedok Ch Tuapse Kamennomost erkessk skiy

Novomikha

Lab

The marshlands of the Volga Delta are visited by over 260 species of bird each year, migrating between South Africa and Arctic Siberia.

aykop

Gelendzhik

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

T H E R U S S I A N F E D E R AT I O N : S O U T H E R N E U R O P E A N R U S S I A N

O

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Novyy Tor”yal Sernur Sovetskiy

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60

40

80

100 120 140

R

A

20

80

60

40

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100

140

1 million to 5 million 500,000 to 1 million 100,000 to 500,000

A S K AY DLOV SVER ’ ST OBLA

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above 5 million

10

projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

Ka ma

Tabashino

Krasnyye Baki

Map key

Miles

K

Y

Km

0

A SKAY a UDMUChRT Yakshur-Bod’y ur A RESPUBLIK Votkinsk

X

Scale 1:5,500,000 0 10 20

Sel

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K I R O V S K AYA O B L A S T ’

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below 10,000 Pugac Agryz Pychas Elevation l Kovrov Balakhna Bor Nizhniy Mozhga Sarapu barka Yanaul RESPUBLIKA MARIY EL Askino Kl Dzerz koye Kam Yurino Koz’modem’yansk Suslonger hinsk msk ya ner ka Novgorod heust’ikins Kiz te l’s ef N Bo var z’ m Steklo Krasnyy Sosnovka oye kiy Vyazniki a Gorokhovets Karakulino Kstovo Volga Cheboksary 4000m / 13,124ft Karaidel’ Karaidel’s Nizhnekamsk Kukmor Mariinskiy Posad Arsk Vorotynets an ndeleyevsk el’ Vodokhranilishche Bogorodsk uv Me D O ka boksarsk id Novoche Volzhsk Ag k odol’s Zelen uga Lyskovo 3000m / 9843ft lab Ye Pavlovo IRSKAYA Menzelinsk Mamadysh Yadrin Tsivil’sk Kozlovka igi Mishkino ye Chelni y Bol’shoye ny khniye K OBLAST' zh er re V be YA A CHUVASHSKA LIK Na PUB 2000m / 6562ft Murashkino Dyurtyul Kazan’ RES Pavlovka Murom msk Birsk RESPUBLIKA Sergach TATARSTAN a Nizhneka fa Kanash 1000m / 3281ft Melenki Navashino k ns Vurnary ol’ Shumerlya he K stop hc Laishevo Chi Bakaly Arzamas Gagino B Blagoves Kulebaki Zainsk Ibresi ye ovo elay Urman Kamskoye Alekseyevsko Vyksa Ardat Kushnarenk a Shatki 500m / 1640ft Poretskoye Buinsk ov Ust’ye Iglino Kuybyshevskoye Batyrevo Iremel’ Lukoyanov Bol’shoy Tetyushi Aznakayevo Kirya ranilishche Kasimov m Alkino-2 okh 82 Vod 250m / 820ft 15 Pervomaysk Bolgar yevsk Nizhnyaya Maktama Shemursha Uchaly Ardatov my Aksubayevo Al’met’ Buinsk Yamantau Sarov Tuymazy Chish su us m Ur 38 Alatyr’ 16 Kemlya 100m / 328ft Staraya Temnikov iy Kadom Leninogorsk A Tirlyansk Atyashevo Mayna abr’skiy RESPUBLIK Inzer Nurlat Bugul’ma Bavly Okty tsk Krasnoslobodsk sea level re vo o a Romodanovo Komsomol’skiy Surskoye Isheyevka no el B ka sk Davle Sasovo Novocheremshan Cherdakly STAN Serafimovskiy Yazykovo Rayevskiy BASHKORTO RESPUBLIKA Chamzinka an Dimitrovgrad Klyavlinoernoye Mullovka uk T ey iy ’sk Beleb Sev Saransk Karsun Mayna Novoul’yanovsk Krasnousol Novaya Malykla MORDOVIYA Ruzayevka Zubova Polyana Verkhniny Priyutovo Veshkayma Kovylkino UL’YANOVSKAeyYA Sernovodsk Shatsk Avzya Ignatovka Sengil Bednodem’yanovsk Sura Inza ST’ OBLA o ol lan lin a hod rus Suk Yelkhovk Abdu Bugu ak y ba Shiringushi am m lit Insar Ishi Ster Barysh Nikol’sk Asekeyevo Lunino vo Pokhvistnevo Salavat enskoye Sterlibashe Zemetchino a Novodevich’ye vk ro Mokshan evo Voskres dnyy do ash Otra Fe Tim Nizhniy ka ev ti ar ’yat Morshansk angulovo Tubinskiy Tol Lomov Ponom Zhigulevsk Starosubkh Kinel’ Zarechnyy Gorodishche Bashmakovo Syzran’ z eu el M ra ta sskoye Sama Sibay Chaadayevka Novospa Kumer u SKAYA Poim Kamenka Sharlyk Koltubanovskiy Penza Oktyabr’sk Novokuybyshevsk Mrakovo S T’ Bondari a Kuznetsk vk rsk ro Baymak Sursk tego nd PENZENSKAYA Nef Buzuluk Aleksa Chapayevsk Belinskiy Neverkino o vo Kondol’ Sa m ’ Kvarkenyrlinskiy Tyul’gan LAST uldybaye Y Radishchevo Kirsanov RSKAYA OB o a ye Ayd MA ov SA Urtazym ra Bulan kseyevka oitsko Ale Tr Rasskazovo e OBLAST’ sk Zilair Sorochin Pavlovka Khvalynsk Androsovka oye Iriklinskoy e Tamala Lopatino Oktyabr’sk ovo ilishch arskiy YA ye Bekovo GSKserAgiy Vodokhran Bol’shaya Glushitsa Isyangul Krasnoy Inzhavino Serdobsk BURNo vskoye Dukhovnitsko ka EN Sarato ev y R O ba e hil’da ri vo Bu Petrovsk ol’skoy ik N k S r a Ak”ya Vodokhranilishche Energeti Rtishchevo vka Bol’shaya Chernigovk Ivanteyevka ’ iy ST yy sk A Anikho rn h lot V BL Shikhany y as vo he O C Pere Vol’sk Balakovo Sarakt Yekaterinovka Gay Terensa Novyye Uvarovo Turki Otrog urino Pugachëv ch an iy Z k o Burasy Sobolevo ga Orenburg Muchkapskiy Arkadak iz k Kuvandy Khalilov Kumak Perelyub Tashla Atkarsk Irg Novoors l iy Romanovka Podlesnoye Bol’shoy Pervomayskayevka Mednogorsk Ura Gornyy Klintsovka Tatishchevo olm ly kh no Be eye as Marks Kr Rann Orsk l’sk Kh Svetlyy Svetlyy Novoura Akkermanovkask SARATOVSKAYA ovskiy Balashov it Gribanovskiy Dombar Novotro Iletsk l’OBLAST’ So Kalininsk ak Engel's Privolzhskiy Akbul Borisoglebsk Yershov Ozinki Krasnyy Tekstil’shchik Dergachi Povorino Privolzhskoye Pushkino Zhirn Novorepnoye Novonikolayevskiy Yelan’ ovsk Krasnoarmeysk Krasnyy Kut Rudnya Uryupinsk k Vyazovka Matyshevo u l Kamenskiy ye u Komsomol’sko z Dobrinka Bu Kikvidze Kurilovka Rovnoye Voskresenskoye Gorodets Semenov

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80

Population density

Total land area

119 people per sq mile (46 people per sq km)

705,916 sq miles (1,828,800 sq km)

90

100

136

250,000 miles (402,000 km)

None

28,000 miles (44,800 km)

16,300 miles (26,080 km)

R BA I J

A

S

T

U

11

GE ORG IA

Groznyy

S

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12

13

14

SS RU

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FEDE

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15 MOSCOW

Nizhniy Novgorod

Tula

Ryazan'

Bryansk Kursk

U

K

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Kazan'

Ul'yanovsk Penza Tol'yatti

Voronezh

Ufa

Samara

Saratov

RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Orsk

Belgorod

Volgograd

K

A AZ

KH

16

N S TA

Rostov-na-Donu

capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

V

TA N

 Industrial plants are massed along the Volga. Environmental stress from decades of unbridled industrial development has prompted widespread concern about pollution levels.

aerospace car manufacture chemicals defence electronics engineering gas mining oil textiles

Seventy private and national flag airlines have been created from the reorganization of the state airline Aeroflot, which maintained the world’s largest fleet of aircraft during the Soviet era.

HS

Astrakhan'

BLACK SEA

pasture cropland forest wetland mountain region tundra

N

u

70

E

136

s

60

The transport network

c

I A

50

AK

Caspian Sea

IN

E O R Ga

40

Z KA

Rostov-na-Donu

Sea of Azov

A

Kizlyar Mozdok T e re k Baksan KABARDINO- Mayskiy Malgobek Te CHECHENSKAYA rek R Babayurt Nal’chik Nartkala IN ESP RESPUBLIKA BALKARSKAYA El’khotovo G Groznyy Gudermes Sulak Sulak Tyrnyauz Nazran’ Khasavyurt Argun RESPUBLIKA Beslan El’brus Urus-Martan RESPUBLIKA Kizilyurt 5642m Dykhtau Alagir Makhachkala Shali Vedeno 5204m SEVERNAYA Vladika vkaz Kaspiysk OSETIYA-ALANIYA Buynaksk Botlikh Izberbash Tebulosmta RESPUBLIKA 4492m Levashi Gunib DAGESTAN Madzhalis Dagestanskiye Ogni Tlyarata Kumukh Derbent Belidzhi

u

30

Manufacturing is largely based around Moscow and the Volga region, which became a major industrial area during the Second World War. Both Moscow and Nizhniy Novgorod are centres of skilled labour for light manufacturing and engineering. Most of Russia’s main chemical plants are located along the Volga, and one of the world’s largest car factories was recently opened in Tol’yatti. Processing and machine construction plants use oil, gas and hydro-electric power from the Volga Basin and metallic minerals from the Urals Major industry and infrastructure (Ural’skiye Gory) and Kursk.

a

Liman

20

Orsk

RUSSIAN FEDERATION

R

Transport and industry

Kamyzyak Trudfront

Se

STAVROPOL’SKIY KRAY

p

C a s p i a n

Zemli

Iki Burul

Kalaus

Ipatovo

Chernyye

Yashkul’

Priyutnoye

Divnoye

Utta

e

Elista

Caspi an

Y

e

Remontnoye Proletarskoye Vodokhranilishche

D

r

RESPUBLIKA KALMYKIYA

n io s s r eKrasnyy YarVolodarskiy

10

K

E

lga

0

U

capital cities major towns

sheep flax potatoes rice sunflowers sugar beet timber

Ufa Samara

IN

rural 29%

9

TION

Nizhniy Novgorod

A

Vo

urban 71%

FEDERA

IAN

Voronezh

Land use and agricultural distribution

The urban/rural population divide

144

MOSCOW

B E L A RU

Do

n

r

i

ly

a

v

In the cold, humid north and in the southern Urals (Ural’skiye Gory), small grains, potatoes and flax are commonly rotated with legumes which support livestock farming. The rich chernozem (or black earth) areas support diverse crops such as sugar beet, hemp, sunflowers, millet and vegetables. Further south, aridity restricts husbandry to extensive grazing, with intensive fruit and rice cultivation along the oasis of the Volga.

AS

Valuyevka

S RU S

S

K ho për

A Z Using the land

Kalach-naVolgograd Volzhskiy Leninsk Surovikino Donu Znamensk Gor’kovskiy Krasnoslobodsk Ak Oblivskaya htu Kapustin Yar ba Nizhniy Tsimlyanskoye T R Akhtubinsk Baskunchak Vodokhranilishche Verkhniy Baskunchak AK Oktyabr’skiy Aksay HA Malyye Derbety NS Sadovoye Tsimlyansk KA Kotel’nikovo YA Obil’noye Aman Tsagan OB Volgodonsk Kharabali LAS Sal T’ Ketchener y Zavetnoye OzeroYenotayevka Zimovniki Yusta Sarpa Khosheutovo Sarpa

i

H

K

A

Aleksandrov Gay

l

z

Novoanninskiy i ts a ed Gmelinka PanfilovoDanilovka edv Ust’-Buzulukskaya M Berezovskaya Kamyshin Mikhaylovka Pallasovka OBLAST’ Petrov Val Nikolayevsk Kumylzhenskaya Ol’khovka Bykovo Frolovo Volgogradskoye Serafimovich Vodokhranilishche v Gornyy Log o Il Balykley Ilovlya Novonikol’skoye Dubovka Perelazovskiy El’ton Sovetskaya Loshchina

T

S

B E L A RU

VOLGOGRADSKAYA

8

N

W

Sea of Azov Stavropol'

BLACK SEA

X

Astrakhan'

Caspian Sea

17

Groznyy GE ORG IA

AZERB.

Z

127

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

1

2

3

Asia

Lo

6

La Ta ke ng an y ik

Most southerly point: Pulau Pamana, Indonesia 11° S

13

Hodeida, Yemen

Persian Gulf

Zagros Mountains

Plateau of Tibet

Gobi

Manchurian Plain

Kagoshima, Japan

La k Ny e a sa

ic S ea ea

e

nn

1500 Miles

gasc

ique

Mada

Moz amb 16

Ma dag Pla ascar in

Île T rom elin

Réu nio n

Ma da Pla gasca M a d a tea r ga u Ba scar sin

17

A

128

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

t e a u P l a

ar

1000

D

Sey che lles

Fa Grorquha up r Aga Isla lega nds

el

1500 Km

Cha

1000 500

N

Am Islairante nds

Ald Gr abra oup Co Isla moro nd s

n

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500

0

I

i al m in o S as B

a

ai

Ch

a

0

line of cross-section

nS

S Ca ue z na l

a

M

Cross-section from Hodeida, Yemen to Kagoshima, Japan

Soc otra

Ho Afr rn of ica

S

14

15

t

R e d

ll

dg

La Vi ke c to ri

a

Ri

G

Tanjong Piai, Malaysia 1° 16’ N

n

ul

e li

Equator

ia

h eb

12

a t V

Juba

Highest recorded temperature: Tirat Tsvi, Israel 129°F (54°C)

re

at

f Ri

ns

Gulf of Aden

Fafen Shet'

Highest point: Mount Everest, China/Nepal 29,029 ft (8848 m)

Et Hi hiopi ghl an an d ey s

ab

ni

e

e Nil

er anc of C

Hodeida

Ar

ali ub‘ al Kh Ar R Quarter) y t p (Em

Am Tre iran nc te h

11

Kagoshima c Tropi

A Na n fud

Pe

AFRICAN PLATE ARABIAN PLATE

Lowest point: Dead Sea, Israel/Jordan -1401 ft (-427 m) below sea level

A F R I C A

Baba Bur-nu, Turkey 26° 4’ E

10

Nile

rn D E a ste

S e a

Lowest recorded temperature: Verkhoyansk, Russian Federation -90°F (-68°C)

Circl e

Sy D e r i an ser t

L Na ake ss e r

Whit

Arc tic

s phrates Eu

9

Mys Chelyuskin, Russian Federation 77° 44’ N

ke L a had C

Most westerly point: Bozca Adası, Turkey 26° 2’ E

Largest lake: Caspian Sea 143,205 sq miles (371,000 sq km)

Mys Dezhneva, Russian Federation 169° 40’ W Most easterly point: Mys Dezhneva, Russian Federation 169° 40’ W

De S e ad a

Wadi al Jizl

8

Cy pr u

a

Most northerly point: Mys Articesku, Russian Federation 81° 12’ N

a a r S a h

Greatest extent, East–West: 6000 miles / 9650 km

7

g Ae

Se

Greatest extent, North–South: 4000 miles / 6440 km

A PL TO L I AN AT L E Tuake z Anatolia

ea

Russian Federation. Almost 60% of the world’s population lives in Asia.

AN ba Ba r-nu Bu

P PL LATE AT E

an s lk ain Ba unt o M

It comprises 49 separate countries, including 97% of Turkey and 72% of the

Ad riat

n ea an IAN EUR AS AN M e d i t e r r A F R IC

Asia, the world’s largest continent, covers 16,838,365 sq miles (43,608,000 sq km).

5

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AN PLATE EURASI LIAN PLATE RA INDO-AUST

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Brahmap utra Mount 8848m Everest

g G an a

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he Hyargas Dz Nuur av

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E 56 lbru 42 s m

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al

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R

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3 Ar c ti

an er i Sib s New Island

a Anab

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of Sea Az ov

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kiy ans Gyd ostrov Polu

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da

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Gulf of F

B alt i c S e a

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U

in

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le irc cC

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ni a of B o t h

f Gul

No rth

navia

m

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ea th S Nor

C OC EAN

NO RTH North Pole A EU RA MERIC SIA N P AN PL LAT ATE E Severna ya Zemlya Mys Chelyuskin L ap te v Po lu os trov S ea Taym yr

Fra n Lanz Josef d

Chi nd w

gian Sea Norwe

n

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mo

rT

Timor gh rou

Arafura Sea

res Strait Tor 17

LIA AU STR A X

Y

Z

129

ASIA D

E

F

G

H

I

Physical Asia

The coastal plains that fringe Southeast Asia contain many large delta systems, caused by high levels of rainfall and erosion of the Himalayas, the Plateau of Tibet and relict loess deposits. To the south is an extensive island archipelago, lying on the drowned Sunda Shelf. Most of these islands are volcanic in origin, caused by the subduction of the Indo-Australian Plate beneath the Eurasian Plate.

The structure of Asia can be divided into two distinct regions. The landscape of northern Asia consists of old mountain chains, shields, plateaux and basins, like the Ural Mountains in the west and the Central Siberian Plateau to the east. To the south of this region, are a series of plateaux and basins, including the vast Plateau of Tibet and the Tarim Basin. In contrast, the landscapes of southern Asia are much younger, formed by tectonic activity beginning about 65 million years ago, leading to an almost continuous mountain chain running from Europe, across much of Asia, and culminating in the mighty Himalayan mountain belt, formed when the Indo-Australian Plate collided with the Eurasian Plate. They are still being uplifted today. North of the mountains lies a belt of deserts, including the Gobi and the Takla Makan. In the far south, tectonic activity has formed narrow island arcs, extending over 4000 miles (7000 km). To the west lies the Arabian Shield, once part of the African Plate. As it was rifted apart from Africa, the Arabian Plate collided with the Eurasian Plate, uplifting the Zagros Mountains. Indo-Gangetic Depression

EAST SIBERIAN MOUN

S D N

LA & U P

SI

Strait

Lia

rea

S Pe hand ni on ns g ul a

INS

Ko

uI slan ds

PLA

AN

Y

F

ip

E

line of cross-section

I

C

Philippine Sea

pi

t

Sulu Mindanao Sea Celebes Sea Halmahera

rai

S u n d a

tr

s

Java Sea Ja v a

t

I

O

C

E A N

New Guinea

Moluccas

St

B

ky

lf of Ob

Gu

c ec

e

physiographic regions

es

D

uncertain

n

East

Taiwan

T

A

In

IR

E

conservative

yu

Mo

a

ta un

E

al

l

Ura

pian Sea

AT

E

PL

AT

constructive

I

N

PL

IA

INE

AL

PP

Cas

IL I

(for explanation see page xiv)

C

TR

PH

Plate margins

A

US

TE

TE

100m / 328ft

P

-A

PLA

PLA

DO

FIC

SIAN

IN

1000m / 3281ft

PACI

EURA

PL

A

lands

il

Borneo

E

2000m / 6562ft

destructive

R Taiwan

Palawan

a

E A N O C

ril Is

South China Sea

ter ea Gr

a E

Ku

N AT

a

3000m / 9843ft

250m / 820ft

Kyushu

AT

Hainan

a

4000m / 13,124ft

500m / 1640ft

Shikoku

L EP E T PIN I L I P N PLA PH A ASI Ph EUR

TE

A

IA

PL

AL

Folded sedimentary rock strata

m

AN

TR

SI

US

u

n

S

6000m / 19,686ft

sea level

Luzon

su

f M la ala cc

I C

k li

Ur

at ikhote-Alin’ et S

ay al M in n

to

RA

-A

Zagros Mountains

ian g

Elevation

East China Sea

Natuna Islands

Pe

r

ai

U

E A N

Yellow Sea

Gulf of Thailand

E

O

C

D

Xi J

er

Hokkaido

Honshu Sea of Japan (East Sea)

Great Plain of China e angtz Poyang Hu

Map key

F

ch eb

ur

ST

IS AL L A L Meko N O W ng D L A AN R C D S S

Andaman Sea Nicobar Islands

IN

Riv

ha

R ed

ST

St

N

A

I

m

Bay of Bengal Andaman Islands

ats

130

B

Ka

G

a

Gh

A

A

hr

Sichuan Pendi

EA

ak

rn

The confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates on the Mesopotamian Depression

I s l a n d s

Celebes

n

i

d

Flores Sea Flores Sumbawa L e s s e r

Seram

e

Banda Sea

Timor Timor S u n d a I s l a n d s Sea

A

s

Arafura Sea

TR AU S

AL

Coral Sea

IA

Iranian Plateau

Approximately five million years ago, rifting of the continental crust split the Arabian Plate from the African Plate and flooded the Red Sea. As this rift spread, the Arabian Plate collided with the Eurasian Plate, transforming part of the Tethys seabed into the Zagros Mountains which run northwest-southeast across western Iran.

17

S

K

er

t

Sri Lanka

O

projection: Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area

16

an

& addy

rn

h

Y ellow Riv

n

Irra w

a

15

The Arabian Shield and Iranian Plateau

A ld

CO

200 Miles

C

E

n

Mount Everest tra 8848m pu

ste

Miles

a

r Desert

Arabian Sea

1500

1000

S al we e

a l a y a s

INDIA N SHIELD a Brahm & H I M A L A Y A N Ga n ge s SYST EM

1500

500

of Tibet

m

I

250

0

1000

500

lun Kun tains un o M Plateau

i

G

an

g

ha

We

250

AT

s

D

0

Len

du

I N

Km

PL

an

I

E

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on

Om

N

AT

ins

ek

of

PL

nta

au te o Pla ong M

M

ATE

álí al Kh ) Ar Rub‘ uarter Q y t (Emp

ta

Gu

BI AN PL

lf

Al

f

AN

ou

Takla Makan Desert

H

s

Scale 1:56,750,000

14

Y enisey

a

rya

ul

Arabian Peninsula

r nt os ain

M

CENTRAL ASIAN P L AT E A U X & B A S I N S

Shan

en Ti

A

Gulf of ARABIAN PLATE Aden AFRICAN PLA TE Socotra

13

Kara Kum

yr Dary

s

G

Am

i

Lake

IR

Per

N

e

b

L

r

Lake Baikal

T U R A N BASI N & Balkhash K A ZA K H U P L A N DS S

LD

Zaou M n ia

RA & I

& P

AU

i

S

pe

N sh Ku A U C IA N P indu E H L A K2 I r a n i a n T E AT 8611m Khyber Pass PL 1080m g Plateau

SH

N IA

West Siberian Plain

Aral Sea

u Da

TE PLA s T i gr i te s hr a

Eu p

AR

N IA AB C

IE

SIBERIAN

Kirghiz Step

Am

N IA

12

ARA E R e d S e a A F R I CA N P L A T

A A F R I C

11

Syrian Desert

E P L AT

Sea of Okhotsk

h

s

AR AB

O

a

IN i LA

a

ys

su

A e a N PL n S ATE ea

ca

a

Central Siberian Plateau

I rt

au

a

TE T E

C RI n AF r r a ite

ed

oli

C

Se

M

10

Sea of Azov

Ozero Taymyr

b’

B

O

R

E U

P

ns

i

ea ra S

100

A

N

E

Ka

la ck A N E UR A T AS IA OL N I A PL An N P A LA at

East Siberian Sea

UR TH AS A M IA N ER I Ze PL CA ml AT ya L a p te v S ea

ar

Severnaya

ass

100 Miles

50

Gulf of Anadyr

Mak

0

Sea

Wrangel Island

it

C T I A R CE NOR

100 Km

100 200 Km

0

Several, small, isolated shield areas, such as the Shandong Peninsula, are found in east Asia. Between these stable shield areas, large river systems like the Yangtze and the Yellow River have deposited thick layers of sediment, forming extensive alluvial plains. The largest of these is the Great Plain of China, the relief of which does not rise above 300 ft (100 m).

Bering Sea

TA I NS

50

E

C

O

N AChukchi

Stra

Cross-section through the Himalayas showing thrust faulting of the rock strata. 0

0

East Asian Plains and Uplands

B

A

7

Cross-section through Southeast Asia showing the subduction zone between the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates and the island arc.

B

Eurasian Plate

A

li of a

6

Volcanoes occur at the subduction zone

Java

P

The large shield area beneath the Indian subcontinent is between 2.5 and 3.5 billion years old. As the floor of the southern Indian Ocean spread, it pushed the Indian Shield north. This was eventually driven beneath the Plateau of Tibet. This process closed up the ancient Tethys Sea and uplifted the world’s highest mountain chain, the Himalayas. Much of the uplifted rock strata was from the seabed of the Tethys Sea, partly accounting for the weakness of the rocks and the high levels of erosion found in the Himalayas.

5

Island arc caused by subduction

Sumatra

A

Plateau of Tibet

Thrust zone

Himalayas

Indo-Australian Plate

o He

The Indian Shield and Himalayan System

Crushed sediment from seabed of the Tethys Sea

B

4

s

3

K

Coastal Lowlands and Island Arcs

en

1

J

PH I LI PP CAROL INE P L IN E P L ATE AT E

C

b i

B

o

A

C

C

C Cross-section through southwestern Asia, showing the Mesopotamian Depression, the folded Zagros Mountains and the Iranian Plateau. D

E

F

0 0

G

50

100 Km 50

H

100 Miles

I

J

K

L

M

ASIA: PHYSICAL ASIA N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

Climate

Circl e Salekhard

Okhotsk

Yakutsk

20° S Tropic of Capricorn

m Tropical cyclones occur principally during late summer and early autumn. The intense winds and heavy rainfall can devastate entire villages.

Tbilisi

Irkutsk

Fort-Shevchenko

Beijing

Ürümqi

Jerusalem

ph

Wuhan

Ty

Karachi

Chengdu

Lahore

Taipei

Hong Kong Kathmandu Kunming (Xianggang)

New Delhi

ho

Hanoi

Dhaka

Calcutta

p Ty

Muscat

Nagasaki Shanghai

Lanzhou Kabul

Bandar-e ‘Abbas

Tokyo

Seoul

Mumbai (Bombay)

oo

Temperature

Cy c

Yangon Bangkok Phnom Penh Chennai o n e Ho Chi Minh City (Madras) Port Blair Bandar Phuket Seri Begawan

l

r ato Equ

daily hours of sunshine, July cyclone typhoon cold/dry monsoon warm/wet monsoon cold wind

5

6

Rainfall

Manokwari

Arctic Circle 60° N

Ambon

7

Padang Jakarta

Rainfall

40° N

Kupang

Tropic of Cancer 20° N

0 –25 mm (0–1 in) 25–50 mm (1–2 in) 50–100 mm (2–4 in) 100–200 mm (4–8 in) 200–300 mm (8–12 in) 300–400 mm (12–16 in) 400–500 mm (16–20 in) more than 500 mm (20 in)

Equator 20° S Tropic of Capricorn

 Through India, the southwest monsoon, which brings heavy rainfall from May to September, accounts for 80% of annual precipitation.

Shaping the landscape

40° S

Average January rainfall

River systems

Chemical weathering 2 Tower karsts are widespread across south China (left) and Vietnam. It is thought the karstic towers were formed under a soil cover, where small depressions in the limestone bedrock began to be weathered by soil water acids, eventually creating larger hollows. This process continued over millions of years, deepening the hollows and leaving steep-sided limestone hills.

Limestone hills

8

Average July rainfall

9

Monsoon rains

Snow melt

1 Vast river systems flow across Asia, many originating in the Himalayas and Yellow River the Plateau of Tibet. Seasonal melting of dissects loess plateau snow and monsoon rains swell the river flow leading to flooding and erosion. The Yellow River (right) gets its colour from the high level of eroded material River systems: erosion of from the loess plateau. the loess plateau by the yellow river

In the north, melting of extensive permafrost leads to typical periglacial features such as thermokarst. In the arid areas wind action transports sand creating extensive dune systems. An active tectonic margin in the south causes continued uplift, and volcanic and seismic activity, but also high rates of weathering and erosion. Across the continent, huge rivers erode and transport vast quantities of sediment depositing it on the plains or forming large deltas.

4

daily hours of sunshine, January

 The Gobi Desert experiences major extremes in climate, with winter temperatures sometimes falling below -40°C (-40°F) and summer temperatures exceeding 45°C (113°F).

on

Singapore

0 to 10°C (32 to 50°F) 10 to 20°C (50°F) 20 to 30°C (68 to 86°F) above 30°C (86°F)

n

Vientiane

Colombo

3

Average July temperature

below -30°C (-22°F) -30 to -20°C (-22 to -4°F) -20 to -10°C (-4 to 14°F) -10 to 0°C (14 to 32°F)

tundra subarctic cool continental warm humid mediterranean semi-arid arid humid equatorial tropical

Vladivostok

Taiyuan

A∞gabat

Average January temperature

Climate

Osaka

Tashkent Tehran

Harbin

40° S

PetropavlovskKamchatskiy

Sapporo

Bu ra n

n

ra Bu Karaganda

2

Equator

Novosibirsk

Omsk

1

40° N

Khabarovsk Yekaterinburg

Kuwait Can cer

Z

Tropic of Cancer 20° N

Stony Tunguska

Tro pic of

Y

Arctic Circle 60° N

Arct ic Circle

Arc tic

Baghdad

X

Temperature

The climate of Asia exhibits marked differences from region to region, with freezing polar conditions in the north, hot and cold deserts in central regions and subtropical conditions throughout the south. Much of this variation can be attributed to enormous mountain barriers and internal depressions found across the continent. Monsoon winds, which reverse semi-annually, cause alternate wet and dry seasons across southern Asia. These air masses moving north from the ocean are stripped of their moisture over the Himalayas causing arid Anadyr' conditions across the Plateau of Tibet. Both the south and east Mys Chelyuskin are susceptible to tropical cyclones or typhoons.

Ankara

W

Carries large sediment load

10

11

Sedimentation

Hollow being Old soil eroded by soil cover water acidity

4 The Ganges/Brahmaputra is a tidedominated delta (below). The two rivers transport huge quantities of mountain sediment, which is deposited on the delta plain. This debris is then redistributed by tidal currents, to form extensions to the bars, beach ridges and deltaic deposits.

Eroded hollow

Distributary channels

12

Ganges/Brahmaputra River 13

Delta plain

Chemical weathering: formation of tower karst

Redistributed sediment

Volcanic activity

Sea level at high tide

3 Volcanic eruptions Fluid and Eruption within rocks rising volcanic cone occur frequently across under Southeast Asia’s island arcs Heated pressure (below). Low-level groundwater eruptions occur when groundwater, superheated Heat rising by underlying magma, from the becomes pressurized, magma chamber forcing hot fluid and rocks up through cracks in the volcanic cone. This is known Volcanic activity: as a phreatic eruption. a phreatic eruption

14

Sedimentation: the destruction of a delta 1

15

2 4 16

Landscape limestone region sinking land stable land uplifting land

area of tectonic activity

active volcano

ocean current

limit of permafrost

17

3 N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

Y

Z

131

G

H

I

C

Political Asia

Nar mada

BHUTAN

Kunming

G

a

Liuzhou Xi Jiang

Nanning

M YA N M A R

HANOI

Hai Phong Louangphabang L Vinh NAY PYI TAW AO Da S V Chiang VIENTIANE M I Nang Prome B ay Pegu ek Mai of Yangon (Rangoon) Pakxe Bassein THAILAND B e ngal Bogale

M N A

132

Guiyang

T

Chennai (Madras)

PHNOM PENH

Andaman Islands (to India)

Gulf of Thailand

Andaman Sea

Jaffna

Kota Bharu

Nicobar Islands

SRI JAYEWARDENAPURA KOTTE

(to India)

Ho Chi Minh City

A A L

MKUALA

Taiping Medan

LUMPUR

PUTRAJAYA

S Equator

u

m

SINGAPORE

SINGAPORE

a

Padang

tr

a

Jambi

Palembang  Kolkata’s 13 million inhabitants bustle through a maze of crowded, narrow streets. Population densities in India’s largest city reach almost 85,000 per sq mile (33,000 per sq km).

17

F

s

CAMBODIA BANGKOK Batdambang Da Lat

Some of the world’s most populous and least populous regions are in Asia. The plains of eastern China, the Ganges river plains in India, Japan and the Indonesian island of Java, all have very high population densities; by contrast parts of Siberia and the Plateau of Tibet are virtually uninhabited. China has the world’s greatest population – 20% of the globe’s total – while India, with the second largest, is likely to overtake China within 30 years.

B

a

THIMPHU Guwahati Rangpur

SRI LANKA

Population

A

y

Coimbatore

COLOMBO

Chongqing

Brahmaputra

Hubli

Kochi Thiruvananthapuram

Chengdu Leshan

g on

14

Hyderabad Vijayawada

Bangalore Mysore

ng

(Much of Arunáchal Pradesh is claimed by China)

E

below 9 10–49 50–99 100–249 250–3999 above 4000

n

ze Yang t

Salween

Solapur

shna Kr i

O CEAN

(people per sq km)

Salwee

Zhengzhou Luoyang

Mianyang

addy

(Bombay) Socotra

I NDI AN Population density

Me ko

Ganges BANGLADESH

Bhubaneshwar

Godavar i

Pune

Xi’an

C H I N A

(Calcutta)

Nagpur

(to Yemen)

13

ns

Brahmanbaria Rajshahi DHAKA ( B U R M A ) Jamshedpur Khulna Mandalay Kolkata Chittagong Pakokku Taunggyi

Bhopal Indore

Taiyuan Handan

Lanzhou

Plateau of Tibet

I N D I A Varanasi

Surat Mumbai

Argun

Ishi m

To b

ol

r a l s Indu

Arabian S ea

Tar im He

(administered by China, claimed by India)

i m

r e n I n Datong Baotou Baoding Shijiazhuang

Gobi

ns

an

Shikarpur t Delhi Bareilly N E a l r a PA se e NEW DELHI L Agra rD a KATHMANDU Jaipur Th Lucknow Kanpur Hyderabad Patna

Ahmadabad Vadodara

Aden

Gu l f o f Ad e n

a

a

i

E

M o u n t a

P Ta‘izz

YEMEN

AN

ai

Ir raw

12

U

Ura l

ian Sea

Casp

A

OM

SANA

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Ürümqi

Ku n lun Mo unt ai

Srinagar ISLAMABAD Jammu Gujranwala Lahore Faisalabad Multan H Ludhiana

Karachi

a

(Empt

an

MUSCAT

nt

River Yellow

Ar Rustaq

f Om

(line of control)

ULAN BATOR

MONGOLIA ou

(claimed by India)

KABUL Peshawar

Larkana lf o

TA N

M

Takla Makan Desert

PAKISTAN

l

C

ali al Kh ) A r R u by‘ Q u a r t e r

ANIS

Quetta

DOHA ABU DHABI UAE

DUSHANBE TAJIKISTAN

Qal‘eh-ye Now

ai

Lake Balkhash

T

Kandahar

Zahedan

Gu

Kyzylorda

Choybalsan

Erdenet lt

Taraz BISHKEK Almaty Karakol KYRGYZSTAN Sh TASHKENT Osh ien

H AFG

Bandar-e ‘Abbas

f

Semipalatinsk

Balkhash

Balkh

Herat

Kerman

Gu

QATAR

Mashhad

BAHRAIN

Irkutsk Sühbaatar

Karaganda

B

AflGABAT

Gorgan

n

MANAMA

Arabian Pe nin sula

Dasoguz

Da ry

Kolym

UZ

Aral Sea

TURKMENISTAN

Shiraz

sia

I

ea Red S

R

RIYADH Jedda At Ta’if

Syr

Iranian Plateau

KUWAIT Pe r

F

11

KUWAIT

S AU D I ARABIA

irka

Aktau

IRAN

Ahvaz

m

A

Basra

Tro pic of C anc er

10

Esfahan

Krasnoyarsk

A

I R AQ

Lake Baikal

Tomsk

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is

ur Am

Novokuznetsk

a

9

T

es rat Euph

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ig r

Stony Tunguska

ara Ang

N TA I S Dar ya E KAmu

8

F E D E R A T I O N

Novosibirsk

K A Z A K H S TA N

Bat’umi K’ut’aisi tol TBILISI ia Adana ARMENIA Gäncä Gaziantep CYPRUS YEREVAN AZERB. NICOSIA Aleppo AZERB. BAKU LEBANON Tripoli BEIRUT SYRIA Tabriz Haifa DAMASCUS Mosul Tel Aviv-Yafo JERUSALEM Kirkuk Gaza AMMAN ISRAEL TEHRAN JORDAN BAGHDAD

L

ASTANA

GEORGIA

na

Lower Tunguska

Plateau

Omsk

Rudnyy

Sokhumi

T UA R K E Y

y lyu Yakutsk

i Vit

ANKARA 7

a

Sea

b

d an Al

Chuly

y sh

Chelyabinsk

Le n

Ural’sk

Istanbul B l a c k

i

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m

R

U

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Yekaterinburg

Sibe r i an

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6

West Sibe r i an Irt Plain

a

r

Ce nt ral

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O

k

S

R U S SOb’ I A N

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y re Ku

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5

a

le n

n

et

i

Noril’sk

Circ le

s

ig

O

Kh Arc tic

na Ya

Kara S ea

ar

4

Ind

Laptev Sea

ab An

3

East Siberian Sea

O

C A R C T I

Asia is the world’s largest continent, encompassing many different and discrete realms, from the desert Arab lands of the southwest to the subtropical archipelago of Indonesia; from the vast barren wastes of Siberia to the fertile river valleys of China and South Asia, seats of some of the world’s most ancient civilizations. The collapse of the Soviet Union has fragmented the north of the continent into the Siberian portion of the Russian Federation, and the new republics of Central Asia. Strong religious traditions heavily influence the politics of South and Southwest Asia. Hindu and Muslim rivalries threaten to upset the political equilibrium in South Asia where India – in terms of population – remains the world’s largest democracy. Communist China, another population giant, is reasserting its position as a world political and economic power, while on its doorstep, the dynamic Pacific Rim countries, led by Japan, continue to assert their worldwide economic force.

Ob ’

1

J

li

F

go

E

on

D

M

C

en

B

Vi

A

E A N

ASIA

H

I

J

K

JAKARTA

L

M

POLITICAL ASIA

u nsh

Ho

ds

u I slan

ky yu

R

Tabuk

Yanbu‘ al Bahr

Cebu

an

Ta i w

Mindanao

Davao General Santos

Zamboanga

Balikpapan

D

N

E

Makassar Flores Sea

Java S ea Semarang

F lores

Surabaya

S DILI

I

M

SINHALA

D

IA N

O C E A N

N I A E S N O I N D

AY

OC EAN

JAVA N E S E

Qom Basra

8

9

10

11

Zhengzhou

Kuwait Buraydah

12

Jakarta Surabaya Denpasar

EAST TIMOR

16

Scale 1:29,250,000

Tim or Sea

Malang

Km 0

Miles

400

200 200

600 400

800 600

projection: Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area

O

AL

A

0

N

VISAYAN

KHMER

MIL

IN

5

15

Timor

Java

Bandung

AI

Ambon

Celebes

O

Banjarmasin

TAGALOG VI

Molucca s

Pontianak

N

H

Papua (Ir ian Jaya)

Borneo

I

Dravidian Papuan Austro-Asiatic Paleo-Asiatic Caucasian Uninhabited

GU

L AO

New Guinea

Manado

BRUNEI

TA

LU

NGALI

Shanghai Lanzhou Nanjing Herat Kabul Baoji Xi'an Islamabad Wuhan Kerman Peshawar Transport Chengdu Lahore Quetta Manama Jilong Riyadh Jedda Chongqing Bandar-e ‘Abbas Hengyang Lhasa Doha major roads and motorways Delhi Dubai Guiyang Gaoxiong Kathmandu major railways Abu Dhabi Kunming Guangzhou Huangpu Karachi international borders Varanasi Muscat Abha Hong Kong Dhaka Indore transport intersections Hodeida Sana Chittagong Hanoi Kandla international airports Kolkata Haikou Mandalay Mumbai Nagpur (Calcutta) Manila major ports Ta'izz Legazpi City Salalah Vientiane Da Nang (Bombay) Aden Visakhapatnam Chiang Mai Cebu Yangon Hyderabad Pakxe Bangkok Vijayawada Bangalore Davao Chennai (Madras) Ho Chi Minh City Mangalore Phnom Penh r Sandakan ato Jaffna Kochi Labuan Equ Phuket Hat Yai Bandar Seri Begawan George Town Colombo Kuala Lumpur Belawan Kuching Pelabuhan Jayapura Singapore Klang

Philippine Sea

PHILIPPINES

Y S I A

BE

TE

Amur t

ai St r

r nce Ca

Legazpi City

BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN

DI

NA M E S E

Luzon

Bacolod

P

7

Baghdad

MANILA

TA N

ET

of pic Tro

Baguio

South China Sea

BE

4

The transport system varies enormously in extent and quality across Asia. Early trade routes included the Silk Route, from Beijing across Central Asia, and the sea routes around the coastline of southern Asia. Today, transport networks often radiate from coastal ports, reflecting the continuing importance of sea and river travel for trade and external communications. In the interior, high mountain barriers such as the Himalayas, the Altai Mountains and the Tien Shan, deserts like the Gobi, Takla Makan and Ar Rub‘ al Khali, remain virtually impenetrable to most modern terrestrial Magadan transport. Major engineering feats are necessary to conquer these hostile frontier territories, although the success of the Trans-Siberian Railway in overcoming the harsh Siberian Tynda Kholmsk Yekaterinburg landscape, proves that Khabarovsk Chelyabinsk Omsk Takikawa cross-continental Chita Novosibirsk Ural'sk Qiqihar Irkutsk transport, if not Nakhodka Izmir Harbin Sokhumi Ankara Karaganda economically Ch'ongjin Olgiy Tokyo Shenyang Tbilisi Ulan Bator Iskenderun viable, is Pyongyang Nagoya Yokohama Limassol Baku Yerevan Qinhuangdao Turkmenbasy Shymkent Almaty Beirut Ürümqi Seoul physically Haifa Beijing Dalian Busan Osaka Tashkent Damascus Bishkek Tel Aviv-Yafo Amman Shijiazhuang A§gabat Kobe possible. Tehran Dushanbe

TAIWAN Gaoxiong

Tuguegarao Hainan Dao

TI

BALUCHI

SE

TOKYO Yokohama Nagoya

Taizhong

Tainan Guangzhou Hong Kong

I E

Shantou

TAIPEI

H

N

Hengyang

C

T

Nanchang Changsha Fuzhou

UIGHUR

BU R M E SE

Jinhua

M O N G O L

IZ

IN

3

H

Kyoto

East China Sea

I E

EK

He

Ningbo

2

S

Transport

Huainan Nanjing Shanghai

I

JAPAN

Sea

Hefei Hangzhou Wuhan

Indo-European Ural-Altaic Sino-Tibetan Hamito-Semitic Austronesian Japanese and Korean

CH

S

PASHTU

Language groups

m Each year, Mongolians celebrate their ancient culture at the Naadam festival of the Three Games of Men. Children aged between 7 and 12 take part in the finale; a 20 mile (32 km) cross-country horse race in full traditional dress.

PYONGYANG SOUTH Osaka Kobe KOREA BEIJING Dalian SEOUL Incheon Daegu Hiroshima Tangshan Kitakyushu Tianjin SEJONG CITY Busan Fukuoka Kumamoto Qingdao Ye l l o w Kagoshima Jinan Xuzhou

N

RU S

Sendai

Chongjin

Hamhung Wonsan

Anshan

RS

I

E A N

ao

Sea of NORTH Japan Shenyang KOREA (East Sea)

GH IR

B

Isl

O a nCd s

Vladivostok

Jilin

RU S

MARATHI

Qiqihar Harbin

Li

A

C

Sapporo

Changchun

R U S S I A N

PE

ril

A AR

Ku

lin Hokkaido

KH

T

U

ES

ka ha

Khabarovsk

K

Y A

N

at ak

YuzhnoSakhalinsk

KO

N

e

ch

ceasefire line

1 CHUKC

TY

am

full international border disputed de facto border disputed territorial claim border undefined border

N

N

Borders

EA OC ARCTIC

During the 19th century, Russian was introduced into Central Asia and Siberia. Under the Soviet regime, Russian-speaking became mandatory – replacing the indigenous Ural-Altaic languages in many urban areas – although today the use of Central Asian languages is being revived in the new republics. India’s linguistic mosaic comprises Dravidian languages, such as Tamil, in the south, and the IndoAryan languages of the north such as Hindi. In China, three main languages, Mandarin Chinese, Wu Chinese and TU RK Cantonese, share the same IS H written form but their UZ B TU RK spoken dialects are M EN mutually unintelligible.

Z

A

Country capital

I C

K

Koly ma

10,000 to 50,000

Y

I F I C

50,000 to 100,000

I F

Rang

100,000 to 500,000

X

IA

Arcti c Circle

C

500,000 to 1 million

S

W

AK RY

A

1 million to 5 million

Sea of Okhotsk

V

I

above 5 million

PetropavlovskKamchatskiy

U

H

P

Population

Magadan

T

Languages

Map key

Anadyr’

S

C

Bering Sea

R

A

Q

N

P

IA

O

K

N

P

Q

R

S

T

800

m Both India and China rely upon extensive railway systems to transport their freight and passengers. China’s network is constantly expanding, in particular the link between Golmud and Lhasa, which was completed in 2006 to become the highest railway in the world.

U

V

W

m The Karakoram Highway linking Mansehra in northern Pakistan with Kashi in western China was finally completed in 1978, 20 years after construction began. Regular mudslides and rockfalls necessitate continual maintenance for the road to remain open.

X

Y

17

Z

133

ASIA A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

Asian resources

1

4

J

K

L

M

Standard of living Despite Japan’s high standards of living, and Southwest Asia’s oil-derived wealth, immense disparities exist across the continent. Afghanistan remains one of the world’s most underdeveloped nations, as do the mountain states of Nepal and Bhutan. Further rapid population growth is exacerbating poverty and overcrowding in many parts of India and Bangladesh.

Although agriculture remains the economic mainstay of most Asian countries, the number of people employed in agriculture has steadily declined, as new industries have been developed during the past 30 years. China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Turkey have all experienced far-reaching structural change in their economies, while the breakup of the Soviet Union has created a new economic challenge in the Central Asian republics. The countries of the Persian Gulf illustrate the rapid transformation from rural nomadism to modern, urban society which oil wealth has brought to parts of the continent. Asia’s most economically dynamic countries, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan, fringe the Pacific Ocean and are known as the Pacific Rim. In contrast, other Southeast Asian countries like Laos and Cambodia remain both economically and industrially underdeveloped.

3

I

Standard of living

(UN human development index)

low

high

Industry East Asian industry leads the continent in both productivity and efficiency; electronics, hi-tech industries, car manufacture and shipbuilding are important. The so-called economic ‘tigers’ of the Pacific Rim are Japan, South Korea and Taiwan and in recent years China has rediscovered its potential as an economic superpower. Heavy industries such as engineering, chemicals, and steel typify the industrial complexes along the corridor created by the Trans-Siberian Railway, the Fergana Valley in Central Asia, and also much of the huge industrial plain of east China. The discovery of oil in the Persian Gulf has brought immense wealth to countries that previously relied on subsistence agriculture on marginal desert land.

5

6

C

O

P

I C A R C T

N

A

E

A

7

C

8

9

printing & publishing shipbuilding sugar processing tea processing textiles timber processing tobacco processing coal oil gas

RU S S I A N F E D E R AT I O N

industrial cities major industrial areas

s-Siberian Ra an ilw Tr a

Yekaterinburg Bratsk Krasnoyarsk

n s-S iberian Railway

Omsk

Novokuznetsk

ƒzmir

Beirut

Amman

ISRAEL

TURKMENISTAN

Baghdad

ea Red S

13

Kuwait

KUWAIT

Ad Damman Riyadh

Persian QATAR Gulf Abu Dhabi

14

Busan

Zhengzhou

CHINA

Shanghai

Nanjing

Xi'an

Wuhan Chengdu

Lahore

Chongqing Taipei

PA K I S TA N Gulf of Oman

PA L

INDIA

Ahmadabad

TA I WA N BHUTAN

Dhaka

 Iron and steel, engineering and shipbuilding typify the heavy industry found in eastern China’s industrial cities, especially the nation’s leading manufacturing centre, Shanghai.

Hong Kong

Hanoi

Chittagong Mandalay

Kolkata (Calcutta)

Nagpur

MYANMAR (BURMA) Yangon (Rangoon)

L AO S

Manila

VIETNAM

South China Sea

Da Nang

T H AI L AN D

Bangkok Bangalore

15

Guangzhou

Kunming

BANGLADESH

Jamshedpur

Indore Mumbai (Bombay)

Arabian Sea

G u l f o f Ad e n

Kanpur

Karachi

AN

YEMEN

NE

Delhi

Dubai

UAE

OM

Kobe

Qingdao KOREA

Jinan

Taiyuan

TAJIKISTAN

A FGHA NISTAN Rawalpindi

BAHRAIN

Seoul SOUTH

Lanzhou

I R AN

Tokyo

Dalian

Tianjin

KYRGYZSTAN

Isfahan Basra

NORTH KOREA

Nagoya

Beijing

Farghona Dushanbe

Tehran

IRAQ

Jedda

Tashkent

JA PA N

Pyongyang

Ürümqi

Almaty

Asgabat ¸

JORDAN

SAUDI AR ABIA

B N TA

Kirkuk

Vladivostok

Shenyang

MONG OL IA

IS

Tel Aviv-Yafo

Baku

SYRIA Damascus

UZ

Harbin

Ulan Bator

Aral Sea EK

LEBANON

AZERB.

Caspi

CYPRUS

an Sea

Yerevan

Irkutsk

Karaganda

K A Z A K H S TA N

Tbilisi

TURKEY ARMENIA

below 1999 2000–4999 5000–9999 10,000–19,999 20,000–24,999 above 25,000

Kemerovo

Novosibirsk

Istanbul

GEORGIA

GNI per capita (US$)

Khabarovsk

y

Chelyabinsk Tr a

Magnitogorsk

Ankara

S ea of Okhot sk

Yakutsk

 On a small island at the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula lies Singapore, one of the Pacific Rim’s most vibrant economic centres. Multinational banking and finance form the core of the city’s wealth.

E A N O C

aerospace brewing car/vehicle manufacture cement chemicals electronics engineering finance fish processing food processing hi-tech industry iron & steel pharmaceuticals

I C I F

Industry

PHI L I PPI N ES

CAMBODIA

Chennai (Madras)

Ho Chi Minh City

SRI LANKA 16

I N DI A N O C E A N

Kuala Lumpur

M

A

A

L

Y

Singapore SINGAPORE

 Traditional industries are still crucial to many rural economies across Asia. Here, on the Vietnamese coast, salt has been extracted from seawater by evaporation and is being loaded into a van to take to market.

17

A

134

B

C

D

E

Jakarta

F

G

H

I

S

I

A

BRUNEI

N

D

O

N

E

S

I

A

EAST TIMOR

Surabaya

L

M

ASIAN RESOURCES N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

Environmental issues

Mineral resources

The transformation of Uzbekistan by the former Soviet Union into the world’s fifth largest producer of cotton led to the diversion of several major rivers for irrigation. Starved of this water, the Aral Sea diminished in volume by over 90% since 1960, irreversibly altering the ecology of the area. Heavy industries in eastern China have polluted coastal waters, rivers and urban air, while in Myanmar (Burma), N EA Malaysia and Indonesia, ancient OC ARCTIC hardwood rainforests are felled faster than they can regenerate.

At least 60% of the world’s known oil and gas deposits are found in Asia; notably the vast oil fields of the Persian Gulf, and the less-exploited oil and gas fields of the Ob’ basin in west Siberia. Immense coal reserves in Siberia and China have been utilized to support large steel industries. Southeast Asia has some of the world’s largest deposits of tin, found in a belt running down the Malay Peninsula to Indonesia.

Len

m Although Siberia remains a quintessentially frozen, inhospitable wasteland, vast untapped mineral reserves – especially the oil and gas of the West Siberian Plain – have lured industrial development to the area since the 1950s and 1960s.

a

Riv er

Kuwait

ng

Lahore

Ya

us nd Delhi

Irrawad dy

Xi Jiang

M

4

chromite copper gold iron lead nickel platinum tin wolfram

P

Hong Kong Manila

ong ek

Kolkata Mumbai

Shanghai

Guangzhou

I

Ganges

tze

ow Yell

C

Xi'an

oil field gas field coal field

A

a ar y

Tehran

Beijing

Mineral resources

O C E A N

r ya Da

D Amu

is igr e hrat Eup T

s

Tokyo Osaka Seoul

Shenyang

I F I C

ysh Irt

Sy r

Bangkok

INDI AN O CEAN

3

N

5

I F I C

Khabarovsk

EA

H

C

Bratsk Angarsk

OC ARCTIC

2

im

A

Chelyabinsk Omsk

O C E A N

Ob '

Noril'sk

1

alayas

P

6

Kuala Lumpur

Environmental issues Jakarta

tropical forest forest destroyed desert desertification

I NDI A N

acid rain polluted rivers

O CE A N  Commercial logging activities in Borneo have placed great stress on the rainforest ecosystem. Government attempts to regulate the timber companies and control illegal logging have only been partially successful.

marine pollution heavy marine pollution radioactive contamination poor urban air quality

Using the land and sea Vast areas of Asia remain uncultivated as a result of unsuitable climatic and soil conditions. In favourable areas such as river deltas, farming is intensive. Rice is the staple crop of most Asian countries, grown in paddy fields on waterlogged alluvial plains and terraced hillsides, and often irrigated for higher yields. Across the black earth region of the Eurasian steppe in southern Siberia and Kazakhstan, wheat farming is the dominant activity. Cash crops, like tea in Sri Lanka and dates in the Arabian Peninsula, are grown for export, s and provide valuable income. The sovereignty of the rich in fishing grounds in the South China Sea is disputed by China, Malaysia, Taiwan, the Philippines and Vietnam, because of Ob' potential oil reserves. Yekaterinburg

I C A R C T

C

O

E

N

A

Using the land and sea

P A

C I C I F

Le n

n

ou

al

M

b

Sea of Ok h o t s k

Yakutsk

sey

i

r

e

a

i

E A N O C

ta

a

ni

S

Ye

Ur

9

Anadyr'

Am ur

Chelyabinsk Omsk

Sapporo

Novosibirsk

Istanbul

Qiqihar

Aleppo T igris

Damascus

Ürümqi

Almaty

Gobi

Tashkent

Baotou Beijing er RivDatong Taiyuan

Ye l l o w

Baku

Harbin

Shenyang Anshan

Aral Sea

Caspia

Tbilisi

n Sea

Ankara

Baghdad

Changchun

Tokyo Nagoya Kobe Hiroshima

Dalian Seoul Tianjin Pusan Qingdao Kitakyushu Jinan

Tehran In

du

s

Riyadh Jedda

Delhi

Arabian Peninsula

Jaipur Kanpur

H

im

Dhaka

Chittagong

14

Gaoxiong

Hanoi Me

15 k

South China Sea

g

Bangkok Bangalore Chennai (Madras)

13

Hong Kong

on

Gulf of Aden

Yangon (Rangoon)

12

Nanchang Fuzhou Taipei

Guangzhou

Kunming

Kolkata (Calcutta)

Mumbai (Bombay)

11

ngtze

Guiyang

alayas

Ga nge s

Ahmadabad

Arabian Sea

Ya

Changsha Chongqing

Brahmapu tr a

Lucknow

Karachi

major conurbations cattle pigs goats sheep coconuts corn (maize) cotton dates fishing fruit jute peanuts rice rubber shellfish soya beans sugar beet sugar cane tea timber wheat

Shanghai Nanjing Xi'an Wuhan Hangzhou

Me Salwee konChengdu n g

Faisalabad

10

Zhengzhou

Lanzhou

y

Iranian Plateau

dd

tes

wa

ea R ed S

m Date palms have been cultivated in oases throughout the Arabian Peninsula since antiquity. In addition to the fruit, palms are used for timber, fuel, rope, and for making vinegar, syrup and a liquor known as arrack.

ra

Ir r a

Eu

ph

cropland desert forest mountain region pasture tundra wetland

Manila

Ho Chi Minh City

16

 Rice terraces blanket the landscape across the small Indonesian island of Bali. The large amounts of water needed to grow rice have resulted in Balinese farmers organizing water-control co-operatives.

Medan

INDIAN O CE AN

Singapore

17 Jakarta

Surabaya Semarang

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

Z

135

ASIA A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

Turkey & the Caucasus

K

L

Turkey is largely self-sufficient in food. The irrigated Black Sea coastlands have the world’s highest yields of hazelnuts. Tobacco, cotton, sultanas, tea and figs are the region’s main cash crops and a great range of fruit and vegetables are grown. Wine grapes are among the labour-intensive crops which allow full use of limited agricultural land in the Caucasus. Sturgeon fishing is particularly important in Azerbaijan. RU S SI

FED

ER

AT

SEA

A

T U R K E Y

Konya Antalya

Transport and industry

6

ANKARA

Izmir

T U R K E Y

AZERBAIJAN

YEREVAN Erzurum A

Sivas

A N I R

Diyarbakır

Antalya

Adana

Gaziantep

Iskenderun

R I A S Y

MEDITERR ANEAN SE A

A Q I R

8

114

8120 miles (13,069 km)

30

40

50

60

70

80

Total land area

238 people per sq mile (92 people per sq km)

368,912 sq miles (955,730 sq km)

90

Physical and political barriers have severely limited communications between Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan. Turkey has a relatively well-developed transport network.

ız

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Cide Vize Sinop Burnu Lüleburgaz Babaeski Ayancık azı Saray Uzunköpr oê ü B Gerze i ê l ı a SƒNOP u rus) Bartın BARTIN ÇayÇerkezkö Irm Bafra Burnu y ene ene po Er g KASTAMONU Zonguldak Erg ƒSTANBU Alaçam Ço rlu L ökır ma k TEKƒRD G Ba ƒpsala ba Ta§köprü Burnu AÊ Malkara Pazarba§ı Bafra Beykoz Duraêan Burnu Silivri Boyabat Devrek iç Civa Burnu Tekirdaê Küçük Çekmec e ÇKarabük Safranbolu Araç Çayı Kandıra er Ke§an Ka r Kas ras k u tam a onu l e MED a Samsun ZONGULDAK a y ı SAMSUN I§ık aêı ƒRNE Atatürk Araç KO ı Ak CA çak Terme Yasun oca r EL SA Altınka Kargı I KARYA KARABÜK S o ê ya flarköy D a Gebze Ünye Burnu ıl Barajı C a Çar§amba nlı i aêl ƒzmit Adapazarı DÜZCE (Sea of Marm s Kö rfe z K ı z Vezirköprü Çayı z D Tosya a n ) s g e Saro l l ar Düzce a) Il Marmara d ane i k Gelibolu Yalova Çerke§ Gerede (D a r Fatsa Osma ı ncık He z nd ek YALOVA D a ayı Gölcük êa ede Ç Bo Yapraklı ê l ORDU Erdek Bolu Ger ƒmroz Merzifon ale Lâpseki a r ı MudanyaGemlik ƒskilip AMAS ÇAN YA Ba KIR k nd I ırma Geyve ƒznik k Biga BOLU Gökçeada ak na Erbaa Gölköy Ta§ova Ku§ Gölü ƒznik Gölü Bayat l Irm Karacabey Göynük Ça Çanakkale Kızılcahamam ı Niksar z Amasya Yeni§ehir akarya Nehr Çankırı Kı ÇOR Gönen i S Çan UM Çorum elk BƒLECƒK Ulubat Gölü ÇANAKK it Ça TOKAT Ça Nallıhan Bozcaada ALE yı Ulu Bil ƒn n daê eci eg k öl Mustafakem e Turhal Almus n Ezine 254 alpa§a 3m ö Zile Re§adiye Çub uk Susurluk Beypazarı Sulakyurt Tokat BURSA Bozüyük S rı Esenboêa Kalecik ündiken D Aya§ Sungurlu Alaca Edremit la Balıkesir aêlar a ê Artova Kepsut Eski§ehir ı Çekerek Edremit i D c Mih e alıç çık Körfezi Burhaniye BALIKES Dev Bozok ƒR P o r s u k Ç ay ı Tav§anlı Kırıkkale Yozgat k Çayı Yıldızeli Ya Sava§tepe Hafik Ayvalık ANKARA yla rsu Bigadiç KIRIKKALE ESKƒflEHƒR Sivas Sorgun sı Yerköy Seyitgazi Keskin Akdaêm Emet Küt adeni BergamaSoma Sivrihisar S im ahya SƒVAS Balâ Polatlı ayı Çifteler YOZGAT Sındırgıav Çay flefaatli ır Ç Dikili KÜTAHYA er ı a Ba k Haymana Kınık r KƒRflEHƒR ec Simav I Demirci d zıl T ı k Hirfanlı Altınta§ Aliaêa K Kaman Akhisar Aslan Burn Gediz A Barajı Seyfe Gölü flarkı§la u Boêazlıyan Kangal M Kulu Kir§ A Em ehir N ird ƒS M aê A Menemen anisa G Kozaklı N Kı ed iz zıl Mucur iz N Banaz AF ed YO Cih N anb G eyl i ehri flereflikoçhisarIrm NEV Ya yla sı Afyon Bolvadin Eber Gölü Kula Çe§me U§ak flEHƒR ak Yunak Turgutlu Bünyan Urla y rı Sa Ufl a lih AK B E§ li me Cihanbeyli iç f Tuz Adnan Göl Bayındır o z D a a ü ü Al K a§ehir Çay a êla Menderes l Ç Tersakan Gölü Sandıklı Kayseri Ak§ehir Gölü rı z Teke Burn Nev§ehir Ürgüp ê Gürün Bana u a Tire ƒZ Ödemi§ Sarıgöl KAYSERƒ S u Ak§ehir Çivril Ku§adası MIR D Erciyes Daêı Selçuk l Aksaray Darende Aydın Daêları ta KONYA eh ri 3917m Yalvaç dere s N Buldan Körfezi Ku§adası n Ye§ilhisar men Da lı Ilgın Nazilli yük hri Dinar AKSARAY Develi Eêi ê Bü Ne A a rdi yd Kad r Gö ınh Sen ın lü l anı irk ent Söke Pamukkale a KAHRAMANMARAfl t ehri flarkîkaraaêaç r ı Büyükmenderes N Yahyalı Acıgöl h Tufanbeyli Af§in Elbistan Hasan Daêı ƒSPARTA Çamiçi 3268m AYDIN Denizli Bey§ehir Gölü Göksun Çine Isparta Niêde Gölü Konya DENƒZLƒ Bor Nurhak Bu Burdur rdur Tavas NIÊ DE Karapınar Menzelet Bey Gö §eh lü Ya ir ta Güllük êan Sütçül Feke Bataklık Gölü Barajı Gölba§ı BURDUR o r er Milas Körfezi ı Muêla T l ê Çum o ra Ereê Kahramanmara§ Ulukı§la li Gölü Bucak a A Tefenni Seydi§ehir D s MUÊLA Andırın a ık Ula Bodrum m Suêla Karadaê Kozan Ereêli l nç Aslanta§ ala D 2271 m i ADAN z Türkoêlu Pazarcık Köyceêiz Gölü A Barajı a Gökova Körfe Bozkır ANTALYA Gülek Boêazı Kadirli Korkuteli Kâzımkarabekir Marmaris Datça 1050m Karaman Ortaca Akseki Seyhan OSMANIYE r KARAMAN Barajı Osman Antalya Serik Dalaman a iye Bahçe GAZƒANTEP Dalaman Hadım s l A nt al ya Gaziantep Elm o alı Ceyhan i Kara r Gü ndo r h êm Fe u§ th Tars Manavgat iye us N Mersin Burnu Dörtyol T o k Kemer A n t a ly a KILIS A O r t a y an (ƒçel) Körfezi Be Seyh Deli ƒÇ Kilis EL ƒskende Alanya run Ermenek Mut Burnu Kumluca Körfezi Erdemli Gö ksu Karata§ ƒskenderun Kırıkhan Finike Neh Ka§ ri Yardımcı Burnu Silifke Akıncı Burnu Amik Ovası 120 114 yı

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m For many centuries, Istanbul has held tremendous strategic importance as a crucial gateway between Europe and Asia. Founded by the Greeks as Byzantium, the city became the centre of the East Roman Empire and was known as Constantinople to the Romans. From the 15th century onwards the city became the centre of the great Ottoman Empire.

745 miles (1200 km)

ic

12

10

Population density

pasture cropland forest

Yen

11

0

rural 28%

ı

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E

10

ld

urban 72%

capital cities major towns

5778 miles (9300 km)

capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

IA Y

L U B

9

R GA

114,867 miles (184,882 km)

carpet weaving cement chemicals coal engineering food processing oil textiles tourism vehicle manufacture

The urban/rural population divide

cattle goats cotton fishing fruit hazelnuts olives sugar beet tobacco vineyards

The transport network

Major industry and infrastructure

Z.

Kayseri

Konya

BAKU

ARME NIA

SEA

7

Batumi

Samsun

N

N

Bursa

GEORGIA TBILISI

Kutaisi

TIO

IA

Istanbul Izmit

ERA

SP

BU

N F ED

A

CE

B L AC K S E A

A Q I R

R I A S Y

Land use and agricultural distribution

C

GREE

RU S SI A

IA AR LG

Adana

MEDITERR ANEAN S EA

m Azerbaijan has substantial oil reserves, located in and around the Caspian Sea. They were some of the earliest oilfields in the world to be exploited.

.

D elice Ça

5

Z

A N I R

Diyarbakır

4

N

BAKU ARMENIA AZERBAIJAN YEREVAN

Samsun

ANKARA Izmir

IO

N

Istanbul

IA

GEORGIA TBILISI

SP

GREECE

AN

BL ACK SEA

A

IA AR LG BU

C

This region occupies the fragmented junction between Europe, Asia and the Russian Federation. Sunni Islam provides a common identity for the secular state of Turkey, which the revered leader Kemal Atatürk established from the remnants of the Ottoman Empire after the First World War. Turkey has a broad resource base and expanding trade links with Europe, but the east is relatively undeveloped and strife between the state and a large Kurdish minority has yet to be resolved. Georgia is similarly challenged by ethnic separatism, while the Christian state of Armenia and the mainly Muslim and oil-rich Azerbaijan are locked in conflict over the territory of Nagorno-Karabakh.

Turkey leads the region’s well-diversified economy. Petrochemicals, textiles, engineering and food processing are the main industries. Azerbaijan is able to export oil, while the other states rely heavily on hydro-electric power and imported fuel. Georgia produces precision machinery. War and earthquake damage have devastated Armenia’s infrastructure.

M

Using the land and sea

AR MENIA , AZERBAIJAN, GEORGIA , TURKEY 2

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Reyhanlı

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ASIA: TU R KEY AN D TH E CAUCASUS N

O

P

Q

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The landscape

Limestone weathering in the Anatolian Plateau

The deeply-eroded hills and salty basins of the Anatolian Plateau are bordered by several mountain ranges along the Black Sea coast, and the limestone Taurus Mountains (Toros Daglari) in the south. A lowland trough divides the Caucasus and the Lesser Caucasus, which form a formidable barrier of peaks in the north.

Eroded gully

The straits of the Bosporus and the Dardanelles, respectively linking the Black and Mediterranean seas with the Sea of Marmara, formed after the last Ice Age, when a rising sea level caused these former river valleys to be flooded.

X

 The Caucasus are fold mountains, which formed around the same time as the Taurus Mountains (Toros Daglari) around 65 million years ago and have since been modified by volcanic erruptions.

High plateau Remnant landforms

Layers of tephra

Y

m In central Turkey, rainwater has chemically weathered away numerous layers of limestone, leaving isolated outcrops and pinnacles and deep eroded gullies.

1

2

Many of the rivers crossing the Anatolian Plateau never reach the sea, but drain into salt marshes and shallow salt lakes such as Lake Tuz (Tuz Gölü), where much of the water is lost to evaporation.

Anatolian Plateau

Lava has flowed over large areas of the Lesser Caucasus within the last five million years, producing extensive basalt plateaux.

m The white rock terraces at Pamukkale in western Turkey were formed when underground water, heated by volcanic activity, dissolved minerals in the rocks. When the water reached the surface and evaporated the minerals were left behind in these extraordinary formations.

3

4

The earthquake that struck Armenia in 1988 killed over 55,000 people and devastated the country’s infrastructure.

Long, parallel mountain ranges run from east to west into the Aegean Sea, which has risen since the last Ice Age to form a drowned coastline of numerous islands and extended inlets.

Pamukkale

The Cilician Gates (Gülek Bogazi), a major pass through the Taurus Mountains (Toros Daglari), is the point where streams flow from the interior plateau onto the lowland of Adana.

The folded peaks of the Taurus Mountains (Toros Daglari) were formed 60–65 million years ago, at the same time as the Alps. The rock is mainly limestone, with deep caves, gorges and underground rivers.

Map key Population

The shallow, saline Lake Van (Van Gölü) is the largest lake in Turkey. Dry terraces mark a previous shoreline 181 ft (55 m) above the present water level.

The granite massif near Surami divides the lowlands of Georgia from the oil-rich basin of Azerbaijan’s Kura river, which has built a large delta into the Caspian Sea.

Thick, temperate forest veils the seaward slopes of the Kaçkar Daglari. The southern slopes, which lie in a rainshadow, are dry and barren.

5

The volcanic cone of Mount Ararat is the highest peak in Turkey, with an altitude of 16,853 ft (5137 m). 6

above 5 million 1 million to 5 million

7

500,000 to 1 million

Poti

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Samt’redia

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Kıêı Karlıova Kar TUNCELƒ Nazımiye BINGÖL

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Biläsuvar

IJ

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Culfa Ordubad

Häsänabad

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Vorota n Qazangödaê B A 3829m Kapan

Naxçıvan

Bankä

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142

Meghri

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lis

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M

ou

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ai

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Scale 1:4,000,000 Km

0 10 20 0

10

Miles

40 20

60 40

80

100 60

14 120 80

120

100

projection: Lambert Conformal Conic 15

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sea level

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100m / 328ft

TBILISI

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Telavi Lagodekhi Gurjaani

9

i

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Dusheti

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Ozurgeti

250m / 820ft

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500m / 1640ft

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1000m / 3281ft

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s

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as

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T’ebulos Mta 4493m

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s

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a

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Kazbek 5047m

 Since the 6th century BC, the pinnacles and caves of eastcentral Anatolia have been utilized as dwellings. Many are still inhabited today.

F E D E R A

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3000m / 9843ft

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Elevation

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below 10,000

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10,000 to 50,000

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50,000 to 100,000

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122

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100,000 to 500,000

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A

I P

138

m The fisheries of Azerbaijan are noted for their hauls of sturgeon, and the Caspian Sea accounts for 80% of the world’s total catch. However, stocks are now under serious threat due to overfishing.

138

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

m Traditional steam baths are found throughout the region, and are used for socializing as well as for bathing. X

Y

17

Z

137

ASIA A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

The Near East

1

K

136

L

M

U

T

R

K

Maydán Ikbiz

‘Ayn al ‘Arab Jarábulus

d

I R AQ , I S R AE L , J O R DAN , L E BAN O N , SYR IA

al A krá

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ör Suraysát Some of the world’s oldest civilizations developed in this region – the Fertile At Tall al Abyaç nK A‘záz ‘Afrín ru ár Manbij e Crescent – which is venerated by Jews, Muslims and Christians, but torn by Í im d n í al e W ád k Al Báb ƒs Al ‘Arímah Al Mashrafah competing religious, ethnic and national claims to the land. Turkish Íalab Qan√árí Íárim Khafsah (Alep po) Ottoman rule ended with the First World War and the region was ÍALAB Salqín divided into areas administered by Britain and France. The UN Íalab Urám a§ flughrá Sabkhat al Jabbúl Bális Buíayrat al Asad A R R AQ QA H endorsed calls for a Jewish homeland in what was then Palestine and in al Idlib Ra’s al Basí√ Euphrates Umm ‘Ámúd Aí Ar Raqqah a§ Jabal Aía§ Dam Arííá Saráqib 1948 the state of Israel was declared. Hostility towards the Jewish Euphr 638m Ebla ates As Sabkhah Qal‘at Jibli I DL Madínat state led to a series of wars with its Arab neighbours. After I B Abú aç Çuhúr Burzay Ugarit ath Thawrah Ma‘din Ma‘arrat an Nu‘mán Al Ládhiqíyah 2000, attempts to broker peaceful resolutions with both the (Latakia) Khán Shaykhún Palestinian population and with adjacent Arab states were hampered by a revival Jebel Tlété AL LÁDHIQÍYAH fluqaylibíyah Ouâte Rharbi Qa§r Ibn Wardán 867m Jablah of Islamic militarism and conflicting international interests in the oil-rich region. ◊ayyibat at Turkí ish A§ flá‘rán Bániyás lB This led to an Israeli retrenchment and culminated in a US-led invasion of Iraq ◊ayyibah Íamáh ÍAMÁH Jab a DA in 2003, which toppled the Ba’athist regime of Saddam Hussein in the name Al Qa§r Ma§yáf Salamíyah Qa§r al Íayr ash Ash Shaykh Ibráhím Sharqí ◊ar√ús ah s y 120 í á r ◊AR◊ÚS of a ‘war on terror’. il‘ Rastán Shá‘ír ‘Amrít Íim§ ArTall ma l B Jabal 1279m Bísah aw la

Water scarcity limits cropland to the north and to areas watered principally by the Tigris, Euphrates and Jordan rivers. In Israel, new irrigation techniques are allowing cultivation in the arid Negev. Wheat is the chief grain and large areas of scrub support livestock herding. Commercial produce includes dates, tobacco, citrus fruits, olives, grapes and cotton, which is Syria’s main export crop. Fishing is still important in the Mediterranean.

rural 30%

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Furqlus Buíay rat Shinshár Qoubaïyât Íim§ El Mina Al Qu§ayr Tripoli Zgharta Hermel Qornet es Saouda n fladad a Batroûn Bcharré 3083m

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urban 70%

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Using the land and sea

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The urban/rural population divide

Ji b á l a s S á í i l í yah Al Gháb

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140

Ja b a l a l K h a s h s h

 Water and wind erosion over thousands of years have created the Canyon of the Oasis at Ein Avdat in the Negev Desert (HaNegev). Extreme diurnal temperature fluctuations, coupled with wind erosion, have caused layers of rock to crack and peel away.

Al Mudawwarah

of

Aq

m The city of Petra, carved from spectacular rosecoloured limestone, lies deep within a canyon in southern Jordan. Revenues from the spice trade funded the construction of the city which was built by the Nabatean people in about 400 BC .

Jabal Ramm 1754m

Gulf

 The Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem is a magnificent mosque, revered by Muslims. Close by is the Wailing Wall, the city’s most sacred Jewish landmark and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a famous Christian place of worship. D

E

F

G

The Al Jazirah plateau divides the Euphrates and Tigris rivers, which cross the Mesopotamian plain to reach their confluence in the southeast. The rocky Syrian Desert extends west to the northern extremity of the Great Rift Valley, which runs from the mountains of Lebanon to the Gulf of Aqaba. The Jordan river flows south along this trough into the Dead Sea, divided from the Mediterranean coastal plain by a steep-sided plateau. H

ayd ay n

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S

Jordan

R

E

I T

D

A SE

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t

The landscape

capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

C

r

uh

R

V a l am ar i an Hil l e y ls Jordan

SE

N

EA

AN

RR

ITE

MED

ER

IT ED

138

B

car manufacture cement chemicals electronics finance food processing iron & steel oil oil refining textiles

e

A U D

fur

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Major industry and infrastructure

‘Á

AL‘AQABAH

Al ‘Aqabah

n

A ád am

17

a

J

s

aí

E

í

Jordan’s sea port of Al ‘Aqabah is connected to Damascus in Syria by road and rail. This route to the Red Sea provides for large exports of phosphate and trade with states in the Persian Gulf.

án ww fla

1171 miles (1885 km)

16

al

Ma‘án

l

3826 miles (6158 km)

bá

1365 miles (2197 km)

Qá‘ al Jafr

Ja

49,859 miles (80,249 km)

Al Jafr

’ atrá

K U WA I T

PT

The transport network

MA‘ÁN

Jabal Mubárak 1727m

al B

UDI AR ABI A SA

JO R D A N

l bá

EGY

J O R DA N

Elat

T

Basra

e

S

◊u w a y y i l a s h S h i h á q Al Háshimíyah

Ra’s an Naqb Ji

P

ISRAEL

15

Petra Be’er Menuha Wádí Músá (Petra)

Y

I R AQ

JERUSALEM

14

N

D

‘AM MÁ N

Gharandal

A

Tel Aviv-Yafo

BAGHDAD

a

a§ Arç

G

BEIRUT DAMASCUS Haifa AMMAN

i

Í

ád

M

W

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r

b ra

E

Tripoli

Kirkuk

a l aj al W

N

‘íb

S y

ISRAEL

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SYRIA

an

Jeb

aa

eq

El Ja Ba ba ro l u E l B

E A N

ha

Golan Heights

al

A

PT

13

Homs

DIMASHQ

Na h

I R

EGY

T URKEY

Latakia

q

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b

el

Li

LEBANON

BEYROUTH

Transport and industry

Aleppo

ha rq íya ta nN ab k

ra Sabkhat al Múí n ◊a al aíyah Jabqniq i Íalímah 6 N 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Al Qaryatayn Al Báridah 2464m ál Jbaïl Population density Total land area w i Mazraat Kfar Debiâne ◊ a√ Í I M fl iy á Baalbek ’ús ba al M 217 people per sq mile 325,460 sq miles Joûnié Ja ádí l Ru Bi’r al ‘Ulayy áníyah b a e (84 people per sq km) (843,160 sq km) Brou b W mmâ na L (BEIRUT) Ja al úr ◊uráq al ‘Ilab Rayak iJab aym Zahlé Beyrouth n t Baírat Í A MalláíahAr Qabb Eliâs Sab‘ Ábár Ruíay Wádí a§ flaw t bah Aanjar Az Zabdání k Damoûr Al Qu√ayfah Khán Abú Shámát 7 Land use and Lac de Baír flayqal áb Dúmá Çumayr Saïda Qaraoun agricultural distribution Saw í as Jabal a√ ◊anf Mount Hermon Qa√aná ád W Nabatîyé 772m (DAMASCUS) i 2814m sheep N an A√ ◊anf S Dimashq Al Híjánah Soûr a h r e l L í t El Khiy Judaydah cereals am Metula R Í F citrus fruits Kiryat Shmona AL Buráq En D I M Nâq A S oûr H Q a Ben t Jbaïl QUNAY◊IRAH cotton dates Al Qunay√irah T URKEY Nahariya Harei Meron Tall Gháb 8 Khirbat al Umbáshí A§ flafá 1208m Tsefat fishing Mi 722m DAR‘Á 746m f ra Akko A l ts He H a G a l iKarm rice Nawá fa i’el NORTHERN Lake Tiberias tobacco Aleppo Hefa Shaqqá Izra‘ Shahb Mosul Natzrat á’ (Sea of Galilee) (Nazareth) Tver (H aif capital cities a) ya SYRIA Dá‘íl As Suwa A S S U WAY D Á ’ Ki ydá’ major towns Jab id sh HAIFA ay s h Ma’ád Al Yarmúk al a L E BA N O N on Ruw I R AQ Dar‘á Jabal ad Durúz l ‘A pasture IRB Umm el Fahm í ar ID i t 1798 m a Irb id DAMASCUS BEIRUT Ar Ramthá tS W Or Akiva cropland N a di ar hi l a Beit She’an A§ flaríí Bu§rá ash Shám Hadera ay k Ruw Jenín Al Íu§n wetland BAGHDAD Íarrat ar aysh D uw Netanya id flalkh Tel Aviv-Yafo ad Rujaylah ‘AJLÚN desert Muqá√ Al Mafraq AMMAN ‘Ajlún l ‘ Jarash Náblus Kfa r Sava JERUSALEM ba TEL AVIV West Ban Khabrat Abú Jabal ‘Unayzah W á d í a n N Ab J a JARASH ISRAEL Te l Av iv- Yafo A§ flafáwí Petah Tikva k Dayr ‘Allá úÍ 940m al Íu§ayn Basra i fna Bat Yam AL MAFRAQ J O R DA N A U D I A R A B I Ramat Gan Dámiyá AL BALQÁ’ Az Zarqá’ h l A Holon S Tel Aviv-Yafo As Sal√ Abú Nu§ayr ay s Wádí as Sír K U WA I T CENTRAL Wá ◊ uw RamlaRamallah d í Umm Ná‘úr Yavne Reh 10 M ovo Jeri t cho m Ashdod Wáíat al Azraq Saíáb Al Muwaqqar JERUSALEM Um Ashkelon Al Azraq al Janúbí Queen Alia Bethlehem Kir yat Gat Mádabá Al Jízah AZ ZARQÁ’ Jabalíya MÃDABÁ Sderot Hebron Ga Al ‘Umarí Gaza Strip za Sa’ad Yatta ‘AMMÁN Dead Dhíbán Khán Yúnis Sea Aríí Netivot The petrochemical industry is well established, and l ‘Adlah á Ein Ged i Qa§r a√ ◊úbah Rafah Rahat Omer central to the economies of Syria and Iraq, which was Al Mazra‘ah Kuseifa 11 Be’er Sheva Ara d Horvot Halutsa Al Karak Al the world’s second largest oil exporter before the war Qa√ránah ah Neve Zohar ir w Dh with Iran which began in 1980. Lebanon has Qá‘ al Jinz h AL KARAK ad Telalim traditionally been a centre for commerce, while Israel Fífah t ir s Al ‘Ayná Ha khte i Qa§r e al Mush A√ ◊afílah ayyish a ta Har has a well-diversified economy with an expanding Ein Avd at HaM aKa A◊ ◊AFÍLAH Al Íisá H Sapir Báyir Mitspe Ar Rashádíyah tourist industry, despite few natural resources. 12 Ramon Qa§r al Íayr al Gharbí

I

J

K

L

M

ASIA: THE NEAR EAST

Al ‘Ubaydí

Al Fuíaymí Buíayrat al Qádisíyah

ás h dí a r R at q a h

Wá

í al M

Uqlat flawáb

Bardasah

d Wa

iÍ

Muíaywír

W

í ‘Á

Bázíyah

A L

3000m / 9843ft

50,000 to 100,000

H

Sámarrá’ ig r is

1000m / 3281ft

below 10,000

500m / 1640ft

100m / 328ft sea level 5

Q

Balad Rúz

Ba‘qúbah

Baghdád

Khán Ázád

BAGHDÁD

BAGH DÁ D

Scale 1: 3,250,000 Km

0

20

10

0

60

40

10

20

Miles

100

80

80

60

40

100

Kir Kush

Qazáníyah

7

Sumayr al Muíammad Tursáq Háshimah Shandrúkh Kání Sakht Zurbá√íyah Badrah

m The marshlands of the Tigris/Euphrates Delta were for centuries home to the Marsh Arabs, who for centuries maintained a traditional and unique lifestyle. Attempts to destroy this by Saddam Hussein’s regime through drainage and genocide have now been halted.

Al Maímúdíyah

I

גb

R

Nahr a√

l

N

al K

ádí

W

Sh

a√

B

a

√

n

h

h

a

l

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di

Al

ib

W

T A I

Per

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n

Gu

142

ba

Bi’r Juraybíyát

D

Ar Rukhaymíyah

d

Al AbÒyah

an

a‘

A

Sh

Gh

in

arb

íya

‘Uqlat al ‘Udhaybah

U

l

Bá√

a

Al Ba§rah

í al

t

K

a

ád

r

W

h

ab

A

áb

a

h 15

Lake Tigris

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

16

Euphrates

m The flood plains of southern Iraq are crossed by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Salt marshes and alluvial plains crusted with salt cover much of the area. The many small lakes are filled with brackish water and the marshes are colonized by reeds.

Extensive marshlands surround the lake of Hawr al Hammar, which is 70 miles (110 km) long.

Iraq Marshlands

Dried salt marsh

Salt-covered alluvial plain

Great quantities of sediment, deposited by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, have infilled the head of The Persian Gulf, shifting the coastline south by more than 150 miles (250 km) in the last 5000 years.

The gravel-strewn terrain of the Syrian Desert is interrupted by wadis – river valleys which remain dry for most of the year.

O

is

áf

±

ií

I

The Nahr el Litani, Lebanon’s only permanent river, flows along the fertile El Beqaa Valley, which runs for 110 miles (175 km), between the Jebel Liban and Anti-Lebanon mountains.

Dead Sea

N

r Tig

h ar r

R

B

has no outlet to the sea. The water level has continued to fall in recent years, due to increased use of the Jordan river for irrigation.

Ancient eruptions of lava formed the plateau of Jabal ad Duruz which is deeply weathered and eroded along the edge of the Great Rift Valley. The lava impounded the waters of the Jordan river to form the Sea of Galilee (Lake Tiberias).

wrah Kha

√ al G

A

r

140

A

l hr a Na

Sh a √

R

6

projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

8 Sarábádí Falláí Al Karmashíyah íyah ‘Azíz Al Al Iskandaríyah A§ fluwayrah Ar Sayyid ‘Abíd Haw r ash Shuway jah Muíammad W á d í al G h a d a f af Raííálíyah Buíay rat h a J ú Shaykh ‘Ábid Al Musayyib ‘Alí W Á S I ◊ dí Ab ar á W Imám Ibn Háshim Razázah 142 Al Maíáwíl Salmán Bin ‘Arázah jj a Karbalá’ Babylon B Á B I L lF A N B Á R Manzilíyah Kuwayt Shaykh Sa‘d Qa§r W áníyah á rbí Nu‘m Gha An al ‘Alí Qal‘at Darwísháh Al Mardah Al Hindíyah 9 Al Íillah Al Kút Aímad ‘Abíd ‘Alí Ukhayçir Al Háshimíyah Haw r K A R BA L Á ’ Qal‘at íyah affaq Muw Al íyah Sa‘d as n Íasan Ibn Íassún ∞ay Hu Najm al Íassún Shaykh Mír Íájí Khalíl Fáris Sha Íámid Amín Bi’r al Islám Al Habbáríyah ‘íb A Haw r Al Daghghárah Al Íayy Shaykh Najm b ú Gh á r Hawr Khán al Mu§allá ad Dujaylah ‘Afak N as Sanáf W á d í al M Al ‘Abd Alláh M AY S Á il í Tarád al Kahf Al Kúfah Al ‘Amárah At ◊aq√aqánah Ad Díwáníyah r Umm Haw Nukhayb An h Athíya ç ír i Taír al Baqar b ay y Hawr Ash Shámíyah Qal‘at Sukkar 10 í al U Askal Umm Sawán An Najaf Wád Ar Rifá‘í Abú flukhayr h ir r A L Q Á DI S Í YA H nah mú May Al Hawr Fay§alíyah únah Qal‘at Majn al Íawízah Abtán Qádisíyah Al Makmín An Na§r Khán ar Ruíbah Ash Shanáfíyah Qal‘at flálií Al La§af Ar Rumaythah Ash Sha√rah Imán ‘Abd Alláh Kassárah Haw r ‘Alí al Íassúní Hajjama Ghamúkah Rashíd Judayyidat Hámir Bi’r an Ni§f Nakhrash As Samáwah Á R 11 Q Bá’ij al Mahdí Í H D Chamcham A A N N A J A F Íawr a§ flaffáf Chanún Birkat Íámid Qurnah Al Ba√íá’ as Sa‘údí An Ná§iríyah Al Al Barít s Shanáwah hrate Khará’ib Al Íammám Al Chabá’ish Eu p Abú Qabr ‘Abd al Karím h yúk √ Shu Thaqb Abú ash Súq Hawr al Íammár fí al ‘Ar at Tubrah Ash Shá Abú Sudayrah ‘Ayn Íamúd r Ad Day Al Hárithah Tall al Laím Irjal ash Shaykhíyah Ar Ra√áwí Al Ma‘áníyah ah Jalíb Abú Jasrah Al Qu§ayr (Basra) fl a A√ ◊úbah Abú al Kha§íb ír H A R fl á’ áb A L B A Az Zubayr Jalíb Shah As Salmán Al A a h Síbah áníya As Íadd sh Lífíyah Al ‘Athámín l Í i járah Sh Al ‘Athámín 366m Ar Ruçaymah Rumaylah Abú Raqráq á dír Gha m Al Jíl í yah  The shores of the Safwán Umm Qa§r Dead Sea are the lowest land on T H A N N Á Makhfar Al Bu§ayyah U Al Í M Kh Al Fáw L A ajarah the Earth’s surface – 1401 ft (427 m) aw r ‘A Ash Shubrúm below sea level. This highly saline bd Takhádíd Al lake is fed by the Jordan river but Íájj al Thaqb lá a Tib

A

4

250m / 820ft

Makátú

Á D I Y Á L Man dalí

Shaykh Íátim Al íyah Fallújah Al Ká≠im

Buíay rat Íabbáníyah

Abú al Jír

As Sa‘díyah Saráy Naf√ Kháneh

Al ‘U≠aym

Balad Al Muqdádíyah Al Ad Íasáwíyah Dujayl Kháli§ Abú

A

Euphr ates

Ar Ramádí

dí

I

3

2000m / 6562ft

10,000 to 50,000

Qara Anjír

Khán al Masháhidah

Abú Farúkh

Ar Ru√bah

4000m / 13,124ft

100,000 to 500,000

lá

Q a Th

R

I

Muíammadíyah

500,000 to 1 million

iyá

Sahílíyah

Maskhán Hít ‘Ayn Zázúh Qasr ‘Amíj ‘Aqabah

mij

Í YA A S S U L AY M Á N Dargazayn ( S L Ê M A N Î )

manî) As Sulaymáníyah (Slê Chemchemal T ance ro Erbet Qere Gol Xurmaî Kirkúk Kutabán B eSha x-î ran an K I R K Ú K Táza Khurmátú Zarén Sadd Íawíjah Ash Shakk Heîebce Darband-i Khán Dáqúq Xan Sûr Al Fatíah La‘lí Khán Túz Khurmátú Bayjí J a b al Ía Sulaymán Beg Bi’r Hazím mr Kifrí Abú Rajásh Sarqaòá ín Hawshqúrah A D D Í N Sárihah Umayqah Tikrít yrat Ad Dawr Buía Shárí Khánaqín Mukayshífah Cháy Khánah Naqnah Amín Íabib

Buíayrat ath Tharthár

Marwáníyah

Al Baghdádí

Syagwêz W á d í S hi l a y r Chwarta Germik

Wádí a

Ubaylah

ád

aw

rá n

Áltún Kúbrí

Bába Guÿguÿ Qizil Yár

Álús

án í’

‘A k

W ád

W

á

Wá

dí

Kanî Slêman

rD

Ráwah ‘Annah Hawbayn al Gharbíyah Náíiyah

dí

a‘r lW

Dîbege

Elevation

1 million to 5 million

Na h

fl A L Á Í

Rúmiyah Al ‘Awání

An

WLÊR)

Map key Population

Koye Bingird (Koi Sanjaq) an Dûk Taqtaq Little Zab

T

a

N

a

Abú Kamál

ah

Darband

Arbíl

‹ezge Beste Qeîadize

l

ár

‘j

Malíah

As Sayyál

wí Sid á

‹anye

íú

h T h ar t h

Umm al Fu√úr

1

ak lM

dí at

Sabkhat al Burghúth

Abú Íardán Sabkhat Álbú Gharz

ab

Jagh ja Nah r

ba Ja Wá

Subaykhán

Y

2

Sheqîawe

(Hewlêr) Guwér ( H E

Ash Sharqá√ Khánúqah

Bu§ayrah

X

N

Al Íaçr

Al M aná§if

Al ‘Ashárah

‹eshwan

Mexmûr

Y R A Z Z AW R

Sabkhat al Kassír

G

Jawán

Dayr az Zawr

Al Mayádín

Eski Kaòak

n

‹ayat

A R B Í L

re

(Mosul)

A§ fluwár Rawçah

At Tibní

a

W

‹ewanduz

at Z

Al Maw§il

Tall ‘Azbah

Sunaysilah

Maîe Mela

Kúh-e Íájí Ebráhím 3600m

Bardaÿash

Eski Mosul Tall Kayf

Tall ‘Ab√ah

Zalábiyah

t

Arî

kî î L i n Xêrzok

Ákré

Tall ash Sha‘ír Íammán al ‘Alíl Al Fatsí Tall Íassúnah

Al Bádí

s

 The island of El Hlayaye near Saida in southern Lebanon is linked to the mainland by a bridge built as part of the fort in the 12th century.

Qimmat Kirdí Kawráw 3351m

Argush

Baykhmah

Tall ‘Afar

Al Ba‘áj

G

re a

C hiy a -

Dahúk

J a z í r a h

A l

Hurkê

(Dihok)

Tall Íuqnah

N Í N A W Á Jazírah

Mangêsh

( DI HOK ) Sêmêl

i

Amêdî

V

A

Ash Shadádah Al

DA H Ú K

U

R

zíz a l ‘A J a b a l ‘A b d ◊urumbah

d

Tall ‘Uwaynát

Khán as Súr r l Sinjá Jaba Sinjár Wardíyah

AL ÍASAKAH

Jazrah

Tall Kúshik

r

Wádí Ru

h

Al Íasakah

Jabal ‘Abd al ‘Azíz 920m

ris Tig

ar R a d d

Tall ±áhir

la ay

Wádí

Zaxo

m

Ra’s al ‘Ayn A§ flafií Na hr al Kh á bú r

Al Málikíyah

Al Qámishlí

‘Ámúdah

Wad i Jar r áh

Darbásíyah

g h ah

E

u

a r t n á t at h hár al Fur á t

Y

tZ

K

ab

O

I

N

W

X

Y

17

Z

139

lf

h

ASIA B

D

E

F

G

H

I

The Arabian Peninsula

1

J

K

W

KU

A

A

E

B

IA

aba f Aq

G

E

lf o Gu

J O

King Abdullah Economic City King Abdul Aziz

80

The An Nafud Desert is covered with barchan dunes varying between 30–100 ft (10–30 m) high. The ‘horns’ of the crescent-shaped dunes reflect the direction in which they are being moved by the wind.

Evaporation

‘Aynín

Sabt al Uláyá Al Qunfudhah

Muháyil

E A

J az

i

ar

I T

R

F

The Arabian Shield underpins the west of the peninsula. It is a fragment of the ancient continent, Gondwanaland, which was separated by rifting millions of years ago.

G

H

I

J

K

IA

E

H

P

D

T

IO

C

The Jabal an Nabi Shu’ayb in Yemen is the highest point on the peninsula, rising to 12,336 ft (3760 m).

A

 Every Muslim must make at least one pilgrimage or hajj to Mecca (Makkah), in Saudi Arabia, during their lifetime. The cloth-covered shrine is called the Ka’bah, and is regarded by Muslims as the most sacred place on Earth.

16

m Ar Rub‘ al Khali, also known as the Empty Quarter, is the most arid part of the Arabian Peninsula. It is the largest uninterrupted sand desert in the world. Ridges of sand up to 25 miles (40 km) long, run northeast–southwest, giving characteristic linear dunes.

E

E

80

140

rF

á’

E R

15

B

Al Birk

80

The Hejaz (Al Hijaz) and Asir mountains form part of the same geological region as the highlands of Sudan and Eritrea, to which they were once joined. They were separated when faulting opened the Red Sea, over 50 million years ago.

A

Daws

Al Báíah

Across the Najd Plateau the flat relief is broken by mesas; steep-sided rock plateaux and cuestas; ridges with one steep and one gentle slope.

17

AL BÁÍAH

Al Líth

N

m A sabkha is a flat, salt-encrusted plain which occurs near the coast just above the high water mark. Flooding by sea water leads to saturation of the land with saline-rich groundwater. As this evaporates, a cracked layer of sand, cemented together with salt, gypsum and calcium carbonate is left behind.

M A K

A√ ◊á’if Turabah

S

Salt wedge penetrates inland water

Normal level of tidal range

Inselbergs are dotted over a wide area of the Najd Plateau. These resistant remnants of the ancient basement rock are left standing when the softer weathered rock has been worn away.

Few areas in the Arabian Peninsula have rivers flowing through them. Most are drained by ephemeral watercourses called wadis.

Crusted layer left behind

Storm surge flooding

A S U D

A plateau more than 2500 ft (760 m) high extends across much of the Arabian Peninsula. The plateau slopes eastwards from the massive, rifted escarpment along the coast of the Red Sea, to the shallow waters of the Persian Gulf. The interior is characterized by cuestas and valleys, drained by a system of wadis. A crescent of sand and gravel deserts lies to the east.

14

(Mecca) h

(Jedda)

The landscape

13

Makka

Jiddah

SOMALIA

10

12

Al Mislaí

z

el

A Socotra (to Yemen)

Rábigh

Mahd adh Dhahab

á

A

z )

R

N

j

M

Al Madínah

(Medina)

a√ rat Rah

 The fertile soils of Yemen have encouraged settlement of almost all of the land from sea level up to the mountains at 10,000 ft (3050 m). In the higher reaches elaborate terraces have been constructed to facilitate crop cultivation.

N

IS RA EL JOR P Y

EG

Y

ír

i

b

DJ I

Yanbu‘ al Ba

SOMALILAND

11

Al Íanákíyah

AL MADÍN AH

a

ncer

r

Jabal Raçwá 1814m

Bi’r al ‘Afaríyah

Íar

Tropic of Ca

Khaybar

Hadíyah

A

Umm Lajj

pasture cropland desert

am ç

a

Ba

deb

n

lÍ

Í j

R

an

e of Ad Gulf

ía

e

T

M

E N Y E M

as

ERI

TI

Wád

D

N

a S e

SUDA

U BO

74

capital cities major towns

S

Aden

Al Wajh

Badr Íunayn

O SANA

Wádí

MUSCAT

UA E

Al Ghazálah

Jizl

ABU DHABI

Í Á ’

Al ‘Ulá

al

lf OMAN Q A T A R Dubai G ulf of Oma n DOHA

záz

Bi’r al Murár

l H (

goats sheep cereals coffee dates fruit

N

N a f ú d

A n

Taymá’ Ad Dár al Ía mrá’

A

1,147,856 sq miles (2,973,720 sq km)

‘Adhfá’

TABÚK

Bi’r Abá al Qa

100

AL JAWF

í

50 people per sq mile (19 people per sq km)

90

‘a

ád

A

S AU D I A R A B I A

A

80

Ar

Sakákah

W

R

Gu

RIYADH

E

70

‘Ar‘ar

Wádí ‘

Al Jawf

Al Akhçar

á

n

Abhá

9

60

Total land area

h

Al Murayr

yq

if

ia

MANAMA

Jedda

Çubá

E

d R e

8

rán Al Muwaylií

Land use and agricultural distribution

BAHRAIN Medina

50

án

Jabal al ‘Amúd 1070m

rra

Al Qalíbah

R

rs

Pe

KUWAIT

T AI

I

T

As

Sh

Q

40

rí

Ía

Bi’r Fajr

h

A

30

◊

a ub

Tabúk

as

R

20

Al

l

I

10

A√

Al Bi’r

h Sharmah Jabal bágh Jazírat Dab 2350m Ti

rural 36%

Population density

Si

Al ‘Ísáwíyah

Al Bad‘

ba

D

AN

0

Jabal al Lawz 2580m

Ja

6

ez Su

Most of the Arabian Peninsula is unsuited to settled agriculture, making irrigation and land reclamation projects essential. The narrow coastal plain and isolated oases, commonly amounting to less than 1% of the land area, are used to cultivate grains, coffee and exotic fruits. Goats, sheep and camels are widespread throughout the region.

Al Qurayyát

Íaql

Sinai

The urban/rural population divide urban 64%

◊urayf

Al Jaráwí

of

Using the land

5

M

A N

D

R

T

P lf Gu

4

ISRAEL

Huge expanses of desert cover much of the Arabian Peninsula, limiting settlement to oases, the mountains along the Red Sea and coastal belts. The most populous area is the fertile highlands of Yemen. The Islamic faith and Arabic language give the region a cultural and religious unity, and the Saudi city of Mecca (Makkah) is Islam’s most holy place, visited by over two million pilgrims each year. More than half the world’s oil reserves are contained in this region, and the exploitation of oil and gas has brought great wealth, particularly to Saudi Arabia. Yemen and Oman are the least developed of the Arabian states, with large rural populations. Within Saudi Arabia over 86% of the people live in urban areas.

L

138

B A H R A I N , K U WA I T , O M A N , Q ATA R , S A U D I A R A B I A , U N I T E D A R A B E M I R AT E S ( U A E ) , Y E M E N

2

7

C

r

A

L

as

án

ASIA: THE AR ABIAN PENINSULA

142

in áπ

lB ía ád W d A

ia

fl u An Nu‘ayríyah mm án

Al Íamúdíyah

I

n

Al Ar√áwíyah

Wá

dí ar Rima

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h

Al Majma‘ah

(RIYADH)

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(DOHA) Umm Sa‘íd

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to

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Al

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ba

Ha (Dubai) Faq‘ Fujayrah

l

r ad

há

b

Khamir Al Luíayyah Íajja h ‘Amrán W á d í M a wr

Kamarán

El-Rahaba Jabal an Nabí Shu‘ayb 3760m

Az Zaydíyah

flAN‘Á’

(SANA)

Al Íudaydah (Hodeida) Bájil

W

ád

bí

Zabíd

d

Dhamár

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í ád

Wád

m

Ab

Ma’rib

rá d

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as S

a

b‘

W á dí Za

Jabal Thamar 2514m

A§ flurrah Lawdar Aíwar

ád íB

Wád

aná

íT

Jazírat al Íanísh al Ramádah Kabír Al Mukhá

Al Bayçá’

uba

Bab

n

Laíij

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Al Íawrá

el M

de

I

80

G u l f

dí al

N

ah

ím

Sa

s

a

A

E

Al Buzún Qishn

Masílah

a wt )

(

Ra’s Fartak

t

o f

Qa

S

n

I

Raysút

500,000 to 1 million

R

13

100,000 to 500,000

B

Ras m a r Sájir

A

1 million to 5 million

50,000 to 100,000 10,000 to 50,000

A

below 10,000

Elevation

14

3000m / 9843ft

1000m / 3281ft

 Seasonal watercourses or wadis drain much of the interior of the Arabian Peninsula. Although they remain dry for much of the year, they are prone to flash floods after heavy rains.

‘Irqah

A

A

2000m / 6562ft

Íarrah

As Sufál

d

bb

al at

Nishtún

Burúm

Balíáf

J a bhyút

Map key

Sayíút

a m a u Ash Shiír ç r a m Ar Riyán Í aH a d h r Al Mukallá

Shuqrah

an

DJ

UTI

Al Khuraybah

Zinjibár

(Aden)

Wá

Layjún

Al Maghárím Al Farçah

Khormaksar Ash Shaykh ‘Uthmán Madínat ash Sha‘b ‘Adan At Turbah

b

Qabr Húd Say ’ún

Íawrá’ Al Hajarayn

Ni§áb

Radá’

W

Ta‘izz Qa‘√abah Ta‘izz

Tarím Shibám

Shabwah

YEMEN

Yarím Ibb

at

Damqawt

Al Ghayçah

Fughmah

Íásik Qamar a l ‘Uyhún ◊áqaJha b a l S a Sadí l a flalála Arzát Mirbá√

Rak

W ád í al Jiz‘

Zamakh

í al Ju frah

rú

Al Mahrah

W

N

míá

akh

íM

ar at

Minwakh

ah

Bi’r Jif‘íyah

Al Íudaydah

BO

tD

Íúth

‘Abs

Jazírat Jabal Zuqar

ay’ a§ fl

la

lM

A

yah M

r

500m / 1640ft

15

250m / 820ft 100m / 328ft sea level 16

e n

Suqu√rá

síyah (Socotra) Qalan Hadíboh (to Yemen)

Scale 1:7,500,000 Km

0

‘Abd al Kúrí

Al Ikhwán Stéroh

0

25

Miles

50 25

100 50

150 100

200

250 150

200

250

17

projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

A

Mídí

dí

Wuday‘ah

u

Wá

m

Íabarút

Thamúd

W

yw

Ra

fla‘dah

í ‘A

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Íisá’ al Lahí

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ah

flabyá

n

hám

Sharúrah

ay

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Najrán

JÍZ ÁN

á

f ± u

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N A J R Á N

Khamís Mushay√

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Al

u

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As

s

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án

H ASH SHARQÍYA

qq

Ja

n

Ar

Abhá

ç

Al

A

ba

Laylá

‘A S Í R

Jabal Sawdá’ 3133m

B

Mi ír á

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l ◊ u

A R A B I A

‘Urúq al Mawárid

Tathlíth

lf of Oman

abb ydán Kh raymí Majís fluíár z al Kubrá As Salwá awr al ‘Udayd (ABU DHAB SuAlwaBad Maji í‘ah Al Bu Kh Dalmá al ú Saíam ábúrah Ab A Al Buraymí Mafraq l Al ‘Udayd flír Baní Yás Abyaç Al Kh Suwayq yn Bá ‘A Cancer Al yah n b‘í As Al ‘Ay Aç Ça ‘ah Tropic of √in í Al Ma§na ays Ar Ruw eb Ma√ra ah íf Se t nah ◊ar ±an a≠ r l ∏ f s Jaba A f a stáq As Síb id Ruwí MASQAT) Al Qábil T r u c i a l C o A√ ◊a db nk a l Ar Ru Ghuwayfát (MUSC Baynúnah h iÇa G h a r b Bi Bawshar í hmar Al Badí‘ah ra ag í D áb Ghayathi Íabshán Kh Bú h askin í M ám Awáb Jabal ash Sh Al Íamrá l Í a j a r a s h i r Al Ma’zim d m 80 29 rí S á A ‘Ib ◊íwí Bahlá’ Ibrá L í w á an flúr Ra’s al Íadd Kubárah flamad wá W iz N Qalamat Nadqán kí ád W anaí Iz M í d lá Bi a h l Ba bí l Kámil Íasan ‘Aráda √ í á ’ A Bílád Baní Bú í Al Muçay l Al Khírán Sabkhat Umm az Zumú s Suway lí m Mu§alla A da A √fah t Shu í Bú ‘A Ramla Ma√√í Qalamat Bílád Ban ahíbah W l kharah Á sh s A Al Umm A dan aryán Al Ki ◊awí al Í m ím h Sa Ji Ra’s al bs Al ‘Ubaylah Sharkh ah áb Al ‘Ubaylah Gh Al Qalamat Íamárír Ghalat al Kidan ays Ra’s ar Ruw Dawwah Filim Qalamat a√ ◊awíl Ru∞á∞ Umm ar Ma∞írah f Jazírat lú Kha Kalbán Qalamat ar Al Kursú‘ Ghadan Khalíj Qalamat Rakbah Ma§írah awr Ál Juíaysh Kh ák Hamídán ib Surayr uqm t Í D l a Haymá’ m ’iz a já ‘A Al R Al ‘Ajá’iz Qalamat Fáris s il‘ 11 Ra’s aç Ç l Íarásí Mughshin Jiddat a h wára Ja W Al h ka d ra á Ra’s Mad s a Khádhil F a Dawíat t a h ira flawq Wá√if m l R a Ghánah Al Lakbí Dawkah flawqirah Íayt m al 12 Shalím í Um Sharbatát bithát Wád Ras Shar Ash Shi§ar Fadhí h Shu‘aymíya Juzur al Qafa Khalíj al Sanáw Hi§á’ Hathút Íaláníyát Population Íaçbaram Íaláníyát Thamarít Shiían

Gh

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B i y á ç

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Kumzár Al Kha§ab Rams

ha

a

Daw

5

nd ám

Qal ‘at Bíshah

th

í ad

capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

í ‘A

Wád

i

4

SOMALIA

ád

n

Socotra (to Yemen)

n

±á

dí

Bí

h sha

e o f Ad

a

Ar Rawçah

e

al

K A H

am

P

Al Khurmah

lH

n

S A U D I

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A

DJ I

ai

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U N IT E D A R A E M IR A T E S

A

a

R I Y Á Ç

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á’

i

A R

Íalabán

Al Kharj

Al Quwayíyah

Ar Ruwayçah

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cement chemicals iron & steel oil oil refining food processing

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Peninsula mah Ra’s al Khay Dibá al Íi§n ayn án Umm al Qa’syw ah Khawr Fakk Ra al Khaym áriqahriqah‘Ajmán Adh Dhayd h Ash Sh Al Fujayra aláíah Shá (Sharjah) Ash Dubayy Khatmat al M

Ad Dawíah

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Al Mukalla

AN

Major industry and infrastructure

Al

King Khalid

SANA

A

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in hra

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Gulf

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AL MANÁMAH A≠ ±ahrán (Dhahran) Al Khubar (MANAMA)

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Buraydah

E N Y E M

M

SOMALILAND

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Al Jubayl Ra’s Tannúrah

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Gulf of O m an MUSCAT

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el

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s

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UAE

S AU D I A R A B I A

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Ba

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Al Khírán

1

T AI

BAHRAIN OMAN Ad Damman MANAMA Q A T A R

E

Al Aímadí

Q

Al Jubayl

Internal surface transport is poorly developed across the peninsula. Along the coast, commercial routes have developed, but connections between bordering states rely on major airports.

Al Fuíayííl

Al Wafrá’ ah ib

A

KUWAIT

R

Jazírat Búbíyan AIúT Kuwayt W J n al Faylakah UAl Jahrá’ AL KUWAYT (KUWAIT) K As Sálimí Al Kuwayt

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IT

AL ÍUD ÚD ASH SHA MÁ LÍY AH

I

T

673 miles (1083 km)

670 miles (1078 km)

AN

ER

44,832 miles (72,159 km)

D

Y

a S e

Q

X

P G

The extraction and refining of oil and gas are the major industrial activities in the Arabian Peninsula. The region also has an active construction sector, with many Arab cities reflecting the wealth generated by the oil industry. The service sector is dominated by financial and technical institutions, which, like the construction sector, mainly serve the oil industry. Traditional handicrafts such as carpet-weaving are found in rural areas. The transport network

Rafíah

‘Uqlat a§ fluqúr

W

Transport and industry

Al Qash‘áníyah Ar Rawçatayn

bah

V

N

Lab

U

SUDA

Al

A

T

d R e

R

Ar Rúthíyah

S

 Saudi Arabia contains the world’s largest oil reserves, lying mainly along the Persian Gulf coast. Each day the region produces around 10 million barrels of oil. Here, in the desert, excess oil is being burnt off.

138

I

R

IS RA EL JOR

Q

P

P

Y

O

EG

N

SO

L MA

I

X

Y

Z

141

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

K u r d i s t a n

míy

Hashtrúd

eh

Míáneh

Marágheh

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Zanján

Q ez e

l O wz an

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R

ú

Tákestán

Bíjár

h

Áb Garm Ávaj

Páveh Qa§r-e Shírín

Sar-e Pol-e °a há

b

ír vá

Kermánsháh

Sonqor

Darreh Shahr

ÍLÁ M

MARKAZÍ Khomeyn Dow Rúd Alígúdarz Golpáyegán Kúh-e

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Rúd

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Q

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Shúsh

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Daryácheh-ye Sadd-e Dez

Dehlorán

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Dominated by a vast, semi-arid interior plateau, most of Iran lies above 1640 ft (500 m). The region is poorly drained with many of its basins remaining dry for months at a time.

Arák

y

Qolleh-ye Damavand

Borújerd

-

Caspian Sea

Nahávand ◊úreh

LORESTÁN Khorramábád

Amírábád Mehrán

Tafresh

Maláyer Áshtíán

á

H

Eslámábád-e-G harb

m Marine sediments from deep beneath the ancient Tethys Sea have been uplifted to form the Elburz Mountains, which stretch along the shores of the Caspian Sea, northern Iran.

Qareh Cháy

Kangávar Túysarkán

KERMÁNSHÁ Ílám

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(Bákhtarán)

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Qorveh

h

m Qolleh-ye Damavand in the Elburz Mountains is a composite volcano. It comprises layers of lava and pyroclasts – fragmentary rocks which accumulate on the slopes of the volcano after being ejected into the air.

Sanandaj

eS

há e h - y n

e

Abhar

Qeydár

Dívándarreh

KO R D ES T Á N

R údk

R

QA Z V Í N Sol√áníyeh Z A N J Á N Qazvín

Maríván

Lava flow layers

Ástáneh

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K

Búkán

Saqqez

Lava flow

Bandar-e Anzalí

Khalkhál

Rasht

Á ° A R B Á Yhábád JÁN-E GHA RBÍ

138

a

Qe Fowman Láhíján ze Langarúd wz G Í L Á N an

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Ma

tains

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Á °A RB Á YJ Á N -E SH A RQ Í Bonáb

C

oun

Tabríz

Kúh-e Íájí Ebráhím 3600m Naqadeh

Píránshahr

M sh Í L li A B A R D

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T U R K E Y

IA

Orúmíyeh

Ta

Kuhhá-ye Sabalán Ahar 4811m

Bostánábád

Orú

8

flúfíán

A

Iran’s two mountain chains, the Zagros and Elburz, were uplifted at the same time as the Alps in Europe, when the African Plate collided with the Eurasian Plate.

Lava and ash from previous volcanic activity covers a 200 mile (320 km) stretch from the border with Azerbaijan to the Caspian Sea.

Qúshchí

R

7

Salmás

e h - ye

6

Zonúz

I

The land rises steeply from the fragmented coastal lowlands bordering the Persian Gulf, to reach Iran’s interior plateau, bounded by heavily-eroded mountain chains. An unstable plate boundary runs northwest to southeast across Iran causing frequent earthquakes. On the sandy west coast of the Persian Gulf, the relief is generally flat, with patches of salt marsh. Bahrain consists of two groups of islands, which are mostly small and rocky.

5

as Ar

Marand

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The landscape

Pyroclastic layers

AN

Khvoy

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4

IJ

M

A Z E R BA I JA N

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D ar y á ch

The discovery of oil in the Persian Gulf in the 1930s brought great wealth to the surrounding states. The revenue was largely used to modernize industry and infrastructure, initiating great social change in these formerly agrarian countries. Today, over 90% of the people in the Gulf states live in urban areas, and foreign nationals make up a sizeable proportion of the population in Kuwait, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. The importance of control of the oil reserves has led to a number of territorial disputes, including most recently the Iran–Iraq War (1980-88) and the First Gulf War (1991). Islam is practised almost exclusively throughout the region and two distinct strands are found; Sunni Muslims in Qatar, Kuwait and UAE, and Shi’a Muslims in Iran and Bahrain. In 1979 Iran became the world’s largest theocracy.

E

ER

B A H R A I N , I R A N , K U WA I T , Q ATA R , U N I T E D A R A B E M I R AT E S ( U A E )

136

AZ

136

M

BA

Iran & the Gulf states

1

AR

H

S e úd fíd e

ASIA

g

r

Ízeh

KHÚZESTÁN

9

Rámhormoz

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10

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Al Khírán

 The Dasht-e Lut covers a large portion of eastern Iran with its dry, wind-eroded plain of scattered sandstone pillars and salty depressions. During the summer, temperatures soar, making it one of the world’s hottest, driest places.

Numerous islands lie along the southern coast of the Persian Gulf. Some of these are salt domes, created when less dense salts were displaced and forced up to the surface by denser, overlying strata.

Using the land and sea

 All of the Gulf states have commercial fishing fleets. Before the discovery of oil, fishing was the region’s leading industry.

Bahrain

AL MANÁMAH (MANAMA)

lf o

A

IA

U.A.E.

B

goats sheep cereals citrus fruits cotton dates fishing timber

lf of O man

OMAN

C

D

E

capital cities major towns

0

pasture cropland forest desert wetland

F

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Population density

Total land area

112 people per sq mile (43 people per sq km)

642,883 sq miles (1,665,500 sq km)

G

 The Kuwait Towers in the centre of Kuwait are symbols of the vast wealth oil has brought to the country. Before 1960, the city had only one main street and was surrounded by a mud wall.

rural 35%

H

90

100

I

J

K

L

A

R

ABU DHABI

ain

A

B

Gu

urban 65%

R

I

QATAR

DOHA

The urban/rural population divide

Land use and agricultural distribution

K I S TA N

UD

MANAMA

17

A

Bandar-e ‘Abbas

A

PA

r

SA

an Gu BAHR AIN lf

S TA N

Pe

si

ahr

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Q

Shiraz

16

fB

GH

A

Kerman

Abadan

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I

Along the coast of the Caspian Sea, desalinated water allows fruits and vegetables to be produced, although water shortages Mashhad and desert soils still limit farming. Sheep are the most important livestock raised in Iran and commercial forests cover the northwest of the country. Shrimp stocks were decimated by pollution during the Gulf War, but fishing remains important for domestic and export markets. AF

R

IRAN Esfahan

KUWAI T KUWAIT

142

(KUWA IT) Al Fuíayííl

D

TURKMENIST AN

TEHRAN

I

15

AL KUWAYT

U

N

Caspian Sea

Al Kuwayt

Al Aímadí

A

IA

AZERBA IJA

Tabriz

Jún al Kuwayt Faylakah

Al Jahrá’

S

ARM EN

14

The oilfields of the Persian Gulf are formed from marine shale deposits lying in sedimentary basins at the margins of the Zagros Mountains.

re h

K U W A IT Jazírat Búbíyán A§ flubayííyah

Prolific springs tapping artesian water make cultivation possible across the north of Bahrain’s main island. This provides a sharp contrast to the sandy plains in the south and west.

13

oh

Ar Rawçatayn

Al Wafrá’

Autumn winds blowing across the Persian Gulf can reach speeds of up to 95 mph (150 kmph) causing severe storms, squalls and waterspouts.

eZ

rs

12

d-

√ in

As Sálimí

The Dasht-e Lut

Rú

Bandar-e Máhshahr

Pe

The fierce Shamal wind affects much of this region. Every summer it blows dust south from the flood plains of the Tigris and Euphrates, reducing visibility to such an extent that Kuwait International Airport is frequently forced to close.

Bá

Ághá Járí

Behbahán

b

Al Qash‘áníyah

11

KOHGÍL BOWYER

Tropic of Cancer

M

A S I A : I R A N & T H E G U L F S TAT E S N

O

P

Q

R

S

 Many volcanoes lie in Iran’s 1200 mile (1930 km) volcanic belt, including the country’s highest peak, the now-extinct Qolleh-ye Damavand at 18,600 ft (5671 m).

s p i a n

T

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V

At r

Maráveh Tappeh

d- e

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N

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a√√í

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Al ‘Ayn

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o f

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Al Buraymí

3000m / 9843ft

kel

2000m / 6562ft

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ang

500m / 1640ft 250m / 820ft 100m / 328ft

Rásk

lúp

sea level

e Sí

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Báhú Kalát

15

Chábahár

148

16

Scale 1:5,500,000 Km

0

10

Miles

40 20

60 40

80

100

120 140

160

60

80

100

180

200 120

140

160

180

200

17

projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

ir

r Tropic of Cance

ásh

4000m / 13,124ft

Píshín

0 10 20

O M A N

Saráván M

Elevation

n

Níkshahr

◊

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below 10,000

1000m / 3281ft

a

r

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10,000 to 50,000

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k

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50,000 to 100,000

ád

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únah Íabshán B a y n Ghayathi

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kha S ab

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100,000 to 500,000

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há

a

A

l

uk

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Khawr Fakkán (Sharjah) Adh Dhayd Dubayy Al Fujayrah Dubayy Haba Al Fujayrah (Dubai) Kha√mat al Maláíah st

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Ra’s al Khaymah Umm al Qaywayn Ra‘s al Khaymah

Ash Sháriqah

m

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ait Str

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(DOHA) Ad Dawíah

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K

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Ar Ruways

Al Jumaylíyah

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Ta

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Bandar-e ‘Abbásb Bandar-e Khamír

Kúh-e Taftán 4042m

I

N

b

Bandar-e Nakhílú Jazíreh-ye Láván Rostáq Jazíreh-ye Hendorábí

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500,000 to 1 million

A

í

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T

h

Bastak

1 million to 5 million

S

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h-

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Hámún-e Jaz Múríán

9

above 5 million

Mírjáveh

Halíl Rú d

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HO RM OZG ÁN

562 miles (904 km)

10

PA

e

lf

Gávbandí

Qo√bábád

3822 miles (6151 km)

Population

h-

u

S

Lár

Kahnúj

e

MoíammadábádRígán

l B ár ez

884 miles (1423 km)

Major towns and neighbouring countries are linked by adequate road networks, although rural areas are less well served. Bahrain is linked to the mainland by a 15 mile (25 km) long causeway.

Kú

Evaz

e

bá

63,543 miles (102,274 km)

nd

R

-

Rúd -e Kúl

ú

h

Je

8

a Helm

H

G

Bandar-e Dayyer Bandar-e Kangán

e

Íájjíábád Gahkom

Íájjíábád Doborjí Áb Bárík (Fúrg)

and

Fahraj

7

capital city major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

The transport network

- ye

K

Bord Khún

-e M

Dárzín Bam

Jíroft (Sabzvárán)

Qal‘eh Bíábán

Kahúrak

6

OMAN

carpet manufacture chemicals finance food processing oil oil refining textiles

r yá

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Qa√rúyeh Dáráb

Qo√bábád

K

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Khvormúj

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Kúh-e Hazárán 4420m

Neyríz

Fírúzábád

Golbáf

Dubai G u

ABU DHABI

Major industry and infrastructure

Da

Ú

Ahram

Máhán Zeynalábád

Sírján Daryácheh-ye Bakhtegán

E§√ahbán Fasá

Bandar-e Búshehr Jowkán

Bághín

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Daryácheh-ye ◊ashk

Sarvestán

dá

hú ír S ye P

eh ell

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Borázján

ah

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Sh

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Kúh-e Dínár 4432m

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Kermanshah

A N S T N I H A A F G

Qom QOM

Bá

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Sáveh

Kashaf Rúd

Kuhhá-ye

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S E M N Á N

TEHR ÁN

TURKMENIST AN Mashhad

Sheshtamad

Kúh-e Sorkh

Caspian Sea Rasht

Tabriz

R

o te lb hQolleh-ye Damávand A ye ALBORZ 5671m ye Mehrabad (E K ú h h á - ns) Karaj lburz Mountai TEHRÁN Semnán Parandak

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1

Both onshore and offshore oil reserves are exploited throughout the region. Kuwait not only extracts but also refines 80% of its oil. Bahrain has diversified its economy to become the main commercial and financial centre in the Persian Gulf. Iran produces a wide range of products: textile mills are widespread and carpet-weaving is an important export industry. IA

GOLEST ÁN

Y

Transport and industry

T U R K M E N I K S T o p p A e h

S e a

X

 Extensive oil and gas exploitation in the Gulf region has allowed the economic transformation of the Gulf states. Consequently, many of these states have a hugely improved per capita income compared to the 1960’s.

146

ak Chát

W

Y

Z

143

ASIA

Land use and agricultural distribution Ural’sk

Atyrau

Zhezkazgan

3000m / 9843ft

100m / 328ft

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C

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Space Launching

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 The nomadic peoples who moved their herds around the steppe grasslands are now largely settled, although echoes of their traditional lifestyle, in particular their superb riding skills, remain.

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The single most important industry in Kazakhstan is mining, based around extensive oil deposits near the Caspian Sea, the world’s largest chromium mine, and vast reserves of iron ore. Recent foreign investment has helped to develop industries including food processing and steel manufacture, and to F E D E R A N expand the exploitation of mineral I A Petropavlovsk T S S I U resources. The Russian space O R Pavlodar N programme is still based at Rudnyy Ural’sk ASTANA Ust’-Kamenogorsk Baykonyr, near Kyzylorda in Semipalatinsk Temirtau Aktobe Karagandy central Kazakhstan.

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The rearing of large herds of sheep and goats on the steppe grasslands forms the core of Kazakh agriculture. Arable cultivation and cotton-growing in pasture and desert areas was encouraged during the Soviet era, but relative yields are low. The heavy use of fertilizers and the diversion of natural water sources for irrigation has degraded much of the land.

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Using the land and sea

Abundant natural resources lie in the immense steppe grasslands, deserts and central plateau of the former Soviet republic of Kazakhstan. An intensive programme of industrial and agricultural development to exploit these resources during the Soviet era resulted in catastrophic industrial pollution, including fallout from nuclear testing and the shrinkage of the Aral Sea. Since independence, the government has encouraged foreign investment and liberalized the economy to promote growth. The adoption of Kazakh as the national language is intended to encourage a new sense of national identity in a state where living conditions for the majority remain harsh, both in cramped urban centres and impoverished rural areas.

3

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A S I A : K A Z A K H S TA N N

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The landscape

1996

T

The Caspian Sea is the largest body of inland water in the world.

Stretching more than 1250 miles (2000 km) from the Caspian Sea in the west to China in the east, more than 40% of Kazakhstan is covered by steppe grasslands which give way to barren desert in the south. The land rises eastwards towards the mineralrich central plateau, to form the Altai Mountains. 1960

S

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The desert of Peski Bol’shiye Barsuki is mainly sandy, displaying a number of classic dune formations. Groundwater supports a small amount of vegetation.

W

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 The Altai Mountains lie on Kazakhstan’s eastern borders with China and the Russian Federation. Cold and largely barren, they are the source of many of the rivers which flow across the steppe.

A large number of salt lakes fill depressions in the rolling uplands of central Kazakhstan.

1

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2010 3

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 Immense stretches of steppe grasslands characterize much of the Kazakh landscape. These lowland areas have been used for arable cultivation in recent years, although problems with irrigation have meant that much of the land is being allowed to revert to its natural vegetation and pastoral usage.

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SEVERNYY KAZ AK H ST A N

Troyebratskiy Nikolayevka

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The central Kazakh Uplands (Kazakhskiy Melkosopochnik) contain much of the country’s mineral riches. The landscape is largely flat with occasional rocky outcrops and hillocks.

The waters of Lake Balkhash (Ozero Balkhash), unlike those of the Aral Sea, are still able to support a fishing industry.

a

T

Mamlyutka Bulayevo

Sergeyevka Borovskoye Timiryazevo

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Its waters taken for industry and irrigation, the Syr Darya, one of Kazakhstan’s major rivers, now barely reaches the Aral Sea which it used to fill. Like many Kazakh rivers it has been heavily polluted with chemicals and its flow has been restricted by up to 60%.

122

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m Since 1960, the Aral Sea has shrunk by 90%, become extremely saline, and lost all but five of its once-abundant fish species. Factors in this ecological disaster include the excessive use of fertilizers, defoliants and the diversion of its main source rivers for the irrigation of desert lands.

V

W

X

Y

17

Z

145

ASIA C

D

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F

G

H

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Central Asia

1 million to 5 million

K Y R G Y Z S TA N , TA J I K I S TA N , T U R K M E N I S TA N , U Z B E K I S TA N

500,000 to 1 million

The four republics that declared independence in 1991 were created in the early years of the Soviet Union, promoting ethnic divisions in a region whose common focus, since the 8th century, has been Islam. Traditional rural and nomadic ways of life have survived the Soviet era, while the benefits of modern industry and grand irrigation schemes have resulted in severe pollution in the delicate, arid environment of the steppe, particularly in Uzbekistan. Many ethnic minority groups are scattered among the four republics, with isolated communities in the mountains of Kyrgyzstan. Aral The current Islamic revival has brought hope Sea of greater regional unity, in spite of Ostrov Vozrozhdeniya religious factionalism which, in 1992, Qoraqalpog‘i ston plunged Tajikistan into civil war.

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146

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4773 miles (7683 km)

1180 miles (1900 km)

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148

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Nukus

capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

17

A

Aral Sea

esk G a r a g u m y P

The Kara Kum Canal (Garagumskiy Kanal) runs for 870 miles (1400 km) from the Amu Darya river to the Caspian Sea. The canal is principally used for irrigation but is navigable for 280 miles (450 km).

K

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The transport network

AN

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carpet weaving chemicals engineering food processing oil & gas textiles

16

T

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BUXORO VILOYATI Gazli

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Major industry and infrastructure

Birata

C H I N

15

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m

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Fossil fuels are extracted and processed in all four states, with scope for further exploitation. Agriculture provides raw materials for many industries, including food and textiles processing, and the manufacture of leather goods, clothing and carpets. Farm machinery is also produced.

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u

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Og‘iyon Sho‘rxogi

K

4000m / 13,124ft

250m / 820ft

Jasliq

v a l

6000m / 19,686ft

144

ar

7

m The southern shoreline of the Aral Sea has retreated over 30 miles (48 km) since 1960. A major cause is the diversion of water from the Amu Darya river for irrigation via the Kara Kum Canal (Garagum Kanaly).

o

U

Elevation

L

6

below 10,000

A

Ust yur t

 The desert of the Kara Kum (Garagum) occupies over 70% of Turkmenistan; its wind-scoured surface of dune ridges and depressions severely limits human settlement.

10,000 to 50,000

K

5

100,000 to 500,000

ya

4

Population

Amu

2

Map key

K A Z A K H S T A N

1

M

shi Ka

B

Q ar

A

L

M

ASIA: CENTR AL ASIA N

O

P

Q

R

S

The landscape The great Tien Shan and Pamir ranges meet in a succession of high mountain chains. These mountains encircle the fertile Fergana Valley and reach west into the desert of the Kyzyl Kum, dividing the Syr Darya and Amu Darya rivers. Sandy steppeland extends to the shores of the Caspian Sea, with the desert of the Kara Kum (Garagum) in the south. The Amu Darya drains into the Aral Sea in the north.

T

U

V

W

Shock waves travel through ground

The Amu Darya is the only river in Central Asia with a sufficient volume of water to cross the desert of the Kara Kum (Garagum) from the Pamirs to the Aral Sea, where it forms a delta largely vegetated by scrub grasses.

X

Y

 Bare mountains provide a stark background to the croplands along the Naryn river in Kyrgyzstan. Irrigation is essential for cultivation in this dry region.

Epicentre

Fault

m In the heavily-fractured and faulted mountain region, earthquakes are common, caused by the sudden release of tension along active fault lines.

Naryn river

Earthquake zone Syr Darya

Tien Shan

Some of the world’s largest deposits of marine salts are found in Garabogaz Aylagy. This shallow, saline gulf has an average depth of only 33 ft (10 m), and a very high evaporation rate, producing the salty deposits.

Km

0 10 20

Miles

m The Tien Shan extend from China in the east, reaching heights over 24,420 ft (7443 m) and branching into many parallel ranges in the west.

Qarokul

40 20

60

80

100

 Nestling high in the Pamir range, and fed by glacial meltwater, Qarokul is the largest of the lakes in this region.

120 80

60

40

5

Mount Communism (Qullai Kommunizm), in the northern Pamirs, was so named for being the highest point in the former Soviet Union, rising to 24,590 ft (7495 m).

A series of major rock faults has created the Fergana Valley, a deep depression surrounded by high mountains. Water from the Syr Darya river and from underground sources supports intensive agriculture, despite minimal rainfall.

Scale 1:4,250,000

0

3

4

The Kara Kum (Garagum) is one of the world’s largest expanses of sand. Wind action has created a terrain of shifting, crescent-shaped sand dunes known as barchans.

10

2

Ozero Issyk-Kul’ lies at an altitude of 5193 ft (1584 m). The lake remains ice-free throughout the year, due to the slight salinity of the water.

Kyzyl Kum

Salt marshes fill many of the depressions in the Ustyurt Plateau, a barren, rocky tableland about 650 ft (200 m) above sea level.

1

144

120

100

projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

K

A

Z

A

K

H

Maimak

A N T S

Ch

u Bishkek

Kaindy

Pokrovka Kyzyl-Adyr Klyuchevka Talas

Tomok

BISHKEK

Chuy

Kemin

skiy ’ Bordun

ST Kir YSKAYA OBLA g h i zCHU e g R n a Chu Chat-Bazar Kochkorka

Talas

inpol’

Kant

Sokuluk

Kara-Balta

A gei n K uChok-Tal Ak-Tyuz

K h r e b Len e t Ta l a s s k i y A l a t a u Gora Manas 4482m t e TALASSKAYA reb Kh k al t y a OBLAeST’ Toktogul Ch ski

Tunuk Suusamyr

Cholpon

Balykchy

la

Ta

u

a Grigor’yevk a Cholpon-At

O z e ro

l Ku k Is s y

Kadzhi-Say Orto-Tokoy Kyzyl-Tuu

Khrebe

t Te r s k e

y-Suu Kuturgu Tald n Dzhergalavka Tyup seno Novovozne

’

Karakol

Tyugel’-Say

Sary-Bulak

Bur k

Kara-Say

an

y -Dz ha z

h

S

S T A Nn Z Y G e K Y R A OBLAST ’ ARYNSKAY Chayek

S ar

L’SKAYA ISSYK-KUAST’ OBL Ak-Terek o o Enil’chek Barskoon T a y Al Kyzyl-Suu

Ak-Shyyra

Pik Pobedy 7443m

k

Yshtyk

Bedel Pass

om

i sk

i

T Th a a l -

y

k

s

TOSHKENT

K

ya ar

C

P

ri Sa

N

oz

k

ng

Q Ha ator zra kû ti s h

ta

o

Kofarnihon Qator k O q t o gû h i h Vak h sh

A

N

S

A

0

10

20

Sea

40

50

60

70

80

Population density

Total land area

88 people per sq mile (34 people per sq km)

492,961 sq miles (1,277,100 sq km)

P

Q

R

S

T

90

100

S

N

A

T

BISHKEK

KYRGYZSTAN Khujand

TURKMENISTAN AfiGABAT I R A

U

H

TASHKENT

Samarqand Türkmenabat

16

V

N

W

Farg‘ona

TAJIKISTAN DUSHANBE

A

O

K

A

rural 64%

30

A

Urganch

Caspian

urban 36%

Z

UZBEKISTAN

The urban/rural population divide  Plentiful sunshine, rich soils and massive irrigation schemes have made Uzbekistan the world’s fifth largest cotton producer, although water shortages now prevent any further expansion of irrigated land.

15

H

AK

KI

A ST

KAZ

N

A

T

PA

N

14

s

kûhi Qator Ishkoshim

S

13

N

i

e

Su rx

ol Ra n

12

r

u Am

I

Using the land

H

u

She r ob

m

11

g

Va k

hs

DUSHAN

N

10

I

T aA T A JBE I K I S

A

N

R a n g e

a i A l

Samarqand

9

H

C

Farg‘ona

A

I

o

Namangan

a

F

G

N I S T A N H A

X

PA

Y

KI

C H I N

N

Korgon-Dëbë

u

4741m Toktog ul’skoy Nar y n Karakol o l d o - To o e e Nar yn Vodokhranilishch bet M e ng r h n a K N Këk-Dzhar r y Kara-Kul’ R Naryn Na l Dostuk DSKAYA F e r Kulanak ka Ug yut LAL-ABA n k-Say HA Iskandar ma Tere DZ zar t Ka yr o ga Chirchiq Tash-Kum Bayetov Ala-Buka G‘azalkent ha ’ At-Bashy OBLASTu-S n C Maylu uu sk bë Dë oy shons Ko Chatyr-Ty ash KENT Kos -Tash TOSH Sumsar Këk i NT) sh d HKE -Ta ak (TAS Yangiobo sa Gora Ak Kok-Yang Toshkent Uchqo‘rg‘on Ak 8m 471 K AN Yangiyo‘l hiq VILOYATI MANG ren yg yr NA d Ang ba k-A -A Kë lal ha h c Karadar'ya Dz Ozero To‘ytepa Chust ir re Ch garon e Uzgen b e Chaty r-Kël’ Karool-Dëbë VILOYATIa l l e y Andijon Chinoz ngaron Ohan Ay d a r k o ‘ l K Darvoza g Sar y-Bulak t Dar y Va D I J O N V I L OYAT I n ha r Pop o‘ li a O y N O ha A ss S Sy yR Kara-Kul’dz Turugart Pa Sirdaryo an a r D Olmaliq Shahrixon Taldy-Suu Osh Tal 3752m ma Adrasmon Fe r g Asaka a l r -Ta Oy FARG‘ONA Marg‘ilon JIZZAX Gagarin Nur Ku Taboshar Bek-Dzhar ota Do‘stlik Forish Qo‘qon Tiz Gul’cha Këk-Art Guliston Bûston Obanbori Yangiqishloq ma I 156 AT ariq OY Besh VIL kat Noo si Qayroqqum SIRDARYO Yangiyer Oq Quvasoy Kyzyl-Kiya VILOYATI Khujand T’ Konibodom tov AS BL ATI O VILOY A AY Paxtakor qqum Tizm Qayro il OSHSK Sopu-Korgon a si Qo‘shrabot Qo‘ytosh Jizzax Frunze Wod Isfara Xovos Bekobod Ghafurov Gora Sugut Batken Yordon Nov 4697m ) Shûrob tan So‘x ekis Uzb (to Savat G‘allaorol Zarbdor Ishtixon kûh Ghonchí Sulyukta Chor kan an) Khaydar (to Tajikist Chelak Vorukh (to Uzbekistan) Sar y-Tash Zomin Ûroteppa Ravat Kattaqo‘rg‘on Isfana Irkeshtam Kara-Kabak kh o ’ S t ST LA OB SAMARQAND Bulung‘ur A AY ebe SK n ton rgo EN Shahris h -Ko BATK e Daroot K r Juma y i k Tu r k e s t a n R a n g ays k u Karamy Z a a l Urmetan VILOYATI av -Su Lenin Peak Ayní Anzob Pastigshan zyl Jayilgan Urgut y K v Panjakent 7134m Z e ra Rarz n Warganza su tol o Qarokûl h h Jirga s g f a u r a M Qarokûl Z i h û k r b o t oní n o a Pildo Q Qullai Ismoili Som QADARYO Surkh Zarafshon obod m e Tojik 7495 Cropland outside Kyrgyzstan is Kitob bod Gharm a n gKomsomoloNavo LOYATI Shahrisabz bod sar R in go v s i G h restricted to irrigated areas such as the K Yakkabog‘ Rangkûl Pichandar Fergana Valley. Central Asia is a leading ai Qamashi rm Qull Obiga Tavildara o rv iya d ar y i Muzqûl Navobod ator k û hi D a Bunay Revolyuts O‘ra torkûh m global producer of cotton, and a 6974 Q Q G‘uzor Xufar Tursunzoda h Kofarnihon hi oh Hisor Ghûdara Qal’aikhum Vanj Sariosiyo Dushanbe Norak lom traditional silk-farming remains Mu r yo u rgh g ob a Dehqonobod d Kûli Sarez Yaz o Andarbogh nd tog‘ Denov MurghobOq Yovon hi Khovaling s widespread. A wide range of fruits, kû bo asi r Derbent r Boysun Qarluq o Ba B izm ûhi to Mu’minobod Obikiik Ali Qatork molí Bartang Qa Dashtijum Tûkhtamish vegetables and grains are grown and churi Shi O T n SURXONDARY Danghara o Dahana h Rûshon i Ru s Sayrob Alichur Sho‘rchi Kûlob kûh livestock raised includes horses, Qûrghonteppa Svintsovyy Rudnik ûl tor Shazud hilk Yas a Kalininobod Vose’ Q Qumqo‘rg‘on Qizilrabot ubí n a J nd i r dy goats and karakul sheep. u u elan Dzh h Moskva Vakhsh lich Magdanly VILOYATI Barsem G Shughno ûhi A Panj Sherobod Kolkhozobod hi Kakaydi n atork û k kûl r Zor rugh Kho Q to Farkhor ir Köÿtendag Qa m Angor Jarqo‘rg‘on Pa ra Land use and Dûstí k hd a o h iS agricultural distribution kûh Langar r o j t n Panji Qa Termiz Shahrtuz Pa ng Vra Poyon capital cities cattle major towns goats Da sheep m r ya Ishkoshi j pasture n cereals Pa cropland cotton AN mountain region T 148 fruit desert K

m ke Ps P Dzhany-Bazar

n

a

STAN

17

Z

147

ASIA D

E

G

H

I

J

K

Afghanistan & Pakistan

1

I

Mazar-e Sharif

N

Pakistan is highly dependent on the cotton textiles industry, although diversified manufacture is expanding around cities such as Karachi and Lahore. Afghanistan’s limited industry is based mainly on the processing of agricultural raw materials and includes traditional crafts such as carpet-making.

A

5 KABUL

Herat

Peshawar

ISLAMABAD

Rawalpindi

A

A R A B I A N

Karachi

S

8

E

capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

Herát

Harírúd

Dak

Shahrak

d

Hámún-e Púza

Zaranj

Shelle

sh

Da

t-e

Gow

d-e Ze

ryá

148

w Darwéshán Kúchnay Darwéshán

Díshú

reh

Da

Nok Kundi

sht

ágai Hills Hámún-i

Kamarod

A

há Siá

n

Ra

ng

Tagas

R

C e n t r a l Nasirábád

Kech

án k rAwá a rán M Malar

Hosháb

I

Turbat

Suntsar

Khor Kalamat

G W w e

Jíwani

Gwádar G Easwáda tB r ay

Pasni

Astola Island

Ormára

Scale 1:4,500,000 Km

I

e

Panjgúr

0 10 20

H

Dálbandín

Dasht

Fine sediments deposited on salt flats are removed by wind erosion.

G

Yakmach

-i Tá hláb Tá h lá b

Ispikán Nihing Mand

m Glacis are gentle, debris-covered slopes which lead into salt flats or deserts. They typically occur at the base of mountains in arid regions such as Afghanistan. F

Lashkar Gáh

B A L O

Bedrock

E

al

Hámún-i Máshkel

Glacis covered by coarse-grained sediment

Sediments washed down from mountains accumulate on glacis slopes

D

rgo

-ye Helmand

K2 (Mount Godwin Austen), in the Karakoram Range, is the second highest mountain in the world, at an altitude of 28,251 ft (8611 m).

The soils of the Punjab plain are nourished by enormous quantities of sediment, carried from the Himalayas by the five tributaries of the Indus river.

C

úd

T eh

Ch

Himalayas

B

eP

h-y

e Má Dasht-

N A

Now Zád

Gereshk

k

ar ád t Ba y s

17

lán

HELMAND

Some of the largest glaciers outside the polar regions are found in the Karakoram Range, including Siachen Glacier (Siachen Muztagh), which is 40 miles (72 km) long.

The Indus Delta is prone to heavy flooding and high levels of salinity. It remains a largely uncultivated wilderness area.

bdá

Sangín

NÍMRÓZ

142

Hindu Kush

The Indus Basin is part of the IndusGanges lowland, a vast depression which has been filled with layers of sediment over the last 50 million years. These deposits are estimated to be over 16,400 ft (5000 m) deep.

el A

Lora

The plains and foothills which extend from the northern slopes of the Hindu Kush are part of the great grassy steppe lands of Central Asia.

16

h-

eh e Ch

Khásh

Hunza river

Frequent earthquakes mean that mountainbuilding processes are continuing in this region, as the IndoAustralian Plate drifts northwards, colliding with the Eurasian Plate.

15

h Rúd

Dilárám

 The Hunza river rises in the northern Karakoram Range, running for 120 miles (193 km) before joining the Gilgit river.

Mountain chains running southwest from the Hindu Kush into Pakistan form a barrier to the humid winds which blow from the Indian Ocean, creating arid conditions across southern Afghanistan.

rá

Faráh

Chakhánsúr

Da

 The arid Hindu Kush makes much of Afghanistan uninhabitable, with over 50% of the land lying above 6500 ft (2000 m).

14

fíd Kúh

FARÁH

-e Dasht

The Karakoram Highway was completed after 20 years of construction in 1978. It breaches the Himalayan mountain barrier providing a commercial motor route linking lowland Pakistan and China.

11

13

-ye Se

Kú

Da sht -e Bá bú s

Hámúne fláberí

745 miles (1200 km)

Afghanistan’s topography is dominated by the mountains of the Hindu Kush, which spread south and west into numerous mountain spurs. The dry plateau of southwestern Afghanistan extends into Pakistan and the hills which overlook the great Indus Basin. In northern Pakistan the Hindu Kush, Himalayan and Karakoram ranges meet to form one of the world’s highest mountain regions.

gh

A F G H A

4852 miles (7814 km)

The landscape

ur

142

211 miles (340 km)

A

y

GHÓR

Anár Darah

96,154 miles (154,763 km)

Hyderabad

9

12

The transport network

ar

and-e

Qádis

Shín√an√

 The Karakoram Highway is one of the highest major roads in the world. It took over 24,000 workers almost 20 years to complete.

10

Namakzar

Rú

I

Sukkur

7

D N

P A K I S T A N

carpet weaving chemicals engineering finance food processing iron & steel oil & gas textiles

leh

h

I

A

lse

rá

R

I

Bahawalpur

D

Qal‘ah-ye Noá -wy e M

HERÁT

Major industry and infrastructure

Faisalabad Multan

Quetta

Se

Kúhestán Dash t-e Hamdam Áb Zindah Ján Ghóríán

Lahore

Kandahar

BÁDGHÍS

Fa

N

AFGHANISTAN

Selseleh-ye B

Kushk

A

H

FÁ

Bálá Murgháb

Towraghoudí Qarah Bágh

R

T

E

M

K

Káríz-e Elyás

Eslám Qal‘eh

I

M

N

Transport and industry

I K I S T A A J N

C

K

STA

I AN

R

I EN

EK

ST

TU

UZB

M

R

T U

146

N

4

L

 The town of Bamian lies high in the Hindu Kush west of Kabul. Between the 2nd and 5th centuries two huge statues of Buddha were carved into the nearby rock,the largest of which stood 125 ft (38 m) high. The statues were destroyed by the taliban regime in March 2001.

Pakistan was created by the partition of British India in 1947, becoming the western arm of a new Islamic state for Indian Muslims; the eastern sector, in Bengal, seceded to become the separate country of Bangladesh in 1971. Over half of Pakistan’s 158 million people live in the Punjab, at the fertile head of the great Indus Basin. The river sustains a national economy based on irrigated agriculture, including cotton for the vital textiles industry. Afghanistan, a mountainous, landlocked country, with an ancient and independent culture, has been wracked by war since 1979. Factional strife escalated into an international conflict in late 2001, as US-led troops ousted the militant and fundamentally Islamist taliban regime as part of their ‘war on terror’.

3

6

F

N

C

áb

B

Fa

A

0

40

10

20

Miles

60 40

80

100

120

140 80

60

160 100

120

140

160

projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

J

K

L

M

Íasan Khél

d

PAKTIYÁ

Dasht-e Návar

GHAZNÍ

Sharan

Zarghún Shahr

-ye

d

Qalát

Jaldak

Ta

rn

R ak

Lo

w#

Moqor

úd

S out h Wa z í r i s t á n

ah

Zh o

an ar R k á K ba

KANDAHÁR Spín Bóldak

To

Chaman

Régestán

ge

b

Zhob

Qila Saifulláh

Loralai

Quetta

Súráb

Anjíra

Jhatpat

e

Shahdád Kot

ng

Ghaibi Dero

Kambar

Lárkána

ra Ar

a na l

n a ai

shk

Ma

Hyderábád ni

kes B ay

Malír

H

A R A Karáchi B SEAIAN

Mírpur Batoro

Jhudo Tando Bágo

Karak Highworam ay

Ni ch ún

Land use and agricultural distribution

20

30

R

K

50

60

70

80

Total land area

323 people per sq mile (125 people per sq km)

549,266 sq miles (1,422,970 sq km)

UZB

pasture cropland forest mountain region desert wetland

40

M

EN

EK

AN IST

I

T

100

90

13

I K I S T A A J N H

I

Naukot

ISLAMABAD

15

Rawalpindi

Kandahar

Lahore

Quetta

P AKIS TAN

m Cotton workers in Pakistan pack huge bales of unspun cotton to be washed and processed. The cotton and textile industry is of growing economic importance, producing more than 36 million sq yards (30 million sq m) of woven cloth annually.

Mithi Islámkot

Játi

Rann of Kachchh S

N

KABUL

A

Multan

Diplo

R

10

Population density

capital cities major towns

goats sheep cereals cotton dates rice

Sháh Bandar

of Mouths the Indus

kh

I

Umarkot

Badín

Sujáwal

12

rural 67%

T

U

V

Sukkur

A R A B I A N

16

W

X

17

Karachi

S

E A

O

Mátli

Kalri Lake Gharo

Mírpur Sakro

Keti Bandar

172

N

Tando Alláhyár Tando Muhammad Digri Khán

Jhimpír Karáchi

0

Gadra

Mírpur Khás

Kotri

In du s

iá

urban 33%

N

AFGHANISTAN

al

Haw

y

s

11

The urban/rural population divide

Herat

Sánghar Sháhdádpur Ná Khipro Hála ra C Matiári an

Ba

D

e

Massive irrigation schemes and new crop strains have helped to boost Pakistan’s wheat, rice and cotton production in the last 40 years. Wheat is the chief staple of Afghanistan, where cropland is severely limited. Large revenues have been generated by the illegal export of opium poppies and cannabis. Livestock-raising is widespread in both countries.

t

r

10

Using the land

Dunga Bunga

Sháhpur Chákar

s du In

H in gol

Sonm

Páno Áqil

d

9

C

Nawábsháh

Sakrand

Hásilpur

150

Qázi Ahmad

Uthal

Miáni Hór Sonmiáni

e

m Fed on meltwater from the snows and glaciers of the Karakoram Range and the Hindu Kush, the Indus is the longest of the rivers which rise in this region. The sophisticated Indus Valley civilization flourished along its banks from 4000 bc, forming one of the world’s earliest civilizations.

AN

S I N D H

Moro

Liári

Kandrách Rás Malán

Rahímyár Khán

Khudián

tlej Minchinábá

Fort Abbás

Rájanpur

Sádiqábád

Khairpur

Naushahro Fíroz

Dádu

Kahror Pakka

Su

Baháwalpur

Alípur

Rohri

Kandiáro

b

o

Sukkur s du

Máilsi

Dunyápur Lodhrán Jalálpur Pírwála

Khánpur

Kashmor Kandh Kot Ubauro

Ráiwind

Kasúr

Baháwalnagar

Chishtián

Shujaábád

Jatoi

Búrewála

Vihári

8

Okára

i Ráv

Árifwála

Khánewál

Muzaffargarh

Jámpur

Kot Díji Ránípur

Mehar

Sehwán Manchhar Lake

Multán

Ghotki

i

b ai

Thul

sea level

ST

Kírthar R a

Ná l

Jacobábád

Samundri

Ahmadpur Siál Sáhíwál Sarái Sidhu Pákpattan Kabírwála nún Chan Mián

Khángarh

N

Jaránwála

Mithán Kot Rojhán

Shikárpur

Ha

Porál

Bela

Kot Addu

Gandáva

Johi

ál

A

Dera Bugti

i

ge

Ko lách

R

N

T

Dera Murád Tamáli

Khuzdár Nág

S

Usta Muhammad

C H I S T A N

Kamália

Taunsa

S

I

100m / 328ft

Lahore

Sharqpur

N TekJSinghA BChúnián P U Toba

r

Gídár

ng

K

Gojra

Lahore

Chak Jhumra

Jhang Sadr

a

Khárán

Kálat

Faisalábád

h

A

Chiníot

T

P

Sibi

Dádhar

Ná ra C

Nushki

In

Lo

e

Ra

hi n

Central Bráhui

r

a

Pis

Leiáh

Bárkhán

Kohlu

Bhakkar

Karor

Dera Gházi Khán

Mach Mastung

Dera Ismáíl Khán

Musá Khel

Ziárat

Koh-i Márán 3277m

Pahárpur

Mína Bázár

Pishín

250m / 820ft

Gujránwála

Tánk

u l a i m á n

Ar

Ma‘rúf

ghistán

500m / 1640ft

Jhelum Bhaun nge Khewra Dinga Ra Jalálpur Siálkot t al Gujrát l kwá Mala S Khán an Pind Dád Miánwáli Wazírábád Zafarwál Rasúlnagar Daska Khusháb Jauharábád Piplán Nárowál Sháhpur Pasrúr Mitha Tiwána Eminábád Háfizábád Kalúr Kot a oke odh Kám Sarg Núrpur Sáhíwál Pindi Bhattián Shekhúpura Darya Khán

Kuláchi

Kandahár

1000m / 3281ft

Khárián Lála Músa

I

ryá

an

PAKTÍKÁ

2000m / 6562ft

Ísa Khel Lakki

ZÁBU L Áb-e-Ístádeh-ye

3000m / 9843ft

10,000 to 50,000

N

Da

gh Ar

áb

4000m / 13,124ft

below 10,000

A

Tarín Kowt

6000m / 19,686ft

500,000 to 1 million 50,000 to 100,000

New Mírpur

Dáúd Khel

No r t h Wa z í r i s t á n

1 million to 5 million 100,000 to 500,000

Mangla Reservoir

Chakwál

Talagang

above 5 million

Kahúta

Potwar Gújar Khán Pindi Gheb Plateau

Elevation

Population

I

Band-e Kajakí

Karak Kálábágh

Bannu

URUZGÁN

Bághrán

Fatehjang

Thal

KHÓST

Map key

R

Kajrán elm H -ye ryá Uruzgán a D

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ISLÁMÁBÁD Ráwalpindi

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Ghazní

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Attock City

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Nanga Parbat 8126m

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Pesháwar

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(claimed by Ind

Saídu

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N I S T A N

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Indus

TU

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LÓGAR Barakí Barak

Tagáb

Khyber Pass 1080m

N

brum 8611m Karakoram Pa8m r a Gasher806 8m 556 Sia Rim ch e o m Muztágh nM u ztágh Ra ng e

Batgrám Baffa Daggar Mánsehra Muzaffarábád Tángi Mardán Tarbela voir Reser Chársadda Abbottábád Havelián Swábi Harípur Nowshera ree Hazro Mur Pesháwar

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Lawarai Pass 3118m

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Khunjeráb Pass 4890m

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Baroghil Pass 3777m

Khandúd

BADAKHSHÁN

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Khwájah Ghár

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156

u Da rya

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146

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BALKH KUNDUZ Balkh Mazár-e Sharíf Kunduz

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A S I A : A F G H A N I S TA N & PA K I S TA N

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146

T A N S I Qarqín

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I S T I K A J

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149

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Shekhúpura

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Demchok/Dêmqog

(Administered by China, claimed by India)

Phalodi

Nágaur

Makrána

Síkar

Jaipur

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g

L Annapurøa 8091m

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A

I

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KATHMANDU

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E

Kásganj Sháhjahánpur Butwal Etah Sítápur Bahraich Mainpuri UTTAR PRADESH Gonda Bagaha

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Alwar Bharatpur

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n

N

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156

A

í

L

A IM

A S

THIMPHU

Punakha

Bongaig

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BHUTAN

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Paro

Eastern Ghats

O

Stepped valleys or ‘traps’

Layers of volcanic basalt

ASS

Deccan plateau

DESH BANGLA

Ganges delta

Almost all of Bangladesh lies in the immense delta formed by the Ganges and the Brahmaputra which merge and flow out into the Bay of Bengal.

Di

há

ng

M

t ighá CHAL Pás ARUNÁ SH PRADE rugarh Dib

Along

ar Itánag t Jorhá r Tezpu tra u p A Mhma gaon a Na Br

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is

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m The Deccan plateau covers an area of more than 123,553 sq miles (320,000 sq km). It is formed of deep layers of volcanic basalt, reaching thicknesses of more than 9800 ft (3000 m) towards the coast. Distinctive stepped valleys cut in the basalt plateau by rivers are known as ‘traps’.

(Much of Arunáchal Pradesh is claimed by China)

156

P

The Himalayas are the highest and most extensive mountain system in the world. They were formed when the IndoAustralian Plate collided with the Eurasian Plate about 40 million years ago, thrusting up huge masses of land and creating a ‘ripple’ effect, which formed lesser mountain ranges in Tibet and Southeast Asia. Mount Everest is the world’s tallest mountain at 29,029 ft (8848 m).

Coastal deposition has formed many typical features along the western coast of Sri Lanka. These include spits and bars, sometimes enclosing lagoons.

gri Kula Kan54m 75

Kálimpang Darjiling

Mount Everest 8848m

Janakpur Dharán

osh

Y Sun K

Tribhuvan

N

N

 The Indus valley near Skardu in northern Pakistan has been partially infilled by great quantities of eroded sediment. Most of this is carried from the region’s bare slopes by swollen rivers during the spring thaw and mass movement activity.

M

Trivandrum in southern India normally receives the first of the monsoon rains, which are essential to south Asian agriculture and moderate the extreme summer heat. The monsoon then moves northwards over a period of about two months.

The Western Ghats are formed by a fault scarp which runs unbroken for more than 930 miles (1500 km). They reach their highest point at the southern Cardamom Hills.

L

Lucknow Faizábád Gorakhpur Bettiah Shiliguri Ágra Fírozábád GuwáhDáistipur RÁJASTHÁN a Motíhári Madhubani Hindaun r Etáwah Deoria Gh Kohím Morena Koch Bihá Unnáo á a Jodhpur Tánd l Gangápur g hara Siwán Darbhanga áli a Bhind rm Ni b g am Beáwar Shillon A Saidpur Tonk Gwalior Ch zaffarpur Kánpur Ráe Bareli Ázamgarh Y Rangpur Lúni Chhapra Mu Orai Páli Imphál EGHÁLA Bela rsa Púrnia M r jípur ha Sawái Mádhopur ia Há Sa pu Ball aj in Silchar D Bármer Jaunpur G r a Fatehpu r ge a n Datia Mun Patn Ára ges UR Sherpur Búndi Shivpuri am Allahábád Gházípur MANIP Bánda Mokáma Sylhet una ensingh f Bhágalpur Kota bád arí ym áná Sh M t Jah ár Jhánsi Bhílwára Bih ha G Váránasi Shirajganj Bárán B I H Á R Nawáda Rajshahi l Sasarám Dehri AgartAala Áízaw Lalitpur ya Ga Chhatarpur Nimach Rewa Son r R ti Pálanpur IZ Girídíh Baharampu e an Guna a Zi Udaipur Gándhi OR g Satna Govind Ballabh Pabna ges Siddhapur J H Á R K Hg A NDDhanbád Ásánsol AM Ságar Pant Ságar n Mandsaur Faridpur DHAKA dál tenganj Hazáríbá a An Dál i Pátan r r Ságar Mahesána Bánswára Lungle Jaora Durgápu Navadwíp Chandpu R Damoh Murwára Rámgarh Bokáro

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rt

A

K

m Rivers flowing from the Himalayas into a broad depression in northern India have formed marshes around Bharatpur. They are now a sanctuary for numerous bird species.

Bharatpur

(Administered by China, claimed by India)

(Administered by China, claimed by India)

Aksai Chin

Karakoram Pass 5508m

HIMÁCHAL i PRADESH Amritsar Hoshiárpur Lah w

Gujránwála Lahore

Kishtwár

rR a

nge

ská

Ra

K2 8611m

JAMMU & Zá K A S H M Í R

am

(Claimed by India)

156

The coast of western Pakistan is a staircase of folded rock strata caused by successive periods of rapid uplift.

The Indus river flows more than 1970 miles (3180 km) from southwestern Tibet to its mouth on the Arabian Sea. It has an estimated catchment area of 450,000 sq miles (1,165,500 sq km).

Siálkot Pathánkot

Jhelum

Ráwalpindi

J

South Asia is effectively isolated from the rest of Asia by desert along the western flank of Pakistan, and a continuous wall of mountains, dominated by the Himalayas, to the north and east. The great basins of the Indus and Ganges separate this mountain fringe from the rolling plateau of the Indian peninsula, which is bordered by a line of coastal hills, the Eastern and Western Ghats.

Srínagar

Nanga Parbat 8126m

Skardu

ISLÁMÁBÁD

enábGujrát

Islámábád

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PAKHTUNKHWcontrol) A

Gilgit

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KHYBER

ind

TA

KISTAN

146

I

The landscape

H

ore Kasúr i Ludhiána áv Shimla a P U N J A B R Okára Moga Chandígarh Sáhíwál Joshímath Farídkot Multán l Patiá la Ambála Dehra Dún Nanda Devi Khánewál Abohar P U N J A B 7817m i Sangrúr Dera Gházi ej Bathinda UTTARAKHAND l Gangánaga Api Khán r k Mánsa Kaithal Yamunánagar Askot 7132m Sirsa Karnál Hanumángarh Muzaffarnagar Baháwalpur Éaéeldhura HARYÁNA Rámnagar Súratgarh R Meerut Káshípur Hisár Sonípat Rohtak Amroha Dhangaéhi a DELHI Bhiwáni Delhi Rahímyár Kh Gháziábád Rámpur Sardárshahr Indira Gandhi án Sádiqábád Pílíbhít Chúru Gurgaon NEW DELHI Bíkáner Rewári Budaun Bareilly Faríd

n of Kachchh

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P A K I S T A N BAL

gai Hills

Central Makrán Range

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148

Centra l Bráh ui R a

6

 The towering Karakoram and Hindu Kush ranges, formed at the same time as the Himalayas, dominate Pakistan’s northern borders. K2 on the border of northern Pakistan is the second highest mountain on Earth, at 28,251 ft (8611 m).

I

nd

5

T

4

E

More than one-fifth of the world’s population lives in the south Asian subcontinent. Great cultural diversity has come from a long succession of foreign invaders, including Hindu Aryans, Islamic Moguls and the British, whose empire incorporated the princely states of the Maharajas and extended to the borders of Nepal and Bhutan in the Himalayas. Independent since 1947, India is the world’s largest democracy, and at the current rate of growth, may overtake China as the world’s most populous country during the 21st century. There are points of tension in the region over claims for independence by the Sikhs in the Indian Punjab and the long-standing dispute with Pakistan over Jammu and Kashmir in the north.

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B A N G L A D E S H , B H U TA N , I N D I A , M A L D I V E S , N E PA L , PA K I S TA N , S R I L A N K A

South Asia

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13

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8

7

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ASIA

M

G

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e

21

20

19

18

17

16

15

IRA

N

Karachi

P

D

I

15,319 miles (24,656 km)

46,724 miles (75,204 km)

C

D

Eight Degree Chann el

finance food processing iron & steel textiles

E

Rájahmundry Kákináda

Mandya

Tirunelveli

F

G

COLOMBO

H

I

0

Batticaloa

J

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300

100

200

K

200

300

400 Km

L

400 Miles

Addu Atoll

nel Chan Equatorial Fuvahmulah

SRI LANKA

Ampara

100

Equator

North Huvadhu Atoll South Huvadhu Atoll

SCALE 1:23,500,000 0

Mulakatholhu

Kolhumadulu

One a nd Half Degree Channel

Hadhdhunmathi Atoll

South Nilandhe Atoll

North Nilandhe Atoll

Felidhu Atoll

MALE'

South Maalhosmadulu Atoll Male' Atoll

Faadhippolhu Atoll

MALDIVES

Ari Atoll

Horsburgh Atoll Rasdu Atoll

North Maalhosmadulu Atoll

N O C E A

Matara Dondra Head

Ratnapura

Colombo

Badulla

Kandy

Matale

Mutur

Trincomalee

 Terracing allows steep hillslopes to be cultivated in Nepal, a country where agricultural land is very limited. Because of poor soil quality, these terraces are often abandoned within a few years.

Galle

I N D I A N

172

Oya

Kurunegala

K al a

Mannar

Jaffna

Anuradhapura

Negombo

Mannar

S

Delft

lk

SRI JAYEWARDENAPURA KOTTE

 Religion and commerce sit side by side in the Nepalese capital, Kathmandu. Nepal is a Hindu state and these small, highly decorated shrines are commonplace. As in India, cows are venerated, and allowed free rein throughout the city.

capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

Gulf of

Pálayankottai

Tuticorin

Pa

Puttalam

Virudunagar Aruppukkottai

Rájapálaiyam

Nágercoil Cape Comorin

Thiruvananthapuram

Kollam

Changannassery Káyankulam

Alappuzha

Kottayam

Kochi

Madurai

PUDUCHERRY

Tiruvannámalai

Pondicherry TAMIL

Ámbúr Kánchípuram Tiruppattúr

Chennai

(Madras)

Chennai

Salem Cuddalore Udagamandalam Neyveli Áttúr Kozhikode Erode Chidambaram NÁDU Tiruppúr Kumbakonam PUDUCHERRY Coimbatore Palakkad Karúr Káveri Tiruchchiráppalli KERALA Polláchi Thanjávúr Nágappattinam Thrissur Dindigul Pudukkottai a i t Anai Mudi Ernákulam tr Káraikkudi

Vadakara

2695m

Mysore Dharmapuri

Krishnarájáságara

Krishnagiri

Chittoor

Madanapalle

Tirupati Vellore

Kolár

Hindupur

Gúdúr

North Miladhunmadulu Atoll South Miladhunmadulu Atoll

Thiladhunmathi Atoll

Visákhapatnam

Vizianagaram

Sríkákulam

Brahmapur

Puri

172

y

25 50

100 100

150 200 150

250

200

projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

Miles

0

Km

0 25 50

300

50

60

70

80

M

N

KI

A ST

A

N

Mumbai

151

Kanpur

Chennai

100

O

Coc

P

cattle goats cereals fishing groundnuts rice tea

ir e n Passag Little man Anda l Channe Degree

Port Bla

andar

15

14

Q

pasture cropland forest mountain region wetland desert

capital cities major towns

25

24

Little r Nicoba r Nicoba nga Great Ba n a oint P a dir d In Great nel n s a h C

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AN & ANDAM AR B O NIC S ISLAND

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300

Land use and agricultural distribution

Bay of Bengal

Kolkata

DHAKA

BANGLADESH

B H U TA N THIMPHU

I N A

COLOMBO C E SRI JAYEWARDENAPURA KOTTE AN

N

O

Madurai

H

90

SRI LANKA

Indore

Hyderabad

EP

C

AL KATHMANDU

N

INDIA

NEW DELHI

Lahore

ISLAMABAD IS A N Rawalpindi

PA Karachi

A

H FG

TAJIKISTA

1,573,285 sq miles (4,075,868 sq km)

40

Total land area

30

888 people per sq mile (343 people per sq km)

20

rural 75%

Population density

10

A r a b i a n Ahmadabad Sea

0

urban 25%

The urban/rural population divide

Over 60% of South Asia’s population is involved in agriculture. Traditional subsistence farming prevails and productivity is generally low. The monsoon region of the east is the world’s most extensive rice-growing area. Corn, millet and groundnuts are staple crops in drier areas, with wheat towards the north. Terracing increases cultivable land in the mountains. Livestock-raising is widespread throughout the subcontinent and fishing is common along the entire coast, although because few fishing craft are mechanized, total fish catches are low.

250

B e n g a l

Scale 1:10,000,000

o f

s

ge

Using the land and sea

B

a

D

B

áv

Anakápalle

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adi

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India’s railway network, established under British colonial rule, is the fifth most extensive in the world and continues to play a unique role in integrating the country’s disparate regions.

21,015 miles (33,840 km)

God

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Jagdalpur

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166

n

26

IN

1,068,996 miles (1,720,579 km)

aerospace car manufacture chemicals electronics engineering

Suriápet

Secunderábád

Dharmavaram

Kolár Gold Fields

Bangalore

Kannur Thalassery s

Kalpeni Island

Minicoy Island

Nine Degree Ch annel

)

Lakshadweep

(Laccadive Islands

Ándrott Island

Hassan

PUDUCHERRY

Chitradurga

Bhadrávati Tumkúr

Shimoga Chikmagalúr

Mangalore

Kadamatt Island

Major industry and infrastructure

B ay of B e ngal

Kolkata Chittagong

Jangaon

Kagaznagar

Kiran Nizámábád Karímnagar

Nizám Ságar

Jagtiál

n

Chandrapur

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Bársi Látúr

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s

Ma

ODIHSA

N

COLOMBO O C E SRI JAYEWARDENAPURA KOTTE A

N

THIMPHU

DHAKA

SRI LANKA

Madurai

Chennai

Hyderabad

Nagpur

Jamshedpur

Kanpur

B H U TA N

BA NG L A DE SH

I N A

ghá t

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Parli Vaijnáth

Parbhani

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A

IRA

The transport network

N

Bangalore

AL

H

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ng Chittago

a Sitakund

d s a n I s l

25

A

Mumbai

Indore

EP

C

KATHMANDU

N

INDIA

Jaipur

NEW DELHI

Lahore

Rawalpindi

ISLAMABAD

Agatti Island

D

Sángli Hyderábád Nalgonda Bijápur Miraj Elúru na Mahbúbnagar Krish Nágárjuna Vijayawáda PUDUCHERRY Ichalkaranji Ságar Bhímavaram Guntúr Ráichúr Narasaraopet Machilípatnam Belgaum Bágalkot ills Chilakalúrupet Tenáli Tungabhadra Kurnool H Panaji Go Ádoni Dhárwád Chírála a Nandyál ANDHRA Ongole Gadag Hospet Marmagao Ihavandhippolhu Guntakal GOA Dandeli Hubli Atoll Tádpatri PRADESH Bellary KA RN ÁT AK A u Kárwár Kávali Proddatúr Makunudhoo Atoll Dávangere Ránibennur Anantapur Cuddapah Nellore

Karád

t C o a s

a

24

A

Ahmadabad

ST

ST

EEP

LAKSHADW

úr

ls

l

23

I

I AK

AN

Quetta

GH

Arabian Sea

22

AF

TAJIKISTAN

Most industrial workers across South Asia are involved in small-scale production serving local markets. Large-scale industry remains concentrated around great cities such as Kolkata and Mumbai. India has a broad industrial base and manufacturing growth has accelerated under a recently liberalized economy. Textiles, clothing, leather and jewellery are among South Asia’s leading exports.

Bá lá

Pandharpur Bhí

Khadki

Kolhápur

Amíndívi Islan ds

COLOMBO – capital SRI JAYEWARDENAPURA KOTTE – legislative capital

Pune

Ratnágiri

(Bombay)

KalyánAhmadnagar

Sátára Konya Reservoir

Mumbai

Mumbai

Manmád

N

ánpur Bhandára Durg Achalpur Bhusáwal Bhilai Akot Amrávati Nágpur Jalgaon Malkápur Dhamtari Chálisgaon Wardha Dalli Akola hh Hinganghát n ge C Rájhara ta Ra an Yavatmál j A

Amalner

I

Aurangábád Du Jálnana dna MAHÁRÁSHTRA

d Silvassa

Náshik

Bhiwandi

DÁDRA & NAGAR HAVEL I

Damán

DIU

Navsári Dhule át bh am DAMÁN Valsá Málegaon & f Kh

Mahuva

Diu

Gulf o

U

DAMÁN & DI

Sri Lanka: Capital cities

172

Transport and industry

sea level

100m / 328ft

250m / 820ft

500m / 1640ft

1000m / 3281ft

2000m / 6562ft

3000m / 9843ft

4000m / 13,124ft

6000m / 19,686ft

Elevation

below 10,000

10,000 to 50,000

50,000 to 100,000

100,000 to 500,000

500,000 to 1 million

1 million to 5 million

above 5 million

D

Population

e

Penner

Map key

Jessore hulna a Bánkura Chota y a MADHY A PRADES H Shahdol Ránchi Puruliy WEST BENGALr Bhátttapára K Barisal h r u p g sia á N Kura pu d Ahmadábád a Calcu Shrírám n DewásSehore Bhopál Jamshedpur li Jabalpur NarKhamari ra i áo H m ur Patuakha íp a in da V Hoshangábád Med A R Á TKhambh Nadiád ge e Indore Itársi a Dhár Cháíbása at át an Korba lk r an o pu K ag ar R g Kh Mhow G R Vadodara e Porbandar Dhoráji Káthiájkot Botád (Calcutta) ela N a rma da Biláspur áwár Bhávnagar Seoni f th Dabhoi a n Raigarh Ráurk Báripada hs o t Amreli Khan R u ákud dwa re o Hír oo M Bharúch New Mland Júnágadh Peninsula Shetrunj a BetúlChhindwára Reservoir Is Khargon i Bálághát CHHATTÍSGARH Ukái Báleshwar p u r Tápi Nandurbár Sávarkundla Súra Verával ur Gondia balp Sam ur rak t Reservoir Raip S á tBurh ad Bh Kámthi Dáhod Godhra

Nágda Gándhínagar Ratl ám Ujjain hi

c

Dhrángadhra

c

Nallam ala

E

Gándhídhám

s

a

e

t

of Kachchh Surend Morbi ranagar Jámnagar GUJ

a

Maik

r

14

N

A

N

G C o a s t

Gulf

ya

M

á r a b a l om Hil Ya n O

a S e n

C o r o m a n d e l

r

h t

M Y (B ANM AR UR MA)

a

rh

al

n

at t

ís

ga

h

Ma

e

e

IND IAN OCEAN

W s

t

G a m rda Ca

N

b

n ma i

I

TA

A

r

a

i a A n d a m a n

a r N i c o b

s

N

Chambal

P

ar

an

M Y (B ANM AR UR MA)

Andam

Sea ASIA: SOUTH ASIA

I

ASIA A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

B A N G L A D E S H , B H U TA N , N E PA L , A r u n a c h a l P r a d e s h , A s s a m , B i h a r, C h a n d i g a r h , D e l h i , H a r y a n a , H i m a c h a l P r a d e s h , J a m m u & K a s h m i r, J h a r k h a n d , M a n i p u r, M e g h a l a y a , M i z o r a m , N a g a l a n d , P u n j a b , R a j a s t h a n , S i k k i m , Tr i p u r a , U t t a r a k h a n d , U t t a r P r a d e s h , We s t B e ng a l

L

M

Scale 1:5,750,000

HANISTAN AFG K Gi lgit

r

a

k

Gilgit

s Astor

rol)

Kishtwár C hen ab

l

R a Udhampur n g e Jammu D h a D

N

t r Bálán

Rámgarh Sarkári Tala Sháhgarh

Shri Moh

angarh

Jaisalmer Poka ran

6000m / 19,686ft Myájlár

4000m / 13,124ft

Chauhtan

500m / 1640ft

100m / 328ft

Bhínmál

Báli

Sirohi

d

Chittaurgarh

Kalpa

(Administered by China, claimed by India)

M

Y

Api 7132m

N

NEW DELHI

rá

Ch

a

Mathura

R

Ch

Banás

a

Farrukhábád

Ágra Fírozábád

al mb

Rána Pratáp Sá

Bahraich

Sítápur

Biswán

Gonda

Unnáo

Lucknow

Kánpur

N

Orai Moth

D

Maudaha

Khága

Mahoba

Pratápgarh

un a

Kunda

Allahábád

Mau Ránípur

gar

Sultánpur

Bhognípur Ráe Bareli Kálpi Fatehpur Mustafábád Bela Hamírpur

Bánda

Jhánsi

Bárán

i

Sandila PR AD ES Bára Banki H G

Etáwah

Dhaulpur

I

Kota

Fatehgarh Mainpuri

al mb

Sawái Mádhopur

Búndi

UTHardo TA R

Etah

Barhan Túndla

Achhnera Bayána

Tántpur Hindaun Gangápur Karauli

Mánikpur

Lalitpur

Jháláwár

Bari Sádri

Sálúmbar

JA

Dúngarpur

R Á

T

Tr op i c o f C an c e

P R A D E S H

H Y A M A D

Bánswára r

154

N

C

Textiles, engineering, chemicals and electronics are leading industries in north India. The plateau of Chota Nagpur provides ore Srinagar for iron and steel production in the major industrial region northeast of Kolkata. Amritsar Bangladesh processes jute and Nepal Ludhiana Chandigarh has a small manufacturing I sector based on agricultural K Delhi A NEW DELHI P produce, while Bhutan’s INDIA limited industry is Kanpur Jaipur Jodhpur concentrated in the Kota southern lowland area.

Rájsaman

Udaipur

Ábu Road

U

Devli Sháhpura

Bhílwára

Nimbáhera

A

Ábu

Transport and industry

ej

Gháziábád

Bharatpur

Dausa

Beáwar Toda Ráisingh

Márwár

va

Guru Sikhar 1722m

G

utl

Saháranpur Haridwár Lansdowne Roorkee Najíbábád Kotdwára Deoband

Delhi

Jaipur

Tonk

ge

Jálor

sea level

Dankhar

m Ya

250m / 820ft

Bákhásar

Demchok/Dêmqog

(Administered by China, claimed by India)

Hanle Demc hok

w

Bándíkúi

Ajmer

Bilára Sojat

Páli

Sindari

ni Lú

156

g es an

1000m / 3281ft

13

Pípár Road

Lúni

Bálotra

Bármer

Sámbhar Salt Lake Parvatsar Sángáner Kishangarh

Merta City

Lúni

Munábáo

2000m / 6562ft

s

S

Nágaur

Jodhpur

Shiv

3000m / 9843ft

12

Phalsund

Phalodi

Makrána R Á J A S T H Á N Merta Road

n

Sám

at

R

Elevation

D

Bíkáner

a

a r T h

below 10,000

e

I

i

Bhiwáni

Rájgarh

Shri Koláy

li

10,000 to 50,000

s

du

da

50,000 to 100,000

Tanot

Shimla

Sardárshahr

i

100,000 to 500,000

In

Amroha DELHI Morádábád Pantnagar Mahendranagar Rudrapur Jhajjar Dhangaéhi Hápur Ind Bilári Rámpur Loháru Gu ira Gandhi Pílíbhít Chúru Birendranagar rgaon Sambhal Mahendragarh Farídábád Jhunjhunún Chandan Chauki Bula S ndsh ahr Bar Cha eilly ár ndausi Chiráwa Ratangarh Rewári Palwal Fatehpur Khurja Mailáni Narnaul Budaun Nawalgarh Nepálganj Ládnún Kásganj Síkar Ním Alígarh Lakhímpur ka Thána Sháhjahánpur Alwar Sikandra Rao Nánpára Kheri Dídwána Ríngas

r

ah

P

500,000 to 1 million

Pangong Tso

a UTTARAKHAND A Simikot Bágeshwar Fatehábád Narwá na l AlmoAskot FAR Jínd ra Pithorágarh Pánípat Muzaffarnagar Nain i Tál i H Rám nagar A R Y Kairana WEST Á ERN N A Bijnor Hisár Éaéeldhurá Haldwáni Champáwat Hánsi Káshípur Tanakpur k Go So hán Dipáya n Me a í l pat erut Rohtak Lálkua

Sirsa

Súratgarh

Lúnkaransa

e

ar Biláspur

Karnál

Mahájan

A

a

P R A D E SH

Hoshiárpur Mandi Unna Jalandhar Govind Ság

Jákhal KaithalThánesar

rh

M

1 million to 5 million

11

Karanpura

Hanumánga Anúpgarh

Pamzal Shyok

h

Chumar

r

Population 10

Gangánagar

K

Map key

k

Jogindarnagar

PUNJAB

Sarúpsar

R

Zá s

há

I

Tielongtan

N Nárkanda Fírozpur Phillaur Ludh á iána g Rúpnagar muna Farídkot T Gangotri Moga Chandígarh Solan i b a Uttar Badrínáth káshi Fázilka b 7140m Sirhind Rájpu a Chakráta ra Náhan R aKedárnáth Barnála Nábha Joshímath Ambála Dehra Mussoorie n g Nanda Devi Bathinda e Chamoli Abohar New Sangrúr Patiála Jagádhri Dún 7817m Tehri Rudraprayág Mánsa Narendranagar Ya mu n á nag ar Dabwáli Pauri Rishikesh

A

S

a

H IM Á C H A L

Nakodar

A

e

C

Pong s Amritsar Reservoir Beá

Kapúrthala

T 9

g

La d

Manáli Dharmshála

Kángra

Batála

vi Rá

8

n

hen áb Dalhousieo l a Chamba Kyelang Kathua

Pathánkot

200

(Administered by China, claimed by India)

ge

Riási

N Aks ai Chi n

Nun Kun 7135m

Samba

148

a

Kargil

H

180

Karakoram Pass Quanshuigou 5568m

n

j a

Mírpur Akhnúr

 The Golden Temple in Amritsar, the most sacred shrine of the Sikh religion, was the scene of violent clashes between Sikh separatists and government forces in 1984.

Gasherbrum 8068m

JAMMU AND Srínagar Zá Anantnág K A S H M I Rs k á r n

I

e ng

a

160

140

a

P

Mangla Reservoir

m

R

Muzaffarábád Sopur Wular Lake Báramúla Gulmarg Uri

P i r

a

120

100

K2 8611m

Skárdu

Nanga Parbat 8126m

(Line of cont

H (Claimed by India)

r

160 180 200

projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

S

Babusar Pass 4173m

Gurdáspur

7

o

80

60

40

Miles

Dastegil Sar 7885m

Rakaposhi 7788m

In du

0 10 20

C

80 100 120 140

R

6

a

Hunza

60

40

a

5

Khunjeráb Pass 4700m

r ká

The Ganges and Brahmaputra river basins and the massive mountain barrier of the Himalayas define this region’s landscape and have served to reinforce potent cultural and religious differences among its people. Hinduism pervades most aspects of national life and is a growing political force within India, a secular country which also encompasses the centre of Sikhism at Amritsar and the world’s largest Muslim minority. Nepal is a crowded mountain state, which faces severe ecological problems from deforestation, while the tiny Himalayan Buddhist kingdom of Bhutan is emerging from long-term isolation, to welcome selected visitors. The Muslim state of Bangladesh, formerly East Pakistan, is one of the world’s most densely populated countries and one of the poorest, with more than 145 million people living largely on the massive Ganges/Brahmaputra delta. Many Bangladeshis live under threat of repeated, catastrophic floods.

3

Km

0 10 20

Ya mu n

2

15

K

Northern India & the Himalayan states

1

14

J

Major industry and infrastructure

T

A

H

I

A

152

B

C

D

N

N

N E PA L

A

Dibrugarh

KATHMANDU

BHUTAN

Lucknow

THIMPHU

Darjiling

Guwahati

BA NG L A DE SH Dhanbad

D

E

M ( Y A B U N M A R M R A )

17

I

S

16

I

Ranchi Kolkata Jamshedpur A

DHAKA

Chittagong B AY O F BENGAL

adventure tourism car manufacture chemicals coal electronics engineering finance food processing iron & steel jute processing

I

oil tea processing textiles

The transport network Over 60% of Bangladesh’s internal trade is carried by boat. The country has a very disjointed land transport network, with no bridges over the Brahmaputra and few road crossings on the Ganges river.

capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

J

K

L

M

A S I A : N O R T H E R N I N D I A & T H E H I M A L AYA N S TAT E S P

Q

R

The landscape

S

T

U

V

 The Pir Panjal range in southwestern Kashmir rises to elevations of 12,500 ft (3810 m). Despite the freezing conditions, settlements and extensive pastures are found above the tree line.

Most of the region is drained by the Ganges river, which meets the Brahmaputra in Bangladesh to form an immense delta before flowing into the Bay of Bengal. The Himalayas extend eastwards over 1500 miles (2400 km), from the parallel ranges running through Jammu and Kashmir. The Thar Desert occupies the southwest.

W

X

Y

The northern ranges of the Himalayas contain the highest mountains in the world, with average heights of more than 23,000 ft (7000 m) and many peaks higher than 26,000 ft (8000 m).

In the last 40 million years, the course of the Brahmaputra has been diverted hundreds of miles to the east by the rising landmass of the Himalayas.

1

The Khasi Hills are an example of a horst, a fractured block of bedrock which has been thrust upwards.

2

m The summit of Machhapuchhre rises to 22,942 ft (6993 m). It is also known as the ‘Fish’s Tail’ because of its distinctive peak.

The Indian Punjab lies mainly to the west of the Ganges watershed and its rivers flow into the Indus. Control of this water resource has been a source of great friction with neighbouring Pakistan.

Debris slides in the middle Himalayas Soil blocks

The border between India and Pakistan runs through the Thar Desert, an area of sandy seif dunes 50–100 ft (15–30 m) in height. Fossils found in the desert indicate that the dunes, stabilized by vegetation, have been in their current position for about 3000 years.

Slide plain

The Ganges river, sacred to the Hindu people, drains a vast lowland area at the base of the Himalayas. The northern plains are covered by sandy deposits, broken by mud-banks formed when the river floods.

Sambhar Salt Lake in Rajasthan is India’s largest lake. Unlike most of the Himalayan lakes which are glacial in origin – formed in ice-scoured basins or as the result of depositional damming – it is an ephemeral salt lake filled periodically by flash flooding.

The rapid deforestation of Himalayan valleys has led to acute soil erosion and increased rates of rainwater run-off, both cited as possible causes of the worsening floods downstream in the Ganges/ Brahmaputra delta, although natural rates are high and may be the real cause.

Using the land

a ti

Gházípur

I

Kolkata

A

A

Chittagong

C

B AY O F BENGAL

Di

esh unáchal Prad (Much of Arclaimed by China) is

M

há

Along

Shiliguri

Ilám

Jalpáiguri

Birátnagar Jogbani

Kishanganj

Madhepura

Púrnia

Biháríganj

Khagaria G hugri Begusarái

T

Koch Bihár

ls

Mongar

f

impur

North Lakh

Itánagar

BHUTAN

a

il

Da

Tashigang

Dibrug

utr

S

Tongsa

Bra

Tezpur

Sib

hm

Jorhát

a

Náginimár

Mariáni

Mon

Golághát Tuensang Mangaldai úng Dhing ia Jayanti n g m a Mokokch e R Bongaigaon Nalbári Rang i n ábar ao air ag M N ND r jha A Kokra Hills Barpeta áti Kopil NÁGÁL Guwáh Alípur Duár Fakíragrám opa ur sp Di ígh Jog

Dhuburi

Domar Thakurgaon Lalmanirhat Kurigram Pirganj RA JS HA HI

Goálpára

M A S S A ohíma

Pandu

K

Shillong

YA

il ls

Tezu

Sadiya

arh

Zi

H

H

s

Paro

THIMPHU

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Dharán

Nirmáli

Darbhanga Muzaffarpur Ganges

Paro

la

i

A

Kosi Janakpur Reservoir Rájbiráj

Saharsa Hájípur Samastípur

A

Jelep La 4386m

EASTERN

hí Dhankuœá

Chhapra

Punakha

SIK KI M

Kanchenjunga 8598m

Tawang

m

Roing

Dángori MákumLikhapáni ge an Tinsukia R oo Khonsa kr at ságar

ap

Y

Kangto 7102m

Chomo Lhari 7314m

Pásighát

CHAL ARUNÁ SH P R A Dro E

A

Anini

is h

ll

Kos

N

I

H

Hi

Sun

Sítámarhi Gopálganj Madhubani

Mahárájganj

M ( Y A B U N M A R M R A )

D

156

Rámechháp

Motíhári

Siwán

Mubarakpur Ázamgarh Mau Ballia Jaunpur

I

DHAKA N

8

Lumding

LA Jowai Rangpur Tura GM E G H Á Saidpur lR i Hills aro ai Nongstoin K h á s errapunji Katihár Ráiganj Dinajpur Hil Háflong B a r Ch ls

12

M

Bhatni

r a Barhaj

BANGLADESH

i

Deoria

Bettiah

Sháhganj

m

Lucknow

ista

ha

A

BHUTAN THIMPHU

M

Kasia

ág

I

m An adverse climate, steep slopes and poor soils limit crop cultivation in Bhutan, which is a largely agrarian economy. Rice, corn and wheat are the main staples, although orchards are being established as the soil and climate suit this type of farming.

A

E P A LKATHMANDU

Kanpur

A

L

7

N

ak

Go

Gorakhpur

nd

Tánda

Gh

Ga

Faizábád

D

Jaipur

Mount Everest 8848m

Nautanwa CENT RAL Simará Naugarh Bagaha Mahárájganj Birganj Raxaul

100

Nága

i

N

N

Kula Kangri 7554m

Lalitpur

90

ge

pt

665,104 sq miles (1,723,068 sq km)

N

I

Bhaktapur

Heœauéá

80

ls

Ra

Mankápur Nawábganj Basti Ayodhya

e Bhairahawá

70

993 people per sq mile (384 people per sq km)

Varanasi

HMANDU Lhotse KAT 8516m Tribhuvan

A

60

Total land area

Hil

Balrámpur

g

50

as

WESTERN Butwal

40

Man

n

30

I

Delhi NEW DELHI

Jodhpur

A

Pokhará

20

Population density

an

N

10

6

)

N A

T

I

Manásalu 8163m Máchhápuchhre 6993m

P

5

rural 77%

ng

Tulsipur

H

Annapurøa 8091m

Dhawalágiri 8167m

aPyuœhán

C Chandigarh

pasture cropland forest mountain region wetland desert

MID WESTERN ›alyán

0

Amritsar

S

C

E

Over half of the great Ganges/ Brahmaputra delta floods each year during the monsoon as rivers, swollen by meltwater from the Himalayas and by excess rainwater, break their banks and fertilize the land with nutrient-rich sediment.

R

Srinagar

capital cities major towns

cattle goats sheep cereals jute rice tea

L

m Soil loss in the middle Himalayas has largely been attributed to debris slides, where large blocks of soil are mobilized by saturation along a slide plane. Once mobile, the soil slides down the slope, gaining speed and thinning to form a fan at the base of the slope.

A

urban 23%

I

Land use and agricultural distribution

Jumlá

4

The urban/rural population divide

Grain production dominates land use. Rice is most widely grown in the east. Irrigation and new crop strains have dramatically increased yields in the Punjab, a major wheat-producing area. River flood plains are intensively farmed and livestockherding is widespread, particularly in Bhutan. Regional I crops include jute in Bangladesh, tea in Assam, K A cardamom in Sikkim and saffron in Kashmir. P

H

3

Debris fans at base of slope

Ukhrul

R

O

P

N

13

R

ur

( B U

M Y A

BIH ÁR

Br

BANGLAD a ah m

ESH

nip

Munger

Mokáma

Ma

Váránasi

Patna

adi Jamuna N

IPU Barári M A N Im Hili Ghoraghat Sunamganj phál Manihári Bálurghát Nalitabari Durgapur lchar ha Si Chhatak nd iba j Ga bgan Sáhi Thoubal Jamálpur Bihár Sharíf ur erp a Sh gb at un ET N Mughal Sarái SYLH Sylhet Ingráj Bázár Jaipurh Bhágalpur Rájmahal Jamalpur Jahánábád Islámpur Kiul Bogra Mymensing Tinpahar Sasarám Rájgír Moiráng Naogaon Santahar Muktagachha Jamúi Kulaura Godda e ra ha g n Dullabc Barharwa Nawáda Dehri anj Mandár Hill Ra abg Naw s l Pákaur Gaya Aurangábád R á j m a h a l H i l ya p Habiganj Pa Srimangal Robertsganj o Jangípur Sirajganj dma dh S Bajitpur Kodarma i ah Ullapara jsh Devghar in Shergháti Ra Billi Nalháti V Iswardi Tangail DHAKABazar Dumka Brahmanbaria A Madhupur Jiáganj 166 Bhairab Barhi Pabna Chatra Dúddhinagar T R IP U R Áízawl ur Girídíh mp Narsingdi ara Bah cer ali arkh Govind Ballabh Garhwa Kum a Kustia al Zia opic of Can rt r bág T ga Hazárí j A M gan A i Dáltenganj Siur Pant Ságar Manik Chittaranjan M IZ O R Meherpur jbari Dhanbád Kulti Chuadanga Ra Látehár Kátoya Ásánsol pur rid Fa Bokáro nj a Darsan Munshiga Belonia Andál Burnpur Jhenaidaha Comilla r Rámgarh RániganjDam Durgápur gpu Karnaphuli od Chandpur Tropic of Cancer Krishnanagar Ná wíp Lohárdaga vad ar Na Reservoir Madaripur ta Lunglei ddhamán Feni Puruliya Bánkura Bar o j h e gan sor N pal Jes n Go ti saba gao Kang Ban C G a N O G d A i C H IT T Reservoir Chunchura Bhátpára Bishnupur Rangamati Chándil Khunti Bhola Gumla nda Chandannagar Bagerhat sal SoSiuttah ku wip Hathazari Shrírámpur Satkhira ri Jamshedpur Ba Sand Calcutta Háora tia Bandarban K H U LN A B A R IS A L Ha Álípur Chakradharpur Cháíbása Island Medinípur li Baj Baj (Calcutta) tuakha Pa ur bazp Mongla Dakhin Shah Kharagpur Barguna Island s Kutubdia Lakshmikántapur e s g Island Haldia n an m Flooded streets in Dhaka, r b a e G Maheskhalid a h t d Bangladesh are a testament to the f Islan o S u n s H region’s vulnerability to flooding. In Mouth Cox’s Bazar Ganga Ságar 1988 alone, 75% of the country was New Moore Island flooded, leaving thousands of people Ára

n

ut

Hills

ra

Ránchi

WEST

H AR SG TÍ AT

JHÁRKHAND

Khulna

BENGAL

O

P

Q

Kolkata

Chittagong

li

16

ug

O D I S H A

N

15

na

H

Megh

CH

Mizo

DHAKA

14

B a y

R

S

o f

B e n g a l

17

dead and over 25 million homeless. 172

T

U

X

Y

Z

153

Chennai

COLOMBO

Bhuj

172

Porbandar

Surendranagar

Dhrángadhra Morbi

T

Mahesána

Kodínár

Verával

Gu

lf

Diu DA MÁN & DIU

K of

Mahuva

Sávarkundla

Delváda

Pálitána

h

Shetrunji

Júnágadh Amreli

capital cities major towns

rice rubber tea

Súrat

Bharúch

Nadiád

150

pasture cropland forest wetland

0

dw

V

a

Rámpura

i Mándu

Amalner

Nandurbár

n

S Jalgaon

Sendhwa

á

Maheshwar

Dewás

t

R

Virár

Sangamner

Deoláli

Náshik

Aurangábád

60

70

80

I

Jálna

ada

nd

rna

A

R

e

R

Damoh

a Pátan

Banda

Tíkamgarh

Chhatarpur

r

Akot

a

Narm

R Betúl

Káranja

Murtajápur

Parasiya

Katni Umaria

Yavatmál

Wardha

Hingoli

Wáshím

Pusad Ádilabád

P engang

a

Garhchiroli

N

e

da

R

ma

Biláspur

a

e ng

M

N

Chámpa

Korba

Raipur

a

Dhamtari Kánker

Kondagaon

tt

Saraipáli

O

Patnágarh

Ráurkela

Rámapur

Tálcher

a Khandaparha Khordh

Cuttack

s

Bhawánipatna

Sorada

Ru s hiku

lya

Ásika

Báripada

Bhubaneshwar

Jájapur

Bhadrak Palmyras Point

Báleshwar

Jaleshwar

WEST BENGAL

Puri

Kendráparha False Point Jagatsinghpur Párádwíp

Chilika Lake

O D I S H A

Phulabáni

Titilágarh

D Bádámpáhárh

KHAN Biramitrapur

ÁR

Sri Lanka

Ocean currents cause sediment build up

The island of Sri Lanka is essentially an extension of the Deccan plateau. It lies on the Indian continental shelf and is composed of the same hard, crystalline rocks.

Deep layers of river sediment have created a broad lowland plain along the eastern coast, with rivers such as the Krishna forming extensive deltas.

The interior uplands of southern India are broadly known as the Deccan plateau. River erosion of the plateau’s volcanic rock has created distinctive stepped valleys called traps.

Jhársuguda Kendujhargarh Hírákud Reservoir Bárákot Deogarh Pála Laharha Ánandapur Sambalpur

H

Q

Along the northern boundary of the Deccan plateau, old basement rocks are interspersed with younger sedimentary strata. This creates spectacular scarplands, cut by numerous waterfalls along the softer sedimentary strata.

P

150

m Adam’s Bridge (Rama’s Bridge) is a chain of sandy shoals lying about 4 ft (1.2 m) under the sea between India and Sri Lanka. They once formed the world’s longest tombolo, or land bridge, before the sea level began to rise several thousand years ago.

Adam’s Bridge

B r á h m a ni Ma Anugul Subarnapur há n adi Bauda nál nká Dhe Balángír

Bargarh

h Mahásamund h C Rájim Núáparha

Dalli Rájhara

Durg

Bhilai

Raigarh

Sundargarh

Dharmjaygarh

Nágpur

Adam’s Bridge

Relict of ancient tombolo

Tropic of Cancer

Ambikápur Jashpurnagar

Chota

CHHATTÍSGARH

Janjgir

Anúppur Kurasia

Shahdol

Baikunthpur

Govind Ballabh Pant Ságar

Sidhi

Jiáwán

Son

E S H Mangawán

Kawardha

Nar

D Rewa

A

150

 The Western Ghats run north– south marking the western boundary of the Deccan plateau. Their height rises to the south where their summits reach altitudes of 8000 ft (2500 m).

Khamaria

Ráj Nándgaon

Duggípar

Wársa

Chandrapur

Warora

Hinganghát

Umred

Nágpur

Gondia

inganga Wa

Bálághát

Bhandára

Rámtek

Kámthi

Maihar

Satna

Mandla Nainpur

Lakhnádon

Seoni

g

R

Murwára

Nágod

Panna

P

Jabalpur

n

Katangi Tirodi

Chhindwára

n

g Kachchhídhána

Amla

a

Amrávati

Achalpur

Tápi

Itársi

Pachmarhi

MAHÁRÁSHTRA Pú

T

Deori Narsimhapur

Ságar

Bína

The Rann of Kachchh tidal marshes encircle the low-lying Kachchh peninsula. For several months during the rainy season the water level of the marshes rises and Kachchh becomes an island.

The Konkan coast, which runs between Daman and Goa, is characterized by rocky headlands, and bays with crescent-shaped beaches. Flooded river valleys known as rias extend inland.

Seondha

Datia

Si

L

The undulating Deccan plateau underlies most of southern India; it slopes gently down towards the east and is largely enclosed by the Ghats coastal hill ranges. The Western Ghats run continuously along the Arabian Sea coast, while the Eastern Ghats are interrupted by rivers which follow the slope of the plateau and flow across broad lowlands into the Bay of Bengal. The plateaux and basins of Sri Lanka’s central highlands are surrounded by a broad plain.

Bhind

T

Gwalior

Vidisha Raisen

Bhopál

U

100

K

The landscape

J

M ADHYA PRADESH Hoshangábád Khás

Malkápur

u

y Sehore

Burhánpur Bhusáwal

p

h

a

Guna

90

Chambal Morena

Shivpuri

Sabalgarh

Básoda Narsinghgarh

Sheopur

Khandwa

Barwáh

Mhow

Indore

d

Khargon

Barnagar

Maksi

Agar Shájápur

Nágda

Álot

Rájgarh

Gándhi Ságar

Ujjain

Dhár

Barwáni

Bágh

Jhábua

Ratlám

Jaora

Mandsaur

Nimach

50

698,295 sq miles (1,809,054 sq km)

40

Total land area

30

730 people per sq mile (282 people per sq km)

20

rural 67%

Population density

10

urban 33%

Dhule Ahwa Páchora DAMÁN Valsád Málegaon Khámgaon & DIU Damán Akola Buldána Chá lisgaon Silvassa DÁDRA & Manmád NAGAR HAVELI a R t a nge Ajan Ka Deúlgaon Rája

Navsári

Ukái Táp Reservoir i

Narma

Rájpípla

Dabhoi

Vadodara da

Dáhod

Godhra

Ahmadábád

Gándhínagar

Himatnagar

Siddhapur

Pálanpur

Ánand

Rájko Khambhát Káthiáw t Botád ár Peninsu l a Bhávnagar Dhoráji

Jámnagar

f of Kachchh

Gándhídhám

Pátan

GUJARÁ

Rann o f Kach chh

Lakhpat

Gul

Dwárka

ncer

H

The urban/rural population divide

Á N H T R Á J A S

cattle goats cereals cotton fishing groundnuts

Land use and agricultural distribution

Rice is the main staple in the east, in Sri Lanka and along the humid Malabar Coast. Groundnuts are grown on the Deccan plateau, with wheat, corn and chickpeas, towards the north. Sri Lanka is a leading exporter of tea, coconuts and rubber. Cotton plantations supply local mills around Nagpur and Mumbai. Fishing supports many communities in Kerala and the Laccadive Islands.

Using the land and sea

Rádhanpur

SRI JAYEWARDENAPURA KOTTE

SRI LANKA

Madurai

Visakhapatnam Hyderabad AL G

PAKISTAN

148

I A

Nagpur

INDIA

Bangalore

Pune

Indore

I N D

A

13

12

Mumbai

Ahmadabad

KISTAN

Tropic of Ca

7

6

PA

G

The unique and highly independent southern states reflect the diverse and decentralized nature of India, which has fourteen official languages. The southern half of the peninsula lay beyond the reach of early invaders from the north and retained the distinct and ancient culture of Dravidian peoples such as the Tamils, whose language is spoken in preference to Hindi throughout southern India. The interior plateau of southern India is less densely populated than the coastal lowlands, where the European colonial imprint is strongest. Urban and industrial growth is accelerating, but southern India’s vast population remains predominantly rural. The island of Sri Lanka has two distinct cultural groups; the mainly Buddhist Sinhalese majority, and the Tamil minority whose struggle for a homeland in the northeast led to prolonged civil war.

B

4

F

SR I L ANK A , Andhra Pradesh, Chhat tisgarh, Dadra & Nagar Haveli, Daman & Diu, Goa, G u ja rat, Ka rnata ka , Ke rala , L a k shadwee p, M adhya Pradesh , M a ha ra sht ra , O disha , P u d u c h e r r y , Ta m i l N a d u , Te l a n g a n a

N

BE

OF

AY

2

E

Southern India & Sri Lanka

ati

barm

1

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i

ah

M

a Betw

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B

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ai k

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át

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a

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154

AR

N A I D A N I N E O C

Cham

J

ís

A

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

ASIA

A

B

i

Mahbúbnagar

Nalgonda

Hyderábád

n Krish a

Suriápet

i Indrávat

Bhámragarh

Jagdalpur

A

Go

Vijayawáda

Elúru

C

ver i

Hunsúr Nanjangúd

Madikeri

Shoranúr

Nilambúr Beypore Malappuram

ál

Painávu

riy

25

25

50

50

100

100

150

D

projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

Miles

0

Km

0

Minicoy Island

E

150

Dindigul

Teni

Madurai

PUDUCHERRY

Cuddalore Neyveli

Káraikkudi

Pudukkottai

Nágappattinam

al

k

St

rai

Point Pedro

t

Thiruvárúr

Thanjávúr

PUDUCHERRY Káraikál

Chidambaram

Kumbakonam

TAMIL NÁDU

Bodináyakkanúr

Anai Mudi 2695m

ár

Vriddháchalam

naiy

Perambalúr

Áttúr

Kíranúr

Pondicherry

Tíndivanam

Kollam/Quilon

Káyankulam

Alappuzha/Alleppey

Tirunelveli

Tenkási

200

F

G

I

Vavuniya

Mullaittivu Mankulam

Ded

uru Oya

ng

Kandy

Matale CENTRAL

EASTERN

155

Galle

Ambalangoda

W G al

e aw a g an

Nagoda Hambantota SOUTHERN Ambalantota Tangalla Matara Dondra Head

a

Pidurutalagala 2524m

Ampara Akkaraipattu Gampaha Gampola yake Samudra Badulla Senana alanduwa Nuwara Eliya UVA Siyamb Pottuvil Pada (Adam's Peak) Monaragala KOTTE Colombo Sri 2244m WESTERN Wellawaya Ratnapura Kalutara Kalu SABARAGAMUWA Ga

COLOMBO SRI JAYEWARDENAPURA

H

Chilaw

Kurunegala Negombo Kegalla

SRI LANKA

Cape Comorin

Talaimannar Mannar Mannar Island

B

Trincomalee Medawachchiya Koddiyar Bay Kinniyai NORTH Mutur Anuradhapura CENTRAL Kal aO Puttalam ya Lagoon Puttalam NORTH Polonnaruwa WESTERN Dambulla Batticaloa

Adam’s Bridge

Gulf of Mannar

Pálayankottai

Tuticorin

Sivaganga

Jaffna Kottayam Virudunagar Aruppukkottai Pallai Periyár Va Jaffna Lagoon iga Delft Lake Changannassery/Changanách i Rámanáthapuram Rájapálaiy eri am NORTHERN Pathanámthitta

Kochi/Cochin

Ernákulam

Pe

Palani

Tiruchchiráppalli

Dhárápuram

Námakkal Káv eri Karúr

Pon

Viluppuram

Chennai

Kánchípuram

Tiruvannámalai

Tiruppattúr Dharmapuri

Salem

Pálá

ÁmbúrVellore

r

PRADESH

Kolár Gold Fields

ri Stanley Reservoir

Erode

ve

Coimbatore

Tiruppúr

KE RA LA

Aluva/Alwaye

Ká

Dodda Betta Bhaváníságar 2637m Coonoor

Chámrájnagar

Kollegál

Mysore

Mandya

Hosúr

Channapatna Krishnagiri

Bangalore

ANDHRA 172

O

F

L m The great triumphal arch of Charminar, built in 1591, epitomizes the fine Islamic architecture which the Moghuls brought from the north to Hyderabad, the capital of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states.

P

Mumbai

Ahmadabad

M

N

 Mumbai is one of the largest and most densely-populated cities in the world. It is the centre of India’s textile trade and has important finance and commerce sectors.

India’s hard-surfaced road network has grown almost tenfold since independence, yet many villages are still only accessible on foot, even in densely-populated rural areas.

The transport network

capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

aerospace car manufacture chemicals electronics engineering food processing iron & steel pharmaceuticals printing & publishing shipbuilding tea processing textiles tobacco processing

Major industry and infrastructure

ISTAN AK

COLOMBO

P

SRI JAYEWARDENAPURA KOTTE

O

Chennai

SRI LANKA

Madurai

Visakhapatnam Hyderabad Vijayawada

INDIA

Nagpur Bhilai

Bhopal

Bangalore

Pune

Vadodara

Indore

I N D I A

Q

South India has a broad industrial base, with three leading regions. Around Mumbai, Bangalore and Ahmadabad, cotton mills and chemical plants make use of cheap hydro-electric power generated in the Western Ghats. Light engineering and textiles are well established to the south and west of Chennai. Sri Lanka’s industry is based mainly on the processing of agricultural products.

Transport and industry

A

Y

Sríkákulam

Tekkali

Visákhapatnam

Bobbili

Chhatrapur

Gunupur Paralakhemundi

Brahmapur

Párvatipuram

Anakápalle

PUDUCHERRY Yanam

Kákináda

Sámalkot

Bhímavaram

Rájahmundry

Kottagúdem Khammam

Sálúr

Vizianagaram

Malkangiri

h

Koráput

a Jaypur

t

Nabarangapur Kotapad Ráyagarha

Bhopálpatnam Dantewára Sironcha Kirandul

Warangal

Jangaon

I

TELANGANA Mahbúbábád

Secunderábád

Sangáreddi

ar

Siddipet

Karímnagar

Jagtiál

God

P

ru

A

200

r t

iA

26

a Yádgír

H ills

I N Thiruvananthapuram/Trivandrum D I Eight Degree Nágercoil A N Channel O C Scale 1:6,250,000 E 172 A N

Nine Degree Channel

Kalpeni Island

(Laccadive Islan ds)

m Local fisheries around Sri Lanka afford great potential for exploitation. However, many fishermen living on the coastal fringes saw their livelihoods destroyed by the devastating effects of the Asian tsunami in 2004.

ím

Wádi

Rámanagaram

Kannur/Cannanore

Ká

Krishnarájáságara

Sakleshpur Hole Narsipur

Palakkad/Pálghát Chittúr Thrissur/Trichúr Polláchi

s

r

uv

25

Bh

Bídar

Tándúr

Gulbarga

Shorápur Muddebihál na ish Kr Lingsugúr Bágalkot Ilkal

Bijápur

Sindgi

Bodhan

Rámáreddi Nizám Ságar

Udgír

Homnábád

KA RN ÁT AK A

Kozhikode/Calicut

a

pá

24

Akalkot

Solápur

Thalassery/Tellicherry Mahe Gundlupet PUDUCHERRY Kalpetta Vadakara/Badagara Udagamandalam

C o

23

172

Ándrott Island

Kadamatt Island

Kavaratti

Agatti Island

Amíndívi Islands

Níleswaram

Kásaragod

á

Lakshadweep

EEP

Rabkavi

Ichalkaranji Athni

Mangalore

b

22

LAKSHADW

Perumalpár

l

Bitra Island

a

a

21

Kolhápur

Sángli Miraj

Sátára Pandharpur Koyna Reservoir Chiplún Karád

Osmánábád

Nirmal

Kagaznagar

D

o Nágárjuna Ságar Mácherla Guntúr eG Ráichúr Málvan Wanparti Tenáli Machilípatnam s of th Narasaraopet Yargatti s h t Belgaum Mou l l Vinukonda Chilakalúrupet Vengurla Átmakúr T unga bh adra Panaji Goa Nargund Chírála Dhárwád Kurnool Ádoni False Divi Mo Marmagao Gadag Gangáwati Point t h e Kopp al GOA Dhone Ongole Hub li Tungabhadra Quepem Dandeli Hosp et Kondukúr Nandyál Yellápur Giddalúr Bellary Reservoir Guntakal Savanúr Kávali Kúdligi Kárwár  Sea pencils thrive on Tádpatri Sirsi h b Ránibennur the coral reefs around a Proddatúr ng Háveri Anantapur Harihar Penneru the coast of the Laccadive Tu Kumta Islands and Sri Lanka. Dávangere Cuddapah Nellore Chitradurga Jog Falls Ságar The reefs support an Dharmavaram Linganamakki Gúdúr amazing diversity of Rájampet Bhatkal Reservoir Penukonda Shimoga marine life, but are Hiriyúr Ráyachoti Venkatagiri Bhadrávati increasingly under Hindupur Síra Kundápura Vánívilása threat from growing Pulicat Lake Bhad Tirupati ra Sága ra Sringeri Reservoir coastal populations. Madanapalle Tumkúr Chik Ballápur Udupi Arsikere Chikmagalúr Chittoor Tiptúr Chennai Kolár Hassan Tiruvallúr Bantvál (Madras)

A S E

COLOMBO – capital SRI JAYEWARDENAPURA KOTTE – legislative capital

Sri Lanka: Capital cities

sea level

100m / 328ft

250m / 820ft

500m / 1640ft

1000m / 3281ft

2000m / 6562ft

Elevation

Ratnágiri

M

20

19

18

17

16

below 10,000

10,000 to 50,000

50,000 to 100,000

100,000 to 500,000

Kurduvádi

D

500,000 to 1 million

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22

21

20

19

18

17

16

15

14

ASIA: SOUTHERN INDIA & SRI LANKA

ASIA A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

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Mainland East Asia

1

K

L

M

 Gansu province, through which the ancient Silk Route passes on its way to the west, is characterized by extensive loess deposits which are terraced and used for crop cultivation.

122

C H I N A , M O N G O L I A , N O R T H K O R E A , S O U T H K O R E A , TA I WA N

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Yinin r o g ho e

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TA JI

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BEIJING

PAK.

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Lanzhou

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AL

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Shanghai

Chongqing

TAIPEI Guangzhou

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Baoshan

Tropic of Cancer

R

m Because of its very small grain-size, loess has been easily transported and deposited by winds which scour the plains, and in northern China, deposits of loess can be up to 3000 ft (1000 m) thick. Loess-based soils are very fertile, but clearing land for agriculture quickly destabilizes the soil and allows it to be eroded.

166

 Although it is over 35 years since his death, the legacy of Chairman Mao Zedong, architect of the Great Proletariat Cultural Revolution, is still very much in evidence across China’s landscape. In 1959 Mao launched a 20-year period of industrialization and socio-economic realignment, rejecting western ideals and social codes.

Sichuan Pendi

E

ha nS

Warm, humid conditions have caused intensive erosion of south China’s karst areas, producing spectacular jagged peaks and vast caves in the limestone.

ua

DI A N I

Wanding

The Yangtze is China’s longest river and the principal navigable waterway.

D

Zayü

Shifting sand dunes are found in the arid west of River-eroded the northeast China Plain, fine soils while the eastern part of this great expanse is wet and swampy. Thick blanket of loess

North China Plain

C

Namjagbarwa Fen Zogang g 7756m

150 The loess plateau of northern China is the world’s greatest expanse of loess, a loose soil made up of wind-blown material. The plateau has been heavily eroded by tributaries of the Yellow River.

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gd

N

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BHUTA

Kangto 7102m

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Mount Everest 8848m

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m The Plateau of Tibet occupies about a quarter of China’s total area. The Yangtze, Mekong, Indus and Brahmaputra rivers all originate in the south and east of the plateau.

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Gladaind ong Feng n g6621m Tanggula Shankou gu l a 6070m

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The Himalayas extend along the southwestern edge of the Plateau of Tibet, forming a continuous mountain barrier over 1500 miles (2500 km) long.

am

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Plateau of Tibet

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id

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Har Hu

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Tarim Basin (Tarim Pendi)

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Muztag 6973m Feng

 Paektu-san, at 9023 ft (2750 m), is North Korea’s highest peak; an extinct volcanic cone now filled by a crater lake.

The Gobi Desert extends across the Nei Mongol Gaoyuan; a vast saucer-shaped upland surrounded by a rim of higher mountains.

Yumendong

Boluozhuan

on

13

Yumen

A N MA) M Y AU R M

The East Asian landmass is arranged in three distinct levels, the highest of which is the Plateau of Tibet in the southwest. The arid uplands of northwestern China form a barren middle step. The main rivers flow eastward from these two platforms to the East China and South China sea coasts, across a broad region of alluvial lowlands and low hills.

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Ever-increasing demand for rail transportation has led to major improvment and expansion of the network, notably the 690 mile (1100 km) link between Golmud and Lhasa opened in 2006.

11

m Hu

Mazong Shan 2584m

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 Coal is China’s most abundant mineral resource. This mine at Fuxin in Liaoning province is used to provide coal for a nearby power station.

70,991 miles (114,262 km)

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12,740 miles (20,506 km)

n

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829,790 miles (1,335,571 km)

150

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capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

The transport network

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car manufacture chemicals electronics engineering finance food processing iron & steel shipbuilding textiles

an

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Large-scale industrial growth has always been a priority of the Communist government. Metals and machine production, chemicals and engineering are among the leading industries, concentrated in the major cities of the east coast. Textiles and clothing manufacture, the main consumer goods sector, is relatively well dispersed, with a few significant centres such as Shanghai, Beijing and Hong Kong.

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China, the world’s most populous nation, has an unbroken cultural history, longer than that of any other country, and is rapidly emerging as a leading world power. When Mao Zedong established Communist rule in 1949, China had become a backward feudal empire, stricken by civil war and over a century of European and Japanese incursions. The closed regime withstood the traumas of rapid industrialization, communalized farming and the brutal purges of the Cultural Revolution but, since the 1980s has introduced economic reforms, led by expanded foreign trade. China’s population is heavily concentrated in the east and, despite accelerating urban growth, remains predominantly rural. One cultural group, the Han, make up over 90% of the people, while five ‘Autonomous Regions’ have been established in the south and west for the main ethnic minorities.

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50

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 The Great Wall of China remains one of the world’s largest-ever construction projects, and is so vast that it is visible from space. Sections were added as late as 1640 and it runs for over 4000 miles (6400 km) from the Yellow Sea to Central Asia.

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100,000 to 500,000

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146

Elevation

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m The Lhasa He is one of the many rivers which drain the vast Plateau of Tibet. From its source in the Nyainqêntanglha Shan range and fed by the spring meltwater, it eventually joins the upper Brahmaputra 40 miles (65 km) southwest of Lhasa.

11

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Land use and agricultural distribution

RUSSIAN FEDERATION

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Agriculture is constrained by the cold, dry climate and lack of fertile soils in the region, although irrigation and glasshouse farming are increasing agricultural potential. Large quantities of fruit, like melons and grapes, are grown at the oases of Hami and Turpan in Xinjiang, and new irrigation schemes have greatly increased cotton and wheat production in the Tarim Basin (Tarim Pendi). Most of the great area of Tibet and Qinghai is devoted to pastoralism. Sheep are the principal livestock.

13

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Using the land 12

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Scale 1:7,000,000

lt

yt

5

Map key

A

Ba

4

N

A

He

The plateaux and basins of China’s dry, desolate western domain are sparsely populated and largely undeveloped, although they have rich mineral reserves; they also form a critical buffer zone for China, in a geographically important and culturally sensitive part of the Asian continent. Across most of the west, the Han Chinese are outnumbered by a range of cultural groups, including the Uygur, the largest group of the various semi-nomadic Muslim peoples from Central Asia. The remote, inhospitable Plateau of Tibet is the world’s coldest and highest plateau. It has been occupied by the Chinese since 1950. Tibet is one of western China’s five ‘Autonomous Regions’, but its reclusive Buddhist culture has been systematically undermined by the Chinese government.

2

RUSSIAN FEDERATION

J

L

M

U

ASIA: WESTERN CHINA P

Q

R

S

The landscape

T

U

W

Dzungarian Basin (Junggar Pendi)

The Tien Shan reach elevations of over 24,419 ft (7443 m) and have permanent ice fields, from which large glaciers extend.

X

Y

 The Bogda Shan, an eastward arm of the Tien Shan range, rise high above the Turpan Depression (Turpan Pendi).

1

O

The Turpan Depression (Turpan Pendi) is the lowest and hottest place in China. Temperatures can exceed 117°F (47°C) around the lake of Aydingkol Hu, which lies 505 ft (154 m) below sea level.

 The terrain of the Plateau of Tibet consists of mountain peaks and open plateaux, dotted with brackish lakes. These are probably remnants of the Tethys Sea, which covered the area before it was uplifted following the collision of the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates.

Barkol Hu Barkol

Yiwu Wutongwozi Naran Quan Sebstein

Bulag

Barchan sand dunes in Takla Makan Desert (Taklimakan Shamo)

Gongpoquan

Xingxingxia

Mazong Shan 2584m i

Changweiliang

i d

a

m

P

I

Hoh Sai Hu

Ulan Ul Hu

Be

Q um

i l u He

a r He

To n

Erdaogou Tog ton He

Gladaindong Feng 6621m

I

Tanggula Shan 6205m

Wenquan

Da

m

Zaqên Zadoi

Ru

n

S

N

S

160

m From its source, high in eastern Qinghai, the Yellow River starts on a 3395 mile (5464 km) journey to the Yellow Sea.

13

The transport network The construction of roads connecting Lhasa in Tibet with Sichuan, Qinghai and Xinjiang was achieved in the 1950s, in spite of the extreme physical conditions of the Plateau of Tibet.

14

O

L

I A

15

Hami

Yumen

Jiuquan

Yinchuan

Xining

Lanzhou

C H I N A

agribusiness chemicals coal engineering food processing iron & steel

T

U

nuclear testing oil textiles major towns major roads major industrial areas

V

A

R

A

Major industry and infrastructure

Y U N NA N

166

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ian Huanx i Huach eng g Maojin Qingch

Oil extraction at Yumen and in the Dzungarian and Qaidam basins has led to the growth of the RUSSIAN petrochemical industry and a range of heavy FEDERATION manufacturing plants in the cities of Lanzhou and Urumqi. Tibet, and most of Xinjiang, have little K industry beyond traditional handicrafts, ZA KA Karamay especially textiles at Hotan and Kashi, Shihezi Ürümqi located along the ancient A Turpan T S Z Silk Route. Nuclear and KYRGY TA space research testing JI KI Kashi ST Shache are carried out at Lop Nur AN Hotan in Xinjiang.

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Transport and industry

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L Yangbajain Gongbo'gyamda Lhünzhub Lhasa Dagzê Maizhokunggar Nyingchi (Bayizhen) Nyingchi (Pula) Doilungdêqên Qüxü Nêdong Sangri B Mainling ra h m a p ut r a Gonggar Zhanang Gyaca Qonggyai Qusum Nangxian Yamzho Yumco

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Kunlun Shankou 4849m

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Hoh Xil Hu

Har Hu

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Bayan Shan 5030m

Boluntay

Buka Daban 6860m

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Shandan

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ol

Hongwansi

Zhangye (Ganzhou)

Linze

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a

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Yuka He

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Pingluo Helan

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Gas Hure Hu

Q

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Z I Z H I Q U

Jiayuguan u) Jiuquan (Suzho

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Altun Shan 5798m

n

a

Yumen

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M O N G O L

Lop Nur

m The Tarim Basin (Tarim Pendi) has no permanent rivers. Rainfall from the surrounding Plateau of Tibet and Tien Shan ranges drains into the basin’s sand and gravel floor.

162

I

6

A

Anxi

Hongliuwan Boluozhuanjing

E

oS

Xijian Quan Qiaowan

Kox Kuduk

Kum Kuduk

N hu

Hongliuyuan

Oases at edge of basin

S H

Shankou

Tarim Basin (Tarim Pendi)

A

Yandun

5

C

Hami

AN

Shisanjianfang

Mount Everest is the world’s highest peak, at 29,029 ft (8848 m). The summit marks the border between China and Nepal.

ST

n S h a Qijiaojing

Sand dunes cover western parts of the the basin of Qaidam Pendi. Strong winds frequently carry the sands east, threatening the agricultural areas around the lake of Qinghai Hu.

I N

A

4

Lhasa

N

W

EP

AL

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17 IND

IA

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A vast glacial lake filled much of the Tarim Basin (Tarim Pendi) during the last Ice Age. This area is now occupied by the Takla Makan Desert (Taklimakan Shamo). A remnant of the lake, Lop Nur, forms the eastern margin, where it is fed by the Tarim He.

N M Y AU R M

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162

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Northwestern China is largely a region of internal drainage. The Tarim He flows only as far as Lop Nur, where its water is lost by evapotranspiration from the lake and land surface.

M

M

The Himalayas mark the southwestern edge of the Plateau of Tibet, an extreme mountain wilderness which occupies nearly a quarter of China’s total area. A large structural depression, the Qaidam Pendi, lies at its northeastern edge. The Kunlun mountain chain isolates the plateau from the desert to the north, where the Tien Shan range forms a spur between the Tarim Basin (Tarim Pendi) and Dzungarian Basin (Junggar Pendi).

V

A

O

X I

N

(B

Z

159

ASIA E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

Eastern China

162

TA I WA N , A n h u i , B e i j i n g , C h o n g q i n g , F u j i a n , G u a n g d o n g , G u a n g x i , Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, S h a n d o n g , S h a n g h a i , S h a n x i , S i c h u a n , T i a n j i n , Yu n n a n , Z h e j i a n g

X

150

100m / 328ft

0

sea level

projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

C

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E

250

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G UA N GX I Z H UA N G Z U Z I Z H IQ U H Tiany

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166

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V I E T N A M

Weizhou Dao

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 The former Portuguese territory of Macao, with its colonial architecture, bars and casinos, reverted to Chinese rule in 1999.

300 200

Lingling

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250

Tongdao

300

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50

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(Lengshuitan

Qia

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150

Yongzhou

Z Xinning

Jingzhou

Yo

17

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Dongkou Shaoyang

Nanning

Jinghong

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Scale 1:7,750,000 Km

Zhenyuan

He

Yanshan Wenshan

Hongjiang

Rongjiang

Loudi

Huaihua

n

Wuyang He

Dushan

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1000m / 3281ft

below 10,000

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Shangluo F u n D

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2000m / 6562ft

10,000 to 50,000

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ang

Naxi h S Gongxian Xishui Xuyong Tongzi Junlian Gulin Fenggang Daguan e H i Chi shu Zuny i Zhenxiong Jinsha Bijie Zh

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Chi jiang Fuxian Hu Mile Jiang Xilin Yuxi an np Guangnan Tonghai

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3000m / 9843ft

50,000 to 100,000 16

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Linshui Sichuan P e Hechuan Q n d i CHONGQING Leshan Dazu Emei Shan

)

100,000 to 500,000

i

L i n g

Han Shui

chong

Yibin

J a ng

Q i n

Wanyuan

Langzhong

Renshou

ang

4000m / 13,124ft

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g Ji

500,000 to 1 million

N

R an Sh o la Ai he Shan Lis ng lia

6000m / 19,686ft

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Shuangbai Dian

Jia n

Suining

Jianyang

Dongchuan

Dayao

U

Chengdu Xinjin

Ya’an

Huize

Panzhihua

Simao

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1 million to 5 million

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Huili

Pu’er

Menghai

166

above 5 million

Wu

nd

Me k o n g ( L a n

Elevation

Population

Y Lincang

R A M ) A N MA M Y( B U R Na

ancer

Zhaojue

Ningnan

Yongren Ling o a

uan

Deyang

Meishan

Xi’an

Wangcang

Hanyuan 3099m Zigong Wutongqiao Qianwei Min J

Weishan Nanhua Chuxiong Kunming

Wanding e

Qionglai Shan

Dali

Fengqing

H ing

Yalong Jiang

Er Hai

Shuangjia ng

Map key

Linfen Houma Fen He

an Linyi Sh Heyang o a Yuncheng Pucheng i t ng Zho Sanyuan Sanmenxia n Lingbao S h a H e Weinan o o uSongxian

SHAAN XI

Bazhong

Mianyang Wench

Lixian

Erlang Shan 3437m

Dechang

Guangyuan

Jiangyou

Maoxian

Yuexi Mianning Meigu

Yanyuan

Lijiang Jianchuan

Baoshan

13

15

Yulong Xuesh an 5596m

Yongping

Ruili

Muli

Pingwu

Wei He

Taibai Shan 3767m

Hanzhong

Mi c

Songpan

S I C H U A Nanbu Dujiangyan N Nan

Kangding

Jiulong

Lüeyang Mianxian

Qionglai

Gongga Shan 7556m

Xamgyi’nyil ha

Er yuan

m On the hills above the North China Plain, slopes are terraced to utilize the rich loess soils of the Taihang Shan range.

Danba

e Shan

pasture cropland forest mountain region

Luxi

14

Daxu

Fugong

166

capital cities major towns

Tropic of C

Qianning Litang Yajiang

Litang Qu

12

i He

11

hu

cattle pigs cereals corn (maize) cotton fishing peanuts rice sugar cane tea

Dawu

ns

Salween

Land use and agricultural distribution

a n Yun Ling Sh n Mekong (Lancang Jiang)

in

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Heishui

Barkam

u

ua

h

C Hainan th D ao S o u S e a

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Hong Kong

VIETN AM OS

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AR NM A) YA M M BU R (

10

TA I WA N

Guangzhou

Batang

g lin Jia Fengxi

an

Longriba

Luhuo

Baiyü

H

Kunming

TAIPEI

Garzê

D

Fuzhou

Zoigê

Waqên

Zamtang

ia

C H I NA

Sêrtar

Qu

Wuhan

E a st China Sea

an

Shaluli Shan

Yellow Sea

Xi'an

Chengdu

Sh

Xianyang Baoji

Jia

Hongyuan

og

Qingdao

Shanghai Hangzhou

INDIA

158

Manigangg o

ag Jiang Chn

H

INA

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k Ny i

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Taiyuan

8

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Bo Hai Tianjin

H

Hongtong

Yichuan

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G A N S U

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Baiyu Shan Zichang Wuqi

158

158

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Huangling

This is a region of intensive cultivation. Wheat, millet, sorghum and cotton are the main crops of the Yellow River basin. South from Sichuan, rice becomes the principal crop, grown with wheat, corn and cotton along the Yangtze river. Tea is produced in the hills and sugar cane along the coast of the southeast, where flat land is limited. Pigs and poultry are raised in great numbers.

7

e(

Hengshan

Fuxian

6

Hu ang

Yulin

5

Using the land and sea

Ye l l o w

Shenmu

Hongliu He

IA

n

)

I

E

N

158

NIN G

4

O

M

m North of the Qin Ling range in Shaanxi province, is an agriculturally fertile region covered with fine, wind-blown deposits and known as the loess plateau. The loose sediments are vulnerable to water erosion.

Qin He

The east is China’s heartland. Massive industrial development since 1949 has transformed much of the densely populated rural landscape, in a region still prone to flooding and drought. Over 30 cities have populations of over a million, including the giant metropolis of Shanghai and the capital Beijing, which has been China’s cultural and political centre since the 13th century. The ethnically diverse southwest and the oil-rich interior provinces of Sichuan and Shaanxi have largely missed out on the remarkable economic growth occurring in designated free-trade areas along the coasts of the South and East China seas. The republic of Taiwan was established in 1949 by Chinese nationalists ousted from the mainland by the victorious Communist forces. Taiwan now has one of the strongest economies in the world but its sovereignty is not recognized by China. Hong Kong provides a major international trade link for China; a 99-year ‘lease’ period of British control was concluded in 1997.

G

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L

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L u Lüliang Shan y

1

z hu

D

G

C

g

B

L

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J

Zhanjiang

Donghai Dao Leizhou

Xuwen ia Qiongzhou Haix

Haikou Lingao

Chengmai ang Wenchang Yang p u G Danzhou Changjiang Dongfang H a i n a n D a o Qionghai ing uL Wuzhi Shan Wanning Lim Wuzhishan 1867m HAINA N Lingshui

Jiusuo

Sanya

ASIA: EASTERN CHINA N

LI

Zhangjiakou

nhua Yanggao Xua

Luanping Ya n

S h a n

BEIJING Zunhua SHI

Qinglong

V

W

X

Y

1

The Yellow river carries more sediment than any other river on Earth – approximately 1600 million tons (tonnes) per year. Floods caused by the breaching of the river’s high banks have claimed many millions of human lives through history.

The Sichuan Pendi (Red Basin), lies at the foot of the Plateau of Tibet between the Qin Ling range in the north and the limestone uplands of Yunnan and Guizhou to the south. Hills extend from Yunnan to the rocky southeast coast, dividing the Yangtze and Xi Jiang basins. The North China Plain is composed of sediment carried by the Yellow River from the loess plateau in the northwest.

Qian’an

an

Lu

Huailai

Datong

Pingquan

Chengde

U

The landscape

162

ING

D Zhangbei

Longhua

T

N AO

Anguli Nur

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Weichang

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Z

H

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Q

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2

He Beijing Qinhuangdao Yutian e nH gli a an n n Ch xia g gru an n g Fen Lu San a Huairen Sh n Yuxian an Langfang sh ng Ta Shanyin TIANJIN Zhuozhou SHI Laiyuan Jum North China Plain Shuozhou Wutai Shan Xushui a H Bazhou Ha Intensive weathering of a great mass i He i Ding) (Beita e hai Daixian of limestone has left spectacular B oh a 3058m Jinghai B o Loess plateau i Yangtze Hai x i a sheer-sided limestone pinnacles Wa n Baoding Renqiu Yuanping River Dingzhou ngzhou around Guilin in Guangxi. They rise Ca Xinzhou Ko Hutuo abruptly from flat valley floors e lai Qin Ling He h Peng Botou i He a ng u composed of deposited sediment. Hu Yantai Weihai Xuanh Xinji Limestone landforms are widespread L ai zh ou ngkou Lo ying ng qiao Do Wu in the southeast. Jinzhong Yangquan Hengshui Wan n g B a n d a o Wendeng n o hou d a Dez ou (Yuci) n Laiyang hou Laizh Huimin Fuy ha ) Binz r S Neiqiu e Boxing iv Rushan Nangong Linyi w R Laixi Yucheng Xingtai Zibo Qingzhou Pingdu g Weixian WeifanGa omi L ao r) Anqiu Linqing Boshan Qinxian shan Wan u ho oz Jia Wu’an wu Lai eng Liaoch Cixian l The vast Sichuan Pendi is one Anyang Zhucheng Pingyin Tai’an Ye Xintai of China’s leading rice producing Yishui e( Changzhi H n Suncu areas. The humid climate and Gaoping ng Juxian gyi Hebi Puya u Pin zho Yan Rizhao accelerated weathering have Qixian Qufu an ing Jun Jincheng Jin produced a rich soil, while its Huaxian (Shizilu) Linyi Heze Juye Huojia hou) climate is moderated by the Nanyang Hu Xinxiang huang Ganyu (Qing Jinxiang oz Za qiu Feng encircling mountains. Qinyang Jiaozuo Hu n an nxia g ish Sha We an ng feng Kai Lianyu Da Y an) ish u (Y n yu an Dangshan Gu Xinyi e Binhai Xiny i H Shangqiu ou zh Xu n qia Su an Xiaoxi Sheyang Ruzhou ang Funing Xuchang Taik Huaibei Suining Xi Jiang an (Huaiyin) Bozhou Yongcheng ai’ Hu cheng Xiang ou Yancheng Suzh Sha He ngze Hu Ho e yang Luoh Huai ian Six Guoyang Pingdingshan Zhoukou Mengcheng Xiping Gaoyou Hu Dongtai Taihe Yungui Gaoyuan Wuhe The terraced rice paddies of Fangcheng Feng nghua ng H ua H Zhumadian southeastern China illustrate the bu H u a i Mingg Gaoyou Xi Taizhou ng Be o Nanyang Fuyang Ruga significance of over 7000 years of Queshan Dingyuan Yangzhou Tanghe cultivation in shaping the landscape. Xincai Zhenjiang Nantong Chuzhou he Lu e Hu ai H ongming Ch Luoshan Course of the Yellow River Zaoyang T o Changshu Dao gjiang Kou Huangchuan Changzhou n Chan g b Xinyang Yeji han ns a’a M ai Feixi Chao Hu Pre 4BC Lu’an Tai Jinzhai HI Suizhou GuangshuiS h a n Hongqiao Chaohu (Ya Wuhu Hu Songjiang GHAanI S Da N A H S g b i e Tongcheng Sijiao Sh Hong’an Yixing m The eroded rocky features of an Sh Zhongxiang Anlu 4BC–AD1 he Jiaxing Xuancheng Macheng an u the Yungui Gaoyuan are Wu Jiang gorge un ho uz n a H Y p g n g lin a Wa n Tong Yunmeng a h s Yingshan testament to the Earth’s forces D g ou ao n Ya o gu ng Ni d C Xiaogan Zh un Zhoushan which have folded and eroded Anqing Chizhou Han Caidian Shangyu Q g 1234–1891 Huanggang this limestone region to produce Qianjiang Shui g Guangming Din e n u z Taih a t 1841m hi ngs u g ng Ezho Hua xi dramatic, incised river valleys, ao n Sh Po Hu Xiantao lu an ng exi To Sh Jingzhou Fenghua gorges and karst features. Liangzi Hu Hong Hu n Chun’an Shengzhou Xianning Ninghai Jianli m Over the past 2000 years, an gsh Jia Chibi an Hu Ruichang o da Jiujiang Qian Lanxi  The Wu Jiang gorge is the Tiantai the downstream course of Chongyang an Hu ang W Poy n e Hu S a m n g n ai De’a an result of tectonic uplift on the an the Yellow River has altered Xianju Linh ng yan n Nanxian Yueyang he u Ji ez gd Sh Q Jin ua H Yongxiu i Yungui Gaoyuan plateau dramatically, unpredictably u Shu ho ing angshan iz Lep Ch u Ta i Dongting u f u a ou X Quzh h which has caused the rapid veering to the north and Hu Dexing hui ng S Lis M h S Xinjian downcutting of rivers across south across the North China Miluo grao Jiangshan Songyang Kuoca an g Sh Yiyang n Pingjiang ao D a li Yiyang the region, creating deep, Yuhuan Plain, and flooding vast xi Jiu n iang ngx ou Do a steep-sided valleys. Wenzh Gao’an Yanshan Xi expanses of land. Shanggao gtan n Yin i’a Ru g Wencheng Jin Jian e ng g ng en ya ch ng Pu Pi Wanzai Fuzhou Xiangtan Yichun Xinyu ingxi) Wuyishan Songxi ui Cangnan (L Nancheng n Sh 192 Yua Xiangxiang Zhuzhou g di on Fu ng Zher g n) an ha ny Jia Liling (Tongs Pingxiang Fu’an gfeng Yon an u Sh n’o Jia Dayu Shaowu han Nanfeng Modern industry is concentrated in the coastal gS Ningde Hengshan Mi S Taining on Ji’an i hui Jin nping ug Na provinces, with dramatic new growth in Guangdong, W Xi Mi Taihe Luoyuan n Ji Hengyang Jiangle ang Sekibi-sho iang nj based on foreign investment. Chemicals, iron and steel, Lia Jinggangshan o Ningdu Mazu Daan G n) hima Yanling tó i (to Taiw ) Uotsuri-s -sho guo g J Leiyang u Xing k n engineering and textiles are leading activities around a uan k a n Suich i e S a, X Sanming by Chin (claimed Taiwan) Pengjia Yu Yudu ua Yu Dao ’an n and Beijing and Shanghai, the two largest industrial centres. In n nh ng Zixing pa ita Yo ia Ja Ha M eng jin nch Rui Lia Huaping Yu Fuqing Ganzhou a Putian Chenzhou Jilong the interior provinces, large fossil fuel reserves support uan oy D Ta an iw I) Ta Nankang Nanri Dao (TAIPE Xinfeng Taoyuan Zhangping heavy industry around major cities such as Wuhan and g n n D i’a Yizhang Hu Yilan Li Xinzhu uan Long yan n Nan’an Chengdu. Taiwan’s broad-based manufacturing economy zhou ng Any e Shan an Zhunan Su’ao a i Xu Qu L u N D ay 3884m Shanghang Tong’an Jinjiang Miaoli i Xunwu specializes in hi-tech goods. Hong Kong is a major Dazhuoshu hi en gs Lianzhou Xiam Shaoguan g Don on h Pinghe iz o Ta Da Qujiang an n financial centre and international entrepôt. li me Jin Hua Zhangzhou Meizhou (to Taiwan) Lianping Zhanghua Fenglin Dabu Yangshan pu u Major industry lin ang to an Zh an Yu N Weng yuan A Penghu Douliu Ruisui Yingde Xingning and infrastructure ncer IN Yuli Shan Yunxiao Liedao Longchuan Tropic of Ca 2155m li o Da Yu n Xinfengjiang Huaiji u hua ho ngc aoz Do Magong Heyuan Fengshun Ch Jiayi car manufacture n an Qing yuan Shuiku Chenghai Jieyang D ong ng BEIJING Tianjin Xinying chemicals Nan’ao Dao i l im cla u n i wa Tai Q Taiyuan electronics Shantou (China and Qingdao ritory) Tainan ter Jinan s er' g oth on h Taid Puning all of eac engineering Chaoyang Baiyun Zhaoqing Huizhou Haifeng Dao finance Pingdong Lü Zhengzhou Yellow Sea Lufeng food processing Yunfu Foshan Dongguan Gaoxiong INA ai Xi'an iron & steel H Lan Yu gh n Shanwei Fangshan Nanjing Shenzhen Jiangmen pharmaceuticals Shanghai Hengchun Eluan Bi CH I NA shipbuilding Zhongshan Chep Lap i Channel Wuhan sh Kok Ba Chengdu textiles Zhuhai Lantau Chongqing E a st China Macao Island inistrative capital cities (Special (Landao) (Special Adm S ea Changsha Nanchang INDIA major towns 192 Administrative Region) Region) international airports Shangchuan Dao TAIPEI Xiachuan Guiyang major roads Dao TA I WA N major industrial areas Kunming

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 The Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze river (Chang Jiang) in Hubei Province, China is the largest hydro-electic scheme in the world. The dam is 7575 ft (2309 m) long and 607 ft (185 m) high, creating a reservoir 410 miles (660 km) long that has the potential to generate 22.5 GW of electricity when operating at full capacity. The reservoir will also allow much-needed flood control on the lower Yangtze river (Chang Jiang).

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The transport network China’s Grand Canal (Da Yunhe), built in the 13th century, is the world’s longest artificial waterway, running 1100 miles (1770 m) from Beijing to Hangzhou. Despite restoration work, not all of the canal is currently navigable.

X

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17

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161

ASIA A

B

C

D

E

F

G

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Northeastern China, Mongolia & Korea

1

M O N G O L IA , N O RT H KO R E A , SO U T H KO R E A , H ei lo ng j ia ng , I n n e r M o ngo lia , J i li n , L ia o n i ng This northerly region has for centuries been a domain of shifting borders and competing colonial powers. Mongolia was the heartland of Chinghiz Khan’s vast Mongol empire in the 13th century, while northeastern China was home to the Manchus, China’s last ruling dynasty (1644–1911). The mineral and forest wealth of the northeast helped make this China’s principal region of heavy industry, although the outdated state factories now face decline. South Korea’s state-led market economy has grown dramatically and Seoul is now one of the world’s largest cities. The austere communist regime of North Korea has isolated itself from the expanding markets of the Pacific Rim and faces continuing economic stagnation.

122

Population

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above 5 million

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158

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The great North China Plain is largely enclosed by mountain ranges including the Great and Lesser Khingan Ranges (Da Hinggan Ling and Xiao Hinggan Ling) in the north, and the Changbai Shan, which extend south into the rugged peninsula of Korea. The broad steppeland plateau of Nei Mongol Gaoyuan borders the southeastern edge of the great cold desert of the Gobi which extends west across the southern reaches of Mongolia. In northwest Mongolia the Altai Mountains and various lesser ranges are interspersed with lakeland basins.

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Map key

F

R U S S I A N

ul

4

m The Eurasian steppe stretches from the mouth of the Danube in Europe, to Mongolia. In Mongolia, nomadic people have lived in felt huts called yurts or gers, for thousands of years.

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MON GOLIA

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Lesser Khingan Range (Xiao Hinggan Ling)

15

a

Zhuozi Shan 2148m

n

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Shamo

17

A

162

B

The Yellow River sweeps north around the Ordos Desert (Mu Us Shadi), bringing water to an otherwise barren region.

C

D

Columns of basalt rock protrude in occasional clusters from the flat surface of the eastern Gobi. Their regular, six-sided form was produced when the rock cooled and contracted from its molten state.

E

158

 The wooded mountain range of T’aebaek-sanmaek forms the backbone of the Korean peninsula, running north–south along the eastern coastline.

A crater lake occupies the 9023 ft (2750 m) snowy summit of the extinct Great Khingan volcano Paektu-san, the Range (Da highest peak in the mountains Hinggan Ling) of the Changbai Shan.

F

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158

The Altai Mountains are the highest and longest of the mountain ranges which extend into Mongolia from the northwest. These mountains provide one of the last refuges for the endangered snow leopard.

Xinzhao Shan 2515m

Un Hotong Qaga Nur u Galutu Dabqig M

Changbai Shan

16

M

Wuyuan Ulansuhai Nur Xishanzui Wulashan

Wuhai Jartai Yanchi (Haibowan)

Suhait

A

14

Tributaries of the Amur river follow U-shaped valleys through the Great Khingan Range (Da Hinggan Ling). These were cut by ice-age glaciers between 3 and 10 million years ago.

G

m The Gobi desert stretches from Central Asia, through Mongolia and into China. Bare rock surfaces, rather than sand dunes, typify the cold desert landscape of the Gobi.

m Much of Mongolia and Inner Mongolia is a vast desert area. To the south and east, a semi-arid region extends into China proper.

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SEA OF JAPAN (EAST SEA)

Mongolia and Inner Mongolia rely heavily on livestock farming, with only about 1% of the land area cultivated. Northeastern China produces wheat, corn, soya beans and sugar beet. The cool climate limits the range of crops and large upland areas of the northeast remain forested. Rice is the staple food of North and South Korea. The latter has become a leading ocean-fishing nation.

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goats pigs sheep corn (maize) fishing rice soya beans sugar beet wheat

sa

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Land use and agricultural distribution

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Using the land and sea

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 While North Korea has remained politically and economically isolated from the rest of the world, South Korea has enjoyed immense economic growth. It has benefited considerably from US economic aid in the aftermath of the Korean war of 1950–1953.

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pharmaceuticals shipbuilding textiles

car manufacture chemicals coal electronics engineering finance food processing iron & steel

North Korea’s centrally-planned economy is strongly oriented towards heavy industry, while South Korea has a broad manufacturing base which includes textiles, steel, electronics, and one of the world’s largest shipbuilding industries. Mongolia and Inner Mongolia’s great mineral resource potential is largely undeveloped. The heavy industrial region around Shenyang produces iron, steel, chemicals and cement on a massive scale.

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Transport and industry

m Ulan Bator, the Mongolian capital bears many of the hallmarks of Soviet-style central planning, the result of economic and industrial assistance from the Soviet Union following Mongolian independence in 1921.

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Land use and agricultural distribution cattle pigs fishing cereals citrus fruits fruit herbs rice root crops tobacco

urban 78%

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A number of rivers which emerge from the volcanic parts of northwestern Honshu are so highly acidic that their water is unsuitable for irrigation and consumption.

E O C

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 Cutting terraces maximizes the limited agricultural land, enabling Japan to produce large quantities of rice.

 Trees cling to the sheer slopes of the waterfalls on the northern island of Hokkaido. The island’s climate is similar to that in northern Europe, with long, cold winters and short, warm summers.

Strong southeasterly winds blowing onshore during the winter create sand dunes which extend for miles along the eastern coasts.

Rising land on the Pacific coast of Honshu leads to typical features such as raised beaches, some lying over 1000 ft (300 m) above sea level.

Biwa-ko is the largest lake in Japan, covering 260 sq miles (673 sq km) in central Honshu. The depression in which it lies was created by recent faulting of the underlying rocks.

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Suzumisak i a n t ó Suzu h o No t Noto ó t o T og i Dógo -sh Noto ki -ji Dóze O Nana ma Saig Hak Hi n o ó Ito ui mi Naka Toyam Asahi igawa no-sh Taka Chib ima a Myó o uri-ji Kana k ma Oki zawaOyabe a wan Kurobe 2k4ó4-s6amn Kam Ko r -kaiky e i M S ó U h I A o at SH I K im a zu a Kam g ne AWA tó Jóh Tonami Toyam N i-Ts ata ush ana T M - h a nt ó a agano Miku Kaga ima Tsu OYAM Tais Hirata atsu J n K i s hi m z i omat e Sa ó-zaki ha A K su a Yariga Óma óshoku kaim Izum H -t chi aku-s Echiz H Fuku ak i o Mi-s an F Yasu en-m 3180me Óda Yon nato Aoya amasaka i him 2 K u g 7 y 0 r is i 2 u ó aki Sa m ago Sanb Kis ga kawa Kasu a Mit Ue M Kats Ham S H ba mi Okuta -misaki s 1126 e-san uki K Taka atsumNoAG A Nda uyam To Ku ada I M A ng Tak e Óno Tsu ushim m M yama Yoko ófu to O a Kóshim a NE TOT rayoshi ttori Toyookahantó on efu F U ta a Mas isumi saki w Tsun a a s N TOR KUI Waka uda Susa o - sh Kats -dake orikura Shiojir hi Hid c I M ó T n d i i I i 3 u u s S a s m a C m 0 A iy i u h y k h 2 H s s ir 6m hizu ama ruga azu bu ajó Kan a Nag achim Higa otori Okay Wak Wadayam a k u - M Tójó mur Hóh an ato Hag Nógó a Niim Kat i-ya Obam asa a 157 G oku i iyosh h ú go sum Tsuy i a 1617mhaku-san ero Fuku Maizu 1339ma C K HIR i oto ama H Ató Ikun O Chino m r c a O I u h K Iki m k o Shim YÓG SHIM iyam e Yam YAMA G Taka a In A z I a Y u F U hash A M Yam O ono KYÓ a Biw aguc GUC A Koma Azu Ik i Gen Seki N Kanayam A i azak s G a T chie gane Ó O h k i T k a F k i f a H o gaki atsu uch i u i Ono katsu Sój Hi Ó-sh -na ai I Ómi Nish no Kasa Óta da gawa Bize da Shiran iwak hach SHIGA Ic ima Hirgoashi- ú Kurash a Nak i ke U Inuya n Him e-san Kófu i h iman i i a s n k Ojik ku-jim m h m Hir o K i e i a miya 3192m YA a ma ameo Ono Kusa a-ji a Hir ado Karat Kakoji M Nóg tsu Toku Fuk Kure su ma a Kasu Iida Iw Taka ka Mih gawa ata S Ube Hóf uyam Tono Kuw shimdogai Kas ara razu uóu K yama akuni shó a Ima Ó uga FUK a n a S A Y t a n k e Y o s k S a t a uk u kkaich o da ashi UOK Shód uda ri AG ó Itami Sas ma o-sh Fuk Mar Óno i A Buzuehashi Tak A Fujin ett Suita Uji Tóka Toyota ima Ó S ue-j u u jó n omiy AKA NAG ebo T Matstsu ima iA Him ó-r Ima Kan'o game Sa Tak S S t u a O A A K o z a n e r A g a b n I k H u ishiw jó kaid am -jim ikaw CHI Shitara HIZUOK G k óri N ji a eo S a S ó y a r B a A j U a U i ó u r a e e a m Óse A a KI a sa ngo ga Okaz no t K Heig Kans ada s Nar a K G u A S H -zak S a u T magó himiz Fuji aki Sh a G AW un-t Izum ai akad Na ita Ó I T r ao k Fuk S T u N a a s i Ó m a i Ó g u r ó i N izuo ba u Yam a aham jó isano Izum ue mut mur A K iiham Iy Toyo Waka Toyoh i e e Bep A a a iótsu ashihara ri Nag kawa Fujied ka a Iked Kum o Kits I y o - n a d a Ó a ashi yama pu Wak Mats a asa uk i Yam Kujú-san a zu a i T u s aga 1792 K a i n Isah o Ara k a Y w E k s a a Ó u n Min ki k c o aiz oi TOK hi a Hama N Toku ita m o aya Shim Yaw HIME Shik am Nom Misa na Iwata Kakegaw u atah shim Kainan Hakken-zAanRA KikuBungo- Inuk Óto Tsuru USHIM Ise Toba MIE ki a H Ama o-zaki ishimab abara yo ama Óno ai chi -k g a A ia o 1 m U U s 9 1 15m 955m an M wa Taka ara waji Usu k KÓC Ago ki ma mor E n s h ú - n a d a amatsu atsuzaki nad u sac hi HI T i Yusu Tsuk a Sh Amaku im Sob aketa Gob -san OwKa ii-Nagashim Daió-zaki hara Su Kóc imo i umi ó Mug i sa ó Iró-za Sh K UM K 1757o-san s A h ak i se Onig ki i ki m a A Hong jima Kain i Saik Yats M OT 1151 ajó-yam an i Kum Ush a-wan m Tana ú s Tóy a Kub k O o u T s a h o ibu n b okaw o o iro e WA K r ka i a Nag A Mur sh a-sh Suku Nakam Iman Susa YA M A o ima Yat su mo Shin ur a Yun mi o-ya Muro to Nob oma ma KamAkune to-za Nach gú Kush e e 8 O T K 6 o k k 5 osaikats imoto i k Ichif ino-s m Kosh Shim oshi ia S uura u k h Is hima sa Hyú iki-j oi-jim Hito imiz 1 Shion Óima ga Kiris a yosh 727m -yama u a Ashiz shima o him i misak uri-m ó T a t s t y u a i e no MI ma isaki Sats 1 a -r Kob YA Z A Takana u 700m jim ayas be KAG ma-Sen KI iki hi hM d O a s i SHI Ko N inamis Miya  Autumnal trees near Gifu, on central M a oma On-t A zaki -zak tsuma Taru Honshu, create a spectacular display. Native Miy miz 1117make i akon Mak u trees on this island include camphor, pasania, Shib ojó uraz ush aki Ibu N i ichi Japanese evergreen oak, camellia and holly. suk  The Kobe earthquake in January nan i Kan Yam Kus oya him aga Kus 1995 highlighted Japan’s vulnerability wa a aga ó t n T to earthquakes, despite technological gun kiSa Kuro i-ha Uchin oi-misa tó Ósum oura ki -shim ta-misa advances. It shattered much of the ki a Ió-ji ó infrastructure of this important port. ma Take Ó s u m i - k a i k y Kuc -shim hino More than 5000 people died as a erab Mag u-jim e-sh buildings and overhead highways ima a Nish collapsed and fires broke out. inoo m Kam o Tan iyak ega- te u shim A D I J Min a ami Yaku tane -s

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There are over 60 active volcanoes – like Asahi-dake, Hokkaido’s highest peak – throughout Japan. This accounts for more than 10% of the world’s total.

The Inland Sea (Seto-naikai) has resulted from the depression of faulted blocks which has allowed sea water to invade the region between northern Shikoku and western Honshu.

ina Ch East

15

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885 people per sq mile (342 people per sq km)

S e a

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Mount Fuji

In much of Kyushu the coast is subsiding, giving a highly indented coastline. In some places, former hilltops are barely visible above the current sea level.

10

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Population density

9

12

40

capital cities major towns

 Mount Fuji is Japan’s highest mountain, rising 12,388 ft (3776 m) above the Kanto Plain in the central region of Honshu. The flat land below is suitable for growing crops such as tea. Like many Japanese mountains, it is revered as a sacred site.

m Japan is part of an arc of volcanic islands, formed by the Pacific Plate diving under the Eurasian Plate. This process generates intense stress which is periodically released as earthquakes.

8

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Yokohama

Japan Trench (subduction zone)

Active volcanic island

M

rural 22%

The islands of Japan lie on the Pacific ‘Ring of Fire’, and form a series of clearly defined arcs. The largely mountainous landscape was formed very recently in geological terms. Volcanic eruptions and earthquakes continue to reshape the terrain and to shake the country’s complex infrastructure. There is no one continuous mountain range; the mountains divide into many small land blocks separated by lowlands and dissected by numerous river valleys. Sea of Japan (East Sea)

L

The urban/rural population divide

The landscape

6

K

Although only about 11% of Japan is suitable for cultivation, substantial government support, a favourable climate and intensive farming methods enable the country to be virtually self-sufficient in rice production. Northern Hokkaido, the largest and most productive farming region, has an open terrain and climate similar to that of the US Midwest, and produces over half of Japan’s cereal requirements. Farmers are being encouraged to diversify by growing fruit, vegetables and wheat, as well as raising livestock.

Kagoshima

5

J

a

In the years since the end of the Second World War, Japan has become the world’s most dynamic industrial nation. The country comprises a string of over 4000 islands which lie in a great northeast to southwest arc in the northwest Pacific. Four major islands: Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu are home to the great majority of Japan’s population of 128 million people, although the mountainous terrain of the central region means that most cities are situated on the coast. A densely populated industrial belt stretches along much of Honshu’s southern coast, including Japan’s crowded capital, Tokyo. Alongside its spectacular economic growth and the increasing westernization of its cities, Japan still maintains a most singular culture, reflected in its traditional food, formal behavioural codes, unique Shinto religion and a deep reverence for the emperor.

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Japan

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m The mountain of O-Akan-dake overlooks lakes and dense forest in the Akan National Park in eastern Hokkaido. The highest mountains lie in the centre of the island, with ranges over 6000 ft (1800 m) in the central mountain region.

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Kuril’sk Ómu ) Bifuka 2 s Nayor nd o Okopp a e l Uryú-k o Monb Ostrov Itu Is etsu Obira rup l i HorokAshibetsu Takinou Rumo Y r e a ú nai betsu i Shiretok u Mashik K o-misak Wassam ( e Sa ro i E ma-ko ngaru u Numat U To Shirata a tó Saroma koro ki Hama Fukag an K masu A am Kamu (Administered by Russian Federation, ba Shakota Abashir awa sh ik iri-ko - h Rausu-dak Asahik awa 3 i-mis i K n o it T a a mi kikaw k 1660m e r claimed by Japan) Atsuta Asahi-d awa Rubes Yobets aki -misaki I s a Ostrov K ake hibe u h A u-dak i k a k u Shari 2290m bira n Rausu e m a r i Suna Yuzhnoa Sekihoku sh B ih ir m A number of new volcanoes emerged in Japan o w 1298me ro Kuril’sk gawa Furub 1050m -tóge N ira a n Utash Tsubetsu Biei H O K K Kamo during the 20th century. They exist alongside older AIDÓ Bibai inai enai Yoichi Malokur Otaru Tóbets il’skoye K u ss u cones like this one in Aso-Kuju National Park on S ha h ro-ko ibetsu Rikubet Iwana Ostrov Sh Benke su Akan-ko O-A Mik i ikotan Kyushu, now dormant and grass-covered. kan-dak i-mis Iwamizasa N a 14 e a k 99 k i a m awa shibets Ebetsu Su Niseko Kutchan Kamis u Kurom ttsu hihoro Bekka Motsu Nemuro atsuna i ta-mis Eniwa Ashoro Yotei-za i Shinto aki Ostrov Zel Kimob n -w Karib a n S k himiz 1893m u ënyy etsu Nemuro Honbet Fúren-ko O u 1520ma-yama Seta su Chitoiwake Shik Obihir Tsuru Ak ntó Kitah na Population Abuta se a h Hidak o S o Tóya-kotsu-ko iyama ke hiranu shi Nemur a k o a Ochiish Horosh Ikeda above 5 million Kunn Date Okush Ham i-misaki Taisei iri-dak Tomak u iri-tó e Akkeshi-k anaka omai 2052m Uchii OnbetsuKushiro o Nobor A 1 million to 5 million u kk B r es U ir a ra h a ib N i to h akasatsu oro etsu Yakum- w a n ri Kuma nai -wan o ishi Muror 500,000 to 1 million an Taiki Shinhid Mori Kamui-d aka Shikab Esash 100,000 to 500,000 i e 1601m ake Kamin Mitsuis Nanae okuni hi 50,000 to 100,000 Kamii Hiroo M Urakaw inamiÓ-shim so a Kayab  Rugged terrain and thick forests made a u e 10,000 to 50,000 Saman Hakod Kikon i Hokkaido virtually inaccessible until the ate ai Erimo Fukush below 10,000 y k ó i im a Erimo-m 1890s. Many of Japan’s limited mineral a Matsu r uÓ- k Óma isaki mae a g m -z reserves, including coal, oil and copper, aki a Tsu Elevation are located on Hokkaido, but quantities TappiOsore-z zaki an Óhata Sh iriya-z are small and the cost of extraction high. 879m 6 Minm aki aya M u ts u Júsan-k Kanita 4000m / 13,124ft Kawau o c h i Nakasa Mutsu-wan to Go 3000m / 9843ft Yokoh AO M ama Aji shogaw ORI Fuka gasawa ara Rokka u Hena 2000m / 6562ft sho Japan is the world’s second largest market economy, outranked only shi-za ra A N o a m mioka ki ori Kurois Hiros Ogawara hi by the USA. Technological development, particularly of computers, 1000m / 3281ft ak i -ko Misaw Hakkó Yatate 7 Hach a -tóge san 15 da- Towa imori electronic goods, cars and motorcycles is second to none. Japanese  Known in the west as 500m / 1640ft 85m da 258m Ó S d a nnoh the ‘bullet train’, the Nosh Takano ate H a c industry invests in its workforce, and in long-term research and e h inohe su iro Takko 250m / 820ft Nyúdó Shinkansen is one of the Taneic -zaki K Nino Moriyo hi development to maintain the high standard of its products, and a he shi-zanazuno Karum fastest trains in the world. ó t 100m / 328ft ai Oga-han G 1454m A shiro It speeds past the ojóme reputation for innovation. Japanese businesses are now global both in K u Oga ji Kuzum ak i snow-capped peak of sea level Iwate Akita A KTI TA their manufacturing bases and in the distribution of goods. F udai Mount Fuji between the a I WA 8 Kawa zawa-ko TE cities of Tokyo and Osaka. be Morio ka Iwaizu Major industry and infrastructure m K i a kuno oHonjó Miyak d ga o Hayac wa Ómag ate research & development brewing ari -san 19 hine Kisak Tobi-sh 14m ata Ka shipbuilding car manufacture ima Yokote Hanam Yamadawai Todoga-sak i textiles chemicals ak i Wakkanai Yashim a K Yuzaw itakam winter sports hi-tech industry Ogach a i E i-tóge Sakat sa O sh gachi engineering i K a capital cities 427m Goyó-s amaishi Mizusa Tsuru finance 192 1341m an major towns o wa Kaney Ichino Atsum ka iron & steel ama Ó funato international airports Sapporo seki i Shinjó Sado research & development Rikuzen ga- H Awa-shima Sanpoku YA M AG A major roads -Takata Hasam TA shipbuilding Shim ajikiK e s major industrial areas e a n zaki numa a Kushiro Muray Furuk textiles Aika ama e awa wa S winter sports Mura Shizu Sagae Ryóts g k a M a t w T m endó a I YA G u i Yama The transport network I a s Arak gata awa Tagajó Ishino ( E Nii Nagai 10 n maki a S Akad gata h p io Hachinohe Shiba gama Osh 557,978 miles 4257 miles Kamin omar S e a o f J a Ogi Nan’y ta ika-ha oya i (898,082 km) (6851 km) ntó Yonez ó Záo-san 184 ma N S Kitakyushu h K ir Kobe inka-s ato ¯ awa Shirois 1m Tsuba one Niitsu Tokuyama an me hi Iwanu ri Azumama a Fukuoka Nagasaki San Hiroshima 12,486 miles 1099 miles san Gose Kakud i-w itsukejó 2035m n a K a NagaM Sendai (20,096 km) (1770 km) Tsuruga Toyama it akata N I IG nd oka Kumamoto Fukushima Sóma Se ¯ Kyoto J TochioATA A P A N Matsuyama F u N kushim ih Osaka Kashiw Japanese road construction traditionally lagged -waka Aizu onmatsu Hitachi ¯ a azaki Nagoya matsu Kagoshima Jóets Inawa behind that of its extensive and technologically Haram 11 u shiro-k a TOKYO c hi Yaizu Koide o Kóriy advanced railway network. The road network’s Chiba Namie ama Tóka Arai A Tajim mach relative lack of development has led to severe a i Hiu Sukag E ch Yokohama awa Tomio urban congestion, although expressways have 2346miga-take C Iiyam P A ka a O F now been built in some cities. C U S K h USHIM I F I C irakaw Kurois Suzak a o A Shioya a zaki TOCH Ótaw a

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Mainland Southeast Asia

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C A M B O D I A , L A O S , M YA N M A R ( B U R M A ) , T H A I L A N D , V I E T N A M Thickly forested mountains, intercut by the broad valleys of five great rivers characterize the landscape of Southeast Asia’s mainland countries. Agriculture remains the main activity for much of the population, which is concentrated in the river flood plains and deltas. Linked ethnic and cultural roots give the region a distinct identity. Most people on the mainland are Theravada Buddhists, and the Philippines is the only predominantly Christian country in Southeast Asia. Foreign intervention began in the 16th century with the opening of the spice trade; Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam were French colonies until the end of the Second World War, Myanmar (Burma) was under British control. Only Thailand was never colonized. Today, Thailand is poised to play a leading role in the economic development of the Pacific Rim, and Laos and Vietnam continue to mend the devastation of the Vietnam War, and to develop their economies. With ongoing political instability and a shattered infrastructure, Cambodia faces an uncertain future, while Myanmar (Burma) is seeking investment and the ending of its long isolation from the world community.

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MON STATE

The Irrawaddy river runs virtually north–south, draining the plains of northern Myanmar (Burma). The Irrawaddy delta is the country’s main rice-growing area.

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The Red River delta in northern Vietnam is fringed to the north by steep-sided, round-topped limestone hills, typical of karst scenery.

9

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Mountains dominate the Laotian landscape with more than 90% of the land lying more than 600 ft (180 m) above sea level. The mountains of the Chaîne Annamitique form the country’s eastern border.

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 The east and west coasts of Eroded coastline the Isthmus of Kra differ greatly. The tectonically uplifting west Spit coast is exposed to the harsh south-westerly monsoon and is Lagoon heavily eroded. On the east coast, longshore currents produce Wave depositional features such attack as spits and lagoons.

Hkakabo Razi is the highest point in mainland Southeast Asia. It rises 19,300 ft (5885 m) at the border between China and Myanmar (Burma).

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A series of mountain ranges runs north–south through the mainland, formed as the result of the collision between the Eurasian Plate and the Indian subcontinent, which created the Himalayas. They are interspersed by the valleys of a number of great rivers. On their passage to the sea these rivers have deposited sediment, forming huge, fertile flood plains and deltas.

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The coastline of the Isthmus of Kra

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m The Irrawaddy river is Myanmar’s (Burma) vital central artery, watering the ricefields and providing a rich source of fish, as well as an important transport link, particularly for local traffic.

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166

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20

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50

60

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Population density

Total land area

345 people per sq mile (133 people per sq km)

733,828 sq miles (1,901,110 sq km)

D

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capital cities major towns

100

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M A L AY S I A

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m Commercial logging – still widespread in Myanmar (Burma) – has now been stopped in Thailand because of over-exploitation of the tropical rainforest.

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PHNOM PENH

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16

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cattle pigs bananas coconuts fishing oil palms rice rubber sugar cane timber

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The urban/rural population divide

Land use and agricultural distribution

HANOI

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15

The fertile flood plains of rivers such as the Mekong and Salween, and the humid climate, enable the production of rice throughout the region. Cambodia, Myanmar (Burma) and Laos still have substantial forests, producing hardwoods such as teak and rosewood. Cash crops include tropical fruits such as coconuts, bananas and pineapples, rubber, oil palm, sugar cane and the jute substitute, kenaf. Pigs and cattle are the main livestock raised. Large quantities of marine and freshwater fish are caught throughout the region.

D

Using the land and sea 14

The Mekong river flows through southern China and Myanmar (Burma), then for much of its length forms the border between Laos and Thailand, flowing through Cambodia before terminating in a vast delta on the southern Vietnamese coast.

Tonle Sap, a freshwater lake, drains into the Mekong delta via the Mekong river. It is the largest lake in Southeast Asia.

Daung Kyun

Myeik Ar chi

m The coast of the Isthmus of Kra, in southeast Thailand has many small, precipitous islands like these, formed by chemical erosion on limestone, which is weathered along vertical cracks. The humidity of the climate in Southeast Asia increases the rate of weathering.

A n d a m a n

Isthmus of Kra 12

ago

 The fast-flowing waters of the Mekong river cascade over this waterfall in Champasak province in Laos. The force of the water erodes rocks at the base of the fall.

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Salween River

11

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ASIA: MAINLAND SOUTHEAST ASIA

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Myitkyin

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1

IA

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The transport network 82,958 miles (133,524 km)

267 miles (430 km)

7500 miles (12,071 km)

28,585 miles (46,008 km)

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Bay of Bengal

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4

chemicals electronics engineering finance food processing iron & steel

Lang Sòn

Bâc Giang

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Mong Cai Tiên Yên

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oil & gas mining shipbuilding textiles timber processing

capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

5

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Ha Long Hai Hoa Binh Dõòng Mõòng Pho u Loi Hõn Ho g Yên Xam ua yxay Mae Chan Nua n g Khên Namaklwe Ban Donkon Loikaw 2263m Ma Thai Binh Fang  Opium poppies are destroyed under Muang Me Louangphab Chiang KAYAH Nam Ãinh Plateau de Ham Mae Suai an army supervision in Thailand. This g Ra Ninh Binh i Na m STATE Muong Xiang Ngo c Lâc Ngeun X Pai Sa Tam Ãiêp Phan action is part of a governmentiangkhoang m Ban Chiang M ae H Bawlakhe Thanh Hoa m ong Ban Nasi Dao sponsored initiative to reduce the trade Son Phou Huatt Yo Hpasawng Phayao Sâm Sòn Nông Hèt 2452m in drugs such as heroin, which is derived Khun Yuam Phônsaven Tõòng Doi Mae Th Lang Mô o Tha i Hoa Ãõòng Xaignabouli 2031m Chiang Mai from these plants. Drug trafficking is a Doi Inthan Sôn Phou Xai Lai on Phou Bia Chiang Mai gC 2590m major problem throughout the region; a Leng 2819m Ban Pan Nu Nan Muang Vangviang Lamphun Chom Thon a 2711 Con Cuông m Ban Namoun Ang Nam g the area is known as the ‘Golden Doi Ku Sathan Ngum Ãô Lõòng Ba n Hi n Diên Châu 1630m Borikhan Triangle’, and Laos is the third-largest HpapunMae Sariang Heup Ba n Vin h Hot Ban Phônhông Rong Kwan Lampang Thabôk producer of opium poppies in the world. g Pakxan Ban Linh Cam Phrae Sop Prap Ban Nakha Ngum Bung Kan Sôppheung Pak Lay Ha Tinh Sung Men Wattay Li Ban Dong Bang Ban Lakxao Uttaradit Tha Bo Ky Anh Si Satchanala Chiang Khan Sirikit i Nong Ðông Lê Hoa Sawankhalo Re ser Ba (V vo n Phu Khai ir IE Lac NT k IA NE ) Lo Muang Hinboun ei Wanon Niwat Xuân Sòn Thaton Dan Sai Tha Uthen Udon Thani Ban Talak Sawang Sukhothai Tha khèk Hpa-an W Ãông an Hòi Nak g hon Tak Saphung Xé Bangfa i Nong Bua La Daen Din Phanom Mottama mphu Ban Phou A Douk Xuân Ãuc Mae Sot Kam Ub Sak olr on atn a phaeng Kawkareik NakhonBan Nakham Phitsanulok Lom Sak Reservoir Phet Mawlam Lam Pao Hô Xa That Phanom Chum yine Phichit Kh Khon San M Reservoir Muang Muang ao Rang Phae Mudon Som det Ãông Ha Phalan 1078m Xépôn Kh Kh lon on Quang Tri Kh g Ka Muk ao Kh en dahan Savannakhét Thanbyuz Muang ayat Khaeng a Khlung Kalasin Huê Phin h iang g 2420m n a B é X Roi Et Loeng Nok Tha Phu Lôc Nong Phai Ban Tôp Ban Naka Nakhon Sawa Chumsaeng Khe la mm arat Chaiyaphum n Phon Ban Borabu M Selaphum Ãa Nâng Pha i Ut hai Thani Ban Nadou Ye Bua Yai Phra Ch Amphitrite Group Suwannaphum Hôi An Yasothon Salavan Tak Fah Sam Ongedi o Nong Bua ng Ha Lam PARACEL Prathai Lincoln Island Chai Nat Muan Khao Laem g Khôn gxédô Kh n ok Khuang Nai Tam Ky Thalat Khae Tha Tum Chai Badan ISLANDS Reservoir Group cent Khâm Cres Ãõc Xékong Sing Ubon Ratchathani Nakhon Khok Samron (disputed) Si Srinagar d Buri Châu Ô g Phouphiang Ratchasima Buriram Sa Ket Lop Buri ReservoirinAn 170 Pakxé Muang Warin Quang Ngai Ban g Thong MunChok Chai Passu Keah Chamrap Suphan Buri Pakxong Bolovén Houamuang Ãak Glei Prakhon Surin Dawei Ãõc Phô Pak Thong Ban Sai Yok Det Udom Champasak Triton Island Pak Chong Ch Chai Khu Attapu khan Ayutthaya Sara Buri ai Ban Nang Sangkha Kantharalak Nongsim Kanchanabu Pathum Nakhon Nayok Ãâk Tô Ban Khamphô Rong Ban ri Thani Tam Quan r Phnum Dân ôÂnlo u Pra Kadian chi h n Bu g ri ng Vêng C Bông Sòn rêk Ban PongNonthaburi Kon Tum g Sâmraông Muan n Don Muang g Không ê r Nakhon Patho Chôâm S Siêmpang Sa Kaeo m Da Du Bòloc ng Preâh Vihéar Khsant Srâlau Phu My Samut Prak Bân teay œ Méa t n Cho an Virôchey ây S Srê Noy Aranyaprathet Ratchaburi Mali ng Sên Mlu Prey (Sisôphôn) Kalêng S tœ Samut Binh Ãinh Labâng Plei Ku An Khê Kyun Samut Sakh Moûng S on (BANGKOK) Phnum Tbêng t œn Krâlânh Songkhram Chõ Ty gS Thalabârîvât Ao Meanchey Palaw Quy Nhòn v Ch a Chõ Sê Lumphât on Siê Buri mréab y Krung Thep Stôeng Trêng Koûk Kduôch Chék Siêmbok Phetchaburi Si Racha Rôviêng Tbong Kadan Sông Câu A Yun Pa Tô Po ng Bât Na n dâm m Kâm Ron Kyun bâng le Srêpôk Pattaya póng Khleâng Kâmp Cha-Am óng Trâbêk Reâng Kesei Tôn Klaeng Rayong lé Ea Drâng Méreuch ng Pailîn Tuy Hoa Sattahip The Paracel Islands are a strategically sensitive Sap Myeik Ãa R Moûng Roessei âng Ban Hua Hin Chanthaburi Taninthary island group, disputed by several surrounding Ea Kar Chbar i Lanh Ãai Poû Phnum thîsât Kâmpóng Thum Khlung â countries. The Paracels are claimed by China, Takôk Tumbôt S t œ n g P o û t h î s Buôn Ma Thuôt Pônl Krâché ey h Kâmpóng Sênmônoûrôm Taiwan and Vietnam, though only China has Trat 1563m Ninh Hoa Kui Buri Mekong Leach Chhn Ko Prâ âng Cha ma ng ôy Chu Yang Sin Kanmaw actually occupied them. Tu Xoay Prachuap Kh Phnum Aôral Chu Kâmpóng Srê Khtûm 2442m Trang Nha Kyun iri Khan or Phn Snuôl Cham um Krâvanh 1771m Kiên Ãõc Skon Bokpyin Ch âm nar Suông Ngoi Ãa Ba Lat Thap Sakae Ôdôngk Kaôh Kông Gia Nghia Chôâm Lôc Ninh Cam Ranh i Kaôh Kông Liên Nghia Pochentong (PHNOM Na Bang Saphan PENH) Ãông Xoai ông Rang-Thap Cham Phan Di Linh Prey Vêng Kâmpóng à Kândal Spoe Srê Âmbêl Phõ o á Dúân Chòn Thanh g Bao Lôc Mai Sombun Yéay Sên (Ta Khmau) Tây Ninh Kra Ri Phan Ângk Svay Riêng Liên Hõòng Ãinh Quan Tha Sae Buri Samît Tasaôm Takêv Véal Thu Dâu Môt Tuy Hoa Chumphon Kaôh Rûng Tan Son Nhat Rénh Môc Hoa Phan Thiêt Sihanoukville (Kâ Biên Hoa mpóng Saôm) Population Châu Ãôc Kâmpôt Thuân Nam  The city of Hue in Cao Lanh Tân An Ranong central Vietnam was the above 5 million Dõòng Ãông Ha Tiên Tri Tôn Long Xuyên My Tho Sa Ãec Lang Suan Ba Ria country’s capital under Thôt Nôt Ãao Phu Quôc 1 million to 5 million Rach Gia Cân Thò Kapoe Ko Phangan Vinh Long Vung Tau the 13 emperors of the Vinh Nong Met Tra Ôn 500,000 to 1 million Khao La Nguyen dynasty from 1802 Ko Samui ia Tân Hiêp Tra Vinh kha Rach GMinh Tuk 1395ng m to 1945. It is the site of a 100,000 to 500,000 Lõòng Vi Surat Thani Duyên Hai Thanh u number of religious Sicho 50,000 to 100,000 Soc Trâng Ban Ta Khun n Phõòc Long monuments, including the Bac Liêu Ban Na San ft 10,000 to 50,000 o Thien-Mu Pagoda. Gia Rai Sông Ãôc a Sala ths Khao YaTh Ca Mau i 1530 below 10,000 Mou Khao Luanmg Ao Luk 1835m Nua Nakhon Si Th am Krabi Elevation Pak Phanang marat Ãao Côn Sòn Thung Hua Sai Khlong Song Thom Huai 4000m / 13,124ft Ko Lanta Yot Phatthalung Kantang Th 3000m / 9843ft Trang Th ale Luang a Nong Phro m Palian Songkhla 2000m / 6562ft Ban Yong Rattaphum 168 Sata H at 1000m / 3281ft Yai Ko Ta Pattani Ru Tao Satun Ban 500m / 1640ft Lam Phai Sai Buri Km Sadao 150 200 0 25 50 100 Yala Narathiwat 250m / 820ft Rangae 25 50 150 200 0 100 Ban Nang Sata 100m / 328ft Miles e Salwe

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Transport development has concentrated on the building of road networks. Water and sea transport remain important, although air links have improved, particularly in Thailand and the Philippines.

160

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MYANMAR

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Industrial manufacturing has become increasingly important in Thailand and Vietnam in recent years. The assembling of component-based electrical and electronic goods is becoming more common throughout this region, with foreign companies benefiting from low labour costs and the upgrading of technology. The economies of Myanmar (Burma) and Cambodia are still based on agricultural produce and the processing of raw materials. Tin is the region’s most important metal, and nickel, copper and chromite are also mined, although the quantities produced are not significant on a global scale. Thailand’s successful tourist industry is the country’s highest earner of foreign exchange.

Kangfang

KACHI N STATE

Mogaung

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sea level

W

X

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167

ASIA F

G

H

Western Maritime Southeast Asia

 Ranks of gleaming skyscrapers, new motorways and infrastructure construction reflect the investment which is pouring into Southeast Asian cities like the Malaysian capital, Kuala Lumpur. Traditional housing and markets still exist amidst the new developments. Many of the city’s inhabitants subsist at a level far removed from the prosperity implied by its outward modernity.

Malaysia: Capital cities KUALA LUMPUR – capital PUTRAJAYA – administrative capital

KEDAH

an

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KUALA LUMPUR Shah Alam

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KUALA LUMPUR PUTRAJAYA Padang Pulau Tioman NEGERI

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MELAKA Paloh Jamaluang na Bagansiapiapi Melaka Keluang l Pulau Rabi Pulau Muar Kepulauan Rupat JOHOR Batu R Banyak SUMATERA UTARA Pulau Kulai Dumai u p a t Bengkalis Pahat Pulau Musala Langgapayung Changi Johor Bahru Bengkalis Padangsidempuan Su Duri SINGAPORE Gunungsitoli Lemang Pulau Selatpanjang Pulau Panyabungan Tanjungpinang Bintan Nias Pulau R R I A U i 172 a Pulau Rantau u Sung Kundur Ria Pekanbaru Mendung Telukdalam Bangkinang a t u Natal auan l B u p e K n un a Airbangis gai Limas l a u Lambak Pulau Kampar Pini pu Equator Pulau Ke Pulau Lingga Tanahmasa i r i g Bawo Ofuloa Kelume Sun Danau Maninjau ra gai In Sapat Pulau Bukittinggi Pulau Danau Sel Rengat Singkarak Padangpanjang r Tanahbela at Labu Singkep Taluk Ber ibe S t h al Sela a Solok Kualatungkal Sungaidareh Muarasigep ok

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Mentok Bangko Pasirganting t Bu Sarolangun in Sungaipenuh g Se la n a r Me Pulau Sipura Sungsang Surulangun Pasapuat Babat Pulau Pagai Utara Pagai Tiop Muarabeliti M PulauSelatan S UM A TE R A BENGKULU e i Lubuklinggau d n S E L A TA N n a S t Tebingtinggi Muaraenim t a Sela Bengkulu Lahat w a i r Ai

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Gunung Kinabalu is the highest peak in Malaysia, rising 13,455 ft (4101 m).

Taileleo

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Malay Peninsula has a rugged east coast, but the west coast, fronting the Strait of Malacca, has many sheltered beaches and bays. The two coasts are divided by the Banjaran Titiwangsa, which run the length of the peninsula.

SUMATERA BARAT

t

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12

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Padang

Pulau Siberut

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Kuantan

Sungai P ahang

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Kuala Lumpur

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Pulau Tenggul Cukai

PAHANG

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 On January 24, 2005 a 9.2 magnitude earthquake off the coast of Sumatra triggered a devastating tsunami that was up to 90 ft (30 m) high in places. The death toll was estimated to be around 230,000 people from fourteen different countries around the Indian Ocean.

11

Belawan

Pulau Danau Samosir Toba Tuktuk Muara Barus

Sinabang

m The Sunda Shelf underlies this whole region. It is one of the largest submarine shelves in the world, covering an area of 714,285 sq miles (1,850,000 sq km). During the early Quaternary period, when sea levels were lower, the shelf was exposed.

10

Pangkalanbrandan

u

Quaternary sea level, 460 ft (140 m) below present sea level

Drowned rivers

g

Pulau Simeulue

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Present sea level

Sumatra 9

Broad, shallow valleys on sea floor

n g a it un ang l

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George Town

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ay

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Malay Peninsula

A

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Indonesia’s western islands are characterized by rugged volcanic mountains cloaked with dense tropical forest, which slope down to coastal plains covered by thick alluvial swamps. The Sunda Shelf, an extension of the Eurasian Plate, lies between Java, Bali, Sumatra and Borneo. These islands’ mountains rise from a base below the sea, and they were once joined together by dry land, which has since been submerged by rising sea levels.

8

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166

The landscape

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Singapore has a thriving economy based on international trade and finance. Annual trade through the port is among the highest of any in the world. Indonesia’s western islands still depend on natural resources, particularly petroleum, gas and wood, although the economy is rapidly diversifying with manufactured exports including garments, consumer electronics and footwear. A high-profile aircraft industry has developed in Bandung on Java. Malaysia has a fast-growing and varied manufacturing sector, although oil, gas and timber remain important resource-based industries.

The world’s largest archipelago, Indonesia’s myriad islands stretch 3100 miles (5000 km) eastwards across the Pacific, from the Malay Peninsula to western New Guinea. Only about 1500 of the 13,677 islands are inhabited and the huge, predominently Muslim population is unevenly distributed, with some two-thirds crowded onto the western islands of Java, Madura and Bali. The national government is trying to resettle large numbers of people from these islands to other parts of the country to reduce population pressure there. Malaysia, split between the mainland and the east Malaysian states of Sabah and Sarawak on Borneo, has a diverse population, as well as a fast-growing economy, although the pace of its development is still far outstripped by that of Singapore. This small island nation is the financial and commercial capital of Southeast Asia. The Sultanate of Brunei in northern Borneo, one of the world’s last princely states, has an extremely high standard of living, based on its oil revenues.

5

L

Transport and industry

B R U N E I , I N D O N E S I A , M A L AY S I A , S I N G A P O R E

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 The river of Sungai Mahakam cuts through the central highlands of Borneo, the third largest island in the world, with a total area of 290,000 sq miles (757,050 sq km). Although mountainous, Borneo is one of the most stable of the Indonesian islands, with little volcanic activity.

16

17

A

168

B

C

The island of Krakatau (Pulau Rakata), lying between Sumatra and Java, was all but destroyed in 1883, when the volcano erupted. The release of gas and dust into the atmosphere disrupted cloud cover and global weather patterns for several years.

D

E

G

I

A

Indonesia has more than 220 volcanoes, most of which are still active. They are strung out along the island arc from Sumatra through the Lesser Sunda Islands, into the Moluccas and Celebes.

Gunung Semeru

F

D

H

I

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Pulau Panaitan

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ASIA: WESTERN MARITIME SOUTHEAST ASIA O

P

Q

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Using the land and sea B RUNE I

KUALA LUMPUR

Celebes Sea

M A L A Y S I A Kuching

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JAKARTA Bandung

A

N

E

S

I

A

Semarang Surabaya

Java

N

Denpasar

The transport network

958 miles (1,542 km)

aerospace copra processing chemicals electronics engineering finance food processing iron & steel oil ship building timber processing textiles

I

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40

50

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297 people per sq mile (115 people per sq km)

828,356 sq miles (2,146,000 sq km)

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 This tiny island near Kota Kinabalu, in Sabah, eastern Malaysia, is a part of a designated national park. Thickly forested, it is surrounded by broad, sandy beaches and shallow inland seas.

Bintulu Tanjung UTARA Pulau Mapat Budu ngai Kayan Mukah Besar Pulau Bruit Su g Tanjung Selor n Pulau Kampung Sirik ja Matu Jemaja Pulau Ra ng B a a Tanjung Pasir n Serasan t Tanjungbatu Ba Sibu a san gB Tanjung Pulau Maratua Bata Sarikei t Sera alui Kayan ng Rajang B Tanjungredeb lai Datu Sela Sungai ata S e Teluk ng B Kanowit ale h an Tanjung Mungguresak T el uk D a t u Pantai Ho Sematan se Kuching KEPULA UAN ng Metulang ai Sambas a B p g K Kuching u an n s ata a s n i Sa RIAU Bau a Sri Aman ng M Pemangkat t mb L o u n Serian Muarawahau aliu Antu Danau Luar ng Gunung Kepulauan Singkawang T Gunung Menyapa 750m Sangkulirang S un elu Bengkayang Kualakeriau Sung 2000m Tambelan ai Sai k Danau Genali Perigi Sepasu San ng Kepulauan ah gk Semitau a uli Badas nu Pinang Sidas u ran Tanjung Bangkai g KALIMANTAN BARAT g e Sungaipinyuh P Pulau Pejantan KALIMANTAN TIMUR a Sanggau Sintang Equator L ai uas g n Longiram Pontianak Su ap Sun i K r Tenggarong Danau Melintang Nangaserawai Tanjung Ayu e Tanjung Putus ga Muarajuloi Danau Nangapinoh an Samarinda Se Jempang Kunyi chw lat S Sangasanga Lohjanan Pulau n Ka Raya Tanjung Bayur Pandang Tikar u n g a Bukit rim 2278m Muaratewe Pe g un at Pulau a Tumbangsenamang SULAWESI Maya Balikpapan lu k Waru KALIMANTAN TENGAH B ANGK ATe d ana TENGAH Nangatayap a Belinyu Memala Suk Muarakaman B ELITUN G Bawan au ang d A Pulau Karimata k u l e T Ketapang an Tanjung Raya Kualakuayan Kasongan Dayu Ka r im Pangkalpinang Kepulauan Palangkaraya at a iS Tanjung S el a Balabalangan Pulau am t Sela d pit tK Amuntai Kendawangan Koba Bangka Sampit a Negara Pangkalanbuun 170 Pulau Bawal Tanjungpandan Kandangan Rantau Danau g ai Pulau Sun Pulau Gelam Toboali Manggar Sembulu n Belitung KALIMANTAN luk m ngi ai Te hita ari Kotabaru Pulau um luk r taw luk SELATAN e Ai Lepar l Ko Te e Tanjung T ba Pulau Sebuku Martapura T Banjarmasin Kait Se Pulau nu a Me u b Laut g s Pelaihari Se Tanjung Lumut Pe Karambu Sungaibuntu Km

Pulau Midai

80

Total land area

Sandakan

Sunga

70

Population density

Sulu I Sea

g n abatan

s ra

20

rural 56%

S

T

O U S Pulau Subi

Tanjung Payong

Tambunan

Ba

BRUNEI

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Pulau Siantan

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ul

uan

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ula

K

p Ke

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N

I

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Pulau Laut

Pulau Natuna Besar

0

Te

A

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I

Labuan Brunei Bay

Bandar Seri Begawan

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urban 44%

S

S

AA

A

The urban/rural population divide

E

Y

S

I

Java

N

A

Kota Kinabalu

Teluk Kim an Kuala Penyu is LABUAN Pulau Labuan

S

I

166

E

Semarang Surabaya

N

pasture cropland forest wetland

P

Tuaran

Sea

N

capital cities major towns

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Kota Kinabalu

O

P

L

A

Java

D

JAKARTA Bandung

170

capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

2

Balikpapan

P

Singapore’s metro system, completed in 1991, is among the most efficient in the world. Malaysia has several fast, modern highways and most roads are paved. Indonesia’s many islands make improvement of the shipping infrastructure a priority.

Borneo

Denpasar

du

18,070 miles (29,084 km)

coconuts fishing oil palms rice rubber shellfish sugar cane timber

E

Maru

5,061 miles (8,146 km)

Land use and agricultural distribution

 Spiral cuts in the bark of this rubber palm show where it has been tapped. Sophisticated ‘cloning’ techniques mean that trees which produce consistently high quantities of rubber can be easily reproduced.

Major industry and infrastructure

165,272 miles (266,010 km)

C

N

an

E

O

O

g

C

D

I

S un

N

O

N

a Sea

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A

I

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Palembang

N

I

Palembang

A

D

Sumatra

Kuching

Sumatra

I

I N

Balikpapan

D

Pontianak

Padang

Celebes Sea

A Y S I A

Pontianak

Padang

I N

SINGAPORE

1

BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN

B RU N EI

SI NG APORE

Cr o

PUTRAJAYA

Y

South China Sea

Medan KUALA LUMPUR PUTRAJAYA M A L

an

Medan

BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN

j ar

George Town

Rice is the most important arable crop in Indonesia and Malaysia, and both countries manage to meet almost all of their domestic demand. Malaysian rubber accounts for 25% of world production and is the main cash crop, grown on plantations and small farms, along with oil palms and copra. Timber is exported from both Malaysia and Indonesia. Modern agricultural techniques enable Singapore to produce fruits and vegetables despite a shortage of suitable land.

B an

South China Sea

THAILAND

B an j Tam aabran o mb oR ang e

THAILAND

X

Se

N

Su

K a l i m a n t a n

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11

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S

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25

JAWA BARAT

J

Brebes

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Cilacap

Semarang

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Kudus

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Yogyakarta

a

Blora

Bangkalan Sumenep Pulau Madura Purwodadi Pulau JAWA TIMUR Surabaya Sapudi Madiun Jombang S e l a t M a d u r a

Surakarta Ponorogo

YOGYAKARTA

200

15

Elevation

Kediri

Malang

Tulungagung ng luk Tawa

Pasuruan Probolinggo

Gunung Semeru 3675m

Lumajang Pulau Nusa Barung

Jember

Teluk Grajagan

2000m / 6562ft

Denpasar

Ngurah Rai

Nusa Penida

16

1000m / 3281ft

10,000 to 50,000

500m / 1640ft

below 10,000

Bali

Tejakula Danau Batur BALI Karangasem

Singaraja

Gunung Raung 3390m Negara

3000m / 9843ft

50,000 to 100,000

Laut Bali

Bondowoso

4000m / 13,124ft

500,000 to 1 million 100,000 to 500,000

170

Bojonegro

1 million to 5 million

250m / 820ft

NUSA TENGGARA BARAT

100m / 328ft 17

sea level

N

O

P

Se

lat

Te

Ambunten

Tuban

Kepulauan Kangean

Pulau Kangean

bok

Genteng

Bandung

14 150

100

above 5 million Tayu

Lom

Karawang Indramayu Danau Jatiluhur Subang Cirebon

Bogor BANTEN Cianjur Cikawung Sukabumi

Population

an

Bekasi

50

200

Map key

Pulau Karimunjawa

JAKARTA

150

projection: Mercator

Pulau Masalembo-besar

Pulau Bawean

JAKARTA RAYA

Pe l m Pe alan ka g lon g

Tangerang

Rangkasbitung

Kepulauan Seribu

ga

Serang

SoekarnoHatta

Te

Pulau Rakata

Kepulauan Laut Kecil

Pulau Karamain

J a v a Se a

100

50

25

Miles

Metro

13

SU L

ai

aw

Sela

T

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D

12

Scale 1:7,950,000

M

ai

Je l

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Kapuas

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Sun

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 The volcano of Gunung Semeru in eastern Java lies on the Pacific ‘Ring of Fire’. It is part of the ancient Tennegger volcano and remains highly active.

W

X

Y

Z

169

ASIA A

B

C

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E

F

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Eastern Maritime Southeast Asia

1

EAST TIMOR , INDONESIA, PHILIPPINES The Philippines takes its name from Philip II of Spain who was king when the islands were colonized during the 16th century. Almost 400 years of Spanish, and later US, rule have left their mark on the country’s culture; English is widely spoken and over 90% of the population is Christian. The Philippines’ economy is agriculturally based – inadequate infrastructure and electrical power shortages have so far hampered faster industrial growth. Indonesia’s eastern islands are less economically developed than the rest of the country. Papua, which constitutes the western portion of New Guinea, is one of the world’s last great wildernesses. After a long struggle, East Timor gained full autonomy from Indonesia in 2002.  Lake Taal on the Philippines island of Luzon lies within the crater of an immense volcano that erupted twice in the 20th century, first in 1911 and again in 1965, causing the deaths of more than 3200 people.

Located on the Pacific ‘Ring of Fire’ the Philippines’ 7100 islands are subject to frequent earthquakes and volcanic activity. Their terrain is largely mountainous, with narrow coastal plains and interior valleys and plains. Luzon and Mindanao are by far the largest islands and comprise roughly 66% of the country's area. Indonesia’s eastern islands are mountainous and dotted with volcanoes, both active and dormant.

5

6

The Spratly Islands are a strategically sensitive island group, disputed by several surrounding countries. The Spratlys are claimed by China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Malaysia and the Philippines and are particularly important as they lie on oil and gas deposits.

S O U T H SPRATLY ISLANDS (disputed)

C H I N A

Mindanao has five mountain ranges many of which have large numbers of active volcanoes. Lying just west of the Philippines Trench, which forms the boundary between the colliding Philippine and Eurasian plates, the entire island chain is subject to earthquakes and volcanic activity.

168

ge

The landscape

 The traditional boat-shaped houses of the Toraja people in Sulawesi. Although now Christian, the Toraja still practice the animist traditions and rituals of their ancestors. They are famous for their elaborate funeral ceremonies and burial sites in cliffside caves.

sa

4

as

2

P an w la P a Quezon

S E A

Brooke's Point

The 1000 islands of the Moluccas are the fabled Spice Islands of history, whose produce attracted traders from around the globe. Most of the northern and central Moluccas have dense vegetation and rugged mountainous interiors where elevations often exceed 3000 feet (9144 m).

7

Balabac Island Balabac Str a

it

Cagayan de Tawi Tawi

8

MALAYSIA

Coral islands such as Timor in eastern Indonesia show evidence of very recent and dramatic movements of the Earth’s plates. Reefs in Timor have risen by as much as 4000 ft (1300 m) in the last million years.

12

13

14

coconuts fishing rice rubber shellfish sugar cane

urban 45%

KALIMANTAN TIMUR

rural 55%

Equator

capital cities major towns

0

pasture cropland forest wetland

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Population density

Total land area

258 people per sq mile (160 people per sq km)

654,771 sq miles (1,053,755 sq km)

90

100

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N

it

Indonesia’s eastern islands are less intensively cultivated than those in the west. Coconuts, Luzon coffee and spices such as cloves and nutmeg are Baguio the major commercial crops while rice, corn and Philippine soya beans are grown for local consumption. The Sea MANILA Philippines’ rich, fertile soils support year-round South production of a wide range of crops. The China country is one of the world’s largest producers Sea PHILIPPINES of coconuts and a major exporter of coconut Cebu products, including one-third of the world’s copra. Although much of the arable land is Butuan Sulu given over to rice and corn, the main staple Sea Mindanao Zamboanga food crops, tropical fruits such as bananas, Davao pineapples and mangos,and sugar cane MALAYSIA are also grown for export.

168

The urban/rural population divide

Land use and agricultural distribution

Luzon Strait

KALIMANTAN UTARA

Stra

Using the land and sea

11

The Pegunungan Jayawijaya range in central Papua contains the world’s highest range of limestone mountains, some with peaks more than 16,400 ft (5000 m) high. Heavy rainfall and high temperatures, which promote rapid weathering, have led to the creation of large underground caves and river systems such as the river of Sungai Baliem.

sar

10

The four-pronged island of Celebes is the product of complex tectonic activity which ruptured and then reattached small fragments of the Earth’s crust to form the island’s many peninsulas.

KALIMANTAN SELATAN

kas

9

Ma

 Bohol in the southern Philippines is famous for its socalled ‘chocolate hills’. There are more than 1000 of these regular mounds on the island. The hills are limestone in origin, the smoothed remains of an earlier cycle of erosion. Their brown appearance in the dry season gives them their name.

P A

C

16

C

E

A

 More than two-thirds of Papua’s land area is heavily forested and the population of around 1.5 million live mainly in isolated tribal groups using more than 80 distinct languages.

N

Jayapura

Ceram Ambon

Sumbawa

D

N

D

O C E A N

O

N

E

Timor Kupang

Ti

mo

S

I

A

Guinea

Arafura Sea

DILI E AST T IMOR

Flores Sumba

New

Banda Sea

Makassar

Java Sea Kepulauan Tengah

NUSA TENGGARA Bayan Gunung Tambora 2821m Dompu Mataram Sumbawabesar Pulau Taliwang Lombok Sumbawa Gunung Takan Kuta

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

170

C

O

Maluku (Moluccas)

Celebes

I N D I A N B

C

Halmahera

Lombok

A

I

Manado

I 17

I

15

F

Celebes Sea

 The terracing of land to restrict soil erosion and create flat surfaces for agriculture is a common practice throughout Southeast Asia, particularly where land is scarce. These terraces are on Luzon in the Philippines.

1400m s a N ue s s e r L

168

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ea r S G

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ASIA: EASTERN MARITIME SOUTHEAST ASIA

Batan Islands Balin

Luzon Strait

Q

l hanne

1133m

Tuguegarao Tabuk

Abra

Luzon ayan

ag

San Jose City

Baler Tarlac Cabanatuan Angeles San Fernando

Camiling

High Peak Iba 2037m Mount Pinatubo 1485m

Philippine Polillo Islands S e a

Lamon Bay

Labo Daet Calauag

tr

ai

Coron

Sibuyan

Roxas

t

Tagbilaran

Dumaguete

Bayawan

ol

Butuan

I

N

D

Sumbawa

Lombok I N

D I A N

O

Sumba

Timor

Ti

Kupang

O C E A N

mo

go

Glan Tinaca Point

la

c

Sarangani Islands

above 5 million

Kuandang

Tomohon Amurang

pu

Bitung Airmadidi Tondano

GORONTALO Gorontalo

2499m

Lemito

Tomini Teluk

Gunung Bulowa 1970m

Bubaa

Molibagu

Kepu l a u a n T o gi a n ale

a

Molosipat

8

2000m / 6562ft 1000m / 3281ft 500m / 1640ft

below 10,000

9

250m / 820ft 100m / 328ft

I

Sopi

Pulau Morotai Sabatai Galela Tobelo Tanjung Lelai Pediwang Iga Akelamo Dodaga Bobopayo Kusu Buli Ternate i Pulau T e lu k B ul Pulau Tidore Soasiu Halmahera Bicoli Patani L U K U Mafa Teluk Weda Tanjung Bisoa

MA UTARA

Molucca Sea

3000m / 9843ft

10,000 to 50,000

Laut Halmahera

C

 Manila is the Philippines’ chief port and transport centre, and the focus of the country’s commercial, industrial and cultural activities. Much of the city lies below sea level, and it suffers from floods during the rainy summer season.

sea level

Km 0

50

O

C

400

300

200

100

50

100

Miles

Kepulauan Mapia

Kepulauan Ayu Lamlam Kabarei Pulau Waigeo Koor Warmandi

10

Scale 1:,10,750,000

0

Kepulauan Asia

at

Salumpaga Oan Tolitoli Leok Lanu Tompo Gunung Malino Teluk Dampal

Ke

Serai

Manado

lau

SULAWESI UTARA

4000m / 13,124ft

500,000 to 1 million 50,000 to 100,000

F

Ulu Pulau Siau

1 million to 5 million 100,000 to 500,000

192

Kepulauan Pulau Karakelong Talaud Melanguane Pulau Damau Salibabu Pulau Kaburuang

Pulau Sangihe Tahuna

Celebes Sea

Elevation

Population

Kepulauan Nanusa

Kepulauan Kawio

A

Map key

I

Ar Sulu

hi

pe

an Sangir

Tawitawi Balimbing

I

7

General Santos

Jose Abad Santos

S

a r Se

Mati Kidapawan 2954m Tacurong Davao Governor Generoso Bunga Digos Gulf Lebak Cape San Agustin Koronadal Malita Parker Volcano 1842m

E

Guinea

Arafura Sea

C

Tapul Group

N

A

Lamitan

Jolo

Jolo

Jayapura

New

Mi n dan ao

Pangutaran Group

4

N

DILI EAST T IMOR

Flores

P

Sindañgan 2425m

Zamboanga

A

Banda Sea

Makassar

Prosperidad

Davao

Tate Towera Donggala

Sulawesi has some good roads, but on Papua and the Moluccas there are few road interconnections between major settled areas. Water and sea transport remain important although air links have improved in the Philippines.

S

Siaton Point Siaton B o hGingoog Dapitan Dipolog Oroquieta

Isabela

E

Ceram

Cagayan de Oro Hinatuan Mount Malindang Lake Iligan Malaybalay Bislig Marawi Liloy Lanao Kabasalan Pagadian Siocon Baganga Malabang Sultan Kudarat Tungawan Tagum Cotabato Dumagasa Manay Moro Gulf Midsayap Point Mount Apo

Sulu Sea

C

Maluku (Moluccas)

8704 miles (14,008 km)

ea

Bais

Cagayan Islands

O

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

Puerto Princesa

C

Halmahera

Celebes

Bago Panay Gulf Canlaon Cebu Maasin Dinagat Island Himamaylan Volcano Ubay 2465m Argao Siargao Island Sipalay Negros Bohol Surigao

Palawan

I

Celebes Sea

500 miles (805 km)

Tacloban Guiuan Cadiz Leyte Leyte Bacolod Cebu Baybay Gulf San Carlos City

Iloilo

Miagao

Davao

None

City Ormoc Panay Island Roxas Passi

Patnongon

3

Zamboanga

Bulan

P H I L I P P I N E S El Nido Taytay

Mindanao

2

Manado

Catarman Sibuyan Laoang Masbate Island Masbate Calbayog Sea Samar Dolores Balud Placer Catbalogan

Odiongan Tablas Island

Sulu Sea

16,652 miles (26,800 km)

mp

Calamian Group

Mount Baco S 2488m

Cebu

The transport network

aA

oro

South China Sea P H I L I P P I N E S

MALAYSIA

Catanduanes Island Caramoan

Lipa Lucena Naga Batangas Boac San Francisco TabacoVirac Cape Calavite Calapan Mayon Volcano 2422m Mamburao Mindoro Marinduque Ligao Legazpi City Pinamalayan San Pascual Sablayan Sorsogon M

ind

copra processing chemicals finance food processing mining oil timber processing textiles capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

Philippine Sea

MANILA

1

F

San Pablo

Major industry and infrastructure

Luzon

I

Ninoy Aquino

Tagaytay

Nasugbu Lubang Island Lake Taal

Y

C

MANILA

X

A

Malolos

Balanga

W

P

Olongapo

U

The Philippines’ economy is primarily a mixture of agriculture and light industry. The manufacturing sector is still developing; many factories are licensees of foreign companies producing finished goods for export. Mining is also important – the country’s chromite, nickel and copper deposits are among the largest in the world. Agriculture is the main activity in eastern Indonesia. Most industry has a primary basis, including logging, food-processing and mining. Nickel, the most important metal, is produced on Sulawesi, in Papua, and in the Moluccas.

Bontoc Ilagan at San Fernando Lagawe Mag Cauayan Echague Bauang Bolinao Baguio San Ildefonso Lingayen Dagupan C Peninsula

San Carlos

T

Transport and industry 192

Bab

Tuao

S

Luzon Strait

uyan Channel Mayraira Point Escarpada Point Claveria Laoag Dingras Aparri Mount Cagua Cabugao Bangued Vigan

R

tang C Babuyan Island

300

200

400

projection: Mercator

E

11

Equator

A

N

auan

E

S

I

A

a

l

Laut Seram

am

u

o

Derew

k

u

Tel

Sun

uk

iS

Bo

ga

N ew

aliem

u

G u i n ea

P A P U A

Arafura Sea

T

an

im

ang om

bar

Banda Sea

N E W

Sungai Digul

S un

ats

Mom

obger

ne

Makassar

Flores Sea

Bondokodi

Waikabubak

a

(part of East Timor)

I s l a n d s )

Waingapu

Pu la u S um b a Baing

Savu Sea Pulau Sawu

Pulau Semau

Kepulauan Sawu N

O

Gunung Kekneno Sulamu 2070m

Soe Toineke

Kupang

Baa

Pulau Roti P

i

Suai T Kefamenanu Nikiniki

T

S u n d a

Q

im

or

a Se

R

12

G U I N E A

Su l a w e s i

Gani

Kepul

N

Pulau Bacan

Sungai M

O

Kepulauan Bacan

M

D

Maliku lat W Toima S e Luwuk Teku

Raj

Gunung Kwoka Mubrani Pulau Supiori 2452m Sansundi Sorong Asbakin 192 Manokwari Todlo Megamo Maboi Pulau Biak Sarwon Kepulauan Palu Pulau Pulau Gunung Mebo SULAWESI Rawas Tanjung Pulau Salawati Manim Pulau Peleng Pandaidori 2940m Pakuli Poso Wanau Biak Bisa Pulau Seget Teba D’Urville TENGAH Pelei J a z i r a h Ransiki Selat Yapen Pulau Teminabuan Taliabu Apauwar Pandiri Pulau Gimpu Pu la Penu Pulau Kawassi D o b e r a i Atkri Kembani Wool Mumi Karossa Danau Poso Tentena Mangole Sarmi Banggai P A P U A u Yapen Mogoi Ansas Baturebe Obi Taripa Kepulauan Kedir Sarmi Barma Pamdai Kepulauan Babana Tano Capalulu Bintuni Pulau Serui Misool Kapocol Ansudu Sanana Tomu Valse Pisang Rasawi Teluk Waren SULAWESI T e l u k Banggai Kepulauan Demta a m Serami Jayapura T S Pulau Roon e Kaptiau luk Berau Aredo Sobiei b (Celebes)Saroako T o l o BARAT u l a Pulau Kepulauan Cenderawasih Gunung Dom e r Mamuju Masamba Nirabotong Sanana Segaf B A R A T Wahai Asori 1430m Wotu Usu Mahalona Maniwori Lasahata Paoni Pegunungan Danau Pue Piar Rumbati Kobi Wosimi R o u f f a e nr R e s 186 Sentani Danau Towuti Malunda Rantepao Semenanjung Maki S e r a Hoti Piru Fakfak er Namlea le P u l a(Cueram Waflia Wiau v e Krau m Quarles an Daa Bolifar ) Weri Bomberai Maimawa Nabire V Luhu Latu Gunung Kaubalatmada Malamala s Majene Polewali Senggi Bemu Selassi Wanggar Naver 2729m Pulau Buru Watawa Amahai Wunen Waru Wandai Pulau Manui Asera Ibonma Sopinusa Ilugwa Saparua Haya Banggelapa Teluk Enrekang Kilwo Kepulauan Gariau Waipa Lobo Pulau Obome Tifu Kendari Undur Wosi Ilaga Ambon s i Anabanua Mandar Danau Enarotali Kerai Ilur Gorong Kolaka Elara Ambon Paniai P e g u n u Seinma K e p u l a u a n L e a Kepulauan Kakea Singkang Parepare Nusawulan Modowi SULAWESI Pulau Nama Tembagapura Puncak Jaya n Wowoni gan Pulau Yapa Kopra Banda Gulir SULAWESI 5040m Sabang Uta TENGGARA ( Ma Adi Wanapiri Kepulauan Timika Tampo Bonelipu SELATAN Watampone oke Kokenau M Raha Watubela Bugingkalo Lasihao Pulau Buton Amamapare Maros M A L U K U Pising iB o a Kamaru Pulau g Pulau Wair Remoon a l Muna ul Gumzai Pulau Lutur Kai Kecil Har Sungai P u Kepulauan Agats Bulukumba Pulau Baubau Pulau Takalar Kaima c Kabaena Pulau Wokam a Tukangbesi Kai Besar Jeneponto Selat Sel yar Watnil Biwarlaut c Namalau Weduar Pulau Wamar Pulau a Benteng Pulau Kabia PAPUA s Taberfane Kobroor Kepulauan r Ke p ulauan ) a Aru Pulau m Kai Pulau Molu Tusirah Trangan Pulau Workai Da Pulau Kepulauan Tanjung De Jongs n Mapi Tanahjampea ua Abemaree Larat a Bonerate Pulau l Heitske Pulau Damar Kepulauan u Sela Pulau Larat Yamdena Kep tR Jin Pulau Kalaotoa Yomuka Muli Yodom Arak Bupul Pulau Romang Pulau Wetar Kofarau Manuwui Yatoke Koreare BARAT Pembre Pu l a u Yos NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR auan Alor Saumlaki Amdassa Sudarso Pulau Babar ul Pulau Pulau Sangeang p e r Strait Amplawas Wamal Alotip Pulau Alor Lomblen K Gunung Api 1949m Eliase W et a Kladar Larantuka Pota Tutuala Komoran Kabir Pulau Kalabahi DILI Manatuto Kepulauan n Raba Labuhanbajo Kepulauan Tanjung Vals a Pulau Wan Maumere Selaru Merauke Pulau Labala Lospalos u Leti Babar Pulau a Ruteng F l o r e s Komoran Pantar l r Kepulauan Komodo pu Maliana o Bajawa e Pante EAST TIMOR Endeh K Solor Kondomirat T e n g g a r Macassar m

Dondo Lambogo

To

192

S

T

U

V

W

X

rres

Y

Strait

Z

171

WOR LD OCE ANS F

G

The Indian Ocean

Antsiraùana Suez

Maromokotro 2876m

Analalava

a

Mahajanga

Boriziny

Maroantsetra Mandritsara Marovoay Tanjona Tanjona Soalala Mampikony Mitsinjo Vilanandro Mananara Avaratra Masoala SoanieranaTsaratanana Besalampy Andilamena Ivongo Nosy Boraha Maevatanana TOAMASINA Ambodifotatra Farihy Alaotra Kandreho Fenoarivo Atsinanana Amparafaravola Ambatomainty Vavatenina Morafenobe Ambatondrazaka Toamasina Maintirano Ankazobe Anjozorobe Toama

N DA

e

N

A

jamba ha Ma

E

e Nile

A

C

N

Kismaayo

A

lo

I

sa

I

D

Mitsoudjé Dembéni

Le Kartala 2361m

C

fish penguins shellfish whales oil & gas

17

A

172

tin deposits tourism major towns major ports

B

C

Domoni

U

el

ann

biqu Mozam

que Escar pment

zam

Mo

ambi

Moz

ut o S

Prince Edward Islands (to South Africa)

Atlantic-Indian

MAYOTTE

Rid

ge

ndia tic-I n a l t n A Basi

om

s

d s Île Aride l a n Curieuse Les Sœurs Praslin I s Grand Sœur

 The recent use of large drag nets for tuna-fishing has not only threatened the livelihoods of many small-scale fisheries, but also caused widespread environmental concern about the potential impact on other marine species.

Mount Dauban 740m

Silhouette

Cousin Cousine

Mahé North Point Île aux Récifs Sainte Anne Île au Cerf Cascade Mahé

ND

IA

N

A

SE YCHEL L ES Mamelles

VICTORIA

Morne Seychellois 905m

N

Félicité Marianne

La Digue

E

r eÎle du Nord

C

n

D

O

Frégate

I Île Thérèse Anse Boileau Pointe Lazare Baie Lazare Quatre Bornes SCALE 1:2,000,000 Pointe Police 30 Km 0 10 20 5

0

E

F

n

Antarctic Circle

I AN TARC TIC A

Resources (including wildlife)

Pla

100 Miles

(to France) or Ch amb Dzaoudzi o Pamandzi iqu an Isl MAMOUDZOU e ne a l nd Bandrélé oz

O C E A N

16

80

60

COMOROS O C E Nzwani (Anjouan) A Ouani Moutsamudou

Fomboni Sima Miringoni Ouanani Moya Nioumachoua Mramani

n

S O U T H E R N

100 Km

80

40

Bassas da India Île Europa

Natal Basin M a d a

Agulhas Basin

Foumbouni

Fremantle

15

Agulhas Plateau

INDIA N

Mwali (Mohéli)

M

60

40 20

Mahajanga

Edward F racture Zone

MORONI

A S I A

Africana Seamount

Protea Seamount

a

Prince

Many of the small islands in the Indian Ocean rely exclusively on tuna-fishing and Mumbai Rangoon tourism to maintain their economies. Most Bay Arabian South fisheries are artisanal, although largeof Sea China Bengal scale tuna-fishing does take place in Sea Singapore the Seychelles, Mauritius and the Mombasa western Indian Ocean. Other Java Sea resources include oil in The Gulf, I N D I A N Timor pearls in the Red Sea and tin from Sea Toamasina O C E A N deposits off the shores of Burma, Thailand and Indonesia. AU S T R A L I A Kuwait

10

bique Plateau

lley Va

al

at

N

Cape Town Port Elizabeth Mosselbaai Transkei n Agulhas Bank Basin

oB

N

A F R I C A

13

Mbéni Koimbani

Hahaya

0 10 20

e Ch

B

M O Z A M

Maputo

LESOTHO Durban

SCALE 1:4,500,000 0

1087m

zi

Beira

F Li m

A ge

Resources

Mitsamiouli Saondzou

E

R

Q

I

I an

Ngazidja (Grande Comore)

(to France)

Comor

Nacala

Quelimane

SWAZILAND

East London

The circulation in the northern Indian Ocean is controlled by the monsoon winds. Biannually these winds reverse their pattern, causing a reversal in the surface currents and alternative high and low pressure conditions over Asia and Australia.

12

Mayotte

ge

po

AFRICA Or

The Kerguelen Islands in the Southern Ocean were created by a hot spot in the Earth’s crust. The islands were formed in succession as the Antarctic Plate moved slowly over the hot spot.

Giraud Seamount

COMOROS

ie Rid

po

Fa

 The central group of the Seychelles are mountainous, granite islands. They have a narrow coastal belt and lush, tropical vegetation cloaks the highlands.

Mombasa Pemba Zanzibar Dar es Salaam Mafia Aldabra Group

Dav

am

Tropic of Capricorn

The Java Trench is the world’s longest, it runs 1600 miles (2570 km) from the southwest of Java, but is only 50 miles (80 km) wide.

Suez

Tanga

A

Z

SOUTH

10

I

L

Lake Victoria

Lake Nyasa

O r a n ge R i v er

i

M S OMogadishu

Ruv uma

Tôlaùaro Amboasary Ambovombe Beloha Tsiombe Tanjona Vohimena

be l

Equator

NI

re dra

Ampanihy

Indus River

9

S he

A

KENYA

ZA

Bekily

West

f Gulf o

A

C

ETHIOPIA

TAN

m The Ganges Fan is one of the world’s largest submarine accumulations of sediment, extending far beyond Sri Lanka. It is fed by the Ganges/Brahmaputra river system, whose sediment is carried through a network of underwater canyons at the edge of the continental shelf.

Aden

DJIBOUTI

Berbera

ANTANANARIVO

 A large proportion of the coast of Thailand, on the Isthmus of Kra, is stabilized by mangrove thickets. They act as an important breeding ground for wildlife.

The relief of Madagascar rises from a low-lying coastal strip in the east, to the central plateau. The plateau is also a major watershed separating Madagascar’s three main river basins.

Hodeida

sina

ANTANANARIVO

Ambositra Nosy Varika Ambatofinandrahana Ambohimahasoa Mandabe Mananjary a avony M Ikalam Ifanadiana Beroroha Fianarantsoa Ikongo Tanjona Ambalavao ky Ankaboa Morombe Mango FI A N A RAN TSOA Manakara Ihosy Ankazoabo Ivohibe Vohipeno Vondrozo I Farafangana Sakaraha Iakora Betroka Tropic of Tropic of Capricorn Capricorn Oni lahy Midongy Vangaindrano Toliara Benenitra Atsimo Betioky T O L I A R A Befotaka

Sri Lanka

Massawa

ERITRE

Djibouti

Ambohidratrimo Antananarivo Antsalova Moramanga Ampasimanolotra Tsiroanomandidy Arivonimamo Soavinandriana Ambatolampy ivazo Miandr Anosibe Vatomandry T An’ala Faratsiho Belo Tsiribihina siribihina Antanambao Betafo Manampotsy Mahanoro Marolambo Fandriana Morondava Mahabo

Submarine canyons transport sediment to fan – some of these are more than 1500 miles (2500 km) long

SAUDI

A

Blu

Betsibo ka

M o z a m b i q u

Port Sudan

a

C

MAHAJANGA

Jedda

Se

Mahajanga

a

Yanbu‘ al Baír Tropic of Cancer

d

Andapa Antalaha Befandriana Ambohitralanana Avaratra

Antsohihy Sofi

Sambava

Re

Bealanana

PT

h

ANTSIRAÙANA

e

e

Nil

n

n

l

sin

Nosy Be

Ambanja

EGY

Iharaùa

ASCAR

Nosy Be Ambilobe

DAG

MADAGASCAR

be

11

M

Tanjona Bobaomby

ha

8

Îles Glorieuses (to France)

200 Miles

150

ra

The mid-oceanic ridge runs from the Arabian Sea. It diverges east of Madagascar, one arm runs southwest to join the MidAtlantic Ridge, the other branches southeast, joining the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge, southeast of Tasmania.

200 Km

100

Tanjona Anorontany

Sediments come from Ganges/ Brahmaputra river system

Two of the world’s largest rivers flow into the Indian Ocean; the Indus and the Ganges/ Brahmaputra. Both have deposited enormous fans of sediment.

150

100 50

ma

7

The Ninetyeast Ridge takes its name from the line of longitude it follows. It is the world’s longest and straightest under-sea ridge.

25

Be

6

L

MA

0

The landscape 5

K

SU

0 25 50

4

The Indian Ocean began forming about 150 million years ago, but in its present form it is relatively young, only about 36 million years old. Along the three subterranean mountain chains of its mid-ocean ridge the seafloor is still spreading. The Indian Ocean has fewer trenches than other oceans and only a narrow continental shelf around most of its surrounding land.

J

SCALE 1:11,000,000

Despite being the smallest of the three major oceans, the evolution of the Indian Ocean was the most complex. The ocean basin was formed during the break up of the supercontinent Gondwanaland, when the Indian subcontinent moved northeast, Africa moved west and Australia separated from Antarctica. Like the Pacific Ocean, the warm waters of the Indian Ocean are punctuated by coral atolls and islands. About one-fifth of the world’s population – over 1000 million people – live on its shores. Those people living along the northern coasts are constantly threatened by flooding and typhoons caused by the monsoon winds.

3

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N

1

H

O

E

Ma havavy

D

Man

C

y

B

ka

A

G

H

I

5

10

20

J

30 Miles

m Coral reefs support an enormous diversity of animal and plant life. Many species of tropical fish, like these squirrel fish, live and feed around the profusion of reefs and atolls in the Indian Ocean. K

L

M

WOR LD OCE ANS: THE INDIAN OCE AN

t

gos Laccadive Plateau

ne

er

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Ob’ Trenc h

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S o u t h

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Le Port

0

5

10 10

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3070m

Cilaos

Pointe au Sel St-Louis Point de la Rivière St-Etienne

E

R

N

t

O

N

O

INDIAN

uc ol

Geraldton

Perth Basin

ure Zone

Da

Port Augusta

Na

Great Australian Bight

rG nce Spe Kangaroo Island

South Australian

Ba

M

si

n

rli

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Adelaide Melbourne

King Island Bass Strait

South Australian Plain

I n d i a n

Tasman Plateau

12

e R i d g

I n d i a n

C

E

B a s i n

A

N

MAURITIUS

Canonniers Point

Pointe de la Table

Triolet Pamplemousses

Elevation

500,000 to 1 million

200m / 656ft

100,000 to 500,000

3000m / 9843ft

1000m / 3281ft

50,000 to 100,000

2000m / 6562ft

2000m / 6562ft

10,000 to 50,000

3000m / 9843ft

below 10,000

1000m / 3281ft

Pointe Sud Ouest

100m / 328ft

T

U

V

Rivière du Rempart

PORT LOUIS

16

Mahebourg

Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam

Chemin Grenier Souillac

SCALE 1:2,000,000 0

sea level

S

15

Centre de Flacq Beau Bassin Rose Hill Bel Air Quatre Bornes Mont du Rempart Vacoas 545m Curepipe Tamarin

250m / 820ft

6000m / 19,686ft

R

14

Round Island Flat Island Gunner’s Quoin Île D’Ambre Goodlands

Piton de la Petite Rivière Noire 828m Rose Belle

500m / 1640ft

5000m / 16,400ft

St-Joseph St-Philippe

m The island of Mauritius is volcanic in origin. Its central plateau is bounded by mountains which may once have formed the rim of a volcanic crater.

Antarctic Circle

4000m / 13,124ft

OCEAN

Q

ca

t

ar S trai ass

AUSTRALIA

ge

Population

Sea level

Piton de la Fournaise Le Tampon 2632m

P

M

ak og R id

Tropic of Capricorn

Shark Bay

Inset map key

Sea depth

La Plaine-des-Palmistes Ste-Rose

St-Pierre

Port Hedland

Fremantle Na tura tu P li Bunbury l a ra teau ste lis Di te am Albany Fra an cture tin Zone a

S o u t h

Ocean map key

30 Miles

20

Carpentaria

Wyndham

Rowley Shoals Broome

Cuvier Basin

y

30 Km

20

St-Paul Pointe des St-Gilles-les-Bains Salazie St-Benoit Piton des Neiges Aigrettes Trois-Bassins St-Leu

Ba

SCALE 1:2,000,000

Ste-Marie 0 5 Ste-Suzanne Gillot St-André

EAST TIMOR Timor Arafura Lombok rough Pulau r T Savu B a s i n Sumba Sea m oT i m o r i T Ashmore & Sea Cartier Islands f J o s e p h l Darwin North (to Australia) l S h e Bonaparte Gulf of hu Australian Gulf a S

Basin

A N T A R C T I C A RÉUNION (to France)

New Guinea

13

e Banzarnts S e a m ou

U

A

Heard & McDonald Islands (to Australia)

n

Lena Tablemount

O

I

Tasmania

e

Kerguelen

Ob’ Tablemount

S

Cuvier Plateau

Batavia Seamount

S

Ceram Sea

Sumbawa

Bali

th u ou ea t m a Ex Pl

Fract

(to France)

in rby Pla Ende

ge

E

Banda Sea

Gascoyne Plain

Wallaby Plateau

N

Celebes

INDI OCE AN AN

A

m

s

y e

Sal w

N

u c t Amsterdam Island

French Southern & Antarctic Lands

Ke

Roo Rise

(to Australia)

F

a

Fractur

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Crozet Islands

J a v a Ja v v a a R idge T r e n c h Christmas Island

J a

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e

n

ne

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St. Paul Island

m

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Crozet

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Trench

Cha

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E

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D

Wharton Basin

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C

N

Java Sea

Gulden Draak Seamount

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Walters Shoal

R

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Fr

(to Australia)

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ac

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Sea

Celebes Sea Singapore

u

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Tropic of Cancer

M A L A Y S I A

S

D

Cocos Basin

Investigator Ridge

N

a

gascar

Del Cano Rise

Osborn Plateau

i

Madagascar Basin

hw

Basin

Is

u

PHILIPPINES

to f M Klang Bedawan ala cca

an

d

lateau e P

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Mid-Indian

y yuk

Sulu Sea

S

Ceylon Plain

2

Philippine

Sea

au

n

en

Ege

S o u t h C h i n a S e a

Gulf of Thailand

ul

I

a

(to France)

Mascarene Islands

Andaman Basin

Nicobar Islands (to India)

1000

3

CAMBODIA

Andaman

ep

-

se Ri

S

Colombo

M

MAURITIUS

THAILAND

Andaman Islands (to India)

Sri Lanka SRI LANKA

LAOS

Yangon (Rangoon)

Bay of Bengal

800

600

400

Gulf of Tonkin

en

K

d

ey

nk

eR Amirant Am ir ant e Tre

I

(BURMA)

Trincomalee

Ma din LES gl E L Seych elles H B C Mahé a Y Amirante Chagos ne Islands Archipelago Zo e Amirante r Diego sc u t Basin ar Garcia British Indian nc idge ac Saya de Ocean Territory h Fr Malha Agalega (to UK) a Farquhar Bank e m o Islands Z V Group (to Mauritius) re u ct ra Mascarene o F Arg B a s i n Nazareth Bank Cargados Carajos Bank Toamasina n e Zo Rodrigues re ren (to Mauritius) tu Réunion

Visákhapatnam

MALDIVES

i

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va

R

1

1000

TAIWAN

i tra

s

M

So m

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B

sb

ge

i

a

d

Kochi / Cochin Tuticorin

MYANMAR

Ganges Fan

Chennai (Madras)

Mangalore

Laccadive Islands (to India)

rl

ish na

Chittagong

CHINA

A M T N

Ri

Kr

Arabian Sea

Arabian Basin

Kolkata (Calcutta)

INDIA

Mumbai (Bombay)

Dhaka

800

projection: Mollweide

East China Sea

E

Ca

Miles

dd

600

200

0

ra

400

200

I

(to Yemen) Error Tablemount

u

Km

0

V

Socotra

Andrew Tablemount

Narmada

BANGLADESH

N i n e t y e a s t

N

A

Fan Bhávnagar

A

ap

Y

ng

rta a-Fa Alul rench T

X

ko

Ridge East Sheba k Ridge

n

us

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ba

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fialálah

EN

R

S

m B ra h

Ganges

da

She

M

y

e

Go

O M YE

ra

A

Karáchi

Ind

A RABIA

PAKISTAN g id

W

Scale 1:42,000,000

Me

Bandar-e ‘Abbás s Ad Dammám i a n Gulf OMAN BAHRAIN DubaiG QATAR Doha u l f Gwádar of O Abu Dhabi man UAE Míná’ Qábús

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IRAN

V

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IRAQ er

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 There are over 1300 small coral islands in the Maldives, but only about 200 are inhabited. They are based around an ancient submerged volcanic mountain range and all the islands are low-lying, none rising more than 6 ft (1.8 m) above sea level.

 The steeper eastern side of Madagascar is drained by numerous short, fast-flowing rivers. In contrast, larger, more languid rivers flow across the west. Both erode huge quantities of Madagascar’s reddish soil.

Kuwait KUWAITP

T

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S

ul

R

la

Q

Sea

P

East In diam an

N

0

W

10

5 5

30 Km

20 10

20

X

17

30 Miles

Y

Z

173

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

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K

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rray Mu Moun

t Kosc iuszk 2228mo

South

East Po

int Bass Strait

Lake G

Ducie Island

ordon

Tasma

nia

Lowest recorded temperature: Canberra, Australia -8°F (-22°C)

INDO-A

UST RAL I AN ANTA PLAT E S o u RCTIC the PLA TE ast

Dirk Hartog Island

Ind

Most southerly point: Macquarie Island, Australia 54° 30’ S

South East Point, Australia, 39° 10’ S

dg

Tr

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bl

Kanga roo Island

n

Steep Point, Australia 113° 9’ E

Ri

lau

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rip

be

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at

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Tropic of Caprico r

Cr

Lake F Lake rome Torren s

ustrali Basin an

N

Cape York, Australia 10° 41 ‘S

Coral Sea Ba sin

Gre

ly

A

acture Zone tina Fr man Dia

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South A

Cape Byron, Australia 153° 37’ E

12

ange

E

11

Lake E yre G Victorireat a Dese rt Nullarbor Plain Lake Gairdn er Great Australian Bi

Equator

Most westerly point: Cape Inscription, Australia 112° 57’ E

Simpso n Desert

arnegie

R ling

C

Lowest point: Lake Eyre, Australia -53 ft (-16 m) below sea level

Lake C

Dar

O

10

Highest recorded temperature: Bourke, Australia 128°F (53°C)

lb er t

A u s t r a l i Gibson a Desert

Natura Platealiste u

Largest lake: Lake Eyre, Australia 3430 sq miles (8884 sq km)

rk

N

Most easterly point: Clipperton Island, 109° 12’ W

Gulf o Carpenf taria

Tanam Desert i

Great Sand Desert y

Perth Basin

Highest point: Mount Wilhelm, Papua New Guinea 14,794 ft (4509 m)

Gulf o Papuaf Torres Strait CapeY ork

Arafura Shelf

Ba

Fortescue n o urt

b Ash

A

Dirk Hartog Island Steep Point Mur

Most northerly point: Eastern Island, Midway Islands 28° 15’ N

Greatest extent, East–West: 2500 miles /4000 km 9

I

8

Fitz r oy

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Fly

Arnhem Land

Kimber V Platea ley u

Exmou Platea th u

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Bismarc k Sea

and

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D

and many island groups scattered across the Pacific Ocean. Greatest extent, North–South: 2000 miles / 3200 km

LI

u Si epik n ea

ng Wa rrego e

N

including the continent of Australia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea

7

RA

G

Admira lt Islandsy

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3,285,048 sq miles (8,508,238 sq km), takes in 14 countries

ST -AU

I T im o r Sea

North Austra lian Basin

ew

Cape York Peninsula

Australasia and Oceania, covering a land area of

N

East Ca ro Basin line

E

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2

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S o u th C h in a Sea

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13

Dirk Hartog Island, Australia

Great Dividing Range

New Caledonia

New Zealand

Tonga

Ducie Island, Pitcairn Islands

Tuamoto Islands

14

Cross-section from Dirk Hartog Island, Australia to Ducie Island, Pitcairn Islands

15

0 0

line of cross-section

500

1000

1500 Km 1000

500

1500 Miles

16

17

A

174

B

C

D

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F

G

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Bay of Plenty

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AUSTR AL ASIA & OCE ANIA A

B

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F

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H

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Political Australasia & Oceania

1

2

Scale 1:32,000,000 Km 0

0

6

600

800

Wake Island (to US)

ian

(to US)

M

Saipan

ar

Guam

Nor t her n Mar i ana Islands

M

Philippine Sea

Density of settlement in the region is generally low. Australia is one of the least densely populated countries on Earth with over 80% of its population living within 25 miles (40 km) of the coast – mostly in the southeast of the country. New Zealand, and the island groups of Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia, are much more densely populated, although many of the smaller islands remain uninhabited.

800

400

200

Miles

5

Population

600

400

200

projection: Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area

a Islands

4

M

 Western Australia’s mineral wealth has transformed its state capital, Perth, into one of Australia’s major cities. Perth is one of the world’s most isolated cities – over 2500 miles (4000 km) from the population centres of the eastern seaboard.

Vast expanses of ocean separate this geographically fragmented realm, characterized more by each country’s isolation than by any political unity. Australia’s and New Zealand’s traditional ties with the United Kingdom, as members of the Commonwealth, are now being called into question as Australasian and Oceanian nations are increasingly looking to forge new relationships with neighbouring Asian countries like Japan. External influences have featured strongly in the politics of the Pacific Islands; the various territories of Micronesia were largely under US control until the late 1980s, and France, New Zealand, the USA and the UK still have territories under colonial rule in Polynesia. Nuclear weapons-testing by Western superpowers was widespread during the Cold War period, but has now been discontinued.

3

L

(to US)

i

c

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HAGÅTÑA

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Bikini Atoll

n

e

Ralik Chain Yap

C a r o l i n Chuuk e I

MELEKEOK

M

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A

PA L AU

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PA P U A N E W G U I N E A

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Arawa Ubai Bougainville

Madang

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Mount Hagen

S olomon S ea

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fur

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(people per sq km)

New Georgia Islands

N

EA C

t

D

i

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NEW Dubbo Newcastle SOUTH WALES Sydney

Wilcannia

Ballarat Mount Gambier

Island

15

Perth

Lord Howe Island (to Australia)

g

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n

ng

Grafton

Da

Ra Gre y

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B ar w

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Mount Magnet

Norfolk Island (to Australia)

Toowoomba

Great Victoria Lake Everard Port Augusta Wollongong Campbelltown Desert Lake Gairdner CANBERRA ray in Ceduna Whyalla a Mur AUSTRALIAN Wagga Wagga l CAPITAL TERRITORY rP rbo lla Great Au st rali an Adelaide u Bendigo N Big ht Kangaroo Horsham V IC TOR I A

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Brisbane

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P A

Rockhampton

id

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Erromango Tanna Î les Lo ya uté

New Caledonia

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a

Charleville

Lake Eyre North

PORT-VILA

Mackay

Barcaldine

Simpson Desert

VANUATU

ri

re

ee

QUEENSLAND

Alice Springs

W E S T E R N AU S T R A L I A

Santa Cruz Islands

(to France) R

G

Hughenden

Mount Isa Tanami Desert T E R R I T O RY

Gibson D ese r t

SOLOMON ISLANDS

Espiritu Santo Malekula

(to Australia)

ar

IN DI A

B

Cairns

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Hamersley Rang e

a

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Tennant Creek

Great S andy D ese r t

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at

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Broome

d

Guadalcanal

Coral Sea Islands

Townsville

Kimberley Plateau Derby

n

HONIARA

Coral S ea

Normanton

Wyndham

Port Hedland

Cape York Peninsula

re

14

Gulf of Carpentaria

Katherine

la

Banks Islands

G

m The myriad of small coral islands which are scattered across the Pacific Ocean are often uninhabited, as they offer little shelter from the weather, often no fresh water, and only limited food supplies.

Joseph Bonaparte Gulf

Timor Sea

12

13

Arnhem Land

Darwin

below 4 5-24 25-49 50-99 100-199 200-299 above 300

Is

i

To r re s S t ra i t

Population density

11

n

Island

PORT MORESBY

Ara

s

New Ireland

Bi smarck Wewak New S ea

9

YAREN

e

Esperance

Melbourne Geelong

Str Bass

Albany

Tasmania

ai

t

Ta s m a n Sea

Launceston

TA S M A N I A Hobart

16

 The planes of the Australian Royal Flying Doctor Service are able to cover large expanses of barren land quickly, bringing medical treatment to the most inaccessible and far-flung places.

17

A

176

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

POLITICAL AUSTR AL ASIA & OCE ANIA R

V

M

O

MA

E

A

S

T

AL

LE

E PID

EN

N

R

N

Australian Papuan Indo-European Austronesian

IL

2

A U

GIN

GL

1

Language groups SE

SE

A

H

TE

(PIDGIN)

U

RS

G

TOK PISIN P

Z

ER

PA

Y

B

English is spoken throughout Australia and New Zealand. In Australia, English has been superimposed on a mosaic of Aboriginal languages. In New Zealand, the indigenous language, Maori, is the official language besides English. In Papua New Guinea, Melanesian Pidgin has become a lingua franca alongside several hundred indigenous languages. Across the region, the indigenous languages can be grouped into (1) the Aboriginal languages of Australia, (2) the Papuan languages spoken mostly inland in Papua New Guinea, and (3) the widely dispersed Austronesian, which includes coastal languages of Papua New Guinea, New Zealand Maori and languages of Oceania.

A

X

O RR

S T SA

ISH

MO

PIDG

ENG

IN

H

LISH

R

AN

DI IN

N

A

E

TA H

S

ITI

FRENCH

3 AN

I

O

FIJI

O

N

C

Languages

H

W

GA

Q

N

P

N

O

T

N

FR

A

EN

N

CH

4

R

I

5

G

L

E

MA O

I S

N

I

L

H

G

H

S

E

N

MARSHALL 6

ISLANDS

P A C I F I C

Ratak Chain

O C E A N Kingman Reef (to US)

Palmyra Atoll (to US)

m Aboriginal languages and cultures are preserved in the central and northern regions of Australia. Ever since the arrival of European settlers, Australia’s indigenous peoples have been marginalized. Recently, both their culture and land rights have been increasingly recognized.

Teraina Tabuarean

i

K I R I BAT I i

n

Kiritimati Jarvis Island (to US)

L

Baker & Howland Islands (to US)

Tarawa T u

n

ga

a

I

R

I

B

A

T

I

Tokelau (to NZ)

No r t h e r n C o o k I s l a n d s

(to US)

a

ÁPIA

o

PAGO PAGO

Lautoka

TONGA

SUVA

Lau Group

below 10,000

Tu a ety

slan

AVARUA

ds

Whangarei

O C E A N n

Hamilton New Plymouth Co

ok

nA lp

er

ut h So

Île

s A u

indication of maritime country extent indication of maritime dependent territory extent

(to France) str

al

11

full international border

state border

12

Mururoa

es

Communications major roads

Îles Gambier

major railways

Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie & Oeno Islands (to UK)

Pitcairn Island

l

Trop Capr ic of icorn

13

14

Rotorua

Transport

 Outrigger canoes have been used for centuries throughout the Pacific islands, especially in Micronesia. Hunting and fishing expeditions traditionally required several nights spent at sea, and stronger canoes were built for this purpose.

Hawke Bay

Hastings Palmerston North

Christchurch

Dunedin

Chatham Islands

NEW (to NZ) ZEALAND

While sea travel remains of paramount importance throughout the continent, well-developed regional and international air travel has reduced the region’s global isolation. Internal air travel is particularly important in Australia, where distances are great and road systems are poorly developed or in some areas non-existent. Australia’s rail system, still operating on three different gauges, a legacy of its piecemeal development, is being upgraded, particularly in the north-south links.

Auckland Islands (to NZ)

N

Borders

ds

y

Strait

WELLINGTON

Foveaux Invercargill Str ait Stewart Island

State capital

an

Bay of Plenty

Auckland

s

o

P

Isl

F r e n c h P o l y n e s i a

e North Island

Is

Tahiti

Rarotonga

Kermadec Islands (to NZ)

tu

PAPEETE l a

NUKU'ALOFA

C I F I C

Country capital

mo

s

F I J I

10

10,000 to 50,000

Niue (to NZ)

o ok I

100,000 to 500,000 50,000 to 100,000

Soci

S o ut h e r n C

500,000 to 1 million

Marquesas Islands

nd

Viti Levu

1 million to 5 million

Flint Island

(to NZ)

Vanua Levu Labasa

above 5 million

Millennium Island

C o ok Islands

9

Population

i

Sam

Map key

a

Manihiki

American Samoa

s

(to France)

Penrhyn

d s a n s l

T U VA L U

Wallis and Futuna SAMOA

Equator

I Malden Island Starbuck Island

Funafuti

8

e

ru

K

Phoenix Islands

South Island

7

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

15

16

m Australia’s vast interior is traversed by a limited number of vital roads, linking the major coastal cities to one another. Bulk freight crosses the country along these roads in huge articulated trucks known as ‘road trains’.

X

Y

17

Z

177

AUSTR AL ASIA & OCE ANIA A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

Australasian & Oceanian resources

1

2

Northern Mariana Islands (to US)

Natural resources are of major economic importance throughout Australasia and Oceania. Australia in particular is a major world exporter of raw materials such as coal, iron ore and bauxite, while New Zealand’s agricultural economy is dominated by sheep-raising. Trade with western Europe has declined significantly in the last 20 years, and the Pacific Rim countries of Southeast Asia are now the main trading partners, as well as a source of new settlers to the region. Australasia and Oceania’s greatest resources are its climate and environment; tourism increasingly provides a vital source of income for the whole continent.

3

M

Saipan

m The largely unpolluted waters of the Pacific Ocean support rich and varied marine life, much of which is farmed commercially. Here, oysters are gathered for market off the coast of New Zealand’s South Island.

M

i

Guam (to US)

M I C R O N

4

PA L A U

Standard of living

 Huge flocks of sheep are a common sight in New Zealand, where they outnumber people by 12 to 1. New Zealand is one of the world’s largest exporters of wool and frozen lamb.

5

6

l

PAPUA NEW GUINEA New Guinea

Port Moresby

Araf

7

ura

Darwin

Se

a

To r r e s S t r a i t

Gr

Gulf of Carpentaria

ea

tB

Timor Sea

8

e

M

In marked contrast to its neighbour, Australia, with one of the world’s highest life expectancies and standards of living, Papua New Guinea is one of the world’s least developed countries. In addition, high population growth and urbanization rates throughout the Pacific islands contribute to overcrowding. The Aboriginal and Maori people of Australia and New Zealand have been isolated for many years. Recently, their traditional land ownership rights have begun to be legally recognized in an effort to ease their social and economic isolation, and to improve living standards.

ar ri

er

Re

Townsville

ef

9

N I N D I A

Standard of living (UN human development index)

low

high

11

figures unavailable

L

I

A

Adelaide Geelong Perth

A N

14

A

E

13

R

C

The prospect of rising sea levels poses a threat to many low-lying islands in the Pacific. Nuclear weapons-testing, once common throughout the region, was finally discontinued in 1996. Australia’s ecological balance has been irreversibly altered by the introduction of alien species. Although it has the world’s largest underground water reserve, the Great Artesian Basin, the availability of fresh water in Australia remains critical. Periodic droughts combined with over-grazing lead to desertification and increase the risk of devastating bush fires, and occasional flash floods.

12

S T

O

Environmental issues

A U

Bikini Atoll Eniwetak Atoll

Malden Island

Fangataufa

N

15

desert desertification polluted rivers radioactive contamination

Macken z

so chi n

M

P A C I F I C

ie

Darli ng

forest destroyed 16

ur

tropical forest

Coral Sea

O C E A

national parks

I N D I A N

Environmental issues

O C E A N m In 1946 Bikini Atoll, in the Marshall Islands, was chosen as the site for Operation Crossroads – investigating the effects of atomic bombs upon naval vessels. Further nuclear tests continued until the early 1990s. The long-term environmental effects are unknown.

Sydney

Murray

marine pollution

Ta s m a n Sea

heavy marine pollution

17

poor urban air quality

A

178

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

AUSTR AL ASIAN & OCE ANIAN R E SOU RCE S N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

Agriculture, industry and minerals

c

r

o

1

Much of the region’s industry is resource-based: sheep farming for wool and meat in Australia and New Zealand; mining in Australia and Papua New Guinea and fishing throughout the Pacific islands. Manufacturing is mainly limited to the large coastal cities in Australia and New Zealand, like Sydney, Adelaide, Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth and Auckland, although small-scale enterprises operate in the Pacific islands, concentrating on processing of fish and foods. Tourism continues to provide revenue to the area – in Fiji it accounts for 15% of GNP.

n

MAR SHAL L I SL AN D S

m The massive Ok Tedi copper mine was opened in 1988. It is situated in the midst of remote tropical jungle in Papua New Guinea.

e

s

E S I A Pohnpei

Ralik Chain

Ratak Chain

3

P A C I F I C

i

Kosrae

2

4

a

O C E A N

n Tu

ga

Kiritimati

ru

a

n

NAU RU

e

5

K

s

i

I

a

R

I

B

A

T

K I R I B AT I Starbuck Island

T U VA L U

SOLOMON Honiara

I

(to NZ)

Cook Islands

SAMOA

(to France)

Ápia

Pago Pago

Port-Vila

Suva

(to NZ)

F I JI

(to France)

l o

Hobart

P

s

s

8

French Poly nesi a (to France)

Au

str

ale

9

s

(to UK)

Dunedin

Climate daily hours of sunshine, January

arid cool continental humid sub-tropical mediterranean semi-arid tropical warm humid

daily hours of sunshine, July cold wind hot wind Sou the ast

r Equato

10

Industry brewing chemicals copra engineering finance fish processing food processing hi-tech industry iron & steel meat processing

printing & publishing shipbuilding sugar processing textiles timber processing coal oil gas industrial cities

Mineral resources

11

bauxite copper gold iron lead nickel 12

Climate

Christchurch

Ta s m a n Sea

Launceston

Wellington

nd

Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie & Oeno Islands

sheep coconuts coffee fishing fruit shellfish sugar cane vineyards whaling wheat

Canberra

NEW ZEALAND

Is l a

Î l e s G amb i e r

barren land cropland desert forest mountain region pasture

Newcastle Auckland

nd

ot u

Using the land and sea

Toowoomba

Sydney

Is l a

Avarua

Îles

y Brisbane

Societ y

Tahiti

n

Nuku'alofa

Tu a m

e

Niue

New Caledonia

7

s

(to US)

TONGA

Marquesas Islands

i

(to NZ)

American Samoa

VA N U A T U

Melbourne

a

Penrhyn

Wallis and Futuna

Wollongong

6

Tokelau

ISLANDS

Coral Sea

m Plumes of steam rise from the electricity turbines on New Zealand’s North Island. New Zealand is one of the few countries in the world where geothermal energy makes a significant contribution to national energy production.

Surrounded by water, the climate of most areas is profoundly affected by the moderating effects of the oceans. Australia, however, is the exception. Its dry continental interior remains isolated from the ocean; temperatures soar during the day, and droughts are common. The coastal regions, where most people live, are cooler and wetter. The numerous islands scattered across the Pacific are generally hot and humid, subject to the different air circulation patterns and ocean currents that affect the area, including the El Niño ocean current anomaly, which produces extreme aridity.

13

14

Equator

Mo nso on

Madang

y ar nu Ja

W in ds

m The tourist trade continues to bring valuable income to the region. Fiji, Guam and the Cook Islands are favoured destinations for Japanese, American and Australian tourists. Surfers Paradise near Brisbane, Australia, is part of the fastest growing tourist area in the country; 40 years ago, the area was wild bushland.

N

O

Sou th E a

Suva

Darwin Townsville

Queensland

Jan Brisbane ua ry W Alice Springs inds

n icor apr fC ic o p o Tr

Sydney Adelaide

Sou th E

R

Tra des

n

16

Auckland

 Coconuts are harvested throughout the islands of the Pacific Ocean, and dried in the sun for their white meat which is known as copra. Dried copra is crushed in processing plants to produce valuable coconut oil, used in making soap, margarine and cooking oil.

Melbourne

S

15

st T rad es

nds Januar y Wi

Hobart

Q

Sou th E a

Tropic of Ca prico r

Perth

P

ast

st T rad es

Dunedin

T

U

V

W

X

17

Y

Z

179

AUSTR AL ASIA & OCE ANIA A

B

C

D

E

F

G

K

Australia Australia is the world’s smallest continent, a stable landmass lying between the Indian and Pacific oceans. Previously home to its aboriginal peoples only, since the end of the 18th century immigration has transformed the face of the country. Initially settlers came mainly from western Europe, particularly the UK, and for years Australia remained wedded to its British colonial past. More recent immigrants have come from eastern Europe, and from Asian countries such as Japan, South Korea and Indonesia. Australia is now forging strong trading links with these ‘Pacific Rim’ countries and its economic future seems to lie with Asia and the Americas, rather than Europe, its traditional partner.

Total land area

6 people per sq mile (2 people per sq km)

2,967,893 sq miles (7,686,850 sq km)

Land use and agricultural distribution

d w Islan Barro

F or t es cu e R

ulf

ape West C North uth Exmo onth Learm

Hamersle

Lake M

O

y R an

Mount Meharry 1251m

Riv e r

ction ne Jun

Robinso

y

Gasco

am

Ri ve Mur c h

on

n Lake A

is

Lake Au

ton

Mo

m The Great Barrier Reef is the world’s largest area of coral islands and reefs. It runs for about 1240 miles (2000 km) along the Queensland coast.

180

B

C

D

ch

Magnet

Leonora

erth

P tle Freman ham

La

Menzies

Lake Rebecc

g

rah

Mandu

ry

Bunbu n usselto

Kondinin e Lake Hop g Lake Kin in

n

Brookto

Narrog

Caiguna Balladonia

Tower Peak 594m

Esperance

town g Bridge up lin anjim r M e Stir nt Barker iv R ret n a ou to a M rg er a st b M ugu Pem eeuwin A Cape L any

B

Alb

Great Artesian Basin

Aquifers from which artesian water is obtained

Rainwater replenishes aquifer

Underground water movements

Lake Eyre Australian Alps

The Lake Eyre basin, lying 51 ft (16 m) below sea level, is one of the largest inland drainage systems in the world, covering an area of more than 500,000 sq miles (1,300,000 sq km).

E

n

Norseman as Lake Dund

e

N u l

y

Lake Cowa

rp Ravenstho

Wagin g Katannin

Collie

Lake Lefro

nston Lake Joh

a

Rawlinna Kitchener

die

Coolgar

a

n

F

G

m The Great Artesian Basin underlies nearly 20% of the total area of Australia, providing a valuable store of underground water, essential to Australian agriculture. The ephemeral rivers which drain the northern part of the basin have highly braided courses and, in consequence, the area is known as ‘channel country.’

Tasmania has the same geological structure as the Australian Alps. During the last period of glaciation, 18,000 years ago, sea levels were some 300 ft (100 m) lower and it was joined to the mainland.

H

I

J

K

ll

Lake Carey

Kambald

Cross

Merredi

Perth

Lake Throsse Lake Yeo

ke Ballard

ie

Northam York

egie

Lake Wells

Kalgoorl Southern

n g e R a

A

Lake Carn

A RALI AUST

stin

Wubin Pithara

Gingin oo Wanner

Arnhem Land

e

oore Lake M

Moora

Rockin

t G ib so n D es er

gory

Lake Barlee

nacles The Pin

The tropical rain forest of the Cape York Peninsula contains more than 600 different varieties of tree.

Lake ment Disappoint

Wiluna Lake Way

ake ngers L

n g l i a r

The Nullarbor Plain is a low-lying limestone plateau which is so flat that the TransAustralian Railway runs through it in a straight line for more than 300 miles (483 km).

g

ng

Yalgoo

15

17

Ra

Lake Gre

Mee

nean

The Great Dividing Range forms a watershed between east- and west-flowing rivers. Erosion has created deep valleys, gorges and waterfalls where rivers tumble over escarpments on their way to the sea.

16

Carnarvon

n R an

Mount

Gerald

The Simpson Desert has a number of large salt pans, created by the evaporation of past rivers and now sourced by seasonal rains. Some are crusted with gypsum, but most are covered by common salt crystals.

A

ERN WEST

katharra

r

Denh

Great Artesian Basin

More than half of Australia rests on a uniform shield over 600 million years old. It is one of the Earth’s original geological plates.

Tobin Lake

Lake Auld

ndy L i t t l e Sear t Des

a Kumarinse Roadhou

rri

m The Pinnacles are a series of rugged sandstone pillars. Their strange shapes have been formed by water and wind erosion.

Lake Dora

Newman

burg Range

Kalba

Uluru (Ayers Rock)

civ

rt

es al Lak

Bar

ge

D

13

Marble

e

ay

Per

B

The ancient Kimberley Plateau is the source of some of Australia’s richest mineral deposits, including diamonds.

14

k

12

Island

ar

Australia consists of many eroded plateaux, lying firmly in the middle of the Indo-Australian Plate. It is the world’s flattest continent, and the driest, after Antarctica. The coasts tend to be more hilly and fertile, especially in the east. The mountains of the Great Dividing Range form a natural barrier between the eastern coastal areas and the flat, dry plains and desert regions of the Australian ‘outback.’

11

Dorre

g Harto Dirk Island

The landscape

10

Bernie

Wald

acleod

rvon Carna

Great Sandy De se

De G re y Ri ve r

s Augustu Mount 1105m

ya

Minil

Sh

m Lines of ripening vines stretch for miles in Barossa Valley, a major wine-growing region near Adelaide.

d r Islan

rice

Tom P

r

Para Ke nne Ba th R rle ange eR ang e

Bay

ht

oom

rton Rive

Gascoyn e

Hobart

Fitzroy Crossing

Witten

w

burdoo

ricorn of Cap Tropic

Eig

iver

Onslo bu

Coral

9

D

I N

A

I

elago nd chip Port Hedla r Ar pie ickham him Creek W m W Da ampier D a e KarrathRoebourn

capital cities major towns

Melbourne

N A

154

CANBERRA

r oy Riv er

ld R anges

100m / 328ft

100

sea level

pasture cropland forest desert mountain region

itz

Plateau

Bea

Population density

90

Derby

Kupingarri

opo

ile

80

Le

M

70

ng

y

60

Kimberley

nge

50

na

Lombadi

Ki

Broome

250m / 820ft

Sydney

Adelaide

500m / 1640ft

10,000 to 50,000

N

40

E

1000m / 3281ft

C

100,000 to 500,000

Mount Hann 779m

Co lli er Ba y

Ra

Perth

2000m / 6562ft

h

Brisbane

500,000 to 1 million 50,000 to 100,000

rural 15%

Bonaparte Archipelago

ands Heywood Isl d Adele Islan

1 million to 5 million

As

A U S T R A L I A

30

OCEAN FIC CI

IN

D

Townsville Alice Springs

20

350

Elevation

Population

th G

PA

IA

C

10

300

250

Map key

below 10,000 0

cattle sheep cereals sugar cane timber vineyards

Darwin

200

150

100

350

F

7

O

Timor Sea

300

nd

N

N EA

urban 85%

50

Miles

250

200

ou

6

25

0

150

100

projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

The urban/rural population divide

Over 104 million sheep are dispersed in vast herds around the country, contributing to a major export industry. Cattle-ranching is important, particularly in the west. Wheat, and grapes for Australia’s wine industry, are grown mainly in the south. Much of the country is desert, unsuitable for agriculture unless irrigation is used.

5

Km

0 25 50

rry CapeLondonde le vil ain ug Bo Cape Kalumburu Bigge Island

gS

Using the land

Scale 1:10,500,000

Kin

4

M

 Uluru (Ayers Rock), the world’s largest free-standing rock, is a massive outcrop of red sandstone in Australia’s desert centre. Wind and sandstorms have ground the rock into the smooth curves seen here. Uluru is revered as a sacred site by many aboriginal peoples.

Exmou

1

L

L

M

Torres

a

Cape

o f

York

Groote Eylandt

Katherine

Larrimah

i

Cardwel

kin

r

ve

lla

Co

urt

Quilpie

arb

Newcastle Adelaide

Albany

CANBERRA

Melbourne

N

O

P

Hobart

Fitzro

ver

Ri

ne

on

Coolaba

mo

i Riv

er

g e

Moree Nan de wa r Narrab ri

Walgett

h Coonab arabran Nyngan

Armid Gunned ale ah Tamwo rth

Roun Harbo ur 1583md Mountain

Ri

ver

Forbes

Hillston

L Griffith Hay Murrumb idg ee Balranald Ri Ouyen ve W ag ga Wagga Swan Hill Sea Lake Deniliquin Birchip Kerang

Parkes

Orange Cessno ck Lithgow Newca B at h stle u rst Cowra Richm ond Gosford Lake Bu P e Parram Young rragora nrith ng a

Campb

elltown

Murr

i

CANBE

y

Woll

RRA

Bimbe

Canberr a

VICTOR

IA Melbourne

G

e

r

a

T

a

a 13

192

rd Smit

h

Nowra ongong -Boma JERV derry BA TERRIS ITORY Y

t

Dimboola

Sydnettya

Kingsfo

e

la n

rie

S

h ac

Taree

n

Lake Garnpung

i n

Mildura

Port Macqu a

14

a

Keith

n

Coffs

R

NEW S O U T Gilgandra Bar H DubboM rington TopMsurrurundi Ivanhoe uswellb 1585m Burrend rook ong Lak WAL E S Reservoir Winedamere

g

Tailem Bend

Grafto

n

River

a

re y

rier

Bar V

B

Broken Hill

on

Na

Cobar

ge

Mount Bryan 932m

f en

IA IN

Brisbane Kalgoorlie

Bar w

ne

Su P rfers G Warwaradise C old ick oast Stanth Murw orpe illumb ah Cape B yron Lismo re

s 15

Sydney

King Island

The transport network 204,470 miles (329,100 km)

11,658 miles (18,619 km)

5911 miles (9514 km)

5197 miles (8366 km)

S

Bass St rait

Hunter Islan

Well-developed air transport links, including the Royal Flying Doctor Service, connect the sparsely populated centre and west. Most freight travels in massive trucks known as ‘road trains.’

R

South East Point

T

F oup t ux Gr nea ur

A U S T R A L I A

OCEAN IC IF

Alice Springs

Perth

iwindi

Brisba

wich

Down g s

C

D

Cairns Townsville

Mount Isa

A

Tennant Creek

P

N

Gaynd

Goond

r

C

D

i

Bourke

Broken Hill

Be Peterborou Jamestown gh

Wallaroo

rlin

ranband

ri Peak River Echuca AUST 1913m Albury CAPITRALIAN angaratta SheppartW W on TERRITAL odonga Ho rsh Be am nd ORY ig Naracoorte o Mount K Euroa osciuszko Cooma Myrtlefo Naroom 2228m rd Avoca s a M ou p Seymour nt Bogong Mt. Williams Al 1986m Bega tourism Ballarat Sunbury n r e Mount Gambier v Tullamarine i a Ri Hamilton Bacchus Marsh capital cities ral Lake Werribee Aust Portland Corangamite major towns Dandenong Geelong Warrnamboo international airports Moe Orbost l Sale Bairnsdale Morwell major roads Traralgon major industrial areas Cape Otway

coal electronics engineering

Darwin

Da

Wilcannia

gR

r i ve

a

O

Timor Sea

Wanaarin g Milparinka

Ran

rs Saint Mary Peak 1180m

an Mount Remarkable a R 960m nd

Extensive mineral reserves, including coal, Port Lincoln Sp iron ore, gold, bauxite and copper, once Adelaide formed the heart of Australian industry, trait I n v e s t i g a t o r S Kingscote along with agricultural products. In recent Kangaroo Island years, Australia has moved from being a Major industry and infrastructure primary producer to a largely servicefood processing brewing based economy, particularly the rapidly mining car manufacture developing tourist industry. oil & gas chemicals N EA

dah Cunnam ulla

G

Lake Frome

Burra Mu Clare rra y Ri ver Maitland Renmark sa s Gawler o Elizabeth ar l l e y Lox ton a Adelaide

rG ul

ce

Tumby Bay

berg

on aws

d

s

Thargomin

i

ge

ge an

ge

a

s

Transport & industry

n

Lake Callabonna

Port Augusta

Whyalla Port Pirie Ey re Elliston P e n i n s u l a Crystal Brook

Bunda

Fraser Island H ervey ah Bay Charlevill Mitchel Maryb e l oroug h Roma Murgo Gymp n Miles ie Maro Namb Moo ochydoreour Calouloolaba Dalby S nshndra Moonie Cabu eC Toowo ooltuin r oast omba Bollon B risban e Saint G e Darli eorge B Dir n Ips

W

R

Wudinna

de Flin

er

8

aprico rn

Biloela Banan a

e ng

lian Bi gh t

Woomera

Lake Gairdner

ampto Curtis n Tropic one Island of C

Ra

Lake Everard Ga wl Ceduna

ge

tra Aus

at

Glendambo Lake

an

e Gr

Lyndhurst

Torrens

Bookabie

Lake Blanche

R

Reid

Rockh

e

Roxby Downs

M y Ri arlborough ver Yeppo on

ver

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Augathe

7

Gladst

k

g

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a

ee

n

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d oun nge ds e Ra BroaRang rs

Cr

W arr eg o Riv er

P l a i n

nt M er a iv c Alpha Emerald k e n z i e R Blackw ater Fairba Reservoirn Springs ir ure Rollesto Consuel n o Peak Moura 1219m

Windorah

Lake Yamma Yamm a

R

Lake Eyre South Marree

AUSTRALIA

no

Blackall

f

Northu mberla nd Isles

a

Sturt Stony Desert

Lake Gregory

Coober Pedy

on

Basin

Tira ri Des ert

Lake Eyre North

SOUTH

Lake Maurice

e

na

ang

nti

eR

Lake Eyre reek B a s i n on C

ma

Ri

6

Macka y Sarina

R

D ia

Pootnoura

g i n i d i v

Barcaldine

Great Ar tesian

Desert

Finke Kulgera Roadhouse

sert Great Victoria De

Cocklebiddy

ark

D

Ulu#u (Ayers Rock) 867m

ah

e

nt 1259m Dalrymple

C

Clermo

Longreach

Erldunda Roadhouse

Yulara

Whitsu Group nday Bloom Mou sbury

Lake Galilee

Alice Springs

Chandler

Madura

Dalrym Lake ple Moranb

Boulia

e

Bowen

Cl

en

Winton

Simpson

R

er

A

ille

Charter Towers s

Hughend

Hermannsburg

Jam es R anges

Eucla

Townsv

Mou Ri nt Elliot v 1234m

5

e

Burde

ge

I

Warburton

Loongana

o

Mount St ewart 997m

QUEEN SLAND

Tomkinson Ranges M usgrave Ranges

l a r b o r

Hinchin Island brook Ingham

l

Bambaro

r

ver

an

S

s Ri

R

e

Forsayth

y

t e a G r

der

or

Innisfail

l

an

Flin

L

es ng R aRoss River l l e Macdonn

Mount Zeil 1531m

Glen Helen

Kata Tju¢a (Mount Olga) 1069m

n

eg

4

m Lying on the border between New South Wales and Queensland, this summit is in the Great Dividing Range which splits the fertile eastern coast from the more arid interior.

r

Nor m

d

A

R

Lake Amadeus

Gr

Julia Creek

Se R a nl w y n ge

Yuendumu

Lake Neale

ver

Bartle Fr 1622m ere

Tully

Georgetow

Mount Isa Cloncurry

Barrow Creek Roadhouse

Hopkins Lake

Cairns

Mareeba Atherto Ravensh n oe Mount G arnet

r

a

n Camooweal

TERRITORY

Mount Liebig 1274m

ive

Normanton

Tennant Creek

S

Lakeland Ayton Downs Cape Tri Port Dou bulation glas Mossman

r

a

Burketown

D e s e r t

Lake Macdonald

tR

Karumba

Ri

NORTHERN

Laura Cooktown

r

Ri

l

Renner Springs Roadhouse

i ve

y

iver ia R or

ct

Bentinck Island

le

T a n a m i

T

ll R

r

b

Halls Creek

Lake Mackay

he

a

Lake Woods

a

er

Kalkarindji

T

Newcastle Waters

lb

Vi

Mount Wells 970m

Cape Crawford Roadhouse

Stur t Plain

Wellesley Islands

Mornington Island

B

Top Springs Roadhouse

ly

itc

Gi

ek Turkey Cre gle un B gle Bun Range

rk

M

C o

Ba

Daly Waters

3

Sir Edward Pellew Group Borroloola

t

Victoria River Roadhouse

Lake Argyle

U

ula

a

iver

C a r p e n t a r i a

r

Princess Charlotte Bay

Coen

Penins

m

Roper Bar

2

e

e

G u l f

v

r

L a n d

1

al

ly

ve

Weipa

Bulman

Pine Creek Ri

 The Great Barrier Reef attracts thousands of tourists every year, drawn by the spectacular coral formations and exotic marine life.

Nhulunbuy

G

Da

Vi

ria R

Wyndham Timber Creek Kununurra

ang

nd

A r n h e m

Cooinda

Mataranka

kR

sla

Y

D

Adelaide River

cto

ac

el I

Jabiru

Noonamah

Joseph Bonaparte Gulf

ur

ss We

Darwin

Mount Evelyn 366m

D

Elcho Island

S now

T i m o r S e a

Island

South Goulburn Island

X

W

de

Cob

o ur gP Melville en ins Island Van Dieme n ul a ulf G Gulf e l g Bea

Bathurst Island

AUSTR ALIA

it

En

Croker Island

Stra

Moa Island U Prince of Wales ait Island S t rCape Yo rk r u vo

T

s

N

Badu Island

a Q Se a A r a f u r Marchinbar

16

Flinders Is d land Cape Bar ren Islan Marrawah d Banks Str Burnie a G eo rg e To Devonport wn i Launcest on Mount Ossa Saint Mar 1617m ys

TASMAN

Lake Gordo

n

Lake Pedd

er

Hobart

m Sydney Harbour is one of the world’s most spectacular natural harbours. Founded in 1788, Sydney was the first major settlement in Australia.

IA

Maria Is land Hobar Kingsto t n South B runy Isla nd

X

Y

17

Z

181

AUSTR AL ASIA & OCE ANIA

Ar Nu ch y ip e

k

nC re e urt o

80

100

D

E

F

car manufacture chemicals coal engineering electronics finance food processing iron & steel mining

G

oil shipbuilding textiles

Cre e k

ka

ve r

Ri

Whyalla

Port Augusta

iver

CIF

New South Wales

a

Newcastle Sydney

Wollongong Adelaide

Wodonga

CANBERRA

Victoria

capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

Geelong

Melbourne

Bass Strait

T

Launceston

Tasmania H

PA

Broken Hill

Great Aus t B i g h t rali

IC OCE AN

Grafton

A

The region’s road links are well developed. A high-speed train service linking Melbourne, Sydney and Canberra is under discussion. High levels of air traffic, servicing the expanding tourist industry, is causing increased congestion.

Grampians

ns R

Major industry and infrastructure

The transport network

Brisbane

Cobar

n

C

Qu een sla nd

South Australia

a

B

No r t h e r n Te r r i t o r y

li Au s tr a

182

rier Ra nge

m Bondi Beach in Sydney is a famous ‘surf beach’; its rolling waves and sandy beaches draw locals, tourists and surf enthusiasts from all over the world.

n We s te r

Most manufacturing and service industry is based in the southeast. A thriving tourist industry contributes to 5% of GDP. The manufacture of electronic equipment, chemicals and vehicles is complemented by the more traditional fishing, agricultural and mining industries; iron ore and brown coal (lignite) are particularly important. A

re e k

Hopki

192

Transport and industry

17

ki C

an dB

The southeast of Australia is the most industrialized, economically stable, urbanized and ethnically diverse region, centred on the states of Victoria and New South Wales. The first area to be extensively settled, the southeast remains the country’s focus, with the four states which comprise this region containing more than 70% of the population in only 27% of the land area. The southeast – the cultural and artistic heartland of Australia – takes in five of the country’s great cities: Sydney, the largest city; Adelaide; Melbourne; Hobart; and Canberra, the centre of federal government.

16

lec

ay

N e w S o u t h W a l e s , S o u t h A u s t r a l i a , Ta s m a n i a , V i c t o r i a

15

The

Southeast Australia

Beaufort Casterton Coleraine Skipton Hamilton Dunkeld Branxholme Mount Gambier Lismore Penshurst Dartmoor Mortlake Macarthur Lake Port MacDonnell Heywood Coran gamite Discovery Koroit Camperdown Bay Portland Port Warrnambool Colac Cape Nelson Fairy tl Port Campbell Apollo Bay r o P Moonlight Head Cape Otway

Beachport Millicent

A

200

SE

180

AN

160

SM

140

Glene

120

Ri ve r

40

ca

20

projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

12

rze

sa V al l e y

ro s

en

Sp

200

St

e

Peninsula

lf

B

A

60

180

k ree aC

160

NE

ek Cre

120 140

il l

Eyre

da

100

al

un

80

aw

Menindee Lake Menindee

an

Miles

60

Broken Hill Olary

d an sb la hu nsu i

0

40

Stephens Creek

Kangaroo Island

Scale 1:5,500,000

Wilcannia

M

10

Mulyungarie Curnamona

ges ty Ran

sea level

White Cliffs

f nt Lo Mou

100m / 328ft

Packsaddle

Ta ly Waukaringa Mannahill Quorn g n Carrieton Yunta Port Augusta a aR Tandou Lake Wilmington B e nd 472m Orroroo Mount Remarkable Wirra Oodla Iron Knob 960m Melrose ra Bay che y Poo eak Str Lilydale Lake Giles Port Germein Minnipa Streaky Bay Peterborough Buckleboo Mindona lla Whya Baron Popiltah Lake Iron Point Westall inna Wud Oakbank Lake Lake Jamestown Port Pirie Port Kenny Kimba Cape Blanche Travellers Garnpung Gladstone Kyancutta Brook Cape Radstock Crystal Bryan Lake Mount Pooncarie Venus Bay Red Hill 932m Kopi Anxious Bay Lock ng Mount Wedge Burra i l Cleve ton r Brough Port Elliston Da Lake Cowell Snowtown Victoria Robertstown Investigator Flinders Sheringa Murdinga Wallaroo Kadina Clare Mu Wentworth Morgan Arno Bay Group Island r ray Ri ve r Balaklava Renmark Eudunda Moonta Merbein Karkoo Waikerie Barmera Mildura Pitarpunga Port Neill Port Wakefield Lake Berri Kapunda Blanchetown Cummins Red Cliffs Maitland Loxton Mallala Nuriootpa Meringur Euston Tumby Bay san Ardros Reach Swan Balrana Port Gawler ld Coffin Bay Peninsula Robinvale Sir Joseph Victoria Elizabeth Alawoona Paruna Point Whidbey Banks Group Hattah Port Adelaide Sandalwood Coffin Bay Annuello on Minlat Peebinga Port Lincoln Murray Kulwin Manangatang Thistle Adelaide Ouyen Bridge Walpeup Karoonda Cape Carnot Island own Yorket Gulf Mount Nyah West West Point Pinnaroo Bend Tailem Saint Lake Barker Gambier Islands Murrayville Stenhouse Vincent Tyrrell er Bay Lameroo Spenc Swan Hill Cape Patchewollock ds Victor Neptune Islan Lake Goolwa Sea Lake i g a t o r St rai t Harbor Alexandrina In v e s t 192 Encounter Coonalpyn Hopetoun Kingscote Bay Youn Meningie Quambatook Yaapeet Cape Borda Parndana Penneshaw Tintinara Pe g n Birchip Lake Hart Cape Keith Hindmarsh Wychepr oof eaume Ganth Cape Warracknabeal Cape de Couedic Coola Charlton Bordertown Nhill Coola Swamp Wedderburn Willalooka Kaniva Donald Dimboola Murtoa Rupanyup vo Lacepede Padthaway Horsham Bay Saint Arnaud Kingston Southeast Glenorchy Lucindale Naracoorte Stawell Rocklands Edenhope Avoca iver Reservoir Halls Gap Robe lg R Ararat Penola Balmoral

Adelaide

250m / 820ft

below 10,000

or rens ke T

500m / 1640ft

10,000 to 50,000

La

1000m / 3281ft

Eu r in Frome Downs

Parachilna

Hawker

Bookaloo Lake Macfarlane Low Hill

ht

2000m / 6562ft

100,000 to 500,000

Lake Frome

Saint Mary Peak 1180m

Island Lagoon

ig

Elevation

50,000 to 100,000

rdner Gai ke La

Bookabie Penong Lake Acraman Koonibba Coorabie ers Fowl Ga Ceduna wle Cape Adieu Bay r Ra Smoky Bay Wirrulla Point Bell nges ts ago Nukey Bluff l

Patawarta Hill 1015m

293m

Ba

ak

Lake Everard

Freeling Heights 944m

Arkaroola Lyndhurst Leigh Creek Andamooka Roxby Downs Copley

Pernatty Lagoon

Bollards Lagoon

Caryapundy Swamp Yarriarraburra Swamp Tibooburra Bulloo Creek onna Mount Sturt River l l ab Lake Tilcha 288m Overflow Ca Callabonna ek e Milparinka r C ma Mount Fitton nd a Ya Salt Lake Mount Arrowsmith

n

Frome Creek

Woomera

Cre e k

Lake Blanche

Gu

eL

Head of Bight

Wirraminna Kokatha

Lake Gregory

Marree

Glendambo

Kingoonya

ope r C

Curdimurka

Lake Younghusband

Lake Har ris

Yalata

500,000 to 1 million

10

Tarcoola

Ifould lake

1 million to 5 million

Km

Lyons

ay to

e re

r

t in

Mungala

Gre at Au st r ali an

Population

0 10 20

Carnes

Plain

7

11

t ar u ge St an R

pe n

bor N u l l a rCook

Mount Eba Olympic Dam

Wynbring

Ooldea Watson

Cl

Billa Kalina

Mirikata

Gina

Strzelecki Desert

Co

Wirrida

Wilkinsons Lakes

Moomba

Mungeranie

Desert

Lake Eyre Nor th

ope r

Innamincka

Tirari

Lake Eyre South

ALIA R T S U A H SOUT Half Moon Lake

Map key

reek as C

y

Maralinga

Co

Lake na Cadibar raw irracanWill iam Creek

Coober Pedy

f Wilson Bluf

9

D oug l

ng ye Lake Merama on cti Jun u Em

Desert

Bar

Pootnoura

e Lake Mauric

Nullarbor

Ne al e reek s ga C Algebuckina Bridge

Lora Creek

Lake Anthony

Hughes

in Arckar

C ek re

Ser

Wyola Lake

Evely n

Sturt Stony

Clifton Hills

R a n g e s

Marla

ek

ad Cadney Homeste

Lake De y-De

6

8

anch Neales h Br Nor t atta les Oodnad Nea South Branch

Iltur

t G r e a r i a o t c i V r t D e s e es

Creek Alberga

180

Cordillo Downs

k

re

Lake Eyre Basin

M

Lake Etamunbanie

ba um

Everard e r Ranges C

Thomas Mount Sir 772m

gate Range

Chandler

Mimili

e Mount Illbillem 917

Lake Griselda

ek Hamilton Cre

Wa rb

Fregon

aC reek

c Ma

rks

inn

Pedirka

Offic

ALIA USTR ERN A WEST Bi

e Range

re Mount Kinto 1070m

re ek

ce

n Ranges

vies Mount Da 1058m

Marryat

Yo rke Peninsu la

s Mount Morri Mount Woodroffe Pukatja 1514m Eater i ng s v

M u 1288m sgr a

o n t r e s e D

F l i n d e r s

S

Man

e n s on C

Creek

Abminga

te v

K

Pandie Pandie

re Ey

ITORY R R E T N ER NORTH S i m p s

I

J

Hobart

L

M

AUSTR AL ASIA & OCE ANIA: SOUTH E AST AUSTR ALIA N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

Using the land and sea

m The fertile Darling Downs, known as the ‘breadbasket of Australia’, support a wide range of crops including cereals, sugar cane and fruit.

The western flanks of the Great Dividing Range and the northern deserts of South Australia support massive herds of sheep and cattle, while more intensive stock-rearing occurs near the cities. Sugar cane is the most important industrial crop, and cereals including wheat, maize, barley and sorghum are also grown. Grapes, citrus and orchard fruits are among the wide range of fruit and vegetables cultivated in this Toowoo region. Tasmania’s forestry and fishing contributes to over Pittsworthmba one-third of the state’s exports.

W

X

Y

 The Murray River has its source in the eastern uplands of the Great Dividing Range. Fed by melting snow, it runs for 1609 miles (2589 km), and has Marooch sufficient volume to reach yd eMooloolor Su ab ns the ocean southeast of Nanango Nambour a Coasthine Adelaide despite a C Kilcoy aloundra minimal gradient for Bribie Isla nd Cabooltu most of its lower re Esk reaches. Moreton

Brisbane

1

2

Brisbane Island

Ipswich

North Stra dbroke Is land The urban/rural population divide South Stra 3 db roke Island Gold Coa st urban 85% rural 15% Surfers Pa ick Macint ra yre River Tweed H dise Legume Killarney eads Boggabilla Boomi Murwillu Du m W a St ba oo an m r h de th nbong r Barringun orpe u a b 100 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Mu r r a ngindi s North Star Cutt nnel New Angledool ive Weilmoringle Gorodooga Kyogle Mullumbimby Yetman a i G l G h e C C ape Byron Enngonia v il C r Lismore e Ri Yantabulla v Population density Total land area reek i Casino Wallangar Byron B Garah a Bonshaw nR ay ra Pa dir Rive ra 4 Bal Gw y r Ashley Co Coolatai r ra Wanaaring 18 people per sq mile 778,022 sq miles Coraki lina Lightning llarenebri ha Mount Bajim Tenterfie k ld (7 people per sq km) (2,015,600 sq km) ba W B o As oo Collerina hf db Fords Bridge or Ridge d urn Ev 1524m Moree Pokataroo an s Head Emmavill Warialda e Narran Lake Bar wo Dee Gravesend Rowena nR Wooded B North Bourke Glen Inne pwater i ve luff s Brewarrina Land use and nc Ya r Bingara Delungra e Ri ve Maclemba Bourke Walgett Mu agricultural distribution Inverell Ulmarraan Burren Juncti Bellata lg on G ra ft Go Namo on ngolgon Tingha r i River Wee Waa Nymboid Toorale i ve capital cities cattle a R Bu ndarra East 5 Pilliga Nan g Carinda Louth major towns sheep Guyra lin Glenreagh Narrabride war Ran ar g W e oo Byrock lg oolga Gwabegar bananas Barraba r D pasture orrigo Tilpa ve Coffs Har fishing oi cropland Bellingen am Boggabri Uralla Saw tell bour Coonamble Manilla N fruit Mount Booroondarra Armidale Round forest Ba rad Coolabah ine Urunga Mountain Macquarie sugar cane 441m Be ndemeer Gunnedah 1583m desert Nambucc Marshes a Heads vineyards M M ac ksville mountain region a cl Girilambone e Bellbrook Gulargambone Coonabarabr wheat Curlewis Walcha Wongalarroo Lake Cobar an Smoky Cap Currabubul Hermidale Tamworth e 6 a b er Barnato Korog Nyngan Poopelloe Lake No r t h e r n ge ung Canbelego ha Kempsey oro Point Werris Cree Tia g uy C le Binnaway k y r o t reek i Mount Nurri Mullengudger r r e T y Quirindi Warren 421m Point Pl wl Gilgandra Nevertire L Cre Port Macomer Bo Coolah i v e r ek quarie Tra Murrurund ng ie Wauchop R Nymagee i a n gp o o l e Brisbane e Qu een sla nd Wingham R i v e r Dunedoo Tottenham Narromine Scone Ta l b ra g a r Glouceste South Australia r r Cro Dubbo Barrington Merriwa Ab Taree wdy Head Tops erdeen Gulgong 1585 Muswellbrom Forsterok Tul lam Darnick Wellington ore Melrose Tuncurry Hunte Denman Dungog Mudgee Ivanhoe Mount Hope rR Peak Hill Yeo Matakana ive Bulahdelah val r Singleton Port Augusta Trida Bu rre ndong Myall Lake Trundle Rylstone Lake Willandra Billa Roto M Reser voir Wi New South Wales b on g C Mount Coric aitland Great Aus ndamere Ka Condobolin ud gy Mossgiel N Sydney el ree t so ndos 1257m Molong k Raymond n Bay Bight ral Cessnock Parkes Te Lak rr i e ac Car e gell igo l a eek Hillston For r a Or CANBERRA ange Newcastle Morisset n R bes C Adelaide 192 Lake Brewster Lake Mac ie i Eugowra Ba quar ie Naradhan Burcherver Ma r r o w thurstPortland Budgewoi Lake Ungarie Bla La Lithgow yney ke Wyong Merriwagga Cow Hatfield Victoria Richmond Rankins Springs al Gosford er Melbourne Oberon iv Booligal Grenfell Goolgowi West B R Pe r nr o ith Wy k along s Cowra Hornsbyen Bay an Gunbar Lake L a c hl Burragorang Barmedman Bass Strait Yenda Koorawatha atta SydneyParrKiam Carrathool Griffith ngsford ith T Young Camden Hay Hanwood Ardlethan Botany BaSm Maude y Picton Campbellto Temora w Mur rumbidgee R n Tasmania Lee ton 9 ive Boorowa Gun Cootamundra Creek Wollongon Crookwell Bowral Hobart Hardeng Coleambally Booroorban Coolamon Mu Nar Po rru ran rt dera mb Ke Go urr m ah ulburn bla Morundah Moss Burrinjuck Moulamein Kywong Junee Yass k Reser voir River Vale Kiama Cree Bil Wagga Wagga Gundagai Lake The southern half of the Great Dividing Range runs parallel to Yanco ve r l ab o No i wra-Bomad Lockhart ng C Mu George Tarago erry Mur r umbidgee R Jerilderie ree r ra k the eastern coast of Victoria and New South Wales as far as Tum ut Jer y R Wakool vis Bay The Rock Ura Sussex Canberra h Barham iv R i v e r na S i n a Henty Inlet JE Queanbey Deniliquin Tasmania, which, though divided from the mainland is part of the an RV Bat IS Kerang low BA Berrigan Culcairn Y TERRITORY 10 Finley Braidwood Ulladulla Tocumwal Cohuna Bimberi Peak same mountain chain. South Australia comprises the Australian Holbrook Tumbarumba1913m Captains Flat Mulwala Numurkah Cobram Albury shield and half of the dry, flat Nullarbor Plain. The Murray/ AUSTRALIAN Batem Echuca ans Bay Yarrawonga Corowa CAPITAL Lake Corry Wo Mo don ru ong ga Darling river basin is the only major river system. ya Kyabram Hume TERRITORY Shepparton Mount Tallangatta Wangaratta Kosciuszko Co oma Narooma Benalla 2228m Shallow Rushworth Myrtleford Montag Jindabyne Nimmitabel Bermagui ue Island 11 Dartmouth continental shelf  The heavily folded Bendigo s p Euroa Reservoir l Heathcote A Mount Flinders Ranges is part of Maryborough Be ga Past land link Bea uty Tathra n Tasmania an arc of sedimentary Bombala Broadford Seymour Mansfield ia Alexandra Castlemaine Merimbula al Mount Buller Delegate rocks reaching Kyneton Lake 1804m t r Omeo s Yea Bass Strait Eden Daylesford Eildon northward from Eildon A u Swifts Bonang Creek Sunbury Kangaroo Island. Green Cape m Tasmania is part of Australia’s Bu Ballarat cha n Dargo Disaster Bay Tullamarine eastern highlands, separated from the Cann River Healesville Mount Baw Baw Bacchus Marsh 12 Bruthen Lake Eyre is the largest of Ca pe Or Ho bost Melbourne 1564m mainland by 155 miles (250 km) of the Werribee Mallacoota we Bairnsdale southern Australia’s dry Dand enon g Maffra Bass Strait. In the recent geological Lake Geelong Port Ca Rame Head lakes. Lying -51 ft (-16 m) aT Phillip Welling ton Lakes Entrance Sale pe E past, dry land links between Tasmania The Musgrave and verard Warragul Moe robe River below sea level, it has Bay h eac and Victoria would have been possible Hastings Everard ranges form B Morwell flooded only three times The Murray/Darling is le i Torquay Korumburra Traralgon M during periods of world-wide bare, rounded hills in the last century. ty Australia’s longest river e Leon gath a Philli n p Island Lorne glaciation, when the sea level was made up of ancient Ni at 1703 miles (2739 km). Foster Yarr Wonthaggi am granite and gneiss. more than 180 ft (55 m) below that of 13 present sea levels. Snake Island Cape Liptrap Wilsons Promontory B ah South East Point Wa rat Hogan Group Great Dividing Range Cape Wickham Curtis Group Kent Group Egg Lagoon King Island 14 Palana Currie Flinders Island Grassy Stokes Point Whitemark Lady Barron Hunter Island Three Humm ock Island Cape Barren Island Cape Grim Robbins Island Ba Clarke Island Stanley Smithton Cape Portlandnks Stra 15 it The eastern part of the Nullarbor Marrawah Wynyard Geo rge Bluff Hill Plain has many sinkholes, Ar thur Riv Burnie Town Point Bridport eroded by rainwater, which run Eddystone Point Scottsdale Ulverstone Herrick underground to form a system of Dev onport Sandy Cape Railton Waratah Lilydale The world’s largest deposit of long caves in the limestone rocks. The eastern coastal Savage River Saint Helens Deloraine Launceston brown coal (lignite) is sited beneath plains of New South Longford Perth Saint Marys Victoria’s La Trobe Valley. S Rosebery ou Wales rise into a series Mount Ossa Grea t h E s k Ri v tM 16 1617m of plateaux known as Zeehan Lake Derw ent Queenstown Bic heno the tableland. Lake Brid ge Campbell Town Clair  Though temperate rainforest uarie Harbo StrahSt Tarraleah Swansea an Macq Cape Tourville er Lak grows in the wettest parts of ive r Riv e Sorell Freycinet Peninsula Bothwell Tasmania, extreme variations G Oatlands The glaciated central plateau Mount Kosciuszko, the Lake De Schouten Island Kempton in the levels of rainfall over Point Hibbs Oy of Tasmania has many lakes, Gordon r we highest point in the Snowy Ri Triabunna s t e r the island mean that some ve including Lake St Clair, a Mountains, is the tallest B ay Bridgewater r New Norfolk Maria Island Strathgordon 17 drier areas may experience piedmont lake more than mountain in Australia at Sorell Low Rocky Point Hobart Forestier Peninsula 700 ft (200 m) deep. forest fires. 7316 ft (2228 m). Lake Kingston Hobart Pedder Tasman Peninsula Geeveston Port Arthur Point Saint Vincent Stor m Cape Pill y e ar v a Southport Dover Bay Port D R S T U V W X Y Z South Bruny South West Cape Island Maatsuyker Group 183 South East Cape Millmer

D a r lrain n g D o w n s Warw

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VICTORIA

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CANBERRA

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Q U E E N S L A N D

Beaudeser

The landscape

nt

13

12

11

10

9

8

7

6

5

4

1

Pacific Plate

Alpine Fault

North Island

Fiordland, in the far south west, contains a large number of flooded glacial valleys.

Sutherland Falls

High levels of rainfall and a steep topography has made New Zealand’s rivers swift-running. In the southern reaches of both islands, rivers such as the Mokoreta form broad, braided streams.

Hokianga Harbour Omapere

K

Tu ta

Collingwood Kahurangi Point

Russell

Waiotira

Paparoa Ruawai

Dargaville

Maungatapere Kaihu

North Head

Waitara

Awakino Mokau

Inglewood

Urenui

Hawera

a

Hamilton

Raglan

Piopio

Stephens Island

192

Whitianga

Coromandel Peninsula

Mercur y Islands Great Mercury Island

C

Raetihi

Km

5

10

Rotorua

Lake Rotorua

Waiouru

Turangi

Feilding

Marton Halcombe

ke

Taupo

Lake Taupo Waitahanui

Wairakei

i

Taihape Kakatahi Mangaweka

k ai

O

Te Teko

Dannevirke

Takapau

30

50

40

60

70

50

80

Cape Turnagain

Porangahau

Wanstead

Napier

a

Lake Waikaremoana

e

Long Point

Hawke Bay

80

N

6

5

4

3

2

1

1752m

Whangara

Table Cape Mahia Peninsula Portland Island

13

12

11

Tolaga Bay

Gisborne Pover ty Bay Young Nicks Head

Te Karaka

Tokomaru Bay Mawhai Point

Lottin Point Hicks Bay Te Araroa East Raukumara Cape 1413m Tikitiki Ruatoria ia Hikurangi Wa Arowhana 1440m

Frasertown Nuhaka Wairoa

Cape Kidnappers Havelock North

Waipukurau

kit Tu Waipawa

Hastings

au

ng Ra

A

70

Q

GISBORNE

Matawai

Opotiki

60

Cape Runaway

E

Te Kaha

White Island

C

Whakatane

Tutira

iar

Eskdale

Hu Tarawera

r ur oro

Ongaonga

Mangaweka 1733m

40

Bay of Plenty Matata

i Ruatahuna

HAWKE'S Ng BAY a

Woodville tu awa Man Foxton Pahiatua Shannon Pongaroa Ohau Levin Eketahuna Otaki

Palmerston North

20

30

BAY OF PLE NT Y

Kawerau

Lake Rotoiti

20

P

projection: Lambert Conformal Conic

Miles

0

0 5 10

o r t h s l a n d Mount Ruapehu 2797m

Hunterville

Bulls

Turakina

I

N

MANAWATUWANGANUI

National Park

Owhango

Taumarunui

Okahukura Ohura

Wanganui

Tirau

Matamata Te Puke

O

Scale 1:2,750,000

Tokoroa Lake Mount Tarawera Tarawera Kinleith Te Kuiti 1111m Mangakino Whakamaru Murupara

Otorohanga

Putaruru

Te Awamutu

Cambridge

WAIKATO

Benneydale

Waitomo Caves

N E W Z E A L A N D

South Taranaki Bight

Manurewa

N

The Aldermen Papakura Firth of Islands Thames Thames Waitakaruru Whangamata Ngatea Pokeno Mayor Island Kerepehi Te Kauwhata Paeroa Waihi Lake Waikare Matakana Island Huntly Te Aroha Katikati Waitoa Pukemiro Motiti Island Morrinsville Mount Maunganui Ngaruawahia Tauranga

Kakaramea Waverley Patea Waitotara

Manaia

Eltham

TARANAKI Stratford

Mount Taranaki (Mount Egmont) 2518m

Golden Bay Separation Point Cape Stephens

Hauraki

Manukau Harbour Pukekohe Waiuku Tuakau

Kawhia Kawhia Harbour

Whatipu

Auckland

Auckland

North Taranaki Bight Uruti Oakura

Opunake

AUCKLAND

Orewa Gulf Helensville Motutapu Waiheke Island Island Coromandel Takapuna Rangitoto Muriwai Beach Ponui Island Papatoetoe Island

New Plymouth

Cape Egmont

Warkworth

Port Fitzroy

Cape Rodney Leigh C o lv i l l e C h ann e l Kawau Cape Island Colville

Island

M

 Clouds of steam rise from White Island, an active, offshore volcano lying in the Bay of Plenty, off the northern coast of North Island.

Mokohinau Islands

Great Barrier Little Barrier Island

Wellsford

Maungaturoto

Whangarei Bream Portland Head Hen and Bream Chickens Waipu Bay

Hikurangi

NORTHLAND

 The Rotorua and Taupo valleys have some of the largest and most spectacular thermal springs in New Zealand. These occur when superheated groundwater rises to the surface through joints in the rocks.

Farewell Spit

Paihia

L

Whangaruru Kawakawa Harbour Kaikohe Towai Poor Knights Islands

Okaihau

The boundary between the Indo-Australian Plate and the Pacific Plate runs through the centre of North Island, leading to many typical volcanic features. The plateau which rises from the slopes of Lake Taupo contains a string of active volcanoes.

Cape Farewell

The Tasman Glacier, the largest glacier in New Zealand, flows for 18 miles (29 km) down the slopes of New Zealand’s highest mountain, Aoraki (Mount Cook).

Rotorua

North Cape

Parengarenga Harbour

J

Te Kao Great Exhibition Bay Cape Karikari Rangaunu Bay Doubtless Bay Mangonui Cavalli Islands Ahipara Awanui Kaeo ds Kaitaia an Bay Isl Tauroa Point Ahipara of Cape Brett y Kerikeri a B

 The Northland region is characterized by many coastal inlets. These are lined by mangrove swamps, signalling the change to a subtropical climate in the far north of the island.

The coastal Canterbury Plains are the result of glacial outwash. They are the only major flat area in New Zealand.

Northland

The Southern Alps contain more than 360 glaciers, including the Murchison, Mueller and Godley glaciers on the eastern slopes and the Fox and Franz Josef glaciers to the west.

Mount Taranaki, rising 8261 ft (2518 m) is an isolated, dormant volcano.

Lake Taupo is New Zealand’s largest inland lake. It occupies the crater of an extinct volcano.

Probable location of Alpine Fault

m The Southern Alps have been formed by ‘slip’ faulting. The Indo-Australian and Pacific plates run in opposite directions along the Alpine Fault. Although they slide past each other, they are also being thrust over one another, causing the continental crust of the Pacific Plate to be uplifted to form the Alps.

The Southern Alps run for more than 300 miles, (483 km) forming the backbone of South Island. They were uplifted following the collision of the Pacific and Indo-Australian plates.

Indo-Australian Plate

Southern Alps

South Island

Mountain-building in the Southern Alps

New Zealand comprises two large islands and many scattered smaller islands. On South Island the Alpine Fault marks the boundary between the Pacific and Indo-Australian plates. Tectonic activity has strongly influenced the formation of the Southern Alps, snow-capped mountains with several peaks over 9800 ft (3000 m). North Island has a lower and less extensive mountain region, containing forested hills, a central volcanic plateau and downlands.

The landscape

Lying 1500 miles east-southeast of Australia, New Zealand was originally settled by the Maori, a people with Polynesian roots. It was one of the last major landmasses to be visited by Europeans. The islands’ rugged topography means that most settlement has concentrated in coastal areas. People of European origin make up about 70% of the population of 4 million, following immigration from the 1920s onwards. Many recent settlers have come from Asia, including India and China, and a number of the Pacific islands. Although the Maori now make up a minority of less than half a million, their ancient claims to at least half of national territory are gaining increasing legal credence.

New Zealand Cape Reinga Cape Maria van Diemen

Three Kings Islands

Mo kau

F

eh u Wh a ng a

E

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D

Ha uhu nga roa

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184

P

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C I F

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Wai p ao a

AUSTR AL ASIA & OCE ANIA

1692m

Haast aa st Jackson Head on Bay Jacks Cascade Point Haast Pass 563m ge

T

A

S

M

A

o ra ar

Moffat Peak

S

o

Arrowtown

S

u

Por t Pegasus

Mount Allen 750m

x S tra it

Shelter Point

au

M

n

l

a

Muttonbird Islands South West Cape

ve

Stewart Island

Fo

un tim ta u ins

Lake Pukaki

Op

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Fairlie

Lake Lake Tekapo Pukaki Geraldine

h

I

s

E

F

As

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Methven

Temuka

Hinds

G

l

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Oxford Rangiora ai m a k ar ir i

Southbridge

Ashburton

S

a Aw

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enin

sul a

C

E

Canterbury Bight

192

I

A

Lake Ellesmere

Little River

Kaikoura Peninsula

1000 miles (1609 km)

2422 miles (3898 km)

0

20

30

40

J

38 people per sq mile (15 people per sq km)

Population density

10

50

70

80

K

103,730 sq miles (268,680 sq km)

Total land area

60

90

100

rural 14%

The urban/rural population divide

M

 Auckland, on North Island, is home to more than a third of New Zealand’s population, and has the largest Polynesian population of any city in Australasia and Oceania. Auckland is also the main port and industrial centre in New Zealand.

S

capital cities major towns international airports major roads major industrial areas

u

L

pasture cropland forest mountain region

capital cities major towns

cattle sheep cereals fishing fruit timber

M

Land use and agricultural distribution

Invercargill

T

A

S

M

u

an

O

Dunedin

th

l Is

Is

l

d

d

Timaru

an

Hastings

Christchurch

P

A

N

WELLINGTON

E

A

Q

Napier

North Island

Hamilton

Auckland

E

N

WELLINGTON Blenheim

Christchurch

Nelson

Napier

North Island

Tauranga

NEW ZEALAND

New Plymouth

Hamilton

Auckland

NEW ZEALAND

Dunedin

th

The climate and topography of North Island are more favourable to agriculture than the harsher terrain of South Island. Sheep and cattle can graze in summer and winter on the rich pastures surrounding both Auckland and Christchurch. A wide range of crops including vegetables, cereals and fruits such as grapes and kiwi fruit, are grown in the northern parts of New Zealand. The rich Pacific fisheries are of increasing economic importance.

Using the land and sea

The rugged terrain of much of New Zealand has led to most road and rail development being limited to the periphery of the islands.

105 miles (169 km)

36,091 miles (58,090 km)

The transport network

urban 86%

Cape Palliser

chemicals electronics engineering fish processing food processing meat processing textiles timber processing

Major industry and infrastructure

Castlepoint

Wool, meat and dairy products contribute to over 30% of New Zealand’s export A revenues. The manufacturing sector is T growing with the emphasis on hi-tech. Steep slopes and fastflowing rivers have enabled the production of an excess of hydro-electric power. The forestry industry increasingly aims at afforestation, with pine Invercargill trees grown for pulp and timber rather than the felling of native species.

m More than 46 million sheep thrive in New Zealand’s mild climate, feeding on the islands’ grassy slopes. Their fine meat and wool provide important export income.

N

Akaroa

Masterton

WELLINGTON

Mitre 1571m

Transport and industry

Seddon Cape Campbell

e ng Ra a ur Tapuaenuku Kekerengu iko 2885m a e d K larenc Clarence an C nl aR ur o ik Ka ard Kaikoura w a e

Pegasus Bay

Kaiapoi

m The Arthur river plummets 1902 ft (580 m) over the Sutherland Falls, in the south of South Island. The falls are the ninth highest in the world. H

WELLINGTON

MARLBOROUGH

Hurunui Cheviot

Scargill ge an iR Waikari ak Waipara Amberley

Plains

Havelock

N SO

Kapiti Island Waikanae Paraparaumu Paekakariki

a

Carterton Greytown Porirua Arapawa Featherston Tawa Upper Hutt Island Lake Wairarapa Lower Hutt Flat Point n Martinborough Cape Wellington h Picton a a Terawhiti uam R Cloudy Turakirae Head Palliser Bay Bay

D’Urville Island

Oaro Hanmer Springs Spy Glass Point u Lake aia Waiau W Parnassus Sumner Culverden Rotherham

Canterbury Rakaia

L

NE

Nelson

Tasman Bay

Darfield Christchurch Christchurch Lyttelton Rolleston ai a Lincoln Banks P

Sheffield

Mount Una 2301m

Mount Travers 2338m

Lake Rotoroa

Springs Junction

a

Porters Pass 945m W

Lake Coleridge

CANTERBURY

e

R an g it a ta Mount Musgrave 2246m Mayfield

Lake Tekapo

n

A

l

TASMAN

Owen River

Lewis Pass 865m

Mount Ajax Lake 1834m Brunner

Lake Kaniere Otira Arthur’s Pass Kowhitirangi 920m Arthur’s Pass

Kumara

G

Ikamatua Ah a ura Gr Ngahere

Cronadun Reefton

Mount Faraday 1485m

Motueka ka ue

French Pass

Tapawera Richmond Tuamarina Wakefield ange Mount Owen nd R 1875m hmo Wairau c Blenheim i R

amea ar The Twins 1826m

Karamea Bight Seddonville

Karamea

Westport Bu l l e r Murchison Inangahua

Timaru Lake Benmore Pareora ri Omarama Lindis Pass Makikihi Otematata 971m Lake Aviemore Studholme Waimate Kurow Wa itak n Morve i s Tarra Glenavy Duntroon o Pukeuri nM Junction ta Naseby ns Oamaru ri e Du h Ranfurly Cape Wanbrow Maheno nu

t

e

Tasman Glacier

r

Mount Cook

Mount Ward 2644m

Lake Ohau Twizel

Mount St. Mary 2332m

Whataroa

COAST

Ross

Hokitika Kaniere

Franz Josef Glacier

t h

Aoraki (Mount Cook) 3744m Mount Sefton 3157m

Fox Glacier

Mount Huxley 2499m

E

Punakaiki

Charleston

Cape Foulwind

Runanga Greymouth Paroa

WEST Abut Head Harihari

u o S

N

m The snow-capped peak of Aoraki (Mount Cook), on the west coast of South Island, overlooks a heath strewn with foxgloves. Though still the highest peak in New Zealand, at 12,349 ft (3744 m), a massive rock fall in 1991 reduced the height of the mountain by 66 ft (20 m).

Awarua Point Lake Big Bay Wanaka Lake McKerrow Mount Aspiring Lake 3027m Hawea Yates Point Mount Earnslaw 2819m Milford Sound Wanaka Milford Sound Mitre Peak

sea level

100m / 328ft

250m / 820ft

500m / 1640ft

1000m / 3281ft

2000m / 6562ft

3000m / 9843ft

th Bligh Sound Ar herland George Sound Sut Falls

192

o

i

F

Ca me ron

ro

a

Livingstone Mountains

Ey

ma

d

r

Mou ntai ns

rv

Ga

r e M ou nta i

Apar i

nt a in s

ie Wa Mo ik a u ia

Mataura

i

Taie r

Tasman Mountains

Waimangaroa Granity

2085m Queenstown lin Cromwell C Caswell Sound a in s nt O Charles Sound e Herbert Lak nd a Clyde OTAG Sou Nancy in Mount Irene M ipu kat Wa Hyde urch s Hampden a 9m a nd andr 187 Sou Alex son M mp i Tho ns oun iso ns tai Moeraki Point Dunback Secretary Island Kingston ns Lake nt Lyall Mou nd Sou Doubtful Te Anau Palmerston Ke1858m Point Shag pler u rch Ana Te Middlema Mou ntain Athol Roxburgh Dag g Sound s a r T a a ie r M Waikouaiti m Manapouri D Ra me Lake SOUTHLOAN Breaksea ng rlaw reti i our nap Ma e nd Port Chalmers Sou Lake Millers Flat Otago Peninsula Mossburn Mahinerangi Resolution Lumsden ki a Cape Saunders t Beaumon T o Island Lawrence Mosgiel a M le edin e rsda Dun Rive Dusky re Dipton nt k o au Tapanui Sound Waikaka ain Ohai s Nightcaps West e Lak Gore Cape lut Hauroko Milton Orawia ha Winton Chalky Tuatapere Inlet Mataura Lake Balclutha Poteriter i Preser vationt Otautau Inle Te Waewae Orepuki Kaitangata Edendale Makarewa Puysegur Bay Mo kore t a Nugget Point Point Riverton lin Pahia Point s Owaka Invercargill Otatara Papatowai Tokanui Toetoes Chaslands Mistake Bluff Bay Waipapa Point Solander Island Mount Anglem Ruapuke Island 980m Codfish Island Bay on Halfmo Mason Bay son Inlet Pater

21

20

19

18

17

16

Elevation

below 10,000

10,000 to 50,000

50,000 to 100,000

ur

Ar aw

Rich ardson Mountains

ng

15

Oliv ine Ra n

at a

100,000 to 500,000

R

500,000 to 1 million

to v e r

Sh o

Ben Ohau Range

1 million to 5 million

C

Aor

r

Bulle

Population

Kirk liston

Ma k

A po

Tek a

re y

s

p

F

I

Mot

St. A Ranrng aud e

Strai t

Cook

Map key

an ge

Hu nte r

un ta in s

a

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Yo u

e

R ang

Ran ge Pap aro a

C

I

I

Ta

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A Mo orang unt i ain s

14

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K

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Pu ke ter

N A

o

S

A

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Takaka

N

d

H Mouunter nta ins

h K a Mo u

P

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C

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Ra

S

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C

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O

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C

tor Vic Clarenc

O

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25

24

23

22

21

20

19

18

17

16

14

AUSTR AL ASIA & OCE ANIA: N EW ZE AL AN D

i

a

C

t Ca

ah ak a Pom

185

AUSTR AL ASIA & OCE ANIA A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

Melanesia

1

Map key Population 100,000 to 500,000

F I J I , N e w C a l e d o n i a (t o F r a n c e) , PA P UA N E W G U I N E A , S O L O M O N I S L A N D S ,VA N UAT U 2

M

50,000 to 100,000 10,000 to 50,000 below 10,000

Lying in the southwest Pacific Ocean, northeast of Australia and south of the Equator, the islands of Melanesia form one of the three geographic divisions (along with Polynesia and Micronesia) of Oceania. Melanesia’s name derives from the Greek melas, ‘black’, and nesoi, ‘islands’. Most of the larger islands are volcanic in origin. The smaller islands tend to be coral atolls and are mainly uninhabited. Rugged mountains, covered by dense rainforest, take up most of the land area. Melanesian’s cultivate yams, taro, and sweet potatoes for local consumption and live in small, usually dispersed, homesteads.

m Huli tribesmen from Southern Highlands Province in Papua New Guinea parade in ceremonial dress, their powdered wigs decorated with exotic plumage and their faces and bodies painted with coloured pigments.

Elevation 4000m / 13,124ft 3000m / 9843ft 2000m / 6562ft 1000m / 3281ft 500m / 1640ft

Aua Island Wuvulu Island

WEST SEPIK Sissano Aitape

Ad m i r a l t y Is l a n d s Lorengau

Rambutyo B i M A N U S M'bunai Island s m a Lou Island r c k A r c h i p Scho

uten ice Isla l li M nd o u nt a i n s s Imonda Dreikikir Wewak Amanab Nuku Kaup Broken w Maprik Green River Water Bay Angoram Manam Island ik May River Sepik Ambunti Sep Bogia May EAST SEPIK Yaminbot Ad Karkar Island e Josephstaal lber Tor r

Mussau Tabalo Island St.Matthias Group Emirau Island

sea level

Y s ab el Chann el New Hanover Taskul North Cape Kavieng Meteran Dyaul Island

e l a g o

New Ireland

P A C I F I C 192

Tabar Islands Konos

Lihir Group

O C E A N

Tanga Nuguria Islands Konogogo Islands Namatanai NEW IRELAND Mount Feni Konogaiang Cape Islands 1860m Lambert Rabaul Nukumanu Islands Kokopo Green Islands Taron Witu Toriu Mount Lolobau Open Tulun Islands Takuu Islands Islands Sinewit Willaumez Ce Mount Aiyang Capella 1360m Cape St.George Buka Island WEST NEW Peninsula Island Bay ntr MADANG 3325m Om 3932m Telefomin a g a i pa l R a n Long Island Lemankoa BRITAIN g e Simbai BisAiome Kimbe Bay Umboi Ok Tedi Sampun Ontong Madang Hutjena Star M Porgera Wabag WESTERN ma Hoskins Island o ount V Gloucester Talasea Java Atoll i r Usino t c Buka M i HELA ains Ubai i k az S HIGHLANDS Kimbe EAST E N G A F Saidor i n a Pomio i Mount Talawe Ningerum Koroba t r Siassi 1824m n Wilhelm ster Mount Balbi Kandep Mount JIWAKA Mount Whiteman ka Wakunai 4509m Ra Rangere Malalamai a i t a Tari u NEW BRITAIN t 2685m Lau N e Range Hagen Minj Kundiawa nge Margarima Anepmete Mount Kiunga K Sialum Kandrian Roncador Reef Goroka Bangeta Torokina Komo Nipa Kabwum Mendi n CHIMBU Arawe i Poroma Kaiapit 4121m Gasmata Panguna Huon Nomad Tua Bougainville ita Islands EASTERN CHOISEUL SOUTHERN Karimui r Nadzab Peninsula B w Mount Bosavi Lake e N HIGH LANDS Markham Lae Island Finschhafen Taro 2397m HIGHLANDS Murray Pu Wonenara Mount Tabletop M O RO B E Buin Ki ra Nukiki Choiseul ko ri Lake Marawaka 3686m Mumeng Tur ri Panggoe a Shortland Murray ma Wau Island Luti g Treasury o u Kia I S A B E L Kaintiba Ne Kikori wu Islands B W E S T E R N Emeti w Baimuru tu Morobe Vella Lavella m Kolombangara G e o Baolo Santa Isabel Dai Fly GULF M Hercules Bay Aramia B o Island Mongga am Ringgi New r g i Mount Sasari Buala Mount unta Manau Kerema Balimo Ranongga a u Lusancay Islands ins St.Mary Gizo Georgia S o u 1219m Kukipi Tapini 3654m and Reefs Maluu e w Rendova NORTHERN n Kaolo Losuia Kiriwina Island Purutu Island Vangunu CENTRAL Weam Kwailibesi Ge Ki Kiwai Island r Popondetta Bereina Mount Victoria Madau or g W E S T E R N D’Ent rec iwina I Morehead Island CENTRAL i Auki Tetepare s a 4072m a l Kokoda ste ands Woodlark Island Tufi Goodenough Is l a Yandina Sibidiri Daru Oriomo au Tulaghi Hisiu nds Afore Island x Tambea Mari Cape Esperance M NATIONAL CAPITAL n Guasopa Fergusson Bolubolu oni Yanaba DISTRICT Aola S HONIARA Island Jackson t a Mount Suckling Island nle Field 3676m Guadalcanal Henderson Esa'ala y Field S s e t R r r r a ange it Kwikila Nduindui To Sehulea Normanby Avuavu Rabaraba Island Kupiano Alotau Ahioma GUADALCANAL Abau Magarida M I L N E BAY Louisiade Eagle Arc Point hip Pocklington Reef Samarai Bwagaoia RENNELL AND Suau

h ’s C rge

Ramu

eo

BOUGAINVILLE

l

un

ta

in s

ann e

ge an tR

L

S o l o m o n it

Str ickland

eS t ra

I s l a n d

ill

G U I N E A

nv

N E W

Sea

Lak eka

u

i av Gu

Wawo i

P A P U A

Solomon

ai

Kaim

Sea

.G

New Guinea

Fl y

St

Scre

Bismarck

Bo

I N D O N E S I A

100m / 328ft

Hermit Islands

Manus Island Tulu

Vanimo

168

Nin igo

250m / 820ft

p ou Gr Tulaghi

s

N

d

Is l

e

M u sa

Ow

G u l f o f Pa p u a

an

ds

PORT MORESBY

Coral

el a

The Ca Tagula lvad os C ha in Tagula Island

S ea

go

BELLONA

Bellona Tigoa Rennell Lavanggu

Rossel Island

Indispensable Reefs

AUSTRALIA 180 12

 Lying close to the banks of the Sepik river in northern Papua New Guinea, this building is known as the Spirit House. It is constructed from leaves and twigs, ornately woven and trimmed into geometric patterns. The house is decorated with a mask and topped by a carved statue.

Transport and Industry

13

The processing of natural resources generates significant export revenue for the countries of Melanesia. The region relies mainly on copra, tuna and timber exports, with some production of cocoa and palm oil. The islands have substantial mineral resources including the world’s largest copper reserves on Bougainville Island; gold, and potential oil and natural gas. Tourism has become the fastest growing sector in most of the countries’ economies.

15

17

A

186

B

C

Wewak

Bi s m a rc k Sea

Madang Mount Hagen

New Britain

Lae

Ne w Guinea

ag

o

m On one of Vanuatu’s many islands, beach houses stand at the water’s edge, surrounded by coconut palms and other tropical vegetation. The unspoilt beaches and tranquillity of its islands are drawing ever-larger numbers of tourists to Vanuatu.

Rabaul

PA P U A N E W G U I N E A Ok Tedi

Bougainville Island Panguna Arawa

Solomon Sea

Auki

L Arc ho u i s i a ipe de l ag o

PORT MORESBY

SOLOMON ISLANDS

HONIARA

Major industry and infrastructure

Coral Sea

 On New Caledonia’s main island, relatively high interior plateaux descend to coastal plains. Nickel is the most important mineral resource, but the hills also harbour metallic deposits including chrome, cobalt, iron, gold, silver and copper.

16

O C E A N

Bi sm arck Ar ch Manus Island Kavieng i p e l

INDONESIA

14

I F I C PA C

D

PA

The transport network 1236 miles (1990 km)

Coral Sea

370 miles (595 km)

F

PORT-VILA

NEW CALEDONIA

6924 miles (11,143 km)

SUVA

(to France)

As most of the islands of Melanesia lie off the major sea and air routes, services to and from the rest of the world are infrequent. Transport by road on rugged terrain is difficult and expensive.

E

FIJI

VA N UAT U

None

beverages coffee processing copra processing food processing mining textiles timber processing tourism capital cities major towns international airports major roads

CIFI C O CEAN

G

NOUMÉA

H

I

J

K

L

M

AUSTR AL ASIA & OCE ANIA: M EL AN E SIA P

Q

R

S

V

X

Y

 The slopes of this extinct volcano near Talasea on the island of New Britain have been almost entirely colonized by rainforest vegetation.

The Landscape Melanesia comprises high, volcanic islands, low coral islands and continental islands. New Guinea is part of the Australian continental platform, and is separated from it only by the shallow flooding of the Torres Strait. The plate margin of the Pacific and Indo-Australian plates cuts through mainland Papua New Guinea. Volcanic activity, resulting from the collision of these plates, has sculpted much of Melanesia’s landscape.

W

The Sepik river drains the lowlands north of the Central Range, flowing eastward into the Bismarck Sea.

1

2

Most of Papua New Guinea’s outlying islands, including New Britain, Bougainville Island and New Ireland, are precipitous and of volcanic origin.

The Bismarck Range is precipitous, rugged and covered in dense vegetation, rising to 14,793 ft (4509-m) at Mount Wilhelm in central Papua New Guinea.

The Star Mountains include some of the most remote terrain on Earth. The area is rich in gold and copper.

 A series of coral reefs can be seen in the clear waters off Cape Esperance on the island of Guadalcanal in the Solomons.

Kavachi is an active submarine volcano near New Georgia, which erupts every few years.

3

The physical landscapes of the islands of Vanuatu range from rugged mountains and high plateaux, to rolling hills and low plateaux and offshore coral reefs.

The lowland plains in the south and north of Papua New Guinea’s main island are swampy, and contain some fertile alluvial soils. This contrasts with the mountainous islands in the rest of the country where soils are generally thin and nutrients are retained in the existing vegetation. Huon Peninsula

Southern Papua New Guinea is part of the Indo-Australian Plate. New Guinea only became separated physically from Australia about 8000-years ago following the flooding of the Torres Strait.

Kikori river

5

The Owen Stanley Range contains several of Papua New Guinea’s highest peaks, the greatest of which is Mount Victoria at 13,200 ft (4035 m).

 Papua New Guinea’s rivers, though fairly short, carry extremely high sediment loads, largely due to soil erosion. This is caused by a combination of very steep slopes and heavy rainfall, and is made worse by forest clearance, particularly ‘slash and burn’ techniques and road or mine operations.

The Solomon Islands are mountainous continentaltype islands with largely andesitic volcanoes.

7

Stream cuts down through recently exposed land

SOLOMON ISLANDS Maramasike

Malaita

Madang

New Guinea

New Britain

Lae

Solomon Sea L Arc ho u i s i a ipe de l ag o

Coral Sea

ds lan

Nendö Noka Lata

Star Harbour

urban 32%

Anuta

Vanikolo

Fatutaka

Tikopia

10

20

30

40

50

60

es To r rn d s Is l a

Vanua Lava

Total land area

32 people per sq mile (12 people per sq km)

205,354 sq miles (332,008 sq km)

Banks Sola Islands

VANUATU

Port-Olry

Espiritu Santo

Navonda Ambae Mount Tabwemasana 1879m Luganville Malo ainv ille Strait Boug Norsup

Coral

Unmet

Bwatnapne Pentecost

NOUMÉA Grand Récif Sud

192

Futuna

Moala

Totoya Matuku

Oneata Moce Namuka-i-lau Kabara Fulaga

Vatoa

Aneityum

16

Ono-i-lau

Scale 1:8,900,000 Km 0

0

25

50 25

100 50

Miles

Yaté Mont-Dore Vao

FIJI

SUVA

Beqa ge ss a u Pa dav Ono a K Vunisea Kadavu

Vatulele

SUD

Dumbéa

12

o u p G r

is ça

Ouvéa Lifou Hienghène Fayaoué PROVINCE DES PROVINCE Wé ÎLES LOYAUTÉ Île Voh NORD s Lo Ponérihouen Koné ya Houaïlou ut Poya é Canala Maré New Bourail Tadine Thio Caledonia La Foa PROVINCE Mont Panié 1628m

La Tontouta

N

Tanna

Île Balabio Ouégoa

Koumac Kaala-Gomen

192

192

Ipota

Isangel

cropland forest wetland

N A O C E

Aniwa

Récifs de l'Astrolabe

capital cities major towns

bananas cocoa coconuts fishing oil palms rubber timber

u

ran sF

Poum

Unpongkor

(to France)

Île Art Waala

A C I F I C

11

Cikobia Vanua Qelelevu ef Lagoon e R Levu S e aNavoalevu Nabuna at e Naduri Gr Rabi Labasa Nabavatu Buca Somosomo Bua Bouma Savusavu Yasawa Bligh Naitaba Kanacea Taveuni Group No Water Nabouwalu r th Rakiraki Koro Nasau e r n Vanua Balavu Tavua Mago L au Gr Ovalau Lautoka oup Koro Ba Mamanuca Group Nadi Cicia Levuka ge Mount Victoria ss a Nadi Korovou Lamiti Sea 1323m Pa Nayau a Suva Viti Levu Nausori eb Navua Lak Lakeba Gau Korolevu

Erromango

NEW CALEDONIA

ok Co de

f de R éc i

cif Ré

Île Surprise nd Gra

n

Nguna Paonangisu Efate Bauer Field PORT-VILA Forari

Récifs d'Entrecasteaux Récif Petrie e sag Pa s

Land use and agricultural distribution

NOUMÉA

a

Shepherd Isla

Huon

P

Ambrym Toak Lamap Lamen Bay Epi Tongoa Emae ds

Malekula

(to France)

100

L

S ea

Naone Maéwo

Mount Marum 1270m

90

10 SUVA

 Abaca Eco-tourist Park near Lautoka on the island of Viti Levu in western Fiji is one of a number of projects aimed at combining tourism with awareness about the environment. The government and people of Fiji are keen to protect the unique ecology of the islands and prevent further damage to the coral reefs. Until the recent ending of nuclear testing in the Pacific by Western nations, Fiji lay downwind of some of the main testing sites.

Gaua

Cape Cumberland Nokuku

80

Population density

Ureparapara

Toga

70

FIJI

PORT-VILA

NEW CALEDONIA 0

CIFI C O CEAN

VA N UAT U

rural 68%

Hiu

192

Coral Sea

The urban/rural population divide

Santa Cruz Islands

Utupua

MAKIRA U L AWA

9

PA

TEMOTU

San Cristobal

8

SOLOMON ISLANDS

HONIARA

s nd

Kirakira Hauraha

Du ff I s

Ree f Is la

Almost 60% of the population of Melanesia is engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry at a subsistence level. Coconuts and cocoa are grown for export revenue. Over 80% of the land area is Bougainville Island cloaked by tropical forest and woodlands, which have Arawa proved to be a rich timber source. In coastal areas, fishing, mainly for tuna, is a staple industry.

go

Rabaul

PORT MORESBY

Tarapaina

Tinakula

la

PA P U A N E W G U I N E A

Olomburi

Ulawa Island

pe

So

Sikaiana

Bi sm arck Ar chi

Bi s m a rc k Sea

Wewak

Using the land and sea

O C E A N

Gro u p

Manus Island

INDONESIA

Current beach

I F I C PA C

L au

Uplift of the land in tectonically active regions can lead to former coastlines being lifted beyond the reach of the sea. New cliffs and caves are formed at a lower level, and rivers cut down through the lower land to reach sea level once more.

Former level of beach

Heuru Three Sisters Islands

6

Huon Peninsula

M A L A I TA

Apio

Viti Levu, the largest of Fiji’s islands, contains the country’s highest mountain, Mount Victoria at 4339 ft (1323 m).

New Caledonia’s main island is surrounded by coral reef that extends from the Huon island group in the north, to Île des Pins in the south.

The Louisiade Archipelago contains 10 volcanic islands and numerous coral islets. Tagula Island is the largest of the islands, containing the archipelago’s highest peak at 2645 ft (806 m).

Caves and undercut cliffs mark former shoreline

192

4

er n

O

ut h

N

150 100

200

250 150

300 200

250

300

17

projection: Mercator

Île des Pins

Île Walpole T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

187

AUSTR AL ASIA & OCE ANIA D

E

F

G

H

Micronesia

1

K

A US Commonwealth territory, the Northern Marianas comprise the whole of the Mariana archipelago except for Guam. The islands retain their close links with the United States and continue to receive US aid. Tourism, though bringing in much-needed revenue, has speeded the decline of the traditional subsistence economy. Most of the population lives on Saipan.

The Micronesian islands lie in the western reaches of the Pacific Ocean and are all part of the same volcanic zone. The Federated States of Micronesia is the largest group, with more than 600 atolls and forested volcanic islands in an area of more than 1120 sq miles (2900 sq km). Micronesia is a mixture of former colonies, overseas territories and dependencies. Most of the region still relies on aid and subsidies to sustain economies limited by resources, isolation, and an emigrating population, drawn to New Zealand and Australia by the attractions of a western lifestyle.

L

Supply Reef

0

2

NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS Agrihan

Puntan Sabaneta

8 Miles

4

Punta Lagua Lichan San Roque Bird Island Managaha on Tanapag Kalabera Puettpag Tana CAPITOL HILL Garapan

a

0

OCEAN

Asuncion Island

(to US)

8 Km

4

2

PAC I F I C

Maug Islands

SCALE 1:500,000

O C E A N

Saipan

Oleai

San Vicente

SUSUPE

Magicienne Kagman Point Bay

an

n

Puntan I e l Naftan

Zealandia Bank

P

C

A

e

a S

a

P h i l i p p

e n

i

p i l i p

Kgkeklau

Babeldaob

Ibobang

O

P

Rota

C

I F

(to US)

m The Palau Islands have numerous hidden lakes and lagoons. These sustain their own ecosystems which have developed in isolation. This has produced adaptations in the animals and plants which are often unique to each lake.

I C

I

I

F

A

0

20

0

40

20

P A

80 Km

60

40

60

80 Miles

Guam (to US)

C

P

h

S e a p i n e i p l Ulithi Atoll i Yap

Fais

Mount Santa Rosa

e S

252m Tumon Bay Dededo Agan Tamuning Asan a Bay Mongmong Cabras Island Point Asan Aganafield Piti HAGÅTÑA (AGANA) Apra Ha rbor Sinajana Barrigada Ordot Chalan Pago Orote Peninsula Mount Tenjo Yona Pag o Bay 313m Agat Apra Heights Bay Santa Rita Agat Mount Lamlam Talofofo 406m Facpi Point Talofofo Bay Mount Bolanos Cetti Bay 379m Umatac Bay Mount Sasalaguan Umatac 337m SCALE 1:840,000 Merizo Inarajan 0 2.5 5 10 Km Aga Point Cocos 2.5 5 0 10 Miles Island

a e

Philip pin e

S

AN

CE

O

IC

I

D

Rumung

am il H arbo r Kanifaay

Colonia

0

F

2.5

G

Satawal

Eauripik Atoll

 Ulithi Atoll, lying in the state of Yap, the most westerly part of Micronesia, is a typical coral island, with a series of reefs enclosing a large lagoon.

10 Miles

5

Elato Atoll Ifalik Atoll

10 Km

5

2.5

i

Lamotrek Atoll

Woleai Atoll

SCALE 1:840,000 0

E

Maap Munguuy Bay Wanyaan Gagil Tamil

Yap

l

Olimarao Atoll

P

F

C

o

P

N

188

B

Gaferut

OCEA

A

r

West Fayu Atoll

IC

17

C

A

IF

PA

O C E A N

a

AC

16

80 Miles

40

Sorol

T

P h i l i p p i n e

(to US)

80 Km

40

20

Faraulep Atoll

Andersen Air Force Base

Yigo

20

0

Ngulu Atoll

Pati Point

GUAM

0

P A C I F I C

Y

Uruno Point

OCEAN SCALE 1:5,000,000

C

Ritidian Point

a

Dededo

A mixture of high volcanic islands and low-lying coral atolls, the Federated States of Micronesia include all the Caroline Islands except Palau. Pohnpei, Kosrae, Chuuk and Yap are the four main island cluster states, each of which has its own language, with English remaining the official language. Nearly half the population is concentrated on Pohnpei, the largest island. Independent since 1986, the islands continue to receive considerable aid from the USA which supplements an economy based primarily on fishing and copra processing.

Colonia 14

HAGÅTÑA

Micronesia

 The tranquillity of these coastal lagoons, at Inarajan in southern Guam, belies the fact that the island lies in a region where typhoons are common.

Lying at the southern end of the Mariana Islands, Guam is an important US military base and tourist destination. Social and political life is dominated by the indigenous Chamorro, who make up just under half the population, although the increasing prevalence of western culture threatens Guam’s traditional social stability.

PAC I F I C

GUAM

11

15

Saipan

Susupe

MELEKEOK

Ngchemiangel

SCALE 1:6,125,000

Merir

13

Farallon de Medinilla

Aguijan

Namai Bay

Na Ngerkeai me ka Komebail kl Pa Lagoon ss a ge Ngetkip Airai Arakabesan Oikuul Airai Koror (Oreor) Oreor

C

P

Imeong ge a ssa st P

O C E A N

N A E

We

C

h

PA L A U

Sonsorol Islands

12

Anatahan

Ngermechau

10 Pulo Anna

Sarigan

San Jose Tinian

e

9

Chol Ngardmau Bay Ulimang Chelab Ngetbong

o

s ag

8

Aiwokak

s Pa

Oreor Ulong Ngeruktabel Palau Mecherchar Beliliou Islands Ngeaur

CAPITOL HILL – executive & legislative capital SUSUPE – judicial capital

Ollei

i n

e S MELEKEOK Babeldaob

Northern Mariana Islands: capital cities

Ngaregur

e

Ngcheangel

P

7

Guguan

F

Saipan International

I

Chalan Kanoa San Antonio Saip an Ch

Alamagan

S e a

Mount Tapochau 465m

h i l i p p i n e

10 Miles

5

Phi

2.5

Pagan

I C

10 Km

5

2.5

0

lip

0

pi

SCALE 1:750,000

Palau is an archipelago of over 200 islands, only eight of which are inhabited. It was the last remaining UN trust territory in the Pacific, controlled by the USA until 1994, when it became independent. The economy operates on a subsistence level, with coconuts and cassava the principal crops. Fishing licences and tourism provide foreign currency.

6

ne

Palau 5

M

Farallon de Pajaros

Se

4

J

Northern Mariana Islands (to US)

M A R S H A L L I S L A N D S , M I C R O N E S I A , N A U R U , PA L A U , G u a m , N o r th e r n M a ria na I sla n d s , Wa ke I sla n d

2

I

I s l a n d s

C

i a n a

B

M a r

A

H

I

J

K

L

M

AUSTR AL ASIA & OCE ANIA: MICRON E SIA N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

X Sibylla Island

Marshall Islands

Bokaak Atoll

F

I

C

A

P

I

0

Rongrong

PA Bikar Atoll

O

C

E

4

Ailuk Atoll Mejit Island Jemo Island

Ujae Atoll

Likiep Atoll

a

t

a

Kwajalein Atoll

R

Nauru

Erikub Atoll

k

Maloelap Atoll

h

i

Ijuw

a

Nibok

SCALE 1:6,590,000 0

Majuro Atoll

n

Knox Atoll

E

Kili Island

Namorik Atoll

Wake Island (to US)

2 Km

1 1

2 Miles

Pulap Atoll

Pulusuk

M

I

C

A

Chuuk Islands

R

N

25 50

0

25

100

150

50

100

l

O

N

200 Km

E

Pas s

4 Miles

2

IC OCEAN

South

20 Km

10

5 5

13

P

Ipis

C OCE A IFI C N A Tafunsak Gabert

O k at

20 Miles

10

S

Oroluk Atoll

Mount Mutunte 593m

Harbor

Q

Lelu Island Lelu

Kosrae

14

Mount Finkol 629m

Malem

n

I

d

A

0

Pakin Atoll Kolonia Pohnpei PALIKIR Ant Atoll

O

0

H

N

P

E

I

2

8 Miles

4

Pingelap Atoll

16

E A N O C

C F I I C P A

8 Km

4

2

Mwokil Atoll

s

Ngetik Atoll

Nukuoro Atoll

15

SCALE 1:500,000

P

Mortlock Islands

200 Miles

P

1

CIF

Utwe

a

Lukunor Atoll Satawan Atoll 150

0

4 Km

2

1

ar Utwe H

Etal Atoll 0

0

Peacock Point

r

s

Namoluk Atoll

SCALE 1:8,200,000

PA

SCALE 1:250,000

Insiaf

Nama Losap Atoll

O

12

Wake Island

Minto Reef

I

Neoch

C

Tor aI sla

F

I Weno

Puluwat Atoll Manila Reef

Islands

Nomwin Atoll

C H U U K

Tarang Reef

Ruo

Falos

Tofol

Hall Islands

11

bo

e

Pikelot

WAKE ISLAND

Toki Point (to US) Peale Heel Point Island Kuku Point Flipper Point Wake Settlement L agoon Wake Island Wilkes Island

Murilo Atoll

Namonuito Atoll Fayu

Ulul

Chuuk

ss Pa nd Northeast Island

P

Lohd

0

n

Pass

m Traditionally built canoes are still important in Micronesia, used for transport and for fishing. This large canoe, on Satawal, in the state of Yap, needs nearly 20 people to return it to the boathouse.

0

Magur Islands

Falalu

Fa

Nanuh

Ronkiti

Tora

Quoi Fono lle all Weno Weno ej P Romanum ass Shiki Islands Eot Lem Pata Tol Udot Parem Dublon otol Bay Etten Fanapanges Pass Polle u Pisar n a Totiw Fefan Pia Shichiyo Uman Tsis Islands Salat Sala t Pass Ollan s s Fanan a P Otta Uijec Otta Mesegon Feneppi Neoch Lauvergne Island SCALE 1:1,590,000

Takaieu Island

Temwen Island

rth No

Parem Island

Pohnpei

Rohi

Piis Moen CLamoil

I

IC OCEA N CIF

10

C E A N

O

10 Miles

9

An unincorporated territory of the USA with a tiny population, Wake Island remains strategically important to US forces, and has been used as a base in several conflicts. Formed by the rim of an extinct underwater volcano, it is now used as an emergency airstrip for trans-Pacific flights, and as a stop-over for cargo planes.

Ebon Atoll

10 Km

Kepirohi Falls

8

A

Meneng Point

Nauru International

C PAC IF IC O

SCALE 1:660,000

Nahnalaud Madolenihmw 772m Tomworoahlang Nan Madol

100 Miles

50

Mili Atoll

Jaluit Atoll

N

Anibare Bay

 A series of coral pinnacles stand exposed in the shallow water off the coast of Nauru. Much of the island has an extraordinary ‘lunar’ landscape, created by years of phosphate extraction.

Pohnpe i

7

100 Km

25

mineworks

Buada Lagoon

YAREN

PALIKIR

50

25

0

i

Aiwo

0

Arno Atoll

Phosphate Anibare

NAURU (district)

6

n

Jabwot Ailinglaplap Atoll

h

Anabar

Aur Atoll

a

Namu Atoll

C

Anna Point Baiti

Denig

0

Pwok

m Majuro Atoll is the Marshall Islands’ capital and commercial center. Almost half the population live on the narrow islands, often in overcrowded conditions.

C

k l i

Lib

SCALE 1:230,000

Kolonia

5

Wotje Atoll

a

Lae Atoll

A former British colony, the tiny island of Nauru, with an area of only 8.2 sq miles (21.2 sq km), has been exploited for its substantial phosphate deposits by the UK, Australia and New Zealand. Since independence in 1968, the phosphate industry has made its citizens some of the wealthiest in the world, and scars from the vast mining operation pit the island’s landscape. Phosphate reserves are now virtually exhausted and investment overseas will in future form the bulk of Nauru’s income.

Pehleng

Majuro CI FIC O CE AN

Taka Atoll

R

Sokehs Island

2 Djarrit Dalap

Utrik Atoll

Rongrik Atoll

Ujelang Atoll

PA

Enigu

N

Wotho Atoll

5

10 Miles

3

A

MARSHALL ISLANDS

5

Kallalen

Majuro Lagoon

Ailinginae Atoll

2.5

5

Rongelap Atoll

Enewetak Atoll

2.5

5

Majuro Atoll

Iroj Laura

Bikini Atoll

0

10 Km

0

C

1

SCALE 1:1,000,000

A group of 34 widely-scattered atolls in the central Pacific Ocean, the Marshall Islands include some of the largest atolls in the world, formed from low coral islands with sandy beaches and enclosing vast lagoons. Formerly under US protection as part of the UN Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and including the former US nuclear testing sites of Bikini atoll and Enewetak Atoll, the Marshall Islands became self-governing in 1979. The economy is reliant on US aid and on the rent paid by the USA for its missile base on Kwajalein atoll.

0

Y

Kosrae

Tofol

K O S R A E 17

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

189

AUSTR AL ASIA & OCE ANIA C

D

E

F

G

H

Polynesia

1

PAC I Iku

0

m Funafuti Atoll contains more than 40% of Tuvalu’s people, giving it an extremely high population density.

I C

Vaitupu

T U V A L U

10 Miles

O

C E

A

Funafuti Atoll

N

TOK E L AU

P A

Funafuti

C

Nukulaelae Atoll

(to NZ)

I

F

I

CE

AN

Ato l l

C

Nukunonu Atoll Nukunonu Village

O

O

C

C

I

Teafuafou

10

Telele

PA

F CI

4 Km

2 2

0

SCALE 1:2,000,000

SCALE 1:6,125,000

SCALE 1:500,000 0

0 10 20 4 Miles

0

10

40 20

60

Niulakita

80 Km

40

60

80 Miles

0

5 10

0

5

Fale 20 Miles

Nukuloa Nukutapu Hihifo Vaitupu Baie de Alele l’Ouest Île Luaniva Île Ahoa MATÁ‘UTU Uvea Baie de Nukuhifala Mala‘etoli Matá‘utu Tepa Halalo Pointe Matala‘a Nukuatea Île Faioa Île Fenuafo’ou

N

EA Île Futuna

Toloke

Mont Puke

Leava 524m Mala’e

SCALE 1:1,000,000 0 0

5

N

Koliu Pointe Vele Alofitai

Pointe Matalesina

Mont Kolofau 417m

Île Alofi

10 Km

5

OC

PAC I F IC OC Pointe Pointe EA Fatua Matapu

SCALE 1:1,000,000 0

10 Km

5 5

0

10 Miles

Pointe Sauma Penrhyn

10 Miles

Rakahanga

Niue (to New Zealand)

Pukapuka

Niue, the world’s largest coral island, is self-governing but exists in free association with New Zealand. Tropical fruits are grown for local consumption; tourism and the sale of postage stamps provide foreign currency. The lack of local job prospects has led more than 10,000 Niueans to emigrate to New Zealand, which has now invested heavily in Niue’s economy in the hope of reversing this trend.

14

m Palm trees fringe the white sands of a beach on Aitutaki in the Southern Cook Islands, where tourism is of increasing economic importance.

16

Hanan

Avatele Tepa Point

PAC

Tamakautoga Hakupu Mata Point

P

IFIC OCEAN

SCALE 1:1,000,000 0

17

0

A

190

5

10 Miles

B

C

D

E

Rarotonga

C

0 0.5 1

3

2

0 0.5 1

F

4 Km 2

G

3

Palmerston

Matavera

Te Manga Ngatangiia Te Kou 652m Motutapu 564m Oneroa Muri

I F I C SCALE 1:330,000

m Waves have cut back the original coastline, exposing a sandy beach, near Mutalau in the northeast corner of Niue.

10 Km

5

A

AVARUA

Ikurangi 485m

O C E A N

ook C Aitutaki

n

AVARUA

Koromiri Titikaveka Taakoka

Islands

Manuae Takutea Atiu

Mitiaro Mauke

Rarotonga Mangaia

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Nikao

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Suwarrow

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Hikutavake

Manihiki Nassau

Nor th

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Makefu Tuapa Makapu Point Alofi Bay

Fenua Loa

A mixture of coral atolls and volcanic peaks, the Cook Islands achieved self-government in 1965 but exist in free association with New Zealand. A diverse economy includes pearl and giant clam farming, and an ostrich farm, plus tourism and banking. A 1991 friendship treaty with France provides for French surveillance of territorial waters.

Îles Wallis

PAC I F I C

In contrast to other French overseas territories in the south Pacific, the inhabitants of Wallis and Futuna have shown little desire for greater autonomy. A subsistence economy produces a variety of tropical crops, while foreign currency remittances come from expatriates and from the sale of licences to Japanese and Korean fishing fleets.

13

Fakaofo Atoll

Fenua Fala

Cook Islands (to New Zealand)

(to France)

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E A N

20 Km 10

Wallis & Futuna 11

m Fishermen cast their nets to catch small fish in the shallow waters off Atafu Atoll, the most westerly island in Tokelau.

Atafu Atoll

Atafu Village

Nukufetau Atoll

pe Vaiaku

ea Fuag Fatato Funangongo Ava Te Vasafua Te A va P Fuagea ua P Falefatu ua Tefala Funafara

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5

A low-lying coral atoll, Tokelau is a dependent territory of New Zealand with few natural resources. Although a 1990 cyclone destroyed crops and infrastructure, a tuna cannery and the sale of fishing licences have raised revenue and a catamaran link between the islands has increased their tourism potential. Tokelau’s small size and economic weakness makes independence from New Zealand unlikely.

Nui Atoll

La

Funaf uti

Fuafatu

Tarawa

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Fongafale

Fualopa

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Nanumaga

Amatuku

Tepuka

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Bonriki

Tokelau (to New Zealand)

Fualifeke

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Bikeman Bikenebu Eita Banraeaba

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Nanumea Atoll

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Te Av a

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 With the exception of Banaba all the islands in Kiribati’s three groups are low-lying, coral atolls. This aerial view shows the sparsely vegetated islands, intercut by many small lagoons.

A chain of nine coral atolls, 360 miles (579 km) long with a land area of just over 9 sq miles (23 sq km), Tuvalu is one of the world’s smallest and most isolated states. As the Ellice Islands, Tuvalu was linked to the Gilbert Islands (now part of Kiribati) as a British colony until independence in 1978. Politically and socially conservative, Tuvaluans live by fishing and subsistence farming.

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Nabeina Tabiteuea

Ta r a w a

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L

A former British colony, Kiribati became independent in 1979. Banaba’s phosphate deposits ran out in 1980, following decades of exploitation by the British. Economic development remains slow and most agriculture is at a subsistence level, though coconuts provide export income, and underwater agriculture is being developed.

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Marenanuka

Tuvalu

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Abaokoro

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Buariki

Betio

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Kiribati Taratai

The numerous island groups of Polynesia lie to the east of Australia, scattered over a vast area in the south Pacific. The islands are a mixture of low-lying coral atolls, some of which enclose lagoons, and the tips of great underwater volcanoes. The populations on the islands are small, and most people are of Polynesian origin, as are the Maori of New Zealand. Local economies remain simple, relying mainly on subsistence crops, mineral deposits – many now exhausted – fishing and tourism.

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K I R I B AT I , T U VA L U , C o o k I s l a n d s , E a s t e r I s l a n d , F r e n c h P o l y n e s i a , N i u e , P i t c a i r n I s l a n d s , To k e l a u , W a l l i s & F u t u n a

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Teahupoo

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Pitcairn Group of Islands

Manuae a Maupiha

rc hi pel

Makatea

Tupai Bora-Bora Maupiti Fare Tahaa Huahine Tetiaroa ea Raiat Moorea PAPEETE Tahiti Maiao

l a

T

u Fagatau

Takume

Britain’s most isolated dependency, Pitcairn Island was first populated by mutineers from the HMS Bounty in 1790. Emigration is further depleting the already limited gene pool of the island’s inhabitants, with associated social and health problems. Barter, fishing and subsistence farming form the basis of the economy whilst offshore mineral exploitation may boost the economy in future.

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Îles du Duc de Gloucester

Vanavana

Tematagi

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Rimatara Capricorn Tropic of

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Ducie Island

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Adam’s Rock

St Paul’s Point

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 The Pitcairn Islanders rely on regular airdrops from New Zealand and periodic visits by supply vessels to provide them with basic commodities.

2 Miles

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One of the most easterly islands in Polynesia, Easter Island (Isla de Pascua) – also known as Rapa Nui, is part of Chile. The mainly Polynesian inhabitants support themselves by farming, which is mainly of a subsistence nature, and includes cattle rearing and crops such as sugar cane, bananas, corn, gourds and potatoes. In recent years, tourism has become the most important source of income and the island sustains a small commercial airport. S

12

Îles Ga Magareva m b i e r Temoe Tropic of Ca prico

Raivavae

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Groupe Ac t Tenararo éo n Moruroa Marutea Maria Fagataufa

Pitcairn Island

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Tubuai

PITCAIRN, HENDERSON, DUCIE & OENO ISLANDS

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Pukapuka

LY N E S I A F R E N C H ( t oPF r aOn c e )

(to UK)

Henderson Island

Îles du Désappointe Tepoto Napuka m e n t

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Fakahina Makemo Raroia Faaite Nihiru Tehuata Tahanea Marutea Tauere Tatakoto Haraiki Anaa Hikueru Amanu Reitoru Marokau Hao Ravahere Pukarua Akiaki Negonego Reao Vahitahi Paraoa Manuhagi Vairaatea Pinaki Ahunui Hereheretue

Îles d u Ve n t

d e

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8

u

 The traditional Tahitian welcome for visitors, who are greeted by parties of canoes, has become a major tourist attraction.

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Î l e s du Roi G e or g es Manihi Ahe Takaroa Takapoto Tikei Îles Palliser Aratika Toau Kauehi Raraka Niau Katiu Fakarava

Tikehau Rangiroa

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Mont Tetufera 1799m

Pointe Maraa

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Pointe Nuupere Punaauia Pointe Nuuroa

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ohu p un ’ O e Co ok e d aie d Pointe Aroa i a B

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Rawaki

Manra Orona

Pelican Lagoon South East Point

Starbuck Island

The 130 islands of French Polynesia cover 4 million sq miles (10.5 million sq km). Nearly 75% of the people live on Tahiti. The use of Mururoa as a nuclear testing site by the French military transformed the economy, creating many jobs. The end of testing led to calls from the Polynesian majority for greater autonomy from France, the rebuilding of indigenous trade, and a reduction in tourism to stop the erosion of the islands’ traditional culture.

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Azur Lagoon

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French Polynesia (to France)

Mont Matotea 714m Afareaitu Mont Tohiea Haapiti 1207m

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Nikumaroro

Moorea

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Enderbury Island

McKean Island Birnie Island

Papetoai

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Onotoa Tamana

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Poland Bay of (Christmas Island) Wrecks South Vaskess West Isles Lagoon Joe’s Hill Point Bay Aeon 12m Point

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Kiritimati

Equator

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London Banana Kiritimati Cook Island Saint Manulu Lagoon Paris Stanislas Bay

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Northeast Point

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Maiana Abemama Kuria Aranuka

Banaba

Kiritimati (Christmas Island)

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Tarawa Equator

PAC I F I C

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Butaritari Abaiang

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Easter Island

nakena Punta de A San Juan aya l Punta P Rosalia e La ía d se Cabo Naunau Maunga Terevaka BahPérouO’Higgins 506m

(Isla de Pascua)

15

(to Chile) Cabo Norte

Maunga Pukatikei 370m

Ahu Tepeu

Motu Tautara

Ahu Akivi

Hanga Roa Mataveri

Rano Raraku

Cabo Roggewein Punta Akahanga Cuidado Punta Baja

Maunga Tangaroa 270m Punta

Vaihu

IFIC PACE A N OC

Mataveri Ahu Vinapu

Rano Kau Cabo Sur Orongo

Motu Nui

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m The Naunau, a series of huge stone statues overlook Playa de Anakena, on Easter Island. Carved from a soft volcanic rock, they were erected between 400 and 900 years ago. Y

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Scott Island (to NZ) Iselin Seamount

Savai‘i

B

Pu‘apu‘a Tuasivi Sálelologa Sala‘ilua Satupa‘iteau it Stra Cape Tága ÁPIA a ma Ásuisui i B l aloa Bay o Feleolo Mauga Fito li Fag Palau 1113m Matáútu Ti‘avea Poutasi Lotofagá S afá ta Salani

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á m o a PAGO PAGO Cape Taputapu

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Steps Point

AMERICAN SAMOA (to US)

Cape Matátula ‘Aunu‘u Island

Ofu

Man u‘a Olosega Isla n Luma

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192

Kermadec Islands (to NZ)

A

 Many of the buildings in Samoa reflect the country’s colonial past. Once a colony of New Zealand, Samoa is now an independent state; American Samoa remains an unincorporated territory of the United States. A

Three Kings Rise

Z re c tu Fra an

American Samoa and Samoa are part of the island archipelago of Polynesia. The two most populous islands are Tutuila in American Samoa and ‘Upolu in Samoa. Although the economies of both these states remain predominantly resource-based, both are expanding their light manufacturing sectors, and the US administration is the primary employer in American Samoa. Tuna fishing is particularly important: 25% of all tuna consumed in the USA is processed and canned in Pago Pago.

17

e Ridge

Scott Shoal

American Samoa and Samoa

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plate boundaries major volcanoes

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bi Rob

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T UVA LU

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Northland Plateau dg e Raukumara i s Auckland Plain e North e Chal le nge r Co Island Plateau Valerie H Guyot NEW Wellington Chatham Rise ZEALAND Chatham Islands (to NZ) South man Dunedin B o u n t y T r o u g h Island sin Bounty Islands (to NZ) Antipodes Islands (to NZ) Auckland C a m p b e l l Bollons Islands Plateau Tablemount (to NZ) Campbell Island (to NZ)

Gascoyne Tablemount

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er n rth slands No Cook I Manihiki American Samoa Plateau Hazel Holme Wallis & SAMOA (to US) Futuna Bank Cook Islands Horizon (to France) (to NZ) Zephyr Bank S amo a Reef B a sin F I JI Taveuni TONGA S C o o ut h e r n Viti Levu ok I Niue slan ds (to NZ) en Tr s e rid Ne w He b Horizon Deep S outh Fi j i B a sin Ozbourn

Norfolk Island (to Australia)

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 The Hawaiian volcanoes lie in the centre of a plate, not on a plate margin, and are known as intraplate volcanoes. They are associated with hot spots, whereby a plume of hot molten rock rises to the surface as the plate moves over it.

Mount Erebus

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Lord Howe Island (to Australia) Balls Pyramid

a

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(to France)

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Baker & Howland Islands (to US)

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Kangaroo Island Melbourne h Au Bass Strait Furneaux str Bas ali in Group an Tasmania East Hobart Tasman Plateau Ta sm an Pla teau

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ri

Kingman Reef (to US) Palmyra Atoll (to US)

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Mount Saint Helens

n

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MARSHALL ISLANDS

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A U S T R A L I A

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rol in e Ri dg e C a r o l i n e e

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Johnston Atoll (to US)

Vityaz Seamount

ity ds Port Solomon Sea a So Moresby Santa Cruz z Tr Lo u en Arc ui si a dgeo n t h S o l Papua Islands ch h i p e l a g to o n m o Plateau C n gh Tr e n c h Pandora i o ra l l S e a Pock Trou Bank Gulf of Queensland Carpentaria Nor th Plateau Fiji Coral Sea Basin r r (to Islands Australia) VANUATU ie Îles r R e Chesterfield Îles Loyauté New Caledonia e

ra

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Mount Sinewit

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f

Tropic of Capricorn

Mount Katmai

Mayon Volcano

Challenger Deep 10,920m

Wake Island M i d - P a Hess Tablemount c i (to US) f i c M o u n t a i n s East Ma r

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Mount Pinatubo Pagan

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B anda S ea

Mount Rainier Mount Fuji

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South Makassar Makassar Basin F l o re s S e a J a v aSurabayaBali Flores Sumbawa

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 Mayon Volcano in the Philippines is one of many active volcanoes on the Pacific ‘Ring of Fire’. It is noted for its perfect conical shape; the base of the cone is 80 miles (130 km) in circumference.

Vulkan Klyuchevskaya Sopka

a sin

PALAU

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n

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Islands

S

The active plate margins surrounding the Pacific have created numerous land and island volcanoes along its border. The actual basin of the Pacific is made up of a number of separate tectonic plates which move away from each other, colliding with other plates. When they collide, the oceanic plates, being thinner, are forced beneath the thicker continental plates, forming deep ocean trenches and high ridges. These collision zones are known as subduction zones and are characterized by intense seismic and volcanic activity.

THAILAND

C e nt

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Anadyr Gulf of RU S SI A N Norton Sound Anadyr Saint Lawrence The Pacific is the world’s largest and deepest ocean. It is F E D E R AT I O N Island Magadan nearly twice the area of the Atlantic and contains almost A a Bering le tk Bristol ut three times as much water. The ocean is dotted ha ia S e a Bay c Sea of e r s Ri d n B a Unimak Island with islands and surrounded by some of the B ow s in s Okhotsk Petropavlovskd Attu Island lan Kamchatskiy ur Aleutian Is world’s most populous states; over half the n Am Sakhalin tia s h Aleu world’s population lives on its shores. The Pacific nd nc e a n l Tr asi I s a is bordered by active plate margins known as the ‘Ring of Fire’, il B Kur r i l tk a Ku ch causing earthquakes and tsunamis, and creating volcanic Vladivostok Hokkaidó am o u g h Harris Seamount -K Tr ic Japan l ou Sea of i f k islands and subterranean mountain chains. The largest r o i u g o h K NORTH c Chin Japan Basin KOREA Dalian Pa underwater mountains break the surface as island Wônsan (East Sea) r t e e o h Ri v SOUTH Yamat in es arcs. The fisheries of the Pacific are some of the i s a e l ow ns R S e KOREA Ridg Yel Qingdao w as H o Tókyó w Busan o l l h B Lian yungang Ye most productive in the world and provide a vital iy t Mokpo Ósaka Nagoya JAPAN k s Kammu Shikoku or t Shanghai resource for many of the Pacific islands. Since Seamount a Kyúshú N h t ze g S n Midway the Second World War there has been a shift Ya nts Islands u Ha o m Kure Atoll (to US) C H I N A wa Sea yu J r Makarov Seamount k e e t i in trading patterns, with a considerable k i‘i g u to u a a d Fuzhou y Lisianski r i an Salmon Bank pm St Jilong R ( uky D a i t ó R a Island Laysan ( t o M Ry Daitó-jima US growth in trade between the United States H a w Tropic of Cancer Island Hong ) a i ‘ O k i -D Guangzhou Kong i a Necker TAIWAN Marcus Island n Ridg aitó and the countries of the Pacific Rim. VIETNAM Gaoxiong Island e R i (to Japan) Hai Phong d g P h i l i p p i n e S e a e LAOS Gulf of Hainan Dao

Tutuila

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W O R L D O C E A N S : PA C I F I C O C E A N O

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The Landscape

R C A NA DA T

Seattle Colu

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M ado C o l or

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Long Beach n l IsElsa d s e n ca n a rp Ch me nt Guadalupe C ed (to Mexico)

S o u t h w e s t

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Islas Juan Fernández (to Chile) Valparaiso Isla Alejandro Isla Se Selkirk Róbinson l ki Crusoe C hi Talcahuano le on e re Z u t R c a Fra is Moch e e n o eZ ctur Fra afo Gu

sea level

below 10,000

200m / 656ft

Elevation

1000m / 3281ft 8

2000m / 6562ft

1000m / 3281ft

3000m / 9843ft

500m / 1640ft

4000m / 13,124ft

250m / 820ft

5000m / 16,400ft

100m / 328ft

6000m / 19,686ft

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Niuatoputapu

12 Tafahi

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A Maniloa Niu ‘Aunofa Atata

 The islands of Tonga fall into two belts; those in the east are low, coral islands, while those in the west are high and volcanic. Four of the islands still contain active volcanoes. The mountainous, western islands are covered with verdant tropical vegetation.

Onevai Motu Nuku Tapu Fukave P i h a Pa s s a g e Eua Iki NUKU‘ALOFA Kolonga Mui Houma Pea Fanga U ta Hopohoponga Mu‘a Vaina

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Tongatapu Group

NUKU‘ALOFA Tongatapu

Tongatapu

‘Eua

16

TONGA 17

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15

Ha‘atua

40 Km

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Tonumea

Taleki Vavu’u Taleki Tonga Otu Tolu Group

Nomuka Group

Houma

‘Eua Ohonua

N

Vava‘u Group 14

Tongatapu

Tongatapu

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‘Uta Vava‘u Neiafu

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Poloa

Fonualei Toku

Ha‘ano Kao Tofua Pangai Foa Ha‘apai Kotu Uiha Lifuka Group Group

Ata

Kolovai

P

 Coral reefs and atolls are found throughout the warm waters of the south Pacific. Reefs build up from the skeletons of millions of coral polyps – tiny sea creatures that cling to the reef and secrete calcium carbonate around their bodies, forming a hard protective skeleton.

I C

O

I F

g

P A C

d R i

O

c

C

i

f

E

A

i c

B

a

a

C

t

s

ctu

Sea Depth

Population

Tonga

The Kingdom of Tonga re Z one lies in the southwest Pacific, E l Mornington t a about 2000 miles (3000 km) off E n i Abyssal n the east coast of Australia. It F Ud Plain r a int sev Punta Arenas c t comprises 169 islands of which only 36 Fra u ctu r e re Z are permanently inhabited. The majority one Z o Drake Passage e a n of the population live on the largest island, e P Tongatapu. There are only three sizeable t n i a l n P a s towns and the main commercial centre is the u s e h e s h a che t g n u a l r capital Nuku‘alofa. Tonga’s economy is based e i o G e D S n i l l nt s Antarctic Circle P l a S e am ou B e e n mainly on agriculture; coconuts, bananas and vanilla s Peter I Island n d Marie Byrd (to Norway) u are grown as cash crops for export. Although there is Seamount m A Bellingshausen some light manufacturing, growing land shortages have Amundsen Sea Sea forced increased migration to New Zealand and Australia. Fra

7

 Wave action has eroded this shoreline near Port Campbell in southeastern Australia leaving isolated pinnacles of rock cut off from the main coastline. They are known as the ‘Twelve Apostles’, however, one recently collapsed leaving only nine remaining.

Antofagasta Tropic of Capricorn

A

Chile

Islas de los Desventurados (to Chile) Isla Isla San Ambrosio San Félix

Ri s e

Men

z

a

e T re

Sala y Gomez S a l a y G o m e z R i d g e one (to Chile) E a ste r Fra c t ure Z Easter Island (to Chile)

Chal

one re Z actu z Fr i s s Aga

B a s i n

N

rk

P a c i f i c

Callao

hil

Rapa

les

PE RU

H

ra

e

T

st

Pitcairn Island

n Zo

-C

u

ure

Yu p a n q u i B a s i n

Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie & Oeno Islands (to UK)

Paita

E

A

lv

Guayaquil

U

s

Îles Gambier

President Thiers Seamount

Fr

act

Equator

ECUADOR

e i dg aR

1000

Map key

Buenaventura Tumaco

Esmeraldas e idg eg ie R

e

ña

COLOMBIA

Panama B a sin

800

600

400

projection: Mollweide

PANAMA

ru

(to France)

l

Zo

s

i ja Gr

da Men

Miles

Panama City

200

R

t ra Au s

ure

co

6

200 400 600 800 1000

0

Caldera ge

(to Ecuador)

ne

0

NICARAGUA

COSTA RICA

Isla Isabela Car n Galápagos Islands

P

Km

Corinto

ca

ds

ct Fra

Co

Colón Ridge

o ag lap Ga Rise

R i s e

a

French Polynesia

Île

Fra motu

c aEL SALVADOR Tr en ch la a m e t Gua asin B

B aue r B a sin

Zone cture

HONDURAS

ch

s

E

GUATEMALA

Puerto San José Acajutla

eri

n re e T

Tu a

Basin

ture Zone

Am

n si

nd

R i s e

le

Scale 1:61,300,000

Caribbean Sea

hil

i a

G a l l e g o

BELIZE

a

Isl

e Z o n

dd

B

otu

Clipperton Island (to France)

e Z o n

Frac sas

Tiki

Mi

u

Islan

Tu a s m

que

2

4

Tropic of Cancer

r

Mauke Rarotonga

Bora-Bora Tahiti

Mar

1

Mexico

P a c i f i c

s

ie t y

e

Flint Island

MEXICO

Pe r u - C

nd Soc

N

n

la

Penrhyn Basin

An

h

Gulf of

The Peru–Chile Trench is the longest trench in the Pacific, extending 3660 miles (5900 km), and following the line of the Andes mountain range down the west coast of South America.

 Bora-Bora’s twin The Tonga Trench lies north mountain peaks the of New Zealand’s North remnants of an Island. The trench reaches ancient volcano, average depths of 34,448 ft now surrounded by (10,500 m), which is more a large lagoon, than twice the average fringed with coral. depth of the ocean.

A

a Gr

Is Penrhyn

Marquesas Islands

io

e

y

e

in

l

ia

Micronesia consists of numerous small, oceanic islands in the western Pacific. The Micronesian islands are all oceanic in origin, rising directly up from the ocean floor.

Puerto Vallarta

r e c t u F r a

s a g o l a p G a

li

L

Kiritimati

rn

Revillagigedo Islands (to Mexico)

C

e Z o n

e c t u r F r a

r t o n p p e KIRI BATI C l i

Tr

I

nc

C

de

Ca

n r i o C l a

s

F

r e c t u F r a

fo

ro

h Honolulu ug Hawai‘i n Tro ia ‘ i wa Ha

R

de

O‘ahu

e e Zon ac tur ai Fr k o l Mo

ds

I

l fo

an

R OF AMERICA

Go

Isl

n

Zone ure r a c tMountains F y s ra nles Mur Moo

U N I T E D S TAT E S

E

San Francisco

marks a subduction zone between the Pacific Plate and the Philippine Plate. It is the world’s deepest trench, reaching depths of 35,827 ft (10,920 m).

Pe

o Fracture Zone docin Men

L

Cascadia Basin

Y

I

P l a i n

A

T u f t s

Vancouver

O

Endeavour Seamount

Comstock Seamount

d

Queen Charlotte Islands Vancouver Island

Welker Seamount

H

Gilbert Seamou nts

s i n

ch e n Patton Seamount

Pratt Seamount

H

Tr

Gulf of Alaska

Go Ridgrda es

Kodiak Island

Ri

Anchorage

s

O

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (ALASKA)

Yukon

Although it is still the largest ocean, the basin of the Pacific has been gradually decreasing in size due to the movement of the Indo-Australian Plate. The oldest parts are about 135 million years old. The eastern border of the Pacific is characterized by a continuous mountain chain running the length of the North and South American continents. The eastern basin has a low, uninterrupted relief, at depths averaging 15,000 ft (4570 m). In contrast, the western Pacific is scattered with island arcs and bounded by a series of deep ocean trenches. An almost continuous chain of volcanoes surrounds the ocean and an active mid-ocean ridge runs northeast–southwest. The Mariana Trench

Arctic Circle

as t P acific Rise

N

X

N

N

Kalau

0

20

40

20

60

40

80 Km

60

80 Miles

193

POLAR REGIONS C

D

E

F

G

Coronation Island

C

S ia

E A N

seals whales polar research base

Bu tl

Do S ll Ca tee p Ca pe

Ca Ca pe

am tre eS c I Vinson Massif rd 4897m Rutfo ns tai oun Ellswor th M

Dustin Island

Thurston Island

Sherman Island

Noville Peninsula

Burke Island

Bear Peninsula

ku

Dean Island

Many volcanoes, some of them still active, can be found in the mountains of the Antarctic Peninsula.

it of s

as

o

O

sC

14

e utiv ee Exec mitt Com ange R

Mount Siple 3100m

Grant Island

U

T

m Li

The Lambert Glacier is the largest glacier system in the world, up to 50 miles (80 km) wide at its seaward limit, and reaching 180 miles (300 km) into the interior by way of the Prince Charles Mountains.

Mount Sidley 4181m

bb

S 192

15

B y r d

Ho

Siple Island

t

t as h e l f Co Ic e S z

Ge

tis

Wright Island

Elephant Island

13

A n t a r

r i e

Ba

Sea

Carney Island

Upper Wright Valley

a

Martin Peninsula

Amundsen

High winds carrying snow form huge snowdrifts. The erosive power of the wind-borne snow can also sculpt the ice sheet to produce landforms known as sastrugi which align with the direction of the wind.

Limit of summer pack ice

M

t en Coas

Canisteo Peninsula

King Peninsula

m Pack ice forms out at sea in freezing temperatures. At the outer limits, grease ice congeals on the surface of the ocean. This is then spun around by wind and waves into irregular ‘pancakes’, freezing and breaking up several times before bonding together again to form sea-ice sheets, which finally cement into enormous ice floes.

lg re

Cape Flying Fish

W e

Wa

During the winter the seas surrounding Antarctica freeze, increasing the size of the continent by 100%.

ag s Ha atak Nun

Ell swor th L and

Limit of winter pack ice 12

Ca p

Anta rctic Circl e

George VI Ice Shelf

Bran sfie

Ice floe

Henry Ice Rise

Korff Ice Rise

Dendtler Island Farwell Island

t

11

Sea-ice sheet

Ronne Ice Shelf

C

Shelf Ab b o t I c e

 On Elephant Island, the coast is edged by glaciers, although the land is not permanently covered by ice.

Pancake ice

Peter I Øy (Norway)

ice

10

Grease ice

Sea

ack

There are two distinct parts to Antarctica: West Antarctica, a series of ice-covered, mountainous islands, joined together by the ice; and the high plateau of East Antarctica. The Ross Sea and the Weddell Sea are outliers of the Southern Ocean – deep bays partially covered by thick ice shelves.

ge er mb ast u Z Co

Bellingshausen

Eig ht s Coas

The landscape

Sky-Blu (UK)

Rydberg Peninsula

Limit of summer p

 Most settlements in Antarctica are research bases such as this one at Rothera on Adelaide Island, although there is a small Chilean settlement on King George Island.

un

n Rontran En Spaatz Island Case Island Smyley Island

S e a

coal fish minerals oil & gas penguins

9

ld Str ait

Sc e Dr

ak

e P a

ss

ag

Charcot Island

Latady Island

Resources (including wildlife) 8

Wilkins Ice Shelf

Alexander Island

ite

d

Pin e Gla Islan cie d r

O

So

Fossil Bluff (UK)

Rothschild Island

La n

e ce

S N

ge V I

lle Coast

R

R o s s

Geor

Or vi

E

Douglas Range

ns

T

7

r

s

st

tai

U

H

t

e isk eF

oa

un

S O

Wilkes L and

Pe nin s u Mount Jackson P a l m l a 4190m L a lli è a s re ss e

(Argentina)

Marguerite Bay

S e a

rC

o

Rothera (UK)

d

M

c t i c

n Beethovela Peninsu

c

Adelaide Island

t

li sh Co a st Eng

n

M ar L a i e By rd nd

Amundsen Sea

ti

Cape Mascart

Fa o C

sa

rc

as

nd d nd sla iz sla lan Larsen nI d ass st I g Is g a n n Ice Shelf ape A em Isla ant les d h C le Bry ow an intos ow Isl e k man Kn er ac con Coast M a Blac pe De k C oa s San Martín t

B

Tr a n

ta

st

A N C E

nd

A N TA R C T I C A

r

Lavoisier Island

We d d e l l

Churchill Peninsula

a Co

O

La

Bellinghausen Sea

New Zealand claim

Jason Peninsula

o t bae t C A nLou

N

er

Biscoe Islands

French claim Australian claim

Robertson Island

d

R

Pa l m

E

We d d e l l Sea

Palmer (US) Vernadsky (Ukraine)

ce Limit of winter pack i

H

D ronning Maud L and

Anvers Island

Many ore minerals, including iron and gold, are found in the Antarctic, and there are also coal reserves in the Transantarctic Mountains. The severe conditions and environmental importance of the region mean that exploitation of potential mineral resources is both uneconomic and Davis undesirable. The unique wildlife Sea and landscape draw a small number of tourists annually.

Chilean claim

Snowhill Island James Ross Island

Foyn

U

Australian claim

Joinville Island Dundee Island

Lan

O

Brabant Island

Brazilian zone of interest British claim Norwegian undefined limit

General Bernardo O’Higgins (Chile) Esperanza (Argentina) Marambio (Argentina)

Graham

S

Elephant Island

Danco Davis Coast C oast

N E R

S outh Shetland Island s

Resources T

O

T

U

H

E A N O C

Capitán Arturo Prat (Chile)

Livingston Island

Argentinian claim

Arctowski (Poland) Artigas (Uruguay) Bellingshausen (Russian Federation) Comandante Ferraz (Brazil) Great Wall (China) Jubany (Argentina) King Sejong (South Korea) Teniente Rodolfo Marsh (Chile)

Clarence Island

King George Island

Signy (UK)

Research Stations on King George Island

ot

The ice-covered continent of Antarctica, which is the Earth’s most southerly region, has for over 200 years drawn explorers and entrepreneurs seeking challenge and riches in its wintry lands. The extreme climate has deterred any large-scale settlement of the continent, and though commercial hunters built outposts in the past, habitation is now limited to scientific bases. The Antarctic Treaty, which came into force in 1961, provides for international governance and scientific co-operation in place of potential territorial conflict. 4

a

e

Antarctica

1

TERRITORIAL CLAIMS

South Orkney Laurie Island Islands Orcadas (Argentina)

Br oa yan st

B

He ar Ew i

A

um m

er

pa

ck i

t

s rk Bu pe a C

H

Ruppe rt Co ast Newman Island

E

R

N

ce

Antarctica is the highest continent on Earth, because of the great thickness of ice which overlays the land. In places the ice alone can reach up to 15,700 ft (4800 m) thick. Much of the basement rock of west Antarctica lies below sea level, pushed down by the weight of the ice.

16

The mountainous Antarctic Peninsula is formed of rocks 65–225 million years old, overlain by more recent rocks and glacial deposits. It is connected to the Andes in South America by a submarine ridge.

17

A

194

B

Nearly half – 44% – of the Antarctic coastline is bounded by ice shelves, like the Ronne Ice Shelf, which float on the Ocean. These are joined to the inland ice sheet by dome-shaped ice ‘rises’.

C

D

 The barren, flat-bottomed Upper Wright Valley was once filled by a glacier, but is now dry, strewn with boulders and pebbles. In some dry valleys, there has been no rain for over 2 million years.

More than 30% of Antarctic ice is contained in the Ross Ice Shelf.

E

F

G

H

I

J

m Large colonies of seabirds live in the extremely harsh Antarctic climate. The Emperor penguins seen here, the smaller Adélie penguin, the Antarctic petrel and the South Polar skua are the only birds which breed exclusively on the continent. K

L

M

en

D ronning Maud L and

Sør Rondane

T

h

r e S unt he lf

M

au

da

h i l d Ky s t

cafj Belg i

ella

Syowa (Japan)

Ky

Molodezhnaya

(Russian Kro np Federation) O lav r ins Ky s t

Thyer Glacier

st

or sh Dronning Fabiolafjella av 2588m nh e i a n e

Ende rb y L and

Mount Elkins 2300m

Dismal Mountains

st 5

Larsnsen ste Chri oast C

in s nta u o ar l e s M

Mount Menzies 3355m

P r in c e C h

Amery Ice Shelf

t or pp Su

saco

Ing rid Ch r is ten

la M

P r incess Eliz abeth L and

Mackenzie Bay

Zhongshan (China)

sen

Prydz Bay

Co a

st

ou

and pold d Leo rid Lan t ng Ki en As e Qu

in s

n atio nd tream S

nt a

West Ice Shelf

A

N

T A

R C

T

I C

E a st

A

T

a

t

i c Beardmore

Scott Glacier

n

t

Mount Markham 4351m

ast

u

l

Sip

i

s

By rd Gla cier

n

Co

t

r i a t o i c

Map key Elevation ice cap

Adélie W

Leningradskaya (Russian Federation)

G e or g e

V

a Co

st

Cape Freshfield Cape Hudson

Cape Goodenough

il

Ad é

li e

Co

Dibble Iceberg Tongue

Dumont d’Urville (France)

Cape Gray

'U Dumont d

le r vil

Sea

Km

0 25 50

Miles

150

100

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

projection: Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area

R

S

T

14

15

a st

0 25 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Scott Island

Q

Dalton Iceberg Tongue

Cape Keltie

e ircl ic C arct ce Ant ki Limit of summer pac

Balleny Islands

P

13

ar

Porpoise Bay

George V

Rennick Glacier

exposed land

O

Cape Waldron

ack ice

nz

Scale 1:14,750,000

N

12 Cape Poinsett

br

t

Ba

Land

Cape Cheetham

ice shelf

Te r r e

O ates L and

Mount Minto 4163m

Cape Adare

d

Casey (Australia)

Li mi to fs um me rp

Bor ch C o ag r e v i st nk

Coulman Island

Sa

d L a n

O C E A N

st

Drygalski Ice Tongue

t Coa Scot

Mount Erebus 3794m

Bu d

oas

V

Ross Island

Ross S ea

Vincennes Bay

L a n d

Mount Lister 4026m Scott Base (NZ) McMurdo Base (US)

Edward VII Peninsula

o

W i l k e s

Mount McClintock 3492m

Roosevelt Island

Bowman Island

x

Kn

a

Nimrod Glacier

Ross Ice Shelf

Mill Island

Co

o

Mount Kirkpatrick 4528m

a st

M

Glacier

un

lar y Hil st Coa

Sulzberger Bay

Northcliffe Glacier Denman Glacier

Masson Island

aC

Mo

Duf ek C t a i n s oa st

t oas

Vostok (Russian Federation) South Geomagnetic Pole

in

st

c

ton kle ac st Sh Coa

nders Coa Sau st

C

t Shira se Coas

Rocke felle r Plateau

e

ud

st

L a n d

a Co

C

oa

ee

Gould

Am un n ds M en a

r

as

e nt

a

(Russian Federation)

Co

pm

Qu

ar

t

D av i s S ea Mirny

e

E

sc

Antarc t ica

n

Co ke as s t

on

c t i c a

H Mo orlic unt k ains

Wilhelm II Land

Mer tz Glaci er

a

ts Wa

Mount Seelig 3022m

s

Philippi Glacier

Amundsen-Scott (US)

Ninnis Glacier

Whitmore Mountains

Mikhaylov Island

Wi l h e l m I I Queen Ma r Coast Coast y

r

South Pole

n

s t

6

Davis (Australia)

Shelf e ton Ice

Pe n

Fo rce Gl ac ier

Cape Darnley

Shackl

Lu i t p C o a s to l d

Gillock Island

N E A O C

Land

rt Glacier Lambe

Fo Ice u

4

Mawson (Australia)

Gustav Bull Mountains

Mac. Robertson

Recover y Glacier

Berkner Island

Hansen Mountains

a Co

T h e ro ni n s Mo u nt ar sso Sle lacier G

Filchner Ice Shelf

son Maw

Ke mp L and

3

Edward VIII Gulf Law Promontory

Co ats L and

172

Cape Batterbee

Napier Mountains

Nye Mountains

rd ai a s t o

Belgrano II (Argentina)

2

Lützow Holmbukta

C

C

R ag n

Riiser-Larsen Peninsula

N E R T H

Halley (UK)

esse

Asuka (Japan)

Stancomb-Wills Glacier

B Ic

in s

1

U

dh

Pr

Wohlthat Massivet

ay

ise

Ri

m

Fimbulheim

Limi t of su mmer pack ice

d Ky s t

S O

ei

Mühlig-Hofmanfjella

Novolazarevskaya (Russian Federation)

Astr i

ld

Lyddan Island

d vi

esse

nB

se

n

r-

L

Ri

ar

se ni

in s

ay

n

is S

se ar -L er ea

se ses in Ky s t r p a on r t h ä Borgmassivet M

 The sun sets over the Antarctic Peninsula for more than six months during the winter. However, there are more hours of sunshine during the brief Antarctic summer than most equatorial countries experience in a whole year.

Amu nds e

ice ack Cape Norvegia rp

Pr

Fimbulissen

Georg von Neumayer (Germany)

Y

Maitri (India)

yB

Sanae (South Africa)

X

a P r in s Har

it Lim

me um of s

64

P O L A R R E G I O N S : A N TA R C T I C A Cir cle

Cas e

H

T OU

Kr

S

OCEAN N R E

Ant arc tic

U

V

W

X

16

m Immense, flat-topped icebergs are formed when blocks of ice break away from the main ice sheet. Though the exposed area is enormous, the volume of ice concealed beneath the water may be many times greater. Y

17

Z

195

POLAR REGIONS C

D

E

F

G

H

The Arctic

Map key

Km

0

above 5 million

100

300

200 100

400

projection: Lambert Azimuthal Equal Area

Miles

600

500

500,000 to 1 million 100,000 to 500,000 50,000 to 100,000 10,000 to 50,000 below 10,000

Sea depth Sea level 200m / 656ft 1000m / 3281ft

m Wind-blown snow etches deep patterns in the ice sheet known as sastrugi. They align with the direction of the wind.

2000m / 6562ft 3000m / 9843ft 5000m / 16,400ft

C I

A

H

R

E

Boothia Peninsula

 Icebergs are constantly broken up and re-shaped by wind and the oceans. This flat-topped iceberg has been undercut, leaving a craggy ice cliff.

Gulf Southampton Island

Melville Peninsula

Hudson Bay Coats Island

Mansel Island

f Ba

Hu Ungava Bay

fi

her B ay

Cape Chidley 13

D

Labrador Sea

Nain

14

Ivittuut

C

D

E

F

Qaqortoq

Sea water melts the edge of the ice sheet

m At the boundary of the Arctic ice shelves, sea water flows under the ice causing melting and forming crevasses on the surface. This eventually weakens blocks of ice which break away as icebergs. This process is known as calving. G

H

I

d

Narsarsuaq

T

J

Nanortalik Nunap Isua (Kap Farvel) Eirik Ridge

L

A

N

64

K

L

EQ

LL

196

B

Iceberg

Crevasses occur at the edge of the ice sheet

Iceland has five major glaciers, sustained by heavy snowfall. Parts of the ice cap cover active volcanoes, such as Bárdharbunga, which periodically erupt causing the melted ice to form a great lake at the glacier margins.

Maniitsoq

JA

17

A

A

Arctic ice shelf Ice sheet

 Much of Greenland is covered by a massive ice sheet more than 650,000 sq miles (1,683,400 sq km) in extent. The weight of the ice has depressed the central land area to form a basin lying more than 1000 ft (300 m) below sea level. Only at the edges of the island is bare rock visible.

v

it

Paamiut

Labrador Basin

16

a

S

is

a tr

KU

15

n

NUUK

Lomonosov Ridge

A complex and ancient mountain system, extending from the Queen Elizabeth Islands to eastern Greenland was formed more than 245 million years ago.

la

Is

Iqaluit (Frobisher Bay)

Frob is

Kimmirut (Lake Harbour)

n

n S trait dso

Inukjuak (Port Harrison)

y Ba

In the more southerly reaches of the Arctic, like Siberia, much of the land is covered by permafrost. In the summer, higher temperatures warm the frozen ground, causing a number of typical phenomena. These include solifluction, the fast downhill movement of top soil layers; freeze/thaw activity, which patterns the ground into regular polygonal shapes, and the formation of large domes with a frozen ice core, known as pingos.

e Hom

At a latitude of more than 75° N, the Arctic Ocean is almost permanently covered by pack-ice, though high winds and the movement of the seas may cause the ice to crack and break up.

F o x e Prince Charles B a s i n Island

Foxnesula Peni

12

The Arctic Ocean is the world’s smallest ocean with a total area of 5,440,000 sq miles (15,100,000 sq km).

of

Repulse Bay

Ivujivik

The Canadian Shield underlies almost all of the Canadian Arctic. It is a very stable plateau of ancient rock, now covered by glacial lakes and sediment, which supports tundra vegetation.

Corona Gulf tion

O Churchill

King William Island

d

10

The Arctic Ocean comprises two large ocean basins divided by three submarine ridges, the greatest of which, the Lomonosov Ridge, is a huge underwater mountain range which has an average height of more than 10,000 ft (3000 m). The lands which encircle the Arctic Ocean are underlain by great shield areas of ancient rocks, which were heavily glaciated during the last Ice Age.

8

Back

The landscape

U

Cambridge Bay (Ikaluktutiak)

Nels on

E

Bathurst Inlet

Que en GulMaud f

P

T I C

N

Kugluktuk (Coppermine)

A

E

O

R

L

N

A

C

coal fish mining oil & gas radioactive contamination major towns major ports

O

T

A

N

Resources Murmansk

Great Slave Lake

A

NO

Qaanaaq

N

m Icebreakers, ships with specially strengthened hulls, designed to break a path through the ice, are used to keep important routes open during the winter, when falling temperatures cause much of the Arctic Ocean to freeze over.

Noril’sk

E

ie

Sou n

RT

Tiksi

A R C T I C O C E A N

Reykjavík

kenz

Great Bear Lake

lan d

A

Inuvik

C

Mac

I

S

T

A

D

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9

11

A

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8

Ber ing Sea

A

8

600

300

A

7

500

400

200

6000m / 19,686ft

Large quantities of coal, oil and natural gas are to be found in the basins of the Arctic Ocean, and in northern Canada, Alaska and the Russian Federation. The cost and difficulty of extraction and, more recently, awareness of damage to the environment, have limited exploitation to coastal regions. The unfrozen waters have stocks of fish including cod, plaice and haddock. Quotas have now been put in place to restrict the number of fish caught annually. Reindeer are herded in large numbers by many of the native Arctic peoples. Most grain and vegetables are imported from elsewhere.

6

M

192

1 million to 5 million

Resources

5

L

0

4000m / 13,124ft 4

K

Scale 1:21,000,000

Population

Three continents, Asia, North America and Europe, reach into the Arctic Circle at their northernmost limits, almost entirely encircling the Arctic Ocean. Despite the region’s extraordinarily harsh climate, it has been inhabited for thousands of years by peoples such as the European Lapps, the Russian Nenet, and the North American Inuit, who draw a living from fishing, herding and hunting. More recently, particularly in the Russian Arctic, opportunities to exploit oil and other mineral reserves have encouraged immigration. Pollution of the Arctic’s unique ecology and damage to the traditional lifestyles of many native peoples have been the unfortunate results of this activity, and international co-operation is needed to safeguard the future of the region.

J

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17

LATVIA X

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197

G E O G R A P H I C A L C O M PA R I S O N S

Geographical comparisons Largest countries

Russian Federation



Canada



Least populous countries 6,592,735 sq miles

(17,075,200 sq km)



Vatican City

3,855,171 sq miles

(9,984,670 sq km)



Nauru

9488

USA

3,794,100 sq miles

(9,826,675 sq km)



Tuvalu

10,782



China

3,705,386 sq miles

(9,596,960 sq km)



Palau

21,186



Brazil

3,286,470 sq miles

(8,511,965 sq km)



San Marino

32,742



Australia

2,967,893 sq miles

(7,686,850 sq km)



Monaco

36,950



India

1,269,339 sq miles

(3,287,590 sq km)



Liechtenstein

37,313



Argentina

1,068,296 sq miles

(2,766,890 sq km)



St Kitts & Nevis

51,538



Kazakhstan

1,049,150 sq miles

(2,717,300 sq km)



Marshall Islands

70,983



Algeria

919,590 sq miles

(2,381,740 sq km)



Dominica

73,449



Andorra

85,458



Antigua & Barbuda

91,295

Smallest countries

842



Vatican City

0.17 sq miles



Monaco

0.75 sq miles

(1.95 sq km)



Nauru

8.2 sq miles

(21.2 sq km)



Tuvalu

10 sq miles

(26 sq km)



Monaco

49,267 people per sq mile

(18,949 per sq km)

Singapore

23,305 people per sq mile

(9016 per sq km)

(0.44 sq km)

Most densely populated countries



San Marino

24 sq miles

(61 sq km)





Liechtenstein

62 sq miles

(160 sq km)



Vatican City

4953 people per sq mile

(1914 per sq km)

Bahrain

4762 people per sq mile

(1841 per sq km)



Marshall Islands

70 sq miles

(181 sq km)





St. Kitts & Nevis

101 sq miles

(261 sq km)



Maldives

3448 people per sq mile

(1333 per sq km)



Maldives

116 sq miles

(300 sq km)



Malta

3226 people per sq mile

(1250 per sq km)



Malta

124 sq miles

(320 sq km)



Bangladesh

3066 people per sq mile

(1184 per sq km)



Taiwan

1879 people per sq mile

(725 per sq km)



Barbados

1807 people per sq mile

(698 per sq km)



Mauritius

1671 people per sq mile

(645 per sq km)

Largest islands

To the nearest 1000 – or 100,000 for the largest



Greenland

849,400 sq miles

(2,200,000 sq km)



New Guinea

312,000 sq miles

(808,000 sq km)



Borneo

292,222 sq miles

(757,050 sq km)



Madagascar

229,300 sq miles

(594,000 sq km)



Sumatra

202,300 sq miles

(524,000 sq km)



Baffin Island

183,800 sq miles

(476,000 sq km)



Honshu

88,800 sq miles

(230,000 sq km)



Britain

88,700 sq miles

(229,800 sq km)



Victoria Island

81,900 sq miles

(212,000 sq km)



Ellesmere Island

75,700 sq miles

(196,000 sq km)

Richest countries

GNI per capita, in US$

Most sparsely populated countries

Mongolia

5 people per sq mile

(2 per sq km)



Namibia

7 people per sq mile

(3 per sq km)



Australia

8 people per sq mile

(3 per sq km)



Suriname

8 people per sq mile

(3 per sq km)



Iceland

8 people per sq mile

(3 per sq km)



Botswana

9 people per sq mile

(4 per sq km)



Libya

9 people per sq mile

(4 per sq km)



Mauriania

10 people per sq mile

(4 per sq km)



Canada

10 people per sq mile

(4 per sq km)



Guyana

11 people per sq mile

(4 per sq km)



Monaco

186,950



Liechtenstein

136,770



Norway

102,610



Switzerland

90,760

Most widely spoken languages



Qatar

86,790

1. Chinese (Mandarin)

6. Arabic



Luxembourg

69,900

2. English

7. Bengali



Australia

65,390

3. Hindi

8. Portuguese



Sweden

61,760

4. Spanish

9. Malay-Indonesian



Denmark

61,680

5. Russian

10. French



Singapore

54,040

Poorest countries

GNI per capita, in US$

Largest conurbations

Urban area population



Burundi

260



Tokyo

37,800,000



Malawi

270



Jakarta

30,500,000



Somalia

288



Manila

24,100,000



Central African Republic

320



Delhi

24,000,000

400



Karachi

23,500,000

410



Seoul

23,500,000

430



Shanghai

23,400,000

440



Beijing

21,000,000

New York City

20,600,000



Niger Liberia Dem. Rep. Congo Madagascar



Guinea

460





Ethiopia

470



Guangzhou

20,600,000



Eritrea

490



São Paulo

20,300,000



Gambia

500



Mexico City

20,000,000



Mumbai

17,700,000



Osaka

17,400,000



Lagos

17,000,000

Most populous countries

China

1,393,800,000



Moscow

16,100,000



India

1,267,400,000



Dhaka

15,700,000



USA

322,600,000



Lahore

15,600,000



Indonesia

252,800,000



Los Angeles

15,000,000



Brazil

202,120,000



Bangkok

15,000,000



Pakistan

185,100,000



Kolkatta

14,700,000



Nigeria

178,500,000



Buenos Aires

14,100,000



Bangladesh

159,000,000



Tehran

13,500,000



Russian Federation

142,500,000



Istanbul

13,300,000



Japan

127,000,000



Shenzhen

12,000,000

198

G E O G R A P H I C A L C O M PA R I S O N S

Countries with the most land borders



14: China

14: Russian Federation







10: Brazil

9: Congo, Dem. Rep.

9: Germany



8: Austria



8: France

Greatest waterfalls

Mean flow of water

(Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Laos,



Boyoma (Dem. Rep. Congo)

600,400 cu. ft/sec

(17,000 cu.m/sec)

Mongolia, Myanmar (Burma), Nepal, North Korea, Pakistan,



Khône (Laos/Cambodia)

410,000 cu. ft/sec

(11,600 cu.m/sec)

Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Vietnam)



Niagara (USA/Canada)

195,000 cu. ft/sec

(5500 cu.m/sec)

(Azerbaijan, Belarus, China, Estonia, Finland, Georgia,



Grande, Salto (Uruguay)

160,000 cu. ft/sec

(4500 cu.m/sec)

Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Mongolia, North Korea, Norway,



Paulo Afonso (Brazil)

Poland, Ukraine)



Urubupungá, Salto do (Brazil)

100,000 cu. ft/sec

(2800 cu.m/sec)

97,000 cu. ft/sec

(2750 cu.m/sec)

(Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay,



Iguaçu (Argentina/Brazil)

62,000 cu. ft/sec

(1700 cu.m/sec)

Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, Venezuela)



Maribondo, Cachoeira do (Brazil)

53,000 cu. ft/sec

(1500 cu.m/sec)

(Angola, Burundi, Central African Republic, Congo, Rwanda,



Victoria (Zimbabwe)

39,000 cu. ft/sec

(1100 cu.m/sec)

South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia)



Murchison Falls (Uganda)

42,000 cu. ft/sec

(1200 cu.m/sec)

(Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Luxembourg,



Churchill (Canada)

35,000 cu. ft/sec

(1000 cu.m/sec)

Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland)



Kaveri Falls (India)

33,000 cu. ft/sec

(900 cu.m/sec)

(Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Liechtenstein, Slovakia, Slovenia, Switzerland) (Andorra, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Monaco,

Highest waterfalls

* Indicates that the total height is a single leap

Spain, Switzerland)



Angel (Venezuela)

3212 ft

(979 m)

(Burundi, Dem. Rep. Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Rwanda,



Tugela (South Africa)

3110 ft

(948 m)



8: Tanzania

Uganda, Zambia)



Utigard (Norway)

2625 ft

(800 m)



8: Turkey

(Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Iran, Iraq, Syria)



Mongefossen (Norway)

2539 ft

(774 m)



8: Zambia

(Angola, Botswana, Dem. Rep.Congo, Malawi, Mozambique,



Mtarazi (Zimbabwe)

2500 ft

(762 m)

Namibia, Tanzania, Zimbabwe)



Yosemite (USA)

2425 ft

(739 m)



Ostre Mardola Foss (Norway)

2156 ft

(657 m)



Tyssestrengane (Norway)

2119 ft

(646 m)

Longest rivers

Nile (NE Africa)

4160 miles

(6695 km)



Amazon (South America)

4049 miles

(6516 km)



Yangtze (China)

3915 miles

(6299 km)



Mississippi/Missouri (USA)

3710 miles

(5969 km)

Ob’-Irtysh (Russian Federation)

3461 miles

(5570 km)



Yellow River (China)

3395 miles

(5464 km)



Congo (Central Africa)

2900 miles

(4667 km)



Mekong (Southeast Asia)

2749 miles

(4425 km)



Lena (Russian Federation)

2734 miles

(4400 km)



Mackenzie (Canada)

2640 miles

(4250 km)



Yenisey (Russian Federation)

2541 miles

(4090km)

Highest mountains

Everest

Height above sea level 29,029 ft

(8848 m)



K2

28,253 ft

(8611 m)



Kangchenjunga I

28,210 ft

(8598 m)



Makalu I Cho Oyu

27,767 ft 26,907 ft

(8463 m) (8201 m)



Dhaulagiri I

26,796 ft

(8167 m)



Manaslu I

26,783 ft

(8163 m)



Nanga Parbat I

26,661 ft

(8126 m)



Annapurna I

26,547 ft

(8091 m)



Gasherbrum I

26,471 ft

Largest bodies of inland water

Caspian Sea



Lake Superior



Lake Victoria

(8068 m)



*Cuquenan (Venezuela)

2001 ft

(610 m)



Sutherland (New Zealand)

1903 ft

(580 m)



*Kjellfossen (Norway)

1841 ft

(561 m)

Largest deserts

NB – Most of Antarctica is a polar desert, with only 50mm of precipitation annually



Sahara



Gobi

3,450,000 sq miles

(9,065,000 sq km)

500,000 sq miles

(1,295,000 sq km)



Ar Rub al Khali

289,600 sq miles

(750,000 sq km)



Great Victorian

249,800 sq miles

(647,000 sq km)



Sonoran

120,000 sq miles

(311,000 sq km)



Kalahari

120,000 sq miles

(310,800 sq km)



Kara Kum

115,800 sq miles

(300,000 sq km)



Takla Makan

100,400 sq miles

(260,000 sq km)



Namib

52,100 sq miles

(135,000 sq km)



Thar

33,670 sq miles

(130,000 sq km)

Hottest inhabited places

Djibouti (Djibouti)



Tombouctou (Mali)



Tirunelveli (India)



Tuticorin (India)



Nellore (India)



Santa Marta (Colombia)



Aden (Yemen)



Madurai (India)



Niamey (Niger)



Hodeida (Yemen)



Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)



Thanjavur (India)



Tiruchchirappalli (India)

86° F

(30 °C)

84.7° F

(29.3 °C)

84.5° F

(29.2 °C)

84° F

(28.9 °C)

83.8° F

(28.8 °C)

With area and depth 143,243 sq miles (371,000 sq km)

3215 ft (980 m)

31,151 sq miles (83,270 sq km)

1289 ft (393 m)

26,828 sq miles (69,484 sq km)

328 ft (100 m)



Lake Huron

23,436 sq miles (60,700 sq km)

751 ft (229 m)



Lake Michigan

22,402 sq miles (58,020 sq km)

922 ft (281 m)



Lake Tanganyika

12,703 sq miles (32,900 sq km)

4700 ft (1435 m)



Great Bear Lake

12,274 sq miles (31,790 sq km)

1047 ft (319 m)



Lake Baikal

11,776 sq miles (30,500 sq km)

5712 ft (1741 m)



Great Slave Lake

10,981 sq miles (28,440 sq km)

459 ft (140 m)



Lake Erie

9,915 sq miles (25,680 sq km)

197 ft (60 m)

Deepest ocean features

Driest inhabited places

Aswân (Egypt)

0.02 in

(0.5 mm)



Luxor (Egypt)

0.03 in

(0.7 mm)



Arica (Chile)



Ica (Peru)



Antofagasta (Chile)

0.2 in

(4.9 mm)



Al Minya (Egypt)

0.2 in

(5.1 mm)



Asyut (Egypt)

0.2 in

(5.2 mm)



Callao (Peru)

0.5 in

(12.0 mm)



Trujillo (Peru)



Al Fayyum (Egypt)

0.04 in

(1.1 mm)

0.1 in

(2.3 mm)

0.55 in

(14.0 mm)

0.8 in

(19.0 mm)

(11,862 mm)

Wettest inhabited places



Challenger Deep, Mariana Trench (Pacific)

35,827 ft

(10,920 m)



Mawsynram (India)

467 in



Vityaz III Depth, Tonga Trench (Pacific)

35,704 ft

(10,882 m)



Mount Waialeale (Hawaii, USA)

460 in

(11,684 mm)



Vityaz Depth, Kuril-Kamchatka Trench (Pacific)

34,588 ft

(10,542 m)



Cherrapunji (India)

450 in

(11,430 mm)



Cape Johnson Deep, Philippine Trench (Pacific)

34,441 ft

(10,497 m)



Cape Debundsha (Cameroon)

405 in

(10,290 mm)



Kermadec Trench (Pacific)

32,964 ft

(10,047 m)



Quibdo (Colombia)

354 in

(8892 mm)



Ramapo Deep, Japan Trench (Pacific)

32,758 ft

(9984 m)



Buenaventura (Colombia)

265 in

(6743 mm)



Milwaukee Deep, Puerto Rico Trench (Atlantic)

30,185 ft

(9200 m)



Monrovia (Liberia)

202 in

(5131 mm)



Argo Deep, Torres Trench (Pacific)

30,070 ft

(9165 m)



Pago Pago (American Samoa)

196 in

(4990 mm)

Meteor Depth, South Sandwich Trench (Atlantic)

30,000 ft

(9144 m)



Mawlamyine (Myanmar [Burma])

191 in

(4852 mm)



29,988 ft

(9140 m)



Lae (Papua New Guinea)

183 in

(4645 mm)

Planet Deep, New Britain Trench (Pacific)

199

CO U N T R I E S O F T H E WO R L D

Standard time zones 0

+1

+2

+3

+4

+1

0

JAN MAYEN (to Norway)

N

DE

0

NORWAY

+6

+4

+8

+9

AN

MALDIVES

Gough Island (to Tristan da Cunha)

-3

ASC

AG

AD

MB IQ U

SWAZILAND

+8

MICRONESIA PALAU

+9

I N D O N E S I A +8

+10

K SOLOMON ISLANDS

EAST TIMOR

TUVALU

R

I

D

+91/2 +8

VANUATU

CORAL SEA ISLANDS (to Australia)

+10

+11

FI JI +13

NEW CALEDONIA (to France)

AUSTRALIA

+111/2

Kermadec Island (to NZ)

+12

+5

HEARD & MCDONALD ISLANDS (to Australia)

IC

Hawaii (to US)

Macquarie Island (to Australia)

DOM. REP. TURKS & CAICOS IS. (to UK) CAYMAN IS. THE (to UK) BAHAMAS –5 HONDURAS CUBA BELIZE O HAITI JAM AICA

CLIPPERTON ISLAND (to French Polynesia)

KINGMAN REEF (to US)

GUATEMALA EL SALVADOR NICARAGUA COSTA RICA

PALMYRA ATOLL (to US)

Galápagos Islands (to Ecuador)

B A T I +13 +14

PUERTO RICO (to US) BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS (to UK) VIRGIN ISLANDS (to US) ANGUILLA (to UK) Tropic of Cancer ST KITTS & NEVIS

–4

COLOMBIA

–41/2

–10

FRENCH POLYNESIA (to France)

NIUE (to NZ) AMERICAN SAMOA (to US) WALLIS & FUTUNA (to France)

–8

PA C I F I C OCEAN

Campbell Island (to NZ)

–6

Easter Island (to Chile)

B R A Z I L –4

U

San Felix Island (to Chile) San Ambrosia Island (to Chile) CHILE Juan Fernandez Island (to Chile)

Equator

SURINAME

–3

BOLIVIA

PITCAIRN GROUP OF ISLANDS (to UK)

Chatham Island (to NZ)

FRENCH GUIANA (to France)

GUYANA

–5 Îles Marquises

ANTIGUA & BARBUDA MONTSERRAT (to UK) GUADELOUPE (to France) DOMINICA MARTINIQUE (to France) ST LUCIA BARBADOS ST VINCENT & THE GRENADINES GRENADA TRINIDAD & TOBAGO

VENEZUELA

ECUADOR

–91/2

COOK ISLANDS (to NZ)

–10

ATLANTIC OCEAN

CURAÇAO (to Neth.)

ARUBA (to Neth.)

PANAMA

JARVIS ISLAND (to US)

+123/4

Tasmania

–31/2

ST PIERRE –3 & MIQUELON (to France)

U N I T E D S TAT E S OF AMERICA

TONGA

NORFOLK ISLAND (to Australia)

+101/2

–1

A

–6

TOKELAU (to NZ) SAMOA

FRENCH SOUTHERN & ANTARCTIC LANDS (to France)

+4

JOHNSTON ATOLL (to US)

I

0

–4

BAKER & HOWLAND ISLANDS (to US)

NEW ZEALAND

Prince Edward Islands (to S.Africa)

A

BERMUDA (to UK)

–11

+12

+11

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

ASHMORE & CARTIER ISLANDS (to Australia)

INDIAN OCEAN

LESOTHO

N

–5

MARSHALL ISLANDS

NAURU

+7

A

)

–10

WAKE ISLAND (to US)

GUAM (to US)

PHILIPPINES

CHRISTMAS ISLAND (to Australia)

MAURITIUS REUNION (to France)

M

MOZA

BRUNEI

COCOS (KEELING) ISLANDS (to Australia)

MAYOTTE (to France)

AR

NG

C

O

0

+2

SOUTH AFRICA

Greenwich Meridian

TRISTAN DA CUNHA (to UK)

+3

CAMB.

+61/2

NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS (to US)

–2

GREENLAND (to Denmark)

R

+1

BOTS.

E

BRITISH INDIAN OCEAN TERR. (to UK)

–7

PE

ZIMB.

NAMIBIA

ATLANTIC OCEAN

–3

–8

MIDWAY ISLANDS (to US)

M A L A Y S IA

+6

SEYCHELLES

+7

Alaska (to US)

–11

TAIWAN THAI.

e in

PACIFIC OCEAN

JAPAN +9

LAOS

SINGAPORE

COMOROS

S. KOREA

el at

–10

+6

Andaman Islands (to India) SRI LANKA

O

M

CA M

AL

IA

ER OON

BU

+53/4

NA M

ANGOLA ZAMBIA

0

–4

Arctic Circle

C

NEPAL BHUTAN

(BURMA)

+51/2

N. KOREA

+8

C H I N A

BANG.

Laccadive Islands (to India)

lD na

Kuril Islands (to Russ. Fed.)

MONG OLIA

I N D I A +6 +61/2 +51/2 MYANMAR

+4

+4

A

I N

+2

ZA

DEM. REP. CONGO

MALAWI

ST HELENA (to UK)

–5

–9

US Aleutian Islands (to

ET

OM

io at rn te In

+11

A N

U.A.E.

TAN

0

–6

OCEAN

+12

+10

Y

AN

M

M O R

IA IT AN

SAUDI ARABIA

YEMEN SENEGAL CHAD SUDAN INA GAMBIA RK SO DJIBOUTI +3 GUINEA-BISSAU GUINEA NIGERIA FA SIERRA SOUTH BENIN ETHIOPIA LEONE C.A.R. SUDAN +3 LIBERIA EQ .G IVORY COAST GHANA UGANDA UINE SO (CÔTE D’IVOIRE) A TOGO 0 RWANDA KENYA GABON BURUNDI SAO TOME & ASCENSION ISLAND (to UK)

–7

X

BAHRAIN +3 QATAR

ERITREA

MALI NIGER

PRINCIPE Cabinda (to Angola)

–8

Queen Elizabeth Islands

Asiatic Russia

+7

ST KI PA

KUWAIT

JORDAN

EGYPT

+1

0

–9

E

R

–10

–4

VI

-1

U MA

–11

M

WESTERN SAHARA CAPE VERDE

ARCTIC

F E D E R A T I O N

+6 K A ZA K HS TA N

O

+2

+12 –12

+10

MOLD. AUT. HUNG. SLVN. SWITZ. ROM. ANDORRA SER. CRO. MON. S.M. B.&H. KOS. +1 VAT. BULG. MON. UZBEK. GEORGIA KYRG. ARMENIA +4 AZERB. ALB. CITY PORTUGAL +5 +4 SPAIN Azores I T A L Y MACED. TURKEY TURKMEN. +5 TAJ. 0 AZ. -1 (to Port.) +2 GREECE -1 GIBRALTAR SYRIA TUNISIA MALTA CYPRUS (to UK) AFGH. LEBANON IRAN O Madeira 1/2 +5 1 ISRAEL CC / +4 (to Portugal) +3 2 IRAQ

L I BYA

+11

New Siberian Islands

R U S S I A N

FRANCE

AL GE R I A

+10

Severnaya Zemlya

+2

EST.

0

+9

Baffin Island

RUSS. LAT. European UNITED DEN. FED. LITH. Russia KINGDOM BELA. IRELAND 0 NETH. POLAND +3 SLVK. BELG. UKRAINE E R CZ.REP. LUX. G LIECH. +2

Canary Islands (to Spain)

+8

+11

FINLAND

SWE

FAROE ISLANDS (to Denmark)

+7

Novaya Zemlya

+1

ICELAND

+6

Franz Josef Land

SVALBARD (to Norway)

–1

+5

–4

PARAGUAY

–3

CHILE

Tropic of Capricorn

A

–1

ARG EN TI N

–2

URUGUAY

–4

–3

FALKLAND ISLANDS (to UK)

–2

Antarctic Circle

A N TA R C T I C A

A N TA R C T I C A (except for Graham Land, Antarctica is not subject to any time zone)

Graham Land –3

The numbers at the top of the map indicate the number of hours each time zone is ahead or behind Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). The clocks and 24-hour times given at the bottom of the map show the time in each time zone when it is 12:00 hours noon (UTC)

Time Zones Because Earth is a rotating sphere, the Sun shines on only half of its surface at any one time. Thus, it is simultaneously morning, evening and night time in different parts of the world (see diagram below). Because of these disparities, each country or part of a country adheres to a local time. A region of Earth’s surface within which a single local time is used is called a time zone. There are 24 one hour time zones around the world, arranged roughly in longitudinal bands.

Standard Time Standard time is the official local time in a particular country or part of a country. It is defined by the Day and night around the world -8

-6

NR

Noon 

+2

+4

+6

ET

SU

-2

NS

200

-4

SU

ISE

 Midnight -10

time zone or zones associated with that country or region. Although time zones are arranged roughly in longitudinal bands, in many places the borders of a zone do not fall exactly on longitudinal meridians, as can be seen on the map (above), but are determined by geographical factors or by borders between countries or parts of countries. Most countries have just one time zone and one standard time, but some large countries (such as the USA, Canada and Russia) are split between several time zones, so standard time varies across those countries. For example, the coterminous United States straddles four time zones and so has four standard times, called the Eastern, Central, Mountain and Pacific standard times. China is unusual in that just one standard time is used for the whole country, even though it extends across 60° of longitude from west to east. +8

Midnight  +10

Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) is a reference by which the local time in each time zone is set. For example, Australian Western Standard Time (the local time in Western Australia) is set 8 hours ahead of UTC (it is

UTC+8) whereas Eastern Standard Time in the United States is set 5 hours behind UTC (it is UTC-5). UTC is a successor to, and closely approximates, Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). However, UTC is based on an atomic clock, whereas GMT is determined by the Sun’s position in the sky relative to the 0° longitudinal meridian, which runs through Greenwich, UK.

The International Dateline The International Dateline is an imaginary line from pole to pole that roughly corresponds to the 180° longitudinal meridian. It is an arbitrary marker between calendar days. The dateline is needed because of the use of local times around the world rather than a single universal time. When moving from west to east across the dateline, travellers have to set their watches back one day. Those travelling in the opposite direction, from east to west, must add a day.

Daylight Saving Time Daylight saving is a summertime adjustment to the local time in a country or region, designed to cause a higher proportion of its citizens’ waking hours to pass during daylight. To follow the system, timepieces are advanced by an hour on a pre-decided date in spring and reverted back in autumn. About half of the world’s nations use daylight saving.

COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD

Countries of the World

Country factfile key

There are currently 196 independent countries in the world and almost 60 dependencies. Antarctica is the only land area on Earth that is not officially part of, and does not belong to, any single country. In 1950, the world comprised 82 countries. In the decades following, many more states came into being as they achieved independence from their former colonial rulers. Most recent additions were caused by the breakup of the former Soviet Union in 1991, and the former Yugoslavia in 1992, which swelled the ranks of independent states. In July 2011, South Sudan became the latest country to be formed after declaring independence from Sudan.

Formation Date of political origin or independence/ date current borders were established Population Total population / population density – based on total land area Languages An asterisk (*) denotes the official language(s) Calorie consumption Average number of kilocalories consumed daily per person

AFGHANISTAN

ANTIGUA & BARBUDA

AZERBAIJAN

BELARUS

BOLIVIA

Official name Islamic Republic of Afghanistan Formation 1919 / 1919 Capital Kabul Population 31.3 million / 124 people per sq mile

Official name Antigua and Barbuda Formation 1981 / 1981 Capital St. John’s Population 91,295 / 537 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Azerbaijan Formation 1991 / 1991 Capital Baku Population 9.5 million / 284 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Belarus Formation 1991 / 1991 Capital Minsk Population 9.3 million / 116 people per sq mile

Official name Plurinational State of Bolivia Formation 1825 / 1938 Capital La Paz (administrative); Sucre (judicial) Population 10.8 million / 26 people per sq mile

Total area 250,000 sq. miles (647,500 sq. km) Languages Pashtu*, Tajik, Dari*, Farsi, Uzbek,

Total area 170 sq. miles (442 sq. km) Languages English*, English patois Religions Anglican 45%, Other Protestant 42%,

Total area 33,436 sq. miles (86,600 sq. km) Languages Azeri*, Russian Religions Shi’a Muslim 68%, Sunni Muslim 26%,

Total area 80,154 sq. miles (207,600 sq. km) Languages Belarussian*, Russian* Religions Orthodox Christian 80%,

Total area 424,162 sq. miles (1,098,580 sq. km) Languages Aymara*, Quechua*, Spanish* Religions Roman Catholic 93%, Other 7% Ethnic mix Quechua 37%, Aymara 32%,

Central Asia

(48 people per sq km) Turkmen

Religions Sunni Muslim 80%, Shi’a Muslim 19%, Other 1%

Ethnic mix Pashtun 38%, Tajik 25%, Hazara 19%, Uzbek and Turkmen 15%, Other 3% Government Nonparty system Currency Afghani = 100 puls Literacy rate rate 32% Calorie consumption 2090 kilocalories

West Indies

(207 people per sq km)

Roman Catholic 10%, Other 2%, Rastafarian 1%

Ethnic mix Black African 95%, Other 5% Government Parliamentary system Currency East Caribbean dollar = 100 cents Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 2396 kilocalories

Southwest Asia

(110 people per sq km)

Russian Orthodox 3%, Armenian Apostolic Church (Orthodox) 2%, Other 1%

Ethnic mix Azeri 91%, Other 3%, Lazs 2%, Armenian

Eastern Europe

(45 people per sq km)

Roman Catholic 14%, Other 4%, Protestant 2%

Ethnic mix Belarussian 81%, Russian 11%, Polish 4%, Ukrainian 2%, Other 2%

2%, Russian 2% Government Presidential system Currency New manat = 100 gopik Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 2952 kilocalories

Government Presidential system Currency Belarussian rouble = 100 kopeks Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 3253 kilocalories

South America

(10 people per sq km)

Mixed race 13%, European 10%, Other 8%

Government Presidential system Currency Boliviano = 100 centavos Literacy rate 94% Calorie consumption 2254 kilocalories

ALBANIA

ARGENTINA

THE BAHAMAS

BELGIUM

BOSNIA & HERZEGOVINA

Official name Republic of Albania Formation 1912 / 1921 Capital Tirana Population 3.2 million / 302 people per sq mile

Official name Argentine Republic Formation 1816 / 1816 Capital Buenos Aires Population 41.8 million / 40 people per sq mile

Official name Commonwealth of The Bahamas Formation 1973 / 1973 Capital Nassau Population 400,000 / 103 people per sq mile

Official name Kingdom of Belgium Formation 1830 / 1919 Capital Brussels Population 11.1 million / 876 people per sq mile

Official name Bosnia and Herzegovina Formation 1992 / 1992 Capital Sarajevo Population 3.8 million / 192 people per sq mile

Total area 11,100 sq. miles (28,748 sq. km) Languages Albanian*, Greek Religions Sunni Muslim 70%, Albanian Orthodox

Total area 1,068,296 sq. miles (2,766,890 sq. km) Languages Spanish*, Italian,

Total area 5382 sq. miles (13,940 sq. km) Languages English*, English Creole, French Creole Religions Baptist 32%, Anglican 20%, Roman

Total area 11,780 sq. miles (30,510 sq. km) Languages Dutch*, French*, German* Religions Roman Catholic 88%, Other 10%,

Total area 19,741 sq. miles (51,129 sq. km) Languages Bosnian*, Serbian*, Croatian* Religions Muslim (mainly Sunni) 40%, Orthodox

Southeast Europe

(117 people per sq km)

South America

(15 people per sq km)

Amerindian languages

West Indies

(40 people per sq km)

Northwest Europe

(338 people per sq km)

Southeast Europe

(74 people per sq km)

20%, Roman Catholic 10% Ethnic mix Albanian 98%, Greek 1%, Other 1% Government Parliamentary system Currency Lek = 100 qindarka (qintars) Literacy rate 97% Calorie consumption 3023 kilocalories

Religions Roman Catholic 70%, Other 18%,

Protestant 9%, Muslim 2%, Jewish 1% Ethnic mix Indo-European 97%, Mestizo 2%, Amerindian 1% Government Presidential system Currency Argentine peso = 100 centavos Literacy rate 98% Calorie consumption 3155 kilocalories

Catholic 19%, Other 17%, Methodist 6%, Church of God 6% Ethnic mix Black African 85%, European 12%, Asian and Hispanic 3% Government Parliamentary system Currency Bahamian dollar = 100 cents Literacy rate 96% Calorie consumption 2575 kilocalories

ALGERIA

ARMENIA

BAHRAIN

BELIZE

BOTSWANA

Official name People’s Democratic Republic

Official name Republic of Armenia Formation 1991 / 1991 Capital Yerevan Population 3 million / 261 people per sq mile

Official name Kingdom of Bahrain Formation 1971 / 1971 Capital Manama Population 1.3 million / 4762 people per sq mile

Official name Belize Formation 1981 / 1981 Capital Belmopan Population 300,000 / 34 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Botswana Formation 1966 / 1966 Capital Gaborone Population 2 million / 9 people per sq mile

(17 people per sq km) Total area 919,590 sq. miles (2,381,740 sq. km) Languages Arabic*, Tamazight (Kabyle, Shawia, Tamashek), French Religions Sunni Muslim 99%, Christian and Jewish 1% Ethnic mix Arab 75%, Berber 24%, European and Jewish 1% Government Presidential system Currency Algerian dinar = 100 centimes Literacy rate 73% Calorie consumption 3296 kilocalories

Total area 11,506 sq. miles (29,800 sq. km) Languages Armenian*, Azeri, Russian Religions Armenian Apostolic Church

Total area 239 sq. miles (620 sq. km) Languages Arabic* Religions Muslim (mainly Shi’a) 99%, Other 1% Ethnic mix Bahraini 63%, Asian 19%,

Total area 8867 sq. miles (22,966 sq. km) Languages English Creole, Spanish, English*, Mayan,

Total area 231,803 sq. miles (600,370 sq. km) Languages Setswana, English*, Shona, San,

Religions Roman Catholic 62%, Other 13%,

Religions Christian (mainly Protestant) 70%,

ANDORRA

AUSTRALIA

BANGLADESH

BENIN

BRAZIL

Official name Principality of Andorra Formation 1278 / 1278 Capital Andorra la Vella Population 85,485 / 475 people per sq mile

Official name Commonwealth of Australia Formation 1901 / 1901 Capital Canberra Population 23.6 million / 8 people per sq mile

Official name People’s Republic of Bangladesh Formation 1971 / 1971 Capital Dhaka Population 159 million / 3066 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Benin Formation 1960 / 1960 Capital Porto-Novo Population 10.6 million / 248 people per sq mile

Official name Federative Republic of Brazil Formation 1822 / 1828 Capital Brasília Population 202 million / 62 people per sq mile

Total area 181 sq. miles (468 sq. km) Languages Spanish, Catalan*, French, Portuguese Religions Roman Catholic 94%, Other 6% Ethnic mix Spanish 46%, Andorran 28%,

Total area 2,967,893 sq. miles (7,686,850 sq. km) Languages English*, Italian, Cantonese, Greek,

Total area 55,598 sq. miles (144,000 sq. km) Languages Bengali*, Urdu, Chakma, Marma (Magh),

Total area 43,483 sq. miles (112,620 sq. km) Languages Fon, Bariba, Yoruba, Adja, Houeda,

Total area 3,286,470 sq. miles (8,511,965 sq. km) Languages Portuguese*, German, Italian, Spanish,

Religions Roman Catholic 26%, Nonreligious

Religions Muslim (mainly Sunni) 88%, Hindu 11%,

Religions Indigenous beliefs and Voodoo 50%,

Religions Roman Catholic 74%, Protestant 15%,

Ethnic mix Bengali 98%, Other 2% Government Parliamentary system Currency Taka = 100 poisha Literacy rate 59% Calorie consumption 2450 kilocalories

Ethnic mix Fon 41%, Other 21%, Adja 16%,

Ethnic mix White 54%, Mixed race 38%, Black 6%,

North Africa

of Algeria

Formation 1962 / 1962 Capital Algiers Population 39.9 million / 43 people per sq mile

Southwest Europe

(184 people per sq km)

Other 18%, French 8%

Government Parliamentary system Currency Euro = 100 cents Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption Not available

Southwest Asia

(101 people per sq km)

(Orthodox) 88%, Armenian Catholic Church 6%, Other 6% Ethnic mix Armenian 98%, Other 1%, Yezidi 1% Government Parliamentary system Currency Dram = 100 luma Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 2809 kilocalories

Australasia & Oceania

(3 people per sq km)

Arabic, Vietnamese, Aboriginal languages

19%, Anglican 19%, Other 17%, Other Christian 13%, United Church 6%

Ethnic mix European origin 50%, Australian

25.5%, other 19%, Asian 5%, Aboriginal 0.5% Government Parliamentary system Currency Australian dollar = 100 cents Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 3265 kilocalories

Southwest Asia

(1841 people per sq km)

Other Arab 10%, Iranian 8%

Government Mixed monarchical– parliamentary system

Currency Bahraini dinar = 1000 fils Literacy rate 95% Calorie consumption Not available

South Asia

(1184 people per sq km)

Garo, Khasi, Santhali, Tripuri, Mro

Other 1%

Muslim 2%

Ethnic mix Fleming 58%, Walloon 33%, Other 6%, Italian 2%, Moroccan 1%

Government Parliamentary system Currency Euro = 100 cents Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 3793 kilocalories

Central America

(13 people per sq km) Garifuna (Carib)

Anglican 12%, Methodist 6%, Mennonite 4%, Seventh-day Adventist 3% Ethnic mix Mestizo 49%, Creole 25%, Maya 11%, Garifuna 6%, Other 6%, Asian Indian 3% Government Parliamentary system Currency Belizean dollar = 100 cents Literacy rate 75% Calorie consumption 2751 kilocalories

West Africa

(96 people per sq km) Somba, French*

Christian 30%, Muslim 20%

Yoruba 12%, Bariba 10% Government Presidential system Currency CFA franc = 100 centimes Literacy rate 29% Calorie consumption 2594 kilocalories

Christian 31%, Roman Catholic 15%, Other 10%, Protestant 4% Ethnic mix Bosniak 48%, Serb 34%, Croat 16%, Other 2% Government Parliamentary system Currency Marka = 100 pfeninga Literacy rate 98% Calorie consumption 3130 kilocalories

Southern Africa

(4 people per sq km)

Khoikhoi, isiNdebele

Nonreligious 20%, Traditional beliefs 6%, Other (including Muslim) 4% Ethnic mix Tswana 79%, Kalanga 11%, Other 10% Government Presidential system Currency Pula = 100 thebe Literacy rate 87% Calorie consumption 2285 kilocalories

South America

(24 people per sq km)

Polish, Japanese, Amerindian languages

Atheist 7%, Other 3%, Afro-American Spiritist 1% Other 2%

Government Presidential system Currency Real = 100 centavos Literacy rate 91% Calorie consumption 3263 kilocalories

ANGOLA

AUSTRIA

BARBADOS

BHUTAN

BRUNEI

Official name Republic of Angola Formation 1975 / 1975 Capital Luanda Population 22.1 million / 46 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Austria Formation 1918 / 1919 Capital Vienna Population 8.5 million / 266 people per sq mile

Official name Barbados Formation 1966 / 1966 Capital Bridgetown Population 300,000 / 1807 people per sq mile

Official name Kingdom of Bhutan Formation 1656 / 1865 Capital Thimphu Population 800,000 / 44 people per sq mile

Official name Brunei Darussalam Formation 1984 / 1984 Capital Bandar Seri Begawan Population 400,000 / 197 people per sq mile

Total area 481,351 sq. miles (1,246,700 sq. km) Languages Portuguese*, Umbundu,

Total area 32,378 sq. miles (83,858 sq. km) Languages German*, Croatian, Slovenian,

Religions Roman Catholic 68%, Protestant 20%,

Religions Roman Catholic 78%, Nonreligious

Total area 166 sq. miles (430 sq. km) Languages Bajan (Barbadian English), English* Religions Anglican 40%, Other 24%, Nonreligious

Total area 18,147 sq. miles (47,000 sq. km) Languages Dzongkha*, Nepali, Assamese Religions Mahayana Buddhist 75%, Hindu 25% Ethnic mix Drukpa 50%, Nepalese 35%,

Total area 2228 sq. miles (5770 sq. km) Languages Malay*, English, Chinese Religions Muslim (mainly Sunni) 66%, Buddhist 14%,

Southern Africa

(18 people per sq km) Kimbundu, Kikongo

Indigenous beliefs 12% Ethnic mix Ovimbundu 37%, Kimbundu 25%, Other 25%, Bakongo 13% Government Presidential system Currency Readjusted kwanza = 100 lwei Literacy rate 71% Calorie consumption 2473 kilocalories

Central Europe

(103 people per sq km) Hungarian (Magyar)

9%, Other (including Jewish and Muslim) 8%, Protestant 5% Ethnic mix Austrian 93%, Croat, Slovene, and Hungarian 6%, Other 1% Government Parliamentary system Currency Euro = 100 cents Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 3784 kilocalories

West Indies

(698 people per sq km)

17%, Pentecostal 8%, Methodist 7%, Roman Catholic 4% Ethnic mix Black African 92%, White 3%, Other 3%, Mixed race 2% Government Parliamentary system Currency Barbados dollar = 100 cents Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 3047 kilocalories

South Asia

(17 people per sq km)

Other 15%

Government Mixed monarchical–

parliamentary system Currency Ngultrum = 100 chetrum Literacy rate 53% Calorie consumption Not available

Southeast Asia

(76 people per sq km)

Other 10%, Christian 10%

Ethnic mix Malay 67%, Chinese 16%, Other 11%, Indigenous 6%

Government Monarchy Currency Brunei dollar = 100 cents Literacy rate 95% Calorie consumption 2949 kilocalories

201

COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD

BULGARIA

CAPE VERDE

COMOROS

CYPRUS

EAST TIMOR

Official name Republic of Bulgaria Formation 1908 / 1947 Capital Sofia Population 7.2 million / 169 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Cape Verde Formation 1975 / 1975 Capital Praia Population 500,000 / 321 people per sq mile

Official name Union of the Comoros Formation 1975 / 1975 Capital Moroni Population 800,000 / 929 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Cyprus Formation 1960 / 1960 Capital Nicosia Population 1.2 million / 336 people per sq mile

Official name Democratic Republic of

Total area 42,822 sq. miles (110,910 sq. km) Languages Bulgarian*, Turkish, Romani Religions Bulgarian Orthodox 83%, Muslim 12%,

Total area 1557 sq. miles (4033 sq. km) Languages Portuguese Creole, Portuguese* Religions Roman Catholic 97%, Other 2%,

Total area 838 sq. miles (2170 sq. km) Languages Arabic*, Comoran*, French* Religions Muslim (mainly Sunni) 98%, Other 1%,

Total area 3571 sq. miles (9250 sq. km) Languages Greek*, Turkish* Religions Orthodox Christian 78%, Muslim 18%,

Ethnic mix Bulgarian 84%, Turkish 9%, Roma 5%,

Ethnic mix Mestiço 71%, African 28%, European 1% Government Mixed presidential–

Ethnic mix Comoran 97%, Other 3% Government Presidential system Currency Comoros franc = 100 centimes Literacy rate 76% Calorie consumption 2139 kilocalories

Ethnic mix Greek 81%, Turkish 11%, Other 8% Government Presidential system Currency Euro = 100 cents; (TRNC: new Turkish lira

Religions Roman Catholic 95%, Other (including

Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 2661 kilocalories

Government Parliamentary system Currency US dollar = 100 cents Literacy rate 58% Calorie consumption 2083 kilocalories

CONGO

CZECH REPUBLIC

ECUADOR

Official name Republic of the Congo Formation 1960 / 1960 Capital Brazzaville Population 4.6 million / 35 people per sq mile

Official name Czech Republic Formation 1993 / 1993 Capital Prague Population 10.7 million / 351 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Ecuador Formation 1830 / 1942 Capital Quito Population 16 million / 150 people per sq mile

Total area 132,046 sq. miles (342,000 sq. km) Languages Kongo, Teke, Lingala, French* Religions Traditional beliefs 50%, Roman Catholic

Total area 30,450 sq. miles (78,866 sq. km) Languages Czech*, Slovak, Hungarian (Magyar) Religions Roman Catholic 39%, Atheist 38%,

Total area 109,483 sq. miles (283,560 sq. km) Languages Spanish*, Quechua, other Amerindian

Southeast Europe

(65 people per sq km)

Other 4%, Roman Catholic 1% Other 2%

Government Parliamentary system Currency Lev = 100 stotinki Literacy rate 98% Calorie consumption 2877 kilocalories

BURKINA FASO West Africa

Official name Burkina Faso Formation 1960 / 1960 Capital Ouagadougou Population 17.4 million / 165 people per sq mile (64 people per sq km)

Total area 105,869 sq. miles (274,200 sq. km) Languages Mossi, Fulani, French*, Tuare g, Dyula, Songhai

Religions Muslim 55%, Christian 25%, Traditional beliefs 20%

Ethnic mix Mossi 48%, Other 21%, Peul 10%, Lobi 7%, Bobo 7%, Mandé 7%

Government Transitional regime Currency CFA franc = 100 centimes Literacy rate 29% Calorie consumption 2720 kilocalories

Atlantic Ocean

(124 people per sq km)

Protestant (Church of the Nazarene) 1%

parliamentary system Currency Escudo = 100 centavos Literacy rate 85% Calorie consumption 2716 kilocalories

CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC Central Africa

Official name Central African Republic Formation 1960 / 1960 Capital Bangui Population 4.7 million / 20 people per sq mile

(8 people per sq km) Total area 240,534 sq. miles (622,984 sq. km) Languages Sango, Banda, Gbaya, French* Religions Traditional beliefs 35%, Roman Catholic 25%, Protestant 25%, Muslim 15% Ethnic mix Baya 33%, Banda 27%, Other 17%, Mandjia 13%, Sara 10% Government Transitional regime Currency CFA franc = 100 centimes Literacy rate 37% Calorie consumption 2154 kilocalories

Indian Ocean

(359 people per sq km)

Roman Catholic 1%

Central Africa

(13 people per sq km)

35%, Protestant 13%, Muslim 2% Ethnic mix Bakongo 51%, Teke 17%, Other 16%, Mbochi 11%, Mbédé 5% Government Presidential system Currency CFA franc = 100 centimes Literacy rate 79% Calorie consumption 2195 kilocalories

Southeast Europe

(130 people per sq km)

Other 4%

= 100 kurus)

Central Europe

(136 people per sq km)

Southeast Asia

Timor-Leste

Formation 2002 / 2002 Capital Dili Population 1.2 million / 213 people per sq mile (82 people per sq km)

Total area 5756 sq. miles (14,874 sq. km) Languages Tetum (Portuguese/Austronesian)*, Bahasa Indonesia, Portuguese*

Muslim and Protestant) 5%

Ethnic mix Papuan groups approx 85%, Indonesian approx 13%, Chinese 2%

South America

(58 people per sq km) languages

Other 18%, Protestant 3%, Hussite 2% Ethnic mix Czech 90%, Moravian 4%, Other 4%, Slovak 2% Government Parliamentary system Currency Czech koruna = 100 haleru Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 3292 kilocalories

Religions Roman Catholic 95%, Protestant, Jewish, and other 5%

Ethnic mix Mestizo 77%, White 11%, Amerindian 7%, Black African 5%

Government Presidential system Currency US dollar = 100 cents Literacy rate 93% Calorie consumption 2477 kilocalories

CHAD

CONGO, DEM. REP.

DENMARK

EGYPT

Official name Republic of Chad Formation 1960 / 1960 Capital N’Djaména Population 13.2 million / 27 people per sq mile

Official name Democratic Republic of the Congo Formation 1960 / 1960 Capital Kinshasa Population 69.4 million / 79 people per sq mile

Official name Kingdom of Denmark Formation 950 / 1944 Capital Copenhagen Population 5.6 million / 342 people per sq mile

Official name Arab Republic of Egypt Formation 1936 / 1982 Capital Cairo Population 83.4 million / 217 people per sq mile

(409 people per sq km) Total area 10,745 sq. miles (27,830 sq. km) Languages Kirundi*, French*, Kiswahili Religions Roman Catholic 62%, Traditional beliefs 23%, Muslim 10%, Protestant 5% Ethnic mix Hutu 85%, Tutsi 14%, Twa 1% Government Presidential system Currency Burundian franc = 100 centimes Literacy rate 87% Calorie consumption 1604 kilocalories

Total area 495,752 sq. miles (1,284,000 sq. km) Languages French*, Sara, Arabic*, Maba Religions Muslim 51%, Christian 35%, Animist 7%,

Total area 905,563 sq. miles (2,345,410 sq. km) Languages Kiswahili, Tshiluba, Kikongo, Lingala,

Traditional beliefs 7% Ethnic mix Other 30%, Sara 28%, Mayo-Kebbi 12%, Arab 12%, Ouaddai 9%, Kanem-Bornou 9% Government Presidential system Currency CFA franc = 100 centimes Literacy rate 37% Calorie consumption 2110 kilocalories

Religions Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 20%,

Total area 16,639 sq. miles (43,094 sq. km) Languages Danish* Religions Evangelical Lutheran 95%,

Total area 386,660 sq. miles (1,001,450 sq. km) Languages Arabic*, French, English, Berber Religions Muslim (mainly Sunni) 90%, Coptic

Traditional beliefs and other 10%, Muslim 10%, Kimbanguist 10% Ethnic mix Other 55%, Mongo, Luba, Kongo, and Mangbetu-Azande 45% Government Presidential system Currency Congolese franc = 100 centimes Literacy rate 61% Calorie consumption 1585 kilocalories

Ethnic mix Danish 96%, Other (including

Ethnic mix Egyptian 99%, Nubian, Armenian,

CAMBODIA

CHILE

COSTA RICA

DJIBOUTI

EL SALVADOR

Official name Kingdom of Cambodia Formation 1953 / 1953 Capital Phnom Penh Population 15.4 million / 226 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Chile Formation 1818 / 1883 Capital Santiago Population 17.8 million / 62 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Costa Rica Formation 1838 / 1838 Capital San José Population 4.9 million / 249 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Djibouti Formation 1977 / 1977 Capital Djibouti Population 900,000 / 101 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of El Salvador Formation 1841 / 1841 Capital San Salvador Population 6.4 million / 800 people per sq mile

Total area 69,900 sq. miles (181,040 sq. km) Languages Khmer*, French, Chinese,

Total area 292,258 sq. miles (756,950 sq. km) Languages Spanish*, Amerindian languages Religions Roman Catholic 89%, Other and

Total area 19,730 sq. miles (51,100 sq. km) Languages Spanish*, English Creole, Bribri, Cabecar Religions Roman Catholic 71%, Evangelical 14%,

Total area 8124 sq. miles (21,040 sq. km) Languages Spanish* Religions Roman Catholic 80%, Evangelical 18%,

Ethnic mix Mestizo and European 90%,

Ethnic mix Mestizo and European 94%, Black 3%,

Government Parliamentary system Currency Riel = 100 sen Literacy rate 74% Calorie consumption 2411 kilocalories

Government Presidential system Currency Chilean peso = 100 centavos Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 2989 kilocalories

Government Presidential system Currency Costa Rican colón = 100 céntimos Literacy rate 97% Calorie consumption 2898 kilocalories

Total area 8494 sq. miles (22,000 sq. km) Languages Somali, Afar, French*, Arabic* Religions Muslim (mainly Sunni) 94%, Christian 6% Ethnic mix Issa 60%, Afar 35%, Other 5% Government Presidential system Currency Djibouti franc = 100 centimes Literacy rate 70% Calorie consumption 2526 kilocalories

CAMEROON

CHINA

CROATIA

DOMINICA

EQUATORIAL GUINEA

Official name Republic of Cameroon Formation 1960 / 1961 Capital Yaoundé Population 22.8 million / 127 people per sq mile

Official name People’s Republic of China Formation 960 / 1999 Capital Beijing Population 1.39 billion / 387 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Croatia Formation 1991 / 1991 Capital Zagreb Population 4.3 million / 197 people per sq mile

Official name Commonwealth of Dominica Formation 1978 / 1978 Capital Roseau Population 73,449 / 253 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Equatorial Guinea Formation 1968 / 1968 Capital Malabo Population 800,000 / 74 people per sq mile

Total area 183,567 sq. miles (475,400 sq. km) Languages Bamileke, Fang, Fulani, French*, English* Religions Roman Catholic 35%, Traditional beliefs

Total area 3,705,386 sq. miles (9,596,960 sq. km) Languages Mandarin*, Wu, Cantonese, Hsiang,

Total area 21,831 sq. miles (56,542 sq. km) Languages Croatian* Religions Roman Catholic 88%, Other 7%,

Total area 291 sq. miles (754 sq. km) Languages French Creole, English* Religions Roman Catholic 77%, Protestant 15%,

Total area 10,830 sq. miles (28,051 sq. km) Languages Spanish*, Fang, Bubi, French* Religions Roman Catholic 90%, Other 10% Ethnic mix Fang 85%, Other 11%, Bubi 4% Government Presidential system Currency CFA franc = 100 centimes Literacy rate 94% Calorie consumption Not available

BURUNDI

Central Africa

Official name Republic of Burundi Formation 1962 / 1962 Capital Bujumbura Population 10.5 million / 1060 people per sq mile

Southeast Asia

(87 people per sq km) Vietnamese, Cham

Religions Buddhist 93%, Muslim 6%, Christian 1% Ethnic mix Khmer 90%, Vietnamese 5%, Other 4%, Chinese 1%

Central Africa

(49 people per sq km)

Central Africa

(10 people per sq km)

South America

(24 people per sq km)

nonreligious 11%

Other Amerindian 9%, Mapuche 1%

East Asia

(149 people per sq km) Min, Hakka, Kan

Central Africa

(31 people per sq km) French*

Central America

(96 people per sq km)

Nonreligious 11%, Other 4%

Other 1%, Chinese 1%, Amerindian 1%

Southeast Europe

(76 people per sq km)

Northern Europe

(132 people per sq km)

Roman Catholic 3%, Muslim 2%

Scandinavian and Turkish) 3%, Faeroese and Inuit 1% Government Parliamentary system Currency Danish krone = 100 øre Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 3363 kilocalories

East Africa

(39 people per sq km)

West Indies

(98 people per sq km)

North Africa

(84 people per sq km)

Christian and other 9%, Other Christian 1% Greek, and Berber 1%

Government Transitional regime Currency Egyptian pound = 100 piastres Literacy rate 74% Calorie consumption 3557 kilocalories

Central America

(309 people per sq km)

Other 2%

Ethnic mix Mestizo 90%, White 9%, Amerindian 1% Government Presidential system Currency Salvadorean colón = 100 centavos; and US dollar = 100 cents

Literacy rate 86% Calorie consumption 2513 kilocalories

Central Africa

(29 people per sq km)

25%, Muslim 22%, Protestant 18% Ethnic mix Cameroon highlanders 31%, Other 21%, Equatorial Bantu 19%, Kirdi 11%, Fulani 10%, Northwestern Bantu 8% Government Presidential system Currency CFA franc = 100 centimes Literacy rate 71% Calorie consumption 2586 kilocalories

Religions Nonreligious 59%, Traditional beliefs

20%, Other 13%, Buddhist 6%, Muslim 2% Ethnic mix Han 92%, Other 4%, Hui 1%, Miao 1%, Manchu 1%, Zhuang 1% Government One-party state Currency Renminbi (known as yuan) = 10 jiao = 100 fen Literacy rate 95% Calorie consumption 3108 kilocalories

Ethnic mix Croat 90%, Other 5%, Serb 5% Government Parliamentary system Currency Kuna = 100 lipa Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 3052 kilocalories

Ethnic mix Black 87%, Mixed race 9%,

CANADA

COLOMBIA

CUBA

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

ERITREA

Official name Canada Formation 1867 / 1949 Capital Ottawa Population 35.5 million / 10 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Colombia Formation 1819 / 1903 Capital Bogotá Population 48.9 million / 122 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Cuba Formation 1902 / 1902 Capital Havana Population 11.3 million / 264 people per sq mile

Official name Dominican Republic Formation 1865 / 1865 Capital Santo Domingo Population 10.5 million / 562people per sq mile

Official name State of Eritrea Formation 1993 / 2002 Capital Asmara Population 6.5 million / 143 people per sq mile

Total area 3,855,171 sq. miles (9,984,670 sq. km) Languages English*, French*, Chinese, Italian,

Total area 439,733 sq. miles (1,138,910 sq. km) Languages Spanish*, Wayuu, Páez, and other Religions Roman Catholic 95%, Other 5% Ethnic mix Mestizo 58%, White 20%, European–

Total area 18,679 sq. miles (48,380 sq. km) Languages Spanish*, French Creole Religions Roman Catholic 95%,

Total area 46,842 sq. miles (121,320 sq. km) Languages Tigrinya*, English*, Tigre, Afar, Arabic*,

Religions Roman Catholic 44%, Protestant 29%,

Total area 42,803 sq. miles (110,860 sq. km) Languages Spanish* Religions Nonreligious 49%, Roman Catholic 40%,

North America

(4 people per sq km)

German, Ukrainian, Portuguese, Inuktitut, Cree

Other and nonreligious 27%

Ethnic mix European origin 66%, other 27%, Asian 5%, Amerindian 2%

Government Parliamentary system Currency Canadian dollar = 100 cents Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 3419 kilocalories

202

South America

(47 people per sq km)

Amerindian languages

African 14%, African 4%, African–Amerindian 3%, Amerindian 1%

Government Presidential system Currency Colombian peso = 100 centavos Literacy rate 94% Calorie consumption 2804 kilocalories

Orthodox Christian 4%, Muslim 1%

West Indies

(102 people per sq km)

Atheist 6%, Other 4%, Protestant 1% Ethnic mix Mulatto (mixed race) 51%, White 37%, Black 11%, Chinese 1% Government One-party state Currency Cuban peso = 100 centavos Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 3277 kilocalories

Other 8%

Carib 3%, Other 1%

Government Parliamentary system Currency East Caribbean dollar = 100 cents Literacy rate 88% Calorie consumption 3047 kilocalories

West Indies

(217 people per sq km)

Other and nonreligious 5% Ethnic mix Mixed race 73%, European 16%, Black African 11% Government Presidential system Currency Dominican Republic peso = 100 centavos Literacy rate 91% Calorie consumption 2614 kilocalories

East Africa

(55 people per sq km)

Saho, Bilen, Kunama, Nara, Hadareb

Religions Christian 50%, Muslim 48%, Other 2% Ethnic mix Tigray 50%, Tigre 31%, Other 9%, Afar 5%, Saho 5%

Government Mixed presidential–

parliamentary system Currency Nakfa = 100 cents Literacy rate 70% Calorie consumption 1640 kilocalories

COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD

ESTONIA

GAMBIA

GUATEMALA

HUNGARY

IRELAND

Official name Republic of Estonia Formation 1991 / 1991 Capital Tallinn Population 1.3 million / 75 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of the Gambia Formation 1965 / 1965 Capital Banjul Population 1.9 million / 492 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Guatemala Formation 1838 / 1838 Capital Guatemala City Population 15.9 million / 380 people per sq mile

Official name Hungary Formation 1918 / 1947 Capital Budapest Population 9.9 million / 278 people per sq mile

Official name Ireland Formation 1922 / 1922 Capital Dublin Population 4.7 million / 177 people per sq mile

Total area 17,462 sq. miles (45,226 sq. km) Languages Estonian*, Russian Religions Evangelical Lutheran 56%,

Total area 4363 sq. miles (11,300 sq. km) Languages Mandinka, Fulani, Wolof, Jola,

Total area 42,042 sq. miles (108,890 sq. km) Languages Quiché, Mam, Cakchiquel,

Religions Sunni Muslim 90%, Christian 8%,

Total area 27,135 sq. miles (70,280 sq. km) Languages English*, Irish* Religions Roman Catholic 87%, Other and

Ethnic mix Estonian 69%, Russian 25%,

Other 4%, Ukrainian 2% Government Parliamentary system Currency Euro = 100 cents Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 3214 kilocalories

Traditional beliefs 2% Ethnic mix Mandinka 42%, Fulani 18%, Wolof 16%, Jola 10%, Serahuli 9%, Other 5% Government Presidential system Currency Dalasi = 100 butut Literacy rate 52% Calorie consumption 2849 kilocalories

Religions Roman Catholic 65%, Protestant 33%,

Total area 35,919 sq. miles (93,030 sq. km) Languages Hungarian (Magyar)* Religions Roman Catholic 52%, Calvinist 16%,

Other and nonreligious 2% Ethnic mix Amerindian 60%, Mestizo 30%, Other 10% Government Presidential system Currency Quetzal = 100 centavos Literacy rate 78% Calorie consumption 2419 kilocalories

Ethnic mix Magyar 90%, Roma 4%, German 3%,

Ethnic mix Irish 99%, Other 1% Government Parliamentary system Currency Euro = 100 cents Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 3591 kilocalories

ETHIOPIA

GEORGIA

GUINEA

ICELAND

ISRAEL

Official name Federal Democratic Republic

Official name Georgia Formation 1991 / 1991 Capital Tbilisi Population 4.3 million / 160 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Guinea Formation 1958 / 1958 Capital Conakry Population 12 million / 126 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Iceland Formation 1944 / 1944 Capital Reykjavík Population 300,000 / 8 people per sq mile

Official name State of Israel Formation 1948 / 1994 Capital Jerusalem (not internationally recognized) Population 7.8 million / 994 people per sq mile

(87 people per sq km) Total area 435,184 sq. miles (1,127,127 sq. km) Languages Amharic*, Tigrinya, Galla, Sidamo, Somali, English, Arabic Religions Orthodox Christian 40%, Muslim 40%, Traditional beliefs 15%, Other 5% Ethnic mix Oromo 40%, Amhara 25%, Other 13%, Sidama 9%, Tigray 7%, Somali 6% Government Parliamentary system Currency Birr = 100 cents Literacy rate 39% Calorie consumption 2131 kilocalories

Total area 26,911 sq. miles (69,700 sq. km) Languages Georgian*, Russian, Azeri, Armenian,

Total area 94,925 sq. miles (245,857 sq. km) Languages Pulaar, Malinké, Soussou, French* Religions Muslim 85%, Christian 8%,

Total area 39,768 sq. miles (103,000 sq. km) Languages Icelandic* Religions Evangelical Lutheran 84%, Other (mostly

Total area 8019 sq. miles (20,770 sq. km) Languages Hebrew*, Arabic*, Yiddish, German,

FIJI

GERMANY

Official name Republic of Fiji Formation 1970 / 1970 Capital Suva Population 900,000 / 128 people per sq mile Total area 7054 sq. miles (18,270 sq. km) Languages Fijian, English*, Hindi, Urdu,

Northeast Europe

(29 people per sq km)

Orthodox Christian 25%, Other 19%

East Africa

of Ethiopia

Formation 1896 / 2002 Capital Addis Ababa Population 96.5 million / 225 people per sq mile

West Africa

(190 people per sq km) Soninke, English*

Southwest Asia

(62 people per sq km)

Mingrelian, Ossetian, Abkhazian* (in Abkhazia)

(147 people per sq km) Kekchí, Spanish*

West Africa

(49 people per sq km)

Central Europe

(107 people per sq km)

Other 15%, Nonreligious 14%, Lutheran 3%

Serb 2%, Other 1% Government Parliamentary system Currency Forint = 100 fillér Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 2968 kilocalories

Northwest Europe

(3 people per sq km)

Northwest Europe

(68 people per sq km)

nonreligious 10%, Anglican 3%

Southwest Asia

(384 people per sq km)

Russian, Polish, Romanian, Persian

Christian) 10%, Roman Catholic 3%, Nonreligious 3% Ethnic mix Icelandic 94%, Other 5%, Danish 1% Government Parliamentary system Currency Icelandic króna = 100 aurar Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 3339 kilocalories

Religions Jewish 76%, Muslim (mainly Sunni) 16%,

GUINEA-BISSAU

INDIA

ITALY

Official name Federal Republic of Germany Formation 1871 / 1990 Capital Berlin Population 82.7 million / 613 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Guinea-Bissau Formation 1974 / 1974 Capital Bissau Population 1.7 million / 157 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of India Formation 1947 / 1947 Capital New Delhi Population 1.27 billion / 1104 people per sq mile

Official name Italian Republic Formation 1861 / 1947 Capital Rome Population 61.1 million / 538 people per sq mile

Total area 137,846 sq. miles (357,021 sq. km) Languages German*, Turkish Religions Protestant 34%, Roman Catholic 33%,

Total area 13,946 sq. miles (36,120 sq. km) Languages Portuguese Creole, Balante, Fulani,

Total area 1,269,339 sq. miles (3,287,590 sq. km) Languages Hindi*, English*, Urdu, Bengali, Marathi,

Total area 116,305 sq. miles (301,230 sq. km) Languages Italian*, German, French,

Religions Traditional beliefs 50%, Muslim 40%,

Religions Hindu 81%, Muslim 13%, Christian 2%,

Religions Roman Catholic 85%, Other and

Ethnic mix Melanesian 51%, Indian 44%, Other 5% Government Parliamentary system Currency Fiji dollar = 100 cents Literacy rate 94% Calorie consumption 2930 kilocalories

Other 30%, Muslim 3% Ethnic mix German 92%, Other European 3%, Other 3%, Turkish 2% Government Parliamentary system Currency Euro = 100 cents Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 3539 kilocalories

Ethnic mix Balante 30%, Fulani 20%, Other 16%,

Ethnic mix Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25%,

Government Presidential system Currency CFA franc = 100 centimes Literacy rate 57% Calorie consumption 2304 kilocalories

Government Parliamentary system Currency Indian rupee = 100 paise Literacy rate 63% Calorie consumption 2459 kilocalories

Ethnic mix Italian 94%, Other 4%, Sardinian 2% Government Parliamentary system Currency Euro = 100 cents Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 3539 kilocalories

FINLAND

GHANA

GUYANA

INDONESIA

IVORY COAST

Official name Republic of Finland Formation 1917 / 1947 Capital Helsinki Population 5.4 million / 46 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Ghana Formation 1957 / 1957 Capital Accra Population 26.4 million / 297 people per sq mile

Official name Cooperative Republic of Guyana Formation 1966 / 1966 Capital Georgetown Population 800,000 / 11 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Indonesia Formation 1949 / 1999 Capital Jakarta Population 253 million / 364 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Côte d’Ivoire Formation 1960 / 1960 Capital Yamoussoukro Population 20.8 million / 169 people per sq mile

Total area 130,127 sq. miles (337,030 sq. km) Languages Finnish*, Swedish*, Sámi Religions Evangelical Lutheran 83%, Other 15%,

Total area 92,100 sq. miles (238,540 sq. km) Languages Twi, Fanti, Ewe, Ga, Adangbe, Gurma,

Total area 83,000 sq. miles (214,970 sq. km) Languages English Creole, Hindi, Tamil, Amerindian

Total area 741,096 sq. miles (1,919,440 sq. km) Languages Javanese, Sundanese, Madurese,

Orthodox Christian 1%, Roman Catholic 1% Ethnic mix Finnish 93%, Other (including Sámi) 7% Government Parliamentary system Currency Euro = 100 cents Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 3285 kilocalories

Religions Christian 69%, Muslim 16%,

Religions Christian 57%, Hindu 28%,

Religions Sunni Muslim 86%, Protestant 6%, Roman

Total area 124,502 sq. miles (322,460 sq. km) Languages Akan, French*, Krou, Voltaïque Religions Muslim 38%, Traditional beliefs 25%,

FRANCE

GREECE

Official name French Republic Formation 987 / 1919 Capital Paris Population 64.6 million / 304 people per sq mile Total area 211,208 sq. miles (547,030 sq. km) Languages French*, Provençal, German, Breton,

Australasia & Oceania

(49 people per sq km) Tamil, Telugu

Religions Hindu 38%, Methodist 37%,

Roman Catholic 9%, Muslim 8%, Other 8%

Northern Europe

(18 people per sq km)

Western Europe

(117 people per sq km) Catalan, Basque

Religions Roman Catholic 88%, Muslim 8%,

Protestant 2%, Buddhist 1%, Jewish 1% Ethnic mix French 90%, North African (mainly Algerian) 6%, German (Alsace) 2%, Breton 1%, Other (including Corsicans) 1% Government Mixed presidential– parliamentary system Currency Euro = 100 cents Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 3524 kilocalories

Religions Georgian Orthodox 74%, Muslim 10%,

Central America

Russian Orthodox 10%, Armenian Apostolic Church (Orthodox) 4%, Other 2% Ethnic mix Georgian 84%, Azeri 6%, Armenian 6%, Russian 2%, Ossetian 1%, Other 1% Government Presidential system Currency Lari = 100 tetri Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 2731 kilocalories

Northern Europe

(237 people per sq km)

West Africa

(115 people per sq km)

Dagomba (Dagbani), English*

Traditional beliefs 9%, Other 6% Ethnic mix Akan 49%, Mole-Dagbani 17%, Ewe 13%, Other 9%, Ga and Ga-Adangbe 8%, Guan 4% Government Presidential system Currency Cedi = 100 pesewas Literacy rate 72% Calorie consumption 3003 kilocalories

Traditional beliefs 7% Ethnic mix Peul 40%, Malinké 30%, Soussou 20%, Other 10% Government Presidential system Currency Guinea franc = 100 centimes Literacy rate 25% Calorie consumption 2553 kilocalories

West Africa

(60 people per sq km) Malinké, Portuguese*

Christian 10%

Mandyako 14%, Mandinka 13%, Papel 7%

South America

(4 people per sq km) languages, English*

(426 people per sq km)

Telugu, Tamil, Bihari, Gujarati, Kanarese

Sikh 2%, Buddhist 1%, Other 1% Mongoloid and other 3%

Southeast Asia

(141 people per sq km)

Bahasa Indonesia*, Dutch

Southern Europe

(208 people per sq km)

Rhaeto-Romanic, Sardinian

nonreligious 13%, Muslim 2%

West Africa

(65 people per sq km)

Roman Catholic 25%, Other 6%, Protestant 6%

Catholic 3%, Hindu 2%, Other 2%, Buddhist 1% Ethnic mix Javanese 41%, Other 29%, Sundanese 15%, Coastal Malays 12%, Madurese 3% Government Presidential system Currency Rupiah = 100 sen Literacy rate 93% Calorie consumption 2777 kilocalories

Ethnic mix Akan 42%, Voltaïque 18%, Mandé du

HAITI

IRAN

JAMAICA

Official name Hellenic Republic Formation 1829 / 1947 Capital Athens Population 11.1 million / 220 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Haiti Formation 1804 / 1844 Capital Port-au-Prince Population 10.5 million / 987 people per sq mile

Official name Islamic Republic of Iran Formation 1502 / 1990 Capital Tehran Population 78.5 million / 124 people per sq mile

Official name Jamaica Formation 1962 / 1962 Capital Kingston Population 2.8 million / 670 people per sq mile

Total area 50,942 sq. miles (131,940 sq. km) Languages Greek*, Turkish, Macedonian, Albanian Religions Orthodox Christian 98%,

Total area 10,714 sq. miles (27,750 sq. km) Languages French Creole*, French* Religions Roman Catholic 55%, Protestant 28%,

Total area 636,293 sq. miles (1,648,000 sq. km) Languages Farsi*, Azeri, Luri, Gilaki, Mazanderani,

Total area 4243 sq. miles (10,990 sq. km) Languages English Creole, English* Religions Other and nonreligious 45%,

Southeast Europe

(85 people per sq km)

Muslim 1%, Other 1% Ethnic mix Greek 98%, Other 2% Government Parliamentary system Currency Euro = 100 cents Literacy rate 97% Calorie consumption 3433 kilocalories

Muslim 10%, Other 5% Ethnic mix East Indian 43%, Black African 30%, Mixed race 17%, Amerindian 9%, Other 1% Government Presidential system Currency Guyanese dollar = 100 cents Literacy rate 85% Calorie consumption 2648 kilocalories

South Asia

Other 4%, Druze 2%, Christian 2%

Ethnic mix Jewish 76%, Arab 20%, Other 4% Government Parliamentary system Currency Shekel = 100 agorot Literacy rate 98% Calorie consumption 3619 kilocalories

West Indies

(381 people per sq km)

Southwest Asia

(48 people per sq km)

Kurdish, Turkmen, Arabic, Baluchi

Other (including Voodoo) 16%, Nonreligious 1% Ethnic mix Black African 95%, Mulatto (mixed race) and European 5% Government Presidential system Currency Gourde = 100 centimes Literacy rate 49% Calorie consumption 2091 kilocalories

Religions Shi’a Muslim 89%, Sunni Muslim 9%, Other 2% Ethnic mix Persian 51%, Azari 24%, Other 10%, Lur and Bakhtiari 8%, Kurdish 7% Government Islamic theocracy Currency Iranian rial = 100 dinars Literacy rate 84% Calorie consumption 3058 kilocalories

Nord 17%, Krou 11%, Mandé du Sud 10%, Other 2%

Government Presidential system Currency CFA franc = 100 centimes Literacy rate 41% Calorie consumption 2799 kilocalories

West Indies

(259 people per sq km)

Other Protestant 20%, Church of God 18%, Baptist 10%, Anglican 7%

Ethnic mix Black 91%, Mulatto (mixed race) 7%, European and Chinese 1%, East Indian 1%

Government Parliamentary system Currency Jamaican dollar = 100 cents Literacy rate 88% Calorie consumption 2746 kilocalories

GABON

GRENADA

HONDURAS

IRAQ

JAPAN

Official name Gabonese Republic Formation 1960 / 1960 Capital Libreville Population 1.7 million / 17 people per sq mile

Official name Grenada Formation 1974 / 1974 Capital St. George’s Population 110,152 / 841 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Honduras Formation 1838 / 1838 Capital Tegucigalpa Population 8.3 million / 192 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Iraq Formation 1932 / 1990 Capital Baghdad Population 34.8 million / 206 people per sq mile

Official name Japan Formation 1590 / 1972 Capital Tokyo Population 127 million / 874 people per sq mile

Total area 103,346 sq. miles (267,667 sq. km) Languages Fang, French*, Punu, Sira, Nzebi,

Total area 131 sq. miles (340 sq. km) Languages English*, English Creole Religions Roman Catholic 68%, Anglican 17%,

Total area 43,278 sq. miles (112,090 sq. km) Languages Spanish*, Garífuna (Carib), English

Total area 168,753 sq. miles (437,072 sq. km) Languages Arabic*, Kurdish*, Turkic languages,

Religions Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant 3% Ethnic mix Mestizo 90%, Black African 5%,

Religions Shi’a Muslim 60%, Sunni Muslim 35%,

Total area 145,882 sq. miles (377,835 sq. km) Languages Japanese*, Korean, Chinese Religions Shinto and Buddhist 76%, Buddhist 16%,

Central Africa

(7 people per sq km) Mpongwe

Religions Christian (mainly Roman Catholic) 55%, Traditional beliefs 40%, Other 4%, Muslim 1% Ethnic mix Fang 26%, Shira-punu 24%, Other 16%, Foreign residents 15%, Nzabi-duma 11%, Mbédé-Teke 8% Government Presidential system Currency CFA franc = 100 centimes Literacy rate 82% Calorie consumption 2781 kilocalories

West Indies

(324 people per sq km)

Other 15% Ethnic mix Black African 82%, Mulatto (mixed race) 13%, East Indian 3%, Other 2% Government Parliamentary system Currency East Caribbean dollar = 100 cents Literacy rate 96% Calorie consumption 2453 kilocalories

Central America

(74 people per sq km) Creole

Amerindian 4%, White 1%

Government Presidential system Currency Lempira = 100 centavos Literacy rate 85% Calorie consumption 2651 kilocalories

Southwest Asia

(80 people per sq km) Armenian, Assyrian

Other (including Christian) 5% Ethnic mix Arab 80%, Kurdish 15%, Turkmen 3%, Other 2% Government Parliamentary system Currency New Iraqi dinar = 1000 fils Literacy rate 79% Calorie consumption 2489 kilocalories

East Asia

(337 people per sq km)

Other (including Christian) 8%

Ethnic mix Japanese 99%, Other (mainly Korean) 1% Government Parliamentary system Currency Yen = 100 sen Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 2719 kilocalories

203

COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD

JORDAN

KYRGYZSTAN

LIBYA

MALAWI

MAURITANIA

Official name Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Formation 1946 / 1967 Capital Amman Population 7.5 million / 218 people per sq mile

Official name Kyrgyz Republic Formation 1991 / 1991 Capital Bishkek Population 5.6 million / 73 people per sq mile

Official name State of Libya Formation 1951 / 1951 Capital Tripoli Population 6.3 million / 9 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Malawi Formation 1964 / 1964 Capital Lilongwe Population 16.8 million / 463 people per sq mile

Official name Islamic Republic of Mauritania Formation 1960 / 1960 Capital Nouakchott Population 4 million / 10 people per sq mile

Total area 35,637 sq. miles (92,300 sq. km) Languages Arabic* Religions Sunni Muslim 92%, Christian 6%,

Total area 76,641 sq. miles (198,500 sq. km) Languages Kyrgyz*, Russian*, Uzbek,

Total area 45,745 sq. miles (118,480 sq. km) Languages Chewa, Lomwe, Yao, Ngoni, English* Religions Protestant 55%, Roman Catholic 20%,

Total area 397,953 sq. miles (1,030,700 sq. km) Languages Arabic*, Hassaniyah Arabic,

Ethnic mix Arab 98%, Circassian 1%, Armenian 1% Government Monarchy Currency Jordanian dinar = 1000 fils Literacy rate 98% Calorie consumption 3149 kilocalories

Orthodox Christian 30% Ethnic mix Kyrgyz 69%, Uzbek 14%, Russian 9%, Other 6%, Dungan 1%, Uighur 1% Government Presidential system Currency Som = 100 tyiyn Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 2828 kilocalories

Total area 679,358 sq. miles (1,759,540 sq. km) Languages Arabic*, Tuareg Religions Muslim (mainly Sunni) 97%, Other 3% Ethnic mix Arab and Berber 97%, Other 3% Government Transitional regime Currency Libyan dinar = 1000 dirhams Literacy rate 90% Calorie consumption 3211 kilocalories

KAZAKHSTAN

LAOS

LIECHTENSTEIN

MALAYSIA

MAURITIUS

Official name Republic of Kazakhstan Formation 1991 / 1991 Capital Astana Population 16.6 million / 16 people per sq mile

Official name Lao People’s Democratic Republic Formation 1953 / 1953 Capital Vientiane Population 6.9 million / 77 people per sq mile

Official name Principality of Liechtenstein Formation 1719 / 1719 Capital Vaduz Population 37,313 / 602 people per sq mile

Official name Malaysia Formation 1963 / 1965 Capital Kuala Lumpur; Putrajaya (administrative) Population 30.2 million / 238 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Mauritius Formation 1968 / 1968 Capital Port Louis Population 1.2 million / 1671 people per sq mile

Total area 1,049,150 sq. miles (2,717,300 sq. km) Languages Kazakh*, Russian, Ukrainian, German,

Total area 91,428 sq. miles (236,800 sq. km) Languages Lao*, Mon-Khmer, Yao, Vietnamese,

Total area 127,316 sq. miles (329,750 sq. km) Languages Bahasa Malaysia*, Malay, Chinese,

Total area 718 sq. miles (1860 sq. km) Languages French Creole, Hindi, Urdu, Tamil,

Religions Muslim (mainly Sunni) 47%, Orthodox

Religions Buddhist 65%, Other (including animist)

Total area 62 sq. miles (160 sq. km) Languages German*, Alemannish dialect, Italian Religions Roman Catholic 79%, Other 13%,

Religions Muslim (mainly Sunni) 61%, Buddhist 19%,

Religions Hindu 48%, Roman Catholic 24%,

Ethnic mix Kazakh 57%, Russian 27%, Other 8%,

Ethnic mix Lao Loum 66%, Lao Theung 30%,

Ethnic mix Malay 53%, Chinese 26%, Indigenous

Ethnic mix Indo-Mauritian 68%, Creole 27%,

Government Presidential system Currency Tenge = 100 tiyn Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 3107 kilocalories

Government One-party state Currency Kip = 100 at Literacy rate 73% Calorie consumption 2356 kilocalories

Protestant 8% Ethnic mix Liechtensteiner 66%, Other 12%, Swiss 10%, Austrian 6%, German 3%, Italian 3% Government Parliamentary system Currency Swiss franc = 100 rappen/centimes Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption Not available

Government Parliamentary system Currency Ringgit = 100 sen Literacy rate 93% Calorie consumption 2855 kilocalories

Government Parliamentary system Currency Mauritian rupee = 100 cents Literacy rate 89% Calorie consumption 3055 kilocalories

KENYA

LATVIA

LITHUANIA

MALDIVES

MEXICO

Official name Republic of Kenya Formation 1963 / 1963 Capital Nairobi Population 45.5 million / 208 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Latvia Formation 1991 / 1991 Capital Riga Population 2 million / 80 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Lithuania Formation 1991 / 1991 Capital Vilnius Population 3 million / 119 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Maldives Formation 1965 / 1965 Capital Male’ Population 400,000 / 3448 people per sq mile

Official name United Mexican States Formation 1836 / 1848 Capital Mexico City Population 124 million / 168 people per sq mile

Total area 224,961 sq. miles (582,650 sq. km) Languages Kiswahili*, English*, Kikuyu, Luo,

Total area 24,938 sq. miles (64,589 sq. km) Languages Latvian*, Russian Religions Other 43%, Lutheran 24%, Roman

Total area 25,174 sq. miles (65,200 sq. km) Languages Lithuanian*, Russian Religions Roman Catholic 77%, Other 17%,

Total area 116 sq. miles (300 sq. km) Languages Dhivehi (Maldivian), Sinhala, Tamil,

Total area 761,602 sq. miles (1,972,550 sq. km) Languages Spanish*, Nahuatl, Mayan, Zapotec,

Russian Orthodox 4%, Protestant 1%, Old believers 1% Ethnic mix Lithuanian 85%, Polish 7%, Russian 6%, Belarussian 1%, Other 1% Government Parliamentary system Currency Euro = 100 cents Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 3463 kilocalories

Religions Sunni Muslim 100% Ethnic mix Arab–Sinhalese–Malay 100% Government Presidential system Currency Rufiyaa = 100 laari Literacy rate 98% Calorie consumption 2722 kilocalories

Religions Roman Catholic 77%, Other 14%,

Southwest Asia

(84 people per sq km)

Other 2%

Central Asia

(6 people per sq km) Uzbek, Tatar, Uighur

Christian 44%, Other 7%, Protestant 2% Uzbek 3%, Ukrainian 3%, German 2%

East Africa

(80 people per sq km) Kalenjin, Kamba

Religions Christian 80%, Muslim 10%, Traditional beliefs 9%, Other 1%

Ethnic mix Other 28%, Kikuyu 22%, Luo 14%, Luhya 14%, Kalenjin 11%, Kamba 11%

Government Presidential system Currency Kenya shilling = 100 cents Literacy rate 72% Calorie consumption 2206 kilocalories

Central Asia

(28 people per sq km) Tatar, Ukrainian

Religions Muslim (mainly Sunni) 70%,

Southeast Asia

(30 people per sq km) Chinese, French

34%, Christian 1%

Lao Soung 2%, Other 2%

Northeast Europe

(31 people per sq km)

Catholic 18%, O rthodox Christian 15% Ethnic mix Latvian 62%, Russian 27%, Other 4%, Belarussian 3%, Ukrainian 2%, Polish 2% Government Parliamentary system Currency Euro = 100 cents Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 3293 kilocalories

North Africa

(4 people per sq km)

Central Europe

(233 people per sq km)

Northeast Europe

(46 people per sq km)

Southern Africa

(179 people per sq km)

Muslim 20%, Traditional beliefs 5%

Ethnic mix Bantu 99%, Other 1% Government Presidential system Currency Malawi kwacha = 100 tambala Literacy rate 61% Calorie consumption 2334 kilocalories

Southeast Asia

(92 people per sq km) Tamil, English

Christian 9%, Hindu 6%, Other 5% tribes 12%, Indian 8%, Other 1%

Indian Ocean

(1333 people per sq km) Arabic

West Africa

(4 people per sq km) Wolof, French

Religions Sunni Muslim 100% Ethnic mix Maure 81%, Wolof 7%, Tukolor 5%, Other 4%, Soninka 3%

Government Presidential system Currency Ouguiya = 5 khoums Literacy rate 46% Calorie consumption 2791 kilocalories

Indian Ocean

(645 people per sq km)

Chinese, English*, French

Muslim 17%, Protestant 9%, Other 2%

Sino-Mauritian 3%, Franco-Mauritian 2%

North America

(65 people per sq km)

Mixtec, Otomi, Totonac, Tzotzil, Tzeltal

Protestant 6%, Nonreligious 3%

Ethnic mix Mestizo 60%, Amerindian 30%, European 9%, Other 1%

Government Presidential system Currency Mexican peso = 100 centavos Literacy rate 94% Calorie consumption 3072 kilocalories

KIRIBATI

LEBANON

LUXEMBOURG

MALI

MICRONESIA

Official name Republic of Kiribati Formation 1979 / 1979 Capital Tarawa Atoll Population 104,488 / 381 people per sq mile

Official name Lebanese Republic Formation 1941 / 1941 Capital Beirut Population 5 million / 1266 people per sq mile

Official name Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Formation 1867 / 1867 Capital Luxembourg-Ville Population 500,000 / 501 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Mali Formation 1960 / 1960 Capital Bamako Population 15.8 million / 34 people per sq mile

Official name Federated States of Micronesia Formation 1986 / 1986 Capital Palikir (Pohnpei Island) Population 105,681 / 390 people per sq mile

Total area 277 sq. miles (717 sq. km) Languages English*, Kiribati Religions Roman Catholic 55%, Kiribati Protestant

Total area 4015 sq. miles (10,400 sq. km) Languages Arabic*, French, Armenian, Assyrian Religions Muslim 60%, Christian 39%, Other 1% Ethnic mix Arab 95%, Armenian 4%, Other 1% Government Parliamentary system Currency Lebanese pound = 100 piastres Literacy rate 90% Calorie consumption 3181 kilocalories

Total area 998 sq. miles (2586 sq. km) Languages Luxembourgish*, German*, French* Religions Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant,

Total area 478,764 sq. miles (1,240,000 sq. km) Languages Bambara, Fulani, Senufo, Soninke,

Total area 271 sq. miles (702 sq. km) Languages Trukese, Pohnpeian, Kosraean,

Orthodox Christian, and Jewish 3% Ethnic mix Luxembourger 62%, Foreign residents 38% Government Parliamentary system Currency Euro = 100 cents Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 3568 kilocalories

Religions Muslim (mainly Sunni) 90%, Traditional

Religions Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 47%,

Ethnic mix Bambara 52%, Other 14%, Fulani 11%,

Ethnic mix Chuukese 49%, Pohnpeian 24%,

Government Presidential system Currency CFA franc = 100 centimes Literacy rate 34% Calorie consumption 2833 kilocalories

Government Nonparty system Currency US dollar = 100 cents Literacy rate 81% Calorie consumption Not available

KOSOVO (not yet recognised)

LESOTHO

MACEDONIA

MALTA

MOLDOVA

Official name Republic of Kosovo Formation 2008 / 2008 Capital Pristina Population 1.9 million / 451 people per sq mile

Official name Kingdom of Lesotho Formation 1966 / 1966 Capital Maseru Population 2.1 million / 179 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Macedonia Formation 1991 / 1991 Capital Skopje Population 2.1 million / 212 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Malta Formation 1964 / 1964 Capital Valletta Population 400,000 / 3226 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Moldova Formation 1991 / 1991 Capital Chisinau Population 3.5 million / 269 people per sq mile

Total area 4212 sq. miles (10,908 sq. km) Languages Albanian*, Serbian*, Bosniak, Gorani,

Total area 11,720 sq. miles (30,355 sq. km) Languages English*, Sesotho*, isiZulu Religions Christian 90%, Traditional beliefs 10% Ethnic mix Sotho 99%, European and Asian 1% Government Parliamentary system Currency Loti = 100 lisente; and South African

Total area 9781 sq. miles (25,333 sq. km) Languages Macedonian*, Albanian*, Turkish,

Total area 122 sq. miles (316 sq. km) Languages Maltese*, English* Religions Roman Catholic 98%,

Total area 13,067 sq. miles (33,843 sq. km) Languages Moldovan*, Ukrainian, Russian Religions Orthodox Christian 93%, Other 6%,

Roman Catholic 4%, Other 2% Ethnic mix Macedonian 64%, Albanian 25%, Turkish 4%, Roma 3%, Serb 2%, Other 2% Government Mixed presidential– parliamentary system Currency Macedonian denar = 100 deni Literacy rate 98% Calorie consumption 2923 kilocalories

Ethnic mix Maltese 96%, Other 4% Government Parliamentary system Currency Euro = 100 cents Literacy rate 92% Calorie consumption 3389 kilocalories

Ethnic mix Moldovan 84%, Ukrainian 7%,

Australasia & Oceania

(147 people per sq km)

Church 36%, Other 9% Ethnic mix Micronesian 99%, Other 1% Government Presidential system Currency Australian dollar = 100 cents Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 3022 kilocalories

Southeast Europe

(174 people per sq km) Roma, Turkish

Religions Muslim 92%, Roman Catholic 4%,

Orthodox Christian 4% Ethnic mix Albanian 92%, Serb 4%, Bosniak and Gorani 2%, Turkish 1%, Roma 1% Government Parliamentary system Currency Euro = 100 cents Literacy rate 92% Calorie consumption Not available

Southwest Asia

(489 people per sq km)

Southern Africa

(69 people per sq km)

rand = 100 cents Literacy rate 76%

Calorie consumption 2595 kilocalories

Northwest Europe

(193 people per sq km)

Southeast Europe

(82 people per sq km) Romani, Serbian

Religions Orthodox Christian 65%, Muslim 29%,

West Africa

(13 people per sq km) French*

beliefs 6%, Christian 4%

Saracolé 7%, Soninka 7%, Tuareg 5%, Mianka 4%

Southern Europe

(1250 people per sq km)

Other and nonreligious 2%

Australasia & Oceania

(151 people per sq km) Yapese, English*

Other 3%

Other 14%, Kosraean 6%, Yapese 5%, Asian 2%

Southeast Europe

(104 people per sq km)

Baptist 1%

Gagauz 5%, Russian 2%, Bulgarian 1%, Other 1%

Government Parliamentary system Currency Moldovan leu = 100 bani Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 2837 kilocalories

KUWAIT

LIBERIA

MADAGASCAR

MARSHALL ISLANDS

MONACO

Official name State of Kuwait Formation 1961 / 1961 Capital Kuwait City Population 3.5 million / 509 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Liberia Formation 1847 / 1847 Capital Monrovia Population 4.4 million / 118 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Madagascar Formation 1960 / 1960 Capital Antananarivo Population 23.6 million / 105 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of the Marshall Islands Formation 1986 / 1986 Capital Majuro Population 70,983 / 1014 people per sq mile

Official name Principality of Monaco Formation 1861 / 1861 Capital Monaco-Ville Population 36,950 / 49,267 people per sq mile

Total area 6880 sq. miles (17,820 sq. km) Languages Arabic*, English Religions Sunni Muslim 45%, Shi’a Muslim 40%,

Total area 43,000 sq. miles (111,370 sq. km) Languages Kpelle, Vai, Bassa, Kru, Grebo, Kissi,

Total area 226,656 sq. miles (587,040 sq. km) Languages Malagasy*, French*, English* Religions Traditional beliefs 52%, Christian (mainly

Total area 70 sq. miles (181 sq. km) Languages Marshallese*, English*,

Total area 0.75 sq. miles (1.95 sq. km) Languages French*, Italian, Monégasque, English Religions Roman Catholic 89%, Protestant 6%,

Southwest Asia

(196 people per sq km)

Christian, Hindu, and other 15% Ethnic mix Kuwaiti 45%, Other Arab 35%, South Asian 9%, Other 7%, Iranian 4% Government Monarchy Currency Kuwaiti dinar = 1000 fils Literacy rate 96% Calorie consumption 3471 kilocalories

204

West Africa

(46 people per sq km) Gola, Loma, English*

Religions Christian 40%, Traditional beliefs 40%, Muslim 20% Ethnic mix Indigenous tribes (12 groups) 49%, Kpellé 20%, Bassa 16%, Gio 8%, Krou 7% Government Presidential system Currency Liberian dollar = 100 cents Literacy rate 43% Calorie consumption 2251 kilocalories

Indian Ocean

(41 people per sq km)

Roman Catholic) 41%, Muslim 7% Ethnic mix Other Malay 46%, Merina 26%, Betsimisaraka 15%, Betsileo 12%, Other 1% Government Mixed presidential– parliamentary system Currency Ariary = 5 iraimbilanja Literacy rate 64% Calorie consumption 2052 kilocalories

Australasia & Oceania

(392 people per sq km) Japanese, German

Religions Protestant 90%, Roman Catholic 8%, Other 2% Ethnic mix Micronesian 90%, Other 10% Government Presidential system Currency US dollar = 100 cents Literacy rate 91% Calorie consumption Not available

Southern Europe

(18,949 people per sq km)

Other 5%

Ethnic mix French 47%, Other 21%, Italian 16%, Monégasque 16%

Government Mixed monarchical–

parliamentary system Currency Euro = 100 cents Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption Not available

COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD

MONGOLIA

NAURU

NIGERIA

PANAMA

PORTUGAL

Official name Mongolia Formation 1924 / 1924 Capital Ulan Bator Population 2.9 million / 5 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Nauru Formation 1968 / 1968 Capital None Population 9488 / 1171 people per sq mile

Official name Federal Republic of Nigeria Formation 1960 / 1961 Capital Abuja Population 179 million / 508 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Panama Formation 1903 / 1903 Capital Panama City Population 3.9 million / 133 people per sq mile

Official name Portuguese Republic Formation 1139 / 1640 Capital Lisbon Population 10.6 million / 299 people per sq mile

Total area 604,247 sq. miles (1,565,000 sq. km) Languages Khalkha Mongolian, Kazakh,

Total area 8.1 sq. miles (21 sq. km) Languages Nauruan*, Kiribati, Chinese,

Total area 30,193 sq. miles (78,200 sq. km) Languages English Creole, Spanish*, Amerindian

Religions Tibetan Buddhist 50%, Nonreligious 40%,

Religions Nauruan Congregational Church 60%,

Total area 356,667 sq. miles (923,768 sq. km) Languages Hausa, English*, Yoruba, Ibo Religions Muslim 50%, Christian 40%,

Total area 35,672 sq. miles (92,391 sq. km) Languages Portuguese* Religions Roman Catholic 92%, Protestant 4%,

East Asia

(2 people per sq km) Chinese, Russian

Shamanist and Christian 6%, Muslim 4% Ethnic mix Khalkh 95%, Kazakh 4%, Other 1% Government Mixed presidential– parliamentary system Currency Tugrik (tögrög) = 100 möngö Literacy rate 98% Calorie consumption 2463 kilocalories

Australasia & Oceania

(452 people per sq km) Tuvaluan, English

West Africa

(196 people per sq km)

Traditional beliefs 10%

Central America

(51 people per sq km)

languages, Chibchan languages

Religions Roman Catholic 84%, Protestant 15%,

(115 people per sq km)

Nonreligious 3%, Other 1%

Roman Catholic 35%, Other 5% Ethnic mix Nauruan 93%, Chinese 5%, European 1%, Other Pacific islanders 1% Government Nonparty system Currency Australian dollar = 100 cents Literacy rate 95% Calorie consumption Not available

Ethnic mix Other 29%, Hausa 21%, Yoruba 21%, Ibo 18%, Fulani 11% Government Presidential system Currency Naira = 100 kobo Literacy rate 51% Calorie consumption 2700 kilocalories

Ethnic mix Mestizo 70%, Black 14%, White 10%,

MONTENEGRO

NEPAL

NORTH KOREA

PAPUA NEW GUINEA

QATAR

Official name Montenegro Formation 2006 / 2006 Capital Podgorica Population 600,000 / 113 people per sq mile

Official name Federal Democratic

Official name Democratic People’s Republic

Official name Independent State of

Formation 1769 / 1769 Capital Kathmandu Population 28.1 million / 532 people per sq mile

Formation 1975 / 1975 Capital Port Moresby Population 7.5 million / 43 people per sq mile

Total area 5332 sq. miles (13,812 sq. km) Languages Montenegrin*, Serbian, Albanian,

Government Parliamentary system Currency Euro = 100 cents Literacy rate 98% Calorie consumption 3568 kilocalories

(205 people per sq km) Total area 54,363 sq. miles (140,800 sq. km) Languages Nepali*, Maithili, Bhojpuri Religions Hindu 81%, Buddhist 11%, Muslim 4%, Other (including Christian) 4% Ethnic mix Other 52%, Chhetri 16%, Hill Brahman 13%, Tharu 7%, Magar 7%, Tamang 5% Government Transitional regime Currency Nepalese rupee = 100 paisa Literacy rate 57% Calorie consumption 2673 kilocalories

Formation 1948 / 1953 Capital Pyongyang Population 25 million / 538 people per sq mile

Official name State of Qatar Formation 1971 / 1971 Capital Doha Population 2.3 million / 542 people per sq mile

MOROCCO

NETHERLANDS

Official name Kingdom of Morocco Formation 1956 / 1969 Capital Rabat Population 35.5 million / 194 people per sq mile Total area 172,316 sq. miles (446,300 sq. km) Languages Arabic*, Tamazight (Berber),

Southeast Europe

(43 people per sq km) Bosniak, Croatian

Religions Orthodox Christian 74%, Muslim 18%, Roman Catholic 4%, Other 4%

Ethnic mix Montenegrin 43%, Serb 32%, Other 12%, Bosniak 8%, Albanian 5%

North Africa

(75 people per sq km) French, Spanish

Religions Muslim (mainly Sunni) 99%,

South Asia

Republic of Nepal

East Asia

of Korea

Official name Kingdom of the Netherlands Formation 1648 / 1839 Capital Amsterdam; The Hague (administrative) Population 16.8 million / 1283 people per sq mile

Official name Kingdom of Norway Formation 1905 / 1905 Capital Oslo Population 5.1 million / 43 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Paraguay Formation 1811 / 1938 Capital Asunción Population 6.9 million / 45 people per sq mile

Official name Romania Formation 1878 / 1947 Capital Bucharest Population 21.6 million / 243 people per sq mile

Total area 16,033 sq. miles (41,526 sq. km) Languages Dutch*, Frisian Religions Roman Catholic 36%, Other 34%,

Total area 125,181 sq. miles (324,220 sq. km) Languages Norwegian* (Bokmål “book language”

Total area 157,046 sq. miles (406,750 sq. km) Languages Guaraní*, Spanish*, German Religions Roman Catholic 90%, Protestant

Total area 91,699 sq. miles (237,500 sq. km) Languages Romanian*, Hungarian (Magyar),

(495 people per sq km)

(17 people per sq km)

and Nynorsk “new Norsk”), Sámi

Official name Republic of Mozambique Formation 1975 / 1975 Capital Maputo Population 26.5 million / 88 people per sq mile Total area 309,494 sq. miles (801,590 sq. km) Languages Makua, Xitsonga, Sena, Lomwe,

(34 people per sq km) Portuguese*

Religions Traditional beliefs 56%, Christian 30%,

(209 people per sq km)

ROMANIA

NEW ZEALAND

Southern Africa

Papua New Guinea

Southwest Asia

PARAGUAY

Northern Europe

MOZAMBIQUE

parliamentary system

Currency Moroccan dirham = 100 centimes Literacy rate 67% Calorie consumption 3334 kilocalories

Australasia & Oceania

NORWAY

Religions Evangelical Lutheran 88%, Other and

Other (mostly Christian) 1%

= 100 cents

Literacy rate 94% Calorie consumption 2733 kilocalories

Total area 4416 sq. miles (11,437 sq. km) Languages Arabic* Religions Muslim (mainly Sunni) 95%, Other 5% Ethnic mix Qatari 20%, Indian 20%, Other Arab

Protestant 27%, Muslim 3% Ethnic mix Dutch 82%, Other 12%, Surinamese 2%, Turkish 2%, Moroccan 2% Government Parliamentary system Currency Euro = 100 cents Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 3147 kilocalories

Ethnic mix Arab 70%, Berber 29%, European 1% Government Mixed monarchical–

Amerindian 6%

Government Presidential system Currency Balboa = 100 centésimos; and US dollar

Ethnic mix Portuguese 98%, African and other 2% Government Parliamentary system Currency Euro = 100 cents Literacy rate 94% Calorie consumption 3456 kilocalories

(17 people per sq km) Total area 178,703 sq. miles (462,840 sq. km) Languages Pidgin English, Papuan, English*, Motu, 800 (est.) native languages Religions Protestant 60%, Roman Catholic 37%, Other 3% Ethnic mix Melanesian and mixed race 100% Government Parliamentary system Currency Kina = 100 toea Literacy rate 63% Calorie consumption 2193 kilocalories

Northwest Europe

(208 people per sq km) Total area 46,540 sq. miles (120,540 sq. km) Languages Korean* Religions Atheist 100% Ethnic mix Korean 100% Government One-party state Currency North Korean won = 100 chon Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 2094 kilocalories

Other 1%

Southwest Europe

South America

(17 people per sq km)

20%, Nepalese 13%, Filipino 10%, Other 10%, Pakistani 7% Government Monarchy Currency Qatar riyal = 100 dirhams Literacy rate 97% Calorie consumption Not available

Southeast Europe

(94 people per sq km) Romani, German

(including Mennonite) 10% Ethnic mix Mestizo 91%, Other 7%, Amerindian 2% Government Presidential system Currency Guaraní = 100 céntimos Literacy rate 94% Calorie consumption 2589 kilocalories

Religions Romanian Orthodox 87%, Protestant 5%,

OMAN

PERU

RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Official name New Zealand Formation 1947 / 1947 Capital Wellington Population 4.6 million / 44 people per sq mile

Official name Sultanate of Oman Formation 1951 / 1951 Capital Muscat Population 3.9 million / 48 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Peru Formation 1824 / 1941 Capital Lima Population 30.8 million / 62 people per sq mile

Official name Russian Federation Formation 1480 / 1991 Capital Moscow Population 143 million / 22 people per sq mile

Total area 103,737 sq. miles (268,680 sq. km) Languages English*, Maori* Religions Anglican 24%, Other 22%, Presbyterian

Total area 82,031 sq. miles (212,460 sq. km) Languages Arabic*, Baluchi, Farsi, Hindi, Punjabi Religions Ibadi Muslim 75%, Other Muslim and

Total area 496,223 sq. miles (1,285,200 sq. km) Languages Spanish*, Quechua*, Aymara Religions Roman Catholic 81%, Other 19% Ethnic mix Amerindian 45%, Mestizo 37%,

Total area 6,592,735 sq. miles (17,075,200 sq. km) Languages Russian*, Tatar, Ukrainian, Chavash,

Government Presidential system Currency New sol = 100 céntimos Literacy rate 94% Calorie consumption 2700 kilocalories

Ethnic mix Russian 80%, Other 12%, Tatar 4%,

Australasia & Oceania

(17 people per sq km)

nonreligious 8%, Muslim 2%, Pentecostal 1%, Roman Catholic 1% Ethnic mix Norwegian 93%, Other 6%, Sámi 1% Government Parliamentary system Currency Norwegian krone = 100 øre Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 3484 kilocalories

Southwest Asia

(18 people per sq km)

(24 people per sq km)

Europe / Asia

(8 people per sq km)

various other national languages

Religions Orthodox Christian 75%, Muslim 14%,

Government Presidential system Currency New metical = 100 centavos Literacy rate 51% Calorie consumption 2283 kilocalories

18%, Nonreligious 16%, Roman Catholic 15%, Methodist 5% Ethnic mix European 75%, Maori 15%, Other 7%, Samoan 3% Government Parliamentary system Currency New Zealand dollar = 100 cents Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 3170 kilocalories

MYANMAR (BURMA)

NICARAGUA

PAKISTAN

PHILIPPINES

RWANDA

Official name Republic of the Union of Myanmar Formation 1948 / 1948 Capital Nay Pyi Taw Population 53.7 million / 212 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Nicaragua Formation 1838 / 1838 Capital Managua Population 6.2 million / 135 people per sq mile

Official name Islamic Republic of Pakistan Formation 1947 / 1971 Capital Islamabad Population 185 million / 622 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of the Philippines Formation 1946 / 1946 Capital Manila Population 100 million / 870 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Rwanda Formation 1962 / 1962 Capital Kigali Population 12.1 million / 1256 people per sq mile

Total area 261,969 sq. miles (678,500 sq. km) Languages Myanmar (Burmese)*, Shan, Karen,

Total area 49,998 sq. miles (129,494 sq. km) Languages Spanish*, English Creole, Miskito Religions Roman Catholic 80%, Protestant

Total area 310,401 sq. miles (803,940 sq. km) Languages Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashtu, Urdu*,

Total area 115,830 sq. miles (300,000 sq. km) Languages Filipino*, English*, Tagalog, Cebuano,

Total area 10,169 sq. miles (26,338 sq. km) Languages Kinyarwanda*, French*,

Evangelical 17%, Other 3% Ethnic mix Mestizo 69%, White 17%, Black 9%, Amerindian 5% Government Presidential system Currency Córdoba oro = 100 centavos Literacy rate 78% Calorie consumption 2564 kilocalories

Religions Sunni Muslim 77%, Shi’a Muslim 20%,

Religions Roman Catholic 81%, Protestant 9%,

Religions Christian 94%, Muslim 5%,

NAMIBIA

NIGER

PALAU

POLAND

ST KITTS & NEVIS

Official name Republic of Namibia Formation 1990 / 1994 Capital Windhoek Population 2.3 million / 7 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Niger Formation 1960 / 1960 Capital Niamey Population 18.5 million / 38 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Palau Formation 1994 / 1994 Capital Ngerulmud Population 21,186 / 108 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Poland Formation 1918 / 1945 Capital Warsaw Population 38.2 million / 325 people per sq mile

Official name Federation of Saint Christopher

Total area 318,694 sq. miles (825,418 sq. km) Languages Ovambo, Kavango, English*, Bergdama,

Total area 489,188 sq. miles (1,267,000 sq. km) Languages Hausa, Djerma, Fulani, Tuareg, Teda,

Total area 177 sq. miles (458 sq. km) Languages Palauan*, English*, Japanese, Angaur,

Religions Christian 90%, Traditional beliefs 10% Ethnic mix Ovambo 50%, Other tribes 22%,

Religions Muslim 99%, Other (including

Religions Christian 66%, Modekngei 34% Ethnic mix Palauan 74%, Filipino 16%, Other 6%,

Total area 120,728 sq. miles (312,685 sq. km) Languages Polish* Religions Roman Catholic 93%, Other and

Muslim 14%

Ethnic mix Makua Lomwe 47%, Tsonga 23%, Malawi 12%, Shona 11%, Yao 4%, Other 3%

Southeast Asia

(82 people per sq km)

Rakhine, Chin, Yangbye, Kachin, Mon

Religions Buddhist 89%, Christian 4%, Muslim 4%, Other 2%, Animist 1% Ethnic mix Burman (Bamah) 68%, Other 12%, Shan 9%, Karen 7%, Rakhine 4% Government Presidential system Currency Kyat = 100 pyas Literacy rate 93% Calorie consumption 2571 kilocalories

Southern Africa

(3 people per sq km) German, Afrikaans

Kavango 9%, Damara 7%, Herero 7%, Other 5%

Government Presidential system Currency Namibian dollar = 100 cents; and South African rand = 100 cents

Literacy rate 76% Calorie consumption 2086 kilocalories

Central America

(52 people per sq km)

West Africa

(15 people per sq km) French*

Christian) 1% Ethnic mix Hausa 53%, Djerma and Songhai 21%, Tuareg 11%, Fulani 7%, Kanuri 6%, Other 2% Government Presidential system Currency CFA franc = 100 centimes Literacy rate 16% Calorie consumption 2546 kilocalories

Hindu 25% Ethnic mix Arab 88%, Baluchi 4%, Persian 3%, Indian and Pakistani 3%, African 2% Government Monarchy Currency Omani rial = 1000 baisa Literacy rate 87% Calorie consumption 3143 kilocalories

South America

Roman Catholic 5%, Greek Orthodox 1%, Greek Catholic (Uniate) 1%, Other 1% Ethnic mix Romanian 89%, Magyar 7%, Roma 3%, Other 1% Government Presidential system Currency New Romanian leu = 100 bani Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 3363 kilocalories

South Asia

(240 people per sq km)

Baluchi, Brahui

Hindu 2%, Christian 1% Ethnic mix Punjabi 56%, Pathan (Pashtun) 15%, Sindhi 14%, Mohajir 7%, Baluchi 4%, Other 4% Government Parliamentary system Currency Pakistani rupee = 100 paisa Literacy rate 55% Calorie consumption 2440 kilocalories

Australasia & Oceania

(42 people per sq km) Tobi, Sonsorolese

Chinese and other Asian 4%

Government Nonparty system Currency US dollar = 100 cents Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption Not available

White 15%, Other 3%

Southeast Asia

(336 people per sq km)

Ilocano, Hiligaynon, many other local languages

Muslim 5%, Other (including Buddhist) 5% Ethnic mix Other 34%, Tagalog 28%, Cebuano 13%, Ilocano 9%, Hiligaynon 8%, Bisaya 8% Government Presidential system Currency Philippine peso = 100 centavos Literacy rate 95% Calorie consumption 2570 kilocalories

Northern Europe

(125 people per sq km)

nonreligious 5%, Orthodox Christian 2%

Ethnic mix Polish 98%, Other 2% Government Parliamentary system Currency Zloty = 100 groszy Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 3485 kilocalories

Other 11%

Ukrainian 2%, Bashkir 1%, Chavash 1%

Government Mixed Presidential–

Parliamentary system Currency Russian rouble = 100 kopeks Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 3358 kilocalories

Central Africa

(485 people per sq km) Kiswahili, English*

Traditional beliefs 1% Ethnic mix Hutu 85%, Tutsi 14%, Other (including Twa) 1% Government Presidential system Currency Rwanda franc = 100 centimes Literacy rate 66% Calorie consumption 2148 kilocalories

West Indies

and Nevis

Formation 1983 / 1983 Capital Basseterre Population 51,538 / 371 people per sq mile (143 people per sq km)

Total area 101 sq. miles (261 sq. km) Languages English*, English Creole Religions Anglican 33%, Methodist 29%,

Other 22%, Moravian 9%, Roman Catholic 7%

Ethnic mix Black 95%, Mixed race 3%, White 1%, Other and Amerindian 1%

Government Parliamentary system Currency East Caribbean dollar = 100 cents Literacy rate 98% Calorie consumption 2507 kilocalories

205

COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD

ST LUCIA

SENEGAL

SLOVENIA

SPAIN

SWITZERLAND

Official name Saint Lucia Formation 1979 / 1979 Capital Castries Population 200,000 / 847 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Senegal Formation 1960 / 1960 Capital Dakar Population 14.5 million / 195 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Slovenia Formation 1991 / 1991 Capital Ljubljana Population 2.1 million / 269 people per sq mile

Official name Kingdom of Spain Formation 1492 / 1713 Capital Madrid Population 47.1 million / 244 people per sq mile

Official name Swiss Confederation Formation 1291 / 1857 Capital Bern Population 8.2 million / 534 people per sq mile

Total area 239 sq. miles (620 sq. km) Languages English*, French Creole Religions Roman Catholic 90%, Other 10% Ethnic mix Black 83%, Mulatto (mixed race) 13%,

Total area 75,749 sq. miles (196,190 sq. km) Languages Wolof, Pulaar, Serer, Diola, Mandinka,

Total area 7820 sq. miles (20,253 sq. km) Languages Slovenian* Religions Roman Catholic 58%, Other 28%, Atheist

Total area 194,896 sq. miles (504,782 sq. km) Languages Spanish*, Catalan*, Galician*, Basque* Religions Roman Catholic 96%, Other 4% Ethnic mix Castilian Spanish 72%, Catalan 17%,

Total area 15,942 sq. miles (41,290 sq. km) Languages German*, Swiss-German, French*,

Galician 6%, Basque 2%, Other 2%, Roma 1% Government Parliamentary system Currency Euro = 100 cents Literacy rate 98% Calorie consumption 3183 kilocalories

Other and nonreligious 19%, Muslim 4% Ethnic mix German 64%, French 20%, Other 9.5%, Italian 6%, Romansch 0.5% Government Parliamentary system Currency Swiss franc = 100 rappen/centimes Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 3487 kilocalories

West Indies

(328 people per sq km)

West Africa

(75 people per sq km)

Malinké, Soninké, French*

Religions Sunni Muslim 95%, Christian (mainly

Central Europe

(104 people per sq km)

10%, Orthodox Christian 2%, Muslim 2%

Southwest Europe

(94 people per sq km)

Central Europe

(206 people per sq km) Italian*, Romansch

Religions Roman Catholic 42%, Protestant 35%,

Asian 3%, Other 1% Government Parliamentary system Currency East Caribbean dollar = 100 cents Literacy rate 95% Calorie consumption 2629 kilocalories

Roman Catholic) 4%, Traditional beliefs 1% Ethnic mix Wolof 43%, Serer 15%, Peul 14%, Other 14%, Toucouleur 9%, Diola 5% Government Presidential system Currency CFA franc = 100 centimes Literacy rate 52% Calorie consumption 2426 kilocalories

Ethnic mix Slovene 83%, Other 12%, Serb 2%,

ST VINCENT & THE GRENADINES

SERBIA

SOLOMON ISLANDS

SRI LANKA

SYRIA

Official name Republic of Serbia Formation 2006 / 2008 Capital Belgrade Population 9.5 million / 318 people per sq mile

Official name Solomon Islands Formation 1978 / 1978 Capital Honiara Population 600,000 / 56 people per sq mile

Official name Democratic Socialist Republic of

Official name Syrian Arab Republic Formation 1941 / 1967 Capital Damascus Population 22 million / 310 people per sq mile

Total area 29,905 sq. miles (77,453 sq. km) Languages Serbian*, Hungarian (Magyar) Religions Orthodox Christian 85%,

Total area 10,985 sq. miles (28,450 sq. km) Languages English*, Pidgin English, Melanesian

(331 people per sq km) Total area 25,332 sq. miles (65,610 sq. km) Languages Sinhala*, Tamil*, Sinhala-Tamil, English Religions Buddhist 69%, Hindu 15%, Muslim 8%, Christian 8% Ethnic mix Sinhalese 74%, Tamil 18%, Moor 7%, Other 1% Government Mixed presidential– parliamentary system Currency Sri Lanka rupee = 100 cents Literacy rate 91% Calorie consumption 2539 kilocalories

Total area 71,498 sq. miles (184,180 sq. km) Languages Arabic*, French, Kurdish, Armenian,

West Indies

Official name Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Formation 1979 / 1979 Capital Kingstown Population 102,918 / 786 people per sq mile (303 people per sq km) Total area 150 sq. miles (389 sq. km) Languages English*, English Creole Religions Anglican 47%, Methodist 28%, Roman Catholic 13%, Other 12% Ethnic mix Black 66%, Mulatto (mixed race) 19%, Other 12%, Carib 2%, Asian 1% Government Parliamentary system Currency East Caribbean dollar = 100 cents Literacy rate 88% Calorie consumption 2960 kilocalories

Southeast Europe

(123 people per sq km)

Croat 2%, Bosniak 1%

Government Parliamentary system Currency Euro = 100 cents Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 3173 kilocalories

Australasia & Oceania

(21 people per sq km)

Pidgin, 120 (est.) native languages

South Asia

Sri Lanka

Formation 1948 / 1948 Capital Colombo; Sri Jayewardenapura Kotte Population 21.4 million / 856 people per sq mile

Southwest Asia

(120 people per sq km)

Circassian, Turkic languages, Assyrian, Aramaic

Roman Catholic 6%, Other 6%, Muslim 3% Ethnic mix Serb 83%, Other 10%, Magyar 4%, Bosniak 2%, Roma 1% Government Parliamentary system Currency Serbian dinar = 100 para Literacy rate 98% Calorie consumption 2724 kilocalories

Religions Church of Melanesia (Anglican) 34%,

SAMOA

SEYCHELLES

SOMALIA

SUDAN

TAIWAN

Official name Independent State of Samoa Formation 1962 / 1962 Capital Apia Population 200,000 / 183 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Seychelles Formation 1976 / 1976 Capital Victoria Population 91,650 / 881 people per sq mile

Official name Federal Republic of Somalia Formation 1960 / 1960 Capital Mogadishu Population 10.8 million / 45 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of the Sudan Formation 1956 / 2011 Capital Khartoum Population 38.8 million / 54 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of China (ROC) Formation 1949 / 1949 Capital Taibei (Taipei) Population 23.4 million / 1879 people per sq mile

Total area 1104 sq. miles (2860 sq. km) Languages Samoan*, English* Religions Christian 99%, Other 1% Ethnic mix Polynesian 91%, Euronesian 7%,

Total area 176 sq. miles (455 sq. km) Languages French Creole*, English*, French* Religions Roman Catholic 82%, Anglican 6%, Other

Total area 246,199 sq. miles (637,657 sq. km) Languages Somali*, Arabic*, English, Italian Religions Sunni Muslim 99%, Christian 1% Ethnic mix Somali 85%, Other 15% Government Non-party system Currency Somali shilin = 100 senti Literacy rate 24% Calorie consumption 1696 kilocalories

Total area 718,722 sq. miles (1,861,481 sq. km) Languages Arabic, Nubian, Beja, Fur Religions Nearly the whole population is Muslim

Total area 13,892 sq. miles (35,980 sq. km) Languages Amoy Chinese, Mandarin Chinese*,

(mainly Sunni) Ethnic mix Arab 60%, Other 18%, Nubian 10%, Beja 8%, Fur 3%, Zaghawa 1% Government Presidential system Currency New Sudanese pound = 100 piastres Literacy rate 73% Calorie consumption 2346 kilocalories

Religions Buddhist, Confucianist, and Taoist 93%,

Australasia & Oceania

(71 people per sq km)

Indian Ocean

(339 people per sq km)

Roman Catholic 19%, South Seas Evangelical Church 17%, Methodist 11%, Seventh-day Adventist 10%, Other 9% Ethnic mix Melanesian 93%, Polynesian 4%, Micronesian 2%, Other 1% Government Parliamentary system Currency Solomon Islands dollar = 100 cents Literacy rate 77% Calorie consumption 2473 kilocalories

East Africa

(17 people per sq km)

East Africa

(21 people per sq km)

Religions Sunni Muslim 74%, Alawi 12%, Christian 10%, Druze 3%, Other 1%

Ethnic mix Arab 90%, Kurdish 9%, Armenian, Turkmen, and Circassian 1%

Government Presidential system Currency Syrian pound = 100 piastres Literacy rate 85% Calorie consumption 3106 kilocalories

East Asia

(725 people per sq km) Hakka Chinese

Government Parliamentary system Currency Tala = 100 sene Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 2872 kilocalories

(including Muslim) 6%, Other Christian 3%, Hindu 2%, Seventh-day Adventist 1% Ethnic mix Creole 89%, Indian 5%, Other 4%, Chinese 2% Government Presidential system Currency Seychelles rupee = 100 cents Literacy rate 92% Calorie consumption 2426 kilocalories

SAN MARINO

SIERRA LEONE

SOUTH AFRICA

SURINAME

TAJIKISTAN

Official name Republic of San Marino Formation 1631 / 1631 Capital San Marino Population 32,742 / 1364 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Sierra Leone Formation 1961 / 1961 Capital Freetown Population 6.2 million / 224 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of South Africa Formation 1934 / 1994 Capital Pretoria; Cape Town; Bloemfontein Population 53.1 million / 113 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Suriname Formation 1975 / 1975 Capital Paramaribo Population 500,000 / 8 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Tajikistan Formation 1991 / 1991 Capital Dushanbe Population 8.4 million / 152 people per sq mile

Total area 23.6 sq. miles (61 sq. km) Languages Italian* Religions Roman Catholic 93%, Other and

Total area 27,698 sq. miles (71,740 sq. km) Languages Mende, Temne, Krio, English* Religions Muslim 60%, Christian 30%,

Total area 471,008 sq. miles (1,219,912 sq. km) Languages English, isiZulu, isiXhosa, Afrikaans,

Total area 63,039 sq. miles (163,270 sq. km) Languages Sranan (creole), Dutch*, Javanese,

Total area 55,251 sq. miles (143,100 sq. km) Languages Tajik*, Uzbek, Russian Religions Sunni Muslim 95%, Shi’a Muslim 3%,

Other 2%

Southern Europe

(537 people per sq km)

West Africa

(87 people per sq km)

Southern Africa

(43 people per sq km)

Traditional beliefs 10% Ethnic mix Mende 35%, Temne 32%, Other 21%, Limba 8%, Kuranko 4% Government Presidential system Currency Leone = 100 cents Literacy rate 44% Calorie consumption 2333 kilocalories

Sepedi, Setswana, Sesotho, Xitsonga, siSwati, Tshivenda, isiNdebele Religions Christian 68%, Traditional beliefs and animist 29%, Muslim 2%, Hindu 1% Ethnic mix Black 80%, Mixed race 9%, White 9%, Asian 2% Government Presidential system Currency Rand = 100 cents Literacy rate 94% Calorie consumption 3007 kilocalories

SAO TOME & PRINCIPE

SINGAPORE

Official name Democratic Republic of

nonreligious 7% Ethnic mix Sammarinese 88%, Italian 10%, Other 2% Government Parliamentary system Currency Euro = 100 cents Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption Not available

South America

(3 people per sq km)

Sarnami Hindi, Saramaccan, Chinese, Carib

Religions Hindu 27%, Protestant 25%, Roman

Christian 5%, Other 2%

Ethnic mix Han Chinese (pre-20th-century

migration) 84%, Han Chinese (20th-century migration) 14%, Aboriginal 2%

Government Presidential system Currency Taiwan dollar = 100 cents Literacy rate 98% Calorie consumption 2997 kilocalories

Central Asia

(59 people per sq km)

Other 2%

Catholic 23%, Muslim 20%, Traditional beliefs 5% Ethnic mix East Indian 27%, Creole 18%, Black 15%, Javanese 15%, Mixed race 13%, Other 6%, Amerindian 4%, Chinese 2% Government Mixed presidential– parliamentary system Currency Surinamese dollar = 100 cents Literacy rate 95% Calorie consumption 2727 kilocalories

Ethnic mix Tajik 80%, Uzbek 15%, Other 3%,

SOUTH KOREA

SWAZILAND

TANZANIA

Official name Republic of Singapore Formation 1965 / 1965 Capital Singapore Population 5.5 million / 23,305 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Korea Formation 1948 / 1953 Capital Seoul; Sejong City (administrative) Population 49.5 million / 1299 people per sq mile

Official name Kingdom of Swaziland Formation 1968 / 1968 Capital Mbabane Population 1.3 million / 196 people per sq mile

Official name United Republic of Tanzania Formation 1964 / 1964 Capital Dodoma Population 50.8 million / 148 people per sq mile

(208 people per sq km) Total area 386 sq. miles (1001 sq. km) Languages Portuguese Creole, Portuguese* Religions Roman Catholic 84%, Other 16% Ethnic mix Black 90%, Portuguese and Creole 10% Government Presidential system Currency Dobra = 100 céntimos Literacy rate 70% Calorie consumption 2676 kilocalories

Total area 250 sq. miles (648 sq. km) Languages Mandarin*, Malay*, Tamil*, English* Religions Buddhist 55%, Taoist 22%, Muslim 16%,

Total area 38,023 sq. miles (98,480 sq. km) Languages Korean* Religions Mahayana Buddhist 47%, Protestant 38%,

Total area 6704 sq. miles (17,363 sq. km) Languages English*, siSwati*, isiZulu, Xitsonga Religions Traditional beliefs 40%, Other 30%,

Total area 364,898 sq. miles (945,087 sq. km) Languages Kiswahili*, Sukuma, Chagga, Nyamwezi,

SAUDI ARABIA

SLOVAKIA

Official name Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Formation 1932 / 1932 Capital Riyadh Population 29.4 million / 36 people per sq mile Total area 756,981 sq. miles (1,960,582 sq. km) Languages Arabic* Religions Sunni Muslim 85%, Shi’a Muslim 15% Ethnic mix Arab 72%, Foreign residents (mostly

West Africa

Sao Tome and Principe

Formation 1975 / 1975 Capital São Tomé Population 200,000 / 539 people per sq mile

Southwest Asia

(14 people per sq km)

south and southeast Asian) 20%, Afro-Asian 8%

Government Monarchy Currency Saudi riyal = 100 halalat Literacy rate 94% Calorie consumption 3122 kilocalories

206

Southeast Asia

(9016 people per sq km)

East Asia

(501 people per sq km)

Southern Africa

(76 people per sq km)

Russian 1%, Kyrgyz 1%

Government Presidential system Currency Somoni = 100 diram Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 2101 kilocalories

East Africa

(57 people per sq km)

Hehe, Makonde, Yao, Sandawe, English*

Roman Catholic 20%, Muslim 10% Ethnic mix Swazi 97%, Other 3% Government Monarchy Currency Lilangeni = 100 cents Literacy rate 83% Calorie consumption 2275 kilocalories

Religions Christian 63%, Muslim 35%, Other 2% Ethnic mix Native African (over 120 tribes) 99%,

SOUTH SUDAN

SWEDEN

THAILAND

Official name Slovak Republic Formation 1993 / 1993 Capital Bratislava Population 5.5 million / 290 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of South Sudan Formation 2011 / 2011 Capital Juba Population 11.7 million / 47 people per sq mile

Official name Kingdom of Sweden Formation 1523 / 1921 Capital Stockholm Population 9.6 million / 60 people per sq mile

Official name Kingdom of Thailand Formation 1238 / 1907 Capital Bangkok Population 67.2 million / 341 people per sq mile

Total area 18,859 sq. miles (48,845 sq. km) Languages Slovak*, Hungarian (Magyar), Czech Religions Roman Catholic 69%, Nonreligious

Total area 248,777 sq. miles (644,329 sq. km) Languages Arabic, Dinka, Nuer, Zande, Bari,

Total area 173,731 sq. miles (449,964 sq. km) Languages Swedish*, Finnish, Sámi Religions Evangelical Lutheran 75%, Other 13%,

Total area 198,455 sq. miles (514,000 sq. km) Languages Thai*, Chinese, Malay, Khmer, Mon,

Hindu, Christian, and Sikh 7% Ethnic mix Chinese 74%, Malay 14%, Indian 9%, Other 3% Government Parliamentary system Currency Singapore dollar = 100 cents Literacy rate 96% Calorie consumption Not available

Central Europe

(112 people per sq km)

13%, Other 13%, Greek Catholic (Uniate) 4%, Orthodox Christian 1% Ethnic mix Slovak 86%, Magyar 10%, Roma 2%, Czech 1%, Other 1% Government Parliamentary system Currency Euro = 100 cents Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 2902 kilocalories

Roman Catholic 11%, Confucianist 3%, Other 1% Ethnic mix Korean 100% Government Presidential system Currency South Korean won = 100 chon Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 3329 kilocalories

East Africa

(18 people per sq km)

Shilluk, Lotuko, English*

Religions Over half of the population follow Christian or traditional beliefs.

Ethnic mix Dinka 40%, Nuer 15%, Bari 10%, Shilluk/ Anwak 10%, Azande 10%, Arab 10%, Other 5% Government Transitional regime Currency South Sudan pound = 100 piastres Literacy rate 37% Calorie consumption Not available

Northern Europe

(23 people per sq km)

Muslim 5%, Other Protestant 5%, Roman Catholic 2% Ethnic mix Swedish 86%, Foreign-born or first-generation immigrant 12%, Finnish and Sámi 2% Government Parliamentary system Currency Swedish krona = 100 öre Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 3160 kilocalories

European, Asian, and Arab 1%

Government Presidential system Currency Tanzanian shilling = 100 cents Literacy rate 68% Calorie consumption 2208 kilocalories

Southeast Asia

(132 people per sq km) Karen, Miao

Religions Buddhist 95%, Muslim 4%, Other (including Christian) 1%

Ethnic mix Thai 83%, Chinese 12%, Malay 3%, Khmer and Other 2%

Government Transitional regime Currency Baht = 100 satang Literacy rate 96% Calorie consumption 2784 kilocalories

COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD

TOGO

TURKMENISTAN

UNITED KINGDOM

VATICAN CITY

ZIMBABWE

Official name Togolese Republic Formation 1960 / 1960 Capital Lomé Population 7 million / 333 people per sq mile

Official name Turkmenistan Formation 1991 / 1991 Capital Ashgabat Population 5.3 million / 28 people per sq mile

Official name United Kingdom of Great Britain

Official name State of the Vatican City Formation 1929 / 1929 Capital Vatican City Population 842 / 4953 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Zimbabwe Formation 1980 / 1980 Capital Harare Population 14.6 million / 98 people per sq mile

Total area 21,924 sq. miles (56,785 sq. km) Languages Ewe, Kabye, Gurma, French* Religions Christian 47%, Traditional beliefs 33%,

Total area 188,455 sq. miles (488,100 sq. km) Languages Turkmen*, Uzbek, Russian, Kazakh, Tatar Religions Sunni Muslim 89%, Ethnic mix Turkmen 85%, Other 6%, Uzbek 5%,

Total area 0.17 sq. miles (0.44 sq. km) Languages Italian*, Latin* Religions Roman Catholic 100% Ethnic mix The current pope is Argentinian,

Total area 150,803 sq. miles (390,580 sq. km) Languages Shona, isiNdebele, English* Religions Syncretic (Christian/traditional beliefs)

Ethnic mix Ewe 46%, Other African 41%,

(263 people per sq km) Total area 94,525 sq. miles (244,820 sq. km) Languages English*, Welsh*, Scottish Gaelic, Irish Religions Anglican 45%, Other and nonreligious 36%, Roman Catholic 9%, Presbyterian 4%, Muslim 3%, Methodist 2%, Hindu 1% Ethnic mix English 80%, Scottish 9%, West Indian, Asian, and other 5%, Northern Irish 3%, Welsh 3% Government Parliamentary system Currency Pound sterling = 100 pence Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 3414 kilocalories

West Africa

(129 people per sq km)

Muslim 14%, Other 6%

Kabye 12%, European 1% Government Presidential system Currency CFA franc = 100 centimes Literacy rate 60% Calorie consumption 2366 kilocalories

Central Asia

(11 people per sq km)

Orthodox Christian 9%, Other 2% Russian 4%

Government Presidential system Currency New manat = 100 tenge Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 2883 kilocalories

Northwest Europe

and Northern Ireland

Formation 1707 / 1922 Capital London Population 63.5 million / 681 people per sq mile

Southern Europe

(1914 people per sq km)

though most popes for the last 500 years have been Italian. Cardinals are from many nationalities, but Italians form the largest group. Most of the resident lay persons are Italian. Government Papal state Currency Euro = 100 cents Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption Not available

TONGA

TUVALU

UNITED STATES

VENEZUELA

Official name Kingdom of Tonga Formation 1970 / 1970 Capital Nuku’alofa Population 106,440 / 383 people per sq mile

Official name Tuvalu Formation 1978 / 1978 Capital Funafuti Atoll Population 10,782 / 1078 people per sq mile

Official name United States of America Formation 1776 / 1959 Capital Washington D.C. Population 323 million / 91 people per sq mile

Official name Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela Formation 1830 / 1830 Capital Caracas Population 30.9 million / 91 people per sq mile

Total area 289 sq. miles (748 sq. km) Languages English*, Tongan* Religions Free Wesleyan 41%, Other 17%, Roman

Total area 10 sq. miles (26 sq. km) Languages Tuvaluan, Kiribati, English* Religions Church of Tuvalu 97%, Baha’i 1%,

Total area 3,794,100 sq. miles (9,826,675 sq. km) Languages English*, Spanish, Chinese, French,

Total area 352,143 sq. miles (912,050 sq. km) Languages Spanish*, Amerindian languages Religions Roman Catholic 96%,

Australasia & Oceania

(148 people per sq km)

Catholic 16%, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints 14%, Free Church of Tonga 12% Ethnic mix Tongan 98%, Other 2% Government Monarchy Currency Pa’anga (Tongan dollar) = 100 seniti Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption Not available

Australasia & Oceania

(415 people per sq km)

Seventh-day Adventist 1%, Other 1% Ethnic mix Polynesian 96%, Micronesian 4% Government Nonparty system Currency Australian dollar = 100 cents; and Tuvaluan dollar = 100 cents Literacy rate 95% Calorie consumption Not available

North America

(35 people per sq km)

German, Tagalog, Vietnamese, Italian, Korean, Russian, Polish Religions Protestant 52%, Roman Catholic 25%, Other and nonreligious 20%, Jewish 2%, Muslim 1% Ethnic mix White 60%, Hispanic 17%, Black American/African 14%, Asian 6%, American Indians & Alaksa Natives 2%, Pacific Islanders 1% Government Presidential system Currency US dollar = 100 cents Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 3639 kilocalories

Black 9%, Amerindian 2%

Government Presidential system Currency Bolívar fuerte = 100 céntimos Literacy rate 96% Calorie consumption 2880 kilocalories

Official name Republic of Trinidad and Tobago Formation 1962 / 1962 Capital Port-of-Spain Population 1.3 million / 656 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Uganda Formation 1962 / 1962 Capital Kampala Population 38.8 million / 504 people per sq mile

Official name Oriental Republic of Uruguay Formation 1828 / 1828 Capital Montevideo Population 3.4 million / 50 people per sq mile

Official name Socialist Republic of Vietnam Formation 1976 / 1976 Capital Hanoi Population 92.5 million / 736 people per sq mile

Total area 1980 sq. miles (5128 sq. km) Languages English Creole, English*, Hindi,

Total area 91,135 sq. miles (236,040 sq. km) Languages Luganda, Nkole, Chiga, Lango, Acholi,

Total area 127,243 sq. miles (329,560 sq. km) Languages Vietnamese*, Chinese, Thai, Khmer,

Religions Roman Catholic 26%, Hindu 23%, Other

Religions Christian 85%, Muslim (mainly Sunni)

Total area 68,039 sq. miles (176,220 sq. km) Languages Spanish* Religions Roman Catholic 66%, Other and

French, Spanish

and nonreligious 23%, Anglican 8%, Baptist 7%, Pentecostal 7%, Muslim 6% Ethnic mix East Indian 40%, Black 38%, Mixed race 20%, White and Chinese 1%, other 1% Government Parliamentary system Currency Trinidad and Tobago dollar = 100 cents Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 2889 kilocalories

(194 people per sq km)

Teso, Lugbara, English*

12%, Other 3%

Ethnic mix Other 50%, Baganda 17%, Banyakole 10%, Basoga 9%, Iteso 7%, Bakiga 7%

Government Presidential system Currency Uganda shilling = 100 cents Literacy rate 74% Calorie consumption 2279 kilocalories

(19 people per sq km)

Southeast Asia

(284 people per sq km)

Muong, Nung, Miao, Yao, Jarai

nonreligious 30%, Jewish 2%, Protestant 2% Ethnic mix White 90%, Mestizo 6%, Black 4% Government Presidential system Currency Uruguayan peso = 100 centésimos Literacy rate 98% Calorie consumption 2939 kilocalories

Religions Other 74%, Buddhist 14%, Roman Catholic 7%, Cao Dai 3%, Protestant 2%

Ethnic mix Vietnamese 86%, Other 8%, Muong 2%, Tay 2%, Thai 2%

Government One-party state Currency Dông = 10 hao = 100 xu Literacy rate 94% Calorie consumption 2745 kilocalories

TUNISIA

UKRAINE

UZBEKISTAN

YEMEN

Official name Tunisian Republic Formation 1956 / 1956 Capital Tunis Population 11.1 million / 185 people per sq mile

Official name Ukraine Formation 1991 / 1991 Capital Kiev Population 44.9 million / 193 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Uzbekistan Formation 1991 / 1991 Capital Tashkent Population 29.3 million / 170 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Yemen Formation 1990 / 1990 Capital Sana Population 25 million / 115 people per sq mile

Total area 63,169 sq. miles (163,610 sq. km) Languages Arabic*, French Religions Muslim (mainly Sunni) 98%, Christian 1%,

Total area 223,089 sq. miles (603,700 sq. km) Languages Ukrainian*, Russian, Tatar Religions Christian (mainly Orthodox) 95%,

Total area 172,741 sq. miles (447,400 sq. km) Languages Uzbek*, Russian, Tajik, Kazakh Religions Sunni Muslim 88%, Orthodox Christian

Total area 203,849 sq. miles (527,970 sq. km) Languages Arabic* Religions Sunni Muslim 55%, Shi’a Muslim 42%,

Ethnic mix Arab and Berber 98%, Jewish 1%,

Ethnic mix Ukrainian 78%, Russian 17%, Other 5% Government Presidential system Currency Hryvna = 100 kopiykas Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 3142 kilocalories

Ethnic mix Uzbek 80%, Russian 6%, Other 6%,

Ethnic mix Arab 99%, Afro-Arab, Indian, Somali,

Government Presidential system Currency Som = 100 tiyin Literacy rate 99% Calorie consumption 2675 kilocalories

Government Transitional regime Currency Yemeni rial = 100 fils Literacy rate 66% Calorie consumption 2223 kilocalories

TURKEY

UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

VANUATU

ZAMBIA

Official name Republic of Turkey Formation 1923 / 1939 Capital Ankara Population 75.8 million / 255 people per sq mile

Official name United Arab Emirates Formation 1971 / 1972 Capital Abu Dhabi Population 9.4 million / 291 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Vanuatu Formation 1980 / 1980 Capital Port Vila Population 300,000 / 64 people per sq mile

Official name Republic of Zambia Formation 1964 / 1964 Capital Lusaka Population 15 million / 52 people per sq mile

Total area 301,382 sq. miles (780,580 sq. km) Languages Turkish*, Kurdish, Arabic, Circassian,

Total area 32,000 sq. miles (82,880 sq. km) Languages Arabic*, Farsi, Indian and Pakistani

Total area 4710 sq. miles (12,200 sq. km) Languages Bislama (Melanesian pidgin)*, English*,

Total area 290,584 sq. miles (752,614 sq. km) Languages Bemba, Tonga, Nyanja, Lozi, Lala-Bisa,

Religions Muslim (mainly Sunni) 99%, Other 1% Ethnic mix Turkish 70%, Kurdish 20%, Other 8%,

Religions Muslim (mainly Sunni) 96%, Christian,

Religions Presbyterian 37%, Other 19%, Anglican

Religions Christian 63%, Traditional beliefs 36%,

North Africa

(71 people per sq km)

Jewish 1%

European 1%

Government Mixed presidential–

parliamentary system Currency Tunisian dinar = 1000 millimes Literacy rate 80% Calorie consumption 3362 kilocalories

Asia / Europe

(98 people per sq km)

Armenian, Greek, Georgian, Ladino

Arab 2%

Government Parliamentary system Currency Turkish lira = 100 kurus Literacy rate 95% Calorie consumption 3680 kilocalories

Eastern Europe

(74 people per sq km)

Other 5%

Southwest Asia

(112 people per sq km) languages, English

Hindu, and other 4% Ethnic mix Asian 60%, Emirian 25%, Other Arab 12%, European 3% Government Monarchy Currency UAE dirham = 100 fils Literacy rate 90% Calorie consumption 3215 kilocalories

Central Asia

(65 people per sq km)

9%, Other 3%

Tajik 5%, Kazakh 3%

Australasia & Oceania

(25 people per sq km)

French*, other indigenous languages

15%, Roman Catholic 15%, Traditional beliefs 8%, Seventh-day Adventist 6% Ethnic mix ni-Vanuatu 94%, European 4%, Other 2% Government Parliamentary system Currency Vatu = 100 centimes Literacy rate 83% Calorie consumption 2820 kilocalories

Botswana pula, Australian $, Chinese yuan, Indian rupee, and Japanese yen are legal tender Literacy rate 84% Calorie consumption 2110 kilocalories

Protestant 2%, Other 2%

VIETNAM

(253 people per sq km)

11%, White 1%, Asian 1%

Government Presidential system Currency US $, South African rand, Euro, UK £,

Ethnic mix Mestizo 69%, White 20%,

URUGUAY

South America

50%, Christian 25%, Traditional beliefs 24%, Other (including Muslim) 1%

Ethnic mix Shona 71%, Ndebele 16%, Other African

(35 people per sq km)

UGANDA East Africa

(38 people per sq km)

South America

TRINIDAD & TOBAGO West Indies

Southern Africa

Southwest Asia

(44 people per sq km)

Christian, Hindu, and Jewish 3% and European 1%

Southern Africa

(20 people per sq km) Nsenga, English*

Muslim and Hindu 1% Ethnic mix Bemba 34%, Other African 26%, Tonga 16%, Nyanja 14%, Lozi 9%, European 1% Government Presidential system Currency New Zambian kwacha = 100 ngwee Literacy rate 61% Calorie consumption 1930 kilocalories

207

GLOSSARY

GLOSSARY This glossary lists all geographical, technical and foreign language terms which  appear in the text, followed by a brief definition of the term. Any acronyms  used in the text are also listed in full. Terms in italics are for cross-reference  and indicate that the word is separately defined in the glossary.

A

Aseismic A region where earthquake 

Aboriginal  The original (indigenous) 

Asteroid A minor planet circling the 

...............................................

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inhabitants of a country or continent.  Especially used with reference   to Australia.

Abyssal plain  A broad plain found 

in the depths of the ocean, more than  10,000 ft (3000 m) below sea level.

Acid rain Rain, sleet, snow or mist 

which has absorbed waste gases from  fossil-fuelled power stations and  vehicle exhausts, becoming more acid.  It causes severe environmental damage.

Adaptation The gradual evolution 

of plants and animals so that they  become better suited to survive and  reproduce in their environment.

Afforestation The planting of 

new forest in areas which were once  forested but have been cleared.

Agribusiness A term applied to 

activities such as the growing of crops,  rearing of animals or the manufacture  of farm machinery, which eventually  leads to the supply of agricultural  produce at market.

activity has ceased.

CACM Central American Common 

Calcite Hexagonal crystals of calcium  carbonate.

area created by the expansion of towns  and cities into a virtually continuous  urban area.

Atmosphere The envelope of 

Caldera A huge volcanic vent, often 

Cool continental A rainy climate

partially melted rock, which underlies  the lithosphere, within the Earth’s crust.  odourless, colourless and tasteless  gases surrounding the Earth, consisting  of oxygen (23%), nitrogen (75%), argon  (1%), carbon dioxide (0.03%), as well as  tiny proportions of other gases.

Atmospheric pressure The pressure  created by the action of gravity on the  gases surrounding the Earth.

Atoll A ring-shaped island or coral

reef often enclosing a lagoon of sea  water.

Avalanche The rapid movement 

of a mass of snow and ice down a  steep slope. Similar movements of  other materials are described as rock avalanches or landslides and sand avalanches.

...............................................

B

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containing a number of smaller vents,  and sometimes a crater lake.

Carbon cycle The transfer of carbon  to and from the atmosphere. This  occurs on land through photosynthesis. In the sea, carbon dioxide is absorbed,  some returning to the air and some  taken up into the bodies of  sea creatures.

rivers. Nowadays usually only applied  to finer particles of silt and clay.

or shingle, either above or below the  water. Usually parallel to the shore but  sometimes crescent-shaped or at an  oblique angle. 

Alpine Mountain environment, 

Barchan A crescent-shaped sand 

between the treeline and the level of  permanent snow cover.

Alpine mountains Ranges of 

mountains formed between 30 and 65  million years ago, by folding, in west  and central Europe.

dune, formed where wind direction  is very consistent. The horns of the  crescent point downwind and where  there is enough sand the barchan  is mobile.

Barrio A Spanish term for the shanty 

people indigenous to North, Central  and South America.

towns – self-built settlements – which  are clustered around many South  and Central American cities (see also Favela).

Animal husbandry The business of 

Basalt Dark, fine-grained igneous rock. 

Amerindian A term applied to 

rearing animals.

Antarctic circle The parallel which  lies at latitude of 66° 32' S.

Anticline A geological fold that 

forms an arch shape, curving upwards  in the rock strata.

Anticyclone An area of relatively  high atmospheric pressure.

Aquaculture Collective term for 

the farming of produce derived from  the sea, including fish-farming, the  cultivation of shellfish, and plants such  as seaweed.

Aquifer A body of rock which can 

absorb water. Also applied to any rock  strata that have sufficient porosity to  yield groundwater through wells  or springs.

Arable Land which has been 

ploughed and is being used, or is  suitable, for growing crops.

Archipelago A group or chain  of islands.

Arctic Circle The parallel which lies  at a latitude of 66° 32' N. 

Arête A thin, jagged mountain ridge  which divides two adjacent cirques,  found in regions where glaciation   has occurred.

Arid Dry. An area of low rainfall, 

where the rate of evaporation may  be greater than that of precipitation.  Often defined as those areas that  receive less than one inch (25 mm) of  rain a year. In these areas only droughtresistant plants can survive.

Artesian well A naturally occurring 

source of underground water, stored in  an aquifer.

Artisanal Small-scale, manual 

operation, such as fishing, using little   or no machinery.

ASEAN Association of Southeast  Asian Nations. Established in 1967 to  promote economic, social and cultural  co-operation. Its members include  Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines,  Singapore and Thailand.

208

Formed near the Earth’s surface from  fast-cooling lava.

Base level  The level below which  flowing water cannot erode the land. Basement rock A mass of ancient  rock often of Pre-Cambrian age,  covered by a layer of more recent  sedimentary rocks. Commonly  associated with shield areas.

Beach Lake or sea shore where waves  break and there is an accumulation of  loose material – mud, sand, shingle  or pebbles.

Bedrock Solid, consolidated and 

relatively unweathered rock, found on  the surface of the land or just below a  layer of soil or weathered rock.

Biodiversity The quantity of animal  or plant species in a given area.

Biomass The total mass of organic 

matter – plants and animals – in a  given area. It is usually measured in  kilogrammes per square metre. Plant  biomass is proportionally greater than  that of animals, except in cities.

Biosphere The zone just above and  below the Earth’s surface, where all  plants and animals live.

Blizzard A severe windstorm with  snow and sleet. Visibility is often  severely restricted.

Bluff The steep bank of a meander,

produce tapioca. A staple crop in many  parts of Africa.

Castle kopje Hill or rock outcrop,  especially in southern Africa, where  steep sides, and a summit composed of  blocks, give a castle-like appearance.

Cataracts A series of stepped  waterfalls created as a river flows over a  band of hard, resistant rock. 

Causeway A raised route through  marshland or a body of water.

CEEAC Economic Community of  Central African States. Established  in 1983 to promote regional  co-operation and if possible,  establish a common market between  16 Central African nations.

Chemical weathering The chemical  reactions leading to the decomposition  of rocks. Types of chemical weathering  include carbonation, hydrolysis and oxidation.

Chernozem A fertile soil, also known 

Coulées A US / Canadian term for a  ravine formed by river erosion.

Craton  A large block of the Earth’s  crust which has remained stable for  a long period of geological time. It is  made up of ancient shield rocks.

Cretaceous A period of geological time beginning about 145 million years  ago and lasting until about 65 million  years ago.

Crevasse A deep crack in a glacier. Crust  The hard, thin outer shell of the  Earth. The crust floats on the mantle, which is softer and more dense. Under  the oceans (oceanic crust) the crust is  3.7– 6.8 miles (6–11 km) thick. Continental  crust averages 18–24 miles (30 – 40 km).

Crystalline rock  Rocks formed when  molten magma crystallizes (igneous rocks) or when heat or pressure cause  re-crystallization (metamorphic rocks).  Crystalline rocks are distinct from  sedimentary rocks.

Cuesta A hill which rises into a steep 

Cirque Armchair-shaped basin, found 

Cyclone An area of low atmospheric

in mountain regions, with a steep back,  or rear, wall and a raised rock lip, often  containing a lake (or tarn). The cirque  floor has been eroded by a glacier,  while the back wall is eroded both by  the glacier and by weathering.

Climate The average weather  conditions in a given area over a period  of years, sometimes defined as 30 years  or more.

Cold War A period of hostile  relations between the USA and the  Soviet Union and their allies after the  Second World War.

Composite volcano Also known as  a strato-volcano, the volcanic cone is  composed of alternating deposits of  lava and pyroclastic material.

Compound A substance made up  of elements chemically combined in a  consistent way.

Condensation  The process whereby  a gas changes into a liquid. For example,  water vapour in the atmosphere condenses around tiny airborne  particles to form droplets of water.

slope on one side but has a gentler  gradient on its other slope. pressure, occurring where the air is  warm and relatively low in density,  causing low level winds to spiral.  Hurricanes and typhoons are  tropical cyclones. ..............................................

D

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De facto 1 Government or other activity that  takes place, or exists in actuality if not  by right.  2  A border, which exists in practice, but  which is not officially recognized by all  the countries it adjoins.

Deciduous forest A forest of trees  which shed their leaves annually at a  particular time or season. In temperate climates the fall of leaves occurs in the  Autumn. Some coniferous trees, such  as the larch, are deciduous. Deciduous  vegetation contrasts with evergreen, which keeps its leaves for more than  a year.

Defoliant Chemical spray used to  remove foliage (leaves) from trees.

Deforestation The act of cutting 

Breccia  A type of rock composed of  sharp fragments, cemented by a finegrained material such as clay.

Confluence The point at which two 

down and clearing large areas of forest  for human activities, such as agricultural  land or urban development.

Butte An isolated, flat-topped hill 

rivers meet.

Delta  Low-lying, fan-shaped area at a 

Conglomerate  Rock composed of 

river mouth, formed by the deposition of successive layers of sediment. Slowing as it enters the sea, a river  deposits sediment and may, as a result,  split into numerous smaller channels,  known as distributaries.

..............................................

C

large, water-worn or rounded pebbles,  held together by a natural cement.

Coniferous forest  A forest type  ................................................

Caatinga Portuguese (Brazilian) term 

for thorny woodland growing in areas  of pale granitic soils.

Desertification The gradual 

Despot A ruler with absolute power. 

as ‘black earth’ consisting of a layer of  dark topsoil, rich in decaying vegetation,  overlying a lighter chalky layer.

formed by the erosive action of a river.

with steep or vertical sides, buttes are  the eroded remnants of a former  land surface.

with little vegetation or animal life,  which is adapted to the dry conditions.  The term is now applied not only to  hot tropical and subtropical regions, but  to arid areas of the continental interiors  and to the ice deserts of the Arctic and Antarctic.

Diurnal Daily, something that occurs 

Boreal forest Tracts of mainly 

coniferous forest found in  northern latitudes.

Desert  An arid region of low rainfall, 

Coral reef  An underwater barrier 

caused by the rotation of the Earth.  In the northern hemisphere a body,  such as an air mass or ocean current,  is deflected to the right, and in the  southern hemisphere to the left. This  prevents winds from blowing straight  from areas of high to low pressure.

containing trees which are generally,  but not necessarily, evergreen and have  slender, needle-like leaves and which  reproduce by means of seeds contained  in a cone. 

Denudation  The combined effect  of weathering, erosion and mass movement, which, over long periods,  exposes underlying rocks.

lies equidistant between the North and  South Poles.

Erosion  The processes which wear 

coconut, from which coconut oil  is extracted.

Coriolis effect  A deflecting force 

Equator The line of latitude which  Erg An extensive area of sand dunes, 

Distributary A minor branch of a 

Cash crop A single crop grown 

surface directly above the underground  origin – or focus – of an earthquake.

pressure system.  2  A complex fold, producing a   large valley, which incorporates both   a syncline and an anticline.

extension of desert conditions in arid or semi-arid regions, as a result of  climatic change or human activity, such  as over-grazing and deforestation.

Copra The dried, white kernel of a 

Epicentre The point on the Earth’s 

1  In climatic terms it is a large low 

consisting of a dense mass of iron and  nickel. It is thought that the outer core  is molten or liquid, and that the hot  inner core is solid due to extremely  high pressures.

Cassava A type of grain meal, used to 

Bar, coastal An offshore strip of sand 

Depression

Core  The centre of the Earth, 

rocks are broken down by carbonic  acid. Carbon dioxide in the air dissolves  in rainwater, forming carbonic acid.  Limestone terrain can be rapidly  eaten away.

Back slope The gentler windward 

river at the base of mountains and hills  which encircle desert areas.

with warm summers [warmest month  below 76°F (22°C)] and often severe  winters [coldest month below  32°F (0°C)].

often used in connection with seasonal  rivers or lakes in dry areas.

Carbonation The process whereby 

Alliance An agreement between two 

Bajos An alluvial fan deposited by a 

Conurbation A vast metropolitan 

Ephemeral A non-permanent feature, 

material that has accumulated:   (1) after being eroded and then  transported by physical forces such as  wind, ice or water;   (2) as organic remains, such as coal  and coral;   (3) as the result of evaporation and  chemical precipitation.

Carbon dioxide A colourless,  odourless gas (CO2) which makes up  0.03% of the atmosphere.

been heavily eroded and dissected by  rainwater, and which has little or no  vegetation. slope of a sand dune or gentler slope  of a cuesta.

slope running from the edge of the  continental shelf to the ocean floor. 

Deposition  The laying down of 

created by colonies of the coral polyp.  Polyps secrete a protective skeleton of  calcium carbonate, and reefs develop  as live polyps build on the skeletons of  dead generations.

specifically for export sale, rather than  for local use. Typical examples include  coffee, tea and citrus fruits.

Alluvium Material deposited by 

Continental slope A steep 

Asthenosphere A zone of hot, 

Badlands A landscape that has 

deposit of fine sediments deposited   by a river as it emerges from a   narrow, mountain valley onto a   broad, open plain.

continental crust, below sea level, which  slopes gently. It is separated from the  deep ocean by a much more steeply  inclined continental slope.

Sun, mainly between the orbits of Mars  and Jupiter.

mass of air, within which horizontal  patterns of temperature and humidity  are consistent. Air masses are   separated by fronts.

Alluvial fan A large fan-shaped 

Continental shelf  An area of the 

Market. Established in 1960 to further  economic ties between its members,  which are Costa Rica, El Salvador,  Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua.

Air mass A huge, homogeneous  

or more states, to work together to  achieve common purposes.

Continental drift  The theory  that the continents of today are  fragments of one or more prehistoric  supercontinents which have moved  across the Earth’s surface, creating  ocean basins. The theory has been  superseded by a more sophisticated  one – plate tectonics.

Despots are often associated with  oppressive regimes. 

Detritus Piles of rock deposited by an  erosive agent such as a river or glacier. river, which does not rejoin the main  stream, common at deltas. each day. Diurnal temperature refers to  the variation in temperature over the  course of a full day and night. 

Divide A US term describing the area  of high ground separating two  drainage basins.

Donga  A steep-sided gully, resulting  from erosion by a river or by floods.  

Dormant A term used to describe a  volcano which is not currently erupting.  They differ from extinct volcanoes as  dormant volcanoes are still considered  likely to erupt in the future.

Drainage basin The area drained by  a single river system, its boundary is  marked by a watershed or divide.

Drought  A long period of continuously  low rainfall. Drumlin  A long, streamlined hillock  composed of material deposited by  a glacier. They often occur in groups  known as swarms. 

Dune  A mound or ridge of sand,  shaped, and often moved, by the wind.  They are found in hot deserts and on  low-lying coasts where onshore winds  blow across sandy beaches.

Dyke A wall constructed in low-lying  areas to contain floodwaters or protect  from high tides. ................................................

E

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Earthflow The rapid movement of soil  and other loose surface material down a  slope, when saturated by water. Similar  to a mudflow but not as fast-flowing,  due to a lower percentage of water.

Earthquake Sudden movements of  the Earth’s crust, causing the ground to  shake. Frequently occurring at tectonic plate margins. The shock, or series of  shocks, spreads out from an epicentre.

EC The European Community (see EU).

particularly in the Sahara Desert. away the surface of the land. Glaciers,  wind, rivers, waves and currents all carry  debris which causes erosion. Some  definitions also include mass movement  due to gravity as an agent of erosion.

Escarpment A steep slope at the  margin of a level, upland surface.  In a landscape created by folding, escarpments (or scarps) frequently lie  behind a more gentle backward slope.

Esker  A narrow, winding ridge of sand  and gravel deposited by streams of  water flowing beneath or at the edge  of a glacier.

Erratic A rock transported by a glacier  and deposited some distance from its  place of origin.

Eustacy  A world-wide fall or rise in  ocean levels.  

EU The European Union. Established in  1965, it was formerly known as the EEC  (European Economic Community) and  then the EC  (European Community). Its  members are Austria, Belgium, Denmark,  Finland, France, Germany, Greece,  Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands,  Portugal, Spain, Sweden and UK.  It seeks to establish an integrated  European common market and  eventual federation.

Evaporation The process whereby  a liquid or solid is turned into a gas or  vapour. Also refers to the diffusion of  water vapour into the atmosphere from  exposed water surfaces such as lakes  and seas.

Evapotranspiration The loss of  moisture from the Earth’s surface  through a combination of evaporation, and transpiration from the leaves  of plants. Evergreen Plants with long-lasting  leaves, which are not shed annually  or seasonally.

Exfoliation  A kind of weathering whereby scale-like flakes of rock  are peeled or broken off by the  development of salt crystals in water  within the rocks. Groundwater, which  contains dissolved salts, seeps to the  surface and evaporates, precipitating  a film of salt crystals, which expands  causing fine cracks. As these grow, flakes  of rock break off.

Extrusive rock Igneous rock formed  when molten material (magma) pours  forth at the Earth’s surface and cools  rapidly. It usually has a glassy texture. ................................................

F

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Factionalism The actions of one  or more minority political group  acting against the interests of the  majority government.

Fault A fracture or crack in rock,  where strains (tectonic movement) have  caused blocks to move, vertically or  laterally, relative to each other.

Ecosystem A system of living  organisms – plants and animals  – interacting with their environment.

Fauna Collective name for the animals 

ECOWAS Economic Community of 

towns or self-built, temporary dwellings  which have grown up around the  edge of many South and Central  American cities.

West African States. Established in 1975,  it incorporates 16 West African states  and aims to promote closer regional  and economic co-operation.

Element 1  A constituent of the climate

– precipitation, humidity, temperature,  atmospheric pressure or wind.  2  A substance that cannot be  separated into simpler substances  by chemical means.

of a particular period of time, or region.

Favela Brazilian term for the shanty 

Ferrel cell A component in the global  pattern of air circulation, which rises in  the colder latitudes (60° N and S) and  descends in warmer latitudes (30° N  and S). The Ferrel cell forms part of the  world’s three-cell air circulation pattern,  with the Hadley and Polar cells.

Fissure A deep crack in a rock or 

El Niño A climatic phenomenon, the 

a glacier.

El Niño effect occurs about 14 times  each century and leads to major shifts  in global air circulation. It is associated  with unusually warm currents off the  coasts of Peru, Ecuador and Chile. The  anomaly can last for up to two years.

Fjord A deep, narrow inlet, created 

Environment The conditions created  by the surroundings (both natural and  artificial) within which an organism lives.  In human geography the word includes  the surrounding economic, cultural and  social conditions.

Eon (aeon) Traditionally a long, but  indefinite, period of geological time.

when the sea inundates the U-shaped valley created by a glacier.

Flash flood A sudden, short-lived rise  in the water level of a river or stream,  or surge of water down a dry river  channel, or wadi, caused by  heavy rainfall.

Flax A plant used to make linen. Flood plain The broad, flat part of a  river valley, adjacent to the river itself,  formed by sediment deposited  during flooding.

GLOSSARY Flora  The collective name for the

Graben  A block of rock let down

Ice floe  A large, flat mass of ice

plants of a particular period of time or region.

between two parallel faults. Where the graben occurs within a valley, the structure is known as a rift valley.

floating free on the ocean surface. It is usually formed after the break-up of winter ice by heavy storms.

Grease ice  Slicks of ice which form in Antarctic seas, when ice crystals are bonded together by wind and wave action.

Ice sheet  A continuous, very thick layer of ice and snow. The term is usually used of ice masses which are continental in extent.

Greenhouse effect  A change in the

Ice shelf  A floating mass of ice attached to the edge of a coast. The seaward edge is usually a sheer cliff up to 100 ft (30 m) high.

Flow  The movement of a river within its banks, particularly in terms of the speed and volume of water. Fold  A bend in the rock strata of the Earth’s crust, resulting from compression.

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gravel with steep sides, deposited in a crevasse by meltwater running over a glacier. When the ice retreats, this forms an undulating terrain of hummocks.

which is very hot and highly charged with gas. It is generated at great pressure, at depths 10 miles (16 km) or more below the Earth’s surface. It can issue as lava at the Earth’s surface or, more often, solidify below the surface as intrusive igneous rock.

Karst  A barren limestone landscape created by carbonic acid in streams and rainwater, in areas where limestone is close to the surface. Typical features include caverns, tower-like hills, sinkholes and flat limestone pavements.

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air masses, which contrast sharply in temperature and humidity.

a lake or a sea, which has broken off from a floating ice sheet (an ice shelf) or from a glacier.

Frontal depression An area of low

Groundwater  Water that has seeped

Igneous rock  Rock formed when

salt-water behind a partial barrier such as a sandbank or coral reef. Lagoon is also used to describe the water encircled by an atoll.

once-arid region which is now wetter. Dunes normally move with the wind, but in these cases vegetation makes them stable.

Fossil fuel  Fuel – coal, natural gas or oil – composed of the fossilized remains of plants and animals. Front  The boundary between two

pressure caused by rising warm air. They are generally 600–1200 miles (1000–2000 km) in diameter. Within depressions there are both warm and cold fronts.

into the pores, cavities and cracks of rocks or into soil and water held in an aquifer.

Frost shattering  A form of

in the landscape by ephemeral streams.

weathering where water freezes in cracks, causing expansion. As temperatures fluctuate and the ice melts and refreezes, it eventually causes the rocks to shatter and fragments of rock to break off.

Guyot A small, flat-topped submarine

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Gaucho  South American term for a stock herder or cowboy who works on the grassy plains of Paraguay, Uruguay and Argentina. Geological time-scale  The chronology of the Earth’s history as revealed in its rocks. Geological time is divided into a number of periods: eon, era, period, epoch, age and chron (the shortest). These units are not of uniform length.

Geosyncline  A concave fold (syncline) or large depression in the Earth’s crust, extending hundreds of kilometres. This basin contains a deep layer of sediment, especially at its centre, from the land masses around it.

Gully A deep, narrow channel eroded

mountain, formed as a result of subsidence which occurs during sea-floor spreading.

Gypsum  A soft mineral compound (hydrated calcium sulphate), used as the basis of many forms of plaster, including plaster of Paris. ..............................................

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Hadley cell  A large-scale component in the global pattern of air circulation. Warm air rises over the Equator and blows at high altitude towards the poles, sinking in subtropical regions (30° N and 30° S) and creating high pressure. The air then flows at the surface towards the Equator in the form of trade winds. There is one cell in each hemisphere. Named after G Hadley, who published his theory in 1735.

Hamada  An Arabic word for a plateau of bare rock in a desert.

Hanging valley  A tributary valley

from hot rocks within the Earth’s crust and resulting in hot springs, steam or hot rocks at the surface. The energy is generated by rock movements, and from the breakdown of radioactive elements occurring under intense pressure.

which ends suddenly, high above the bed of the main valley. The effect is found where the main valley has been more deeply eroded by a glacier, than has the tributary valley. A stream in a hanging valley will descend to the floor of the main valley as a waterfall or cataract.

GDP  Gross Domestic Product. The

Headwards  The action of a river

Geothermal energy Heat derived

total value of goods and services produced by a country excluding income from foreign countries.

Geyser A jet of steam and hot water that intermittently erupts from vents in the ground in areas that are, or were, volcanic. Some geysers occasionally reach heights of 196 ft (60 m).

Ghetto  An area of a city or region occupied by an overwhelming majority of people from one racial or religious group, who may be subject to persecution or containment.

Glaciation The growth of glaciers and ice sheets, and their impact on the landscape.

Glacier  A body of ice moving downslope under the influence of gravity and consisting of compacted and frozen snow. A glacier is distinct from an ice sheet, which is wider and less confined by features of the landscape.

Glacio-eustacy  A world-wide change in the level of the oceans, caused when the formation of ice sheets takes up water or when their melting returns water to the ocean. The formation of ice sheets in the Pleistocene epoch, for example, caused sea level to drop by about 320 ft (100 m).

Glaciofluvial  To do with glacial

eroding back upstream, as opposed to the normal process of downstream erosion. Headwards erosion is often associated with gullying.

Hoodos  Pinnacles of rock which have been worn away by weathering in semiarid regions.

Horst  A block of the Earth’s crust which has been left upstanding by the sinking of adjoining blocks along fault lines. Hot spot  A region of the Earth’s crust where high thermal activity occurs, often leading to volcanic eruptions. Hot spots often occur far from plate boundaries, but their movement is associated with plate tectonics.

Humid equatorial  Rainy climate with no winter, where the coolest month is generally above 64°F (18°C).

Humidity  The relative amount of moisture held in the Earth’s atmosphere.

Hurricane   1 A tropical cyclone occurring in the

Caribbean and western North Atlantic. 2 A wind of more than 65 knots (75 kmph).

Hydro-electric power  Energy produced by harnessing the rapid movement of water down steep mountain slopes to drive turbines to generate electricity.

meltwater, the landforms it creates and its processes; erosion, transportation and deposition. Glaciofluvial effects are more powerful and rapid where they occur within or beneath the glacier, rather than beyond its edge.

Hydrolysis  The chemical breakdown

Glacis  A gentle slope or pediment.

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Global warming  An increase in the average temperature of the Earth. At present the greenhouse effect is thought to contribute to this.

GNP Gross National Product. The total value of goods and services produced by a country.

Gondwanaland  The supercontinent thought to have existed over 200 million years ago in the southern hemisphere. Gondwanaland is believed to have comprised today’s Africa, Madagascar, Australia, parts of South America, Antarctica and the Indian subcontinent.

of rocks in reaction with water, forming new compounds.

I

Ice Age  A period in the Earth’s history when surface temperatures in the temperate latitudes were much lower and ice sheets expanded considerably. There have been ice ages from PreCambrian times onwards. The most recent began two million years ago and ended 10,000 years ago.

Ice cap  A permanent dome of ice in highland areas. The term ice cap is often seen as distinct from ice sheet, which denotes a much wider covering of ice; and is also used refer to the very extensive polar and Greenland ice caps.

Ice wedge  Massive blocks of ice

Iceberg  A large mass of ice in

molten material, magma, from the hot, lower layers of the Earth’s crust, cools, solidifies and crystallizes, either within the Earth’s crust (intrusive) or on the surface (extrusive).

IMF  International Monetary Fund. Established in 1944 as a UN agency, it contains 182 members around the world and is concerned with world monetary stability and economic development.

Incised meander  A meander where the river, following its original course, cuts deeply into bedrock. This may occur when a mature, meandering river begins to erode its bed much more vigorously after the surrounding land has been uplifted.

Indigenous  People, plants or animals native to a particular region. Infrastructure  The communications and services – roads, railways and telecommunications – necessary for the functioning of a country or region.

Inselberg  An isolated, steep-sided hill, rising from a low plain in semi-arid and savannah landscapes. Inselbergs are usually composed of a rock, such as granite, which resists erosion.

Interglacial  A period of global climate, between two ice ages, when temperatures rise and ice sheets and glaciers retreat. Intraplate volcano  A volcano which lies in the centre of one of the Earth’s tectonic plates, rather than, as is more common, at its edge. They are thought to have been formed by a hot spot.

Intrusion (intrusive igneous rock)   Rock formed when molten material, magma, penetrates existing rocks below the Earth’s surface before cooling and solidifying. These rocks cool more slowly than extrusive rock and therefore tend to have coarser grains.

Irrigation  The artificial supply of agricultural water to dry areas, often involving the creation of canals and the diversion of natural watercourses.

Island arc  A curved chain of islands. Typically, such an arc fringes an ocean trench, formed at the margin between two tectonic plates. As one plate overrides another, earthquakes and volcanic activity are common and the islands themselves are often volcanic cones.

Isostasy  The state of equilibrium which the Earth’s crust maintains as its lighter and heavier parts float on the denser underlying mantle.

Isthmus  A narrow strip of land connecting two larger landmasses or islands.

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Jet stream  A narrow belt of

Kettle hole  A round hollow formed in a glacial deposit by a detached block of glacial ice, which later melted. They can fill with water to form kettle-lakes.

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Lagoon  A shallow stretch of coastal

LAIA  Latin American Integration

between the crust and the core. It is about 1800 miles (2900 km) thick. The uppermost layer of the mantle is the soft, 125 mile (200 km) thick asthenosphere on which the more rigid lithosphere floats.

Maquiladoras  Factories on the Mexico side of the Mexico/US border, which are allowed to import raw materials and components duty-free and use low-cost labour to assemble the goods, finally exporting them for sale in the US .

Market gardening  The intensive growing of fruit and vegetables close to large local markets. Mass movement  Downslope

Landslide  The sudden downslope

Massif  A single very large mountain

movement of a mass of rock or earth on a slope, caused either by heavy rain; the impact of waves; an earthquake or human activity.

movement of weathered materials such as rock, often helped by rainfall or glacial meltwater. Mass movement may be a gradual process or rapid, as in a landslide or rockfall. or an area of mountains with uniform characteristics and clearly-defined boundaries.

by chemical weathering in tropical conditions, and consisting mainly of oxides of iron and aluminium.

Meander  A loop-like bend in a river, which is found typically in the lower, mature reaches of a river but can form wherever the valley is wide and the slope gentle.

Latitude  The angular distance from

Mediterranean climate  A temperate

Laterite  A hard red deposit left

the Equator, to a given point on the Earth’s surface. Imaginary lines of latitude running parallel to the Equator encircle the Earth, and are measured in degrees north or south of the Equator. The Equator is 0°, the poles 90° South and North respectively. Also called parallels.

Laurasia  In the theory of continental drift, the northern part of the great supercontinent of Pangaea. Laurasia is said to consist of N America, Greenland and all of Eurasia north of the Indian subcontinent.

Lava  The molten rock, magma, which erupts onto the Earth’s surface through a volcano, or through a fault or crack in the Earth’s crust. Lava refers to the rock both in its molten and in its later, solidified form.

climate of hot, dry summers and warm, damp winters. This is typical of the western fringes of the world’s continents in the warm temperate regions between latitudes of 30° and 40° (north and south).

Meltwater  Water resulting from the melting of a glacier or ice sheet.

Mesa  A broad, flat-topped hill, characteristic of arid regions.

Mesosphere  A layer of the Earth’s atmosphere, between the stratosphere and the thermosphere. Extending from about 25–50 miles (40–80 km) above the surface of the Earth. Mestizo  A person of mixed Amerindian and European origin. Metallurgy  The refining and working of metals.

Leaching  The process whereby water

Metamorphic rocks  Rocks which

dissolves minerals and moves them down through layers of soil or rock.

have been altered from their original form, in terms of texture, composition and structure by intense heat, pressure, or by the introduction of new chemical substances – or a combination of more than one of these.

Levée  A raised bank alongside the channel of a river. Levées are either human-made or formed in times of flood when the river overflows its channel, slows and deposits much of its sediment load. Lichen  An organism which is the symbiotic product of an algae and a fungus. Lichens form in tight crusts on stones and trees, and are resistant to extreme cold. They are often found in tundra regions.

Lignite  Low-grade coal, also known as

Meteor  A body of rock, metal or other material, which travels through space at great speeds. Meteors are visible as they enter the Earth’s atmosphere as shooting stars and fireballs.

Meteorite  The remains of a meteor that has fallen to Earth.

Meteoroid  A meteor which is still

direction bi-annually. The change is caused by the reversal of pressure over landmasses and the adjacent oceans. Because the inflowing moist winds bring rain, the term monsoon is also used to refer to the rains themselves. The term is derived from and most commonly refers to the seasonal winds of south and east Asia.

Montaña  Mountain areas along the west coast of South America.

Moraine  Debris, transported and deposited by a glacier or ice sheet in unstratified, mixed, piles of rock, boulders, pebbles and clay.

Mountain-building  The formation of fold mountains by tectonic activity. Also known as orogeny, mountain-building often occurs on the margin where two tectonic plates collide. The periods when most mountain-building occurred are known as orogenic phases and lasted many millions of years.

Mudflow  An avalanche of mud which occurs when a mass of soil is drenched by rain or melting snow. It is a type of mass movement, faster than an earthflow because it is lubricated by water. ..............................................

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Nappe  A mass of rocks which has been overfolded by repeated thrust faulting.

NAFTA The North American Free Trade Association. Established in 1994 between Canada, Mexico and the US to set up a free-trade zone.

NASA The National Aeronautics and Space Administration. It is a US government agency established in 1958 to develop manned and unmanned space programmes.

NATO The North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Established in 1949 to promote mutual defence and cooperation between its members, which are Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Poland, Spain, Turkey, UK , and US .

Nitrogen  The odourless, colourless gas which makes up 78% of the atmosphere. Within the soil, it is a vital nutrient for plants. Nomads (nomadic)  Wandering communities who move around in search of suitable pasture for their herds of animals. Nuclear fusion A technique used to create a new nucleus by the merging of two lighter ones, resulting in the release of large quantities of energy. .............................................

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Oasis  A fertile area in the midst of a desert, usually watered by an underground aquifer.

Oceanic ridge  A mid-ocean ridge formed, according to the theory of plate tectonics, when plates drift apart and hot magma pours through to form new oceanic crust.

brown coal. Found in large deposits in eastern Europe.

travelling in space, outside the Earth’s atmosphere.

Limestone  A porous sedimentary

Mezzogiorno  A term applied to the

by a small, exclusive group of people – such as an elite class or a family group.

rock formed from carbonate materials.

southern portion of Italy.

Onion-skin weathering  The

Lingua franca  The language adopted

Milankovitch hypothesis  A theory

weathering away or exfoliation of a rock or outcrop by the peeling off of surface layers.

as the common language between speakers whose native languages are different. This is common in former colonial states.

Lithosphere  The rigid upper layer of the Earth, comprising the crust and the upper part of the mantle.

Llanos  Vast grassland plains of northern South America.

Loess  Fine-grained, yellow deposits of unstratified silts and sands. Loess is believed to be wind-carried sediment created in the last Ice Age. Some deposits may later have been redistributed by rivers. Loess-derived soils are of high quality, fertile and easy to work.

Joint  A crack in a rock, formed

Longitude  A division of the Earth which pinpoints how far east or west a given place is from the Prime Meridian (0°) which runs through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England (UK). Imaginary lines of longitude are drawn around the world from pole to pole. The world is divided into 360 degrees.

Jute  A plant fibre used to make coarse ropes, sacks and matting.

Mantle The layer of the Earth

Association. Established in 1980, its members are Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuala. It aims to promote economic cooperation between member states.

westerly winds in the troposphere, at altitudes above 39,000 ft (12,000 m). Jet streams tend to blow more strongly in winter and include: the subtropical jet stream; the polar front jet stream in mid-latitudes; the Arctic jet stream; and the polar-night jet stream.

where blocks of rock have not shifted relative to each other, as is the case with a fault. Joints are created by folding; by shrinkage in igneous rock as it cools or sedimentary rock as it dries out; and by the release of pressure in a rock mass when overlying materials are removed by erosion.

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Magma Underground, molten rock,

up to 6.5 ft (2 m) wide at the top and extending 32 ft (10 m) deep. They are found in cracks in polygonally-patterned ground in periglacial regions.

organism preserved in the Earth’s crust.

Fossil dune  A dune formed in a

M

Kame  A mound of stratified sand and

temperature of the atmosphere. Shortwave solar radiation travels through the atmosphere unimpeded to the Earth’s surface, whereas outgoing, long-wave terrestrial radiation is absorbed by materials that re-radiate it back to the Earth. Radiation trapped in this way, by water vapour, carbon dioxide and other ‘greenhouse gases’, keeps the Earth warm. As more carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere by the burning of fossil fuels, the greenhouse effect may cause a global increase in temperature.

Fossil  The remains, or traces, of a dead

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Monsoon  A wind which changes

Longshore drift The transport of sand and silt along the coast, carried by waves hitting the beach at an angle.

suggesting that there are a series of cycles which slightly alter the Earth’s position when rotating about the Sun. The cycles identified all affect the amount of radiation the Earth receives at different latitudes. The theory is seen as a key factor in the cause of ice ages.

Millet  A grain-crop, forming part of the staple diet in much of Africa.

Mistral  A strong, dry, cold northerly or north-westerly wind, which blows from the Massif Central of France to the Mediterranean Sea. It is common in winter and its cold blasts can cause crop damage in the Rhône Delta, in France. Mohorovicic  discontinuity (Moho) The structural divide at the margin between the Earth’s crust and the mantle. On average it is 20 miles (35 km) below the continents and 6 miles (10 km) below the oceans. The different densities of the crust and the mantle cause earthquake waves to accelerate at this point.

Monarchy  A form of government in which the head of state is a single hereditary monarch. The monarch may be a mere figurehead, or may retain significant authority.

Oligarchy  The government of a state

Oriente  A flatter region lying to the east of the Andes in South America. Outwash plain  Glaciofluvial material (typically clay, sand and gravel) carried beyond an ice sheet by meltwater streams, forming a broad, flat deposit.

Oxbow lake  A crescent-shaped lake formed on a river flood plain when a river erodes the outside bend of a meander, making the neck of the meander narrower until the river cuts across the neck. The meander is cut off and is dammed off with sediment, creating an oxbow lake. Also known as a cut-off or mortlake. Oxidation  A form of chemical weathering where oxygen dissolved in water reacts with minerals in rocks – particularly iron – to form oxides. Oxidation causes brown or yellow staining on rocks, and eventually leads to the break down of the rock. Oxygen  A colourless, odourless gas which is one of the main constituents of the Earth’s atmosphere and is essential to life on Earth.

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GLOSSARY Ozone layer A layer of enriched oxygen (03) within the stratosphere, mostly between 18–50 miles (30–80 km) above the Earth’s surface. It is vital to the existence of life on Earth because it absorbs harmful shortwave ultraviolet radiation, while allowing beneficial longer wave ultraviolet radiation to penetrate to the Earth’s surface. ...............................................

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Pacific Rim The name given to the economically-dynamic countries bordering the Pacific Ocean. Pack ice Ice masses more than 10 ft (3 m) thick which form on the sea surface and are not attached to a landmass.

Pancake ice Thin discs of ice, up to 8 ft (2.4 m) wide which form when slicks of grease ice are tossed together by winds and stormy seas.

Pangaea In the theory of continental drift, Pangaea is the original great land mass which, about 190 million years ago, began to split into Gondwanaland in the south and Laurasia in the north, separated by the Tethys Sea.

Pastoralism Grazing of livestock– usually sheep, goats or cattle. Pastoralists in many drier areas have traditionally been nomadic. Parallel see Latitude. Peat Ancient, partially-decomposed vegetation found in wet, boggy conditions where there is little oxygen. It is the first stage in the development of coal and is often dried for use as fuel. It is also used to improve soil quality.

Pediment A gently-sloping ramp of bedrock below a steeper slope, often found at mountain edges in desert areas, but also in other climatic zones. Pediments may include depositional elements such as alluvial fans.

Peninsula A thin strip of land surrounded on three of its sides by water. Large examples include Florida and Korea.

Per capita Latin term meaning ‘for

Pleistocene A period of geological time spanning from about 5.2 million years ago to 1.6 million years ago. Plutonic rock Igneous rocks found deep below the surface. They are coarse-grained because they cooled and solidified slowly.

Polar The zones within the Arctic and Antarctic circles.

Polje A long, broad depression found in karst (limestone) regions.

Polygonal patterning Typical ground patterning, found in areas where the soil is subject to severe frost action, often in periglacial regions. Porosity A measure of how much water can be held within a rock or a soil. Porosity is measured as the percentage of holes or pores in a material, compared to its total volume. For example, the porosity of slate is less than 1%, whereas that of gravel is 25–35%.

Prairies Originally a French word for grassy plains with few or no trees.

Pre-Cambrian The earliest period of geological time dating from over 570 million years ago. Precipitation The fall of moisture from the atmosphere onto the surface of the Earth, whether as dew, hail, rain, sleet or snow.

Pyramidal peak A steep, isolated mountain summit, formed when the back walls of three or more cirques are cut back and move towards each other. The cliffs around such a horned peak, or horn, are divided by sharp arêtes. The Matterhorn in the Swiss Alps is an example.

Pyroclasts Fragments of rock ejected during volcanic eruptions. .............................................

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Quaternary The current period of geological time, which started about 1.6 million years ago.

each person’.

Periglacial Regions on the edges of ice sheets or glaciers or, more commonly, cold regions experiencing intense frost action, permafrost or both. Periglacial climates bring long, freezing winters and short, mild summers.

Permafrost Permanently frozen ground, typical of Arctic regions. Although a layer of soil above the permafrost melts in summer, the melted water does not drain through the permafrost.

Permeable rocks Rocks through which water can seep, because they are either porous or cracked.

Pharmaceuticals The manufacture of medicinal drugs.

Phreatic eruption A volcanic eruption which occurs when lava combines with groundwater, superheating the water and causing a sudden emission of steam at the surface.

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Radiation The emission of energy in the form of particles or waves. Radiation from the sun includes heat, light, ultraviolet rays, gamma rays and X-rays. Only some of the solar energy radiated into space reaches the Earth. Rainforest Dense forests in tropical zones with high rainfall, temperature and humidity. Strictly, the term applies to the equatorial rainforest in tropical lowlands with constant rainfall and no seasonal change. The Congo and Amazon basins are examples. The term is applied more loosely to lush forest in other climates. Within rainforests organic life is dense and varied: at least 40% of all plant and animal species are found here and there may be as many as 100 tree species per hectare.

Physical weathering (mechanical weathering) The breakdown of rocks by physical, as opposed to chemical, processes. Examples include: changes in pressure or temperature; the effect of windblown sand; the pressure of growing salt crystals in cracks within rock; and the expansion and contraction of water within rock as it freezes and thaws.

Rainshadow An area which

Pingo A dome of earth with a core

obtaining information about the environment using unmanned equipment, such as a satellite, which relays the information to a point where it is collected and used.

of ice, found in tundra regions. Pingos are formed either when groundwater freezes and expands, pushing up the land surface, or when trapped, freezing water in a lake expands and pushes up lake sediments to form the pingo dome.

Placer A belt of mineral-bearing rock strata lying at or close to the Earth’s surface, from which minerals can be easily extracted.

Plain A flat, level region of land, often relatively low-lying.

Plateau A highland tract of flat land. Plate see Tectonic plates. Plate tectonics The study of tectonic plates, which helps to explain continental drift, mountain formation and volcanic activity. The movement of tectonic plates may be explained by the currents of rock rising and falling from within the Earth’s mantle, as it heats up and then cools. The boundaries of the plates are known as plate margins and most mountains, earthquakes and volcanoes occur at these margins. Constructive margins are moving apart; destructive margins are crunching together and conservative margins are sliding past one another.

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experiences low rainfall, because of its position on the leeward side of a mountain range.

Reg A large area of stony desert, where tightly-packed gravel lies on top of clayey sand. A reg is formed where the wind blows away the finer sand.

Remote-sensing Method of

Resistance The capacity of a rock to resist denudation, by processes such as weathering and erosion.

Ria A flooded V-shaped river valley or estuary, flooded by a rise in sea level (eustacy) or sinking land. It is shorter than a fjord and gets deeper as it meets the sea. Rift valley A long, narrow depression in the Earth’s crust, formed by the sinking of rocks between two faults.

River channel The trough which contains a river and is moulded by the flow of water within it.

Roche moutonée A rock found in a glaciated valley. The side facing the flow of the glacier has been smoothed and rounded, while the other side has been left more rugged because the glacier, as it flows over it, has plucked out frozen fragments and carried them away.

Runoff Water draining from a land surface by flowing across it.

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Sabkha The floor of an isolated

depression which occurs in an arid environment – usually covered by salt deposits and devoid of vegetation.

SADC Southern African Development

Community. Established in 1992 to promote economic integration between its member states, which are Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe.

Salt plug A rounded hill produced

Soil erosion The wearing away of soil more quickly than it is replaced by natural processes. Soil can be carried away by wind as well as by water. Human activities, such as over-grazing and the clearing of land for farming, accelerate the process in many areas.

Solar energy Energy derived from the Sun. Solar energy is converted into other forms of energy. For example, the wind and waves, as well as the creation of plant material in photosynthesis, depend on solar energy.

Solifluction A kind of soil creep,

Syncline A basin-shaped downfold in rock strata, created when the strata are compressed, for example where tectonic plates collide. ...............................................

T

..................................................

Tableland A highland area with a flat or gently undulating surface. Taiga The belt of coniferous forest found in the north of Asia and North America. The conifers are adapted to survive low temperatures and long periods of snowfall.

by the upward doming of rock strata caused by the movement of salt or other evaporite deposits under intense pressure.

where water in the surface layer has saturated the soil and rock debris which slips slowly downhill. It often happens where frozen top-layer deposits thaw, leaving frozen layers below them.

Sastrugi Ice ridges formed by wind

Sorghum A type of grass found in

Savannah Open grassland found

South America, similar to sugar cane. When refined it is used to make molasses.

Tectonic plates Plates, or tectonic plates, are the rigid slabs which form the Earth’s outer shell, the lithosphere. Eight big plates and several smaller ones have been identified.

Spit A thin linear deposit of sand or

Temperate A moderate climate

shingle extending from the sea shore. Spits are formed as angled waves shift sand along the beach, eventually extending a ridge of sand beyond a change in the angle of the coast. Spits are common where the coastline bends, especially at estuaries.

without extremes of temperature, typical of the mid-latitudes between the tropics and the polar circles.

action. They lie parallel to the direction of the wind.

between the zone of deserts, and that of tropical rainforests in the tropics and subtropics. Scattered trees and shrubs are found in some kinds of savannah. A savannah climate usually has wet and dry seasons.

Scarp see Escarpment. Scree Piles of rock fragments

beneath a cliff or rock face, caused by mechanical weathering, especially frost shattering, where the expansion and contraction of freezing and thawing water within the rock, gradually breaks it up.

Sea-floor spreading The process

whereby tectonic plates move apart, allowing hot magma to erupt and solidify. This forms a new sea floor and, ultimately, widens the ocean.

Seamount An isolated, submarine mountain or hill, probably of volcanic origin.

Squash A type of edible gourd. Stack A tall, isolated pillar of rock near a coastline, created as wave action erodes away the adjacent rock. Stalactite A tapering cylinder of mineral deposit, hanging from the roof of a cave in a karst area. It is formed by calcium carbonate, dissolved in water, which drips through the roof of a limestone cavern. Stalagmite A cone of calcium

and deposited by rivers, sea, ice or wind.

carbonate, similar to a stalactite, rising from the floor of a limestone cavern and formed when drops of water fall from the roof of a limestone cave. If the water has dripped from a stalactite above the stalagmite, the two may join to form a continuous pillar.

Sedimentary rocks Rocks formed

Staple crop The main crop on

Season A period of time linked

to regular changes in the weather, especially the intensity of solar radiation.

Sediment Grains of rock transported

from the debris of pre-existing rocks or of organic material. They are found in many environments – on the ocean floor, on beaches, rivers and deserts. Organically-formed sedimentary rocks include coal and chalk. Other sedimentary rocks, such as flint, are formed by chemical processes. Most of these rocks contain fossils, which can be used to date them.

which a country is economically and or physically reliant. For example, the major crop grown for large-scale local consumption in South Asia is rice.

Seif A sand dune which lies parallel

virtually horizontal layer of deposited material, lying parallel to other layers.

to the direction of the prevailing wind. Seifs form steep-sided ridges, sometimes extending for miles.

Seismic activity Movement within the Earth, such as an earthquake or tremor.

Selva A region of wet forest found in the Amazon Basin.

Semi-arid, semi-desert The climate and landscape which lies between savannah and desert or between savannah and a mediterranean climate. In semi-arid conditions there is a little more moisture than in a true desert; and more patches of drought-resistant vegetation can survive.

Shale (marine shale) A compacted sedimentary rock, with fine-grained particles. Marine shale is formed on the seabed. Fuel such as oil may be extracted from it. Sheetwash Water which runs downhill

in thin sheets without forming channels. It can cause sheet erosion.

Sheet erosion The washing away of soil by a thin film or sheet of water, known as sheetwash. Shield A vast stable block of the

Earth’s crust, which has experienced little or no mountain-building.

Sierra The Spanish word for mountains. Sinkhole A circular depression in a limestone region. They are formed by the collapse of an underground cave system or the chemical weathering of the limestone.

Sisal A plant-fibre used to make matting. Slash and burn A farming technique involving the cutting down and burning of scrub forest, to create agricultural land. After a number of seasons this land is abandoned and the process is repeated. This practice is common in Africa and South America. Slip face The steep leeward side of a

sand dune or slope. Opposite side to a back slope.

Soil A thin layer of rock particles

mixed with the remains of dead plants and animals. This occurs naturally on the surface of the Earth and provides a medium for plants to grow.

Soil creep The very gradual downslope

movement of rock debris and soil, under the influence of gravity. This is a type of mass movement.

Steppe Large areas of dry grassland in the northern hemisphere – particularly found in southeast Europe and central Asia.

Strata The plural of stratum, a distinct, Stratosphere A layer of the atmosphere, above the troposphere, extending from about 7–30 miles (11–50 km) above the Earth’s surface. In the lower part of the stratosphere, the temperature is relatively stable and there is little moisture.

Strike-slip fault Occurs where plates move sideways past each other and blocks of rocks move horizontally in relation to each other, not up or down as in normal faults.

Subduction zone A region where two tectonic plates collide, forcing one beneath the other. Typically, a dense oceanic plate dips below a lighter continental plate, melting in the heat of the asthenosphere. This is why the zone is also called a destructive margins (see Plate tectonics). These zones are characterized by earthquakes, volcanoes, mountain–building and the development of oceanic trenches and island arcs.

Submarine canyon A steep-sided valley, which extends along the continental shelf to the ocean floor. Often formed by turbidity currents.

Submarine fan Deposits of silt and alluvium, carried by large rivers forming great fan-shaped deposits on the ocean floor.

Subsistence agriculture An agricultural practice, whereby enough food is produced to support the farmer and his dependents, but not providing any surplus to generate an income.

Subtropical A term applied loosely to climates which are nearly tropical or tropical for a part of the year – areas north or south of the tropics but outside the temperate zone.

Supercontinent A large continent that breaks up to form smaller continents or which forms when smaller continents merge. In the theory of continental drift, the supercontinents are Pangaea, Gondwanaland and Laurasia. Sustainable development An approach to development, applied to economies across the world which exploit natural resources without destroying them or the environment.

Tarn A Scottish term for a small mountain lake, usually found at the head of a glacier.

Theocracy A state governed by religious laws – today Iran is the world’s largest theocracy. Thermokarst Subsidence created by the thawing of ground ice in periglacial areas, creating depressions.

Thermosphere A layer of the Earth’s atmosphere which lies above the mesophere, about 60–300 miles (100–500 km) above the Earth Terraces Steps cut into steep slopes to create flat surfaces for cultivating crops. They also help reduce soil erosion on unconsolidated slopes. They are most common in heavily-populated parts of Southeast Asia.

Till Unstratified glacial deposits or drift left by a glacier or ice sheet. Till includes mixtures of clay, sand, gravel and boulders. Topography The typical shape and features of a given area such as land height and terrain.

Tombolo A large sand spit which attaches part of the mainland to an island.

Tornado A violent, spiralling windstorm, with a centre of very low pressure. Wind speeds reach 200 mph (320 kmph) and there is often thunder and heavy rain. Transform fault In plate tectonics, a fault of continental scale, occurring where two plates slide past each other, staying close together for example, the San Andreas Fault, USA. The jerky, uneven movement creates earthquakes but does not destroy or add to the Earth’s crust Transpiration The loss of water vapour through the pores (or stomata) of plants. The process helps to return moisture to the atmosphere. Trap An area of fine-grained igneous rock which has been extruded and cooled on the Earth’s surface in stages, forming a series of steps or terraces.

Treeline The line beyond which trees cannot grow, dependent on latitude and altitude, as well as local factors such as soil.

Tremor A slight earthquake. Trench (oceanic trench) A long, deep trough in the ocean floor, formed, according to the theory of plate tectonics, when two plates collide and one dives under the other, creating a subduction zone. Tropics The zone between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn where the climate is hot. Tropical climate is also applied to areas rather further north and south of the Equator where the climate is similar to that of the true tropics.

Tropic of Cancer A line of latitude or imaginary circle round the Earth, lying at 23° 28' N. Tropic of Capricorn A line of latitude or imaginary circle round the Earth, lying at 23° 28' S. Troposphere The lowest layer of the Earth’s atmosphere. From the surface, it reaches a height of between 4–10 miles (7–16 km). It is the most turbulent zone of the atmosphere and accounts for the generation of most of the world’s weather. The layer above it is called the stratosphere.

Tsunami A huge wave created by shock waves from an earthquake under the sea. Reaching speeds of up to 600 mph (960 kmph), the wave may increase to heights of 50 ft (15 m) on entering coastal waters; and it can cause great damage.

Tundra The treeless plains of the Arctic Circle, found south of the polar region of permanent ice and snow, and north of the belt of coniferous forests known as taiga. In this region of long, very cold winters, vegetation is usually limited to mosses, lichens, sedges and rushes, although flowers and dwarf shrubs blossom in the brief summer. Turbidity current An oceanic feature. A turbidity current is a mass of sediment-laden water which has substantial erosive power. Turbidity currents are thought to contribute to the formation of submarine canyons. Typhoon A kind of hurricane (or tropical cyclone) bringing violent winds and heavy rain, a typhoon can do great damage. They occur in the South China Sea, especially around the Philippines. ..............................................

U

.................................................

U-shaped valley A river valley that has been deepened and widened by a glacier. They are characteristically flatbottomed and steep-sided and generally much deeper than river valleys. UN United Nations. Established in 1945, it contains 188 nations and aims to maintain international peace and security, and promote co-operation over economic, social, cultural and humanitarian problems. UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund. A UN organization set up to promote family and child related programmes.

Urstromtäler A German word used to describe meltwater channels which flowed along the front edge of the advancing ice sheet during the last Ice Age, 18,000–20,000 years ago. ...............................................

V

.................................................

V-shaped valley A typical valley eroded by a river in its upper course. Virgin rainforest Tropical rainforest in its original state, untouched by human activity such as logging, clearance for agriculture, settlement or road building. Viticulture The cultivation of grapes for wine.

Volcano An opening or vent in the Earth’s crust where molten rock, magma, erupts. Volcanoes tend to be conical but may also be a crack in the Earth’s surface or a hole blasted through a mountain. The magma is accompanied by other materials such as gas, steam and fragments of rock, or pyroclasts. They tend to occur on destructive or constructive tectonic plate margins. .......................................

W-Z

..........................................

Wadi The dry bed left by a torrent of water. Also classified as a ephemeral stream, found in arid and semi-arid regions, which are subject to sudden and often severe flash flooding.

Warm humid climate A rainy climate with warm summers and mild winters.

Water cycle The continuous circulation of water between the Earth’s surface and the atmosphere. The processes include evaporation and transpiration of moisture into the atmosphere, and its return as precipitation, some of which flows into lakes and oceans.

Water table The upper level of groundwater saturation in permeable rock strata. Watershed The dividing line between one drainage basin – an area where all streams flow into a single river system – and another. In the US , watershed also means the whole drainage basin of a single river system – its catchment area. Waterspout A rotating column of water in the form of cloud, mist and spray which form on open water. Often has the appearance of a small tornado.

Weathering The decay and break-up of rocks at or near the Earth’s surface, caused by water, wind, heat or ice, organic material or the atmosphere. Physical weathering includes the effects of frost and temperature changes. Biological weathering includes the effects of plant roots, burrowing animals and the acids produced by animals, especially as they decay after death. Carbonation and hydrolysis are among many kinds of chemical weathering.

GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES

Geographical names The following glossary lists all geographical terms occurring on the maps and in main-entry names in the Index-Gazetteer. These terms may precede, follow or be run together with the proper element of the name; where they precede it the term is reversed for indexing purposes - thus Poluostrov Yamal is indexed as Yamal, Poluostrov.

Key Geographical term Language, Term

A..............................................

................................................

Å Danish, Norwegian, River Áb Persian, River Adrar Berber, Mountains Agía, Ágios Greek, Saint Air Indonesian, River Akrotírio Greek, Cape, point Alpen German, Alps Alt- German, Old Altiplanicie Spanish, Plateau Älv, -älven Swedish, River -ån Swedish, River Anse French, Bay ‘Aqabat Arabic, Pass Archipiélago Spanish, Archipelago Arcipelago Italian, Archipelago Arquipélago Portuguese, Archipelago Arrecife(s) Spanish, Reef(s) Aru Tamil, River Augstiene Latvian, Upland Auk#tuma Lithuanian, Upland Aust- Norwegian, Eastern Avtonomnyy Okrug Russian, Autonomous district Áw Kurdish, River ‘Ayn Arabic, Spring, well ‘Ayoûn Arabic, Wells ................................................

B...............................................

Baelt Danish, Strait Bahía Spanish, Bay Baír Arabic, River Baía Portuguese, Bay Baie French, Bay Bañado Spanish, Marshy land Bandao Chinese, Peninsula Banjaran Malay, Mountain range Barajı Turkish, Dam Barragem Portuguese, Reservoir Bassin French, Basin Batang Malay, Stream Beinn, Ben Gaelic, Mountain -berg Afrikaans, Norwegian, Mountain Besar Indonesian, Malay, Big Birkat, Birket Arabic, Lake, well, Boêazı Turkish, Strait, defile Boka Serbo-Croatian, Bay Bol’sh-aya, -iye, -oy, -oye Russian, Big Botigh(i) Uzbek, Depression basin -bre(en) Norwegian, Glacier Bredning Danish, Bay Bucht German, Bay Bugt(en) Danish, Bay Buíayrat Arabic, Lake, reservoir Buìeiret Arabic, Lake Bukit Malay, Mountain -bukta Norwegian, Bay bukten Swedish, Bay Bulag Mongolian, Spring Bulak Uighur, Spring Burnu Turkish, Cape, point Buuraha Somali, Mountains ................................................

C...............................................

Cabo Portuguese, Cape Caka Tibetan, Salt lake Canal Spanish, Channel Cap French, Cape Capo Italian, Cape, headland Cascada Portuguese, Waterfall Cayo(s) Spanish, Islet(s), rock(s) Cerro Spanish, Hill Chaîne French, Mountain range Chapada Portuguese, Hills, upland Chau Cantonese, Island Cháy Turkish, River Chhâk Cambodian, Bay Chhu Tibetan, River -chôsuji Korean, Reservoir Chott Arabic, Depression, salt lake Chûli Uzbek, Grassland, steppe Ch’ün-tao Chinese, Island group Chuôr Phnum Cambodian, Mountains Ciudad Spanish, City, town

Co Tibetan, Lake Colline(s) French, Hill(s) Cordillera Spanish, Mountain range Costa Spanish, Coast Côte French, Coast Coxilha Portuguese, Mountains Cuchilla Spanish, Mountains ...............................................

D..............................................

Daban Mongolian, Uighur, Pass Daêı Azerbaijani, Turkish, Mountain Daêları Azerbaijani, Turkish, Mountains -dake Japanese, Peak -dal(en) Norwegian, Valley Danau Indonesian, Lake Dao Chinese, Island Ãao Vietnamese, Island Daryá Persian, River Daryácheh Persian, Lake Dasht Persian, Desert, plain Dawíat Arabic, Bay Denizi Turkish, Sea Dere Turkish, Stream Desierto Spanish, Desert Dili Azerbaijani, Spit -do Korean, Island Dooxo Somali, Valley Düzü Azerbaijani, Steppe -dwíp Bengali, Island ................................................

E...............................................

-eilanden Dutch, Islands Embalse Spanish, Reservoir Ensenada Spanish, Bay Erg Arabic, Dunes Estany Catalan, Lake Estero Spanish, Inlet Estrecho Spanish, Strait Étang French, Lagoon, lake -ey Icelandic, Island Ezero Bulgarian, Macedonian, Lake Ezers Latvian, Lake

F

................................................. ...............................................

Feng Chinese, Peak -fjella Norwegian, Mountain Fjord Danish, Fjord -fjord(en) Danish, Norwegian, Swedish, fjord -fjördhur Icelandic, Fjord Fleuve French, River Fliegu Maltese, Channel -fljór Icelandic, River -flói Icelandic, Bay Forêt French, Forest ...............................................

G..............................................

-gan Japanese, Rock -gang Korean, River Ganga Hindi, Nepali, Sinhala, River Gaoyuan Chinese, Plateau Garagumy Turkmen, Sands -gawa Japanese, River Gebel Arabic, Mountain -gebirge German, Mountain range Ghadír Arabic, Well Ghubbat Arabic, Bay Gjiri Albanian, Bay Gol Mongolian, River Golfe French, Gulf Golfo Italian, Spanish, Gulf Göl(ü) Turkish, Lake Golyam, -a Bulgarian, Big Gora Russian, Serbo-Croatian, Mountain Góra Polish, mountain Gory Russian, Mountain Gryada Russian, ridge Guba Russian, Bay -gundo Korean, island group Gunung Malay, Mountain ...............................................

H

..............................................

Íadd Arabic, Spit -haehyôp Korean, Strait Haff German, Lagoon Hai Chinese, Bay, lake, sea Haixia Chinese, Strait Íammádah Arabic, Desert Íammádat Arabic, Rocky plateau Hámún Persian, Lake -hantó Japanese, Peninsula Har, Haré Hebrew, Mountain Íarrat Arabic, Lava-field Hav(et) Danish, Swedish, Sea Hawr Arabic, Lake Háyk’ Amharic, Lake He Chinese, River -hegység Hungarian, Mountain range Heide German, Heath, moorland Helodrano Malagasy, Bay Higashi- Japanese, East(ern) Íi§á’ Arabic, Well Hka Burmese, River -ho Korean, Lake ⁄olot Hebrew, Dunes Hora Belarussian, Czech, Mountain Hrada Belarussian, Mountain, ridge

Hsi Chinese, River Hu Chinese, Lake Huk Danish, Point

I

................................................. ................................................

Île(s) French, Island(s) Ilha(s) Portuguese, Island(s) Ilhéu(s) Portuguese, Islet(s) -isen Norwegian, Ice shelf Imeni Russian, In the name of Inish- Gaelic, Island Insel(n) German, Island(s) Irmaêı , Irmak Turkish, River Isla(s) Spanish, Island(s) Isola (Isole) Italian, Island(s)

J

................................................. ................................................

Jabal Arabic, Mountain Jál Arabic, Ridge -järv Estonian, Lake -järvi Finnish, Lake Jazá’ir Arabic, Islands Jazírat Arabic, Island Jazíreh Persian, Island Jebel Arabic, Mountain Jezero Serbo-Croatian, Lake Jezioro Polish, Lake Jiang Chinese, River -jima Japanese, Island Jiªní Czech, Southern -jõgi Estonian, River -joki Finnish, River -jökull Icelandic, Glacier Jún Arabic, Bay Juzur Arabic, Islands ................................................

K...............................................

Kaikyó Japanese, Strait -kaise Lappish, Mountain Kali Nepali, River Kalnas Lithuanian, Mountain Kalns Latvian, Mountain Kang Chinese, Harbour Kangri Tibetan, Mountain(s) Kaôh Cambodian, Island Kapp Norwegian, Cape Káto Greek, Lower Kavír Persian, Desert K’edi Georgian, Mountain range Kediet Arabic, Mountain Kepi Albanian, Cape, point Kepulauan Indonesian, Malay, Island group Khalîg, Khalíj Arabic, Gulf Khawr Arabic, Inlet Khola Nepali, River Khrebet Russian, Mountain range Ko Thai, Island -ko Japanese, Inlet, lake Kólpos Greek, Bay -kopf German, Peak Körfäzi Azerbaijani, Bay Körfezi Turkish, Bay Kõrgustik Estonian, Upland Kosa Russian, Ukrainian, Spit Koshi Nepali, River Kou Chinese, River-mouth Kowtal Persian, Pass Kray Russian, Region, territory Kryazh Russian, Ridge Kuduk Uighur, Well Kúh(há) Persian, Mountain(s) -kul’ Russian, Lake Kûl(i) Tajik, Uzbek, Lake -kundo Korean, Island group -kysten Norwegian, Coast Kyun Burmese, Island ................................................

L...............................................

Laaq Somali, Watercourse Lac French, Lake Lacul Romanian, Lake Lagh Somali, Stream Lago Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Lake Lagoa Portuguese, Lagoon Laguna Italian, Spanish, Lagoon, lake Laht Estonian, Bay Laut Indonesian, Bay Lembalemba Malagasy, Plateau Lerr Armenian, Mountain Lerrnashght’a Armenian, Mountain range Les Czech, Forest Lich Armenian, Lake Liehtao Chinese, Island group Liqeni Albanian, Lake Límni Greek, Lake Ling Chinese, Mountain range Llano Spanish, Plain, prairie Lumi Albanian, River Lyman Ukrainian, Estuary

M.............................................

...............................................

Madínat Arabic, City, town Mae Nam Thai, River -mägi Estonian, Hill Maja Albanian, Mountain Mal Albanian, Mountains

...............................................

Mal-aya, -oye, -yy, Russian, Small -man Korean, Bay Mar Spanish, Sea Marios Lithuanian, Lake Massif French, Mountains Meer German, Lake -meer Dutch, Lake Melkosopochnik Russian, Plain -meri Estonian, Sea Mifra∞ Hebrew, Bay Minami- Japanese, South(ern) -misaki Japanese, Cape, point Monkhafad Arabic, Depression Montagne(s) French, Mountain(s) Montañas Spanish, Mountains Mont(s) French, Mountain(s) Monte Italian, Portuguese, Mountain More Russian, Sea Mörön Mongolian, River Mys Russian, Cape, point ...............................................

N..............................................

-nada Japanese, Open stretch of water Nadi Bengali, River Nagor’ye Russian, Upland Na¡al Hebrew, River Nahr Arabic, River Nam Laotian, River Namakzár Persian, Salt desert Né-a, -on, -os Greek, New Nedre- Norwegian, Lower -neem Estonian, Cape, point Nehri Turkish, River -nes Norwegian, Cape, point Nevado Spanish, Mountain (snow-capped) Nieder- German, Lower Nishi- Japanese, West(ern) -nísi Greek, Island Nisoi Greek, Islands Nizhn-eye, -iy, -iye, -yaya Russian, Lower Nizmennost’ Russian, Lowland, plain Nord Danish, French, German, North Norte Portuguese, Spanish, North Nos Bulgarian, Point, spit Nosy Malagasy, Island Nov-a, -i , Bulgarian, Serbo-Croatian, New Nov-aya, -o, -oye, -yy, -yye Russian, New Now-a, -e, -y Polish, New Nur Mongolian, Lake Nuruu Mongolian, Mountains Nuur Mongolian, Lake Nyzovyna Ukrainian, Lowland, plain ...............................................

O..............................................

-ø Danish, Island Ober- German, Upper Oblast’ Russian, Province Órmos Greek, Bay Orol(i) Uzbek, Island Øster- Norwegian, Eastern Ostrov(a) Russian, Island(s) Otok Serbo-Croatian, Island Oued Arabic, Watercourse -oy Faeroese, Island -øy(a) Norwegian, Island Oya Sinhala, River Ozero Russian, Ukrainian, Lake ................................................

P...............................................

Passo Italian, Pass Pegunungan Indonesian, Malay, Mountain range Pélagos Greek, Sea Pendi Chinese, Basin Penisola Italian, Peninsula Pertuis French, Strait Peski Russian, Sands Phanom Thai, Mountain Phou Laotian, Mountain Pi Chinese, Point Pic Catalan, French, Peak Pico Portuguese, Spanish, Peak -piggen Danish, Peak Pik Russian, Peak Pivostriv Ukrainian, Peninsula Planalto Portuguese, Plateau Planina, Planini Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbo-Croatian, Mountain range Plato Russian, Plateau Ploskogor’ye Russian, Upland Poluostrov Russian, Peninsula Ponta Portuguese, Point Porthmós Greek, Strait Pótamos Greek, River Presa Spanish, Dam Prokhod Bulgarian, Pass Proliv Russian, Strait Pulau Indonesian Malay, Island Pulu Malay, Island Punta Spanish, Point Pushcha Belorussian, Forest Puszcza Polish, Forest

Q..............................................

Qá‘ Arabic, Depression Qalamat Arabic, Well Qatorkûh(i) Tajik, Mountain Qiuling Chinese, Hills Qolleh Persian, Mountain Qu Tibetan, Stream Quan Chinese, Well Qulla(i) Tajik, Peak Qundao Chinese, Island group ................................................

R...............................................

Raas Somali, Cape -rags Latvian, Cape Ramlat Arabic, Sands Ra’s Arabic, Cape, headland, point Ravnina Bulgarian, Russian, Plain Récif French, Reef Recife Portuguese, Reef Reka Bulgarian, River Represa (Rep.) Portuguese, Spanish, Reservoir Reshteh Persian, Mountain range Respublika Russian, Republic, firstorder administrative division Respublika(si) Uzbek, Republic, firstorder administrative division -retsugan Japanese, Chain of rocks -rettó Japanese, Island chain Riacho Spanish, Stream Riban’ Malagasy, Mountains Rio Portuguese, River Río Spanish, River Riu Catalan, River Rivier Dutch, River Rivière French, River Rowd Pashtu, River Rt Serbo-Croatian, Point Rúd Persian, River Rúdkháneh Persian, River Rudohorie Slovak, Mountains Ruisseau French, Stream ................................................

S...............................................

-saar Estonian, Island -saari Finnish, Island Sabkhat Arabic, Salt marsh Ságar(a) Hindi, Lake, reservoir fiaírá’ Arabic, Desert Saint, Sainte French, Saint Salar Spanish, Salt-pan Salto Portuguese, Spanish, Waterfall Samudra Sinhala, Reservoir -san Japanese, Korean, Mountain -sanchi Japanese, Mountains -sandur Icelandic, Beach Sankt German, Swedish, Saint -sanmaek Korean, Mountain range -sanmyaku Japanese, Mountain range San, Santa, Santo Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Saint São Portuguese, Saint Sarír Arabic, Desert Sebkha, Sebkhet Arabic, Depression, salt marsh Sedlo Czech, Pass See German, Lake Selat Indonesian, Strait Selatan Indonesian, Southern -selkä Finnish, Lake, ridge Selseleh Persian, Mountain range Serra Portuguese, Mountain Serranía Spanish, Mountain -seto Japanese, Channel, strait Sever-naya, -noye, -nyy, -o Russian, Northern Sha’íb Arabic, Watercourse Shákh Kurdish, Mountain Shamo Chinese, Desert Shan Chinese, Mountain(s) Shankou Chinese, Pass Shanmo Chinese, Mountain range Sha√√ Arabic, Distributary Shet’ Amharic, River Shi Chinese, Municipality -shima Japanese, Island Shiqqat Arabic, Depression -shotó Japanese, Group of islands Shuiku Chinese, Reservoir Shûrkhog(i) Uzbek, Salt marsh Sierra Spanish, Mountains Sint Dutch, Saint -sjø(en) Norwegian, Lake -sjön Swedish, Lake Solonchak Russian, Salt lake Solonchakovyye Vpadiny Russian, Salt basin, wetlands Sòn Vietnamese, Mountain Sông Vietnamese, River Sør- Norwegian, Southern -spitze German, Peak Star-á, -é Czech, Old Star-aya, -oye, -yy, -yye Russian, Old Stenó Greek, Strait Step’ Russian, Steppe ‹tít Slovak, Peak Stœng Cambodian, River Stolovaya Strana Russian, Plateau Stredné Slovak, Middle Stüední Czech, Middle Stretto Italian, Strait Su Anbarı Azerbaijani, Reservoir -suidó Japanese, Channel, strait Sund Swedish, Sound, strait Sungai Indonesian, Malay, River Suu Turkish, River

................................................

T...............................................

Tal Mongolian, Plain Tandavan’ Malagasy, Mountain range Tangorombohitr’ Malagasy, Mountain massif Tanjung Indonesian, Malay, Cape, point Tao Chinese, Island ◊araq Arabic, Hills Tassili Berber, Mountain, plateau Tau Russian, Mountain(s) Taungdan Burmese, Mountain range Techníti Límni Greek, Reservoir Tekojärvi Finnish, Reservoir Teluk Indonesian, Malay, Bay Tengah Indonesian, Middle Terara Amharic, Mountain Timur Indonesian, Eastern -tind(an) Norwegian, Peak Tizma(si) Uzbek, Mountain range, ridge -tó Japanese, island Tog Somali, Valley -tóge Japanese, pass Togh(i) Uzbek, mountain Tônlé Cambodian, Lake Top Dutch, Peak -tunturi Finnish, Mountain ◊uráq Arabic, hills Tur‘at Arabic, Channel ...............................................

U..............................................

Udde(n) Swedish, Cape, point ‘Uqlat Arabic, Well Utara Indonesian, Northern Uul Mongolian, Mountains

V..............................................

................................................

Väin Estonian, Strait Vallée French, Valley Varful Romanian, Peak -vatn Icelandic, Lake -vatnet Norwegian, Lake Velayat Turkmen, Province -vesi Finnish, Lake Vestre- Norwegian, Western -vidda Norwegian, Plateau -vík Icelandic, Bay -viken Swedish, Bay, inlet Vinh Vietnamese, Bay Víztárloló Hungarian, Reservoir Vodaskhovishcha Belarussian, Reservoir Vodokhranilishche (Vdkhr.) Russian, Reservoir Vodoskhovyshche (Vdskh.) Ukrainian, Reservoir Volcán Spanish, Volcano Vostochn-o, yy Russian, Eastern Vozvyshennost’ Russian, Upland, plateau Vozyera Belarussian, Lake Vpadina Russian, Depression Vrchovina Czech, Mountains Vrh Croat, Slovene, Peak Vychodné Slovak, Eastern Vysochyna Ukrainian, Upland Vysoâina Czech, Upland ..............................................

W.............................................

Waadi Somali, Watercourse Wádí Arabic Watercourse Wáíat, Wâhat Arabic, Oasis Wald German, Forest Wan Chinese, Bay Way Indonesian, River Webi Somali, River Wenz Amharic, River Wiloyat(i) Uzbek, Province Wyæyna Polish, Upland Wzgórza Polish, Upland Wzvyshsha Belarussian, Upland ...............................................

X..............................................

Xé Laotian, River Xi Chinese, Stream ...............................................

Y..............................................

-yama Japanese, Mountain Yanchi Chinese, Salt lake Yanhu Chinese, Salt lake Yarımadası Azerbaijani, Turkish, Peninsula Yaylası Turkish, Plateau Yazovir Bulgarian, Reservoir Yoma Burmese, Mountains Ytre- Norwegian, Outer Yu Chinese, Islet Yunhe Chinese, Canal Yuzhn-o, -yy Russian, Southern ................................................

Z...............................................

-zaki Japanese, Cape, point Zaliv Bulgarian, Russian, Bay -zan Japanese, Mountain Zangbo Tibetan, River Zapadn-aya, -o, -yy Russian, Western Západné Slovak, Western Západní Czech, Western Zatoka Polish, Ukrainian, Bay -zee Dutch, Sea Zemlya Russian, Earth, land Zizhiqu Chinese, Autonomous region

211

100 Mile House – Ābuyē Mēda

I ndex G lossary

of

a bbrevIatIons

This glossary provides a comprehensive guide to the abbreviations used in this Atlas, and in the Index.

A abbrev. abbreviated AD Anno Domini Afr. Afrikaans Alb. Albanian Amh. Amharic anc. ancient approx. approximately Ar. Arabic Arm. Armenian ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations ASSR Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic Aust. Australian Az. Azerbaijani Azerb. Azerbaijan

B Basq. Basque BC before Christ Bel. Belorussian Ben. Bengali Ber. Berber B-H BosniaHerzegovina bn billion (one thousand million) BP British Petroleum Bret. Breton Brit. British Bul. Bulgarian Bur. Burmese

C C central C. Cape ˚C degrees Centigrade CACM Central America Common Market Cam. Cambodian Cant. Cantonese CAR Central African Republic Cast. Castilian Cat. Catalan CEEAC Central America Common Market Chin. Chinese CIS Commonwealth of Independent States cm centimetre(s) Cro. Croat Cz. Czech Czech Rep. Czech Republic

D Dan. Danish Div. Divehi Dom. Rep. Dominican Republic Dut. Dutch

E E east EC see EU EEC see EU ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States ECU European Currency Unit EMS European Monetary System Eng. English est estimated Est. Estonian EU European Union (previously European Community [EC], European Economic Community [EEC])

F

N

˚F degrees Fahrenheit Faer. Faeroese Fij. Fijian Fin. Finnish Fr. French Fris. Frisian ft foot/feet FYROM Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

G g gram(s) Gael. Gaelic Gal. Galician GDP Gross Domestic Product (the total value of goods and services produced by a country excluding income from foreign countries) Geor. Georgian Ger. German Gk Greek GNP Gross National Product (the total value of goods and services produced by a country)

H Heb. Hebrew HEP hydro-electric power Hind. Hindi hist. historical Hung. Hungarian

I I. Island Icel. Icelandic in inch(es) In. Inuit (Eskimo) Ind. Indonesian Intl International Ir. Irish Is Islands It. Italian

J Jap. Japanese

K Kaz. Kazakh kg kilogram(s) Kir. Kirghiz km kilometre(s) km2 square kilometre (singular) Kor. Korean Kurd. Kurdish

L L. Lake LAIA Latin American Integration Association Lao. Laotian Lapp. Lappish Lat. Latin Latv. Latvian Liech. Liechtenstein Lith. Lithuanian Lus. Lusatian Lux. Luxembourg

M m million/metre(s) Mac. Macedonian Maced. Macedonia Mal. Malay Malg. Malagasy Malt. Maltese mi. mile(s) Mong. Mongolian Mt. Mountain Mts Mountains

N north NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement Nep. Nepali Neth. Netherlands Nic. Nicaraguan Nor. Norwegian NZ New Zealand

P Pash. Pashtu PNG Papua New Guinea Pol. Polish Poly. Polynesian Port. Portuguese prev. previously

R Rep. Republic Res. Reservoir Rmsch Romansch Rom. Romanian Rus. Russian Russ. Fed. Russian Federation

S S south SADC Southern Africa Development Community SCr. Serbian, Croatian Sinh. Sinhala Slvk Slovak Slvn. Slovene Som. Somali Sp. Spanish St., St Saint Strs Straits Swa. Swahili Swe. Swedish Switz. Switzerland

Th i s i n de x l i st s all the placenames and features shown on the regional and continental maps in this Atlas. Placenames are referenced to the largest scale map on which they appear. The policy followed throughout the Atlas is to use the local spelling or local name at regional level; commonly-used English language names may occasionally be added (in parentheses) where this is an aid to identification e.g. Firenze (Florence). English names, where they exist, have been used for all international features e.g. oceans and country names; they are also used on the continental maps and in the introductory World Today section; these are then fully cross-referenced to the local names found on the regional maps. The index also contains commonly-found alternative names and variant spellings, which are also fully cross-referenced. All main entry names are those of settlements unless otherwise indicated by the use of italicized definitions or representative symbols, which are keyed at the foot of each page. 77 U11 Abalak Tahoua, C Niger

1 10 M16 100 Mile House var. Hundred Mile House. British Columbia, SW Canada

51°39´N 121°19´W 25 de Mayo see Veinticinco de Mayo 26 Bakinskikh Komissarov see Häsänabad 26 Baku Komissarlary Adyndaky see Uzboý

A

Taj. Tajik Th. Thai Thai. Thailand Tib. Tibetan Turk. Turkish Turkm. Turkmenistan

U UAE United Arab Emirates Uigh. Uighur UK United Kingdom Ukr. Ukrainian UN United Nations Urd. Urdu US/USA United States of America USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Uzb. Uzbek

W W west Wel. Welsh

122 K13

101 J21 95 G21 98 I11 99 F18 99 K18 98 O12 99 D17

138 H7 83 G21 108 F7 108 D8 99 D16 108 D8 108 F7

95 G21 99 I17

160 G7 79 P16 77 V17 140 J6 59 G14

142 K10 146 F13

143 O10 74 H8 59 M20 62 P7 191 O2

77 U15 37 O7 77 V16 122 K13 77 S11

212

Country Country Capital

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

165 V3

95 M24

V var. variant Vdkhr. Vodokhranilishche (Russian for reservoir) Vdskh. Vodoskhovyshche (Ukrainian for reservoir) Vtn. Vietnamese

32 F8

13°37´S 72°52´W

145 R10

93 M17

T

190 H2 Abaokoro atoll Tungaru, W Kiribati Abariringa see Kanton 143 P10 Abarkūh Yazd, C Iran

101 C16 Aachen Dut. Aken, Fr. Aixla-Chapelle; anc. Aquae Grani, Aquisgranum. NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany

95 G20

Administrative Regions International Airport

23 N3 21 T10

165 U3

50°47´N 06°06´E Aaiún see Laâyoune Aakirkeby var. Åkirkeby. Bornholm, E Denmark 55°04´N 14°56´E Aalborg var. Ålborg, Ålborg-Nørresundby; anc. Alburgum. Nordjylland, N Denmark 57°03´N 09°56´E Aalborg Bugt see Ålborg Bugt Aalen Baden-Württemberg, S Germany 48°50´N 10°06´E Aalestrup var. Ålestrup. Midtjylland, NW Denmark 56°42´N 09°31´E Aalsmeer Noord-Holland, C Netherlands 52°17´N 04°43´E Aalst Oost-Vlaanderen, C Belgium 50°57´N 04°03´E Aalst Fr. Alost. NoordBrabant, S Netherlands 51°23´N 05°29´E Aalten Gelderland, E Netherlands 51°56´N 06°35´E Aalter Oost-Vlaanderen, NW Belgium 51°05´N 03°28´E Aanaar see Inari Aanaarjävri see Inarijärvi Äänekoski Keski-Suomi, W Finland 62°34´N 25°45´E Aanjar var. ‘Anjar. C Lebanon 33°45´N 35°56´E Aansluit Northern Cape, N South Africa 26°41´S 22°24´E Aar see Aare Aarau Aargau, N Switzerland 47°22´N 08°00´E Aarberg Bern, W Switzerland 47°19´N 07°54´E Aardenburg Zeeland, SW Netherlands 51°16´N 03°27´E Aare var. Aar. j W Switzerland Aargau Fr. Argovie. r canton N Switzerland Aarhus see Århus Aarlen see Arlon Aars var. Års. Nordjylland, N Denmark 56°49´N 09°32´E Aarschot Vlaams Brabant, C Belgium 50°59´N 04°50´E Aassi, Nahr el see Orontes Aat see Ath Aba prev. Ngawa. Sichuan, C China 32°51´N 101°46´E Aba Orientale, NE Dem. Rep. Congo 03°52´N 30°14´E Aba Abia, S Nigeria 05°06´N 07°22´E Abā al Qazāz, Bi’r well NW Saudi Arabia Abā as Su‘ūd see Najrān Abacaxis, Rio j NW Brazil Abaco Island see Great Abaco/Little Abaco Abaco Island see Great Abaco, N Bahamas Ābādān Khūzestān, SW Iran 30°24´N 48°18´E Abadan prev. Bezmein, Büzmeýin, Rus. Byuzmeyin. Ahal Welaýaty, C Turkmenistan 38°08´N 57°53´E Ābādeh Fārs, C Iran 31°06´N 52°40´E Abadla W Algeria 31°04´N 02°39´W Abaeté Minas Gerais, SE Brazil 19°10´S 45°24´W Abaí Caazapá, S Paraguay 25°58´S 55°54´W Abai see Blue Nile Abaiang var. Apia; prev. Charlotte Island. atoll Tungaru, W Kiribati Abaj see Abay Abaji Federal Capital District, C Nigeria 08°35´N 06°54´E Abajo Peak l Utah, W USA 37°51´N 109°28´W Abakaliki Ebonyi, SE Nigeria 06°18´N 08°07´E Abakan Respublika Khakasiya, S Russian Federation 53°43´N 91°25´E Abala Tillabéri, SW Niger 14°55´N 03°27´E

56°41´N 96°04´E

21 X2

Āb Anbār-e Kān Sorkh Yazd, C Iran 31°22´N 53°38´E 57 G16 Abancay Apurímac, SE Peru 143 P9

Aa see Gauja 95 G24 Aabenraa var. Åbenrå, Ger. Apenrade. Syddanmark, SW Denmark 55°03´N 09°26´E 95 G20 Aabybro var. Åbybro. Nordjylland, N Denmark 57°09´N 09°32´E

96 L9

15°28´N 06°18´E

119 N14 Abalyanka Rus. Obolyanka. j N Belarus 122 L12 Aban Krasnoyarskiy Kray, S Russian Federation

41 P10 186 F9

81 I15

143 Q13 107 C18

30 M3

103 N2 23 R7 23 U6 22 I9 21 P12 97 B20

29 P8

96 K9

31°07´N 53°17´E Abashiri var. Abasiri. Hokkaidō, NE Japan 44°N 144°15´E Abashiri-ko c Hokkaidō, NE Japan Abasiri see Abashiri Abasolo Tamaulipas, C Mexico 24°02´N 98°18´W Abau Central, S Papua New Guinea 10°04´S 148°34´E Abay var. Abaj. Karaganda, C Kazakhstan 49°38´N 72°50´E Ābaya Hāyk’ Eng. Lake Margherita, It. Abbaia. c SW Ethiopia Ābay Wenz see Blue Nile Abaza Respublika Khakasiya, S Russian Federation 52°40´N 89°58´E Abbaia see Ābaya Hāyk’ Āb Bārīk Fārs, S Iran Abbasanta Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 40°08´N 08°49´E Abbatis Villa see Abbeville Abbaye, Point headland Michigan, N USA 46°58´N 88°08´W Abbazia see Opatija Abbé, Lake see Abhe, Lake Abbeville anc. Abbatis Villa. Somme, N France 50°06´N 01°50´E Abbeville Alabama, S USA 31°35´N 85°16´W Abbeville Georgia, SE USA 31°58´N 83°18´W Abbeville Louisiana, S USA 29°58´N 92°08´W Abbeville South Carolina, SE USA 34°10´N 82°23´W Abbeyfeale Ir. Mainistir na Féile. SW Ireland 52°24´N 09°21´W

106 D8 Abbiategrasso Lombardia, NW Italy

8

L8

96 J10 97 K21

25 N5

32 I15 97 I20

106 F10 125 V5 142 M5 141 N12 142 M5

Abhé Bad/Ābhē Bid Hāyk’ see Abhe, Lake 80 K12 Abhe, Lake var. Lake Abbé, Amh. Ābhē Bid Hāyk’, Som. Abhé Bad. c Djibouti/ Ethiopia 77 V17 Abia r state SE Nigeria 139 V9 ‘Abīd ‘Alī Wāsiţ, E Iraq 32°20´N 45°58´E

119 O17 Abidavichy Rus. Obidovichi. Mahilyowskaya Voblasts’, E Belarus 53°20´N 30°25´E 115 L15 Abide Çanakkale, NW Turkey

27 N4 25 Q7

49°02´N 122°18´W 30 K6 Abbotsford Wisconsin, N USA 44°57´N 90°19´W 149 U5 Abbottābād Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, NW Pakistan 34°12´N 73°15´E 119 M14 Abchuha Rus. Obchuga. Minskaya Voblasts’, NW Belarus 54°30´N 29°22´E 98 I10 Abcoude Utrecht, C Netherlands 52°17´N 04°59´E

139 N2 ‘Abd al ‘Azīz, Jabal m NE Syria 141 U17 ‘Abd al Kūrī island SE Yemen 127 U6 Abdulino Orenburgskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation

77 R8

21 P8 18 J15 126 K14 37 R9

92 I10

13°49´N 20°49´E

12 G12 12 H12

Abécher see Abéché Āb-e Garm va Sard Khorāsān-e Jonūbī, E Iran Abeïbara Kidal, NE Mali

80 J10

19°07´N 01°52´E

Abejar Castilla y León, N Spain 41°48´N 02°47´W 54 E9 Abejorral Antioquia, W Colombia 05°48´N 75°28´W Abela see Ávila Abellinum see Avellino 92 Q2 Abeløya island Kong Karls Land, E Svalbard 80 I13 Ābeltī Oromīya, C Ethiopia 105 P5

30 K12

53°37´N 53°39´E

78 J10 Abéché var. Abécher, Abeshr. Ouaddaï, SE Chad 143 S8

97 M21

08°09´N 37°31´E

118 H6 182 F1 75 W9

152 G9

191 O2 Abemama var. Apamama; prev. Roger Simpson Island. atoll Tungaru, W Kiribati 171 Y15 Abemaree var. Abermarre. Papua, E Indonesia

77 O17

77 O16

79 F16

101 L22 77 S16 97 I20

29 R6 183 T7 11 T15 83 H25

07°03´S 140°10´E Abengourou E Ivory Coast 06°42´N 03°27´W Åbenrå see Aabenraa Abens j SE Germany Abeokuta Ogun, SW Nigeria 07°07´N 03°21´E Aberaeron SW Wales, United Kingdom 52°15´N 04°15´W Aberbrothock see Arbroath Abercorn see Mbala Abercrombie North Dakota, N USA 46°25´N 96°42´W Aberdeen New South Wales, SE Australia 32°09´S 150°55´E Aberdeen Saskatchewan, S Canada 52°15´N 106°19´W Aberdeen Eastern Cape, S South Africa 32°30´S 24°00´E

Mountain Mountain Range

78 H5 78 H5 77 R16

111 L23 78 J11

137 T12 141 P15

104 G10

Volcano River

Abra Pampa Jujuy, N Argentina 22°47´S 65°41´W Abrashlare see Brezovo 54 G7 Abrego Norte de Santander, N Colombia 62 J4

08°08´N 73°14´W Abrene see Pytalovo Abreojos, Punta headland NW Mexico 26°43´N 113°36´W 65 J16 Abrolhos Bank undersea feature W Atlantic Ocean 18°30´S 38°45´W 119 H19 Abrova Rus. Obrovo. Brestskaya Voblasts’, SW Belarus 52°30´N 25°34´E 116 G11 Abrud Ger. Gross-Schlatten, Hung. Abrudbánya. Alba, SW Romania 46°16´N 23°05´E Abrudbánya see Abrud 118 E6 Abruka island SW Estonia

40 C7

107 J15 Abruzzese, Appennino m C Italy 107 J14 Abruzzo r region C Italy 141 N14 ‘Abs var. Sūq ‘Abs. W Yemen 16°42´N 42°55´E

33 T12 Absaroka Range m Montana/Wyoming, NW USA 137 Z11 Abşeron Yarımadası Rus. Apsheronskiy Poluostrov. peninsula E Azerbaijan 143 N6 Āb Shīrīn Eşfahān, C Iran 34°17´N 51°17´E

139 X10 Abtān Maysān, SE Iraq

152 164 138 143 138 139 139 139 75 139

05°19´N 04°01´W Āb-i-Istāda see Īstādeh-ye Moqor, Āb-eAbilene Kansas, C USA 38°55´N 97°14´W Abilene Texas, SW USA 32°27´N 99°44´W Abindonia see Abingdon Abingdon anc. Abindonia. S England, United Kingdom 51°41´N 01°17´W Abingdon Illinois, N USA 40°48´N 90°24´W Abingdon Virginia, NE USA 36°42´N 81°59´W Abingdon see Pinta, Isla Abington Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°06´N 75°05´W Abinsk Krasnodarskiy Kray, SW Russian Federation 44°51´N 38°12´E Abiquiu Reservoir d New Mexico, SW USA Āb-i-safed see Sefīd, Darya-ye Abisko Lapp. Ábeskovvu. Norrbotten, N Sweden 68°21´N 18°50´E Abitibi j Ontario, S Canada Abitibi, Lac c Ontario/ Québec, S Canada Ābīy Ādī Tigray, N Ethiopia 13°40´N 38°57´E Abja-Paluoja Viljandimaa, S Estonia 58°08´N 25°20´E Abkhazia see Apkhazeti Abminga South Australia 26°07´S 134°49´E Abnūb var. Abnûb. C Egypt 27°18´N 31°09´E Abnûb see Abnūb Åbo see Turku Abohar Punjab, N India 30°11´N 74°14´E Aboisso SE Ivory Coast 05°26´N 03°13´W Abo, Massif d’ m NW Chad Abo, Massif d' m E Chad Abomey S Benin 07°14´N 02°00´E Abong Mbang Est, SE Cameroon 03°58´N 13°10´E Abony Pest, C Hungary 47°10´N 20°00´E Abou-Déïa Salamat, SE Chad 11°30´N 19°18´E Aboudouhour see Abū aḑ Ḑuhūr Abou Kémal see Abū Kamāl Abou Simbel see Abū Sunbul Abovyan C Armenia 40°16´N 44°33´E Abrād, Wādī seasonal river W Yemen Abraham Bay see The Carlton Abrantes var. Abrántes. Santarém, C Portugal 39°28´N 08°12´W

80

Lake Reservoir

31°37´N 47°06´E Abtenau Salzburg, NW Austria 47°33´N 13°21´E E14 Ābu Rājasthān, N India 24°41´N 72°50´E E12 Abu Yamaguchi, Honshū, SW Japan 34°30´N 131°26´E I4 Abū aḑ Ḑuhūr Fr. Aboudouhour. Idlib, NW Syria 35°30´N 37°00´E P17 Abū al Abyaḑ island C United Arab Emirates K10 Abū al Ḩuşayn, Khabrat c N Jordan R8 Abū al Jīr Al Anbār, C Iraq 33°16´N 42°55´E Y12 Abū al Khaşīb var. Abul Khasib. Al Başrah, SE Iraq 30°26´N 48°00´E U12 Abū at Tubrah, Thaqb well S Iraq Abu Balâs see Abu Ballās V11 Abu Ballās var. Abu Balâs. l SW Egypt 24°28´N 27°36´E Abu Dhabi see Abū abī R8 Abū Farūkh Al Anbār, C Iraq 33°06´N 43°18´E C12 Abu Gabra Eastern Darfur, W Sudan 11°02´N 26°50´E P10 Abū Ghār, Sha‘īb dry watercourse S Iraq G7 Abu Hamed River Nile, N Sudan 19°32´N 33°20´E O5 Abū Ḩardān var. Hajîne. Dayr az Zawr, E Syria 34°45´N 40°49´E T7 Abū Ḩasāwīyah Diyālá, E Iraq 33°52´N 44°47´E K10 Abū Ḩifnah, Wādī dry watercourse N Jordan V15 Abuja a (Nigeria) Federal Capital District, C Nigeria 09°04´N 07°28´E R9 Abū Jahaf, Wādī dry watercourse C Iraq F12 Abujao, Río j E Peru U12 Abū Jasrah Al Muthanná, S Iraq 30°43´N 44°50´E O6 Abū Kamāl Fr. Abou Kémal. Dayr az Zawr, E Syria 34°29´N 40°56´E P12 Abukuma-sanchi m Honshū, C Japan Abula see Ávila Abul Khasib see Abū al Khaşīb K16 Abumombazi var. Abumonbazi. Equateur, N Dem. Rep. Congo 03°43´N 22°06´E Abumonbazi see Abumombazi D15 Abunã Rondônia, W Brazil 09°41´S 65°20´W K13 Abunã, Rio var. Río Abuná. j Bolivia/Brazil G10 Abū Nuşayr var. Abu Nuseir. ‘Ammān, W Jordan 32°03´N 35°58´E Abu Nuseir see Abū Nuşayr T12 Abū Qabr Al Muthanná, S Iraq 31°03´N 44°34´E K5 Abū Raḩbah, Jabal m C Syria S5 Abū Rajāsh Şalāḩ ad Dīn, N Iraq 34°47´N 43°36´E W13 Abū Raqrāq, Ghadīr well S Iraq E14 Ābu Road Rājasthān, N India 24°29´N 72°47´E I6 Abu Shagara, Ras headland NE Sudan 18°04´N 38°31´E Abu Simbel see Abū Sunbul U12 Abū Sudayrah Al Muthanná, S Iraq 30°55´N 44°58´E T10 Abū Şukhayr Al Qādisīyah, S Iraq 31°54´N 44°27´E Abū Sunbul see Abū Sunbul E18 Abut Head headland South Island, New Zealand 43°06´S 170°16´E E9 Abu ‘Urug Northern Kordofan, C Sudan 15°52´N 30°25´E K12 Ābuyē Mēda l C Ethiopia 10°28´N 39°44´E

109 R6

40°04´N 26°13´E

77 N17 Abidjan S Ivory Coast

45°24´N 08°55´E

93 I14 Abborrträsk Norrbotten, N Sweden 65°24´N 19°33´E 194 J9 Abbot Ice Shelf ice shelf Antarctica 10 M17 Abbotsford British Columbia, SW Canada

Aberdeen anc. Devana. NE Scotland, United Kingdom 57°10´N 02°04´W Aberdeen Maryland, NE USA 39°28´N 76°09´W Aberdeen Mississippi, S USA 33°49´N 88°32´W Aberdeen North Carolina, SE USA 35°07´N 79°25´W Aberdeen South Dakota, N USA 45°27´N 98°29´W Aberdeen Washington, NW USA 46°57´N 123°48´W Aberdeen cultural region NE Scotland, United Kingdom Aberdeen Lake c Nunavut, NE Canada Aberfeldy C Scotland, United Kingdom 56°38´N 03°49´W Abergavenny anc. Gobannium. SE Wales, United Kingdom 51°50´N 03°W Abergwaun see Fishguard Abermarre see Abemaree Abernathy Texas, SW USA 33°49´N 101°50´W Abersee see Wolfgangsee Abertawe see Swansea Aberteifi see Cardigan Abert, Lake c Oregon, NW USA Aberystwyth W Wales, United Kingdom 52°25´N 04°05´W Abeshr see Abéché Ábeskovvu see Abisko Abetone Toscana, C Italy 44°09´N 10°42´E Abez’ Respublika Komi, NW Russian Federation 66°32´N 61°41´E Āb Garm Qazvin, N Iran Abhā ‘Asīr, SW Saudi Arabia 18°16´N 42°32´E Abhar Zanjān, NW Iran 36°05´N 49°18´E

139 80 139 139 138 77 139 56 139 139 165

79

59 56 138

139 138 139 139 152 80 139 139 185 80 80

Abu ZAbAd – Aiken 80 D11 Abu Zabad Western Kordofan, C Sudan 143 P16

75 X8 95 N17

80 D13

54 F11 58 L13 42 E8 79 D17 41 N13 54 C6 104 H4 40 J11

12°21´N 29°16´E Abū abī var. Abū abī, Eng. Abu Dhabi. a (United Arab Emirates) Abū aby, C United Arab Emirates 24°30´N 54°20´E Abū abī see Abū abī Abu Zenīma E Egypt 29°01´N 33°08´E Åby Östergötland, S Sweden 58°40´N 16°10´E Abyaḑ, Al Baḩr al see White Nile Åbybro see Aabybro Abyei Southern Kordofan, S Sudan 09°35´N 28°28´E Abyla see Ávila Abymes see les Abymes Abyssinia see Ethiopia Açâba see Assaba Acacias Meta, C Colombia 03°59´N 73°46´W Açailândia Maranhão, E Brazil 04°51´S 47°26´W Acaill see Achill Island Acajutla Sonsonate, W El Salvador 13°34´N 89°50´W Acalayong SW  Equatorial Guinea 01°05´N 09°34´E Acámbaro Guanajuato, C Mexico 20°01´N 100°42´W Acandí Chocó, NW Colombia 08°32´N 77°20´W A Cañiza var. La Cañiza. Galicia, NW Spain 42°13´N 08°16´W Acaponeta Nayarit, C Mexico 22°30´N 105°21´W

40 J11 Acaponeta, Río de j C Mexico 41 O16 Acapulco var. Acapulco de Juárez. Guerrero, S Mexico

Acklins Island island SE The Bahamas Acla, Ceann see Achill Head 62 H11 Aconcagua, Cerro l W Argentina 44 J5

32°36´S 69°53´W

Açores/Açores, Arquipélago dos/Açores, Ilhas dos see Azores 104 H2 A Coruña Cast. La Coruña, Eng. Corunna; anc. Caronium. Galicia, NW Spain

43°22´N 08°24´W 104 G2 A Coruña Cast. La Coruña. r province Galicia, NW Spain 42 L10 Acoyapa Chontales, S Nicaragua 11°58´N 85°10´W 106 H13 Acquapendente Lazio, C Italy 42°44´N 11°52´E

106 J13 Acquasanta Terme Marche, C Italy 42°46´N 13°24´E

106 I13 Acquasparta Lazio, C Italy 106 C9 182 F7 59 A15 59 C16 107 N20 191 Y12 15 P12 41 P13

16°51´N 99°53´W

Acapulco de Juárez see Acapulco 55 T13 Acarai Mountains Sp. Serra Acaraí. m Brazil/Guyana Acaraí, Serra see Acarai Mountains 58 O13 Acaraú Ceará, NE Brazil

04°35´S 37°37´W 54 J6 Acarigua Portuguesa, N Venezuela 09°35´N 69°12´W 104 H2 A Carreira Galicia, NW Spain 43°21´N 08°12´W

42 C6 41

41

21 77 97 61 168

107 107

57 54 154 61 137

115

99 115

163 109 101 109 101 115 77 152

14°30´N 90°52´W Q15 Acatlán var. Acatlán de Osorio. Puebla, S Mexico 18°12´N 98°02´W Acatlán de Osorio see Acatlán S15 Acayucan var. Acayucán. Veracruz-Llave, E Mexico 17°59´N 94°58´W Accho see Akko Y5 Accomac Virginia, NE USA 37°43´N 75°41´N Q17 Accra a (Ghana)SE Ghana 05°33´N 00°15´W L17 Accrington NW England, United Kingdom 53°46´N 02°21´W B19 Acebal Santa Fe, C Argentina 33°14´S 60°50´W H8 Aceh off. Daerah Istimewa Aceh, var. Acheen, Achin, Atchin, Atjeh. r autonomous district NW Indonesia M18 Acerenza Basilicata, S Italy 40°46´N 15°51´E K17 Acerra anc. Acerrae. Campania, S Italy 40°56´N 14°22´E Acerrae see Acerra J17 Achacachi La Paz, W Bolivia 16°01´S 68°44´W K7 Achaguas Apure, C Venezuela 07°46´N 68°14´W H12 Achalpur prev. Elichpur, Ellichpur. Mahārāshtra, C India 21°19´N 77°30´E F18 Achar Tacuarembó, C Uruguay 32°20´S 56°15´W R10 Ach’ara prev. Achara, var. Ajaria. r autonomous republic SW Georgia Achara see Ach’ara H19 Acharnés var. Aharnes; prev. Akharnaí. Attikí, C Greece 38°09´N 23°58´E Ach’asar Lerr see Achk’asari, Mta Acheen see Aceh K16 Achel Limburg, NE Belgium 51°15´N 05°31´E D16 Achelóos var. Akhelóös, Aspropótamos; anc. Achelous. j W Greece Achelous see Achelóos W8 Acheng Heilongjiang, NE China 45°32´N 126°56´E N6 Achenkirch Tirol, W Austria 47°31´N 11°42´E L24 Achenpass pass Austria/ Germany N7 Achensee c W Austria F22 Achern Baden-Württemberg, SW Germany 48°37´N 08°04´E C16 Acherón j W Greece W11 Achétinamou j S Niger J12 Achhnera Uttar Pradesh, N India 27°10´N 77°45´E

Achiguate, Río j S Guatemala A16 Achill Head Ir. Ceann Acla. headland W Ireland 53°58´N 10°14´W A16 Achill Island Ir. Acaill. island W Ireland H11 Achim Niedersachsen, NW Germany 53°01´N 09°01´E S5 Achīn Nangarhār, E Afghanistan 34°04´N 70°41´E Achin see Aceh K12 Achinsk Krasnoyarskiy Kray, S Russian Federation 56°21´N 90°25´E E5 Achit Nuur c NW Mongolia T11 Achk’asari, Mta Arm. Ach’asar Lerr. l Armenia/ Georgia 41°09´N 43°55´E K13 Achuyevo Krasnodarskiy Kray, SW Russian Federation 46°00´N 38°01´E F16 Achwa var. Aswa. j N Uganda E15 Acıgöl salt lake SW Turkey L24 Acireale Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 37°36´N 15°10´E Aciris see Agri N7 Ackerly Texas, SW USA 32°31´N 101°43´W M4 Ackerman Mississippi, S USA 33°18´N 89°10´W W13 Ackley Iowa, C USA 42°33´N 93°03´W

42 C7 97 97 100 149 122 162 137 126 81 136 107

25 22 29

Acatenango, Volcán de i S Guatemala

77 Q17 112 L8 29 R5 31 R12 27 O12 162 L8

40 D3 104 M7 38 H17

141 X9 60 I8 79 E14 68 F11 77 Y14

106 F6 81 J14 63 M23

29 R16 18 H8 29 Q3 155 I23 32 H10

191 R16 191 P16

20 G10 25 S9 141 O17 136 K16 136 K16 169 V12 136 F11 80 H8 195 Q16 106 E6 80 A13 143 Q17 143 O18 141 Q6 74 A11

173 N2 141 R6

140 K5 140 M13 141 O8 143 N16 143 N16

42°41´N 12°31´E

Acqui Terme Piemonte, NW Italy 44°41´N 08°28´E Acrae see Palazzola Acreide Acraman, Lake salt lake South Australia Acre off. Estado do Acre. r state W Brazil Acre see Akko Acre, Rio j W Brazil Acri Calabria, SW Italy 39°30´N 16°22´E Acte see Ágion Óros Actéon, Groupe island group Îles Tuamotu, SE French Polynesia Acton-Vale Québec, SE Canada 45°39´N 72°31´W Actopan var. Actopán. Hidalgo, C Mexico 20°19´N 98°59´W Açu see Assu Acunum Acusio see Montélimar Ada SE Ghana 05°47´N 00°42´E Ada Vojvodina, N Serbia 45°48´N 20°08´E Ada Minnesota, N USA 47°18´N 96°31´W Ada Ohio, N USA 40°46´N 83°49´W Ada Oklahoma, C USA 34°47´N 96°41´W Adaatsag var. Tavin. Dundgovĭ, C Mongolia 46°27´N 105°43´E Ada Bazar see Adapazarı Adair, Bahía de bay NW Mexico Adaja j N Spain Adak Island island Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA Adalia see Antalya Adalia, Gulf of see Antalya Körfezi Adam N Oman 22°22´N 57°30´E Adama see Nazrēt Adamantina São Paulo, S Brazil 21°41´S 51°04´W Adamaoua Eng. Adamawa. r province N Cameroon Adamaoua, Massif d’ Eng. Adamawa Highlands. plateau NW Cameroon Adamawa r state E Nigeria Adamawa see Adamaoua Adamawa Highlands see Adamaoua, Massif d’ Adamello l N Italy 46°09´N 10°33´E Ādamī Tulu Oromīya, C Ethiopia 07°52´N 38°39´E Adam, Mount var. Monte Independencia. l West Falkland, Falkland Islands 51°36´S 60°00´W Adams Nebraska, C USA 40°25´N 96°30´W Adams New York, NE USA 43°48´N 75°57´W Adams North Dakota, N USA 48°23´N 98°01´W Adam’s Bridge chain of shoals NW Sri Lanka Adams, Mount l Washington, NW USA 46°12´N 121°29´W Adam’s Peak see Sri Pada Adam’s Rock island Pitcairn Island, Pitcairn Islands Adamstown q (Pitcairn Islands)Pitcairn Island, Pitcairn Islands 25°04´S 130°05´W Adamsville Tennessee, S USA 35°14´N 88°23´W Adamsville Texas, SW USA 31°15´N 98°09´W ‘Adan Eng. Aden. SW Yemen 12°51´N 45°05´E Adana var. Seyhan. Adana, S Turkey 37°N 35°19´E Adana var. Seyhan. r province S Turkey Adâncata see Horlivka Adang, Teluk bay Borneo, C Indonesia Adapazarı prev. Ada Bazar. Sakarya, NW Turkey 40°49´N 30°24´E Adarama River Nile, NE Sudan 17°04´N 34°57´E Adare, Cape cape Antarctica Ādavāni see Ādoni Adda anc. Addua. j N Italy Adda j W South Sudan Aḑ Ḑab‘īyah Abū aby, C United Arab Emirates 24°17´N 54°08´E Aḑ Ḑafrah desert S United Arab Emirates Ad Dahnā’ desert E Saudi Arabia Ad Dakhla var. Dakhla. SW Western Sahara 23°46´N 15°56´W Ad Dalanj see Dilling Ad Damar see Ed Damer Ad Damazīn see Ed Damazin Ad Dāmir see Ed Damer Ad Dammām desert NE Saudi Arabia Ad Dammān var. Dammām. Ash Sharqīyah, NE Saudi Arabia 26°23´N 50°05´E Ad Dāmūr see Damoûr Ad Dār al Ḩamrā’ Tabūk, NW Saudi Arabia 27°22´N 37°46´E Ad Darb Jīzān, SW Saudi Arabia 17°45´N 42°15´E Ad Dawādimī Ar Riyāḑ, C Saudi Arabia 24°32´N 44°21´E Ad Dawḩah Eng. Doha. a (Qatar) C Qatar 25°15´N 51°36´E Ad Dawḩah Eng. Doha. k C Qatar 25°11´N 51°37´E

Country Country Capital

139 S6

Ad Dawr Şalāḩ ad Dīn, N Iraq 34°30´N 43°49´E

139 Y12 Ad Dayr var. Dayr, Shahbān. Al Başrah, E Iraq

30°45´N 47°36´E Addi Arkay see Ādī Ārk’ay Ad Dībakah see Dîbege 139 X15 Ad Dibdibah physical region Iraq/Kuwait Aḑ Ḑiffah see Libyan Plateau Addis Ababa see Ādīs Ābeba Addison see Webster Springs 139 U10 Ad Dīwānīyah var. Diwaniyah. C Iraq 32°00´N 44°57´E Ad Dīwānīyah see Al Qādisīyah Addoo Atoll see Addu Atoll Addua see Adda 151 K22 Addu Atoll var. Addoo Atoll, Seenu Atoll. atoll S Maldives Ad Dujail see Ad Dujayl 139 T7 Ad Dujayl var. Ad Dujail. Şalāḩ ad Dīn, N Iraq 33°49´N 44°16´E Ad Dulaym see Al Anbār

99 D16 23 U7 29 U14 182 I9 44 H2 182 I9 194 H6 181 P2 76 M10 186 D6 180 K3 107 O17 195 V16 195 V14

141 Q17 77 V10 143 R16 140 M4 138 I13 80 I10 182 C7 106 H8 80 J10 154 I13 35 P2 171 V14 18 K8 80 J13

80 J13 80 I11 137 N15 137 N15 116 L11 45 T6

126 L15

108 G7 32 G7 39 X13 186 E5 136 B14 37 V6 77 T16 61 C23 155 H17 102 K15 105 O15 107 L24 74 I9 76 K7 74 L11 74 A12 147 Q10 78 K10 106 H9

Ad Duwaym/Ad Duwēm see Ed Dueim Adegem Oost-Vlaanderen, NW Belgium 51°12´N 03°31´E Adel Georgia, SE USA 31°08´N 83°25´W Adel Iowa, C USA 41°36´N 94°01´W Adelaide state capital South Australia 34°56´S 138°36´E Adelaide New Providence, N The Bahamas 24°59´N 77°30´W Adelaide k South Australia 34°55´S 138°31´E Adelaide Island island Antarctica Adelaide River Northern Territory, N Australia 13°12´S 131°06´E ‘Adel Bagrou Hodh ech Chargui, SE Mauritania 15°33´N 07°04´W Adelbert Range m N Papua New Guinea Adele Island island Western Australia Adelfia Puglia, SE Italy 41°01´N 16°52´E Adélie Coast physical region Antarctica Adélie, Terre physical region Antarctica Adelnau see Odolanów Adelsberg see Postojna Aden see ‘Adan Aden see Khormaksar Aden, Gulf of gulf SW Arabian Sea Aderbissinat Agadez, C Niger 15°30´N 07°57´E Adhaim see Al ‘Uaym Adh Dhayd var. Al Dhaid. Ash Shāriqah, NE United Arab Emirates 25°19´N 55°51´E ‘Adhfā’ spring/well NW Saudi Arabia 29°15´N 41°24´E ‘Ādhriyāt, Jabāl al m S Jordan Ādī Ārk’ay var. Addi Arkay. Āmara, N Ethiopia 13°18´N 37°56´E Adieu, Cape headland South Australia 32°01´S 132°12´E Adige Ger. Etsch. j N Italy Ādīgrat Tigray, N Ethiopia 14°17´N 39°27´E Ādilabād var. Ādilābād. Telangana, C India 19°40´N 78°31´E Adin California, W USA 41°10´N 120°57´W Adi, Pulau island E Indonesia Adirondack Mountains m New York, NE USA Ādīs Ābeba Eng. Addis Ababa. a (Ethiopia) Ādīs Ābeba, C Ethiopia 8°59´N 38°43´E Ādīs Ābeba k Ādīs Ābeba, C Ethiopia 08°58´N 38°53´E Ādīs Zemen Āmara, N Ethiopia 12°00´N 37°43´E Adi Ugri see Mendefera Adıyaman Adıyaman, SE Turkey 37°46´N 38°15´E Adıyaman r province S Turkey Adjud Vrancea, E Romania 46°07´N 27°10´E Adjuntas C Puerto Rico 18°10´N 66°42´W Adjuntas, Presa de las see Vicente Guerrero, Presa Ādkup see Erikub Atoll Adler Krasnodarskiy Kray, SW Russian Federation 43°25´N 39°58´E Adler see Orlice Adliswil Zürich, NW Switzerland 47°19´N 08°32´E Admiralty Inlet inlet Washington, NW USA Admiralty Island island Alexander Archipelago, Alaska, USA Admiralty Islands island group N Papua New Guinea Adnan Menderes k (İzmir) İzmir, W Turkey 38°16´N 27°09´E Adobe Creek Reservoir d Colorado, C USA Ado-Ekiti Ekiti, SW Nigeria 07°42´N 05°13´E Adola see Kibre Mengist Adolfo González Chaues Buenos Aires, E Argentina Ādoni var. Ādavāni. Andhra Pradesh, C India 15°38´N 77°16´E Adour anc. Aturus. j SW France Adowa see Ādwa Adra Andalucía, S Spain 36°45´N 03°01´W Adrano Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 37°39´N 14°49´E Adrar C Algeria 27°56´N 00°12´W Adrar r region C Mauritania Adrar m SE Algeria Adrar Souttouf m SW Western Sahara Adrasman see Adrasmon Adrasmon Rus. Adrasman. NW Tajikistan 40°38´N 69°56´E Adré Ouaddaï, E Chad 13°26´N 22°14´E Adria anc. Atria, Hadria, Hatria. Veneto, NE Italy 45°03´N 12°04´E

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

31 R10 Adrian Michigan, N USA

27 R8

29 S11 Adrian Minnesota, N USA

136 F14 Afyon prev. Afyonkarahisar. Afyon, W Turkey

41°54´N 84°02´W

43°38´N 95°55´W Adrian Missouri, C USA 38°24´N 94°21´W 24 M2 Adrian Texas, SW USA 35°16´N 102°39´W 21 S4 Adrian West Virginia, NE USA 38°53´N 80°14´W

27 R5

121 P7

Adrianople/Adrianopolis see Edirne Adriatic Basin undersea feature Adriatic Sea, N Mediterranean Sea 42°00´N 17°30´E

Adriatico, Mare see Adriatic Sea 106 L13 Adriatic Sea Alb. Deti Adriatik, It. Mare Adriatico, SCr. Jadransko More, Slvn. Jadransko Morje. sea N Mediterranean Sea Adriatik, Deti see Adriatic Sea Adua see Ādwa Aduana del Sásabe see El Sásabe 79 O17 Adusa Orientale, NE Dem. Rep. Congo 01°25´N 28°05´E

118 J13 Adutiškis Vilnius, E Lithuania 55°09´N 26°34´E 27 Y7 Advance Missouri, C USA 37°06´N 89°54´W

65 D25 Adventure Sound bay East Falkland, Falkland Islands 80 J10 Ādwa var. Adowa, It. Adua. Tigray, N Ethiopia 123 Q8

14°08´N 38°51´E Adycha j NE Russian Federation

126 L14 Adygeya, Respublika r autonomous republic SW Russian Federation Adzhikui see Ajyguýy 77 N17 Adzopé SE Ivory Coast 06°07´N 03°49´W

125 U4 Adz’va j NW Russian Federation 125 U5 Adz’vavom Respublika Komi, NW Russian Federation 66°35´N 59°13´E Ædua see Autun

115 K19 Aegean Islands island group Greece/Turkey Aegean North see Vóreion Aigaíon 115 I17 Aegean Sea Gk. Aigaíon Pelagos, Aigaío Pélagos, Turk. Ege Denizi. sea NE Mediterranean Sea Aegean South see Nótion Aigaíon 118 H3 Aegviidu Ger. Charlottenhof. Harjumaa, NW Estonia

191 Z3

104 G3 115 C18 191 Q8 139 U10 125 T14

115 O23 80 K11 191 O7 140 L7

83 D22

148 M6

81 N17 141 N8 77 V17 109 V6 74 J6 81 L18 39 Q14 104 J2 186 E9 59 O15 66-67 68 L11 172 K11 86 A14 138 I2 136 M15 98 J7 29 U15 29 W9

59°17´N 25°37´E Aegyptus see Egypt Aelana see Al ‘Aqabah Aelok see Ailuk Atoll Aelōninae see Ailinginae Atoll Aelōnlaplap see Ailinglaplap Atoll Æmilia see Emilia-Romagna Æmilianum see Millau Aemona see Ljubljana Aenaria see Ischia Aeolian Islands see Eolie, Isole Aeon Point headland Kiritimati, NE Kiribati 01°46´N 157°11´W Æsernia see Isernia A Estrada Galicia, NW Spain 42°41´N 08°29´W Aetós Itháki, Iónia Nísoi, Greece, C Mediterranean Sea 38°21´N 20°40´E Afaahiti Tahiti, W French Polynesia 17°43´S 149°18´W ‘Afak Al Qādisīyah, C Iraq 32°04´N 45°17´E Afanasjevo see Afanas’yevo Afanas’yevo var. Afanasjevo. Kirovskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 58°55´N 53°13´E Afándou see Afántou Afántou var. Afándou. Ródos, Dodekánisa, Greece, Aegean Sea 36°17´N 28°10´E Āfar r region NE Ethiopia Afar Depression see Danakil Desert Afareaitu Moorea, W French Polynesia 17°33´S 149°47´W ‘Afarīyah, Bi’r al well NW Saudi Arabia

Afars et des Issas, Territoire Français des see Djibouti Affenrücken Karas, SW Namibia 28°05´S 15°49´E Afghānestān, Dowlat-e Eslāmī-ye see Afghanistan Afghanistan off. Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Per. Dowlat-e Eslāmī-ye Afghānestān; prev. Republic of Afghanistan. b islamic state C Asia Afgoi see Afgooye Afgooye It. Afgoi. Shabeellaha Hoose, S Somalia 02°09´N 45°07´E ‘Afīf Ar Riyāḑ, C Saudi Arabia 23°57´N 42°57´E Afikpo Ebonyi, S Nigeria 05°52´N 07°58´E Afiun Karahissar see Afyon Aflenz Kurort Steiermark, E Austria 47°33´N 15°14´E Aflou N Algeria 34°09´N 02°06´E Afmadow Jubbada Hoose, S Somalia 0°24´N 42°04´E Afognak Island island Alaska, USA A Fonsagrada Galicia, NW Spain 43°09´N 07°03´W Afore Northern, S Papua New Guinea 09°10´S 148°30´E Afrânio Pernambuco, E Brazil 08°32´S 40°54´W Africa continent Africa, Horn of physical region Ethiopia/Somalia Africana Seamount undersea feature SW Indian Ocean 37°10´S 29°10´E African Plate tectonic plate ‘Afrīn Ḩalab, N Syria 36°31´N 36°51´E Afşin Kahramanmaraş, C Turkey 38°14´N 36°54´E Afsluitdijk dam N Netherlands Afton Iowa, C USA 41°01´N 94°12´W Afton Minnesota, N USA 44°54´N 92°46´W

Administrative Regions International Airport

136 F14

77 V10 77 W8 74 E8 64 M9 145 R12 173 O7

188 171 188 154 81

38°46´N 30°32´E Afyon var. Afiun Karahissar, Afyonkarahisar. r province W Turkey Afyonkarahisar see Afyon Agadès see Agadez Agadez prev. Agadès. Agadez, C Niger 16°57´N 07°56´E Agadez r department N Niger Agadir SW Morocco 30°30´N 09°37´W Agadir Canyon undersea feature SE Atlantic Ocean 32°30´N 12°50´W Agadyr’ Karaganda, C Kazakhstan 48°15´N 72°55´E Agalega Islands island group N Mauritius

Agalta, Sierra de m E Honduras I10 Agan j C Russian Federation Agana/Agaña see Hagåtña B15 Agana Bay bay NW Guam Kk13 Agano-gawa j Honshū, C Japan B17 Aga Point headland S Guam G9 Agar Madhya Pradesh, C India 23°44´N 76°01´E I14 Āgaro Oromīya, C Ethiopia

42 K6 122

Afton Oklahoma, C USA 36°41´N 94°57´W

07°52´N 36°36´E 153 V15 Agartala state capital Tripura, NE India 23°49´N 91°15´E 194 I5 Agassiz, Cape headland Antarctica 68°29´S 62°59´W

175 V13 Agassiz Fracture Zone tectonic feature S Pacific Ocean 9 N2 Agassiz Ice Cap Ice feature Nunavut, N Canada 188 B16 Agat W Guam 13°20´N 144°38´E

188 B16 Agat Bay bay W Guam Agatha see Agde 115 M20 Agathónisi island Dodekánisa, Greece, Aegean Sea 171 X14 Agats Papua, E Indonesia 155 C21 38 D16 38 D16 14 B8 14 B8 77 N17 137 V12 103 P16 103 P16 102 L14

165 O13 109 R5 108 G8 142 M10 39 P15 74 B12

74 B10 115 F15

05°33´S 138°07´E Agatti Island island Lakshadweep, India, N Indian Ocean Agattu Island island Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA Agattu Strait strait Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA Agawa j Ontario, S Canada Agawa Bay lake bay Ontario, S Canada Agboville SE Ivory Coast 05°55´N 04°15´W Ağdam Rus. Agdam. SW Azerbaijan 40°04´N 46°00´E Agdam see Ağdam Agde anc. Agatha. Hérault, S France 43°19´N 03°29´E Agde, Cap d’ headland S France 43°17´N 03°30´E Agedabia see Ajdābiyā Agen anc. Aginnum. Lot-et-Garonne, SW France 44°12´N 00°37´E Agendicum see Sens Ageo Saitama, Honshū, S Japan 35°58´N 139°36´E Ager j N Austria Agere Hiywet see Hāgere Hiywet Ägerisee c W Switzerland Āghā Jārī Khūzestān, SW Iran 30°48´N 49°45´E Aghiyuk Island island Alaska, USA Aghouinit SE Western Sahara 22°14´N 13°10´W Aghri Dagh see Büyükağrı Dağı Aghzoumal, Sebkhet var. Sebjet Agsumal. salt lake E Western Sahara Agiá var. Ayiá. Thessalía, C Greece 39°43´N 22°45´E

40 G7 Agiabampo, Estero de estuary NW Mexico 121 P3 Agía Fýlaxis var. Ayia Phyla. S Cyprus 34°43´N 33°02´E Agialoúsa see Yenierenköy 115 M21 Agía Marína Léros, Dodekánisa, Greece, Aegean Sea 37°09´N 26°51´E 121 Q2 Agía Nápa var. Ayia Napa. E Cyprus 34°59´N 34°00´E 115 L16 Agía Paraskeví Lésvos, E Greece 39°13´N 26°19´E 115 J15 Agías Eirínis, Akrotírio headland Límnos, E Greece 115 L17

123 O14 115 I14 115 H14 114 D13 115 J16

115 H20 115 E21

39°47´N 25°21´E Agiasós see Agiassós Agiassós var. Agiasós, Ayiásos, Ayiássos. Lésvos, E Greece 39°05´N 26°23´E Aginnum see Agen Aginskoye Zabaykal’skiy Kray, S Russian Federation 51°10´N 114°32´E Ágion Óros Eng. Mount Athos. r monastic republic NE Greece Ágion Óros var. Akte, Aktí; anc. Acte. peninsula NE Greece Ágios Achílleios religious building Dytikí Makedonía, N Greece Ágios Efstrátios var. Áyios Evstrátios, Hagios Evstrátios. island E Greece 34°00´N 25°00´E Ágios Geórgios island Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea Ágios Geórgios see Ro Ágios Ilías l S Greece 36°57´N 22°19´E

115 K25 Ágios Ioánnis, Akrotírio headland Kríti, Greece, E Mediterranean Sea 35°19´N 25°46´E

115 L20 Ágios Kírykos var. Áyios Kírikos. Ikaría, Dodekánisa, Greece, Aegean Sea 37°34´N 26°15´E

115 K25 Ágios Nikólaos var. Áyios Nikólaos. Kríti, Greece, E Mediterranean Sea

103 O17 Agly j S France Agnetheln see Agnita 14 E10 Agnew Lake c Ontario, S Canada 77 O16 Agnibilékrou E Ivory Coast 07°10´N 03°11´W

116 I11 Agnita Ger. Agnetheln, Hung. Szentágota. Sibiu, SW Romania 45°59´N 24°40´E 107 K15 Agnone Molise, C Italy 41°49´N 14°21´E

164 K14 Ago Mie, Honshū, SW Japan

34°18´N 136°50´E Agogna j N Italy Agoitz see Aoiz Agoiz see Aoiz 77 P17 Agona Swedru var. Swedru. SE Ghana 05°31´N 00°42´W Agordat see Ak’ordat Agosta see Augusta 103 N15 Agout j S France 152 J12 Āgra Uttar Pradesh, N India 27°09´N 78°E

106 C8

105 U5 105 Q5 137 S13 137 S13 107 N19 107 J24

188 K4 115 L17 115 D18

115 G17 107 L18 127 T3 137 U11 137 X11

40 J11 54 F7 59 J20 44 D5 54 J5 45 S5 43 S16 104 L14 41 O8 40 L9 42 J5 25 R16 60 J8 61 E14 40 G3 104 G5

56 E6 55 O6 40 M12 40 L12 57 I18 105 R7 60 J7 56 E12 104 I5 104 G7 104 J8 77 Q8 77 V12 188 K8 104 M14 104 M3

42 F7 105 Q14 40 L15 172 J11 172 K11 83 F26

35°12´N 25°43´E

115 D16 Ágios Nikolaos Thessalía, C Greece 39°33´N 21°21´E 115 H14 Agíou Órous, Kólpos gulf N Greece 107 K24 Agira anc. Agyrium. Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 37°39´N 14°32´E 115 G20 Agkístri island S Greece 114 G12 Ágkistro var. Angistro. l NE Greece 41°21´N 23°29´E

Mountain Mountain Range

Volcano River

60 O9 172 K11 165 S16

Agra and Oudh, United Provinces of see Uttar Pradesh Agram see Zagreb Agramunt Cataluña, NE Spain 41°48´N 01°07´E Agreda Castilla y León, N Spain 41°51´N 01°55´W Ağrı var. Karaköse; prev. Karakılısse. Ağrı, NE Turkey 39°44´N 43°04´E Ağrı r province NE Turkey Agri anc. Aciris. j S Italy Agri Dagi see Büyükağrı Dağı Agrigento Gk. Akragas; prev. Girgenti. Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 37°19´N 13°33´E Agrihan island N Northern Mariana Islands Agriliá, Akrotírio prev. Ákra Maléas. cape Lésvos, E Greece Agrínio prev. Agrinion. Dytikí Elláda, W Greece 38°38´N 21°25´E Agrinion see Agrínio Agriovótano Évvoia, C Greece 39°00´N 23°18´E Agropoli Campania, S Italy 40°22´N 14°59´E Agryz Udmurtskaya Respublika, NW Russian Federation 56°27´N 52°58´E Ağstafa Rus. Akstafa. NW Azerbaijan 41°06´N 45°28´E Ağsu Rus. Akhsu. C Azerbaijan Agsumal, Sebjet see Aghzoumal, Sebkhet Agua Brava, Laguna lagoon W Mexico Aguachica Cesar, N Colombia 08°16´N 73°35´W Água Clara Mato Grosso do Sul, SW Brazil 20°21´S 52°58´W Aguada de Pasajeros Cienfuegos, C Cuba 22°23´N 80°51´W Aguada Grande Lara, N Venezuela 10°38´N 69°29´W Aguadilla W Puerto Rico 18°27´N 67°08´W Aguadulce Coclé, S Panama 08°16´N 80°31´W Aguadulce Andalucía, S Spain 37°15´N 04°59´W Agualeguas Nuevo León, NE Mexico 26°17´N 99°30´W Aguanaval, Río j C Mexico Aguán, Río j N Honduras Agua Nueva Texas, SW USA 26°57´N 98°34´W Aguapeí, Rio j S Brazil Aguapey, Río j NE Argentina Agua Prieta Sonora, NW Mexico 31°16´N 109°33´W A Guarda var. A Guardia, Laguardia, La Guardia. Galicia, NW Spain 41°54´N 08°53´W A Guardia see A Guarda Aguarico, Río j Ecuador/ Peru Aguasay Monagas, NE Venezuela 09°25´N 63°44´W Aguascalientes Aguascalientes, C Mexico 21°54´N 102°17´W Aguascalientes r state C Mexico Aguas Calientes, Río j S Peru Aguasvivas j NE Spain Água Vermelha, Represa de d S Brazil Aguaytía Ucayali, C Peru 09°02´S 75°30´W A Gudiña var. La Gudiña. Galicia, NW Spain 42°04´N 07°08´W Águeda Aveiro, N Portugal 40°34´N 08°28´W Águeda j Portugal/Spain Aguelhok Kidal, NE Mali 19°18´N 00°50´E Aguié Maradi, S Niger 13°28´N 07°43´E Aguijan island S Northern Mariana Islands Aguilar var. Aguilar de la Frontera. Andalucía, S Spain 37°31´N 04°40´W Aguilar de Campóo Castilla y León, N Spain 42°47´N 04°15´W Aguilar de la Frontera see Aguilar Aguilares San Salvador, C El Salvador 13°56´N 89°09´W Aguilas Murcia, SE Spain 37°24´N 01°36´W Aguililla Michoacán, SW Mexico 18°43´N 102°45´W Agulhas see L’Agulhas Agulhas Bank undersea feature SW Indian Ocean 35°30´S 21°00´E Agulhas Basin undersea feature SW Indian Ocean 47°00´S 27°00´E Agulhas, Cape Afr. Kaap Agulhas. headland SW South Africa 34°51´S 19°59´E Agulhas, Kaap see Agulhas, Cape Agulhas Negras, Pico das l SE Brazil 22°21´S 44°39´W Agulhas Plateau undersea feature SW Indian Ocean 40°00´S 26°00´E Aguni-jima island Nanseishotō, SW Japan Agurain see Salvatierra

Lake Reservoir

54 G5 Agustín Codazzi var. Codazzi. Cesar, N Colombia 10°02´N 73°15´W

Agyrium see Agira 74 L12 Ahaggar high plateau region SE Algeria 146 E12 Ahal Welaýaty Rus. Akhalskiy Velayat. r province C Turkmenistan 142 K2 Ahar Āarbāyjān-e Sharqī, NW Iran 38°25´N 47°07´E Aharnes see Acharnés 138 J3 Aḩaş, Jabal l NW Syria 138 J3 Aḩaş, Jebal m W Syria 185 G16 Ahaura j South Island, New Zealand 100 E13 Ahaus Nordrhein-Westfalen, NW Germany 52°04´N 07°01´E 191 U9 Ahe atoll Îles Tuamotu, C French Polynesia 184 N10 Ahimanawa Range m North Island, New Zealand 119 I19 Ahinski Kanal Rus. Oginskiy Kanal. canal SW Belarus 186 G10 Ahioma SE Papua New Guinea 10°20´S 150°35´E 184 I2 Ahipara Northland, North Island, New Zealand 35°11´S 173°07´E

Ahipara Bay bay SE Tasman Sea Áhkájávrre see Akkajaure Áhkká see Akka 39 N13 Ahklun Mountains m Alaska, USA 137 R14 Ahlat Bitlis, E Turkey 184 I2

38°45´N 42°28´E

101 F14 Ahlen Nordrhein-Westfalen, W Germany 51°46´N 07°53´E 154 D10 Ahmadābād var. Ahmedabad. Gujarāt, W India 23°03´N 72°40´E

143 R10 Ahmadābād Kermān, C Iran

35°51´N 59°36´E Ahmadi see Al Aḩmadī Ahmad Khel see Ḩasan Khēl 155 F14 Ahmadnagar var. Ahmednagar. Mahārāshtra, W India 19°08´N 74°48´E 149 T9 Ahmadpur Siāl Punjab, E Pakistan 30°40´N 71°52´E 77 N5 Aḥmar, ‘Erg el desert N Mali

80 K13 Ahmar Mountains m C Ethiopia Ahmedabad see Ahmadābād Ahmednagar see Ahmadnagar 114 N12 Ahmetbey Kırklareli, NW Turkey 41°26´N 27°35´E 14 H12 Ahmic Lake c Ontario, S Canada 190 G12 Ahoa Île Uvea, E Wallis and Futuna 13°17´S 176°12´W 40 G8 Ahomé Sinaloa, C Mexico

25°55´N 109°10´W Ahoskie North Carolina, SE USA 36°17´N 76°59´W D17 Ahr j W Germany N12 Ahram var. Ahrom. Būshehr, S Iran 28°52´N 51°18´E J9 Ahrensburg SchleswigHolstein, N Germany 53°41´N 10°14´E Ahrom see Ahram L17 Ähtäri Etelä-Pohjanmaa, W Finland 62°34´N 24°08´E N10 Ahtopol var. Akhtopol. Burgas, E Bulgaria 42°06´N 27°57´E K12 Ahuacatlán Nayarit, C Mexico 21°02´N 104°30´W E7 Ahuachapán Ahuachapán, W El Salvador 13°55´N 89°51´W A9 Ahuachapán r department W El Salvador V16 Ahu Akivi var. Siete Moai. ancient monument Easter Island, Chile, E Pacific Ocean W11 Ahunui atoll Îles Tuamotu, C French Polynesia E20 Ahuriri j South Island, New Zealand L22 Åhus Skåne, S Sweden 55°55´N 14°18´E Ahu Tahira see Ahu Vinapu V16 Ahu Tepeu ancient monument Easter Island, Chile, E Pacific Ocean V17 Ahu Vinapu var. Ahu Tahira. ancient monument Easter Island, Chile, E Pacific Ocean L9 Ahvāz var. Ahwāz; prev. Nāsiri. Khūzestān, SW Iran 31°20´N 48°38´E Ahvenanmaa see Åland Q16 Aḩwar SW Yemen 13°34´N 46°41´E Ahwāz see Ahvāz H7 Åi Åfjord var. Åi Åfjord, Årnes. Sør-Trøndelag, C Norway 63°57´N 10°12´E see also Åi Åfjord Åi Åfjord see Åi Åfjord P3 Aibak var. Haibak; prev. Āybak, Samangān. Samangān, NE Afghanistan 36°16´N 68°04´E K22 Aichach Bayern, SE Germany 48°26´N 11°06´E L14 Aichi off. Aichi-ken, var. Aiti. r prefecture Honshū, SW Japan Aïdin see Aydın Aidussina see Ajdovščina Aifir, Clochán an see Giant’s Causeway Aigaíon Pelagos/Aigaío Pélagos see Aegean Sea S3 Aigen im Mülkreis Oberösterreich, N Austria 48°39´N 13°57´E G20 Aígina var. Aíyina, Egina. Aígina, C Greece 37°45´N 23°26´E G20 Aígina island S Greece E18 Aígio var. Egio; prev. Aíyion. Dytikí Elláda, S Greece 38°15´N 22°05´E C10 Aigle Vaud, SW Switzerland 46°20´N 06°58´E P14 Aigoual, Mont l S France 44°09´N 03°34´E O16 Aigrettes, Pointe des headland W Réunion 21°02´S 55°14´E G19 Aiguá var. Aigua. Maldonado, S Uruguay 34°13´S 54°46´W S13 Aigues j SE France N10 Aigurande Indre, C France 46°26´N 01°49´E Ai-hun see Heihe N10 Aikawa Niigata, Sado, C Japan 38°04´N 138°15´E Q13 Aiken South Carolina, SE USA 33°34´N 81°44´W N4 Aiken Texas, SW USA 34°06´N 101°31´W

21 X8 101 143 100

93 114 40 42 42 191 191 185 95 191 191

142

141 94

149

101 164

109 115 115 115 108 103 173 61 103 103 163 21 25

213

AilAo ShAn – AlcAnAr 160 F13 Ailao Shan m SW China 189 R4 Ailinginae Atoll var. Aelōninae. atoll Ralik Chain, SW Marshall Islands 189 T7 Ailinglaplap Atoll var. Aelōnlaplap. atoll Ralik Chain, S Marshall Islands Aillionn, Loch see Allen, Lough 96 H13 Ailsa Craig island SW Scotland, United Kingdom 189 V5 Ailuk Atoll var. Aelok. atoll Ratak Chain, NE Marshall Islands 123 R11 Aim Khabarovskiy Kray, E Russian Federation

103 R11 103 S10 118 G7 74 L6 76 K4 74 J5 74 L5 115 C19

105 T4 74 I7 29 N13 74 H5 186 C6

188 E10 188 E10 168 I11 11 Q16 96 I12

97 M17 102 K15

169 171 77 108

10 H7

186

29 115

190 116

118 189 188 103

103 186

153 118 118

138

143

03°15´N 75°17´W Aipena, Río j N Peru Aiquile Cochabamba, C Bolivia 18°10´S 65°10´W Aïr see Aïr, Massif de l’ Airai Babeldaob, C Palau Airai k (Oreor) Babeldaob, N Palau 07°22´N 134°34´E Airbangis Sumatera, NW Indonesia 0°12´N 99°22´E Airdrie Alberta, SW Canada 51°20´N 114°00´W Airdrie S Scotland, United Kingdom 55°52´N 03°59´W Air du Azbine see Aïr, Massif de l’ Aire j N England, United Kingdom Aire-sur-l’Adour Landes, SW France 43°43´N 00°16´W

Q6 Air Force Island island Baffin Island, Nunavut, NE Canada Q13 Airhitam, Teluk bay Borneo, C Indonesia Q11 Airmadidi Sulawesi, N Indonesia 01°25´N 124°59´E V8 Aïr, Massif de l’ var. Aïr, Air du Azbine, Asben. m NC Niger G10 Airolo Ticino, S Switzerland

101 K19 63 G20

105

138

152 36 105 36 146

165 165 81 191 80 155

165 165 165 185 80 164 139

92 137

50°39´N 02°24´E

102 K9

103 103 109 114

111

14°34´N 61°00´W Ain r department E France Ain j E France Ainaži Est. Heinaste, Ger. Hainasch. N Latvia 57°51´N 24°24´E Aïn Beida NE Algeria 35°52´N 07°25´E ‘Aïn Ben Tili Tiris Zemmour, N Mauritania 25°58´N 09°30´W Aïn Defla var. Aïn Eddefla. N Algeria 36°16´N 01°58´E Aïn Eddefla see Aïn Defla Ain El Bey k (Constantine) NE Algeria 36°15´N 06°36´E Aínos l Kefallonía, Iónia Nísoi, Greece, C Mediterranean Sea 38°08´N 20°39´E Ainsa Aragón, NE Spain 42°25´N 00°08´E Aïn Sefra NW Algeria 32°45´N 00°32´W Ainsworth Nebraska, C USA 42°33´N 99°51´W Aintab see Gaziantep Aïn Témouchent N Algeria 35°18´N 01°09´W Aiome Madang, N Papua New Guinea 05°08´S 144°45´E

103 O1 Aire-sur-la-Lys Pas-de-Calais, N France 9

165

138

Aïoun el Atrous/Aïoun el Atroûss see ‘Ayoûn el ‘Atroûs 54 E11 Aipe Huila, C Colombia 56 D9 57 L19

109

58°45´N 134°08´E

45 Q12 Aimé Césaire k (Fortde-France) C Martinique

P3 R4 T4 K13

46°32´N 08°38´E

Airvault Deux-Sèvres, W France 46°51´N 00°07´W Aisch j S Germany Aisén off. Región Aisén del General Carlos Ibañez del Campo, var. Aysen. r region S Chile Aishihik Lake c Yukon, W Canada Aisne r department N France Aisne j NE France Aist j N Austria Aisými Anatolikí Makedonía kai Thráki, NE Greece

41°00´N 25°55´E S11 Aitana l E Spain 38°39´N 00°15´W B5 Aitape var. Eitape. West Sepik, NW Papua New Guinea 03°10´S 142°17´E Aiti see Aichi V6 Aitkin Minnesota, N USA 46°31´N 93°42´W D18 Aitolikó var. Etoliko; prev. Aitolikón. Dytikí Elláda, C Greece 38°26´N 21°21´E Aitolikón see Aitolikó L15 Aitutaki island S Cook Islands H11 Aiud Ger. Strassburg, Hung. Nagyenyed; prev. Engeten. Alba, SW Romania 46°19´N 23°43´E I9 Aiviekste j C Latvia Q8 Aiwo SW Nauru 0°32´S 166°54´E E8 Aiwokako Passage passage Babeldaob, N Palau Aix see Aix-en-Provence S15 Aix-en-Provence var. Aix; anc. Aquae Sextiae. Bouches-du-Rhône, SE France 43°31´N 05°27´E Aix-la-Chapelle see Aachen T11 Aix-les-Bains Savoie, E France 45°40´N 05°55´E A6 Aiyang, Mount l NW Papua New Guinea 05°03´S 141°15´E Aíyina see Aígina Aíyion see Aígio W15 Āīzawl state capital Mizoram, NE India 23°41´N 92°45´E H9 Aizkraukle S Latvia 56°39´N 25°07´E C9 Aizpute W Latvia 56°43´N 21°32´E

165 O11 Aizuwakamatsu Fukushima, Honshū, C Japan

Ajdābiyā var. Agedabia, Ajdābiyah. NE Libya 30°46´N 20°14´E Ajdābiyah see Ajdābiyā S12 Ajdovščina Ger. Haidenschaft, It. Aidussina. W Slovenia 45°52´N 13°55´E Q7 Ajigasawa Aomori, Honshū, C Japan 40°45´N 140°11´E Ajjinena see El Geneina H23 Ajka Veszprém, W Hungary 47°18´N 17°32´E G9 ‘Ajlūn ‘Ajlūn, N Jordan 32°20´N 35°45´E G9 ‘Ajlūn off. Muḩāfaᶎat ‘Ajlūn. r governorate N Jordan H9 ‘Ajlūn, Jabal m W Jordan ‘Ajlūn, Muḩāfaᶎat see ‘Ajlūn Ájluokta see Drag R15 ‘Ajmān var. Ajman, ‘Ujmān. ‘Ajmān, NE United Arab Emirates 25°36´N 55°42´E G12 Ajmer var. Ajmere. Rājasthān, N India 26°29´N 74°40´E J15 Ajo Arizona, SW USA 32°22´N 112°51´W N2 Ajo, Cabo de headland N Spain 43°31´N 03°36´W J16 Ajo Range m Arizona, SW USA C14 Ajyguýy Rus. Adzhikui. Balkan Welaýaty, W Turkmenistan 39°46´N 53°57´E Akaba see Al ‘Aqabah T3 Akabira Hokkaidō, NE Japan 43°30´N 142°04´E N10 Akadomari Niigata, Sado, C Japan 37°54´N 138°24´E E20 Akagera j Rwanda/ Tanzania W16 Akahanga, Punta headland Easter Island, Chile, E Pacific Ocean J13 Āk’ak’i Oromīya, C Ethiopia 08°50´N 38°51´E G15 Akalkot Mahārāshtra, W India 17°36´N 76°10´E Akamagaseki see Shimonoseki V3 Akan Hokkaidō, NE Japan 44°06´N 144°03´E U4 Akan Hokkaidō, NE Japan 43°09´N 144°08´E U4 Akan-ko c Hokkaidō, NE Japan Akanthoú see Tatlısu I19 Akaroa Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand 43°48´S 172°58´E E6 Akasha Northern, N Sudan 21°03´N 30°46´E I13 Akashi var. Akasi. Hyōgo, Honshū, SW Japan 34°39´N 135°00´E N7 ‘Akāsh, Wādī var. Wādī ‘Ukash. dry watercourse W Iraq Akasi see Akashi K11 Äkäsjokisuu Lappi, N Finland 67°28´N 23°44´E S11 Akbaba Dağı l Armenia/ Turkey 41°04´N 43°28´E Akbük Limanı see Güllük Körfezi V8 Akbulak Orenburgskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 51°01´N 55°35´E O11 Akçaabat Trabzon, NE Turkey 41°00´N 39°36´E N15 Akçadağ Malatya, C Turkey 38°21´N 37°59´E G11 Akçakoca Düzce, NW Turkey 41°05´N 31°08´E Akchakaya, Vpadina see Akdzhakaya, Vpadina H7 Akchâr desert W Mauritania Akchatau see Akshatau L13 Akdağlar m C Turkey E17 Ak Dağları m SW Turkey K13 Akdağmadeni Yozgat, C Turkey 39°40´N 35°52´E G8 Akdepe prev. Ak-Tepe, Leninsk, Turkm. Lenin. Daşoguz Welaýat, N Turkmenistan 42°10´N 59°17´E Ak-Dere see Byala P2 Akdoğan Gk. Lýsi. C Cyprus 35°06´N 33°42´E J14 Ak-Dovurak Respublika Tyva, S Russian Federation 51°09´N 90°36´E

75 R8

127 137 137 136

76 136 136 136 146

121 122

146 F9

171 S11

95 P15 95 H15 79 L16 146 C10

137 S10

75 R7 39 Q15 136 C13 75 X10 152 H6

127 P11 127 P11

37°30´N 139°58´E

103 X15 Ajaccio Corse, France, C Mediterranean Sea 41°54´N 08°43´E

164 H14

103 X15 Ajaccio, Golfe d’ gulf Corse, France, C Mediterranean Sea 41 Q15 Ajalpán Puebla, S Mexico

39 N12

154 F13 Ajanta Range m C India Ajaria see Ach’ara Ajastan see Armenia 93 G14 Ajaureforsen Västerbotten, N Sweden 65°31´N 15°44´E 185 H17 Ajax, Mount l South Island, New Zealand 42°34´S 172°06´E 162 F9 Aj Bogd Uul l SW Mongolia

191 X11

18°26´N 97°20´W

44°49´N 95°01´E

214

39 N12

12 H9 136 K17 117 U10

Akdzhakaya, Vpadina var. Vpadina Akchakaya. depression N Turkmenistan Akelamo Pulau Halmahera, E Indonesia 01°27´N 128°39´E Aken see Aachen Akermanceaster see Bath Åkersberga Stockholm, C Sweden 59°28´N 18°19´E Akershus r county S Norway Aketi Orientale, N Dem. Rep. Congo 02°44´N 23°46´E Akgyr Erezi Rus. Gryada Akkyr. hill range NW Turkmenistan Akhalskiy Velayat see Ahal Welaýaty Akhaltsikhe prev. Akhalts’ikhe. SW Georgia

41°39´N 43°04´E Akhalts’ikhe see Akhaltsikhe Akhangaran see Ohangaron Akharnaí see Acharnés Akhḑar, Al Jabal al hill range NE Libya Akhelóös see Achelóos Akhiok Kodiak Island, Alaska, USA 56°57´N 154°12´W Akhisar Manisa, W Turkey 38°54´N 27°50´E Akhmīm var. Akhmîm; anc. Panopolis. C Egypt 26°35´N 31°48´E Akhnūr Jammu and Kashmir, NW India 32°53´N 74°46´E Akhsu see Ağsu Akhtopol see Ahtopol Akhtuba j SW Russian Federation Akhtubinsk Astrakhanskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 48°17´N 46°14´E Akhtyrka see Okhtyrka Aki Kōchi, Shikoku, SW Japan 33°30´N 133°53´E Akiachak Alaska, USA 60°54´N 161°25´W Akiak Alaska, USA 60°54´N 161°12´W Akiaki atoll Îles Tuamotu, E French Polynesia Akimiski Island island Nunavut, C Canada Akıncı Burnu headland S Turkey 36°21´N 35°47´E Akıncılar see Selçuk Akinovka Zaporiz’ka Oblast’, S Ukraine

Country Country Capital

165 P8 165 Q8 76 H8 92 H11 92 H11 155 L25 145 P13

Åkirkeby see Aakirkeby Akita Akita, Honshū, C Japan

39°44´N 140°06´E Akita off. Akita-ken. r prefecture Honshū, C Japan Akjoujt prev. Fort-Repoux. Inchiri, W Mauritania 19°42´N 14°28´W Akka Lapp. Áhkká. l N Sweden 67°33´N 17°27´E Akkajaure Lapp. Áhkájávrre. c N Sweden Akkala see Oqqal’a Akkaraipattu Eastern Province, E Sri Lanka 07°13´N 81°51´E Akkense Kaz. Aqkengse. Karaganda, C Kazakhstan 46°39´N 68°06´E Akkerman see Bilhorod-Dnistrovs’kyy

127 W8 Akkermanovka Orenburgskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 165 V4

51°11´N 58°03´E

Akkeshi Hokkaidō, NE Japan 43°03´N 144°49´E

Akkeshi-ko c Hokkaidō, NE Japan 165 V5 Akkeshi-wan bay NW Pacific Ocean 138 F8 Akko Eng. Acre, Fr. SaintJean-d’Acre, Bibl. Accho, Ptolemaïs. Northern, N Israel 165 V4

145 Q8

145 T14 145 Q16 144 M11 98 L6 145 U8 144 F12 8

G6

118 B9

158 E9 146 J14 145 P9

118 I11 81 G14 81 G14 154 H12 80 J9 77 Q16 154 H12 77 N16 12 M3 158 G7 138 I2 92 H3 139 S2 95 C16 77 V9 115 D22 37 V3 29 R12 31 U12

121 P3 121 P3

32°55´N 35°04´E Akkol’ Kaz. Aqköl; prev. Alekseyevka, Kaz. Alekseevka. Akmola, C Kazakhstan 51°58´N 70°58´E Akkol’ Kaz. Aqköl. Almaty, SE Kazakhstan 45°01´N 75°38´E Akkol’ Kaz. Aqköl. Zhambyl, C Kazakhstan 43°25´N 70°47´E Akkol’, Ozero prev. Ozero Zhaman-Akkol. c C Kazakhstan Akkrum Fryslân, N Netherlands 53°01´N 05°52´E Akku Kaz. Aqqū; prev. Lebyazh’ye. Pavlodar, NE Kazakhstan 51°29´N 77°48´E Akkystau Kaz. Aqqystaū. Atyrau, SW Kazakhstan 47°17´N 51°03´E Aklavik Northwest Territories, NW Canada 68°15´N 135°02´W Akmenrags prev. Akmeņrags. headland W Latvia 56°49´N 21°03´E Akmeņrags see Akmenrags Akmeqit Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 37°10´N 76°59´E Akmeydan Mary Welaýaty, C Turkmenistan 37°50´N 62°08´E Akmola off. Akmolinskaya Oblast’, Kaz. Aqmola Oblysy; prev. Tselinogradskaya Oblast. r province C Kazakhstan Akmola see Astana Akmolinsk see Astana Akmolinskaya Oblast’ see Akmola Aknavásár see Târgu Ocna Aknīste S Latvia 56°09´N 25°43´E Akobo Jonglei, E South Sudan 07°50´N 33°05´E Akobo var. Ākobowenz. j Ethiopia/Sudan Ākobowenz see Akobo Akola Mahārāshtra, C India 20°44´N 77°00´E Ak’ordat var. Agordat, Akurdet. C Eritrea 15°33´N 38°01´E Akosombo Dam dam SE Ghana Akot Mahārāshtra, C India 20°45´N 77°00´E Akoupé SE Ivory Coast 06°19´N 03°54´W Akpatok Island island Nunavut, E Canada Akqi Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 40°51´N 78°20´E Akrād, Jabal al m N Syria Akragas see Agrigento Akranes Vesturland, W Iceland 64°19´N 22°01´W Ākrē Ar. ‘Aqrah. Dahūk, N Iraq 36°46´N 43°52´E Åkrehamn Rogaland, S Norway 59°15´N 15°13´E Akrérèb Agadez, C Niger 17°45´N 09°01´E Akrítas, Akrotírio headland S Greece 36°43´N 21°52´E Akron Colorado, C USA 40°09´N 103°12´W Akron Iowa, C USA 42°49´N 96°33´W Akron Ohio, N USA 41°05´N 81°31´W Akrotiri see Akrotírion Akrotiri Bay see Akrotírion, Kólpos Akrotírio Kastállou see Kástelo, Akrotírio Akrotírion var. Akrotiri. UK air base S Cyprus34°36´N 32°57´E Akrotírion, Kólpos var. Akrotiri Bay. bay S Cyprus

121 O3 Akrotiri Sovereign Base Area UK military installation S Cyprus 158 F11 Aksai Chin Chin. Aksayqin. disputed region China/India Aksaj see Aksay 136 I15 Aksaray Aksaray, C Turkey 38°23´N 33°50´E

136 I15 Aksaray r province C Turkey 144 G8 Aksay var. Aksaj, Kaz. Aqsay. Zapadnyy Kazakhstan, NW Kazakhstan 51°11´N 53°00´E 127 O11 Aksay Volgogradskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 47°59´N 43°54´E 147 W10 Ak-say var. Toxkan He. j China/Kyrgyzstan

Aksay/Aksay Kazakzu Zizhixian see Boluozhuanjing/Hongliuwan Aksayqin see Aksai Chin 158 G11 Aksayqin Hu c NW China 136 G14 Akşehir Konya, W Turkey

145 V11 Akshatau, Khrebet m E Kazakhstan Ak-Shyyrak Issyk-Kul’skaya Oblast’, E Kyrgyzstan

158 145 145 145

145 145 145 127 158 80 145

40°53´N 74°39´E

144

147

158 144

145 119

144

147

79 164 38 77 92 38 38 77 127 144

145 94 119 23

23 23 139 139 147 136 136 23 137 136 162 127 106 103 59 59

37°03´N 31°46´E

104 93

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

Ak-Tash, Gora l C Kyrgyzstan

145 R10 Aktau Kaz. Aqtaū. Karaganda, C Kazakhstan

105

123 P13 Aksenovo-Zilovskoye Zabaykal’skiy Kray, S Russian Federation 53°01´N 117°26´E 145 S12 Akshatau Kaz. Aqshataū; prev. Akchatau. Karaganda, C Kazakhstan 47°59´N 74°02´E

41°46´N 78°34´E Akstafa see Ağstafa H7 Aksu Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 41°17´N 80°15´E R8 Aksu Kaz. Aqsū. Akmola, N Kazakhstan 52°31´N 72°00´E W13 Aksu Kaz. Aqsū. Almaty, SE Kazakhstan 45°31´N 79°28´E T8 Aksu var. Jermak, Kaz. Ermak; prev. Yermak. Pavlodar, NE Kazakhstan 52°03´N 76°55´E V13 Aksu Kaz. Aqsū. j SE Kazakhstan Y11 Aksuat Kaz. Aqsūat. Vostochnyy Kazakhstan, SE Kazakhstan 48°16´N 83°39´E X11 Aksuat Kaz. Aqsūat. Vostochnyy Kazakhstan, E Kazakhstan 47°48´N 82°51´E S4 Aksubayevo Respublika Tatarstan, W Russian Federation 54°52´N 50°50´E H7 Aksu He Rus. Sary-Dzhaz. j China/Kyrgyzstan see also Sary-Dzhaz J10 Āksum Tigray, N Ethiopia 14°06´N 38°42´E O12 Aktas Kaz. Aqtas. Karaganda, C Kazakhstan 48°03´N 66°21´E Aktash see Oqtosh

147 V9

38°22´N 31°24´E

136 G14 Akşehir Gölü c C Turkey 136 G16 Akseki Antalya, SW Turkey

105 Z8

147 Y8

142

50°13´N 73°06´E E11 Aktau Kaz. Aqtaū; prev. Shevchenko. Mangistau, W Kazakhstan 43°37´N 51°14´E Aktau, Khrebet see Oqtogh, Qatorkŭhi. SW Tajikistan Aktau, Khrebet see Oqtov Tizmasi, C Uzbekistan Akte see Ágion Óros Ak-Tepe see Akdepe X7 Ak-Terek Issyk-Kul’skaya Oblast’, E Kyrgyzstan 42°14´N 77°46´E Aktí see Ágion Óros Aktjubinsk/Aktyubinsk see Aktobe E8 Akto Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 39°07´N 75°43´E I10 Aktobe Kaz. Aqtöbe; prev. Aktjubinsk, Aktyubinsk. Aktyubinsk, NW Kazakhstan 50°18´N 57°10´E V12 Aktogay Kaz. Aqtoghay. Vostochnyy Kazakhstan, E Kazakhstan 46°56´N 79°40´E M18 Aktsyabrski Rus. Oktyabr’skiy; prev. Karpilovka. Homyel’skaya Voblasts’, SE Belarus 52°38´N 28°53´E H11 Aktyubinsk off. Aktyubinskaya Oblast’, Kaz. Aqtöbe Oblysy. r province W Kazakhstan Aktyubinsk see Aktobe W7 Ak-Tyuz var. Aktyuz. Chuyskaya Oblast’, N Kyrgyzstan 42°50´N 76°05´E J17 Akula Equateur, NW Dem. Rep. Congo 02°21´N 20°13´E C15 Akune Kagoshima, Kyūshū, SW Japan 32°00´N 130°12´E L16 Akun Island island Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA Akurdet see Ak’ordat T16 Akure Ondo, SW Nigeria 07°18´N 05°13´E J2 Akureyri Norðurland Eystra, N Iceland 65°40´N 18°07´W L17 Akutan Akutan Island, Alaska, USA 54°08´N 165°47´W K17 Akutan Island island Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA V17 Akwa Ibom r state SE Nigeria Akyab see Sittwe W7 Ak”yar Respublika Bashkortostan, W Russian Federation 51°51´N 58°13´E J10 Akzhar prev. Novorossiyskiy, Novorossiyskoye. Aktyubinsk, NW Kazakhstan 50°14´N 57°57´E Y11 Akzhar Kaz. Aqzhar. Vostochnyy Kazakhstan, E Kazakhstan 47°36´N 83°38´E F13 Ål Buskerud, S Norway 60°37´N 08°33´E N18 Ala Rus. Ola. j SE Belarus P5 Alabama off. State of Alabama, also known as Camellia State, Heart of Dixie, The Cotton State, Yellowhammer State. r state S USA P6 Alabama River j Alabama, S USA P4 Alabaster Alabama, S USA 33°14´N 86°49´W U10 Al ‘Abd Allāh var. Al Abdullah. Al Qādisīyah, S Iraq 32°06´N 45°08´E W14 Al Abţīyah well S Iraq S9 Ala-Buka Dzhalal-Abadskaya Oblast’, W Kyrgyzstan 41°22´N 71°27´E J12 Alaca Çorum, N Turkey 40°10´N 34°52´E K10 Alaçam Samsun, N Turkey 41°36´N 35°35´E Alacant see Alicante V9 Alachua Florida, SE USA 29°48´N 82°29´W S13 Aladağlar m W Turkey K15 Ala Dağları m C Turkey I5 Alag-Erdene var. Manhan. Hövsgöl, N Mongolia 50°05´N 100°01´E O16 Alagir Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, SW Russian Federation 43°02´N 44°10´E B6 Alagna Valsesia Valle d’Aosta, NW Italy 45°51´N 07°50´E P12 Alagnon j C France P16 Alagoas off. Estado de Alagoas. r state E Brazil P17 Alagoinhas Bahia, E Brazil 12°09´S 38°21´W R5 Alagón Aragón, NE Spain 41°46´N 01°07´W J9 Alagón j W Spain K16 Alahärmä Etelä-Pohjanmaa, W Finland 63°15´N 22°50´E al Ahdar see Al Akhḑar Álaheaieatnu see Altaelva K12 Al Aḩmadī var. Ahmadi. E Kuwait 29°02´N 48°01´E Al Ain see Al ‘Ayn

Administrative Regions International Airport

Alaior prev. Alayor. Menorca, Spain, W Mediterranean Sea

Alatyr’ Chuvashskaya Respublika, W Russian Federation 54°50´N 46°28´E 56 C7 Alausí Chimborazo, C Ecuador 02°11´S 78°52´W 105 O3 Álava Basq. Araba. r province País Vasco, N Spain 137 T11 Alaverdi N Armenia 127 P5

39°56´N 04°08´E

147 T11 Alai Range Rus. Alayskiy Khrebet. m Kyrgyzstan/ Tajikistan Alais see Alès 141 X11 Al ‘Ajā’iz E Oman 19°33´N 57°12´E

141 X11 Al ‘Ajā’iz oasis SE Oman 93 L16 Alajärvi Etelä-Pohjanmaa, W Finland 63°00´N 23°50´E 118 K4 Alajõe Ida-Virumaa, NE Estonia 59°00´N 27°26´E 42 M13 Alajuela Alajuela, C Costa Rica 10°00´N 84°12´W 42 L12 Alajuela off. Provincia de Alajuela. r province N Costa Rica 43 T14 Alajuela, Lago c C Panama 38 M11 Alakanuk Alaska, USA 140 K5

145 X13 124 I5 38 F10 75 U8

188 K5 139 X10 80 J11 37 R11 121 T13

42 M8

24 K11

36 J12 40 H7 37 S7 139 P9 93 J20

88 K9

136 G17 23 U7 122 G10 138 F14

138 G14

105 Q11

141 Z9

39 P8

39 T13 39 O15 39 Q11 106 B10 137 Y12

139 S13 39 P7 107 J15

37°21´N 115°08´W Alamo Tennessee, S USA 35°47´N 89°09´W Alamogordo New Mexico, SW USA 32°52´N 105°57´W Alamo Lake d Arizona, SW USA Alamos Sonora, NW Mexico 26°59´N 108°53´W Alamosa Colorado, C USA 37°25´N 105°51´W Al Anbār off. Muḩāfaᶎat al Anbār, var. Ad Dulaym. r governorate SW Iraq Åland off. Provincial Autonomy of the Åland Islands, Fin. Ahvenanmaa. r autonomous region SW Finland Åland var. Aland Islands, Fin. Ahvenanmaa. island group SW Finland Aland Islands see Åland

08°26´N 82°33´W Alanreed Texas, SW USA 35°12´N 100°45´W Alanya Antalya, S Turkey 36°32´N 32°02´E Alapaha River j Florida/ Georgia, SE USA Alapayevsk Sverdlovskaya Oblast’, C Russian Federation 57°48´N 61°50´E Al ‘Aqabah var. Akaba, Aqaba, ‘Aqaba; anc. Aelana, Elath. Al ‘Aqabah, SW Jordan 29°32´N 35°00´E Al ‘Aqabah off. Muḩāfaᶎat al ‘Aqabah. r governorate SW Jordan

38°19´N 28°30´E Al ‘Ashārah var. Ashara. Dayr az Zawr, E Syria 34°51´N 40°36´E Al Ashkhara see Al Ashkharah Al Ashkharah var. Al Ashkhara. NE Oman 21°47´N 59°30´E Al ’Aşimah see ‘Ammān Alaska off. State of Alaska, also known as Land of the Midnight Sun, The Last Frontier, Seward’s Folly; prev. Russian America. r state NW USA Alaska, Gulf of var. Golfo de Alasca. gulf Canada/USA Alaska Peninsula peninsula Alaska, USA Alaska Range m Alaska, USA Al-Asnam see Chlef Alassio Liguria, NW Italy 44°01´N 08°12´E Älät Rus. Alyat; prev. Alyaty-Pristan’. SE Azerbaijan 39°57´N 49°24´E Alat see Olot Al ‘Athāmīn An Najaf, S Iraq 30°27´N 43°41´E Alatna River j Alaska, USA Alatri Lazio, C Italy 41°43´N 13°21´E Alattio see Alta

Mountain Mountain Range

143 R17 143 R17 138 G12

123 S6 139 U8 120 M12

138 I10 Al Azraq al Janūbī Az Zarqā’, N Jordan 106 B9 25 V6 116 G11 139 P3 138 J2 116 G10

105 P11

Al ‘Arabīyah as Su‘ūdīyah see Saudi Arabia al Araïch see Larache 105 Q10 Alarcón Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 39°32´N 02°05´W 105 Q9 Alarcón, Embalse de d C Spain 138 J2 Al ‘Arīmah Fr. Arime. Ḩalab, N Syria 36°27´N 37°41´E 75 X7 Al ‘Arīsh var. El ‘Arîsh. NE Egypt 33°00´N 31°00´E 141 P6 Al Arţāwīyah Ar Riyāḑ, N Saudi Arabia 26°34´N 45°20´E Alasca, Golfo de see Alaska, Gulf of 136 D14 Alaşehir Manisa, W Turkey 139 N5

75 U12

26°15´N 102°14´W

Åland Islands, Provincial Autonomy of the see Åland Aland Sea see Ålands Hav 95 Q14 Ålands Hav var. Aland Sea. strait Baltic Sea/Gulf of Bothnia 43 P16 Alanje Chiriquí, SW Panama 25 O2

139 P6

182 K9

41 Q12 Álamo Veracruz-Llave, C Mexico 20°55´N 97°41´W 35 X9 Alamo Nevada, W USA

37 S14

93 K17

62°41´N 164°37´W Al Akhḑar var. al Ahdar. Tabūk, NW Saudi Arabia 28°04´N 37°13´E Alaköl see Alakol’, Ozero Alakol’, Ozero Kaz. Alaköl. c SE Kazakhstan Alakurtti Murmanskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 66°57´N 30°27´E Alalākeiki Channel var. Alalakeiki Channel. channel Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean Al ‘Alamayn var. El ‘Alamein. N Egypt 30°50´N 28°57´E Al ‘Amādiyah see Amêdî Alamagan island C Northern Mariana Islands Al ‘Amārah var. Amara. Maysān, E Iraq 31°51´N 47°10´E Ālamat’ā Tigray, N Ethiopia 12°22´N 39°32´E Alameda New Mexico, SW USA 35°09´N 106°37´W ‘Alam el Rûm, Râs headland N Egypt 31°21´N 27°23´E Alamícamba see Alamikamba Alamikamba var. Alamícamba. Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte, NE Nicaragua 13°26´N 84°09´W Alamito Creek j Texas, SW USA

40 M8 Alamitos, Sierra de los l NE Mexico

20 F9

93 N14

41°06´N 44°37´E Alavo see Alavus Ala-Vuokki Kainuu, E Finland 64°46´N 29°29´E Alavus Swe. Alavo. EteläPohjanmaa, W Finland 62°33´N 23°38´E Al ‘Awābī see Awābī Al ‘Awānī Al Anbār, W Iraq 34°28´N 41°43´E Al Awaynāt SE Libya 21°46´N 24°51´E Al Awaynāt see Al ‘Uwaynāt Alawoona South Australia 34°45´S 140°28´E Alaykel’/Alay-Kuu see Këk-Art Al ‘Ayn var. Al Ain. Abū aby, E United Arab Emirates 24°13´N 55°44´E Al ‘Ayn var. Al Ain. k Abū aby, E United Arab Emirates 24°16´N 55°31´E Al ‘Aynā Al Karak, W Jordan 30°59´N 35°43´E Alayor see Alaior Alayskiy Khrebet see Alai Range Alazeya j NE Russian Federation Al ‘Azīzīyah var. Aziziya. Wāsiţ, E Iraq 32°54´N 45°05´E Al ‘Azīzīyah NW Libya 32°32´N 13°01´E

140 I4 104 L7 139 P3 141 V8 143 P17 95 H19 139 Q7

140 M11 140 M11

105 S11 116 H11

138 G10 14 F11 103 O15 12 K11 113 L20

107 H15 180 J14 23 S7 31 P13 20 L8 29 U7 27 R2 18 L10 32 G12 25 Q6 12 F10

138 J6 139 Q11 105 R8 139 Y12 139 Y13 139 V11 141 X8 0

H16

121 Q12 141 P16

Volcano River

31°49´N 36°48´E Alba anc. Alba Pompeia. Piemonte, NW Italy 44°42´N 08°02´E Alba Texas, SW USA 32°47´N 95°37´W Alba r county W Romania Al Ba‘āj Nīnawá, N Iraq 36°02´N 41°43´E Al Bāb Ḩalab, N Syria 36°24´N 37°32´E Albac Hung. Fehérvölgy; prev. Álbák. Alba, SW Romania 46°27´N 22°58´E Albacete Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 39°N 01°52´W Albacete r province CastillaLa Mancha, C Spain Al Bad‘ Tabūk, NW Saudi Arabia 28°28´N 35°00´E Alba de Tormes Castilla y León, N Spain 40°50´N 05°30´W Al Bādī Nīnawá, N Iraq 35°57´N 41°37´E Al Badī‘ah k (Abū aby) Abū aby, C United Arab Emirates 24°27´N 54°39´E Al Badī‘ah var. Al Bedei’ah. spring/well C United Arab Emirates 23°44´N 53°50´E Ålbæk Nordjylland, N Denmark 57°33´N 10°24´E Al Baghdādī var. Khān al Baghdādī. Al Anbār, SW Iraq 33°60´N 42°50´E Al Bāha see Al Bāḩah Al Bāḩah var. Al Bāha. Al BāḨah, SW Saudi Arabia 20°01´N 41°29´E Al Bāḩah var. Minţaqat al Bāḩah. r province W Saudi Arabia Al Baḩrayn see Bahrain Albaida Valenciana, E Spain 38°51´N 00°31´W Alba Iulia Ger. Weissenburg, Hung. Gyulafehérvár; prev. Bălgrad, Karlsburg, KárolyFehérvár. Alba, W Romania 46°06´N 23°33´E Álbák see Albac Al Balqā’ off. Muḩāfaat al Balqā’, var. Balqā’. r governorate NW Jordan Alban Ontario, S Canada 46°07´N 80°37´W Alban Tarn, S France 43°52´N 02°30´E Albanel, Lac c Québec, SE Canada Albania off. Republic of Albania, Alb. Republika e Shqipqërisë, Shqipëria; prev. People’s Socialist Republic of Albania. b republic SE Europe Albania see Aubagne Albano Laziaie Lazio, C Italy 41°44´N 12°40´E Albany Western Australia 35°03´S 117°54´E Albany Georgia, SE USA 31°35´N 84°09´W Albany Indiana, N USA 40°18´N 85°14´W Albany Kentucky, S USA 36°42´N 85°08´W Albany Minnesota, N USA 45°39´N 94°33´W Albany Missouri, C USA 40°15´N 94°15´W Albany state capital New York, NE USA 42°39´N 73°45´W Albany Oregon, NW USA 44°38´N 123°06´W Albany Texas, SW USA 32°44´N 99°18´W Albany j Ontario, S Canada Alba Pompeia see Alba Alba Regia see Székesfehérvár Al Bāridah var. Bāridah. Ḩimş, C Syria 34°15´N 37°39´E Al Barīt Al Anbār, S Iraq 31°16´N 42°28´E Albarracín Aragón, NE Spain 40°24´N 01°25´W Al Başrah Eng. Basra, hist. Busra, Bussora. Al Başrah, SE Iraq 30°30´N 47°50´E Al Başrah off. Muḩāfaᶎat al Başrah, Eng. Basra. r governorate SE Iraq Al Baţḩā’ Dhī Qār, SE Iraq 31°06´N 45°54´E Al Bāţinah var. Batinah. coastal region N Oman Albatross Plateau undersea feature E Pacific Ocean 10°00´N 103°00´W Al Batrūn see Batroûn Al Bayḑā’ var. Beida. NE Libya 32°46´N 21°43´E Al Bayḑā’ var. Al Beida. SW Yemen 13°58´N 45°38´E Al Bedei’ah see Al Badī‘ah Al Beida see Al Bayḑā’

Lake Reservoir

21 S10 Albemarle var. Albermarle. North Carolina, SE USA 35°21´N 80°12´W

Albemarle Island see Isabela, Isla 21 N8 Albemarle Sound inlet W Atlantic Ocean 106 B10 Albenga Liguria, NW Italy 44°04´N 08°13´E

104 L8 Alberche j C Spain 103 O17 Albères, Chaîne des var. les Albères, Montes Albères. m France/Spain Albères, Montes see Albères, Chaîne des 182 F2 Alberga Creek seasonal river South Australia 104 G7 Albergaria-a-Velha Aveiro, N Portugal 40°42´N 08°28´W 105 S10 Alberic Valenciana, E Spain 39°07´N 00°31´W

Albermarle see Albemarle 107 P18 Alberobello Puglia, SE Italy 40°47´N 17°14´E

Alberschwende Vorarlberg, W Austria 47°28´N 09°50´E 103 O3 Albert Somme, N France 108 J7

50°N 02°38´E

11 O12 Alberta r province SW Canada Albert Edward Nyanza see Edward, Lake 61 C20 Alberti Buenos Aires, E Argentina 35°03´S 60°15´W 111 K23 Albertirsa Pest, C Hungary 47°15´N 19°36´E

99 I16 Albertkanaal canal N Belgium 79 P17 Albert, Lake var. Albert Nyanza, Lac Mobutu Sese Seko. c Uganda/Dem. Rep. Congo 29 V11 Albert Lea Minnesota, N USA 43°39´N 93°22´W 81 F16 Albert Nile j NW Uganda Albert Nyanza see Albert, Lake 103 T11 Albertville Savoie, E France 45°41´N 06°24´E

23 Q2 Albertville Alabama, S USA 34°16´N 86°12´W

Albertville see Kalemie 103 N15 Albi anc. Albiga. Tarn, S France 43°55´N 02°09´E 29 W15 Albia Iowa, C USA 55 X9 83 A15 30 M16 31 P11 29 P14 18 E9 18 B12 140 J4 140 M12 141 Q9 98 H13

105 T8

105 O17

105 N17

95 H21

143 N5

41°01´N 92°48´W Albiga see Albi Albina Marowijne, NE Suriname 05°29´N 54°08´W Albina, Ponta headland SW Angola 15°52´S 11°45´E Albion Illinois, N USA 38°22´N 88°03´W Albion Indiana, N USA 41°23´N 85°26´W Albion Nebraska, C USA 41°41´N 98°00´W Albion New York, NE USA 43°13´N 78°09´W Albion Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°52´N 80°18´W Al Biqā‘ see El Beqaa Al Bi’r var. Bi’r Ibn Hirmās. Tabūk, NW Saudi Arabia 28°52´N 36°16´E Al Birk Makkah, SW Saudi Arabia 18°13´N 41°36´E Al Biyāḑ desert C Saudi Arabia Alblasserdam ZuidHolland, SW Netherlands 51°52´N 04°40´E Albocácer see Albocàsser Albocàsser Cast. Albocácer. Valenciana, E Spain 40°21´N 00°01´E Albona see Labin Alborán, Isla de island S Spain Alborán, Mar de see Alboran Sea Alboran Sea Sp. Mar de Alborán. sea SW Mediterranean Sea Ålborg see Aalborg Ålborg Bugt var. Aalborg Bugt. bay N Denmark Ålborg-Nørresundby see Aalborg Alborz var. Ostān-e Alborz. r province N Iran Alborz, Ostān-e see Alborz

143 O5 Alborz, Reshteh-ye Kūhhāye Eng. Elburz Mountains. m N Iran 105 Q14 Albox Andalucía, S Spain 37°22´N 02°08´W

101 H23 Albstadt BadenWürttemberg, SW Germany 48°13´N 09°01´E

104 G14 Albufeira Beja, S Portugal 37°05´N 08°15´W

Ālbū Gharz, Sabkhat c W Iraq 105 O15 Albuñol Andalucía, S Spain 139 P5

36°48´N 03°11´W

37 Q11 Albuquerque New Mexico, SW USA 35°05´N 106°38´W 141 W8 Al Buraymī var. Buraimi. N Oman 24°16´N 55°48´E 143 R17 Al Buraymī var. Buraimi. spring/well Oman/United Arab Emirates 24°27´N 55°33´E Al Burayqah see Marsá al Burayqah Alburgum see Aalborg 104 I10 Alburquerque Extremadura, W Spain 39°12´N 07°00´W 181 V14 Albury New South Wales, SE Australia 36°03´S 146°53´E 141 T14 Al Buzūn SE Yemen 15°40´N 50°53´E

93 G17 Alby Västernorrland, C Sweden 62°30´N 15°25´E Albyn, Glen see Mor, Glen 104 G12 Alcácer do Sal Setúbal, W Portugal 38°22´N 08°29´W Alcalá de Chisvert/Alcalá de Chivert see Alcalà de Xivert 104 K14 Alcalá de Guadaira Andalucía, S Spain 37°20´N 05°50´W

105 O8 Alcalá de Henares Ar. Alkal’a; anc. Complutum. Madrid, C Spain 40°28´N 03°22´W

104 K16 Alcalá de los Gazules Andalucía, S Spain

36°29´N 05°43´W Alcalà de Xivert var. Alcalá de Chisvert, Cast. Alcalá de Chivert. Valenciana, E Spain 40°19´N 00°13´E 105 N14 Alcalá La Real Andalucía, S Spain 37°28´N 03°55´W 107 I23 Alcamo Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 37°58´N 12°58´E 105 T4 Alcanadre j NE Spain 105 T8 Alcanar Cataluña, NE Spain 40°33´N 00°28´E

105 T8

AlcAñices – Almonte 104 J5 105 T7 104 I9 104 J9 105 R13 105 P11 105 P12 104 I12 105 T6 105 N14 105 O10

57 B17 139 X12 117 Y7

21 N9 104 F9 105 N8 105 P7

Alcañices Castilla y León, N Spain 41°41´N 06°21´W Alcañiz Aragón, NE Spain

41°03´N 00°09´W Alcántara Extremadura, W Spain 39°42´N 06°54´W

Alcántara, Embalse de d W Spain Alcantarilla Murcia, SE Spain 37°59´N 01°12´W Alcaraz Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 38°40´N 02°29´W Alcaraz, Sierra de m C Spain Alcarrache j SW Spain Alcarràs Cataluña, NE Spain

41°34´N 00°31´E Alcaudete Andalucía, S Spain 37°35´N 04°05´W Alcázar see Ksar-el-Kebir Alcázar de San Juan anc. Alce. Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 39°24´N 03°12´W Alcazarquivir see Ksar-el-Kebir Alce see Alcázar de San Juan Alcebo, Volcán i Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, E Pacific Ocean 0°25´S 91°06´W Al Chabā’ish var. Al Kaba’ish. Dhī Qār, SE Iraq 30°58´N 47°02´E Alchevs’k prev. Kommunarsk, Voroshilovsk. Luhans’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 48°29´N 38°52´E Alcira see Alzira Alcoa Tennessee, S USA 35°47´N 83°58´W Alcobaça Leiria, C Portugal 39°32´N 08°59´W Alcobendas Madrid, C Spain 40°32´N 03°38´W Alcoi see Alcoy

Alcolea del Pinar Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 41°02´N 02°28´W

104 I11 Alconchel Extremadura, W Spain 38°31´N 07°04´W Alcora see L’Alcora 105 N8 Alcorcón Madrid, C Spain 105 61 104 33 105 105

40°20´N 03°52´W S7 Alcorisa Aragón, NE Spain 40°53´N 00°23´W B19 Alcorta Santa Fe, C Argentina 33°32´S 61°07´W H14 Alcoutim Faro, S Portugal 37°28´N 07°29´W W15 Alcova Wyoming, C USA 42°33´N 106°40´W S11 Alcoy Cat. Alcoi. Valenciana, E Spain 38°42´N 00°29´W Y9 Alcúdia Mallorca, Spain, W Mediterranean Sea 39°51´N 03°06´E

105 Y9

172 M7 139 U10 40 J5 41 P11 123 Q11 123 Q10

162 G7 97 Q20 105 P5

104 H13 29 V11 184 N6 97 L25 97 N22 21 R6 98 L5 30 J11 76 H9 64 Q10 37 P12 61 F15 61 C16 193 T11 124 I12

39 O13

126 L3 113 N14 127 R9

127 U6

125 V13

127 N14

Alcúdia, Badia d’ bay Mallorca, Spain, W Mediterranean Sea Aldabra Group island group SW Seychelles Al Daghghārah Bābil, C Iraq 32°10´N 44°57´E Aldama Chihuahua, N Mexico 28°50´N 105°52´W Aldama Tamaulipas, C Mexico 22°54´N 98°05´W Aldan Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 58°31´N 125°15´E Aldan j NE Russian Federation Aldar see Aldarhaan al Dar al Baida see Rabat Aldarhaan var. Aldar. Dzavhan, W Mongolia 47°43´N 96°36´E Aldeburgh E England, United Kingdom 52°12´N 01°36´E Aldehuela de Calatañazor Castilla y León, N Spain 41°42´N 02°46´W Aldeia Nova see Aldeia Nova de São Bento Aldeia Nova de São Bento var. Aldeia Nova. Beja, S Portugal 37°55´N 07°24´W Alden Minnesota, N USA 43°40´N 93°34´W Aldermen Islands, The island group N New Zealand Alderney island Channel Islands Aldershot S England, United Kingdom 51°15´N 00°47´W Alderson West Virginia, NE USA 37°43´N 80°38´W Al Dhaid see Adh Dhayd Aldtsjerk Dutch. Oudkerk. Fryslân, N Netherlands 53°16´N 05°52´E Aledo Illinois, N USA 41°12´N 90°45´W Aleg Brakna, SW Mauritania 17°03´N 13°53´W Alegranza island Islas Canarias, Spain, NE Atlantic Ocean Alegres Mountain l New Mexico, SW USA 34°09´N 108°11´W Alegrete Rio Grande do Sul, S Brazil 29°46´S 55°46´W Alejandra Santa Fe, C Argentina 29°54´S 59°50´W Alejandro Selkirk, Isla island Islas Juan Fernández, Chile, E Pacific Ocean Alëkhovshchina Leningradskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 60°22´N 33°57´E Aleknagik Alaska, USA 59°16´N 158°37´W Aleksandriya see Oleksandriya Aleksandropol’ see Gyumri Aleksandrov Vladimirskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 56°24´N 38°42´E Aleksandrovac Serbia, C Serbia 43°28´N 21°05´E Aleksandrov Gay Saratovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 50°08´N 48°34´E Aleksandrovka Orenburgskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 52°47´N 54°14´E Aleksandrovka see Oleksandrivka Aleksandrovsk Permskiy Kray, NW Russian Federation 59°12´N 57°27´E Aleksandrovsk see Zaporizhzhya Aleksandrovskoye Stavropol’skiy Kray, SW Russian Federation 44°43´N 42°56´E

123 T12 AleksandrovskSakhalinskiy Ostrov Sakhalin, Sakhalinskaya Oblast’, SE Russian Federation 50°55´N 142°12´E

110 J10 Aleksandrów Kujawski Kujawskio-pormorskie, C Poland 52°52´N 18°40´E 110 K12 Aleksandrów Łódzki Łódzkie, C Poland 114 J8

145 P7

126 L9 127 S7

127 R4 126 K5 113 O14 190 G11 95 N20 102 L6 58 I12 38 G10

103 Y15 197 Q11 103 Q14 116 G9 106 C9

94 D9

139 Z13

51°49´N 19°19´E

Aleksandŭr Stamboliyski, Yazovir d N Bulgaria Alekseevka see Akkol’, Akmola, Kazakhstan Alekseevka see Terekty Alekseyevka Kaz. Alekseevka. Akmola, N Kazakhstan

53°32´N 69°30´E Alekseyevka Belgorodskaya, W Russian Federation 50°35´N 38°41´E Alekseyevka Samarskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 52°37´N 51°20´E Alekseyevka see Akkol’, Akmola, Kazakhstan Alekseyevka see Terekty, Vostochnyy Kazakhstan, Kazakhstan Alekseyevskoye Respublika Tatarstan, W Russian Federation 55°18´N 50°11´E Aleksin Tul’skaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 54°30´N 37°08´E Aleksinac Serbia, SE Serbia 43°33´N 21°43´E Alele Île Uvea, E Wallis and Futuna 13°14´S 176°09´W Ålem Kalmar, S Sweden 56°57´N 16°25´E Alençon Orne, N France 48°26´N 00°04´E Alenquer Pará, NE Brazil 01°58´S 54°45´W ‘Alenuihaha Channel var. Alenuihaha Channel. channel Hawai‘i, USA, C Pacific Ocean Alep/Aleppo see Ḩalab Aléria Corse, France, C Mediterranean Sea 42°06´N 09°29´E Alert Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, N Canada 82°28´N 62°13´W Alès prev. Alais. Gard, S France 44°08´N 04°05´E Aleşd Hung. Élesd. Bihor, SW Romania 47°03´N 22°22´E Alessandria Fr. Alexandrie. Piemonte, N Italy 44°54´N 08°37´E Ålestrup see Aalestrup Ålesund Møre og Romsdal, S Norway 62°28´N 06°11´E 46°33´N 08°01´E

Aleutian Basin undersea feature Bering Sea 57°00´N 177°00´E

38 H17 Aleutian Islands island group Alaska, USA 39 P14 Aleutian Range m Alaska, USA 0 B5 Aleutian Trench undersea feature S Bering Sea 57°00´N 177°00´W

28°40´S 16°30´E

23 Q5 Alexander City Alabama, S USA 32°56´N 85°57´W 194 J6 Alexander Island island Antarctica Alexander Range see Kirghiz Range 183 O12 Alexandra Victoria, SE Australia 37°12´S 145°43´E 185 D22 Alexandra Otago, South Island, New Zealand 45°15´S 169°25´E

115 F14 Alexándreia var. Alexándria. Kentrikí Makedonía, N Greece 40°38´N 22°27´E

Alexandretta see İskenderun Alexandretta, Gulf of see İskenderun Körfezi 15 N13 Alexandria Ontario, SE Canada 45°19´N 74°37´W 121 U13 Alexandria Ar. Al Iskandarīyah. N Egypt

116 J15 31 P13 20 M4 22 H7 29 T7 29 Q11 21 W4 18 I7 182 J10 114 K13

10 L15 122 I13 139 S8 105 R8 141 R15 105 Q4 105 U5

31°07´N 29°51´E Alexandria C Jamaica 18°18´N 77°21´W Alexandria Teleorman, S Romania 43°58´N 25°18´E Alexandria Indiana, N USA 40°15´N 85°40´W Alexandria Kentucky, S USA 38°59´N 84°22´W Alexandria Louisiana, S USA 31°19´N 92°27´W Alexandria Minnesota, N USA 45°54´N 95°22´W Alexandria South Dakota, N USA 43°39´N 97°46´W Alexandria Virginia, NE USA 38°49´N 77°06´W Alexándria see Alexándreia Alexandria Bay New York, NE USA 44°20´N 75°54´W Alexandrie see Alessandria Alexandrina, Lake c South Australia Alexandroúpoli var. Alexandroúpolis, Turk. Dedeagaç, Dedeagach. Anatolikí Makedonía kai Thráki, NE Greece 40°52´N 25°53´E Alexandroúpolis see Alexandroúpoli Alexis Creek British Columbia, SW Canada 52°06´N 123°25´W Aleysk Altayskiy Kray, S Russian Federation 52°32´N 82°46´E Al Fallūjah var. Falluja. Al Anbār, C Iraq 33°21´N 43°46´E Alfambra j E Spain Al Faqa see Faq‘ Al Farḑah C Yemen 14°51´N 48°33´E Alfaro La Rioja, N Spain 42°13´N 01°45´W Alfarràs Cataluña, NE Spain 41°50´N 00°34´E Al Fāshir see El Fasher

Country Country Capital

75 W8 115 D20 100 I13

94 C11 19 P9 18 F11

43°56´N 27°17´E Al Fatḩah Şalāḩ ad Dīn, C Iraq 35°06´N 43°34´E Al Fatsī Nīnawá, N Iraq 36°04´N 42°39´E Al Fāw var. Fao. Al Başrah, SE Iraq 29°55´N 48°26´E Al Fayyūm var. El Faiyûm. N Egypt 29°19´N 30°50´E Alfeiós prev. Alfiós; anc. Alpheius, Alpheus. j S Greece Alfeld Niedersachsen, C Germany 51°58´N 09°49´E Alfiós see Alfeiós Alföld see Great Hungarian Plain Ålfotbreen glacier S Norway Alfred Maine, NE USA 43°29´N 70°44´W Alfred New York, NE USA 42°15´N 77°47´W

61 K14 Alfredo Wagner Santa Catarina, S Brazil 27°40´S 49°22´W

94 M12 Alfta Gävleborg, C Sweden 140 K12 139 Q6 143 S16 143 S16

144 I10 144 G9

95 C17 104 G14 182 G3 104 K16 105 S10 120 F9 74 H9

61°20´N 16°05´E Al Fuḩayḩīl var. Fahaheel. SE Kuwait 29°01´N 48°05´E Al Fuḩaymī Al Anbār, C Iraq 34°18´N 42°09´E Al Fujayrah Eng. Fujairah. Al Fujayrah, NE United Arab Emirates 25°09´N 56°18´E Al Fujayrah Eng. Fujairah. k Al Fujayrah, NE United Arab Emirates 25°04´N 56°12´E Al-Furāt see Euphrates Alga Kaz. Algha. Aktyubinsk, NW Kazakhstan 49°56´N 57°19´E Algabas Kaz. Alghabas. Zapadnyy Kazakhstan, NW Kazakhstan 50°43´N 52°09´E Ålgård Rogaland, S Norway 58°45´N 05°52´E Algarve cultural region S Portugal Algebuckina Bridge South Australia 28°03´S 135°48´E Algeciras Andalucía, SW Spain 36°08´N 05°27´W Algemesí Valenciana, E Spain 39°11´N 00°27´W Al-Genain see El Geneina Alger var. Algiers, El Djazaïr, Al Jazair. a (Algeria) N Algeria 36°47´N 02°58´E Algeria off. Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria. b republic N Africa

Algeria, Democratic and Popular Republic of see Algeria 120 J8 Algerian Basin var. Balearic Plain. undersea feature W Mediterranean Sea Algha see Alga 138 I4 Al Ghāb Valley NW Syria 141 X10 Al Ghābah var. Ghaba. C Oman 21°22´N 57°14´E Alghabas see Algabas 141 U14 Al Ghayḑah E Yemen 16°15´N 52°13´E

123 T10 Alevina, Mys cape E Russian Federation 15 Q6 Alex j Québec, SE Canada 28 J3 Alexander North Dakota, N USA 47°48´N 103°38´W 39 W14 Alexander Archipelago island group Alaska, USA Alexanderbaai see Alexander Bay 83 D23 Alexander Bay Afr. Alexanderbaai. Northern Cape, W South Africa

44 J12

139 S5 139 Q3

108 E10 Aletschhorn l SW Switzerland 197 S1

75 W8 Al Fashn var. El Fashn. C Egypt 28°49´N 30°54´E 114 M7 Alfatar Silistra, NE Bulgaria

140 M6 Al Ghazālah Ḩā’il, NW Saudi Arabia 26°55´N 41°23´E 107 B17 Alghero Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 40°34´N 08°19´E

139 T9

104 J10

141 Q16 Al Ḩawrā S Yemen

123 T6

36°39´N 04°41´W 13°54´N 47°36´E

139 V10 Al Ḩayy var. Kut al Hai, Kūt al Ḩayy. Wāsiţ, E Iraq 32°11´N 46°03´E

141 U11 Al Ḩibāk desert E Saudi Arabia 138 H8 Al Hījānah var. Hejanah, Hijanah. Rīf Dimashq, W Syria 33°23´N 36°34´E 140 K7 Al Ḩijāz Eng. Hejaz. physical region NW Saudi Arabia Al Hilbeh see ‘Ulayyānīyah, Bi’r al 139 T9 Al Ḩillah var. Hilla. Bābil, C Iraq 32°28´N 44°29´E 139 T9 Al Hindīyah var. Hindiya. Bābil, C Iraq 32°32´N 44°14´E 138 G12 Al Ḩisā Aţ afīlah, W Jordan

30°49´N 35°58´E 74 G5 Al-Hoceïma var. al Hoceima, Al-Hoceima, Alhucemas; prev. Villa Sanjurjo. N Morocco 35°14´N 03°56´W Alhucemas see Al-Hoceïma 105 N17 Alhucemas, Peñon de island group S Spain 141 N15 Al Ḩudaydah Eng. Hodeida. W Yemen 15°N 42°50´E 141 N15 Al Ḩudaydah var. Hodeida. k W Yemen 14°45´N 43°01´E

140 M4 Al Ḩudūd ash Shamālīyah var. Minţaqat al Ḩudūd ash Shamālīyah, Eng. Northern Border Region. r province N Saudi Arabia 141 S7 Al Hufūf var. Hofuf. Ash Sharqīyah, NE Saudi Arabia 141 X7 138 G9 139 U9 104 L10 143 P9 105 S7 136 B13 115 F14 139 W9 139 U11 115 G18 114 P12 77 S13 112 M10 105 S12 105 S12

Al Ghurdaqah var. Ghurdaqah, Hurghada. E Egypt 27°17´N 33°47´E Algiers see Alger 105 S10 Alginet Valenciana, E Spain

105 S12

83 I26 Algoa Bay bay S South Africa 104 L15 Algodonales Andalucía, S Spain 36°54´N 05°24´W 105 N9 Algodor j C Spain Al Golea see El Goléa 31 N6 Algoma Wisconsin, N USA

83 I25

57°00´N 15°34´E

39°16´N 00°28´W

44°41´N 87°24´W

29 U12 Algona Iowa, C USA

43°04´N 94°13´W Algood Tennessee, S USA 36°12´N 85°27´W 105 O2 Algorta País Vasco, N Spain 43°20´N 03°00´W 61 E18 Algorta Río Negro, W Uruguay 32°26´S 57°18´W Al Haba see Haba 139 Q10 Al Habbārīyah Al Anbār, S Iraq 32°16´N 42°12´E Al Hadhar see Al Ḩaḑr 139 Q4 Al Ḩaḑr var. Al Hadhar; anc. Hatra. Nīnawýa, NW Iraq 35°34´N 42°44´E 139 T13 Al Ḩajarah desert S Iraq

20 L8

141 W8 Al Ḩajar al Gharbī m N Oman 141 Y8 Al Ḩajar ash Sharqī m NE Oman 141 R15 Al Hajarayn C Yemen 15°29´N 48°24´E

138 L10 Al Ḩamād desert Jordan/ Saudi Arabia Al Hamad see Syrian Desert 75 N9 Al Ḩamādah al Ḩamrā’ var. Al Ḩamrā’. desert NW Libya 105 N15 Alhama de Granada Andalucía, S Spain 37°00´N 03°59´W

105 R13 Alhama de Murcia Murcia, SE Spain 37°51´N 01°25´W 35 T15 Alhambra California, W USA 139 141

141 140 139 139 140 75 139

139

34°08´N 118°06´W T12 Al Ḩammām An Najaf, S Iraq 31°09´N 44°04´E X8 Al Ḩamrā’ NE Oman 23°07´N 57°23´E Al Ḩamrā’ see Al Ḩamādah al Ḩamrā’ O6 Al Ḩamūdīyah spring/well N Saudi Arabia 27°05´N 44°24´E M7 Al Ḩanākīyah Al Madīnah, W Saudi Arabia 24°55´N 40°31´E W14 Al Ḩanīyah escarpment Iraq/ Saudi Arabia Y12 Al Hārithah Al Başrah, SE Iraq 30°43´N 47°44´E L3 Al Ḩarrah desert NW Saudi Arabia Q10 Al Harūj al Aswad desert C Libya Al Hasaifin see Al Ḩusayfīn N2 Al Ḩasakah var. Al Hasijah, El Haseke, Fr. Hassetché. Al Ḩasakah, NE Syria 36°22´N 40°44´E O2 Al Ḩasakah off. Muḩāfaat al Ḩasakah, var. Al Hasakah, Āl Hasakah, Hasakah, Hassakeh. r governorate NE Syria

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

32°24´N 44°39´E

140 K3

138 G13 Al Hāshimīyah Ma‘ān, S Jordan 30°31´N 35°46´E Al Hasijah see Al Ḩasakah 104 M15 Alhaurín el Grande Andalucía, S Spain

95 M20 Älghult Kronoberg, S Sweden 75 X9

Al Hasakah see Al Ḩasakah Al Hasakah see ‘Āmūdah Al Hāshimīyah Bābil, C Iraq

83 I25 25 S14

65 B25 107 P20 181 Q7 23 N4 147 U13

25°21´N 49°34´E al-Hurma see Al Khurmah Al Ḩusayfīn var. Al Hasaifin. N Oman 24°33´N 56°33´E Al Ḩuşn var. Husn. Irbid, N Jordan 32°29´N 35°53´E ‘Alī Wāsiţ, E Iraq 32°43´N 45°21´E Alia Extremadura, W Spain 39°25´N 05°12´W ‘Alīābād Yazd, C Iran 36°55´N 54°33´E ‘Alīābad see Qā’emshahr Aliaga Aragón, NE Spain 40°40´N 00°42´W Aliağa İzmir, W Turkey 38°49´N 26°59´E Aliákmon see Aliákmonas Aliákmonas prev. Aliákmon; anc. Haliacmon. j N Greece ‘Alī al Gharbī Maysān, E Iraq 32°28´N 46°42´E ‘Alī al Ḩassūnī Al Qādisīyah, S Iraq 31°25´N 44°50´E Alíartos Stereá Elláda, C Greece 38°23´N 23°06´E Äli-Bayramli see Șirvan Alibey Barajī d NW Turkey Alibori j N Benin Alibunar Vojvodina, NE Serbia 45°06´N 20°59´E Alicante Cat. Alacant, Lat. Lucentum. Valenciana, SE Spain 38°21´N 00°29´W Alicante r province Valenciana, SE Spain Alicante k Murcia, E Spain 38°21´N 00°29´W Alice Eastern Cape, S South Africa 32°47´S 26°50´E Alice Texas, SW USA 27°45´N 98°06´W Alicedale Eastern Cape, S South Africa 33°19´S 26°05´E Alice, Mount hill West Falkland, Falkland Islands Alice, Punta headland S Italy 39°24´N 17°09´E Alice Springs Northern Territory, C Australia 23°42´S 133°52´E Aliceville Alabama, S USA 33°07´N 88°09´W Alichur SE Tajikistan 37°49´N 73°45´E

139 T8

75 W7 114 H13 39 P15

115 H18

83 I24

Al Jamāhīrīyah al ‘Arabīyah al Lībīyah ash Sha‘bīyah al Ishtirākīy see Libya 140 K3 Al Jarāwī spring/ well NW Saudi Arabia 30°12´N 38°48´E

141 X11 Al Jawārah oasis SE Oman 140 L3 Al Jawf off. Jauf. Al Jawf, NW Saudi Arabia

104 139 138

141 141 143 104

35 35 141 138

138 139

163 U5 Alihe var. Oroqen Zizhiqi. Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China

141

F12 Alijos, Islas islets California, SW USA 149 R6 ‘Alī Kbel Pash. ‘Alī Khēl. Paktīkā, E Afghanistan

143

50°34´N 123°40´E

33°55´N 69°49´E ‘Alī Khēl var. Ali Khel, Jajı; prev. ‘Alī Kheyl. Paktiyā, SE Afghanistan 33°55´N 69°46´E ‘Alī Khēl see ‘Alī Kbel, Paktīkā, Afghanistan Ali Khel see ‘Alī Kheyl, Paktīā, Afghanistan ‘Alī Kheyl see ‘Alī Khēl 141 V17 Al Ikhwān island group SE Yemen Aliki see Alykí 79 H19 Alima j C Congo

149 R6

Al Imārāt al ‘Arabīyahal Muttaḩidah see United Arab Emirates 115 N23 Alimía island Dodekánisa, Greece, Aegean Sea 55 V12 Alimimuni Piek l S Suriname 02°26´N 55°46´W 79 K15 Alindao Basse-Kotto, S Central African Republic 95 J18 81 K18 149 S11 153 T12 18 B14 80 L12

04°58´N 21°16´E Alingsås Västra Götaland, S Sweden 57°55´N 12°30´E Alinjugul spring/well E Kenya 0°03´S 40°31´E Alīpur Punjab, E Pakistan 29°22´N 70°59´E Alīpur Duār West Bengal, NE India 26°28´N 89°25´E Aliquippa Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°36´N 80°15´W ‘Ali Sabieh var. ‘Alī Sabīḥ. S Djibouti 11°07´N 42°44´E

Administrative Regions International Airport

29°51´N 39°49´E Al Jawf var. Minţaqat al Jawf. r province N Saudi Arabia Al Jawlān see Golan Heights Al Jazair see Alger N4 Al Jazīrah physical region Iraq/Syria F14 Aljezur Faro, S Portugal 37°18´N 08°49´W S13 Al Jīl An Najaf, S Iraq 30°28´N 43°57´E G11 Al Jīzah var. Jiza. ‘Ammān, N Jordan 31°42´N 35°57´E Al Jīzah see Giza Al Jubail see Al Jubayl S6 Al Jubayl var. Al Jubail. Ash Sharqīyah, NE Saudi Arabia 27°N 49°36´E T10 Āl Juḩaysh, Qalamat well SE Saudi Arabia N15 Al Jumaylīyah N Qatar 25°37´N 51°05´E Al Junaynah see El Geneina G13 Aljustrel Beja, S Portugal 37°52´N 08°10´W Al Kaba’ish see Al Chabā’ish Al-Kadhimain see Al Kāimīyah Al Kāf see El Kef Alkal’a see Alcalá de Henares W4 Alkali Flat salt flat Nevada, W USA Q1 Alkali Lake c Nevada, W USA Z9 Al Kāmil NE Oman 22°14´N 58°15´E G11 Al Karak var. El Kerak, Karak, Kerak; anc. Kir Moab, Kir of Moab. Al Karak, W Jordan 31°11´N 35°42´E G12 Al Karak off. Muḩāfaat al Karak. r governorate W Jordan W8 Al Karmashīyah Wāsiţ, E Iraq 32°57´N 46°10´E Al-Kashaniya see Al Qash‘ānīyah Al-Kasr al-Kebir see Ksar-el-Kebir T8 Al Kāimīyah var. AlKadhimain, Kadhimain. Baghdād, C Iraq 33°22´N 44°20´E J18 Alken Limburg, NE Belgium 50°52´N 05°19´E X8 Al Khābūrah var. Khabura. N Oman 23°57´N 57°06´E Al Khalīl see Hebron T7 Al Khāliş Diyālá, C Iraq 33°51´N 44°33´E Al Khaluf see Khalūf W10 Al Khārijah var. El Khârga. C Egypt 25°31´N 30°36´E Q8 Al Kharj Ar Riyāḑ, C Saudi Arabia 24°12´N 47°12´E W6 Al Khaşab var. Khasab. N Oman 26°11´N 56°18´E Al Khaur see Al Khawr N15 Al Khawr var. Al Khaur, Al Khor. N Qatar 25°40´N 51°33´E K12 Al Khīrān var. Al Khiran. SE Kuwait 28°34´N 48°21´E W9 Al Khīrān spring/well NW Oman 22°31´N 55°42´E Al Khiyām see El Khiyam Al-Khobar see Al Khubar Al Khor see Al Khawr S6 Al Khubar var. Al-Khobar. Ash Sharqīyah, NE Saudi Arabia 26°00´N 50°00´E M12 Al Khums var. Homs, Khoms, Khums. NW Libya 32°39´N 14°16´E R15 Al Khuraybah C Yemen 15°05´N 48°17´E M9 Al Khurmah var. al-Hurma. Makkah, W Saudi Arabia 21°59´N 42°00´E V9 Al Kidan desert NE Saudi Arabia V4 Alkino-2 Respublika Bashkortostan, W Russian Federation 54°30´N 55°40´E H9 Alkmaar NoordHolland, NW Netherlands 52°37´N 04°45´E T10 Al Kūfah var. Kufa. An Najaf, S Iraq 32°02´N 44°25´E T11 Al Kufrah SE Libya 24°11´N 23°19´E T10 Al Kursū‘ desert E Saudi Arabia V9 Al Kūt var. Kūt al ‘Amārah, Kut al Imara. Wāsiţ, E Iraq 32°30´N 45°51´E Al-Kuwait see Al Kuwayt Al Kuwayr see Guwēr

140 L4

139

99 141 139 75 141

142 141

141 120 141 140 141 127 98 139 75 141 139

Mountain Mountain Range

142 K11 Al Kuwayt var. Al-Kuwait, Eng. Kuwait, Kuwait City; prev. Qurein. a (Kuwait) E Kuwait 29°23´N 48°00´E 142 K11 Al Kuwayt k C Kuwait 29°13´N 47°57´E

115 G19 Alkyonidón, Kólpos gulf C Greece 141 N4 Al Labbah physical region N Saudi Arabia 138 G4 Al Lādhiqīyah Eng. Latakia, Fr. Lattaquié; anc. Laodicea, Laodicea ad Mare. Al Lādhiqīyah, W Syria 35°31´N 35°47´E

138 H4 Al Lādhiqīyah off. Muḩāfaat al Ļādhiqīyah, var. Al Lathqiyah, Latakia, Lattakia. r governorate W Syria 19 R2 Allagash River j Maine, NE USA 152 M13 Allahābād Uttar Pradesh, N India 25°27´N 81°50´E 143 S3 Allāh Dāgh, Reshteh-ye m NE Iran 39 Q8 Allakaket Alaska, USA 66°34´N 152°39´W

141 X12 Al Lakbī S Oman 18°27´N 56°37´E

11 T15 Allan Saskatchewan, S Canada 51°50´N 105°59´W Allanmyo see Aunglan 83 I22 Allanridge Free State, C South Africa 27°45´S 26°40´E 104 H4 Allariz Galicia, NW Spain 42°11´N 07°48´W

30°18´N 36°13´E Al Jaghbūb NE Libya 29°45´N 24°31´E 142 K11 Al Jahrā’ var. Al Jahrah, Jahra. C Kuwait 29°18´N 47°36´E Al Jahrah see Al Jahrā’

75 T8

139

0

30°41´N 37°58´E Aliseda Extremadura, W Spain 39°25´N 06°42´W Al Iskandarīyah Bābil, C Iraq 32°53´N 44°22´E Al Iskandarīyah see Alexandria Aliskerovo Chukotskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug, NE Russian Federation 67°40´N 167°37´E Al Ismā‘īlīya var. Ismailia, Ismâ‘ilîya. N Egypt 30°32´N 32°13´E Alistráti Kentrikí Makedonía, NE Greece 41°03´N 23°58´E Alitak Bay bay Kodiak Island, Alaska, USA Al Ittiḩād see Madīnat ash Sha‘b Alivéri var. Alivérion. Évvoia, C Greece 38°24´N 24°02´E Alivérion see Alivéri Aliwal-Noord see Aliwal North Aliwal North Afr. AliwalNoord. Eastern Cape, SE South Africa 30°42´S 26°43´E

121 Q13 Al Jabal al Akhḑar m NE Libya 138 H13 Al Jafr Ma‘ān, S Jordan

147 U14 Alichuri Janubí, Qatorkŭhi Rus. Yuzhno-Alichurskiy Khrebet. m SE Tajikistan 147 U13 Alichuri Shimolí, Qatorkŭhi Rus. SeveroAlichurskiy Khrebet. m SE Tajikistan 107 K22 Alicudi, Isola island Isole Eolie, S Italy Alifu Atoll see Ari Atoll 43 W14 Aligandí Kuna Yala, NE Panama 09°15´N 78°05´W 152 J11 Alīgarh Uttar Pradesh, N India 27°54´N 78°04´E 142 M7 Alīgūdarz Lorestān, W Iran 33°24´N 49°19´E

‘Alī Sabīḥ see ‘Ali Sabieh Al ‘Īsāwīyah Al Jawf, NW Saudi Arabia

Volcano River

139 R11 Al Laşaf var. Al Lussuf. An Najaf, S Iraq

31°38´N 43°16´E Al Lathqiyah see Al Lādhiqīyah 23 S2 Allatoona Lake d Georgia, SE USA 83 J19 Alldays Limpopo, NE South Africa 22°39´S 29°04´E Alle see Łyna 31 P10 Allegan Michigan, N USA 42°31´N 85°51´W

18 E14 Allegheny Mountains m NE USA 18 E12 Allegheny Plateau m New York/Pennsylvania, NE USA 18 D11 Allegheny Reservoir d New York/Pennsylvania, NE USA 18 E12 Allegheny River j New York/Pennsylvania, NE USA 22 K9 Allemands, Lac des c Louisiana, S USA 25 U6 Allen Texas, SW USA 33°06´N 96°40´W

21 R14 Allendale South Carolina, SE USA 33°01´N 81°19´W 41 N6 Allende Coahuila, NE Mexico 28°22´N 100°50´W

41 O9 Allende Nuevo León, NE Mexico 25°20´N 100°01´W 97 D16 Allen, Lough Ir. Loch Aillionn. c NW Ireland 185 B26 Allen, Mount l Stewart Island, Southland, SW New Zealand 47°05´S 167°49´E 109 V2 Allensteig Niederösterreich, N Austria 48°40´N 15°24´E Allenstein see Olsztyn 18 I14 Allentown Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°37´N 75°30´W 155 G23 Alleppey var. Alappuzha. Kerala, SW India 09°30´N 76°22´E see also Alappuzha 100 J12 Aller j NW Germany 29 V16 Allerton Iowa, C USA 40°42´N 93°22´W

99 K19 Alleur Liège, E Belgium

21 29 14 140 96 103 108

141 14 109 15 27 23 27 31 29 30 139

105 104 104

32°39´N 44°28´E Al Mahdīyah see Mahdia Al Maḩmūdīyah var. Mahmudiya. Baghdād, C Iraq 33°04´N 44°22´E 141 T14 Al Mahrah m E Yemen 141 P7 Al Majma‘ah Ar Riyāḑ, C Saudi Arabia 25°55´N 45°19´E 139 Q11 Al Makmīn well S Iraq 139 Q1 Al Mālikīyah var. Malkiye. Al Ḩasakah, N Syria 37°12´N 42°13´E Almalyk see Olmaliq Al Mamlakah see Morocco

139 T8

Al Mamlaka al Urdunīya al Hashemīyah see Jordan 143 Q18 Al Manādir var. Al Manadir. desert Oman/United Arab Emirates 142 L15 Al Manāmah Eng. Manama. a (Bahrain) N Bahrain 26°13´N 50°33´E

139 O5 Al Manāşif m E Syria 35 O4 Almanor, Lake d California, W USA 105 R11 Almansa Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 38°52´N 01°06´W 75 W7 Al Manşūrah var. Manṣûra, El Manṣûra. N Egypt 104 L3 104 L8 105 P14 139 S9 75 R7 138 L2 141 X8

145 U15 145 S14

145 U15

139 R3 139 N5 139 X10 141 N5 105 P6 141 W8 123 N11 105 T9

42°08´N 102°54´W

138 G11

31 U12 Alliance Ohio, N USA

44

15°00´N 47°49´E

105 N11 Almagro Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 38°54´N 03°43´W Al Maḩallah al Kubrá see El Maḥalla el Kubra 139 T9 Al Maḩāwīl var. Khān al Maḩāwīl. Bābil, C Iraq

50°40´N 05°33´E

101 J25 Allgäuer Alpen m Austria/ Germany 28 J13 Alliance Nebraska, C USA

103 139

141 R15 Al Maghārīm C Yemen

40°55´N 81°06´W O10 Allier r department N France R13 Al Līfīyah well An Najaf, S Iraq J13 Alligator Pond C Jamaica 17°52´N 77°34´W Y9 Alligator River j North Carolina, SE USA W12 Allison Iowa, C USA 42°45´N 92°48´W G14 Alliston Ontario, S Canada 44°09´N 79°51´W L11 Al Līth Makkah, SW Saudi Arabia 21°N 41°E Al Liwā’ see Līwā J12 Alloa C Scotland, United Kingdom 56°07´N 03°49´W U14 Allos Alpes-de-HauteProvence, SE France 44°16´N 06°37´E D6 Allschwil Basel Landschaft, NW Switzerland 47°34´N 07°32´E Al Lubnān see Lebanon N14 Al Luḩayyah W Yemen 15°44´N 42°45´E K12 Allumettes, Île des island Québec, SE Canada Al Lussuf see Al Laşaf S5 Alm j N Austria Q7 Alma Québec, SE Canada 48°32´N 71°41´W S10 Alma Arkansas, C USA 35°28´N 94°13´W V7 Alma Georgia, SE USA 31°32´N 82°27´W P4 Alma Kansas, C USA 39°01´N 96°17´W Q8 Alma Michigan, N USA 43°22´N 84°39´W O17 Alma Nebraska, C USA 40°06´N 99°21´W I7 Alma Wisconsin, N USA 44°21´N 91°54´W R12 Al Ma‘ānīyah well An Najaf, S Iraq Alma-Ata see Almaty Alma-Atinskaya Oblast’ see Almaty T5 Almacelles Cataluña, NE Spain 41°44´N 00°26´E F11 Almada Setúbal, W Portugal 38°40´N 09°09´W L11 Almadén Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 38°47´N 04°50´W

Almadies, Pointe des headland W Senegal 14°44´N 17°31´W 140 L7 Al Madīnah Eng. Medina. Al Madīnah, W Saudi Arabia 24°25´N 39°29´E 140 L7 Al Madīnah off. Minţaqat al Madīnah. r province W Saudi Arabia 138 H9 Al Mafraq var. Mafraq. Al Mafraq, N Jordan 32°20´N 36°12´E 138 J10 Al Mafraq off. Muḩāfaat al Mafraq. r governorate NW Jordan 66 L6

Lake Reservoir

101 G15 104 I7 104 G10 98 O10 105 S9 105 P12 105 P5

31°03´N 31°23´E Almanza Castilla y León, N Spain 42°40´N 05°01´W Almanzor l W Spain 40°13´N 05°18´W Almanzora j SE Spain Al Mardah Karbalā’, C Iraq 32°35´N 43°30´E Al-Mariyya see Almería Al Marj var. Barka, It. Barce. NE Libya 32°30´N 20°54´E Al Mashrafah Ar Raqqah, N Syria 36°25´N 39°07´E Al Maşna‘ah var. Al Muşana‘a. NE Oman 23°45´N 57°38´E Almassora see Almazora Almatinskaya Oblast’ see Almaty Almaty var. Alma-Ata. Almaty, SE Kazakhstan 43°19´N 76°55´E Almaty off. Almatinskaya Oblast’, Kaz. Almaty Oblysy; prev. Alma-Atinskaya Oblast’. r province SE Kazakhstan Almaty k Almaty, SE Kazakhstan 43°15´N 76°57´E Almaty Oblysy see Almaty al-Mawailih see Al Muwayliḩ Al Mawşil Eng. Mosul. Nīnawá, N Iraq 36°21´N 43°08´E Al Mayādīn var. Mayadin, Fr. Meyadine. Dayr az Zawr, E Syria 35°00´N 40°31´E Al Maymūnah var. Maimuna. Maysān, SE Iraq 31°43´N 46°55´E Al Mayyāh Ḩā’il, N Saudi Arabia 27°57´N 42°53´E Al Ma’zam see Al Ma’zim Almazán Castilla y León, N Spain 41°29´N 02°31´W Al Ma’zim var. Al Ma’zam. NW Oman 23°22´N 56°16´E Almaznyy Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 62°19´N 114°14´E Almazora Cat. Almassora. Valenciana, E Spain 39°55´N 00°02´W Al Mazra‘ see Al Mazra‘ah Al Mazra‘ah var. Al Mazra‘, Mazra‘a. Al Karak, W Jordan 31°18´N 35°32´E Alme j W Germany Almeida Guarda, N Portugal 40°43´N 06°53´W Almeirim Santarém, C Portugal 39°12´N 08°37´W Almelo Overijssel, E Netherlands 52°22´N 06°42´E Almenara Valenciana, E Spain 39°46´N 00°14´W Almenaras l S Spain 38°31´N 02°27´W Almenar de Soria Castilla y León, N Spain 41°41´N 02°12´W

Almendra, Embalse de d Castilla y León, NW Spain 104 J11 Almendralejo Extremadura, W Spain 38°41´N 06°25´W 98 J10 Almere var. Almere-stad. Flevoland, C Netherlands 104 J6

52°22´N 05°12´E

98 J10 Almere-Buiten Flevoland, C Netherlands 52°24´N 05°15´E 98 J10 Almere-Haven Flevoland, C Netherlands 52°20´N 05°13´E Almere-stad see Almere 105 P15 Almería Ar. Al-Mariyya; anc. Unci, Lat. Portus Magnus. Andalucía, S Spain 36°50´N 02°26´W

105 P14 Almería r province Andalucía, S Spain 105 P15 Almería, Golfo de gulf S Spain 127 S5 Al’met’yevsk Respublika Tatarstan, W Russian Federation 54°53´N 52°20´E 95 L21 Älmhult Kronoberg, S Sweden 56°32´N 14°10´E 141 U9 Al Miḩrāḑ desert NE Saudi Arabia Al Mīnā’ see El Mina 104 L17 Almina, Punta headland Ceuta, Spain, N Africa 35°54´N 05°16´W

75 W9 Al Minyā var. El Minya, Minya. C Egypt 28°06´N 30°40´E

Al Miqdādīyah see Al Muqdādīyah 43 P14 Almirante Bocas del Toro, NW Panama 09°20´N 82°22´W Almirós see Almyrós 140 M9 Al Mislaḩ spring/ well W Saudi Arabia 22°46´N 40°47´E

Almissa see Omiš 104 G13 Almodôvar var. Almodóvar. Beja, S Portugal 37°31´N 08°03´W

104 M11 Almodóvar del Campo Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 38°43´N 04°10´W

105 Q9 Almodóvar del Pinar Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 31 S9

39°44´N 01°55´W

Almont Michigan, N USA 42°53´N 83°02´W

14 L13 Almonte Ontario, SE Canada 45°13´N 76°12´W

215

Almonte – AmrAoti 104 J14 Almonte Andalucía, S Spain 104 K9 152 K9

37°16´N 06°31´W

Almonte j W Spain Almora Uttarakhand, N India 29°36´N 79°40´E

104 M8 Almorox Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 40°13´N 04°22´W 141 S7 Al Mubarraz Ash Sharqīyah, E Saudi Arabia 138 G15 141 Y9 105 S5 141 S15 141 N16 105 N15 139 U7 140 L3 136 M12 139 T9 139 V13

139 V9 138 H10 140 J5 115 F17 115 I24

96 L13

190 B16 190 A16 190 E13 190 E13 118 G7 153 X10 115 H16 104 M15 171 Q16 171 Q16 171 O16 168 I7

154 F9 186 G10 171 Y16 35 R12 31 R6

25°28´N 49°34´E Al Muḑaibī see Al Muḑaybī Al Mudawwarah Ma‘ān, SW Jordan 29°20´N 36°E Al Muḑaybī var. Al Muḑaibī. NE Oman 22°35´N 58°08´E Almudébar see Almudévar Almudévar var. Almudébar. Aragón, NE Spain 42°03´N 00°34´W Al Mukallā var. Mukalla. SE Yemen 14°36´N 49°07´E Al Mukhā Eng. Mocha. SW Yemen 13°18´N 43°17´E Almuñécar Andalucía, S Spain 36°44´N 03°41´W Al Muqdādīyah var. Al Miqdādīyah. Diyālá, C Iraq 33°58´N 44°58´E Al Murayr spring/ well NW Saudi Arabia 30°06´N 39°54´E Almus Tokat, N Turkey 40°22´N 36°54´E Al Muşana‘a see Al Maşna‘ah Al Musayyib var. Musaiyib. Bābil, C Iraq 32°47´N 44°20´E Al Muthannā off. Muḩāfaᶎat al Muthannā, var. As Samāwah. r governorate S Iraq Al Muwaffaqīyah Wāsiţ, S Iraq 32°19´N 45°22´E Al Muwaqqar var. El Muwaqqar. ‘Ammān, W Jordan 31°49´N 36°06´E Al Muwayliḩ var. alMawailih. Tabūk, NW Saudi Arabia 27°39´N 35°33´E Almyrós var. Almirós. Thessalía, C Greece 39°11´N 22°45´E Almyroú, Órmos bay Kríti, Greece, E Mediterranean Sea Al Nūwfalīyah see An Nawfalīyah Alnwick N England, United Kingdom 55°27´N 01°44´W Al Obayyid see El Obeid Al Odaid see Al ‘Udayd Alofi q (Niue) W Niue 19°01´S 169°55´E Alofi Bay bay W Niue, C Pacific Ocean Alofi, Île island S Wallis and Futuna Alofitai Île Alofi, W Wallis and Futuna 14°21´S 178°03´W Aloha State see Hawai‘i Aloja N Latvia 57°47´N 24°53´E Along Arunāchel Pradesh, NE India 28°15´N 94°56´E Alónnisos island Vóreies Sporádes, Greece, Aegean Sea Álora Andalucía, S Spain 36°50´N 04°43´W Alor, Kepulauan island group E Indonesia Alor, Pulau prev. Ombai. island Kepulauan Alor, E Indonesia Alor, Selat strait Flores Sea/ Savu Sea Alor Setar var. Alor Star, Alur Setar. Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia 06°06´N 100°23´E Alor Star see Alor Setar Alost see Aalst Ālot Madhya Pradesh, C India 23°56´N 75°40´E Alotau Milne Bay, SE Papua New Guinea 10°20´S 150°23´E Alotip Papua, E Indonesia 08°07´S 140°06´E Al Oued see El Oued Alpaugh California, W USA 35°52´N 119°29´W Alpen see Alps Alpena Michigan, N USA 45°04´N 83°27´W Alpes see Alps

103 S14 Alpes-de-Haute-Provence r department SE France 103 U14 Alpes-Maritimes r department SE France 181 W8 Alpha Queensland, E Australia 23°40´S 146°38´E 197 R9 Alpha Cordillera var. Alpha Ridge. undersea feature Arctic Ocean 85°30´N 125°00´W Alpha Ridge see Alpha Cordillera Alpheius see Alfeiós 99 I15 Alphen Noord-Brabant, S Netherlands 51°29´N 04°57´E Alphen see Alphen aan den Rijn 98 H11 Alphen aan den Rijn var. Alphen. Zuid-Holland, C Netherlands 52°08´N 04°40´E Alpheus see Alfeiós Alpi see Alps 104 G10 Alpiarça Santarém, C Portugal 39°15´N 08°35´W 24 K10 Alpine Texas, SW USA 108 F8 108 D11 141 W8 75 P8 139 V10

140 K4 139 O1 138 I6 142 K11 141 N7 75 V10 138 J5

141 S6

216

30°22´N 103°40´W Alpnach Unterwalden, W Switzerland 46°56´N 08°17´E Alps Fr. Alpes, Ger. Alpen, It. Alpi. m C Europe Al Qābil var. Qabil. N Oman 23°55´N 55°50´E Al Qaḑārif see Gedaref Al Qaddāḩīyah N Libya 31°21´N 15°16´E Al Qādisīyah off. Muḩāfaᶎat al Qādisīyah, var. Ad Dīwānīyah. r governorate S Iraq Al Qāhirah see Cairo Al Qalībah Tabūk, NW Saudi Arabia 28°29´N 37°40´E Al Qāmishlī var. Kamishli, Qamishly. Al Ḩasakah, NE Syria 37°N 41°E Al Qaryatayn var. Qaryatayn, Fr. Qariateïne. Ḩimş, C Syria 34°13´N 37°13´E Al Qash‘ānīyah var. Al-Kashaniya. NE Kuwait 29°59´N 47°42´E Al Qaşīm var. Minţaqat Qaşīm, Qassim. r province C Saudi Arabia Al Qaşr var. Al Qaşr var. El Qaṣr. C Egypt 25°43´N 28°54´E Al Qaşr Ḩimş, C Syria 35°06´N 37°39´E Al Qaşr see Al Qaşr Al Qaşrayn see Kasserine Al Qaţīf Ash Sharqīyah, NE Saudi Arabia 26°27´N 50°01´E

138 G11 Al Qaţrānah var. El Qatrani, Qatrana. Al Karak, W Jordan 31°14´N 36°03´E 75 P11 Al Qaţrūn SW Libya 24°57´N 14°40´E Al Qayrawān see Kairouan Al-Qsar al-Kbir see Ksar-el-Kebir Al Qubayyāt see Qoubaïyât

Al Quds/Al Quds ash Sharīf see Jerusalem 104 H12 Alqueva, Barragem do d Portugal/Spain 138 G8 Al Qunayţirah var. El Kuneitra, El Quneitra, Kuneitra, Qunaytra. Al Qunayţirah, SW Syria

162 D6 Altay var. Chihertey. Bayan-Ölgiy, W Mongolia 162 G8 162 E8

122 J14

33°08´N 35°49´E

138 G8 Al Qunayţirah off. Muḩāfaat al Qunayţirah, var. El Q’unayţirah, Qunaytirah, Fr. Kuneitra. r governorate SW Syria 140 M11 Al Qunfudhah Makkah, SW Saudi Arabia 19°19´N 41°03´E

Al Qurayyāt Al Jawf, NW Saudi Arabia

140 K2

31°25´N 37°26´E

139 Y11 Al Qurnah var. Kurna. Al Başrah, SE Iraq 31°01´N 47°27´E 75 Y10 Al Quşayr var. Al Quşayr var. Qusair, Quseir. E Egypt

123 I13 101 L20 108 G8 105 T11 100 L10 101 M16

26°05´N 34°16´E

139 V12 Al Quşayr Al Muthanná, S Iraq 30°36´N 45°52´E 138 I6 Al Quşayr var. El Quseir, Quşayr, Fr. Kousseir. Ḩimş, W Syria 34°36´N 36°36´E Al Quşayr see Al Quşayr 138 H7 Al Quţayfah var. Quţayfah, Qutayfe, Quteife, Fr. Kouteifé. Rīf Dimashq, W Syria 33°44´N 36°33´E

141 P8 138 F14

95 G24 103 U5 11 R16

101 C16

Al Quwayīyah Ar Riyāḑ, C Saudi Arabia 24°06´N 45°18´E Al Quwayr see Guwēr Al Quwayrah var. El Quweira. Al ’Aqabah, SW Jordan 29°47´E 35°18´E Al Rayyan see Ar Rayyān Al Ruweis see Ar Ruways Als Ger. Alsen. island SW Denmark Alsace Ger. Elsass; anc. Alsatia. r region NE France Alsask Saskatchewan, S Canada 51°24´N 109°55´W Alsasua see Altsasu Alsatia see Alsace Alsdorf NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 50°52´N 06°09´E

10 G8 Alsek j Canada/USA Alsen see Als 101 F19 Alsenz j W Germany 101 H17 Alsfeld Hessen, C Germany 50°45´N 09°14´E

119 K20 Al’shany Rus. Ol’shany. Brestskaya Voblasts’, SW Belarus 52°05´N 27°21´E Alsókubin see Dolný Kubín 118 C9 Alsunga W Latvia 92 K9 29 T12 108 I7 92 K9 92 J8 62 K10 42 K11 54 H4

56°59´N 21°31´E Alt see Olt Alta Fin. Alattio. Finnmark, N Norway 69°58´N 23°17´E Alta Iowa, C USA 42°40´N 95°17´W Altach Vorarlberg, W Austria 47°22´N 09°39´E Altaelva Lapp. Álaheaieatnu. j N Norway Altafjorden fjord NE Norwegian Sea Alta Gracia Córdoba, C Argentina 31°42´S 64°25´W Alta Gracia Rivas, SW Nicaragua 11°35´N 85°38´W Altagracia Zulia, NW Venezuela 10°44´N 71°30´W

54 M5 Altagracia de Orituco Guárico, N Venezuela 129 T7 23 V6 58 J13 54 D12 42 M13 41 Q11 30 L15 27 Q7 32 H16 20 K10 23 X11 107 O17 40 H9

163 Q7

163 N9

162 D5 40 F3 40 D2

105 Q8 40 H9 42 D4

09°54´N 66°24´W Altai see Altai Mountains Altai Mountains var. Altai, Chin. Altay Shan, Rus. Altay. m Asia/Europe Altamaha River j Georgia, SE USA Altamira Pará, NE Brazil 03°13´S 52°15´W Altamira Huila, S Colombia 02°04´N 75°47´W Altamira Alajuela, N Costa Rica 10°25´N 84°21´W Altamira Tamaulipas, C Mexico 22°25´N 97°55´W Altamont Illinois, N USA 39°03´N 88°45´W Altamont Kansas, C USA 37°11´N 95°18´W Altamont Oregon, NW USA 42°12´N 121°44´W Altamont Tennessee, S USA 35°28´N 85°42´W Altamonte Springs Florida, SE USA 28°39´N 81°22´W Altamura anc. Lupatia. Puglia, SE Italy 40°50´N 16°33´E Altamura, Isla island C Mexico Altan see Erdenehayrhan Altanbulag see Bayanhayrhan Altan Emel var. Xin Barag Youqi. Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China 48°37´N 116°40´E Altan-Ovoo see Tsenher Altanshiree var. Chamdmanĩ. Dornigovĩ, SE Mongolia 45°36´N 110°30´E Altanteel see Dzereg Altantsögts var. Tsagaantüngi. Bayan-Ölgiy, NW Mongolia 49°06´N 90°26´E Altar Sonora, NW Mexico 30°41´N 111°53´W Altar, Desierto de var. Sonoran Desert. desert Mexico/USA see also Sonoran Desert Altar, Desierto de see Sonoran Desert Alta, Sierra l N Spain 40°29´N 01°36´W Altata Sinaloa, C Mexico 24°40´N 107°54´W Alta Verapaz off. Departamento de Alta Verapaz. r department C Guatemala

Alta Verapaz, Departamento de see Alta Verapaz 107 L18 Altavilla Silentia Campania, S Italy 40°32´N 15°06´E 21 T7 Altavista Virginia, NE USA 158 L2

37°06´N 79°17´W Altay Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 47°51´N 88°06´E

Country Country Capital

100 P12 104 H10 92 I10 27 V12 109 T9 114 H7

48°10´N 89°35´E Altay prev. Yösönbulag. Govĭ-Altay, W Mongolia 46°23´N 96°17´E Altay var. Bor-Üdzüür. Hovd, W Mongolia 45°46´N 92°13´E Altay see Altai Mountains, Asia/Europe Altay see Bayantes, Mongolia Altay, Respublika var. Gornyy Altay; prev. GornoAltayskaya Respublika. r autonomous republic S Russian Federation Altay Shan see Altai Mountains Altayskiy Kray r territory S Russian Federation Altbetsche see Bečej Altdorf Bayern, SE Germany 49°23´N 11°22´E Altdorf var. Altorf. Uri, C Switzerland 46°53´N 08°38´E Altea Valenciana, E Spain 38°37´N 00°03´W Alte Elde j N Germany Altenburg Thüringen, E Germany 50°59´N 12°27´E Altenburg see Bucureşti, Romania Altenburg see Baia de Criş, Romania Alte Oder j NE Germany Alter do Chão Portalegre, C Portugal 39°12´N 07°40´W Altevatnet Lapp. Álttesjávri. c N Norway Altheimer Arkansas, C USA 34°19´N 91°51´W Althofen Kärnten, S Austria 46°52´N 14°27´E Altimir Vratsa, NW Bulgaria 43°33´N 23°48´E

136 K11 Altınkaya Barajī d N Turkey Altin Köprü see Āltūn Kūbrī 136 E13 Altıntaş Kütahya, W Turkey 57 K18 103 U7 100 L12

25 W8 104 H11 59 I19 58 L12 83 O15 30 K15 27 W8 11 X17 18 E14 30 J6 62 N3

59 L17 62 P6

59 L15 56 H13 63 H19

41 Q13 101 N23

105 P3

39°05´N 30°07´E Altiplano physical region W South America Altkanischa see Kanjiža Altkirch Haut-Rhin, NE France 47°37´N 07°14´E Altlublau see Stará L’ubovňa Altmark cultural region N Germany Altmoldowa see Moldova Veche Alto Texas, SW USA 31°39´N 95°04´W Alto Alentejo physical region S Portugal Alto Araguaia Mato Grosso, C Brazil 17°19´S 53°10´W Alto Bonito Pará, NE Brazil 01°48´S 46°18´W Alto Molócuè Zambézia, NE Mozambique 15°38´S 37°42´E Alton Illinois, N USA 38°53´N 90°10´W Alton Missouri, C USA 36°41´N 91°25´W Altona Manitoba, S Canada 49°06´N 94°35´W Altoona Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°32´N 78°23´W Altoona Wisconsin, N USA 44°49´N 91°22´W Alto Paraguay off. Departamento del Alto Paraguay. r department N Paraguay

Alto Paraguay, Departamento del see Alto Paraguay Alto Paraíso de Goiás Goiás, S Brazil 14°04´S 47°15´W Alto Paraná off. Departamento del Alto Paraná. r department E Paraguay Alto Paraná see Paraná Alto Paraná, Departamento del see Alto Paraná Alto Parnaíba Maranhão, E Brazil 09°08´S 45°56´W Alto Purús, Río j E Peru Altorf see Altdorf Alto Río Senguer var. Alto Río Senguerr. Chubut, S Argentina 45°01´S 70°55´W Alto Río Senguerr see Alto Río Senguer Altotonga Veracruz-Llave, E Mexico 19°46´N 97°14´W Altötting Bayern, SE Germany 48°12´N 12°37´E Altpasua see Stara Pazova Altraga see Bayandzürh Altsasu Cast. Alsasua. Navarra, N Spain 42°54´N 02°10´W

108 I7

42 G1 139 T4 158 D8 158 L9 35 P2 26 K12 26 K11

139 O6 141 T9 141 T9

141 T7 118 J8 140 K6

Alt-Schwanenburg see Gulbene Altsohl see Zvolen Altstätten Sankt Gallen, NE Switzerland 47°22´N 09°33´E Álttesjávri see Altevatnet Altun Ha ruins Belize, N Belize Āltūn Kūbrî var. Altin Köprü. Kirkūk, N Iraq 35°28´N 44°26´E Altun Shan l C China 39°19´N 93°37´E Altun Shan var. Altyn Tagh. m NW China Alturas California, W USA 41°28´N 120°32´W Altus Oklahoma, C USA 34°39´N 99°21´W Altus Lake d Oklahoma, C USA Altvater see Praděd Altyn Tagh see Altun Shan Alu see Shortland Island al-‘Ubaila see Al ‘Ubaylah Al ‘Ubaydī Al Anbār, W Iraq 34°22´N 41°15´E Al ‘Ubaylah var. al-‘Ubaila. Ash Sharqīyah, E Saudi Arabia 22°02´N 50°57´E Al ‘Ubaylah spring/well E Saudi Arabia 22°02´N 50°56´E Al Ubayyiḑ see El Obeid Al ‘Udayd var. Al Odaid. Abū aby, W United Arab Emirates 24°34´N 51°27´E Alūksne Ger. Marienburg. NE Latvia 57°26´N 27°02´E Al ‘Ulā Al Madīnah, NW Saudi Arabia 26°39´N 37°55´E

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

173 N4 Alula-Fartak Trench var. Illaue Fartak Trench. undersea feature W Indian Ocean 138 I11 31 S13 63 H15 95 O14 117 T14 75 P8

168 J9 141 V10 139 Q7 117 T13 151 G22 75 N11 139 T6 26 L8 104 H8 95 J18 14 F14 41 S14 25 T7 58 D13

14°04´N 51°47´E Al ‘Umarī ‘Ammān, E Jordan 37°30´N 31°30´E Alum Creek Lake d Ohio, N USA Aluminé Neuquén, C Argentina 39°15´S 71°00´W Alunda Uppsala, C Sweden 60°04´N 18°04´E Alupka Avtonomna Respublika Krym, S Ukraine 44°24´N 34°01´E Al ‘Uqaylah N Libya 30°13´N 19°12´E Al Uqşur see Luxor Al Urdunn see Jordan Alur Panal bay Sumatera, W Indonesia Alur Setar see Alor Setar Al ‘Urūq al Mu‘tariḑah salt lake SE Saudi Arabia Ālūs Al Anbār, C Iraq 34°05´N 42°27´E Alushta Avtonomna Respublika Krym, S Ukraine 44°41´N 34°24´E Aluva var. Alwaye. Kerala, SW India 10°06´N 76°23´E see also Alwaye Al ‘Uwaynāt var. Al Awaynāt. SW Libya 25°47´N 10°34´E Al ‘Uaym var. Adhaim. Diyālá, E Iraq 34°12´N 44°31´E Alva Oklahoma, C USA 36°48´N 98°40´W Alva j N Portugal Älvängen Västra Götaland, S Sweden 57°56´N 12°09´E Alvanley Ontario, S Canada 44°33´N 81°05´W Alvarado Veracruz-Llave, E Mexico 18°47´N 95°45´W Alvarado Texas, SW USA 32°24´N 97°12´W Alvarães Amazonas, NW Brazil 03°13´S 64°53´W

40 G6 Álvaro Obregón, Presa d W Mexico 94 H10 Alvdal Hedmark, S Norway 62°07´N 10°39´E

94 K12 Älvdalen Dalarna, C Sweden 61°13´N 14°04´E

61 E15 Alvear Corrientes, NE Argentina 29°05´S 56°35´W 104 F10 Alverca do Ribatejo Lisboa, C Portugal 38°56´N 09°01´W 95 L20 Alvesta Kronoberg, S Sweden 25 94 25 93 92 142 140 143 138 152 141 155

138

115 119 119 101 33 122 99 105

181 81 9 95 165 171 38 164 164 95 54 107 115

154 171 59

62

56°52´N 14°34´E W12 Alvin Texas, SW USA 29°25´N 95°14´W O13 Älvkarleby Uppsala, C Sweden 60°34´N 17°30´E S5 Alvord Texas, SW USA 33°22´N 97°39´W G18 Älvros Jämtland, C Sweden 62°04´N 14°30´E J13 Älvsbyn Norrbotten, N Sweden 65°41´N 21°00´E K12 Al Wafrā’ SE Kuwait 28°38´N 47°57´E J6 Al Wajh Tabūk, NW Saudi Arabia 26°16´N 36°30´E N16 Al Wakrah var. Wakra. C Qatar 25°09´N 51°36´E M8 al Walaj, Sha‘īb dry watercourse W Iraq I11 Alwar Rājasthān, N India 27°32´N 76°35´E Q5 Al Warī‘ah Ash Sharqīyah, N Saudi Arabia 27°54´N 47°23´E G22 Alwaye var. Aluva. Kerala, SW India 10°06´N 76°23´E see also Aluva Alxa Zuoqi see Bayan Hot Alx Youqi see Ehen Hudag Al Yaman see Yemen G9 Al Yarmūk Irbid, N Jordan 32°41´N 35°55´E Alyat/Alyaty-Pristan’ see Älät I14 Alykí var. Aliki. Thásos, N Greece 40°36´N 24°45´E F14 Alytus Pol. Olita. Alytus, S Lithuania 54°24´N 24°02´E F15 Alytus r province S Lithuania N23 Alz j SE Germany Y11 Alzada Montana, NW USA 45°00´N 104°24´W L12 Alzamay Irkutskaya Oblast’, S Russian Federation 55°33´N 98°36´E M25 Alzette j S Luxembourg S10 Alzira var. Alcira ; anc. Saetabicula, Suero. Valenciana, E Spain 39°10´N 00°27´W Al Zubair see Az Zubayr O8 Amadeus, Lake seasonal lake Northern Territory, C Australia E15 Amadi Western Equatoria, SW South Sudan 05°32´N 30°20´E R7 Amadjuak Lake c Baffin Island, Nunavut, N Canada J23 Amager island E Denmark N14 Amagi-san l Honshū, S Japan 34°51´N 138°57´E S13 Amahai var. Masohi. Palau Seram, E Indonesia 03°19´S 128°56´E M16 Amak Island island Alaska, USA C15 Amakusa prev. Hondo. Kumamoto, Shimo-jima, SW Japan 32°28´N 130°12´E B14 Amakusa-nada gulf SW Japan J16 Åmål Västra Götaland, S Sweden 59°04´N 12°41´E E8 Amalfi Antioquia, N Colombia 06°54´N 75°04´W L18 Amalfi Campania, S Italy 40°37´N 14°35´E D19 Amaliáda var. Amaliás. Dytikí Elláda, S Greece 37°48´N 21°21´E Amaliás see Amaliáda F12 Amalner Mahārāshtra, C India 21°03´N 75°04´E W14 Amamapare Papua, E Indonesia 04°51´S 136°44´E H21 Amambaí, Serra de var. Cordillera de Amambay, Serra de Amambay. l Brazil/ Paraguay see also Amambay, Cordillera de P4 Amambay off. Departamento del Amambay. r department E Paraguay

62 P5

Amambay, Cordillera de var. Serra de Amambaí, Serra de Amambay. l Brazil/ Paraguay see also Amambaí, Serra de Amambay, Departamento del see Amambay

Administrative Regions International Airport

165 165 186

106 107 191 58 58

42

80

104 166

104 35 25 107 115

136 136 42 42 107 190 99 48 59 54 56 54

48 47 58 187 152 155 155 172 54 79 172 123 62 124 56 172 172 172 172 101

42 103 185 103 76 154 172 39

172

Amambay, Serra de see Amambaí, Serra de/ Amambay, Cordillera de U16 Amami-guntō island group SW Japan V15 Amami-Ō-shima island S Japan A5 Amanab West Sepik, NW Papua New Guinea 03°38´S 141°16´E Amãnat al ‘Ãşimah see Baghdād J13 Amandola Marche, C Italy 42°58´N 13°22´E N21 Amantea Calabria, SW Italy 39°06´N 16°05´E W10 Amanu island Îles Tuamotu, C French Polynesia J10 Amapá Amapá, NE Brazil 02°00´N 50°50´W J11 Amapá off. Estado de Amapá; prev. Território de Amapá. r state NE Brazil Amapá, Estado de see Amapá H8 Amapala Valle, S Honduras 13°16´N 87°39´W Amapá, Território de see Amapá J12 Āmara var. Amhara. r  N Ethiopia Amara see Al ‘Amārah ‘Amārah, Al see Maysān H6 Amarante Porto, N Portugal 41°16´N 08°05´W M5 Amarapura Mandalay, C Myanmar (Burma) 21°54´N 96°01´E Amardalay see Delgertsogt I12 Amareleja Beja, S Portugal 38°12´N 07°13´W V11 Amargosa Range m California, W USA N2 Amarillo Texas, SW USA 35°13´N 101°50´W Amarinthos see Amárynthos K15 Amaro, Monte l C Italy 42°03´N 14°06´E H18 Amárynthos var. Amarinthos. Évvoia, C Greece 38°24´N 23°53´E Amasia see Amasya K12 Amasya anc. Amasia. Amasya, N Turkey 40°37´N 35°50´E K11 Amasya r province N Turkey F4 Amatique, Bahía de bay Gulf of Honduras, W Caribbean Sea D6 Amatitlán, Lago de c S Guatemala J14 Amatrice Lazio, C Italy 42°38´N 13°19´E C8 Amatuku atoll C Tuvalu J20 Amay Liège, E Belgium 50°33´N 05°19´E F7 Amazon Sp. Amazonas. j Brazil/Peru C14 Amazonas off. Estado do Amazonas. r state N Brazil G15 Amazonas off. Comisaria del Amazonas. r province SE Colombia C10 Amazonas off. Departamento de Amazonas. r department N Peru M12 Amazonas off. Territorio Amazonas. r federal territory S Venezuela Amazonas see Amazon Amazonas, Comisaria del see Amazonas Amazonas, Departamento de see Amazonas Amazonas, Estado do see Amazonas Amazonas, Territorio see Amazonas F7 Amazon Basin basin N South America V5 Amazon Fan undersea feature W Atlantic Ocean 05°00´N 47°30´W K11 Amazon, Mouths of the delta NE Brazil R13 Ambae var. Aoba, Omba. island C Vanuatu I9 Ambāla Haryāna, NW India 30°19´N 76°49´E J26 Ambalangoda Southern Province, SW Sri Lanka 06°14´N 80°03´E K26 Ambalantota Southern Province, S Sri Lanka 06°07´N 81°01´E I6 Ambalavao Fianarantsoa, C Madagascar 21°50´S 46°56´E E10 Ambalema Tolima, C Colombia 04°49´N 74°48´W E17 Ambam Sud, S Cameroon 02°23´N 11°17´E J2 Ambanja Antsiraana, N Madagascar 13°40´S 48°27´E T6 Ambarchik Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 69°33´N 162°08´E K9 Ambargasta, Salinas de salt lake C Argentina J6 Ambarnyy Respublika Kareliya, NW Russian Federation 65°53´N 33°44´E C7 Ambato Tungurahua, C Ecuador 01°18´S 78°39´W I6 Ambato Finandrahana Fianarantsoa, SE Madagascar I5 Ambatolampy Antananarivo, C Madagascar 19°21´S 47°27´E H4 Ambatomainty Mahajanga, W Madagascar 17°40´S 45°39´E J4 Ambatondrazaka Toamasina, C Madagascar 17°49´S 48°28´E L20 Amberg var. Amberg in der Oberpfalz. Bayern, SE Germany 49°26´N 11°52´E Amberg in der Oberpfalz see Amberg H1 Ambergris Cay island NE Belize S11 Ambérieu-en-Bugey Ain, E France 45°57´N 05°21´E I18 Amberley Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand 43°09´S 172°43´E P11 Ambert Puy-de-Dôme, C France 45°33´N 03°45´E Ambianum see Amiens J11 Ambidédi Kayes, SW Mali 14°37´N 11°49´W M10 Ambikāpur Chhattīsgarh, C India 23°09´N 83°12´E J2 Ambilobe Antsiraana, N Madagascar 13°10´S 49°03´E O7 Ambler Alaska, USA 67°05´N 157°51´W Amblève see Amel Ambo see Hāgere Hiywet I8 Amboasary Toliara, S Madagascar 25°01´S 46°23´E

Mountain Mountain Range

172 J4

172 I5

Ambodifotatra var. Ambodifototra. Toamasina, E Madagascar 16°59´S 49°51´E Amboenten see Ambunten Ambohidratrimo Antananarivo, C Madagascar 18°48´S 47°26´E

172 I6

Ambohimahasoa Fianarantsoa, SE Madagascar

172 K3

Ambohitralanana Antsiraana, NE Madagascar

21°07´S 47°13´E 15°13´S 50°28´E

Amboina see Ambon 102 M8 Amboise Indre-et-Loire, C France 47°25´N 01°00´E 171 S13 Ambon prev. Amboina, Amboyna. Pulau Ambon, E Indonesia 03°41´S 128°10´E 171 S13 Ambon, Pulau island E Indonesia 81 I20 Amboseli, Lake c Kenya/ Tanzania 172 I6 Ambositra Fianarantsoa, SE Madagascar 20°31´S 47°15´E 172 I8 Ambovombe Toliara, S Madagascar 25°10´S 46°06´E 35 W14 Amboy California, W USA 34°33´N 115°44´W

30 L11 Amboy Illinois, N USA

18 B14 82 A11 187 R13 169 T16 186 B6 155 I20 38 E17 38 F17 141 R15 78 J10 171 U16 125 U1

78 L9 159 N14 40 K13 41 P14

139 R1 61 A20 99 M21 98 K4

107 H14 21 V6

41°42´N 89°19´W Amboyna see Ambon Ambracia see Árta Ambre, Cap d’ see Bobaomby, Tanjona Ambridge Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°33´N 80°11´W Ambrim see Ambrym Ambriz Bengo, NW Angola 07°55´S 13°11´E Ambrizete see N’Zeto Ambrym var. Ambrim. island C Vanuatu Ambunten prev. Amboenten. Pulau Madura, E Indonesia 06°55´S 113°45´E Ambunti East Sepik, NW Papua New Guinea 04°12´S 142°49´E Āmbūr Tamil Nādu, SE India 12°48´N 78°44´E Amchitka Island island Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA Amchitka Pass strait Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA ‘Amd C Yemen 15°10´N 47°58´E Am Dam Sila, E Chad 12°46´N 20°29´E Amdassa Pulau Yamdena, E Indonesia 07°40´S 131°24´E Amderma Nenetskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug, NW Russian Federation 69°45´N 61°36´E Am Djarass Ennedi-Est, NE Chad 17°14´N 21°32´E Amdo Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 32°15´N 91°43´E Ameca Jalisco, SW Mexico 20°34´N 104°03´W Amecameca var. Amecameca de Juárez. México, C Mexico 19°08´N 98°48´W Amecameca de Juárez see Amecameca Amêdî Ar. Al ‘Amādiyah. Dahūk, N Iraq 37°09´N 43°27´E Ameghino Buenos Aires, E Argentina 34°51´S 62°28´W Amel Fr. Amblève. Liège, E Belgium 50°20´N 06°13´E Ameland Fris. It Amelân. island Waddeneilanden, N Netherlands Amelân, It see Ameland Amelia Umbria, C Italy 42°33´N 12°26´E

Amelia Court House Virginia, NE USA 37°20´N 77°59´W

23 W8 Amelia Island island Florida, SE USA 18 L12 Amenia New York, NE USA 41°51´N 73°31´W America see United States of America

65 M21 America-Antarctica Ridge undersea feature S Atlantic Ocean America in Miniature see Maryland 60 L9 Americana São Paulo, S Brazil 22°44´S 47°19´W 33 Q15 American Falls Idaho, NW USA 42°47´N 112°51´W 33 Q15 American Falls Reservoir d Idaho, NW USA 36 L3 American Fork Utah, W USA 40°24´N 111°47´W 192 K16 American Samoa p US unincorporated territory W Polynesia 23 S6 Americus Georgia, SE USA 32°04´N 84°13´W

98 K12 Amerongen Utrecht, C Netherlands 52°00´N 05°30´E 98 K11 Amersfoort Utrecht, C Netherlands 52°09´N 05°23´E 97 N21 Amersham SE England, United Kingdom 30 I5 195 W6 29 V13 19 P10 115 F18

115 D17

114 H13 115 F18 123 Q10 123 Q11 163 R7 123 V5 123 S12 13 P15 18 M11

Volcano River

51°40´N 00°37´W Amery Wisconsin, N USA 45°18´N 92°20´W Amery Ice Shelf ice shelf Antarctica Ames Iowa, C USA 42°01´N 93°37´W Amesbury Massachusetts, NE USA 42°51´N 70°55´W Amestratus see Mistretta Amfíkleia var. Amfíklia. Stereá Elláda, C Greece 38°38´N 22°35´E Amfíklia see Amfíkleia Amfilochía var. Amfilokhía. Dytikí Elláda, C Greece 38°52´N 21°09´E Amfilokhía see Amfilochía Amfípoli anc. Amphipolis. site of ancient city Kentrikí Makedonía, NE Greece Ámfissa Stereá Elláda, C Greece 38°32´N 22°22´E Amga Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 60°55´N 131°45´E Amga j NE Russian Federation Amgalang var. Xin Barag Zuoqi. Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China 48°12´N 118°15´E Amguema j NE Russian Federation Amgun’ j SE Russian Federation Amhara see Āmara Amherst Nova Scotia, SE Canada 45°50´N 64°14´W Amherst Massachusetts, NE USA 42°22´N 72°31´W

Lake Reservoir

18 D10 Amherst New York, NE USA 42°57´N 78°47´W

24 M4 Amherst Texas, SW USA 33°59´N 102°24´W

21 U6 Amherst Virginia, NE USA 37°35´N 79°04´W

Amherst see Kyaikkami 14 C18 Amherstburg Ontario, S Canada 42°05´N 83°06´W 21 Q6 Amherstdale West Virginia, NE USA 37°46´N 81°46´W 14 K15 Amherst Island island Ontario, SE Canada Amida see Diyarbakır 28 J6 Amidon North Dakota, N USA 46°29´N 103°19´W 103 O3 Amiens anc. Ambianum, Samarobriva. Somme, N France 49°54´N 02°18´E 139 P8 ‘Āmij, Wādī var. Wadi ‘Amīq. dry watercourse W Iraq 136 L17 Amik Ovasī c S Turkey 76 E9 Amilcar Cabral k Sal, NE Cape Verde Amilḩayt, Wādī see Umm al Ḩayt, Wādī Amíndaion/Amindeo see Amýntaio 155 C21 Amīndīvi Islands island group Lakshadweep, India, N Indian Ocean 139 U6 Amīn Ḩabīb Diyālá, E Iraq 34°17´N 45°10´E

83 E20 Aminuis Omaheke, E Namibia 23°43´S 19°21´E ‘Amīq, Wadi see ‘Āmij, Wādī 142 J7 Amīrābād Īlām, NW Iran 33°20´N 46°16´E

Amirante Bank see Amirante Ridge 173 N6 Amirante Basin undersea feature W Indian Ocean 07°00´S 54°00´E

173 N6 Amirante Islands var. Amirantes Group. island group C Seychelles 173 N7 Amirante Ridge var. Amirante Bank. undersea feature W Indian Ocean

173 N7 11 U13

25 O12

22 K8

27 T12 154 H11 38 I17 97 I18 138 H10

138 H10

93 N14 92 H13 197 O15 101 K24 101 K24 98 J13

143 O4 115 K21 115 K22 23 N3 12 I13 95 G15 95 E15 95 J15 76 L10 172 H7 155 L25 172 J4 60 M9 172 J5 57 H17 101 L23 64 M9

167 X10

171 T16 105 U7 15 V7 141 O14

06°00´S 53°10´E Amirantes Group see Amirante Islands Amirante Trench undersea feature W Indian Ocean 08°00´S 52°30´E Amisk Lake c Saskatchewan, C Canada Amistad, Presa de la see Amistad Reservoir Amistad Reservoir var. Presa de la Amistad. d Mexico/USA Amisus see Samsun Amite var. Amite City. Louisiana, S USA 30°40´N 90°30´W Amite City see Amite Amity Arkansas, C USA 34°15´N 93°27´W Amla prev. Amulla. Madhya Pradesh, C India 21°53´N 78°10´E Amlia Island island Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA Amlwch NW Wales, United Kingdom 53°25´N 04°23´W Ammaia see Portalegre ‘Amman var. Amman; anc. Philadelphia, Bibl. Rabbah Ammon, Rabbath Ammon. a (Jordan) ‘Ammān, NW Jordan 31°57´N 35°56´E ‘Ammān off. Muḩāfazat ‘Ammān; prev. Al ’Aşimah. r governorate NW Jordan ‘Ammān, Muḩāfazat see ‘Ammān Ämmänsaari Kainuu, E Finland 64°51´N 28°58´E Ammarnäs Västerbotten, N Sweden 65°58´N 16°10´E Ammassalik var. Angmagssalik. Sermersooq, S Greenland 65°51´N 37°30´W Ammer j SE Germany Ammersee c SE Germany Ammerzoden Gelderland, C Netherlands 51°46´N 05°07´E Ammóchostos see Gazimağusa Ammóchostos, Kólpos see Gazimağusa Körfezi Amnok-kang see Yalu Amoea see Portalegre Amoentai see Amuntai Amoerang see Amurang Āmol var. Amul. Māzandarān, N Iran 36°31´N 52°24´E Amorgós Amorgós, Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea 36°49´N 25°54´E Amorgós island Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea Amory Mississippi, S USA 33°58´N 88°29´W Amos Québec, SE Canada 48°34´N 78°08´W Åmot Buskerud, S Norway 59°52´N 09°55´E Åmot Telemark, S Norway 59°34´N 07°59´E Åmotfors Värmland, C Sweden 59°46´N 12°24´E Amourj Hodh ech Chargui, SE Mauritania 16°04´N 07°12´W Amoy see Xiamen Ampanihy Toliara, SW Madagascar 24°40´S 44°45´E Ampara var. Amparai. Eastern Province, E Sri Lanka 07°17´N 81°41´E Amparafaravola Toamasina, E Madagascar 17°33´S 48°13´E Amparai see Ampara Amparo São Paulo, S Brazil 22°40´S 46°49´W Ampasimanolotra Toamasina, E Madagascar 18°49´S 49°04´E Ampato, Nevado l S Peru 15°52´S 71°51´W Amper j SE Germany Ampère Seamount undersea feature E Atlantic Ocean 35°05´N 13°00´W Amphipolis see Amfípoli Amphitrite Group Chin. Xuande Qundao, Viet. Nhom An Vinh. island group N Paracel Islands Amplawas var. Emplawas. Pulau Babar, E Indonesia 08°01´S 129°42´E Amposta Cataluña, NE Spain 40°43´N 00°34´E Amqui Québec, SE Canada 48°28´N 67°27´W ‘Amrān W Yemen 15°39´N 43°59´E Amraoti see Amrāvati

AmrāvAti – An tiúr 154 H12 Amrāvati prev. Amraoti. Mahārāshtra, C India

25 X11 Anahuac Texas, SW USA

154 C11

10°16´N 77°08´E Anaiza see ‘Unayzah 155 M15 Anakāpalle Andhra Pradesh, E India 17°42´N 83°06´E 191 W15 Anakena, Playa de beach Easter Island, Chile, E Pacific Ocean 39 Q7 Anaktuvuk Pass Alaska, USA 68°08´N 151°44´W

108 H6 138 H5 152 H7 152 J10 100 G7 93 I15 98 I10 98 I10 18 K10

20°56´N 77°45´E Amreli Gujarāt, W India 21°36´N 71°20´E Amriswil Thurgau, NE Switzerland 47°33´N 09°18´E ‘Amrīt ruins Tarţūs, W Syria Amritsar Punjab, N India 31°38´N 74°55´E Amroha Uttar Pradesh, N India 28°54´N 78°29´E Amrum island NW Germany Åmsele Västerbotten, N Sweden 64°31´N 19°24´E Amstelveen Noord-Holland, C Netherlands 52°18´N 04°50´E Amsterdam a (Netherlands) Noord-Holland, C Netherlands 52°22´N 04°54´E Amsterdam New York, NE USA 42°56´N 74°11´W

173 Q11 Amsterdam Fracture Zone tectonic feature S Indian Ocean 173 R11 Amsterdam Island island NE French Southern and Antarctic Territories 109 U4 Amstetten Niederösterreich, N Austria 48°08´N 14°52´E 78 J11 Am Timan Salamat, SE Chad 11°02´N 20°17´E

146 L12 Amu-Buxoro Kanali var. Aral-Bukhorskiy Kanal. canal C Uzbekistan 139 O1 ‘Āmūdah var. Amude. Al Ḩasakah, N Syria

37°06´N 40°56´E 147 O15 Amu Darya Rus. Amudar’ya, Taj. Dar’’yoi Amu, Turkm. Amyderya, Uzb. Amudaryo; anc. Oxus. j C Asia Amu-Dar’ya see Amyderýa

140 L3 38 J17 38 I17

197 S10 195 X3 195 P10 193 O14 195 Q9

Amudar’ya/Amudaryo/ Amu, Dar’’yoi see Amu Darya Amude see ‘Āmūdah ‘Amūd, Jabal al l NW Saudi Arabia 30°59´N 39°17´E Amukta Island island Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA Amukta Pass strait Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA Amul see Āmol Amulla see Amla Amundsen Basin var. Fram Basin. undersea basin Arctic Ocean Amundsen Bay bay Antarctica Amundsen Coast physical region Antarctica Amundsen Plain undersea feature S Pacific Ocean Amundsen-Scott US research station Antarctica 89°59´S 10°00´E

194 J11 Amundsen Sea sea S Pacific Ocean 94 M12 Amungen c C Sweden 169 U13 Amuntai prev. Amoentai. Borneo, C Indonesia

02°24´S 115°14´E 129 W6 Amur Chin. Heilong Jiang. j China/Russian Federation 171 Q11 Amurang prev. Amoerang. Sulawesi, C Indonesia 01°12´N 124°37´E 105 O3 Amurrio País Vasco, N Spain 43°03´N 03°00´W 123 S13 Amursk Khabarovskiy Kray, SE Russian Federation 50°13´N 136°34´E

123 Q12 Amurskaya Oblast’ r province SE Russian Federation 80 G7 ’Amur, Wadi j NE Sudan 115 C17 Amvrakikós Kólpos gulf W Greece Amvrosiyevka see Amvrosiyivka 117 X8 Amvrosiyivka Rus. Amvrosiyevka. Donets’ka Oblast’, SE Ukraine

47°46´N 38°30´E 146 M14 Amyderýa Rus. AmuDar’ya. Lebap Welaýaty, NE Turkmenistan 37°58´N 65°14´E Amyderya see Amu Darya 114 E13 Amýntaio var. Amindeo; prev. Amíndaion. Dytikí Makedonía, N Greece 40°42´N 21°42´E 14 B6 Amyot Ontario, S Canada 48°28´N 84°58´W

191 U10 Anaa atoll Îles Tuamotu, C French Polynesia Anabanoea see Anabanua 171 N14 Anabanua prev. Anabanoea. Sulawesi, C Indonesia 189 R8 123 N8

55 O6 33 Q10 32 H7 26 M11 114 N12 104 G8

123 V6

123 V6

129 X4 123 W6 115 K22 107 J15 35 T15 10 L15 38 B8 41 O7

03°58´S 120°07´E Anabar NE Nauru 0°30´S 166°56´E Anabar j NE Russian Federation An Abhainn Mhór see Blackwater Anaco Anzoátegui, NE Venezuela 09°30´N 64°28´W Anaconda Montana, NW USA 46°09´N 112°56´W Anacortes Washington, NW USA 48°30´N 122°36´W Anadarko Oklahoma, C USA 35°04´N 98°16´W Ana Dere j NW Turkey Anadia Aveiro, N Portugal 40°26´N 08°27´W Anadolu Dağları see Doğu Karadeniz Dağları Anadyr’ Chukotskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug, NE Russian Federation 64°41´N 177°22´E Anadyr’ j NE Russian Federation Anadyr, Gulf of see Anadyrskiy Zaliv Anadyrskiy Khrebet var. Chukot Range. m NE Russian Federation Anadyrskiy Zaliv Eng. Gulf of Anadyr. gulf NE Russian Federation Anáfi anc. Anaphe. island Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea Anagni Lazio, C Italy 41°43´N 13°12´E ‘Ānah see ‘Annah Anaheim California, W USA 33°50´N 117°54´W Anahim Lake British Columbia, SW Canada 52°26´N 125°13´W Anahola Kaua‘i, Hawai‘i, USA, C Pacific Ocean 22°09´N 159°19´W Anáhuac Nuevo León, NE Mexico 27°13´N 100°09´W

29°44´N 94°41´W

155 G22 Anai Mudi l S India

39 Q6 Anaktuvuk River j Alaska, USA 172 J3 Analalava Mahajanga, NW Madagascar 44 F6

169 N8 77 U17 29 N4 29 Y13

Andamans and Nicobars see Andaman and Nicobar Islands 173 T4 Andaman Sea sea NE Indian Ocean 57 K19 Andamarca Oruro, C Bolivia 182 H5 141 Y9 172 J3 149 R4

14°38´S 47°46´E

Ana Maria, Golfo de gulf N Caribbean Sea Anambas Islands see Anambas, Kepulauan Anambas, Kepulauan var. Anambas Islands. island group W Indonesia Anambra r state SE Nigeria Anamoose North Dakota, N USA 47°50´N 100°14´W Anamosa Iowa, C USA 42°06´N 91°17´W

136 H17 Anamur İçel, S Turkey 36°06´N 32°49´E

136 H17 Anamur Burnu headland S Turkey 36°03´N 32°49´E 154 O12 Ānandapur var. Anandpur. Odisha, E India

147 S13 109 Z5 108 I10 92 H9 99 J20 77 S11 99 G18 99 G21

21°14´N 86°10´E

Anandpur see Ānandapur 155 H18 Anantapur Andhra Pradesh, S India 14°41´N 77°36´E 152 H5 Anantnāg var. Islamabad. Jammu and Kashmir, NW India 33°44´N 75°11´E Ananyev see Anan’yiv 117 O9 Anan’yiv Rus. Ananyev. Odes’ka Oblast’, SW Ukraine 47°43´N 29°51´E

108 G9 101 E17

18°46´S 67°31´W Andamooka South Australia 30°26´S 137°12´E ‘Andām, Wādī seasonal river NE Oman Andapa Antsiraana, NE Madagascar 14°39´S 49°40´E Andarāb var. Banow. Baghlān, NE Afghanistan 35°36´N 69°18´E Andarbag see Andarbogh Andarbogh Rus. Andarbag, Anderbak. S Tajikistan 37°51´N 71°45´E Andau Burgenland, E Austria 47°47´N 17°02´E Andeer Graubünden, S Switzerland 46°36´N 09°24´E Andenes Nordland, C Norway 69°18´N 16°10´E Andenne Namur, SE Belgium 50°29´N 05°06´E Andéramboukane Gao, E Mali 15°24´N 03°03´E Anderbak see Andarbogh Anderlecht Brussels, C Belgium 50°50´N 04°18´E Anderlues Hainaut, S Belgium 50°24´N 04°16´E Andermatt Uri, C Switzerland 46°39´N 08°36´E Andernach anc. Antunnacum. RheinlandPfalz, SW Germany 50°26´N 07°24´E

188 D15 Andersen Air Force Base air base NE Guam13°34´N 144°55´E 39 R9 Anderson Alaska, USA 64°20´N 149°11´W

126 J14 Anapa Krasnodarskiy Kray, SW Russian Federation

35 N4 Anderson California, W USA

59 K18

27 R8

143 R10 143 P7 148 J7

23 X9 188 K7 128 M6 86 F14

44°55´N 37°20´E Anaphe see Anáfi Anápolis Goiás, C Brazil 16°19´S 48°58´W Anār Kermān, C Iran 30°49´N 55°18´E Anár see Inari Anārak Eşfahān, C Iran 33°21´N 53°43´E Anar Dara see Anār Darreh Anār Darreh var. Anar Dara. Farāh, W Afghanistan 32°45´N 61°38´E Anárjohka see Inarijoki Anastasia Island island Florida, SE USA Anatahan island C Northern Mariana Islands Anatolia plateau C Turkey Anatolian Plate tectonic feature Asia/Europe

114 H13 Anatolikí Makedonía kai Thráki Eng. Macedonia East and Thrace. r region NE Greece Anatom see Aneityum 62 L8 Añatuya Santiago del Estero, N Argentina 28°28´S 62°52´W

56 C13

102 J8

39 R11 39 R12 39 Q13

65 M24

23 U12 57 J17 57 D14 106 J12 82 Q13 63 F17 63 G17 163 V8 57 G16 153 R15 94 E9 104 K13 23 P7 151 Q21

173 T4 151 P19

95 K20 54 D9 47 P7 29 P12 92 H9 155 H16 98 J8 147 S10 147 S10

An Baile Meánach see Ballymena Anbār, Muḩāfaᶎat al see Al Anbār An Bhearú see Barrow An Bhóinn see Boyne An Blascaod Mór see Great Blasket Island An Cabhán see Cavan An Caisleán Nua see Newcastle An Caisleán Riabhach see Castlerea, Ireland An Caisleán Riabhach see Castlereagh Ancash off. Departamento de Ancash. r department W Peru Ancash, Departamento de see Ancash An Cathair see Caher Ancenis Loire-Atlantique, NW France 47°23´N 01°10´W An Chanáil Ríoga see Royal Canal An Cheacha see Caha Mountains Anchorage Alaska, USA 61°13´N 149°52´W Anchorage k Alaska, USA 61°08´N 150°00´W Anchor Point Alaska, USA 59°46´N 151°49´W An Chorr Chríochach see Cookstown Anchorstock Point headland W Tristan da Cunha 37°07´S 12°21´W An Clár see Clare An Clochán see Clifden An Clochán Liath see Dunglow Anclote Keys island group Florida, SE USA An Cóbh see Cobh Ancohuma, Nevado de l W Bolivia 15°51´S 68°33´W An Comar see Comber Ancón Lima, W Peru 11°45´S 77°08´W Ancona Marche, C Italy 43°38´N 13°30´E Ancuabe see Ancuabi Ancuabi var. Ancuabe. Cabo Delgado, NE Mozambique 13°00´S 39°50´E Ancud prev. San Carlos de Ancud. Los Lagos, S Chile 41°53´S 73°50´W Ancud, Golfo de gulf S Chile Ancyra see Ankara Anda Heilongjiang, NE China 46°25´N 125°20´E Andahuaylas Apurímac, S Peru 13°39´S 73°24´W An Daingean see Dingle Andāl West Bengal, NE India 23°35´N 87°14´E Åndalsnes Møre og Romsdal, S Norway 62°33´N 07°42´E Andalucía Eng. Andalusia. r autonomous community S Spain Andalusia Alabama, S USA 31°18´N 86°29´W Andalusia see Andalucía Andaman and Nicobar Islands var. Andamans and Nicobars. r union territory India, NE Indian Ocean Andaman Basin undersea feature NE Indian Ocean 10°00´N 94°00´E Andaman Islands island group India, NE Indian Ocean

Country Country Capital

25 V10

172 J4 142 L8

136 L16 158 J8

149 N2 105 Q2 163 Y15 109 R4 105 S7 105 V4

105 V4

39°35´N 02°25´E

39 N10 Andreafsky River j Alaska, USA 38 H17 Andreanof Islands island group Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA 124 H16 Andreapol’ Tverskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 56°38´N 32°17´E

173 N5

107 N17 113 K16

24°40´N 77°47´W

155 D21 Āndrott Island island Lakshadweep, India, N Indian Ocean 117 N5 Andrushivka Zhytomyrs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 50°01´N 29°02´E

111 K17 Andrychów Małopolskie, S Poland 49°51´N 19°18´E Andryu, Gora see Andrew Tablemount 92 I10 Andselv Troms, N Norway 79 O17 105 N13 82 C12 103 Q14

95 L19

45 U8

37°42´N 97°08´W

24 M7

52°41´N 49°34´E

44 G3 Andros Town Andros Island, NW The Bahamas

40°06´N 85°40´W Anderson Missouri, C USA 36°39´N 94°26´W Anderson South Carolina, SE USA 34°30´N 82°39´W Anderson Texas, SW USA 30°29´N 96°00´W Anderstorp Jönköping, S Sweden 57°17´N 13°38´E Andes Antioquia, W Colombia 05°40´N 75°56´W Andes m W South America Andes, Lake c South Dakota, N USA Andfjorden fjord E Norwegian Sea Andhra Pradesh r state E India Andijk Noord-Holland, NW Netherlands 52°38´N 05°00´E Andijon Rus. Andizhan. Andijon Viloyati, E Uzbekistan 40°46´N 72°19´E Andijon Viloyati Rus. Andizhanskaya Oblast’. r province E Uzbekistan Andikíthira see Antikýthira Andilamena Toamasina, C Madagascar 17°00´S 48°35´E Andīmeshk var. Andimishk; prev. Salehābād. Khūzestān, SW Iran 32°30´N 48°26´E Andimishk see Andīmeshk Andipáros see Antíparos Andipaxi see Antípaxoi Andípsara see Antípsara Andırın Kahramanmaraş, S Turkey 37°33´N 36°18´E Andirlangar Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 37°38´N 83°40´E Andírrion see Antírrio Ándissa see Ántissa Andizhan see Andijon Andizhanskaya Oblast’ see Andijon Viloyati Andkhvōy prev. Andkhvoy. Fāryāb, N Afghanistan 36°56´N 65°08´E Andoain País Vasco, N Spain 43°13´N 02°02´W Andong Jap. Antō. E South Korea 36°34´N 128°44´E Andorf Oberösterreich, N Austria 48°22´N 13°33´E Andorra Aragón, NE Spain 40°59´N 00°27´W Andorra off. Principality of Andorra, Cat. Valls d’Andorra, Fr. Vallée d’Andorre. b monarchy SW Europe Andorra see Andorra la Vella Andorra la Vella var. Andorra, Fr. Andorre la Vielle, Sp. Andorra la Vieja. a (Andorra) C Andorra 42°30´N 01°30´E Andorra la Vieja see Andorra la Vella Andorra, Principality of see Andorra

92 G10 Andøya island C Norway 60 I8 Andradina São Paulo, S Brazil 20°54´S 51°19´W 105 X9 Andratx Mallorca, Spain, W Mediterranean Sea

21 T13

19 O7 Androscoggin River j Maine/New Hampshire, NE USA 44 F3 Andros Island island NW The Bahamas 127 R7 Androsovka Samarskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation

77 Q9

Andorra, Valls d’/Andorra, Vallée d’ see Andorra Andorre la Vielle see Andorra la Vella 97 M22 Andover S England, United Kingdom 51°13´N 01°28´W 27 N6 Andover Kansas, C USA

21 N10

37°49´N 24°54´E 115 J20 Ándros island Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea

40°26´N 122°21´W

31 P13 Anderson Indiana, N USA

21 P11

115 E20 Andrítsaina Pelopónnisos, S Greece 37°29´N 21°52´E An Droichead Nua see Newbridge Andropov see Rybinsk 115 J19 Ándros Ándros, Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea

Andreas, Cape see Zafer Burnu Andreevka see Kabanbay Andrews North Carolina, SE USA 35°19´N 84°01´W Andrews South Carolina, SE USA 33°27´N 79°33´W Andrews Texas, SW USA 32°19´N 102°34´W Andrew Tablemount var. Gora Andryu. undersea feature W Indian Ocean 06°45´N 50°30´E Andreyevka see Kabanbay Andria Puglia, SE Italy 41°13´N 16°17´E Andrijevica E Montenegro 42°45´N 19°45´E

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

61 B25 45 U9 77 R17 197 D17 117 N10 186 F7 105 U4 146 F13

77 Y8 122 L12 122 M13

93 G17

69°05´N 18°30´E Andudu Orientale, NE Dem. Rep. Congo 02°26´N 28°39´E Andújar anc. Illiturgis. Andalucía, SW Spain 38°02´N 04°03´W Andulo Bié, W Angola 11°29´S 16°43´E Anduze Gard, S France 44°03´N 03°59´E An Earagail see Errigal Mountain Aneby Jönköping, S Sweden 57°50´N 14°45´E Anécho see Aného Anéfis Kidal, NE Mali 18°05´N 00°38´E Anegada island NE British Virgin Islands Anegada, Bahía bay E Argentina Anegada Passage passage Anguilla/British Virgin Islands Aného var. Anécho; prev. Petit-Popo. S Togo 06°14´N 01°36´E Aneityum var. Anatom; prev. Kéamu. island S Vanuatu Anenii Noi Rus. Novyye Aneny. C Moldova 46°52´N 29°10´E Anepmete New Britain, E Papua New Guinea 05°47´S 148°37´E Aneto l NE Spain 42°36´N 00°37´E Änew Rus. Annau. Ahal Welaýaty, C Turkmenistan 37°51´N 58°22´E Ānewetak see Enewetak Atoll Aney Agadez, NE Niger 19°22´N 13°00´E An Fheoir see Nore Angara j C Russian Federation Angarsk Irkutskaya Oblast’, S Russian Federation 52°31´N 103°55´E Angaur see Ngeaur Ånge Västernorrland, C Sweden 62°31´N 15°40´E Angel see Úhlava

40 D4 Ángel de la Guarda, Isla island NW Mexico 171 O3 Angeles off. Angeles City. Luzon, N Philippines

95 J22 61 A17 25 W8 55 Q9 95 M15 35 P8 109 W7

15°16´N 120°37´E Angeles City see Angeles Angel Falls see Ángel, Salto Ängelholm Skåne, S Sweden 56°14´N 12°52´E Angélica Santa Fe, C Argentina 31°33´S 61°33´W Angelina River j Texas, SW USA Ángel, Salto Eng. Angel Falls. waterfall E Venezuela Ängelsberg Västmanland, C Sweden 59°57´N 16°01´E Angels Camp California, W USA 38°03´N 120°31´W Anger Steiermark, SE Austria 47°16´N 15°41´E Angerapp see Ozersk Angerburg see Węgorzewo

93 H15 Ångermanälven j N Sweden 100 P11 Angermünde Brandenburg, NE Germany 53°02´N 13°59´E 102 K7 Angers anc. Juliomagus. Maine-et-Loire, NW France 15 93 114 167 185 97 97 102 25 14

167 79 83 63 31 82

65

47°30´N 00°33´W W7 Angers j Québec, SE Canada J16 Ängesön island N Sweden Angistro see Ágkistro H13 Angítis j NE Greece R13 Ângk Tasaôm prev. Angtassom. Takêv, S Cambodia C25 Anglem, Mount l Stewart Island, Southland, SW New Zealand 46°44´S 167°56´E I18 Anglesey cultural region NW Wales, United Kingdom I18 Anglesey island NW Wales, United Kingdom I15 Anglet Pyrénées-Atlantiques, SW France 43°29´N 01°30´W W12 Angleton Texas, SW USA 29°10´N 95°27´W Anglia see England H9 Angliers Québec, SE Canada 47°33´N 79°17´W Anglo-Egyptian Sudan see Sudan Angmagssalik see Ammassalik Q7 Ang Nam Ngum c C Laos N16 Ango Orientale, N Dem. Rep. Congo 04°01´N 25°52´E Q15 Angoche Nampula, E Mozambique 16°10´S 39°58´E G14 Angol Araucanía, C Chile 37°47´S 72°45´W Q11 Angola Indiana, N USA 41°37´N 85°00´W A9 Angola off. Republic of Angola; prev. People’s Republic of Angola, Portuguese West Africa. b republic SW Africa P15 Angola Basin undersea feature E Atlantic Ocean 15°00´S 03°00´E

Angola, People’s Republic of see Angola Angola, Republic of see Angola

Administrative Regions International Airport

39 X13 Angoon Admiralty Island, Alaska, USA 57°33´N 134°30´W 147 O14 Angor Surkhondaryo Viloyati, S Uzbekistan

37°30´N 67°06´E Angora see Ankara Angoram East Sepik, NW Papua New Guinea 04°04´S 144°04´E 40 H8 Angostura Sinaloa, C Mexico 25°18´N 108°10´W Angostura see Ciudad Bolívar

186 C6

41 U17 Angostura, Presa de la d SE Mexico 28 J11 Angostura Reservoir d South Dakota, N USA 102 L11 Angoulême anc. Iculisma. Charente, W France 45°39´N 00°10´E

102 K11 Angoumois cultural region W France 64 O2 Angra do Heroísmo Terceira, Azores, Portugal, NE Atlantic Ocean 38°40´N 27°14´W

60 O10 Angra dos Reis Rio de Janeiro, SE Brazil 22°59´S 44°17´W

79 M16 105 S5 45 U9 45 V9 44 F4 161 N1 79 O18 14 G14 96 J10 59 K19 99 I21 95 I21 160 M11 161 P8

39 39 189 189 115 77 77 102 127 14 37 37 37 116

29 123 187 93

14 149 164 102 172 163 98 172 160 136 136 95 172 172 29 167 100 80 77 79 99 160

41°05´N 70°18´E Angtassom see Ângk Tasaôm Ang Thong var. Angthong. Ang Thong, C Thailand 14°35´N 100°25´E Angthong see Ang Thong Angu Orientale, N Dem. Rep. Congo 03°38´N 24°14´E Angües Aragón, NE Spain 42°07´N 00°10´W Anguilla p UK dependent territory E West Indies Anguilla island E West Indies Anguilla Cays islets SW The Bahamas Angul see Anugul Anguli Nur c E China Angumu Orientale, E Dem. Rep. Congo 0°10´S 27°42´E Angus Ontario, S Canada 44°19´N 79°52´W Angus cultural region E Scotland, United Kingdom Anhangüera Goiás, S Brazil 18°12´S 48°19´W Anhée Namur, S Belgium 50°18´N 04°52´E Anholt island C Denmark Anhua var. Dongping. Hunan, S China 28°25´N 111°10´E Anhui var. Anhui Sheng, Anhwei, Wan. r province E China

AnhuiSheng/Anhwei Wan see Anhui O11 Aniak Alaska, USA 61°34´N 159°31´W O12 Aniak River j Alaska, USA An Iarmhí see Westmeath R8 Anibare E Nauru 0°31´S 166°56´E R8 Anibare Bay bay E Nauru, W Pacific Ocean Anicium see le Puy K22 Ánidro island Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea R15 Anié C Togo 07°48´N 01°12´E Q15 Anié j C Togo J16 Anie, Pic d’ l SW France 42°56´N 00°44´W Y7 Anikhovka Orenburgskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 51°27´N 60°17´E G9 Anima Nipissing Lake c Ontario, S Canada O16 Animas New Mexico, SW USA 31°55´N 108°49´W P16 Animas Peak l New Mexico, SW USA 31°34´N 108°46´W P16 Animas Valley valley New Mexico, SW USA F13 Anina Ger. Steierdorf, Hung. Stájerlakanina; prev. Ștaierdorf-Anina, SteierdorfAnina, Steyerlak-Anina. Caraș-Severin, SW Romania 45°05´N 21°51´E U14 Anita Iowa, C USA 41°27´N 94°45´W U14 Aniva, Mys headland Ostrov Sakhalin, SE Russian Federation 46°02´N 143°25´E S15 Aniwa island S Vanuatu M19 Anjalankoski Kymenlaakso, S Finland 60°39´N 26°54´E ‘Anjar see Aanjar Anjiangying see Luanping B8 Anjigami Lake c Ontario, S Canada N13 Anjīra Baluchistān, SW Pakistan 28°19´N 66°19´E K14 Anjō var. Anzyô. Aichi, Honshū, SW Japan 34°56´N 137°05´E J8 Anjou cultural region NW France Anjouan see Nzwani J4 Anjozorobe Antananarivo, C Madagascar 18°22´S 47°52´E W13 Anju W North Korea 39°36´N 125°44´E M5 Anjum Fris. Eanjum. Fryslân, N Netherlands 53°22´N 06°09´E G6 Ankaboa, Tanjona prev./Fr. Cap Saint-Vincent. headland W Madagascar 21°57´S 43°16´E L7 Ankang prev. Xing’an. Shaanxi, C China 32°45´N 109°00´E I12 Ankara prev. Angora; anc. Ancyra. a (Turkey) Ankara, C Turkey 39°55´N 32°50´E H12 Ankara r province C Turkey N19 Ankarsrum Kalmar, S Sweden 57°40´N 16°19´E H6 Ankazoabo Toliara, SW Madagascar 22°18´S 44°30´E I4 Ankazobe Antananarivo, C Madagascar 18°20´S 47°07´E V14 Ankeny Iowa, C USA 41°43´N 93°37´W V11 An Khê Gia Lai, C Vietnam 13°57´N 108°39´E O9 Anklam MecklenburgVorpommern, NE Germany 53°51´N 13°42´E K13 Ānkober Āmara, N Ethiopia 09°36´N 39°44´E O17 Ankobra j S Ghana N22 Ankoro Katanga, SE Dem. Rep. Congo 06°45´S 26°58´E L24 Anlier, Forêt d’ forest SE Belgium I13 Anlong var. Xin’an. Guizhou, S China 25°05´N 105°29´E An Longfort see Longford

Mountain Mountain Range

161 N8

14°16´N 104°08´E An Lorgain see Lurgan Anlu Hubei, C China 31°15´N 113°41´E An Mhí see Meath

An Mhuir Cheilteach see Celtic Sea An Muileann gCearr see Mullingar 93 F16 Ånn Jämtland, C Sweden

63°19´N 12°34´E 126 M8 Anna Voronezhskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 51°31´N 40°23´E 30 L17 Anna Illinois, N USA 37°27´N 89°15´W 25 U5 Anna Texas, SW USA 33°21´N 96°33´W 74 L5 Annaba prev. Bône. NE Algeria 36°55´N 07°47´E An Nabatīyah at Taḩtā see Nabatîyé

101 N17 Annaberg-Buchholz Sachsen, E Germany

50°35´N 13°01´E Annabichl k (Klagenfurt) Kärnten, S Austria 46°39´N 14°21´E 140 M5 An Nafūd desert NW Saudi Arabia 139 P6 ‘Annah var. ‘Ānah. Al Anbār, NW Iraq 34°50´N 42°00´E 139 P6 An Nāḩiyah Al Anbār, W Iraq 34°24´N 41°33´E 139 T10 An Najaf off. Muḩāfaᶎat an Najaf, var. Najaf. An Najaf, S Iraq 31°59´N 44°19´E 21 V5 Anna, Lake d Virginia, NE USA 97 F16 Annalee j N Ireland

109 T9

Angra Pequena see Lüderitz 147 Q10 Angren Toshkent Viloyati, E Uzbekistan 167 O10

167 R11 Ânlong Vêng Siĕmréab, NW Cambodia

Volcano River

Annamite Mountains var. annamsescordillera, Fr. Chaîne Annamitique, Lao. Phou Louang. m C Laos Annamitique, Chaîne see Annamite Mountains Annamses Cordillera see Annamite Mountains J14 Annan S Scotland, United Kingdom 55°N 03°20´W U8 Annandale Minnesota, N USA 45°15´N 94°07´W W4 Annandale Virginia, NE USA 38°48´N 77°10´W Q7 Anna Point headland N Nauru 0°30´S 166°56´E X3 Annapolis state capital Maryland, NE USA 38°59´N 76°30´W A10 Anna, Pulo island S Palau O10 Annapurṇa l C Nepal 28°30´N 83°50´E An Nāqūrah see En Nâqoûra R10 Ann Arbor Michigan, N USA 42°17´N 83°45´W An Nás see Naas W12 An Nāşirīyah var. Nasiriya. Dhī Qār, SE Iraq 31°04´N 46°17´E W11 An Naşr Dhī Qār, E Iraq 31°34´N 46°08´E Annau see Änew O13 An Nawfalīyah var. Al Nūwfalīyah. N Libya 30°46´N 17°48´E P10 Ann, Cape headland Massachusetts, NE USA 42°39´N 70°35´W I10 Annean, Lake c Western Australia Anneciacum see Annecy T11 Annecy anc. Anneciacum. Haute-Savoie, E France 45°53´N 06°09´E T11 Annecy, Lac d’ c E France T10 Annemasse Haute-Savoie, E France 46°10´N 06°13´E Z14 Annette Island island Alexander Archipelago, Alaska, USA An Nhon see Binh Ðinh An Nīl al Abyaḑ see White Nile An Nīl al Azraq see Blue Nile Q3 Anniston Alabama, S USA 33°39´N 85°49´W A19 Annobón island W Equatorial Guinea R12 Annonay Ardèche, E France 45°15´N 04°40´E K12 Annotto Bay C Jamaica 18°16´N 76°47´W R5 An Nu‘ayrīyah var. Narıya. Ash Sharqīyah, NE Saudi Arabia 27°30´N 48°30´E M9 Annuello Victoria, SE Australia 34°54´S 142°50´E Q10 An Nukhayb Al Anbār, S Iraq 32°02´N 42°15´E U9 An Nu‘mānīyah Wāsiţ, E Iraq 32°34´N 45°23´E Áno Arkhánai see Archánes J25 Anógeia var. Anogia, Anóyia. Kríti, Greece, E Mediterranean Sea 35°17´N 24°53´E Anogia see Anógeia V8 Anoka Minnesota, N USA 45°15´N 93°26´W An Ómaigh see Omagh I1 Anorontany, Tanjona Fr. Cap Saint-Sébastien. headland N Madagascar J5 Anosibe An’Ala Toamasina, E Madagascar 19°24´S 48°11´E Anóyia see Anógeia An Pointe see Warrenpoint P9 Anqing Anhui, E China 30°32´N 116°59´E Q5 Anqiu Shandong, E China 36°25´N 119°10´E An Ráth see Ráth Luirc An Ribhéar see Kenmare River An Ros see Rush K19 Ans Liège, E Belgium 50°39´N 05°32´E Anşāb see Nişāb W12 Ansas Papua, E Indonesia 01°44´S 135°52´E J20 Ansbach Bayern, SE Germany 49°18´N 10°36´E An Sciobairín see Skibbereen An Scoil see Skull An Seancheann see Old Head of Kinsale Y5 Anse-Bertrand Grande Terre, N Guadeloupe 16°28´N 61°31´W H17 Anse Boileau Mahé, NE Seychelles 04°43´S 55°29´E S11 Anse La Raye NW Saint Lucia 13°57´N 61°01´W D9 Anserma Caldas, W Colombia 05°15´N 75°47´W T4 Ansfelden Oberösterreich, N Austria 48°12´N 14°17´E U12 Anshan Liaoning, NE China 41°06´N 122°55´E

167 S9

97 29 21 189 21 188 153 31 139 139 121 19 180 103 103 103 39

23 79 103 44 141 182 139 139 115

29 172 172

161 161

99 171 101

45 172 45 54 109 163

Lake Reservoir

160 J12 Anshun Guizhou, S China 26°15´N 105°58´E

61 F17 Ansina Tacuarembó, C Uruguay 31°58´S 55°28´W 29 O15 Ansley Nebraska, C USA 25 P6

41°16´N 99°22´W

Anson Texas, SW USA 32°45´N 99°55´W

77 Q10 Ansongo Gao, E Mali 15°39´N 00°33´E

An Srath Bán see Strabane Ansted West Virginia, NE USA 38°08´N 81°06´W 171 Y13 Ansudu Papua, E Indonesia 21 R5

02°09´S 139°19´E

57 G15 Anta Cusco, S Peru 13°30´S 72°08´W

57 G16 Antabamba Apurímac, C Peru 14°23´S 72°54´W Antafalva see Kovačica 136 L17 Antakya anc. Antioch, Antiochia. Hatay, S Turkey 172 K3 136 F17 136 F17 136 F16 121 U10

136 F16 172 J5 172 I5

172 I4 172 J5

194-195 194 I5 61 J15 189 U16

104 M15

37 S5 26 M7 37 R16 182 D5 74 E8 103 U15 103 U15 13 Q11

102 K3 30 L6 13 Q15 64 P11 45 X10

45 W9 42 C6

41 P11

115 F19 115 G24 138 I7

115 M22 115 I22 36 L6 30 M10 102 I10 54 D8 54 E8

115 J21 115 B17 122 J8

192 L12 115 J18 15 N10 115 E18 115 K16

36°12´N 36°10´E Antalaha Antsiraana, NE Madagascar 14°53´S 50°16´E Antalya prev. Adalia; anc. Attaleia, Bibl. Attalia. Antalya, SW Turkey 36°53´N 30°42´E Antalya r province SW Turkey Antalya k Antalya, SW Turkey 36°53´N 30°45´E Antalya Basin undersea feature E Mediterranean Sea Antalya, Gulf of see Antalya Körfezi Antalya Körfezi var. Gulf of Adalia, Eng. Gulf of Antalya. gulf SW Turkey Antanambao Manampotsy Toamasina, E Madagascar 19°30´S 48°36´E Antananarivo prev. Tananarive. a (Madagascar) Antananarivo, C Madagascar 18°52´S 47°30´E Antananarivo r province C Madagascar Antananarivo k Antananarivo, C Madagascar 18°52´S 47°30´E An tAonach see Nenagh Antarctica continent Antarctic Peninsula peninsula Antarctica Antas, Rio das j S Brazil Ant Atoll atoll Caroline Islands, E Micronesia An Teampall Mór see Templemore Antep see Gaziantep Antequera anc. Anticaria, Antiquaria. Andalucía, S Spain 37°01´N 04°34´W Antequera see Oaxaca Antero Reservoir d Colorado, C USA Anthony Kansas, C USA 37°10´N 98°02´W Anthony New Mexico, SW USA 32°00´N 106°36´W Anthony, Lake salt lake South Australia Anti-Atlas m SW Morocco Antibes anc. Antipolis. Alpes-Maritimes, SE France 43°35´N 07°07´E Antibes, Cap d’ headland SE France 43°33´N 07°08´E Anticaria see Antequera Anticosti, Île d’ Eng. Anticosti Island. island Québec, E Canada Anticosti Island see Anticosti, Île d’ Antifer, Cap d’ headland N France 49°43´N 00°10´E Antigo Wisconsin, N USA 45°10´N 89°10´W Antigonish Nova Scotia, SE Canada 45°39´N 62°00´W Antigua Fuerteventura, Islas Canarias, NE Atlantic Ocean Antigua island S Antigua and Barbuda, Leeward Islands Antigua see Antigua Guatemala Antigua and Barbuda b commonwealth republic E West Indies Antigua Guatemala var. Antigua. Sacatepéquez, SW Guatemala 14°33´N 90°42´W Antiguo Morelos var. Antiguo-Morelos. Tamaulipas, C Mexico 22°35´N 99°08´W Antíkyras, Kólpos gulf C Greece Antikýthira var. Andikíthira. island S Greece Anti-Lebanon var. Jebel esh Sharqi, Ar. Al Jabal ash Sharqī, Fr. Anti-Liban. m Lebanon/ Syria Anti-Liban see Anti-Lebanon Antimácheia Kos, Dodekánisa, Greece 47°19´N 07°54´E Antímilos island Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea Antimony Utah, W USA 38°07´N 112°00´W An tInbhear Mór see Arklow Antioch Illinois, N USA 42°28´N 88°06´W Antioch see Antakya Antioche, Pertuis d’ inlet W France Antiochia see Antakya Antioquia Antioquia, C Colombia 06°36´N 75°53´W Antioquia off. Departamento de Antioquia. r province C Colombia Antioquia, Departamento de see Antioquia Antíparos var. Andipáros. island Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea Antípaxoi var. Andipaxi. island Iónia Nísiá, Greece, C Mediterranean Sea Antipayuta YamaloNenetskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug, N Russian Federation 69°08´N 76°43´E Antipodes Islands island group S New Zealand Antipolis see Antibes Antípsara var. Andípsara. island E Greece Antiquaria see Antequera Antique, Lac c Québec, SE Canada Antírrio var. Andírrion. Dytikí Elláda, C Greece 38°20´N 21°46´E Ántissa var. Ándissa. Lésvos, E Greece 39°15´N 26°00´E An tIúr see Newry

217

AntivAri – Arguut 56 C6 27 Q13 93 J14 62 G5 62 G6

62 I7 99 D20 43 S16 24 M5 37 T11 60 K12

Antivari see Bar Antizana l N Ecuador 0°29´S 78°08´W Antlers Oklahoma, C USA 34°15´N 95°38´W Antnäs Norrbotten, N Sweden 65°32´N 21°53´E Antō see Andong Antofagasta Antofagasta, N Chile 23°40´S 70°23´W Antofagasta off. Región de Antofagasta. r region N Chile Antofagasta, Región de see Antofagasta Antofalla, Salar de salt lake NW Argentina Antoing Hainaut, SW Belgium 50°34´N 03°26´E Antón Coclé, C Panama 08°23´N 80°15´W Anton Texas, SW USA 33°48´N 102°09´W Anton Chico New Mexico, SW USA 35°12´N 105°09´W Antonina Paraná, S Brazil 25°28´S 48°43´W

188 C16 Antonio B. Won Pat International k (Agana) C Guam 13°28´N 144°48´E 103 O5 Antony Hauts-de-Seine, N France 48°45´N 02°17´E Antratsit see Antratsyt 117 Y8 Antratsyt Rus. Antratsit. Luhans’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 48°07´N 39°05´E

97 G15 Antrim Ir. Aontroim. NE Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 54°43´N 06°13´W

97 G14 Antrim Ir. Aontroim. cultural region NE Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 97 G14 Antrim Mountains m NE Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 172 H5 Antsalova Mahajanga, W Madagascar 18°40´S 44°37´E Antserana see Antsiraana An tSionainn see Shannon 172 J2 Antsiraana var. Antserana; prev. Antsirane, Diégo-Suarez. Antsiraana, N Madagascar 12°19´S 49°17´E 172 J2 Antsiraana r province N Madagascar Antsirane see Antsiraana An tSiúir see Suir 118 I7 Antsla Ger. Anzen. Võrumaa, SE Estonia 172 63 169

99 99 154 152 154 155

194 39 39 38

159 182 161

57°52´N 26°33´E An tSláine see Slaney J3 Antsohihy Mahajanga, NW Madagascar 14°50´S 47°58´E G14 Antuco, Volcán i C Chile 37°29´S 71°25´W W10 Antu, Gunung l Borneo, N Indonesia 0°57´N 118°51´E An Tullach see Tullow An-tung see Dandong Antunnacum see Andernach Antwerp see Antwerpen G16 Antwerpen Eng. Antwerp, Fr. Anvers. Antwerpen, N Belgium 51°13´N 04°25´E H16 Antwerpen Eng. Antwerp. r province N Belgium An Uaimh see Navan N12 Anugul var. Angul. Odisha, E India 20°51´N 84°59´E F9 Anūpgarh Rājasthān, NW India 29°10´N 73°14´E K10 Anūppur Madhya Pradesh, C India 23°05´N 81°45´E K24 Anuradhapura North Central Province, C Sri Lanka 08°20´N 80°25´E Anvers see Antwerpen G4 Anvers Island island Antarctica N11 Anvik Alaska, USA 62°39´N 160°12´W N10 Anvik River j Alaska, USA F17 Anvil Peak l Semisopochnoi Island, Alaska, USA 51°59´N 179°36´E An Vinh, Nhom see Amphitrite Group P7 Anxi var. Yuanquan. Gansu, N China 40°32´N 95°50´E F8 Anxious Bay bay South Australia O5 Anyang Henan, C China 36°11´N 114°18´E

159 S11 A’nyêmaqên Shan m C China 118 H12 Anykščiai Utena, E Lithuania 55°30´N 25°34´E 161 P13 Anyuan var. Xinshan. Jiangxi, S China 25°10´N 115°25´E 123 T7 Anyuysk Chukotskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug, NE Russian Federation 68°22´N 161°33´E

Anyuyskiy Khrebet m NE Russian Federation 54 D8 Anzá Antioquia, C Colombia 123 T7

107 I16 55 O6

147 P12

165 X13 105 R3 167 O11

186 M9 166 M15

172 N8 172 N8

115 C15

191 Q7

06°18´N 75°54´W Anzen see Antsla Anzio Lazio, C Italy 41°28´N 12°38´E Anzoátegui off. Estado Anzoátegui. r state NE Venezuela Anzoátegui, Estado see Anzoátegui Anzob W Tajikistan 39°24´N 68°55´E Anzyô see Anjō Aoba see Ambae Aoga-shima island Izushotō, SE Japan Aohan Qi see Xinhui Aoiz Bas. Agoitz, var. Agoiz. Navarra, N Spain 42°47´N 01°23´W Ao Krung Thep var. Krung Thep Mahanakhon, Eng. Bangkok. a (Thailand) Bangkok, C Thailand 13°44´N 100°30´E Aola var. Tenaghau. Guadalcanal, C Solomon Islands 09°32´S 160°28´E Ao Luk Nua Krabi, SW Thailand 08°21´N 98°43´E

Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu see Macao Aomori Aomori, Honshū, C Japan 40°50´N 140°43´E Aomori off. Aomori-ken. r prefecture Honshū, C Japan Aomori-ken see Aomori Aontroim see Antrim Aóos var. Vijosa, Vijosë, Alb. Lumi i Vjosës. j Albania/ Greece see also Vjosës, Lumi i Aóos see Vjosës, Lumi i Aorai, Mont i Tahiti, W French Polynesia 17°36´S 149°29´W

218

185 E19 Aoraki prev. Aorangi, Mount Cook. l South Island, New Zealand 43°38´S 170°05´E 167 R13 Aôral, Phnum prev. Phnom Aural. l W Cambodia 12°01´N 104°10´E Aorangi see Aoraki

185 L15 Aorangi Mountains m North Island, New Zealand 184 H13 Aorere j South Island, New Zealand 106 A7 Aosta anc. Augusta Praetoria. Valle d’Aosta, NW Italy 45°43´N 07°20´E

77 O11 Aougoundou, Lac c S Mali 76 K9 Aoukâr var. Aouker. plateau C Mauritania 78 J13 Aouk, Bahr j Central African Republic/Chad Aouker see Aoukâr 74 B11 Aousard SE Western Sahara 164 H12 78 H5 26 M11 36 L14

22°42´N 14°22´W Aoya Tottori, Honshū, SW Japan 35°31´N 134°01´E Aoyang see Shanggao Aozou Tibesti, N Chad 22°01´N 17°11´E Apache Oklahoma, C USA 34°57´N 98°21´W Apache Junction Arizona, SW USA 33°25´N 111°33´W

Apache Mountains m Texas, SW USA 36 M16 Apache Peak l Arizona, SW USA 31°50´N 110°25´W 116 H10 Apahida Cluj, NW Romania 24 J9

46°49´N 23°45´E

Apalachee Bay bay Florida, SE USA 23 T3 Apalachee River j Georgia, SE USA 23 S10 Apalachicola Florida, SE USA 29°43´N 84°58´W 23 S10 Apalachicola Bay bay Florida, SE USA 23 R9 Apalachicola River j Florida, SE USA Apam see Apan Apamama see Abemama 41 P14 Apan var. Apam. Hidalgo, C Mexico 23 T9

19°48´N 98°25´W

Apanás, Lago de c NW Nicaragua 54 H14 Apaporis, Río j Brazil/ Colombia 185 C23 Aparima j South Island, New Zealand 171 O1 Aparri Luzon, N Philippines 42 J8

112 124 55 40

18°16´N 121°42´E J9 Apatin Vojvodina, NW Serbia 45°40´N 19°01´E J4 Apatity Murmanskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 67°34´N 33°26´E X9 Apatou NW French Guiana 05°10´N 54°22´W M14 Apatzingán var. Apatzingán de la Constitución. Michoacán, SW Mexico 19°05´N 102°20´W

Apatzingán de la Constitución see Apatzingán 171 X12 Apauwar Papua, E Indonesia 01°36´S 138°10´E Apaxtla see Apaxtla de Castrejón

41 O15 Apaxtla de Castrejón var. Apaxtla. Guerrero, S Mexico 118 98

57 55 21 79 152 192 60 170 187 41 41 137

104 55 115 101 192 182 57

18°06´N 99°55´W J7 Ape NE Latvia 57°32´N 26°42´E L11 Apeldoorn Gelderland, E Netherlands 52°13´N 05°57´E Apennines see Appennino Apenrade see Aabenraa L17 Apere, Río j C Bolivia W11 Apetina Sipaliwini, SE Suriname 03°30´N 55°03´W U9 Apex North Carolina, SE USA 35°43´N 78°51´W M16 Api Orientale, N Dem. Rep. Congo 03°40´N 25°26´E M9 Api l NW Nepal 30°07´N 80°57´E H16 Āpia a (Samoa) Upolu, SE Samoa 13°50´S 171°47´W Apia see Abaiang K11 Apiaí São Paulo, S Brazil 24°29´S 48°51´W M16 Api, Gunung l Pulau Sangeang, S Indonesia 08°09´S 119°03´E N9 Apio Maramasike Island, N Solomon Islands 09°36´S 161°25´E O15 Apipilulco Guerrero, S Mexico 18°11´N 99°40´W P14 Apizaco Tlaxcala, S Mexico 19°26´N 98°09´W Q8 Apkhazeti var. Abkhazia; prev. Ap’khazet’i. r autonomous republic NW Georgia Ap’khazet’i see Apkhazeti I4 A Pobla de Trives Cast. Puebla de Trives. Galicia, NW Spain 42°21´N 07°16´W U9 Apoera Sipaliwini, NW Suriname 05°12´N 57°13´W O23 Apolakkiá Ródos, Dodekánisa, Greece, Aegean Sea 36°02´N 27°48´E L16 Apolda Thüringen, C Germany 51°02´N 11°31´E H16 Apolima Strait strait C Pacific Ocean M13 Apollo Bay Victoria, SE Australia 38°40´S 143°44´E Apollonia see Sozopol J16 Apolo La Paz, W Bolivia 14°48´S 68°31´W

57 J16 Apolobamba, Cordillera m Bolivia/Peru 171 Q8 Apo, Mount i Mindanao, S Philippines 06°54´N 125°16´E 23 W11 Apopka Florida, SE USA 28°40´N 81°30´W

23 W11 Apopka, Lake c Florida, SE USA 59 J19 Aporé, Rio j SW Brazil 30 K2 Apostle Islands island group Wisconsin, N USA Apostolas Andreas, Cape see Zafer Burnu 61 F14 Apóstoles Misiones, NE Argentina 27°54´S 55°45´W Apostólou Andréa, Akrotíri see Zafer Burnu 117 S9 Apostolove Rus. Apostolovo. Dnipropetrovs’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 47°40´N 33°45´E Apostolovo see Apostolove 17 S10 Appalachian Mountains m E USA 95 K14 Äppelbo Dalarna, C Sweden 60°30´N 14°00´E

98 N7 Appelscha Fris. Appelskea. Fryslân, N Netherlands

52°57´N 06°19´E Appelskea see Appelscha 106 G11 Appennino Eng. Apennines. m Italy/San Marino

Country Country Capital

107 L17 Appennino Campano m C Italy 108 I7 Appenzell InnerRhoden, NW Switzerland 47°20´N 09°25´E

55 V12 Appikalo Sipaliwini, S Suriname 02°07´N 56°16´W 98 O5 Appingedam Groningen, NE Netherlands 25 X8

53°18´N 06°52´E Appleby Texas, SW USA 31°43´N 94°36´W

97 L15 Appleby-in-Westmorland Cumbria, NW England, United Kingdom 30 K10 30 I5 25 W9 29 S8 30 M7 27 S5 35 U14 29 V9 21 U6 188 B16 188 B16 106 F6 107 M15 114 I9 126 L14

54°35´N 02°26´W Apple River j Illinois, N USA Apple River j Wisconsin, N USA Apple Springs Texas, SW USA 31°13´N 94°57´W Appleton Minnesota, N USA 45°12´N 96°01´W Appleton Wisconsin, N USA 44°17´N 88°24´W Appleton City Missouri, C USA 38°11´N 94°01´W Apple Valley California, W USA 34°30´N 117°11´W Apple Valley Minnesota, N USA 44°43´N 93°13´W Appomattox Virginia, NE USA 37°21´N 78°51´W Apra Harbor harbour W Guam Apra Heights W Guam Aprica, Passo dell’ pass N Italy Apricena anc. Hadria Picena. Puglia, SE Italy 41°47´N 15°27´E Apriltsi Lovech, N Bulgaria 42°50´N 24°54´E Apsheronsk Krasnodarskiy Kray, SW Russian Federation 44°27´N 39°45´E

Apsheronskiy Poluostrov see Abşeron Yarımadası 103 S15 Apt anc. Apta Julia. Vaucluse, SE France

43°54´N 05°24´E Apta Julia see Apt 38 H12 ‘Āpua Point var. Apua Point. headland Hawai‘i, USA, C Pacific Ocean 19°15´N 155°13´W 60 I10 Apucarana Paraná, S Brazil 23°34´S 51°28´W Apulia see Puglia 54 K8 Apure off. Estado Apure. r state C Venezuela Apure, Estado see Apure 54 J7 Apure, Río j W Venezuela 57 F16 Apurímac off. Departamento de Apurímac. r department C Peru

Apurímac, Departamento de see Apurímac 57 F15 Apurímac, Río j S Peru 116 G10 Apuseni, Munii m W Romania Aqaba/‘Aqaba see Al ‘Aqabah 138 F15 Aqaba, Gulf of var. Gulf of Elat, Ar. Khalīj al ‘Aqabah; anc. Sinus Aelaniticus. gulf NE Red Sea 139 R7 ‘Aqabah Al Anbār, C Iraq 33°33´N 42°55´E

‘Aqabah, Khalīj al see Aqaba, Gulf of ‘Aqabah, Muḩāfaᶎat al see Al ‘Aqabah 149 O2 Āqchah var. Āqcheh. Jowzjān, N Afghanistan 37°N 66°07´E Āqcheh see Āqchah Aqkengse see Akkense Aqköl see Akkol’ Aqmola see Astana Aqmola Oblysy see Akmola 158 L10 Aqqikkol Hu c NW China Aqqū see Akku Aqqystaū see Akkystau ‘Aqrah see Ākrē Aqsay see Aksay Aqshataū see Akshatau Aqsū see Aksu Aqsūat see Aksuat Aqtas see Aktas Aqtaū see Aktau Aqtöbe see Aktobe Aqtöbe Oblysy see Aktyubinsk Aqtoghay see Aktogay Aquae Augustae see Dax Aquae Calidae see Bath Aquae Flaviae see Chaves Aquae Grani see Aachen Aquae Panoniae see Baden Aquae Sextiae see Aix-en-Provence Aquae Solis see Bath Aquae Tarbelicae see Dax

36 J11 Aquarius Mountains m Arizona, SW USA 62 O5 Aquidabán, Río j E Paraguay 59 H20 Aquidauana Mato Grosso do Sul, S Brazil 20°27´S 55°45´W 40 L15 Aquila Michoacán, S Mexico 18°36´N 103°32´W

25 T8

Aquila/Aquila degli Abruzzi see L’Aquila Aquilla Texas, SW USA

31°51´N 97°13´W Aquin S Haiti 18°16´N 73°24´W Aquisgranum see Aachen 102 J13 Aquitaine r region SW France Aqzhar see Akzhar 153 P13 Āra prev. Arrah. Bihār, N India 25°34´N 84°40´E 105 S4 Ara j NE Spain 23 P2 Arab Alabama, S USA 34°19´N 86°30´W Araba see Álava 138 G12 ‘Arabah, Wādī al Heb. Ha‘Arava. dry watercourse Israel/Jordan

44 L9

117 U12 Arabats’ka Strilka, Kosa spit S Ukraine 117 U12 Arabats’ka Zatoka gulf S Ukraine ‘Arab, Baḩr al see Arab, Bahr el 80 C12 Arab, Bahr el var. Baḩr al ‘Arab. j S Sudan 56 E7 Arabela, Río j N Peru 173 O4 Arabian Basin undersea feature N Arabian Sea 11°30´N 65°00´E

Arabian Desert see Sahara el Sharqîya 141 N9 Arabian Peninsula peninsula SW Asia 85 P15 Arabian Plate tectonic feature Africa/Asia/Europe 141 W14 Arabian Sea sea NW Indian Ocean Arabicus, Sinus see Red Sea

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

‘Arabī, Khalīj al see Persian Gulf Arabistan see Khūzestān ‘Arabīyah as Su‘ūdīyah, Al Mamlakah al see Saudi Arabia ‘Arabīyah Jumhūrīyah, Mişr al see Egypt 138 I9 ‘Arab, Jabal al m S Syria Arab Republic of Egypt see Egypt 139 Y12 ‘Arab, Shaţţ al Eng. Shatt al Arab, Per. Arvand Rūd. j Iran/Iraq 136 I11 Araç Kastamonu, N Turkey 59 P16 54 F5 58 P13 60 J8 136 I11 104 J13 115 F20 115 D16

59 N19 138 F11 116 F11 116 F11 78 J9 143 P18

121 Q3 174 K6 174 L6

59 J18

137 T12 32 E14 105 R6 105 Q4 107 I24 105 Q7 54 L5

41°14´N 33°20´E Aracaju state capital Sergipe, E Brazil 10°45´S 37°07´W Aracataca Magdalena, N Colombia 10°38´N 74°09´W Aracati Ceará, E Brazil 04°32´S 37°45´W Araçatuba São Paulo, S Brazil 21°12´S 50°24´W Araç Çayı j N Turkey Aracena Andalucía, S Spain 37°54´N 06°33´W Arachnaío m S Greece Árachthos var. Arta, prev. Árakhthos; anc. Arachthus. j W Greece Arachthus see Árachthos Araçuai Minas Gerais, SE Brazil 16°52´S 42°03´W Arad Southern, S Israel 31°16´N 35°09´E Arad Arad, W Romania 46°12´N 21°20´E Arad r county W Romania Arada Wadi Fira, NE Chad 15°00´N 20°38´E ‘Arādah Abū aby, S United Arab Emirates 22°57´N 53°24´E Aradhippou see Aradíppou Aradíppou var. Aradhippou. SE Cyprus 34°57´N 33°37´E Arafura Sea Ind. Laut Arafuru. sea W Pacific Ocean Arafura Shelf undersea feature C Arafura Sea Arafuru, Laut see Arafura Sea Aragarças Goiás, C Brazil 15°55´S 52°12´W Aragats, Gora see Aragats Lerr Aragats Lerr Rus. Gora Aragats. l W Armenia 40°31´N 44°06´E Arago, Cape headland Oregon, NW USA 43°17´N 124°25´W Aragón autonomous community E Spain Aragón j NE Spain Aragona Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 37°25´N 13°37´E Aragoncillo l C Spain 40°59´N 02°01´W Aragua off. Estado Aragua. r state N Venezuela

55 N6 Aragua de Barcelona Anzoátegui, NE Venezuela 09°30´N 64°51´W

55 O5 Aragua de Maturín Monagas, NE Venezuela 09°58´N 63°30´W

59 K15 59 K19 58 J11 104 K14

Aragua, Estado see Aragua Araguaia, Río var. Araguaya. j C Brazil Araguari Minas Gerais, SE Brazil 18°38´S 48°13´W Araguari, Rio j SW Brazil Araguaya see Araguaia, Río Arahal Andalucía, S Spain 37°15´N 05°33´W

165 N11 Arai Niigata, Honshū, C Japan 37°02´N 138°17´E Árainn see Inishmore Árainn Mhór see Aran Island Ara Jovis see Aranjuez 74 J11 Arak C Algeria 25°17´N 03°45´E 171 Y15 Arak Papua, E Indonesia 07°14´S 139°40´E 142 M7 Arāk prev. Sultānābād. Markazī, W Iran 34°07´N 49°39´E 188 D10 Arakabesan island Palau Islands, N Palau 55 S7 Arakaka NW Guyana 07°37´N 59°58´W Arakan State see Rakhine State

Arakan Yoma m W Myanmar (Burma) 165 O10 Arakawa Niigata, Honshū, C Japan 38°06´N 139°25´E Árakhthos see Árachthos Araks/Arak’s see Aras 158 H7 Aral Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 40°40´N 81°19´E Aral see Aralsk, Kazakhstan Aral see Vose’, Tajikistan Aral-Bukhorskiy Kanal see Amu-Buxoro Kanali 137 T12 Aralik İgdır, E Turkey 166 K5

39°54´N 44°28´E 146 H5 Aral Sea Kaz. Aral Tengizi, Rus. Aral’skoye More, Uzb. Orol Dengizi. inland sea Kazakhstan/Uzbekistan 144 L13 Aral’sk Kaz. Aral. Kzylorda, SW Kazakhstan 46°48´N 61°40´E

Aral’skoye More/Aral Tengizi see Aral Sea 41 O10 Aramberri Nuevo León, NE Mexico 24°05´N 99°52´W 186 B8 Aramia j SW Papua New Guinea 105 N5 Aranda de Duero Castilla y León, N Spain 41°40´N 03°41´W 112 M12 Aranđelovac prev. Arandjelovac. Serbia, C Serbia 44°18´N 20°32´E

Arandjelovac see Aranđelovac 97 J19 Aran Fawddwy l NW Wales, United Kingdom 52°48´N 03°42´W 97 C14 Aran Island Ir. Árainn Mhór. island NW Ireland 97 A18 Aran Islands island group W Ireland 105 N9 Aranjuez anc. Ara Jovis. Madrid, C Spain 83 E20 25 U14 25 T14 191 O3 143 N6 167 Q11

40°02´N 03°37´W Aranos Hardap, SE Namibia 24°10´S 19°08´E Aransas Bay inlet Texas, SW USA Aransas Pass Texas, SW USA 27°54´N 97°09´W Aranuka prev. Nanouki. atoll Tungaru, W Kiribati Ārān-va-Bidgol var. Golārā. Eşfahān, C Iran 34°03´N 51°30´E Aranyaprathet Prachin Buri, S Thailand 13°42´N 102°32´E Aranyosasztal see Zlatý Stôl

Administrative Regions International Airport

Aranyosgyéres see Câmpia Turzii Aranyosmarót see Zlaté Moravce 164 C14 Arao Kumamoto, Kyūshū, SW Japan 32°58´N 130°26´E 77 O8 Araouane Tombouctou, N Mali 18°53´N 03°31´W 26 L10 Arapaho Oklahoma, C USA

99 M15 Arcen Limburg, SE Netherlands 51°28´N 06°10´E 115 J25 Archánes var. Áno Arkhánai, Epáno Archánes; prev. Epáno Arkhánai. Kríti, Greece, E Mediterranean Sea

29 N16 Arapahoe Nebraska, C USA

115 O23

57 I16 Arapa, Laguna c SE Peru 185 K14 Arapawa Island island C New Zealand 61 E17 Arapey Grande, Río j N Uruguay 59 P16 Arapiraca Alagoas, E Brazil

114 F7 31 R11

35°34´N 98°57´W

40°18´N 99°54´W

09°45´S 36°40´W

140 M3 ‘Ar‘ar Al Ḩudūd ash Shamālīyah, NW Saudi Arabia 31°N 41°E

54 G15 Araracuara Caquetá, S Colombia 0°36´S 72°24´W 61 K15 Araranguá Santa Catarina, S Brazil 28°56´S 49°30´W 60 L8 Araraquara São Paulo, S Brazil 21°46´S 48°08´W 59 O13 Araras Ceará, E Brazil 58 I14 60 L9 60 H11 137 U12 182 M12

140 M3 129 N7

105 R9

04°08´S 40°30´W Araras Pará, N Brazil 06°04´S 54°34´W Araras São Paulo, S Brazil 22°21´S 47°21´W Araras, Serra das m S Brazil Ararat S Armenia 39°49´N 44°45´E Ararat Victoria, SE Australia 37°20´S 143°00´E Ararat, Mount see Büyükağrı Dağı ‘Ar‘ar, Wādī dry watercourse Iraq/Saudi Arabia Aras Arm. Arak’s, Az. Araz Nehri, Per. Rūd-e Aras, Rus. Araks; prev. Araxes. j SW Asia Aras de Alpuente see Aras de los Olmos Aras de los Olmos prev. Aras de Alpuente. Valenciana, E Spain 39°55´N 01°09´W

137 S13 Aras Güneyi Dağları m NE Turkey Aras, Rūd-e see Aras 191 U9 Aratika atoll Îles Tuamotu, C French Polynesia Aratürük see Yiwu 54 I8 Arauca Arauca, NE Colombia 54 I8

07°03´N 70°47´W Arauca off. Intendencia de Arauca. r province NE Colombia

37°15´S 73°22´W

63 F14 Arauco, Golfo de gulf S Chile 54 H8 Arauquita Arauca, C Colombia 06°57´N 71°19´W Arausio see Orange 152 F13 Arāvali Range m N India 186 J7 Arawa Bougainville, NE Papua New Guinea 06°15´S 155°35´E

185 C20 Arawata j South Island, New Zealand 186 F7 Arawe Islands island group E Papua New Guinea 59 L20 Araxá Minas Gerais, SE Brazil

105 R4 81 I15

107 D19

139 S3

139 S3

95 M16 95 M16 103 S9 54 D6 11 X15 94 N12 96 K10

35 N6

19°37´S 46°50´W Araxes see Aras Araya Sucre, N Venezuela 10°34´N 64°15´W Araz Nehri see Aras Arba j N Spain Ārba Minch’ Southern Nationalities, S Ethiopia 06°02´N 37°34´E Arbat see Erbet ‘Arbat see Erbet Arbatax Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 39°57´N 09°42´E Arbe see Rab Arbela see Arbīl Arbīl Kurd. Hewlêr, var. Erbil, Irbīl, Hawlēr; anc. Arbela. Arbīl, N Iraq 36°12´N 44°01´E Arbīl off. Muḩāfaᶎat Arbīl, var. Irbil, off. Kurd. Parêzga-î Hewlêr, Kurd. Hewlêr. r governorate N Iraq Arbīl, Muḩāfaᶎat see Arbīl Arboga Västmanland, C Sweden 59°24´N 15°50´E Arbogaån j C Sweden Arbois Jura, E France 46°54´N 05°45´E Arboletes Antioquia, NW Colombia 08°52´N 76°25´W Arborg Manitoba, S Canada 50°52´N 97°20´W Arbrå Gävleborg, C Sweden 61°27´N 16°21´E Arbroath anc. Aberbrothock. E Scotland, United Kingdom 56°34´N 02°35´W Arbuckle California, W USA 39°00´N 122°05´W

27 N12 Arbuckle Mountains m Oklahoma, C USA 162 I5 Arbulag var. Mandal. Hövsgöl, N Mongolia 117 103 102 102 18 23 22 30

44 34 35 107 41

104 M14 65 B25 106 G13 103 Q5 182 F3 106 G7 33 Q14 30 M14 105 P6

104 K15 Arcos de la Frontera Andalucía, S Spain 36°45´N 05°49´W

104 G5 Arcos de Valdevez Viana do Castelo, N Portugal 41°51´N 08°25´W

59 P15 Arcoverde Pernambuco, E Brazil 08°23´S 37°W 102 H5 Arcovest, Pointe de l’ headland NW France 48°49´N 02°58´W

Arctic Mid Oceanic Ridge see Gakkel Ridge 197 R8 Arctic Ocean ocean 8 G7 Arctic Red River j Northwest Territories/ Yukon, NW Canada Arctic Red River see Tsiigehtchic 39 S6 Arctic Village Alaska, USA 194 H1 Arctowski Polish research station South Shetland Islands, Antarctica 61°57´S 58°23´W

114 I12 Arda var. Ardhas, Gk. Ardas. j Bulgaria/Greece see also Ardas 142 L2 Ardabīl var. Ardebil. Ardabīl, NW Iran 142 L2 137 R11 137 S11 143 P8 94 E12 137 R11 114 L12 138 I13 127 P5 14 G12

103 Q13 103 Q13 97 F17 103 Q3 99 J23 137 Q11 143 O7 108 J9

104 I12

11 T17 104 I12 40 M11 114 J12

49°55´N 99°21´E Arbuzinka see Arbuzynka Q8 Arbuzynka Rus. Arbuzinka. Mykolayivs’ka Oblast’, S Ukraine 47°54´N 31°19´E U12 Arc j E France J13 Arcachon Gironde, SW France 44°40´N 01°11´W J13 Arcachon, Bassin d’ inlet SW France E10 Arcade New York, NE USA 42°32´N 78°19´W W14 Arcadia Florida, SE USA 27°13´N 81°51´W H5 Arcadia Louisiana, S USA 32°33´N 92°55´W J7 Arcadia Wisconsin, N USA 44°15´N 91°30´W Arcae Remorum see Châlons-en-Champagne L9 Arcahaie C Haiti 18°46´N 72°32´W K3 Arcata California, W USA 40°51´N 124°06´W U6 Arc Dome l Nevada, W USA 38°52´N 117°20´W J16 Arce Lazio, C Italy 41°35´N 13°34´E O15 Arcelia Guerrero, S Mexico 18°20´N 100°16´W

Mountain Mountain Range

25 R5

68°07´N 145°32´W

Arauca, Intendencia de see Arauca 63 G15 Araucanía off. Regíon de la Araucanía. r region C Chile Araucanía, Regíon de la see Araucanía 54 L7 Arauca, Río j Colombia/ Venezuela 63 F14 Arauco Bío Bío, C Chile

55 O5

105 R12

35°12´N 25°10´E Archangel see Arkhangel’sk Archangel Bay see Chëshskaya Guba Archángelos var. Arhangelos, Arkhángelos. Ródos, Dodekánisa, Greece, Aegean Sea 36°13´N 28°07´E Archar j NW Bulgaria Archbold Ohio, N USA 41°31´N 84°18´W Archena Murcia, SE Spain 38°07´N 01°17´W Archer City Texas, SW USA 33°36´N 98°37´W Archidona Andalucía, S Spain 37°06´N 04°23´W Arch Islands island group SW Falkland Islands Arcidosso Toscana, C Italy 42°52´N 11°30´E Arcis-sur-Aube Aube, N France 48°32´N 04°09´E Arckaringa Creek seasonal river South Australia Arco Trentino-Alto Adige, N Italy 45°53´N 10°52´E Arco Idaho, NW USA 43°38´N 113°18´W Arcola Illinois, N USA 39°39´N 88°19´W Arcos de Jalón Castilla y León, N Spain 41°12´N 02°13´W

183 P9 23 P1 27 N13 20 J10

38°15´N 48°18´E Ardabīl off. Ostān-e Ardabīl. r province NW Iran Ardabīl, Ostān-e see Ardabīl Ardahan Ardahan, NE Turkey 41°08´N 42°41´E Ardahan r province Ardahan, Turkey Ardakān Yazd, C Iran 32°20´N 53°59´E Årdalstangen Sogn Og Fjordane, S Norway 61°14´N 07°45´E Ardanuç Artvin, NE Turkey 41°07´N 42°04´E Ardas var. Ardhas, Bul. Arda. j Bulgaria/Greece see also Arda Arḑ aş Şawwān var. Ardh es Suwwān. plain S Jordan Ardatov Respublika Mordoviya, W Russian Federation 54°49´N 46°13´E Ardbeg Ontario, S Canada 45°38´N 80°05´W Ardeal see Transylvania Ardebil see Ardabīl Ardèche r department E France Ardèche j C France Ardee Ir. Baile Átha Fhirdhia. Louth, NE Ireland 53°52´N 06°33´W Ardennes r department NE France Ardennes physical region Belgium/France Ardeşen Rize, NE Turkey 41°14´N 41°00´E Ardestān var. Ardistan. Eşfahān, C Iran 33°29´N 52°17´E Ardez Graubünden, SE Switzerland 46°47´N 10°09´E Ardhas see Arda/Ardas Ardh es Suwwān see Arḑ aş Şawwān Ardila see Ardila, Ribeira de Ardila, Ribeira de Sp. Ardilla. j Portugal/Spain see also Ardilla Ardila, Ribeira de see Ardilla Ardill Saskatchewan, S Canada 49°56´N 105°49´W Ardilla Port. Ribeira de Ardila. j Portugal/Spain see also Ardila, Ribeira de Ardilla, Cerro la l C Mexico 22°15´N 102°33´W Ardino Kardzhali, S Bulgaria 41°38´N 25°22´E Ardistan see Ardestān Ardlethan New South Wales, SE Australia 34°24´S 146°52´E Ard Mhacha see Armagh Ardmore Alabama, S USA 34°59´N 86°51´W Ardmore Oklahoma, C USA 34°11´N 97°08´W Ardmore Tennessee, S USA 35°00´N 86°48´W

96 G10 Ardnamurchan, Point of headland N Scotland, United Kingdom 56°42´N 06°15´W Árdni see Arnøya 99 C17 Ardooie West-Vlaanderen, W Belgium 50°59´N 03°10´E 182 I9 Ardrossan South Australia 116 H9 93 F16 79 P16 45 T5 171 V13 59 P14

Volcano River

34°27´S 137°54´E Ardusat Hung. Erdőszáda. Maramureș, N Romania 47°36´N 23°25´E Åre Jämtland, C Sweden 63°25´N 13°04´E Arebi Orientale, NE Dem. Rep. Congo 02°47´N 29°35´E Arecibo C Puerto Rico 18°29´N 66°44´W´N Aredo Papua Barat, E Indonesia 02°27´S 133°59´E Areia Branca Rio Grande do Norte, E Brazil 04°53´S 37°03´W

Lake Reservoir

119 O14 Arekhawsk Rus. Orekhovsk. Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’, N Belarus 54°42´N 30°30´E Arel see Arlon Arelas/Arelate see Arles Arenal, Embalse de see Arenal Laguna 42 L12 Arenal Laguna var. Embalse de Arenal. c NW Costa Rica 42 L13 Arenal, Volcán i NW Costa Rica 10°21´N 84°42´W 34 K6 Arena, Point headland California, W USA 38°57´N 123°44´W

59 H17 Arenápolis Mato Grosso, W Brazil 14°25´S 56°52´W 40 G10 Arena, Punta headland NW Mexico 23°28´N 109°24´W 104 L8 Arenas de San Pedro Castilla y León, N Spain 40°12´N 05°05´W

63 I24 Arenas, Punta de headland S Argentina 53°10´S 68°15´W 61 B20 Arenaza Buenos Aires, E Argentina 34°55´S 61°45´W 95 F17 Arendal Aust-Agder, S Norway 58°27´N 08°45´E 99 J16 Arendonk Antwerpen, N Belgium 51°18´N 05°06´E 43 T15 Arenosa West Panamá, N Panama 09°02´N 79°57´W Arensburg see Kuressaare 105 W5 Arenys de Mar Cataluña, NE Spain 41°35´N 02°33´E 106 C9 Arenzano Liguria, NW Italy 44°25´N 08°43´E

115 F22 Areópoli prev. Areópolis. Pelopónnisos, S Greece 36°40´N 22°24´E

Areópolis see Areópoli 57 H18 Arequipa Arequipa, SE Peru 16°24´S 71°33´W

57 G17 Arequipa off. Departamento de Arequipa. r department Arequia SW Peru Arequipa, Departamento de see Arequipa 61 B19 Arequito Santa Fe, C Argentina 33°09´S 61°28´W 104 M7 Arévalo Castilla y León, N Spain 41°04´N 04°44´W 106 H12 Arezzo anc. Arretium. Toscana, C Italy 43°28´N 11°50´E

105 Q4 Arga j N Spain Argaeus see Erciyes Dağı 115 G17 Argalastí Thessalía, C Greece 39°13´N 23°13´E

105 O10 Argamasilla de Alba Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 158 L8 105 O8 104 H8 171 P6 153 V15 123 N9 103 P17 103 T15 106 H9 102 K5 103 N12 106 A9 103 N5 62 K13

65 I19

65 I20

63 H22 102 K8 102 M9

116 I12 116 K14 149 O8

149 O8

80 E7 173 P7 115 F20 103 R4 115 F20 115 D14 115 B19

35 O14 127 P16 157 T2 77 T12 139 S1

39°08´N 03°05´W Argan Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 40°09´N 88°16´E Arganda Madrid, C Spain 40°19´N 03°26´W Arganil Coimbra, N Portugal 40°13´N 08°03´W Argao Cebu, C Philippines 09°52´N 123°33´E Argartala Tripura, NE India Arga-Sala j Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya),NE Russian Federation Argelès-sur-Mer Pyrénées-Orientales, S France 42°33´N 03°01´E Argens j SE France Argenta Emilia-Romagna, N Italy 44°37´N 11°49´E Argentan Orne, N France 48°45´N 00°01´W Argentat Corrèze, C France 45°06´N 01°57´E Argentera Piemonte, NE Italy 44°25´N 06°57´E Argenteuil Val-d’Oise, N France 48°57´N 02°13´E Argentina off. Argentine Republic. b republic S South America Argentina Basin see Argentine Basin Argentine Abyssal Plain see Argentine Plain Argentine Basin var. Argentina Basin. undersea feature SW Atlantic Ocean 45°00´S 45°00´W Argentine Plain var. Argentine Abyssal Plain. undersea feature SW Atlantic Ocean 47°31´S 50°00´W Argentine Republic see Argentina Argentine Rise see Falkland Plateau Argentino, Lago c S Argentina Argenton-Château Deux-Sèvres, W France 46°59´N 00°22´W Argenton-sur-Creuse Indre, C France 46°34´N 01°32´E Argentoratum see Strasbourg Argeş r county S Romania Argeş j S Romania Arghandāb, Daryā-ye j SE Afghanistan Arghastān see Arghistān Arghestān see Arghistān Arghistān Pash. Arghastān; prev. Arghestān. j SE Afghanistan Argirocastro see Gjirokastër Argo Northern, N Sudan 19°31´N 30°25´E Argo Fracture Zone tectonic feature C Indian Ocean Argolikós Kólpos gulf S Greece Argonne physical region NE France Árgos Pelopónnisos, S Greece 37°38´N 22°43´E Argōsh see Argush Árgos Orestikó Dytikí Makedonía, N Greece 40°27´N 21°15´E Argostóli var. Argostólion. Kefallonía, Iónia Nísiá, Greece, C Mediterranean Sea 38°13´N 20°29´E Argostólion see Argostóli Argovie see Aargau Arguello, Point headland California, W USA 34°34´N 120°39´W Argun Chechenskaya Respublika, SW Russian Federation 43°16´N 45°53´E Argun Chin. Ergun He, Rus. Argun’. j China/Russian Federation Argungu Kebbi, NW Nigeria 12°45´N 04°24´E Argush Ar. Argūsh, var. Argōsh. Dahūk, N Iraq 37°07´N 44°13´E Argūsh see Argush Arguut see Guchin-Us

Argyle, lAke – As sAmāwAh 181 N3 Argyle, Lake salt lake Western Australia 96 G12 Argyll cultural region W Scotland, United Kingdom Argyrokastron see Gjirokastër 162 I7 Arhangay r province C Mongolia Arhangelos see Archángelos 95 G22 Århus var. Aarhus. Midtjylland, C Denmark 139 T1

83 F22 107 L17 54 F11 151 K19 77 P11 62 G2 54 H16 62 G2 62 H2 114 E13

172 I15 103 N17 102 M16 116 H11 149 U10 138 G11 138 I3

56°09´N 10°11´E Arî Ar. Ārī. Arbīl, E Iraq 37°07´N 44°34´E Ārī see Arî Aria see Herāt Ariamsvlei Karas, SE Namibia 28°08´S 19°50´E Ariano Irpino Campania, S Italy 41°08´N 15°00´E Ariari, Río j C Colombia Ari Atoll var. Alifu Atoll. atoll C Maldives Aribinda N Burkina Faso 14°12´N 00°50´W Arica hist. San Marcos de Arica. Arica y Parinacota, N Chile 18°31´S 70°18´W Arica Amazonas, S Colombia 02°09´S 71°48´W Arica k Arica y Parinacota, N Chile 18°30´S 70°20´W Arica y Parinacota r region N Chile Aridaía var. Aridea, Aridhaía. Dytikí Makedonía, N Greece 40°59´N 22°04´E Aridea see Aridaía Aride, Île island Inner Islands, NE Seychelles Aridhaía see Aridaía Ariège r department S France Ariège var. la Riege. j Andorra/France Arieş j W Romania Ārifwāla Punjab, E Pakistan 30°15´N 73°08´E Ariguaní see El Difícil Arīhā Al Karak, W Jordan 31°25´N 35°47´E Arīḩā var. Arīhā. Idlib, W Syria 35°50´N 36°36´E Arīhā see Arīḩā Arīḩā see Jericho

37 W4 Arikaree River j Colorado/Nebraska, C USA 112 L13 Arilje Serbia, W Serbia 43°45´N 20°06´E

45 U14 Arima Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago

59 40

118 47 59 121 54 10

10°38´N 61°17´W Arime see Al ‘Arīmah Ariminum see Rimini H16 Arinos, Rio j W Brazil M14 Ario de Rosales var. Ario de Rosáles. Michoacán, SW Mexico 19°12´N 101°42´W Ario de Rosáles see Ario de Rosales F12 Ariogala Kaunas, C Lithuania 55°16´N 23°30´E T7 Aripuanã j W Brazil E15 Ariquemes Rondônia, W Brazil 09°55´S 63°06´W W13 ‘Arīsh, Wādi el j NE Egypt K6 Arismendi Barinas, C Venezuela 08°29´N 68°22´W J14 Aristazabal Island island SW Canada

60 F13 Aristóbulo del Valle Misiones, NE Argentina 172 I5

105 Q6 62 I6 105 O2 62 K13 36 J12

40 G4 95 J16 143 P8 92 I13

54 E5 105 N13 123 S10

27°09´S 54°54´W

Arivonimamo k (Antananarivo) Antananarivo, C Madagascar

19°00´S 47°11´E Arixang see Wenquan Ariza Aragón, NE Spain 41°19´N 02°03´W Arizaro, Salar de salt lake NW Argentina Arizgoiti var. Basauri. País Vasco, N Spain 43°13´N 02°54´W Arizona San Luis, C Argentina 35°44´S 65°16´W Arizona off. State of Arizona, also known as Copper State, Grand Canyon State. r state SW USA Arizpe Sonora, NW Mexico 30°20´N 110°11´W Årjäng Värmland, C Sweden 59°24´N 12°09´E Arjenān Yazd, C Iran 32°19´N 53°48´E Arjeplog Lapp. Árjepluovve. Norrbotten, N Sweden 66°04´N 18°E Árjepluovve see Arjeplog Arjona Bolívar, N Colombia 10°14´N 75°22´W Arjona Andalucía, S Spain 37°56´N 04°04´W Arka Khabarovskiy Kray, E Russian Federation 60°04´N 142°17´E

Arkabutla Lake d Mississippi, S USA 127 O7 Arkadak Saratovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 22 L2

51°55´N 43°29´E 27 T13 Arkadelphia Arkansas, C USA 34°07´N 93°06´W 115 J25 Arkalochóri ; prev. Arkalokhórion. Kríti, Greece, E Mediterranean Sea 35°09´N 25°15´E

97 G19 Arklow Ir. An tInbhear Mór. SE Ireland 52°48´N 06°09´W 115 M20 Arkoí island Dodekánisa, Greece, Aegean Sea 27 R11 Arkoma Oklahoma, C USA 35°19´N 94°27´W 100 O7 Arkona, Kap headland NE Germany 54°40´N 13°24´E 95 N17 Arkösund Östergötland, S Sweden 58°28´N 16°55´E

Arkticheskogo Instituta, Ostrova island N Russian Federation 95 O15 Arlanda k (Stockholm) Stockholm, C Sweden 122 J6

59°40´N 17°58´E

146 C11 Arlandag Rus. Gora Arlan. l W Turkmenistan 39°39´N 54°28´E

Arlan, Gora see Arlandag 105 O5 Arlanza j N Spain 105 N5 Arlanzón j N Spain 103 R15 Arles var. Arles-surRhône; anc. Arelas, Arelate. Bouches-du-Rhône, SE France 43°41´N 04°38´E

Arles-sur-Rhône see Arles 103 O17 Arles-sur-Tech PyrénéesOrientales, S France 29 U9 29 R15 32 J11 29 R10 20 E10 25 T6 21 W4 32 H7 30 M10 77 U8 99 L24

27 R7 97 F16

97 F16 102 K15

103 Q7 60 K10 Armando Laydner, Represa d S Brazil 115 M24 Armathía island SE Greece 137 T12 Armavir prev. Hoktemberyan, Rus. Oktemberyan. SW Armenia 40°09´N 43°58´E

44°59´N 41°07´E 54 E10 Armenia Quindío, W Colombia 04°32´N 75°40´W 137 T12 Armenia off. Republic of Armenia, var. Ajastan, Arm. Hayastani Hanrapetut’yun; prev. Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic. b republic SW Asia

Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic see Armenia Armenia, Republic of see Armenia Armenierstadt see Gherla 103 O1 Armentières Nord, N France 50°41´N 02°53´E

40 K14 Armería Colima, SW Mexico 183 T5 29 P11 61 B18 11 N16 12 D11 29 U11 25 S16 117 S11 115 H14 121 N2

26 K9

27

181 Q2

27 27 16 182

124

Arkhangel’skaya Oblast’ r province NW Russian Federation 127 O14 Arkhangel’skoye Stavropol’skiy Kray, SW Russian Federation 44°37´N 44°03´E 123 R14 Arkhara Amurskaya Oblast’, S Russian Federation 49°20´N 130°04´E 124 L9

18°55´N 103°59´W Armidale New South Wales, SE Australia 30°32´S 151°40´E Armour South Dakota, N USA 43°19´N 98°21´W Armstrong Santa Fe, C Argentina 32°46´S 61°39´W Armstrong British Columbia, SW Canada 50°27´N 119°14´W Armstrong Ontario, S Canada 50°20´N 89°02´W Armstrong Iowa, C USA 43°24´N 94°28´W Armstrong Texas, SW USA 26°55´N 97°47´W Armyans’k Rus. Armyansk. Avtonomna Respublika Krym, S Ukraine 46°05´N 33°43´E Arnaía Cont. Arnea. Kentrikí Makedonía, N Greece 40°30´N 23°36´E Arnaoúti, Akrotíri var. Arnaoútis, Cape Arnaouti. headland W Cyprus 35°06´N 32°16´E

Arnaouti, Cape/Arnaoútis see Arnaoúti, Akrotíri 12 L4 Arnaud j Québec, E Canada 103 Q8 Arnay-le-Duc Côte d’Or, C France 47°08´N 04°27´E Arnea see Arnaía 105 Q4 Arnedo La Rioja, N Spain 95 I14

98 L12

106 F11 189 W7 182 H8 35 Q8 27 X5 29 N15 109 R10 103 N9 45 P14

92 I8

42°14´N 02°05´W Årnes Akershus, S Norway 60°07´N 11°28´E Årnes see Åi Åfjord Arnett Oklahoma, C USA 36°08´N 99°46´W Arnhem Gelderland, SE Netherlands 51°59´N 05°54´E Arnhem Land physical region Northern Territory, N Australia Arno j C Italy Arņo see Arno Atoll Arno Atoll var. Arņo. atoll Ratak Chain, NE Marshall Islands Arno Bay South Australia 33°55´S 136°31´E Arnold California, W USA 38°15´N 120°19´W Arnold Missouri, C USA 38°25´N 90°22´W Arnold Nebraska, C USA 41°25´N 100°11´W Arnoldstein Slvn. Pod Klošter. Kärnten, S Austria 46°34´N 13°43´E Arnon j C France Arnos Vale k (Kingstown) Saint Vincent, SE Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 13°08´N 61°13´W Arnøya Lapp. Árdni. island N Norway

Country Country Capital

45°31´N 76°11´W

101 G15 Arnsberg NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 51°24´N 08°04´E

101 K16 Arnstadt Thüringen, C Germany 50°50´N 10°57´E Arnswalde see Choszczno 54 K5 Aroa Yaracuy, N Venezuela

10°26´N 68°54´W 83 E21 Aroab Karas, SE Namibia 26°47´S 19°40´E Ároania see Chelmós 191 O6 Aroa, Pointe headland Moorea, W French Polynesia 17°27´S 149°45´W Aroe Islands see Aru, Kepulauan 101 H15 Arolsen Niedersachsen, C Germany 51°23´N 09°00´E 106 C7 Arona Piemonte, NE Italy 45°45´N 08°33´E

Aroostook River j Canada/USA Arop Island see Long Island 38 M12 Aropuk Lake c Alaska, USA 191 P4 Arorae atoll Tungaru, W Kiribati 190 G16 Arorangi Rarotonga, S Cook Islands 21°13´S 159°49´W 108 I9 Arosa Graubünden, S Switzerland 46°48´N 09°42´E 104 F4 Arousa, Ría de estuary E Atlantic Ocean 184 P8 Arowhana l North Island, New Zealand 19 R3

137 V12 137 S11

149 N14

139 R9 60 Q10 104 H11 139 R8 138 J6 138 H9 96 H13 138 L3

138 L3

126 M14 Armavir Krasnodarskiy Kray, SW Russian Federation

Arkalohori/Arkalokhórion see Arkalochóri 145 O10 Arkalyk Kaz. Arqalyq. Kostanay, N Kazakhstan 50°17´N 66°51´E U10 Arkansas off. State of Arkansas, also known as The Land of Opportunity. r state S USA W14 Arkansas City Arkansas, C USA 33°36´N 91°12´W O7 Arkansas City Kansas, C USA 37°03´N 97°02´W K11 Arkansas River j C USA J5 Arkaroola South Australia 30°21´S 139°20´E Arkhángelos see Archángelos L8 Arkhangel’sk Eng. Archangel. Arkhangel’skaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 64°32´N 40°40´E

42°27´N 02°37´E Arlington Minnesota, N USA 44°36´N 94°04´W Arlington Nebraska, C USA 41°27´N 96°21´W Arlington Oregon, NW USA 45°43´N 120°10´W Arlington South Dakota, N USA 44°21´N 97°07´W Arlington Tennessee, S USA 35°17´N 89°40´W Arlington Texas, SW USA 32°44´N 97°05´W Arlington Virginia, NE USA 38°54´N 77°09´W Arlington Washington, NW USA 48°12´N 122°07´W Arlington Heights Illinois, N USA 42°08´N 88°03´W Arlit Agadez, C Niger 18°54´N 07°25´E Arlon Dut. Aarlen, Ger. Arel, Lat. Orolaunum. Luxembourg, SE Belgium 49°41´N 05°49´E Arma Kansas, C USA 37°32´N 94°42´W Armagh Ir. Ard Mhacha. S Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 54°15´N 06°33´W Armagh cultural region S Northern Ireland, United Kingdom Armagnac cultural region S France Armançon j C France

14 L12 Arnprior Ontario, SE Canada

103 O2 105 P3 138 G12 138 I5 139 X12 102 L15 141 N10 141 Q15 142 K11 143 N16 102 L17 64 Q11

43 P6 61 C19 102 F6

109 S9 41 41 139 139 141 141 141 61 102 103 25

38°07´S 177°52´E Arp’a Az. Arpaçay. j Armenia/Azerbaijan Arpaçay Kars, NE Turkey 40°51´N 43°20´E Arpaçay see Arp’a Arqalyq see Arkalyk Arra j SW Pakistan Arrabona see Győr Arrah see Āra Ar Rahad see Er Rahad Ar Raḩḩālīyah Al Anbār, C Iraq 32°53´N 43°21´E Arraial do Cabo Rio de Janeiro, SE Brazil 22°57´S 42°00´W Arraiolos Évora, S Portugal 38°44´N 07°59´W Ar Ramādī var. Ramadi, Rumadiya. Al Anbār, SW Iraq 33°27´N 43°19´E Ar Rāmī Ḩimş, C Syria 34°32´N 37°54´E Ar Rams see Rams Ar Ramthā var. Ramtha. Irbid, N Jordan 32°34´N 36°00´E Arran, Isle of island SW Scotland, United Kingdom Ar Raqqah var. Rakka; anc. Nicephorium. Ar Raqqah, N Syria 35°57´N 39°03´E Ar Raqqah off. Muḩāfaat al Raqqah, var. Raqqah, Fr. Rakka. r governorate N Syria Arras anc. Nemetocenna. Pas-de-Calais, N France 50°17´N 02°46´E Arrasate Cast. Mondragón. País Vasco, N Spain 43°04´N 02°30´W Ar Rashādīyah Aţ ţafīlah, W Jordan 30°42´N 35°38´E Ar Rastān var. Rastâne. Ḩimş, W Syria 34°57´N 36°43´E Ar Raţāwī Al Başrah, E Iraq 30°37´N 47°12´E Arrats j S France Ar Rawḑah Makkah, S Saudi Arabia 21°19´N 42°48´E Ar Rawḑah S Yemen 14°26´N 47°14´E Ar Rawḑatayn var. Raudhatain. N Kuwait 29°80´N 47°50´E Ar Rayyān var. Al Rayyan. C Qatar 25°18´N 51°29´E Arreau Hautes-Pyrénées, S France 42°55´N 00°21´E Arrecife var. Arrecife de Lanzarote, Puerto Arrecife. Lanzarote, Islas Canarias, NE Atlantic Ocean 28°57´N 13°33´W Arrecife de Lanzarote see Arrecife Arrecife Edinburgh reef NE Nicaragua Arrecifes Buenos Aires, E Argentina 34°06´S 60°09´W

Arrée, Monts d’ m NW France Ar Refā’ī see Ar Rifā‘ī Arretium see Arezzo Arriaca see Guadalajara Arriach Kärnten, S Austria

46°43´N 13°52´E T16 Arriaga Chiapas, SE Mexico 16°14´N 93°54´W N12 Arriaga San Luis Potosí, C Mexico 21°55´N 101°23´W W10 Ar Rifā‘ī var. Ar Refā’ī. Dhī Qār, SE Iraq 31°47´N 46°07´E V12 Ar Riḩāb salt flat S Iraq Arriondas see Les Arriondes Q7 Ar Riyāḑ Eng. Riyadh. a (Saudi Arabia) Ar Riyāḑ, C Saudi Arabia 24°50´N 46°50´E O8 Ar Riyāḑ off. Minţaqat ar Riyāḑ. r province C Saudi Arabia S15 Ar Riyān S Yemen 14°43´N 49°18´E Arrö see Ærø H18 Arroio Grande Rio Grande do Sul, S Brazil 32°15´S 53°02´W K15 Arros j S France Q9 Arroux j C France R5 Arrowhead, Lake d Texas, SW USA

182 L5

185 D21 61 D17 104 J10 63 J16 35 P13 141 R11 139 V13 61 A16

Arrowsmith, Mount hill New South Wales, SE Australia Arrowtown Otago, South Island, New Zealand 44°57´S 168°51´E Arroyo Barú Entre Ríos, E Argentina 31°52´S 58°26´W Arroyo de la Luz Extremadura, W Spain 39°28´N 06°36´W Arroyo de la Ventana Río Negro, SE Argentina 41°41´S 66°03´W Arroyo Grande California, W USA 35°07´N 120°35´W Ar Ru’ays see Ar Ruways Ar Rub‘ al Khālī Eng. Empty Quarter, Great Sandy Desert. desert SW Asia Ar Ruḑaymah Al Muthanná, S Iraq 30°20´N 45°26´E Arrufó Santa Fe, C Argentina 30°15´S 61°45´W

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

138 I7

Ar Ruḩaybah var. Ruhaybeh, Fr. Rouhaïbé. Rīf Dimashq, W Syria 33°45´N 36°40´E

139 V15 Ar Rukhaymīyah well S Iraq 139 U11 Ar Rumaythah var. Rumaitha. Al Muthanná, S Iraq 31°31´N 45°15´E 141 X8 Ar Rustāq var. Rostak, Rustaq. N Oman 139 N8 140 M3

141 O8 143 N15 143 O17

123 S15 155 G19 127 R3 94 N10 121 O3 94 N13 115 C17 105 Y9

137 T12 40 M15 123 S15 44 C4 117 W7 122 K13

23°34´N 57°25´E Ar Ruţbah var. Rutba. Al Anbār, SW Iraq 33°03´N 40°16´E Ar Rūthīyah spring/ well NW Saudi Arabia 31°18´N 41°23´E ar-Ruwaida see Ar Ruwayḑah Ar Ruwayḑah var. arRuwaida. Jīzān, C Saudi Arabia 23°48´N 44°44´E Ar Ruways var. Al Ruweis, Ar Ru’ays, Ruwais. N Qatar 26°08´N 51°13´E Ar Ruways var. Ar Ru’ays. Abū aby, W United Arab Emirates 24°09´N 52°57´E Års see Aars Arsanias see Murat Nehri Arsen’yev Primorskiy Kray, SE Russian Federation 44°09´N 133°28´E Arsikere Karnātaka, W India 13°20´N 76°13´E´N Arsk Respublika Tatarstan, W Russian Federation 56°07´N 49°54´E Årskogen Gävleborg, C Sweden 62°07´N 17°19´E Ársos C Cyprus 34°51´N 32°46´E Årsunda Gävleborg, C Sweden 60°31´N 16°45´E Árta anc. Ambracia. Ípeiros, W Greece 39°08´N 20°59´E Artà Mallorca, Spain, W Mediterranean Sea 39°42´N 03°20´E Arta see Árachthos Artashat S Armenia 39°57´N 44°34´E Arteaga Michoacán, SW Mexico 18°22´N 102°18´W Artem Primorskiy Kray, SE Russian Federation 43°24´N 132°20´E Artemisa La Habana, W Cuba 22°49´N 82°47´W Artemivs’k Donets’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 48°35´N 37°58´E Artemovsk Krasnoyarskiy Kray, S Russian Federation 54°22´N 93°24´E

105 U5 Artesa de Segre Cataluña, NE Spain 37 U14 25 Q14 108 G8 14 F15 30 M14 28 L14 29 Q5 185 B21

41°54´N 01°03´E Artesia New Mexico, SW USA 32°50´N 104°24´W Artesia Wells Texas, SW USA 28°13´N 99°18´W Arth Schwyz, C Switzerland 47°05´N 08°39´E Arthur Ontario, S Canada 43°49´N 80°31´W Arthur Illinois, N USA 39°42´N 88°28´W Arthur Nebraska, C USA 41°35´N 101°42´W Arthur North Dakota, N USA 47°03´N 97°12´W Arthur j South Island, New Zealand

18 B13 Arthur, Lake d Pennsylvania, NE USA 183 N15 Arthur River j Tasmania, SE Australia 185 G18 Arthur’s Pass Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand 42°59´S 171°33´E

185 G17 Arthur’s Pass pass South Island, New Zealand 44 I3 Arthur’s Town Cat Island, C The Bahamas 24°34´N 75°39´W

44 M9 Artibonite, Rivière de l’ j C Haiti 61 E16 Artigas prev. San Eugenio, San Eugenio del Cuareim. Artigas, N Uruguay 61 194 137 187 103 136 105

117 158 137 137 146 79 81 104

45 47

171 153

155 81 81 81

30°25´S 56°28´W E16 Artigas r department N Uruguay H1 Artigas Uruguayan research station Antarctica 61°57´S 58°23´W T11 Art’ik W Armenia 40°38´N 43°58´E O16 Art, Île island Îles Belep, W New Caledonia O2 Artois cultural region N France L12 Artova Tokat, N Turkey 40°04´N 36°17´E Y9 Artrutx, Cap d’ var. Cabo Dartuch. cape Menorca, Spain, W Mediterranean Sea Artsiz see Artsyz N11 Artsyz Rus. Artsiz. Odes’ka Oblast’, SW Ukraine 45°59´N 29°26´E E7 Artux Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 39°40´N 76°10´E R11 Artvin Artvin, NE Turkey 41°12´N 41°48´E R11 Artvın r province NE Turkey G14 Artyk Ahal Welaýaty, C Turkmenistan 37°32´N 59°16´E Q16 Aru Orientale, NE Dem. Rep. Congo 02°53´N 30°50´E E17 Arua NW Uganda 03°02´N 30°56´E I4 A Rúa de Valdeorras var. La Rúa. Galicia, NW Spain 42°22´N 07°12´W Aruângua see Luangwa O15 Aruba var. Oruba. p Dutch self-governing territory S West Indies Q4 Aruba island Aruba, Lesser Antilles Aru Islands see Aru, Kepulauan W15 Aru, Kepulauan Eng. Aru Islands; prev. Aroe Islands. island group E Indonesia W10 Arunāchal Pradesh prev. North East Frontier Agency, North East Frontier Agency of Assam. r state NE India Arun Qi see Naji H23 Aruppukkottai Tamil Nādu, SE India 09°31´N 78°03´E I20 Arusha Arusha, N Tanzania 03°23´S 36°40´E I21 Arusha r region E Tanzania I20 Arusha k Arusha, N Tanzania 03°26´S 37°07´E

Administrative Regions International Airport

54 C9 155 J23 79 M17

37 T4

162 J8 9

O10

93 I14 95 J15 92 J8 35 S13 163 S8 145 P7

145 P17

145 O14 107 D16 127 O4 141 V13 104 H3 111 A16 95 H15 95 H20 83 E21 77 U16 76 J10 149 S4

138 K3 63 H20 165 P14 164 M11 165 T13 165 T3 147 S10 77 P17 188 B15 188 B15 153 R15 80 K12 171 T12 15 Q12 29 Y13 18 K15 41 Z12 40 I3

Arusí, Punta headland NW Colombia 05°36´N 77°30´W Aruvi Aru j NW Sri Lanka Aruwimi var. Ituri (upper course). j NE Dem. Rep. Congo Árva see Orava Arvada Colorado, C USA 39°48´N 105°06´W Arvand Rūd see ‘Arab, Shaţţ al Arvayheer Övörhangay, C Mongolia 46°13´N 102°47´E Arviat prev. Eskimo Point. Nunavut, C Canada 61°10´N 94°15´W Arvidsjaur Norrbotten, N Sweden 65°34´N 19°12´E Arvika Värmland, C Sweden 59°41´N 12°38´E Årviksand Troms, N Norway 70°10´N 20°30´E Arvin California, W USA 35°12´N 118°52´W Arxan Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China 47.11N 119.58´E Arykbalyk Kaz. Aryqbalyq. Severnyy Kazakhstan, N Kazakhstan 53°00´N 68°11´E Aryqbalyq see Arykbalyk ‘Arys’ prev. Arys’. Yuzhnyy Kazakhstan, S Kazakhstan 42°26´N 68°49´E Arys’ see ‘Arys’ Arys see Orzysz Arys Köli see Arys, Ozero Arys, Ozero Kaz. Arys Köli. c C Kazakhstan Arzachena Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 41°05´N 09°21´E Arzamas Nizhegorodskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 55°25´N 43°51´E Arzāt S Oman 17°00´N 54°18´E Arzúa Galicia, NW Spain 42°55´N 08°10´W Aš Ger. Asch. Karlovarský Kraj, W Czech Republic 50°18´N 12°12´E Ås Akershus, S Norway 59°40´N 10°50´E Åsa see Asaa Asaa var. Åsa. Nordjylland, N Denmark 57°07´N 10°24´E Asab Karas, S Namibia 25°29´S 17°59´E Asaba Delta, S Nigeria 06°10´N 06°44´E Assaba var. Açâba. r region S Mauritania Asadābād var. Asaḏābād; prev. Chaghasarāy. Kunar, E Afghanistan 34°52´N 71°09´E Asaḏābād see Asadābād Asad, Buḩayrat al Eng. Lake Assad. c N Syria Asador, Pampa del plain S Argentina Asahi Chiba, Honshū, S Japan 35°43´N 140°38´E Asahi Toyama, Honshū, SW Japan 36°56´N 137°34´E Asahi-dake l Hokkaidō, N Japan 43°42´N 142°50´E Asahikawa Hokkaidō, N Japan 43°46´N 142°23´E Asaka Rus. Assake; prev. Leninsk. Andijon Viloyati, E Uzbekistan 40°39´N 72°16´E Asamankese SE Ghana 05°47´N 00°41´W Asan W Guam 13°28´N 144°43´E Asan Point headland W Guam Āsānsol West Bengal, NE India 23°40´N 86°59´E Āsayita Āfar, NE Ethiopia 11°35´S 41°23´E Asbakin Papua Barat, E Indonesia 0°45´S 131°40´E Asben see Aïr, Massif de l’ Asbestos Québec, SE Canada 45°46´N 71°56´W Asbury Iowa, C USA 42°30´N 90°45´W Asbury Park New Jersey, NE USA 40°13´N 74°00´W Ascención, Bahiá de la bay NW Caribbean Sea Ascensión Chihuahua, N Mexico 31°07´N 107°59´W Ascension see Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha

65 M14 Ascension Fracture Zone tectonic feature C Atlantic Ocean Ascension Island p dependency of St.Helena C Atlantic Ocean 65 N16 Ascension Island island C Atlantic Ocean Asch see Aš 109 S3 Aschach an der Donau Oberösterreich, N Austria

95 E17 Åseral Vest-Agder, S Norway

146 F13 95 H16 23 T6 185 G19 185 G19

51°46´N 07°36´E

31°48´N 34°38´E

27 S14 Ashdown Arkansas, C USA 21 T9 11 X15 21 P10 12 E8 27 V9 183 T4 97 P22 36 K11 27 T7 165 O12 165 Q8 164 F15 138 E10

23 Q4 26 K7 21 P5 19 S2 22 M1 27 U4 29 S15 31 T12 32 G15 21 W6 30 K3 20 I8 183 S4 29 O7

139

139 139

139 139

106 G12

139

106 J13 107 M17 108 G11

80 L11 95 M20 127 T6 81 J14 93 H15 98 N7 94 K12 114 J11 171 O13

Mountain Mountain Range

Volcano River

33°40´N 94°09´W Asheboro North Carolina, SE USA 35°42´N 79°50´W Ashern Manitoba, S Canada 51°10´N 98°22´W Asheville North Carolina, SE USA 35°36´N 82°33´W Asheweig j Ontario, C Canada Ash Flat Arkansas, C USA 36°13´N 91°36´W Ashford New South Wales, SE Australia 29°18´S 151°09´E Ashford SE England, United Kingdom 51°09´N 00°52´E Ash Fork Arizona, SW USA 35°12´N 112°31´W Ashgabat see Aşgabat Ash Grove Missouri, C USA 37°19´N 93°35´W Ashikaga var. Asikaga. Tochigi, Honshū, S Japan 36°21´N 139°26´E Ashiro Iwate, Honshū, C Japan 40°04´N 141°00´E Ashizuri-misaki Shikoku, SW Japan Ashkelon prev. Ashqelon. Southern, C Israel 31°40´N 34°35´E Ashkhabad see Aşgabat Ashland Alabama, S USA 33°16´N 85°50´W Ashland Kansas, C USA 37°12´N 99°47´W Ashland Kentucky, S USA 38°28´N 82°40´W Ashland Maine, NE USA 46°36´N 68°24´W Ashland Mississippi, S USA 34°51´N 89°10´W Ashland Missouri, C USA 38°46´N 92°15´W Ashland Nebraska, C USA 41°01´N 96°21´W Ashland Ohio, N USA 40°52´N 82°19´W Ashland Oregon, NW USA 42°11´N 122°42´W Ashland Virginia, NE USA 37°45´N 77°28´W Ashland Wisconsin, N USA 46°34´N 90°54´W Ashland City Tennessee, S USA 36°16´N 87°05´W Ashley New South Wales, SE Australia 29°21´S 149°49´E Ashley North Dakota, N USA 46°00´N 99°22´W

173 W7 Ashmore and Cartier Islands p Australian external territory E Indian Ocean 119 I14 Ashmyany Rus. Oshmyany. Hrodzyenskaya Voblasts’, W Belarus 54°24´N 25°57´E 18 K12 Ashokan Reservoir d New York, NE USA 165 U4 Ashoro Hokkaidō, NE Japan

101 L14 Aschersleben SachsenAnhalt, C Germany

51°46´N 11°28´E Asciano Toscana, C Italy 43°15´N 11°32´E Ascoli Piceno anc. Asculum Picenum. Marche, C Italy 42°51´N 13°34´E Ascoli Satriano anc. Asculub, Ausculum Apulum. Puglia, SE Italy 41°13´N 15°32´E Ascona Ticino, S Switzerland 46°10´N 08°45´E Asculub see Ascoli Satriano Asculum Picenum see Ascoli Piceno ‘Aseb var. Assab, Amh. Āseb. SE Eritrea 13°04´N 42°36´E Åseda Kronoberg, S Sweden 57°10´N 15°20´E Asekeyevo Orenburgskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 53°36´N 52°53´E Āsela var. Asella, Aselle, Asselle. Oromīya, C Ethiopia 07°55´N 39°08´E Åsele Västerbotten, N Sweden 64°10´N 17°20´E Asella/Aselle see Āsela Assen Drenthe, NE Netherlands 53°N 06°34´E Åsen Dalarna, C Sweden 61°18´N 13°49´E Asenovgrad prev. Stanimaka. Plovdiv, C Bulgaria 42°00´N 24°53´E Asera Sulawesi, C Indonesia 03°24´S 121°42´E

37°58´N 58°22´E Așgabat k Ahal Welaýaty, C Turkmenistan 38°06´N 58°10´E Åsgårdstrand Vestfold, S Norway 59°22´N 10°27´E Ashara see Al ‘Ashārah Ashburn Georgia, SE USA 31°42´N 83°39´W Ashburton Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand 43°55´S 171°47´E Ashburton j South Island, New Zealand

180 H8 Ashburton River j Western Australia 145 V10 Ashchysu j E Kazakhstan 10 M16 Ashcroft British Columbia, SW Canada 50°41´N 121°17´W 138 E10 Ashdod anc. Azotos, Lat. Azotus. Central, W Israel

48°22´N 14°00´E

101 H18 Aschaffenburg Bayern, SW Germany 49°58´N 09°10´E 101 F14 Ascheberg NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany

58°37´N 07°27´E

Aseri var. Asserien, Ger. Asserin. Ida-Virumaa, NE Estonia 59°29´N 26°51´E 104 G3 A Serra de Outes Galicia, NW Spain 42°50´N 08°54´W 40 J10 Aserradero Durango, W Mexico 146 F13 Aşgabat prev. Ashgabat, Ashkhabad, Poltoratsk. a (Turkmenistan) Ahal Welaýaty, C Turkmenistan 118 J3

138 143 143 140 139 141

139 138 138

43°16´N 143°33´E Ashqelon see Ashkelon Ashraf see Behshahr O3 Ash Shadādah var. Ash Shaddādah, Jisr ash Shadadi, Shaddādī, Shedadi, Tell Shedadi. Al Ḩasakah, NE Syria 36°00´N 40°42´E Ash Shaddādah see Ash Shadādah Y12 Ash Shāfī Al Başrah, E Iraq 30°49´N 47°30´E R4 Ash Shakk var. Shaykh. Şalāḩ ad Dīn, C Iraq 35°15´N 43°27´E Ash Sham/Ash Shām see Rīf Dimashq T10 Ash Shāmīyah var. Shamiya. Al Qādisīyah, C Iraq 31°56´N 44°37´E Y13 Ash Shāmīyah var. Al Bādiyah al Janūbīyah. desert S Iraq T11 Ash Shanāfīyah var. Ash Shināfīyah. Al Qādisīyah, S Iraq 31°35´N 44°38´E G13 Ash Sharāh var. Esh Sharā. m W Jordan R16 Ash Shāriqah Eng. Sharjah. Ash Shāriqah, NE United Arab Emirates 25°22´N 55°28´E R16 Ash Shāriqah var. Sharjah. k Ash Shāriqah, NE United Arab Emirates 25°19´N 55°37´E I4 Ash Sharmah var. Šarma. Tabūk, NW Saudi Arabia 28°02´N 35°16´E R4 Ash Sharqāţ Nīnawýa, NW Iraq 35°31´N 43°15´E S10 Ash Sharqīyah off. Al Minţaqah ash Sharqīyah, Eng. Eastern Region. r province E Saudi Arabia Ash Sharqīyah see Al ‘Ubaylah W11 Ash Shaţrah var. Shatra. Dhī Qār, SE Iraq 31°26´N 46°10´E G13 Ash Shawbak Ma‘ān, W Jordan 30°32´N 35°34´E L5 Ash Shaykh Ibrāhīm Ḩimş, C Syria 35°03´N 38°50´E

141 O17 Ash Shaykh ‘Uthmān SW Yemen 12°53´N 45°00´E 141 S15 Ash Shiḩr SE Yemen 14°45´N 49°24´E Ash Shināfīyah see Ash Shanāfīyah

Lake Reservoir

141 V12 Ash Shişar var. Shisur. SW Oman 18°13´N 53°35´E 139 S13 Ash Shubrūm well S Iraq 141 R10 Ash Shuqqān desert E Saudi Arabia 75 O9 Ash Shuwayrif var. Ash Shwayrif. N Libya 29°54´N 14°16´E

Ash Shwayrif see Ash Shuwayrif 31 U10 Ashtabula Ohio, N USA 41°54´N 80°46´W

29 Q5 Ashtabula, Lake d North Dakota, N USA 137 T12 Ashtarak W Armenia 40°18´N 44°22´E

142 M6 Āshtīān var. Āshtiyān. Markazī, W Iran 34°23´N 49°55´E

Āshtiyān see Āshtīān 33 R13 Ashton Idaho, NW USA 44°04´N 111°27´W

13 O10 Ashuanipi Lake c Newfoundland and Labrador, E Canada 15 P6 Ashuapmushuan j Québec, SE Canada 23 Q3 Ashville Alabama, S USA 33°50´N 86°15´W

31 S14 Ashville Ohio, N USA

39°43´N 82°57´W Ashwabay, Mount hill Wisconsin, N USA 128-129 Asia continent 171 T11 Asia, Kepulauan island group E Indonesia 154 N13 Āsika Odisha, E India 19°38´N 84°41´E Asikaga see Ashikaga 93 M18 Asikkala var. Vääksy. Päijät-Häme, S Finland 61°09´N 25°36´E 74 G5 Asilah N Morocco 35°32´N 06°04´W ‘Aşī, Nahr al see Orontes 107 B16 Asinara, Isola island W Italy 122 J12 Asino Tomskaya Oblast’, C Russian Federation 56°56´N 86°02´E 119 O14 Asintorf Rus. Osintorf. Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’, N Belarus 54°43´N 30°35´E 119 L17 Asipovichy Rus. Osipovichi. Mahilyowskaya Voblasts’, C Belarus 53°18´N 28°40´E 141 N12 ‘Asīr off. Minţaqat ‘Asīr. r province SW Saudi Arabia 140 M11 ‘Asīr Eng. Asir. m SW Saudi Arabia ‘Asīr, Minţaqat see ‘Asīr 139 X10 Askal Maysān, E Iraq 31°45´N 47°07´E 137 P13 Aşkale Erzurum, NE Turkey 39°56´N 40°39´E 117 T11 Askaniya-Nova Khersons’ka Oblast’, S Ukraine 46°27´N 33°54´E 95 H15 Asker Akershus, S Norway 59°52´N 10°26´E 95 L17 Askersund Örebro, C Sweden 58°55´N 14°55´E Askī Kalak see Eski Kaak 95 I15 Askim Østfold, S Norway 59°15´N 11°10´E 127 V3 Askino Respublika Bashkortostan, W Russian Federation 56°07´N 56°39´E 115 D14 Áskio m N Greece 152 L9 Askot Uttarakhand, N India 29°44´N 80°20´E 94 C12 Askvoll Sogn Og Fjordane, S Norway 61°21´N 05°04´E 136 A13 Aslan Burnu headland W Turkey 38°44´N 26°43´E 136 L16 Aslantaş Barajı d S Turkey 149 S4 Asmār var. Bar Kunar. Kunar, E Afghanistan 34°59´N 71°29´E Asmara see Asmera 80 I9 Asmera var. Asmara. a (Eritrea) C Eritrea 15°15´N 38°58´E 95 L21 Åsnen c S Sweden 115 F19 Asopós j S Greece 171 W13 Asori Papua, E Indonesia 02°37´S 136°06´E 80 G12 Āsosa Bīnishangul Gumuz, W Ethiopia 10°06´N 34°27´E 32 M10 Asotin Washington, NW USA 46°18´N 117°03´W Aspadana see Eşfahān Aspang see Aspang Markt 109 X6 Aspang Markt var. Aspang. Niederösterreich, E Austria 47°34´N 16°06´E 105 S12 Aspe Valenciana, E Spain 38°21´N 00°43´W 37 R5 Aspen Colorado, C USA 39°12´N 106°49´W 25 P6 Aspermont Texas, SW USA 33°08´N 100°14 ´W Asphaltites, Lacus see Dead Sea Aspinwall see Colón 185 C20 Aspiring, Mount l South Island, New Zealand 44°21´S 168°47´E 115 B16 Asprókavos, Akrotírio headland Kérkyra, Iónia Nísiá, Greece, C Mediterranean Sea 39°22´N 20°07´E Aspropótamos see Achelóos Assab see ‘Aseb 138 L4 As Sabkhah var. Sabkha. Ar Raqqah, NE Syria 35°30´N 35°54´E 139 U6 As Sa‘dīyah Diyālá, E Iraq 34°11´N 45°09´E Assad, Lake see Asad, Buḩayrat al 138 I8 Aş Şafā l S Syria 33°03´N 37°07´E 138 I10 Aş Şafāwī Al Mafraq, N Jordan 37°12´N 32°30´E 75 W8 Aș Șaff var. El Ṣaff. N Egypt 29°34´N 31°16´E 139 N2 Aş Şafiḩ Al Ḩasakah, N Syria 36°42´N 40°12´E Aş Şaḩrā’ ash Sharqīyah see Sahara el Sharqîya Assake see Asaka As Salamīyah see Salamīyah 141 Q4 As Sālimī var. Salemy. SW Kuwait 29°07´N 46°41´E 67 W7 ‘Assal, Lac c C Djibouti 75 T7 As Sallūm var. Salûm. NW Egypt 31°31´N 25°09´E 139 T13 As Salmān Al Muthanná, S Iraq 30°29´N 44°34´E 138 G10 As Salţ var. Salt. Al Balqā’, NW Jordan 32°03´N 35°44´E 142 M16 As Salwā var. Salwa, Salwah. S Qatar 24°44´N 50°52´E 153 V12 Assam r state NE India Assamaka see Assamakka 77 T8 Assamakka var. Assamaka. Agadez, NW Niger 19°24´N 05°53´E 139 U11 As Samāwah var. Samawa. Al Muthanná, S Iraq 31°17´N 45°06´E

30 K3

219

As sAmāwAh – AwAkino 138 J4 138 G9 21 Z5 139 O6 99 G18 99 D16 107 C20 99 E16 95 G24 99 I21 141 Y8 139 Z13 11 T17 11 V15 11 P16

60 J9 106 I13

59 P14

142 K12 141 R16 138 L5 139 U4

139 U4

141 P11 121 O13 141 Q5 141 Q16 139 N4 138 H9

138 H9

141 Z9 141 X8 139 T8

115 M23 145 Q9

142 M3

137 Y14 99 L15 106 C8

148 L16 152 H4 104 K4 32 F10 0

F8

95 J22 127 Q13

127 Q11 93 J15 65 O22 187 P15 121 P2 115 F20 119 G16 104 J2

220

As Samāwah see Al Muthannā As Saqia al Hamra see Saguia al Hamra Aş Şā‘rān Ḩamāh, C Syria 35°15´N 37°28´E Aş Şarīḩ Irbid, N Jordan 32°31´N 35°54´E Assateague Island island Maryland, NE USA As Sayyāl var. Sayyāl. Dayr az Zawr, E Syria 34°37´N 40°52´E Asse Vlaams Brabant, C Belgium 50°55´N 04°12´E Assebroek West-Vlaanderen, NW Belgium 51°12´N 03°16´E Asselle see Āsela Assemini Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 39°16´N 08°58´E Assenede Oost-Vlaanderen, NW Belgium 51°15´N 03°43´E Assens Syddtjylland, C Denmark 55°16´N 09°54´N Asserien/Asserin see Aseri Assesse Namur, SE Belgium 50°22´N 05°01´E As Sīb var. Seeb. NE Oman 23°40´N 58°03´E As Sībah var. Sibah. Al Başrah, SE Iraq 30°13´N 47°24´E Assiniboia Saskatchewan, S Canada 49°39´N 105°59´W Assiniboine j Manitoba, S Canada Assiniboine, Mount l Alberta/British Columbia, SW Canada 50°54´N 115°43´W Assiout see Asyūţ Assis São Paulo, S Brazil 22°37´S 50°25´W Assisi Umbria, C Italy 43°04´N 12°36´E Assiut see Asyūţ Assling see Jesenice Assouan see Aswān Assu var. Açu. Rio Grande do Norte, E Brazil 05°33´S 36°55´W Assuan see Aswān Aş Şubayḩīyah var. Subiyah. S Kuwait 28°55´N 47°57´E As Sufāl S Yemen 14°06´N 48°42´E As Sukhnah var. Sukhne, Fr. Soukhné. Ḩimş, C Syria 34°56´N 38°52´E As Sulaymānīyah var. Sulaimaniya, Kurd. Slêmanî. As Sulaymānīyah, NE Iraq 35°32´N 45°27´E As Sulaymānīyah off. Muḩāfaᶎat as Sulaymānīyah, off. Kurd. Parêzga-î Slêmanî, Kurd. Slêmanî. r governorate N Iraq as Sulaymānīyah, Muḩāfaᶎat see As Sulaymānīyah As Sulayyil Ar Riyāḑ, S Saudi Arabia 20°29´N 45°33´E As Sulţān N Libya 31°01´N 17°21´E Aş Şummān desert N Saudi Arabia Aş Şurrah SW Yemen 13°56´N 46°23´E Aş Şuwār var. Şuwār. Dayr az Zawr, E Syria 35°31´N 40°37´E As Suwaydā’ var. El Suweida, Es Suweida, Suweida, Fr. Soueida. As Suwaydā’, SW Syria 32°43´N 36°33´E As Suwaydā’ off. Muḩāfaat as Suwaydā’, var. As Suwaydā, Suwaydá, Suweida. r governorate S Syria As Suwayḩ NE Oman 22°07´N 59°42´E As Suwayq var. Suwaik. N Oman 23°49´N 57°30´E Aş Şuwayrah var. Suwaira. Wāsiţ, E Iraq 32°57´N 44°47´E As Suways see Suez Asta Colonia see Asti Astacus see İzmit Astakída island SE Greece Astana prev. Akmola, Akmolinsk, Tselinograd, Aqmola. a (Kazakhstan) Akmola, N Kazakhstan 51°13´N 71°25´E Āstāneh var. Āstāneh-ye Ashrafīyeh. Gīlān, NW Iran 37°17´N 49°58´E Āstāneh-ye Ashrafīyeh see Āstāneh Asta Pompeia see Asti Astara S Azerbaijan 38°28´N 48°51´E Astarabad see Gorgān Asten Noord-Brabant, SE Netherlands 51°24´N 05°45´E Asterābād see Gorgān Asti anc. Asta Colonia, Asta Pompeia, Hasta Colonia, Hasta Pompeia. Piemonte, NW Italy 44°54´N 08°11´E Astigi see Ecija Astipálaia see Astypálaia Astola Island island SW Pakistan Astor Jammu and Kashmir, NW India 35°21´N 74°52´E Astorga anc. Asturica Augusta. Castilla y León, N Spain 42°27´N 06°04´W Astoria Oregon, NW USA 46°12´N 123°50´W Astoria Fan undersea feature E Pacific Ocean 45°15´N 126°15´W Åstorp Skåne, S Sweden 56°09´N 12°57´E Astrabad see Gorgān Astrakhan’ Astrakhanskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 46°20´N 48°01´E Astrakhan-Bazar see Cälilabad Astrakhanskaya Oblast’ r province SW Russian Federation Åsträsk Västerbotten, N Sweden 64°38´N 20°00´E Astrida see Butare Astrid Ridge undersea feature S Atlantic Ocean Astrolabe, Récifs de l’ reef C New Caledonia Astromerítis N Cyprus 35°09´N 33°02´E Ástros Pelopónnisos, S Greece 37°24´N 22°43´E Astryna Rus. Ostryna. Hrodzyenskaya Voblasts’, W Belarus 53°44´N 24°33´E Asturias r autonomous community NW Spain

Asturias see Oviedo Asturica Augusta see Astorga 115 L22 Astypálaia var. Astipálaia, It. Stampalia. island Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea 192 G16 Āsuisui, Cape headland Savai‘i, W Samoa 195 S2

13°44´S 172°29´W

Asuka Japanese research station Antarctica 71°49´S 23°52´E

62 O6 Asunción a (Paraguay) Central, S Paraguay 62 O6 188 K3 42 E6

Asunción, Río j NW Mexico M18 Åsunden c S Sweden K11 Asvyeya Rus. Osveya. Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’, N Belarus 56°00´N 28°05´E Aswa see Achwa X11 Aswān var. Assouan, Assuan, Aswân; anc. Syene. SE Egypt 24°03´N 32°59´E Aswân see Aswān Aswan Dam see Khazzān Aswān W9 Asyūţ var. Assiout, Assiut, Asyût, Siut; anc. Lycopolis. C Egypt 27°06´N 31°11´E Asyût see Asyūţ W15 Ata island Tongatapu Group, SW Tonga G8 Atacama off. Región de Atacama. r region C Chile Atacama Desert see Atacama, Desierto de H4 Atacama, Desierto de Eng. Atacama Desert. desert N Chile I6 Atacama, Puna de m NW Argentina Atacama, Región de see Atacama I5 Atacama, Salar de salt lake N Chile E11 Ataco Tolima, C Colombia 03°36´N 75°23´W H8 Atafu Atoll island NW Tokelau H8 Atafu Village Atafu Atoll, NW Tokelau 08°40´S 172°40´W K12 Atakor m SE Algeria R14 Atakora, Chaîne de l’ var. Atakora Mountains. m N Benin Atakora Mountains see Atakora, Chaîne de l’ R16 Atakpamé C Togo 07°32´N 01°08´E F11 Atakui Ahal Welaýaty, C Turkmenistan 40°04´N 58°03´E B13 Atalaia do Norte Amazonas, N Brazil 04°22´S 70°10´W M14 Atamyrat prev. Kerki. Lebap Welaýaty, E Turkmenistan 37°52´N 65°06´E I7 Aṭâr Adrar, W Mauritania 20°30´N 13°03´W G10 Atas Bogd l SW Mongolia 43°17´N 96°47´E P12 Atascadero California, W USA 35°28´N 120°40´W S13 Atascosa River j Texas, SW USA R11 Atasu Karaganda, C Kazakhstan 48°42´N 71°38´E R12 Atasu j Karaganda, C Kazakhstan V15 Atata island Tongatapu Group, S Tonga H10 Atatürk k (İstanbul) İstanbul, NW Turkey 40°58´N 28°50´E N16 Atatürk Barajī d S Turkey O23 Atavýros prev. Attavyros. Ródos, Dodekánisa, Aegean Sea 36°10´N 27°50´E O23 Atávyros prev. Attávyros. l Ródos, Dodekánisa, Greece, Aegean Sea 36°10´N 27°50´E Atax see Aude G8 Atbara var. ‘Aţbārah. River Nile, NE Sudan 17°42´N 34°E H8 Atbara var. Nahr ‘Aţbarah. j Eritrea/Sudan ‘Aţbārah/‘Aţbarah, Nahr see Atbara P9 Atbasar Akmola, N Kazakhstan 51°49´N 68°18´E At-Bashi see At-Bashy W9 At-Bashy var. At-Bashi. Narynskaya Oblast’, C Kyrgyzstan 41°07´N 75°48´E I10 Atchafalaya Bay bay Louisiana, S USA I8 Atchafalaya River j Louisiana, S USA Atchin see Aceh Q3 Atchison Kansas, C USA 39°31´N 95°07´W P16 Atebubu C Ghana 07°47´N 01°00´W Q6 Ateca Aragón, NE Spain 41°20´N 01°49´W K11 Atengo, Río j C Mexico Aternum see Pescara K15 Atessa Abruzzo, C Italy 42°03´N 14°25´E Ateste see Este E19 Ath var. Aat. Hainaut, SW Belgium 50°38´N 03°47´E Q13 Athabasca Alberta, SW Canada 54°44´N 113°15´W Q12 Athabasca var. Athabaska. j Alberta, SW Canada R10 Athabasca, Lake c Alberta/ Saskatchewan, SW Canada Athabaska see Athabasca C16 Athamánon m C Greece F17 Athboy Ir. Baile Átha Buí. E Ireland 53°38´N 06°55´W Athenae see Athína C18 Athenry Ir. Baile Átha an Rí. W Ireland 53°19´N 08°49´W P2 Athens Alabama, S USA 34°48´N 86°58´W T3 Athens Georgia, SE USA 33°57´N 83°24´W T14 Athens Ohio, N USA 39°20´N 82°06´W M10 Athens Tennessee, S USA 35°27´N 84°38´W V7 Athens Texas, SW USA 32°12´N 95°51´W Athens see Athína B18 Athéras, Akrotírio headland Kefalloniá, Iónia Nísiá, Greece, C Mediterranean Sea 38°20´N 20°24´E W4 Atherton Queensland, NE Australia 17°18´S 145°29´E

40 E3 95 118

75

75

193 62

62 62

62 54 190 190 74 77

77 146 58 146 76 162 35 25 145 145 193 136 137 115 115

80 80

145 147 22 22 27 77 105 40 107 99 11 11 11 115 97 97 23 23 31 20 25 115

181

25°17´S 57°36´W Asunción k Central, S Paraguay 25°15´S 57°40´W Asuncion Island island N Northern Mariana Islands Asunción Mita Jutiapa, SE Guatemala 14°20´N 89°42´W Asunción Nochixtlán see Nochixtlán

Country Country Capital

81 I19 Athi j S Kenya 121 Q2 Athiénou SE Cyprus 115 H19

139 S10 97 D18 155 F16 185 C23 19 N11 115 I15

141 P5 99 L25 97 E19 78 I10 81 F16 57 G17 105 O6 39 Q6 12 B12

35°01´N 33°31´E Athína Eng. Athens, prev. Athínai; anc. Athenae. a (Greece) Attikí, C Greece 37°59´N 23°44´E Athínai see Athína Athīyah An Najaf, C Iraq 32°01´N 44°04´E Athlone Ir. Baile Átha Luain. C Ireland 53°25´N 07°56´W Athni Karnātaka, W India 16°43´N 75°04´E Athol Southland, South Island, New Zealand 45°30´S 168°35´E Athol Massachusetts, NE USA 42°35´N 72°11´W Áthos l NE Greece 40°10´N 24°21´E Athos, Mount see Ágion Óros Ath Thawrah see Madīnat ath Thawrah Ath Thumāmī spring/well N Saudi Arabia 27°56´N 45°06´E Athus Luxembourg, SE Belgium 49°34´N 05°50´E Athy Ir. Baile Átha Í. C Ireland 52°59´N 06°59´W Ati Batha, C Chad 13°11´N 18°20´E Atiak NW Uganda 03°14´N 32°05´E Atico Arequipa, SW Peru 16°13´S 73°13´W Atienza Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 41°12´N 02°52´W Atigun Pass pass Alaska, USA Atikokan Ontario, S Canada 48°45´N 91°38´W

13 O9 Atikonak Lac c Newfoundland and Labrador, E Canada 42 C6 Atitlán, Lago de c W Guatemala 190 L16 Atiu island S Cook Islands Atjeh see Aceh 123 T9 Atka Magadanskaya Oblast’, E Russian Federation 60°45´N 151°35´E

38 H17 Atka Atka Island, Alaska, USA 52°12´N 174°14´W 38 H17 Atka Island island Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA 127 O7 Atkarsk Saratovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 52°15´N 43°48´E

27 U11 Atkins Arkansas, C USA 29 O13 171 T12 41 O13

23 S3 31 R6 25 X6 29 T15 21 Y10 23 W8 18 J17

35°15´N 92°56´W Atkinson Nebraska, C USA 42°31´N 98°57´W Atkri Papua Barat, E Indonesia 01°45´S 130°04´E Atlacomulco var. Atlacomulco de Fabela. México, C Mexico 19°49´N 99°54´W Atlacomulco de Fabela see Atlacomulco Atlanta state capital Georgia, SE USA 33°45´N 84°23´W Atlanta Michigan, N USA 45°01´N 84°07´W Atlanta Texas, SW USA 33°06´N 94°09´W Atlantic Iowa, C USA 41°24´N 95°00´W Atlantic North Carolina, SE USA 34°52´N 76°20´W Atlantic Beach Florida, SE USA 30°19´N 81°24´W Atlantic City New Jersey, NE USA 39°23´N 74°27´W

172 L14 Atlantic-Indian Basin undersea feature SW Indian Ocean 60°00´S 15°00´E 172 K13 Atlantic-Indian Ridge undersea feature SW Indian Ocean 53°00´S 15°00´E 54 E4 Atlántico off. Departamento del Atlántico. r province NW Colombia 64-65 Atlantic Ocean ocean Atlántico, Departamento del see Atlántico 42 K7 Atlántico Norte, Región Autónoma prev. Zelaya Norte. r autonomous region NE Nicaragua 42 L10 Atlántico Sur, Región Autónoma prev. Zelaya Sur. r autonomous region SE Nicaragua 42 I5 Atlántida r department N Honduras 77 Y15 Atlantika Mountains m E Nigeria 64 J10 Atlantis Fracture Zone tectonic feature NW Atlantic Ocean 74 H7 Atlas Mountains m NW Africa 123 V11 Atlasova, Ostrov island SE Russian Federation 123 V10 Atlasovo Kamchatskiy Kray, E Russian Federation

Atoyac de Alvarez see Atoyac 41 P15 Atoyac, Río j S Mexico 39 O5 Atqasuk Alaska, USA 70°28´N 157°24´W

Atrak/Atrak, Rūd-e see Etrek 95 J20 Ätran j S Sweden 54 C7 Atrato, Río j NW Colombia Atrek see Etrek 107 K14 Atri Abruzzo, C Italy 165 P9 165 S3 143 Q17 138 G12 138 G12 140 L10 23 Q3 138 L2

138 L7 163 N9 167 T10 139 S10 12 G9 12 F9

12 D9 Attawapiskat Lake c Ontario, C Canada At Taybé see ayyibah 101 F16 Attendorn NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 109 R5 109 R5 99 L24 138 M4 31 N13 18 E10

18°55´N 98°26´W

52°53´N 173°18´E

139 Y12 Aţ ūbah Al Başrah, E Iraq

141 N17 62 I12 191 X7 95 M18 35 P9 29 T8 26 I2 31 U12 127 P5 144 F12 144 E11

108 J7 186 B4

103 Q6 103 R6 99 L19

27 P12 Atoka Oklahoma, C USA

103 O8

27 O12 Atoka Lake var. Atoka Reservoir. d Oklahoma, C USA Atoka Reservoir see Atoka Lake 33 Q14 Atomic City Idaho, NW USA

103 O13

43°26´N 112°48´W

40 L10 Atotonilco Zacatecas, C Mexico 24°12´N 102°46´W Atotonilco see Atotonilco el Alto 40 M13 Atotonilco el Alto var. Atotonilco. Jalisco, SW Mexico 20°35´N 102°30´W 77 N7 Atouila, ‘Erg desert N Mali 41 N16 Atoyac var. Atoyac de Alvarez. Guerrero, S Mexico 17°12´N 100°28´W

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

118 E10 102 L15 77 U16 23 T9 184 L6 184 K5 184 L6 192 J12

103 O16 103 N16 102 E6 102 E6 103 U7 118 G5 29 T14 101 N17 100 H12 100 L9 101 M17

99 L25

103 Q13

103 O13 36 J10 23 R5 35 P6 30 K14 31 Q11 20 J7 19 P8

11°34´N 78°39´E At Turbah SW Yemen 12°42´N 43°31´E Atuel, Río j C Argentina Atuona Hiva Oa, NE French Polynesia 09°47´S 139°03´W Aturus see Adour Åtvidaberg Östergötland, S Sweden 58°12´N 16°00´E Atwater California, W USA 37°19´N 120°33´W Atwater Minnesota, N USA 45°08´N 94°48´W Atwood Kansas, C USA 39°48´N 101°03´W Atwood Lake d Ohio, N USA Atyashevo Respublika Mordoviya, W Russian Federation 54°36´N 46°04´E Atyrau prev. Gur’yev. Atyrau, W Kazakhstan 47°07´N 51°56´E Atyrau off. Atyrauskaya Oblast’, var.Kaz. Atyraū Oblysy; prev. Gur’yevskaya Oblast’. r province W Kazakhstan

Atyraū Oblysy/ Atyrauskaya Oblast’ see Atyrau Atyrauskaya Oblast’ see Atyrau Au Vorarlberg, NW Austria 47°19´N 10°01´E Aua Island island NW Papua New Guinea Aubagne anc. Albania. Bouches-du-Rhône, SE France 43°17´N 05°35´E Aubange Luxembourg, SE Belgium 49°35´N 05°49´E Aube r department N France Aube j N France Aubel Liège, E Belgium 50°45´N 05°49´E Aubenas Ardèche, E France 44°37´N 04°24´E Aubigny-sur-Nère Cher, C France 47°30´N 02°27´E Aubin Aveyron, S France 44°30´N 02°18´E Aubrac, Monts d’ m S France Aubrey Cliffs cliff Arizona, SW USA Auburn Alabama, S USA 32°37´N 85°30´W Auburn California, W USA 38°53´N 121°03´W Auburn Illinois, N USA 39°35´N 89°45´W Auburn Indiana, N USA 41°22´N 85°03´W Auburn Kentucky, S USA 36°52´N 86°42´W Auburn Maine, NE USA 44°05´N 70°15´W

Administrative Regions International Airport

45°58´N 02°10´E Auce Ger. Autz. SW Latvia 56°28´N 22°54´E Auch Lat. Augusta Auscorum, Elimberrum. Gers, S France 43°40´N 00°37´E Auchi Edo, S Nigeria 07°01´N 06°17´E Aucilla River j Florida/ Georgia, SE USA Auckland Auckland, North Island, New Zealand 36°53´S 174°46´E Auckland off. Auckland Region. r region North Island, New Zealand Auckland k Auckland, North Island, New Zealand 37°01´S 174°49´E Auckland Islands island group S New Zealand Auckland Region see Auckland Aude r department S France Aude anc. Atax. j S France Audenarde see Oudenaarde Audern see Audru Audierne Finistère, NW France 48°01´N 04°30´W Audierne, Baie d’ bay NW France Audincourt Doubs, E France 47°29´N 06°50´E Audru Ger. Audern. Pärnumaa, SW Estonia 58°24´N 24°22´E Audubon Iowa, C USA 41°44´N 94°56´W Aue Sachsen, E Germany 50°35´N 12°42´E Aue j NW Germany Auerbach Bayern, SE Germany 49°41´N 11°41´E Auerbach Sachsen, E Germany 50°30´N 12°24´E

108 I10 Auererrhein j SW Switzerland 101 N17 Auersberg l E Germany 50°30´N 12°42´E

181 W9 Augathella Queensland, E Australia 25°54´S 146°38´E 31 Q12 Auglaize River j Ohio, N USA 83 F22 Augrabies Falls waterfall W South Africa 31 R7 Au Gres River j Michigan, N USA Augsbourg see Augsburg 101 K22 Augsburg Fr. Augsbourg; anc. Augusta Vindelicorum. Bayern, S Germany 180 107 27 23 27 19 33

28°14´N 33°36´E

101 J20 Atmühl j S Germany 94 H11 Atna j S Norway 164 E13 Atō Yamaguchi, Honshū, SW Japan 34°24´N 131°42´E 57 L21 Atocha Potosí, S Bolivia 34°22´N 96°08´W

42°55´N 76°31´W

32 H8 Auburn Washington, NW USA 47°18´N 122°13´W 103 N11 Aubusson Creuse, C France

155 I21 Āttūr Tamil Nādu, SE India

103 S16

20°55´S 66°14´W

30°29´N 47°28´E

40°23´N 95°50´W

18 H10 Auburn New York, NE USA

Aţ ubayq plain Jordan/ Saudi Arabia 38 C16 Attu Island island Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA 75 X8 Aţ Ţūr var. El Ṭûr. NE Egypt 140 K4

94 B11 Atløyna island S Norway 155 I17 Ātmakūr Andhra Pradesh, C India 15°52´N 78°42´E 23 O8 Atmore Alabama, S USA 31°01´N 87°29´W

51°07´N 07°54´E Attersee Salzburg, NW Austria 47°55´N 13°31´E Attersee c N Austria Attert Luxembourg, SE Belgium 49°45´N 05°47´E At Tibnī var. Tibnī. Dayr az Zawr, NE Syria 35°30´N 39°48´E Attica Indiana, N USA 40°17´N 87°15´W Attica New York, NE USA 42°51´N 78°13´W Attica see Attikí

13 N7 Attikamagen Lake c Newfoundland and Labrador, E Canada 115 H20 Attikí Eng. Attica. r region C Greece 19 O12 Attleboro Massachusetts, NE USA 41°55´N 71°15´W 109 R5 Attnang Oberösterreich, N Austria 48°02´N 13°44´E 149 U6 Attock City Punjab, E Pakistan 33°52´N 72°20´E Attopeu see Attapu 25 X8 Attoyac River j Texas, SW USA 38 D16 Attu Attu Island, Alaska, USA

55°42´N 159°35´E

120 G11 Atlas Saharien var. Saharan Atlas. m Algeria/Morocco Atlas, Tell see Atlas Tellien 120 H10 Atlas Tellien Eng. Tell Atlas. m N Algeria 10 I9 Atlin British Columbia, W Canada 59°31´N 133°41´W 10 I9 Atlin Lake c British Columbia, W Canada 41 P14 Atlixco Puebla, S Mexico

42°35´N 13°59´E Atria see Adria Atsumi Yamagata, Honshū, C Japan 38°38´N 139°36´E Atsuta Hokkaidō, NE Japan 43°28´N 141°24´E Aţ aff desert C United Arab Emirates Aţ afīlah var. Et Tafila, Tafila. Aţ afīlah, W Jordan 30°52´N 35°36´E Aţ afīlah off. Muḩāfaat aţ afīlah. r governorate W Jordan Aţ ā’if Makkah, W Saudi Arabia 21°50´N 40°50´E Attaleia/Attalia see Antalya Attalla Alabama, S USA 34°01´N 86°05´W At Tall al Abyaḑ var. Tall al Abyaḑ, Tell Abyad, Fr. Tell Abiad. Ar Raqqah, N Syria 36°36´N 34°00´E At Ta’mīm see Kirkūk Aţ anf Ḩimş, S Syria 33°29´N 38°39´E Attanshiree Dornogovĭ, SE Mongolia 45°36´N 110°30´E Attapu var. Attopeu, Samakhixai. Attapu, S Laos 14°48´N 106°51´E At aqţaqānah An Najaf, C Iraq 32°03´N 43°54´E Attávyros see Atávyros Attawapiskat Ontario, C Canada 52°55´N 82°26´W Attawapiskat j Ontario, S Canada

19 N11 Auburn Massachusetts, NE USA 42°11´N 71°47´W 29 S16 Auburn Nebraska, C USA

95

39

48°22´N 10°54´E I14 Augusta Western Australia 34°18´S 115°10´E L25 Augusta It. Agosta. Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 37°14´N 15°14´E W11 Augusta Arkansas, C USA 35°16´N 91°21´W V3 Augusta Georgia, SE USA 33°29´N 81°58´W O6 Augusta Kansas, C USA 37°40´N 96°59´W Q7 Augusta state capital Maine, NE USA 44°20´N 69°44´W Q8 Augusta Montana, NW USA 47°28´N 112°23´W Augusta see London Augusta Auscorum see Auch Augusta Emerita see Mérida Augusta Praetoria see Aosta Augusta Suessionum see Soissons Augusta Trajana see Stara Zagora Augusta Treverorum see Trier Augusta Vangionum see Worms Augusta Vindelicorum see Augsburg G24 Augustenborg Ger. Augustenburg. Syddanmark, SW Denmark 54°57´N 09°53´E Augustenburg see Augustenborg Q13 Augustine Island island Alaska, USA

14 L9

110 O8

110 O8

180 I9

186 M9 21 W8 180 L7

144 M8

106 E10 102 F6 37 T3 95 F22 103 N3

77 T14 166 L6

Augustines, Lac des c Québec, SE Canada Augustobona Tricassium see Troyes Augustodunum see Autun Augustodurum see Bayeux Augustoritum Lemovicensium see Limoges Augustów Rus. Avgustov. Podlaskie, NE Poland 53°52´N 22°58´E Augustow Canal see Augustowski, Kanał Augustowski, Kanał Eng. Augustow Canal, Rus. Avgustovskiy Kanal. canal NE Poland Augustus, Mount l Western Australia 24°42´S 117°42´E Aujuittuq see Grise Fiord Auki Malaita, N Solomon Islands 08°48´S 160°45´E Aulander North Carolina, SE USA 36°15´N 77°16´W Auld, Lake salt lake C Western Australia Aulie Ata/Auliye-Ata see Taraz Äūlīeköl see Auliyekol’ Auliyekol’ Kaz. Äūlīeköl; prev. Semiozernoye. Kostanay, N Kazakhstan 52°22´N 64°06´E Aulla Toscana, C Italy 44°15´N 10°00´E Aulne j NW France Aulong see Ulong Ault Colorado, C USA 40°34´N 104°43´W Aulum var. avlum. Midtjylland, C Denmark 56°16´N 08°48´E Aumale Seine-Maritime, N France 49°45´N 01°43´E Auminzatau, Gory see Ovminzatovo Tog‘lari Auna Niger, W Nigeria 10°13´N 04°43´E Aunglan var. Allanmyo, Myaydo. Magway, C Myanmar (Burma) 19°25´N 95°13´E

Mountain Mountain Range

95 H21 Auning Midtjylland, C Denmark 56°26´N 10°23´E 192 K17 ‘Aunu‘u Island island W American Samoa 83 E20 Auob var. Oup. j Namibia/South Africa 93 K19 Aura Varsinais-Suomi, SW Finland 60°37´N 22°35´E 109 R5 Aurach j N Austria Aural, Phnom see Aôral, Phnum 153 O14 Aurangābād Bihār, N India

24°46´N 84°23´E 154 F13 Aurangābād Mahārāshtra, C India 19°52´N 75°22´E 189 V7 Aur Atoll atoll E Marshall Islands 102 G7 Auray Morbihan, NW France 47°40´N 02°59´W 94 G13 Aurdal Oppland, S Norway 60°51´N 09°25´E 94 F8 Aure Møre og Romsdal, S Norway 63°16´N 08°31´E 29 T12 Aurelia Iowa, C USA 42°42´N 95°26´W Aurelia Aquensis see Baden-Baden Aurelianum see Orléans

120 J10 Aurès, Massif de l’ m NE Algeria 100 F10 Aurich Niedersachsen, NW Germany 53°28´N 07°28´E 103 O13 Aurillac Cantal, C France

14 H15 55 S8 37 T4 30 M11 31 Q15 29 W4 27 S8 29 P16 36 J5

94 F10 94 I9 83 D21 14 E16 31 O3 31 S7 31 R6

44°56´N 02°26´E Aurine, Alpi see Zillertaler Alpen Aurium see Ourense Aurora Ontario, S Canada 44°00´N 79°26´W Aurora NW Guyana 06°46´N 59°45´W Aurora Colorado, C USA 39°42´N 104°51´W Aurora Illinois, N USA 41°46´N 88°19´W Aurora Indiana, N USA 39°01´N 84°55´W Aurora Minnesota, N USA 47°31´N 92°14´W Aurora Missouri, C USA 36°58´N 93°43´W Aurora Nebraska, C USA 40°52´N 98°00´W Aurora Utah, W USA 38°55´N 111°55´W Aurora see San Francisco, Philippines Aurora see Maéwo, Vanuatu Aursjøen c S Norway Aursunden c S Norway Aus Karas, SW Namibia 26°38´S 16°19´E Ausa see Vic Ausable j Ontario, S Canada Au Sable Point headland Michigan, N USA 46°40´N 86°08´W Au Sable Point headland Michigan, N USA 44°19´N 83°20´W Au Sable River j Michigan, N USA

57 H16 Ausangate, Nevado l C Peru 13°47´S 71°13´W Auschwitz see Oświęcim Ausculum Apulum see Ascoli Satriano 105 Q4 Ausejo La Rioja, N Spain 42°21´N 02°10´W

Auxerre anc. Autesiodorum, Autissiodorum. Yonne, C France 47°48´N 03°35´E 103 N2 Auxi-le-Château Pas-de-Calais, N France 103 P7

Auxonne Côte d’Or, C France

55 P9

Auyan Tebuy l SE Venezuela 05°48´N 62°27´W 46°01´N 02°29´E

27 U8 Ava Missouri, C USA 36°57´N 92°39´W

142 M5 Āvaj Qazvin, N Iran 95 C15 Avaldsnes Rogaland, S Norway 59°21´N 05°16´E 103 Q8 Avallon Yonne, C France

33°20´N 118°19´W

18 J17 Avalon New Jersey, NE USA 39°04´N 74°42´W

13 V13 Avalon Peninsula peninsula Newfoundland and Labrador, E Canada Avanersuaq see Avannaarsua Avannaarsua var Avanersuaq, Dan. Nordgrønland. r province N Greenland 60 K10 Avaré São Paulo, S Brazil 23°06´S 48°57´W

Avaricum see Bourges 190 H16 Avarua q (Cook Islands) Rarotonga, S Cook Islands 21°12´S 159°46´E

190 H16 Avarua Harbour harbour Rarotonga, S Cook Islands Avasfelsőfalu see Negreşti-Oaş 38 L17 Avatanak Island island Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA 190 B16 Avatele S Niue 19°06´S 169°55´E

190 H15 Avatiu Harbour harbour Rarotonga, S Cook Islands Avdeyevka see Avdiyivka 114 J13 Ávdira Anatolikí Makedonía kai Thráki, NE Greece 117 X8

104 G6 104 G7 104 G7 99 D18 61 D20 107 L17 35 Q12 94 E8 107 K17 33 N9

29

64 G12

25 180 31 25

191 T14

175 Y11 174 M8 181 O7

183 Q12 183 R11

109 T6

92 K3 92 G10 58 G13 102 M16 103 N2 40 K14

103 Q9

99 H20 103 P11 102 M12

Volcano River

Australes et Antarctiques Françaises, Terres see French Southern and Antarctic Lands Australes, Îles var. Archipel des Australes, Îles Tubuai, Tubuai Islands, Eng. Austral Islands. island group SW French Polynesia Austral Fracture Zone tectonic feature S Pacific Ocean Australia continent Australia off. Commonwealth of Australia. b commonwealth republic Australia, Commonwealth of see Australia Australian Alps m SE Australia Australian Capital Territory prev. Federal Capital Territory. r territory SE Australia Australie, Bassin Nord de l’ see North Australian Basin Austral Islands see Australes, Îles Austrava see Ostrov Austria off. Republic of Austria, Ger. Österreich. b republic C Europe Austria, Republic of see Austria Austurland r region SE Iceland Austvågøya island C Norway Ausuitoq see Grise Fiord Autazes Amazonas, N Brazil 03°37´S 59°08´W Auterive Haute-Garonne, S France 43°22´N 01°28´E Autesiodorum see Auxerre Authie j N France Autissiodorum see Auxerre Autlán var. Autlán de Navarro. Jalisco, SW Mexico 19°48´N 104°20´W Autlán de Navarro see Autlán Autricum see Chartres Autun anc. Ædua, Augustodunum. Saône-etLoire, C France 46°58´N 04°18´E Autz see Auce Auvelais Namur, S Belgium 50°27´N 04°38´E Auvergne r region C France Auvézère j W France

Lake Reservoir

47°30´N 03°54´E

Avaloirs, Mont des l NW France 48°27´N 00°11´W 35 S16 Avalon Santa Catalina Island, California, W USA 102 K6

25 W5

35

47°12´N 05°22´E

103 O10 Auzances Creuse, C France

108 H7 Ausser Rhoden r canton NE Switzerland Aussig see Ústí nad Labem 95 F17 Aust-Agder r county S Norway 92 P2 Austfonna glacier NE Svalbard 31 P15 Austin Indiana, N USA

38°45´N 85°48´W W11 Austin Minnesota, N USA 43°40´N 92°58´W U5 Austin Nevada, W USA 39°30´N 117°05´W S10 Austin state capital Texas, SW USA 30°16´N 97°45´W J10 Austin, Lake salt lake Western Australia V11 Austintown Ohio, N USA 41°06´N 80°45´W V9 Austonio Texas, SW USA 31°09´N 95°39´W Australes, Archipel des see Australes, Îles

50°14´N 02°06´E

103 S8

103 Q2

95 M14 103 O14 103 N14 107 J15 115 D16

96 J9 185 F21 103 R15 104 M7

104 L8 104 K2 118 J4 104 H10 182 M11 29 T14 182 M11 107 L25 18 F10 29 P12 97 M23 97 L20 36 K13 23 X13 102 J5 186 M6 103 O3 77 O17 141 X8 184 L9

40°58´N 24°58´E Avdiyivka Rus. Avdeyevka. Donets’ka Oblast’, SE Ukraine 48°06´N 37°46´E Avdzaga see Gurvanbulag Ave j N Portugal Aveiro anc. Talabriga. Aveiro, W Portugal 40°38´N 08°40´W Aveiro r district N Portugal Avela see Ávila Avelgem West-Vlaanderen, W Belgium 50°46´N 03°25´E Avellaneda Buenos Aires, E Argentina 34°43´S 58°23´W Avellino anc. Abellinum. Campania, S Italy 40°54´N 14°46´E Avenal California, W USA 36°00´N 120°07´W Avenio see Avignon Averoya island S Norway Aversa Campania, S Italy 40°58´N 14°13´E Avery Idaho, NW USA 47°14´N 115°48´W Avery Texas, SW USA 33°33´N 94°46´W Aves, Islas de see Las Aves, Islas Avesnes see Avesnes-sur-Helpe Avesnes-sur-Helpe var. Avesnes. Nord, N France 50°08´N 03°57´E Aves Ridge undersea feature SE Caribbean Sea 14°00´N 63°30´W Avesta Dalarna, C Sweden 60°09´N 16°10´E Aveyron r department S France Aveyron j S France Avezzano Abruzzo, C Italy 42°02´N 13°26´E Avgó l C Greece 39°31´N 21°24´E Avgustov see Augustów Avgustovskiy Kanal see Augustowski, Kanał Aviemore N Scotland, United Kingdom 57°06´N 04°01´W Aviemore, Lake c South Island, New Zealand Avignon anc. Avenio. Vaucluse, SE France 43°57´N 04°49´E Ávila var. Avila; anc. Abela, Abula, Abyla, Avela. Castilla y León, C Spain 40°39´N 04°42´W Ávila r province Castilla y León, C Spain Avilés Asturias, NW Spain 43°33´N 05°55´W Avinurme Ger. Awwinorm. Ida-Virumaa, NE Estonia 58°58´N 26°53´E Avis Portalegre, C Portugal 39°03´N 07°53´W Avlum see Aulum Avoca Victoria, SE Australia 37°09´S 143°34´E Avoca Iowa, C USA 41°27´N 95°20´W Avoca River j Victoria, SE Australia Avola Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 36°54´N 15°08´E Avon New York, NE USA 42°53´N 77°41´W Avon South Dakota, N USA 43°00´N 98°03´W Avon j S England, United Kingdom Avon j C England, United Kingdom Avondale Arizona, SW USA 33°25´N 112°20´W Avon Park Florida, SE USA 27°36´N 81°30´W Avranches Manche, N France 48°42´N 01°21´W Avveel see Ivalojoki, Finland Avuavu var. Kolotambu. Guadalcanal, C Solomon Islands 09°52´S 160°25´E Avure j N France Avveel see Ivalo, Finland Avvil see Ivalo Awaaso var. Awaso. SW Ghana 06°10´N 02°18´W Awābī var. Al ‘Awābī. NE Oman 23°20´N 57°35´E Awakino Waikato, North Island, New Zealand 38°40´S 174°37´E

‘Awālī – BAi 142 M15 ‘Awālī C Bahrain

14 F17 Aylmer Ontario, S Canada

99 K19 Awans Liège, E Belgium

14 L12 Aylmer Québec, SE Canada

26°07´N 50°33´E

184 I2

50°39´N 05°30´E

Awanui Northland, North Island, New Zealand 35°01´S 173°16´E

148 M14 Awārān Baluchistān, SW Pakistan 26°31´N 65°10´E 81 K16 Awara Plain plain NE Kenya 80 M13 Āwarē Sumalē, E Ethiopia 08°12´N 44°09´E

42°46´N 80°57´W 45°23´N 75°51´W

15 R12 Aylmer, Lac c Québec, SE Canada 8 L9 Aylmer Lake c Northwest Territories, NW Canada 145 V14 Aynabulak Kaz. Aynabulaq. Almaty, SE Kazakhstan

138 M6 ‘Awāriḑ, Wādī dry watercourse E Syria 185 B20 Awarua Point headland South Island, New Zealand

138 K2

81 J14 Āwasa Southern Nationalities, S Ethiopia

147 P12

44°15´S 168°03´E 06°54´N 38°26´E

80 K13 Āwash Āfar, NE Ethiopia 08°59´N 40°16´E

139 V12

140 M10

80 K12 Āwash var. Hawash. j C Ethiopia Awaso see Awaaso 158 H7 Awat Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China

21 U12

185 J15 Awatere j South Island, New Zealand 75 O10 Awbārī SW Libya

123 S6

75 N9 Awbāri, Idhān var. Edeyen d’Oubari. desert Algeria/Libya 80 M12 Awdal off. Gobolka Awdal. r  N Somalia 80 C13 Aweil Northern Bahr el Ghazal, NW South Sudan

77 Q11

40°36´N 80°22´E

26°35´N 12°46´E

08°42´N 27°20´E

96 H11 Awe, Loch c W Scotland, United Kingdom 77 U16 Awka Anambra, SW Nigeria 06°12´N 07°04´E

139 Q7 153 N12

105 R11

79 E16 76 L5 76 K10

39 O6 Awuna River j Alaska, USA Awwinorm see Avinurme Ax see Dax Axarfjördhur see Öxarfjörður 103 N17 Axat Aude, S France

96 I13

99 F16 Axel Zeeland, SW Netherlands

80 L12

42°47´N 02°14´E

Axel Heiberg Island var. Axel Heiburg. island Nunavut, N Canada Axel Heiburg see Axel Heiberg Island O17 Axim S Ghana 04°53´N 02°14´W F13 Axiós var. Vardar. j Greece/FYR Macedonia see also Vardar Axiós see Vardar N17 Ax-les-Thermes Ariège, S France 42°43´N 01°49´E D11 Ayachi, Jbel l C Morocco 32°30´N 05°00´W D22 Ayacucho Buenos Aires, E Argentina 37°09´S 58°30´W F15 Ayacucho Ayacucho, S Peru 13°10´S 74°15´W E16 Ayacucho off. Departamento de Ayacucho. r department SW Peru Ayacucho, Departamento de see Ayacucho W11 Ayagoz var. Ayaguz, Kaz. Ayaköz; prev. Sergiopol. Vostochnyy Kazakhstan, E Kazakhstan 47°54´N 80°25´E V12 Ayagoz var. Ayaguz, Kaz. Ayakoz. j E Kazakhstan Ayaguz see Ayagoz Ayakagytma see Oyoqog‘itma Ayakkuduk see Oyoqquduq L10 Ayakkum Hu c NW China Ayaköz see Ayagoz H14 Ayamonte Andalucía, S Spain 37°13´N 07°24´W S11 Ayan Khabarovskiy Kray, E Russian Federation 56°27´N 138°09´E J10 Ayancık Sinop, N Turkey 41°56´N 34°35´E S9 Ayanganna Mountain l C Guyana 05°21´N 59°54´W U16 Ayangba Kogi, C Nigeria 07°36´N 07°10´E U7 Ayanka Krasnoyarskiy Kray, E Russian Federation 63°42´N 167°31´E E7 Ayapel Córdoba, NW Colombia 08°16´N 75°10´W H12 Ayaş Ankara, N Turkey 40°02´N 32°21´E I16 Ayaviri Puno, S Peru 14°53´S 70°35´W Āybak see Aibak N10 Aydarko‘l Ko‘li Rus. Ozero Aydarkul’. c C Uzbekistan Aydarkul’, Ozero see Aydarko‘l Ko‘li W10 Ayden North Carolina, SE USA 35°28´N 77°25´W C15 Aydın var. Aïdin; anc. Tralles Aydin. Aydın, SW Turkey 37°51´N 27°51´E C15 Aydın var. Aïdin. r province SW Turkey I17 Aydıncık İçel, S Turkey 36°08´N 33°17´E C15 Aydın Dağları m W Turkey L6 Aydingkol Hu c NW China X7 Aydyrlinskiy Orenburgskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 52°03´N 59°54´E S4 Ayerbe Aragón, NE Spain 42°16´N 00°41´W Ayers Rock see Uluṟu Ayeyarwady see Ayeyawady Ayeyarwady see Irrawaddy K8 Ayeyawady prev. Ayeyarwady var. Irrawaddy. r region SW Myanmar (Burma) Ayiá see Agiá Ayia Napa see Agía Nápa Ayia Phyla see Agía Fýlaxis Ayiásos/Ayiássos see Agiassós Áyios Evstrátios see Ágios Efstrátios Áyios Kírikos see Ágios Kírykos Áyios Nikólaos see Ágios Nikólaos I11 Āykel Āmara, N Ethiopia 12°33´N 37°01´E N9 Aykhal Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 66°07´N 110°25´E J12 Aylen Lake c Ontario, SE Canada N21 Aylesbury SE England, United Kingdom 51°50´N 00°50´W O6 Ayllón Castilla y León, N Spain 41°25´N 03°23´W

197 P9

77 114

103 120 61 57 57

145

145

158 104 123 136 55 77 123 54 136 57 147

21 136 136 136 136 158 127 105

166

80 123 14 97 105

51°16´N 03°55´E

96 I13 96 I13

144 L14

146 K8 181 W4 114 M9 171 T11 167 U12 169 V11 41 P16 40 K13

167 O11

136 B13 99 L20

44°37´N 77°59´E Aynabulaq see Aynabulak ‘Ayn al ‘Arab Kurd. Kobanî. Ḩalab, N Syria 36°55´N 38°21´E Aynayn see ‘Aynīn ‘Ayn Ḩamūd Dhī Qār, S Iraq 30°51´N 45°37´E Ayní prev. Varzimanor Ayni. W Tajikistan 39°24´N 68°30´E ‘Aynīn var. Aynayn. spring/ well SW Saudi Arabia 20°52´N 41°41´E Aynor South Carolina, SE USA 33°59´N 79°11´W ‘Ayn Zāzūh Al Anbār, C Iraq 33°29´N 42°34´E Ayodhya Uttar Pradesh, N India 26°47´N 82°12´E Ayon, Ostrov island NE Russian Federation Ayora Valenciana, E Spain 39°04´N 01°04´W Ayorou Tillabéri, W Niger 14°45´N 00°54´E Ayos Centre, S Cameroon 03°53´N 12°31´E ‘Ayoûn ‘Abd el Mâlek well N Mauritania ‘Ayoûn el ‘Atroûs var. Aïoun el Atrous, Aïoun el Atroûss. Hodh el Gharbi, SE Mauritania 16°38´N 09°36´W Ayr W Scotland, United Kingdom 55°28´N 04°38´W Ayr j W Scotland, United Kingdom Ayrshire cultural region SW Scotland, United Kingdom Aysen see Aisén Āysha Sumalē, E Ethiopia 10°36´N 42°31´E Ayteke Bi Kaz. Zhangaqazaly; prev. Novokazalinsk. Kzylorda, SW Kazakhstan 45°53´N 62°10´E Aytim Navoiy Viloyati, N Uzbekistan 42°15´N 63°25´E Ayton Queensland, NE Australia 15°54´S 145°19´E Aytos Burgas, E Bulgaria 42°43´N 27°14´E Ayu, Kepulauan island group E Indonesia A Yun Pa prev. Cheo Reo. Gia Lai, S Vietnam 13°19´N 108°27´E Ayu, Tanjung headland Borneo, N Indonesia 0°25´N 117°34´E Ayutlá var. Ayutla de los Libres. Guerrero, S Mexico 16°51´N 99°16´W Ayutla Jalisco, C Mexico 20°07´N 104°18´W Ayutla de los Libres see Ayutlá Ayutthaya var. Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya. Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, C Thailand 14°20´N 100°35´E Ayvalık Balıkesir, W Turkey 39°18´N 26°42´E Aywaille Liège, E Belgium 50°28´N 05°40´E

141 R13 ‘Aywat aş Şay’ar, Wādī seasonal river N Yemen Azaffal see Azeffâl 105 T9 Azahar, Costa del coastal region E Spain 105 S6 Azaila Aragón, NE Spain

64 N2 Azores var. Açores, Ilhas dos Açores, Port. Arquipélago dos Açores. island group Portugal, NE Atlantic Ocean 64 L8 Azores-Biscay Rise undersea feature E Atlantic Ocean 19°00´W 42°40´N Azotos/Azotus see Ashdod 78 K11 Azoum, Bahr seasonal river SE Chad 126 L12 Azov Rostovskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 47°07´N 39°26´E

126 J13 Azov, Sea of Rus. Azovskoye More, Ukr. Azovs’ke More. sea NE Black Sea Azovs’ke More/Azovskoye More see Azov, Sea of 138 I10 Azraq, Wāḩat al oasis N Jordan Āzro see Āzrow 74 G6 Azrou C Morocco 149 R5 37 P8 36 M13 45 N9

104 K12 56 B8 164 C13

105 O11 43 S17 Azuero, Península de peninsula S Panama 62 I6 Azufre, Volcán var. Volcán Lastarria. i N Chile 116 J12 61 C22 62 I8 56 E12 165 P11 103 V15 191 Z3

138 H7 141 W8 141 S6 141 R6

75 W7 138 H10 138 I11 75 O7 141 N15 74 I11 141 P6 139 Y13

41°17´N 00°20´W

104 F10 Azambuja Lisboa, C Portugal

119 M19 145 P13 102 L8 138 I2 76 H7 137 V12

74 F7 19 O6

127 T4 56 C8

11°41´N 10°09´E Azarychy Rus. Ozarichi. Homyel’skaya Voblasts’, SE Belarus 52°31´N 29°19´E Azat, Gory hill C Kazakhstan Azay-le-Rideau Indre-etLoire, C France 47°16´N 00°25´E A‘zāz Ḩalab, NW Syria 36°35´N 37°03´E Azeffâl var. Azaffal. desert Mauritania/Western Sahara Azerbaijan off. Azerbaijani Republic, Az. Azärbaycan, Azärbaycan Respublikası; prev. Azerbaijan SSR. b republic SE Asia Azerbaijani Republic see Azerbaijan Azerbaijan SSR see Azerbaijan Azilal C Morocco 31°58´N 06°53´W Azimabad see Patna Aziscohos Lake d Maine, NE USA Azizbekov see Vayk’ Azizie see Telish Aziziya see Al ‘Azīzīyah Aznakayevo Respublika Tatarstan, W Russian Federation 54°55´N 53°15´E Azogues Cañar, S Ecuador 02°44´S 78°48´W

Country Country Capital

25°16´S 68°35´W Azuga Prahova, SE Romania 45°27´N 25°34´E Azul Buenos Aires, E Argentina 36°46´S 59°50´W Azul, Cerro l NW Argentina 28°28´S 68°43´W Azul, Cordillera m C Peru Azuma-san l Honshū, C Japan 37°44´N 140°05´E Azur, Côte d’ coastal region SE France Azur Lagoon c Kiritimati, E Kiribati ‘Azza see Gaza Az Zāb al Kabīr see Great Zab Az Zabdānī var. Zabadani. Rīf Dimashq, W Syria 33°45´N 36°07´E A āhirah desert NW Oman A ahrān Eng. Dhahran. Ash Sharqīyah, NE Saudi Arabia 26°18´N 50°02´E A ahrān al Khubar var. Dhahran Al Khobar. k Ash Sharqīyah, NE Saudi Arabia 26°28´N 49°42´E Az Zaqāzīq var. Zagazig. N Egypt 30°36´N 31°32´E Az Zarqā’ var. Zarqa. Az Zarqā’, NW Jordan 32°04´N 36°06´E Az Zarqā’ off. Muḩāfazat az Zarqā’, var. Zarqa. r governorate N Jordan Az Zāwiyah var. Zawia. NW Libya 32°45´N 12°44´E Az Zaydīyah W Yemen 15°20´N 43°03´E Azzel Matti, Sebkha var. Sebkra Azz el Matti. salt flat C Algeria Az Zilfī Ar Riyāḑ, N Saudi Arabia 26°17´N 44°48´E Az Zubayr var. Al Zubair. Al Başrah, SE Iraq 30°24´N 47°45´E Az Zuqur see Jabal Zuqar, Jazīrat

B

39°04´N 08°52´W

153 N13 Āzamgarh Uttar Pradesh, N India 26°03´N 83°10´E 77 O9 Azaouâd desert C Mali 77 S10 Azaouagh, Vallée de l’ var. Azaouak. j W Niger Azaouak see Azaouagh, Vallée de l’ 61 F14 Azara Misiones, NE Argentina 28°03´S 55°42´W Azaran see Hashtrūd Azärbaycan/Azärbaycan Respublikasī see Azerbaijan Āarbāyjān-e Bākhtarī see Āarbāyjān-e Gharbī 142 I4 Āarbāyjān-e Gharbī off. Ostān-e Āarbāyjān-e Gharbī, Eng. West Azerbaijan; prev. Āarbāyjān-e Bākhtarī. NW Iran Aarbāyjān-e Gharbī, Ostān-e see Āarbāyjān-e Gharbī Āzarbāyjān-e Khāvarī see Āarbāyjān-e Sharqī 142 J3 Āarbāyjān-e Sharqī off. Ostān-e Azarbāyjān-e Sharqī, Eng. East Azerbaijan; prev. Āzarbāyjān-e Khāvarī. r province NW Iran Āarbāyjān-e Sharqī, Ostān-e see Āarbāyjān-e Sharqī 77 W13 Azare Bauchi, N Nigeria

33°30´N 05°12´W Āzrow var. Āzro. Lōgar, E Afghanistan 34°11´N 69°39´E Aztec New Mexico, SW USA 36°49´N 107°59´W Aztec Peak l Arizona, SW USA 33°48´N 110°54´W Azua var. Azua de Compostela. S Dominican Republic 18°29´N 70°44´W Azua de Compostela see Azua Azuaga Extremadura, W Spain 38°16´N 05°40´W Azuay r province W Ecuador Azuchi-Ō-shima island SW Japan Azuer j C Spain

Babashy, Gory see Babaşy Babaşy Rus. Gory Babashy. m W Turkmenistan 168 M13 Babat Sumatera, W Indonesia 146 C9

02°45´S 104°01´E

Babatag, Khrebet see Bototog‘, Tizmasi 81 H21 Babati Manyara, NE Tanzania 04°12´S 35°45´E 124 J13 Babayevo Vologodskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 59°23´N 35°52´E 127 Q15 Babayurt Respublika Dagestan, SW Russian Federation 43°38´N 46°49´E 33 P6 Babb Montana, NW USA 29 X4 188 E9 141 N17 111 K17

119 N19 139 U9

112 I10 10 K13 143 O4

143 O4

36 L16 Baboquivari Peak l Arizona, SW USA 31°46´N 111°36´W 05°46´N 14°47´E

119 M17 Babruysk Rus. Bobruysk. Mahilyowskaya Voblasts’, E Belarus 53°07´N 29°13´E Babu see Hezhou Babul see Bābol Babulsar see Bābolsar 113 O19 Babuna m C FYR Macedonia 113 O19 Babuna j C FYR Macedonia 152 G4 Babusar Pass prev. Bābāsar Pass. pass India/Pakistan 148 K7 Bābūs, Dasht-e Pash. Bebas, Dasht-i. m W Afghanistan 171 O1 Babuyan Channel channel N Philippines 171 O1 Babuyan Islands island N Philippines 139 T9 Babylon site of ancient city C Iraq Babylon see Bābil 112 J9 Bač Ger. Batsch. Vojvodina, NW Serbia 45°24´N 19°17´E 58 M13 Bacabal Maranhão, E Brazil 41 Y14 41 Y14 171 Q12 171 S12 116 L10 116 K11 167 T5 103 T5

138 H7

40 H4

108 G8 81 L17

99 I15 99 I15 98 J11 162 H9 114 D13 76 H10 136 G10 117 N13

183 N12

116 L10 167 T6 54 I5

118 M13

40 I5

158 G8 9 N8 112 K10 112 K8

137 X10 Babadağ Dağı l NE Azerbaijan 41°02´N 48°04´E

146 H14 Babadaýhan Rus. Babadaykhan; prev. Kirovsk. Ahal Welaýaty, C Turkmenistan 37°39´N 60°17´E

Babadaykhan see Babadaýhan 146 G14 Babadurmaz Ahal Welaýaty, C Turkmenistan

37°39´N 59°03´E 114 M12 Babaeski Kırklareli, NW Turkey 41°26´N 27°06´E 139 T4 Bāba Guŗguŗ Kirkūk, N Iraq 35°34´N 44°18´E 56 B7 Babahoyo prev. Bodegas. Los Ríos, C Ecuador 01°53´S 79°31´W

Bābā, Kūh-e m C Afghanistan 171 N12 Babana Sulawesi, C Indonesia 02°03´S 119°13´E Babao see Qilian 171 Q12 Babar, Kepulauan island group E Indonesia 171 T12 Babar, Pulau island Kepulauan Babar, E Indonesia Bābāsar Pass see Babusar Pass 149 P5

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

38°53´N 06°58´W

104 J11 Badajoz r province Extremadura, W Spain 149 S2 Badakhshān r province NE Afghanistan 105 W6 Badalona anc. Baetulo. Cataluña, E Spain 41°27´N 02°15´E

154 O11 Bādāmpāhārh var. Bādāmapāhārh. Odisha, E India 22°04´N 86°06´E 169 O10 Badas, Kepulauan island group W Indonesia 109 S6 Bad Aussee Salzburg, E Austria 47°35´N 13°44´E 31 S8 Bad Axe Michigan, N USA

101 G18 100 L8 101 N14 109 X4

95 J17

04°15´S 44°45´W Bacalar Quintana Roo, SE Mexico 18°38´N 88°17´W Bacalar Chico, Boca strait SE Mexico Bacan, Kepulauan island group E Indonesia Bacan, Pulau prev. Batjan. island Maluku, E Indonesia Bacău Hung. Bákó. Bacău, NE Romania 46°36´N 26°56´E Bacău r county E Romania Băc Bô, Vinh see Tonkin, Gulf of Băc Can var. Bach Thong. Băc Thai, N Vietnam 22°07´N 105°50´E Baccarat Meurtheet-Moselle, NE France 48°27´N 06°46´E Bacchus Marsh Victoria, SE Australia 37°41´S 144°30´E Bacerac Sonora, NW Mexico 30°27´N 108°55´W Băceşti Vaslui, E Romania 46°50´N 27°14´E Băc Giang Ha Băc, N Vietnam 21°17´N 106°12´E Bachaquero Zulia, NW Venezuela 09°57´N 71°09´W Bacher see Pohorje Bacheykava Rus. Bocheykovo. Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’, N Belarus 55°01´N 29°09´E Bachíniva Chihuahua, N Mexico 28°41´N 107°13´W Bach Quy, Ðao see Passu Keah Bach Thong see Băc Can Bachu Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 39°46´N 78°30´E Back j Nunavut, N Canada Bačka Palanka prev. Palanka. Serbia, NW Serbia 44°22´N 20°57´E Bačka Topola Hung. Topolya; prev. Hung. Bácstopolya. Vojvodina, N Serbia 45°48´N 19°39´E Bäckefors Västra Götaland, S Sweden 58°49´N 12°07´E

Bäckermühle Schulzenmühle see Żywiec 95 L16 Bäckhammar Värmland, C Sweden 59°09´N 14°13´E 112 K9 Bački Petrovac Hung. Petrőcz; prev. Petrovac, Petrovácz. Vojvodina, NW Serbia 45°22´N 19°34´E 101 I21 Backnang BadenWürttemberg, SW Germany

108 F9 101 G21

101 G22 112 A10

101 H20

148 L4 109 T5

167 40 171

171 111

09°17´N 105°44´E T6 Băc Ninh Ha Băc, N Vietnam 21°10´N 106°04´E G4 Bacoachi Sonora, NW Mexico 30°36´N 110°00´W P6 Bacolod off. Bacolod City. Negros, C Philippines 10°43´N 122°58´E Bacolod City see Bacolod O4 Baco, Mount l Mindoro, N Philippines 12°50´N 121°08´E K25 Bácsalmás Bács-Kiskun, S Hungary 46°07´N 19°20´E Bácsjózseffalva see Žednik

Administrative Regions International Airport

52°47´N 14°04´E Badgastein var. Gastein. Salzburg, NW Austria 47°07´N 13°09´E Badger State see Wisconsin Bādghīs r province NW Afghanistan Bad Hall Oberösterreich, N Austria 48°03´N 14°13´E 51°52´N 10°34´E

52°21´N 04°46´E

109 Q8 Bad Hofgastein Salzburg, NW Austria 47°11´N 13°07´E Bad Homburg see Bad Homburg vor der Höhe 101 G18 Bad Homburg vor der Höhe var. Bad Homburg. Hessen, W Germany

21 S10 40 I8 109 R6

101 J18

101 F19 101 F24 101 G16 28 J6 101 K16 109 T3 101 I20 101 H17 101 E17

48°57´N 09°26´E

167 S15 Bac Liêu var. Vinh Loi. Minh Hai, S Vietnam

50°43´N 11°19´E Bad Borseck see Borsec Bad Camberg Hessen, W Germany 5 0°18´N 08°15´E Bad Doberan MecklenburgVorpommern, N Germany 54°06´N 11°55´E Bad Düben Sachsen, E Germany 51°35´N 12°34´E Baden var. Baden bei Wien; anc. Aquae Panoniae, Thermae Pannonicae. Niederösterreich, NE Austria 48°01´N 16°14´E Baden Aargau, N Switzerland 47°28´N 08°19´E Baden-Baden anc. Aurelia Aquensis. BadenWürttemberg, SW Germany 48°46´N 08°14´E Baden bei Wien see Baden Baden-Württemberg Fr. Bade-Wurtemberg. r state SW Germany Baderna Istra, NW Croatia 45°12´N 13°45´E Bade-Wurtemberg see Baden-Württemberg Bad Fredrichshall BadenWürttemberg, S Germany 49°13´N 09°15´E

101 I16 Bad Hersfeld Hessen, C Germany 50°52´N 09°42´E 98 I10 Badhoevedorp NoordHolland, C Netherlands

149 Q17

101 J18

100 H13 100 J9 77 Q16 100 H13

140 152 28 30 100 101 109 100 101 181 155 109

35

101 J14 Bad Harzburg Niedersachsen, C Germany

101 E17

101

51°03´N 08°24´E

100 P11 Bad Freienwalde Brandenburg, NE Germany 109 Q8

139

101

101 L17 Bad Blankenburg Thüringen, C Germany

50°14´N 08°37´E Bad Honnef NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 50°39´N 07°13´E Badīn Sind, SE Pakistan 24°38´N 68°53´E Badin Lake d North Carolina, SE USA Badiraguato Sinaloa, C Mexico 25°21´N 107°31´W Bad Ischl Oberösterreich, N Austria 47°43´N 13°36´E Badjawa see Bajawa Badje-Sohppar see Övre Soppero Bad Kissingen Bayern, SE Germany 50°12´N 10°04´E Bad Königswart see Lázně Kynžvart Bad Kreuznach RheinlandPfalz, SW Germany 49°51´N 07°52´E Bad Krozingen BadenWürttemberg, SW Germany 47°55´N 07°43´E Bad Laasphe NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 50°57´N 08°24´E Badlands physical region North Dakota/South Dakota, N USA Bad Langensalza Thüringen, C Germany 51°05´N 10°40´E

Bad Leonfelden Oberösterreich, N Austria 48°31´N 14°17´E Bad Mergentheim BadenWürttemberg, SW Germany 49°30´N 09°46´E Bad Nauheim Hessen, W Germany 50°22´N 08°45´E Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler Rheinland-Pfalz, W Germany 50°33´N 07°07´E Bad Neustadt see Bad Neustadt an der Saale Bad Neustadt an der Saale var. Bad Neustadt. Berlin, C Germany 50°21´N 10°13´E Badnur see Betūl Bad Oeynhausen Nordrhein-Westfalen, NW Germany 52°12´N 08°48´E Bad Oldesloe SchleswigHolstein, N Germany 53°49´N 10°22´E Badou C Togo 07°37´N 00°37´E Bad Polzin see Połczyn-Zdrój Bad Pyrmont Niedersachsen, C Germany 51°58´N 09°16´E

Mountain Mountain Range

Volcano River

Bad Radkersburg Steiermark, SE Austria 46°40´N 16°02´E V8 Badrah Wāsiţ, E Iraq 33°06´N 45°58´E Badrah see Tarialan N24 Bad Reichenhall Bayern, SE Germany 47°43´N 12°52´E K8 Badr Ḩunayn Al Madīnah, W Saudi Arabia 23°46´N 38°45´E K8 Badrīnāth l N India 30°44´N 79°29´E M10 Bad River j South Dakota, N USA K4 Bad River j Wisconsin, N USA H13 Bad Salzuflen NordrheinWestfalen, NW Germany 52°06´N 08°45´E J16 Bad Salzungen Thüringen, C Germany 50°48´N 10°15´E V8 Bad Sankt Leonhard im Lavanttal Kärnten, S Austria 46°55´N 14°51´E K9 Bad Schwartau SchleswigHolstein, N Germany 53°55´N 10°42´E L24 Bad Tölz Bayern, SE Germany 47°44´N 11°34´E U1 Badu Island island Queensland, NE Australia K25 Badulla Uva Province, C Sri Lanka 06°59´N 81°03´E X5 Bad Vöslau Niederösterreich, NE Austria 47°58´N 16°13´E I24 Bad Waldsee BadenWürttemberg, S Germany 47°54´N 09°44´E U11 Badwater Basin depression California, W USA J20 Bad Windsheim Bayern, C Germany 49°30´N 10°25´E J23 Bad Wörishofen Bayern, S Germany 48°00´N 10°36´E G10 Bad Zwischenahn Niedersachsen, NW Germany 53°10´N 08°01´E M13 Baena Andalucía, S Spain 36°37´N 04°20´W V15 Baengnyong-do prev. Paengnyŏng. island NW South Korea Baeterrae/Baeterrae Septimanorum see Béziers Baetic Cordillera/Baetic Mountains see Béticos, Sistemas Baetulo see Badalona K18 Baeza Napo, NE Ecuador 0°30´S 77°52´W N13 Baeza Andalucía, S Spain 38°00´N 03°28´W D15 Bafang Ouest, W Cameroon 05°10´N 10°11´E H12 Bafatá C Guinea-Bissau 12°09´N 14°38´W U5 Baffa Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, NW Pakistan 34°30´N 73°18´E O11 Baffin Basin undersea feature N Labrador Sea N12 Baffin Bay bay Canada/ Greenland T15 Baffin Bay inlet Texas, SW USA M12 Baffin Island island Nunavut, NE Canada E15 Bafia Centre, C Cameroon 04°49´N 11°14´E R14 Bafilo NE Togo 09°23´N 01°20´E J12 Bafing j W Africa J12 Bafoulabé Kayes, W Mali 13°43´N 10°49´W D15 Bafoussam Ouest, W Cameroon 05°31´N 10°25´E R9 Bāfq Yazd, C Iran 31°35´N 55°21´E L10 Bafra Samsun, N Turkey 41°34´N 35°56´E L10 Bafra Burnu headland N Turkey 41°42´N 36°02´E S12 Bāft Kermān, S Iran 29°12´N 56°36´E N18 Bafwabalinga Orientale, NE Dem. Rep. Congo 0°52´N 26°55´E N18 Bafwaboli Orientale, NE Dem. Rep. Congo 0°36´N 26°08´E N17 Bafwasende Orientale, NE Dem. Rep. Congo 01°00´N 27°09´E K13 Bagaces Guanacaste, NW Costa Rica 10°31´N 85°18´W O12 Bagaha Bihār, N India 27°08´N 84°04´E F16 Bāgalkot Karnātaka, W India 16°11´N 75°42´E J22 Bagamoyo Pwani, E Tanzania 06°26´S 38°55´E Bagan Datok see Bagan Datuk J8 Bagan Datuk var. Bagan Datok. Perak, Peninsular Malaysia 03°58´N 100°47´E R7 Baganga Mindanao, S Philippines 07°31´N 126°34´E J9 Bagansiapiapi var. Pasirpangarayan. Sumatera, W Indonesia 02°06´N 100°52´E M8 Baganuur var. Nüürst. Töv, C Mongolia 47°44´N 108°22´E Bagaria see Bagheria T11 Bagaroua Tahoua, W Niger 14°34´N 04°24´E I20 Bagata Bandundu, W Dem. Rep. Congo 03°47´S 17°57´E Bagdad see Baghdad O13 Bagdarin Respublika Buryatiya, S Russian Federation 54°27´N 113°34´E G17 Bagé Rio Grande do Sul, S Brazil 31°22´S 54°06´W Bagenalstown see Muine Bheag T16 Bagerhat var. Bagherhat. Khulna, S Bangladesh 22°40´N 89°48´E P16 Bages et de Sigean, Étang de c S France W17 Baggs Wyoming, C USA 41°02´N 107°39´W F11 Bāgh Madhya Pradesh, C India 22°22´N 74°49´E T8 Baghdad var. Bagdad, Eng. Baghdad. a Baghdād, C Iraq 33°20´N 44°26´E T8 Baghdād off. Muḩāfaᶎat Baghdād, var. Amãnat al ‘Ãşimah. r governorate C Iraq T8 Baghdād k (Baghdād) Baghdād, C Iraq 33°20´N 44°26´E Baghdad see Baghdad Baghdād, Muḩāfaᶎat see Baghdād Bagherhat see Bagerhat

109 X9

43°48´N 83°00´W

101 G16 Bad Berleburg NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany

79 G15 Baboua Nana-Mambéré, W Central African Republic

187 X15 Ba prev. Mba. Viti Levu, W Fiji 17°35´S 177°40´E Ba see Da Răng, Sông 171 P17 Baa Pulau Rote, C Indonesia

10°44´S 123°06´E Baalbek var. Ba‘labakk; anc. Heliopolis. E Lebanon 34°00´N 36°15´E Baar Zug, N Switzerland 47°12´N 08°32´E Baardheere var. Bardere, It. Bardera. Gedo, SW Somalia 02°13´N 42°19´E Baargaal see Bargaal Baarle-Hertog Antwerpen, N Belgium 51°26´N 04°56´E Baarle-Nassau NoordBrabant, S Netherlands 51°27´N 04°56´E Baarn Utrecht, C Netherlands 52°13´N 05°16´E Baatsagaan var. Bayansayr. Bayanhongor, C Mongolia 45°36´N 99°27´E Baba var. Buševa, Gk. Varnoús. m FYR Macedonia/ Greece Bababé Brakna, W Mauritania 16°22´N 13°57´W Baba Burnu headland NW Turkey 41°18´N 31°24´E Babadag Tulcea, SE Romania 44°53´N 28°47´E

48°51´N 113°26´W Babbitt Minnesota, N USA 47°42´N 91°56´W Babeldaob var. Babeldaop, Babelthuap. island N Palau Babeldaop see Babeldaob Bab el Mandeb strait Gulf of Aden/Red Sea Babelthuap see Babeldaob Babia Góra var. Babia Hora. l Poland/Slovakia 49°33´N 19°32´E Babia Hora see Babia Góra Babian Jiang see Black River Babichi see Babichy Babichy Rus. Babichi. Homyel’skaya Voblasts’, SE Belarus 52°17´N 30°00´E Bābil off. Muḩāfaᶎ at Bābil, var. Babylon, Al Ḩillah. r governorate S Iraq Bābil, Muḩāfaᶎat at see Bābil Babina Greda VukovarSrijem, E Croatia 45°09´N 18°33´E Babine Lake c British Columbia, SW Canada Bābol var. Babul, Balfrush, Barfrush; prev. Barfurush. Māzandarān, N Iran 36°34´N 52°39´E Bābolsar var. Babulsar; prev. Meshed-i-Sar. Māzandarān, N Iran 36°41´N 52°39´E

111 J24 Bács-Kiskun off. BácsKiskun Megye. r county S Hungary Bács-Kiskun Megye see Bács-Kiskun Bácsszenttamás see Srbobran Bácstopolya see Bačka Topola Bactra see Balkh Bada see Xilin 155 F21 Badagara var. Vadakara. Kerala, SW India 11°36´N 75°34´E see also Vadakara 101 M24 Bad Aibling Bayern, SE Germany 47°52´N 12°00´E 162 I13 Badain Jaran Shamo desert N China 104 I11 Badajoz anc. Pax Augusta. Extremadura, W Spain

101 101 100 104 163

57 105 79 76 149 197 197 25 196 79 77 76 76 79 143 136 136 143 79 79 79 42 153 155 81

168 171 168 162 77 79 123 61

153 103 33 154 139 139

139

Lake Reservoir

107 J23 Bagheria var. Bagaria. Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 38°05´N 13°31´E

143 S10 Bāghīn Kermān, C Iran 30°50´N 57°00´E

149 Q3 Baghlān Baghlān, NE Afghanistan 36°11´N 68°44´E

149 Q3 Baghlān var. Bāghlān. r province NE Afghanistan Bāghlān see Baghlān 148 M7 Bāghrān Helmand, S Afghanistan 32°55´N 64°57´E 29 T4 Bagley Minnesota, N USA 47°31´N 95°24´W

106 H10 Bagnacavallo EmiliaRomagna, C Italy 44°00´N 12°59´E

102 K16 Bagnères-de-Bigorre Hautes-Pyrénées, S France 43°04´N 00°09´E

102 L17 Bagnères-de-Luchon Hautes-Pyrénées, S France 42°46´N 00°34´E

106 F11 Bagni di Lucca Toscana, C Italy 44°01´N 10°38´E 106 H11 Bagno di Romagna Emilia-Romagna, C Italy 43°51´N 11°57´E

103 R14 Bagnols-sur-Cèze Gard, S France 44°10´N 04°37´E 162 M14 Bag Nur c N China 166 L8 Bago var. Pegu. Bago, SW Myanmar (Burma)

17°18´N 96°31´E Bago off. Bago City. Negros, C Philippines 10°30´N 122°49´E L7 Bago var. Pegu. r region S Myanmar (Burma) Bago City see Bago M13 Bagoé j Ivory Coast/Mali Bagrāmē see Bagrāmī R5 Bagrāmī var. Bagrāmē. Kâbōl, E Afghanistan 34°29´N 69°16´E B14 Bagrationovsk Ger. Preussisch Eylau. Kaliningradskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 54°24´N 20°39´E Bagrax see Bohu Bagrax Hu see Bosten Hu C10 Bagua Amazonas, NE Peru 05°37´S 78°36´W O2 Baguio off. Baguio City. Luzon, N Philippines 16°25´N 120°36´E Baguio City see Baguio V9 Bagzane, Monts l N Niger 17°48´N 08°43´E Bāḩah, Minţaqat al see Al Bāḩah Bahama Islands see Bahamas, The Bahamas see Bahamas, The Bahamas, Commonwealth of The see Bahamas, The L13 Bahamas, The var. Bahama Islands, Bahamas. b island group N West Indies H3 Bahamas, The off. Commonwealth of The Bahamas. b commonwealth republic N West Indies S15 Baharampur prev. Berhampore. West Bengal, NE India 24°06´N 88°19´E E12 Baharly var. Bäherden, Rus. Bakharden; prev. Bakherden. Ahal Welaýaty, C Turkmenistan 38°30´N 57°18´E U10 Bahāwalnagar Punjab, E Pakistan 30°00´N 73°03´E T11 Bahāwalpur Punjab, E Pakistan 29°25´N 71°40´E L16 Bahçe Osmaniye, S Turkey 37°14´N 36°34´E J8 Ba He j C China Bäherden see Baharly N16 Bahia off. Estado da Bahia. r state E Brazil B24 Bahía Blanca Buenos Aires, E Argentina 38°43´S 62°19´W L15 Bahía Bufadero Michoacán, SW Mexico J19 Bahía Bustamante Chubut, SE Argentina 45°06´S 66°30´W D5 Bahía de los Ángeles Baja California Norte, NW Mexico C6 Bahía de Tortugas Baja California Sur, NW Mexico 27°42´N 114°54´W Bahia, Estado da see Bahia J4 Bahía, Islas de la Eng. Bay Islands. island group N Honduras E5 Bahía Kino Sonora, NW Mexico 28°48´N 111°55´W E9 Bahía Magdalena var. Puerto Magdalena. Baja California Sur, NW Mexico 24°34´N 112°07´W C8 Bahía Solano var. Ciudad Mutis, Solano. Chocó, W Colombia 06°13´N 77°27´W I11 Bahir Dar var. Bahr Dar, Bahrdar Giyorgis. Āmara, N Ethiopia 11°34´N 37°23´E X8 Bahlā’ var. Bahlah, Bahlat. NW Oman 22°58´N 57°16´E Bāhla see Bālān Bahlah/Bahlat see Bahlā’ M11 Bahraich Uttar Pradesh, N India 27°35´N 81°36´E M14 Bahrain off. State of Bahrain, Dawlat al Bahrayn, Ar. Al Baḩrayn, prev. Bahrein; anc. Tylos, Tyros. b monarchy SW Asia M14 Bahrain k C Bahrain 26°15´N 50°39´E M15 Bahrain, Gulf of gulf Persian Gulf, NW Arabian Sea Bahrain, State of see Bahrain I7 Baḩrat Mallāḩah c W Syria Bahrayn, Dawlat al see Bahrain Bahr Dar/Bahrdar Giyorgis see Bahir Dar Bahrein see Bahrain Bahr el, Azraq see Blue Nile Bahr el Gebel see Central Equatoria Bahr el Jebel see Central Equatoria E13 Bahr ez Zaref j Jonglei, E South Sudan R8 Bahr Kameur j N Central African Republic Bahr Tabariya, Sea of see Tiberias, Lake W15 Bāhū Kalāt Sīstān va Balūchestān, SE Iran 25°42´N 61°28´E N13 Bahushewsk Rus. Bogushëvsk. Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’, NE Belarus 54°51´N 30°13´E Bai see Tagow Bāy

171 P6 166 76 149 119

56 171

77

0 44

153 146

149 149 136 160 59 61 40 63 40 40

42 40 40

54 80 141

152 143

142 142 138

80 67

143 118

221

Baia de aramă – Banghāzī 116 G13 Baia de Aramă Mehedini, SW Romania 45°00´N 22°43´E 116 G11 Baia de Criş Ger. Altenburg, Hung. Körösbánya. Hunedoara, SW Romania 46°10´N 22°41´E

83 A16 Baia dos Tigres Namibe, SW Angola 16°36´S 11°44´E 82 A13 Baia Farta Benguela, W Angola 12°38´S 13°12´E 116 H9 Baia Mare Ger. Frauenbach, Hung. Nagybánya; prev. Neustadt. Maramureș, NW Romania 47°40´N 23°35´E 116 H8 Baia Sprie Ger. Mittelstadt, Hung. Felsőbánya. Maramureș, NW Romania 78 160 163 158 116 15 15 15 15 172 45 15 15 13

139

116 116

105

116 116 163

58 103 78 159 82 159

186 158 23 171 158 104 104 163 158 25 39 190

183 171 102 163

118 189

47°40´N 23°42´E G13 Baïbokoum LogoneOriental, SW Chad 07°46´N 15°43´E F12 Baicao Ling m SW China U9 Baicheng var. Pai-ch’eng; prev. T’aon-an. Jilin, NE China 45°32´N 122°51´E I6 Baicheng var. Bay. Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 41°49´N 81°45´E J13 Băicoi Prahova, SE Romania 45°02´N 25°51´E Baidoa see Baydhabo U6 Baie-Comeau Québec, SE Canada 49°12´N 68°10´W U6 Baie-des-Sables Québec, SE Canada 48°41´N 67°55´W T7 Baie-des-Bacon Québec, SE Canada 48°31´N 69°17´W S8 Baie-des-Rochers Québec, SE Canada 47°57´N 69°50´W Baie-du-Poste see Mistissini H17 Baie Lazare Mahé, NE Seychelles 04°45´S 55°29´E Y5 Baie-Mahault Basse Terre, C Guadeloupe 16°16´N 61°35´W R9 Baie-St-Paul Québec, SE Canada 47°27´N 70°30´W V5 Baie-Trinité Québec, SE Canada 49°25´N 67°20´W T11 Baie Verte Newfoundland and Labrador, SE Canada 49°55´N 56°12´W Baiguan see Shangyu Baihe see Erdaobaihe U11 Bā’ij al Mahdī Al Muthanná, S Iraq 31°21´N 44°57´E Baiji see Bayjī Baikal, Lake see Baykal, Ozero Bailādila see Kirandul Baile an Chaistil see Ballycastle Baile an Róba see Ballinrobe Baile an tSratha see Ballintra Baile Átha an Rí see Athenry Baile Átha Buí see Athboy Baile Átha Cliath see Dublin Baile Átha Fhirdhia see Ardee Baile Átha Í see Athy Baile Átha Luain see Athlone Baile Átha Troim see Trim Baile Brigín see Balbriggan Baile Easa Dara see Ballysadare I13 Băile Govora Vâlcea, SW Romania 45°00´N 24°08´E F13 Băile Herculane Ger. Herkulesbad, Hung. Herkulesfürdő. Caraș-Severin, SW Romania 44°51´N 22°24´E Baile Locha Riach see Loughrea Baile Mhistéala see Mitchelstown Baile Monaidh see Ballymoney N12 Bailén Andalucía, S Spain 38°06´N 03°46´W Baile na hInse see Ballynahinch Baile na Lorgan see Castleblayney Baile na Mainistreach see Newtownabbey Baile Nua na hArda see Newtownards I12 Băile Olăneşti Vâlcea, SW Romania 45°14´N 24°18´E H14 Băileşti Dolj, SW Romania 44°01´N 23°20´E N12 Bailingmiao var. Darhan Muminggan Lianheqi. Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China 41°41´N 110°25´E K11 Bailique, Ilha island NE Brazil O1 Bailleul Nord, N France 50°43´N 02°43´E H12 Ba Illi Chari-Baguirmi, SW Chad 10°31´N 16°29´E V12 Bailong Jiang j C China C13 Bailundo Port. Vila Teixeira da Silva. Huambo, C Angola 12°12´S 15°52´E T13 Baima var. Sêraitang. Qinghai, C China 32°55´N 100°44´E Baima see Baxoi C8 Baimuru Gulf, S Papua New Guinea 07°34´S 144°49´E M16 Bainang Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 28°57´N 89°31´E S8 Bainbridge Georgia, SE USA 30°54´N 84°33´W O17 Baing Pulau Sumba, SE Indonesia 10°09´S 120°34´E M14 Baingoin var. Pubao. Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 31°22´N 90°00´E G2 Baio Galicia, NW Spain 43°08´N 08°58´W G4 Baiona Galicia, NW Spain 42°06´N 08°49´W V7 Baiquan Heilongjiang, NE China 47°37´N 126°04´E Bā’ir see Bāyir I11 Bairab Co c W China Q7 Baird Texas, SW USA 32°23´N 99°24´W N7 Baird Mountains m Alaska, USA Baireuth see Bayreuth H3 Bairiki Tarawa, NW Kiribati 01°20´N 173°01´E Bairin Youqi see Daban Bairin Zuoqi see Lindong Bairkum see Bayyrkum P12 Bairnsdale Victoria, SE Australia 37°51´S 147°38´E P6 Bais Negros, S Philippines 09°36´N 123°07´E L15 Baïse var. Baise. j S France Baise see Baïse W11 Baishan prev. Hunjiang. Jilin, NE China 41°57´N 126°31´E Baishan see Mashan F12 Baisogala Šiauliai, C Lithuania 55°38´N 23°44´E Q7 Baiti N Nauru 0°30´S 166°55´E Baitou Shan see Paektu-san

222

104 G13 Baixo Alentejo physical region S Portugal 64 P5 Baixo, Ilhéu de island Madeira, Portugal, NE Atlantic Ocean 83 E15 Baixo Longa Kuando Kubango, SE Angola

79 L15 Bakouma Mbomou, SE Central African Republic

11 W15 Baldy Mountain l Manitoba, S Canada

127 N15

33 T7

15°39´S 18°39´E 159 V10 Baiyin Gansu, C China 36°33´N 104°11´E 160 E8 Baiyü var. Jianshe. Sichuan, C China 30°37´N 97°15´E 161 N14 Baiyun k (Guangzhou) Guangdong, S China 23°12´N 113°19´E 160 K4 Baiyu Shan m C China 111 J25 Baja Bács-Kiskun, S Hungary 46°13´N 18°56´E 40 C4 Baja California Eng. Lower California. peninsula NW Mexico

119 I16

40 C4

136 I13

40 E9

97 J19

Baja California Norte r state NW Mexico Baja California Sur r state NW Mexico Bājah see Béja Bajan see Bayan 191 V16 Baja, Punta headland Easter Island, Chile, E Pacific Ocean

27°10´S 109°21´W Baja, Punta headland NW Mexico 29°57´N 115°48´W R5 Baja, Punta headland NE Venezuela D5 Baja Verapaz off. Departamento de Baja Verapaz. r department C Guatemala Baja Verapaz, Departamento de see Baja Verapaz N16 Bajawa prev. Badjawa. Flores, S Indonesia 08°46´S 120°59´E S16 Baj Baj prev. BudgeBudge. West Bengal, E India 22°29´N 88°11´E N15 Bājil W Yemen 15°05´N 43°16´E U4 Bajimba, Mount l New South Wales, SE Australia 29°19´S 152°04´E K13 Bajina Bašta Serbia, W Serbia 43°58´N 19°33´E U14 Bajitpur Dhaka, E Bangladesh 24°12´N 90°57´E K8 Bajmok Vojvodina, NW Serbia 45°59´N 19°25´E Bajo Boquete see Boquete L17 Bajram Curri Kukës, N Albania 42°23´N 20°06´E J14 Bakala Ouaka, C Central African Republic 06°03´N 20°31´E T4 Bakaly Respublika Bashkortostan, W Russian Federation 55°10´N 53°46´E Bakan see Shimonoseki U14 Bakanas Kaz. Baqanas. Almaty, SE Kazakhstan 44°50´N 76°13´E V12 Bakanas Kaz. Baqanas. j E Kazakhstan R4 Bākārak Panjshīr, NE Afghanistan 35°16´N 69°28´E U14 Bakbakty Kaz. Baqbaqty. Almaty, SE Kazakhstan 44°36´N 76°41´E J12 Bakchar Tomskaya Oblast’, C Russian Federation 56°58´N 81°59´E I11 Bakel E Senegal 14°54´N 12°26´W W13 Baker California, W USA 35°15´N 116°04´W J8 Baker Louisiana, S USA 30°35´N 91°10´W Y9 Baker Montana, NW USA 46°22´N 104°16´W L12 Baker Oregon, NW USA 44°46´N 117°50´W L7 Baker and Howland Islands p US unincorporated territory W Polynesia L12 Baker Butte l Arizona, SW USA 34°24´N 111°22´W X15 Baker Island island Alexander Archipelago, Alaska, USA N9 Baker Lake var. Qamanittuaq. Nunavut, N Canada 64°20´N 96°10´W N9 Baker Lake c Nunavut, N Canada H6 Baker, Mount l Washington, NW USA 48°46´N 121°48´W R13 Bakersfield California, W USA 35°22´N 119°01´W M9 Bakersfield Texas, SW USA 30°54´N 102°21´W P9 Bakersville North Carolina, SE USA 36°01´N 82°09´W Bakhābī see Bū Khābī Bakharden see Baharly Bakhardok see Bokurdak U5 Bākharz, Kuhhā-ye m NE Iran D13 Bākhāsar Rājasthān, NW India 24°42´N 71°11´E Bakhchisaray see Bakhchysaray T13 Bakhchysaray Rus. Bakhchisaray. Avtonomna Respublika Krym, S Ukraine 44°44´N 33°53´E Bakherden see Baharly R3 Bakhmach Chernihivs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 51°10´N 32°48´E Bākhtarān see Kermānshāh Q11 Bakhtegān, Daryācheh-ye c C Iran Bakhty see Bakty Z11 Bakı Eng. Baku. a (Azerbaijan) E Azerbaijan 40°24´N 49°51´E M12 Baki Awdal, N Somalia 10°10´N 43°45´E Z11 Bakı k E Azerbaijan 40°26´N 49°55´E C13 Bakır Çayı j W Turkey L1 Bakkafjörður Austurland, NE Iceland 66°01´N 14°49´W L1 Bakkaflói sea area W Norwegian Sea L2 Bakkagerði Austurland, NE Iceland 65°32´N 13°46´W I15 Bako Southern Nationalities, S Ethiopia 05°45´N 36°39´E L15 Bako NW Ivory Coast 09°08´N 07°40´W Bákó see Bacău H23 Bakony Eng. Bakony Mountains, Ger. Bakonywald. m W Hungary Bakony Mountains/ Bakonywald see Bakony M16 Bakool off. Gobolka Bakool. r region W Somalia Bakool, Gobolka see Bakool

40 B4 55 42

171 153 141 183 112 153 112 113 79 127

145 145 149 145 122 76 35 22 33 32 192 36 39 9 9 32 35 24 21

143 152

117

117

143 137 80 137 136 92 92 92 81 76 111

81

Country Country Capital

145 X12

194 K12 145 O15 14 H13

170 L7

169 V5

187 P16 116 I14 139 S7 139 U7 154 J11 155 F14 103 X14 105 U5 105 S3

127 O3 122 L12 182 I9 117 V6 127 Q7 83 P14 169 U6

148 L3

152 E11 116 J10

171 O3 154 M12 127 N8

111 K21 29 S10 111 H24 111 I23

116 I11

105 Q11 119 F14 186 J7

05°42´N 22°43´E Baksan KabardinoBalkarskaya Respublika, SW Russian Federation 43°43´N 43°31´E Bakshty Hrodzyenskaya Voblasts’, W Belarus 53°56´N 26°11´E Bakty prev. Bakhty. Vostochnyy Kazakhstan, E Kazakhstan 46°41´N 82°45´E Baku see Bakı Bakutis Coast physical region Antarctica Bakwanga see Mbuji-Mayi Bakyrly Yuzhnyy Kazakhstan, S Kazakhstan 44°30´N 67°41´E Bala Ontario, S Canada 45°01´N 79°37´W Balâ Ankara, C Turkey 39°34´N 33°07´E Bala NW Wales, United Kingdom 52°54´N 03°31´W Balabac Island island W Philippines Balabac, Selat see Balabac Strait Balabac Strait var. Selat Balabac. strait Malaysia/ Philippines Ba‘labakk see Baalbek Balabio, Île island Province Nord, W New Caledonia Balaci Teleorman, S Romania 44°21´N 24°55´E Balad Şalāḩ ad Dīn, N Iraq 34°00´N 44°07´E Balad Rūz Diyālá, E Iraq 33°42´N 45°04´E Bālāghāt Madhya Pradesh, C India 21°48´N 80°11´E Bālāghāt Range m W India Balagne physical region Corse, France, C Mediterranean Sea Balaguer Cataluña, NE Spain 41°48´N 00°48´E Balaïtous var. Pic de Balaitous. l France/Spain 42°51´N 00°17´W Balaitous, Pic de see Balaïtous Bálák see Ballangen Balakhna Nizhegorodskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 56°26´N 43°43´E Balakhta Krasnoyarskiy Kray, S Russian Federation 55°22´N 91°24´E Balaklava South Australia 34°10´S 138°22´E Balakleya see Balakliya Balakliya Rus. Balakleya. Kharkivs’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 49°27´N 36°53´E Balakovo Saratovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 52°03´N 47°47´E Balama Cabo Delgado, N Mozambique 13°18´S 38°39´E Balambangan, Pulau island East Malaysia Bālā Morghāb see Bālā Murghāb Bālā Murghāb prev. Bālā Morghāb. Laghmān, NW Afghanistan 35°38´N 63°21´E Bālān prev. Bāhla. Rājasthān, NW India 27°45´N 71°32´E Bălan Hung. Balánbánya. Harghita, C Romania 46°39´N 25°47´E Balánbánya see Bălan Balanga Luzon, N Philippines 14°40´N 120°32´E Balāngīr prev. Bolangir. Odisha, E India 20°41´N 83°30´E Balashov Saratovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 51°32´N 43°14´E Balasore see Bāleshwar Balassagyarmat Nógrád, N Hungary 48°06´N 19°17´E Balaton Minnesota, N USA 44°13´N 95°52´W Balaton var. Lake Balaton, Ger. Plattensee. c W Hungary Balatonfüred var. Füred. Veszprém, W Hungary 46°59´N 17°53´E Balaton, Lake see Balaton Bălăuşeri Ger. Bladenmarkt, Hung. Balavásár. Mureș, C Romania 46°24´N 24°41´E Balavásár see Bălăuşeri Balazote Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 38°54´N 02°09´W Balázsfalva see Blaj Balbieriškis Kaunas, S Lithuania 54°29´N 23°52´E Balbi, Mount l Bougainville Island, NE Papua New Guinea 05°51´S 154°58´E

58 F11 Balbina, Represa d NW Brazil 43 T15 Balboa West Panamá, C Panama 08°55´N 79°36´W 97 G17 Balbriggan Ir. Baile Brigín. E Ireland 53°37´N 06°11´W Balbunar see Kubrat 81 N17 Balcad Shabeellaha Dhexe, C Somalia 02°19´N 45°19´E 61 D23 Balcarce Buenos Aires, E Argentina 37°51´S 58°16´W 11 U16 Balcarres Saskatchewan, S Canada 50°49´N 103°31´W 114 O8 Balchik Dobrich, NE Bulgaria

37 O13

105 X11

169 S9 12 J8 12 K7 12 K7 13 N6 99 J16 171 O3 154 P11 77 S12 127 T1 42 J4 11 O17 29 N3 114 L9 122 L14 11 U16 81 J19 158 K6 141 R16 152 F13 169 U17 169 T17 111 K16 171 Y14 136 C12 136 C12 138 L3 169 V12 169 T16 171 N9 186 B8 101 H23 116 F11 171 O1 138 K3 98 K7 146 B11

121 R6

146 B9

145 P8

149 O2 149 P2 145 T13

145 T13

43°25´N 28°11´E

96 H10

46°15´S 169°45´E

180 M12

185 E24 Balclutha Otago, South Island, New Zealand 25 Q12 Balcones Escarpment escarpment Texas, SW USA 18 F14 Bald Eagle Creek j Pennsylvania, NE USA Baldenburg see Biały Bór 21 V12 Bald Head Island island North Carolina, SE USA 27 W10 Bald Knob Arkansas, C USA

35°18´N 91°34´W 30 K17 Bald Knob hill Illinois, N USA Baldohn see Baldone 118 G9 Baldone Ger. Baldohn. W Latvia 56°46´N 24°18´E 22 I9 Baldwin Louisiana, S USA 29°50´N 91°32´W 31 P7 Baldwin Michigan, N USA 43°54´N 85°50´W 27 Q4 Baldwin City Kansas, C USA 38°43´N 95°12´W

39 N8 Baldwin Peninsula headland Alaska, USA 66°45´N 162°19´W

18 H9 Baldwinsville New York, NE USA 43°09´N 76°19´W 23 N2 Baldwyn Mississippi, S USA 34°30´N 88°38´W

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

97 C16 92 H10 97 H14 183 N12 180 K11 76 L11 40 D7 40 D5 195 R17 40 J7 114 M13

51°29´N 100°46´W

Baldy Mountain l Montana, NW USA 48°09´N 109°39´W Baldy Peak l Arizona, SW USA 33°56´N 109°37´W Bâle see Basel Balearic Plain see Algerian Basin Baleares see Illes Baleares Baleares, Islas Eng. Balearic Islands. island group Spain, W Mediterranean Sea Baleares Major see Mallorca Balearic Islands see Baleares, Islas Balearis Minor see Menorca Baleh, Batang j East Malaysia Baleine, Grande Rivière de la j Québec, E Canada Baleine, Petite Rivière de la j Québec, SE Canada Baleine, Petite Rivière de la j Québec, NE Canada Baleine, Rivière à la j Québec, E Canada Balen Antwerpen, N Belgium 51°12´N 05°12´E Baler Luzon, N Philippines 15°47´N 121°30´E Bāleshwar prev. Balasore. Odisha, E India 21°31´N 86°59´E Baléyara Tillabéri, W Niger 13°48´N 02°57´E Balezino Udmurtskaya Respublika, NW Russian Federation 57°57´N 53°03´E Balfate Colón, N Honduras 15°47´N 86°24´W Balfour British Columbia, SW Canada 49°39´N 116°57´W Balfour North Dakota, N USA 47°55´N 100°34´W Balfrush see Bābol Balgarka , Bŭlgarka. E Bulgaria 42°43´N 26°19´E Balgazyn Respublika Tyva, S Russian Federation 50°53´N 95°12´E Balgonie Saskatchewan, S Canada 50°30´N 104°12´W Bălgrad see Alba Iulia Balguda spring/well S Kenya 01°28´S 39°50´E Balguntay Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 42°45´N 86°18´E Balḩāf S Yemen 14°02´N 48°16´E Bāli Rājasthān, N India 25°10´N 73°20´E Bali r province S Indonesia Bali island C Indonesia Balice k (Kraków) Małopolskie, S Poland 49°57´N 19°49´E Baliem, Sungai j Papua, E Indonesia Balıkesir Balıkesir, W Turkey 39°38´N 27°52´E Balıkesir r province NW Turkey Balīkh, Nahr j N Syria Balikpapan Borneo, C Indonesia 01°15´S 116°50´E Bali, Laut Eng. Bali Sea. sea C Indonesia Balimbing Tawitawi, SW Philippines 05°10´N 120°00´E Balimo Western, SW Papua New Guinea 08°00´S 143°00´E Bálinc see Balin Balingen BadenWürttemberg, SW Germany 48°16´N 08°51´E Balin Hung. Bálinc. Timiș, W Romania 45°48´N 21°54´E Balintang Channel channel N Philippines Bālis Ḩalab, N Syria 36°01´N 38°03´E Bali Sea see Bali, Laut Balk Fryslân, N Netherlands 52°54´N 05°34´E Balkanabat Rus. Nebitdag. Balkan Welaýaty, W Turkmenistan 39°33´N 54°19´E Balkan Mountains Bul./SCr. Stara Planina. m Bulgaria/ Serbia Balkanskiy Welayat see Balkan Welaýaty Balkan Welaýaty Rus. Balkanskiy Velayat. r province W Turkmenistan Balkash see Balkhash Balkashino Akmola, N Kazakhstan 52°36´N 68°46´E Balkash, Ozero see Balkhash, Ozero Balkh anc. Bactra. Balkh, N Afghanistan 36°46´N 66°54´E Balkh r province N Afghanistan Balkhash Kaz. Balqash, var. Balkash. Karaganda, SE Kazakhstan 46°52´N 74°55´E Balkhash, Lake see Balkhash, Ozero Balkhash, Ozero var. Ozero Balkash, Eng. Lake Balkhash, Kaz. Balqash. c SE Kazakhstan Balla Balla see Mbalabala Ballachulish N Scotland, United Kingdom 56°40´N 05°10´W Balladonia Western Australia 32°21´S 123°32´E Ballaghaderreen Ir. Bealach an Doirín. C Ireland 53°51´N 08°29´W Ballangen Lapp. Bálák. Nordland, NW Norway 68°18´N 16°48´E Ballantrae W Scotland, United Kingdom 55°05´N 05°W Ballarat Victoria, SE Australia 37°36´S 143°51´E Ballard, Lake salt lake Western Australia Ballari see Bellary Ballé Koulikoro, W Mali 15°18´N 08°31´W Ballenas, Bahía de bay NW Mexico Ballenas, Canal de channel NW Mexico Balleny Islands island group Antarctica Balleza var. San Pablo Balleza. Chihuahua, N Mexico 26°55´N 106°21´W Ballı Tekirdağ, NW Turkey 40°48´N 27°03´E

Administrative Regions International Airport

153 O13 Ballia Uttar Pradesh, N India 25°45´N 84°09´E

Ballina New South Wales, SE Australia 28°50´S 153°37´E 97 C16 Ballina Ir. Béal an Átha. W Ireland 54°07´N 09°09´W 97 D16 Ballinamore Ir. Béal an Átha Móir. NW Ireland 183 V4

54°03´N 07°47´W

97 D18 Ballinasloe Ir. Béal Átha na Sluaighe. W Ireland 25 P8 97 C17 97 A21 97 D15 103 T7

113 K21 98 K4 97 F16 97 E14 97 G14

97 G15 97 E16 97 C17 97 G14

97 F14

97 G15

97 D16 97 D15 63 H19 63 G23 111 N22 108 E10 182 L12 24 K9

148 M12 82 B13

147 W7 Balykchy Kir. Ysyk-Köl; prev. Issyk-Kul’, Rybach’ye. Issyk-Kul’skaya Oblast’, NE Kyrgyzstan 42°29´N 76°08´E 56 B7 Balzar Guayas, W Ecuador 108 I8

25°50´N 72°21´E

145 V14 Balpyk Bi prev. Kirovskiy, Kaz. Kīrov. Almaty, SE Kazakhstan 44°54´N 78°13´E Balqā’/Balqā’, Muḩāfaat al see Al Balqā’ Balqash see Balkhash/ Balkhash, Ozero 152 M12 Balrāmpur Uttar Pradesh, N India 27°25´N 82°10´E 182 M9 Balranald New South Wales, SE Australia 34°39´S 143°33´E 116 H14 Balş Olt, S Romania 44°20´N 24°06´E

77 Y13 Bama Borno, NE Nigeria 11°28´N 13°46´E

76 L12 Bamako a (Mali) Capital District, SW Mali 12°39´N 08°02´W

77 P10 Bamba Gao, C Mali 17°03´N 01°19´W

42 M8 Bambana, Río j NE Nicaragua 79 J15 Bambari Ouaka, C Central African Republic 05°45´N 20°37´E

79 H16 83 I24 79 D14 10 K17

79 J14 78 J13

146 149 149

81

191 59 57 97 79 76 40 181 191 59 23 151

114

136 159 97

Balsthal Solothurn, NW Switzerland

Baltimore-Washington k Maryland, E USA

Baltischport/Baltiski see Paldiski Baltiskoye More see Baltic Sea 119 A14 Baltiysk Ger. Pillau. Kaliningradskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation

54°39´N 19°54´E Baltkrievija see Belarus 119 H14 Baltoji Voke Vilnius, SE Lithuania 54°35´N 25°13´E Balūchestān va Sīstān see Sīstān va Balūchestān Baluchistan see Balochistan 171. P5 Balud Masbate, N Philippines 12°03´N 123°12´E 169 T9 Balui, Batang j East Malaysia 153 S13 Bālurghat West Bengal, NE India 25°12´N 88°50´E 118 J8 Balvi NE Latvia 57°07´N 27°14´E

Mountain Mountain Range

97 167 96 14 33 29 154 152

39°10´N 76°40´W

27°13´N 60°28´E Bamu j SW Papua New Guinea E12 Bamy Rus. Bami. Ahal Welaýaty, C Turkmenistan 38°42´N 56°47´E P4 Bāmyān prev. Bāmīān. Bāmyān, NE Afghanistan 34°50´N 67°50´E O4 Bāmyān prev. Bāmīān. r province C Afghanistan Bán see Bánovce nad Bebravou N17 Banaadir off. Gobolka Banaadir. r region S Somalia Banaadir, Gobolka see Banaadir N3 Banaba var. Ocean Island. island Tungaru, W Kiribati O14 Banabuiú, Açude d NE Brazil O19 Bañados del Izozog salt lake SE Bolivia D18 Banagher Ir. Beannchar. C Ireland 53°12´N 07°56´W M17 Banalia Orientale, N Dem. Rep. Congo 01°33´N 25°23´E L12 Banamba Koulikoro, W Mali 13°29´N 07°22´W G4 Banámichi Sonora, NW Mexico 30°00´N 110°14´W Y9 Banana Queensland, E Australia 24°33´S 150°07´E Z2 Banana prev. Main Camp. Kiritimati, E Kiribati 02°00´N 157°25´W K16 Bananal, Ilha do island C Brazil Y12 Banana River lagoon Florida, SE USA Q22 Bananga Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India, NE Indian Ocean 06°57´N 93°54´E Banaras see Vārānasi N13 Banarlı Tekirdağ, NW Turkey 41°04´N 27°21´E H12 Banās j N India Z11 Banās, Rās headland E Egypt 23°55´N 35°47´E N10 Banatski Karlovac Vojvodina, NE Serbia 45°03´N 21°02´E P16 Banā, Wādī dry watercourse SW Yemen E14 Banaz Uşak, W Turkey 38°47´N 29°46´E E14 Banaz Çayı j W Turkey P14 Banbar var. Coka. Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 31°01´N 94°43´E G15 Banbridge Ir. Droichead na Banna. SE Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 54°21´N 06°16´W Ban Bua Yai see Bua Yai M21 Banbury S England, United Kingdom 52°04´N 01°20´W O7 Ban Chiang Dao Chiang Mai, NW Thailand 19°22´N 98°59´E K9 Banchory NE Scotland, United Kingdom 58°05´N 00°35´W J13 Bancroft Ontario, SE Canada 45°03´N 77°52´W R15 Bancroft Idaho, NW USA 42°43´N 111°54´W U11 Bancroft Iowa, C USA 43°17´N 94°13´W I9 Bānda Madhya Pradesh, C India 24°01´N 78°59´E L13 Bānda Uttar Pradesh, N India 25°28´N 80°20´E F7 Banda Aceh var. Banda Atjeh; prev. Koetaradja, Kutaradja, Kutaraja. Sumatera, W Indonesia 05°30´N 95°20´E Banda Atjeh see Banda Aceh S14 Banda, Kepulauan island group E Indonesia Banda, Laut see Banda Sea N17 Bandama var. Bandama Fleuve. j S Ivory Coast N15 Bandama Blanc j C Ivory Coast Bandama Fleuve see Bandama Bandar ‘Abbās see Bandar-e ‘Abbās W16 Bandarban Chittagong, SE Bangladesh 22°13´N 92°13´E Q13 Bandarbeyla var. Bender Beila, Bender Beyla. Bari, NE Somalia 09°28´N 50°48´E

27°00´N 55°50´E

26°34´N 54°52´E

142 L10 Bandar-e Māhshahr var. Māh-Shahr; prev. Bandar-e Ma‘shūr. Khūzestān, SW Iran

143 O14

143 P4

168 M15

186 C8

136

47°45´N 27°57´E Baltic Port see Paldiski 118 B10 Baltic Sea Ger. Ostee, Rus. Baltiskoye More. sea N Europe 21 X3 Baltimore Maryland, NE USA 39°17´N 76°37´W 31 T13 Baltimore Ohio, N USA 39°48´N 82°33´W

14°43´N 16°26´W Bambio Sangha-Mbaéré, SW Central African Republic 03°57´N 16°54´E Bamboesberge l S South Africa 31°24´S 26°10´E Bamenda Nord-Ouest, W Cameroon 05°55´N 10°09´E Bamfield Vancouver Island, British Columbia, SW Canada 48°48´N 125°05´W Bami see Bamy Bamingui BaminguiBangoran, C Central African Republic 07°38´N 20°06´E Bamingui j N Central African Republic

78 J13 Bamingui-Bangoran r prefecture N Central African Republic 143 V13 Bampūr Sīstān va Balūchestān, SE Iran

40 M15 Balsas, Río var. Río Mexcala. j S Mexico 43 W16 Balsas, Río j SE Panama 119 O18 Bal’shavik Rus. Bol’shevik. Homyel’skaya Voblasts’, SE Belarus 52°34´N 30°53´E 95 O15 Bålsta Uppsala, C Sweden

47°18´N 07°42´E

25°50´N 57°30´E

Bandar-e Langeh see Bandar-e Lengeh 143 Q14 Bandar-e Lengeh var. Bandar-e Langeh, Lingeh. Hormozgān, S Iran

19°00´S 146°16´E

141

117 O8 Balta Odes’ka Oblast’, SW Ukraine 47°58´N 29°39´E 105 N5 Baltanás Castilla y León, N Spain 41°56´N 04°12´W 61 E16 Baltasar Brum Artigas, N Uruguay 30°44´S 57°19´W 116 M9 Băli Rus. Bel’tsy. N Moldova

25°35´N 58°06´E

143 O13 Bandar-e Kangān var. Kangān. Būshehr, S Iran

101 K19 Bamberg Bayern, SE Germany 49°54´N 10°53´E 21 R14 Bamberg South Carolina, SE USA 33°16´N 81°02´W 79 M16 Bambesa Orientale, N Dem. Rep. Congo 03°25´N 25°43´E 76 G11 Bambey W Senegal

112

59°31´N 17°32´E

29°33´N 50°39´E

143 T15 Bandar-e Jāsk var. Jāsk. Hormozgān, SE Iran

143 R14 Bandar-e Khamīr Hormozgān, S Iran

152 75

07°30´S 46°W

27°50´N 51°55´E

142 M11 Bandar-e Gonāveh var. Ganāveh; prev. Gonāveh. Būshehr, SW Iran

181 W5 Bambaroo Queensland, NE Australia

14 H11 Balsam Creek Ontario, S Canada 46°26´N 79°10´W 30 I5 Balsam Lake Wisconsin, N USA 45°27´N 92°28´W 14 I14 Balsam Lake c Ontario, SE Canada 59 M14 Balsas Maranhão, E Brazil

21 X3

47°04´N 09°32´E

143 T12 Bam Kermān, SE Iran 29°08´N 58°27´E

53°20´N 08°13´W Ballinger Texas, SW USA 31°44´N 99°57´W Ballinrobe Ir. Baile an Róba. W Ireland 53°37´N 09°14´W Ballinskelligs Bay Ir. Bá na Scealg. inlet SW Ireland Ballintra Ir. Baile an tSratha. NW Ireland 54°35´N 08°07´W Ballon d’Alsace l NE France 47°50´N 06°54´E Ballon de Guebwiller see Grand Ballon Ballsh var. Ballshi. Fier, SW Albania 40°35´N 19°45´E Ballshi see Ballsh Ballum Fryslân, N Netherlands 53°27´N 05°40´E Ballybay Ir. Béal Átha Beithe. N Ireland 54°08´N 06°54´W Ballybofey Ir. Bealach Féich. NW Ireland 54°49´N 07°47´W Ballycastle Ir. Baile an Chaistil. N Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 55°12´N 06°14´W Ballyclare Ir. Bealach Cláir. E Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 54°45´N 06°W Ballyconnell Ir. Béal Átha Conaill. N Ireland 54°07´N 07°35´W Ballyhaunis Ir. Beál Átha hAmhnais. W Ireland 53°45´N 08°45´W Ballymena Ir. An Baile Meánach. NE Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 54°52´N 06°17´W Ballymoney Ir. Baile Monaidh. NE Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 55°10´N 06°30´W Ballynahinch Ir. Baile na hInse. SE Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 54°24´N 05°54´W Ballysadare Ir. Baile Easa Dara. NW Ireland 54°13´N 08°30´W Ballyshannon Ir. Béal Átha Seanaidh. NW Ireland 54°30´N 08°11´W Balmaceda Aisén, S Chile 45°52´S 72°43´W Balmaceda, Cerro l S Chile 51°27´S 73°26´W Balmazújváros Hajdú-Bihar, E Hungary 47°36´N 21°18´E Balmhorn l SW Switzerland 46°27´N 07°41´E Balmoral Victoria, SE Australia 37°16´S 141°38´E Balmorhea Texas, SW USA 30°58´N 103°44´W Balneario Claromecó see Claromecó Balochistan prev. Baluchistan, Beluchistan. r province SW Pakistan Balombo Port. Norton de Matos, Vila Norton de Matos. Benguela, W Angola 12°21´S 14°46´E Balombo j W Angola

82 B13 181 X10 Balonne River j Queensland, E Australia 152 E13 Bālotra Rājasthān, N India

108 E7

01°25´S 79°54´W

Balzers S Liechtenstein

143 R14 Bandar-e ‘Abbās var. Bandar ‘Abbās; prev. Gombroon. Hormozgān, S Iran 27°11´N 56°11´E 142 M3 Bandar-e Anzalī Gīlān, NW Iran 37°26´N 49°29´E 143 N12 Bandar-e Būshehr var. Būshehr, Eng. Bushire. Būshehr, S Iran 28°59´N 50°50´E 143 O13 Bandar-e Dayyer var. Deyyer. Būshehr, SE Iran

168

171 77 77

153 80

Volcano River

Lake Reservoir

169 T7 169 T7 171 R15 104 H5 59 G15 59 N20 83 K19 62 L8 25 Q11 40 J13 77 O11 152 I12 136 C11

97 C21 32 E14 167 R8 167 Q6 172 J14 79 H20

79 I21

169 O16 116 L15 142 J4 44 I7 11 P16 96 K8 96 K8 77 N14 155 H19

153 S16 79 L15 186 D7 171 P12 171 Q12 171 X13 169 V6 152 K5 121 P13

30°34´N 49°10´E Bandar-e Ma‘shūr see Bandar-e Māhshahr Bandar-e Nakhīlū Hormozgān, S Iran Bandar-e Shāh see Bandar-e Torkaman Bandar-e Torkaman var. Bandar-e Torkeman, Bandar-e Torkman; prev. Bandar-e Shāh. Golestán, N Iran 36°55´N 54°05´E Bandar-e Torkeman/ Bandar-e Torkman see Bandar-e Torkaman Bandar Kassim see Boosaaso Bandar Lampung var. Bandarlampung, Tanjungkarang-Telukbetung; prev. Tandjoengkarang, Tanjungkarang, Teloekbetoeng, Telukbetung. Sumatera, W Indonesia 05°28´S 105°16´E Bandarlampung see Bandar Lampung Bandar Maharani see Muar Bandar Masulipatnam see Machilīpatnam Bandar Penggaram see Batu Pahat Bandar Seri Begawan prev. Brunei Town. a (Brunei) N Brunei 04°56´N 114°58´E Bandar Seri Begawan k N Brunei 04°56´N 114°58´E Banda Sea var. Laut Banda. sea E Indonesia Bande Galicia, NW Spain 42°01´N 07°58´W Bandeirantes Mato Grosso, W Brazil 09°04´S 57°53´W Bandeira, Pico da l SE Brazil 20°25´S 41°45´W Bandelierkop Limpopo, NE South Africa 23°21´S 29°46´E Bandera Santiago del Estero, N Argentina 28°53´S 62°15´W Bandera Texas, SW USA 29°44´N 99°06´W Banderas, Bahía de bay W Mexico Bandiagara Mopti, C Mali 14°20´N 03°37´W Bāndīkūi Rājasthān, N India 27°01´N 76°33´E Bandırma var. Penderma. Balıkesir, NW Turkey 40°21´N 27°58´E Bandjarmasin see Banjarmasin Bandoeng see Bandung Bandon Ir. Droicheadna Bandan. SW Ireland 51°44´N 08°44´W Bandon Oregon, NW USA 43°07´N 124°24´W Ban Dong Bang Nong Khai, E Thailand 18°00´N 104°08´E Ban Donkon Oudômxai, N Laos 20°20´N 101°37´E Bandrélé SE Mayotte Bandundu prev. Banningville. Bandundu, W Dem. Rep. Congo 03°19´S 17°24´E Bandundu off. Région de Bandundu. r region W Dem. Rep. Congo Bandundu, Région de see Bandundu Bandung prev. Bandoeng. Jawa, C Indonesia 06°47´S 107°28´E Băneasa Constana, SW Romania 45°56´N 27°55´E Bāneh Kordestān, N Iran 35°58´N 45°54´E Banes Holguín, E Cuba 20°58´N 75°43´W Banff Alberta, SW Canada 51°10´N 115°34´W Banff NE Scotland, United Kingdom 57°39´N 02°33´W Banff cultural region NE Scotland, United Kingdom Bánffyhunyad see Huedin Banfora SW Burkina Faso 10°36´N 04°45´W Bangalore var. Bengalooru, Bengaluru. state capital Karnātaka, S India 12°58´N 77°35´E Bangaon West Bengal, NE India 23°01´N 88°50´E Bangassou Mbomou, SE Central African Republic 04°51´N 22°55´E Bangeta, Mount l C Papua New Guinea 06°11´S 147°02´E Banggai, Kepulauan island group C Indonesia Banggai, Pulau island Kepulauan Banggai, N Indonesia Banggelapa Papua, E Indonesia 03°47´S 136°53´E Banggi see Banggi, Pulau Banggi, Pulau var. Banggi. island East Malaysia Banggong Co var. Pangong Tso. c China/India see also Pangong Tso Banghāzī Eng. Bengazi, Benghazi, It. Bengasi. NE Libya 32°07´N 20°04´E

Bang Hieng – Basle Bang Hieng see Xé Banghiang 169 O13 Bangka-Belitung off. Propinsi Bangka-Belitung. r province W Indonesia 169 P11 Bangkai, Tanjung var. Bankai. headland Borneo, N Indonesia 0°21´N 108°53´E 169 S16 Bangkalan Pulau Madura, C Indonesia 07°05´S 112°44´E 169 N12 Bangka, Pulau island W Indonesia 169 N13 Bangka, Selat strait Sumatera, W Indonesia 169 N13 Bangka, Selat var. Selat Likupang. strait Sulawesi, N Indonesia 168 J11 Bangkinang Sumatera, W Indonesia 0°21´N 100°52´E 168 K12 Bangko Sumatera, W Indonesia 02°05´S 102°20´E Bangkok see Ao Krung Thep Bangkok, Bight of see Krung Thep, Ao 153 T14 Bangladesh off. People’s Republic of Bangladesh; prev. East Pakistan. b republic S Asia Bangladesh, People’s Republic of see Bangladesh 167 V13 Ba Ngoi Khanh Hoa, S Vietnam 11°56´N 109°07´E Ba Ngoi see Cam Ranh Bangong Co see Pangong Tso 97 I18 Bangor NW Wales, United Kingdom 53°13´N 04°08´W 97 G15 Bangor Ir. Beannchar. E Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 54°40´N 05°40´W 19 R6 Bangor Maine, NE USA

183 Q15 Banks Strait strait SW Tasman Sea Ban Kui Nua see Kui Buri 153 R16 Bānkura West Bengal, NE India 23°14´N 87°05´E 167 S8 Ban Lakxao var. Lak Sao. Bolikhamxai, C Laos

186 L8

31 U12 Barberton Ohio, N USA

149 T4

182 J9

167

102 K12 Barbezieux-St-Hilaire Charente, W France

42

81 H14

167 O16 Ban Lam Phai Songkhla, SW Thailand 06°43´N 100°57´E Ban Mae Sot see Mae Sot Ban Mae Suai see Mae Suai Ban Mak Khaeng see Udon Thani 166 M3 Banmauk Sagaing, N Myanmar (Burma)

79

18 I14 Bangor Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°52´N 75°12´W 67 R8 Bangoran j S Central African Republic Bang Phra see Trat Bang Pla Soi see Chon Buri 25 Q8 Bangs Texas, SW USA

35 V15

44°48´N 68°47´W

167 N13

36 I8 93 E15 171 O2 79 I15

79 I15 83 N16 82 K12 121 V13 167 Q7

31°43´N 99°07´W Bang Saphan var. Bang Saphan Yai. Prachuap Khiri Khan, SW Thailand 11°10´N 99°33´E Bang Saphan Yai see Bang Saphan Bangs, Mount l Arizona, SW USA 36°47´N 113°51´W Bangsund Nord-Trøndelag, C Norway 64°22´N 11°22´E Bangued Luzon, N Philippines 17°36´N 120°40´E Bangui a (Central African Republic) Ombella-Mpoko, SW Central African Republic 04°21´N 18°32´E Bangui k Ombella-Mpoko, SW Central African Republic 04°19´N 18°34´E Bangula Southern, S Malawi 16°38´S 35°04´E Bangwaketse see Southern Bangweulu, Lake var. Lake Bengweulu. c N Zambia Banhā var. Benha. N Egypt 30°28´N 31°11´E Ban Hat Yai see Hat Yai Ban Hin Heup Viangchan, C Laos 18°37´N 102°19´E

18°10´N 104°58´E

167 S9 167 Q8 167 S9 167 P7 167 O17 167 N15 167 R7 44 I3

167 S11 149 S7

56 C7

48°43´N 18°15´E

112 I12 Banovići r  Federacija Bosne I Hercegovine, E Bosnia and Herzegovina Banow see Andarāb Ban Pak Phanang see Pak Phanang 167 O7 Ban Pan Nua Lampang, NW Thailand 18°51´N 99°57´E 167 Q9 Ban Phai Khon Kaen, E Thailand 16°00´N 102°42´E 167 Q8 Ban Phônhông var. Phônhông. C Laos 167 T9 167 Q8 167 O11

45 O9 Baní S Dominican Republic

111 J19

77 N12 77 S11 76 M12 77 R13 75 W9 114 K8 21 U7 121 V14 75 O8 138 H5 113 K14

112 J12 112 G11 169 T13 76 F11 76 F11 137 Y13 167 S11

166 M14 77 O11 95 L19 83 K16 167 T11 23 O4 77 Q11 10 I14 187 R12 23 U8 32 K8 185 I19

15°51´N 105°38´E Ban Nakala Savannakhét, S Laos 16°14´N 105°09´E Ban Nakha Viangchan, C Laos 18°13´N 102°29´E Ban Nakham Khammouan, S Laos 17°10´N 105°25´E Ban Namoun Xaignabouli, N Laos 18°40´N 101°34´E Ban Nang Sata Yala, SW Thailand 06°15´N 101°13´E Ban Na San Surat Thani, SW Thailand 08°53´N 99°17´E Ban Nasi Xiangkhoang, N Laos 19°37´N 103°33´E Bannerman Town Eleuthera Island, C The Bahamas 24°38´N 76°09´W Banning California, W USA 33°55´N 116°52´W Banningville see Bandundu Ban Nongsim Champasak, S Laos 14°45´N 106°00´E Bannu prev. Edwardesabad. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, NW Pakistan 33°00´N 70°36´E Bañolas see Banyoles Baños Tungurahua, C Ecuador 01°26´S 78°24´W Bánovce see Bánovce nad Bebravou

111 I19 Bánovce nad Bebravou var. Bánovce, Hung. Bán. Trenčiansky Kraj, W Slovakia

190 I3

18°19´N 70°21´W Bani j S Mali Bāmīān see Bāmyān Banias see Bāniyās Bani Bangou Tillabéri, SW Niger 15°04´N 02°40´E Banifing var. Ngorolaka. j Burkina Faso/Mali Banijska Palanka see Glina Banikoara N Benin 11°18´N 02°26´E Banī Mazār var. Beni Mazâr. C Egypt 28°29´N 30°48´E Baniski Lom j N Bulgaria Banister River j Virginia, NE USA Banī Suwayf var. Beni Suef. N Egypt 29°09´N 31°04´E Banī Walīd NW Libya 31°46´N 13°59´E Bāniyās var. Banias, Baniyas, Paneas. Tarţūs, W Syria 35°12´N 35°57´E Banja Serbia, W Serbia 43°33´N 19°35´E Banjak, Kepulauan see Banyak, Kepulauan Banja Koviljača Serbia, W Serbia 44°31´N 19°11´E Banja Luka r  Republika Srpska, NW Bosnia and Herzegovina Banjarmasin prev. Bandjarmasin. Borneo, C Indonesia 03°22´S 114°33´E Banjul prev. Bathurst. a (Gambia) W Gambia 13°26´N 16°43´W Banjul k W Gambia 13°18´N 16°39´W Bank see Bankä Bankä Rus. Bank. SE Azerbaijan 39°25´N 49°13´E Ban Kadian var. Ban Kadiene. Champasak, S Laos 14°25´N 105°42´E Ban Kadiene see Ban Kadian Bankai see Bangkai, Tanjung Ban Kam Phuam Phangnga, SW Thailand 09°16´N 98°24´E Ban Kantang see Kantang Bankass Mopti, S Mali 14°05´N 03°30´W Bankeryd Jönköping, S Sweden 57°51´N 14°07´E Banket Mashonaland West, N Zimbabwe 17°23´S 30°24´E Ban Khamphô Attapu, S Laos 14°35´N 106°18´E Bankhead Lake d Alabama, S USA Bankilaré Tillabéri, SW Niger 14°34´N 00°41´E Banks, Îles see Banks Islands Banks Island island British Columbia, SW Canada Banks Islands Fr. Îles Banks. island group N Vanuatu Banks Lake c Georgia, SE USA Banks Lake d Washington, NW USA Banks Peninsula peninsula South Island, New Zealand

160 163

24°26´N 95°54´E

Banmo see Bhamo 167 T10 Ban Mun-Houamuang S Laos 15°11´N 106°44´E 97 F14 Bann var. Lower Bann, Upper Bann. j N Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 167 S10 Ban Nadou Salavan, S Laos

Ban Houayxay/Ban Houei Sai see Houayxay 167 O12 Ban Hua Hin var. Hua Hin. Prachuap Khiri Khan, SW Thailand 12°34´N 99°58´E 79 L14 Bani Haute-Kotto, E Central African Republic 07°06´N 22°51´E

163

167 N10

111 K20 167 R8

152 G15 167 N15 167 S8 77 R15 167 Q11

167 N16 167 Q8 167 T9 97 B21 97 A21 155 F19

114 N9 168 G10 105 U8 79 E14 105 X4 167 N16 195 X14 173 Q14

163 Q12 161 O3

160 J6 163 U9

18°29´N 102°26´E

Ban Phou A Douk Khammouan, C Laos 17°12´N 106°07´E Ban Phu Uthai Thani, W Thailand Ban Pong Ratchaburi, W Thailand 13°49´N 99°53´E Banraeaba Tarawa, W Kiribati 01°20´N 173°02´E Ban Sai Yok Kanchanaburi, W Thailand 14°24´N 98°54´E Ban Sattahip/Ban Sattahipp see Sattahip Ban Sichon see Sichon Ban Si Racha see Si Racha Banská Bystrica Ger. Neusohl, Hung. Besztercebánya. Banskobystricky Kraj, C Slovakia 48°46´N 19°08´E Banskobystrický Kraj r region C Slovakia Ban Sôppheung Bolikhamxai, C Laos 18°33´N 104°18´E Ban Sop Prap see Sop Prap Bānswāra Rājasthān, N India 23°32´N 74°28´E Ban Ta Khun Surat Thani, SW Thailand 08°53´N 98°52´E Ban Takua Pa see Takua Pa Ban Talak Khammouan, C Laos 17°33´N 105°40´E Bantè W Benin 08°25´N 01°58´E Bânteay Méan Choăy var. Sisŏphŏn. Bătdâmbâng, NW Cambodia 13°37´N 102°58´E Banten off. Propinsi Banten. r province W Indonesia Propinsi Banten see Banten Ban Thabôk Bolikhamxai, C Laos 18°21´N 103°12´E Ban Tôp Savannakhét, S Laos 16°07´N 106°07´E Bantry Ir. Beanntraí. Cork, SW Ireland 51°41´N 09°27´W Bantry Bay Ir. Bá Bheanntraí. bay SW Ireland Bantvāl var. Bantwāl. Karnātaka, E India 12°57´N 75°04´E Bantwāl see Bantvāl Banya Burgas, E Bulgaria 42°46´N 27°49´E Banyak, Kepulauan prev. Kepulauan Banjak. island group NW Indonesia Banya, La headland E Spain 40°34´N 00°37´E Banyo Adamaoua, NW Cameroon 06°47´N 11°50´E Banyoles var. Bañolas. Cataluña, NE Spain 42°07´N 02°46´E Ban Yong Sata Trang, SW Thailand 07°09´N 99°42´E Banzare Coast physical region Antarctica Banzare Seamounts undersea feature S Indian Ocean Banzart see Bizerte Baochang var. Taibus Qi. Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China 41°55´N 115°22´E Baoding var. Pao-ting; prev. Tsingyuan. Hebei, E China 38°47´N 115°30´E Baoebaoe see Baubau Baoi, Oileán see Dursey Island Baoji var. Pao-chi, Paoki. Shaanxi, C China 34°23´N 107°16´E Baokang var. Hoqin Zuoyi Zhongji. Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China 44°08´N 123°18´E

Country Country Capital

76 76

103 14

159 138 139 62

113 116 80 81 152 30 30

15 44 61 183

81 45 153 80 149

154 55 155 152 119 152

119

123

75 116 39

111 111 153 22

118 54 59 54 54 45 47 105

114 74 105 104 104 83

Baolo Santa Isabel, N Solomon Islands 07°41´S 158°47´E U13 Bao Lôc Lâm Ðông, S Vietnam 11°33´N 107°48´E Z7 Baoqing Heilongjiang, NE China 46°15´N 132°12´E Baoqing see Shaoyang H15 Baoro Nana-Mambéré, W Central African Republic 05°40´N 16°00´E E12 Baoshan var. Pao-shan. Yunnan, SW China 25°05´N 99°07´E N13 Baotou var. Pao-t’ou, Paotow. Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China 40°38´N 109°59´E L14 Baoulé j S Mali K12 Baoulé j W Mali Bao Yèn see Phô Rang Ba-Pahalaborwa see Phalaborwa O2 Bapaume Pas-de-Calais, N France 50°06´N 02°50´E J13 Baptiste Lake c Ontario, SE Canada Bapu see Meigu Baqanas see Bakanas Baqbaqty see Bakbakty P14 Baqên var. Dartang. Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 31°50´N 94°08´E F14 Bāqir, Jabal m S Jordan T7 Ba‘qūbah var. Qubba. Diyālá, C Iraq 33°45´N 44°40´E Ba‘qūbah see Diyālá H5 Baquedano Antofagasta, N Chile 23°20´S 69°50´W Baquerizo Moreno see Puerto Baquerizo Moreno J18 Bar It. Antivari. S Montenegro 42°02´N 19°09´E M6 Bar Vinnyts’ka Oblast’, C Ukraine 49°05´N 27°40´E E10 Bara Northern Kordofan, C Sudan 13°42´N 30°21´E M18 Baraawe It. Brava. Shabeellaha Hoose, S Somalia 01°10´N 43°59´E M12 Bāra Banki Uttar Pradesh, N India 26°56´N 81°11´E L8 Baraboo Wisconsin, N USA 43°27´N 89°45´W K8 Baraboo Range hill range Wisconsin, N USA Baracaldo see San Vicente de Barakaldo Y6 Barachois Québec, SE Canada 48°37´N 64°14´W J7 Baracoa Guantánamo, E Cuba 20°23´N 74°31´W C19 Baradero Buenos Aires, E Argentina 33°50´S 59°30´W R6 Baradine New South Wales, SE Australia 30°55´S 149°03´E Baraf Daja Islands see Damar, Kepulauan Baragarh see Bargarh I17 Baragoi Samburu, W Kenya 01°39´N 36°46´E N9 Barahona SW Dominican Republic 18°13´N 71°07´W W13 Barail Range m NE India Baraka see Barka G10 Barakat Gezira, C Sudan 14°18´N 33°32´E Barakī see Barakī Barak Q6 Barakī Barak var. Barakī, Baraki Rajan. Lōgar, E Afghanistan 33°58´N 68°58´E Baraki Rajan see Barakī Barak N11 Bārākot Odisha, E India 21°35´N 85°00´E S7 Barama River j N Guyana E14 Bārāmati Mahārāshtra, W India 18°12´N 74°39´E H5 Bāramūla Jammu and Kashmir, NW India 34°15´N 74°24´E N14 Baran’ Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’, NE Belarus 54°29´N 30°18´E I14 Bārān Rājasthān, N India 25°08´N 76°32´E Barānān, Shākh-i see Beranan, Shax-î I17 Baranavichy Pol. Baranowicze, Rus. Baranovichi. Brestskaya Voblasts’, SW Belarus 53°08´N 26°02´E T6 Baranikha Chukotskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug, NE Russian Federation 68°29´N 168°13´E Y11 Baranīs var. Berenice, Mînâ Baranîs. SE Egypt 23°58´N 35°29´E M4 Baranivka Zhytomyrs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 50°16´N 27°40´E W14 Baranof Island island Alexander Archipelago, Alaska, USA Baranovichi/Baranowicze see Baranavichy N15 Baranów Sandomierski Podkarpackie, SE Poland 50°28´N 21°31´E I26 Baranya off. Baranya Megye. r county S Hungary Baranya Megye see Baranya R13 Barāri Bihār, NE India 25°31´N 87°23´E L10 Barataria Bay bay Louisiana, S USA Barat Daya, Kepulauan see Damar, Kepulauan L12 Baravukha Rus. Borovukha. Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’, N Belarus 55°34´N 28°36´E E11 Baraya Huila, C Colombia 03°11´N 75°04´W M21 Barbacena Minas Gerais, SE Brazil 21°13´S 43°47´W B13 Barbacoas Nariño, SW Colombia 01°38´N 78°08´W L6 Barbacoas Aragua, N Venezuela 09°29´N 66°58´W Z13 Barbados b commonwealth republic SE West Indies S3 Barbados island Barbados U11 Barbaria, Cap de var. Cabo de Berberia. headland Formentera, E Spain 38°39´N 01°24´E N13 Barbaros Tekirdağ, NW Turkey 40°55´N 27°28´E A11 Barbas, Cap headland S Western Sahara 22°14´N 16°45´W T5 Barbastro Aragón, NE Spain 42°02´N 00°07´E K16 Barbate j SW Spain K16 Barbate de Franco Andalucía, S Spain 36°11´N 05°55´W K21 Barberton Mpumalanga, NE South Africa 25°48´S 31°03´E

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

41°02´N 81°37´W 45°28´N 00°09´W

54 G9 Barbosa Boyaca, C Colombia 05°57´N 73°37´W

21 N7 Barbourville Kentucky, S USA 36°52´N 83°54´W 45 W9 Barbuda island N Antigua and Barbuda 181 W8 Barcaldine Queensland, E Australia 23°33´S 145°21´E Barcarozsnyó see Râşnov 104 I11 Barcarrota Extremadura, W Spain 38°31´N 06°51´W Barcău see Berettyó Barce see Al Marj 107 L23 Barcellona var. Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto. Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea

105 55 105 105 103 58 104 110

111 137 78 139 92 92 139 153 111 105

106 106 97 143 20 20 152

98 102 92

92 197 125 197 80 102 102

158 80 154 105 81 106 153 123 153 183 152 19 153 153 107 80 167 81

38°10´N 15°15´E Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto see Barcellona W6 Barcelona anc. Barcino, Barcinona. Cataluña, E Spain 41°25´N 02°10´E N5 Barcelona Anzoátegui, NE Venezuela 10°08´N 64°43´W S5 Barcelona r province Cataluña, NE Spain W6 Barcelona k Cataluña, E Spain 41°25´N 02°10´E U14 Barcelonnette Alpes-deHaute-Provence, SE France 44°24´N 06°37´E E12 Barcelos Amazonas, N Brazil 0°59´S 62°58´W G5 Barcelos Braga, N Portugal 41°32´N 08°37´W I10 Barcin Ger. Bartschin. Kujawski-pomorskie, C Poland 52°51´N 17°55´E Barcino/Barcinona see Barcelona Barcoo see Cooper Creek H26 Barcs Somogy, SW Hungary 45°58´N 17°26´E W11 Bärdä Rus. Barda. C Azerbaijan 40°25´N 47°07´E Barda see Bärdä H5 Bardaï Tibesti, N Chad 21°21´N 16°56´E R2 Bardaŗash Dahūk, N Iraq 36°32´N 43°36´E K3 Bárðarbunga l C Iceland 64°39´N 17°30´W K2 Bárðárdalur valley C Iceland Q7 Bardasah Al Anbār, SW Iraq 34°02´N 42°28´E S16 Barddhamān West Bengal, NE India 23°10´N 88°03´E N18 Bardejov Ger. Bartfeld, Hung. Bártfa. Presovský Kraj, E Slovakia 49°17´N 21°18´E R4 Bárdenas Reales physical region N Spain Bardera/Bardere see Baardheere Bardesīr see Bardsīr E9 Bardi Emilia-Romagna, C Italy 44°39´N 09°44´E A8 Bardonecchia Piemonte, W Italy 45°04´N 06°40´E H19 Bardsey Island island NW Wales, United Kingdom S11 Bardsīr var. Bardesīr, Mashīz. Kermān, C Iran 29°58´N 56°29´E L6 Bardstown Kentucky, S USA 37°49´N 85°29´W Barduli see Barletta G7 Bardwell Kentucky, S USA 36°52´N 89°01´W K11 Bareilly var. Bareli. Uttar Pradesh, N India 28°20´N 79°24´E Bareli see Bareilly Baren see Jiashi H13 Barendrecht ZuidHolland, SW Netherlands 51°52´N 04°31´E M3 Barentin Seine-Maritime, N France 49°33´N 00°57´E N3 Barentsburg Spitsbergen, W Svalbard 78°01´N 14°19´E Barentsevo More/Barents Havet see Barents Sea O3 Barentsøya island E Svalbard T11 Barents Plain undersea feature N Barents Sea P3 Barents Sea Nor. Barents Havet, Rus. Barentsevo More. sea Arctic Ocean U14 Barents Trough undersea feature SW Barents Sea 75°00´N 29°00´E I9 Barentu W Eritrea 15°08´N 37°35´E J3 Barfleur Manche, N France 49°41´N 01°18´W J3 Barfleur, Pointe de headland N France 49°46´N 01°09´W Barfrush/Barfurush see Bābol H14 Barga Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 30°51´N 81°20´E Q12 Bargaal prev. Baargaal. Bari, NE Somalia 11°12´N 51°04´E M12 Bargarh var. Baragarh. Odisha, E India 21°25´N 83°35´E N9 Bargas Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 39°56´N 04°00´W I15 Bargē Southern Nationalities, S Ethiopia 06°11´N 37°04´E A9 Barge Piemonte, NE Italy 44°49´N 07°21´E U16 Barguna Barisal, S Bangladesh 22°09´N 90°07´E Bärguşad see Vorotan N13 Barguzin Respublika Buryatiya, S Russian Federation 53°37´N 109°47´E O13 Barhaj Uttar Pradesh, N India 26°16´N 83°44´E N10 Barham New South Wales, SE Australia 35°39´S 144°09´E J12 Barhan Uttar Pradesh, N India 27°21´N 78°11´E S7 Bar Harbor Mount Desert Island, Maine, NE USA 44°23´N 68°14´W R14 Barharwa Jhārkhand, NE India 24°52´N 87°47´E P15 Barhi Jhārkhand, N India 24°19´N 85°25´E O17 Bari var. Bari delle Puglie; anc. Barium. Puglia, SE Italy 41°06´N 16°52´E P12 Bari Off. Gobolka Bari. r region NE Somalia T14 Ba Ria var. Châu Thanh. Ba Ria-Vung Tau, S Vietnam 10°30´N 107°10´E G21 Bariadi Simiyu, NE Tanzania 02°48´S 33°59´E Bāridah see Al Bāridah Bari delle Puglie see Bari Bari, Gobolka see Bari Barikot see Barīkowṯ

Administrative Regions International Airport

54 54

81 54 154 60 75 152 153 153 168 169

80

160 118 10 14 20 10 83

181

83 159

159 30 25 116 116 76 103 180 180 107 110 27 171 183

152 182 97 154 152 97 183 112 109 18 23 29 31 98 25 27 97 19 97

21 77 67

149 119

Barīkowṯ var. Barikot. Kunar, NE Afghanistan 35°18´N 71°36´E C4 Barillas var. Santa Cruz Barillas. Huehuetenango, NW Guatemala 15°50´N 91°20´W J6 Barinas Barinas, W Venezuela 08°36´N 70°15´W I7 Barinas off. Estado Barinas; prev. Zamora. r state C Venezuela Barinas, Estado see Barinas H18 Baringo r county C Kenya I6 Barinitas Barinas, NW Venezuela 08°45´N 70°26´W P11 Bāripada Odisha, E India 21°56´N 86°43´E K9 Bariri São Paulo, S Brazil 22°04´S 48°46´W W11 Bārīs var. Bârîs. S Egypt 24°28´N 30°39´E G14 Bari Sādri Rājasthān, N India 24°25´N 74°28´E U16 Barisal Barisal, S Bangladesh 22°41´N 90°20´E U16 Barisal r division S Bangladesh I10 Barisan, Pegunungan m Sumatera, W Indonesia T12 Barito, Sungai j Borneo, C Indonesia Barium see Bari Bårjås see Porjus I9 Barka var. Baraka, Ar. Khawr Barakah. seasonal river Eritrea/Sudan Barka see Al Marj H8 Barkam Sichuan, C China 31°56´N 102°22´E J9 Barkava C Latvia 56°43´N 26°34´E M15 Barkerville British Columbia, SW Canada 53°06´N 121°35´W J12 Bark Lake c Ontario, SE Canada H7 Barkley, Lake d Kentucky/ Tennessee, S USA K17 Barkley Sound inlet British Columbia, W Canada J24 Barkly East Afr. Barkly-Oos. Eastern Cape, SE South Africa 30°58´S 27°35´E Barkly-Oos see Barkly East S4 Barkly Tableland plateau Northern Territory/ Queensland, N Australia Barkly-Wes see Barkly West H22 Barkly West Afr. BarklyWes. Northern Cape, N South Africa 28°32´S 24°32´E O5 Barkol var. Barkol Kazak Zizhixian. Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 43°37´N 93°01´E O5 Barkol Hu c NW China Barkol Kazak Zizhixian see Barkol J3 Bark Point headland Wisconsin, N USA 46°53´N 91°11´W P11 Barksdale Texas, SW USA 29°43´N 100°03´W Bar Kunar see Asmār L11 Bârlad prev. Bîrlad. Vaslui, E Romania 46°12´N 27°39´E M11 Bârlad prev. Bîrlad. j E Romania D9 Barlavento, Ilhas de var. Windward Islands. island group N Cape Verde R5 Bar-le-Duc var. Bar-surOrnain. Meuse, NE France 48°46´N 05°10´E K11 Barlee, Lake c Western Australia H8 Barlee Range m Western Australia N16 Barletta anc. Barduli. Puglia, SE Italy 41°20´N 16°17´E E10 Barlinek Ger. Berlinchen. Zachodnio-pomorskie, NW Poland 53°N 15°11´E S11 Barling Arkansas, C USA 35°19´N 94°18´W U12 Barma Papua Barat, E Indonesia 01°55´S 132°57´E Q9 Barmedman New South Wales, SE Australia 34°09´S 147°21´E Barmen-Elberfeld see Wuppertal D12 Bārmer Rājasthān, NW India 25°43´N 71°25´E K9 Barmera South Australia 34°14´S 140°26´E I19 Barmouth NW Wales, United Kingdom 52°44´N 04°04´W F10 Barnagar Madhya Pradesh, C India 23°01´N 75°28´E H9 Barnāla Punjab, NW India 30°26´N 75°33´E L15 Barnard Castle N England, United Kingdom 54°35´N 01°55´W O6 Barnato New South Wales, SE Australia 31°39´S 145°01´E I13 Barnaul Altayskiy Kray, C Russian Federation 53°21´N 83°45´E V8 Bärnbach Steiermark, SE Austria 47°05´N 15°07´E K16 Barnegat New Jersey, NE USA 39°43´N 74°12´W S4 Barnesville Georgia, SE USA 33°03´N 84°09´W R6 Barnesville Minnesota, N USA 46°39´N 96°25´W U13 Barnesville Ohio, N USA 39°59´N 81°10´W K11 Barneveld var. Barnveld. Gelderland, C Netherlands 52°08´N 05°34´E O9 Barnhart Texas, SW USA 31°07´N 101°09´W P8 Barnsdall Oklahoma, C USA 36°33´N 96°09´W M17 Barnsley N England, United Kingdom 53°34´N 01°28´W Q12 Barnstable Massachusetts, NE USA 41°42´N 70°17´W I23 Barnstaple SW England, United Kingdom 51°05´N 04°04´W Barnveld see Barneveld Q14 Barnwell South Carolina, SE USA 33°14´N 81°21´W U15 Baro Niger, C Nigeria 08°35´N 06°28´E U8 Baro var. Baro Wenz. j Ethiopia/Sudan Baro see Baro Wenz Baroda see Vadodara U2 Baroghil Pass var. Kowtal-e Barowghīl. pass Afghanistan/ Pakistan Q17 Baron’ki Rus. Boron’ki. Mahilyowskaya Voblasts’, E Belarus 53°09´N 32°08´E

Mountain Mountain Range

Volcano River

153 U12 31 S7 54 I5 59 N16 96 E9 183 T5 60 L9 64 J12

64 G11 43 N12 43 N9 82 A11 60 O9 61 D16 59 G14 83 N19 96 E10 60 O9 57 D14 54 F8 54 H4 54 J6 55 Q6 54 F6 104 I12 62 N7 54 E4 83 N20 105 P11 19 N11 18 M7 59 M17 104 F11 65 C26 20 K7 60 L7 11 P14 14 G14 11 N16 14 H8 182 L6 42 G3 188 C16

183 T7 183 O4 59 K18 59 N14 30 I5 14 J12 61 H15 45 P14 39 O4 97 E20 181 Q6 97 J16 180 G7 39 O4 11 V14 97 J22 14 J12 144 K14 147 S14 145 V11 155 F14 100 I13 147 X8 100 F10

Barossa Valley valley South Australia Baroui see Salisbury Baro Wenz var. Baro, Nahr Barū. j Ethiopia/Sudan Baro Wenz see Baro Barowghīl, Kowtal-e see Baroghil Pass Barpeta Assam, NE India 26°19´N 91°05´E Barques, Pointe Aux headland Michigan, N USA 44°04´N 82°57´W Barquisimeto Lara, NW Venezuela 10°03´N 69°18´W Barra Bahia, E Brazil 11°06´S 43°15´W Barra island NW Scotland, United Kingdom Barraba New South Wales, SE Australia 30°24´S 150°37´E Barra Bonita São Paulo, S Brazil 22°30´S 48°35´W Barracuda Fracture Zone var. Fifteen Twenty Fracture Zone. tectonic feature SW Atlantic Ocean Barracuda Ridge undersea feature N Atlantic Ocean Barra del Colorado Limón, NE Costa Rica 10°44´N 83°35´W Barra de Río Grande Región Autónoma Atlántico Sur, E Nicaragua 12°56´N 83°30´W Barra do Cuanza Luanda, NW Angola 09°12´S 13°08´E Barra do Piraí Rio de Janeiro, SE Brazil 22°30´S 43°47´W Barra do Quaraí Rio Grande do Sul, SE Brazil 31°03´S 58°10´W Barra do São Manuel Pará, N Brazil 07°12´S 58°03´W Barra Falsa, Ponta da headland S Mozambique 22°57´S 35°36´E Barra Head headland NW Scotland, United Kingdom 56°46´N 07°37´W Barra Mansa Rio de Janeiro, SE Brazil 22°25´S 44°03´W Barranca Lima, W Peru 10°46´S 77°46´W Barrancabermeja Santander, N Colombia 07°01´N 73°51´W Barrancas La Guajira, N Colombia 10°59´N 72°46´W Barrancas Barinas, NW Venezuela 08°47´N 70°07´W Barrancas Monagas, NE Venezuela 08°45´N 62°12´W Barranco de Loba Bolívar, N Colombia 08°56´N 74°07´W Barrancos Beja, S Portugal 38°08´N 06°59´W Barranqueras Chaco, N Argentina 27°29´S 58°54´W Barranquilla Atlántico, N Colombia 10°59´N 74°48´W Barra, Ponta da headland S Mozambique 23°46´S 35°33´E Barrax Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 39°04´N 02°12´W Barre Massachusetts, NE USA 42°24´N 72°06´W Barre Vermont, NE USA 44°09´N 72°25´W Barreiras Bahia, E Brazil 12°09´S 44°58´W Barreiro Setúbal, W Portugal 38°40´N 09°05´W Barren Island island S Falkland Islands Barren River Lake d Kentucky, S USA Barretos São Paulo, S Brazil 20°33´S 48°33´W Barrhead Alberta, SW Canada 54°10´N 114°22´W Barrie Ontario, S Canada 44°22´N 79°42´W Barrière British Columbia, SW Canada 51°10´N 120°06´W Barrière, Lac c Québec, SE Canada Barrier Range hill range New South Wales, SE Australia Barrier Reef reef E Belize Barrigada C Guam 13°27´N 144°48´E Barrington Island see Santa Fe, Isla Barrington Tops l New South Wales, SE Australia 32°06´S 151°18´E Barringun New South Wales, SE Australia 29°02´S 145°45´E Barro Alto Goiás, S Brazil 15°07´S 48°56´W Barro Duro Piauí, NE Brazil 05°49´S 42°30´W Barron Wisconsin, N USA 45°24´N 91°50´W Barron j Ontario, SE Canada Barros Cassal Rio Grande do Sul, S Brazil 29°12´S 52°33´W Barrouallie Saint Vincent , W Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 13°14´N 61°17´W Barrow Alaska, USA 71°17´N 156°47´W Barrow Ir. An Bhearú. j SE Ireland Barrow Creek Roadhouse Northern Territory, N Australia 21°30´S 133°52´E Barrow-in-Furness NW England, United Kingdom 54°07´N 03°14´W Barrow Island island Western Australia Barrow, Point headland Alaska, USA 71°23´N 156°28´W Barrows Manitoba, S Canada 52°49´N 101°36´W Barry S Wales, United Kingdom 51°24´N 03°18´W Barry’s Bay Ontario, SE Canada 45°30´N 77°41´W Barsakel’mes, Ostrov island SW Kazakhstan Baršć Łužyca see Forst Barsem S Tajikistan 37°36´N 71°43´E Barshatas Vostochnyy Kazakhstan, E Kazakhstan 48°13´N 78°33´E Bārsi Mahārāshtra, W India 18°14´N 75°42´E Barsinghausen Niedersachsen, C Germany 53°19´N 09°30´E Barskoon Issyk-Kul’skaya Oblast’, E Kyrgyzstan 42°07´N 77°34´E Barssel Niedersachsen, NW Germany 53°10´N 07°46´E

Lake Reservoir

35 U14 Barstow California, W USA

34°52´N 117°00´W Barstow Texas, SW USA 31°27´N 103°23´W 103 R6 Bar-sur-Aube Aube, NE France 48°13´N 04°43´E Bar-sur-Ornain see Bar-le-Duc 103 Q6 Bar-sur-Seine Aube, N France 48°06´N 04°22´E 147 S13 Bartang S Tajikistan 38°06´N 71°48´E 147 T13 Bartang j SE Tajikistan Bartenstein see Bartoszyce Bártfa/Bartfeld see Bardejov 100 N7 Barth MecklenburgVorpommern, NE Germany 54°21´N 12°43´E

24 L8

27 W13 Bartholomew, Bayou j Arkansas/Louisiana, S USA 55 T8 Bartica N Guyana 06°24´N 58°36´W

136 H10 Bartın Bartın, NW Turkey 41°37´N 32°20´E

136 H10 Bartın r province NW Turkey 181 W4 Bartle Frere l Queensland, E Australia 17°15´S 145°43´E 27 P8 Bartlesville Oklahoma, C USA 36°44´N 95°59´W 29 P14 Bartlett Nebraska, C USA 41°51´N 98°32´W

20 E10 Bartlett Tennessee, S USA 25 T9

35°12´N 89°52´W Bartlett Texas, SW USA 30°47´N 97°25´W

36 L13 Bartlett Reservoir d Arizona, SW USA 19 N6 Barton Vermont, NE USA

44°44´N 72°09´W Bartoszyce Ger. Bartenstein. Warmińsko-mazurskie, NE Poland 54°16´N 20°49´E 23 W12 Bartow Florida, SE USA 27°54´N 81°50´W Bartschin see Barcin

110 L7

168 J10 Barumun, Sungai j Sumatera, W Indonesia Barū, Nahr see Baro Wenz 169 S17 Barung, Nusa island S Indonesia 168 H9 Barus Sumatera, NW Indonesia 02°02´N 98°20´E 162 I9 Baruunbayan-Ulaan var. Höövör. Övörhangay, C Mongolia 45°10´N 101°19´E Baruunsuu see Tsogttsetsiy 163 P8 Baruun-Urt Sühbaatar, E Mongolia 46°40´N 113°17´E 43 P15 Barú, Volcán var. Volcán de Chiriquí. i W Panama 08°49´N 82°32´W

99 K21 Barvaux Luxembourg, SE Belgium 50°21´N 05°30´E 42 M13 Barva, Volcán i NW Costa Rica 10°07´N 84°08´W 117 W6 Barvinkove Kharkivs’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 48°54´N 37°03´E

154 G11 Barwāh Madhya Pradesh, C India 22°17´N 76°01´E Bärwalde Neumark see Mieszkowice 154 F11 Barwāni Madhya Pradesh, C India 22°02´N 74°56´E 183 P5 Barwon River j New South Wales, SE Australia 119 L15 Barysaw Rus. Borisov. Minskaya Voblasts’, NE Belarus 54°14´N 28°30´E 127 Q6 Barysh Ul’yanovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 53°32´N 47°06´E

117 Q4 Baryshivka Kyyivs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 50°21´N 31°21´E

114 G8 Barzia var. Bŭrziya. NW Bulgaria 79 J17 Basankusu Equateur, NW Dem. Rep. Congo 01°12´N 19°50´E

117 N11 Basarabeasca Rus. Bessarabka. SE Moldova 46°22´N 28°56´E

116 M14 Basarabi Constana, SW Romania 44°10´N 28°26´E 40 H6 Basaseachic Chihuahua, NW Mexico 28°18´N 108°13´W Basauri see Arizgoiti 61 D18 Basavilbaso Entre Ríos, E Argentina 32°23´S 58°55´W 79 F21 Bas-Congo off. Région du Bas-Congo; prev. Bas-Zaïre. r region SW Dem. Rep. Congo 108 E6 Basel Eng. Basle, Fr. Bâle. Basel Stadt, NW Switzerland

108 E7 108 E6 143 T14 11 Q15 146 K16 161 T15

122 F11

127 N6 146 J10 117 R9 22 H8 107 M18 33 V13 97 N22 143 U8 112 B10 137 T15 14 L10 137 O14

47°33´N 07°36´E Baselland see Basel Landschaft Basel Landschaft prev. Baselland. r canton NW Switzerland Basel Stadt former canton Basel. r canton NW Switzerland Bashākerd, Kūhhā-ye m SE Iran Bashaw Alberta, SW Canada 52°40´N 112°53´W Bashbedeng Mary Welaýaty, S Turkmenistan 35°44´N 63°07´E Bashi Channel Chin. Pa-shih Hai-hsia. channel Philippines/Taiwan Bashkiria see Bashkortostan, Respublika Bashkortostan, Respublika prev. Bashkiria. r autonomous republic W Russian Federation Bashmakovo Penzenskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 53°13´N 43°00´E Bashsakarba Lebap Welaýaty, NE Turkmenistan 40°25´N 62°16´E Bashtanka Mykolayivs’ka Oblast’, S Ukraine 47°24´N 32°27´E Basile Louisiana, S USA 30°29´N 92°36´W Basilicata r region S Italy Basin Wyoming, C USA 44°22´N 108°02´W Basingstoke S England, United Kingdom 51°16´N 01°08´W Başīrān Khorāsān-e Jonūbī, E Iran 31°57´N 59°07´E Baška It. Bescanuova. Primorje-Gorski Kotar, NW Croatia 44°58´N 14°46´E Başkale Van, SE Turkey 38°03´N 43°59´E Baskatong, Réservoir d Québec, SE Canada Baskil Elazığ, E Turkey 38°38´N 38°47´E Basle see Basel

223

Bāsoda – Beijing 154 H9 Bāsoda Madhya Pradesh, C India 23°54´N 77°58´E 79 L17 Basoko Orientale, N Dem. Rep. Congo 01°14´N 23°26´E Basque Country, The see País Vasco Basra see Al Başrah Basra see Al Başrah Başrah, Muḩāfaᶎat al see Al Başrah 103 U5 Bas-Rhin r department NE France Bassam see Grand-Bassam 11 Q16 Bassano Alberta, SW Canada

97 L22 Bath hist. Akermanceaster; anc. Aquae Calidae, Aquae Solis. SW England, United Kingdom 51°23´N 02°22´W 19 Q8 Bath Maine, NE USA

106 H7 Bassano del Grappa Veneto, NE Italy 45°45´N 11°45´E 77 Q15 Bassar var. Bassari. NW Togo 09°15´N 00°47´E Bassari see Bassar 172 L9 Bassas da India island group W Madagascar 108 D7 Bassecourt Jura, W Switzerland 47°20´N 07°16´E Bassein see Pathein 79 J15 Basse-Kotto r prefecture S Central African Republic 102 J5 Basse-Normandie Eng. Lower Normandy. r region N France 45 Q11 Basse-Pointe N Martinique

152

76 H12 Basse Santa Su E Gambia

196

50°48´N 112°28´W

14°52´N 61°07´W

45 X6 45 V10 45 X6 29 O13 21 S7 37 N15 76 M10 77 R15 31 O11 183 O14 100 H11 29 X3 95 J21 153 N12 103 X14 99 L23 22 I5 25 T11 93 J15 119 J19

119 O15 79 D17 79 D17

123 Q8 123 P8 112 L10

13°18´N 14°10´W Basse-Saxe see Niedersachsen Basse-Terre q (Guadeloupe) Basse Terre, SW Guadeloupe 16°08´N 61°40´W Basseterre a (Saint Kitts and Nevis) Saint Kitts, Saint Kitts and Nevis 17°16´N 62°45´W Basse Terre island W Guadeloupe Bassett Nebraska, C USA 42°34´N 99°32´W Bassett Virginia, NE USA 36°45´N 79°59´W Bassett Peak l Arizona, SW USA 32°30´N 110°16´W Bassikounou Hodh ech Chargui, SE Mauritania 15°55´N 05°59´W Bassila W Benin 08°25´N 01°58´E Bass, Îlots de see Marotiri Bass Lake Indiana, N USA 41°12´N 86°35´W Bass Strait strait SE Australia Bassum Niedersachsen, NW Germany 52°52´N 08°44´E Basswood Lake c Canada/ USA Båstad Skåne, S Sweden 56°25´N 12°50´E Basţah see Beste Basti Uttar Pradesh, N India 26°48´N 82°44´E Bastia Corse, France, C Mediterranean Sea 42°42´N 09°27´E Bastogne Luxembourg, SE Belgium 50°N 05°43´E Bastrop Louisiana, S USA 32°46´N 91°54´W Bastrop Texas, SW USA 30°07´N 97°21´W Bastuträsk Västerbotten, N Sweden 64°47´N 20°05´E Bastyn’ Rus. Bostyn’. Brestskaya Voblasts’, SW Belarus 52°23´N 26°45´E Basuo see Dongfang Basutoland see Lesotho Basya j E Belarus Bas-Zaïre see Bas-Congo Bata NW Equatorial Guinea 01°51´N 09°48´E Bata k S Equatorial Guinea 01°55´N 09°48´E Batae Coritanorum see Leicester Batagay Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 67°36´N 134°44´E Batagay-Alyta Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 67°48´N 130°15´E Batajnica Vojvodina, N Serbia 44°55´N 20°17´E Bataklık Gölü c S Turkey

136 H15 114 H11 Batak, Yazovir d SW Bulgaria 152 H7 Batāla Punjab, N India 104 F9 79 N17 123 Q10 160 F9 79 I14 171 P8

171 Q10 60 L8 18 E10 173 T9 126 L12 14 B9 14 B9 167 Q12

79 G20 183 S11 21 Q13 28 K12 27 V10 31 Q14 22 L2 25 Q13 44 L13

224

31°48´N 75°12´E Batalha Leiria, C Portugal 39°40´N 08°50´W Batama Orientale, NE Dem. Rep. Congo 0°54´N 26°25´E Batamay Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 63°28´N 129°33´E Batang var. Bazhong. Sichuan, C China 30°04´N 99°10´E Batangafo Ouham, NW Central African Republic 07°19´N 18°22´E Batangas off. Batangas City. Luzon, N Philippines 13°47´N 121°03´E Batangas City see Batangas Bătania see Battonya Batan Islands island group N Philippines Batatais São Paulo, S Brazil 20°54´S 47°37´W Batavia New York, NE USA 43°00´N 78°11´W Batavia see Jakarta Batavia Seamount undersea feature E Indian Ocean 27°42´S 100°36´E Bataysk Rostovskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 47°10´N 39°46´E Batchawana j Ontario, S Canada Batchawana Bay Ontario, S Canada 46°55´N 84°36´W Bătdâmbâng prev. Battambang. Bătdâmbâng, NW Cambodia 13°06´N 103°13´E Batéké, Plateaux plateau S Congo Batemans Bay New South Wales, SE Australia 35°45´S 150°09´E Batesburg South Carolina, SE USA 33°54´N 81°33´W Batesland South Dakota, N USA 43°05´N 102°07´W Batesville Arkansas, C USA 35°45´N 91°39´W Batesville Indiana, N USA 39°18´N 85°13´W Batesville Mississippi, S USA 34°18´N 89°56´W Batesville Texas, SW USA 28°56´N 99°38´W Bath E Jamaica 17°57´N 76°22´W

18 78 78 141

98 45 183 13 8 196

181 197 77 141 15 136 147

147

183 137 137 74 163

162

22 79 138 138

119 92 162

195 155 99 107 11 31 27 11 29 35 111 162 168 137 168 171 122 117 138 127

102 169 171 171 77 77 102 29 193

43°54´N 69°49´W F11 Bath New York, NE USA 42°20´N 77°16´W Bath see Berkeley Springs I10 Batha off. Région du Batha. r region C Chad I10 Batha seasonal river C Chad Batha, Région du see Batha Y8 Baţhā’, Wādī al dry watercourse NE Oman H9 Bathinda Punjab, NW India 30°14´N 74°54´E M11 Bathmen Overijssel, E Netherlands 52°15´N 06°16´E Z14 Bathsheba E Barbados 13°13´N 59°31´W R8 Bathurst New South Wales, SE Australia 33°32´S 149°35´E O13 Bathurst New Brunswick, SE Canada 47°37´N 65°40´W Bathurst see Banjul H6 Bathurst, Cape headland Northwest Territories, NW Canada 70°33´N 128°00´W L8 Bathurst Inlet Nunavut, N Canada 66°23´N 107°00´W L8 Bathurst Inlet inlet Nunavut, N Canada N1 Bathurst Island island Northern Territory, N Australia O9 Bathurst Island island Parry Islands, Nunavut, N Canada O14 Batié SW Burkina Faso 09°53´N 02°53´W Batinah see Al Bāţinah Y9 Bāţin, Wādī al dry watercourse SW Asia P9 Batiscan j Québec, SE Canada F16 BatıToroslar m SW Turkey Batjan see Bacan, Pulau R11 Batken Batenskaya Oblast’, SW Kyrgyzstan 40°03´N 70°50´E Batken Oblasty see Batkenskaya Oblast’ Q11 Batkenskaya Oblast’ Kir. Batken Oblasty. r province SW Kyrgyzstan Batlle y Ordóñez see José Batlle y Ordóñez Q10 Batlow New South Wales, SE Australia 35°32´S 148°09´E Q15 Batman var. İluh. Batman, SE Turkey 37°52´N 41°06´E Q15 Batman r province SE Turkey L6 Batna NE Algeria 35°34´N 06°10´E O7 Batnorov var. Dundbürd. Hentiy, E Mongolia 47°55´N 111°37´E Batoe see Batu, Kepulauan K7 Bat-Öldziy var. Övt. Övörhangay, C Mongolia 46°50´N 102°15´E Bat-Öldziyt see Dzaamar J8 Baton Rouge state capital Louisiana, S USA 30°28´N 91°09´W G15 Batouri Est, E Cameroon 04°26´N 14°27´E G14 Batrā’, Jibāl al m S Jordan G6 Batroûn var. Al Batrūn. N Lebanon 34°15´N 35°42´E Batsch see Bač Batsevichi see Batsevichy M17 Batsevichy Rus. Batsevichi. Mahilyowskaya Voblasts’, E Belarus 53°24´N 29°14´E M7 Båtsfjord Finnmark, N Norway 70°37´N 29°42´E Batshireet see Hentiy L7 Batsümber var. Mandal. Töv, C Mongolia 48°24´N 106°47´E Battambang see Bătdâmbâng X3 Batterbee, Cape headland Antarctica L24 Batticaloa Eastern Province, E Sri Lanka 07°44´N 81°43´E L19 Battice Liège, E Belgium 50°39´N 05°50´E L18 Battipaglia Campania, S Italy 40°36´N 14°59´E R15 Battle j Alberta/ Saskatchewan, SW Canada Battle Born State see Nevada Q10 Battle Creek Michigan, N USA 42°20´N 85°10´W T7 Battlefield Missouri, C USA 37°07´N 93°22´W S15 Battleford Saskatchewan, S Canada 52°45´N 108°20´W S6 Battle Lake Minnesota, N USA 46°16´N 95°42´W U3 Battle Mountain Nevada, W USA 40°37´N 116°55´W M25 Battonya Rom. Bătania. Békés, SE Hungary 46°16´N 21°00´E J7 Battsengel var. Jargalant. Arhangay, C Mongolia 47°46´N 101°56´E D11 Batu, Kepulauan prev. Batoe. island group W Indonesia Q10 Batumi W Georgia 41°39´N 41°38´E K10 Batu Pahat prev. Bandar Penggaram. Johor, Peninsular Malaysia 01°51´N 102°56´E O12 Baturebe Sulawesi, N Indonesia 01°43´S 121°43´E J12 Baturino Tomskaya Oblast’, C Russian Federation 57°46´N 85°08´E R3 Baturyn Chernihivs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 51°20´N 32°54´E F10 Bat Yam Tel Aviv, C Israel 32°01´N 34°45´E Q4 Batyrevo Chuvashskaya Respublika, W Russian Federation 55°04´N 47°34´E Batys Qazaqstan Oblysy see Zapadnyy Kazakhstan F5 Batz, Île de island NW France Q10 Bau Sarawak, East Malaysia 01°25´N 110°10´E N2 Bauang Luzon, N Philippines 16°33´N 120°19´E P14 Baubau var. Baoebaoe. Pulau Buton, C Indonesia 05°30´S 122°37´E W14 Bauchi Bauchi, NE Nigeria 10°18´N 09°46´E W14 Bauchi r state C Nigeria H7 Baud Morbihan, NW France 47°52´N 02°59´W T2 Baudette Minnesota, N USA 48°42´N 94°36´W S9 Bauer Basin undersea feature E Pacific Ocean 10°00´S 101°45´W

Country Country Capital

187 R14 Bauer Field var. Port Vila. k (Port-Vila) Éfaté, C Vanuatu 17°42´S 168°21´E 13 T9 Bauld, Cape headland Newfoundland and Labrador, E Canada 51°35´N 55°22´W 103 T8 Baume-les-Dames Doubs, E France 47°22´N 06°20´E 101 I15 Baunatal Hessen, C Germany 107 D18 57 M15 60 K9 118 G10 101 Q15

51°15´N 09°25´E Baunei Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 40°04´N 09°36´E Baures, Río j N Bolivia Bauru São Paulo, S Brazil 22°19´S 49°07´W Baushar see Bawshar Bauska Ger. Bauske. S Latvia 56°25´N 24°11´E Bauske see Bauska Bautzen Lus. Budyšin. Sachsen, E Germany 51°11´N 14°29´E

145 Q16 Bauyrzhan Momyshuly Kaz. Baūyrzhan Momyshuly; prev. Burnoye. Zhambyl, S Kazakhstan 42°36´N 70°46´E Bauzanum see Bolzano Bavaria see Bayern 109 N7 Bavarian Alps Ger. Bayrische Alpen. m Austria/ Germany Bavière see Bayern 40 H4 Bavispe, Río j NW Mexico 127 T5 Bavly Respublika Tatarstan, W Russian Federation

163 N8 Bayanmönh var. UlaanEreg. Hentiy, E Mongolia 162 L12

162 E5

43 V15 162 C5 162 H9 162 K8 162 L8 163 O7 162 L11

159 Q9 162 J9 162 G5

54°20´N 53°21´E

169 P13 Bawal, Pulau island N Indonesia 169 T12 Bawan Borneo, C Indonesia 01°36´S 113°55´E

183 O12 Baw Baw, Mount l Victoria, SE Australia 37°49´S 146°16´E 169 S15 Bawean, Pulau island S Indonesia 75 V9 Bawīī var. Bawîṭi. N Egypt 77 167 169 141

158 23 159 29 29 27 81 44 45 163 170 162

152

28°19´N 28°53´E Bawîṭi see Bawīī Q13 Bawku N Ghana 11°00´N 00°12´W Bawlake see Bawlakhe N7 Bawlakhe var. Bawlake. Kayah State, C Myanmar (Burma) 19°10´N 97°19´E H11 Bawo Ofuloa Pulau Tanahmasa, W Indonesia 0°10´S 98°24´E Y8 Bawshar var. Baushar. NE Oman 23°32´N 58°24´E Baxian see Bazhou Ba Xian see Bazhou M8 Baxkorgan Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, W China 39°05´N 90°00´E V6 Baxley Georgia, SE USA 31°46´N 82°21´W R15 Baxoi var. Baima. Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 30°01´N 96°53´E W14 Baxter Iowa, C USA 41°49´N 93°09´W U6 Baxter Minnesota, N USA 46°21´N 94°18´W R8 Baxter Springs Kansas, C USA 37°01´N 94°45´W M17 Bay off. Gobolka Bay. r region SW Somalia Bay see Baicheng H7 Bayamo Granma, E Cuba 20°21´N 76°38´W U5 Bayamón E Puerto Rico 18°24´N 66°09´W W8 Bayan Heilongjiang, NE China 46°05´N 127°24´E L16 Bayan prev. Bajan. Pulau Lombok, C Indonesia 08°16´S 116°28´E M8 Bayan var. Maanĭt. Töv, C Mongolia 47°14´N 107°34´E Bayan see Hölönbuyr, Dornod, Mongolia Bayan see Ihhet, Dornogovī, Mongolia Bayan see Bayan-Uul, GovĭAltay, Mongolia Bayan see Bayanhutag, Hentiy, Mongolia Bayan see Bürentogtoh, Hövsgol, Mongolia I12 Bayāna Rājasthān, N India 26°55´N 77°18´E

149 N5 Bāyān, Band-e m C Afghanistan 162 H8 Bayanbulag Bayanhongor, C Mongolia 46°46´N 98°07´E Bayanbulag see Ömnödelger 158 J5 Bayanbulak Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, W China 162 L7

43°05´N 84°05´E

Bayanchandmanĭ var. Ihsüüj. Töv, C Mongolia 48°12´N 106°23´E

162 J11 Bayandalay var. Dalay. Ömnögovĭ, S Mongolia 163 O9 162 I5

162 I9 159 R12 162 G6 162 I8 162 H9 162 K14 163 O8 163 T9

163 N12 168 J7

43°27´N 103°30´E Bayandelger var. Shireet. Sühbaatar, SE Mongolia 45°33´N 112°19´E Bayandzürh var. Altraga. Hövsgöl, N Mongolia 50°08´N 98°54´E Bayan Gol see Dengkou, China Bayangol see Bugat, Mongolia Bayangovĭ var. Örgön. Bayanhongor, C Mongolia 44°43´N 100°23´E Bayan Har Shan var. Bayan Khar. m C China Bayanhayrhan var. Altanbulag. Dzavhan, N Mongolia 49°16´N 96°22´E Bayanhongor Bayanhongor, C Mongolia 46°08´N 100°42´E Bayanhongor r province C Mongolia Bayan Hot var. Alxa Zuoqi. Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China 38°49´N 105°40´E Bayanhutag var. Bayan. Hentiy, C Mongolia 47°13´N 110°57´E Bayan Huxu var. Horqin Zuoyi Zhongqi. Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China 45°02´N 121°28´E Bayan Khar see Bayan Har Shan Bayan Kuang prev. Bayan Obo. Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China 41°45´N 109°58´E

Bayan Lepas k (George Town) Pinang, Peninsular Malaysia

05°18´N 100°15´E 162 I10 Bayanlig var. Hatansuudal. Bayanhongor, C Mongolia 44°34´N 100°41´E 162 K13 Bayan Mod Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China 40°45´N 104°29´E

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

162 M8 163 P7

163 R10

163 O7 162 F7 162 M8 28 J14 37 P15 103 T13 136 J12 171 P6 143 R10 171 Q6 21 X10 137 P12 137 P12 31 R8 25 V12

122 J7 81 M16

46°50´N 109°39´E Bayannur var. Linhe. Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China 40°46´N 107°27´E Bayan Nuru see Xar Burd Bayannuur var. Tsul-Ulaan. Bayan-Ölgiy, W Mongolia 48°51´N 91°13´E Bayan Obo see Bayan Kuang Bayano, Lago c E Panama Bayan-Ölgiy r province NW Mongolia Bayan-Öndör var. Bulgan. Bayanhongor, C Mongolia 44°48´N 98°39´E Bayan-Öndör var. Bumbat. Övörhangay, C Mongolia 46°30´N 104°08´E Bayan-Önjüül var. Ihhayrhan. Töv, C Mongolia 46°57´N 105°51´E Bayan-Ovoo var. Javhlant. Hentiy, E Mongolia 47°46´N 112°06´E Bayan-Ovoo var. Erdenetsogt. Ömnögovĩ, S Mongolia 42°54´N 106°16´E Bayansayr see Baatsagaan Bayan Shan l C China 37°36´N 96°23´E Bayanteeg Övörhangay, C Mongolia 45°39´N 101°30´E Bayantes var. Altay. Dzavhan, N Mongolia 49°40´N 96°21´E Bayantöhöm see Büren Bayantsagaan var. Dzogsool. Töv, C Mongolia 46°46´N 107°18´E Bayantümen var. Tsagaanders. Dornod, NE Mongolia 48°03´N 114°16´E Bayan-Uhaa see Ih-Uul Bayan Ul var. Xi Ujimqin Qi. Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China 44°31´N 117°36´E Bayan-Ulaan see Dzüünbayan-Ulaan Bayan-Uul var. Javarthushuu. Dornod, NE Mongolia 49°05´N 112°40´E Bayan-Uul var. Bayan. Govĭ-Altay, W Mongolia 47°05´N 95°13´E Bayanuur var. TsulUlaan. Töv, C Mongolia 47°44´N 108°22´E Bayard Nebraska, C USA 41°45´N 103°19´W Bayard New Mexico, SW USA 32°45´N 108°07´W Bayard, Col pass SE France Bayasgalant see Mönhhaan Bayat Çorum, N Turkey 40°34´N 34°07´E Bayawan Negros, C Philippines 09°22´N 122°50´E Bayāẕ Kermān, C Iran 30°41´N 55°29´E Baybay Leyte, C Philippines 10°41´N 124°49´E Bayboro North Carolina, SE USA 35°08´N 76°49´W Bayburt Bayburt, NE Turkey 40°15´N 40°16´E Bayburt r province NE Turkey Bay City Michigan, N USA 43°35´N 83°52´W Bay City Texas, SW USA 28°59´N 96°00´W Baydarata Bay see Baydaratskaya Guba Baydaratskaya Guba var. Baydarata Bay. bay N Russian Federation Baydhabo var. Baydhowa, Isha Baydhabo, It. Baidoa. Bay, SW Somalia 03°08´N 43°39´E Baydhowa see Baydhabo

101 N21 Bayerischer Wald m SE Germany 101 K21 Bayern Eng. Bavaria, Fr. Bavière. r state SE Germany 147 V9 Bayetovo Narynskaya Oblast’, C Kyrgyzstan 102 K4 14 E15 145 O15

136 C14 138 H12

139 R5 123 N13 123 M14 137 R15 139 S2 123 L11 145 N12

144 M14

158 E7 14 I9 127 W6 23 O8 143 O17 184 O8

191 Z3

41°14´N 74°55´E Bayeux anc. Augustodurum. Calvados, N France 49°16´N 00°42´W Bayfield j Ontario, S Canada Baygekum Kaz. Bäygequm. Kzylorda, S Kazakhstan 44°15´N 66°34´E Bäygequm see Baygekum Bayındır Izmır, SW Turkey 38°12´N 27°40´E Bāyir var. Bā’ir. Ma‘ān, S Jordan 30°46´N 36°40´E Bay Islands see Bahía, Islas de la Bayizhen see Nyingchi Bayjī var. Baiji. Şalāḩ ad Dīn, N Iraq 34°56´N 43°29´E Baykadam see Saudakent Baykal, Ozero Eng. Lake Baikal. c S Russian Federation Baykal’sk Irkutskaya Oblast’, S Russian Federation 51°30´N 104°03´E Baykan Siirt, SE Turkey 38°08´N 41°43´E Baykhmah var. Bēkma. Arbīl, E Iraq 36°40´N 44°15´E Baykit Krasnoyarskiy Kray, C Russian Federation 61°37´N 96°23´E Baykonur var. Baykonyr. Karaganda, C Kazakhstan 47°50´N 75°33´E Baykonur see Baykonyr Baykonyr var. Baykonur, Kaz. Bayqongyr; prev. Leninsk. Kyzylorda, S Kazakhstan 45°38´N 63°20´E Baykonyr see Baykonur Baykurt Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, W China 39°56´N 75°33´E Bay, Lac c Québec, SE Canada Baymak Respublika Bashkortostan, W Russian Federation 52°34´N 58°20´E Bay Minette Alabama, S USA 30°52´N 87°46´W Baynūnah desert W United Arab Emirates Bay of Plenty off. Bay of Plenty Region. r region North Island, New Zealand Bay of Plenty Region see Bay of Plenty Bay of Wrecks bay Kiritimati, E Kiribati Bayonnaise Rocks see Beyonēsu-retsugan

Administrative Regions International Airport

102 I15 Bayonne anc. Lapurdum. Pyrénées-Atlantiques, SW France 43°30´N 01°28´W 22 H4 Bayou D’Arbonne Lake d Louisiana, S USA 23 N9 Bayou La Batre Alabama, S USA 30°24´N 88°15´W Bayou State see Mississippi Bayqadam see Saudakent Bayqongyr see Baykonyr Bayram-Ali see Baýramaly 146 J14 Baýramaly var. Bayramaly; prev. Bayram-Ali. Mary Welaýaty, S Turkmenistan

29 R17 Beatrice Nebraska, C USA

101

103 R15 Beaucaire Gard, S France

22

14 22

14 141 158

25 169 121 145

105 137

83 102 105 160

161

14 139 138

28 182 97 18 63 181

172

23 30 27 195 30 28 14 36 39 102 194 152 105 105 45 45 64

37°33´N 62°08´E L19 Bayreuth var. Baireuth. Bayern, SE Germany 49°57´N 11°34´E Bayrische Alpen see Bavarian Alps Bayrūt see Beyrouth L9 Bay Saint Louis Mississippi, S USA 30°18´N 89°19´W Baysān see Beit She’an Bayshint see Öndörshireet H13 Bays, Lake of c Ontario, S Canada M6 Bay Springs Mississippi, S USA 31°58´N 89°17´W Bay State see Massachusetts Baysun see Boysun H13 Baysville Ontario, S Canada 45°10´N 79°03´W N15 Bayt al Faqīh W Yemen 14°30´N 43°20´E M4 Baytik Shan m China/ Mongolia Bayt Laḩm see Bethlehem W11 Baytown Texas, SW USA 29°43´N 94°59´W V11 Bayur, Tanjung headland Borneo, N Indonesia 0°43´S 117°32´E N14 Bayy al Kabīr, Wādī dry watercourse NW Libya P17 Bayyrkum Kaz. Bayyrqum; prev. Bairkum. Yuzhnyy Kazakhstan, S Kazakhstan 41°57´N 68°05´E Bayyrqum see Bayyrkum P14 Baza Andalucía, S Spain 37°30´N 02°45´W X10 Bazardüzü Dağı Rus. Gora Bazardyuzyu. l N Azerbaijan 41°13´N 47°50´E Bazardyuzyu, Gora see Bazardüzü Dağı Bazargic see Dobrich N18 Bazaruto, Ilha do island SE Mozambique K14 Bazas Gironde, SW France 44°27´N 00°11´W O14 Baza, Sierra de m S Spain J8 Bazhong var. Bazhou. Sichuan, C China 31°55´N 106°44´E Bazhong see Batang P3 Bazhou prev. Baxian, Ba Xian. Hebei, E China 39°05´N 116°24´E Bazhou see Bazhong M9 Bazin j Québec, SE Canada Bazin see Pezinok Q7 Bāzīyah Al Anbār, C Iraq 33°50´N 42°41´E H6 Bcharré var. Bcharreh, Bsharrī, Bsherri. NE Lebanon 34°16´N 36°01´E Bcharreh see Bcharré J5 Beach North Dakota, N USA 46°55´N 104°00´W K12 Beachport South Australia 37°29´S 140°03´E O23 Beachy Head headland SE England, United Kingdom 50°44´N 00°16´E K13 Beacon New York, NE USA 41°30´N 73°54´W J25 Beagle Channel channel Argentina/Chile O1 Beagle Gulf gulf Northern Territory, N Australia Bealach an Doirín see Ballaghaderreen Bealach Cláir see Ballyclare Bealach Féich see Ballybofey J3 Bealanana Mahajanga, NE Madagascar 14°33´S 48°44´E Béal an Átha see Ballina Béal an Átha Móir see Ballinamore Béal an Mhuirhead see Belmullet Béal Átha Beithe see Ballybay Béal Átha Conaill see Ballyconnell Beál Átha hAmhnais see Ballyhaunis Béal Átha na Sluaighe see Ballinasloe Béal Átha Seanaidh see Ballyshannon Bealdovuopmi see Peltovuoma Béal Feirste see Belfast Béal Tairbirt see Belturbet Beanna Boirche see Mourne Mountains Beannchar see Banagher, Ireland Beannchar see Bangor, Northern Ireland, UK Beanntraí see Bantry Bearalváhki see Berlevåg N2 Bear Creek j Alabama/ Mississippi, S USA J13 Bear Creek j Illinois, N USA U13 Bearden Arkansas, C USA 33°43´N 92°37´W Q10 Beardmore Glacier glacier Antarctica K13 Beardstown Illinois, N USA 40°01´N 90°25´W L14 Bear Hill l Nebraska, C USA 41°24´N 101°49´W Bear Island see Bjørnøya H12 Bear Lake Ontario, S Canada 45°28´N 79°31´W M1 Bear Lake c Idaho/Utah, NW USA U11 Bear, Mount l Alaska, USA 61°16´N 141°09´W J16 Béarn cultural region SW France J11 Bear Peninsula peninsula Antarctica I7 Beās j India/Pakistan P3 Beasain País Vasco, N Spain 43°03´N 02°11´W O12 Beas de Segura Andalucía, S Spain 38°16´N 02°54´W N10 Beata, Cabo headland SW Dominican Republic 17°34´N 71°25´W N10 Beata, Isla island SW Dominican Republic F11 Beata Ridge undersea feature N Caribbean Sea 16°00´N 72°30´W

Mountain Mountain Range

40°14´N 96°43´W

83 L16 Beatrice Mashonaland East, NE Zimbabwe 18°15´S 30°55´E 11 N11 Beatton j British Columbia, W Canada 11 N11 Beatton River British Columbia, W Canada 57°35´N 121°45´W

35 V10 Beatty Nevada, W USA 36°53´N 116°44´W

21 N6 Beattyville Kentucky, S USA 37°33´N 83°44´W

173 X16 Beau Bassin W Mauritius 20°13´S 57°27´E

14 I8 14 I10 183 V3 182 M12 21 X11 21 R15 38 M11

83 G25

43°49´N 04°37´E

Beauchastel, Lac c Québec, SE Canada Beauchêne, Lac c Québec, SE Canada Beaudesert Queensland, E Australia 28°00´S 152°27´E Beaufort Victoria, SE Australia 37°27´S 143°24´E Beaufort North Carolina, SE USA 34°44´N 76°41´W Beaufort South Carolina, SE USA 32°23´N 80°40´W Beaufort Sea sea Arctic Ocean Beaufort-Wes see Beaufort West Beaufort West Afr. Beaufort-Wes. Western Cape, SW South Africa 32°21´S 22°35´E

116 H15 Bechet var. Bechetu. Dolj, SW Romania 43°45´N 23°57´E Bechetu see Bechet 21 R6 Beckley West Virginia, NE USA 37°46´N 81°12´W 101 G14 Beckum NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany

51°45´N 08°03´E Beckville Texas, SW USA 32°14´N 94°27´W 35 X4 Becky Peak l Nevada, W USA 39°59´N 114°33´W 116 I9 Beclean Hung. Bethlen; prev. Betlen. Bistria-Năsăud, N Romania 47°10´N 24°11´E Bécs see Wien 111 H18 Bečva Ger. Betschau, Pol. Beczwa. j E Czech Republic Beczwa see Bečva 103 P15 Bédarieux Hérault, S France 43°37´N 03°10´E

25 X7

120 B10 Beddouza, Cap headland W Morocco 32°35´N 09°16´W

80 I13 Bedelē Oromīya, C Ethiopia 147 Y8 95 H22 97 N20 31 O15 29 U16

103 N7 Beaugency Loiret, C France

20 L4

19 R1

18 D15

96 I8 99 G21 185 E23 22 M7 25 X10

47°46´N 01°38´E Beau Lake d Maine, NE USA Beauly N Scotland, United Kingdom 57°29´N 04°29´W Beaumont Hainaut, S Belgium 50°12´N 04°13´E Beaumont Otago, South Island, New Zealand 45°48´S 169°32´E Beaumont Mississippi, S USA 31°10´N 88°55´W Beaumont Texas, SW USA 30°05´N 94°06´W

102 M15 Beaumont-de-Lomagne Tarn-et-Garonne, S France 102 L6 103 R8 15 R9 102 J8 99 I22 103 R12 11 Y16 103 N4 11 S13 102 I9 39 R8 26 J8 18 B14 36 K6 10 L9 11 S13 29 N17 10 G6 31 R14 39 S8 26 H3 28 J5 29 Q14 25 Q4 30 M8

Beaumont-sur-Sarthe Sarthe, NW France

48°15´N 00°07´E Beaune Côte d’Or, C France 47°02´N 04°50´E Beaupré Québec, SE Canada 47°03´N 70°52´W Beaupréau Maine-et-Loire, NW France 47°13´N 00°57´W Beauraing Namur, SE Belgium 50°07´N 04°57´E Beaurepaire Isère, E France 45°20´N 05°03´E Beausejour Manitoba, S Canada 50°04´N 96°30´W Beauvais anc. Bellovacum, Caesaromagus. Oise, N France 49°27´N 02°04´E Beauval Saskatchewan, C Canada 55°10´N 107°37´W Beauvoir-sur-Mer Vendée, NW France 46°54´N 02°03´W Beaver Alaska, USA 66°22´N 147°31´W Beaver Oklahoma, C USA 36°48´N 100°32´W Beaver Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°39´N 80°19´W Beaver Utah, W USA 38°16´N 112°38´W Beaver j British Columbia/ Yukon, W Canada Beaver j Saskatchewan, C Canada Beaver City Nebraska, C USA 40°08´N 99°49´W Beaver Creek Yukon, W Canada 62°20´N 140°45´W Beavercreek Ohio, N USA 39°42´N 83°58´W Beaver Creek j Alaska, USA Beaver Creek j Kansas/ Nebraska, C USA Beaver Creek j Montana/ North Dakota, N USA Beaver Creek j Nebraska, C USA Beaver Creek j Texas, SW USA Beaver Dam Wisconsin, N USA 43°28´N 88°49´W

51°30´S 61°15´W

Beaver State see Oregon 14 H14 Beaverton Ontario, S Canada

152

60 101 41 15 97 112

104 74 39

Volcano River

97 N20

127 N5 Bednodem’yanovsk Penzenskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 53°55´N 43°14´E

98 N5 Bedum Groningen, NE Netherlands 53°18´N 06°36´E

27 V11 Beebe Arkansas, C USA

43°54´N 01°00´E

30 M8 Beaver Dam Lake c Wisconsin, N USA 18 B14 Beaver Falls Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°45´N 80°20´W 33 P12 Beaverhead Mountains m Idaho/Montana, NW USA 33 Q12 Beaverhead River j Montana, NW USA 65 A25 Beaver Island island W Falkland Islands 31 P5 Beaver Island island Michigan, N USA 27 S9 Beaver Lake d Arkansas, C USA 11 N13 Beaverlodge Alberta, W Canada 55°11´N 119°29´W 18 I8 Beaver River j New York, NE USA 26 J8 Beaver River j Oklahoma, C USA 18 B13 Beaver River j Pennsylvania, NE USA 65 A25 Beaver Settlement Beaver Island, W Falkland Islands

32

21 T6

44°24´N 79°07´W G11 Beaverton Oregon, NW USA 45°29´N 122°49´W G12 Beāwar Rājasthān, N India 26°08´N 74°22´E Bebas, Dasht-i see Bābūs, Dasht-e L8 Bebedouro São Paulo, S Brazil 20°58´S 48°28´W I16 Bebra Hessen, C Germany 50°59´N 09°46´E W12 Becal Campeche, SE Mexico 19°49´N 90°28´W Q11 Bécancour j Québec, SE Canada Q19 Beccles E England, United Kingdom 52°27´N 01°32´E L9 Bečej Ger. Altbetsche, Hung. Óbecse, Rácz-Becse; prev. Magyar-Becse, Stari Bečej. Vojvodina, N Serbia 45°36´N 20°02´E I3 Becerréa Galicia, NW Spain 42°51´N 07°10´W H7 Béchar prev. Colomb-Béchar. W Algeria 31°38´N 02°11´W O14 Becharof Lake c Alaska, USA

Lake Reservoir

08°25´N 36°21´E Bedel Pass Rus. Pereval Bedel. pass China/Kyrgyzstan Bedel, Pereval see Bedel Pass Beder Midtjylland, C Denmark 56°03´N 10°13´E Bedford E England, United Kingdom 52°08´N 00°29´W Bedford Indiana, N USA 38°51´N 86°29´W Bedford Iowa, C USA 40°40´N 94°43´W Bedford Kentucky, S USA 38°36´N 85°18´W Bedford Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°00´N 78°29´W Bedford Virginia, NE USA 37°20´N 79°31´W Bedfordshire cultural region E England, United Kingdom

45 T9

99 L18 99 L18 99 K14 138 F13

99 D16 99 I16 138 E11

98 J13 99 M16 83 J21 194 J7

98 M6 25 S13 79 J18

172 J3

79 K18 172 I7 183 R11 102 G5 112 M9 94 G13 153 Q13 143 R9 55 Z10

142 M10

44 G3 143 P4 163 V6

80 H13 160 L16 159 Q10 161 N13 161 O2

161 P2

35°04´N 91°52´W Beechy Group see Chichijima-rettō Beef Island k (Road Town) Tortola, E British Virgin Islands 18°25´N 64°31´W Beehive State see Utah Beek Limburg, SE Netherlands 50°56´N 05°47´E Beek k (Maastricht) Limburg, SE Netherlands 50°55´N 05°47´E Beek-en-Donk NoordBrabant, S Netherlands 51°31´N 05°37´E Be’er Menuha prev. Be’ér Menua. Southern, S Israel 30°22´N 35°09´E Be’ér Menua see Be’er Menuha Beernem West-Vlaanderen, NW Belgium 51°09´N 03°18´E Beerse Antwerpen, N Belgium 51°20´N 04°52´E Beersheba see Be’er Sheva Be’er Sheva var. Beersheba, Ar. Bir es Saba; prev. Be’ér Sheva‘. Southern, S Israel 31°15´N 34°47´E Be’ér Sheva‘ see Be’er Sheva Beesd Gelderland, C Netherlands 51°52´N 05°12´E Beesel Limburg, SE Netherlands 51°16´N 06°02´E Beestekraal North-West, N South Africa 25°21´S 27°40´E Beethoven Peninsula peninsula Alexander Island, Antarctica Beetstersweach see Beetsterzwaag Beetsterzwaag Fris. Beetstersweach. Fryslân, N Netherlands 53°03´N 06°04´E Beeville Texas, SW USA 28°25´N 97°47´W Befale Equateur, NW Dem. Rep. Congo 0°25´N 20°48´E Befandriana see Befandriana Avaratra Befandriana Avaratra var. Befandriana, Befandriana Nord. Mahajanga, NW Madagascar 15°14´S 48°33´E Befandriana Nord see Befandriana Avaratra Befori Equateur, N Dem. Rep. Congo 0°09´N 22°18´E Befotaka Fianarantsoa, S Madagascar 23°49´S 47°00´E Bega New South Wales, SE Australia 36°43´S 149°50´E Bégard Côtes d’Armor, NW France 48°37´N 03°18´W Begejski Kanal canal Vojvodina, NE Serbia Begna j S Norway Begoml’ see Byahoml’ Begovat see Bekobod Begusarai Bihār, NE India 25°25´N 86°08´E Behābād Yazd, C Iran 32°23´N 59°50´E Behagle see Laï Béhague, Pointe headland E French Guiana 04°38´N 51°52´W Behar see Bihār Behbahān var. Behbehān. Khūzestān, SW Iran 30°38´N 50°07´E Behbehān see Behbahān Behring Point Andros Island, W The Bahamas 24°28´N 77°44´W Behshahr prev. Ashraf. Māzandarān, N Iran 36°42´N 53°36´E Bei’an Heilongjiang, NE China 48°16´N 126°29´E Beibunar see Sredishte Beibu Wan see Tonkin, Gulf of Beida see Al Bayḑā’ Beigi Oromīya, C Ethiopia 09°13´N 34°48´E Beihai Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, S China 21°29´N 109°10´E Bei Hulsan Hu c C China Bei Jiang j S China Beijing var. Pei-ching, Eng. Peking; prev. Pei-p’ing. a (China) Beijing Shi, E China 39°58´N 116°23´E Beijing k Beijing Shi, N China 39°54´N 116°22´E Beijing see Beijing Shi, China

Beijing Shi – Berkåk 161 O2 Beijing Shi var. Beijing, Jing, Pei-ching, Eng. Peking; prev. Pei-p’ing. r municipality E China 76 G8 Beïla Trarza, W Mauritania

81 N16 Beledweyne var. Belet Huen, It. Belet Uen. Hiiraan, C Somalia 04°39´N 45°12´E 146 B10 Belek Balkan Welaýaty, W Turkmenistan

98 N7

58 L12

160 L15 159 O12 163 U12 96 H8

160 I12 163 T12 83 N17 83 N17 104 I7 104 H9 104 G8

11 Q16 83 K19

138 G9

116 G10

104 H12 74 M5 104 G13 120 I9

104 K8

169 O15

147 T10 111 N24 111 M24 111 M24

172 H7 165 W4

147 Q11 127 O7

152 M13 149 N15 79 F15 112 N10

173 Y16 104 L12 113 P15 119 H16

59 H21 83 L21 168 I8 127 U4 123 R7 126 M11

18°07´N 15°56´W Beilen Drenthe, NE Netherlands 52°52´N 06°27´E Beiliu var. Lingcheng. Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, S China 22°50´N 110°22´E Beilu He j W China Beilul see Beylul Beining prev. Beizhen. Liaoning, NE China 41°34´N 121°51´E Beinn Dearg l N Scotland, United Kingdom 57°47´N 04°52´W Beinn MacDuibh see Ben Macdui Beipan Jiang j S China Beipiao Liaoning, NE China 41°49´N 120°45´E Beira Sofala, C Mozambique 19°45´S 34°56´E Beira k Sofala, C Mozambique 19°39´S 35°05´E Beira Alta former province N Portugal Beira Baixa former province C Portugal Beira Litoral former province N Portugal Beirut see Beyrouth Beisān see Beit She’an Beiseker Alberta, SW Canada 51°20´N 113°34´W Beitai Ding see Wutai Shan Beitbridge Matabeleland South, S Zimbabwe 22°10´S 30°02´E Beit Lekhem see Bethlehem Beit She’an Ar. Baysān, Beisān; anc. Scythopolis, prev. Bet She‘an. Northern, N Israel 32°30´N 35°30´E Beiuş Hung. Belényes. Bihor, NW Romania 46°40´N 22°21´E Beizhen see Beining Beja anc. Pax Julia. Beja, SE Portugal 38°01´N 07°52´W Béja var. Bājah. N Tunisia 36°45´N 09°04´E Beja r district S Portugal Béjaïa var. Bejaïa, Fr. Bougie; anc. Saldae. NE Algeria 36°49´N 05°03´E Bejaïa see Béjaïa Béjar Castilla y León, N Spain 40°24´N 05°45´W Bejraburi see Phetchaburi Bekaa Valley see El Beqaa Bekabad see Bekobod Békás see Bicaz Bekasi Jawa, C Indonesia 06°14´S 106°595´E Bek-Budi see Qarshi Bekdaş/Bekdash see Garabogaz Bek-Dzhar Oshskaya Oblast’, SW Kyrgyzstan 40°22´N 73°08´E Békés Rom. Bichiș. Békés, SE Hungary 46°45´N 21°09´E Békés off. Békés Megye. r county SE Hungary Békéscsaba Rom. BichișCiaba. Békés, SE Hungary 46°40´N 21°05´E Békés Megye see Békés Bekily Toliara, S Madagascar 24°12´S 45°20´E Bekkai var. Betsukai. Hokkaidō, NE Japan 43°23´N 145°07´E Bēkma see Baykhmah Bekobod Rus. Bekabad; prev. Begovat. Toshkent Viloyati, E Uzbekistan 40°17´N 69°11´E Bekovo Penzenskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 52°27´N 43°41´E Bel see Beliu Bela Uttar Pradesh, N India 25°55´N 82°00´E Bela Baluchistān, SW Pakistan 26°12´N 66°20´E Bélabo Est, C Cameroon 04°54´N 13°10´E Bela Crkva Ger. Weisskirchen, Hung. Fehértemplom. Vojvodina, W Serbia 44°55´N 21°28´E Bel Air var. Rivière Sèche. E Mauritius Belalcázar Andalucía, S Spain 38°33´N 05°07´W Bela Palanka Serbia, SE Serbia 43°13´N 22°19´E Belarus off. Republic of Belarus, var. Belorussia, Latv. Baltkrievija; prev. Belorussian SSR, Rus. Belorusskaya SSR. b republic E Europe Belarus, Republic of see Belarus Belau see Palau Bela Vista Mato Grosso do Sul, SW Brazil 22°04´S 56°25´W Bela Vista Maputo, S Mozambique 26°20´S 32°40´E Belawan Sumatera, W Indonesia 03°46´N 98°44´E Běla Woda see Weisswasser Belaya j W Russian Federation Belaya Gora Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 68°25´N 146°12´E Belaya Kalitiva Rostovskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 48°09´N 40°43´E

125 R14 Belaya Kholunitsa Kirovskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 58°54´N 50°52´E

Belaya Tserkov’ see Bila Tserkva 77 V11 Belbédji Zinder, S Niger 14°35´N 08°00´E

111 K14 Bełchatów var. Belchatow. Łódzski, C Poland

51°23´N 19°20´E Belchatow see Bełchatów Belcher, Îles see Belcher Islands 12 H7 Belcher Islands Fr. Îles Belcher. island group Nunavut, SE Canada 105 S6 Belchite Aragón, NE Spain 41°18´N 00°45´W 29 O2 Belcourt North Dakota, N USA 48°50´N 99°44´W 31 P9 Belding Michigan, N USA 43°06´N 85°13´W 127 U5 Belebey Respublika Bashkortostan, W Russian Federation 54°04´N 54°13´E

65 I14 62 I7 54 G9 42 J11 62 O5 61 D16 37 R12

39°57´N 53°51´E Belém var. Pará. state capital Pará, N Brazil 01°27´S 48°29´W Belém Ridge undersea feature C Atlantic Ocean Belén Catamarca, NW Argentina 27°36´N 67°00´W Belén Boyacá, C Colombia 06°01´N 72°55´W Belén Rivas, SW Nicaragua 11°30´N 85°55´W Belén Concepción, C Paraguay 23°25´S 57°14´W Belén Salto, N Uruguay 30°47´S 57°47´W Belen New Mexico, SW USA 34°37´N 106°46´W

61 D20 Belén de Escobar Buenos Aires, E Argentina 114 J7

34°21´S 58°47´W

Belene Pleven, N Bulgaria 43°39´N 25°09´E

Belene, Ostrov island N Bulgaria 43 R15 Belén, Río j C Panama Belényes see Beiuş Embalse de Belesar see Belesar, Encoro de 104 H3 Belesar, Encoro de Sp. Embalse de Belesar. d NW Spain Belet Huen/Belet Uen see Beledweyne 126 J5 Belëv Tul’skaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 114 J7

29 T8 33 S11

195 N5 21 X9 107 I23

188 C8 114 L8 112 I8

102 J13 79 F17 21 S4 127 O6 169 N12 169 O13 116 F10 114 I9 42 G2

42 F2 42 G2 42 G2 42 G2

39 N16 123 O6 14 J8 10 J15 102 M10 10 K15 106 D6 31 P6 106 D6 155 G17 183 S5 61 D16

14 I9 14 J15

15°52´N 74°30´E Belgian Congo see Congo (Democratic Republic of) België/Belgique see Belgium Belgium off. Kingdom of Belgium, Dut. België, Fr. Belgique. b monarchy NW Europe Belgium, Kingdom of see Belgium Belgorod Belgorodskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 50°38´N 36°37´E Belgorod-Dnestrovskiy see Bilhorod-Dnistrovs’kyy Belgorodskaya Oblast’ r province W Russian Federation Belgrad see Beograd Belgrade Minnesota, N USA 45°27´N 94°59´W Belgrade Montana, NW USA 45°46´N 111°10´W Belgrade see Beograd Belgrano, Cabo see Meredith, Cape Belgrano II Argentinian research station Antarctica 77°50´S 35°25´W Belhaven North Carolina, SE USA 35°36´N 76°50´W Belice anc. Hypsas. j Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea Belice see Belize/Belize City Beli Drim see Drini i Bardhë Beligrad see Berat Beliliou prev. Peleliu. island S Palau Beli Lom, Yazovir d NE Bulgaria Beli Manastir Hung. Pélmonostor; prev. Monostor. Osijek-Baranja, NE Croatia 45°46´N 16°38´E Bélin-Béliet Gironde, SW France 44°30´N 00°48´W Bélinga Ogooué-Ivindo, NE Gabon 01°05´N 13°12´E Belington West Virginia, NE USA 39°01´N 79°57´W Belinskiy Penzenskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 52°58´N 43°25´E Belinyu Pulau Bangka, W Indonesia 01°37´S 105°45´E Belitung, Pulau island W Indonesia Beliu Hung. Bel. Arad, W Romania 46°31´N 21°57´E Beli Vit j NW Bulgaria Belize Sp. Belice; prev. British Honduras, Colony of Belize. b commonwealth republic Central America Belize Sp. Belice. r district NE Belize Belize j Belize/Guatemala Belize see Belize City Belize City var. Belize, Sp. Belice. Belize, NE Belize 17°29´N 88°10´W Belize City k Belize, NE Belize 17°31´N 88°15´W Belize, Colony of see Belize Beljak see Villach Belkofski Alaska, USA 55°07´N 162°04´W Bel’kovskiy, Ostrov island Novosibirskiye Ostrova, NE Russian Federation Bell j Québec, SE Canada Bella Bella British Columbia, SW Canada 52°04´N 128°07´W Bellac Haute-Vienne, C France 46°07´N 01°04´E Bella Coola British Columbia, SW Canada 52°23´N 126°46´W Bellagio Lombardia, N Italy 45°58´N 09°15´E Bellaire Michigan, N USA 44°59´N 85°12´W Bellano Lombardia, N Italy 46°06´N 09°21´E Bellary var. Ballari. Karnātaka, S India 15°11´N 76°54´E Bellata New South Wales, SE Australia 29°58´S 149°49´E Bella Unión Artigas, N Uruguay 30°18´S 57°35´W

Country Country Capital

Belle Fourche Reservoir d South Dakota, N USA 28 K9 Belle Fourche River j South Dakota/Wyoming, N USA 103 S10 Bellegarde-sur-Valserine Ain, E France 46°06´N 05°49´E 23 Y14 Belle Glade Florida, SE USA 28 J9

29 V9

97 G15 Belfast Aldergrove k E Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 54°37´N 06°11´W 97 G15 Belfast Lough Ir. Loch Lao. inlet E Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 28 K5 Belfield North Dakota, N USA 46°53´N 103°12´W 103 U7 Belfort Territoire-de-Belfort, E France 47°38´N 06°52´E Belgard see Białogard 155 E17 Belgaum Karnātaka, W India

126 J8

07°04´S 76°35´W 183 U6 Bellbrook New South Wales, SE Australia 30°48´S 152°32´E 27 V5 Belle Missouri, C USA 38°17´N 91°43´W 21 Q5 Belle West Virginia, NE USA 38°13´N 81°32´W 31 R13 Bellefontaine Ohio, N USA 40°22´N 83°45´W 18 F14 Bellefonte Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°54´N 77°43´W 28 J9 Belle Fourche South Dakota, N USA 44°40´N 103°50´W

26°40´N 80°40´W

53°48´N 36°07´E Belfast Maine, NE USA 44°25´N 69°02´W 97 G15 Belfast Ir. Béal Feirste. s E Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 54°35´N 05°55´W

126 J8

05°43´S 78°48´W

56 D11 Bellavista San Martín, N Peru

102 G8 Belle Île island NW France 13 T9 Belle Isle island Belle Isle, Newfoundland and Labrador, E Canada 13 S10 Belle Isle, Strait of strait Newfoundland and Labrador, E Canada Bellenz see Bellinzona 29 W14 Belle Plaine Iowa, C USA

19 R7

99 F20

61 C14 Bella Vista Corrientes, NE Argentina 28°30´S 59°03´W 62 J7 Bella Vista Tucumán, N Argentina 27°05´S 65°19´W 62 P4 Bella Vista Amambay, C Paraguay 22°08´S 56°20´W 56 B10 Bellavista Cajamarca, N Peru

103 R10 30 K15 27 N3 29 Z13 29 S15 31 S11 25 S5 32 H8

41°54´N 92°16´W Belle Plaine Minnesota, N USA 44°39´N 93°47´W Belleterre Québec, SE Canada 47°24´N 78°40´W Belleville Ontario, SE Canada 44°10´N 77°22´W Belleville Rhône, E France 46°09´N 04°42´E Belleville Illinois, N USA 38°31´N 89°58´W Belleville Kansas, C USA 39°51´N 97°38´W Bellevue Iowa, C USA 42°15´N 90°25´W Bellevue Nebraska, C USA 41°08´N 95°53´W Bellevue Ohio, N USA 41°16´N 82°50´W Bellevue Texas, SW USA 33°38´N 98°00´W Bellevue Washington, NW USA 47°36´N 122°12´W

55 Y11 Bellevue de l’Inini, Montagnes m S French Guiana 103 S11 Belley Ain, E France

45°46´N 05°41´E Bellin see Kangirsuk 183 V6 Bellingen New South Wales, SE Australia 30°27´S 152°53´E 97 L14 Bellingham N England, United Kingdom 55°09´N 02°16´W 32 H6 Bellingham Washington, NW USA 48°46´N 122°29´W Belling Hausen Mulde see Southeast Pacific Basin 194 H2 Bellingshausen Russian research station South Shetland Islands, Antarctica 61°57´S 58°23´W Bellingshausen see Motu One

Bellingshausen Abyssal Plain see Bellingshausen Plain 196 R14 Bellingshausen Plain var. Bellingshausen Abyssal Plain. undersea feature SE Pacific Ocean 64°00´S 90°00´W 194 I8 Bellingshausen Sea sea Antarctica 98 P6 Bellingwolde Groningen, NE Netherlands 53°07´N 07°10´E

108 H11 Bellinzona Ger. Bellenz. Ticino, S Switzerland 25 T8 54 E8 61 B21

186 L10 182 D7 20 F9 25 U5 92 N3 106 H6 62 L11 83 E26 25 U11 104 L12 29 V12 18 E11 21 R10 59 O18 104 I8 105 P10 42 G2 97 B16 99 E20 123 R13

114 F7 172 H8 59 M20

26 M3

46°12´N 09°02´E Bellmead Texas, SW USA 31°36´N 97°02´W Bello Antioquia, W Colombia 06°19´N 75°34´W Bellocq Buenos Aires, E Argentina 35°55´S 61°32´W Bello Horizonte see Belo Horizonte Bellona var. Mungiki. island S Solomon Islands Bellovacum see Beauvais Bell, Point headland South Australia 32°13´S 133°08´E Bells Tennessee, S USA 35°42´N 89°05´W Bells Texas, SW USA 33°36´N 96°24´W Bellsund inlet SW Svalbard Belluno Veneto, NE Italy 46°08´N 12°13´E Bell Ville Córdoba, C Argentina 32°35´S 62°41´W Bellville Western Cape, SW South Africa 33°50´S 18°43´E Bellville Texas, SW USA 29°57´N 96°15´W Belméz Andalucía, S Spain 38°16´N 05°12´W Belmond Iowa, C USA 42°51´N 93°36´W Belmont New York, NE USA 42°14´N 78°02´W Belmont North Carolina, SE USA 35°13´N 81°01´W Belmonte Bahia, E Brazil 15°53´S 38°54´W Belmonte Castelo Branco, C Portugal 40°21´N 07°20´W Belmonte CastillaLa Mancha, C Spain 39°34´N 02°43´W Belmopan a (Belize) Cayo, C Belize 17°13´N 88°48´W Belmullet Ir. Béal an Mhuirhead. Mayo, W Ireland 54°14´N 09°59´W Belœil Hainaut, SW Belgium 50°33´N 03°45´E Belogorsk Amurskaya Oblast’, SE Russian Federation 50°53´N 128°24´E Belogorsk see Bilohirs’k Belogradchik Vidin, NW Bulgaria 43°37´N 22°42´E Beloha Toliara, S Madagascar 25°09´S 45°04´E Belo Horizonte prev. Bello Horizonte. state capital Minas Gerais, SE Brazil 19°54´S 43°54´W Beloit Kansas, C USA 39°27´N 98°06´W

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

30 L9

124 J8

Beloit Wisconsin, N USA 42°31´N 89°01´W Belokorovichi see Novi Bilokorovychi Belomorsk Respublika Kareliya, NW Russian Federation 64°30´N 34°43´E

Belomorsko-Baltiyskiy Kanal Eng. White Sea-Baltic Canal, White Sea Canal. canal NW Russian Federation 153 V15 Belonia Tripura, NE India 124 J8

23°15´N 91°25´E Beloozersk see Byelaazyorsk Belopol’ye see Bilopillya 105 O4 Belorado Castilla y León, N Spain 42°25´N 03°11´W 126 L14 Belorechensk Krasnodarskiy Kray, SW Russian Federation 44°46´N 39°53´E 127 W5 Beloretsk Respublika Bashkortostan, W Russian Federation 53°56´N 58°26´E

Belorussia/Belorussian SSR see Belarus Belorusskaya Gryada see Byelaruskaya Hrada Belorusskaya SSR see Belarus Beloshchel’ye see Nar’yan-Mar 114 N8 Beloslav Varna, E Bulgaria 43°13´N 27°42´E Belostok see Białystok

Belo-sur-Tsiribihina see Belo Tsiribihina 172 H5 Belo Tsiribihina var. Belosur-Tsiribihina. Toliara, W Madagascar 19°40´S 44°30´E Belovár see Bjelovar

114 H10 122 H9

124 K7 124 K13 114 J10 124 K13 108 D8 108 D8 107 L24 31 U14 98 M8 27 R4 21 P11 25 T9 25 S9 97 E16

145 Z9 107 M20 30 L10 18 J14 127 V8

124 H17 126 I6 122 J6 122 J11 100 N13 22 K4 172 H4

82 B10 77 S14 104 K12 104 J3 29 T4 98 L12 171 T13 105 T5

79 L20 105 R9 183 O11 104 M14

104 F10 104 K5 25 S15 96 F8

32 H13 182 K7

Belovezhskaya, Pushcha see Białowieska, Puszcza/ Byelavyezhskaya, Pushcha Belovo Pazardzhik, C Bulgaria 42°10´N 24°01´E Belovodsk see Bilovods’k Beloyarskiy KhantyMansiyskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug-Yugra, N Russian Federation 63°40´N 66°31´E Beloye More Eng. White Sea. sea NW Russian Federation Beloye, Ozero c NW Russian Federation Belozem Plovdiv, C Bulgaria 42°11´N 25°00´E Belozërsk Vologodskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 59°59´N 37°49´E Belp Bern, W Switzerland 46°54´N 07°31´E Belp k (Bern) Bern, C Switzerland 46°55´N 07°29´E Belpasso Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 37°35´N 14°59´E Belpre Ohio, N USA 39°14´N 81°34´W Belterwijde c N Netherlands Belton Missouri, C USA 38°48´N 94°31´W Belton South Carolina, SE USA 34°31´N 82°29´W Belton Texas, SW USA 31°04´N 97°30´W Belton Lake d Texas, SW USA Bel’tsy see Băli Belturbet Ir. Béal Tairbirt. Cavan, N Ireland 54°06´N 07°26´W Beluchistan see Balochistan Belukha, Gora l Kazakhstan/Russian Federation 49°50´N 86°44´E Belvedere Marittimo Calabria, SW Italy 39°37´N 15°52´E Belvidere Illinois, N USA 42°15´N 88°50´W Belvidere New Jersey, NE USA 40°50´N 75°05´W Bely see Belyy Belyayevka Orenburgskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 51°25´N 56°26´E Belynichi see Byalynichy Belyy var. Bely, Beyj. Tverskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 55°51´N 32°57´E Belyye Berega Bryanskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 53°11´N 34°42´E Belyy, Ostrov island N Russian Federation Belyy Yar Tomskaya Oblast’, C Russian Federation 58°26´N 84°57´E Belzig Brandenburg, NE Germany 52°09´N 12°37´E Belzoni Mississippi, S USA 33°10´N 90°29´W Bemaraha var. Plateau du Bemaraha. m W Madagascar Bemaraha, Plateau du see Bemaraha Bembe Uíge, NW Angola 07°03´S 14°25´E Bembèrèkè var. Bimbéréké. N Benin 10°10´N 02°41´E Bembézar j SW Spain Bembibre Castilla y León, N Spain 42°37´N 06°25´W Bemidji Minnesota, N USA 47°27´N 94°53´W Bemmel Gelderland, SE Netherlands 51°53´N 05°54´E Bemu Pulau Seram, E Indonesia 03°21´S 129°58´E Benāb see Bonāb Benabarre var. Benavarn. Aragón, NE Spain 42°06´N 00°28´E Benaco see Garda, Lago di Bena-Dibele KasaiOriental, C Dem. Rep. Congo 04°01´S 22°50´E Benagéber, Embalse de E Spain Benalla Victoria, SE Australia 36°33´S 146°00´E Benamejí Andalucía, S Spain 37°16´N 04°33´W Benares see Vārānasi Benavarn see Benabarre Benavente Santarém, C Portugal 38°59´N 08°49´W Benavente Castilla y León, N Spain 42°N 05°40´W Benavides Texas, SW USA 27°36´N 98°24´W Benbecula island NW Scotland, United Kingdom Bencovazzo see Benkovac Bend Oregon, NW USA 44°04´N 121°19´W Benda Range m South Australia

Administrative Regions International Airport

183 T6

Bendemeer New South Wales, SE Australia 30°54´S 151°12´E Bender see Tighina

96 I11 Ben More l C Scotland, United Kingdom 56°22´N 04°31´W

Bender Beila/Bender Beyla see Bandarbeyla Bender Cassim/Bender Qaasim see Boosaaso Bendery see Tighina 183 N11 Bendigo Victoria, SE Australia 36°46´S 144°19´E 118 E10 Bēne SW Latvia 56°30´N 23°04´E

98 K13 Beneden-Leeuwen Gelderland, C Netherlands 51°52´N 05°32´E

101 L24 Benediktenwand l S Germany 47°39´N 11°28´E Benemérita de San Cristóbal see San Cristóbal 77 N12 Bénéna Ségou, S Mali 172 I7

111 D17 107 L17

173 S3

79 M17

161 P7 32 L9 168 K10 168 K10 169 Q10 168 K14

168 K13

82 A11 95 J16 82 B13 83 A14 138 F10

13°04´N 04°20´W

Benenitra Toliara, S Madagascar

23°25´S 45°06´E Beneschau see Benešov Beneški Zaliv see Venice, Gulf of Benešov Ger. Beneschau. Středočeský Kraj, W Czech Republic 49°48´N 14°41´E Benevento anc. Beneventum, Malventum. Campania, S Italy 41°07´N 14°45´E Beneventum see Benevento Bengal, Bay of bay N Indian Ocean Bengalooru see Bangalore Bengaluru see Bangalore Bengamisa Orientale, N Dem. Rep. Congo 0°58´N 25°11´E Bengasi see Banghāzī Bengazi see Banghāzī Bengbu var. Pengpu. Anhui, E China 32°57´N 117°17´E Benge Washington, NW USA 46°55´N 118°01´W Benghazi see Banghāzī Bengkalis Pulau Bengkalis, W Indonesia 01°27´N 102°10´E Bengkalis, Pulau island W Indonesia Bengkayang Borneo, C Indonesia 0°45´N 109°28´E Bengkulu prev. Bengkoeloe, Benkoelen, Benkulen. Sumatera, W Indonesia 03°46´S 102°16´E Bengkulu off. Propinsi Bengkulu; prev. Bengkoeloe, Benkoelen, Benkulen. r province W Indonesia Bengkulu, Propinsi see Bengkulu Bengo r province W Angola Bengtsfors Västra Götaland, S Sweden 59°03´N 12°14´E Benguela var. Benguella. Benguela, W Angola 12°35´S 13°30´E Benguela r province W Angola Benguella see Benguela Ben Gurion k Tel Aviv, C Israel 32°04´N 34°45´E Bengweulu, Lake see Bangweulu, Lake Benha see Banhā

Benham Seamount undersea feature W Philippine Sea 15°48´N 124°15´E 96 H6 Ben Hope l N Scotland, United Kingdom

192 F6

79 P18 74 H8 105 T8 105 T9

105 T12 121 C11 77 R14 77 S17 77 U16 57 K16 120 F10

105 T11 11 V15 61 C23

58°25´N 04°36´W Beni Nord-Kivu, NE Dem. Rep. Congo 0°31´N 29°30´E Beni Abbès W Algeria 30°07´N 02°09´W Benicarló Valenciana, E Spain 40°25´N 00°25´E Benicasim Cat. Benicàssim. Valenciana, E Spain 40°03´N 00°03´E Benicàssim see Benicasim Benidorm Valenciana, SE Spain 38°33´N 00°09´W Beni Mazâr see Banī Mazār Beni-Mellal C Morocco 32°20´N 06°21´W Benin off. Republic of Benin; prev. Dahomey. b republic W Africa Benin, Bight of gulf W Africa Benin City Edo, SW Nigeria 06°23´N 05°40´E Benin, Republic of see Benin Beni, Río j N Bolivia Beni Saf var. Beni-Saf. NW Algeria 35°19´N 01°23´W Beni-Saf see Beni Saf Benishangul see Bīnshangul Gumuz Benissa Valenciana, E Spain 38°43´N 00°03´E Beni Suef see Banī Suwayf Benito Manitoba, S Canada 51°57´N 101°24´W Benito see Uolo, Río Benito Juárez Buenos Aires, E Argentina 37°43´S 59°48´W

41 P14 Benito Juárez Internacional k (México) México, S Mexico 25 P5

52°00´N 05°40´E

77 O16

96 H10 Ben Nevis l N Scotland, United Kingdom

11 O14

34°36´N 79°40´W 56°80´N 05°00´W

11 X14

76 H8

116 J4

18 L10 185 E20 83 J21 172 J2 42 F2

40°04´N 101°30´W 96 I7 Ben Klibreck l N Scotland, United Kingdom 58°15´N 04°23´W Benkoelen/Bengkoeloe see Bengkulu 112 D13 Benkovac It. Bencovazzo. Zadar, SW Croatia 44°02´N 15°36´E Benkulen see Bengkulu 96 I11 Ben Lawers l C Scotland, United Kingdom 56°33´N 04°13´W 96 J9 Ben Macdui var. Beinn MacDuibh. l C Scotland, United Kingdom 57°02´N 03°42´W 96 G11 Ben More l W Scotland, United Kingdom 56°26´N 06°00´W

Mountain Mountain Range

Volcano River

29 R12

17°04´N 89°08´W

117 Q4

Benque Viejo del Carmen Cayo, W Belize

31°55´N 110°16´W 29 S8 Benson Minnesota, N USA 45°19´N 95°36´W 21 U10 Benson North Carolina, SE USA 35°22´N 78°33´W 171 N15 Benteng Pulau Selayar, C Indonesia 06°07´S 120°28´E 83 A14 Bentiaba Namibe, SW Angola 14°18´S 12°27´E

Bentinck Island island Wellesley Islands, Queensland, N Australia E13 Bentiu Unity, N South Sudan 09°14´N 29°49´E G8 Bent Jbaïl var. Bint Jubayl. S Lebanon 33°07´N 35°26´E Q15 Bentley Alberta, SW Canada 52°27´N 114°02´W I15 Bento Gonçalves Rio Grande do Sul, S Brazil 29°12´S 51°34´W U12 Benton Arkansas, C USA 34°34´N 92°35´W L16 Benton Illinois, N USA 38°00´N 88°55´W H7 Benton Kentucky, S USA 36°51´N 88°21´W G5 Benton Louisiana, S USA 32°41´N 93°44´W Y7 Benton Missouri, C USA 37°05´N 89°34´W M10 Benton Tennessee, S USA 35°10´N 84°39´W O10 Benton Harbor Michigan, N USA 42°07´N 86°27´W S9 Bentonville Arkansas, C USA 36°23´N 94°13´W V16 Benue r state SE Nigeria F13 Benue Fr. Bénoué. j Cameroon/Nigeria V12 Benxi prev. Pen-ch’i, Penhsihu, Penki. Liaoning, NE China 41°20´N 123°45´E Benyakoni see Byenyakoni K10 Beočin Vojvodina, N Serbia 45°13´N 19°43´E Beodericsworth see Bury St Edmunds M11 Beograd Eng. Belgrade, Ger. Belgrad; anc. Singidunum. a (Serbia) Serbia, N Serbia 44°48´N 20°27´E L11 Beograd Eng. Belgrade. k Serbia, N Serbia 44°45´N 20°21´E M16 Béoumi C Ivory Coast 07°40´N 05°34´W V3 Beowawe Nevada, W USA 40°33´N 116°31´W E14 Beppu Ōita, Kyūshū, SW Japan 33°18´N 131°30´E X15 Beqa prev. Mbengga. island W Fiji Y14 Bequia island C Saint Vincent and the Grenadines U4 Beranan, Shax-î var. Shākh-i Barānān. m E Iraq L16 Berane prev. Ivangrad. E Montenegro 42°51´N 19°51´E L21 Berat var. Berati, SCr. Beligrad. Berat, C Albania 40°43´N 19°58´E L21 Berat r district C Albania Berătău see Berettyó Berati see Berat Beraun see Berounka, Czech Republic Beraun see Beroun, Czech Republic U13 Berau, Teluk var. MacCluer Gulf. bay Papua, E Indonesia G8 Berber River Nile, NE Sudan 18°01´N 34°00´E N12 Berbera Woqooyi Galbeed, NW Somalia 10°24´N 45°02´E H16 Berbérati Mambéré-Kadéï, SW Central African Republic 04°14´N 15°50´E Berberia, Cabo de see Barbaria, Cap de T9 Berbice River j NE Guyana Berchid see Berrechid N2 Berck-Plage Pas-de-Calais, N France 50°24´N 01°35´E T13 Berclair Texas, SW USA 28°33´N 97°32´W W10 Berda j SE Ukraine Berdichev see Berdychiv P10 Berdigestyakh Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 62°02´N 127°03´E J12 Berdsk Novosibirskaya Oblast’, C Russian Federation 54°42´N 82°56´E W10 Berdyans’k Rus. Berdyansk; prev. Osipenko. Zaporiz’ka Oblast’, SE Ukraine 46°46´N 36°49´E W10 Berdyans’ka Kosa spit SE Ukraine V10 Berdyans’ka Zatoka gulf S Ukraine N5 Berdychiv Rus. Berdichev. Zhytomyrs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 49°54´N 28°39´E M6 Berea Kentucky, S USA 37°34´N 84°18´W Beregovo/Beregszász see Berehove

116 M11 117 U6 111 N23 111 N23

117 Q10 116 J6

117 P10

181 T4

117 Q2

80

116 L3

138 11 61 27 30 20 22 27 20 31 27 77 78 163

112

112

112 76 35 164 187 45 139 113 113 113

171 80 80

55

42°49´N 140°10´E

38°31´S 175°22´E Bennichab see Bennichchâb Bennichchâb var. Bennichab. Inchiri, W Mauritania 19°26´N 15°21´W Bennington Vermont, NE USA 42°51´N 73°09´W Ben Ohau Range m South Island, New Zealand Benoni Gauteng, NE South Africa 26°04´S 28°18´E Be, Nosy var. Nossi-Bé. island NW Madagascar Bénoué see Benue

101 G19 Bensheim Hessen, W Germany 49°41´N 08°38´E 37 N16 Benson Arizona, SW USA

04°22´S 70°02´W

28 L17 Benkelman Nebraska, C USA

39°17´N 55°27´E

45 O12 Berekua S Dominica

184 M9 Benneydale Waikato, North Island, New Zealand

79

Benjamín Hill Sonora, NW Mexico 30°13´N 111°08´W 63 F19 Benjamín, Isla island Archipiélago de los Chonos, S Chile 164 Q4 Benkei-misaki headland Hokkaidō, NE Japan

48°13´N 22°39´E

Berehovo see Berehove 186 D9 Bereina Central, S Papua New Guinea 08°29´S 146°30´E 146 C11 Bereket prev. Rus. Gazandzhyk, Kazandzhik, Turkm. Gazanjyk. Balkan Welaýaty, W Turkmenistan

123 Q5 Bennetta, Ostrov island Novosibirskiye Ostrova, NE Russian Federation 21 T11 Bennettsville South Carolina, SE USA

19°24´N 99°02´W Benjamin Texas, SW USA 33°35´N 99°49´W

58 B13 Benjamin Constant Amazonas, N Brazil 40 F4

96 H7 Ben More Assynt l N Scotland, United Kingdom 58°09´N 04°51´W 185 E20 Benmore, Lake c South Island, New Zealand 98 L12 Bennekom Gelderland, SE Netherlands

116 G8 Berehove Cz. Berehovo, Hung. Beregszász, Rus. Beregovo. Zakarpats’ka Oblast’, W Ukraine

103 25 117 123 122 117

117 117 117 20

Lake Reservoir

15°14´N 61°19´W Berekum W Ghana 07°27´N 02°35´W Berenice see Baranīs Berens j Manitoba/ Ontario, C Canada Berens River Manitoba, C Canada 52°22´N 97°00´W Beresford South Dakota, N USA 43°02´N 96°45´W Berestechko Volyns’ka Oblast’, NW Ukraine 50°21´N 25°06´E Bereşti Galai, E Romania 46°04´N 27°54´E Berestova j E Ukraine Beretău see Berettyó Berettyó Rom. Barcău; prev. Berătău, Beretău. j Hungary/Romania Berettyóújfalu Hajdú-Bihar, E Hungary 47°15´N 21°33´E Berëza/Bereza Kartuska see Byaroza Berezan’ Kyyivs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 50°18´N 31°30´E Berezanka Mykolayivs’ka Oblast’, S Ukraine 46°51´N 31°24´E Berezhany Pol. Brzeżany. Ternopil’s’ka Oblast’, W Ukraine 49°29´N 25°00´E Berezina see Byarezina Berezino see Byerazino Berezivka Rus. Berezovka. Odes’ka Oblast’, SW Ukraine 47°12´N 30°56´E Berezna Chernihivs’ka Oblast’, NE Ukraine 51°35´N 31°50´E Berezne Rivnens’ka Oblast’, NW Ukraine 51°00´N 26°46´E

Bereznehuvate Mykolayivs’ka Oblast’, S Ukraine 47°18´N 32°52´E 125 N10 Bereznik Arkhangel’skaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 62°50´N 42°40´E 125 U13 Berezniki Permskiy Kray, NW Russian Federation 117 R9

122 H9

127 O9

123 S13 83 E25 105 V4 95 N20 136 B13 106 E7 105 P3 109 S3 100 O6 101 I11 98 H8 94 C13 55 W9 99 G15 102 L13 99 J16 101 D16 55 X10 101 E16 101 F14 95 N21 98 K13 95 P15 94 N10 93 J14 98 M6 94 N12 168 M11 99 J17 39 T12

192 L2 38 L9

105 O15 94 H9

59°26´N 56°49´E Berëzovka see Byarozawka, Belarus Berezovka see Berezivka, Ukraine Berezovo Khanty-Mansiyskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug-Yugra, N Russian Federation 63°48´N 64°38´E Berezovskaya Volgogradskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 50°17´N 43°58´E Berezovyy Khabarovskiy Kray, E Russian Federation 51°42´N 135°39´E Berg j W South Africa Berg see Berg bei Rohrbach Berga Cataluña, NE Spain 42°06´N 01°41´E Berga Kalmar, S Sweden 57°13´N 16°03´E Bergama İzmir, W Turkey 39°08´N 27°10´E Bergamo anc. Bergomum. Lombardia, N Italy 45°42´N 09°40´E Bergara País Vasco, N Spain 43°05´N 02°25´W Berg bei Rohrbach var. Berg. Oberösterreich, N Austria 48°34´N 14°02´E Bergen MecklenburgVorpommern, NE Germany 54°25´N 13°25´E Bergen Niedersachsen, NW Germany 52°49´N 09°57´E Bergen Noord-Holland, NW Netherlands 52°40´N 04°42´E Bergen Hordaland, S Norway 60°24´N 05°19´E Bergen see Mons Berg en Dal Brokopondo, C Suriname 05°15´N 55°20´W Bergen op Zoom NoordBrabant, S Netherlands 51°30´N 04°17´E Bergerac Dordogne, SW France 44°51´N 00°30´E Bergeyk Noord-Brabant, S Netherlands 51°19´N 05°21´E Bergheim NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 50°57´N 06°39´E Bergi Sipaliwini, E Suriname 04°36´N 54°24´W Bergisch Gladbach Nordrhein-Westfalen, W Germany 50°59´N 07°09´E Bergkamen NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 51°32´N 07°41´E Bergkvara Kalmar, S Sweden 56°22´N 16°04´E Bergomum see Bergamo Bergse Maas j S Netherlands Bergshamra Stockholm, C Sweden 59°37´N 18°40´E Bergsjö Gävleborg, C Sweden 62°00´N 17°10´E Bergsviken Norrbotten, N Sweden 65°16´N 21°24´E Bergum see Burgum Bergumer Meer c N Netherlands Bergviken c C Sweden Berhala, Selat strait Sumatera, W Indonesia Berhampore see Baharampur Beringen Limburg, NE Belgium 51°04´N 05°14´E Bering Glacier glacier Alaska, USA Beringov Proliv see Bering Strait Bering Sea sea N Pacific Ocean Bering Strait Rus. Beringov Proliv. strait Bering Sea/ Chukchi Sea Berislav see Beryslav Berja Andalucía, S Spain 36°51´N 02°56´W Berkåk Sør-Trøndelag, S Norway 62°50´N 10°01´E

225

Berkel – Binefar 98 N11 Berkel j Germany/ Netherlands 35 N8 Berkeley California, W USA 37°52´N 122°16´W

65 E24 Berkeley Sound sound NE Falkland Islands 21 V2 Berkeley Springs var. Bath. West Virginia, NE USA 39°38´N 78°14´W

195 N6 Berkner Island island Antarctica 114 G8 Berkovitsa Montana, NW Bulgaria 43°15´N 23°05´E 97 M22 Berkshire former county S England, United Kingdom 99 H17 Berlaar Antwerpen, N Belgium 51°08´N 04°39´E Berlanga see Berlanga de Duero 105 P6 Berlanga de Duero var. Berlanga. Castilla y León, N Spain 41°28´N 02°51´W 0 I16 Berlanga Rise undersea feature E Pacific Ocean 99 F17 104 E9 92 M7 100 O12 21 Z4 19 O7 18 D16 30 L7 100 O12 31 U12 183 R11 40 L8

08°30´N 93°30´W Berlare Oost-Vlaanderen, NW Belgium 51°02´N 04°01´E Berlenga, Ilha da island C Portugal Berlevåg Lapp. Bearalváhki. Finnmark, N Norway 70°51´N 29°04´E Berlin a (Germany) Berlin, NE Germany 52°31´N 13°26´E Berlin Maryland, NE USA 38°19´N 75°13´W Berlin New Hampshire, NE USA 44°27´N 71°13´W Berlin Pennsylvania, NE USA 39°54´N 78°57´W Berlin Wisconsin, N USA 43°57´N 88°59´W Berlin r state NE Germany Berlinchen see Barlinek Berlin Lake d Ohio, N USA Bermagui New South Wales, SE Australia 36°26´S 150°01´E Bermejillo Durango, C Mexico 25°55´N 103°39´W

Bermejo, Río j N Argentina 62 I10 Bermejo, Río j W Argentina 62 M6 Bermejo viejo, Río j N Argentina 105 P2 Bermeo País Vasco, N Spain 62 L5

104 K6 106 E6

64 A12

1

1

N11

N11

108 D8 108 D9 37 R11 14 H12 61 B18 18 J14 63 K14 100 O12 102 L4 101 L14 109 X5 31 Q12 108 D10

109 Y2 22 H4 27 Y8 180 G9

108 J10 108 J10

99 E20 101 E18

172 H6

111 C17 111 C16 113 Q18 74 F6 103 R15 103 S15 182 K9 31 O10 183 O10

226

43°25´N 02°44´W Bermillo de Sayago Castilla y León, N Spain 41°22´N 06°08´W Bermina, Pizzo Rmsch. Piz Bernina. l Italy/Switzerland 46°22´N 09°52´E see also Bermina, Piz Bermuda var. Bermuda Islands, Bermudas; prev. Somers Islands. p UK crown colony NW Atlantic Ocean Bermuda var. Great Bermuda, Long Island, Main Island. island Bermuda Bermuda Islands see Bermuda Bermuda-New England Seamount Arc see New England Seamounts Bermuda Rise undersea feature C Sargasso Sea 32°30´N 65°00´W Bermudas see Bermuda Bern Fr. Berne. a (Switzerland) Bern, W Switzerland 46°57´N 07°26´E Bern Fr. Berne. r canton W Switzerland Bernalillo New Mexico, SW USA 35°18´N 106°33´W Bernard Lake c Ontario, S Canada Bernardo de Irigoyen Santa Fe, NE Argentina 32°09´S 61°06´W Bernardsville New Jersey, NE USA 40°43´N 74°34´W Bernasconi La Pampa, C Argentina 37°55´S 63°44´W Bernau Brandenburg, NE Germany 52°41´N 13°36´E Bernay Eure, N France 49°05´N 00°36´E Bernburg Sachsen-Anhalt, C Germany 51°47´N 11°45´E Berndorf Niederösterreich, NE Austria 47°58´N 16°08´E Berne Indiana, N USA 40°39´N 84°57´W Berne see Bern Berner Alpen var. Berner Oberland, Eng. Bernese Oberland. m SW Switzerland Berner Oberland/Bernese Oberland see Berner Alpen Bernhardsthal Niederösterreich, N Austria 48°40´N 16°51´E Bernice Louisiana, S USA 32°49´N 92°39´W Bernie Missouri, C USA 36°40´N 89°58´W Bernier Island island Western Australia Bernina Pass see Bernina, Passo del Bernina, Passo del Eng. Bernina Pass. pass SE Switzerland Bernina, Piz It. Pizzo Bernina. l Italy/Switzerland 46°22´N 09°55´E see also Bermina, Pizzo Bernina, Piz see Bermina, Pizzo Bérnissart Hainaut, SW Belgium 50°29´N 03°37´E Bernkastel-Kues Rheinland-Pfalz, W Germany 49°55´N 07°04´E Beroea see Ḩalab Beroroha Toliara, SW Madagascar 21°40´S 45°10´E Béroubouay see Gbéroubouè Beroun Ger. Beraun. Středočeský Kraj, W Czech Republic 49°58´N 14°05´E Berounka Ger. Beraun. j W Czech Republic Berovo E FYR Macedonia 41°45´N 22°50´E Berrechid var. Berchid. W Morocco 33°16´N 07°32´W Berre, Étang de c SE France Berre-l’Étang Bouchesdu-Rhône, SE France 43°28´N 05°10´E Berri South Australia 34°16´S 140°35´E Berrien Springs Michigan, N USA 41°57´N 86°20´W Berrigan New South Wales, SE Australia 35°41´S 145°50´E

103 N9 Berry cultural region C France 35 N7 Berryessa, Lake c California, W USA 44 G2 Berry Islands island group N The Bahamas 27 T9 Berryville Arkansas, C USA 36°22´N 93°35´W

Berryville Virginia, NE USA

21 V3

39°08´N 77°59´W

103 O1 Béthune Pas-de-Calais, N France 50°32´N 02°38´E 102 M3 Béthune j N France 104 M14 Béticos, Sistemas var. Sistema Penibético, Eng. Baetic Cordillera, Baetic Mountains. m S Spain 54 I6 Betijoque Trujillo, NW Venezuela 09°25´N 70°45´W

83 D21 Berseba Karas, S Namibia

59 M20 Betim Minas Gerais, SE Brazil

117 O8 Bershad’ Vinnyts’ka Oblast’, C Ukraine 48°20´N 29°30´E 28 L3 Berthold North Dakota, N USA 48°16´N 101°48´W 37 T3 Berthoud Colorado, C USA

190 H3 Betio Tarawa, W Kiribati

26°00´S 17°46´E

40°18´N 105°04´W

Berthoud Pass pass Colorado, C USA 79 F15 Bertoua Est, E Cameroon 37 S4

04°34´N 13°42´E 25 S10 Bertram Texas, SW USA 30°44´N 98°03´W

63 G22 Bertrand, Cerro l S Argentina 50°00´S 73°27´W 99 J23 Bertrix Luxembourg, SE Belgium 49°52´N 05°15´E 191 P3 Beru var. Peru. atoll Tungaru, W Kiribati Beruni see Beruniy 146 I9 Beruniy var. Biruni, Rus. Beruni. Qoraqalpog‘iston Respublikasi, W Uzbekistan 41°48´N 60°39´E 58 F13 Beruri Amazonas, NW Brazil 03°44´S 61°13´W 18 H14 Berwick Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°03´N 76°13´W 96 K12 Berwick cultural region SE Scotland, United Kingdom

01°21´N 172°56´E

172 H7 Betioky Toliara, S Madagascar 23°42´S 44°22´E Bet Leem see Bethlehem Betlen see Beclean 167 O17 Betong Yala, SW Thailand 79 I16 145 P14

172 H7

15 T6 15 T6 172 I4 99 M25 99 M23

117 S10

29 Z14

172 H4 103 T8 103 P10

147 R10

146 L9

146 M13

112 L10 127 O16 113 P16 137 N16

121 Q2 Beşparmak Dağları Eng. Kyrenia Mountains. m N Cyprus Bessarabka see Basarabeasca 92 O2 Bessels, Kapp headland C Svalbard 78°36´N 21°43´E 23 P4 Bessemer Alabama, S USA 33°24´N 86°57´W 30 K3 Bessemer Michigan, N USA 46°28´N 90°03´W 21 Q10 Bessemer City North Carolina, SE USA 35°16´N 81°16´W

102 M10 Bessines-sur-Gartempe Haute-Vienne, C France 46°06´N 01°22´E

99 K15 Best Noord-Brabant, S Netherlands 51°31´N 05°24´E 25 N9 Best Texas, SW USA 31°13´N 101°34´W

139 U2 Beste Ar. Basţah. As Sulaymānīyah, E Iraq 36°20´N 45°14´E

75 R13 153 P12 39 Q7 95 N17 154 H11 154 H9 101 F16 82 C9 31 P6 28 L5

35 S15 101 I14 98 H9 108 C10 97 P23

136 E17 136 E10 76 K15

104 G2 Betanzos, Ría de estuary NW Spain 79 G15 Bétaré Oya Est, E Cameroon

136 G12

105 S9

138 G7

77 R15 83 K21 30 K15 83 D21

27 S2 27 N10 39 N12 19 P7 21 W9 18 B15 21 W3 83 J22 18 I14 138 F10

83 I24

05°34´N 14°09´E Bétera Valenciana, E Spain 39°35´N 00°28´W Bétérou C Benin 09°13´N 02°18´E Bethal Mpumalanga, NE South Africa 26°27´S 29°28´E Bethalto Illinois, N USA 38°54´N 90°02´W Bethanie var. Bethanien, Bethany. Karas, S Namibia 26°32´S 17°11´E Bethanien see Bethanie Bethany Missouri, C USA 40°15´N 94°03´W Bethany Oklahoma, C USA 35°31´N 97°37´W Bethany see Bethanie Bethel Alaska, USA 60°47´N 161°45´W Bethel Maine, NE USA 44°24´N 70°47´W Bethel North Carolina, SE USA 35°46´N 77°21´W Bethel Park Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°21´N 80°03´W Bethesda Maryland, NE USA 39°00´N 77°05´W Bethlehem Free State, C South Africa 28°12´S 28°16´E Bethlehem Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°36´N 75°22´W Bethlehem var. Beit Lekhem, Ar. Bayt Laḩm, Heb. Bet Leem. C West Bank 31°43´N 35°12´E Bethlen see Beclean Bethulie Free State, C South Africa 30°30´S 25°59´E

Country Country Capital

05°45´N 101°05´E Bétou Likouala, N Congo 03°08´N 18°31´E Betpakdala Kaz. Betpaqdala prev. Betpak-Dala. plateau S Kazakhstan Betpak-Dala see Betpakdala Betpaqdala see Betpakdala Betroka Toliara, S Madagascar 23°15´S 46°07´E Betschau see Bečva Bet She‘an see Beit She’an Betsiamites Québec, SE Canada 48°56´N 68°40´W Betsiamites j Québec, SE Canada Betsiboka j N Madagascar Betsukai see Bekkai Bettembourg Luxembourg, S Luxembourg 49°31´N 06°06´E Bettendorf Diekirch, NE Luxembourg 49°53´N 06°13´E Bettendorf Iowa, C USA 41°31´N 90°31´W Bette, Pic see Bette, Picco Bette, Picco var. Bīkkū Bīttī, Pic Bette. l S Libya 22°02´N 19°07´E Bettiah Bihār, N India 26°49´N 84°30´E Bettles Alaska, USA 66°54´N 151°40´W Bettna Södermanland, C Sweden 58°52´N 16°40´E Betūl prev. Badnur. Madhya Pradesh, C India 21°55´N 77°54´E Betwa j C India Betzdorf Rheinland-Pfalz, W Germany 50°47´N 07°50´E Béu Uíge, NW Angola 06°15´S 15°32´E Beulah Michigan, N USA 43°35´N 83°52´W Beulah North Dakota, N USA 47°16´N 101°48´W

98 M8 Beulakerwijde c N Netherlands 98 L13 Beuningen Gelderland, SE Netherlands 51°52´N 05°47´E Beuthen see Bytom 103 N7 Beuvron j C France 99 F16 Beveren Oost-Vlaanderen, N Belgium 51°13´N 04°15´E 21 T9 B. Everett Jordan Reservoir var. Jordan Lake. d North Carolina, SE USA 97 N17 Beverley E England, United Kingdom 53°51´N 00°26´W Beverley see Beverly 99 J17 Beverlo Limburg, NE Belgium 51°06´N 05°14´E 19 P11 Beverly Massachusetts, NE USA 42°33´N 70°49´W 32 J9 Beverly var. Beverley. Washington, NW USA

125 O11 Bestuzhevo Arkhangel’skaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 61°36´N 43°54´E 123 M11 Bestyakh Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 61°25´N 129°05´E Beszterce see Bistria Besztercebánya see Banská Bystrica 172 I5 Betafo Antananarivo, C Madagascar 19°50´S 46°50´E 104 H2 Betanzos Galicia, NW Spain 43°17´N 08°17´W

108 E7

153

77 O16

149 153 167

19°56´S 44°10´W

96 L12 Berwick-upon-Tweed N England, United Kingdom

55°46´N 02°W Beryslav Rus. Berislav. Khersons’ka Oblast’, S Ukraine 46°51´N 33°26´E Berytus see Beyrouth Besalampy Mahajanga, W Madagascar 16°43´S 44°29´E Besançon anc. Besontium, Vesontio. Doubs, E France 47°14´N 06°01´E Besbre j C France Bescanuova see Baška Besdan see Bezdan Besed’ see Byesyedz’ Beshariq Rus. Besharyk; prev. Kirovo. Farg’ona Viloyati, E Uzbekistan 40°26´N 70°33´E Besharyk see Beshariq Beshbuloq Rus. Beshulak. Navoiy Viloyati, N Uzbekistan 41°55´N 64°13´E Beshenkovichi see Byeshankovichy Beshkent Qashqadaryo Viloyati, S Uzbekistan 38°47´N 65°42´E Beshulak see Beshbuloq Beška Vojvodina, N Serbia 45°09´N 20°04´E Beskra see Biskra Beslan Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, SW Russian Federation 43°12´N 44°33´E Besna Kobila l SE Serbia 42°30´N 22°16´E Besni Adıyaman, S Turkey 37°42´N 37°53´E Besontium see Besançon

153 U14 Bhairab Bazar var. Bhairab. Dhaka, C Bangladesh

137 X12 80 L10 144 H14

165 X14

155 F21

138 G7 136 G15 136 G15 108 J7 112 J8

124 G15 124 K15 103 P16

46°50´N 119°57´W Beverly Hills California, W USA 34°02´N 118°25´W Beverungen NordrheinWestfalen, C Germany 51°39´N 09°22´E Beverwijk Noord-Holland, W Netherlands 52°29´N 04°40´E Bex Vaud, W Switzerland 46°15´N 07°00´E Bexhill var. Bexhill-on-Sea. SE England, United Kingdom 50°50´N 00°28´E Bexhill-on-Sea see Bexhill Bey Dağları m SW Turkey Beyj see Belyy Beykoz İstanbul, NW Turkey 41°09´N 29°06´E Beyla SE Guinea 08°43´N 08°41´W Beyläqan prev. Zhdanov. SW Azerbaijan 39°43´N 47°38´E Beylul var. Beilul. SE Eritrea 13°10´N 42°27´E Beyneu Kaz. Beyneū. Mangistau, SW Kazakhstan 45°20´N 55°11´E Beyneū see Beyneu Beyonēsu-retsugan Eng. Bayonnaise Rocks. island group SE Japan Beypazarı Ankara, NW Turkey 40°10´N 31°56´E Beypore Kerala, SW India 11°10´N 75°49´E Beyrouth var. Bayrūt, Eng. Beirut; anc. Berytus. a (Lebanon) W Lebanon 33°55´N 35°31´E Beyrouth k W Lebanon 33°52´N 35°30´E Beyşehir Konya, SW Turkey 37°40´N 31°43´E Beyşehir Gölü c C Turkey Bezau Vorarlberg, NW Austria 47°24´N 09°55´E Bezdan Ger. Besdan, Hung. Bezdán. Vojvodina, NW Serbia 45°51´N 19°00´E Bezdezh see Byezdzyezh Bezhanitsy Pskovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 56°57´N 29°53´E Bezhetsk Tverskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 57°47´N 36°42´E Béziers anc. Baeterrae, Baeterrae Septimanorum, Julia Beterrae. Hérault, S France 43°21´N 03°13´E Bezmein see Abadan Bezwada see Vijayawāda

154 P12 Bhadrak var. Bhadrakh. Odisha, E India 21°04´N 86°30´N Bhadrakh see Bhadrak

155 F19 Bhadra Reservoir d SW India 155 F18 Bhadrāvati Karnātaka, SW India 13°52´N 75°43´E 153 R14 Bhāgalpur Bihār, NE India 25°14´N 86°59´E Bhairab see Bhairab Bazar

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

154 154 152 154 155 153

153 149

155 154 154

154 152 155 155 154 152 83

154 152 152 153 154 155 155 154

154

154 153

143 77 171 171 110 110 110

110 110 107

76 167 143 105 102 108 61 165 83 104 101

24°04´N 91°00´E O11 Bhairahawā Western, S Nepal 27°31´N 83°27´E S8 Bhakkar Punjab, E Pakistan 31°40´N 71°08´E P11 Bhaktapur Central, C Nepal 27°47´N 85°21´E N3 Bhamo var. Banmo. Kachin State, N Myanmar (Burma) 24°15´N 97°15´E Bhāmragad see Bhāmragarh K13 Bhāmragarh var. Bhāmragad. Mahārāshtra, C India 19°28´N 80°39´E J12 Bhandāra Mahārāshtra, C India 21°10´N 79°41´E Bhārat see India J12 Bharatpur prev. Bhurtpore. Rājasthān, N India 27°14´N 77°29´E D11 Bharūch Gujarāt, W India 21°48´N 72°55´E E18 Bhatkal Karnātaka, W India 13°59´N 74°34´E O13 Bhatni var. Bhatni Junction. Uttar Pradesh, N India 26°23´N 83°56´E Bhatni Junction see Bhatni S16 Bhātpāra West Bengal, NE India 22°55´N 88°30´E U7 Bhaun Punjab, E Pakistan 32°53´N 72°48´E Bhaunagar see Bhāvnagar Bhavānīpātna see Bhawānipatna H21 Bhavānīsāgar d S India D11 Bhāvnagar prev. Bhaunagar. Gujarāt, W India 21°46´N 72°14´E M13 Bhawānipatna var. Bhavānīpātna. Odisha, E India 19°56´N 83°09´E Bheanntraí, Bá see Bantry Bay Bheara, Béal an see Gweebarra Bay K12 Bhilai Chhattīsgarh, C India 21°12´N 81°26´E G13 Bhīlwāra Rājasthān, N India 25°23´N 74°39´E E14 Bhīma j S India K16 Bhīmavaram Andhra Pradesh, E India 16°34´N 81°35´E I7 Bhind Madhya Pradesh, C India 26°33´N 78°47´E E13 Bhīnmāl Rājasthān, N India 25°01´N 72°22´E Bhir see Bīd J25 Bhisho prev. Bisho. Eastern Cape, S South Africa 32°46´S 27°21´E see also Bhisho D13 Bhiwandi Mahārāshtra, W India 19°21´N 73°08´E H10 Bhiwāni Haryāna, N India 28°50´N 76°10´E L13 Bhognīpur Uttar Pradesh, N India 26°12´N 79°48´E U16 Bhola Barisal, S Bangladesh 22°40´N 91°36´E H10 Bhopāl state capital Madhya Pradesh, C India 23°17´N 77°25´E J14 Bhopālpatnam Chhattīsgarh, C India 18°51´N 80°22´E E14 Bhor Mahārāshtra, W India 18°10´N 73°55´E O12 Bhubaneshwar prev. Bhubaneswar, Bhuvaneshwar. state capital Odisha, E India 20°16´N 85°51´E Bhubaneswar see Bhubaneshwar B9 Bhuj Gujarāt, W India 23°16´N 69°40´E Bhuket see Phuket Bhurtpore see Bharatpur Bhusaval see Bhusāwal G12 Bhusāwal prev. Bhusaval. Mahārāshtra, C India 21°01´N 75°50´E T12 Bhutan off. Kingdom of Bhutan, var. Druk-yul. b monarchy S Asia Bhutan, Kingdom of see Bhutan Bhuvaneshwar see Bhubaneshwar T15 Bīābān, Kūh-e m S Iran V18 Biafra, Bight of var. Bight of Bonny. bay W Africa W12 Biak Papua, E Indonesia 01°10´S 136°05´E W12 Biak, Pulau island E Indonesia P12 Biała Podlaska Lubelskie, E Poland 52°03´N 23°08´E F7 Białogard Ger. Belgard. Zachodnio-pomorskie, NW Poland 54°01´N 15°59´E P10 Białowieska, Puszcza Bel. Byelavyezhskaya Pushcha, Rus. Belovezhskaya Pushcha. physical region Belarus/Poland see also Byelavyezhskaya, Pushcha Białowieska, Puszcza see Byelavyezhskaya Pushcha G8 Biały Bór Ger. Baldenburg. Zachodnio-pomorskie, NW Poland 53°53´N 16°49´E P9 Białystok Rus. Belostok, Bielostok. Podlaskie, NE Poland 53°08´N 23°09´E L24 Biancavilla prev. Inessa. Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 37°38´N 14°52´E Bianco, Monte see Blanc, Mont Bianjiang see Xunke L15 Biankouma W Ivory Coast 07°44´N 07°37´W R7 Bia, Phou var. Pou Bia. l C Laos 18°59´N 103°09´E Bia, Pou see Bia, Phou R5 Bīārjmand Semnān, N Iran 36°05´N 55°50´E P4 Biarra j NE Spain I15 Biarritz PyrénéesAtlantiques, SW France 43°25´N 01°40´W H10 Biasca Ticino, S Switzerland 46°22´N 08°59´E E17 Biassini Salto, N Uruguay 31°18´S 57°05´W Biasteri see Laguardia S3 Bibai Hokkaidō, NE Japan 43°21´N 141°53´E B15 Bibala Port. Vila Arriaga. Namibe, SW Angola 14°46´S 13°21´E I4 Bibéi j NW Spain Biberach see Biberach an der Riss I23 Biberach an der Riss var. Biberach, Ger. Biberach an der Riß. Baden-Württemberg, S Germany 48°06´N 09°48´E

Administrative Regions International Airport

112 C13 116 I5 117 N10 113 M18 116 K10 183 Q16

137 P8

15 T7 32 J10 36 L6 171 S11 111 J22 155 F14 77 U15 155 H15 141 Y8 19 P9 98 L9 33 X11 97 J23 82 D13 35 O2 110 O9 165 T3 108 D8 100 G13 108 D8

106 C7 111 J17 110 P10

11 V17 167 T14

12 K8 82 D13

108 B9 98 O4 98 I13 99 H21

Biberist Solothurn, NW Switzerland

47°11´N 07°34´E Bibiani SW Ghana 06°28´N 02°20´W Bibinje Zadar, SW Croatia 44°04´N 15°17´E Biblical Gebal see Jbaïl Bibrka Pol. Bóbrka, Rus. Bobrka. L’vivs’ka Oblast’, NW Ukraine 49°39´N 24°16´E Bîc j S Moldova Bicaj Kukës, NE Albania 42°00´N 20°24´E Bicaz Hung. Békás. Neam, NE Romania 46°53´N 26°05´E Bicheno Tasmania, SE Australia 41°56´S 148°15´E Bichiș see Békés Bichiș-Ciaba see Békéscsaba Bichitra see Phichit Bich’vinta Prev. Bichvint’a, Rus. Pitsunda. NW Georgia 43°12´N 40°21´E Bichvint’a see Bich’vinta Bic, Île du island Québec, SE Canada Bickleton Washington, NW USA 46°00´N 120°16´W Bicknell Utah, W USA 38°20´N 111°32´W Bicoli Pulau Halmahera, E Indonesia 0°34´N 128°33´E Bicske Fejér, C Hungary 47°30´N 18°36´E Bīd prev. Bhir. Mahārāshtra, W India 19°17´N 75°22´E Bida Niger, C Nigeria 09°06´N 06°02´E Bīdar Karnātaka, C India 17°56´N 77°35´E Bidbid NE Oman 23°25´N 58°08´E Biddeford Maine, NE USA 43°29´N 70°27´W Biddinghuizen Flevoland, C Netherlands 52°28´N 05°41´E Biddle Montana, NW USA 45°04´N 105°21´W Bideford SW England, United Kingdom 51°01´N 04°12´W Bié r province C Angola Bieber California, W USA 41°07´N 121°09´W Biebrza j NE Poland Biei Hokkaidō, NE Japan 43°33´N 142°28´E Biel Fr. Bienne. Bern, W Switzerland 47°09´N 07°16´E Bielefeld NordrheinWestfalen, NW Germany 52°01´N 08°32´E Bieler See Fr. Lac de Bienne. c W Switzerland Bielitz/Bielitz-Biala see Bielsko-Biała Biella Piemonte, N Italy 45°34´N 08°04´E Bielostok see Białystok Bielsko-Biała Ger. Bielitz, Bielitz-Biala. Śląskie, S Poland 49°49´N 19°01´E Bielsk Podlaski Białystok, E Poland 52°45´N 23°11´E Bien Bien see Ðiên Biên Phu Biên Ðông see South China Sea Bienfait Saskatchewan, S Canada 49°06´N 102°47´W Biên Hoa Ðông Nai, S Vietnam 10°58´N 106°50´E Bienne see Biel Bienne, Lac de see Bieler See Bienville, Lac c Québec, C Canada Bié, Planalto do var. Bié Plateau. plateau C Angola Bié Plateau see Bié, Planalto do Bière Vaud, W Switzerland 46°32´N 06°19´E Bierum Groningen, NE Netherlands 53°25´N 06°51´E Biesbos var. Biesbosch. wetland S Netherlands Biesbosch see Biesbos Biesme Namur, S Belgium 50°19´N 04°43´E

101 H21 Bietigheim-Bissingen Baden-Württemberg, SW Germany 48°57´N 09°07´E 99 I23 Bièvre Namur, SE Belgium 49°56´N 05°01´E

79 D18 Bifoun Moyen-Ogooué, NW Gabon 0°15´S 10°24´E 165 T2 Bifuka Hokkaidō, NE Japan 44°28´N 142°20´E

136 C11 Biga Çanakkale, NW Turkey 40°13´N 27°14´E

136 C13 Bigadiç Balıkesir, W Turkey 39°24´N 28°08´E

Big Basin basin Kansas, C USA 185 B20 Big Bay bay South Island, New Zealand 31 O5 Big Bay de Noc c Michigan, N USA 31 N3 Big Bay Point headland Michigan, N USA

26 J7

46°51´N 87°40´W

33 R10 Big Belt Mountains m Montana, NW USA 29 N10 Big Bend Dam dam South Dakota, N USA 24 K12 Big Bend National Park national park Texas, S USA 22 K5 Big Black River j Mississippi, S USA 27 O3 Big Blue River j Kansas/ Nebraska, C USA 24 M10 Big Canyon j Texas, SW USA 33 N12 Big Creek Idaho, NW USA 45°05´N 115°20´W

23 N8 Big Creek Lake d Alabama, S USA 23 X15 Big Cypress Swamp wetland Florida, SE USA 39 S9 Big Delta Alaska, USA 30 K6 19 P5 162 G9 29 U3 33 P8 29 U3 11 S15 180 L3 35 O5

64°09´N 145°50´W

Big Eau Pleine Reservoir d Wisconsin, N USA Bigelow Mountain l Maine, NE USA 45°09´N 70°17´W Biger var. Jargalant. Govĭ-Altay, W Mongolia 45°39´N 97°10´E Big Falls Minnesota, N USA 48°13´N 93°48´W Bigfork Montana, NW USA 48°03´N 114°04´W Big Fork River j Minnesota, N USA Biggar Saskatchewan, S Canada 52°03´N 107°59´W Bigge Island island Western Australia Biggs California, W USA 39°24´N 121°44´W

Mountain Mountain Range

32 I11 Biggs Oregon, NW USA

141 Z9

14 K13 Big Gull Lake c Ontario, SE Canada 37 P16 Big Hachet Peak l New Mexico, SW USA

141 Z9

45°39´N 120°49´W

31°38´N 108°24´W 33 P11 Big Hole River j Montana, NW USA 33 V13 Bighorn Basin basin Wyoming, C USA 33 U11 Bighorn Lake c Montana/ Wyoming, N USA

33 W13 Bighorn Mountains m Wyoming, C USA 36 J13 Big Horn Peak l Arizona, SW USA 33°40´N 113°01´W 33 V11 Bighorn River j Montana/ Wyoming, NW USA 9 S7 Big Island island Nunavut, NE Canada 39 O16 Big Koniuji Island island Shumagin Islands, Alaska, USA 25 N9 Big Lake Texas, SW USA 31°12´N 101°29´W

Big Lake c Maine, NE USA Big Manitou Falls waterfall Wisconsin, N USA 35 R2 Big Mountain l Nevada, W USA 41°18´N 119°03´W 108 G10 Bignasco Ticino, S Switzerland 46°21´N 08°37´E 29 R16 Big Nemaha River j Nebraska, C USA 76 G12 Bignona SW Senegal 19 T5 30 I3

12°49´N 16°16´W Bigorra see Tarbes Bigosovo see Bihosava 35 S10 Big Pine California, W USA 37°09´N 118°18´W

141 X9 77 Q12 152 F12 152 K10 138 J5 154 L11 152 I8 168 J9 137 Y13 117 O5 167 N11

105 O2

92 H2 113 I16 136 E12 136 F12

35 Q14 Big Pine Mountain l California, W USA

116 E11

Big Piney Creek j Missouri, C USA 65 M24 Big Point headland N Tristan da Cunha

111 O15

27 V6

34°41´N 119°37´W

37°10´S 12°18´W 31 P8 Big Rapids Michigan, N USA 43°42´N 85°28´W 30 K6 Big Rib River j Wisconsin, N USA 14 L14 Big Rideau Lake c Ontario, SE Canada 11 T14 Big River Saskatchewan, C Canada 53°48´N 106°55´W 27 X5 Big River j Missouri, C USA 31 N7 Big Sable Point headland Michigan, N USA 44°03´N 86°30´W 33 S7 Big Sandy Montana, NW USA 48°08´N 110°09´W 25 W6 Big Sandy Texas, SW USA 32°34´N 95°06´W

Big Sandy Creek j Colorado, C USA 29 Q16 Big Sandy Creek j Nebraska, C USA 29 V5 Big Sandy Lake c Minnesota, N USA 36 J11 Big Sandy River j Arizona, SW USA 21 P5 Big Sandy River j S USA 23 V6 Big Satilla Creek j Georgia, SE USA 29 R12 Big Sioux River j Iowa/ South Dakota, N USA 35 U7 Big Smoky Valley valley Nevada, W USA 25 N7 Big Spring Texas, SW USA 37 V5

117 P11

79 M16 123 T6

166 M8 113 N21 183 N10

182 G4 197 Q17

153 N14 97 M15 33 U11 95 J16

32°15´N 101°30´W

19 Q5 Big Squaw Mountain l Maine, NE USA 45°28´N 69°42´W

21 O7 Big Stone Gap Virginia, NE USA 36°52´N 82°45´W 29 Q8 Big Stone Lake c Minnesota/South Dakota, N USA 22 K4 Big Sunflower River j Mississippi, S USA 33 T11 Big Timber Montana, NW USA 45°50´N 109°57´W 12 D8 Big Trout Lake Ontario, C Canada 53°40´N 90°00´W 14 I12 Big Trout Lake c Ontario, SE Canada 35 O2 Big Valley Mountains m California, W USA 25 Q13 Big Wells Texas, SW USA

28 L9 95 F23 36 L11 36 I12 77 Y8 77 Y8 181 Y9 112 G8 117 U13

28°34´N 99°34´W

14 F11 Bigwood Ontario, S Canada 46°03´N 80°37´W

112 D11 Bihać r  Federacija Bosne I Hercegovine, NW Bosnia and Herzegovina 153 P14 Bihār prev. Behar. r state N India Bihār see Bihār Sharīf 81 F20 Biharamulo Kagera, NW Tanzania 02°37´S 31°20´E 153 R13 Bihārīganj Bihār, NE India

25°44´N 86°59´E 153 P14 Bihār Sharīf var. Bihār. Bihār, N India 25°13´N 85°31´E 116 F10 Bihor r county NW Romania 165 V3 Bihoro Hokkaidō, NE Japan 43°50´N 144°05´E 118 K11 Bihosava Rus. Bigosovo. Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’, NW Belarus 55°50´N 27°46´E Bijagos Archipelago see Bijagós, Arquipélago dos

76 G13 Bijagós, Arquipélago dos var. Bijagos Archipelago. island group W Guinea-Bissau 155 F16 Bijāpur Karnātaka, C India 142 K5

16°50´N 75°42´E

117 X5

117 T3 117 Y6 22 M9 117 R10 117 W7 98 J11 78 K9

Bījār Kordestān, W Iran 35°52´N 47°39´E

112 J11 Bijeljina Republika Srpska, NE Bosnia and Herzegovina 44°46´N 19°13´E

113 K15 Bijelo Polje E Montenegro

117 O11

160 I11 Bijie Guizhou, S China

99 K18

43°03´N 19°44´E

27°15´N 105°16´E

152 J10 Bijnor Uttar Pradesh, N India 29°22´N 78°09´E

152 F11 Bīkāner Rājasthān, NW India 189 V3 190 H3 190 I3 123 S14 123 S14 189 R3 83 L17 79 I19

Volcano River

28°01´N 73°22´E Bikar Atoll var. Pikaar. atoll Ratak Chain, N Marshall Islands Bikeman atoll Tungaru, W Kiribati Bikenebu Tarawa, W Kiribati Bikin Khabarovskiy Kray, SE Russian Federation 46°45´N 134°06´E Bikin j SE Russian Federation Bikini Atoll var. Pikinni. atoll Ralik Chain, NW Marshall Islands Bikita Masvingo, E Zimbabwe 20°06´S 31°41´E Bīkkū Bīttī see Bette, Picco Bikoro Equateur, W Dem. Rep. Congo 0°45´S 18°09´E

Lake Reservoir

183 R10 77 Q15 79 I15 44 F2 154 I9 143 T4 99 F20

83 L16 105 T5

Bilād Banī Bū ‘Alī NE Oman

22°02´N 59°18´E Bīlād Banī Bū Ḩasan NE Oman 22°09´N 59°14´E Bilād Manaḩ var. Manaḩ. NE Oman 22°44´N 57°36´E Bilanga C Burkina Faso 12°35´N 00°08´W Bilāra Rājasthān, N India 26°10´N x73°48´E Bilāri Uttar Pradesh, N India 28°37´N 78°48´E Bil‘ās, Jabal al m C Syria Bilāspur Chhattīsgarh, C India 22°06´N 82°08´E Bilāspur Himāchal Pradesh, N India 31°18´N 76°48´E Bila, Sungai j Sumatera, W Indonesia Biläsuvar Rus. Bilyasuvar; prev. Pushkino. SE Azerbaijan 39°26´N 48°34´E Bila Tserkva Rus. Belaya Tserkov’. Kyyivs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 49°49´N 30°08´E Bilauktaung Range var. Thanintari Taungdan. m Myanmar (Burma)/ Thailand Bilbao Basq. Bilbo. País Vasco, N Spain 43°15´N 02°56´W Bilbo see Bilbao Bíldudalur Vestfirðir, NW Iceland 65°40´N 23°35´W Bileća r  Republika Srpska, S Bosnia and Herzegovina Bilecik Bilecik, NW Turkey 39°59´N 29°54´E Bilecik r province NW Turkey Biled Ger. Billed, Hung. Billéd. Timiș, W Romania 45°55´N 20°55´E Biłgoraj Lubelskie, E Poland 50°31´N 22°41´E Bilhorod-Dnistrovs’kyy Rus. Belgorod-Dnestrovskiy, Rom. Cetatea Albă, prev. Akkerman; anc. Tyras. Odes’ka Oblast’, SW Ukraine 46°10´N 30°19´E Bili Orientale, N Dem. Rep. Congo 04°07´N 25°09´E Bilibino Chukotskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug, NE Russian Federation 67°56´N 166°45´E Bilin Mon State, S Myanmar (Burma) 17°14´N 97°12´E Bilisht var. Bilishti. Korçë, SE Albania 40°36´N 21°00´E Bilishti see Bilisht Billabong Creek var. Moulamein Creek. seasonal river New South Wales, SE Australia Billa Kalina South Australia 29°57´S 136°13´E Bill Baileys Bank undersea feature N Atlantic Ocean 60°35´N 10°15´W Billed/Billéd see Biled Billi Uttar Pradesh, N India 24°30´N 82°59´E Billingham N England, United Kingdom 54°36´N 01°17´W Billings Montana, NW USA 45°47´N 108°32´W Billingsfors Västra Götaland, S Sweden 58°57´N 12°14´E Bill of Cape Clear, The see Clear, Cape Billsburg South Dakota, N USA 44°22´N 101°40´W Billund Syddtjylland, W Denmark 55°44´N 09°07´E Bill Williams Mountain l Arizona, SW USA 35°12´N 112°12´W Bill Williams River j Arizona, SW USA Bilma Agadez, NE Niger 18°22´N 13°01´E Bilma, Grand Erg de desert NE Niger Biloela Queensland, E Australia 24°27´S 150°31´E Bilo Gora m N Croatia Bilohirs’k Rus. Belogorsk; prev. Karasubazar. Avtonomna Respublika Krym, S Ukraine 45°04´N 34°35´E Bilokorovychi see Novi Bilokorovychi Bilokurakine see Bilokurakyne Bilokurakyne var. Bilokurakine. Luhans’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 49°32´N 38°44´E Bilopillya Rus. Belopol’ye. Sums’ka Oblast’, NE Ukraine 51°09´N 34°17´E Bilovods’k Rus. Belovodsk. Luhans’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 49°11´N 39°34´E Biloxi Mississippi, S USA 30°24´N 88°53´W Bilozerka Khersons’ka Oblast’, S Ukraine 46°36´N 32°23´E Bilozers’ke Donets’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 48°29´N 37°03´E Bilthoven Utrecht, C Netherlands 52°07´N 05°12´E Biltine Wadi Fira, E Chad 14°30´N 20°53´E Biltine, Préfecture de see Wadi Fira Bilüü see Ulaanhus Bilwi see Puerto Cabezas Bilyasuvar see Biläsuvar Bilyayivka Odes’ka Oblast’, SW Ukraine 46°28´N 30°11´E Bilzen Limburg, NE Belgium 50°52´N 05°31´E Bimbéréké see Bembèrèkè Bimberi Peak l New South Wales, SE Australia 35°42´S 148°46´E Bimbila E Ghana 08°54´N 00°05´E Bimbo Ombella-Mpoko, SW Central African Republic 04°19´N 18°27´E Bimini Islands island group W The Bahamas Bīna Madhya Pradesh, C India 24°09´N 78°10´E Bīnālūd, Kūh-e m NE Iran Binche Hainaut, S Belgium 50°25´N 04°10´E Bindloe Island see Marchena, Isla Bindura Mashonaland Central, NE Zimbabwe 17°20´S 31°21´E Binefar Aragón, NE Spain 41°51´N 00°17´E

Binga – Boconó 83 J16 Binga Matabeleland North, W Zimbabwe 17°40´S 27°22´E 183 T5 Bingara New South Wales, SE Australia 29°54´S 150°36´E 101 F18 Bingen am Rhein Rheinland-Pfalz, SW Germany

97 M20 Birmingham k C England, United Kingdom

26 M11 Binger Oklahoma, C USA

76

49°58´N 07°54´E

35°19´N 98°19´W Bingerau see Węgrów Bin Ghalfān, Jazā’ir see Ḩalāniyāt, Juzur al 19 Q6 Bingham Maine, NE USA 45°01´N 69°51´W 18 H11 Binghamton New York, NE USA 42°06´N 75°55´W Bin Ghanīmah, Jabal see Bin Ghunaymah, Jabal

75 P11 Bin Ghunaymah, Jabal var. Jabal Bin Ghanīmah. m C Libya 139 U3 Bingird As Sulaymānīyah, NE Iraq 36°03´N 45°03´E Bingmei see Congjiang 137 P14 Bingöl Bingöl, E Turkey

38°54´N 40°29´E 137 P14 Bingöl r province E Turkey 161 R6 Binhai var. Dongkan. Jiangsu, E China 34°00´N 119°51´E 167 V11 Binh Ðinh var. An Nhon. Binh Ðinh, C Vietnam 13°53´N 109°07´E Binh Sn see Châu Ô Binimani see Bintimani 168 I8 Binjai Sumatera, W Indonesia 03°37´N 98°30´E 183 R6 Binnaway New South Wales, SE Australia 31°34´S 149°24´E 108 E6 Binningen Basel Landschaft, NW Switzerland 47°32´N 07°35´E 80 H12 Bīnshangul Gumuz var. Benishangul. r  W Ethiopia

Bintang, Banjaran m Peninsular Malaysia M10 Bintan, Pulau island Kepulauan Riau, W Indonesia J14 Bintimani var. Binimani. l NE Sierra Leone 09°21´N 11°09´W Bint Jubayl see Bent Jbaïl S9 Bintulu Sarawak, East Malaysia 03°12´N 113°01´E S9 Bintuni prev. Steenkool. Papua Barat, E Indonesia 02°03´S 133°45´E W8 Binxian prev. Binzhou. Heilongjiang, NE China 45°44´N 127°27´E K14 Binyang var. Binzhou. Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, S China 23°15´N 108°40´E Q4 Binzhou Shandong, E China 37°23´N 118°03´E Binzhou see Binyang Binzhou see Binxian G14 Bío Bío var. Región del Bío Bío. r region C Chile Bío Bío, Región del see Bío Bío G14 Bío Bío, Río j C Chile C16 Bioco, Isla de var. Bioko, Eng. Fernando Po, Sp. Fernando Póo; prev. Macías Nguema Biyogo. island NW Equatorial Guinea D13 Biograd na Moru It. Zaravecchia. Zadar, SW Croatia 43°57´N 15°27´E Bioko see Bioco, Isla de F14 Biokovo m S Croatia Biorra see Birr Bipontium see Zweibrücken W13 Bīrag, Kūh-e m SE Iran O10 Birāk var. Brak. C Libya 27°32´N 14°17´E S10 Bi’r al Islām Karbalā’, C Iraq 32°15´N 43°40´E N11 Biramitrapur var. Birmitrapur. Odisha, E India 22°24´N 84°42´E T11 Bi’r an Nişf An Najaf, S Iraq 31°22´N 44°07´E L12 Birao Vakaga, NE Central African Republic 10°14´N 22°49´E J10 Birata Rus. Darganata, Dargan-Ata. Lebap Welaýaty, NE Turkmenistan 40°30´N 62°09´E M6 Biratar Bulak well NW China R12 Birātnagar Eastern, SE Nepal 26°28´N 87°16´E R5 Biratori Hokkaidō, NE Japan 42°35´N 142°07´E S8 Birch Creek Alaska, USA 66°17´N 145°54´W M11 Birch Creek j Alaska, USA T14 Birch Hills Saskatchewan, S Canada 52°58´N 105°22´W M10 Birchip Victoria, SE Australia 36°01´S 142°55´E X4 Birch Lake c Minnesota, N USA Q11 Birch Mountains m Alberta, W Canada V15 Birch River Manitoba, S Canada 52°22´N 101°03´W H12 Birchs Hill hill W Jamaica R11 Birchwood Alaska, USA 61°24´N 149°28´W I5 Bird Island island S Northern Mariana Islands N16 Birecik Şanlıurfa, S Turkey 37°03´N 37°59´E M10 Birendranagar var. Surkhet. Mid Western, W Nepal 28°35´N 81°36´E Bir es Saba see Be’er Sheva A12 Bir-Gandouz SW Western Sahara 21°35´N 16°27´W P12 Birganj Central, C Nepal 27°03´N 84°53´E B14 Biri j W South Sudan Bi’r Ibn Hirmās see Al Bi’r U8 Bīrjand Khorāsān-e Jonūbī, E Iran 32°54´N 59°14´E Birkaland see Pirkanmaa T11 Birkat Ḩāmid well S Iraq F18 Birkeland Aust-Agder, S Norway 58°18´N 08°13´E E19 Birkenfeld Rheinland-Pfalz, SW Germany 49°39´N 07°10´E K18 Birkenhead NW England, United Kingdom 53°24´N 03°02´W W7 Birkfeld Steiermark, SE Austria 47°21´N 15°40´E A2 Birksgate Range m South Australia Bîrlad see Bârlad S15 Birlik var. Novotroickoje, Novotroitskoye; prev. Brlik. Zhambyl, SE Kazakhstan 43°39´N 73°45´E K20 Birmingham C England, United Kingdom 52°30´N 01°50´W P4 Birmingham Alabama, S USA 33°30´N 86°47´W

168 J8 168 76

169 169 163 160 161

63

63 79

112

113 143 75 139 154 139 78 146

158 153 165 39 38 11 182 29 11 11 44 39 188 137 152

74 153 81 143 139 95 101 97 109 182 145

97 23

191 77

77 77

77 123

97 183 108 108 127 119 159

122 122 118 121 171 37 29

52°27´N 01°46´W Birmitrapur see Biramitrapur Bir Moghrein see Bîr Mogreïn J4 Bîr Mogreïn var. Bir Moghrein; prev. FortTrinquet. Tiris Zemmour, N Mauritania 25°10´N 11°35´W S4 Birnie Island atoll Phoenix Islands, C Kiribati S12 Birnin Gaouré var. BirniNgaouré. Dosso, SW Niger 12°59´N 03°02´E Birni-Ngaouré see Birnin Gaouré S12 Birnin Kebbi Kebbi, NW Nigeria 12°28´N 04°08´E T12 Birnin Konni var. BirniNkonni. Tahoua, SW Niger 13°51´N 05°15´E Birni-Nkonni see Birnin Konni W13 Birnin Kudu Jigawa, N Nigeria 11°28´N 09°29´E S16 Birobidzhan Yevreyskaya Avtonomnaya Oblast’, SE Russian Federation 48°42´N 132°55´E D18 Birr var. Parsonstown, Ir. Biorra. C Ireland 53°06´N 07°55´W P4 Birrie River j New South Wales/Queensland, SE Australia D7 Birse j NW Switzerland Birsen see Biržai E6 Birsfelden Basel Landschaft, NW Switzerland 47°33´N 07°37´E U4 Birsk Respublika Bashkortostan, W Russian Federation 55°24´N 55°33´E F14 Birštonas Kaunas, C Lithuania 54°37´N 24°00´E P14 Biru Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, W China 31°30´N 93°56´E Biruni see Beruniy L12 Biryusa j C Russian Federation L12 Biryusinsk Irkutskaya Oblast’, C Russian Federation 55°52´N 97°48´E G10 Biržai Ger. Birsen. Panevėžys, NE Lithuania 56°12´N 24°47´E P16 Birżebbuġa SE Malta 35°50´N 14°32´E Bisanthe see Tekirdağ R12 Bisa, Pulau island Maluku, E Indonesia N17 Bisbee Arizona, SW USA 31°27´N 109°55´W O2 Bisbee North Dakota, N USA 48°36´N 99°21´W Biscaia, Baía de see Biscay, Bay of

102 I13 Biscarrosse et de Parentis, Étang de c SW France 104 M1 Biscay, Bay of Sp. Golfo de Vizcaya, Port. Baía de Biscaia. bay France/Spain 23 Z16 Biscayne Bay bay Florida, SE USA 64 M7 Biscay Plain undersea feature SE Bay of Biscay 107 N17

109 Q7 101 P15 103 V5 21 T10 194 G5 14 E9 14 E9 54 J6 99 M24 114 K11 113 D15 141 N12 147 U7

147 U7 153 R16 35 S9 25 S15

07°15´W 45°00´N Bisceglie Puglia, SE Italy 41°14´N 16°31´E Bischoflack see Škofja Loka Bischofsburg see Biskupiec Bischofshofen Salzburg, NW Austria 47°25´N 13°13´E Bischofswerda Sachsen, E Germany 51°07´N 14°13´E Bischwiller Bas-Rhin, NE France 48°46´N 07°52´E Biscoe North Carolina, SE USA 35°20´N 79°46´W Biscoe Islands island group Antarctica Biscotasi Lake c Ontario, S Canada Biscotasing Ontario, S Canada 47°16´N 82°04´W Biscucuy Portuguesa, NW Venezuela 09°22´N 69°59´W Bissen Luxembourg, C Luxembourg 49°47´N 06°04´E Biser Haskovo, S Bulgaria 41°52´N 25°59´E Biševo It. Busi. island SW Croatia Bīshah, Wādī dry watercourse C Saudi Arabia Bishkek var. Pishpek; prev. Frunze. a (Kyrgyzstan) Chuyskaya Oblast’, N Kyrgyzstan 42°54´N 74°27´E Bishkek k Chuyskaya Oblast’, N Kyrgyzstan 42°55´N 74°37´E Bishnupur West Bengal, NE India 23°05´N 87°20´E Bisho see Bhisho Bishop California, W USA 37°22´N 118°24´W Bishop Texas, SW USA 27°36´N 97°49´W

97 L15 Bishop Auckland N England, United Kingdom 54°41´N 01°41´W

Bishop’s Lynn see King’s Lynn 97 O21 Bishop’s Stortford E England, United Kingdom 51°45´N 00°11´E

186 D5 Bismarck Archipelago island group NE Papua New Guinea 129 Z16 Bismarck Plate tectonic feature W Pacific Ocean 186 D7 Bismarck Range m N Papua New Guinea 186 E6 Bismarck Sea sea W Pacific Ocean 137 P15 Bismil Dıyarbakır, SE Turkey 37°53´N 40°38´E

Country Country Capital

97 K17 Blackburn NW England, United Kingdom

28 K7

35 N5 Black Butte Lake d California, W USA 194 J5 Black Coast physical region Antarctica 11 Q16 Black Diamond Alberta, SW Canada 50°42´N 114°09´W 18 K11 Black Dome l New York, NE USA 42°16´N 74°07´W 113 L18 Black Drin Alb. Lumi i Drinit të Zi, SCr. Crni Drim. j Albania/FYR Macedonia 29 U4 Blackduck Minnesota, N USA 47°45´N 94°33´W 12 D6 Black Duck j Ontario, C Canada 33 R14 Blackfoot Idaho, NW USA

93 H17 76 G13 76 G13 76 G12 11 O10

02°15´N 127°57´E Bison South Dakota, N USA 45°31´N 102°27´W Bispgården Jämtland, C Sweden 63°00´N 16°40´E Bissau a (GuineaBissau) W Guinea-Bissau 11°52´N 15°39´W Bissau k W Guinea-Bissau 11°53´N 15°41´W Bissojohka see Børselv Bissorã W Guinea-Bissau 12°16´N 15°35´W Bistcho Lake c Alberta, W Canada

22 G5 Bistineau, Lake d Louisiana, S USA Bistrica see Ilirska Bistrica 116 I9 Bistria Ger. Bistritz, Hung. Beszterce; prev. Nösen. Bistria-Năsăud, N Romania 47°10´N 24°31´E

53°45´N 02°29´W

39 T11 Blackburn, Mount l Alaska, USA 61°43´N 143°25´W

33 P9

116 K10 Bistria Ger. Bistritz. j NE Romania 116 I9 Bistria-Năsăud r county N Romania Bistritz see Bistria Bistritz ober Pernstein see Bystřice nad Pernštejnem 152 L11 Biswān Uttar Pradesh, N India 27°30´N 81°00´E 110 M7 Bisztynek WarmińskoMazurskie, NE Poland

28 J10

79 E17 Bitam Woleu-Ntem, N Gabon 02°05´N 11°30´E 101 D18 Bitburg Rheinland-Pfalz, SW Germany 49°58´N 06°31´E 103 U4 Bitche Moselle, NE France

26 F7

54°05´N 20°53´E

49°01´N 07°27´E

78 I11 Bitkine Guéra, C Chad 11°59´N 18°13´E

137 R15 Bitlis Bitlis, SE Turkey 38°23´N 42°04´E

137 R14 Bitlis r province E Turkey Bitoeng see Bitung 113 N20 Bitola Turk. Monastir; prev. Bitolj. S FYR Macedonia 107 O17 77 Q13 155 C20 101 M14 32 O9

41°01´N 21°22´E Bitolj see Bitola Bitonto anc. Butuntum. Puglia, SE Italy 41°07´N 16°41´E Bitou var. Bittou. SE Burkina Faso 11°19´N 00°17´W Bitra Island island Lakshadweep, India, N Indian Ocean Bitterfeld SachsenAnhalt, E Germany 51°37´N 12°18´E Bitterroot Range m Idaho/ Montana, NW USA

33 P10 Bitterroot River j Montana, NW USA 107 D18 Bitti Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 171 Q11 60 I12 77 Y13 164 J13 171 X14 27 P10 122 J13 122 J13 164 H13 120 K10 105 O2 92 G2 95 K22 93 I16 113 I14 112 C10 112 F8 112 F8

40°30´N 09°31´E Bittou see Bitou Bitung prev. Bitoeng. Sulawesi, C Indonesia 01°28´N 125°13´E Bituruna Paraná, S Brazil 26°11´S 51°34´W Biu Borno, E Nigeria 10°35´N 12°13´E Biumba see Byumba Biwa-ko c Honshū, SW Japan Biwarlaut Papua, E Indonesia 05°44´S 138°14´E Bixby Oklahoma, C USA 35°56´N 95°52´W Biya j S Russian Federation Biysk Altayskiy Kray, S Russian Federation 52°34´N 85°09´E Bizen Okayama, Honshū, SW Japan 34°45´N 134°10´E Bizerta see Bizerte Bizerte Ar. Banzart, Eng. Bizerta. N Tunisia 37°18´N 09°48´E Bizkaia Cast. Vizcaya. r province País Vasco, N Spain Bjargtangar headland W Iceland 63°30´N 24°29´W Bjärnå see Perniö Bjärnum Skåne, S Sweden 56°15´N 13°45´E Bjästa Västernorrland, C Sweden 63°12´N 18°30´E Bjelašnica l SE Bosnia and Herzegovina 43°13´N 18°18´E Bjelolasica l NW Croatia 45°13´N 14°56´E Bjelovar Hung. Belovár. Bjelovar-Bilogora, N Croatia 45°54´N 16°49´E Bjelovar-Bilogora off. Bjelovarsko-Bilogorska Županija. r province NE Croatia

BjelovarskoBilogorska Županija see Bjelovar-Bilogora 92 H10 Bjerkvik Nordland, C Norway 68°31´N 16°08´E 95 G21 Bjerringbro Midtjylland, NW Denmark 56°23´N 09°40´E Bjeshkët e Namuna see North Albanian Alps 95 L14 Björbo Dalarna, C Sweden 60°28´N 14°44´E

21 S12 Bishopville South Carolina, SE USA 34°18´N 80°15´W 138 M5 Bishrī, Jabal m E Syria 163 U4 Bishui Heilongjiang, NE China 52°06´N 123°42´E 81 G17 Bisina, Lake prev. Lake Salisbury. c E Uganda Biskara see Biskra 74 L6 Biskra var. Beskra, Biskara. NE Algeria 34°51´N 05°44´E 110 M8 Biskupiec Ger. Bischofsburg. Warmińsko-Mazurskie, NE Poland 53°52´N 20°57´E 171 R7 Bislig Mindanao, S Philippines 08°10´N 126°19´E 27 X6 Bismarck Missouri, C USA 37°46´N 90°37´W 28 M5 Bismarck state capital North Dakota, N USA 46°49´N 100°47´W

43 N6 Bismuna, Laguna lagoon NE Nicaragua Bisnulok see Phitsanulok 171 R10 Bisoa, Tanjung headland Pulau Halmahera, N Indonesia

95 I15 Bjørkelangen Akershus, S Norway 59°54´N 11°33´E 95 O14 Björklinge Uppsala, C Sweden 60°03´N 17°33´E 95 P14 Bjørkø-Arholma Stockholm, C Sweden 59°51´N 19°01´E

93 I14 Björksele Västerbotten, N Sweden 64°58´N 18°30´E 93 I16 Björna Västernorrland, C Sweden 63°34´N 18°38´E 95 C14 Bjørnafjorden fjord S Norway 95 L16 Björneborg Värmland, C Sweden 59°13´N 14°15´E Björneborg see Pori 95 E14 Bjornesfjorden c S Norway 92 M9 Bjørnevatn Finnmark, N Norway 69°40´N 29°57´E 197 T13 Bjørnøya Eng. Bear Island. island N Norway 93 I15 Bjurholm Västerbotten, N Sweden 63°57´N 19°16´E 95 J22 Bjuv Skåne, S Sweden 56°05´N 12°57´E

76 M12 Bla Ségou, W Mali 12°58´N 05°45´W

181 W8 Blackall Queensland, E Australia 24°26´S 145°32´E 29 V2 Black Bay lake bay Minnesota, N USA 27 N9 Black Bear Creek j Oklahoma, C USA

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

28 I10 11 T10 22 G6 31 Q5 18 I7

21 P10

43°11´N 112°20´W

Blackfoot River j Montana, NW USA Black Forest see Schwarzwald Blackhawk South Dakota, N USA 44°09´N 103°18´W Black Hills m South Dakota/ Wyoming, N USA Black Lake c Saskatchewan, C Canada Black Lake d Louisiana, S USA Black Lake c Michigan, N USA Black Lake c New York, NE USA Black Mesa l Oklahoma, C USA 37°00´N 103°07´W Black Mountain North Carolina, SE USA 35°37´N 82°19´W

35 P13 Black Mountain l California, W USA 35°22´N 120°21´W

96 J10 Blairgowrie C Scotland, United Kingdom

31 R11 Blissfield Michigan, N USA

31 Q12 Bluffton Indiana, N USA

56°19´N 03°25´W 18 C15 Blairsville Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°25´N 79°12´W 116 H11 Blaj Ger. Blasendorf, Hung. Balázsfalva. Alba, SW Romania 46°10´N 23°57´E

77 R15 Blitta prev. Blibba. C Togo

31 R12 Bluffton Ohio, N USA

19 O13

25 T7

23 S7

83 H23

64 F9

30 M1 Blake Point headland Michigan, N USA

102 M7

31°00´N 79°00´W 48°11´N 88°25´W

61 B24 56 C12 105 T12 37 S7 24 I9 120 K9

31 R12 182 E8 182 J4 31 R14 182 J9

Black Mountains m SE Wales, United Kingdom 36 H10 Black Mountains m Arizona, SW USA 21 O7 Black Mountains l Kentucky, E USA

103 T11

36°54´N 82°53´W

33 Q16 Black Pine Peak l Idaho, NW USA 42°07´N 113°07´W 97 K17 Blackpool NW England, United Kingdom 53°50´N 03°03´W

37 Q14 Black Range m New Mexico, SW USA 44 I12 Black River W Jamaica 18°02´N 77°52´W

14 J14 Black River j Ontario, SE Canada 129 U12 Black River Chin. Babian Jiang, Lixian Jiang, Fr. Rivière Noire, Vtn. Sông Ða. j China/Vietnam 44 I12 Black River j W Jamaica 39 T7 Black River j Alaska, USA 37 N13 Black River j Arizona, SW USA 27 X7 Black River j Arkansas/ Missouri, C USA 22 I7 Black River j Louisiana, S USA 31 S8 Black River j Michigan, N USA 31 Q5 Black River j Michigan, N USA 18 I8 Black River j New York, NE USA 21 T13 Black River j South Carolina, SE USA 30 J7 Black River j Wisconsin, N USA 30 J7 Black River Falls Wisconsin, N USA 44°18´N 90°51´W 35 R3 Black Rock Desert desert Nevada, W USA Black Sand Desert see Garagum 21 S7 Blacksburg Virginia, NE USA 37°15´N 80°25´W 136 H10 Black Sea var. Euxine Sea, Bul. Cherno More, Rom. Marea Neagră, Rus. Chernoye More, Turk. Karadeniz, Ukr. Chorne More. sea Asia/ Europe 117 Q10 Black Sea Lowland Ukr. Prychornomor‘ska Nyzovyna. depression SE Europe 33 S17 Blacks Fork j Wyoming, C USA 23 V7 Blackshear Georgia, SE USA 31°18´N 82°14´W

Blackshear, Lake d Georgia, SE USA 97 A16 Blacksod Bay Ir. Cuan an Fhóid Duibh. inlet W Ireland 21 V7 Blackstone Virginia, NE USA 23 S6

37°04´N 78°00´W 77 O14 Black Volta var. Borongo, Mouhoun, Moun Hou, Fr. Volta Noire. j W Africa

23 O5 Black Warrior River j Alabama, S USA 181 X8 Blackwater Queensland, E Australia 23°34´S 148°51´E 97 D20 Blackwater Ir. An Abhainn Mhór. j S Ireland 27 T4 Blackwater River j Missouri, C USA 21 W7 Blackwater River j Virginia, NE USA Blackwater State see Nebraska 27 N8 Blackwell Oklahoma, C USA 25 P7

32 D14 62 H10 56 F10 15 O9 21 R7 92 I2 37 O7 105 X5 103 N3 111 C18 99 C16 101 D17 25 R8 55 O3

61 F18 111 G18 83 N15 83 N15

98 J10

113 F15

108 E10 101 J20 95 E23 102 G6 102 J12 183 R8 65 D25 109 T10 99 D20 109 U9 101 L17

32°05´N 100°19´W

95 L22 14 D17

50°19´N 127°30´E

Blagoveshchensk Respublika Bashkortostan, W Russian Federation 55°03´N 56°01´E

Blain Loire-Atlantique, NW France 47°26´N 01°47´W 29 V8 Blaine Minnesota, N USA 102 I7

42 K14

98 H12

99 J15 Bladel Noord-Brabant, S Netherlands 51°22´N 05°13´E Bladenmarkt see Bălăuşeri 114 G11 Blagoevgrad prev. Gorna Dzhumaya. Blagoevgrad, W Bulgaria 42°01´N 23°05´E 114 G11 Blagoevgrad r province SW Bulgaria 123 Q14 Blagoveshchensk Amurskaya Oblast’, SE Russian Federation 127 V4

25 R11

36°48´N 97°16´W

Blackwell Texas, SW USA

45°09´N 93°13´W

32 H6 Blaine Washington, NW USA 48°59´N 122°45´W 11 T15 Blaine Lake Saskatchewan, S Canada 52°49´N 106°48´W 29 S14 Blair Nebraska, C USA 41°32´N 96°07´W

Administrative Regions International Airport

98 H10

83 I22

45 U13

96 K1

31°22´N 84°55´W

19 O13

64 E10 Blake Plateau var. Blake Terrace. undersea feature W Atlantic Ocean

37 Q2 Black Mountain l Colorado, C USA 40°47´N 107°23´W

Blake-Bahama Ridge undersea feature W Atlantic Ocean 29°00´N 73°30´W Blakely Georgia, SE USA

41°49´N 83°51´W

185 K15 99 M15

25 V13 14 I10 120 H10 95 P15 95 K18 185 A21 187 X14 14 D11

Blake Terrace see Blake Plateau Blanca, Bahía bay E Argentina Blanca, Cordillera m W Peru Blanca, Costa physical region SE Spain Blanca Peak l Colorado, C USA 37°34´N 105°29´W Blanca, Sierra l Texas, SW USA 31°15´N 105°26´W Blanc, Cap headland N Tunisia 37°20´N 09°41´E Blanc, Cap see Nouâdhibou, Râs Blanchard River j Ohio, N USA Blanche, Cape headland South Australia 33°03´S 134°10´E Blanche, Lake c South Australia Blanchester Ohio, N USA 39°17´N 83°59´W Blanchetown South Australia 34°21´S 139°36´E Blanchisseuse Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago 10°47´N 61°18´W Blanc, Mont It. Monte Bianco. l France/Italy 45°45´N 06°51´E Blanco Texas, SW USA 30°06´N 98°25´W Blanco, Cabo headland NW Costa Rica 09°34´N 85°06´W Blanco, Cape headland Oregon, NW USA 42°49´N 124°33´W Blanco, Río j W Argentina Blanco, Río j NE Peru Blanc, Réservoir d Québec, SE Canada Bland Virginia, NE USA 37°06´N 81°08´W Blanda j N Iceland Blanding Utah, W USA 37°37´N 109°28´W Blanes Cataluña, NE Spain 41°41´N 02°48´E Blangy-sur-Bresle Seine-Maritime, N France 49°55´N 01°37´E Blanice Ger. Blanitz. j SE Czech Republic Blanitz see Blanice Blankenberge WestVlaanderen, NW Belgium 51°19´N 03°08´E Blankenheim NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 50°26´N 06°41´E Blanket Texas, SW USA 31°49´N 98°47´W Blanquilla, Isla var. La Blanquilla. island N Venezuela Blanquilla, La see Blanquilla, Isla Blanquillo Durazno, C Uruguay 32°53´S 55°37´W Blansko Ger. Blanz. Jihomoravský Kraj, SE Czech Republic 49°22´N 16°39´E Blantyre var. BlantyreLimbe. Southern, S Malawi 15°45´S 35°04´E Blantyre k Southern, S Malawi 15°34´S 35°03´E Blantyre-Limbe see Blantyre Blanz see Blansko Blaricum Noord-Holland, C Netherlands 52°16´N 05°15´E Blasendorf see Blaj Blatnitsa see Durankulak Blato It. Blatta. DubrovnikNeretva, S Croatia 42°57´N 16°47´E Blatta see Blato Blatten Valais, SW Switzerland 46°22´N 08°00´E Blaufelden BadenWürttemberg, SW Germany 49°21´N 10°01´E Blåvands Huk headland W Denmark 55°33´N 08°04´E Blavet j NW France Blaye Gironde, SW France Blayney New South Wales, SE Australia 33°33´S 149°13´E Bleaker Island island SE Falkland Islands Bled Ger. Veldes. NW Slovenia 46°23´N 14°06´E Bléharies Hainaut, SW Belgium 50°31´N 03°25´E Bleiburg Slvn. Pliberk. Kärnten, S Austria 46°36´N 14°49´E Bleiloch-stausee d C Germany Bleiswijk Zuid-Holland, W Netherlands 52°01´N 04°32´E Blekinge r county S Sweden Blenheim Ontario, S Canada 42°20´N 81°59´W Blenheim Marlborough, South Island, New Zealand 41°32´S 174°E Blerick Limburg, SE Netherlands 51°22´N 06°10´E Blesae see Blois Blessing Texas, SW USA 28°52´N 96°12´W Bleu, Lac c Québec, SE Canada Blibba see Blitta Blida var. El Boulaida, El Boulaïda. N Algeria 36°30´N 02°50´E Blidö Stockholm, C Sweden 59°37´N 18°55´E Blidsberg Västra Götaland, S Sweden 57°55´N 13°30´E Bligh Sound sound South Island, New Zealand Bligh Water strait NW Fiji Blind River Ontario, S Canada 46°12´N 82°59´W

Mountain Mountain Range

Volcano River

98 L8 95 N20 92 I2 110 L11 97 C14 31 N15 29 X16 27 Y8 37 P9 25 U7

08°19´N 00°59´E Block Island island Rhode Island, NE USA Block Island Sound sound Rhode Island, NE USA Bloemendaal NoordHolland, W Netherlands 52°23´N 04°39´E Bloemfontein var. Mangaung. a (South Africajudicial capital) Free State, C South Africa 29°07´S 26°14´E Bloemhof NorthWest, NW South Africa 27°39´S 25°37´E Blois anc. Blesae. Loir-etCher, C France 47°36´N 01°20´E Blokzijl Overijssel, N Netherlands 52°46´N 05°58´E Blomstermåla Kalmar, S Sweden 56°58´N 16°19´E Blönduós Norðurland Vestra, N Iceland 65°39´N 20°15´W Błonie Mazowieckie, C Poland 52°13´N 20°36´E Bloody Foreland Ir. Cnoc Fola. headland NW Ireland 55°09´N 08°18´W Bloomfield Indiana, N USA 39°01´N 86°58´W Bloomfield Iowa, C USA 40°45´N 92°24´W Bloomfield Missouri, C USA 36°54´N 89°58´W Bloomfield New Mexico, SW USA 36°42´N 108°00´W Blooming Grove Texas, SW USA 32°05´N 96°43´W

29 W10 Blooming Prairie Minnesota, N USA 43°52´N 93°03´W

40°44´N 85°10´W

101 G24 60 K13 29 N9 32 H15 39 R13 97 M14 35 Y16 27 Y9 117 V7 95 G16 76 I15 171 O4 42 K10 42 J10 79 I15

31 V12 32 J11

30 L13 Bloomington Illinois, N USA

14 F13

31 O15 Bloomington Indiana, N USA 39°10´N 86°31´W 29 V9 Bloomington Minnesota, N USA 44°50´N 93°18´W 25 U13 Bloomington Texas, SW USA 28°39´N 96°53´W 18 H14 Bloomsburg Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°59´N 76°27´W 181 X7 Bloomsbury Queensland, NE Australia 20°47´S 148°35´E 169 R16 Blora Jawa, C Indonesia

58 F10

40°28´N 88°59´W

06°55´S 111°29´E

18 G12 Blossburg Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°38´N 77°00´W 25 V5 Blossom Texas, SW USA 123 T5 23 R8 21 P8 21 Q9 108 J8 36 L6 23 Y12 29 U11 21 Q7 21 R7 43 N10 43 N10 29 Z14

19 S7 29 P16 30 J5 34 L3

37 Q6 27 S12 19 O6 18 K8 18 H15 44 H10 183 S8 32 L11 80 G12 80 H12

8

J7

27 O3 23 S1 17 S11 23 S1

11 N15 27 O12 27 R4 21 R6 185 C25 37 O8 21 P8 65 E24 25 S7 183 N15

33°39´N 95°23´W

Blossom, Mys headland Ostrov Vrangelya, NE Russian Federation 70°49´N 178°49´E Blountstown Florida, SE USA 30°26´N 85°03´W Blountville Tennessee, S USA 36°31´N 82°19´W Blowing Rock North Carolina, SE USA 36°15´N 81°53´W Bludenz Vorarlberg, W Austria 47°10´N 09°50´E Blue Bell Knoll l Utah, W USA 38°11´N 111°31´W Blue Cypress Lake c Florida, SE USA Blue Earth Minnesota, N USA 43°38´N 94°06´W Bluefield Virginia, NE USA 37°15´N 81°16´W Bluefield West Virginia, NE USA 37°16´N 81°13´W Bluefields Región Autónoma Atlántico Sur, SE Nicaragua 12°01´N 83°47´W Bluefields, Bahía de bay W Caribbean Sea Blue Grass Iowa, C USA 41°30´N 90°46´W Bluegrass State see Kentucky Blue Hen State see Delaware Blue Hill Maine, NE USA 44°25´N 68°36´W Blue Hill Nebraska, C USA 40°19´N 98°27´W Blue Hills hill range Wisconsin, N USA Blue Lake California, W USA 40°52´N 124°00´W Blue Law State see Connecticut Blue Mesa Reservoir d Colorado, C USA Blue Mountain l Arkansas, C USA 34°42´N 94°04´W Blue Mountain l New Hampshire, NE USA 44°48´N 71°26´W Blue Mountain l New York, NE USA 43°52´N 74°24´W Blue Mountain ridge Pennsylvania, NE USA Blue Mountain Peak l E Jamaica 18°02´N 76°34´W Blue Mountains m New South Wales, SE Australia Blue Mountains m Oregon/ Washington, NW USA Blue Nile r state E Sudan Blue Nile var. Abai, Bahr el, Azraq, Amh. Ābay Wenz, Ar. An Nīl al Azraq. j Ethiopia/ Sudan Bluenose Lake c Nunavut, NW Canada Blue Rapids Kansas, C USA 39°39´N 96°38´W Blue Ridge Georgia, SE USA 34°51´N 84°19´W Blue Ridge var. Blue Ridge Mountains. m North Carolina/Virginia, USA Blue Ridge Lake d Georgia, SE USA Blue Ridge Mountains see Blue Ridge Blue River British Columbia, SW Canada 52°03´N 119°21´W Blue River j Oklahoma, C USA Blue Springs Missouri, C USA 39°01´N 94°16´W Bluestone Lake d West Virginia, NE USA Bluff Southland, South Island, New Zealand 46°36´S 168°22´E Bluff Utah, W USA 37°15´N 109°36´W Bluff City Tennessee, S USA 36°28´N 82°15´W Bluff Cove East Falkland, Falkland Islands 51°45´S 58°11´W Bluff Dale Texas, SW USA 32°18´N 98°01´W Bluff Hill Point headland Tasmania, SE Australia 41°03´S 144°35´E

Lake Reservoir

76 D9 23 Q2 160 L15 172 J1 155 M14 106 D9 14 I14 103 O5

40°54´N 83°53´W Blum Texas, SW USA 32°08´N 97°24´W Blumberg BadenWürttemberg, SW Germany 47°48´N 08°31´E Blumenau Santa Catarina, S Brazil 26°55´S 49°07´W Blunt South Dakota, N USA 44°30´N 99°58´E Bly Oregon, NW USA 42°22´N 121°04´W Blying Sound sound Alaska, USA Blyth N England, United Kingdom 55°07´N 01°30´W Blythe California, W USA 33°35´N 114°36´W Blytheville Arkansas, C USA 35°56´N 89°55´W Blyznyuky Kharkivs’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 48°51´N 36°32´E Bø Telemark, S Norway 59°24´N 09°04´E Bo S Sierra Leone 07°58´N 11°45´W Boac Marinduque, N Philippines 13°26´N 121°50´E Boaco Boaco, S Nicaragua 12°28´N 85°45´W Boaco r department C Nicaragua Boali Ombella-Mpoko, SW Central African Republic 04°52´N 18°00´E Boalsert see Bolsward Boardman Ohio, N USA 41°01´N 80°39´W Boardman Oregon, NW USA 45°50´N 119°42´W Boat Lake c Ontario, S Canada Boa Vista state capital Roraima, NW Brazil 02°51´N 60°43´W Boa Vista island Ilhas de Barlavento, E Cape Verde Boaz Alabama, S USA 34°12´N 86°10´W Bobai Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, S China 22°09´N 109°57´E Bobaomby, Tanjona Fr. Cap d’Ambre. headland N Madagascar 11°58´S 49°13´E Bobbili Andhra Pradesh, E India 18°32´N 83°29´E Bobbio Emilia-Romagna, C Italy 44°48´N 09°27´E Bobcaygeon Ontario, SE Canada 44°32´N 78°33´W Bober see Bóbr Bobigny Seine-St-Denis, N France 48°55´N 02°27´E

77 N13 Bobo-Dioulasso SW Burkina Faso 11°12´N 04°21´W

110 G8 Bobolice Ger. Bublitz. Zachodnio-pomorskie, NW Poland 53°56´N 16°37´E 83 J19 Bobonong Central, E Botswana 21°58´S 28°26´E 171 R11 Bobopayo Pulau Halmahera, E Indonesia 01°07´N 127°26´E 113 J15 Bobotov Kuk l N Montenegro 43°06´N 19°00´E

114 G10 Bobov Dol var. Bobovdol. Kyustendil, W Bulgaria 42°21´N 22°59´E

Bobovdol see Bobov Dol 119 M15 Bobr Minskaya Voblasts’, NW Belarus 54°20´N 29°16´E 119 M15 Bobr j C Belarus 111 E14 Bóbr Eng. Bobrawa, Ger. Bober. j SW Poland Bobrawa see Bóbr Bobrik see Bobryk Bobrinets see Bobrynets’ Bobrka/Bóbrka see Bibrka 126 L8 Bobrov Voronezhskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 51°10´N 40°03´E

117 Q4 Bobrovytsya Chernihivs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 50°43´N 31°24´E

Bobruysk see Babruysk 119 J19 Bobryk Rus. Bobrik. j SW Belarus 117 Q8 Bobrynets’ Rus. Bobrinets. Kirovohrads’ka Oblast’, C Ukraine 48°02´N 32°10´E 14 K14 Bobs Lake c Ontario, SE Canada 54 I6 Bobures Zulia, NW Venezuela 09°15´N 71°10´W

42 H1 Boca Bacalar Chico headland N Belize 15°05´N 82°12´W

112 G11 Bočac r  Republika Srpska, NW Bosnia and Herzegovina 41 R14 Boca del Río Veracruz-Llave, S Mexico 19°08´N 96°08´W 55 O4 Boca de Pozo Nueva Esparta, NE Venezuela 11°00´N 64°23´W 59 C15 Boca do Acre Amazonas, N Brazil 08°45´S 67°23´W 55 N12 Boca Mavaca Amazonas, S Venezuela 02°30´N 65°11´W 79 G14 Bocaranga Ouham-Pendé, W Central African Republic 07°07´N 15°40´E

23 Z15 Boca Raton Florida, SE USA 26°22´N 80°05´W

43 P14 Bocas del Toro Bocas del Toro, NW Panama 09°20´N 82°15´W

43 P15 Bocas del Toro off. Provincia de Bocas del Toro. r province NW Panama 43 P15 Bocas del Toro, Archipiélago de island group NW Panama Bocas del Toro, Provincia de see Bocas del Toro 42 L7 Bocay Jinotega, N Nicaragua 14°19´N 85°08´W

105 N6 Boceguillas Castilla y León, N Spain 41°20´N 03°39´W Bocheykovo see Bacheykava 111 L17 Bochnia Małopolskie, SE Poland 49°58´N 20°27´E 99 K16 Bocholt Limburg, NE Belgium 51°10´N 05°37´E 101 D14 Bocholt NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 51°50´N 06°37´E

101 E15 Bochum NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 51°29´N 07°13´E

103 Y15 Bocognano Corse, France, C Mediterranean Sea 54 I6

42°04´N 09°03´E

Boconó Trujillo, NW Venezuela 09°17´N 70°17´W

227

Bocşa – Borsod-aBaúj-Zemplén megye 116 F12 Bocşa Ger. Bokschen, Hung. Boksánbánya. Caraș-Severin, SW Romania 45°23´N 21°47´E 79 H15 Boda Lobaye, SW Central African Republic

126 M9 Boguchar Voronezhskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation

94 L12

22 K8

95 O20 95 L19 123 O12 22 G5

44 D8

101 K14 34 L7

98 H11 78 H8 92 J13

04°17´N 17°25´E Boda Dalarna, C Sweden 61°00´N 15°15´E Böda Kalmar, S Sweden 57°16´N 17°04´E Bodafors Jönköping, S Sweden 57°30´N 14°40´E Bodaybo Irkutskaya Oblast’, E Russian Federation 57°52´N 114°05´E Bodcau, Bayou var. Bodcau Creek. j Louisiana, S USA Bodcau Creek see Bodcau, Bayou Bodden Town var. Boddentown. Grand Cayman, SW Cayman Islands 19°20´N 81°14´W Boddentown see Bodden Town Bode j C Germany Bodega Head headland California, W USA 38°16´N 123°04´W Bodegas see Babahoyo Bodegraven Zuid-Holland, C Netherlands 52°05´N 04°45´E Bodélé depression W Chad Boden Norrbotten, N Sweden 65°50´N 21°44´E Bodensee see Constance, Lake, C Europe

65 M15 Bode Verde Fracture Zone tectonic feature E Atlantic Ocean 155 H14 Bodhan Telangana, C India 18°40´N 77°51´E Bodī see Jinst

155 H22 Bodināyakkanūr Tamil Nādu, SE India 10°02´N 77°18´E 108 H10 Bodio Ticino, S Switzerland 46°23´N 08°55´E

Bodjonegoro see Bojonegoro 97 I24 Bodmin SW England, United Kingdom 50°29´N 04°43´W 97 I24 Bodmin Moor moorland SW England, United Kingdom 92 G12 Bodø Nordland, C Norway 67°17´N 14°22´E

59 H20 Bodoquena, Serra da m SW Brazil 136 B16 Bodrum Muğla, SW Turkey

76 H10

44 K12 161 Q3 161 R3 161 Q3 111 C17 111 B18

Bohemian-Moravian Highlands see Českomoravská Vrchovina 77 R16 Bohicon S Benin 07°14´N 02°04´E

109 S11 Bohinjska Bistrica Ger. Wocheiner Feistritz. NW Slovenia 46°16´N 13°55´E Bohkká see Pokka Böhmen see Bohemia Böhmerwald see Bohemian Forest Böhmisch-Krumau see Český Krumlov Böhmisch-Leipa see Česká Lípa Böhmisch-Mährische Höhe see Českomoravská Vrchovina Böhmisch-Trübau see Česká Třebová 117 U5 Bohodukhiv Rus. Bogodukhov. Kharkivs’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 171 Q6 171 Q7 116 I7

158 K6 111 I17

37°01´N 27°28´E

Bodzafordulő see Întorsura Buzăului 99 L14 Boekel Noord-Brabant, SE Netherlands 51°35´N 05°42´E Boeloekoemba see Bulukumba 103 Q11 Boën Loire, E France 45°45´N 04°01´E

79 K18 Boende Equateur, C Dem. Rep. Congo 0°12´S 20°54´E 25 R11 Boerne Texas, SW USA

22 I5 76 H14

166 L9 22 L8 77 Q12 79 I15 183 Q7 25 W5 111 D14 136 K13 79 J17

29°47´N 98°44´W Boeroe see Buru, Pulau Boetoeng see Buton, Pulau Boeuf River j Arkansas/ Louisiana, S USA Boffa W Guinea 10°12´N 14°02´W Bó Finne, Inis see Inishbofin Boga see Bogë Bogale Ayeyawady, SW Myanmar (Burma) 16°16´N 95°21´E Bogalusa Louisiana, S USA 30°47´N 89°51´W Bogandé C Burkina Faso 13°02´N 00°08´W Bogangolo Ombella-Mpoko, C Central African Republic 05°36´N 18°17´E Bogan River j New South Wales, SE Australia Bogata Texas, SW USA 33°28´N 95°12´W Bogatynia Ger. Reichenau. Dolnośląskie, SW Poland 50°53´N 14°55´E Boğazlıyan Yozgat, C Turkey 39°13´N 35°17´E Bogbonga Equateur, NW Dem. Rep. Congo 01°36´N 19°24´E

158 J14 Bogcang Zangbo j W China 162 I9 Bogd var. Horiult. Bayanhongor, C Mongolia 45°09´N 100°50´E

162 J10 Bogd var. Hovd. Övörhangay, C Mongolia 158 L5 114 I9 113 Q20 158 M5 113 K17

95 G23 183 T3 183 S6 186 D6 97 N23

181 V15 169 O16 126 L5 127 O3

123 S12 125 R15

54 F10

153 T14 122 L12

228

44°43´N 102°08´E Bogda Feng l NW China 43°51´N 88°14´E Bogdan l C Bulgaria 42°37´N 24°28´E Bogdanci SE FYR Macedonia 41°12´N 22°34´E Bogda Shan var. Po-ko-to Shan. m NW China Bogë var. Boga. Shkodër, N Albania 42°25´N 19°38´E Bogeda’er see Wenquan Bogendorf see Łuków Bogense Syddtjylland, C Denmark 55°34´N 10°06´E Boggabilla New South Wales, SE Australia 28°37´S 150°21´E Boggabri New South Wales, SE Australia 30°44´S 150°00´E Bogia Madang, N Papua New Guinea 04°16´S 144°56´E Bognor Regis SE England, United Kingdom 50°47´N 00°41´W Bogodukhov see Bohodukhiv Bogong, Mount l Victoria, SE Australia 36°43´S 147°19´E Bogor Dut. Buitenzorg. Jawa, C Indonesia 06°34´S 106°45´E Bogoroditsk Tul’skaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 53°46´N 38°09´E Bogorodsk Nizhegorodskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 56°06´N 43°29´E Bogorodskoje see Bogorodskoye Bogorodskoye Khabarovskiy Kray, SE Russian Federation 52°22´N 140°33´E Bogorodskoye var. Bogorodskoje. Kirovskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 57°50´N 50°41´E Bogotá prev. Santa Fe, Santa Fe de Bogotá. a (Colombia) Cundinamarca, C Colombia 04°38´N 74°05´W Bogra Rajshahi, N Bangladesh 24°52´N 89°28´E Bogschan see Boldu Boguchany Krasnoyarskiy Kray, C Russian Federation 58°20´N 97°20´E

49°57´N 40°34´E Bogué Brakna, SW Mauritania 16°36´N 14°15´W Bogue Chitto j Louisiana/ Mississippi, S USA Bogushëvsk see Bahushewsk Boguslav see Bohuslav Bog Walk C Jamaica 18°06´N 77°01´W Bo Hai var. Gulf of Chihli. gulf NE China Bohai Haixia strait NE China Bohai Wan bay NE China Bohemia Cz. Čechy, Ger. Böhmen. W Czech Republic Bohemian Forest Cz. Ceský Les, Šumava, Ger. Böhmerwald. m C Europe

117 P6 58 F11 107 K16 15 R8 59 O17 104 G3 31 Q5

50°10´N 35°32´E Bohol island C Philippines Bohol Sea var. Mindanao Sea. sea S Philippines Bohorodchany IvanoFrankivs’ka Oblast’, W Ukraine 48°46´N 24°31´E Böhöt see Öndörshil Bohu var. Bagrax. Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 42°00´N 86°28´E Bohumín Ger. Oderberg; prev. Neuoderberg, Nový Bohumín. Moravskoslezský Kraj, E Czech Republic 49°55´N 18°20´E Bohuslav Rus. Boguslav. Kyyivs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 49°33´N 30°53´E Boiaçu Roraima, N Brazil 0°27´S 61°46´W Boiano Molise, C Italy 41°28´N 14°28´E Boilleau Québec, SE Canada 48°06´N 70°49´W Boipeba, Ilha de island SE Brazil Boiro Galicia, NW Spain 42°39´N 08°53´W Bois Blanc Island island Michigan, N USA

40 L12 Bolaños, Río j C Mexico 115 M14 Bolayır Çanakkale, NW Turkey 40°31´N 26°46´E 102 L3 Bolbec Seine-Maritime, N France 49°34´N 00°31´E 116 L13 Boldu var. Bogschan. Buzău, SE Romania 45°18´N 27°15´E 146 H8 Boldumsaz prev. Kalinin, Kalininsk, Porsy. Dașoguz Welaýaty, N Turkmenistan 158 I4 77 O15 79 J19 111 E14 127 R4

77 P14 117 N12 163 Y8 79 I19 93 J14 171 T13 171 N2 54 C12 27 T6 20 F10 54 F7 56 A13 55 N9

25 54 57

112 126

Bois de Sioux River j Minnesota, N USA 33 N14 Boise var. Boise City. state capital Idaho, NW USA

111

26 G8 Boise City Oklahoma, C USA

103

29 R7

43°39´N 116°14´W

36°44´N 102°31´W Boise City see Boise

33 N14 Boise River, Middle Fork j Idaho, NW USA Bois, Lac des see Woods, Lake of the Bois-le-Duc see ’s-Hertogenbosch 11 W17 Boissevain Manitoba, S Canada 49°14´N 100°02´W 15 T7 Boisvert, Pointe au headland Québec, SE Canada 48°34´N 69°07´W

100 K10 Boizenburg MecklenburgVorpommern, N Germany

53°23´N 10°43´E Bojador see Boujdour 113 K18 Bojana Alb. Bunë. j Albania/Montenegro see also Bunë Bojana see Bunë, Lumi i 143 S3 Bojnūrd var. Bujnurd. Khorāsān-e Shemālī, N Iran 37°31´N 57°24´E 169 R16 Bojonegoro prev. Bodjonegoro. Jawa, C Indonesia 07°06´S 111°50´E 189 T1 Bokaak Atoll var. Bokak, Taongi. atoll Ratak Chain, NE Marshall Islands Bokak see Bokaak Atoll

Bo‘kantov Tog‘lari Rus. Gory Bukantau. m N Uzbekistan 153 Q15 Bokāro Jhārkhand, N India 146 K8

79 I18 76 H13 183 Q4 147 X8

78 H11 79 K19 167 N13

83 F21 79 K18 146 F12

78 G10 76 G13

105 N11 188 B17

23°46´N 85°55´E Bokatola Equateur, NW Dem. Rep. Congo 0°37´S 18°45´E Boké W Guinea 10°56´N 14°18´W Bokhara see Buxoro Bokharra River j New South Wales/Queensland, SE Australia Bokonbayevo Kir. Kajisay; prev. Kadzhi-Say. Issyk-Kul’skaya Oblast’, NE Kyrgyzstan 42°07´N 76°59´E Bokoro Hadjer-Lamis, W Chad 12°23´N 17°03´E Bokota Equateur, NW Dem. Rep. Congo 0°56´S 22°24´E Bokpyin Taninthayi, S Myanmar (Burma) 11°16´N 98°47´E Boksánbánya/Bokschen see Bocşa Bokspits Kgalagadi, SW Botswana 26°50´S 20°41´E Bokungu Equateur, C Dem. Rep. Congo 0°41´S 22°19´E Bokurdak Rus. Bakhardok. Ahal Welaýaty, C Turkmenistan 38°51´N 58°34´E Bol Lac, W Chad 13°27´N 14°40´E Bolama SW Guinea-Bissau 11°35´N 15°30´W Bolangir see Balāngīr Bolanos see Bolanos, Mount, Guam Bolaños see Bolaños de Calatrava, Spain Bolaños de Calatrava var. Bolaños. Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 38°55´N 03°39´W Bolanos, Mount var. Bolanos. l S Guam 13°18´N 144°41´E

Country Country Capital

182

94 181 192 93

104

95 137 79 106 124 79 41

114 167

106 107 126

127

127

124

126

122 125 125 145 123

42°12´N 59°33´E Bole var. Bortala. Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 44°52´N 82°06´E Bole NW Ghana 09°02´N 02°29´W Boleko Equateur, W Dem. Rep. Congo 01°27´S 19°52´E Bolesławiec Ger. Bunzlau. Dolnośląskie, SW Poland 51°16´N 15°34´E Bolgar prev. Kuybyshev. Respublika Tatarstan, W Russian Federation 54°58´N 49°03´E Bolgatanga N Ghana 10°45´N 00°52´W Bolgrad see Bolhrad Bolhrad Rus. Bolgrad. Odes’ka Oblast’, SW Ukraine 45°42´N 28°35´E Boli Heilongjiang, NE China 45°45´N 130°32´E Bolia Bandundu, W Dem. Rep. Congo 01°34´S 18°24´E Boliden Västerbotten, N Sweden 64°52´N 20°20´E Bolifar Pulau Seram, E Indonesia 03°08´S 130°34´E Bolinao Luzon, N Philippines 16°22´N 119°52´E Bolívar Cauca, SW Colombia 01°52´N 76°56´W Bolivar Missouri, C USA 37°37´N 93°25´W Bolivar Tennessee, S USA 35°17´N 88°59´W Bolívar off. Departmento de Bolívar. r province N Colombia Bolívar r province C Ecuador Bolívar off. Estado Bolívar. r state SE Venezuela

Bolívar, Departmento de see Bolívar Bolívar, Estado see Bolívar X12 Bolivar Peninsula headland Texas, SW USA 29°26´N 94°41´W I6 Bolívar, Pico l W Venezuela 08°33´N 71°05´W K17 Bolivia off. Plurinational State of Bolivia; prev. Republic of Bolivia. b republic W South America Bolivia, Plurinatinoal State of see Bolivia Bolivia, Republic of see Bolivia O13 Boljevac Serbia, E Serbia 43°50´N 21°57´E Bolkenhain see Bolków J5 Bolkhov Orlovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 53°28´N 36°00´E F14 Bolków Ger. Bolkenhain. Dolnośląskie, SW Poland 50°55´N 15°49´E K3 Bollards Lagoon South Australia 28°58´S 140°52´E R14 Bollène Vaucluse, SE France 44°16´N 04°45´E N12 Bollnäs Gävleborg, C Sweden 61°18´N 16°27´E W10 Bollon Queensland, C Australia 28°07´S 147°28´E L12 Bollons Tablemount undersea feature S Pacific Ocean 49°40´S 176°10´W H17 Bollstabruk Västernorrland, C Sweden 63°00´N 17°41´E Bolluilos de Par del Condado see Bollulos Par del Condado J14 Bollulos Par del Condado var. Bolluilos de Par del Condado. Andalucía, S Spain 37°20´N 06°32´W K21 Bolmen c S Sweden T10 Bolnisi S Georgia 41°28´N 44°34´E H19 Bolobo Bandundu, W Dem. Rep. Congo 02°10´S 16°17´E G10 Bologna Emilia-Romagna, N Italy 44°30´N 11°20´E I15 Bologoye Tverskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 57°54´N 34°04´E J18 Bolomba Equateur, NW Dem. Rep. Congo 0°27´N 19°13´E X13 Bolónchén de Rejón var. Bolonchén de Rejón. Campeche, SE Mexico 20°00´N 89°34´W J13 Boloústra, Akrotírio headland NE Greece 40°56´N 24°58´E L8 Bolovén, Phouphiang Fr. Plateau des Bolovens. plateau S Laos Bolovens, Plateau des see Bolovén, Phouphiang H13 Bolsena Lazio, C Italy 42°39´N 11°59´E G14 Bolsena, Lago di c C Italy B3 Bol’shakovo Ger. Kreuzingen; prev. GrossSkaisgirren. Kaliningradskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 54°53´N 21°38´E Bol’shaya Berëstovitsa see Vyalikaya Byerastavitsa S7 Bol’shaya Chernigovka Samarskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 52°07´N 50°49´E S7 Bol’shaya Glushitsa Samarskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 52°22´N 50°29´E J4 Bol’shaya Imandra, Ozero c NW Russian Federation Bol’shaya Khobda see Kobda M12 Bol’shaya Martynovka Rostovskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 47°19´N 41°40´E K12 Bol’shaya Murta Krasnoyarskiy Kray, C Russian Federation 56°51´N 93°10´E V4 Bol’shaya Rogovaya j NW Russian Federation U7 Bol’shaya Synya j NW Russian Federation V9 Bol’shaya Vladimirovka Vostochnyy Kazakhstan, E Kazakhstan 50°53´N 79°29´E V11 Bol’sheretsk Kamchatskiy Kray, E Russian Federation 52°20´N 156°24´E

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

127 W3 Bol’sheust’ikinskoye Respublika Bashkortostan, W Russian Federation 122 L5

56°00´N 58°13´E Bol’shevik see Bal’shavik Bol’shevik, Ostrov island Severnaya Zemlya, N Russian Federation

125 U4 Bol’shezemel’skaya Tundra physical region NW Russian Federation 144 J13 Bol’shiye Barsuki, Peski desert SW Kazakhstan 123 T7 Bol’shoy Anyuy j NE Russian Federation 123 N7 Bol’shoy Begichev, Ostrov island NE Russian Federation 123 S15 Bol’shoye Kamen’ Primorskiy Kray, SE Russian Federation 43°06´N 132°21´E 127 O4 Bol’shoye Murashkino Nizhegorodskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 55°46´N 44°48´E

127 W4 Bol’shoy Iremel’ l W Russian Federation 54°31´N 58°47´E

Bol’shoy Irgiz j W Russian Federation 123 Q6 Bol’shoy Lyakhovskiy, Ostrov island NE Russian Federation 123 Q11 Bol’shoy Nimnyr Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 57°55´N 125°34´E Bol’shoy Rozhan see Vyaliki Rozhan Bol’shoy Uzen’ see Karaozen 40 K6 Bolsón de Mapimí m NW Mexico 98 K6 Bolsward Fris. Boalsert. Fryslân, N Netherlands 127 R7

105 T4 14 G15 97 K17 21 V12 136 G11 136 G11 186 G9 92 H1 159 O10 159 P8 136 F14 114 M10 106 G6 79 F22 183 R12 104 F10

53°04´N 05°31´E Boltaña Aragón, NE Spain 42°28´N 00°02´E Bolton Ontario, S Canada 43°52´N 79°45´W Bolton prev. Bolton-leMoors. NW England, United Kingdom 53°35´N 02°26´W Bolton North Carolina, SE USA 34°22´N 78°26´W Bolton-le-Moors see Bolton Bolu Bolu, NW Turkey 40°45´N 31°38´E Bolu r province NW Turkey Bolubolu Goodenough Island, S Papua New Guinea 09°22´S 150°22´E Bolungarvík Vestfirðir, NW Iceland 66°09´N 23°17´W Boluntay Qinghai, W China 36°30´N 92°11´E Boluozhuanjing , Aksay Kazakzu Zizhixian. Gansu, N China 39°25´N 94°09´E Bolvadin Afyon, W Turkey 38°43´N 31°02´E Bolyarovo prev. Pashkeni. Yambol, E Bulgaria 42°09´N 26°49´E Bolzano Ger. Bozen; anc. Bauzanum. Trentino-Alto Adige, N Italy 46°30´N 11°22´E Boma Bas-Congo, W Dem. Rep. Congo 05°42´S 13°05´E Bombala New South Wales, SE Australia 36°54´S 149°15´E Bombarral Leiria, C Portugal 39°15´N 09°09´W Bombay see Mumbai

171 U13 Bomberai, Semenanjung cape Papua Barat, E Indonesia 81 F18 Bombo S Uganda 162 I8 79 I17 81 I19 59 I14 159 Q15 79 N17 59 N17

0°36´N 32°33´E Bömbögör var. Dzadgay. Bayanhongor, C Mongolia 46°12´N 99°29´E Bomboma Equateur, NW Dem. Rep. Congo 02°23´N 19°03´E Bomet r county W Kenya Bom Futuro Pará, N Brazil 06°27´S 54°44´W Bomi var. Bowo, Zhamo. Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 29°43´N 96°12´E Bomili Orientale, NE Dem. Rep. Congo 01°45´N 27°01´E Bom Jesus da Lapa Bahia, E Brazil 13°16´S 43°23´W

60 Q8 Bom Jesus do Itabapoana Rio de Janeiro, SE Brazil 21°07´S 41°43´W

95 C15 Bømlafjorden fjord S Norway 95 B15 Bømlo island S Norway 12 Q12 Bomnak Amurskaya Oblast’, SE Russian Federation

30 L4 Bond Falls Flowage c Michigan, N USA 79 L16 Bondo Orientale, N Dem. Rep. Congo 03°52´N 23°41´E 171 N17 Bondokodi Pulau Sumba, S Indonesia 09°36´S 119°01´E 77 O15 Bondoukou E Ivory Coast

169 33

30 171 171 29 62 171 108 153 79 78

78 77 167 25 103 103

103

23

192 23 42 101 92 14 14 33 27 102 27 10 102 103 36 77

37 11 107

54°43´N 128°50´E

79 I17 Bomongo Equateur, NW Dem. Rep. Congo 61 K14 79 L15

142 J3 45 S9 45 Q16 39 U11 183 Q12 42 L7 37 O4 45 O9

01°22´N 18°21´E Bom Retiro Santa Catarina, S Brazil 27°45´S 49°31´W Bomu var. Mbomou, Mbomu, M’Bomu. j Central African Republic/ Dem. Rep. Congo Bonāb var. Benāb, Bunab. Āarbāyjān-e Sharqī, N Iran 37°30´N 46°03´E Bonaire r Dutch special municipality S Caribbean Sea Bonaire island Lesser Antilles Bona, Mount l Alaska, USA 61°22´N 141°45´W Bonang Victoria, SE Australia 37°13´S 148°43´E Bonanza Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte, NE Nicaragua 13°59´N 84°30´W Bonanza Utah, W USA 40°01´N 109°12´W Bonao C Dominican Republic 18°55´N 70°25´W

Bonaparte Archipelago island group Western Australia 32 K6 Bonaparte, Mount l Washington, NW USA 180 L3

48°47´N 119°07´W

39 N11 Bonasila Dome l Alaska, USA 62°24´N 160°28´W 45 T15 Bonasse Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago 10°02´N 61°48´W 15 X7 Bonaventure Québec, SE Canada 48°03´N 65°30´W 15 X7 Bonaventure j Québec, SE Canada 13 V11 Bonavista Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, SE Canada 48°38´N 53°08´W 13 U11 Bonavista Bay inlet NW Atlantic Ocean 79 E19 Bonda Ogooué-Lolo, C Gabon 0°50´S 12°28´E 127 N6 Bondari Tambovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 52°58´N 42°02´E

106 G9 Bondeno Emilia-Romagna, C Italy 44°53´N 11°24´E

Administrative Regions International Airport

107 30 190 183 76 171 25 111

83 182 182 37 25 76 183 99 43 183 162 29 21 27

08°03´N 02°45´W Bondoukui/Bondoukuy see Boundoukui T17 Bondowoso Jawa, C Indonesia 07°54´S 113°50´E S14 Bondurant Wyoming, C USA 43°14´N 110°26´W Bône see Annaba, Algeria Bone see Watampone, Indonesia I5 Bone Lake c Wisconsin, N USA P14 Bonelipu Pulau Buton, C Indonesia 04°42´S 123°09´E O15 Bonerate, Kepulauan var. Macan. island group C Indonesia O12 Bonesteel South Dakota, N USA 43°01´N 98°55´W I8 Bonete, Cerro l N Argentina 27°58´S 68°22´W O14 Bone, Teluk bay Sulawesi, C Indonesia D6 Bonfol Jura, NW Switzerland 47°28´N 07°08´E U12 Bongaigaon Assam, NE India 26°30´N 90°31´E K17 Bongandanga Equateur, NW Dem. Rep. Congo 01°28´N 21°03´E L13 Bongo, Massif des var. Chaîne des Mongos. m NE Central African Republic G12 Bongor Mayo-Kébbi Est, SW Chad 10°18´N 15°20´E N16 Bongouanou E Ivory Coast 06°39´N 04°12´W V11 Bông Sn var. Hoai Nhn. Binh Ðinh, C Vietnam 14°28´N 109°00´E U5 Bonham Texas, SW USA 33°36´N 96°12´W Bonhard see Bonyhád U6 Bonhomme, Col du pass NE France Y16 Bonifacio Corse, France, C Mediterranean Sea 41°24´N 09°09´E Bonifacio, Bocche de/ Bonifacio, Bouches de see Bonifacio, Strait of Y16 Bonifacio, Strait of Fr. Bouches de Bonifacio, It. Bocche di Bonifacio. strait C Mediterranean Sea Q8 Bonifay Florida, SE USA 30°49´N 85°42´W Bonin Islands see Ogasawara-shotō H5 Bonin Trench undersea feature NW Pacific Ocean W15 Bonita Springs Florida, SE USA 26°19´N 81°48´W I5 Bonito, Pico l N Honduras 15°33´N 86°55´W E17 Bonn Nordrhein-Westfalen, W Germany 50°44´N 07°06´E H11 Bonnåsjøen Nordland, C Norway 67°35´N 15°39´E J12 Bonnechere Ontario, SE Canada 45°39´N 77°36´W J12 Bonnechere j Ontario, SE Canada N7 Bonners Ferry Idaho, NW USA 48°41´N 116°19´W R4 Bonner Springs Kansas, C USA 39°03´N 94°52´W L6 Bonnétable Sarthe, NW France 48°09´N 00°24´E X6 Bonne Terre Missouri, C USA 37°55´N 90°33´W J5 Bonnet Plume j Yukon, NW Canada M6 Bonneval Eure-et-Loir, C France 48°12´N 01°23´E T10 Bonneville Haute-Savoie, E France 46°05´N 06°25´E J3 Bonneville Salt Flats salt flat Utah, W USA U18 Bonny Rivers, S Nigeria 04°25´N 07°13´E Bonny, Bight of see Biafra, Bight of W4 Bonny Reservoir d Colorado, C USA R14 Bonnyville Alberta, SW Canada 54°16´N 110°46´W C18 Bono Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 40°24´N 09°01´E Bononia see Vidin, Bulgaria Bononia see Boulogne-surMer, France B18 Bonorva Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 40°27´N 08°46´E M15 Bonpas Creek j Illinois, N USA I3 Bonriki Tarawa, W Kiribati 01°23´N 173°09´E T4 Bonshaw New South Wales, SE Australia 29°06´S 151°15´E I16 Bonthe SW Sierra Leone 07°32´N 12°30´W N2 Bontoc Luzon, N Philippines 17°04´N 120°58´E Y9 Bon Wier Texas, SW USA 30°43´N 93°40´W J25 Bonyhád Ger. Bonhard. Tolna, S Hungary 46°20´N 18°31´E Bonzabaai see Bonza Bay J25 Bonza Bay Afr. Bonzabaai. Eastern Cape, S South Africa 32°58´S 27°58´E D7 Bookabie South Australia 31°49´S 132°41´E H6 Bookaloo South Australia 31°56´S 137°21´E P5 Book Cliffs cliff Colorado/ Utah, W USA P1 Booker Texas, SW USA 36°27´N 100°32´W K15 Boola SE Guinea 08°22´N 08°41´W O8 Booligal New South Wales, SE Australia 33°56´S 144°54´E G17 Boom Antwerpen, N Belgium 51°05´N 04°24´E N6 Boom var. Boon. Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte, NE Nicaragua 14°52´N 83°36´W S3 Boomi New South Wales, SE Australia 28°43´S 149°35´E Boon see Boom H9 Bööncagaan Nuur c S Mongolia V13 Boone Iowa, C USA 42°04´N 93°52´W Q8 Boone North Carolina, SE USA 36°13´N 81°41´W S11 Booneville Arkansas, C USA 35°09´N 93°57´W

Mountain Mountain Range

21 N6 Booneville Kentucky, S USA

195 P2

23 N2 Booneville Mississippi, S USA 34°39´N 88°34´W 21 V3 Boonsboro Maryland, NE USA 39°30´N 77°39´W 34 L6 Boonville California, W USA

22 L9

38°58´N 123°21´W

Borgmassivet Eng. Borg Massif. m Antarctica Borgne, Lake c Louisiana, S USA 106 C7 Borgomanero Piemonte, NE Italy 45°42´N 08°33´E 106 G10 Borgo Panigale k (Bologna) Emilia-Romagna, N Italy

38°03´N 87°16´W

107 J15 Borgorose Lazio, C Italy

38°58´N 92°43´W

106 A9

37°26´N 83°45´W

31 N16 Boonville Indiana, N USA 27 U4 Boonville Missouri, C USA 18 I9

Boonville New York, NE USA 43°28´N 75°17´W

80 M12 Boorama Awdal, NW Somalia 09°58´N 43°15´E 183 O6 Booroondarra, Mount hill New South Wales, SE Australia 183 N9 Booroorban New South Wales, SE Australia 34°55´S 144°45´E Boorowa New South Wales, SE Australia 34°26´S 148°42´E 99 H17 Boortmeerbeek Vlaams Brabant, C Belgium 50°58´N 04°27´E 80 P11 Boosaaso var. Bandar Kassim, Bender Qaasim, Bosaso, It. Bender Cassim. Bari, N Somalia 11°26´N 49°37´E

183 R9

44°33´N 11°16´E

44°19´N 07°29´E

106 G11 Borgo San Lorenzo Toscana, C Italy 106 C7 106 E9

167 R8

9

N6

127 N8

9

N6

101 J21 101 F18 62 M4

Boquerón, Departamento de see Boquerón 43 P15 Boquete var. Bajo Boquete. Chiriquí, W Panama 08°45´N 82°26´W

Boquilla, Presa de la d N Mexico 40 L5 Boquillas var. Boquillas del Carmen. Coahuila, NE Mexico 29°10´N 102°55´W Boquillas del Carmen see Boquillas 112 P12 Bor Serbia, E Serbia 40 J6

81 F15 95 L20 136 J15 191 S10 167 Q9 172 K4 33 P13 145 U16 145 Y11 144 G13 95 J19 143 N11 58 G13 104 H11 55 O7

44°05´N 22°07´E Bor Jonglei, E South Sudan 06°12´N 31°33´E Bor Jönköping, S Sweden 57°04´N 14°10´E Bor Niğde, S Turkey 37°49´N 35°00´E Bora-Bora island Îles Sous le Vent, W French Polynesia Borabu Maha Sarakham, E Thailand 16°01´N 103°06´E Boraha, Nosy island E Madagascar Borah Peak l Idaho, NW USA 44°21´N 113°53´W Boralday prev. Burunday. Almaty, SE Kazakhstan 43°21´N 76°48´E Boran prev. Buran. Vostochnyy Kazakhstan, E Kazakhstan 48°00´N 85°09´E Borankul prev. Opornyy. Mangistau, SW Kazakhstan 46°09´N 54°32´E Borås Västra Götaland, S Sweden 57°44´N 12°55´E Borāzjān var. Borazjān. Būshehr, S Iran 29°19´N 51°12´E Borazjān see Borāzjān Borba Amazonas, N Brazil 04°39´S 59°35´W Borba Évora, S Portugal 38°48´N 07°28´W Borbetomagus see Worms Borbón Bolívar, E Venezuela 07°55´N 64°03´W

59 Q15 Borborema, Planalto da plateau NE Brazil 116 M14 Borcea, Braul j S Romania Borchalo see Marneuli 195 R15 Borchgrevink Coast physical region Antarctica 137 Q11 Borçka Artvin, NE Turkey 41°24´N 41°38´E

98 N11 Borculo Gelderland, E Netherlands 52°07´N 06°31´E 182 G10 Borda, Cape headland South Australia 35°45´S 136°34´E 102 K13 Bordeaux anc. Burdigala. Gironde, SW France 44°49´N 00°33´W

11 T15 Borden Saskatchewan, S Canada 52°23´N 107°10´W 14 D8 Borden Lake c Ontario, S Canada 9 N4 Borden Peninsula peninsula Baffin Island, Nunavut, NE Canada 182 K11 Bordertown South Australia 36°21´S 140°48´E

92 H2 Borðeyri Norðurland Vestra, NW Iceland 65°12´N 21°09´W 95 B18 Bordhoy Dan. Bordø. island NE Faroe Islands 106 B11 Bordighera Liguria, NW Italy 74 K5

43°48´N 07°40´E

Bordj-Bou-Arreridj var. Bordj Bou Arreridj, Bordj Bou Arréridj. N Algeria 36°02´N 04°49´E

74 L10 Bordj Omar Driss E Algeria 143 N13 147 V7 95 M17 92 H3 93 G14 98 O7 25 N2 95 N20 107 N22 99 J18

Volcano River

28°09´N 06°52´E Bord Khūn Hormozgān, S Iran Bordø see Bordhoy Bordunskiy Chuyskaya Oblast’, N Kyrgyzstan 42°37´N 75°31´E Borensberg Östergötland, S Sweden 58°33´N 15°15´E Borgå see Porvoo Borgarnes Vesturland, W Iceland 64°33´N 21°55´W Børgefjell m C Norway Borger Drenthe, NE Netherlands 52°54´N 06°48´E Borger Texas, SW USA 35°40´N 101°24´W Borgholm Kalmar, S Sweden 56°50´N 16°41´E Borgia Calabria, SW Italy 38°48´N 16°28´E Borgloon Limburg, NE Belgium 50°48´N 05°21´E Borg Massif see Borgmassivet

Lake Reservoir

Borgo Val di Taro Emilia-Romagna, C Italy 44°29´N 09°48´E

144 G8

79 E18

43°58´N 11°22´E Borgosesia Piemonte, NE Italy 45°41´N 08°21´E

106 G6 Borgo Valsugana Trentino-Alto Adige, N Italy

19 Q8 Boothbay Harbor Maine, NE USA

43°52´N 69°35´W Boothia Felix see Boothia Peninsula Boothia, Gulf of gulf Nunavut, NE Canada Boothia Peninsula prev. Boothia Felix. peninsula Nunavut, NE Canada Booué Ogooué-Ivindo, NE Gabon 0°03´S 11°58´E Bopfingen BadenWürttemberg, S Germany 48°51´N 10°21´E Boppard Rheinland-Pfalz, W Germany 50°13´N 07°36´E Boquerón off. Departamento de Boquerón. r department W Paraguay

42°10´N 13°15´E

Borgo San Dalmazzo Piemonte, N Italy

172 I3

105 Q5

137 S10 118 L12 101 H16 101 E14 92 H10 78 H7

100 E9 81 K17 95 M14 106 C9 106 F6 101 M16 98 O10 99 F17 169 S10 101 E16 95 L24 95 L24 77 Y13 104 K15 162 L7 117 O4

46°04´N 11°31´E Borhoyn Tal see Dzamïn-Üüd Borikhan var. Borikhane. Bolikhamxai, C Laos 18°36´N 103°43´E Borikhane see Borikhan Borili prev. Burlin. Zapadnyy Kazakhstan, NW Kazakhstan 51°25´N 52°42´E Borislav see Boryslav Borisoglebsk Voronezhskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 51°23´N 42°00´E Borisov see Barysaw Borisovgrad see Parvomay Borispol’ see Boryspil’ Boriziny prev./Fr. Port-Bergé. Mahajanga, NW Madagascar 15°31´S 47°40´E Borja Aragón, NE Spain 41°50´N 01°32´W Borjas Blancas see Les Borges Blanques Borjomi Rus. Borzhomi. C Georgia 41°50´N 43°24´E Borkavichy Rus. Borkovichi. Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’, N Belarus 55°40´N 28°20´E Borken Hessen, C Germany 51°01´N 09°16´E Borken NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 51°51´N 06°51´E Borkenes Troms, N Norway 68°46´N 16°10´E Borkou off. Région du Borkou. r region N Chad Borkou, Région du see Borkou Borkovichi see Borkavichy Borkum island NW Germany Bor, Lagh var. Lak Bor. dry watercourse NE Kenya Bor, Lak see Bor, Lagh Borlänge Dalarna, C Sweden 60°29´N 15°25´E Bormida j NW Italy Bormio Lombardia, N Italy 46°27´N 10°24´E Borna Sachsen, E Germany 51°07´N 12°30´E Borne Overijssel, E Netherlands 52°18´N 06°45´E Bornem Antwerpen, N Belgium 51°06´N 04°14´E Borneo island Brunei/ Indonesia/Malaysia Bornheim NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 50°46´N 06°58´E Bornholm r county E Denmark Bornholm island E Denmark Borno r state NE Nigeria Bornos Andalucía, S Spain 36°50´N 05°42´W Bornuur Töv, C Mongolia 48°28´N 106°15´E Borodyanka Kyyivs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 50°40´N 29°54´E

Borohoro Shan m NW China 77 O13 Boromo SW Burkina Faso 158 I5

11°47´N 02°54´W

35 T13 Boron California, W USA

76 L15 117 W6 114 H8 124 I14

114 K8 112 J9 126 K4 145 N7 95 L23 105 T9 181 R3 116 F9 116 I9 116 J10 92 K8 113 L23 116 K7

35°00´N 117°42´W Borongo see Black Volta Boron’ki see Baron’ki Borosjenő see Ineu Borossebes see Sebiş Borotou NW Ivory Coast 08°46´N 07°30´W Borova Kharkivs’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 49°22´N 37°39´E Borovan Vratsa, NW Bulgaria 43°25´N 23°45´E Borovichi Novgorodskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 58°24´N 33°56´E Borovlje see Ferlach Borovo Ruse, N Bulgaria 43°28´N 25°46´E Borovo Vukovar-Srijem, NE Croatia 45°22´N 18°57´E Borovoye see Burabay Borovsk Kaluzhskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 55°12´N 36°22´E Borovskoye Kostanay, N Kazakhstan 53°48´N 64°17´E Borovukha see Baravukha Borrby Skåne, S Sweden 55°27´N 14°10´E Borriana var. Burriana. Valenciana, E Spain 39°54´N 00°05´W Borroloola Northern Territory, N Australia 16°09´S 136°18´E Borş Bihor, NW Romania 47°07´N 21°49´E Borşa Hung. Borsa. Maramureș, N Romania 47°40´N 24°37´E Borsec Ger. Bad Borseck, Hung. Borszék. Harghita, C Romania 46°58´N 25°32´E Børselv Lapp. Bissojohka. Finnmark, N Norway 70°18´N 25°35´E Borsh var. Borshi. Vlorë, S Albania 40°04´N 19°51´E Borshchev see Borshchiv Borshchiv Pol. Borszczów, Rus. Borshchev. Ternopil’s’ka Oblast’, W Ukraine 48°48´N 26°00´E Borshi see Borsh

111 L20 Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén off. Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén Megye. r county NE Hungary Borsod-AbaújZemplén Megye see Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén

Borssele – Bridel 99 E15 Borssele Zeeland, SW Netherlands

103 O12

143 N9 142 L7 116 H6

117 P4 117 P4

117 R3 123 O14 107 B18 112 F10

112 G10

51°26´N 03°45´E Borszczów see Borshchiv Borszék see Borsec Bortala see Bole Bort-les-Orgues Corrèze, C France 45°28´N 02°31´E Bor u České Lípy see Nový Bor Bor-Üdzüür see Altay Borūjen Chahār MaḨall va Bakhtīārī, C Iran 32°N 51°09´E Borūjerd var. Burujird. Lorestān, W Iran 33°55´N 48°46´E Boryslav Pol. Borysław, Rus. Borislav. L’vivs’ka Oblast’, NW Ukraine 49°18´N 23°28´E Borysław see Boryslav Boryspil’ Rus. Borispol’. Kyyivs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 50°21´N 30°59´E Boryspil’ Rus. Borispol’. k (Kyyiv) Kyyivs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 50°21´N 30°46´E Borzhomi see Borjomi Borzna Chernihivs’ka Oblast’, NE Ukraine 51°15´N 32°25´E Borzya Zabaykal’skiy Kray, S Russian Federation 50°18´N 116°24´E Bosa Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 40°18´N 08°28´E Bosanska Dubica var. Kozarska Dubica. r  Republika Srpska, NW Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosanska Gradiška var. Gradiška. r  Republika Srpska, N Bosnia and Herzegovina

112 F10 Bosanska Kostajnica var. Srpska Kostajnica. r  Republika Srpska, NW Bosnia and Herzegovina 112 E11 Bosanska Krupa var. Krupa, Krupa na Uni. r  Federacija Bosne I Hercegovine, NW Bosnia and Herzegovina 112 H10 Bosanski Brod var. Srpski Brod. r  Republika Srpska, N Bosnia and Herzegovina 112 E10 Bosanski Novi var. Novi Grad. Republika Srpska, NW Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bostonnais j Québec, SE Canada Bostyn’ see Bastyn’ 112 J10 Bosut j E Croatia 154 C11 Botād Gujarāt, W India 145

183 83 114 114 93 183 104 55 127 117 116 116

45°03´N 18°27´E

112 E12 Bosansko Grahovo var. Grahovo, Hrvatsko Grahovi. Federacija Bosne I Hercegovine, W Bosnia and Herzegovina 44°10´N 16°22´E Bosaso see Boosaaso 186 B7 Bosavi, Mount i W Papua New Guinea 06°33´S 142°50´E 160 J14 Bose Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, S China 161 Q5 113 P16

98 H12 111 G18

112 I10

23°55´N 106°32´E Boshan Shandong, E China 36°32´N 117°47´E Bosilegrad prev. Bosiljgrad. Serbia, SE Serbia 42°30´N 22°30´E Bosiljgrad see Bosilegrad Bösing see Pezinok Boskoop Zuid-Holland, C Netherlands 52°04´N 04°40´E Boskovice Ger. Boskowitz. Jihomoravský Kraj, SE Czech Republic 49°30´N 16°39´E Boskowitz see Boskovice Bosna j N Bosnia and Herzegovina

113 G14 Bosne I Hercegovine, Federacija r republic Bosnia and Herzegovina 112 H12 Bosnia and Herzegovina off. Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. b republic SE Europe Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republic of see Bosnia and Herzegovina 79 J16 Bosobolo Equateur, NW Dem. Rep. Congo 165 O14

79 H14

79 I15 79 H15 77 R12 22 G5 83 D20 77 Y11 61 F15 158 J10 142 K3 158 K6 97 O18 19 O11 146 I9

10 M17

04°11´N 19°55´E Bōsō-hantō peninsula Honshū, S Japan Bosora see Buşrá ash Shām Bosphorus/Bosporus see İstanbul Boğazı Bosporus Cimmerius see Kerch Strait Bosporus Thracius see İstanbul Boğazı Bosra see Buşrá ash Shām Bossangoa Ouham, C Central African Republic 06°32´N 17°25´E Bossé Bangou see Bossey Bangou Bossembélé OmbellaMpoko, C Central African Republic 05°13´N 17°39´E Bossentélé Ouham-Pendé, W Central African Republic 05°36´N 16°37´E Bossey Bangou var. Bossé Bangou. Tillabéri, SW Niger 13°22´N 01°18´E Bossier City Louisiana, S USA 32°31´N 93°43´W Bossiesvlei Hardap, S Namibia 25°02´S 16°48´E Bosso Diffa, SE Niger 13°42´N 13°18´E Bossoroca Rio Grande do Sul, S Brazil 28°45´S 54°54´W Bostan Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, W China 41°20´N 83°15´E Bostānābād Āarbāyjān-e Sharqī, N Iran 37°52´N 46°51´E Bosten Hu var. Bagrax Hu. c NW China Boston prev. St.Botolph’s Town. E England, United Kingdom 52°59´N 00°01´W Boston state capital Massachusetts, NE USA 42°22´N 71°04´W Bo‘ston Rus. Bustan. Qoraqalpog‘iston Respublikasi, W Uzbekistan 41°49´N 60°51´E Boston Bar British Columbia, SW Canada 49°54´N 121°22´W

27 T10 Boston Mountains m Arkansas, C USA

16°49´S 179°50´W

22°12´N 71°44´E S10 Botakara Kas. Botaqara; prev. Ul’yanovskiy. Karaganda, C Kazakhstan 50°05´N 73°45´E T9 Botany Bay inlet New South Wales, SE Australia Botaqara see Botakara G18 Boteti var. Botletle. j N Botswana J9 Botev l C Bulgaria 42°45´N 24°57´E H9 Botevgrad prev. Orkhaniye. Sofia, W Bulgaria 42°55´N 23°47´E J16 Bothnia, Gulf of Fin. Pohjanlahti, Swe. Bottniska Viken. gulf N Baltic Sea P17 Bothwell Tasmania, SE Australia 42°24´S 147°01´E H5 Boticas Vila Real, N Portugal 41°41´N 07°40´W W10 Boti-Pasi Sipaliwini, C Suriname 04°15´N 55°27´W Botletle see Boteti P16 Botlikh Chechenskaya Respublika, SW Russian Federation 42°39´N 46°12´E N10 Botna j E Moldova I9 Botoşani Hung. Botosány. Botoșani, NE Romania 47°44´N 26°41´E K8 Botoşani r county NE Romania Botosány see Botoşani

147 P12 Bototog‘, Tizmasi Rus. Khrebet Babatag. m Tajikistan/Uzbekistan 161 P4 Botou prev. Bozhen. Hebei, E China

29 N2

60 L9 76 M16 77 N16 79 G14 74 H7 111 B19 79 I14 15 T5

38°56´N 16°51´E Botshabelo Free State, C South Africa 29°15´S 26°51´E Botsmark Västerbotten, N Sweden 64°15´N 20°15´E Botswana off. Republic of Botswana. b republic S Africa Botswana, Republic of see Botswana Bottineau North Dakota, N USA 48°50´N 100°28´W Bottniska Viken see Bothnia, Gulf of Botucatu São Paulo, S Brazil 22°52´S 48°30´W Bouaflé C Ivory Coast 06°59´N 05°45´W Bouaké var. Bwake. C Ivory Coast 07°42´N 05°00´W Bouar Nana-Mambéré, W Central African Republic 05°58´N 15°38´E Bouarfa NE Morocco 32°33´N 01°54´W Boubín l SW Czech Republic 49°00´N 13°51´E Bouca Ouham, W Central African Republic 06°57´N 18°18´E Boucher j Québec, SE Canada

103 R15 Bouches-du-Rhône r department SE France 74 C9 Bou Craa var. Bu Craa. NW Western Sahara

26°32´N 12°52´W 77 O9 Boû Djébéha oasis C Mali 108 C8 Boudry Neuchâtel, W Switzerland 46°57´N 06°46´E 79 F21 Bouenza r province S Congo 186 J7 Bougainville off. Autonomous Region of Bougainville; prev. North Solomons. r autonomous region Bougainville, NE Papua New Guinea Oceania

Bougainville, Autonomous Region of see Bougainville 180 L2 Bougainville, Cape cape Western Australia 65 E24 Bougainville, Cape headland East Falkland, Falkland Islands 51°18´S 58°28´W

Bougainville, Détroit de see Bougainville Strait 186 J7 Bougainville Island island NE Papua New Guinea 186 I8 Bougainville Strait strait N Solomon Islands 187 Q13 Bougainville Strait Fr. Détroit de Bougainville. strait C Vanuatu 120 I9 Bougaroun, Cap headland NE Algeria 37°07´N 06°18´E 77 R8 Boughessa Kidal, NE Mali 76 L13 99 J24 74 K5 74 D8 74 B9 74 G5 77 R14 76 G6 37 T4 33 R10 35 X12 181 T7 15 N10 102 J9

20°05´N 02°13´E Bougie see Béjaïa Bougouni Sikasso, SW Mali 11°25´N 07°28´W Bouillon Luxembourg, SE Belgium 49°47´N 05°04´E Bouira var. Bouïra. N Algeria 36°22´N 03°55´E Bou-Izakarn SW Morocco 29°12´N 09°43´W Boujdour var. Bojador. W Western Sahara 26°06´N 14°29´W Boukhalef k (Tanger) N Morocco 35°45´N 05°53´W Boukombé see Boukoumbé Boukoumbé var. Boukombé. C Benin 10°13´N 01°09´E Boû Lanouâr Dakhlet Nouâdhibou, W Mauritania 21°17´N 16°29´W Boulder Colorado, C USA 40°02´N 105°18´W Boulder Montana, NW USA 46°14´N 112°07´W Boulder City Nevada, W USA 35°58´N 114°49´W Boulia Queensland, C Australia 23°02´S 139°58´E Boullé j Québec, SE Canada Boulogne j NW France Boulogne see Boulogne-sur-Mer

102 L16 Boulogne-sur-Gesse Haute-Garonne, S France 43°18´N 00°38´E

103 N1 Boulogne-sur-Mer var. Boulogne; anc. Bononia, Gesoriacum, Gessoriacum. Pas-de-Calais, N France 50°43´N 01°36´E

77 Q12 Boulsa C Burkina Faso

12°41´N 00°29´W 77 W11 Boultoum Zinder, C Niger 14°43´N 10°22´E

Country Country Capital

Boundary Bald Mountain l Maine, NE USA 45°45´N 70°10´W

Boundary Peak l Nevada, W USA 37°50´N 118°21´W 76 M14 Boundiali N Ivory Coast 35 S8

09°30´N 06°31´W

79 G19 Boundji Cuvette, C Congo 01°05´S 15°18´E

77 O13 Boundoukui var. Bondoukui, Bondoukuy. W Burkina Faso 36 L2

191 Q16 192 L12 175 Q13 187 P17

11°51´N 03°47´W Bountiful Utah, W USA 40°53´N 111°52´W Bounty Basin see Bounty Trough Bounty Bay bay Pitcairn Island, C Pacific Ocean Bounty Islands island group S New Zealand Bounty Trough var. Bounty Basin. undersea feature S Pacific Ocean Bourail Province Sud, C New Caledonia 21°35´S 165°29´E

Bourbeuse River j Missouri, C USA 103 Q9 Bourbon-Lancy Saôneet-Loire, C France 27 V5

103 S7

50°30´N 06°03´E

83 G19

19 P4

41°08´N 87°52´W 103 O10 Bourbonnais cultural region C France

107 O21 Botricello Calabria, SW Italy

93 J15

17°26´N 11°21´W Boumdeït see Boûmdeïd 115 C17 Boumistós l W Greece 38°48´N 20°59´E 77 O15 Bouna NE Ivory Coast 09°16´N 03°00´W

46°39´N 03°48´E

38°09´N 116°37´E

83 I23

79 G16 Boumba j SE Cameroon 76 J9 Boûmdeïd var. Boumdeït. Assaba, S Mauritania

31 N11 Bourbonnais Illinois, N USA

99 M20 Botrange l E Belgium

45°03´N 16°23´E

112 E11 Bosanski Petrovac var. Petrovac. Federacija Bosne I Hercegovine, NW Bosnia and Herzegovina 44°34´N 16°21´E 112 I10 Bosanski Šamac var. Šamac. Republika Srpska, N Bosnia and Herzegovina

187 Y14 Bouma Taveuni, N Fiji

15 P8

Bourbonne-les-Bains Haute-Marne, N France 48°00´N 05°43´E

Bourbon Vendée see la Roche-sur-Yon 74 M8 Bourdj Messaouda E Algeria 30°18´N 09°19´E

77 Q10 Bourem Gao, C Mali 103 N11

103 S10 103 O8 103 T11 103 P8 103 S11 103 R14 103 U11

16°56´N 00°21´W Bourg see Bourg-en-Bresse Bourganeuf Creuse, C France 45°57´N 01°47´E Bourgas see Burgas Bourge-en-Bresse see Bourg-en-Bresse Bourg-en-Bresse var. Bourg, Bourge-en-Bresse. Ain, E France 46°12´N 05°13´E Bourges anc. Avaricum. Cher, C France 47°06´N 02°24´E Bourget, Lac du c E France Bourgogne Eng. Burgundy. r region E France Bourgoin-Jallieu Isère, E France 45°34´N 05°16´E Bourg-St-Andéol Ardèche, E France 44°24´N 04°36´E Bourg-St-Maurice Savoie, E France 45°37´N 06°49´E

108 C11 Bourg St. Pierre Valais, SW Switzerland 45°54´N 07°10´E

76 H8 Boû Rjeimât well W Mauritania 183 P5 Bourke New South Wales, SE Australia 30°08´S 145°57´E 97 M24 Bournemouth S England, United Kingdom 99 M23 74 K6 36 I13 103 N10 102 M16 78 H12 76 H9 65 D21 77 U11 109 R10 98 J8 29 V5 32 M9 24 L4 107 M17 61 C17 28 L2 11 Q16 29 O8 181 X6 192 L2 25 S5 11 R17 20 J7 27 V3 31 R11 21 W5 28 J6 9

Q7

194 I5

50°43´N 01°54´W Bourscheid Diekirch, NE Luxembourg 49°55´N 06°04´E Bou Saâda var. Bou Saada. N Algeria 35°10´N 04°09´E Bouse Wash j Arizona, SW USA Boussac Creuse, C France 46°20´N 02°12´E Boussens Haute-Garonne, S France 43°11´N 00°58´E Bousso prev. Fort-Bretonnet. Chari-Baguirmi, S Chad 10°32´N 16°45´E Boutilimit Trarza, SW Mauritania 17°33´N 14°42´W Bouvet Island p Norwegian dependency S Atlantic Ocean Bouza Tahoua, SW Niger 14°25´N 06°09´E Bovec Ger. Flitsch, It. Plezzo. NW Slovenia 46°21´N 13°33´E Bovenkarspel NoordHolland, NW Netherlands 52°33´N 05°03´E Bovey Minnesota, N USA 47°18´N 93°25´W Bovill Idaho, NW USA 46°50´N 116°24´W Bovina Texas, SW USA 34°30´N 102°52´W Bovino Puglia, SE Italy 41°14´N 15°19´E Bovril Entre Ríos, E Argentina 31°24´S 59°25´W Bowbells North Dakota, N USA 48°48´N 102°15´W Bow City Alberta, SW Canada 50°27´N 112°16´W Bowdle South Dakota, N USA 45°27´N 99°39´W Bowen Queensland, NE Australia 20°S 148°10´E Bowers Ridge undersea feature S Bering Sea 50°00´N 180°00´W Bowie Texas, SW USA 33°33´N 97°51´W Bow Island Alberta, SW Canada 49°53´N 111°24´W Bowkān see Būkān Bowling Green Kentucky, S USA 37°00´N 86°29´W Bowling Green Missouri, C USA 39°21´N 91°11´W Bowling Green Ohio, N USA 41°22´N 83°40´W Bowling Green Virginia, NE USA 38°02´N 77°22´W Bowman North Dakota, N USA 46°11´N 103°26´W Bowman Bay bay NW Atlantic Ocean Bowman Coast physical region Antarctica

Bowman-Haley Lake d North Dakota, N USA 195 Z11 Bowman Island island Antarctica Bowo see Bomi 183 S9 Bowral New South Wales, SE Australia 34°28´S 150°52´E 186 E8 Bowutu Mountains m C Papua New Guinea 83 I16 Bowwood Southern, S Zambia 17°09´S 26°16´E 28 J7

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

28 I12 Box Butte Reservoir d Nebraska, C USA 28 J10 Box Elder South Dakota, N USA 44°06´N 103°04´W 95 M18 Boxholm Östergötland, S Sweden 58°12´N 15°05´E Bo Xian/Boxian see Bozhou 161 Q4 Boxing Shandong, E China 37°06´N 118°05´E

99 L14 Boxmeer NoordBrabant, SE Netherlands 51°39´N 05°57´E

99 J14 Boxtel Noord-Brabant, S Netherlands 51°36´N 05°20´E 136 J10 Boyabat Sinop, N Turkey 54 F9

41°27´N 34°45´E Boyacá off. Departamento de Boyacá. r province C Colombia

Boyacá, Departamento de see Boyacá 117 O4 Boyarka Kyyivs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 50°19´N 30°20´E 22 H7 Boyce Louisiana, S USA 31°23´N 92°40´W 114 H8 Boychinovtsi Montana, NW Bulgaria 43°28´N 23°20´E 33 U11 Boyd Montana, NW USA 45°27´N 109°03´W 25 S6 Boyd Texas, SW USA 33°01´N 97°33´W 21 V8 Boydton Virginia, NE USA 36°40´N 78°26´W

Boyer Ahmadī va Kohkīlūyeh see Kohgīlūyeh va Bowyer Aḩmad 29 T13 Boyer River j Iowa, C USA 21 W8 Boykins Virginia, NE USA 36°35´N 77°11´W

154 O12 Brāhmani j E India 154 N13 Brahmapur Odisha, E India

117 Q8 Brats’ke Mykolayivs’ka Oblast’, S Ukraine

129 S10 Brahmaputra var. Padma, Tsangpo, Ben. Jamuna, Chin. Yarlung Zangbo Jiang, Ind. Bramaputra, Dihang, Siang. j S Asia 97 H19 Braich y Pwll headland NW Wales, United Kingdom

122 M13 Bratskoye Vodokhranilishche Eng. Bratsk Reservoir. d S Russian Federation Bratsk Reservoir see Bratskoye Vodokhranilishche Brattia see Brač 94 D9 Brattvåg Møre og Romsdal, S Norway 62°36´N 06°21´E 112 K12 Bratunac r  Republika Srpska, E Bosnia and Herzegovina 114 J10 Bratya Daskalovi prev. Grozdovo. Stara Zagora, C Bulgaria 42°13´N 25°21´E 109 U2 Braunau j N Austria Braunau see Braunau am Inn 109 Q4 Braunau am Inn var. Braunau. Oberösterreich, N Austria 48°16´N 13°03´E Braunsberg see Braniewo 100 J13 Braunschweig Eng./Fr. Brunswick. Niedersachsen, N Germany 52°16´N 10°32´E Brava see Baraawe 105 Y6 Brava, Costa coastal region NE Spain 43 V16 Brava, Punta headland E Panama 08°21´N 78°22´W 95 N17 Bråviken inlet S Sweden 56 B10 Bravo, Cerro l N Peru

19°21´N 84°51´E

52°47´N 04°46´W

183 R10 Braidwood New South Wales, SE Australia 35°26´S 149°48´E

30 M11 Braidwood Illinois, N USA 41°16´N 88°12´W

116 M13 Brăila Brăila, E Romania 45°17´N 27°57´E

116 L13 Brăila r county SE Romania 99 G19 Braine-l’Alleud Brabant Walloon, C Belgium 50°41´N 04°22´E

99 F19 Braine-le-Comte Hainaut, SW Belgium 29 U6 99 J19 83 H23 99 E18 98 J13 76 H9 95 J17

11 Q13 Boyle Alberta, SW Canada 54°38´N 112°45´W

97 D16 Boyle Ir. Mainistirna Búille. C Ireland 53°58´N 08°18´W 97 F17 Boyne Ir. An Bhóinn. j E Ireland 31 Q5 Boyne City Michigan, N USA

95 F23

23 Z14 Boynton Beach Florida, SE USA 26°31´N 80°04´W 147 O13 Boysun Rus. Baysun. Surkhondaryo Viloyati, S Uzbekistan 38°14´N 67°08´E Bozau see Întorsura Buzăului 136 B12 Bozcaada Island Çanakkale, NW Turkey 136 C14 Boz Dağları m W Turkey 33 S11 Bozeman Montana, NW USA

116 J12

79 J16

83 B18

45°13´N 85°00´W

161 P7 136 H16 136 K13 79 H14 137 N16 136 E12 106 B9 194 G4

45°40´N 111°02´W Bozen see Bolzano Bozene Equateur, NW Dem. Rep. Congo 02°56´N 19°15´E Bozhen see Botou Bozhou var. Boxian, Bo Xian. Anhui, E China 33°46´N 115°44´E Bozkır Konya, S Turkey 37°10´N 32°15´E Bozok Yaylasī plateau C Turkey Bozoum Ouham-Pendé, W Central African Republic 06°17´N 16°26´E Bozova Sanlıurfa, S Turkey 37°23´N 38°33´E Bozrah see Buşrá ash Shām Bozüyük Bilecik, NW Turkey 39°55´N 30°02´E Bra Piemonte, NW Italy 44°42´N 07°51´E Brabant Island island Antarctica

99 I20 Brabant Walloon r province C Belgium 113 F15 Brač var. Brach, It. Brazza; anc. Brattia. island S Croatia Bracara Augusta see Braga 107 H15 Bracciano Lazio, C Italy 42°04´N 12°12´E

107 H14 Bracciano, Lago di c C Italy 14 H13 Bracebridge Ontario, S Canada 45°02´N 79°19´W Brach see Brač 93 G17 Bräcke Jämtland, C Sweden 62°43´N 15°30´E

25 P12 Brackettville Texas, SW USA 29°19´N 100°27´W

97 N22 Bracknell S England, United Kingdom 51°26´N 00°46´W 61 K14 Braço do Norte Santa Catarina, S Brazil 28°16´S 49°11´W

116 G11 Brad Hung. Brád. Hunedoara, SW Romania 107 23 45

14 97 27 18 27 25 25 25 95 96 116 104 104 116 61 104 104 60

29

119 153

45°52´N 23°00´E N18 Bradano j S Italy V13 Bradenton Florida, SE USA 27°30´N 82°34´W V10 Brades de facto capital, de jure capital. Previous capital destroyed by volcano in 1995 Plymouth. a (Montserrat) SW Montserrat 16°45´N 62°12´W H14 Bradford Ontario, S Canada 44°09´N 79°34´W L17 Bradford N England, United Kingdom 53°48´N 01°45´W W10 Bradford Arkansas, C USA 35°25´N 91°27´W D12 Bradford Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°57´N 78°38´W T15 Bradley Arkansas, C USA 33°06´N 93°39´W P7 Bradshaw Texas, SW USA 32°06´N 99°52´W Q9 Brady Texas, SW USA 31°08´N 99°22´W Q9 Brady Creek j Texas, SW USA G22 Brædstrup Syddanmark, C Denmark 55°58´N 09°38´E J10 Braemar NE Scotland, United Kingdom 57°12´N 02°52´W K8 Brăeşti Botoșani, NW Romania 47°50´N 26°26´E G5 Braga anc. Bracara Augusta. Braga, NW Portugal 41°32´N 08°26´W G5 Braga r district N Portugal J15 Bragadiru Teleorman, S Romania 43°43´N 25°32´E C20 Bragado Buenos Aires, E Argentina 35°10´S 60°29´W J5 Bragança Eng. Braganza; anc. Julio Briga. Bragança, NE Portugal 41°47´N 06°46´W I5 Bragança r district N Portugal N9 Bragança Paulista São Paulo, S Brazil 22°55´S 46°30´W Braganza see Bragança Bragin see Brahin V7 Braham Minnesota, N USA 45°43´N 93°10´W Brahe see Brda Brahestad see Raahe O20 Brahin Rus. Bragin. Homyel’skaya Voblasts’, SE Belarus 51°47´N 30°16´E U15 Brahmanbaria Chittagong, E Bangladesh 23°58´N 91°04´E

Administrative Regions International Airport

14 G15 100 F12

29 W8 21 R14 47 Y6 58 F11 108 J8

95 H14 95 F22

100 M12

20 K5

50°37´N 04°08´E Brainerd Minnesota, N USA 46°22´N 94°10´W Braives Liège, E Belgium 50°37´N 05°09´E Brak j C South Africa Brak see Birāk Brakel Oost-Vlaanderen, SW Belgium 50°50´N 03°48´E Brakel Gelderland, C Netherlands 51°49´N 05°05´E Brakna r region S Mauritania Brålanda Västra Götaland, S Sweden 58°32´N 12°18´E Bramaputra see Brahmaputra Bramming Syddtjylland, W Denmark 55°28´N 08°42´E Brampton Ontario, S Canada 43°42´N 79°46´W Bramsche Niedersachsen, NW Germany 52°25´N 07°58´E Bran Ger. Törzburg, Hung. Törcsvár. Brașov, S Romania 45°31´N 25°23´E Branch Minnesota, N USA 45°29´N 92°57´W Branchville South Carolina, SE USA 33°15´N 80°49´W Branco, Cabo headland E Brazil 07°08´S 34°45´W Branco, Rio j N Brazil Brand Vorarlberg, W Austria 47°07´N 09°45´E Brandberg l NW Namibia 21°20´S 14°22´E Brandbu Oppland, S Norway 60°24´N 10°30´E Brande Midtjylland, W Denmark 55°57´N 09°08´E Brandebourg see Brandenburg Brandenburg var. Brandenburg an der Havel. Brandenburg, NE Germany 52°25´N 12°34´E

Brandenburg Kentucky, S USA

47°52´N 31°34´E

05°33´S 79°10´W

Bravo del Norte, Río/ Bravo, Río see Grande, Rio 35 X17 Brawley California, W USA 32°58´N 115°31´W

97 G18 Bray Ir. Bré. E Ireland 53°12´N 06°06´W

59 G16 Brazil off. Federative Republic of Brazil, Port. Repùblica Federativa do Brasil, Sp. Brasil; prev. United States of Brazil. b federal republic South America 65 K15 Brazil Basin var. Brazilian Basin, Brazil’skaya Kotlovina. undersea feature W Atlantic Ocean 15°00´S 25°00´W Brazil, Federative Republic of see Brazil Brazilian Basin see Brazil Basin Brazilian Highlands see Central, Planalto Brazil’skaya Kotlovina see Brazil Basin Brazil, United States of see Brazil 25 U10 Brazos River j Texas, SW USA Brazza see Brač 79 G21 Brazzaville a (Congo) Capital District, S Congo 79 G21 112 J11 112 J11

38°00´N 86°11´W

100 N12 Brandenburg off. Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg, Fr. Brandebourg. r state NE Germany Brandenburg an der Havel see Brandenburg 83 I23 Brandfort Free State, C South Africa 28°42´S 26°28´E 11 W16 Brandon Manitoba, S Canada 49°50´N 99°57´W

110 H8 185 A23 184 L4 184 L4

23 V12 Brandon Florida, SE USA 22 L6

27°56´N 82°17´W Brandon Mississippi, S USA 32°16´N 90°01´W

97 A20 Brandon Mountain Ir. Cnoc Bréanainn. l SW Ireland 52°13´N 10°16´W Brandsen see Coronel Brandsen 95 I14 Brandval Hedmark, S Norway 60°18´N 12°01´E 83 F24 Brandvlei Northern Cape, W South Africa 30°27´S 20°29´E 23 U9 Branford Florida, SE USA 110 K7 194 H3 37 U8 27 T8 14 G16 102 L12 182 L12 59 C16 59 K18

29°57´N 82°54´W Braniewo Ger. Braunsberg. Warmińsko-mazurskie, N Poland 54°24´N 19°50´E Bransfield Strait strait Antarctica Branson Colorado, C USA 37°01´N 103°52´W Branson Missouri, C USA 36°38´N 93°13´W Brantford Ontario, S Canada 43°09´N 80°17´W Brantôme Dordogne, SW France 45°21´N 00°37´E Branxholme Victoria, SE Australia 37°51´S 141°48´E Brasil see Brazil Brasiléia Acre, W Brazil 10°59´S 48°45´W Brasília a (Brazil) Distrito Federal, C Brazil 15°45´S 47°57´W

Brasil, Repùblica Federativa do see Brazil Braslav see Braslaw 118 J12 Braslaw Pol. Brasław, Rus. Braslav. Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’, N Belarus 116 J12

116 I12 77 U18 99 H16

169 V8

23 T1 113 K22 114 J10 114 H10 111 F21

111 H21 122 M12

55°38´N 27°02´E Braşov Ger. Kronstadt, Hung. Brassó; prev. Orașul Stalin. Brașov, C Romania 45°40´N 25°35´E Braşov r county C Romania Brass Bayelsa, S Nigeria 04°19´N 06°21´E Brasschaat var. Brasschaet. Antwerpen, N Belgium 51°17´N 04°30´E Brasschaet see Brasschaat Brassey, Banjaran var. Brassey Range. m East Malaysia Brassey Range see Brassey, Banjaran Brassó see Braşov Brasstown Bald l Georgia, SE USA 34°52´N 83°48´W Brataj Vlorë, SW Albania 40°18´N 19°37´E Bratan var. Morozov. l C Bulgaria 42°31´N 25°08´E Bratia var. Bratiya. C Bulgaria 42°36´N 24°08´E Bratislava Ger. Pressburg, Hung. Pozsony. a (Slovakia) Bratislavský Kraj, W Slovakia 48°10´N 17°10´E Bratislavský Kraj r region W Slovakia Bratiya see Bratia Bratsk Irkutskaya Oblast’, C Russian Federation 56°20´N 101°50´E

Mountain Mountain Range

Volcano River

45 S6 22 I9 116 J13 169 P16 96 K10 99 H15 37 S4 29 R6 25 R6 97 J21

04°14´S 15°14´E Brazzaville k Pool, S Congo 04°15´S 15°15´E Brčko Brčko Distrikt, NE Bosnia and Herzegovina 44°52´N 18°49´E Brčko Distrikt r selfgoverning district Bosnia and Herzegovina Brda Ger. Brahe. j N Poland Bré see Bray Breaksea Sound sound South Island, New Zealand Bream Bay bay North Island, New Zealand Bream Head headland North Island, New Zealand 35°51´S 174°35´E Bréanainn, Cnoc see Brandon Mountain Brea, Punta headland W Puerto Rico 17°56´N 66°55´W Breaux Bridge Louisiana, S USA 30°16´N 91°54´W Breaza Prahova, SE Romania 45°13´N 25°38´E Brebes Jawa, C Indonesia 06°54´S 109°00´E Brechin E Scotland, United Kingdom 56°45´N 02°38´W Brecht Antwerpen, N Belgium 51°21´N 04°33´E Breckenridge Colorado, C USA 39°28´N 106°02´W Breckenridge Minnesota, N USA 46°15´N 96°35´W Breckenridge Texas, SW USA 32°45´N 98°56´W Brecknock cultural region SE Wales, United Kingdom

63 G25 Brecknock, Península headland S Chile 54°39´S 71°48´W

111 G19 Břeclav Ger. Lundenburg. Jihomoravský Kraj, SE Czech Republic 49°05´N 16°51´E 97 J21 Brecon E Wales, United Kingdom 51°58´N 03°26´W 97 J21 Brecon Beacons m S Wales, United Kingdom 99 I14 Breda Noord-Brabant, S Netherlands 51°35´N 04°46´E 95 K20 Bredaryd Jönköping, S Sweden 57°10´N 13°45´E 83 F26 Bredasdorp Western Cape, SW South Africa 34°32´S 20°02´E

93 H16 Bredbyn Västernorrland, N Sweden 63°28´N 18°04´E 122 F11 Bredy Chelyabinskaya Oblast’, C Russian Federation 52°23´N 60°24´E 99 K17 Bree Limburg, NE Belgium 51°08´N 05°36´E 67 T15 Breede j S South Africa 98 I7 Breezand NoordHolland, NW Netherlands 52°52´N 04°47´E 113 P18 Bregalnica j E FYR Macedonia 108 I6 Bregenz anc. Brigantium. Vorarlberg, W Austria 47°31´N 09°46´E

108 J7

114 F6

Bregenzer Wald m W Austria Bregovo Vidin, NW Bulgaria 44°07´N 22°40´E

102 H5 Bréhat, Île de island NW France 92 H2 Breiðafjörður bay W Iceland 92 L3 Breiðdalsvík Austurland, E Iceland 64°48´N 14°02´W 108 H9 Breil Ger. Brigels. Graubünden, S Switzerland 92 94 94 94

46°46´N 09°04´E J8 Breivikbotn Finnmark, N Norway 70°36´N 22°19´E I9 Brekken Sør-Trøndelag, S Norway 62°39´N 11°49´E G7 Brekstad Sør-Trøndelag, S Norway 63°42´N 09°40´E B10 Bremangerlandet island S Norway Brême see Bremen

Lake Reservoir

100 H11 Bremen Fr. Brême. Bremen, NW Germany 53°06´N 08°48´E 23 R3 Bremen Georgia, SE USA 33°43´N 85°09´W

31 O11 Bremen Indiana, N USA

41°24´N 86°07´W 100 H10 Bremen off. Freie Hansestadt Bremen, Fr. Brême. r state N Germany 100 G9 Bremerhaven Bremen, NW Germany 53°33´N 08°35´E Bremersdorp see Manzini 32 G8 Bremerton Washington, NW USA 47°34´N 122°37´W

100 H10 Bremervörde Niedersachsen, NW Germany 53°29´N 09°06´E

25 U9 Bremond Texas, SW USA 31°10´N 96°40´W

25 U10 Brenham Texas, SW USA 30°09´N 96°24´W

108 M8 Brenner Tirol, W Austria 47°10´N 11°51´E

Brenner, Col du/Brennero, Passo del see Brenner Pass 108 M8 Brenner Pass var. Brenner Sattel, Fr. Col du Brenner, Ger. Brennerpass, It. Passo del Brennero. pass Austria/Italy Brennerpass see Brenner Pass Brenner Sattel see Brenner Pass 108 G10 Brenno j SW Switzerland 106 F7 Breno Lombardia, N Italy 45°58´N 10°18´E

23 O5 Brent Alabama, S USA 32°54´N 87°10´W

106 H7 Brenta j NE Italy 97 P21 Brentwood E England, United Kingdom 51°38´N 00°21´E

18 L14 Brentwood Long Island, New York, NE USA

40°46´N 73°12´W Brescia anc. Brixia. Lombardia, N Italy 45°33´N 10°13´E D15 Breskens Zeeland, SW Netherlands 51°24´N 03°33´E Breslau see Wrocław H5 Bressanone Ger. Brixen. Trentino-Alto Adige, N Italy 46°44´N 11°41´E M2 Bressay island NE Scotland, United Kingdom K9 Bressuire Deux-Sèvres, W France 46°50´N 00°29´W F20 Brest Pol. Brześć nad Bugiem, Rus. Brest-Litovsk; prev. Brześć Litewski. Brestskaya Voblasts’, SW Belarus 52°06´N 23°42´E F5 Brest Finistère, NW France 48°24´N 04°31´W Brest-Litovsk see Brest A10 Brestova Istra, NW Croatia 45°09´N 14°13´E Brestskaya Oblast’ see Brestskaya Voblasts’ G19 Brestskaya Voblasts’ prev. Rus. Brestskaya Oblast’. r province SW Belarus G6 Bretagne Eng. Brittany, Lat. Britannia Minor. r region NW France G12 Bretea-Română Hung. Oláhbrettye; prev. BreteaRomînă. Hunedoara, W Romania 45°39´N 23°00´E Bretea-Romînă see Bretea-Română O3 Breteuil Oise, N France 49°37´N 02°18´E I10 Breton, Pertuis inlet W France L10 Breton Sound sound Louisiana, S USA K2 Brett, Cape headland North Island, New Zealand 35°11´S 174°21´E G21 Bretten Baden-Württemberg, SW Germany 49°01´N 08°42´E K15 Breugel Noord-Brabant, S Netherlands 51°30´N 05°30´E B6 Breuil-Cervinia It. Cervinia. Valle d’Aosta, NW Italy 45°57´N 07°37´E I11 Breukelen Utrecht, C Netherlands 52°11´N 05°01´E P10 Brevard North Carolina, SE USA 35°13´N 82°46´W L9 Brevig Mission Alaska, USA 65°19´N 166°29´W G16 Brevik Telemark, S Norway 59°05´N 09°42´E P5 Brewarrina New South Wales, SE Australia 30°01´S 146°50´E R6 Brewer Maine, NE USA 44°46´N 68°44´W T11 Brewster Minnesota, N USA 43°43´N 95°28´W N14 Brewster Nebraska, C USA 41°57´N 99°52´W U12 Brewster Ohio, N USA 40°42´N 81°36´W Brewster, Kap see Kangikajik O8 Brewster, Lake c New South Wales, SE Australia P7 Brewton Alabama, S USA 31°06´N 87°04´W Brezhnev see Naberezhnyye Chelny W12 Brežice Ger. Rann. E Slovenia 45°54´N 15°35´E G9 Breznik Pernik, W Bulgaria 42°45´N 22°54´E K19 Brezno Ger. Bries, Briesen, Hung. Breznóbánya; prev. Brezno nad Hronom. Banskobystrický Kraj, C Slovakia 48°49´N 19°40´E

106 F7 99

106 96 102 119

102 112

119 102 116

103 102 22 184 101 99 106 98 21 38 95 183 19 29 29 31 183 23

109 114 111

Breznóbánya/Brezno nad Hronom see Brezno 116 I12 Brezoi Vâlcea, SW Romania 45°18´N 24°15´E

114 J10 Brezovo prev. Abrashlare. Plovdiv, C Bulgaria 42°19´N 25°05´E

79 K14 Bria Haute-Kotto, C Central African Republic 06°30´N 22°00´E

103 U13 Briançon anc. Brigantio. Hautes-Alpes, SE France 36 K7

44°55´N 06°37´E

Brian Head l Utah, W USA 37°40´N 112°49´W

103 O7 Briare Loiret, C France 47°35´N 02°46´E

Bribie Island island Queensland, E Australia 43 O14 Bribrí Limón, E Costa Rica 183 V2

09°37´N 82°51´W Briceni var. Brinceni, Rus. Brichany. N Moldova 48°21´N 27°02´E Bricgstow see Bristol Brichany see Briceni 99 M24 Bridel Luxembourg, C Luxembourg 49°40´N 06°03´E

116 L8

229

Bridgend – Bull island 97 J22 Bridgend S Wales, United Kingdom 51°30´N 03°37´W 14 I14 Bridgenorth Ontario, SE Canada 44°21´N 78°22´W 23 Q1 Bridgeport Alabama, S USA

34°57´N 85°42´W Bridgeport California, W USA 38°14´N 119°15´W L13 Bridgeport Connecticut, NE USA 41°10´N 73°12´W N15 Bridgeport Illinois, N USA 38°42´N 87°45´W J14 Bridgeport Nebraska, C USA 41°37´N 103°07´W S6 Bridgeport Texas, SW USA 33°12´N 97°45´W S3 Bridgeport West Virginia, NE USA 39°17´N 80°15´W S5 Bridgeport, Lake d Texas, SW USA U11 Bridger Montana, NW USA 45°16´N 108°55´W I17 Bridgeton New Jersey, NE USA 39°24´N 75°10´W J14 Bridgetown Western Australia 34°01´S 116°07´E Y14 Bridgetown a (Barbados) SW Barbados 13°05´N 59°36´W P17 Bridgewater Tasmania, SE Australia 42°47´S 147°15´E P16 Bridgewater Nova Scotia, SE Canada 44°19´N 64°30´W P12 Bridgewater Massachusetts, NE USA 41°59´N 70°58´W Q11 Bridgewater South Dakota, N USA 43°33´N 97°30´W U5 Bridgewater Virginia, NE USA 38°22´N 78°58´W P8 Bridgton Maine, NE USA 44°04´N 70°43´W K23 Bridgwater SW England, United Kingdom 51°08´N 03°W K22 Bridgwater Bay bay SW England, United Kingdom O16 Bridlington E England, United Kingdom 54°05´N 00°12´W O16 Bridlington Bay bay E England, United Kingdom P15 Bridport Tasmania, SE Australia 41°03´S 147°26´E K24 Bridport S England, United Kingdom 50°44´N 02°43´W O5 Brie cultural region N France Brieg see Brzeg Briel see Brielle G12 Brielle var. Briel, Bril, Eng. The Brill. ZuidHolland, SW Netherlands 51°54´N 04°10´E E9 Brienz Bern, C Switzerland 46°45´N 08°00´E E9 Brienzer See c SW Switzerland Bries/Briesen see Brezno Brietzig see Brzesko S4 Briey Meurthe-et-Moselle, NE France 49°15´N 05°57´E E10 Brig Fr. Brigue, It. Briga. Valais, SW Switzerland 46°19´N 08°E Briga see Brig G24 Brigach j S Germany K17 Brigantine New Jersey, NE USA 39°23´N 74°21´W Brigantio see Briançon Brigantium see Bregenz Brigels see Breil S9 Briggs Texas, SW USA 30°52´N 97°55´W L1 Brigham City Utah, W USA 41°30´N 112°00´W J15 Brighton Ontario, SE Canada 44°01´N 77°44´W O23 Brighton SE England, United Kingdom 50°50´N 00°10´W T4 Brighton Colorado, C USA 39°58´N 104°46´W K15 Brighton Illinois, N USA 39°01´N 90°09´W T16 Brignoles Var, W France 43°25´N 06°03´E Brigue see Brig O7 Brihuega Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 40°45´N 02°52´W A10 Brijuni It. Brioni. island group NW Croatia G12 Brikama W Gambia 13°13´N 16°37´W Bril see Brielle Brill, The see Brielle G15 Brilon Nordrhein-Westfalen, W Germany 51°24´N 08°34´E Brinceni see Briceni Q18 Brindisi anc. Brundisium, Brundusium. Puglia, SE Italy 40°39´N 17°55´E W11 Brinkley Arkansas, C USA 34°53´N 91°11´W Brioni see Brijuni P12 Brioude anc. Brivas. HauteLoire, C France 45°18´N 03°23´E Briovera see St-Lô U2 Brisbane state capital Queensland, E Australia 27°30´S 153°E V2 Brisbane k Queensland, E Australia 27°30´S 153°00´E P2 Briscoe Texas, SW USA 35°34´N 100°17´W H10 Brisighella Emilia-Romagna, C Italy 44°12´N 11°45´E G11 Brissago Ticino, S Switzerland 46°07´N 08°40´E K22 Bristol anc. Bricgstow. SW England, United Kingdom 51°27´N 02°35´W M12 Bristol Connecticut, NE USA 41°40´N 72°56´W R9 Bristol Florida, SE USA 30°25´N 84°58´W N9 Bristol New Hampshire, NE USA 43°34´N 71°42´W Q8 Bristol South Dakota, N USA 45°18´N 97°45´W P8 Bristol Tennessee, S USA 36°36´N 82°11´W M8 Bristol Vermont, NE USA 44°07´N 73°00´W N14 Bristol Bay bay Alaska, USA I22 Bristol Channel inlet England/Wales, United Kingdom W14 Bristol Lake c California, W USA P10 Bristow Oklahoma, C USA 35°49´N 96°23´W C10 Britain var. Great Britain. island United Kingdom Britannia Minor see Bretagne L12 British Columbia Fr. Colombie-Britannique. r province SW Canada British Guiana see Guyana British Honduras see Belize Q7 British Indian Ocean Territory p UK dependent territory C Indian Ocean B9 British Isles island group NW Europe

35 R8 18 31 28 25 21 25 33 18 180 45 183 13 19 29 21 19 97 97 97 97 183 97 103 98

108 108

103 108

101 18

25 36 14 97 37 30 103 105 112 76

101 107 27 103 183 183 25 106 108 97 18 23 19 29 21 18 39 97 35 27 86

10

173 86

230

British Mountains m Yukon, NW Canada British North Borneo see Sabah British Solomon Islands Protectorate see Solomon Islands 45 S8 British Virgin Islands var. Virgin Islands. p UK dependent territory E West Indies 83 J21 Brits North-West, N South Africa 25°39´S 27°47´E 83 H24 Britstown Northern Cape, W South Africa 30°36´S 23°30´E 14 F12 Britt Ontario, S Canada 10 I1

96 25 183 96 96 23 21 181 33 21 118 11 11 15 101 19 14 18

9 96

110

116 98 32 110 27 183 29 27 27 182 173 186 55 55 95 97 95 106 10 93 23 31 25 107 25 25 170 27 22

37°03´N 78°56´W

11 R16 Brooks Alberta, SW Canada 50°35´N 111°54´W

25 V11 Brookshire Texas, SW USA

31

Briva Curretia see Brive-la-Gaillarde Briva Isarae see Pontoise Brivas see Brioude Brive see Brive-la-Gaillarde M12 Brive-la-Gaillarde prev. Brive; anc. Briva Curretia. Corrèze, C France 45°09´N 01°31´E O4 Briviesca Castilla y León, N Spain 42°33´N 03°19´W Brixen see Bressanone Brixia see Brescia Brlik see Birlik Brněnský Kraj see Jihomoravský Kraj G18 Brno Ger. Brünn. Jihomoravský Kraj, SE Czech Republic 49°11´N 16°35´E G7 Broad Bay bay NW Scotland, United Kingdom X8 Broaddus Texas, SW USA 31°18´N 94°16´W O12 Broadford Victoria, SE Australia 37°07´S 145°04´E G9 Broadford N Scotland, United Kingdom 57°14´N 05°54´W J13 Broad Law l S Scotland, United Kingdom 55°30´N 03°22´W U3 Broad River j Georgia, SE USA N8 Broad River j North Carolina/South Carolina, SE USA Y8 Broadsound Range m Queensland, E Australia X11 Broadus Montana, NW USA 45°28´N 105°22´W U4 Broadway Virginia, NE USA 38°36´N 78°48´W E9 Brocēni SW Latvia 56°41´N 22°31´E U11 Brochet Manitoba, C Canada 57°55´N 101°40´W U10 Brochet, Lac c Manitoba, C Canada S5 Brochet, Lac au c Québec, SE Canada K14 Brocken l C Germany 51°48´N 10°38´E O12 Brockton Massachusetts, NE USA 42°04´N 71°01´W L14 Brockville Ontario, SE Canada 44°35´N 75°44´W D13 Brockway Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°14´N 78°45´W Brod/Bród see Slavonski Brod N5 Brodeur Peninsula peninsula Baffin Island, Nunavut, NE Canada H13 Brodick W Scotland, United Kingdom 55°34´N 05°10´W Brod na Savi see Slavonski Brod K9 Brodnica Ger. Buddenbrock. Kujawski-pomorskie, C Poland 53°15´N 19°23´E Brod-Posavina see Slavonski Brod-Posavina Brodsko-Posavska Županija see Slavonski Brod-Posavina J5 Brody L’vivs’ka Oblast’, NW Ukraine 50°05´N 25°08´E I10 Broek-in-Waterland Noord-Holland, C Netherlands 52°27´N 04°59´E L13 Brogan Oregon, NW USA 44°15´N 117°34´W N10 Brok Mazowieckie, C Poland 52°42´N 21°53´E P9 Broken Arrow Oklahoma, C USA 36°03´N 95°47´W T9 Broken Bay bay New South Wales, SE Australia N15 Broken Bow Nebraska, C USA 41°24´N 99°38´W R13 Broken Bow Oklahoma, C USA 34°01´N 94°44´W R12 Broken Bow Lake d Oklahoma, C USA L6 Broken Hill New South Wales, SE Australia 31°58´S 141°27´E S10 Broken Ridge undersea feature S Indian Ocean 31°30´S 95°00´E C6 Broken Water Bay bay W Bismarck Sea W10 Brokopondo Brokopondo, NE Suriname 05°04´N 55°00´W W10 Brokopondo r district C Suriname Bromberg see Bydgoszcz L22 Bromölla Skåne, S Sweden 56°04´N 14°28´E L20 Bromsgrove W England, United Kingdom 52°20´N 02°03´W G20 Brønderslev Nordjylland, N Denmark 57°16´N 09°58´E D8 Broni Lombardia, N Italy 45°04´N 09°18´E K11 Bronlund Peak l British Columbia, W Canada 57°27´N 126°43´W F14 Brønnøysund Nordland, C Norway 65°38´N 12°15´E V10 Bronson Florida, SE USA 29°25´N 82°38´W Q11 Bronson Michigan, N USA 41°52´N 85°11´W X8 Bronson Texas, SW USA 31°20´N 94°00´W L24 Bronte Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 37°47´N 14°50´E P8 Bronte Texas, SW USA 31°53´N 100°17´W Y9 Brookeland Texas, SW USA 31°05´N 93°57´W M7 Brooke’s Point Palawan, W Philippines 08°54´N 117°54´E T3 Brookfield Missouri, C USA 39°46´N 93°04´W K7 Brookhaven Mississippi, S USA 31°34´N 90°26´W

Country Country Capital

23 23 180 31 18 31 180 37 96 96 95 95 116 102

138 22 98 98 117 95 31 24 33 33 0 31 18 44 31 29 20 20 25 55 29 19 25 25 104 119 103 103 14 20 25 101 109 109 109 101 168 108 99 109 101 99 169 14 30 99 59

29°47´N 95°57´W

Brooks Mountain l Alaska, USA 65°31´N 167°24´W M11 Brooks Range m Alaska, USA O12 Brookston Indiana, N USA 40°34´N 86°53´W V11 Brooksville Florida, SE USA 28°33´N 82°23´W N4 Brooksville Mississippi, S USA 33°13´N 88°34´W J13 Brookton Western Australia 32°24´S 117°04´E Q14 Brookville Indiana, N USA 39°25´N 85°00´W D13 Brookville Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°07´N 79°05´W Q14 Brookville Lake d Indiana, N USA K5 Broome Western Australia 17°58´S 122°15´E S4 Broomfield Colorado, C USA 39°55´N 105°05´W Broos see Orăştie J7 Brora N Scotland, United Kingdom 57°59´N 04°00´W I7 Brora j N Scotland, United Kingdom F23 Brørup Syddtjylland, W Denmark 55°29´N 09°01´E L23 Brösarp Skåne, S Sweden 55°43´N 14°10´E J9 Broşteni Suceava, NE Romania 47°14´N 25°43´E M6 Brou Eure-et-Loir, C France 48°12´N 01°10´E Broucsella see Brussel/ Bruxelles Broughton Bay see Tongjosŏn-man Broughton Island see Qikiqtarjuaq G7 Broummâna C Lebanon 33°53´N 35°39´E I9 Broussard Louisiana, S USA 30°09´N 91°57´W E13 Brouwersdam dam SW Netherlands E13 Brouwershaven Zeeland, SW Netherlands 51°44´N 03°50´E P4 Brovary Kyyivs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 50°30´N 30°45´E G20 Brovst Nordjylland, N Denmark 57°06´N 09°32´E S8 Brown City Michigan, N USA 43°12´N 82°50´W M6 Brownfield Texas, SW USA 33°11´N 102°16´W Q7 Browning Montana, NW USA 48°33´N 113°00´W R6 Brown, Mount l Montana, NW USA 48°52´N 111°08´W M9 Browns Bank undersea feature NW Atlantic Ocean 42°40´N 66°05´W O14 Brownsburg Indiana, N USA 39°50´N 86°24´W J16 Browns Mills New Jersey, NE USA 39°58´N 74°33´W J12 Browns Town C Jamaica 18°28´N 77°22´W P15 Brownstown Indiana, N USA 38°52´N 86°02´W R8 Browns Valley Minnesota, N USA 45°36´N 96°49´W K7 Brownsville Kentucky, S USA 37°10´N 86°18´W F9 Brownsville Tennessee, S USA 35°35´N 89°15´W T17 Brownsville Texas, SW USA 25°56´N 97°28´W W10 Brownsweg Brokopondo, C Suriname U9 Brownton Minnesota, N USA 44°43´N 94°21´W R5 Brownville Junction Maine, NE USA 45°20´N 69°04´W R8 Brownwood Texas, SW USA 31°42´N 98°59´W R8 Brownwood Lake d Texas, SW USA I9 Brozas Extremadura, W Spain 39°37´N 06°48´W M18 Brozha Mahilyowskaya Voblasts’, E Belarus 52°57´N 29°07´E O2 Bruay-en-Artois Pas-de-Calais, N France 50°31´N 02°30´E P2 Bruay-sur-l’Escaut Nord, N France 50°24´N 03°33´E F13 Bruce Peninsula peninsula Ontario, S Canada H9 Bruceton Tennessee, S USA 36°02´N 88°14´W T9 Bruceville Texas, SW USA 31°17´N 97°15´W G21 Bruchsal BadenWürttemberg, SW Germany 49°07´N 08°35´E Q7 Bruck Salzburg, NW Austria 47°18´N 12°51´E Bruck see Bruck an der Mur Y4 Bruck an der Leitha Niederösterreich, NE Austria 48°02´N 16°47´E V7 Bruck an der Mur var. Bruck. Steiermark, C Austria 47°25´N 15°17´E M24 Bruckmühl Bayern, SE Germany 47°52´N 11°54´E E7 Brueuh, Pulau island NW Indonesia Bruges see Brugge F6 Brugg Aargau, NW Switzerland 47°29´N 08°13´E C16 Brugge Fr. Bruges. WestVlaanderen, NW Belgium 51°13´N 03°14´E R9 Bruggen Kärnten, S Austria 46°46´N 13°13´E E16 Brühl Nordrhein-Westfalen, W Germany 50°50´N 06°55´E F14 Bruinisse Zeeland, SW Netherlands 51°40´N 04°04´E R9 Bruit, Pulau island East Malaysia K10 Brûlé, Lac c Québec, SE Canada M4 Brule River j Michigan/ Wisconsin, N USA H23 Brûly Namur, S Belgium 49°55´N 04°31´E N17 Brumado Bahia, E Brazil 14°14´S 41°38´W

38 L8

43°06´N 93°48´W 45°47´N 97°45´W

111

41°43´N 92°27´W

29 U8 Brooklyn Park Minnesota, N USA 45°06´N 93°18´W 21 U7 Brookneal Virginia, NE USA

38

Brittany see Bretagne 29 Q7 Britton South Dakota, N USA

105

42°03´N 124°16´W

29 R10 Brookings South Dakota, N USA 44°15´N 96°46´W 29 W14 Brooklyn Iowa, C USA

45°46´N 80°34´W

29 V12 Britt Iowa, C USA

102

32 E16 Brookings Oregon, NW USA

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

98 M11 Brummen Gelderland, E Netherlands 52°05´N 06°10´E 94 H13 Brumunddal Hedmark, S Norway 60°54´N 11°00´E 23 Q6 Brundidge Alabama, S USA

167 Q10 Bua Yai var. Ban Bua Yai. Nakhon Ratchasima, E Thailand 15°35´N 102°25´E 75 P8 Bu’ayrāt al Ḩasūn var. Buwayrāt al Hasūn. C Libya

119 K14 Budslaw Rus. Budslav. Minskaya Voblasts’, N Belarus

Brundisium/Brundusium see Brindisi 33 N15 Bruneau River j Idaho, NW USA Bruneck see Brunico 169 T8 Brunei off. Brunei Darussalam, Mal. Negara Brunei Darussalam. b monarchy SE Asia 169 T7 Brunei Bay var. Teluk Brunei. bay N Brunei Brunei Darussalam see Brunei Brunei, Teluk see Brunei Bay Brunei Town see Bandar Seri Begawan 106 H5 Brunico Ger. Bruneck. Trentino-Alto Adige, N Italy

76 H13 Buba S Guinea-Bissau

113 J17

31°43´N 85°49´W

46°49´N 11°57´E Brünn see Brno

185 G17 Brunner, Lake c South Island, New Zealand 99 M18 Brunssum Limburg, SE Netherlands

31°22´N 15°41´E

11°36´N 14°55´W

171 P11 Bubaa Sulawesi, N Indonesia 0°32´N 122°27´E

81 D20 Bubanza NW Burundi 03°04´S 29°22´E

83 K18 Bubi prev. Bubye. j S Zimbabwe 142 L11 Būbīyan, Jazīrat island E Kuwait Bublitz see Bobolice Bubye see Bubi 187 Y13 Buca prev. Mbutha. Vanua Levu, N Fiji 16°39´S 179°51´E 136 F16 Bucak Burdur, SW Turkey 37°28´N 30°37´E

54 G8 Bucaramanga Santander, N Colombia 07°08´N 73°10´W 107 M18 Buccino Campania, S Italy 40°37´N 15°25´E

23 W7 Brunswick Georgia, SE USA

Bucecea Botoșani, NE Romania 47°45´N 26°30´E 116 J6 Buchach Pol. Buczacz. Ternopil’s’ka Oblast’, W Ukraine 49°04´N 25°23´E 183 Q12 Buchan Victoria, SE Australia

19

76 J17

50°57´N 05°59´E

21 27 31

31°09´N 81°30´W Q8 Brunswick Maine, NE USA 43°54´N 69°58´W V3 Brunswick Maryland, NE USA 39°18´N 77°37´W T3 Brunswick Missouri, C USA 39°25´N 93°07´W T11 Brunswick Ohio, N USA 41°14´N 81°50´W Brunswick see Braunschweig

63 H24 Brunswick, Península headland S Chile 53°30´S 71°27´W

111 H17 Bruntál Ger. Freudenthal. Moravskoslezský Kraj, E Czech Republic 50°00´N 17°27´E

195 N3 Brunt Ice Shelf ice shelf Antarctica Brusa see Bursa 114 G7 Brusartsi Montana, NW Bulgaria 43°39´N 23°04´E 37 U3 Brush Colorado, C USA 40°15´N 103°37´W

42 M5 Brus Laguna Gracias a Dios, E Honduras 15°46´N 84°32´W 60 K13 Brusque Santa Catarina, S Brazil 27°07´S 48°54´W Brussa see Bursa 99 E18 Brussel var. Brussels, Fr. Bruxelles, Ger. Brüssel; anc. Broucsella. a (Belgium) Brussels, C Belgium 50°52´N 04°21´E see also Bruxelles Brussel see Bruxelles Brüssel/Brussels see Brussel/Bruxelles 117 O5 Brusyliv Zhytomyrs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 50°16´N 29°31´E

183 Q12 Bruthen Victoria, SE Australia 37°43´S 147°49´E Bruttium see Calabria Brüx see Most 99 E18 Bruxelles var. Brussels, Dut. Brussel, Ger. Brüssel; anc. Broucsella. a Brussels, C Belgium 50°52´N 04°21´E see also Brussel Bruxelles see Brussel 54 J7 Bruzual Apure, W Venezuela 07°59´N 69°18´W 31 Q11 Bryan Ohio, N USA 41°30´N 84°34´W 25 U10 Bryan Texas, SW USA 30°40´N 96°23´W 194 J4 Bryan Coast physical region Antarctica 122 L11 Bryanka Krasnoyarskiy Kray, C Russian Federation 59°01´N 93°13´E 117 Y7 Bryanka Luhans’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 48°30´N 38°45´E 182 J8 Bryan, Mount l South Australia 33°25´S 138°59´E 126 I6 Bryansk Bryanskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 53°16´N 34°07´E

126 H6 Bryanskaya Oblast’ r province W Russian Federation 194 J5 Bryant, Cape headland Antarctica 27 U8 Bryant Creek j Missouri, C USA 36 K8 Bryce Canyon canyon Utah, W USA 119 O15 Bryli Mahilyowskaya Voblasts’, E Belarus 53°54´N 30°33´E

95 C17 Bryne Rogaland, S Norway

58°43´N 05°40´E Bryson Texas, SW USA 33°09´N 98°23´W 21 N10 Bryson City North Carolina, SE USA 35°26´N 83°27´W 14 K11 Bryson, Lac c Québec, SE Canada

25 R6

126 K13 Bryukhovetskaya Krasnodarskiy Kray, SW Russian Federation

45°49´N 38°01´E 111 H15 Brzeg Ger. Brieg; anc. Civitas Altae Ripae. Opolskie, S Poland 50°52´N 17°27´E 111 G14 Brzeg Dolny Ger. Dyhernfurth. Dolnośląskie, SW Poland 51°15´N 16°40´E

Brześć Litewski/Brześć nad Bugiem see Brest 111 L17 Brzesko Ger. Brietzig. Małopolskie, SE Poland 110 K12

111 O17 187 X14 95 J20 82 M13 81 L18

189 Q8 186 M8 190 H1

49°59´N 20°34´E Brzeżany see Berezhany Brzeziny Łódzkie, C Poland 51°49´N 19°41´E Brzostowica Wielka see Vyalikaya Byerastavitsa Brzozów Podkarpackie, SE Poland 49°38´N 22°00´E Bsharrī/Bsherri see Bcharré Bua Vanua Levu, N Fiji 16°48´S 178°36´E Bua Halland, S Sweden 57°14´N 12°07´E Bua j C Malawi Bua see Čiovo Bu’aale It. Buale. Jubbada Dhexe, SW Somalia 0°52´N 42°37´E Buache, Mount see Mutunte, Mount Buada Lagoon lagoon Nauru, C Pacific Ocean Buala Santa Isabel, E Solomon Islands 08°06´S 159°31´E Buale see Bu’aale Buariki atoll Tungaru, W Kiribati

Administrative Regions International Airport

169 R9

116 K9

23 R3 31 O11 21 T6 25 R10 25 R10 96 L8 13 T12

101 H20

37°26´S 148°11´E Buchanan prev. Grand Bassa. SW Liberia 05°53´N 10°03´W Buchanan Georgia, SE USA 33°48´N 85°11´W Buchanan Michigan, N USA 41°49´N 86°21´W Buchanan Virginia, NE USA 37°31´N 79°40´W Buchanan Dam Texas, SW USA 30°42´N 98°24´W Buchanan, Lake d Texas, SW USA Buchan Ness headland NE Scotland, United Kingdom 57°28´N 01°46´W Buchans Newfoundland and Labrador, SE Canada 48°49´N 56°53´W Bucharest see Bucureşti Buchen Baden-Württemberg, SW Germany 49°31´N 09°18´E

100 I10 Buchholz in der Nordheide Niedersachsen, NW Germany 108 F7 108 I8 100 H13 36 K14 21 S4 25 T9 96 K8 14 M12 21 U6 97 N21 39 N8 182 G7 26 K7 27 T3

53°19´N 09°52´E Buchs Aargau, N Switzerland 47°24´N 08°04´E Buchs Sankt Gallen, NE Switzerland 47°10´N 09°28´E Bückeburg Niedersachsen, NW Germany 52°16´N 09°03´E Buckeye Arizona, SW USA 33°22´N 112°34´W Buckeye State see Ohio Buckhannon West Virginia, NE USA 38°59´N 80°14´W Buckholts Texas, SW USA 30°52´N 97°07´W Buckie NE Scotland, United Kingdom 57°39´N 02°56´W Buckingham Québec, SE Canada 45°35´N 75°25´W Buckingham Virginia, NE USA 37°33´N 78°34´W Buckinghamshire cultural region SE England, United Kingdom Buckland Alaska, USA 65°58´N 161°07´W Buckleboo South Australia 32°55´S 136°11´E Bucklin Kansas, C USA 37°33´N 99°37´W Bucklin Missouri, C USA 39°46´N 92°53´W

36 I12 Buckskin Mountains m Arizona, SW USA 19 R7 Bucksport Maine, NE USA 44°34´N 68°46´W 82 A9 Buco Zau Cabinda, NW Angola 04°45´S 12°34´E Bu Craa see Bou Craa 116 K14 Bucureşti Eng. Bucharest, Ger. Bukarest, prev. Altenburg; anc. Cetatea Damboviei. a (Romania) București, S Romania 44°27´N 26°06´E 31 S12 Bucyrus Ohio, N USA 40°47´N 82°57´W Buczacz see Buchach 94 E9 Bud Møre og Romsdal, S Norway 62°55´N 06°55´E 25 S11 Buda Texas, SW USA 30°05´N 97°50´W

141 O9 195 Y12 107 C17

62 K12 54 C11 40 I4 57 M18 40 G10 37 S5 23 S5 21 T6 44 F5

35 R13 Buena Vista Lake Bed c California, W USA 105 P8 Buendía, Embalse de d C Spain 63 F16 Bueno, Río j S Chile 62 N12 Buenos Aires hist. Santa Maria del Buen Aire. a (Argentina) Buenos Aires, E Argentina 34°40´S 58°30´W 43 O15 Buenos Aires Puntarenas, SE Costa Rica 09°10´N 83°23´W

61 C20 Buenos Aires off. Provincia de Buenos Aires. r province E Argentina 63 H19 Buenos Aires, Lago var. Lago General Carrera. c Argentina/Chile Buenos Aires, Provincia de see Buenos Aires 54 C13 Buesaco Nariño, SW Colombia 29 26 18 27 28 25 33 29 24 30

01°22´N 77°07´W U8 Buffalo Minnesota, N USA 45°11´N 93°50´W T6 Buffalo Missouri, C USA 37°38´N 93°05´W D10 Buffalo New York, NE USA 42°53´N 78°53´W K8 Buffalo Oklahoma, C USA 36°51´N 99°38´W J7 Buffalo South Dakota, N USA 45°25´N 103°35´W V8 Buffalo Texas, SW USA 31°25´N 96°04´W W12 Buffalo Wyoming, C USA 44°21´N 106°40´W U11 Buffalo Center Iowa, C USA 43°23´N 93°57´W M3 Buffalo Lake d Texas, SW USA K7 Buffalo Lake d Wisconsin, N USA

11 S12 Buffalo Narrows Saskatchewan, C Canada 55°52´N 108°28´W

27 U9 Buffalo River j Arkansas, C USA 29 R5 Buffalo River j Minnesota, N USA 20 I10 Buffalo River j Tennessee, S USA 30 J6 Buffalo River j Wisconsin, N USA 44 L12 Buff Bay E Jamaica 23 T3

33 Y17 116 J14 84 I9

54 D11 103 O17

47°30´N 19°03´E

152 K11

103 S13 18 J17

28 J3

119 O18 Buda-Kashalyova Rus. Buda-Koshelëvo. Homyel’skaya Voblasts’, SE Belarus 52°43´N 30°34´E Buda-Koshelëvo see Buda-Kashalyova 166 L4 Budalin Sagaing, C Myanmar (Burma) 22°24´N 95°08´E 111 J22 Budapest off. Budapest Főváros, SCr. Budimpešta. a (Hungary) Pest, N Hungary

92 I2

79 D16

Budapest Főváros see Budapest Búðardalur Vesturland, W Iceland 65°07´N 21°45´W Budaun Uttar Pradesh, N India 28°02´N 79°07´E Budayyi‘ah oasis C Saudi Arabia Budd Coast physical region Antarctica Buddenbrock see Brodnica Budduso Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea

162 F8 146 B12

171 O14 64 P6 92 M8 125 Q3

127 T5

40°37´N 09°19´E

127 T6

31°27´N 90°51´W

159 R9 101 F22

97 I23 Bude SW England, United Kingdom 50°50´N 04°33´W 22 J7 Bude Mississippi, S USA

Budějovický Kraj see Jihočeský Kraj 99 K16 Budel Noord-Brabant, SE Netherlands 51°17´N 05°35´E 100 I8 Büdelsdorf SchleswigHolstein, N Germany 54°20´N 09°40´E

127 O14 Budënnovsk Stavropol’skiy Kray, SW Russian Federation 44°46´N 44°07´E

116 K14 Budeşti Călărași, SE Romania 44°13´N 26°30´E

Budge-Budge see Baj Baj Budgewoi see Budgewoi Lake 183 T8 Budgewoi Lake var. Budgewoi. New South Wales, SE Australia 33°14´S 151°34´E Budimpešta see Budapest 79 J16 Budjala Equateur, NW Dem. Rep. Congo 02°39´N 19°42´E 106 G10 Budrio Emilia-Romagna, C Italy 44°33´N 11°34´E Budslav see Budslaw

Mountain Mountain Range

54°47´N 27°27´E Budua see Budva Budu, Tanjung headland East Malaysia 02°51´N 111°42´E Budva It. Budua. W Montenegro 42°17´N 18°49´E Budweis see České Budějovice Budyšin see Bautzen Buea Sud-Ouest, SW Cameroon 04°09´N 09°13´E Buëch j SE France Buena New Jersey, NE USA 39°30´N 74°55´W Buena Esperanza San Luis, C Argentina 34°45´S 65°15´W Buenaventura Valle del Cauca, W Colombia 03°54´N 77°02´W Buenaventura Chihuahua, N Mexico 29°50´N 107°30´W Buena Vista Santa Cruz, C Bolivia 17°28´S 63°37´W Buenavista Baja California Sur, NW Mexico 23°39´N 109°41´W Buena Vista Colorado, C USA 38°50´N 106°07´W Buena Vista Georgia, SE USA 32°19´N 84°31´W Buena Vista Virginia, NE USA 37°44´N 79°22´W Buena Vista, Bahia de bay N Cuba

33 O15 116 K10 97 J20 186 J8 108 J9 127 Q4 127 Q4 163 R8

Volcano River

18°18´N 76°40´W Buford Georgia, SE USA 34°07´N 84°00´W Buford North Dakota, N USA 48°00´N 103°58´W Buford Wyoming, C USA 41°05´N 105°17´W Buftea Ilfov, S Romania 44°34´N 25°58´E Bug Bel. Zakhodni Buh, Eng. Western Bug, Rus. Zapadnyy Bug, Ukr. Zakhidnyy Buh. j E Europe Buga Valle del Cauca, W Colombia 03°53´N 76°17´W Buga see Dörvöljin Bugarach, Pic du l S France 42°52´N 02°23´E Bugat var. Bayangol. Govĭ-Altay, SW Mongolia 45°33´N 94°22´E Bugdaýly Rus. Bugdayly. Balkan Welaýaty, W Turkmenistan 38°42´N 54°14´E Bugdayly see Bugdaýly Buggs Island Lake see John H. Kerr Reservoir Bughotu see Santa Isabel Bugingkalo Sulawesi, C Indonesia 04°49´S 121°42´E Bugio island Madeira, Portugal, NE Atlantic Ocean Bugøynes Finnmark, N Norway 69°57´N 29°34´E Bugrino Nenetskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug, NW Russian Federation 68°48´N 49°12´E Bugul’ma Respublika Tatarstan, W Russian Federation 54°31´N 52°45´E Bügür see Luntai Buguruslan Orenburgskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 53°38´N 52°30´E Buh He j C China Bühl Baden-Württemberg, SW Germany 48°42´N 08°07´E Buhl Idaho, NW USA 42°36´N 114°45´W Buhuşi Bacău, E Romania 46°41´N 26°45´E Buie d’Istria see Buje Builth Wells E Wales, United Kingdom 52°07´N 03°28´W Buin Bougainville Island, NE Papua New Guinea 06°52´S 155°42´E Buin, Piz l Austria/ Switzerland 46°51´N 10°07´E Buinsk Chuvashskaya Respublika, W Russian Federation 55°09´N 47°00´E Buinsk Respublika Tatarstan, W Russian Federation 54°58´N 48°16´E Buir Nur Mong. Buyr Nuur. c China/Mongolia see also Buyr Nuur Buir Nur see Buyr Nuur

Lake Reservoir

98 M5 Buitenpost Fris. Bûtenpost. Fryslân, N Netherlands 53°15´N 06°09´E

Buitenzorg see Bogor 83 F19 Buitepos Omaheke, E Namibia 22°17´S 19°59´E 105 N7 Buitrago del Lozoya Madrid, C Spain 41°00´N 03°38´W

Buj see Buy 104 M13 Bujalance Andalucía, S Spain 37°54´N 04°23´W

113 O17 Bujanovac SE Serbia 105 S6 112 A9 81 D21 81 D20 186 J6 159 N11

186 J6 81 F18 79 N24 142 J4

79 O19

81 F21 141 W8

168 M14 168 I11 111 L21 81 F19 113 N20 108 G6

183 U7 171 P4 137 N11 152 J10 137 R14 127 V7 83 J17 83 J17 145 Q6 136 D15 154 G12 38 E16 162 I8 162 D7 162 K6 162 F7 162 J10 162 J7

114 H10

171 S11 171 S11 160 J13

104 M11 105 Q13 80 M12 108 C9 185 G15 183 P12 36 H11 99 N21

21 T14

42°29´N 21°44´E

Bujaraloz Aragón, NE Spain

41°29´N 00°10´W Buje It. Buie d’Istria. Istra, NW Croatia 45°23´N 13°40´E Bujnurd see Bojnūrd Bujumbura prev. Usumbura. a (Burundi) W Burundi 03°25´S 29°24´E Bujumbura k W Burundi 03°21´S 29°19´E Buka Bougainville, Papua New Guinea 05°24´S 154°40´E Buka Daban var. Bukadaban Feng. l C China 36°09´N 90°52´E Bukadaban Feng see Buka Daban Buka Island island NE Papua New Guinea Bukakata S Uganda 0°18´S 31°57´E Bukama Katanga, SE Dem. Rep. Congo 09°13´S 25°52´E Būkān var. Bowkān. Āarbāyjān-e Gharbī, NW Iran 36°31´N 46°10´E Bukantau, Gory see Bo‘kantov Tog‘lari Bukarest see Bucureşti Bukavu prev. Costermansville. SudKivu, E Dem. Rep. Congo 02°19´S 28°49´E Bukene Tabora, NW Tanzania 04°15´S 32°51´E Bū Khābī var. Bakhābī. NW Oman 23°29´N 56°06´E Bukhara see Buxoro Bukharskaya Oblast’ see Buxoro Viloyati Bukitkemuning Sumatera, W Indonesia 04°43´S 104°27´E Bukittinggi prev. Fort de Kock. Sumatera, W Indonesia 0°18´S 100°20´E Bükk m NE Hungary Bukoba Kagera, NW Tanzania 01°19´S 31°49´E Bukovo S FYR Macedonia 40°59´N 21°20´E Bülach Zürich, NW Switzerland 47°31´N 08°30´E Būlaevo see Bulayevo Bulag see Tünel, Hövsgöl, Mongolia Bulag see Möngönmorīt, Töv, Mongolia Bulagiyn Denj see Bulgan Bulahdelah New South Wales, SE Australia 32°24´S 152°13´E Bulan Luzon, N Philippines 12°40´N 123°55´E Bulancak Giresun, N Turkey 40°57´N 38°14´E Bulandshahr Uttar Pradesh, N India 28°30´N 77°49´E Bulanık Muş, E Turkey 39°04´N 42°16´E Bulanovo Orenburgskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 52°27´N 55°08´E Bulawayo var. Buluwayo. Bulawayo, SW Zimbabwe 20°08´S 28°37´E Bulawayo k Matabeleland North, SW Zimbabwe 20°00´S 28°36´E Bulayevo Kaz. Būlaevo. Severnyy Kazakhstan, N Kazakhstan 54°55´N 70°29´E Buldan Denizli, SW Turkey 38°03´N 28°50´E Buldāna Mahārāshtra, C India 20°31´N 76°18´E Buldir Island island Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA Buldur see Burdur Bulgan var. Bulagiyn Denj. Arhangay, C Mongolia 47°14´N 100°56´E Bulgan var. Jargalant. Bayan-Ölgiy, W Mongolia 46°56´N 91°07´E Bulgan Bulgan, N Mongolia 50°31´N 101°30´E Bulgan var. Bürenhayrhan. Hovd, W Mongolia 46°04´N 91°34´E Bulgan Ömnögovĭ, S Mongolia 44°07´N 103°28´E Bulgan r province N Mongolia Bulgan see Bayan-Öndör, Bayanhongor, C Mongolia Bulgan see Darvi, Hovd, Mongolia Bulgan see Tsagaan-Üür, Hövsgöl, Mongolia Bulgaria off. Republic of Bulgaria, Bul. Bŭlgariya; prev. People’s Republic of Bulgaria. b republic SE Europe Bulgaria, People’s Republic of see Bulgaria Bulgaria, Republic of see Bulgaria Bŭlgariya see Bulgaria Bŭlgarka see Balgarka Buli Pulau Halmahera, E Indonesia 0°56´N 128°17´E Buli, Teluk bay Pulau Halmahera, E Indonesia Buliu He j S China Bullange see Büllingen Bulla, Ostrov see Xärä Zirä Adasi Bullaque j C Spain Bullas Murcia, SE Spain 38°02´N 01°40´W Bullaxaar Woqooyi Galbeed, NW Somalia 10°28´N 44°15´E Bulle Fribourg, SW Switzerland 46°37´N 07°04´E Buller j South Island, New Zealand Buller, Mount l Victoria, SE Australia 37°10´S 146°31´E Bullhead City Arizona, SW USA 35°07´N 114°32´W Büllingen Fr. Bullange. Liège, E Belgium 50°23´N 06°15´E Bullion State see Missouri Bull Island island South Carolina, SE USA

Bulloo RiveR oveRflow – Cadiz lake 182 M4 Bulloo River Overflow wetland New South Wales, SE Australia 184 M12 Bulls Manawatu-Wanganui, North Island, New Zealand

80 H13 Burē Oromīya, C Ethiopia

21 T14 Bulls Bay bay South Carolina, SE USA 27 U9 Bull Shoals Lake d Arkansas/Missouri, C USA 181 Q2 Bulman Northern Territory, N Australia 13°39´S 134°21´E 162 I6 Bulnayn Nuruu m N Mongolia 171 O11 Bulowa, Gunung l Sulawesi, N Indonesia

48°07´N 103°54´E 101 G14 Büren Nordrhein-Westfalen, W Germany 51°34´N 08°34´E 162 L8 Büren var. Bayantöhöm. Töv, C Mongolia 46°57´N 105°09´E

40°10´S 175°22´E

113 L19 171 N14 147 O11

79 I21

79 K17 121 R12 81 F19 169 V8 81 J17 25 Y10

147 S13 180 I13 97 E14

181 Z9 183 T5 100 G13 152 H13 97 D15 113 K18 171 Q8 168 I12 167 R8

0°33´N 123°39´E Bulqiza see Bulqizë Bulqizë var. Bulqiza. Dibër, C Albania 41°30´N 20°16´E Bulsar see Valsād Bulukumba prev. Boeloekoemba. Sulawesi, C Indonesia 05°35´S 120°13´E Bulungh‘ur Rus. Bulungur; prev. Krasnogvardeysk. Samarqand Viloyati, C Uzbekistan 39°46´N 67°18´E Bulungu Bandundu, SW Dem. Rep. Congo 04°36´S 18°34´E Bulungur see Bulungh‘ur Buluwayo see Bulawayo Bumba Equateur, N Dem. Rep. Congo 02°14´N 22°25´E Bumbah, Khalīj al gulf N Libya Bumbat see Bayan-Öndör Bumbire Island island N Tanzania Bum Bun, Pulau island East Malaysia Buna Wajir, NE Kenya 02°40´N 39°34´E Buna Texas, SW USA 30°25´N 94°00´W Bunab see Bonāb Bunai see M’bunai Bunay S Tajikistan 38°29´N 71°41´E Bunbury Western Australia 33°24´S 115°44´E Buncrana Ir. Bun Cranncha. NW Ireland 55°08´N 07°27´W Bun Cranncha see Buncrana Bundaberg Queensland, E Australia 24°50´S 152°16´E Bundarra New South Wales, SE Australia 30°12´S 151°06´E Bünde Nordrhein-Westfalen, NW Germany 52°12´N 08°34´E Būndi Rājasthān, N India 25°28´N 75°42´E Bun Dobhráin see Bundoran Bundoran Ir. Bun Dobhráin. NW Ireland 54°30´N 08°11´W Bunë see Bojana Bunë, Lumi i SCr. Bojana. j Albania/Montenegro see also Bojana Bunga j Mindanao, S Philippines Bungalaut, Selat strait W Indonesia Bung Kan Nong Khai, E Thailand 18°19´N 103°39´E

181 N4 Bungle Bungle Range m Western Australia 82 C10 Bungo Uíge, NW Angola 07°30´S 15°24´E

81 G18 Bungoma Bungoma, W Kenya 0°34´N 34°34´E 81 G18 Bungoma r county W Kenya 164 F15 Bungo-suidō strait SW Japan 164 E14 Bungo-Takada Ōita, Kyūshū, SW Japan 33°34´N 131°28´E

Bungsberg hill N Germany Bungur see Bunyu 79 P17 Bunia Orientale, NE Dem. Rep. Congo 01°33´N 30°16´E 35 U6 Bunker Hill l Nevada, W USA 39°16´N 117°06´W 22 I7 Bunkie Louisiana, S USA 100 K8

23 X10 105 S10 98 K11 136 K14 169 W8 169 W8

123 P7 123 P7 171 Z15 80 P12 145 Q7

158 G15 138 H8 141 O6 35 S15 31 N11 183 Q8 80 N13 162 K8 146 L13

30°58´N 92°12´W Bunnell Florida, SE USA 29°28´N 81°15´W Buñol Valenciana, E Spain 39°25´N 00°47´W Bunschoten Utrecht, C Netherlands 52°15´N 05°23´E Bünyan Kayseri, C Turkey 38°51´N 35°50´E Bunyu var. Bungur. Borneo, N Indonesia 03°33´N 117°50´E Bunyu, Pulau island N Indonesia Bunzlau see Bolesławiec Buoddobohki see Patoniva Buor-Khaya, Guba bay N Russian Federation Buor-Khaya, Guba bay N Russian Federation Bupul Papua, E Indonesia 07°24´S 140°57´E Buraan Bari, N Somalia 10°03´N 49°08´E Burabay prev. Borovoye. Akmola, N Kazakhstan 53°07´N 70°20´E Buraida see Buraydah Buraimi see Al Buraymī Buran see Boran Burang Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 30°28´N 81°13´E Burao see Burco Burāq Dar‘ā, S Syria 33°11´N 36°28´E Buraydah var. Buraida. Al Qaşīm, N Saudi Arabia 26°50´N 44°E Burbank California, W USA 34°10´N 118°25´W Burbank Illinois, N USA 41°45´N 87°48´W Burcher New South Wales, SE Australia 33°29´S 147°16´E Burco var. Burao, Bur’o. Togdheer, NW Somalia 09°29´N 45°31´E Bürd var. Ongon. Övörhangay, C Mongolia 46°58´N 103°45´E Burdalyk Lebap Welaýaty, E Turkmenistan 38°31´N 64°21´E

181 W6 Burdekin River j Queensland, NE Australia 27 O7 Burden Kansas, C USA 136 E15 136 E15 136 E15 65 H21 80 I12

37°18´N 96°45´W Burdigala see Bordeaux Burdur var. Buldur. Burdur, SW Turkey 37°44´N 30°17´E Burdur var. Buldur. r province SW Turkey Burdur Gölü salt lake SW Turkey Burdwood Bank undersea feature SW Atlantic Ocean Burē Āmara, N Ethiopia 10°43´N 37°09´E

08°13´N 35°09´E

93 J15 Bureå Västerbotten, N Sweden 64°36´N 21°15´E 162 K7 Büreghangay var. Darhan. Bulgan, C Mongolia

162 K6 162 I6

149 U10 92 J9 100 L13

114 N10 114 M10 114 N9 114 N10 114 M10 21 V11

108 E8 109 Y7 13 S13 83 I24 83 K20 101 N23

Bürengiyn Nuruu m N Mongolia Bürenhayrhan see Bulgan Bürentogtoh var. Bayan. Hövsgol, C Mongolia

49°36´N 99°36´E Būrewāla var. Mandi Būrewāla. Punjab, E Pakistan 30°05´N 72°47´E Burfjord Troms, N Norway 69°55´N 21°54´E Burg var. Burg an der Ihle, Burg bei Magdeburg. Sachsen-Anhalt, C Germany 52°17´N 11°51´E Burg an der Ihle see Burg Burgas var. Bourgas. Burgas, E Bulgaria 42°31´N 27°30´E Burgas r province E Bulgaria Burgas k Burgas, E Bulgaria 42°35´N 27°33´E Burgaski Zaliv gulf E Bulgaria Burgasko Ezero lagoon E Bulgaria Burgaw North Carolina, SE USA 34°33´N 77°56´W Burg bei Magdeburg see Burg Burgdorf Bern, NW Switzerland 47°03´N 07°38´E Burgenland off. Land Burgenland. r state SE Austria Burgeo Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, SE Canada 47°37´N 57°38´W Burgersdorp Eastern Cape, SE South Africa 31°00´S 26°20´E Burgersfort Mpumalanga, NE South Africa 24°39´S 30°18´E Burghausen Bayern, SE Germany 48°10´N 12°48´E

57°01´N 18°18´E Burgum Dutch. Bergum. Fryslân, N Netherlands 53°12´N 05°59´E Burgundy see Bourgogne

105 S10 81 N16 147 X8 25 R4 29 O12 10 K15 194 J10 20 L7 181 T4 25 Q8 25 Y9 21 V7 77 O12

194 L13 14 H12 101 H23 25 T7 33 P15 14 G16 37 W4 29 Y15 27 P5 21 T9 28 M3 18 L7 30 M9

08°02´N 82°53´W Buriram var. Buri Ram, Puriramya. Buri Ram, E Thailand 15°01´N 103°06´E Buri Ram see Buriram Burjassot Valenciana, E Spain 39°33´N 00°26´W Burka Giibi Hiiraan, C Somalia 03°52´N 45°07´E Burkan j E Kyrgyzstan Burkburnett Texas, SW USA 34°06´N 98°34´W Burke South Dakota, N USA 43°09´N 99°18´W Burke Channel channel British Columbia, W Canada Burke Island island Antarctica Burkesville Kentucky, S USA 36°48´N 85°21´W Burketown Queensland, NE Australia 17°49´S 139°28´E Burkett Texas, SW USA 32°01´N 99°17´W Burkeville Texas, SW USA 30°58´N 93°41´W Burkeville Virginia, NE USA 37°11´N 78°12´W Burkina see Burkina Faso Burkina Faso off. Burkina Faso; prev. Upper Volta. b republic W Africa Burkina Faso see Burkina Faso Burks, Cape headland Antarctica Burk’s Falls Ontario, S Canada 45°38´N 79°25´W Burladingen BadenWürttemberg, S Germany 48°18´N 09°05´E Burleson Texas, SW USA 32°32´N 97°19´W Burley Idaho, NW USA 42°32´N 113°47´W Burlin see Borili Burlington Ontario, S Canada 42°19´N 79°48´W Burlington Colorado, C USA 39°17´N 102°17´W Burlington Iowa, C USA 40°48´N 91°05´W Burlington Kansas, C USA 38°11´N 95°46´W Burlington North Carolina, SE USA 36°05´N 79°27´W Burlington North Dakota, N USA 48°16´N 101°25´W Burlington Vermont, NE USA 44°28´N 73°14´W Burlington Wisconsin, N USA 42°38´N 88°12´W

27 Q1 Burlington Junction Missouri, C USA

40°27´N 95°04´W Burma see Myanmar (Burma) 10 L17 Burnaby British Columbia, SW Canada 49°16´N 122°58´W

117 O12 Burnas, Ozero c SW Ukraine 25 S10 Burnet Texas, SW USA

35°21´N 99°10´W

20 M7 Burnside Kentucky, S USA 8

10 29 21 21 14 14 11 158 182 183 96 113

36°55´N 84°34´W K8 Burnside j Nunavut, NW Canada L15 Burns Junction Oregon, NW USA 42°46´N 117°51´W L13 Burns Lake British Columbia, SW Canada 54°14´N 125°45´W V9 Burnsville Minnesota, N USA 44°49´N 93°14´W P9 Burnsville North Carolina, SE USA 35°56´N 82°18´W R4 Burnsville West Virginia, NE USA 38°50´N 80°39´W I13 Burnt River j Ontario, SE Canada I11 Burntroot Lake c Ontario, SE Canada W12 Burntwood j Manitoba, C Canada Bur’o see Burco L2 Burqin Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 47°42´N 86°50´E J8 Burra South Australia 33°41´S 138°54´E S9 Burragorang, Lake d New South Wales, SE Australia K5 Burray island NE Scotland, United Kingdom L19 Burrel var. Burreli. Dibër, C Albania 41°36´N 20°00´E Burreli see Burrel

183 R8 183 R5

30°06´S 149°01´E

116 J12 106 D7 147 Q10 100 H8 98 J10 79 M16 81 E20 191 O2 96 H13 162 K6 10 L16

31 Q5 Burt Lake c Michigan, N USA 118 H7 Burtnieks var. Burtnieks Ezers. c N Latvia Burtnieks Ezers see Burtnieks 31 Q9 Burton Michigan, N USA

23 S5

43°00´N 84°16´W

97 M19

93 J15

141 R15 81 D21

171 R13 77 T17 10 G7 29 O14 97 L17 123 N13

145 S14 117 S3 97 P20

106 D9 163 Z16

139 N5 143 N12

25 N2 30 J12 81 H18 81 G18 81 G18 79 K16

40°52´N 121°42´W

116 I5

Country Country Capital

33°43´S 115°15´E

81 C14 Busseri j W South Sudan 106 E9 Busseto Emilia-Romagna, C Italy 45°00´N 10°06´E 106 A8 Bussoleno Piemonte, NE Italy 45°11´N 07°07´E Bussora see Al Başrah 41 N7 Bustamante Nuevo León, NE Mexico 26°29´N 100°30´W 63 I23 Bustamante, Punta headland S Argentina

96 H12

79 J18

183 O16 Burnie Tasmania, SE Australia 41°07´S 145°52´E

95 E14 Buskerud r county S Norway 113 F14 Buško Jezero d SW Bosnia and Herzegovina 111 M15 Busko-Zdrój Świętokrzyskie, C Poland 50°28´N 20°44´E Busra see Al Başrah, Iraq Buşrá see Buşrá ash Shām, Syria 138 H9 Buşrá ash Shām var. Bosora, Bosra, Bozrah, Buşrá. Dar‘ā, S Syria 32°31´N 36°29´E 180 I13 Busselton Western Australia

Burriana see Borriana 183 R10 Burrinjuck Reservoir d New South Wales, SE Australia 36 J12 Burro Creek j Arizona, SW USA 40 M5 Burro, Serranías del m NW Mexico 62 K7 Burruyacú Tucumán, N Argentina 26°30´S 64°45´W 136 E12 Bursa var. Brussa, prev. Brusa; anc. Prusa. Bursa, NW Turkey 40°12´N 29°04´E 136 D12 Bursa var. Brusa, Brussa. r province NW Turkey 75 Y9 Būr Safājah var. Būr Safājah. E Egypt 26°43´N 33°55´E Būr Safājah see Būr Safājah 75 W7 Būr Sa‘īd var. Port Said. N Egypt 31°17´N 32°18´E 81 O14 Bur Tinle Nugaal, C Somalia

30°46´N 98°14´W

35 O3 Burney California, W USA

Burrendong Reservoir d New South Wales, SE Australia Burren Junction New South Wales, SE Australia

07°50´N 48°01´E

159 Q11 Burhan Budai Shan m C China 136 B12 Burhaniye Balıkesir, W Turkey 39°29´N 26°59´E 154 G12 Burhānpur Madhya Pradesh, C India 21°18´N 76°14´E 127 W7 Buribay Respublika Bashkortostan, W Russian Federation 51°57´N 58°11´E 43 O17 Burica, Punta headland Costa Rica/Panama 167 Q10

43°35´N 119°03´W

26 K11 Burns Flat Oklahoma, C USA

32

139 O5 Burghūth, Sabkhat al c E Syria 101 M20 Burglengenfeld Bayern, SE Germany 49°11´N 12°01´E 41 P9 Burgos Tamaulipas, C Mexico 24°55´N 98°46´W 105 N4 Burgos Castilla y León, N Spain 42°21´N 03°41´W 105 N4 Burgos r province Castilla y León, N Spain Burgstadlberg see Hradiště 95 P20 Burgsvik Gotland, SE Sweden 98 L6

97 L17 Burnley NW England, United Kingdom 53°48´N 02°14´W Burnoye see Bauyrzhan Momyshuly 153 R15 Burnpur West Bengal, NE India 23°39´N 86°55´E 32 K14 Burns Oregon, NW USA

Burton on Trent see Burton upon Trent Burton upon Trent var. Burton on Trent, Burton-upon-Trent. C England, United Kingdom 52°48´N 01°36´W Burträsk Västerbotten, N Sweden 64°31´N 20°40´E Burubaytal see Burybaytal Burujird see Borūjerd Burultokay see Fuhai Burūm SE Yemen 14°22´N 48°53´E Burunday see Boralday Burundi off. Republic of Burundi; prev. Kingdom of Burundi, Urundi. b republic C Africa Burundi, Kingdom of see Burundi Burundi, Republic of see Burundi Buru, Pulau prev. Boeroe. island E Indonesia Burutu Delta, S Nigeria 05°18´N 05°32´E Burwash Landing Yukon, W Canada 61°26´N 139°12´W Burwell Nebraska, C USA 41°46´N 99°04´W Bury NW England, United Kingdom 53°36´N 02°17´W Buryatiya, Respublika prev. Buryatskaya ASSR. r autonomous republic S Russian Federation Buryatskaya ASSR see Buryatiya, Respublika Burybaytal prev. Burubaytal. Zhambyl, SE Kazakhstan 44°56´N 73°59´E Buryn’ Sums’ka Oblast’, NE Ukraine 51°13´N 33°50´E Bury St Edmunds hist. Beodericsworth. E England, United Kingdom 52°15´N 00°43´E Bŭrziya see Barzia Busalla Liguria, NW Italy 44°35´N 08°55´E Busan off. Pusangwangyŏksi, var. Vusan; prev. Pusan, Jap. Fusan. SE South Korea 35°11´N 129°04´E Buşayrah Dayr az Zawr, E Syria 35°10´N 40°25´E Buševa see Baba Būshehr off. Ostān-e Būshehr. r province SW Iran Būshehr/Bushire see Bandar-e Būshehr Būshehr, Ostān-e see Būshehr Bushland Texas, SW USA 35°11´N 102°04´W Bushnell Illinois, N USA 40°33´N 90°30´W Busi see Biševo Busia Western, W Kenya 0°28´N 34°07´E Busia SE Uganda 01°20´N 34°48´E Busia r county W Kenya Busiasch see Buziaş Businga Equateur, NW Dem. Rep. Congo 03°20´N 20°53´E Busira j NW Dem. Rep. Congo Bus’k Rus. Busk. L’vivs’ka Oblast’, W Ukraine 49°59´N 24°34´E

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

79 P18

107 K25 99 M20 166 J5 61 I16 81 F17 23 N6

31 Q11 27 R5 18 B14 194 K5 21 U8 171 P14

113 L23 23 N3 33 Q10 29 O12 168 J7 83 J25 13 O3 35 R13 171 Q7

126 M8

153 O11 101 G17 100 L9 80 N13 81 N16

80 P12 81 L19 99 M22 162 H8

146 L11 146 J11 100 I10 97 L18 124 M14

162 D6

51°35´S 68°58´W Bustan see Bo‘ston Buşteni Prahova, SE Romania 45°23´N 25°32´E Busto Arsizio Lombardia, N Italy 45°37´N 08°51´E Bŭston Rus. Buston. NW Tajikistan 40°31´N 69°21´E Büsum Schleswig-Holstein, N Germany 54°08´N 08°52´E Bussum Noord-Holland, C Netherlands 52°17´N 05°10´E Buta Orientale, N Dem. Rep. Congo 02°50´N 24°41´E Butare prev. Astrida. S Rwanda 02°39´S 29°44´E Butaritari atoll Tungaru, W Kiribati Butawal see Butwal Bute cultural region SW Scotland, United Kingdom

Büteeliyn Nuruu m N Mongolia Bute Inlet fjord British Columbia, W Canada Bute, Island of island SW Scotland, United Kingdom Butembo Nord-Kivu, NE Dem. Rep. Congo 0°09´N 29°17´E Bûtenpost see Buitenpost Butera Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 37°12´N 14°12´E Bütgenbach Liège, E Belgium 50°25´N 06°12´E Butha Qi see Zalantun Buthidaung Rakhine State, W Myanmar (Burma) 20°50´N 92°25´E Butiá Rio Grande do Sul, S Brazil 30°09´S 51°55´W Butiaba NW Uganda 01°48´N 31°21´E Butler Alabama, S USA 32°05´N 88°13´W Butler Georgia, SE USA 32°33´N 84°14´W Butler Indiana, N USA 41°25´N 84°52´W Butler Missouri, C USA 38°17´N 94°21´W Butler Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°51´N 79°52´W Butler Island island Antarctica Butner North Carolina, SE USA 36°07´N 78°45´W Buton, Pulau var. Pulau Butung; prev. Boetoeng. island C Indonesia Bütow see Bytów Butrintit, Liqeni i c S Albania Buttahatchee River j Alabama/Mississippi, S USA Butte Montana, NW USA 46°01´N 112°33´W Butte Nebraska, C USA 42°54´N 98°51´W Butterworth Pinang, Peninsular Malaysia 05°24´N 100°22´E Butterworth var. Gcuwa. Eastern Cape, SE South Africa 32°20´S 28°09´E Button Islands island group Nunavut, NE Canada Buttonwillow California, W USA 35°24´N 119°26´W Butuan off. Butuan City. Mindanao, S Philippines 08°57´N 125°33´E Butuan City see Butuan Butung, Pulau see Buton, Pulau Butuntum see Bitonto Buturlinovka Voronezhskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 50°48´N 40°33´E Butwal var. Butawal. Western, C Nepal 27°41´N 83°28´E Butzbach Hessen, W Germany 50°26´N 08°40´E Bützow MecklenburgVorpommern, N Germany 53°49´N 11°58´E Buuhoodle Togdheer, N Somalia 08°18´N 46°15´E Buulobarde var. Buulo Berde. Hiiraan, C Somalia 03°52´N 45°37´E Buulo Berde see Buulobarde Buuraha Cal Miskaat m NE Somalia Buur Gaabo Jubbada Hoose, S Somalia 01°14´S 41°48´E Buurgplaatz l N Luxembourg 50°09´N 06°02´E Buutsagaan var. Buyant. Bayanhongor, C Mongolia 46°07´N 98°45´E Buwayrāt al Hasūn see Bu’ayrāt al Ḩasūn Buxoro var. Bokhara, Rus. Bukhara. Buxoro Viloyati, C Uzbekistan 39°51´N 64°23´E Buxoro Viloyati Rus. Bukharskaya Oblast’. r province C Uzbekistan Buxtehude Niedersachsen, NW Germany 53°29´N 09°42´E Buxton C England, United Kingdom 53°18´N 01°52´W Buy var. Buj. Kostromskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 58°27´N 41°31´E Buyanbat see Jargalant Buyant Bayan-Ölgiy, W Mongolia 48°31´N 89°36´E Buyant see Buutsagaan, Bayanhongor, Mongolia

Administrative Regions International Airport

163 N10 162 M7 127 Q16 119 L20

Buyant see Otgon, Dzavhan, Mongolia Buyant see Galshar, Hentiy, Mongolia Buyant-Uhaa Dornogovĭ, SE Mongolia 44°52´N 110°12´E Buyant Ukha k (Ulaanbaatar) Töv, N Mongolia Buynaksk Respublika Dagestan, SW Russian Federation 42°53´N 47°03´E Buynavichy Rus. Buynovichi. Homyel’skaya Voblasts’, SE Belarus 51°52´N 28°33´E

Buynovichi see Buynavichy 76 L16 Buyo SW Ivory Coast 06°16´N 07°03´W

76 L16 Buyo, Lac de d W Ivory Coast 163 R7 Buyr Nuur var. Buir Nur. c China/Mongolia see also Buir Nur Buyr Nuur see Buir Nur 137 T13 Büyükağrı Dağı var. Aghri Dagh, Agri Dagi, Koh I Noh, Masis, Eng. Great Ararat, Mount Ararat. l E Turkey 39°43´N 44°19´E

137 R15 Büyük Çayı j NE Turkey 114 O13 Büyük Çekmece İstanbul, NW Turkey 41°02´N 28°35´E 114 N12 Büyükkarıştıran Kırklareli, NW Turkey 41°17´N 27°33´E

115 L14 Büyükkemikli Burnu cape NW Turkey 136 E15 Büyükmenderes Nehri j SW Turkey Büyükzap Suyu see Great Zab 102 M9 Buzançais Indre, C France 46°53´N 01°25´E

116 K13 Buzău Buzău, SE Romania 45°08´N 26°51´E

116 K13 Buzău r county SE Romania 116 L12 Buzău j E Romania 75 S11 Buzaymah var. Bzīmah. SE Libya 24°53´N 22°01´E 164 E13 Buzen Fukuoka, Kyūshū, SW Japan 33°37´N 131°06´E 116 F12 Buziaş Ger. Busiasch, Hung. Buziásfürdő; prev. Buziás. Timiș, W Romania

83 M18 117 Q10 127 T6 127 N8 145 O8 19 P12 19 P13 83 G16 186 H10

187 R13 119 K14 114 K8 114 N9

114 H8 119 N15

119 L14 119 G19

119 H16

111 O14 118 N11 111 I14 110 I10 119 H19

119 I17

45°38´N 21°36´E Buziás see Buziaş Buziásfürdő see Buziaş Búzi, Rio j C Mozambique Buz’kyy Lyman bay S Ukraine Büzmeýin see Abadan Buzuluk Orenburgskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 52°47´N 52°16´E Buzuluk j SW Russian Federation Buzuluk see Buzylyk Buzylyk prev. Buzuluk. Akmola, C Kazakhstan 51°53´N 66°09´E Buzzards Bay Massachusetts, NE USA 41°45´N 70°37´W Buzzards Bay bay Massachusetts, NE USA Bwabata Caprivi, NE Namibia 17°52´S 22°39´E Bwagaoia Misima Island, SE Papua New Guinea 10°39´S 152°48´E Bwake see Bouaké Bwatnapne Pentecost, C Vanuatu 15°42´S 168°07´E Byahoml’ Rus. Begoml’. Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’, N Belarus 54°44´N 28°04´E Byala Ruse, N Bulgaria 43°27´N 25°44´E Byala prev. Ak-Dere. Varna, E Bulgaria 42°52´N 27°53´E Byala Reka see Erythropótamos Byala Slatina Vratsa, NW Bulgaria 43°28´N 23°56´E Byalynichy Rus. Belynichi. Mahilyowskaya Voblasts’, E Belarus 54°00´N 29°42´E Byan Tumen see Choybalsan Byarezina prev. Byerezino, Rus. Berezina. j C Belarus Byaroza Pol. Bereza Kartuska, Rus. Berëza. Brestskaya Voblasts’, SW Belarus 52°32´N 24°59´E Byarozawka Rus. Berëzovka. Hrodzyenskaya Voblasts’, W Belarus 53°45´N 25°30´E Bybles see Jbaïl Bychawa Lubelskie, SE Poland 51°06´N 22°34´E Bychikha see Bychykha Bychykha Rus. Bychikha. Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’, NE Belarus 55°41´N 29°59´E Byczyna Ger. Pitschen. Opolskie, S Poland 51°06´N 18°13´E Bydgoszcz Ger. Bromberg. Kujawski-pomorskie, C Poland 53°06´N 18°00´E Byelaazyorsk Rus. Beloozersk. Brestskaya Voblasts’, SW Belarus 52°28´N 25°10´E Byelaruskaya Hrada Rus. Belorusskaya Gryada. ridge N Belarus

119 G18 Byelavyezhskaya Pushcha Pol. Puszcza Białowieska, Rus. Belovezhskaya Pushcha. forest Belarus/Poland see also Białowieska, Puszcza Byelavyezhskaya, Pushcha see Białowieska, Puszcza 119 H15 Byenyakoni Rus. Benyakoni. Hrodzyenskaya Voblasts’, W Belarus 54°15´N 25°22´E 119 M16 Byerazino Rus. Berezino. Minskaya Voblasts’, C Belarus 53°50´N 29°00´E

118 L13 Byerazino Rus. Berezino. Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’, N Belarus 54°54´N 28°12´E Byerezino see Byarezina 118 M13 Byeshankovichy Rus. Beshenkovichi. Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’, N Belarus 55°03´N 29°27´E

95 E17 Byglandsfjord Aust-Agder, S Norway 58°42´N 07°51´E 119 N16 Bykhaw Rus. Bykhov. Mahilyowskaya Voblasts’, E Belarus 53°31´N 30°15´E Bykhov see Bykhaw 127 P9 Bykovo Volgogradskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 49°52´N 45°24´E 123 P7 Bykovskiy Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 71°57´N 129°07´E 195 R12 Byrd Glacier glacier Antarctica 14 K10 Byrd, Lac c Québec, SE Canada 183 P5 Byrock New South Wales, SE Australia 30°40´S 146°24´E 30 L10 Byron Illinois, N USA

28°37´S 153°40´E 63 F21 Byron, Isla island S Chile Byron Island see Nikunau 65 B24 Byron Sound sound NW Falkland Islands

122 M6 Byrranga, Gory m N Russian Federation 93 J14 Byske Västerbotten, N Sweden 64°58´N 21°10´E 111 K18 Bystrá l N Slovakia 49°10´N 19°49´E

111 F18 Bystřice nad Pernštejnem Ger. Bistritz ober Pernstein. Vysočina, C Czech Republic 49°32´N 16°16´E

Bystrovka see Kemin 111 G16 Bystrzyca Kłodzka Ger. Habelschwerdt. Wałbrzych, SW Poland 50°19´N 16°39´E 111 I18 Bytča Zílinský Kraj, N Slovakia 49°15´N 18°32´E 119 L15 Bytcha Minskaya Voblasts’, NE Belarus 54°19´N 28°24´E Byteń/Byten’ see Bytsyen’ 111 J16 Bytom Ger. Beuthen. Śląskie, S Poland 50°21´N 18°51´E 110 H7 Bytów Ger. Bütow. Pomorskie, N Poland 54°10´N 17°30´E

119 H18 Bytsyen’ Pol. Byteń, Rus. Byten’. Brestskaya Voblasts’, SW Belarus 52°53´N 25°30´E 81 E19 Byumba var. Biumba. N Rwanda 01°37´S 30°05´E Byuzmeyin see Abadan 119 O20 Byval’ki Homyel’skaya Voblasts’, SE Belarus 51°51´N 30°38´E

95 O20 Byxelkrok Kalmar, S Sweden 57°18´N 17°01´E Byzantium see İstanbul Bzīmah see Buzaymah

C 62 O6 Caacupé Cordillera, S Paraguay 25°23´S 57°05´W 62 P6 Caaguazú off. Departamento de Caaguazú. r department C Paraguay Caaguazú, Departamento de see Caaguazú 82 C13 Caála var. Kaala, Robert Williams, Port. Vila Robert Williams. Huambo, C Angola 62 P7 62 P7

81 P15 55 N10 44 F5

37 Q14 40 L6 104 L2 42 B9 171 O3

15 T8 104 L11 45 V5 105 N2 61 B23

54 H5 82 A9 82 A9 33 N7 82 B11 63 J20 82 P13 14 L9 27 V7 183 V2

31 U13 Byesville Ohio, N USA 119 P18 119 H19 93 J15 94 F12 93 J15 95 E17

39°58´N 81°32´W Byesyedz’ Rus. Besed’. j SE Belarus Byezdzyezh Rus. Bezdezh. Brestskaya Voblasts’, SW Belarus 52°19´N 25°18´E Bygdeå Västerbotten, N Sweden 64°03´N 20°49´E Bygdin c S Norway Bygdsiljum Västerbotten, N Sweden 64°20´N 20°31´E Bygland Aust-Agder, S Norway 58°46´N 07°50´E

Mountain Mountain Range

Volcano River

42°06´N 89°15´W

Byron Bay New South Wales, SE Australia 28°39´S 153°34´E 183 V4 Byron, Cape headland New South Wales, E Australia 183 V4

40 F3

27 V11 14 F12 13 R13

12°51´S 15°33´E Caazapá Caazapá, S Paraguay 26°09´S 56°21´W Caazapá off. Departamento de Caazapá. r department SE Paraguay

Caazapá, Departamento de see Caazapá Cabaad, Raas headland C Somalia 06°13´N 49°01´E Cabadisocaña Amazonas, S Venezuela 04°28´N 64°45´W Cabaiguán Sancti Spíritus, C Cuba 22°04´N 79°32´W Caballeria, Cabo see Cavalleria, Cap de Caballo Reservoir d New Mexico, SW USA Caballos Mesteños, Llano de los plain N Mexico Cabanaquinta Asturias, N Spain 43°10´N 05°37´W Cabañas r department E El Salvador Cabanatuan off. Cabanatuan City. Luzon, N Philippines 15°27´N 120°57´E Cabanatuan City see Cabanatuan Cabano Québec, SE Canada 47°40´N 68°56´W Cabeza del Buey Extremadura, W Spain 38°44´N 05°13´W Cabezas de San Juan headland E Puerto Rico 18°23´N 65°37´W Cabezón de la Sal Cantabria, N Spain 43°19´N 04°14´W Cabhán see Cavan Cabildo Buenos Aires, E Argentina 38°28´S 61°50´W Cabillonum see Chalon-sur-Saône Cabimas Zulia, NW Venezuela 10°26´N 71°27´W Cabinda var. Kabinda. Cabinda, NW Angola 05°34´S 12°12´E Cabinda var. Kabinda. r province NW Angola Cabinet Mountains m Idaho/Montana, NW USA Cabiri Bengo, NW Angola 08°50´S 13°42´E Cabo Blanco Santa Cruz, SE Argentina 47°13´S 65°43´W Cabo Delgado off. Província de Capo Delgado. r province NE Mozambique Cabonga, Réservoir d Québec, SE Canada Cabool Missouri, C USA 37°07´N 92°06´W Caboolture Queensland, E Australia 27°05´S 152°50´E Cabora Bassa, Lake see Cahora Bassa, Albufeira de Caborca Sonora, NW Mexico 30°44´N 112°06´W Cabo San Lucas see San Lucas Cabot Arkansas, C USA 34°58´N 92°01´W Cabot Head headland Ontario, S Canada 45°13´N 81°17´W Cabot Strait strait E Canada Cabo Verde, Ilhas do see Cape Verde

Lake Reservoir

104 M14 Cabra Andalucía, S Spain 37°28´N 04°28´W

107 B19 Cabras Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 39°55´N 08°30´E

188 A15 Cabras Island island W Guam 45 O8 Cabrera N Dominican Republic 19°40´N 69°54´W 104 J4 Cabrera j NW Spain 105 X10 Cabrera, Illa de anc. Capraria. island Islas Baleares, Spain, W Mediterranean Sea 105 Q15 Cabrera, Sierra m S Spain 11 S16 Cabri Saskatchewan, S Canada 50°38´N 108°28´W 105 R10 Cabriel j E Spain 54 M7 Cabruta Guárico, C Venezuela 07°39´N 66°19´W 171 N2 Cabugao Luzon, N Philippines 17°55´N 120°29´E 54 G10 Cabuyaro Meta, C Colombia 04°21´N 72°47´W

60 I13 Caçador Santa Catarina, S Brazil 26°47´S 51°00´W 42 G8 Cacaguatique, Cordillera var. Cordillera. m NE El Salvador 112 L13 Čačak Serbia, C Serbia 43°52´N 20°23´E

55 Y10 Cacao NE French Guiana 04°37´N 52°29´W

61 H16 Caçapava do Sul Rio Grande do Sul, S Brazil 30°28´S 53°29´W 21 U3 Cacapon River j West Virginia, NE USA 107 J23 Caccamo Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 37°56´N 13°40´E

107 A17 Caccia, Capo headland Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 40°34´N 08°09´E

146 H15 Çäçe var. Chäche, Rus. Chaacha. Ahal Welaýaty, S Turkmenistan 36°49´N 60°33´E

59 G18 Cáceres Mato Grosso, W Brazil 16°05´S 57°40´W 104 J10 Cáceres Ar. Qazris. Extremadura, W Spain

39°29´N 06°23´W Cáceres r province Extremadura, W Spain Cachacrou see Scotts Head Village C21 Cacharí Buenos Aires, E Argentina 36°24´S 59°32´W L12 Cache Oklahoma, C USA 34°37´N 98°37´W M16 Cache Creek British Columbia, SW Canada 50°49´N 121°20´W N6 Cache Creek j California, W USA S3 Cache La Poudre River j Colorado, C USA Cacheo see Cacheu W11 Cache River j Arkansas, C USA L17 Cache River j Illinois, N USA G12 Cacheu var. Cacheo. W Guinea-Bissau 12°12´N 16°10´W I15 Cachimbo Pará, NE Brazil 09°21´S 54°58´W H15 Cachimbo, Serra do m C Brazil D13 Cachingues Bié, C Angola 13°05´S 16°48´E G7 Cáchira Norte de Santander, N Colombia 07°44´N 73°07´W H16 Cachoeira do Sul Rio Grande do Sul, S Brazil 29°58´S 52°54´W O20 Cachoeiro de Itapemirim Espírito Santo, SE Brazil 20°51´S 41°07´W E12 Cacolo Lunda Sul, NE Angola 10°09´S 19°21´E C14 Caconda Huíla, C Angola 13°43´S 15°03´E A9 Cacongo Cabinda, NW Angola 05°13´S 12°08´E U9 Cactus Peak l Nevada, W USA 37°42´N 116°51´W A11 Cacuaco Luanda, NW Angola 08°47´S 13°21´E B14 Cacula Huíla, SW Angola 14°33´S 14°04´E R12 Caculuvar j SW Angola O19 Caçumba, Ilha island SE Brazil N10 Cacuri Amazonas, S Venezuela N17 Cadale Shabeellaha Dhexe, E Somalia 02°48´N 46°19´E X4 Cadaqués Cataluña, NE Spain 42°17´N 03°16´E J18 Čadca Hung. Csaca. Zílinský Kraj, N Slovakia 49°27´N 18°46´E P13 Caddo Oklahoma, C USA 34°07´N 96°15´W R6 Caddo Texas, SW USA 32°42´N 98°40´W X6 Caddo Lake d Louisiana/ Texas, SW USA S12 Caddo Mountains m Arkansas, C USA O8 Cadereyta Nuevo León, NE Mexico 25°35´N 99°54´W J19 Cader Idris l NW Wales, United Kingdom 52°43´N 03°57´W F3 Cadibarrawirracanna, Lake salt lake South Australia I7 Cadillac Québec, SE Canada 48°12´N 78°23´W T17 Cadillac Saskatchewan, S Canada 49°43´N 107°41´W K13 Cadillac Gironde, SW France 44°37´N 00°16´W P7 Cadillac Michigan, N USA 44°15´N 85°23´W V4 Cadí, Toretta de prev. Torre de Cadí. l NE Spain 42°16´N 01°38´E Torre de Cadí see Cadí, Toretta de P5 Cadiz off. Cadiz City. Negros, C Philippines 10°58´N 123°18´E J15 Cádiz anc. Gades, Gadier, Gadir, Gadire. Andalucía, SW Spain 36°32´N 06°18´W H7 Cadiz Kentucky, S USA 36°52´N 87°50´W U13 Cadiz Ohio, N USA 40°16´N 81°00´W K15 Cádiz r province Andalucía, SW Spain I15 Cadiz, Bahía de bay SW Spain Cadiz City see Cadiz H15 Cádiz, Golfo de Eng. Gulf of Cadiz. gulf Portugal/Spain Cadiz, Gulf of see Cádiz, Golfo de X14 Cadiz Lake c California, W USA

104 J9

61 26 10 35 37 27 30 76 59 59 82 54 61 59 82 83 82 35 82 83 67 59 55 81 105 111 27 25 25 27 41 97 182 14 11 102 31 105

171 104 20 31 104 104 104

35

231

Cadney Homestead – Canton Cadney Homestead South Australia 27°52´S 134°03´E Cadurcum see Cahors Caecae see Xaixai 102 K4 Caen Calvados, N France 182 E2

49°10´N 00°20´W

Caene/Caenepolis see Qinā Caerdydd see Cardiff Caer Glou see Gloucester Caer Gybi see Holyhead Caerleon see Chester Caer Luel see Carlisle 97 I18 Caernarfon var. Caernarvon, Carnarvon. NW Wales, United Kingdom 53°08´N 04°16´W

97 H18 Caernarfon Bay bay NW  Wales, United Kingdom 97 I19 Caernarvon cultural region NW Wales, United Kingdom Caernarvon see Caernarfon Caesaraugusta see Zaragoza Caesarea Mazaca see Kayseri Caesarobriga see Talavera de la Reina Caesarodunum see Tours Caesaromagus see Beauvais Caesena see Cesena 59 N17 Caetité Bahia, E Brazil 62 J6 171 O2 171 Q7

14°04´S 42°29´W

Cafayate Salta, N Argentina

26°02´S 66°00´W Cagayan j Luzon, N Philippines Cagayan de Oro off. Cagayan de Oro City. Mindanao, S Philippines 08°29´N 124°38´E Cagayan de Oro City see Cagayan de Oro

170 M8 Cagayan de Tawi Tawi island S Philippines 171 N6 Cagayan Islands island group C Philippines 31 O14 Cagles Mill Lake d Indiana, N USA 106 I12 Cagli Marche, C Italy 43°33´N 12°39´E

107 C20 Cagliari anc. Caralis. Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 39°15´N 09°06´E

107 C20 Cagliari, Golfo di gulf Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 103 U15 Cagnes-sur-Mer AlpesMaritimes, SE France 54 L5 171 O1

43°40´N 07°09´E Cagua Aragua, N Venezuela 10°09´N 67°27´W Cagua, Mount l  Luzon, N Philippines 18°10´N 122°03´E

56 B11 Cajamarca off. Departamento de Cajamarca. r department N Peru Cajamarca, Departamento de see Cajamarca 103 N14 Cajarc Lot, S France

20 I6

42 G6 Cajón, Represa El d NW Honduras 58 N12 Caju, Ilha do island NE Brazil 159 R10 Caka Yanhu c C China 112 E7 Čakovec Ger. Csakathurn, Hung. Csáktornya; prev. Ger. Tschakathurn. Medimurje, N Croatia 46°24´N 16°29´E 77 V17 Calabar Cross River, S Nigeria 04°56´N 08°25´E 14 K13 Calabogie Ontario, SE Canada 45°18´N 76°46´W 54 L6 Calabozo Guárico, C Venezuela 08°58´N 67°28´W 107 N20 Calabria anc. Bruttium. r region SW Italy 104 M16 Calaburra, Punta de headland S Spain

54 D11 Cali Valle del Cauca, W Colombia 03°24´N 76°30´W 27 V9 Calico Rock Arkansas, C USA 36°07´N 92°08´W 155 F21 Calicut var. Kozhikode. Kerala, SW India 11°17´N 75°49´E see also Kozhikode 35 Y9 Caliente Nevada, W USA

44°28´N 01°51´E

36°30´N 04°38´W

116 G14 Calafat Dolj, SW Romania 43°59´N 22°57´E

Calafate see El Calafate 105 Q4 Calahorra La Rioja, N Spain 103 N1 19 T5

62 H4

170 M5 105 R7 29 N14 116 G12 105 S7 168 F9 171 N4 116 M9

54 F13 Caguán, Río j SW Colombia 45 U6 Caguas E Puerto Rico

116 L14

146 C9

54 E10

23 P5

18°14´N 66°02´W Çagyl Rus. Chagyl. Balkan Welaýaty, NW Turkmenistan 40°48´N 55°21´E Cahaba River j Alabama, S USA

Cahabón, Río j C Guatemala 83 B15 Cahama Cunene, SW Angola 42 E5

16°16´S 14°23´E

97 B21 Caha Mountains Ir. An Cheacha. m SW Ireland 97 D20 Caher Ir. An Cathair. S Ireland 52°21´N 07°58´W 97 A21 Caherciveen Ir. Cathair Saidhbhín. SW Ireland 51°56´N 10°12´W

30 K15 Cahokia Illinois, N USA

116 K14

105 Q12 107 I23 105 Q6 171 O4

Calaveras River j California, W USA 171 N4 Calavite, Cape headland Mindoro, N Philippines 35 P8

13°25´N 120°16´E Calbayog off. Calbayog City. Samar, C Philippines 12°08´N 124°36´E Calbayog City see Calbayog Calcasieu Lake c Louisiana, S USA

171 Q8

38°34´N 90°11´W

83 L15 Cahora Bassa, Albufeira de var. Lake Cabora Bassa. d NW Mozambique 97 G20 Cahore Point Ir. Rinn Chathóir. headland SE Ireland 102 M14 56 D9 116 M12

83 N16 59 J19 44 F5 55 O5 54 L5 59 P14 44 M6 44 L5 161 O9

180 M12

52°33´N 06°11´W Cahors anc. Cadurcum. Lot, S France 44°26´N 01°27´E Cahuapanas, Río j N Peru Cahul Rus. Kagul. S Moldova 45°53´N 28°13´E Cahul, Lacul see Kahul, Ozero Caia Sofala, C Mozambique 17°50´S 35°21´E Caiapó, Serra do m C Brazil Caibarién Villa Clara, C Cuba 22°31´N 79°29´W Caicara Monagas, NE Venezuela 09°52´N 63°38´W Caicara del Orinoco Bolívar, C Venezuela 07°38´N 66°10´W Caicó Rio Grande do Norte, E Brazil 06°25´S 37°04´W Caicos Islands island group W Turks and Caicos Islands Caicos Passage strait The Bahamas/Turks and Caicos Islands Caidian prev. Hanyang. Hubei, C China 30°37´N 114°02´E Caiffa see Hefa Caiguna Western Australia 32°14´S 125°33´E Caillí, Ceann see Hag’s Head

42°19´N 01°58´W Calais Pas-de-Calais, N France 51°N 01°54´E Calais Maine, NE USA 45°09´N 67°15´W Calais, Pas de see Dover, Strait of Calalen see Kallalen Calama Antofagasta, N Chile 22°26´S 68°54´W Calamianes see Calamian Group Calamian Group var. Calamianes. island group W Philippines Calamocha Aragón, NE Spain 40°54´N 01°18´W Calamus River j Nebraska, C USA Călan Ger. Kalan, Hung. Pusztakalán. Hunedoara, SW Romania 45°45´N 22°59´E Calanda Aragón, NE Spain 40°56´N 00°15´W Calang Sumatera, W Indonesia 04°37´N 95°37´E Calapan Mindoro, N Philippines 13°24´N 121°08´E Călăras see Călăraşi Călăraşi var. Călăras, Rus. Kalarash. C Moldova 47°19´N 28°13´E Călăraşi Călărași, SE Romania 44°18´N 26°52´E Călăraşi r county SE Romania Calarca Quindío, W Colombia 04°31´N 75°38´W Calasparra Murcia, SE Spain 38°14´N 01°41´W Calatafimi Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 37°54´N 12°52´E Calatayud Aragón, NE Spain 41°21´N 01°39´W Calauag Luzon, N Philippines 13°57´N 122°18´E

22 G9

22 H8 Calcasieu River j Louisiana, S USA 56 B6 Calceta Manabí, W Ecuador 0°51´S 80°07´W

61 B16 Calchaquí Santa Fe, C Argentina 29°56´S 60°14´W 62 J6 Calchaquí, Río j NW Argentina 58 J10 Calçoene Amapá, NE Brazil 02°29´N 51°01´W 153 S16 Calcutta k West Bengal, N India 22°30´N 88°20´E Calcutta see Kolkata 54 E9 Caldas off. Departamento de Caldas. r province W Colombia 104 F10 Caldas da Rainha Leiria, W Portugal 39°24´N 09°08´W

Caldas, Departamento de see Caldas 104 G3 Caldas de Reis var. Caldas de Reyes. Galicia, NW Spain 42°36´N 08°39´W

Caldas de Reyes see Caldas de Reis 58 F13 Caldeirão Amazonas, NW Brazil 03°18´S 60°22´W 62 G7 Caldera Atacama, N Chile 27°05´S 70°48´W

42 L14 Caldera Puntarenas, W Costa Rica 09°55´N 84°51´W 105 N10 Calderina l C Spain

30°01´N 31°18´E Cairo Georgia, SE USA 30°52´N 84°12´W 30 L17 Cairo Illinois, N USA 37°00´N 89°10´W 75 V8 Cairo k C Egypt 30°06´N 31°36´E Caiseal see Cashel

23 T8

Caisleán an Bharraigh see Castlebar Caisleán na Finne see Castlefinn 96 J6 Caithness cultural region N Scotland, United Kingdom 83 D15 Caiundo Kuando Kubango, S Angola 15°41´S 17°28´E 56 C11 Cajamarca prev. Caxamarca. Cajamarca, NW Peru 07°09´S 78°32´W

232

83 I23 42 G1

29 X11 105 X5

23 P4 63 I19 35 X17 97 H16 11 Q16 11 Q16 37 U5 64 O5 23 R2

83 41 182

182 102

35 U5 Callaghan, Mount l Nevada, W USA 97 E19 14 H11 96 I11 98 H7 57 D14 57 D15

28°21´N 113°26´W

57 G18 Camana var. Camaná. Arequipa, SW Peru

16°37´S 72°42´W 29 Z14 Camanche Iowa, C USA 41°47´N 90°15´W

Camanche Reservoir d California, W USA 61 I16 Camaquã Rio Grande do Sul, S Brazil 30°50´S 51°47´W 61 H16 Camaquã, Rio j S Brazil 64 P6 Câmara de Lobos Madeira, Portugal, NE Atlantic Ocean 35 P8

32°38´N 16°59´W

103 U16 Camarat, Cap headland SE France 43°12´N 06°42´E 41 O8 Camargo Tamaulipas, C Mexico 26°16´N 98°49´W 103 R15 Camargue physical region SE France 104 F2 Camariñas Galicia, NW Spain 43°07´N 09°10´W Camaronero, Laguna del see Caimanero, Laguna del 63 J18 Camarones Chubut, S Argentina 44°48´S 65°42´W 63 J18 Camarones, Bahía bay S Argentina 104 J14 Camas Andalucía, S Spain 167 S15 82 E11 104 G3

97 N22 167 R12

102 I16 103 P2

104 H2 35 O12

105 S12 Callosa de Segura Valenciana, E Spain

19 O11

38°40´N 00°08´W 38°07´N 00°53´W

29 X11 Calmar Iowa, C USA

43°10´N 91°51´W Calmar see Kalmar 43 R16 Calobre Veraguas, C Panama 08°18´N 80°49´W

23 X14 Caloosahatchee River j Florida, SE USA 183 V2 Caloundra Queensland, E Australia 26°48´S 153°08´E Calp see Calpe 105 T11 Calpe Cat. Calp. Valenciana, E Spain 38°39´N 00°03´E 41 P14 Calpulalpan Tlaxcala, S Mexico 19°36´N 98°26´W 107 K25 Caltagirone Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea

97 O20 32 M12 30 K11 21 Y4

29 V7 29 N16 31 U13 8

L7

97 O20 105 U6

37°14´N 14°31´E

107 J24 Caltanissetta Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 82 E11 82 C12 82 B12 83 B14

25 U9 20 H7 103 X14 40 L12 83 F24 104 K8 101 G22

37°30´N 14°01´E Caluango Lunda Norte, NE Angola 08°16´S 19°36´E Calucinga Bié, W Angola 11°18´S 16°12´E Calulo Kwanza Sul, NW Angola 09°58´S 14°56´E Caluquembe Huíla, W Angola 13°47´S 14°40´E Caluula Bari, NE Somalia 11°55´N 50°51´E Calvados r department N France Calvados Chain, The island group SE Papua New Guinea Calvert Texas, SW USA 30°58´N 96°40´W Calvert City Kentucky, S USA 37°01´N 88°21´W Calvi Corse, France, C Mediterranean Sea 42°34´N 08°44´E Calvillo Aguascalientes, C Mexico 21°51´N 102°18´W Calvinia Northern Cape, W South Africa 31°25´S 19°47´E Calvitero l W Spain 40°16´N 05°48´W Calw Baden-Württemberg, SW Germany 48°43´N 08°43´E Calydon see Kalydón

105 N11 Calzada de Calatrava Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain

38°42´N 03°46´W Cama see Kama 82 C11 Camabatela Kwanza Norte, NW Angola 08°13´S 15°23´E 64 Q5 Camacha Porto Santo, Madeira, Portugal, NE Atlantic Ocean 32°41´N 16°52´W

Camachigama, Lac c Québec, SE Canada 40 M9 Camacho Zacatecas, C Mexico 24°23´N 102°20´W 82 D13 Camacupa var. General Machado, Port. Vila General Machado. Bié, C Angola 12°S 17°31´E 54 L7 Camaguán Guárico, C Venezuela 08°09´N 67°37´W 14 L8

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

37°24´N 06°01´W Ca Mau var. Quan Long. Minh Hai, S Vietnam 09°11´N 105°09´E Camaxilo Lunda Norte, NE Angola 08°19´S 18°53´E Cambados Galicia, NW Spain 42°31´N 08°49´W Cambay, Gulf of see Khambhāt, Gulf of Camberia see Chambéry Camberley SE England, United Kingdom 51°21´N 00°45´W Cambodia off. Kingdom of Cambodia, var. Democratic Kampuchea, Roat Kampuchea, Cam. Kampuchea; prev. People’s Democratic Republic of Kampuchea. b republic SE Asia Cambodia, Kingdom of see Cambodia Cambo-les-Bains PyrénéesAtlantiques, SW France 43°22´N 01°24´W Cambrai Flem. Kambryk, prev. Cambray; anc. Cameracum. Nord, N France 50°10´N 03°14´E Cambray see Cambrai Cambre Galicia, NW Spain 43°18´N 08°21´W Cambria California, W USA 35°33´N 121°04´W

97 J20 Cambrian Mountains m C Wales, United Kingdom 14 G16 Cambridge Ontario, S Canada 43°22´N 80°20´W 44 I12 Cambridge W Jamaica 184 M8

186 I10

Country Country Capital

39°38´N 116°57´W Callain see Callan Callan Ir. Callain. S Ireland 52°33´N 07°23´W Callander Ontario, S Canada 46°14´N 79°21´W Callander C Scotland, United Kingdom 56°15´N 04°16´W Callantsoog NoordHolland, NW Netherlands 52°51´N 04°41´E Callao Callao, W Peru 12°03´S 77°10´W Callao off. Departamento del Callao. r constitutional province W Peru

21°24´N 77°55´W

Callao, Departamento del see Callao 56 F11 Callaria, Río j E Peru Callatis see Mangalia 11 Q13 Calling Lake Alberta, W Canada 55°12´N 113°07´W Callosa de Ensarriá see Callosa d’En Sarrià 105 T11 Callosa d’En Sarrià var. Callosa de Ensarriá. Valenciana, E Spain

102 K4

14 G16

57°07´N 03°38´W

14 G15

34

43°39´N 116°41´W Caldwell Kansas, C USA 37°01´N 97°36´W Caledon Ontario, S Canada 43°51´N 79°58´W Caledon var. Mohokare. j Lesotho/South Africa Caledonia Corozal, N Belize 18°14´N 88°29´W Caledonia Ontario, S Canada 43°04´N 79°57´W Caledonia Minnesota, N USA 43°37´N 91°30´W Calella var. Calella de la Costa. Cataluña, NE Spain 41°37´N 02°40´E Calella de la Costa see Calella Calera Alabama, S USA 33°06´N 86°45´W Caleta Olivia Santa Cruz, SE Argentina 46°21´S 67°37´W Calexico California, W USA 32°39´N 115°28´W Calf of Man island SW Isle of Man Calgary Alberta, SW Canada 51°05´N 114°05´W Calgary k Alberta, SW Canada 51°15´N 114°03´W Calhan Colorado, C USA 39°00´N 104°18´W Calheta Madeira, Portugal, NE Atlantic Ocean 32°42´N 17°12´W Calhoun Georgia, SE USA 34°30´N 84°57´W

Cairngorm Mountains m C Scotland, United Kingdom 39 P12 Cairn Mountain l Alaska, USA 61°07´N 155°23´W 181 W4 Cairns Queensland, NE Australia 16°51´S 145°43´E 121 V13 Cairo var. El Qâhira, Ar. Al Qāhirah. a (Egypt) N Egypt 96 J9

27 N8

34°05´N 82°36´W

44 G5 Camagüey, Archipiélago de island group C Cuba 40 D5 Camalli, Sierra de l NW Mexico

33°07´N 115°30´W Calisia see Kalisz M7 Calistoga California, W USA 38°34´N 122°37´W G25 Calitzdorp Western Cape, SW South Africa 33°32´S 21°41´E W12 Calkiní Campeche, E Mexico 20°21´N 90°03´W K4 Callabonna Creek var. Tilcha Creek. seasonal river New South Wales/South Australia J4 Callabonna, Lake c South Australia G5 Callac Côtes d’Armor, NW France 48°28´N 03°22´W

39°10´N 43°52´E

32 M14 Caldwell Idaho, NW USA

44 G6 Camagüey prev. Puerto Príncipe. Camagüey, C Cuba

35 P11 California Aqueduct aqueduct California, W USA 35 T13 California City California, W USA 35°06´N 117°55´W 40 F6 California, Golfo de Eng. Gulf of California; prev. Sea of Cortez. gulf W Mexico California, Gulf of see California, Golfo de 137 Y13 Cälilabad Rus. Dzhalilabad; prev. Astrakhan-Bazar. S Azerbaijan 39°15´N 48°30´E 116 I12 Călimăneşti Vâlcea, SW Romania 45°14´N 24°20´E 116 J9 Călimani, Munii m N Romania Calinisc see Cupcina 35 X17 Calipatria California, W USA

80 Q11

137 T13 Çaldıran Van, E Turkey

37°32´N 87°15´W

37°37´N 114°30´W 27 U5 California Missouri, C USA 38°39´N 92°35´W 18 B15 California Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°02´N 79°52´W 35 Q12 California off. State of California, also known as El Dorado, The Golden State. r state W USA

39°18´N 03°49´W

40 J11 Caimanero, Laguna del var. Laguna del Camaronero. lagoon E Pacific Ocean 117 N10 Căinari Rus. Kaynary. C Moldova 46°43´N 29°00´E 57 L19 Caine, Río j C Bolivia Caiphas see Hefa 195 N4 Caird Coast physical region Antarctica 96 J9 Cairn Gorm l C Scotland, United Kingdom

Calhoun Kentucky, S USA

22 M3 Calhoun City Mississippi, S USA 33°51´N 89°18´W 21 P12 Calhoun Falls South Carolina, SE USA

137 N11 183 S9 23 O6 27 U14 21 Y3 19 R7 18 I16 18 I9 21 R12 20 H8 25 X9 39 S5 27 U6 18 M7 117 N8 22 G9 25 T9 30 J5 10 M12

18°18´N 77°54´W Cambridge Waikato, North Island, New Zealand 37°53´S 175°28´E Cambridge Lat. Cantabrigia. E England, United Kingdom 52°12´N 00°07´E Cambridge Idaho, NW USA 44°34´N 116°42´W Cambridge Illinois, N USA 41°18´N 90°11´W Cambridge Maryland, NE USA 38°34´N 76°04´W Cambridge Massachusetts, NE USA 42°21´N 71°05´W Cambridge Minnesota, N USA 45°34´N 93°13´W Cambridge Nebraska, C USA 40°18´N 100°10´W Cambridge Ohio, NE USA 40°00´N 81°34´W Cambridge Bay var. Ikaluktutiak. Victoria Island, Nunavut, NW Canada 68°56´N 105°09´W Cambridgeshire cultural region E England, United Kingdom Cambrils prev. Cambrils de Mar. Cataluña, NE Spain 41°06´N 01°02´E Cambrils de Mar see Cambrils Cambundi-Catembo see Nova Gaia Çam Burnu headland N Turkey 41°07´N 37°48´E Camden New South Wales, SE Australia 34°04´S 150°40´E Camden Alabama, S USA 31°59´N 87°17´W Camden Arkansas, C USA 33°32´N 92°49´W Camden Delaware, NE USA 39°06´N 75°30´W Camden Maine, NE USA 44°12´N 69°04´W Camden New Jersey, NE USA 39°55´N 75°07´W Camden New York, NE USA 43°21´N 75°45´W Camden South Carolina, SE USA 34°16´N 80°36´W Camden Tennessee, S USA 36°03´N 88°07´W Camden Texas, SW USA 30°55´N 94°43´W Camden Bay bay S Beaufort Sea Camdenton Missouri, C USA 38°01´N 92°44´W Camellia State see Alabama Camels Hump l Vermont, NE USA 44°18´N 72°50´W Camenca Rus. Kamenka. N Moldova 48°01´N 28°43´E Cameracum see Cambrai Cameron Louisiana, S USA 29°48´N 93°19´W Cameron Texas, SW USA 30°51´N 96°58´W Cameron Wisconsin, N USA 45°25´N 91°42´W Cameron j British Columbia, W Canada

185 A24 Cameron Mountains m South Island, New Zealand 79 D15 Cameroon off. Republic of Cameroon, Fr. Cameroun. b republic W Africa 79 D15 Cameroon Mountain l SW Cameroon 04°12´N 09°00´E

Cameroon, Republic of see Cameroon

Administrative Regions International Airport

79 136 171 23 104 35 107 42 58 106 181 55 151 42 61 63 104 107 27 185 14 31 192 175 10

20 13 183 183 96 41 41 41

64

44 182 167 116

104 104 116 59 60 38 79 59 107 107

105

59 54 105 60 62 59 60 58 104 60 59 60 60

Cameroon Ridge see Camerounaise, Dorsale Cameroun see Cameroon E14 Camerounaise, Dorsale Eng. Cameroon Ridge. ridge NW Cameroon B15 Çamiçi Gölü c SW Turkey N3 Camiling Luzon, N Philippines 15°41´N 120°22´E T7 Camilla Georgia, SE USA 31°13´N 84°12´W G5 Caminha Viana do Castelo, N Portugal 41°52´N 08°50´W P7 Camino California, W USA 38°43´N 120°39´W J24 Cammarata Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 37°36´N 13°39´E K10 Camoapa Boaco, S Nicaragua 12°25´N 85°30´W O13 Camocim Ceará, E Brazil 02°55´S 40°50´W D10 Camogli Liguria, NW Italy 44°21´N 09°10´E S5 Camooweal Queensland, C Australia 19°57´S 138°14´E Y11 Camopi E French Guiana 03°12´N 52°19´W Q22 Camorta island Nicobar Islands, India, NE Indian Ocean I6 Campamento Olancho, C Honduras 14°36´N 86°38´W D19 Campana Buenos Aires, E Argentina 34°10´S 58°57´W F21 Campana, Isla island S Chile K11 Campanario Extremadura, W Spain 38°52´N 05°36´W L17 Campania Eng. Champagne. r region S Italy Y8 Campbell Missouri, C USA 36°29´N 90°04´W K15 Campbell, Cape headland South Island, New Zealand 41°44´S 174°16´E J14 Campbellford Ontario, SE Canada 44°18´N 77°48´W R13 Campbell Hill hill Ohio, N USA K13 Campbell Island island S New Zealand P13 Campbell Plateau undersea feature SW Pacific Ocean 51°00´S 170°00´E K17 Campbell River Vancouver Island, British Columbia, SW Canada 49°59´N 125°18´W L6 Campbellsville Kentucky, S USA 37°20´N 85°21´W O13 Campbellton New Brunswick, SE Canada 48°00´N 66°41´W S9 Campbelltown New South Wales, SE Australia 34°04´S 150°46´E P16 Campbell Town Tasmania, SE Australia 41°57´S 147°30´E G13 Campbeltown W Scotland, United Kingdom 55°26´N 05°38´W W13 Campeche Campeche, SE Mexico 19°47´N 90°29´W W14 Campeche r state SE Mexico T14 Campeche, Bahía de Eng. Bay of Campeche. bay E Mexico Campeche, Banco de see Campeche Bank C11 Campeche Bank Sp. Banco de Campeche, Sonda de Campeche. undersea feature S Gulf of Mexico 22°00´N 90°00´W Campeche, Bay of see Campeche, Bahía de Campeche, Sonda de see Campeche Bank H7 Campechuela Granma, E Cuba 20°15´N 77°17´W M13 Camperdown Victoria, SE Australia 38°16´S 143°10´E U6 Câm Pha Quang Ninh, N Vietnam 21°04´N 107°20´E H10 Câmpia Turzii Ger. Jerischmarkt, Hung. Aranyosgyéres; prev. Cîmpia Turzii, Ghiriș, Gyéres. Cluj, NW Romania 46°33´N 23°53´E K12 Campillo de Llerena Extremadura, W Spain 38°30´N 05°48´W L15 Campillos Andalucía, S Spain 37°04´N 04°51´W J13 Câmpina prev. Cîmpina. Prahova, SE Romania 45°08´N 25°44´E Q15 Campina Grande Paraíba, E Brazil 07°15´S 35°50´W L9 Campinas São Paulo, S Brazil 22°54´S 47°06´W L10 Camp Kulowiye Saint Lawrence Island, Alaska, USA 63°15´N 168°45´W D17 Campo var. Kampo. Sud, SW Cameroon 02°22´N 09°50´E Campo see Ntem N15 Campo Alegre de Lourdes Bahia, E Brazil 09°28´S 43°01´W L16 Campobasso Molise, C Italy 41°34´N 14°40´E H24 Campobello di Mazara Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 37°38´N 12°45´E Campo Criptana see Campo de Criptana O10 Campo de Criptana var. Campo Criptana. Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 39°25´N 03°07´W I16 Campo de Diauarum var. Pôsto Diuarum. Mato Grosso, W Brazil 11°08´S 53°16´W E5 Campo de la Cruz Atlántico, N Colombia 10°23´N 74°52´W P11 Campo de Montiel physical region C Spain H12 Campo Erê Santa Catarina, S Brazil 26°24´S 53°04´W L7 Campo Gallo Santiago del Estero, N Argentina 26°32´S 62°51´W I20 Campo Grande state capital Mato Grosso do Sul, SW Brazil 20°24´S 54°35´W K12 Campo Largo Paraná, S Brazil 25°27´S 49°29´W N13 Campo Maior Piauí, E Brazil 04°50´S 42°12´W I10 Campo Maior Portalegre, C Portugal 39°01´N 07°04´W H10 Campo Mourão Paraná, S Brazil 24°01´S 52°24´W L17 Campos Belos Goiás, S Brazil 13°11´S 46°47´W N9 Campos do Jordão São Paulo, S Brazil 22°45´S 45°36´W Q9 Campos dos Goytacazes Rio de Janeiro, SE Brazil 21°46´S 41°21´W

Mountain Mountain Range

60 I13 Campos Novos Santa Catarina, S Brazil 27°22´S 51°11´W

27 P8

07°01´S 40°21´W

27 P8

59 O14 Campos Sales Ceará, E Brazil 25 Q9 Camp San Saba Texas, SW USA 30°57´N 99°16´W 21 N6 Campton Kentucky, S USA 37°44´N 83°35´W

116 I13 Câmpulung prev. Câmpulung-Mușcel, Cîmpulung. Argeș, S Romania 45°16´N 25°03´E

Câmpulung Moldovenesc var. Cîmpulung Moldovenesc, Ger. Kimpolung, Hung. Hosszúmezjő. Suceava, NE Romania 47°32´N 25°34´E Câmpulung-Mușcel see Câmpulung Campus Stellae see Santiago de Compostela 36 L12 Camp Verde Arizona, SW USA 34°33´N 111°52´W 25 P11 Camp Wood Texas, SW USA 116 J9

167 V13 11 Q15

136 B12 18 L12 11 O13 197 P6 61 B18 197 P6 61 A18 25 P1 16 K12 8 L12

29°40´N 100°00´W Cam Ranh prev. Ba Ngoi. Khanh Hoa, S Vietnam 11°54´N 109°14´E Camrose Alberta, SW Canada 53°01´N 112°48´W Camulodunum see Colchester Çan Çanakkale, NW Turkey 40°03´N 27°03´E Canaan Connecticut, NE USA 42°00´N 73°17´W Canada b commonwealth republic N North America Canada Basin undersea feature Arctic Ocean 80°00´N 145°00´W Cañada de Gómez Santa Fe, C Argentina 32°50´S 61°23´W Canada Plain undersea feature Arctic Ocean Cañada Rosquín Santa Fe, C Argentina 32°04´S 61°35´W Canadian Texas, SW USA 35°54´N 100°23´W Canadian River j SW USA Canadian Shield physical region Canada

63 I18 Cañadón Grande, Sierra m S Argentina 55 P9 Canaima Bolívar, SE Venezuela 09°41´N 72°33´W 136 B11 Çanakkale var. Dardanelli; prev. Chanak, Kale Sultanie. Çanakkale, W Turkey 40°09´N 26°25´E

136 B12 Çanakkale r province NW Turkey 136 B11 Çanakkale Boğazı Eng. Dardanelles. strait NW Turkey 187 Q17 Canala Province Nord, C New Caledonia 21°31´S 165°57´E 59 A15 Canamari Amazonas, W Brazil 07°37´S 72°33´W 18 G10 Canandaigua New York, NE USA 42°52´N 77°14´W 18 F10 Canandaigua Lake c New York, NE USA 40 G3 Cananea Sonora, NW Mexico 30°59´N 110°20´W

56 B8 Cañar r province C Ecuador 64 N10 Canarias, Islas Eng. Canary Islands. r autonomous community Spain, NE Atlantic Ocean Canaries Basin see Canary Basin 44 C6 Canarreos, Archipiélago de los island group W Cuba Canary Islands see Canarias, Islas 66 K3 Canary Basin var. Canaries Basin, Monaco Basin. undersea feature E Atlantic Ocean 30°00´N 25°00´W 42 L13 Cañas Guanacaste, NW Costa Rica 10°25´N 85°07´W 18 I10 Canastota New York, NE USA 43°04´N 75°45´W 40 K9 Canatlán Durango, C Mexico 24°33´N 104°45´W

Cañaveral Extremadura, W Spain 39°47´N 06°24´W 23 Y11 Canaveral, Cape headland Florida, SE USA 104 J9

28°27´N 80°31´W

59 O18 Canavieiras Bahia, E Brazil 15°44´S 38°58´W

43 R16 Cañazas Veraguas, W Panama 08°25´N 81°10´W 106 H6 Canazei Trentino-Alto Adige, N Italy 46°29´N 11°50´E 183 P6 Canbelego New South Wales, SE Australia 31°36´S 146°20´E 183 R10 Canberra a (Australia) Australian Capital Territory, SE Australia 35°21´S 149°08´E 183 R10 Canberra k Australian Capital Territory, SE Australia 35°19´S 149°12´E

13°40´S 19°47´E

82 C12 Cangandala Malanje, NW Angola 09°47´S 16°27´E 104 G4 Cangas Galicia, NW Spain

27°29´N 120°23´E

82 C10 Cangola Uíge, NW Angola 07°54´S 15°57´E

83 E14 Cangombe Moxico, E Angola 14°27´S 20°05´E

63 H21 Cangrejo, Cerro l S Argentina 49°19´S 72°18´W 61 H17 Canguçu Rio Grande do Sul, S Brazil 31°25´S 52°37´W 104 L2 Cangues d’Onís var. Cangas de Onís. Asturias, N Spain 161 P3

37°22´N 13°51´E

37°24´N 02°41´W

59 B16 Canindé Acre, W Brazil 62 P6

194 J10 18 F11 40 M10

105 P15

40°36´N 33°35´E

10°24´N 123°05´E

11 P16 Canmore Alberta, SW Canada 51°07´N 115°18´W 96 F9 Canna island NW Scotland, United Kingdom 155 F20 Cannanore var. Kannur, Jagatsinghapur. Kerala, SW India 11°53´N 75°23´E see also Kannur 31 O17 Cannelton Indiana, N USA 37°54´N 86°44´W

103 U15 Cannes Alpes-Maritimes, SE France 43°33´N 06°59´E 39 R5 Canning River j Alaska, USA 106 C6 Cannobio Piemonte, NE Italy 46°04´N 08°39´E

97 L19 Cannock C England, United Kingdom 52°41´N 02°03´W 28 M6 Cannonball River j North Dakota, N USA 29 W9 Cannon Falls Minnesota, N USA 44°30´N 92°54´W 18 I11 Cannonsville Reservoir d New York, NE USA 183 R12 Cann River Victoria, SE Australia 37°34´S 149°11´E 61 I16 Canoas Rio Grande do Sul, S Brazil 29°42´S 51°07´W 61 I14 Canoas, Rio j S Brazil 14 I12 Canoe Lake c Ontario, SE Canada 60 J12 Canoinhas Santa Catarina, S Brazil 26°12´S 50°24´W 37 T6 Canon City Colorado, C USA 55 P8 173 X15 23 W6 11 V15 45 Y14

104 M3 104 K3

Cande Maine-et-Loire, NW France 47°33´N 01°03´W 41 W14 Candelaria Campeche, SE Mexico 18°10´N 91°00´W 24 J11 Candelaria Texas, SW USA

103 O12

25°30´N 97°57´W

39 N8 Candle Alaska, USA

65°54´N 161°55´W 11 T14 Candle Lake Saskatchewan, C Canada 53°43´N 105°09´W

18 L13 Candlewood, Lake d Connecticut, NE USA 29 O3 Cando North Dakota, N USA 48°29´N 99°12´W

Canea see Chaniá 45 O12 Canefield k (Roseau) SW Dominica 15°20´N 61°24´W 61 F20 Canelones prev. Guadalupe. Canelones, S Uruguay 34°32´S 56°17´W

61 E20 Canelones r department S Uruguay Canendiyú see Canindeyú 63 F14 Cañete Bío Bío, C Chile 105 Q9

Volcano River

37°48´S 73°25´W Cañete Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 40°03´N 01°39´W

Lake Reservoir

37°00´N 02°45´W

136 I11 Çankırı var. Chankiri. r province N Turkey 171 P6 Canlaon Volcano i  Negros, C Philippines

103 N2 Canche j N France 102 L13 Cancon Lot-et-Garonne, SW France 44°33´N 00°37´E 41 Z11 Cancún Quintana Roo, SE Mexico 21°05´N 86°48´W 104 K2 Candás Asturias, N Spain

30°05´N 104°40´W

10°55´S 69°45´W

Canindeyú var. Canendiyú, Canindiyú. r department E Paraguay Canindiyú see Canindeyú Canisteo Peninsula peninsula Antarctica Canisteo River j New York, NE USA Cañitas var. Cañitas de Felipe Pescador. Zacatecas, C Mexico 23°35´N 102°39´W Cañitas de Felipe Pescador see Cañitas Canjáyar Andalucía, S Spain

136 I12 Çankırı var. Chankiri; anc. Gangra, Germanicopolis. Çankın, N Turkey

13 R15

41 W15 Candelaria, Río j Guatemala/Mexico 104 L8 Candeleda Castilla y León, N Spain 40°10´N 05°14´W Candia see Irákleio 41 P8 Cándido Aguilar Tamaulipas, C Mexico

38°19´N 116°54´E

136 L11 Canik Dağları m N Turkey 105 P14 Caniles Andalucía, S Spain

Canby Minnesota, N USA

43°35´N 05°45´W

43°21´N 05°08´W

Cangzhou Hebei, E China

12 M7 Caniapiscau j Québec, E Canada 12 M8 Caniapiscau, Réservoir de d Québec, C Canada 107 J24 Canicattì Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea

29 S9

102 J7

42°16´N 08°46´W

Cangas del Narcea Asturias, N Spain 43°10´N 06°32´W Cangas de Onís see Cangues d’Onís 161 S11 Cangnan var. Lingxi. Zhejiang, SE China 104 J2

Canby California, W USA 44°42´N 96°17´W

37°00´N 95°56´W

Caney River j Kansas/ Oklahoma, C USA 105 S3 Canfranc-Estación Aragón, NE Spain 42°42´N 00°31´W 83 E14 Cangamba Port. Vila de Aljustrel. Moxico, E Angola

35 P2

41°27´N 120°51´W

Cañete see San Vicente de Cañete Caney Kansas, C USA

103 O12 105 N6

104 G8 55 O6 116 M11 97 Q22

38°25´N 105°14´W

Caño Negro Bolívar, SE Venezuela Canonniers Point headland N Mauritius Canoochee River j Georgia, SE USA Canora Saskatchewan, S Canada 51°38´N 102°28´W Canouan island S Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Canso Nova Scotia, SE Canada 45°20´N 61°00´W Cantabria r autonomous community N Spain Cantábrica, Cordillera m N Spain Cantabrigia see Cambridge Cantal r department C France Cantalejo Castilla y León, N Spain 41°15´N 03°57´W Cantal, Monts du m C France Cantanhede Coimbra, C Portugal 40°21´N 08°37´W Cantaño see Cataño Cantaura Anzoátegui, NE Venezuela 09°22´N 64°24´W Cantemir Rus. Kantemir. S Moldova 46°17´N 28°12´E Canterbury hist. Cantwaraburh; anc. Durovernum, Lat. Cantuaria. SE England, United Kingdom 51°17´N 01°05´E

185 F19 Canterbury off. Canterbury Region. r region South Island, New Zealand 185 H20 Canterbury Bight bight South Island, New Zealand 185 H19 Canterbury Plains plain South Island, New Zealand Canterbury Region see Canterbury 167 S14 Cân Th Cân Th, S Vietnam 10°03´N 105°46´E

104 K13 Cantillana Andalucía, S Spain 37°34´N 05°48´W 59 N15 Canto do Buriti Piauí, NE Brazil 08°07´S 43°00´W 23 S2 Canton Georgia, SE USA 34°14´N 84°29´W

30 K12 Canton Illinois, N USA 22 L5

40°33´N 90°02´W Canton Mississippi, S USA 32°36´N 90°02´W

Canton – Castelo do Bode, Barragem do 27 V2

Canton Missouri, C USA

18 J7

Canton New York, NE USA

40°07´N 91°31´W 44°36´N 75°10´W

21 O10 Canton North Carolina, SE USA 35°31´N 82°50´W 31 U12 Canton Ohio, N USA

40°48´N 81°23´W 26 L9 Canton Oklahoma, C USA 36°03´N 98°35´W 18 G12 Canton Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°38´N 76°49´W 29 R11 Canton South Dakota, N USA 43°19´N 96°33´W 25 V7 Canton Texas, SW USA 32°33´N 95°51´W Canton see Guangzhou Canton Island see Kanton 26 L9 Canton Lake d Oklahoma, C USA 106 D7 Cantù Lombardia, N Italy 45°44´N 09°98´E

Cantuaria/Cantwaraburh see Canterbury 39 R10 Cantwell Alaska, USA

63°23´N 148°57´W 59 O16 Canudos Bahia, E Brazil 09°51´S 39°08´W 47 T7 Canumã, Rio j N Brazil Canusium see Puglia, Canosa di 24 G7 Canutillo Texas, SW USA 31°53´N 106°34´W 25 N3 Canyon Texas, SW USA 34°58´N 101°56´W 33 S12 Canyon Wyoming, C USA 44°44´N 110°30´W 32 K13 Canyon City Oregon, NW USA 44°24´N 118°58´W

33 R10 Canyon Ferry Lake c Montana, NW USA 25 S11 Canyon Lake d Texas, SW USA 167 T5 Cao Băng var. Caobang. Cao Băng, N Vietnam 160 J12 167 S14 82 C11

171 Q12

22°40´N 106°16´E Caobang see Cao Băng Caodu He j S China Caohai see Weining Cao Lanh Ðông Thap, S Vietnam 10°35´N 105°25´E Caombo Malanje, NW Angola 08°42´S 16°33´E Caorach, Cuan na g see Sheep Haven Caozhou see Heze Capalulu Pulau Mangole, E Indonesia 01°51´S 125°53´E

Capanaparo, Río j Colomiba/Venezuela 58 L12 Capanema Pará, NE Brazil 54 K8

01°08´S 47°07´W

60 L10 Capão Bonito do Sul São Paulo, S Brazil 24°01´S 48°23´W 60 I13 Capão Doce, Morro do l S Brazil 26°37´S 51°28´W 54 I4 Capatárida Falcón, N Venezuela 11°11´N 70°37´W 102 I15 Capbreton Landes, SW France 43°40´N 01°25´W Cap-Breton, Île du see Cape Breton Island 15 W6 Cap-Chat Québec, SE Canada 49°04´N 66°43´W

15 P11 Cap-de-la-Madeleine Québec, SE Canada

64 L11

181 V2 44 M8 43 T15 14 K8 14 L8 37 T13 194 G3

37 S13 62 M3

37 T13 188 H5

60 I9 61 J16 113 H15 83 M15

107 K17

106 E12 107 B16

14 F10 107 K18 175 S9 107 J18 83 G16

83 F16

46°22´N 72°31´W

103 N13 Capdenac Aveyron, S France 44°35´N 02°06´E

183 65 13 23 21 77

19 23 181 9 21 27 21 186 98 83 18 18

8 65

45 83

83 76

64 66 64

Cap des Palmès see Palmas, Cape Q15 Cape Barren Island island Furneaux Group, Tasmania, SE Australia O18 Cape Basin undersea feature S Atlantic Ocean 37°00´S 07°00´E R14 Cape Breton Island Fr. Île du Cap-Breton. island Nova Scotia, SE Canada Y11 Cape Canaveral Florida, SE USA 28°24´N 80°36´W Y6 Cape Charles Virginia, NE USA 37°16´N 76°01´W P17 Cape Coast prev. Cape Coast Castle. S Ghana 05°10´N 01°13´W Cape Coast Castle see Cape Coast Q12 Cape Cod Bay bay Massachusetts, NE USA W15 Cape Coral Florida, SE USA 26°33´N 81°57´W R4 Cape Crawford Roadhouse Northern Territory, N Australia 16°39´S 135°44´E Q7 Cape Dorset var. Kingait. Baffin Island, Nunavut, NE Canada 76°14´N 76°32´W N8 Cape Fear River j North Carolina, SE USA Y7 Cape Girardeau Missouri, C USA 37°19´N 89°31´W T14 Cape Island island South Carolina, SE USA A6 Capella l NW Papua New Guinea 05°00´S 141°09´E H12 Capelle aan den IJssel ZuidHolland, SW Netherlands 51°56´N 04°36´E C15 Capelongo Huíla, C Angola 14°45´S 15°02´E J17 Cape May New Jersey, NE USA 38°54´N 74°54´W J17 Cape May Court House New Jersey, NE USA 39°03´N 74°46´W Cape Palmas see Harper I16 Cape Parry Northwest Territories, N Canada 70°10´N 124°33´W P19 Cape Rise undersea feature SW Indian Ocean 42°00´S 15°00´E Cape Saint Jacques see Vung Tau Capesterre see Capesterre-Belle-Eau Y6 Capesterre-Belle-Eau var. Capesterre. Basse Terre, S Guadeloupe 16°03´N 61°34´W D26 Cape Town var. Ekapa, Afr. Kaapstad, Kapstad. a (South Africa-legislative capital) Western Cape, SW South Africa 33°56´S 18°28´E E26 Cape Town k Western Cape, SW South Africa 31°51´S 21°06´E D9 Cape Verde off. Republic of Cape Verde, Port. Cabo Verde, Ilhas do Cabo Verde. b republic E Atlantic Ocean L11 Cape Verde Basin undersea feature E Atlantic Ocean 15°00´N 30°00´W K5 Cape Verde Islands island group E Atlantic Ocean L10 Cape Verde Plain undersea feature E Atlantic Ocean 23°00´N 26°00´W Cape Verde Plateau/Cape

25 O5 15 R10

38 F12 183 R10 102 K14 107 K17 54 F14

54 E13

57 I16 54 K5

116 I14 58 F10 54 L5 54 I5 60 N10 48 I7 54 E9 171 P4

116 F12

107 M16 55 O9 13 P13 116 F12 116 F12 42 M5 58 C13

105 Q12 106 E7

Verde Rise see Cape Verde Terrace Cape Verde, Republic of see Cape Verde Cape Verde Terrace var. Cape Verde Plateau, Cape Verde Rise. undersea feature E Atlantic Ocean 18°00´N 20°00´W Cape York Peninsula peninsula Queensland, N Australia Cap-Haïtien var. Le Cap. N Haiti 19°44´N 72°12´W Capira West Panamá, C Panama 08°48´N 79°51´W Capitachouane j Québec, SE Canada Capitachouane, Lac c Québec, SE Canada Capitan New Mexico, SW USA 33°33´N 105°34´W Capitán Arturo Prat Chilean research station South Shetland Islands, Antarctica 62°24´S 59°42´W Capitan Mountains m New Mexico, SW USA Capitán Pablo Lagerenza var. Mayor Pablo Lagerenza. Chaco, N Paraguay 19°55´S 60°46´W Capitan Peak l New Mexico, SW USA 33°35´N 105°15´W Capitol Hill a (Northern Mariana Islands-legislative capital) Saipan, S Northern Mariana Islands Capivara, Represa d S Brazil Capivari Rio Grande do Sul, S Brazil 30°08´S 50°32´W Čapljina Federicija Bosna I Hercegovina, S Bosnia and Herzegovina 43°07´N 17°42´E Capoche var. Kapoche. j Mozambique/Zambia Capo Delgado, Província de see Cabo Delgado Capodichino k (Napoli) Campania, S Italy 40°53´N 14°15´E Capodistria see Koper Capraia, Isola di island Arcipelago Toscano, C Italy Caprara, Punta var. Punta dello Scorno. headland Isola Asinara, W Italy 41°07´N 08°19´E Capraria see Cabrera, Illa de Capreol Ontario, S Canada 46°43´N 80°56´W Capri Campania, S Italy 40°33´N 14°14´E Capricorn Tablemount undersea feature W Pacific Ocean 18°34´S 172°12´W Capri, Isola di island S Italy Caprivi r district NE Namibia Caprivi Concession see Caprivi Strip Caprivi Strip Ger. Caprivizipfel; prev. Caprivi Concession. cultural region NE Namibia Caprivizipfel see Caprivi Strip Cap Rock Escarpment cliffs Texas, SW USA Cap-Rouge Québec, SE Canada 46°45´N 71°18´W Cap Saint-Jacques see Vung Tau Captain Cook Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 19°30´N 155°55´W Captains Flat New South Wales, SE Australia 35°37´S 149°28´E Captieux Gironde, SW France 44°16´N 00°15´W Capua Campania, S Italy 41°06´N 14°13´E Caquetá off. Departamanto del Caquetá. r province S Colombia Caquetá, Departamanto del see Caquetá Caquetá, Río var. Rio Japurá, Yapurá. j Brazil/ Colombia see also Japurá, Rio Caquetá, Río see Japurá, Rio CAR see Central African Republic Cara see Kara Carabaya, Cordillera m E Peru Carabobo off. Estado Carabobo. r state N Venezuela Carabobo, Estado see Carabobo Caracal Olt, S Romania 44°07´N 24°18´E Caracaraí Rondônia, W Brazil 01°47´N 61°11´W Caracas a (Venezuela) Distrito Federal, N Venezuela 10°29´N 66°54´W Carache Trujillo, N Venezuela 09°40´N 70°15´W Caraguatatuba São Paulo, S Brazil 23°37´S 45°24´W Carajás, Serra dos m N Brazil Caralis see Cagliari Caramanta Antioquia, W Colombia 05°36´N 75°38´W Caramoan Catanduanes Island, N Philippines 13°47´N 123°49´E Caramurat see Mihail Kogălniceanu Caransebeş Ger. Karansebesch, Hung. Karánsebes. Caraș-Severin, SW Romania 45°23´N 22°13´E Carapella see Carapelle Carapelle var. Carapella. j SE Italy Carapo Bolívar, SE Venezuela Caraquet New Brunswick, SE Canada 47°48´N 64°59´W Caras see Caraz Caraşova Hung. Krassóvár. Caraș-Severin, SW Romania 45°11´N 21°51´E Caraş-Severin r county SW Romania Caratasca, Laguna de lagoon NE Honduras Carauari Amazonas, NW Brazil 04°55´S 66°57´W Caravaca see Caravaca de la Cruz Caravaca de la Cruz var. Caravaca. Murcia, SE Spain 38°06´N 01°51´W Caravaggio Lombardia, N Italy 45°31´N 09°39´E

Country Country Capital

107 C18 Caravai, Passo di pass Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 59 O19 Caravelas Bahia, E Brazil 17°45´S 39°15´W

56 C12 Caraz var. Caras. Ancash, W Peru 09°03´S 77°47´W 61 H14 Carazinho Rio Grande do Sul, S Brazil 28°16´S 52°46´W 42 J11 Carazo r department SW Nicaragua Carballiño see O Carballiño 104 G2 Carballo Galicia, NW Spain 43°13´N 08°41´W

11 W16 Carberry Manitoba, S Canada 49°52´N 99°20´W 40 F4 Carbó Sonora, NW Mexico

Caripito Monagas, NE Venezuela 10°03´N 63°05´W 15 W7 Carleton Québec, SE Canada 55 P5

48°07´N 66°07´W

31 S10 Carleton Michigan, N USA 42°03´N 83°23´W

39°06´N 09°31´E 37 Q5 Carbondale Colorado, C USA 39°24´N 107°12´W 30 L17 Carbondale Illinois, N USA 37°43´N 89°13´W 27 Q4 Carbondale Kansas, C USA 38°49´N 95°41´W 18 I13 Carbondale Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°34´N 75°30´W 13 V12 Carbonear Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, SE Canada 47°45´N 53°16´W

105 Q9 Carboneras de Guadazaón var. Carboneras de Guadazón. Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 39°54´N 01°50´W

Carboneras de Guadazón see Carboneras de Guadazaón 23 O3 Carbon Hill Alabama, S USA 33°53´N 87°31´W 107 B20 Carbonia var. Carbonia Centro. Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 39°11´N 08°31´E Carbonia Centro see Carbonia

63 I22 Carbon, Laguna del depression S Argentina 105 S10 Carcaixent Valenciana, E Spain 39°08´N 00°28´W Carcaso see Carcassonne 65 B24 Carcass Island island NW Falkland Islands 103 O16 Carcassonne anc. Carcaso. Aude, S France 43°13´N 02°21´E 105 R12 Carche l S Spain 38°24´N 01°11´W

56 A13 Carchi r province N Ecuador 10 I8 Carcross Yukon, W Canada 60°11´N 134°41´W

Cardamomes, Chaîne des see Krâvanh, Chuŏr Phnum 155 G22 Cardamom Hills m SW India Cardamom Mountains see Krâvanh, Chuŏr Phnum 104 M12 Cardeña Andalucía, S Spain 38°16´N 04°20´W

97 F20

14 L13 Carleton Place Ontario, SE Canada 45°08´N 76°09´W 35 V3 Carlin Nevada, W USA

8

30 K14

23 Z15

47°10´N 66°54´W

97 K14

27 V11 31 N15 29 V14 21 N5 18 F15 21 Q11 38 J17 27 R7 107 A20

61 B21 61 E18 61 A21 97 F19 97 F19 96 F7 35 U17 37 U15 129 N13

29 W6 11 V17 30 L15

44 D4 Cárdenas Matanzas, W Cuba

30 L15

41 O11 Cárdenas San Luis Potosí, C Mexico 22°03´N 99°30´W 41 U15 Cárdenas Tabasco, SE Mexico 18°00´N 93°21´W 63 H21 Cardiel, Lago c S Argentina 97 K22 Cardiff Wel. Caerdydd. s S Wales, United Kingdom

10 H7

97 J22 Cardiff-Wales k S Wales, United Kingdom

97 I21

97 I21 Cardigan Wel. Aberteifi. SW Wales, United Kingdom

97 I21

23°02´N 81°12´W

51°30´N 03°13´W 51°24´N 03°22´W

97 I20 97 I20 19 N8 14 M13 105 V5 61 E19 105 V4 11 Q17 181 W5 116 G8

58 F13 102 J4 104 M2 33 P14 31 S12 25 P4 180 L11

52°06´N 04°40´W Cardigan cultural region W Wales, United Kingdom Cardigan Bay bay W Wales, United Kingdom Cardigan, Mount l New Hampshire, NE USA 43°39´N 71°52´W Cardinal Ontario, SE Canada 44°48´N 75°22´W Cardona Cataluña, NE Spain 41°55´N 01°41´E Cardona Soriano, SW Uruguay 33°53´S 57°18´W Cardoner j NE Spain Cardston Alberta, SW Canada 49°14´N 113°19´W Cardwell Queensland, NE Australia 18°24´S 146°06´E Carei Ger. Gross-Karol, Karol, Hung. Nagykároly; prev. Careii-Mari. Satu Mare, NW Romania 47°40´N 22°28´E Careii-Mari see Carei Careiro Amazonas, NW Brazil 03°40´S 60°23´W Carentan Manche, N France 49°18´N 01°15´W Cares j N Spain Carey Idaho, NW USA 43°17´N 113°58´W Carey Ohio, N USA 40°57´N 83°22´W Carey Texas, SW USA 34°28´N 100°18´W Carey, Lake c Western Australia

173 O8 Cargados Carajos Bank undersea feature C Indian Ocean 102 G6 Carhaix-Plouguer Finistère, NW France 48°16´N 03°35´W 61 A22 Carhué Buenos Aires, E Argentina 37°10´S 62°45´W 55 O5 Cariaco Sucre, NE Venezuela 10°33´N 63°37´W 107 O20 Cariati Calabria, SW Italy 39°30´N 16°57´E 2 H17 Caribbean Plate tectonic feature 44 I11 Caribbean Sea sea W Atlantic Ocean

11 N15 Cariboo Mountains m British Columbia, SW Canada 11 W9 Caribou Manitoba, C Canada 19 S2

59°27´N 97°43´W Caribou Maine, NE USA 46°51´N 68°00´W

11 P10 Caribou Mountains m Alberta, SW Canada Caribrod see Dimitrovgrad 40 I6 Carichic Chihuahua, N Mexico 27°57´N 107°01´W 103 R3 Carignan Ardennes, N France 49°38´N 05°08´E 183 Q5 Carinda New South Wales, SE Australia 30°26´S 147°45´E 105 R6 Cariñena Aragón, NE Spain

41°20´N 01°13´W 107 I23 Carini Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 38°06´N 13°09´E 107 K17 Carinola Campania, S Italy 41°14´N 14°03´E Carinthi see Kärnten 55 O5 Caripe Monagas, NE Venezuela 10°13´N 63°30´W

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

96 K11

13 O14 Carleton, Mount l New Brunswick, SE Canada

29°41´N 111°00´W

107 C20 Carbonara, Capo headland Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea

182 F10 Carnot, Cape headland South Australia

106 B9 11 X16

97 I22 103 N14 35 N11 31 O13 18 L13 97 H18 42 E2 61 D19 41 V14

40°40´N 116°09´W Carlinville Illinois, N USA 39°16´N 89°52´W Carlisle anc. Caer Luel, Luguvallium, Luguvallum. NW England, United Kingdom 54°54´N 02°55´W Carlisle Arkansas, C USA 34°46´N 91°45´W Carlisle Indiana, N USA 38°57´N 87°23´W Carlisle Iowa, C USA 41°30´N 93°29´W Carlisle Kentucky, S USA 38°19´N 84°02´W Carlisle Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°10´N 77°10´W Carlisle South Carolina, SE USA 34°35´N 81°27´W Carlisle Island island Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA Carl Junction Missouri, C USA 37°10´N 94°34´W Carloforte Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 39°10´N 08°17´E Carlopago see Karlobag Carlos Casares Buenos Aires, E Argentina 35°39´S 61°28´W Carlos Reyles Durazno, C Uruguay 33°00´S 56°30´W Carlos Tejedor Buenos Aires, E Argentina 35°25´S 62°25´W Carlow Ir. Ceatharlach. SE Ireland 52°50´N 06°55´W Carlow Ir. Cheatharlach. cultural region SE Ireland Carloway NW Scotland, United Kingdom 58°17´N 06°48´W Carlsbad California, W USA 33°09´N 117°21´W Carlsbad New Mexico, SW USA 32°24´N 104°15´W Carlsbad see Karlovy Vary Carlsberg Ridge undersea feature S Arabian Sea 06°00´N 61°00´E Carlsruhe see Karlsruhe Carlton Minnesota, N USA 46°39´N 92°25´W Carlyle Saskatchewan, S Canada 49°39´N 102°18´W Carlyle Illinois, N USA 38°36´N 89°22´W Carlyle Lake d Illinois, N USA Carmacks Yukon, W Canada 62°04´N 136°21´W Carmagnola Piemonte, NW Italy 44°50´N 07°43´E Carman Manitoba, S Canada 49°32´N 97°59´W Carmana/Carmania see Kermān Carmarthen SW Wales, United Kingdom 51°52´N 04°19´W Carmarthen cultural region SW Wales, United Kingdom Carmarthen Bay inlet SW Wales, United Kingdom Carmaux Tarn, S France 44°03´N 02°09´E Carmel California, W USA 36°32´N 121°54´W Carmel Indiana, N USA 39°58´N 86°07´W Carmel New York, NE USA 41°25´N 73°40´W Carmel Head headland NW Wales, United Kingdom 53°24´N 04°35´W Carmelita Petén, N Guatemala 17°33´N 90°11´W Carmelo Colonia, SW Uruguay 34°00´S 58°20´W Carmen var. Ciudad del Carmen. Campeche, SE Mexico 18°38´N 91°50´W

61 A25 Carmen de Patagones Buenos Aires, E Argentina 40 F8

40°45´S 63°00´W Carmen, Isla island NW Mexico

40 M5 Carmen, Sierra del m NW Mexico 30 M16 Carmi Illinois, N USA 38°05´N 88°09´W

35 O7 Carmichael California, W USA 38°36´N 121°21´W Carmiel see Karmi’el 25 U11 Carmine Texas, SW USA 30°07´N 96°40´W

104 K14 Carmona Andalucía, S Spain

37°28´N 05°38´W Carmona see Uíge Carnaro see Kvarner 180 G9 Carnarvon Western Australia 24°57´S 113°38´E 14 I13 Carnarvon Ontario, SE Canada 45°03´N 78°41´W 83 G24 Carnarvon Northern Cape, W South Africa 30°59´S 22°08´E Carnarvon see Caernarfon

Carnarvon Range m Western Australia Carn Domhnach see Carndonagh 96 E13 Carndonagh Ir. Carn Domhnach. NW Ireland 180 K9

11 V17 26 L11 180 L9 193 U8 96 H9 182 F5 194 J12 18 H16

151 Q21 79 H15

55°15´N 07°15´W Carnduff Saskatchewan, S Canada 49°11´N 101°50´W Carnegie Oklahoma, C USA 35°06´N 98°36´W Carnegie, Lake salt lake Western Australia Carnegie Ridge undersea feature E Pacific Ocean 01°00´S 85°00´W Carn Eige l N Scotland, United Kingdom 57°18´N 05°04´W Carnes South Australia 30°12´S 134°31´E Carney Island island Antarctica Carneys Point New Jersey, NE USA 39°38´N 75°29´W Carniche, Alpi see Karnische Alpen Car Nicobar island Nicobar Islands, India, NE Indian Ocean Carnot Mambéré-Kadéï, W Central African Republic 04°58´N 15°55´E

Administrative Regions International Airport

H7

31 R8

59 L14 45 U5 21 V12

189 N15 129 Z14 192 H7

34°57´S 135°39´E Carnoustie E Scotland, United Kingdom 56°30´N 02°42´W Carnsore Point Ir. Ceann an Chairn. headland SE Ireland 52°10´N 06°22´W Carnwath j Northwest Territories, NW Canada Caro Michigan, N USA 43°29´N 83°24´W Carol City Florida, SE USA 25°56´N 80°15´W Carolina Maranhão, E Brazil 07°20´S 47°25´W Carolina E Puerto Rico 18°22´N 65°57´W Carolina Beach North Carolina, SE USA 34°02´N 77°53´W Caroline Island see Millennium Island Caroline Islands island group C Micronesia Caroline Plate tectonic feature Caroline Ridge undersea feature E Philippine Sea 08°00´N 150°00´E Carolopois see Châlons-en-Champagne

45 V14 Caroni Arena Dam d Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago Caronie, Monti see Nebrodi, Monti 55 P7 Caroní, Río j  E Venezuela 45 U14 Caroni River j Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago Caronium see A Coruña 54 J5 Carora Lara, N Venezuela 10°12´N 70°07´W

86 F12 Carpathian Mountains var. Carpathians, Cz./Pol. Karpaty, Ger. Karpaten. m E Europe Carpathians see Carpathian Mountains Carpathos/Carpathus see Kárpathos 116 H12 Carpaii Meridionalii var. Alpi Transilvaniei, Carpaii Sudici, Eng. South Carpathians, Transylvanian Alps, Ger. Südkarpaten, Transsylvanische Alpen, Hung. Déli-Kárpátok, Erdélyi-Havasok. m C Romania Carpaii Sudici see Carpaii Meridionalii 174 L7 Carpentaria, Gulf of gulf N Australia Carpentoracte see Carpentras 103 R14 Carpentras anc. Carpentoracte. Vaucluse, SE France 44°03´N 05°03´E 106 F9 Carpi Emilia-Romagna, N Italy 44°47´N 10°53´E 116 E11 Cărpiniş Hung. Gyertyámos. Timiș, W Romania

45°46´N 20°53´E 35 R14 Carpinteria California, W USA 34°24´N 119°30´W 23 S9 Carrabelle Florida, SE USA 29°51´N 84°39´W Carraig Aonair see Fastnet Rock Carraig Fhearghais see Carrickfergus Carraig Mhachaire Rois see Carrickmacross Carraig na Siúire see Carrick-on-Suir Carrantual see Carrauntoohil 106 E10 Carrara Toscana, C Italy 44°05´N 10°07´E 61 F20 Carrasco k (Montevideo) Canelones, S Uruguay 34°51´S 56°00´W

105 P9

54 H4 183 O9

97 B21

45 Y15 97 G15

97 F16

Carrascosa del Campo Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain

40°02´N 02°35´W Carrasquero Zulia, NW Venezuela 11°00´N 72°01´W Carrathool New South Wales, SE Australia 34°25´S 145°30´E Carrauntohil see Carrauntoohil Carrauntoohil Ir. Carrantual, Carrauntohil, Corrán Tuathail. l SW Ireland 51°98´N 09°53´W Carriacou island N Grenada Carrickfergus Ir. Carraig Fhearghais. NE Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 54°43´N 05°49´W Carrickmacross Ir. Carraig Mhachaire Rois. N Ireland 53°58´N 06°43´W

28 L6

39°10´N 119°46´W Carson River j Nevada, W USA 35 S5 Carson Sink salt flat Nevada, W USA 11 Q16 Carstairs Alberta, SW Canada 51°35´N 114°02´W Carstensz, Puntjak see Jaya, Puncak 54 E5 Cartagena var. Cartagena de los Indes. Bolívar, NW Colombia 10°24´N 75°33´W 105 R13 Cartagena anc. Carthago Nova. Murcia, SE Spain 37°36´N 00°59´W

35 R6

42°20´N 04°37´W

25 P13 Carrizo Springs Texas, SW USA 28°33´N 99°54´W 37 S13 Carrizozo New Mexico, SW USA 33°38´N 105°52´W 29 T13 Carroll Iowa, C USA 23 N4 23 R3 30 K14 20 L4 31 R8 27 T3 31 U12 25 T6 11 U14 11 U14

42°04´N 94°52´W Carrollton Alabama, S USA 33°13´N 88°05´W Carrollton Georgia, SE USA 33°33´N 85°04´W Carrollton Illinois, N USA 39°18´N 90°24´W Carrollton Kentucky, S USA 38°41´N 85°09´W Carrollton Michigan, N USA 43°27´N 83°55´W Carrollton Missouri, C USA 39°20´N 93°30´W Carrollton Ohio, N USA 40°34´N 81°05´W Carrollton Texas, SW USA 32°57´N 96°53´W Carrot j Saskatchewan, S Canada Carrot River Saskatchewan, C Canada 53°18´N 103°32´W

Carry Falls Reservoir d New York, NE USA 136 L11 Çarşamba Samsun, N Turkey 18 J7

41°13´N 36°43´E

Mountain Mountain Range

Volcano River

39°18´N 87°59´W

195 Y12 Casey Australian research station Antarctica 65°58´S 111°04´E

195 W3 Casey Bay bay Antarctica 80 Q11 Caseyr, Raas headland NE Somalia 11°51´S 51°16´E 97 D20 Cashel Ir. Caiseal. S Ireland 52°31´N 07°53´W

54 G6 Casigua Zulia, W Venezuela 08°46´N 72°30´W

61 B19 Casilda Santa Fe, C Argentina 33°05´S 61°10´W

107 J16 Cassino prev. San Germano; anc. Casinum. Lazio, C Italy

43 N14 42 M14

25 O11 104 F10 104 I14

29 S15 23 S3 185 M14 30 J13 22 L5 27 R7 18 I8 21 T10 20 K8 25 X7 74 M5

14 E10 13 S8 55 P9 59 Q15 55 P5 58 M12 27 Y9 103 O1 58 E12 104 E10 21 U9 182 M3 65 E24 74 F6 60 M8 36 L14 106 C8 106 E8 54 H10

42 J11

104 104 M4 Carrión de los Condes Castilla y León, N Spain

47°50´N 74°09´W

30 M14 Casey Illinois, N USA

54 D10

182

29

41°05´N 14°20´E

15 N8 Casey Québec, SE Canada

183 V4

55 P5

40

Caselle k (Torino) Piemonte, NW Italy 45°06´N 07°41´E 107 K17 Caserta Campania, S Italy 106 B8

54 E13 Cartagena de Chaira Caquetá, S Colombia

97 D16 Carrick-on-Shannon Ir. Cora Droma Rúisc. NW Ireland 53°37´N 08°05´W 97 E20 Carrick-on-Suir Ir. Carraig na Siúire. S Ireland 52°21´N 07°25´W I7 Carrieton South Australia 32°27´S 138°33´E L7 Carrillo Chihuahua, N Mexico 25°53´N 103°54´W O4 Carrington North Dakota, N USA 47°27´N 99°07´W M4 Carrión j N Spain

Carson North Dakota, N USA 46°26´N 101°34´W

35 Q6 Carson City state capital Nevada, W USA

24 K11 107 Q19

105 R10 61 I14 172 I17 33 N13 29 Y13 33 R9 185 B20 32 G13 33 N12 0

E8

104 E11 15 W7 59 I22 60 G11 106 I13 106 F11 19 Q8 194 J7

01°19´N 74°52´W Cartagena de los Indes see Cartagena Cartago Valle del Cauca, W Colombia 04°45´N 75°55´W Cartago Cartago, C Costa Rica 09°50´N 83°54´W Cartago off. Provincia de Cartago. r province C Costa Rica Cartago, Provincia de see Cartago Carta Valley Texas, SW USA 29°46´N 100°37´W Cartaxo Santarém, C Portugal 39°10´N 08°47´W Cartaya Andalucía, S Spain 37°16´N 07°09´W Carteret Islands see Tulun Islands Carter Lake Iowa, C USA 41°17´N 95°55´W Cartersville Georgia, SE USA 34°10´N 84°48´W Carterton Wellington, North Island, New Zealand 41°01´S 175°30´E Carthage Illinois, N USA 40°25´N 91°09´W Carthage Mississippi, S USA 32°43´N 89°31´W Carthage Missouri, C USA 37°10´N 94°20´W Carthage New York, NE USA 43°58´N 75°36´W Carthage North Carolina, SE USA 35°21´N 79°27´W Carthage Tennessee, S USA 36°14´N 85°59´W Carthage Texas, SW USA 32°10´N 94°21´W Carthage k (Tunis) N Tunisia 36°51´N 10°12´E Carthago Nova see Cartagena Cartier Ontario, S Canada 46°40´N 81°31´W Cartwright Newfoundland and Labrador, E Canada 53°40´N 57°W Caruana de Montaña Bolívar, SE Venezuela 05°16´N 63°12´W Caruaru Pernambuco, E Brazil 08°15´S 35°55´W Carúpano Sucre, NE Venezuela 10°39´N 63°14´W Carusbur see Cherbourg Carutapera Maranhão, E Brazil 01°12´S 45°57´W Caruthersville Missouri, C USA 36°11´N 89°40´W Carvin Pas-de-Calais, N France 50°31´N 03°00´E Carvoeiro Amazonas, NW Brazil 01°24´S 61°59´W Carvoeiro, Cabo headland C Portugal 39°19´N 09°27´W Cary North Carolina, SE USA 35°47´N 78°46´W Caryapundy Swamp wetland New South Wales/ Queensland, SE Australia Carysfort, Cape headland East Falkland, Falkland Islands 51°26´S 57°50´W Casablanca Ar. Darel-Beida. NW Morocco 33°39´N 07°31´W Casa Branca São Paulo, S Brazil 21°47´S 47°05´W Casa Grande Arizona, SW USA 32°52´N 111°45´W Casale Monferrato Piemonte, NW Italy 45°08´N 08°27´E Casalpusterlengo Lombardia, N Italy 45°10´N 09°37´E Casanare off. Intendencia de Casanare. r province C Colombia Casanare, Intendencia de see Casanare Casanay Sucre, NE Venezuela 10°30´N 63°25´W Casa Piedra Texas, SW USA 29°43´N 104°03´W Casarano Puglia, SE Italy 40°01´N 18°10´E Casares Carazo, W Nicaragua 11°37´N 86°19´W Casas Ibáñez CastillaLa Mancha, C Spain 39°17´N 01°28´W Casca Rio Grande do Sul, S Brazil 28°39´S 51°55´W Cascade Mahé, NE Seychelles 04°39´S 55°29´E Cascade Idaho, NW USA 44°31´N 116°02´W Cascade Iowa, C USA 42°18´N 91°00´W Cascade Montana, NW USA 47°15´N 111°46´W Cascade Point headland South Island, New Zealand 44°00´S 168°23´E Cascade Range m Oregon/ Washington, NW USA Cascade Reservoir d Idaho, NW USA Cascadia Basin undersea feature NE Pacific Ocean 47°00´N 127°30´W Cascais Lisboa, C Portugal 38°41´N 09°25´W Cascapédia j Québec, SE Canada Cascavel Ceará, E Brazil 04°10´S 38°15´W Cascavel Paraná, S Brazil 24°56´S 53°28´W Cascia Umbria, C Italy 42°45´N 13°01´E Cascina Toscana, C Italy 43°40´N 10°33´E Casco Bay bay Maine, NE USA Case Island island Antarctica

Lake Reservoir

Casim see General Toshevo Casino New South Wales, SE Australia 28°50´S 153°02´E 41°29´N 13°50´E

Casinum see Cassino 111 E17 Čáslav Ger. Tschaslau. Střední Čechy, C Czech Republic 49°54´N 15°23´E 56 C13 Casma Ancash, C Peru 09°30´S 78°18´W

167 S7 Ca, Sông j N Vietnam 107 K17 Casoria Campania, S Italy 105 T6 33 X15 84 M10

130 D10

83 L14

82 F13 107 N20 31 S8 14 M13 29 R5

10 J9

40°54´N 14°28´E Caspe Aragón, NE Spain 41°14´N 00°03´W Casper Wyoming, C USA 42°48´N 106°22´W Caspian Depression Kaz. Kaspīy Mangy Oypaty, Rus. Prikaspiyskaya Nizmennost’. depression Kazakhstan/ Russian Federation Caspian Sea Az. Xäzär Dänizi, Kaz. Kaspiy Tengizi, Per. Baḩr-e Khazar, Daryā-ye Khazar, Rus. Kaspiyskoye More. inland sea Asia/Europe Cassacatiza Tete, NW Mozambique 14°20´S 32°24´E Cassai see Kasai Cassamba Moxico, E Angola 13°07´S 20°22´E Cassano allo Ionio Calabria, SE Italy 39°46´N 16°16´E Cass City Michigan, N USA 43°36´N 83°10´W Cassel see Kassel Casselman Ontario, SE Canada 45°18´N 75°05´W Casselton North Dakota, N USA 46°53´N 97°10´W Cássia see Santa Rita de Cassia Cassiar British Columbia, W Canada 59°16´N 129°40´W

10 K10 Cassiar Mountains m British Columbia, W Canada 83 C15 Cassinga Huíla, SW Angola 29 T4 29 T4 31 P10 31 S8 27 S8 58 L12 104 G8 41 N7 108 I10 106 D8 107 K23 107 K15

15°08´S 16°05´E Cass Lake Minnesota, N USA 47°22´N 94°36´W Cass Lake c Minnesota, N USA Cassopolis Michigan, N USA 41°56´N 86°00´W Cass River j Michigan, N USA Cassville Missouri, C USA 36°42´N 93°52´W Castamoni see Kastamonu Castanhal Pará, NE Brazil 01°16´S 47°55´W Castanheira de Pêra Leiria, C Portugal 40°01´N 08°12´W Castaños Coahuila, NE Mexico 26°48´N 101°26´W Castasegna Graubünden, SE Switzerland 46°21´N 09°30´E Casteggio Lombardia, N Italy 45°02´N 09°10´E Castelbuono Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 37°56´N 14°05´E Castel di Sangro Abruzzo, C Italy 41°46´N 14°03´E

106 H7 Castelfranco Veneto Veneto, NE Italy 45°40´N 11°55´E

102 K14 Casteljaloux Lot-etGaronne, SW France 44°19´N 00°03´E

107 L18 Castellabate var. Santa Maria di Castellabate. Campania, S Italy 40°16´N 14°57´E

107 I23 Castellammare del Golfo Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 38°02´N 12°53´E

107 H22 Castellammare, Golfo di gulf Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 103 U15 Castellane Alpes-deHaute-Provence, SE France 43°49´N 06°34´E

107 O18 Castellaneta Puglia, SE Italy 106 E9

40°38´N 16°57´E

Castel l’Arquato Emilia-Romagna, C Italy 44°52´N 09°51´E

61 E21 Castelli Buenos Aires, E Argentina 36°07´S 57°47´W 105 S8 Castelló de la Plana var. Castellón de la Plana. r province Valenciana, E Spain Castelló de la Plana see Castellón de la Plana Castellón see Castellón de la Plana 105 T9 Castellón de la Plana var. Castellón, Cat. Castelló de la Plana. Valenciana, E Spain

105 S7 103 N16 102 L16 106 F10

104 H9 104 H8 104 I10 104 G9

39°59´N 00°03´W Castellón de la Plana see Castelló de la Plana Castellote Aragón, NE Spain 40°46´N 00°18´W Castelnaudary Aude, S France 43°18´N 01°57´E Castelnau-Magnoac Hautes-Pyrénées, S France 43°18´N 00°30´E Castelnovo ne’ Monti Emilia-Romagna, C Italy 44°26´N 10°24´E Castelnuovo see Herceg-Novi Castelo Branco Castelo Branco, C Portugal 39°50´N 07°30´W Castelo Branco r district C Portugal Castelo de Vide Portalegre, C Portugal 39°25´N 07°27´W Castelo do Bode, Barragem do d C Portugal

233

Castel san Pietro terme – Chai Badan 106 G10 Castel San Pietro Terme Emilia-Romagna, C Italy 107 B17 102 M14 107 I24 107 H24 182 L12 102 J15

44°22´N 11°34´E Castelsardo Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 40°54´N 08°42´E Castelsarrasin Tarnet-Garonne, S France 44°02´N 01°06´E Casteltermini Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 37°33´N 13°38´E Castelvetrano Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 37°40´N 12°46´E Casterton Victoria, SE Australia 37°37´S 141°22´E Castets Landes, SW France 43°55´N 01°08´W

106 H12 Castiglione del Lago Umbria, C Italy 43°07´N 12°02´E

106 F13 Castiglione della Pescaia Toscana, C Italy 106 F8 104 M9 105 N10 105 N6 104 L5

105 N14

102 K13 63 I19 61 G19 97 B16 97 F16 45 O11 36 M5 36 I14 97 J14 97 E14 97 M17 11 O17 64 B12 21 V12 97 B20 183 N12 37 R5 33 O13 184 N13 97 D17 97 G15

183 R6 37 T5 30 K7 65 G25 97 I16 29 R9 11 R15 14 M13 27 X7

103 N15 98 H9 45 S11 60 J11 63 F17 104 H7 104 M13 104 H14 104 J2 105 O2 104 G13 107 N19 35 N10 25 R12 104 K11 61 F19 185 A22 137 Q13

234

Catacamas Olancho, C Honduras 14°55´N 85°54´W 56 A10 Catacaos Piura, NW Peru 42 K6

05°22´S 80°40´W

Catahoula Lake c Louisiana, S USA 137 S15 Çatak Van, SE Turkey 22 I7

137 S15 114 O12 114 O12 62 H6 105 U5

62 I7

42°46´N 10°53´E

Castiglione delle Stiviere Lombardia, N Italy 45°24´N 10°31´E Castilla-La Mancha r autonomous community NE Spain Castilla Nueva cultural region C Spain Castilla Vieja r cultural region N Spain Castilla y León var. Castillia Leon. r autonomous community NW Spain Castillia Leon see Castilla y León Castillo de Locubim see Castillo de Locubín Castillo de Locubín var. Castillo de Locubim. Andalucía, S Spain 37°32´N 03°56´W Castillon-la-Bataille Gironde, SW France 44°51´N 00°01´W Castillo, Pampa del plain S Argentina Castillos Rocha, SE Uruguay 34°12´S 53°52´W Castlebar Ir. Caisleán an Bharraigh. W Ireland 53°52´N 09°17´W Castleblayney Ir. Baile na Lorgan. N Ireland 54°07´N 06°44´W Castle Bruce E Dominica 15°24´N 61°26´W Castle Dale Utah, W USA 39°10´N 111°02´W Castle Dome Peak l Arizona, SW USA 33°04´N 114°08´W Castle Douglas S Scotland, United Kingdom 54°56´N 03°56´W Castlefinn Ir. Caisleán na Finne. NW Ireland 54°47´N 07°35´W Castleford N England, United Kingdom 53°44´N 01°21´W Castlegar British Columbia, SW Canada 49°18´N 117°48´W Castle Harbour inlet Bermuda, NW Atlantic Ocean Castle Hayne North Carolina, SE USA 34°23´N 78°07´W Castleisland Ir. Oileán Ciarral. SW Ireland 52°12´N 09°30´W Castlemaine Victoria, SE Australia 37°06´S 144°13´E Castle Peak l Colorado, C USA 39°00´N 106°51´W Castle Peak l Idaho, NW USA 44°02´N 114°42´W Castlepoint Wellington, North Island, New Zealand 40°54´S 176°13´E Castlerea Ir. An Caisleán Riabhach. W Ireland 53°45´N 08°32´W Castlereagh Ir. An Caisleán Riabhach. N Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 54°33´N 05°53´W Castlereagh River j New South Wales, SE Australia Castle Rock Colorado, C USA 39°22´N 104°51´W Castle Rock Lake d Wisconsin, N USA Castle Rock Point headland S Saint Helena 16°02´S 05°45´W Castletown SE Isle of Man 54°05´N 04°39´W Castlewood South Dakota, N USA 44°43´N 97°01´W Castor Alberta, SW Canada 52°14´N 111°54´W Castor j Ontario, SE Canada Castor River j Missouri, C USA Castra Albiensium see Castres Castra Regina see Regensburg Castres anc. Castra Albiensium. Tarn, S France 43°36´N 02°15´E Castricum Noord-Holland, W Netherlands 52°33´N 04°40´E Castries a (Saint Lucia) N Saint Lucia 14°01´N 60°59´W Castro Paraná, S Brazil 24°46´S 50°03´W Castro Los Lagos, W Chile 42°27´S 73°48´W Castro Daire Viseu, N Portugal 40°54´N 07°55´W Castro del Río Andalucía, S Spain 37°41´N 04°29´W Castrogiovanni see Enna Castro Marim Faro, S Portugal 37°13´N 07°26´W Castropol Asturias, N Spain 43°30´N 07°01´W Castro-Urdiales var. Castro Urdiales. Cantabria, N Spain 43°23´N 03°11´W Castro Verde Beja, S Portugal 37°42´N 08°05´W Castrovillari Calabria, SW Italy 39°48´N 16°12´E Castroville California, W USA 36°46´N 121°46´W Castroville Texas, SW USA 29°21´N 98°52´W Castuera Extremadura, W Spain 38°44´N 05°33´W Casupá Florida, S Uruguay 34°09´S 55°38´W Caswell Sound sound South Island, New Zealand Çat Erzurum, NE Turkey 39°40´N 41°03´E

38°02´N 43°05´E Çatak Çayi j SE Turkey Çatalca İstanbul, NW Turkey 41°09´N 28°28´E Çatalca Yarimadasi physical region NW Turkey Catalina Antofagasta, N Chile 25°19´S 69°37´W Catalonia see Cataluña Cataluña Cat. Catalunya, Eng. Catalonia. r autonomous community N Spain Catalunya see Cataluña Catamarca off. Provincia de Catamarca. r province NW Argentina Catamarca see San Fernando del Valle de Catamarca

Catamarca, Provincia de see Catamarca 83 M16 Catandica Manica, C Mozambique 171 P4 60 K8 107 L24 107 M24 45 U5 107 O21 107 O22

25 Q14 171 Q5 105 S10 21 R11 171 Q5 14 I14 41 S15

31 P5 23 Q2 35 V16 24 K10 32 G10 76 G13 55 O10 44 J3 12 B9 21 P5 185 D24 35 R1 41 Z11 27 P9 41 N10 63 I14 62 K13 58 F11 58 E10 18 K11 18 K11 18 J11 18 D11

107 I24 83 B14 83 N14 82 C10 171 O2 54 C12 47 P5 58 P13 54 E7 54 E7 137 Q8 62 I10 105 R11 103 P2 82 D11 62 G13 55 N8 15 V7 117 N10 102 M14 102 K17

18°05´S 33°10´E Catanduanes Island island N Philippines Catanduva São Paulo, S Brazil 21°05´S 49°00´W Catania Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 37°31´N 15°04´E Catania, Golfo di gulf Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea Cataño var. Cantaño. E Puerto Rico 18°26´N 66°06´W Catanzaro Calabria, SW Italy 38°53´N 16°36´E Catanzaro Marina var. Marina di Catanzaro. Calabria, S Italy 38°48´N 16°33´E Marina di Catanzaro see Catanzaro Marina Catarina Texas, SW USA 28°19´N 99°36´W Catarman Samar, C Philippines 12°29´N 124°34´E Catarroja Valenciana, E Spain 39°24´N 00°24´W Catawba River j North Carolina/South Carolina, SE USA Catbalogan Samar, C Philippines 11°49´N 124°55´E Catchacoma Ontario, SE Canada 44°43´N 78°19´W Catemaco Veracruz-Llave, SE Mexico 18°28´N 95°10´W Cathair na Mart see Westport Cathair Saidhbhín see Caherciveen Cat Head Point headland Michigan, N USA 45°11´N 85°37´W Cathedral Caverns cave Alabama, S USA Cathedral City California, W USA 33°45´N 116°27´W Cathedral Mountain l Texas, SW USA 30°10´N 103°39´W Cathlamet Washington, NW USA 46°12´N 123°24´W Catió S Guinea-Bissau 11°13´N 15°10´W Catisimiña Bolívar, SE Venezuela 04°07´N 63°40´W Cat Island island C The Bahamas Cat Lake Ontario, S Canada 51°47´N 91°52´W Catlettsburg Kentucky, S USA 38°24´N 82°37´W Catlins j South Island, New Zealand Catnip Mountain l Nevada, W USA 41°53´N 119°19´W Catoche, Cabo headland SE Mexico 21°36´N 87°04´W Catoosa Oklahoma, C USA 36°11´N 95°45´W Catorce San Luis Potosí, C Mexico 23°42´N 100°49´W Catriel Río Negro, C Argentina 37°54´S 67°52´W Catriló La Pampa, C Argentina 36°28´S 63°20´W Catrimani Roraima, N Brazil 0°24´N 61°30´W Catrimani, Rio j N Brazil Catskill New York, NE USA 42°13´N 73°52´W Catskill Creek j New York, NE USA Catskill Mountains m New York, NE USA Cattaraugus Creek j New York, NE USA Cattaro see Kotor Cattaro, Bocche di see Kotorska, Boka Cattolica Eraclea Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 37°27´N 13°24´E Catumbela j W Angola Catur Niassa, N Mozambique 13°50´S 35°43´E Cauale j NE Angola Cauayan Luzon, N Philippines 16°55´N 121°46´E Cauca off. Departamento del Cauca. r province SW Colombia Cauca j SE Venezuela Cauca, Departamento del see Cauca Caucaia Ceará, E Brazil 03°44´S 38°45´W Cauca, Río j N Colombia Caucasia Antioquia, NW Colombia 07°59´N 75°13´W Caucasus Rus. Kavkaz. m Georgia/Russian Federation Caucete San Juan, W Argentina 31°38´S 68°16´W Caudete Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 38°42´N 01°00´W Caudry Nord, N France 50°07´N 03°24´E Caungula Lunda Norte, NE Angola 08°22´S 18°37´E Cauquenes Maule, C Chile 35°58´S 72°22´W Caura, Río j C Venezuela Causapscal Québec, SE Canada 48°22´N 67°14´W Căuşeni Rus. Kaushany. E Moldova 46°37´N 29°21´E Caussade Tarn-et-Garonne, S France 44°10´N 01°31´E Cauterets Hautes-Pyrénées, S France 42°53´N 00°08´W

Country Country Capital

10 J15 Caution, Cape headland British Columbia, SW Canada

171 P6

44 H7

41°34´N 13°20´E Čechy see Bohemia 106 F12 Cecina Toscana, C Italy 43°19´N 10°31´E

102 L3 107 L18 104 G6 103 R15 103 U16 106 G6 29 Q2 76 L17 105 Y8

184 K2

97 E16 97 E16 106 H8 27 W9 20 K7 65 M25 21 N5 58 K11

113 I16

58 A13 58 N13 61 I15 42 J4 82 B11 136 F14 40 L15 56 C6 56 C6 21 R12 55 Y10 55 Y10 44 K10 45 U6 45 U6 103 N14 44 E8 44 D8 64 D11 47 O3 80 O13 42 F3 43 N9 43 O9 44 E4 14 G16 25 V8 18 G10 104 K13 116 L14 102 M16 112 E10 82 G13 105 O13 104 L4

58 O13

59 Q14 64 J13

64 I13 43 Q17 40 K7 61 G19 61 G19 105 P5 104 M8 171 P6

51°10´N 127°43´W Cauto j E Cuba Cauvery see Kāveri Caux, Pays de physical region N France Cava de’ Tirreni Campania, S Italy 40°42´N 14°42´E Cávado j N Portugal Cavaia see Kavajë Cavaillon Vaucluse, SE France 43°51´N 05°01´E Cavalaire-sur-Mer Var, SE France 43°10´N 06°31´E Cavalese Ger. Gablös. Trentino-Alto Adige, N Italy 46°18´N 11°29´E Cavalier North Dakota, N USA 48°47´N 97°37´W Cavalla var. Cavally, Cavally Fleuve. j Ivory Coast/ Liberia

Cavalleria, Cap de var. Cabo Caballeria. headland Menorca, Spain, W Mediterranean Sea 40°04´N 04°06´E Cavalli Islands island group N New Zealand Cavally/Cavally Fleuve see Cavalla Cavan Ir. Cabhán. N Ireland 54°N 07°21´W Cavan Ir. An Cabhán. cultural region N Ireland Cavarzare Veneto, NE Italy 45°08´N 12°05´E Cave City Arkansas, C USA 35°56´N 91°33´W Cave City Kentucky, S USA 37°08´N 85°57´W Cave Point headland S Tristan da Cunha Cave Run Lake d Kentucky, S USA Caviana de Fora, Ilha var. Ilha Caviana. island N Brazil Caviana, Ilha see Caviana de Fora, Ilha Cavtat It. Ragusavecchia. Dubrovnik-Neretva, SE Croatia 42°36´N 18°13´E Cawnpore see Kānpur Caxamarca see Cajamarca Caxias Amazonas, W Brazil 04°27´S 71°27´W Caxias Maranhão, E Brazil 04°53´S 43°20´W Caxias do Sul Rio Grande do Sul, S Brazil 29°14´S 51°10´W Caxinas, Punta headland N Honduras 16°01´N 86°02´W Caxito Bengo, NW Angola 08°34´S 13°38´E Çay Afyon, W Turkey 38°35´N 31°01´E Cayacal, Punta var. Punta Mongrove. headland S Mexico 17°55´N 102°09´W Cayambe Pichincha, N Ecuador 0°02´N 78°08´W Cayambe l N Ecuador 0°00´S 77°58´W Cayce South Carolina, SE USA 33°58´N 81°04´W Cayenne q (French Guiana) NE French Guiana 04°55´N 52°18´W Cayenne k NE French Guiana 04°55´N 52°18´W Cayes var. Les Cayes. SW Haiti 18°10´N 73°48´W Cayey C Puerto Rico 18°06´N 66°11´W Cayey, Sierra de m E Puerto Rico Caylus Tarn-et-Garonne, S France 44°13´N 01°42´E Cayman Brac island E Cayman Islands Cayman Islands p UK dependent territory W West Indies Cayman Trench undersea feature NW Caribbean Sea 19°00´N 80°00´W Cayman Trough undersea feature NW Caribbean Sea 18°00´N 81°00´W Caynabo Togdheer, N Somalia 08°55´N 46°28´E Cayo r district SW Belize Cayo see San Ignacio Cayos Guerrero reef E Nicaragua Cayos King reef E Nicaragua Cay Sal islet SW The Bahamas Cayuga Ontario, S Canada 42°57´N 79°49´W Cayuga Texas, SW USA 31°55´N 95°57´W Cayuga Lake c New York, NE USA Cazalla de la Sierra Andalucía, S Spain 37°56´N 05°46´W Căzăneşti Ialomia, SE Romania 44°36´N 27°03´E Cazères Haute-Garonne, S France 43°15´N 01°11´E Cazin r  Federacija Bosne I Hercegovine, NW Bosnia and Herzegovina Cazombo Moxico, E Angola 11°54´S 22°56´E Cazorla Andalucía, S Spain 37°55´N 03°W Cazza see Sušac Cea j NW Spain Ceadâr-Lunga see Ciadîr-Lunga Ceanannas see Kells Ceann Toirc see Kanturk Ceará off. Estado do Ceará. r state C Brazil Ceará see Fortaleza Ceara Abyssal Plain see Ceará Plain Ceará, Estado do see Ceará Ceará Mirim Rio Grande do Norte, E Brazil 05°30´S 35°51´W Ceará Plain var. Ceara Abyssal Plain. undersea feature W Atlantic Ocean 0°00 36°30´W Ceará Ridge undersea feature C Atlantic Ocean Ceatharlach see Carlow Cébaco, Isla island SW Panama Ceballos Durango, C Mexico 26°33´N 104°07´W Cebollatí Rocha, E Uruguay 33°15´S 53°46´W Cebollatí, Río j E Uruguay Cebollera l N Spain 42°01´N 02°40´W Cebreros Castilla y León, N Spain 40°27´N 04°28´W Cebu off. Cebu City. Cebu, C Philippines 10°17´N 123°46´E

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

Cebu island C Philippines Cebu City see Cebu 107 J16 Ceccano Lazio, C Italy

Cedar Bluff Reservoir d Kansas, C USA 30 M8 Cedarburg Wisconsin, N USA 43°18´N 87°58´W 36 J7 Cedar City Utah, W USA 26 K4

37°40´N 113°03´W 25 T11 Cedar Creek Texas, SW USA 30°04´N 97°30´W 28 L7 Cedar Creek j North Dakota, N USA

25 U7 Cedar Creek Reservoir d Texas, SW USA 29 W13 Cedar Falls Iowa, C USA 42°31´N 92°27´W

31 N8 Cedar Grove Wisconsin, N USA 43°31´N 87°48´W 21 Y6 Cedar Island island Virginia, NE USA 23 U11 Cedar Key Cedar Keys, Florida, SE USA 29°08´N 83°03´W

23 U11 Cedar Keys island group Florida, SE USA 11 V14 Cedar Lake c Manitoba, C Canada 14 I11 Cedar Lake c Ontario, SE Canada 24 M6 Cedar Lake c Texas, SW USA 29 X13 Cedar Rapids Iowa, C USA 29 X14 29 O14 31 P8 23 R3 27 O7 35 Q2 104 H1 42 H8 41 N10 42 I6 40 M9 40 B5 193 R5 182 E7 110 D10 80 P12 81 O16 81 N15

80 O12 107 J23

105 N6 111 K23 113 N18 105 Q13 136 K12 146 B13

107 J15 104 H4

41°58´N 91°40´W Cedar River j Iowa/ Minnesota, C USA Cedar River j Nebraska, C USA Cedar Springs Michigan, N USA 43°13´N 85°33´W Cedartown Georgia, SE USA 34°00´N 85°16´W Cedar Vale Kansas, C USA 37°06´N 96°30´W Cedarville California, W USA 41°30´N 120°10´W Cedeira Galicia, NW Spain 43°40´N 08°03´W Cedeño Choluteca, S Honduras 13°10´N 87°25´W Cedral San Luis Potosí, C Mexico 23°47´N 100°40´W Cedros Francisco Morazán, C Honduras 14°38´N 86°42´W Cedros Zacatecas, C Mexico 24°39´N 101°47´W Cedros, Isla island W Mexico Cedros Trench undersea feature E Pacific Ocean 27°45´N 115°45´W Ceduna South Australia 32°09´S 133°43´E Cedynia Ger. Zehden. Zachodnio-pomorskie, W Poland 52°54´N 14°15´E Ceelaayo Sanaag, N Somalia 11°18´N 49°20´E Ceel Buur It. El Bur. Galguduud, C Somalia 04°36´N 46°33´E Ceel Dheere var. Ceel Dher, It. El Dere. Galguduud, C Somalia 05°18´N 46°07´E Ceel Dher see Ceel Dheere Ceerigaabo var. Erigabo, Erigavo. Sanaag, N Somalia 10°34´N 47°22´E Cefalù anc. Cephaloedium. Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 38°02´N 14°02´E Cega j Castilla y León, N Spain Cegléd prev. Czegléd. Pest, C Hungary 47°10´N 19°47´E Čegrane W FYR Macedonia 41°50´N 20°59´E Cehegín Murcia, SE Spain 38°04´N 01°48´W Çekerek Yozgat, N Turkey 40°04´N 35°30´E Çekiçler Rus. Chekishlyar, Turkm. Chekichler. Balkan Welaýaty, W Turkmenistan 37°35´N 53°52´E Celano Abruzzo, C Italy 42°06´N 13°33´E Celanova Galicia, NW Spain 42°09´N 07°58´W

Celaque, Cordillera de m W Honduras 41 N13 Celaya Guanajuato, C Mexico 42 F6

192 192 41 31 20 25 112 109 111 100 99 104 64 64 114 146

20°32´N 100°48´W Celebes see Sulawesi F7 Celebes Basin undersea feature SE South China Sea 04°00´N 122°00´E F7 Celebes Sea Ind. Laut Sulawesi. sea Indonesia/ Philippines W12 Celestún Yucatán, E Mexico 20°50´N 90°22´W Q12 Celina Ohio, N USA 40°34´N 84°35´W L8 Celina Tennessee, S USA 36°32´N 85°30´W U5 Celina Texas, SW USA 33°19´N 96°46´W G11 Čelinac Donji Republika Srpska, N Bosnia and Herzegovina 44°43´N 17°19´E V10 Celje Ger. Cilli. C Slovenia 46°16´N 15°14´E G23 Celldömölk Vas, W Hungary 47°16´N 17°10´E J12 Celle var. Zelle. Niedersachsen, N Germany 52°38´N 10°05´E D19 Celles Hainaut, SW Belgium 50°42´N 03°25´E I7 Celorico da Beira Guarda, N Portugal 40°38´N 07°24´W Celovec see Klagenfurt M7 Celtic Sea Ir. An Mhuir Cheilteach. sea SW British Isles N7 Celtic Shelf undersea feature E Atlantic Ocean 07°00´W 49°15´N L13 Çeltik Gölu c NW Turkey J17 Çemenibit prev. Rus. Chemenibit. Mary Welaýaty, S Turkmenistan 35°27´N 62°19´E M14 Čemerno m C Serbia

113 105 Q12 Cenajo, Embalse del d S Spain 171 V13 Cenderawasih, Teluk var. Teluk Irian, Teluk Sarera. bay W Pacific Ocean 105 P4 Cenicero La Rioja, N Spain 42°29´N 02°38´W

106 E9 Ceno j NW Italy 102 K13 Cenon Gironde, SW France 44°51´N 00°33´W

14 K13 Centennial Lake c Ontario, SE Canada

Administrative Regions International Airport

37 S7

160 M14 Cenxi Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, S China

Centennial State see Colorado Center Colorado, C USA

22°58´N 111°00´E Ceos see Tziá

37°45´N 106°06´W

29 Q13 Center Nebraska, C USA 42°33´N 97°51´W

28 M5 Center North Dakota, N USA 47°07´N 101°18´W 25 X8 Center Texas, SW USA 31°49´N 94°10´W 29 W8 Center City Minnesota, N USA 45°25´N 92°48´W 36 L5 Centerfield Utah, W USA 39°07´N 111°49´W

192 G8

Center Hill Lake d Tennessee, S USA 29 X13 Center Point Iowa, C USA 20 K9

42°11´N 91°47´W

25 R11 Center Point Texas, SW USA 29°56´N 99°01´W

29 W16 Centerville Iowa, C USA

40°47´N 92°51´W 27 W7 Centerville Missouri, C USA 37°27´N 91°01´W 29 R12 Centerville South Dakota, N USA 43°07´N 96°57´W 20 I9 Centerville Tennessee, S USA 35°45´N 87°29´W 25 V9 Centerville Texas, SW USA 31°17´N 95°59´W

40 M5 Centinela, Picacho del l NE Mexico 106 G9

39 S8

Centrafricaine, République see Central African Republic Central Alaska, USA 65°34´N 144°48´W

46°26´N 30°41´E Central see Centre Central see Rennell and Bellona

29 P15 48 D6 54 D11 42 M13 45 N9 43 R16 45 S6 80 A11 42 H7 81 E16

30 L15

103 O13 61 A16 59 K18 103 O17 54 E6

99 G22 107 N16 103 O9 136 I11 136 D10 109 T12 109 S11 116 F10 137 O15 112 I10

79 H14 Central African Republic var. République Centrafricaine, abbrev. CAR; prev. Ubangi-Shari, Oubangui-Chari, Territoire de l’Oubangui-Chari. b republic C Africa 192 C6 Central Basin Trough undersea feature W Pacific Ocean 16°45´N 130°00´E Central Borneo see Kalimantan Tengah 149 P12 Central Brāhui Range m W Pakistan Central Celebes see Sulawesi Tengah 29 Y13 Central City Iowa, C USA 42°12´N 91°31´W

Central City Kentucky, S USA 37°17´N 87°07´W Central City Nebraska, C USA 41°04´N 97°59´W Central, Cordillera m W Bolivia Central, Cordillera m W Colombia Central, Cordillera m C Costa Rica Central, Cordillera m C Dominican Republic Central, Cordillera m C Panama Central, Cordillera m Puerto Rico Central Darfur r state SW Sudan Central District var. Tegucigalpa. r district C Honduras Central Equatoria var. Bahr el Gebel, Bahr el Jebel. r state S South Sudan Central Finland see Keski-Suomi Central Group see Inner Islands Centralia Illinois, N USA 38°31´N 89°07´W

27 U4 Centralia Missouri, C USA 39°12´N 92°08´W

32 G9 Centralia Washington, NW USA 46°43´N 122°57´W Central Indian Ridge see Mid-Indian Ridge Central Java see Jawa Tengah Central Kalimantan see Kalimantan Tengah 148 L14 Central Makrān Range m W Pakistan Central Ostrobothnia see Keski-Pohjanmaa 192 K7 Central Pacific Basin undersea feature C Pacific Ocean 05°00´N 175°00´W 59 M19 Central, Planalto var. Brazilian Highlands. m E Brazil 32 F15 Central Point Oregon, NW USA 42°22´N 122°55´W Central Provinces and Berar see Madhya Pradesh 186 B6 Central Range m NW Papua New Guinea Central Russian Upland see Srednerusskaya Vozvyshennost’ Central Siberian Plateau/ Central Siberian Uplands see Srednesibirskoye Ploskogor’ye 104 K8 Central, Sistema m C Spain Central Sulawesi see Sulawesi Tengah 35 N3 Central Valley California, W USA 40°39´N 122°21´W 35 P8 Central Valley valley California, W USA 23 Q3 Centre Alabama, S USA 34°09´N 85°40´W 79 E15 Centre Eng. Central. r province C Cameroon 102 M8 Centre r region N France 173 Y16 Centre de Flacq E Mauritius 20°12´S 57°43´E

Centre Spatial Guyanais space station N French Guiana 23 O5 Centreville Alabama, S USA

116 M14 103 U7 41 O8 40 G9 107 L16 113 L20 41 O11 60 K11 61 F18 61 F19 56 E13 61 G14 61 G18 42 E7 63 I14 105 V5 104 M3 105 Q5 107 H15 106 H10 106 J7 107 L17 106 B6

103 Y14 104 I1 54 F5

106 H10 106 I10 118 H8 111 D15

111 F17

111 D19

111 D19 111 E18

55 Y9

21 X3 22 J7

32°58´N 87°08´W Centreville Maryland, NE USA 39°03´N 76°04´W Centreville Mississippi, S USA 31°05´N 91°04´W Centum Cellae see Civitavecchia

Mountain Mountain Range

45°32´N 18°33´E Ceram see Seram, Pulau Ceram Sea see Seram, Laut Ceram Trough undersea feature W Pacific Ocean Cerasus see Giresun

36 I10 Cerbat Mountains m Arizona, SW USA 103 P17 Cerbère, Cap headland S France 42°28´N 03°15´E 104 F13 Cercal do Alentejo Setúbal, S Portugal 37°48´N 08°40´W 111 A18 Čerchov Ger. Czerkow. l W Czech Republic

172 I17

29°07´N 102°40´W Cento Emilia-Romagna, N Italy 44°43´N 11°16´E

37 P15 Central New Mexico, SW USA 32°46´N 108°09´W 83 H18 Central r district E Botswana 138 E10 Central r district C Israel 82 M13 Central r region C Malawi 153 P12 Central r zone C Nepal 186 E9 Central r province S Papua New Guinea 63 I21 Central r department C Paraguay 155 K25 Central r province C Sri Lanka 83 J14 Central r province C Zambia 117 P11 Central k (Odesa) Odes’ka Oblast’, SW Ukraine

20 I6

112 I9

Cephaloedium see Cefalù Čepin Hung. Csepén. Osijek-Baranja, E Croatia

111 C19

Volcano River

49°24´N 12°47´E Cère j C France Ceres Santa Fe, C Argentina 29°55´S 61°55´W Ceres Goiás, C Brazil 15°21´S 49°34´W Ceresio see Lugano, Lago di Céret Pyrénées-Orientales, S France 42°30´N 02°44´E Cereté Córdoba, NW Colombia 08°54´N 75°51´W Cerf, Île au island Inner Islands, NE Seychelles Cerfontaine Namur, S Belgium 50°08´N 04°25´E Cergy-Pontoise see Pontoise Cerignola Puglia, SE Italy 41°17´N 15°53´E Cerigo see Kýthira Cérilly Allier, C France 46°38´N 02°51´E Çerkeş Çankin, N Turkey 40°51´N 32°52´E Çerkezköy Tekirdağ, NW Turkey 41°17´N 28°00´E Cerknica Ger. Zirknitz. SW Slovenia 45°48´N 14°21´E Cerkno W Slovenia 46°07´N 13°58´E Cermei Hung. Csermő. Arad, W Romania 46°33´N 21°51´E Çermik Dıyarbakır, SE Turkey 38°09´N 39°27´E Cerna Vukovar-Srijem, E Croatia 45°10´N 18°36´E Cernăui see Chernivtsi Cernavodă Constana, SW Romania 44°20´N 28°03´E Cernay Haut-Rhin, NE France 47°49´N 07°11´E Černice see Schwarzach Cerralvo Nuevo León, NE Mexico 26°10´N 99°40´W Cerralvo, Isla island NW Mexico Cerreto Sannita Campania, S Italy 41°17´N 14°39´E Cërrik var. Cerriku. Elbasan, C Albania 41°01´N 19°55´E Cerriku see Cërrik Cerritos San Luis Potosí, C Mexico 22°25´N 100°16´W Cerro Azul Paraná, S Brazil 24°48´S 49°14´W Cerro Chato Treinta y Tres, E Uruguay 33°04´S 55°08´W Cerro Colorado Florida, S Uruguay 33°52´S 55°33´W Cerro de Pasco Pasco, C Peru 10°43´S 76°15´W Cêrro Largo Rio Grande do Sul, S Brazil 28°10´S 54°43´W Cerro Largo r department NE Uruguay

Cerrón Grande, Embalse d N El Salvador Cerros Colorados, Embalse c W Argentina Cervera Cataluña, NE Spain 41°40´N 01°16´E Cervera del Pisuerga Castilla y León, N Spain 42°51´N 04°30´W Cervera del Río Alhama La Rioja, N Spain 42°01´N 01°58´W Cerveteri Lazio, C Italy 42°00´N 12°06´E Cervia Emilia-Romagna, N Italy 44°14´N 12°22´E Cervignano del Friuli Friuli-Venezia Giulia, NE Italy 45°49´N 13°18´E Cervinara Campania, S Italy 41°02´N 14°36´E Cervinia see Breuil-Cervinia Cervino, Monte var. Matterhorn. l Italy/ Switzerland 46°00´N 07°39´E see also Matterhorn Cervino, Monte see Matterhorn Cervione Corse, France, C Mediterranean Sea 42°22´N 09°28´E Cervo Galicia, NW Spain 43°39´N 07°25´W Cesar off. Departamento del Cesar. r province N Colombia Cesar, Departamento del see Cesar Cesena anc. Caesena. Emilia-Romagna, N Italy 44°09´N 12°14´E Cesenatico Emilia-Romagna, N Italy 44°12´N 12°24´E Cēsis Ger. Wenden. C Latvia 57°19´N 25°17´E Česká Lípa Ger. Böhmisch-Leipa. Liberecký Kraj, N Czech Republic 50°43´N 14°35´E Česká Republika see Czech Republic Česká Třebová Ger. Böhmisch-Trübau. Pardubický Kraj, C Czech Republic 49°54´N 16°27´E České Budějovice Ger. Budweis. Jihočeský Kraj, S Czech Republic 48°58´N 14°29´E České Velenice Jihočeský Kraj, S Czech Republic 48°49´N 14°57´E Českomoravská Vrchovina var. Českomoravská Vysočina, Eng. Bohemian-Moravian Highlands, Ger. BöhmischMährische Höhe. m S Czech Republic Českomoravská Vysočina see Českomoravská Vrchovina Český Krumlov var. Böhmisch-Krumau, Ger. Krummau. Jihočeský Kraj, S Czech Republic 48°48´N 14°18´E Ceský Les see Bohemian Forest

Lake Reservoir

112 F8 Česma j N Croatia 136 A14 Çeşme İzmir, W Turkey

38°19´N 26°20´E Cess see Cestos Cessnock New South Wales, SE Australia 32°51´S 151°21´E K17 Cestos var. Cess. j S Liberia I9 Cesvaine E Latvia 56°58´N 26°15´E G14 Cetate Dolj, SW Romania 44°06´N 23°01´E Cetatea Albă see Bilhorod-Dnistrovs’kyy Cetatea Damboviei see Bucureşti J17 Cetinje It. Cettigne. S Montenegro 42°23´N 18°55´E N20 Cetraro Calabria, S Italy 39°30´N 15°59´E Cette see Sète A17 Cetti Bay bay SW Guam Cettigne see Cetinje L17 Ceuta var. Sebta. Ceuta, Spain, N Africa 35°53´N 05°19´W C16 Ceuta enclave Spain, N Africa B9 Ceva Piemonte, NE Italy 44°24´N 08°01´E P14 Cévennes m S France G10 Cevio Ticino, S Switzerland 46°18´N 08°36´E K16 Ceyhan Adana, S Turkey 37°02´N 35°48´E K17 Ceyhan Nehri j S Turkey P17 Ceylanpınar Șanlıurfa, SE Turkey 36°53´N 40°02´E Ceylon see Sri Lanka R6 Ceylon Plain undersea feature N Indian Ocean 04°00´S 82°00´E Ceyre to the Caribs see Marie-Galante Q14 Cèze j S France Chaacha see Çäçe P6 Chaadayevka Penzenskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 53°07´N 45°55´E O12 Cha-Am Phetchaburi, SW Thailand 12°48´N 99°58´E W15 Chābahār var. Chāh Bahār, Chahbar. Sīstān va Balūchestān, SE Iran 25°21´N 60°38´E Chabaricha see Khabarikha B19 Chabas Santa Fe, C Argentina 33°16´S 61°23´W T10 Chablais physical region E France B20 Chacabuco Buenos Aires, E Argentina 34°40´S 60°27´W

183 T8 76 118 116

113 107 188 104 88 106 103 108 136 136 137 173

103 127 167 143

61 103 61

Chachagón, Cerro l N Nicaragua 13°18´N 85°39´W C10 Chachapoyas Amazonas, NW Peru 06°13´S 77°54´W Chäche see Çäçe O18 Chachersk Rus. Chechersk. Homyel’skaya Voblasts’, SE Belarus 52°54´N 30°54´E N16 Chachevichy Rus. Chechevichi. Mahilyowskaya Voblasts’, E Belarus 53°31´N 29°51´E B14 Chaco off. Provincia de Chaco. r province NE Argentina Chaco see Gran Chaco M6 Chaco Austral physical region N Argentina M3 Chaco Boreal physical region N Paraguay M6 Chaco Central physical region N Argentina Y15 Chacon, Cape headland Prince of Wales Island, Alaska, USA 54°41´N 132°00´W Chaco, Provincia de see Chaco H9 Chad off. Republic of Chad, Fr. Tchad. b republic C Africa K14 Chadan Respublika Tyva, S Russian Federation 51°16´N 91°25´E U12 Chadbourn North Carolina, SE USA 34°19´N 78°49´W L14 Chadiza Eastern, E Zambia 14°04´S 32°27´E Q7 Chad, Lake Fr. Lac Tchad. c C Africa Chad, Republic of see Chad J12 Chadron Nebraska, C USA 42°48´N 102°57´W Chadyr-Lunga see Ciadîr-Lunga W14 Chaeryŏng SW North Korea 38°22´N 125°35´E P17 Chafarinas, Islas island group S Spain Y7 Chaffee Missouri, C USA 37°10´N 89°39´W L12 Chāgai Hills var. Chāh Gay. m Afghanistan/Pakistan Q11 Chagda Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 58°43´N 130°38´E Chaghasarāy see Asadābād N5 Chaghcharān var. Chakhcharan, Cheghcheran, Qala Āhangarān. Gōwr, C Afghanistan 34°28´N 65°18´E R9 Chagny Saône-et-Loire, C France 46°54´N 04°45´E Q7 Chagos Archipelago var. Oil Islands. island group British Indian Ocean Territory O15 Chagos Bank undersea feature C Indian Ocean 06°15´S 72°00´E O14 Chagos-Laccadive Plateau undersea feature N Indian Ocean 03°00´S 73°00´E Q7 Chagos Trench undersea feature N Indian Ocean 07°00´S 73°30´E T14 Chagres, Río j C Panama U14 Chaguanas Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago 10°31´N 61°25´W M6 Chaguaramas Guárico, N Venezuela 09°23´N 66°18´W Chagyl see Çagyl Chahār Maḩāll and Bakhtiyāri see Chahār Maḩāl va Bakhtīārī Chahār Maḩall va Bakhtīārī, Ostān-e see Chahār Maḩāl va Bakhtīārī M9 Chahār Maḩāl va Bakhtīārī off. Ostān-e Chahār Maḩall va Bakhtīārī, var. Chahār Maḩāll and Bakhtiyāri. r province SW Iran Chāh Bahār/Chahbar see Chābahār V13 Chāh Derāz Sīstān va Balūchestān, SE Iran 27°07´N 60°01´E Chāh Gay see Chāgai Hills P10 Chai Badan Lop Buri, C Thailand 15°08´N 101°03´E

42 K8 56 119 119

61

62 62 62 39

78 122 21 83 67 28

163 105 27 148 123

149

103 173 129 129 173 43 45 54

142

143

167

Chāībāsa – Chenstokhov 153 Q16 Chāībāsa Jhārkhand, N India 22°31´N 85°50´E

79 E19 Chaillu, Massif du m C Gabon 167 O10 Chai Nat var. Chainat, Jainat, Jayanath. Chai Nat, C Thailand 15°10´N 100°10´E Chainat see Chai Nat 65 M14 Chain Fracture Zone tectonic feature E Atlantic Ocean 173 N5 Chain Ridge undersea feature W Indian Ocean 06°00´N 54°00´E

158 L5

Chairn, Ceann an see Carnsore Point Chaiwopu Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, W China 43°32´N 87°55´E

167 Q10 Chaiyaphum var. Jayabum. Chaiyaphum, C Thailand 62 N10 42 C5 83 K16 148 J9

149 V8 146 I16 153 P16 152 J8 149 U7 57 F17 102 K12 108 D10 115 J20

188 H6 188 C16

15°46´N 101°55´E Chajarí Entre Ríos, E Argentina 30°45´S 57°57´W Chajul Quiché, W Guatemala 15°28´N 91°02´W Chakari Mashonaland West, N Zimbabwe 18°05´S 29°51´E Chakhānsūr Nīmrōz, SW Afghanistan 31°11´N 62°06´E Chakhānsūr see Nīmrōz Chakhcharan see Chaghcharān Chak Jhumra var. Jhumra. Punjab, E Pakistan 31°33´N 73°14´E Chaknakdysonga Ahal Welaýaty, S Turkmenistan 35°39´N 61°24´E Chakradharpur Jhāarkhand, N India 22°42´N 85°38´E Chakrāta Uttarakhand, N India 30°42´N 77°52´E Chakwāl Punjab, NE Pakistan 32°56´N 72°53´E Chala Arequipa, SW Peru 15°52´S 74°13´W Chalais Charente, W France 45°16´N 00°02´E Chalais Valais, SW Switzerland 46°18´N 07°37´E Chalándri var. Halandri; prev. Khalándrion. prehistoric site Sýros, Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea Chalan Kanoa Saipan, S Northern Mariana Islands 15°08´S 145°43´E Chalan Pago C Guam

Chalap Dalam/Chalap Dalan see Chehel Abdālān, Kūh-e 42 F7 Chalatenango Chalatenango, N El Salvador 14°04´N 88°53´W 42 A9 Chalatenango r department NW El Salvador 83 P15 Chalaua Nampula, NE Mozambique

29 O11 Chamberlain South Dakota, N USA 43°48´N 99°19´W 19 R3 Chamberlain Lake c Maine, NE USA 39 S5 Chamberlin, Mount l Alaska, USA 69°16´N 144°54´W

37 O11 Chambers Arizona, SW USA 35°11´N 109°25´W

18 F16 Chambersburg Pennsylvania, NE USA 39°54´N 77°39´W

31 N5 Chambers Island island Wisconsin, N USA 103 T11 Chambéry anc. Camberia. Savoie, E France 82 L12 82 L12 74 M6 15 Q7 139 U11

40 J14

42 G5 Chamelecón, Río j NW Honduras 62 J9 Chamical La Rioja, C Argentina 30°21´S 66°19´W 115 L23 Chamilí island Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea 167 Q13 Châmnar Kaôh Kông, SW Cambodia 152 K9

102 I9

46°51´N 01°52´W

57 K19 Challapata Oruro, SW Bolivia 18°50´S 66°45´W 192 H6 Challenger Deep undersea feature W Pacific Ocean 11°20´N 142°12´E

193 S11 192 K11 33 P13 22 L9 124 J11 103 Q5

103 R9

102 M11 143 N4 101 N20 108 F7 37 R8 83 E22 149 O9 37 R9 152 I6 81 I25 150 H12 11 U16

Challenger Deep see Mariana Trench Challenger Fracture Zone tectonic feature SE Pacific Ocean Challenger Plateau undersea feature E Tasman Sea Challis Idaho, NW USA 44°31´N 114°14´W Chalmette Louisiana, S USA 29°56´N 89°57´W Chalna Respublika Kareliya, NW Russian Federation 61°53´N 33°59´E Châlons-en-Champagne prev. Châlons-sur-Marne, hist. Arcae Remorum; anc. Carolopois. Marne, NE France 48°58´N 04°22´E Châlons-sur-Marne see Châlons-en-Champagne Chalon-sur-Saône anc. Cabillonum. Saône-et-Loire, C France 46°47´N 04°51´E Chaltel, Cerro see Fitzroy, Monte Châlus Haute-Vienne, C France 45°38´N 01°00´E Chālūs Māzandarān, N Iran 36°40´N 51°25´E Cham Bayern, SE Germany 49°13´N 12°40´E Cham Zug, N Switzerland 47°11´N 08°28´E Chama New Mexico, SW USA 36°54´N 106°34´W Cha Mai see Thung Song Chamaites Karas, S Namibia 27°15´S 17°52´E Chaman Baluchistān, SW Pakistan 30°55´N 66°27´E Chama, Rio j New Mexico, SW USA Chamba Himāchal Pradesh, N India 32°33´N 76°10´E Chamba Ruvuma, S Tanzania 11°33´S 37°01´E Chambal j C India Chamberlain Saskatchewan, S Canada 50°49´N 105°29´W

Changbai Chaoxianzu Zizhixian see Changbai 163 X11 Changbai Shan m NE China 163 V10 Changchun var. Ch’angch’un, Ch’ang-ch’un; prev. Hsinking. province capital Jilin, NE China 43°53´N 125°18´E

Ch’angch’un/Ch’ang-ch’un see Changchun 160 M10 Changde Hunan, S China 168 L10 158 L5 160 L17

157 R11

161 S8

11°45´N 103°32´E Chamoli Uttarakhand, N India 30°22´N 79°19´E

167 161

45°55´N 06°52´E 154 L11 Chāmpa Chhattīsgarh, C India 22°02´N 82°42´E 10 H8 Champagne Yukon, W Canada 60°48´N 136°22´W 103 Q5 Champagne cultural region N France Champagne see Campania

163 161

103 Q5 Champagne-Ardenne r region N France 103 S9 Champagnole Jura, E France

161

30 M13 Champaign Illinois, N USA

163

167

161

46°44´N 05°55´E

103 13 42 108 18 18 15 18 103 41 104 119

127

62 104 57

40°07´N 88°15´W S10 Champasak Champasak, S Laos 14°50´N 105°51´E U6 Champ de Feu l NE France 48°24´N 07°15´E O7 Champdoré, Lac c Québec, NE Canada B6 Champerico Retalhuleu, SW Guatemala 14°18´N 91°54´W C11 Champéry Valais, SW Switzerland 46°12´N 06°52´E L6 Champlain New York, NE USA 44°58´N 73°25´W L9 Champlain Canal canal New York, NE USA P13 Champlain, Lac c Québec, Canada/USA see also Champlain, Lake L7 Champlain, Lake c Canada/ USA see also Champlain, Lac S7 Champlitte Haute-Saône, E France 47°36´N 05°31´E W13 Champotón Campeche, SE Mexico 19°18´N 90°43´W G10 Chamusca Santarém, C Portugal 39°21´N 08°29´W O20 Chamyarysy Rus. Chemerisy. Homyel’skaya Voblasts’, SE Belarus 51°42´N 30°27´E P5 Chamzinka Respublika Mordoviya, W Russian Federation 54°22´N 45°22´E Chanáil Mhór, An see Grand Canal Chanak see Çanakkale G7 Chañaral Atacama, N Chile 26°19´S 70°34´W H13 Chança, Rio var. Chanza. j Portugal/Spain D14 Chancay Lima, W Peru 11°36´S 77°14´W

66°39´N 143°43´W

Challans Vendée, NW France

16°54´S 33°15´E 163 X11 Changbai var. Changbai Chaoxianzu Zizhixian. Jilin, NE China 41°25´N 128°08´E

157 N12

103 U11 Chamonix-Mont-Blanc Haute-Savoie, E France

16°04´S 39°08´E

81 I16 Chalbi Desert desert N Kenya 42 D7 Chalchuapa Santa Ana, W El Salvador 13°59´N 89°41´W Chalcidice see Chalkidikí Chalcis see Chalkída Chālderān see Sīāh Chashmeh 103 N6 Châlette-sur-Loing Loiret, C France 48°01´N 02°45´E 15 X8 Chaleur Bay Fr. Baie des Chaleurs. bay New Brunswick/ Québec, E Canada Chaleurs, Baie des see Chaleur Bay 57 G16 Chalhuanca Apurímac, S Peru 14°17´S 73°15´W 154 F12 Chālisgaon Mahārāshtra, C India 20°29´N 75°10´E 115 N23 Chálki island Dodekánisa, Greece, Aegean Sea 115 F16 Chalkiádes Thessalía, C Greece 39°24´N 22°25´E 115 H18 Chalkída var. Halkida, prev. Khalkís; anc. Chalcis. Evvoia, E Greece 38°27´N 23°38´E 115 G14 Chalkidikí var. Khalkidhikí; anc. Chalcidice. peninsula NE Greece 185 A24 Chalky Inlet inlet South Island, New Zealand 39 S7 Chalkyitsik Alaska, USA

45°34´N 05°56´E Chambeshi Muchinga, NE Zambia 10°55´S 31°07´E Chambeshi j NE Zambia Chambi, Jebel var. Jabal ash Sha‘nabī. l W Tunisia 35°16´N 08°39´E Chambord Québec, SE Canada 48°25´N 72°02´W Chamcham Al Muthanná, S Iraq 31°17´N 45°05´E Chamchamāļ see Chemchemal Chamdmanĩ see Altanshiree Chamela Jalisco, SW Mexico 19°31´N 105°02´W

155 G23 Changanācheri var. Changannassery. Kerala, SW India 09°26´N 76°31´E see also Changannassery 83 M19 Changane j S Mozambique 83 M16 Changara Tete, NW Mozambique

62 G13 39 R7 39 R6 152 L10 153 S16 152 K10 22 M10 22 M9

152 I8 153 Q16 182 D2 15 Y7 36 L14 27 O10 25 V7 39 Q6 56 H13 162 H9 162 E7 14 J13 153 U15 154 I13 83 J15

Chan-chiang/Chanchiang see Zhanjiang Chanco Maule, C Chile 35°43´S 72°35´W Chandalar Alaska, USA 67°30´N 148°29´W Chandalar River j Alaska, USA Chandan Chauki Uttar Pradesh, N India 28°32´N 80°43´E Chandannagar prev. Chandernagore. West Bengal, E India 22°52´N 88°21´E Chandausi Uttar Pradesh, N India 28°27´N 78°43´E Chandeleur Islands island group Louisiana, S USA Chandeleur Sound sound N Gulf of Mexico Chandernagore see Chandannagar Chandīgarh state capital Punjab, N India 30°41´N 76°51´E Chāndil Jhārkhand, NE India 22°58´N 86°04´E Chandler South Australia 26°59´S 133°22´E Chandler Québec, SE Canada 48°21´N 64°41´W Chandler Arizona, SW USA 33°18´N 111°50´W Chandler Oklahoma, C USA 35°43´N 96°54´W Chandler Texas, SW USA 32°18´N 95°28´W Chandler River j Alaska, USA Chandles, Río j E Peru Chandmanĭ var. Talshand. Govĩ-Altayĭ, C Mongolia 45°21´N 98°00´E Chandmanĭ var. Urdgol. Hovd, W Mongolia 47°39´N 92°46´E Chandos Lake c Ontario, SE Canada Chandpur Chittagong, C Bangladesh 23°13´N 90°43´E Chandrapur Mahārāshtra, C India 19°58´N 79°21´E Changa Southern, S Zambia 16°24´S 28°27´E Chang’an see Rong’an, Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, S China Changan see Xi’an, Shaanxi, C China

Country Country Capital

163 43 159 160 163 160 163 161 161 115

62 115 30 155 97 35 13

97 24

104 167

103 139 27

161 167 163 161 163

161

58 12 40 40 146 57 54

29°04´N 111°42´E Changhua see Zhanghua Changi k (Singapore) E Singapore 01°22´N 103°58´E Changji Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 44°02´N 87°12´E Changjiang var. Changjiang Lizu Zizhixian, Shiliu. Hainan, S China 19°16´N 109°09´E Chang Jiang var. Yangtze Kiang, Eng. Yangtze. j C China Chang Jiang Eng. Yangtze. j SW China Changjiang Kou delta E China

Changjiang Lizu Zizhixian see Changjiang Changkiakow see Zhangjiakou F12 Chang, Ko island S Thailand Q2 Changli Hebei, E China 39°44´N 119°13´E V10 Changling Jilin, NE China 44°15´N 124°03´E Changning see Xunwu N11 Changsha var. Ch’angsha, Ch’ang-sha. province capital Hunan, S China 28°10´N 113°E Ch’angsha/Ch’ang-sha see Changsha Q10 Changshan Zhejiang, SE China 28°54´N 118°30´E V14 Changshan Qundao island group NE China S8 Changshu var. Ch’angshu. Jiangsu, E China 31°39´N 120°45´E Ch’ang-shu see Changshu V11 Changtu Liaoning, NE China 42°50´N 123°59´E P14 Changuinola Bocas del Toro, NW Panama 09°28´N 82°31´W N9 Changweiliang Qinghai, W China 38°24´N 92°08´E K6 Changwu var. Zhaoren. Shaanxi, C China 35°12´N 107°46´E U13 Changxing Dao island N China M9 Changyang var. Longzhouping. Hubei, C China 30°45´N 111°13´E W14 Changyŏn SW North Korea 38°19´N 125°15´E N5 Changzhi Shanxi, C China 36°10´N 113°02´E R8 Changzhou Jiangsu, E China 31°45´N 119°58´E H24 Chaniá var. Hania, Khaniá, Eng. Canea; anc. Cydonia. Kríti, Greece, E Mediterranean Sea 35°31´N 24°00´E J5 Chañi, Nevado de l NW Argentina 24°09´S 65°44´W H24 Chanión, Kólpos gulf Kríti, Greece, E Mediterranean Sea Chankiri see Çankırı M11 Channahon Illinois, N USA 41°25´N 88°13´W H20 Channapatna Karnātaka, E India 12°43´N 77°14´E K26 Channel Islands Fr. Iles Normandes. island group S English Channel R16 Channel Islands island group California, W USA S13 Channel-Port aux Basques Newfoundland and Labrador, SE Canada 47°35´N 59°02´W Channel, The see English Channel Q23 Channel Tunnel tunnel France/United Kingdom M2 Channing Texas, SW USA 35°41´N 102°21´W Chantabun/Chantaburi see Chanthaburi H3 Chantada Galicia, NW Spain 42°36´N 07°46´W P12 Chanthaburi var. Chantabun, Chantaburi. Chantaburi, S Thailand 12°35´N 102°08´E O4 Chantilly Oise, N France 49°12´N 02°28´E V12 Chanūn as Sa‘ūdī Dhī Qār, S Iraq 31°04´N 46°00´E Q6 Chanute Kansas, C USA 37°40´N 95°27´W Chanza see Chança, Rio Ch’ao-an/Chaochow see Chaozhou P8 Chao Hu c E China P11 Chao Phraya, Mae Nam j C Thailand T8 Chaor He prev. Qulin Gol. j NE China Chaouèn see Chefchaouen P14 Chaoyang Guangdong, S China 23°17´N 116°33´E T12 Chaoyang Liaoning, NE China 41°34´N 120°29´E Chaoyang see Jiayin, Heilongjiang, China Chaoyang see Huinan, Jilin China Q14 Chaozhou var. Chaoan, Chao’an, Ch’ao-an; prev. Chaochow. Guangdong, SE China 23°42´N 116°36´E N13 Chapadinha Maranhão, E Brazil 03°45´S 43°23´W K12 Chapais Québec, SE Canada 49°47´N 74°54´W L13 Chapala Jalisco, SW Mexico 20°20´N 103°10´W L13 Chapala, Lago de c C Mexico F13 Chapan, Gora l C Turkmenistan 37°48´N 58°03´E M18 Chapare, Río j C Bolivia E11 Chaparral Tolima, C Colombia 03°45´N 75°30´W

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

Chapayev Zapadnyy Kazakhstan, NW Kazakhstan 50°12´N 51°09´E O11 Chapayevo Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 60°03´N 117°19´E R6 Chapayevsk Samarskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 52°57´N 49°42´E H13 Chapecó Santa Catarina, S Brazil 27°14´S 52°41´W I13 Chapecó, Rio j S Brazil J9 Chapel Hill Tennessee, S USA 35°38´N 86°40´W J12 Chapelton C Jamaica 18°05´N 77°16´W C8 Chapleau Ontario, SE Canada 47°50´N 83°24´W D7 Chapleau j Ontario, S Canada T16 Chaplin Saskatchewan, S Canada 50°27´N 106°37´W M6 Chaplygin Lipetskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 53°13´N 39°58´E S11 Chaplynka Khersons’ka Oblast’, S Ukraine 46°20´N 33°34´E O6 Chapman, Cape headland Nunavut, NE Canada 69°15´N 89°09´W T15 Chapman Ranch Texas, SW USA 27°32´N 97°25´W Chapman’s see Okwa P5 Chapmanville West Virginia, NE USA 37°58´N 82°01´W K15 Chappell Nebraska, C USA 41°05´N 102°28´W Chapra see Chhapra D9 Chapuli, Río j N Peru I6 Châr well N Mauritania P12 Chara Zabaykal’skiy Kray, S Russian Federation 56°57´N 118°05´E O11 Chara j C Russian Federation G8 Charala Santander, C Colombia 06°17´N 73°09´W N10 Charcas San Luis Potosí, C Mexico 23°09´N 101°10´W T13 Charco Texas, SW USA 28°42´N 97°35´E H7 Charcot Island island Antarctica M8 Charcot Seamounts undersea feature E Atlantic Ocean 11°30´W 45°00´N Chardara see Shardara Chardarinskoye Vodokhranilishche see Shardarinskoye Vodokhranilishche U11 Chardon Ohio, N USA 41°34´N 81°12´W K9 Chardonnières SW Haiti 18°16´N 74°10´W Chardzhev see Türkmenabat Chardzhevskaya Oblast see Lebap Welaýaty Chardzhou/Chardzhui see Türkmenabat L11 Charente r department W France J11 Charente j W France J10 Charente-Maritime r department W France U12 Ch’arents’avan C Armenia 40°23´N 44°41´E I12 Chari var. Shari. j Central African Republic/Chad G11 Chari-Baguirmi off. Région du Chari-Baguirmi. r region SW Chad Chari-Baguirmi, Région du see Chari-Baguirmi Q4 Chārīkār Parwān, NE Afghanistan 35°01´N 69°11´E V15 Chariton Iowa, C USA 41°00´N 93°18´W U3 Chariton River j Missouri, C USA T7 Charity NW Guyana 07°22´N 58°34´W R7 Charity Island island Michigan, N USA Chärjew see Türkmenabat Chärjew Oblasty see Lebap Welaýaty Charkhlik/Charkhliq see Ruoqiang G20 Charleroi Hainaut, S Belgium 50°25´N 04°27´E V12 Charles Manitoba, C Canada 55°27´N 100°58´W R10 Charlesbourg Québec, SE Canada 46°50´N 71°15´W Y7 Charles, Cape headland Virginia, NE USA 37°09´N 75°57´W W12 Charles City Iowa, C USA 43°04´N 92°40´W W6 Charles City Virginia, NE USA 37°21´N 77°05´W O5 Charles de Gaulle k (Paris) Seine-et-Marne, N France 49°04´N 02°36´E K1 Charles Island island Nunavut, NE Canada Charles Island see Santa María, Isla K9 Charles Mound hill Illinois, N USA A22 Charles Sound sound South Island, New Zealand G15 Charleston West Coast, South Island, New Zealand 41°54´S 171°25´E S11 Charleston Arkansas, C USA 35°19´N 94°02´W M14 Charleston Illinois, N USA 39°30´N 88°10´W L3 Charleston Mississippi, S USA 34°00´N 90°03´W Z7 Charleston Missouri, C USA 36°54´N 89°22´W T15 Charleston South Carolina, SE USA 32°48´N 79°57´W Q5 Charleston state capital West Virginia, NE USA 38°21´N 81°38´W L14 Charleston Lake c Ontario, SE Canada W11 Charleston Peak l Nevada, W USA 36°16´N 115°40´W W10 Charlestown Nevis, Saint Kitts and Nevis 17°08´N 62°37´W P16 Charlestown Indiana, N USA 38°27´N 85°40´W M9 Charlestown New Hampshire, NE USA 43°14´N 72°23´W V3 Charles Town West Virginia, NE USA 39°18´N 77°54´W W9 Charleville Queensland, E Australia 26°25´S 146°18´E R3 Charleville-Mézières Ardennes, N France 49°45´N 04°43´E P5 Charlevoix Michigan, N USA 45°19´N 85°15´W

144 F9 123 127 60 60 20 44 14 14 11 126 117 9 25 21 28 56 76 123 123 54 41 25 194 64

31 44

102 102 102 137 78 78

149 29 27 55 31

99 11 15 21 29 21 103 12

30 185 185 27 30 22 27 21 21 14 35 45 31 18 21 181 103 31

Administrative Regions International Airport

31 Q6 Charlevoix, Lake c Michigan, N USA Charley River j Alaska, USA 64 J6 Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone tectonic feature N Atlantic Ocean 103 Q10 Charlieu Loire, E France

39 T9

46°11´N 04°10´E

31 Q9 Charlotte Michigan, N USA 42°33´N 84°50´W

21 R10 Charlotte North Carolina, SE USA 35°14´N 80°51´W 20 I8 Charlotte Tennessee, S USA 36°11´N 87°18´W

25 R13 Charlotte Texas, SW USA 28°51´N 98°42´W

21 R10 Charlotte k North Carolina, SE USA 35°12´N 80°54´W 45 T9 Charlotte Amalie prev. Saint Thomas. q (Virgin Islands (US)) Saint Thomas, N Virgin Islands (US) 18°22´N 64°56´W 21 U7 Charlotte Court House Virginia, NE USA 37°04´N 78°37´W

23 W14 Charlotte Harbor inlet Florida, SE USA Charlotte Island see Abaiang 95 J15 Charlottenberg Värmland, C Sweden 59°53´N 12°17´E Charlottenhof see Aegviidu 21 U5 Charlottesville Virginia, NE USA 38°02´N 78°29´W 13 Q14 Charlottetown province capital Prince Edward Island, Prince Edward Island, SE Canada 46°14´N 63°09´W Charlotte Town see Roseau, Dominica Charlotte Town see Gouyave, Grenada 45 Z16 Charlotteville Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago 11°16´N 60°33´W

182 M11 Charlton Victoria, SE Australia 36°18´S 143°19´E 12 H10 Charlton Island island Northwest Territories, C Canada 103 T6 Charmes Vosges, NE France 48°19´N 06°19´E

119 F19 Charnawchytsy Rus. Chernavchitsy. Brestskaya Voblasts’, SW Belarus 52°13´N 23°44´E

15 R10 Charny Québec, SE Canada 149 T5

46°43´N 71°15´W Chārsadda Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, NW Pakistan 34°12´N 71°46´E

Charshanga/ Charshangngy/ Charshangy see Köýtendag Charsk see Shar 181 W6 Charters Towers Queensland, NE Australia 15 R12 102 M6

61 D21 11 N16 21 U7 19 S4 118 M13 115 D15 29 V9

20°02´S 146°20´E Chartierville Québec, SE Canada 45°19´N 71°13´W Chartres anc. Autricum, Civitas Carnutum. Eure-etLoir, C France 48°27´N 01°27´E Charyn see Sharyn Charyn see Sharyn Chascomús Buenos Aires, E Argentina 35°34´S 58°01´W Chase British Columbia, SW Canada 50°49´N 119°41´W Chase City Virginia, NE USA 36°48´N 78°27´W Chase, Mount l Maine, NE USA 46°06´N 68°30´W Chashniki Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’, N Belarus 54°52´N 29°10´E Chásia m C Greece Chaska Minnesota, N USA 44°47´N 93°36´W

185 D25 Chaslands Mistake headland South Island, New Zealand 46°37´S 169°21´E 125 R11 Chasovo Respublika Komi, NW Russian Federation

21 T7

31°28´N 88°15´W

Chatrapur see Chhatrapur 143 S10 Chatrūd Kermān, C Iran 23 S2 23 S8

39 R9 39 R9 147 T8 45 Y14 102 J7 103 Q8 108 C10 102 L7 102 M6 102 K7 15 O13 102 F6 103 N9

37°52´N 55°27´E Chatak see Chhatak Chatang see Zhanang Chatanika Alaska, USA 65°06´N 147°28´W Chatanika River j Alaska, USA Chat-Bazar Talasskaya Oblast’, NW Kyrgyzstan 42°29´N 72°37´E Chateaubelair Saint Vincent, W Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 13°15´N 61°05´W Châteaubriant LoireAtlantique, NW France 47°43´N 01°22´W Château-Chinon Nièvre, C France 47°04´N 03°50´E Château d’Oex Vaud, W Switzerland 46°28´N 07°09´E Château-du-Loir Sarthe, NW France 47°40´N 00°25´E Châteaudun Eure-et-Loir, C France 48°04´N 01°20´E Château-Gontier Mayenne, NW France 47°49´N 00°42´W Châteauguay Québec, SE Canada 45°22´N 73°44´W Châteaulin Finistère, NW France 48°12´N 04°07´W Châteaumeillant Cher, C France 46°33´N 02°10´E

102 K11 Châteauneuf-sur-Charente Charente, W France 45°34´N 00°33´W

103 P4 99 H21

102 L9 29 X10 13 O14 14 D17 97 P22 30 K14

46°50´N 01°43´E Château-Salins Moselle, NE France 48°50´N 06°29´E Château-Thierry Aisne, N France 49°03´N 03°24´E Châtelet Hainaut, S Belgium 50°24´N 04°32´E Châtelherault see Châtellerault Châtellerault var. Châtelherault. Vienne, W France 46°49´N 00°33´E Chatfield Minnesota, N USA 43°51´N 92°11´W Chatham New Brunswick, SE Canada 47°02´N 65°30´W Chatham Ontario, S Canada 42°24´N 82°11´W Chatham SE England, United Kingdom 51°23´N 00°31´E Chatham Illinois, N USA 39°40´N 89°42´W

Mountain Mountain Range

Volcano River

34°46´N 84°46´W Chāttagām see Chittagong Chattahoochee Florida, SE USA 30°40´N 84°51´W

40°54´N 76°22´E

15 R12 Chaudière j Québec, SE Canada 167 S14 Châu Ðôc var. Chauphu, Chau Phu. An Giang, S Vietnam 10°53´N 105°07´E 152 D13 Chauhtan prev. Chohtan. Rājasthān, NW India 166 L5 103 R6

123 T5 103 P3 167 U10

102 I5 18 C11 102 L9 124 L6 14 K10

61 D15

104 I5

82 G13 119 O16

147 U8 139 T6 125 T16 167 T12 23 Q4

21 S2 111 A16 127 Q3 31 Q5

127 O15

67 N4

102 M7 Château-Renault Indre-etLoire, C France 47°34´N 00°52´E 103 N9 Châteauroux prev. Indreville. Indre, C France 103 T5

30°39´N 56°57´E

Chatsworth Georgia, SE USA

Chattahoochee River j SE USA 20 L10 Chattanooga Tennessee, S USA 35°05´N 85°16´W 147 V10 Chatyr-Kël’, Ozero c C Kyrgyzstan 147 W9 Chatyr-Tash Narynskaya Oblast’, C Kyrgyzstan 23 R8

61°58´N 50°34´E

Chasovo see Vazhgort 124 H14 Chastova Novgorodskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 58°37´N 32°05´E 143 R3 Chāt Golestān, N Iran

Chatham Virginia, NE USA 36°49´N 79°26´W

63 F22 Chatham, Isla island S Chile 175 R12 Chatham Island island Chatham Islands, New Zealand Chatham Island see San Cristóbal, Isla Chatham Island Rise see Chatham Rise 175 R12 Chatham Islands island group New Zealand, SW Pacific Ocean 175 Q12 Chatham Rise var. Chatham Island Rise. undersea feature S Pacific Ocean 39 X13 Chatham Strait strait Alaska, USA Chathóir, Rinn see Cahore Point 102 M9 Châtillon-sur-Indre Indre, C France 46°58´N 01°10´E 103 Q7 Châtillon-sur-Seine Côte d’Or, C France 47°51´N 04°30´E 147 S8 Chatkal Uzb. Chotqol. j Kyrgyzstan/Uzbekistan 147 R9 Chatkal Range Rus. Chatkal’skiy Khrebet. m Kyrgyzstan/Uzbekistan Chatkal’skiy Khrebet see Chatkal Range 23 N7 Chatom Alabama, S USA

111 L15 27 Q10 13 R15 166 J7 37 T5 195 S16 74 G5

38 M12 123 R13

25°27´N 71°08´E Chauk Magway, W Myanmar (Burma) 20°52´N 94°50´E Chaumont prev. Chaumonten-Bassigny. Haute-Marne, N France 48°07´N 05°08´E Chaumont-en-Bassigny see Chaumont Chaunskaya Guba bay NE Russian Federation Chauny Aisne, N France 49°37´N 03°13´E Châu Ô var. Binh Sn. Quang Ngai, C Vietnam 15°18´N 108°45´E Chau Phu see Châu Ðôc Chausey, Îles island group N France Chausy see Chavusy Chautauqua Lake c New York, NE USA ChâuThanh see Ba Ria Chauvigny Vienne, W France 46°35´N 00°37´E Chavan’ga Murmanskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 66°07´N 37°44´E Chavannes, Lac c Québec, SE Canada Chavantes, Represa de see Xavantes, Represa de Chavarría Corrientes, NE Argentina 28°57´S 58°35´W Chavash Respubliki see Chuvashskaya Respublika Chaves anc. Aquae Flaviae. Vila Real, N Portugal 41°44´N 07°28´W Chávez, Isla see Santa Cruz, Isla Chavuma North Western, NW Zambia 13°04´S 22°43´E Chavusy Rus. Chausy. Mahilyowskaya Voblasts’, E Belarus 53°48´N 30°58´E Chayan see Shayan Chayek Narynskaya Oblast’, C Kyrgyzstan 41°54´N 74°28´E Chāy Khānah Diyālá, E Iraq 34°19´N 44°33´E Chaykovskiy Permskiy Kray, NW Russian Federation 56°45´N 54°09´E Chbar Môndól Kiri, E Cambodia 12°46´N 107°10´E Cheaha Mountain l Alabama, S USA 33°29´N 85°48´W Cheatharlach see Carlow Cheat River j NE USA Cheb Ger. Eger. Karlovarský Kraj, W Czech Republic 50°05´N 12°23´E Cheboksary Chuvashskaya Respublika, W Russian Federation 56°06´N 47°15´E Cheboygan Michigan, N USA 45°40´N 84°28´W Chechaouèn see Chefchaouen Chechenia see Chechenskaya Respublika Chechenskaya Respublika Eng. Chechenia, Chechnia, Rus. Chechnya. r autonomous republic SW Russian Federation Chech, Erg desert Algeria/ Mali Chechevichi see Chachevichy Che-chiang see Zhejiang Chechnia/Chechnya see Chechenskaya Respublika Chech’ŏn see Jecheon Chęciny Świętokrzyskie, S Poland 50°51´N 20°31´E Checotah Oklahoma, C USA 35°28´N 95°31´W Chedabucto Bay inlet Nova Scotia, E Canada Cheduba Island island W Myanmar (Burma) Cheesman Lake d Colorado, C USA Cheetham, Cape headland Antarctica 70°26´S 162°40´E Chefchaouen var. Chaouèn, Chechaouèn, Sp. Xauen. N Morocco 35°10´N 05°16´W Chefoo see Yantai Chefornak Alaska, USA 60°09´N 164°09´W Chegdomyn Khabarovskiy Kray, SE Russian Federation 51°09´N 132°58´E

Lake Reservoir

76 M4 Chegga Tiris Zemmour, NE Mauritania

32 G9

25°27´N 05°49´W Cheghcheran see Chaghcharān Chehalis Washington, NW USA 46°39´N 122°57´W

32 G9 Chehalis River j Washington, NW USA 148 M6 Chehel Abdālān, Kūh-e var. Chalap Dalam, Pash. Chalap Dalan. m C Afghanistan 115 D14 Cheimadítis, Límni var. Límni Cheimadítis. c N Greece Cheimadítis, Límni see Cheimadítis, Límni 103 U15 Cheiron, Mont l SE France 43°49´N 07°00´E

163 Y17 Cheju k S South Korea 33°31´N 126°29´E Cheju see Jeju Cheju-do see Jeju-do Cheju-haehyeop see Jeju-haehyeop Cheju Strait see Jeju-haehyeop Chekiang see Zhejiang

Chekichler/Chekishlyar see Çekiçler 188 F8 Chelab Babeldaob, N Palau 147 N11 Chelak Rus. Chelek. Samarqand Viloyati, C Uzbekistan 39°55´N 66°45´E

Chelan, Lake d Washington, NW USA Chelek see Chelak Cheleken see Hazar Chélif/Chéliff see Chelif, Oued 74 J5 Chelif, Oued var. Chélif, Chéliff, Chellif, Shellif. j N Algeria Chelkar see Shalkar Chelkar Ozero see Shalkar, Ozero Chellif see Chelif, Oued 111 P14 Chełm Rus. Kholm. Lubelskie, SE Poland 32 J7

51°08´N 23°29´E

Chełmno Ger. Culm, Kulm. Kujawski-pomorskie, C Poland 53°21´N 18°27´E 115 E19 Chelmós var. Ároania. m S Greece 14 F10 Chelmsford Ontario, S Canada 110 I9

46°33´N 81°16´W

97 P21 Chelmsford E England, United Kingdom 110 J9

51°44´N 00°28´E

Chełmża Ger. Culmsee, Kulmsee. Kujawskipomorskie, C Poland 53°11´N 18°34´E

27 Q8 Chelsea Oklahoma, C USA 36°32´N 95°25´W

18 M8 Chelsea Vermont, NE USA 43°58´N 72°29´W

97 L21 Cheltenham C England, United Kingdom

51°54´N 02°04´W Chelva Valenciana, E Spain 39°45´N 01°00´W 122 G11 Chelyabinsk Chelyabinskaya Oblast’, C Russian Federation 55°12´N 61°25´E

105 R9

Chelyabinskaya Oblast’ r province C Russian Federation N5 Chelyuskin, Mys headland N Russian Federation 77°42´N 104°13´E Y12 Chemax Yucatán, SE Mexico 20°41´N 87°54´W N16 Chemba Sofala, C Mozambique 17°11´S 34°53´E J13 Chembe Luapula, NE Zambia 11°58´S 28°45´E T4 Chemchemal Ar. Juwārtā, var. Chamchamāļ. At Ta’mím, N Iraq 35°32´N 44°50´E Chemenibit see Çemenibit Chemerisy see Chamyarysy K7 Chemerivtsi Khmel’nyts’ka Oblast’, W Ukraine 49°00´N 26°21´E J8 Chemillé Maine-et-Loire, NW France 47°15´N 00°42´W X17 Chemin Grenier S Mauritius 20°29´S 57°28´E N16 Chemnitz prev. Karl-MarxStadt. Sachsen, E Germany 50°50´N 12°55´E Chemulpo see Incheon H14 Chemult Oregon, NW USA 43°14´N 121°48´W G12 Chemung River j New York/Pennsylvania, NE USA U8 Chenāb j India/Pakistan S9 Chena Hot Springs Alaska, USA 65°06´N 146°02´W I11 Chenango River j New York, NE USA J7 Chenderoh, Tasik c Peninsular Malaysia Q11 Chêne, Rivière du j Québec, SE Canada L8 Cheney Washington, NW USA 47°29´N 117°34´W M6 Cheney Reservoir d Kansas, C USA Chengchiatun see Liaoyuan Ch’eng-chou/Chengchow see Zhengzhou P1 Chengde var. Jehol. Hebei, E China 41°N 117°57´E I9 Chengdu var. Chengtu, Ch’eng-tu. province capital Sichuan, C China 30°41´N 104°03´E Q14 Chenghai Guangdong, S China 23°30´N 116°42´E Chenghsien see Zhengzhou H13 Chengjiang Yunnan, SW China 24°40´N 102°55´E Chengjiang see Taihe L17 Chengmai var. Jinjiang. Hainan, S China 19°45´N 109°56´E Chengtu/Ch’eng-tu see Chengdu Chengwen see Chindu W12 Chengxian var. Cheng Xiang. Gansu, C China 33°42´N 105°45´E Cheng Xiang see Chengxian Chengyang see Juxian Chengzhong see Ningming Chenkiang see Zhenjiang J19 Chennai prev. Madras. state capital Tamil Nādu, S India 13°05´N 80°18´E J19 Chennai k Tamil Nādu, S India 13°07´N 80°13´E R8 Chenôve Côte d’Or, C France 47°16´N 05°00´E Chenstokhov see Częstochowa

122 F1 123 41 83 82 139

116 102 173 101

32 18 149 39 18 168 15 32 26

161 160

161 160 160

159

155 155 103

235

Chenxi – Chmielnik 160 L11 Chenxi var. Chenyang. Hunan, S China 28°02´N 110°15´E

Chen Xian/Chenxian/Chen Xiang see Chenzhou Chenyang see Chenxi 161 N12 Chenzhou var. Chenxian, Chen Xian, Chen Xiang. Hunan, S China 25°51´N 113°01´E

163 X15 Cheonan Jap. Tenan; prev. Ch’ŏnan. W South Korea 36°51´N 127°11´E

163 W13 Cheongju prev. Chŏngju. W North Korea 39°44´N 125°13´E Cheo Reo see A Yun Pa 114 I11 Chepelare Smolyan, S Bulgaria 41°44´N 24°41´E

114 I11 Chepelarska Reka j S Bulgaria 56 B11 Chepén La Libertad, C Peru 62 J10 161 O15 43 U14

125 R14 30 K3 103 O8 102 M8 81 H17 21 S11 102 I3 127 R5 125 U12 124 J14 122 M13

124 K14

07°15´S 79°23´W Chepes La Rioja, C Argentina 31°19´S 66°40´W Chep Lap Kok k S China 22°23´N 114°11´E Chepo Panamá, C Panama 09°09´N 79°03´W Chepping Wycombe see High Wycombe Cheptsa j NW Russian Federation

Chequamegon Point headland Wisconsin, N USA

46°42´N 90°45´W Cher r department C France Cher j C France Cherangani Hills see Cherangany Hills Cherangany Hills var. Cherangani Hills. m  W Kenya Cheraw South Carolina, SE USA 34°42´N 79°52´W Cherbourg anc. Carusbur. Manche, N France 49°40´N 01°36´W Cherdakly Ul’yanovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 54°21´N 48°54´E Cherdyn’ Permskiy Kray, NW Russian Federation 60°21´N 56°39´E Cherekha j W Russian Federation Cheremkhovo Irkutskaya Oblast’, S Russian Federation 53°16´N 102°44´E Cheren see Keren Cherepovets Vologodskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 59°09´N 37°50´E

125 O11 Cherevkovo Arkhangel’skaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 61°45´N 45°16´E

Chergui, Chott ech salt lake NW Algeria Cherikov see Cherykaw 117 P6 Cherkas’ka Oblast’ var. Cherkasy, Rus. Cherkasskaya Oblast’. r province C Ukraine Cherkasskaya Oblast’ see Cherkas’ka Oblast’ Cherkassy see Cherkasy 117 Q6 Cherkasy Rus. Cherkassy. Cherkas’ka Oblast’, C Ukraine 74 I6

126 M15

122 H12 122 H12 125 U13

125 T3

125 T4

117 Q2

117 V9 117 P2

114 I9 116 J8

114 I9 114 G10

116 K8

116 M7

145 T7

145 U8

125 U16 117 N4

236

49°26´N 32°05´E Cherkasy see Cherkas’ka Oblast’ Cherkessk KarachayevoCherkesskaya Respublika, SW Russian Federation 44°12´N 42°06´E Cherlak Omskaya Oblast’, C Russian Federation 54°06´N 74°59´E Cherlakskoye Omskaya Oblast’, C Russian Federation 53°42´N 74°23´E Chermoz Permskiy Kray, NW Russian Federation 58°49´N 56°07´E Chernavchitsy see Charnawchytsy Chernaya Nenetskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug, NW Russian Federation 68°36´N 56°34´E Chernaya j NW Russian Federation Chernigov see Chernihiv Chernigovskaya Oblast’ see Chernihivs’ka Oblast’ Chernihiv Rus. Chernigov. Chernihivs’ka Oblast’, NE Ukraine 51°28´N 31°19´E Chernihiv see Chernihivs’ka Oblast’ Chernihivka Zaporiz’ka Oblast’, SE Ukraine 47°11´N 36°10´E

Chernihivs’ka Oblast’ var. Chernihiv, Rus. Chernigovskaya Oblast’. r province NE Ukraine Cherni Osŭm j N Bulgaria Chernivets’ka Oblast’ var. Chernivtsi, Rus. Chernovitskaya Oblast’. r province W Ukraine Cherni Vit j NW Bulgaria Cherni Vrah , Cherni Vrŭkh. l W Bulgaria 42°33´N 23°18´E Cherni Vrŭkh see Cherni Vrah Chernivtsi Ger. Czernowitz, Rom. Cernăui, Rus. Chernovtsy. Chernivets’ka Oblast’, W Ukraine 48°18´N 25°55´E Chernivtsi Vinnyts’ka Oblast’, C Ukraine 48°33´N 28°06´E Chernivtsi see Chernivets’ka Oblast’ Chernobyl’ see Chornobyl’ Cherno More see Black Sea Chernomorskoye see Chornomors’ke Chernoretsk prev. Chernoretskoye. Pavlodar, NE Kazakhstan 52°51´N 76°37´E Chernoretskoye see Chernoretsk Chernovitskaya Oblast’ see Chernivets’ka Oblast’ Chernovtsy see Chernivtsi Chernoye Pavlodar, NE Kazakhstan 51°40´N 77°33´E Chernoye More see Black Sea Chernushka Permskiy Kray, NW Russian Federation 56°30´N 56°07´E Chernyakhiv Rus. Chernyakhov. Zhytomyrs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 50°30´N 28°38´E Chernyakhov see Chernyakhiv

119 C14 Chernyakhovsk Ger. Insterburg. Kaliningradskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 54°36´N 21°49´E

Chernyanka Belgorodskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation

126 K8

50°59´N 37°54´E

125 V5 144 J14 123 O10 127 P13

127 V7

Chernyshëva, Gryada m NW Russian Federation Chernyshëva, Zaliv gulf SW Kazakhstan Chernyshevskiy Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 62°57´N 112°29´E Chernyye Zemli plain SW Russian Federation Chërnyy Irtysh see Ertix He, China/Kazakhstan Chërnyy Irtysh see Kara Irtysh, Kazakhstan Chernyy Otrog Orenburgskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 52°03´N 56°09´E

29 T12 Cherokee Iowa, C USA 42°45´N 95°33´W

26 M8 Cherokee Oklahoma, C USA 36°45´N 98°22´W Cherokee Texas, SW USA 30°56´N 98°42´W

25 R9

21 O8 Cherokee Lake d Tennessee, S USA Cherokees, Lake O’ The see Grand Lake O’ The Cherokees 44 H1 Cherokee Sound Great Abaco, N The Bahamas 153 V13 28 L9 18 J16 27 Q7 21 Q10

123 T6 123 R8

126 L10

114 H8

26°16´N 77°03´W Cherrapunji Meghālaya, NE India 25°16´N 91°42´E Cherry Creek j South Dakota, N USA Cherry Hill New Jersey, NE USA 39°55´N 75°01´W Cherryvale Kansas, C USA 37°16´N 95°33´W Cherryville North Carolina, SE USA 35°22´N 81°22´W Cherski Range see Cherskogo, Khrebet Cherskiy Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 68°45´N 161°15´E Cherskogo, Khrebet var. Cherski Range. m NE Russian Federation Cherso see Cres Chertkovo Rostovskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 49°22´N 40°10´E Cherven’ see Chervyen’ Cherven Bryag Pleven, N Bulgaria 43°16´N 24°06´E

116 M4 Chervonoarmiys’k Zhytomyrs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 50°27´N 28°15´E Chervonograd see Chervonohrad 116 I4 Chervonohrad Rus. Chervonograd. L’vivs’ka Oblast’, NW Ukraine 50°25´N 24°10´E

117 W6 Chervonooskil’s’ke Vodoskhovyshche Rus. Krasnoosol’skoye Vodokhranilishche. d NE Ukraine Chervonoye, Ozero see Chyrvonaye, Vozyera 117 S4 Chervonozavods’ke Poltavs’ka Oblast’, C Ukraine 119 L16 119 P16 31 R9 21 X5

97 K18 125 P5

14 F14 21 Q10 97 K18

35 O4 30 K16 33 S7 18 I16 21 R1 25 X9 21 W6 21 R11 97 M18 21 S11 21 W6 192 J9 9

O9

9

O9

21 Y3 21 X3 19 R4 30 J5 13 R14 27 Q8 41 Y14

50°24´N 33°22´E Chervyen’ Rus. Cherven’. Minskaya Voblasts’, C Belarus 53°42´N 28°26´E Cherykaw Rus. Cherikov. Mahilyowskaya Voblasts’, E Belarus 53°34´N 31°23´E Chesaning Michigan, N USA 43°10´N 84°07´W Chesapeake Bay inlet NE USA Chesha Bay see Chëshskaya Guba Cheshevlya see Tsyeshawlya Cheshire cultural region C England, United Kingdom Chëshskaya Guba var. Archangel Bay, Chesha Bay, Dvina Bay. bay NW Russian Federation Chesley Ontario, S Canada 44°17´N 81°06´W Chesnee South Carolina, SE USA 35°09´N 81°51´W Chester Wel. Caerleon, hist. Legaceaster, Lat. Deva, Devana Castra. C England, United Kingdom 53°12´N 02°54´W Chester California, W USA 40°18´N 121°14´W Chester Illinois, N USA 37°54´N 89°49´W Chester Montana, NW USA 48°30´N 110°59´W Chester Pennsylvania, NE USA 39°51´N 75°21´W Chester South Carolina, SE USA 34°43´N 81°14´W Chester Texas, SW USA 30°55´N 94°36´W Chester Virginia, NE USA 37°22´N 77°27´W Chester West Virginia, NE USA 40°34´N 80°33´W Chesterfield C England, United Kingdom 53°15´N 01°25´W Chesterfield South Carolina, SE USA 34°44´N 80°04´W Chesterfield Virginia, NE USA 37°22´N 77°31´W Chesterfield, Îles island group NW New Caledonia Chesterfield Inlet Nunavut, NW Canada 63°19´N 90°57´W Chesterfield Inlet inlet Nunavut, N Canada Chester River j Delaware/ Maryland, NE USA Chestertown Maryland, NE USA 39°13´N 76°04´W Chesuncook Lake c Maine, NE USA Chetek Wisconsin, N USA 45°19´N 91°37´W Chéticamp Nova Scotia, SE Canada 46°14´N 61°19´W Chetopa Kansas, C USA 37°02´N 95°05´W Chetumal var. Payo Obispo. Quintana Roo, SE Mexico 18°32´N 88°16´W

Chetumal, Bahia/ Chetumal, Bahía de see Chetumal Bay 42 G1 Chetumal Bay var. Bahia Chetumal, Bahía de Chetumal. bay Belize/Mexico 10 M13 Chetwynd British Columbia, W Canada 55°42´N 121°36´W

Country Country Capital

38 M11 Chevak Alaska, USA

39 R11 Chickaloon Alaska, USA

30 K12 Chillicothe Illinois, N USA

36 M12 Chevelon Creek j Arizona, SW USA 185 J17 Cheviot Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand

20 L10 Chickamauga Lake d Tennessee, S USA 23 N7 Chickasawhay River j Mississippi, S USA 26 M11 Chickasha Oklahoma, C USA

27 S3

39 T9

10 M17 Chilliwack British Columbia, SW Canada

61°31´N 165°35´W

96 L13 96 L13 14 M11 81 I16 32 L7 26 K10 33 Z17

42°48´S 173°17´E Cheviot Hills hill range England/Scotland, United Kingdom Cheviot, The l NE England, United Kingdom 55°28´N 02°10´W Chevreuil, Lac du c Québec, SE Canada Ch’ew Bahir var. Lake Stefanie. c Ethiopia/Kenya Chewelah Washington, NW USA 48°16´N 117°42´W Cheyenne Oklahoma, C USA 35°37´N 99°43´W Cheyenne state capital Wyoming, C USA 41°08´N 104°46´W

Cheyenne Bottoms c Kansas, C USA 16 J8 Cheyenne River j South Dakota/Wyoming, N USA 37 W5 Cheyenne Wells Colorado, C USA 38°49´N 102°21´W 108 C9 Cheyres Vaud, W Switzerland 26 L5

46°48´N 06°48´E

Chezdi-Oșorheiu see Târgu Secuiesc 153 P13 Chhapra prev. Chapra. Bihār, N India 25°50´N 84°42´E 153 V13 Chhatak var. Chatak. Sylhet, NE Bangladesh 25°02´N 91°33´E 154 J9 Chhatarpur Madhya Pradesh, C India 154 N13 154 K2 154 L12 154 I11 153 T12

83 B15

167 P8 167 O7

167 O7 167 O6

106 G12 41 U16 41 V16 106 J12

24°54´N 79°35´E Chhatrapur prev. Chatrapur. Odisha, E India 19°26´N 85°02´E Chhattīsgarh r state E India Chhattīsgarh plain C India Chhindwāra Madhya Pradesh, C India 22°04´N 78°58´E Chhukha SW Bhutan 27°02´N 89°36´E Chiai see Jiayi Chia-i see Jiayi Chia-mu-ssu see Jiamusi Chiange Port. Vila de Almoster. Huíla, SW Angola 15°44´S 13°54´E Chiang-hsi see Jiangxi Chiang Kai-shek see Taiwan Taoyuan Chiang Khan Loei, E Thailand 17°51´N 101°43´E Chiang Mai var. Chiangmai, Chiengmai, Kiangmai. Chiang Mai, NW Thailand 18°48´N 98°59´E Chiang Mai k Chiang Mai, NW Thailand 18°44´N 98°53´E Chiangmai see Chiang Mai Chiang Rai var. Chianpai, Chienrai, Muang Chiang Rai. Chiang Rai, NW Thailand 19°56´N 99°51´E Chiang-su see Jiangsu Chianning/Chian-ning see Nanjing Chianpai see Chiang Rai Chianti cultural region C Italy Chiapa see Chiapa de Corzo Chiapa de Corzo var. Chiapa. Chiapas, SE Mexico 16°42´N 92°59´W Chiapas r state SE Mexico Chiaravalle Marche, C Italy 43°36´N 13°19´E

107 N22 Chiaravalle Centrale Calabria, SW Italy 106 E7

38°40´N 16°25´E

Chiari Lombardia, N Italy 45°33´N 10°00´E

108 H12 Chiasso Ticino, S Switzerland 137 41

106 106

165 165 83 161 83

83 82 82 12 164 83 31 31 15 39

45°51´N 09°02´E S9 Chiatura prev. Chiat’ura. C Georgia 42°13´N 43°11´E Chiat’ura see Chiatura P15 Chiautla var. Chiautla de Tapia. Puebla, S Mexico 18°16´N 98°31´W Chiautla de Tapia see Chiautla D10 Chiavari Liguria, NW Italy 44°19´N 09°19´E E6 Chiavenna Lombardia, N Italy 46°19´N 09°22´E Chiayi see Jiayi Chiazza see Piazza Armerina O14 Chiba var. Tiba. Chiba, Honshū, S Japan 35°37´N 140°06´E O13 Chiba off. Chiba-ken, var. Tiba. r prefecture Honshū, S Japan M18 Chibabava Sofala, C Mozambique 20°17´S 33°39´E Chiba-ken see Chiba O10 Chibi prev. Puqi. Hubei, C China 29°45´N 113°55´E B15 Chibia Port. João de Almeida, Vila João de Almeida. Huíla, SW Angola 15°11´S 13°41´E M18 Chiboma Sofala, C Mozambique 20°06´S 33°54´E J12 Chibondo Luapula, N Zambia 10°42´S 28°42´E K11 Chibote Luapula, NE Zambia 09°52´S 29°33´E K12 Chibougamau Québec, SE Canada 49°56´N 74°24´W H11 Chiburi-jima island Okishotō, SW Japan M20 Chibuto Gaza, S Mozambique 24°40´S 33°33´E N11 Chicago Illinois, N USA 41°51´N 87°39´W N11 Chicago Heights Illinois, N USA 41°30´N 87°38´W W6 Chic-Chocs, Monts Eng. Shickshock Mountains. m Québec, SE Canada W13 Chichagof Island island Alexander Archipelago, Alaska, USA

57 K20 Chichas, Cordillera de m SW Bolivia 41 X12 Chichén-Itzá, Ruinas ruins Yucatán, SE Mexico 97 N23 Chichester SE England, United Kingdom 42 C5 42 I9

50°50´N 00°48´W

Chichicastenango Quiché, W Guatemala 14°55´N 91°06´W Chichigalpa Chinandega, NW Nicaragua 12°35´N 87°04´W

Ch’i-ch’i-ha-erh see Qiqihar 165 X16 Chichijima-rettō Eng. Beechy Group. island group SE Japan 54 K4 Chichiriviche Falcón, N Venezuela 10°58´N 68°17´W

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

61°48´N 148°27´W

35°03´N 97°57´W Chicken Alaska, USA 64°04´N 141°56´W

104 J16 Chiclana de la Frontera Andalucía, S Spain 36°26´N 06°09´W

56 B11 Chiclayo Lambayeque, NW Peru 06°47´S 79°47´W 35 N5 Chico California, W USA 39°42´N 121°51´W

83 L15 Chicoa Tete, NW Mozambique 15°45´S 32°25´E

83 M20 Chicomo Gaza, S Mozambique 24°29´S 34°15´E 18 M11 Chicopee Massachusetts, NE USA 42°08´N 72°34´W 63 I19 Chico, Río j SE Argentina 63 I21 Chico, Río j S Argentina 27 W14 Chicot, Lake c Arkansas, C USA 15 R7 Chicoutimi Québec, SE Canada 48°24´N 71°04´W 15 Q8 Chicoutimi j Québec, SE Canada 83 L19 Chicualacuala Gaza, SW Mozambique 22°06´S 31°42´E

83 B14 Chicuma Benguela, C Angola 13°33´S 14°41´E

155 J21 Chidambaram Tamil Nādu, SE India 11°25´N 79°42´E 196 K13 Chidley, Cape headland Newfoundland and Labrador, E Canada 60°25´N 64°39´W 101 N24 Chiemsee c SE Germany Chiengmai see Chiang Mai Chienrai see Chiang Rai 106 B8 Chieri Piemonte, NW Italy 106 F8 107 K14 99 E19 163 S12 82 F13 82 M13

45°01´N 07°49´E Chiese j N Italy Chieti var. Teate. Abruzzo, C Italy 42°22´N 14°10´E Chièvres Hainaut, SW Belgium 50°34´N 03°49´E Chifeng var. Ulanhad. Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China 42°17´N 118°56´E Chifumage j E Angola Chifunda Muchinga, NE Zambia 11°57´S 32°36´E Chiganak see Shyganak

39 P15 Chiginagak, Mount l Alaska, USA

57°10´N 157°00´W Chigirin see Chyhyryn

Chigirinskoye Vodokhranilishche see Chyhirynskaye Vodaskhovishcha 41 P13 Chignahuapan Puebla, S Mexico 19°52´N 98°03´W 39 O15 Chignik Alaska, USA 56°18´N 158°24´W

83 M19 Chigombe j S Mozambique 54 D7 Chigorodó Antioquia, NW Colombia 07°42´N 76°45´W 83 M19 Chigubo Gaza, S Mozambique 22°50´S 33°30´E Chihertey see Altay Chih-fu see Yantai Chihli see Hebei Chihli, Gulf of see Bo Hai 40 J6 Chihuahua Chihuahua, NW Mexico 28°40´N 106°06´W 40 I6 Chihuahua r state N Mexico Chiili see Shiyeli 26 M7 Chikaskia River j Kansas/ Oklahoma, C USA 155 H19 Chik Ballāpur Karnātaka, W India 13°28´N 77°42´E 124 G15 Chikhachevo Pskovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 57°17´N 29°51´E

155 F19 Chikmagalūr Karnātaka, W India 13°20´N 75°46´E 129 V7 Chikoy j C Russian Federation 83 J15 Chikumbi Lusaka, C Zambia

146 L14

41 P16 155 J25 57 D15 23 Q4 25 P4 63 G14 47 R10 63 H20 62 I9 62 H12 83 L14 193 S11

166 K4 83 K16

39°20´N 83°00´W 34°15´N 99°31´W

49°09´N 121°54´W

Chill Mhantáin, Ceann see Wicklow Head Chill Mhantáin, Sléibhte see Wicklow Mountains 108 C10 Chillon Vaud, W Switzerland 46°24´N 06°56´E

Chil’mamedkum, Peski/ Chilmämetgum see Çilmämmetgum 63 F17 Chiloé, Isla de var. Isla Grande de Chiloé. island W Chile 32 H15 Chiloquin Oregon, NW USA 42°33´N 121°33´W 41 O16 Chilpancingo var. Chilpancingo de los Bravos. Guerrero, S Mexico 17°33´N 99°30´W

Chilpancingo de los Bravos see Chilpancingo 97 N21 Chiltern Hills hill range S England, United Kingdom 30 M7 Chilton Wisconsin, N USA 44°04´N 88°10´W

82 F11 Chiluage Lunda Sul, NE Angola 09°32´S 21°48´E 82 N12 Chilumba prev. Deep Bay. Northern, N Malawi

Administrative Regions International Airport

149 U8

78 M13 37 O9

164 C12 102 L8 33 T7

192 L4

167 R10 Chi, Mae Nam j E Thailand 42 C6 Chimaltenango Chimaltenango, C Guatemala

82 L12

147 P10

08°42´N 78°35´W

83 M17 Chimanimani prev. Mandidzudzure, Melsetter. Manicaland, E Zimbabwe 19°48´S 32°52´E

99 G22 Chimay Hainaut, S Belgium 37 S10

56 A13 56 C7 56 C12 146 H7

186 D7 54 F6

28 I14 83 M17 82 K11 41 O8 156 M9

19 Q7

42 H9

50°03´N 04°20´E Chimayo New Mexico, SW USA 36°00´N 105°55´W Chimbay see Chimboy Chimborazo r province C Ecuador Chimborazo i C Ecuador 01°29´S 78°50´W Chimbote Ancash, W Peru 09°04´S 78°34´W Chimboy Rus. Chimbay. Qoraqalpog‘iston Respublikasi, NW Uzbekistan 43°03´N 59°52´E Chimbu var. Simbu. r province C Papua New Guinea Chimichagua Cesar, N Colombia 09°19´N 73°51´W Chimishliya see Cimişlia Chimkent see Shymkent Chimkentskaya Oblast’ see Yuzhnyy Kazakhstan Chimney Rock rock Nebraska, C USA Chimoio Manica, C Mozambique 19°08´S 33°29´E Chimpembe Northern, NE Zambia 09°31´S 29°33´E China Nuevo León, NE Mexico 25°42´N 99°15´W China off. People’s Republic of China, Chin. Chung-hua Jen-min Kungho-kuo, Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo; prev. Chinese Empire. b republic E Asia China Lake c Maine, NE USA Chinameca San Miguel, E El Salvador 13°30´N 88°20´W* Chi-nan/Chinan see Jinan Chinandega Chinandega, NW Nicaragua 12°37´N 87°08´W Chinandega r department NW Nicaragua

China, People’s Republic of see China China, Republic of see Taiwan 24 J11 Chinati Mountains m Texas, SW USA Chinaz see Chinoz 57 E15 Chincha Alta Ica, SW Peru 13°25´S 76°07´W 11 N11 Chinchaga j Alberta, SW Canada Chin-chiang see Quanzhou Chinchilla see Chinchilla de Monte Aragón

105 Q11 Chinchilla de Monte Aragón var. Chinchilla. Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 54 D10 105 O8 41 Z14

21 Z5 83 O17

159 R13

166 M2

82 J13

82 C13

166 K5

14°40´N 90°48´W

Chimaltenango off. Departamento de Chimaltenango. r department S Guatemala Chimaltenango, Departamento de see Chimaltenango 43 V15 Chimán Panamá, E Panama 42 A2

42 H9

36°37´S 72°10´W

14 G10

36 K11

16°09´N 80°13´E Chilan Lebap Welaýaty, E Turkmenistan 37°57´N 64°58´E Chilapa see Chilapa de Alvarez Chilapa de Alvarez var. Chilapa. Guerrero, S Mexico 17°38´N 99°11´W Chilaw North Western Province, W Sri Lanka 07°34´N 79°48´E Chilca Lima, W Peru 12°35´S 76°41´W Childersburg Alabama, S USA 33°16´N 86°21´W Childress Texas, SW USA 34°25´N 100°14´W Chile off. Republic of Chile. b republic SW South America Chile Basin undersea feature E Pacific Ocean 33°00´S 80°00´W Chile Chico Aisén, W Chile 46°34´S 71°44´W Chilecito La Rioja, NW Argentina 29°10´S 67°30´W Chilecito Mendoza, W Argentina 33°53´S 69°03´W Chilembwe Eastern, E Zambia 13°54´S 31°38´E Chile, Republic of see Chile Chile Rise undersea feature SE Pacific Ocean 40°00´S 90°00´W

61 C22 Chillar Buenos Aires, E Argentina 37°16´S 59°58´W Chill Chiaráin, Cuan see Kilkieran Bay

39 Q14

10°27´S 34°12´E Chilung see Jilong 83 N15 Chilwa, Lake var. Lago Chirua, Lake Shirwa. c SE Malawi

42 F8

117 N13 Chilia, Braul j SE Romania Chilia-Nouă see Kiliya Chilik see Shelek Chilik see Shelek 154 O13 Chilika Lake var. Chilka Lake. c E India 82 J13 Chililabombwe Copperbelt, C Zambia 12°20´S 27°52´E Chi-lin see Jilin Chilka Lake see Chilika Lake 10 H9 Chilkoot Pass pass British Columbia, W Canada Chill Ala, Cuan see Killala Bay 62 G13 Chillán Bío Bío, C Chile

39°47´N 93°33´W

25 Q4 Chillicothe Texas, SW USA

16°03´S 34°48´E

155 J16 Chilakalūrupet Andhra Pradesh, E India

76 I7

31 S14 Chillicothe Ohio, N USA

15°11´S 28°20´E

82 M13 Chikwa Muchinga, NE Zambia 11°39´S 32°45´E Chikwana see Chikwawa 83 N15 Chikwawa var. Chikwana. Southern, S Malawi

40°55´N 89°29´W

Chillicothe Missouri, C USA

38°56´N 01°44´W Chinchiná Caldas, W Colombia 04°59´N 75°37´W Chinchón Madrid, C Spain 40°08´N 03°26´W Chinchorro, Banco island SE Mexico Chin-chou/Chinchow see Jinzhou Chincoteague Assateague Island, Virginia, NE USA 37°55´N 75°22´W Chinde Zambézia, NE Mozambique 18°35´S 36°28´E Chin-do see Jin-do Chindu var. Chengwen; prev. Chuqung. Qinghai, C China 33°19´N 97°08´E Chindwin see Chindwinn Chindwinn var. Chindwin. j N Myanmar (Burma) Chinese Empire see China Chinghai see Qinghai Ch’ing Hai see Qinghai Hu, China Chingildi see Shengeldi Chingirlau see Shyngghyrlau Chingola Copperbelt, C Zambia 12°31´S 27°53´E Ching-Tao/Ch’ing-tao see Qingdao Chinguar Huambo, C Angola 12°33´S 16°25´E

Mountain Mountain Range

54 E6 99 K24 83 M15 106 H8 114 H12 115 L18

115 K18 83 M14 83 C14 23 R8 155 D15 81 H22 23 R8 97 L22 30 J6

Chingueṭṭi var. Chinguetti. Adrar, C Mauritania

20°25´N 12°24´W Chinhae see Jinhae Chin Hills m W Myanmar (Burma) Chinhoyi prev. Sinoia. Mashonaland West, N Zimbabwe 17°22´S 30°12´E Chinhsien see Jinzhou Chiniak, Cape headland Kodiak Island, Alaska, USA 57°37´N 152°10´W Chiniguchi Lake c Ontario, S Canada Chinīot Punjab, NE Pakistan 31°40´N 73°00´E Chinju see Jinju Chinkai see Jinhae Chinko j E Central African Republic Chinle Arizona, SW USA 36°09´N 109°33´W Chinmen Tao see Jinmen Dao Chinnchâr see Shinshār Chinnereth see Tiberias, Lake Chino var. Tino. Nagano, Honshū, S Japan 36°00´N 138°10´E Chinon Indre-et-Loire, C France 47°10´N 00°15´E Chinook Montana, NW USA 48°35´N 109°13´W Chinook State see Washington Chinook Trough undersea feature N Pacific Ocean Chino Valley Arizona, SW USA 34°45´N 112°27´W Chinoz Rus. Chinaz. Toshkent Viloyati, E Uzbekistan 40°58´N 68°46´E Chinsali Muchinga, NE Zambia 10°33´S 32°05´E Chin State r state W Myanmar (Burma) Chinsura see Chunchura Chin-tō see Jin-do Chinú Córdoba, NW Colombia 09°07´N 75°25´W Chiny, Forêt de forest SE Belgium Chioco Tete, NW Mozambique 16°22´S 32°50´E Chioggia anc. Fossa Claudia. Veneto, NE Italy 45°14´N 12°17´E Chionótrypa l NE Greece 41°16´N 24°06´E Chíos var. Hios, Khíos, It. Scio, Turk. SakizAdasi. Chíos, E Greece 38°23´N 26°07´E Chíos var. Khíos. island E Greece Chipata prev. Fort Jameson. Eastern, E Zambia 13°40´S 32°42´E Chipindo Huíla, C Angola 13°53´S 15°47´E Chipley Florida, SE USA 30°46´N 85°32´W Chiplūn Mahārāshtra, W India 17°32´N 73°32´E Chipogolo Dodoma, C Tanzania 06°52´S 36°03´E Chipola River j Florida, SE USA Chippenham S England, United Kingdom 51°28´N 02°07´W Chippewa Falls Wisconsin, N USA 44°56´N 91°25´W

Chippewa, Lake d Wisconsin, N USA 31 Q8 Chippewa River j Michigan, N USA 30 I6 Chippewa River j Wisconsin, N USA Chipping Wycombe see High Wycombe 114 G8 Chiprovtsi Montana, NW Bulgaria 43°23´N 22°53´E 19 T4 Chiputneticook Lakes lakes Canada/USA 56 D13 Chiquián Ancash, W Peru 30 J4

10°09´S 78°08´W 41 Y11 Chiquilá Quintana Roo, SE Mexico 21°25´N 87°20´W 42 E6 Chiquimula Chiquimula, SE Guatemala 14°46´N 89°32´W 42 A3 Chiquimula off. Departamento de Chiquimula. r department SE Guatemala

Chiquimula, Departamento de see Chiquimula 42 D7 Chiquimulilla Santa Rosa, S Guatemala 14°06´N 90°23´W 54 F9 Chiquinquirá Boyacá, C Colombia 05°37´N 73°51´W 155 J17 Chīrāla Andhra Pradesh, E India 15°49´N 80°21´E 149 N4 Chīras Gōwr, N Afghanistan 35°15´N 65°39´E

152 H11 Chirāwa Rājasthān, N India

28°12´N 75°42´E Chirchik see Chirchiq 147 Q9 Chirchiq Rus. Chirchik. Toshkent Viloyati, E Uzbekistan 41°30´N 69°32´E 147 P10 Chirchiq j E Uzbekistan Chire see Shire 83 L18 Chiredzi Masvingo, SE Zimbabwe 21°00´S 31°38´E 25 X8 Chireno Texas, SW USA 31°30´N 94°21´W 77 X7 Chirfa Agadez, NE Niger 21°01´N 12°41´E

37 O16 Chiricahua Mountains m Arizona, SW USA 37 O16 Chiricahua Peak l Arizona, SW USA 31°51´N 109°17´W 54 F6 Chiriguaná Cesar, N Colombia 09°24´N 73°38´W 39 P15 Chirikof Island island Alaska, USA 43 P16 Chiriquí off. Provincia de Chiriquí. r province SW Panama 43 P17 Chiriquí, Golfo de Eng. Chiriqui Gulf. gulf SW Panama 43 P15 Chiriquí Grande Bocas del Toro, W Panama 08°58´N 82°08´W Chiriqui Gulf see Chiriquí, Golfo de 43 P15 Chiriquí, Laguna de lagoon NW Panama Chiriquí, Provincia de see Chiriquí

43 N14 Chirripó Atlántico, Río j E Costa Rica Chirripó, Cerro see Chirripó Grande, Cerro Chirripó del Pacífico, Río see Chirripó, Río 43 N14 Chirripó Grande, Cerro var. Cerro Chirripó. l SE Costa Rica 09°31´N 83°28´W

43 N13 Chirripó, Río var. Río Chirripó del Pacífico. j NE Costa Rica Chirua, Lago see Chilwa, Lake 83 J15 Chirundu Southern, S Zambia 16°03´S 28°50´E 29 W8 Chisago City Minnesota, N USA 45°22´N 92°53´W 83 J14 Chisamba Central, C Zambia 15°00´S 28°22´E

39 T10 Chisana Alaska, USA 62°09´N 142°07´W

82 I13 Chisasa North Western, NW Zambia 12°09´S 25°30´E 12 I9 Chisasibi prev. Fort George. Québec, C Canada 53°50´N 79°01´W

42 D4 Chisec Alta Verapaz, C Guatemala 15°50´N 90°18´W

127 U5 Chishmy Respublika Bashkortostan, W Russian Federation 54°33´N 55°21´E 29 V4 Chisholm Minnesota, N USA 47°29´N 92°52´W

149 U10 Chishtiān var. Chishtiān Mandi. Punjab, E Pakistan 29°44´N 72°54´E

Chishtiān Mandi see Chishtiān 160 I11 Chishui He j C China Chisimaio/Chisimayu see Kismaayo 117 N10 Chişinău Rus. Kishinev. a (Moldova) C Moldova 47°N 28°51´E

117 N10 Chişinău k S Moldova 46°54´N 28°56´E

Chișinău-Criș see Chişineu-Criş 116 F10 Chişineu-Criş Hung. Kisjenő; prev. ChișinăuCriș. Arad, W Romania 46°33´N 21°30´E

83 K14 Chisomo Central, C Zambia 13°30´S 30°37´E

106 A8 Chisone j NW Italy 24 K12 Chisos Mountains m Texas, SW USA 39 T10 Chistochina Alaska, USA 127 R4 145 O8 123 O13 83 B16

83 C15 82 F10 83 C14 39 T11 39 T11 82 M11 165 S4 155 G18

149 T3 43 S16 153 V16 153 U16 153 Q15 152 G14 155 I19 155 G21 83 K16

62 H4 82 F12 83 F15 82 K13 106 H13 54 J5 106 B8 83 L17 61 C20 82 N12 42 D4 82 H13 125 O5

161 Q9 164 I12

43 O16 Chiriquí Viejo, Río j W Panama Chiriquí, Volcán de see Barú, Volcán 83 N15 Chiromo Southern, S Malawi

74 J5

114 J10 Chirpan Stara Zagora, C Bulgaria 42°12´N 25°20´E

111 M15

Volcano River

16°32´S 35°07´E

Lake Reservoir

115 G18

62°34´N 144°39´W Chistopol’ Respublika Tatarstan, W Russian Federation 55°20´N 50°39´E Chistopol’ye Severnyy Kazakhstan, N Kazakhstan 52°37´N 67°14´E Chita Zabaykal’skiy Kray, S Russian Federation 52°03´N 113°35´E Chitado Cunene, SW Angola 17°16´S 13°54´E Chitaldroog/Chitaldrug see Chitradurga Chitanda j S Angola Chitangwiza see Chitungwiza Chitato Lunda Norte, NE Angola 07°23´S 20°46´E Chitembo Bié, C Angola 13°33´S 16°47´E Chitina Alaska, USA 61°31´N 144°26´W Chitina River j Alaska, USA Chitipa Northern, NW Malawi 09°41´S 33°19´E Chitose var. Titose. Hokkaidō, NE Japan 42°51´N 141°40´E Chitradurga prev. Chitaldroog, Chitaldrug. Karnātaka, W India 14°16´N 76°23´E Chitrāl Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, NW Pakistan 35°51´N 71°47´E Chitré Herrera, S Panama 07°57´N 80°26´W Chittagong Ben. Chāttagām. Chittagong, SE Bangladesh 22°20´N 91°48´E Chittagong r division E Bangladesh Chittaranjan West Bengal, NE India 23°52´N 86°40´E Chittaurgarh var. Chittorgarh. Rājasthān, N India 24°54´N 74°42´E Chittoor Andhra Pradesh, E India 13°13´N 79°06´E Chittorgarh see Chittaurgarh Chittūr Kerala, SW India 10°42´N 76°46´E Chitungwiza prev. Chitangwiza. Mashonaland East, NE Zimbabwe 18°S 31°06´E Chíuchíu Antofagasta, N Chile 22°13´S 68°34´W Chiumbe var. Tshiumbe. j Angola/Dem. Rep. Congo Chiume Moxico, E Angola 15°08´S 21°09´E Chiundaponde Muchinga, NE Zambia 12°14´S 30°40´E Chiusi Toscana, C Italy 43°00´N 11°56´E Chivacoa Yaracuy, N Venezuela 10°10´N 68°54´W Chivasso Piemonte, NW Italy 45°13´N 07°54´E Chivhu prev. Enkeldoorn. Midlands, C Zimbabwe 19°01´S 30°54´E Chivilcoy Buenos Aires, E Argentina 34°55´S 60°00´W Chiwei Yu see Sekibi-sho Chiweta Northern, N Malawi 10°36´S 34°09´E Chixoy, Río var. Río Negro, Río Salinas. j Guatemala/ Mexico Chizela North Western, NW Zambia 13°11´S 24°59´E Chizha Nenetskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug, NW Russian Federation 67°04´N 44°19´E Chizhou var. Guichi. Anhui, E China 30°39´N 117°29´E Chizu Tottori, Honshū, SW Japan 35°15´N 134°14´E Chkalov see Orenburg Chlef var. Ech Cheliff, Ech Chleff; prev. Al-Asnam, El Asnam, Orléansville. NW Algeria 36°11´N 01°21´E Chlómo l C Greece 38°36´N 22°57´E Chmielnik Świętokrzyskie, C Poland 50°37´N 20°43´E

Chŏâm Khsant – Clavier 167 S11 Chŏâm Khsant Preăh Vihéar, N Cambodia

14°13´N 104°56´E 62 G10 Choapa, Río var. Choapo. j C Chile Choapas see Las Choapas Choapo see Choapa, Río Choarta see Chwarta 67 T13 Chobe j N Botswana 14 K8 Chochocouane j Québec, SE Canada 110 E13 Chocianów Ger. Kotzenan. Dolnośląskie, SW Poland 51°23´N 15°55´E 54 C9 Chocó off. Departamento del Chocó. r province W Colombia

Chocó, Departamento del see Chocó 35 X16 Chocolate Mountains m California, W USA 21 W9 Chocowinity North Carolina, SE USA 35°33´N 77°03´W 27 N10 Choctaw Oklahoma, C USA 35°30´N 97°16´W

23 Q8 Choctawhatchee Bay bay Florida, SE USA 23 Q8 Choctawhatchee River j Florida, SE USA Chodau see Chodov 163 V14 Ch’o-do island SW North Korea Chodorów see Khodoriv 111 A16 Chodov Ger. Chodau. Karlovarský Kraj, W Czech Republic 50°15´N 12°45´E 110 G10 Chodzież Wielkopolskie, C Poland 53°N 16°55´E 63 J15 Choele Choel Río Negro, C Argentina 39°19´S 65°42´W 83 L14 Chofombo Tete, NW Mozambique 11 U14 186 K8 186 K8 63 M23 40 H7 110 D10 110 H8 111 F14 167 Q10 80 I12

14°43´S 31°48´E Chohtan see Chauhtan Choiceland Saskatchewan, C Canada 53°28´N 104°26´W Choiseul r province NW Solomon Islands Choiseul var. Lauru. island NW Solomon Islands Choiseul Sound sound East Falkland, Falkland Islands Choix Sinaloa, C Mexico 26°43´N 108°20´W Chojna Zachodniopomorskie, W Poland 52°56´N 14°25´E Chojnice Ger. Konitz. Pomorskie, N Poland 53°41´N 17°34´E Chojnów Ger. Hainau, Haynau. Dolnośląskie, SW Poland 51°16´N 15°55´E Chok Chai Nakhon Ratchasima, C Thailand 14°45´N 102°10´E Ch’ok’ē var. Choke Mountains. m NW Ethiopia

25 R13 Choke Canyon Lake d Texas, SW USA Choke Mountains see Ch’ok’ē Chokpar see Shokpar 147 W7 Chok-Tal var. Choktal. Issyk-Kul’skaya Oblast’, E Kyrgyzstan

123 R7 83 L20 188 F8 160 E8 102 J8 63 H17 147 V8 147 X7 41 P14 42 I8 42 H8

42°37´N 76°45´E Choktal see Chok-Tal Chókué see Chokwè Chokurdakh Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 70°38´N 148°18´E Chokwè var. Chókué. Gaza, S Mozambique 24°27´S 32°55´E Chol Babeldaob, N Palau Chola Shan m C China Cholet Maine-et-Loire, NW France 47°03´N 00°52´W Cholila Chubut, W Argentina 42°33´S 71°28´W Cholo see Thyolo Cholpon Narynskaya Oblast’, C Kyrgyzstan 42°07´N 75°25´E Cholpon-Ata IssykKul’skaya Oblast’, E Kyrgyzstan 42°39´N 77°05´E Cholula Puebla, S Mexico 19°03´N 98°19´W Choluteca Choluteca, S Honduras 13°15´N 87°10´W Choluteca r department S Honduras

42 H8 Choluteca, Río j SW Honduras 83 I15 Choma Southern, S Zambia 16°48´S 26°58´E

153 T11 Chomo Lhari l NW Bhutan 27°59´N 89°24´E

167 N7 Chom Thong Chiang Mai, NW Thailand 18°25´N 98°44´E 111 B15 Chomutov Ger. Komotau. Ústecký Kraj, NW Czech Republic 50°28´N 13°24´E 123 N11 Chona j C Russian Federation Ch’ŏnan see Cheonan 167 P11 Chon Buri prev. Bang Pla Soi. Chon Buri, S Thailand 56 B6

160 J10

161 O10 160 J15 163 Y16

36°42´N 25°16´E

115 H25 Chóra Sfakíon var. Sfákia. Kríti, Greece, E Mediterranean Sea 35°12´N 24°05´E

43 147 97 117 117 117

117

110 116

110 111 163

164 63

110 153 33 14 76 27 21 35 163 163 162 185 97 185 44 83 115

14 191 38

21 95

13°24´N 100°59´E Chone Manabí, W Ecuador 0°44´S 80°04´W Chong’an see Wuyishan

39

41°48´N 129°44´E Chŏngju see Cheongju Chongming Dao island E China Chongqing var. Ch’ungching, Ch’ung-ch’ing, Chungking, Pahsien, Tchongking, Yuzhou. Chongqing Shi, C China 29°34´N 106°27´E Chŏngup see Chŏnju Chongyang var. Tiancheng. Hubei, C China 29°35´N 114°03´E Chongzuo prev. Taiping. Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, S China 22°18´N 107°23´E Chŏnju prev. Chŏnju, Chŏngup, Jap. Seiyu. SW South Korea 35°51´N 127°08´E Chŏnju see Chŏnju Chŏnju see Jeonju Chonnacht see Connaught Chonogol see Erdenetsagaan

25

163 W13 Ch’ŏngch’ŏn-gang j W North Korea 163 Y11 Ch’ŏngjin NE North Korea 161 S8

Choptank River j Maryland, NE USA 115 J22 Chóra prev. Íos. Íos, Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea 21 Y3

63 F19 Chonos, Archipiélago de los island group S Chile 42 K10 Chontales r department S Nicaragua 167 T13 Chn Thanh Sông Be, S Vietnam 11°25´N 106°38´E 158 K17 Cho Oyu var. Qowowuyag. l China/Nepal 28°07´N 86°37´E

116 G7 Chop Cz. Čop, Hung. Csap. Zakarpats’ka Oblast’, W Ukraine 48°26´N 22°13´E

45

173 129

192 30 25 111 115 121 114

111

42 153

Chorcaí, Cuan see Cork Harbour P15 Chorcha, Cerro l W Panama 08°39´N 82°07´W Chorku see Chorkŭh R11 Chorkŭh Rus. Chorku. N Tajikistan 40°04´N 70°30´E K17 Chorley NW England, United Kingdom 53°40´N 02°38´W Chorne More see Black Sea R5 Chornobay Cherkas’ka Oblast’, C Ukraine 49°40´N 32°20´E O3 Chornobyl’ Rus. Chernobyl’. Kyyivs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 51°17´N 30°15´E R12 Chornomors’ke Rus. Chernomorskoye. Avtonomna Respublika Krym, S Ukraine 45°29´N 32°45´E R4 Chornukhy Poltavs’ka Oblast’, C Ukraine 50°15´N 32°57´E Chorokh/Chorokhi see Çoruh Nehri O9 Choroszcz Podlaskie, NE Poland 53°10´N 23°E K6 Chortkiv Rus. Chortkov. Ternopil’s’ka Oblast’, W Ukraine 49°01´N 25°46´E Chortkov see Chortkiv Chorum see Çorum M9 Chorzele Mazowieckie, C Poland 53°16´N 20°53´E J16 Chorzów Ger. Königshütte; prev. Królewska Huta. Śląskie, S Poland 50°17´N 18°58´E W12 Ch’osan N North Korea 40°45´N 125°52´E Chośebuz see Cottbus Chōsen-kaikyō see Korea Strait P14 Chōshi var. Tyôsi. Chiba, Honshū, S Japan 35°44´N 140°48´E H14 Chos Malal Neuquén, W Argentina 37°23´S 70°16´W Chosŏn-minjujuŭi-inminkanghwaguk see North Korea E9 Choszczno Ger. Arnswalde. Zachodnio-pomorskie, NW Poland 53°10´N 15°24´E O15 Chota Nāgpur plateau N India R8 Choteau Montana, NW USA 47°48´N 112°40´W Chotqol see Chatkal M8 Chouart j Québec, SE Canada I7 Choûm Adrar, C Mauritania 21°19´N 12°59´W Q9 Chouteau Oklahoma, C USA 36°11´N 95°20´W X8 Chowan River j North Carolina, SE USA Q10 Chowchilla California, W USA 37°06´N 120°15´W Q7 Choybalsan var. Hulstay. Dornod, NE Mongolia 48°25´N 114°56´E P7 Choybalsan prev. Byan Tumen. Dornod, E Mongolia 48°03´N 114°32´E M9 Choyr Govĭ Sumber, C Mongolia 46°20´N 108°21´E I19 Christchurch Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand 43°31´S 172°39´E M24 Christchurch S England, United Kingdom 50°44´N 01°45´W I18 Christchurch k Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand 43°28´S 172°33´E J12 Christiana C Jamaica 18°13´N 77°29´W H22 Christiana Free State, C South Africa 27°55´S 25°10´E J23 Christiána var. Christiani. island Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea Christiani see Christiána Christiania see Oslo G13 Christian Island island Ontario, S Canada P16 Christian, Point headland Pitcairn Island, Pitcairn Islands 25°04´S 130°08´E M11 Christian River j Alaska, USA Christiansand see Kristiansand S7 Christiansburg Virginia, NE USA 37°07´N 80°26´W G23 Christiansfeld Syddanmark, SW Denmark 55°21´N 09°30´E Christianshåb see Qasigiannguit X14 Christian Sound inlet Alaska, USA T9 Christiansted Saint Croix, S Virgin Islands (US) 17°43´N 64°42´W Christiansund see Kristiansund R13 Christine Texas, SW USA 28°47´N 98°30´W U7 Christmas Island p Australian external territory E Indian Ocean T17 Christmas Island island E Indian Ocean Christmas Island see Kiritimati M7 Christmas Ridge undersea feature C Pacific Ocean L16 Christopher Illinois, N USA 37°58´N 89°03´W P9 Christoval Texas, SW USA 31°09´N 100°30´W F17 Chrudim Pardubický Kraj, C Czech Republic 49°58´N 15°49´E K25 Chrýsi island SE Greece N2 Chrysochoú, Kólpos var. Khrysokhou Bay. bay E Mediterranean Sea I13 Chrysoúpoli var. Hrisoupoli; prev. Khrisoúpolis. Anatolikí Makedonía kai Thráki, NE Greece 40°59´N 24°42´E K16 Chrzanów var. Chrzanow, Ger. Zaumgarten. Śląskie, S Poland 50°10´N 19°21´E Chu see Shu C5 Chuacús, Sierra de m W Guatemala S15 Chuadanga Khulna, W Bangladesh 23°38´N 88°52´E Chuan see Sichuan Ch’uan-chou see Quanzhou

Country Country Capital

Chuankou see Minhe 39 O11 Chuathbaluk Alaska, USA 61°36´N 159°14´W Chubek see Moskva 63 I17 Chubut off. Provincia de Chubut. r province S Argentina

63 43 43 116 124

119

39 39 164

117 61

197 197 197 125

123

123 123

35 123 56 122 152 114 123 167 167 167

122 161

163

153

163

161 149 122 122 124 125 57 62 57

146

127

Chubut, Provincia de see Chubut I17 Chubut, Río j SE Argentina V15 Chucanti, Cerro l E Panama 08°48´N 78°27´W Ch’u-chiang see Shaoguan W15 Chucunaque, Río j E Panama Chudin see Chudzin M5 Chudniv Zhytomyrs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 50°02´N 28°06´E H13 Chudovo Novgorodskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 59°07´N 31°42´E Chudskoye Ozero see Peipus, Lake J18 Chudzin Rus. Chudin. Brestskaya Voblasts’, SW Belarus 52°44´N 26°59´E Q13 Chugach Islands island group Alaska, USA S11 Chugach Mountains m Alaska, USA G12 Chūgoku-sanchi m Honshū, SW Japan Chugqênsumdo see Jigzhi Chuguyev see Chuhuyiv V5 Chuhuyiv var. Chuguyev. Kharkivs’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 49°51´N 36°44´E H19 Chuí Rio Grande do Sul, S Brazil 33°45´S 53°23´W Chuí see Chuy Chu-Iliyskiye Gory see Gory Shu-Ile Chukai see Cukai Chukchi Avtonomnyy Okrug see Chukotskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug Chukchi Peninsula see Chukotskiy Poluostrov R6 Chukchi Plain undersea feature Arctic Ocean R6 Chukchi Plateau undersea feature Arctic Ocean R4 Chukchi Sea Rus. Chukotskoye More. sea Arctic Ocean N14 Chukhloma Kostromskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 58°42´N 42°39´E Chukotka see Chukotskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug Chukot Range see Anadyrskiy Khrebet V6 Chukotskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug var. Chukchi Avtonomnyy Okrug, Chukotka. r autonomous district NE Russian Federation W5 Chukotskiy, Mys headland NE Russian Federation 64°15´N 173°03´W V5 Chukotskiy Poluostrov Eng. Chukchi Peninsula. peninsula NE Russian Federation Chukotskoye More see Chukchi Sea Chukurkak see Chuqurqoq Chulakkurgan see Sholakkorgan U17 Chula Vista California, W USA 32°38´N 117°04´W Q12 Chul’man Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 56°50´N 124°47´E B9 Chulucanas Piura, NW Peru 05°08´S 80°10´W J12 Chulym j C Russian Federation K6 Chumar Jammu and Kashmir, N India 32°38´N 78°36´E K9 Chumerna l C Bulgaria 42°45´N 25°58´E R12 Chumikan Khabarovskiy Kray, E Russian Federation 54°41´N 135°12´E Q9 Chum Phae Khon Kaen, C Thailand 16°31´N 102°09´E N13 Chumphon var. Jumporn. Chumphon, SW Thailand 10°30´N 99°11´E O9 Chumsaeng var. Chum Saeng. Nakhon Sawan, C Thailand 15°52´N 100°18´E Chum Saeng see Chumsaeng L12 Chuna j C Russian Federation R9 Chun’an var. Qiandaohu; prev. Pailing. Zhejiang, SE China 29°37´N 118°59´E Chunan see Zhunan Chuncheng see Yangchun Y14 Chuncheon Jap. Shunsen; prev. Ch’unch’ŏn. N South Korea 37°52´N 127°48´E Ch’unch’ŏn see Chuncheon S16 Chunchura prev. Chinsura. West Bengal, NE India 22°54´N 88°20´E Chundzha see Shonzhy Ch’ung-ch’ing/Ch’ungching see Chongqing Chung-hua Jen-min Kungho-kuo see China Y15 Chungju Jap. Chūshū; prev. Ch’ungju. C South Korea 36°57´N 127°50´E Ch’ungju see Chungju Chungking see Chongqing T14 Chungyang Shanmo Chin. Taiwan Shan. m C Taiwan V9 Chūniān Punjab, E Pakistan 30°57´N 74°01´E L12 Chunskiy Irkutskaya Oblast’, S Russian Federation 56°10´N 99°15´E M11 Chunya j C Russian Federation J6 Chupa Respublika Kareliya, NW Russian Federation 66°15´N 33°02´E P8 Chuprovo Respublika Komi, NW Russian Federation 64°16´N 46°27´E G17 Chuquibamba Arequipa, SW Peru 15°47´S 72°44´W H4 Chuquicamata Antofagasta, N Chile 22°20´S 68°56´W L21 Chuquisaca r department S Bolivia Chuquisaca see Sucre Chuqung see Chindu I8 Chuqurqoq Rus. Chukurkak. Qoraqalpog‘iston Respublikasi, NW Uzbekistan 42°44´N 61°33´E T2 Chur Udmurtskaya Respublika, NW Russian Federation 57°06´N 52°57´E

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

108 I9

Chur Fr. Coire, It. Coira, Rmsch. Cuera, Quera; anc. Curia Rhaetorum. Graubünden, E Switzerland 46°52´N 09°32´E

123 Q10 Churapcha Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 61°59´N 132°06´E 11 V16 Churchbridge Saskatchewan, S Canada

50°55´N 101°53´W 21 O8 Church Hill Tennessee, S USA 36°31´N 82°42´W 11 X9 Churchill Manitoba, C Canada 58°46´N 94°10´W 11 X10 Churchill j Manitoba/ Saskatchewan, C Canada 13 P9 Churchill j Newfoundland and Labrador, E Canada 11 Y9 Churchill, Cape headland Manitoba, C Canada 58°42´N 93°12´W

13 P9

11 S12 19 Q3 194 I5 22 H8 29 O3

Churchill Falls Newfoundland and Labrador, E Canada 53°38´N 64°00´W Churchill Lake c Saskatchewan, C Canada Churchill Lake d Maine, NE USA Churchill Peninsula peninsula Antarctica Church Point Louisiana, S USA 30°24´N 92°13´W Churchs Ferry North Dakota, N USA

111 P16 Cieszanów Podkarpackie, SE Poland 50°15´N 23°09´E 111 J17 Cieszyn Cz. Těšín, Ger. Teschen. Śląskie, S Poland 49°45´N 18°35´E

105 R12 Cieza Murcia, SE Spain 38°14´N 01°25´W

136 F13 Çifteler Eskişehir, W Turkey 105 P7

40°47´N 02°37´W

Čiganak see Shyganak 105 P9 Cigüela j C Spain 136 H14 Cihanbeyli Konya, C Turkey 38°40´N 32°55´E

136 H14 Cihanbeyli Yaylası plateau C Turkey 104 L10 Cíjara, Embalse de d C Spain 169 P16 Cikalong Jawa, S Indonesia 169 N16 187 Y13 169 P17 173 O16 137 S11 137 S11 160 M10

48°15´N 99°12´W

146 G12 Churchuri Ahal Welaýaty, C Turkmenistan

38°55´N 59°13´E Churchville Virginia, NE USA 38°13´N 79°10´W 152 G10 Chūru Rājasthān, NW India 28°18´N 75°00´E 54 J4 Churuguara Falcón, N Venezuela 10°52´N 69°35´W 167 U11 Ch Sê Gia Lai, C Vietnam 13°38´N 108°06´E

121 V10

21 T5

144 J12 Chushkakul, Gory m SW Kazakhstan Chūshū see Chungju 37 O9 Chuska Mountains m Arizona/New Mexico, SW USA Chu, Sông see Sam, Nam 125 V14 Chusovoy Permskiy Kray, NW Russian Federation

58°17´N 57°54´E 147 R10 Chust Namangan Viloyati, E Uzbekistan 40°58´N 71°12´E Chust see Khust

15 U6 Chute-aux-Outardes Québec, SE Canada

49°07´N 68°25´W 117 U5 Chutove Poltavs’ka Oblast’, C Ukraine 49°45´N 35°11´E 167 U11 Ch Ty var. Ðc C. Gia Lai, C Vietnam 13°48´N 107°41´E 189 O15 Chuuk var. Truk. r state C Micronesia 189 P15 Chuuk Islands var. Hogoley Islands; prev. Truk Islands. island group Caroline Islands, C Micronesia Chuvashia see Chuvashskaya Respublika Chuvashiya see Chuvashskaya Respublika

127 P4

160 G13 147 V7 61 H19 123 O11

147 U8 161 Q7 139 U3

119 N16

117 R6 119 J18

119 L19 117 N11 169 P16 107 I16 169 N16 60 H10 112 N13 187 Z14 105 P4 136 I10 110 L10 110 O10 110 J10 44 F6 54 F4 54 E6 44 E5 104 F4

Chuvashskaya Respublika var. Chuvashiya, Eng. Chuvashia. r autonomous republic W Russian Federation Chuwārtah see Chwarta Chu Xian/Chuxian see Chuzhou Chuxiong Yunnan, SW China 25°02´N 101°32´E Chuy Chuyskaya Oblast’, N Kyrgyzstan 42°45´N 75°11´E Chuy var. Chuí. Rocha, E Uruguay 33°42´S 53°27´W Chuya Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 59°30´N 112°26´E Chüy Oblasty see Chuyskaya Oblast’ Chuyskaya Oblast’ Kir. Chüy Oblasty. r province N Kyrgyzstan Chuzhou var. Chuxian, Chu Xian. Anhui, E China 32°20´N 118°18´E Chwarta Ar. Juwārtā, var. Chwārtā, Choarta, Chuwārtah. As Sulaymānīyah, NE Iraq 35°11´N 45°59´E Chwārtā see Chwarta Chyhirynskaye Vodaskhovishcha Rus. Chigirinskoye Vodokhranilishche. d E Belarus Chyhyryn Rus. Chigirin. Cherkas’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 49°03´N 32°40´E Chyrvonaya Slabada Rus. Krasnaya Slabada, Krasnaya Sloboda. Minskaya Voblasts’, S Belarus 52°51´N 27°10´E Chyrvonaye, Vozyera Rus. Ozero Chervonoye. c SE Belarus Ciadîr-Lunga var. CeadârLunga, Rus. Chadyr-Lunga. S Moldova 46°03´N 28°50´E Ciamis prev. Tjiamis. Jawa, C Indonesia 07°20´S 108°21´E Ciampino k Lazio, C Italy 41°48´N 12°36´E Cianjur prev. Tjiandjoer. Jawa, C Indonesia 06°50´S 107°09´E Cianorte Paraná, S Brazil 23°42´S 52°31´W Ciarraí see Kerry Ćićevac Serbia, E Serbia 43°44´N 21°25´E Cicia prev. Thithia. island Lau Group, E Fiji Cidacos j N Spain Cide Kastamonu, N Turkey 41°53´N 33°01´E Ciechanów prev. Zichenau. Mazowieckie, C Poland 52°53´N 20°37´E Ciechanowiec Ger. Rudelstadt. Podlaskie, E Poland 52°43´N 22°30´E Ciechocinek Kujawskiopomorskie, C Poland 52°53´N 18°49´E Ciego de Ávila Ciego de Ávila, C Cuba 21°50´N 78°44´W Ciénaga Magdalena, N Colombia 11°01´N 74°15´W Ciénaga de Oro Córdoba, NW Colombia 08°54´N 75°39´W Cienfuegos Cienfuegos, C Cuba 22°10´N 80°27´W Cíes, Illas island group NW Spain

Administrative Regions International Airport

39°25´N 31°00´E

Cifuentes CastillaLa Mancha, C Spain

07°46´S 108°13´E Cikawung Jawa, S Indonesia 06°49´S 105°29´E Cikobia prev. Thikombia. island N Fiji Cilacap prev. Tjilatjap. Jawa, C Indonesia 07°44´S 109°E Cilaos C Réunion 21°08´S 55°28´E Çıldır Ardahan, NE Turkey 41°08´N 43°08´E Çıldır Gölü c NE Turkey Cili Hunan, S China 29°24´N 110°59´E Cilician Gates see Gülek Boğazı Cilicia Trough undersea feature E Mediterranean Sea Cill Airne see Killarney Cill Chainnigh see Kilkenny Cill Chaoi see Kilkee Cill Choca see Kilcock Cill Dara see Kildare

105 N3 Cilleruelo de Bezana Castilla y León, N Spain

Cill Mhantáin see Wicklow Cill Rois see Kilrush 146 C11 Çilmämmetgum Rus. Peski Chil’mamedkum,, Turkm. Chilmämetgum. desert Balkan Welaýaty, W Turkmenistan 137 Z11 Çilov Adası Rus. Ostrov Zhiloy. island E Azerbaijan 26 J6 Cimarron Kansas, C USA

26 M9 117 N11

137 P15 54 J8

105 T5 112 G13 31 Q15 21 M4

136 C15 99 J21 104 H6 106 J12 41 U16

103 X14

105 Q5 116 K13 113 E14 63 I15 120 L7 39 S8 33 X8 31 S14 36 K6 169 P16 97 L21

107 O20 107 O20 102 K14 25 R7 116 I12 63 G18 25 T11 104 L3

55 X10 23 N7 35 O7 106 H7 106 H13 106 H12

37°49´N 100°20´W Cimarron New Mexico, SW USA 36°30´N 104°55´W Cimarron River j Kansas/ Oklahoma, C USA Cimişlia Rus. Chimishliya. S Moldova 46°31´N 28°45´E Cîmpia Turzii see Câmpia Turzii Cîmpina see Câmpina Cîmpulung see Câmpulung Cîmpulung Moldovenesc see Câmpulung Moldovenesc Çınar Dıyarbakır, SE Turkey 37°45´N 40°22´E Cinaruco, Río j Colombia/ Venezuela Cina Selatan, Laut see South China Sea Cinca j NE Spain Cincar l SW Bosnia and Herzegovina 43°55´N 17°05´E Cincinnati Ohio, N USA 39°04´N 84°34´W Cincinnati k Kentucky, S USA 39°03´N 84°39´W Cinco de Outubro see Xá-Muteba Çine Aydın, SW Turkey 37°37´N 28°03´E Ciney Namur, SE Belgium 50°17´N 05°06´E Cinfães Viseu, N Portugal 41°04´N 08°06´W Cingoli Marche, C Italy 43°25´N 13°09´E Cintalapa var. Cintalapa de Figueroa. Chiapas, SE Mexico 16°42´N 93°40´W Cintalapa de Figueroa see Cintalapa Cinto, Monte l Corse, France, C Mediterranean Sea 42°22´N 08°57´E Cintra see Sintra Cintruénigo Navarra, N Spain 42°05´N 01°50´W Cionn tSáile see Kinsale Ciorani Prahova, SE Romania 44°49´N 26°25´E Čiovo It. Bua. island S Croatia Cipiúr see Kippure Cipolletti Río Negro, C Argentina 38°55´S 68°W Circeo, Capo headland C Italy 41°15´N 13°03´E Circle var. Circle City. Alaska, USA 65°51´N 144°04´W Circle Montana, NW USA 47°25´N 105°32´W Circle City see Circle Circleville Ohio, N USA 39°36´N 82°57´W Circleville Utah, W USA 38°10´N 112°16´W Cirebon prev. Tjirebon. Jawa, S Indonesia 06°46´S 108°33´E Cirencester anc. Corinium, Corinium Dobunorum. C England, United Kingdom 51°44´N 01°59´W Cirkvenica see Crikvenica Cirò Calabria, SW Italy 39°22´N 17°02´E Cirò Marina Calabria, S Italy 39°21´N 17°07´E Ciron j SW France Cirquenizza see Crikvenica Cisco Texas, SW USA 32°23´N 98°58´W Cisnădie Ger. Heltau, Hung. Nagydisznód. Sibiu, SW Romania 45°42´N 24°09´E Cisnes, Río j S Chile Cistern Texas, SW USA 29°46´N 97°12´W Cistierna Castilla y León, N Spain 42°47´N 05°08´W Citharista see la Ciotat Citlaltépetl see Orizaba, Volcán Pico de Citron NW French Guiana 04°49´N 53°55´W Citronelle Alabama, S USA 31°05´N 88°13´W Citrus Heights California, W USA 38°42´N 121°18´W Cittadella Veneto, NE Italy 45°37´N 11°46´E Città della Pieve Umbria, C Italy 42°57´N 12°01´E Città di Castello Umbria, C Italy 43°27´N 12°13´E

Mountain Mountain Range

137 R16 Cizre Şırnak, SE Turkey

107 N22 Cittanova Calabria, SW Italy

Clacton see Clacton-on-Sea 97 Q21 Clacton-on-Sea var. Clacton. E England, United Kingdom 51°48´N 01°09´E 22 H5 Claiborne, Lake d Louisiana, S USA 102 L10 Clain j W France 11 Q11 Claire, Lake c Alberta, C Canada 25 O6 Clairemont Texas, SW USA

42°24´N 12°55´E

38°21´N 16°05´E Cittavecchia see Stari Grad 116 G10 Ciucea Hung. Csucsa. Cluj, NW Romania 46°58´N 22°50´E 116 M13 Ciucurova Tulcea, SE Romania 44°57´N 28°24´E Ciudad Acuña see Villa Acuña

41 N15 Ciudad Altamirano Guerrero, S Mexico 18°20´N 100°40´W

42 G7 Ciudad Barrios San Miguel, NE El Salvador 54 I7

Volcano River

13°46´N 88°13´W

Ciudad Bolívar Barinas, NW Venezuela 08°22´N 70°37´W

55 N7 Ciudad Bolívar prev. Angostura. Bolívar, E Venezuela 08°08´N 63°31´W 40 K6 Ciudad Camargo Chihuahua, N Mexico 40 E8

27°42´N 105°10´W

Ciudad Constitución Baja California Sur, NW Mexico 25°09´N 111°43´W

Ciudad Cortés see Cortés 41 V17 Ciudad Cuauhtémoc Chiapas, SE Mexico 42 J9

42 C6

62 Q6

42°58´N 03°50´W Cilli see Celje

37 T9

107 I14 Cittaducale Lazio, C Italy

62 K5

41 O11

54 J7

55 P7

40 K14 41 V17 41 N14 40 J3 40 L8 41 Q11 41 P11 42 F2

41 P8

40 G6 54 I5 55 P7

105 N11 105 N11 104 J7 42 A6

41 P12 41 O10 42 C6 116 L8 105 Z8

136 L11 106 J7 107 H14 106 J12

107 G15 102 L10 136 E14 161 O5

37°21´N 42°11´E

33°09´N 100°45´W

34 M3 Clair Engle Lake d California, W USA 18 B15 Clairton Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°17´N 79°52´W 32 F7 Clallam Bay Washington, NW USA 48°13´N 124°16´W 103 P8 Clamecy Nièvre, C France 23 P5

12°42´N 86°10´W Ciudad de Dolores Hidalgo see Dolores Hidalgo Ciudad de Guatemala Eng. Guatemala City; prev. Santiago de los Caballeros. a (Guatemala) Guatemala, C Guatemala 14°38´N 90°29´W Ciudad del Carmen see Carmen Ciudad del Este prev. Ciudad Presidente Stroessner, Presidente Stroessner, Puerto Presidente Stroessner. Alto Paraná, SE Paraguay 25°34´S 54°40´W Ciudad de Libertador General San Martín var. Libertador General San Martín. Jujuy, C Argentina 23°50´S 64°45´W Ciudad Delicias see Delicias Ciudad del Maíz San Luis Potosí, C Mexico 22°26´N 99°36´W Ciudad de México see México Ciudad de Nutrias Barinas, NW Venezuela 08°03´N 69°17´W Ciudad de Panama see Panamá Ciudad Guayana prev. San Tomé de Guayana, Santo Tomé de Guayana. Bolívar, NE Venezuela 08°22´N 62°37´W Ciudad Guzmán Jalisco, SW Mexico 19°40´N 103°30´W Ciudad Hidalgo Chiapas, SE Mexico 14°40´N 92°11´W Ciudad Hidalgo Michoacán, SW Mexico 19°40´N 100°34´W Ciudad Juárez Chihuahua, N Mexico 31°39´N 106°26´W Ciudad Lerdo Durango, C Mexico 25°34´N 103°30´W Ciudad Madero var. Villa Cecilia. Tamaulipas, C Mexico 22°18´N 97°56´W Ciudad Mante Tamaulipas, C Mexico 22°43´N 99°02´W Ciudad Melchor de Mencos var. Melchor de Mencos. Petén, NE Guatemala 17°03´N 89°12´W Ciudad Miguel Alemán Tamaulipas, C Mexico 26°20´N 98°56´W Ciudad Mutis see Bahía Solano Ciudad Obregón Sonora, NW Mexico 27°32´N 109°53´W Ciudad Ojeda Zulia, NW Venezuela 10°12´N 71°17´W Ciudad Piar Bolívar, E Venezuela 07°25´N 63°19´W Ciudad Porfirio Díaz see Piedras Negras Ciudad Presidente Stroessner see Ciudad del Este Ciudad Quesada see Quesada Ciudad Real CastillaLa Mancha, C Spain 38°59´N 03°55´W Ciudad Real r province Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain Ciudad-Rodrigo Castilla y León, N Spain 40°36´N 06°33´W Ciudad Tecún Umán San Marcos, SW Guatemala 14°40´N 92°06´W Ciudad Trujillo see Santo Domingo Ciudad Valles San Luis Potosí, C Mexico 21°59´N 99°01´W Ciudad Victoria Tamaulipas, C Mexico 23°44´N 99°07´W Ciudad Vieja Suchitepéquez, S Guatemala 14°30´N 90°46´W Ciuhuru var. Reuţel. j N Moldova Ciutadella var. Ciutadella de Menorca. Menorca, Spain, W Mediterranean Sea 40°N 03°50´E Ciutadella Ciutadella de Menorca see Ciutadella Civa Burnu headland N Turkey 41°22´N 36°39´E Cividale del Friuli FriuliVenezia Giulia, NE Italy 46°06´N 13°25´E Civita Castellana Lazio, C Italy 42°16´N 12°24´E Civitanova Marche Marche, C Italy 43°18´N 13°41´E Civitas Altae Ripae see Brzeg Civitas Carnutum see Chartres Civitas Eburovicum see Évreux Civitas Nemetum see Speyer Civitavecchia anc. Centum Cellae, Trajani Portus. Lazio, C Italy 42°05´N 11°47´E Civray Vienne, W France 46°10´N 00°18´E Çivril Denizli, W Turkey 38°18´N 29°43´E Cixian Hebei, E China 36°19´N 114°22´E

Lake Reservoir

32°50´N 86°37´W

61 D17 Clara Entre Ríos, E Argentina 31°50´S 58°48´W

97 E18 Clara Ir. Clóirtheach. C Ireland 53°20´N 07°36´W 29 T9 Clara City Minnesota, N USA 44°57´N 95°22´W

61 D23 Claraz Buenos Aires, E Argentina 37°56´S 59°18´W

15°38´N 91°59´W

Ciudad Darío var. Dario. Matagalpa, W Nicaragua

47°28´N 03°30´E

Clanton Alabama, S USA

182 I8

Clár Chlainne Mhuiris see Claremorris Clare South Australia 33°49´S 138°35´E

97 C19 Clare Ir. An Clár. cultural region W Ireland 97 C18 Clare j W Ireland 97 A16 Clare Island Ir. Cliara. island W Ireland 44 J12 Claremont C Jamaica 18°23´N 77°11´W

29 W10 Claremont Minnesota, N USA 44°01´N 93°00´W 19 N9 Claremont New Hampshire, NE USA 43°21´N 72°18´W 27 Q9 Claremore Oklahoma, C USA 36°20´N 95°37´W 97 C17 Claremorris Ir. Clár Chlainne Mhuiris. W Ireland 53°47´N 09°W

185 J16 Clarence Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand 42°08´S 173°54´E

185 J16 Clarence j South Island, New Zealand 65 F15 Clarence Bay bay Ascension Island, C Atlantic Ocean 63 H25 Clarence, Isla island S Chile 194 H2 Clarence Island island South Shetland Islands, Antarctica 183 V5 Clarence River j New South Wales, SE Australia 44 J5 Clarence Town Long Island, C The Bahamas 23°03´N 74°57´W

27 W12 Clarendon Arkansas, C USA 34°41´N 91°19´W

25 O3 Clarendon Texas, SW USA 34°57´N 100°54´W

13 U12 Clarenville Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, SE Canada 48°10´N 54°00´W 11 Q17 Claresholm Alberta, SW Canada 50°02´N 113°33´W 29 T16 Clarinda Iowa, C USA 40°44´N 95°02´W

55 N5 Clarines Anzoátegui, NE Venezuela 09°56´N 65°11´W 29 V12 Clarion Iowa, C USA 42°43´N 93°43´W

18 C13 Clarion Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°11´N 79°21´W 193 O6 Clarion Fracture Zone tectonic feature NE Pacific Ocean 18 D13 Clarion River j Pennsylvania, NE USA 29 Q9 Clark South Dakota, N USA 44°50´N 97°44´W

36 K11 Clarkdale Arizona, SW USA 34°46´N 112°03´W

15 W4 Clarke City Québec, SE Canada 50°09´N 66°36´W 183 Q15 Clarke Island island Furneaux Group, Tasmania, SE Australia 181 X6 Clarke Range m Queensland, E Australia 23 T2 Clarkesville Georgia, SE USA 29 S9

34°36´N 83°31´W

Clarkfield Minnesota, N USA 44°48´N 95°49´W

33 N7 Clark Fork Idaho, NW USA 48°06´N 116°10´W

33 N8 Clark Fork j Idaho/ Montana, NW USA 21 P13 Clark Hill Lake var. J.Storm Thurmond Reservoir. d Georgia/South Carolina, SE USA 39 Q12 Clark, Lake c Alaska, USA 35 W12 Clark Mountain l California, W USA 35°30´N 115°34´W

Clark Peak l Colorado, C USA 40°36´N 105°57´W 14 D14 Clark, Point headland Ontario, S Canada 37 S3

44°04´N 81°45´W

Clarksburg West Virginia, NE USA 39°16´N 80°22´W 22 K2 Clarksdale Mississippi, S USA 34°12´N 90°34´W 33 U12 Clarks Fork Yellowstone River j Montana/ Wyoming, NW USA 29 R14 Clarkson Nebraska, C USA 21 S3

41°42´N 97°07´W

39 O13 Clarks Point Alaska, USA 58°50´N 158°33´W

18 I13 Clarks Summit Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°29´N 75°42´W

32 M10 Clarkston Washington, NW USA 46°25´N 117°02´W 44 J12 Clark’s Town C Jamaica 18°25´N 77°32´W

27 T10 Clarksville Arkansas, C USA 35°29´N 93°29´W

31 P13 Clarksville Indiana, N USA 20 I8

40°01´N 85°54´W

Clarksville Tennessee, S USA 36°32´N 87°22´W

25 W5 Clarksville Texas, SW USA 33°37´N 95°04´W

21 U8 Clarksville Virginia, NE USA 36°36´N 78°36´W

21 U11 Clarkton North Carolina, SE USA 34°28´N 78°39´W 61 C24 Claromecó var. Balneario Claromecó. Buenos Aires, E Argentina 38°51´S 60°01´W 25 N3 Claude Texas, SW USA

35°06´N 101°22´W Clausentum see Southampton 171 O1 Claveria Luzon, N Philippines 18°36´N 121°04´E 99 J20 Clavier Liège, E Belgium 50°27´N 05°21´E

237

Claxton – Comoro Basin 23 W6 Claxton Georgia, SE USA

32°09´N 81°54´W Clay West Virginia, NE USA 38°28´N 81°17´W 27 N3 Clay Center Kansas, C USA 39°22´N 97°08´W 29 P16 Clay Center Nebraska, C USA 40°31´N 98°03´W 21 Y2 Claymont Delaware, NE USA 39°48´N 75°27´W 36 M14 Claypool Arizona, SW USA 33°24´N 110°50´W 23 R6 Clayton Alabama, S USA 31°52´N 85°27´W 23 T1 Clayton Georgia, SE USA 34°52´N 83°24´W 22 J5 Clayton Louisiana, S USA 31°43´N 91°32´W 27 X5 Clayton Missouri, C USA 38°39´N 90°21´W 37 V9 Clayton New Mexico, SW USA 36°27´N 103°12´W 21 V9 Clayton North Carolina, SE USA 35°39´N 78°27´W 27 Q12 Clayton Oklahoma, C USA 34°35´N 95°21´W 45 V9 Clayton J. Lloyd k (The Valley) C Anguilla 18°12´N 63°02´W 182 I4 Clayton River seasonal river South Australia 21 R7 Claytor Lake d Virginia, NE USA

21 R4

27 P13 Clear Boggy Creek j Oklahoma, C USA 97 B22 Clear, Cape var. The Bill of Cape Clear, Ir. Ceann Cléire. headland SW Ireland 51°25´N 09°31´W

36 M12 Clear Creek j Arizona, SW USA 39 S12 Cleare, Cape headland Montague Island, Alaska, USA 59°46´N 147°54´W

18 E13 Clearfield Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°02´N 78°27´W 36 L2 Clearfield Utah, W USA 41°06´N 112°03´W

25 Q6 Clear Fork Brazos River j Texas, SW USA 31 T12 Clear Fork Reservoir d Ohio, N USA 11 N12 Clear Hills m Alberta, SW Canada 34 M6 Clearlake California, W USA 38°57´N 122°38´W 29 V12 Clear Lake Iowa, C USA 43°07´N 93°27´W 29 R9 Clear Lake South Dakota, N USA 44°45´N 96°40´W 34 M6 Clear Lake c California, W USA 22 G6 Clear Lake d Louisiana, S USA

Clear Lake Reservoir d California, W USA 11 N16 Clearwater British Columbia, SW Canada

21 N10 Clingmans Dome l North Carolina/Tennessee, SE USA 24 H8 10 M16 14 E15 27 U10 30 L10 29 Z14 20 G7 22 J8 19 N11 31 R10 22 K5 27 S5 21 V10 26 L10 21 Q12 21 M9 8 10 30 27 21 193 193 46 0 102 62

35 P1

51°38´N 120°02´W 23 U12 Clearwater Florida, SE USA 27°58´N 82°46´W 11 R12 Clearwater j Alberta/ Saskatchewan, C Canada

27 W7 Clearwater Lake d Missouri, C USA 33 N10 Clearwater Mountains m Idaho, NW USA 33 N10 Clearwater River j Idaho, NW USA 29 S4 Clearwater River j Minnesota, N USA 25 T7 Cleburne Texas, SW USA 32°21´N 97°24´W

Cle Elum Washington, NW USA 47°12´N 120°56´W 97 O17 Cleethorpes E England, United Kingdom 32 I9

53°34´N 00°02´W Cléire, Ceann see Clear, Cape 21 O11 Clemson South Carolina, SE USA 34°40´N 82°50´W 21 Q4 Clendenin West Virginia, NE USA 38°29´N 81°21´W 26 M9 Cleo Springs Oklahoma, C USA 36°25´N 98°25´W Clerk Island see Onotoa 181 X8 Clermont Queensland, E Australia 22°47´S 147°41´E 15 S8 Clermont Québec, SE Canada 47°41´N 70°15´W 103 O4 Clermont Oise, N France 49°23´N 02°26´E 29 X12 Clermont Iowa, C USA 43°00´N 91°39´W

103 P11 Clermont-Ferrand Puy-de-Dôme, C France 45°47´N 03°05´E

97 181 97 97 97 100 29 37 33 185 21 34 20 35 37 14

116

103 Q15 Clermont-l’Hérault Hérault, S France 43°37´N 03°25´E 99 M22 Clervaux Diekirch, N Luxembourg 50°03´N 06°02´E 106 G6 Cles Trentino-Alto Adige, N Italy 46°22´N 11°04´E 182 H8 Cleve South Australia

116

23

106

22 31 27 20 25 31

33°43´S 136°30´E Cleve see Kleve T2 Cleveland Georgia, SE USA 34°36´N 83°45´W K3 Cleveland Mississippi, S USA 33°45´N 90°43´W T11 Cleveland Ohio, N USA 41°30´N 81°42´W O9 Cleveland Oklahoma, C USA 36°18´N 96°27´W L10 Cleveland Tennessee, S USA 35°10´N 84°51´W W10 Cleveland Texas, SW USA 30°19´N 95°06´W N7 Cleveland Wisconsin, N USA 43°58´N 87°45´W

31 O4 Cleveland Cliffs Basin c Michigan, N USA 31 U11 Cleveland Heights Ohio, N USA 41°30´N 81°34´W 33 P6 Cleveland, Mount l Montana, NW USA 97 B16 23 Y14 97 A17 37 O14 18 K14 25 S8 21 S6 182 I1 11 S17 21 O8 25 P12

238

48°55´N 113°51´W Cleves see Kleve Clew Bay Ir. Cuan Mó. inlet W Ireland Clewiston Florida, SE USA 26°45´N 80°55´W Cliara see Clare Island Clifden Ir. An Clochán. Galway, W Ireland 53°29´N 10°14´W Clifton Arizona, SW USA 33°03´N 109°18´W Clifton New Jersey, NE USA 40°50´N 74°28´W Clifton Texas, SW USA 31°43´N 97°36´W Clifton Forge Virginia, NE USA 37°49´N 79°50´W Clifton Hills South Australia 27°03´S 138°49´E Climax Saskatchewan, S Canada 49°12´N 108°22´W Clinch River j Tennessee/ Virginia, S USA Cline Texas, SW USA 29°14´N 100°07´W

103 103

25 185 97 185 27 29 31 25 14 96 96 96 33 35 35 40 25 10 40

39 11

35°33´N 83°30´W Clint Texas, SW USA 31°35´N 106°13´W Clinton British Columbia, SW Canada 51°06´N 121°31´W Clinton Ontario, S Canada 43°36´N 81°33´W Clinton Arkansas, C USA 35°34´N 92°28´W Clinton Illinois, N USA 40°09´N 88°57´W Clinton Iowa, C USA 41°50´N 90°11´W Clinton Kentucky, S USA 36°39´N 89°00´W Clinton Louisiana, S USA 30°52´N 91°01´W Clinton Massachusetts, NE USA 42°25´N 71°40´W Clinton Michigan, N USA 42°04´N 83°58´W Clinton Mississippi, S USA 32°22´N 90°22´W Clinton Missouri, C USA 38°22´N 93°51´W Clinton North Carolina, SE USA 35°00´N 78°19´W Clinton Oklahoma, C USA 35°31´N 98°58´W Clinton South Carolina, SE USA 34°28´N 81°52´W Clinton Tennessee, S USA 36°07´N 84°08´W

Clinton-Colden Lake c Northwest Territories, NW Canada H5 Clinton Creek Yukon, NW Canada 64°24´N 140°35´W L13 Clinton Lake d Illinois, N USA Q4 Clinton Lake d Kansas, N USA T11 Clio South Carolina, SE USA 34°34´N 79°33´W O7 Clipperton Fracture Zone tectonic feature E Pacific Ocean Q7 Clipperton Island p French overseas territory E Pacific Ocean K6 Clipperton Island island E Pacific Ocean F16 Clipperton Seamounts undersea feature E Pacific Ocean 08°00´N 111°00´W J8 Clisson Loire-Atlantique, NW France 47°06´N 01°19´W K7 Clodomira Santiago del Estero, N Argentina 27°35´S 64°14´W Cloich na Coillte see Clonakilty Clóirtheach see Clara C21 Clonakilty Ir. Cloich na Coillte. SW Ireland 51°37´N 08°54´W T6 Cloncurry Queensland, C Australia 20°45´S 140°30´E F18 Clondalkin Ir. Cluain Dolcáin. E Ireland 53°19´N 06°24´W E16 Clones Ir. Cluain Eois. N Ireland 54°11´N 07°14´W D20 Clonmel Ir. Cluain Meala. S Ireland 52°21´N 07°42´W G11 Cloppenburg Niedersachsen, NW Germany 52°51´N 08°03´E W6 Cloquet Minnesota, N USA 46°43´N 92°27´W S14 Cloudcroft New Mexico, SW USA 32°57´N 105°44´W W12 Cloud Peak l Wyoming, C USA 44°22´N 107°10´W K14 Cloudy Bay inlet South Island, New Zealand R10 Clover South Carolina, SE USA 35°06´N 81°13´W M6 Cloverdale California, W USA 38°49´N 123°03´W J5 Cloverport Kentucky, S USA 37°50´N 86°37´W Q10 Clovis California, W USA 36°48´N 119°43´W W12 Clovis New Mexico, SW USA 34°22´N 103°12´W K13 Cloyne Ontario, SE Canada 44°48´N 77°09´W Cluain Dolcáin see Clondalkin Cluain Eois see Clones Cluainín see Manorhamilton Cluain Meala see Clonmel H10 Cluj r county NW Romania Cluj see Cluj-Napoca H10 Cluj-Napoca Ger. Klausenburg, Hung. Kolozsvár; prev. Cluj. Cluj, NW Romania 46°47´N 23°36´E Clunia see Feldkirch R10 Cluny Saône-et-Loire, C France 46°25´N 04°38´E T10 Cluses Haute-Savoie, E France 46°04´N 06°34´E E7 Clusone Lombardia, N Italy 45°56´N 10°00´E W12 Clute Texas, SW USA 29°01´N 95°24´W D23 Clutha j South Island, New Zealand J18 Clwyd cultural region NE Wales, United Kingdom D22 Clyde Otago, South Island, New Zealand 45°12´S 169°21´E N3 Clyde Kansas, C USA 39°35´N 97°24´W P2 Clyde North Dakota, N USA 48°44´N 98°51´W S11 Clyde Ohio, N USA 41°18´N 82°58´W Q7 Clyde Texas, SW USA 32°24´N 99°29´W K13 Clyde j Ontario, SE Canada J13 Clyde j W Scotland, United Kingdom H12 Clydebank S Scotland, United Kingdom 55°54´N 04°24´W H13 Clyde, Firth of inlet S Scotland, United Kingdom S11 Clyde Park Montana, NW USA 45°56´N 110°39´W W16 Coachella California, W USA 33°38´N 116°10´W W16 Coachella Canal canal California, W USA I9 Coacoyole Durango, C Mexico 24°30´N 106°33´W N7 Coahoma Texas, SW USA 32°18´N 101°18´W K8 Coal j Yukon, NW Canada L14 Coalcomán var. Coalcomán de Matamoros. Michoacán, S Mexico 18°49´N 103°13´W Coalcomán de Matamoros see Coalcomán T8 Coal Creek Alaska, USA 65°21´N 143°08´W Q17 Coaldale Alberta, SW Canada 49°42´N 112°36´W L9

Country Country Capital

27 P12 Coalgate Oklahoma, C USA 34°33´N 96°15´W

35 P11 Coalinga California, W USA 10 L9 21 Q6 36 M2 58 E13 104 I7 59 D14 10 G12 16 C7 96 I12 42 B6 18 H16 15 Q13 9

P9

195 O4 41 T14

41 S14 116 M15 14 H9 42 D5 183 O6 18 F12 0

D8

14 K12 97 D21 57 J14

18 J10 14 I15 181 P1 183 O10 82 N13 101 K18 19 Q5 57 H18 59 J17 105 S11 57 L18 57 K18 57 L18 101 E18 37 R6 155 G22 44 D5 37 O16 23 U5 11 P16 12 G12 63 G20 11 U10

44 M6 14 C11 44 J3 21 X2 181 N12 44 I12 43 S16 43 S15

23 Y12 23 Y12 79 D17 44 G5 151 Q19 173 N6 36 K10 43 N6 173 T7 188 B17 129 S17 173 T8

36°08´N 120°21´W Coal River British Columbia, W Canada 59°38´N 126°45´W Coal River j West Virginia, NE USA Coalville Utah, W USA 40°56´N 111°22´W Coari Amazonas, N Brazil 04°08´S 63°07´W Côa, Rio j N Portugal Coari, Rio j NW Brazil Coast see Pwani Coast Mountains Fr. Chaîne Côtière. m Canada/USA Coast Ranges m W USA Coatbridge S Scotland, United Kingdom 55°52´N 04°01´W Coatepeque Quezaltenango, SW Guatemala 14°42´N 91°50´W Coatesville Pennsylvania, NE USA 39°58´N 75°47´W Coaticook Québec, SE Canada 45°07´N 71°46´W Coats Island island Nunavut, NE Canada Coats Land physical region Antarctica Coatzacoalcos var. Quetzalcoalco; prev. Puerto México. Veracruz-Llave, E Mexico 18°06´N 94°26´W Coatzacoalcos, Río j SE Mexico Cobadin Constana, SW Romania 44°05´N 28°13´E Cobalt Ontario, S Canada 47°24´N 79°41´W Cobán Alta Verapaz, C Guatemala 15°28´N 90°20´W Cobar New South Wales, SE Australia 31°31´S 145°51´E Cobb Hill l Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°52´N 77°52´W Cobb Seamount undersea feature E Pacific Ocean 47°00´N 131°00´W Cobden Ontario, SE Canada 45°36´N 76°54´W Cobh Ir. An Cóbh; prev. Cove of Cork, Queenstown. SW Ireland 51°51´N 08°17´W Cobija Pando, NW Bolivia 11°04´S 68°49´W Coblence/Coblenz see Koblenz Cobleskill New York, NE USA 42°40´N 74°29´W Cobourg Ontario, SE Canada 43°57´N 78°06´W Cobourg Peninsula headland Northern Territory, N Australia 11°27´S 132°33´E Cobram Victoria, SE Australia 35°56´S 145°36´E Cóbuè Niassa, N Mozambique 12°08´S 34°46´E Coburg Bayern, SE Germany 50°16´N 10°58´E Coburn Mountain l Maine, NE USA 45°28´N 70°07´W Cocachacra Arequipa, SW Peru 17°05´S 71°45´W Cocalinho Mato Grosso, W Brazil 14°22´S 51°00´W Cocanada see Kākināda Cocentaina Valenciana, E Spain 38°44´N 00°27´W Cochabamba hist. Oropeza. Cochabamba, C Bolivia 17°23´S 66°10´W Cochabamba r department C Bolivia Cochabamba, Cordillera de m C Bolivia Cochem Rheinland-Pfalz, W Germany 50°09´N 07°09´E Cochetopa Hills m Colorado, C USA Cochin var. Kochchi, Kochi. Kerala, SW India 09°56´N 76°15´E see also Kochi Cochinos, Bahía de Eng. Bay of Pigs. bay SE Cuba Cochise Head l Arizona, SW USA 32°03´N 109°19´W Cochran Georgia, SE USA 32°23´N 83°21´W Cochrane Alberta, SW Canada 51°15´N 114°25´W Cochrane Ontario, S Canada 49°04´N 81°02´W Cochrane Aisén, S Chile 47°16´S 72°33´W Cochrane j Manitoba/ Saskatchewan, C Canada Cochrane, Lago see Pueyrredón, Lago Cocibolca see Nicaragua, Lago de Cockade State see Maryland Cockburn Harbour South Caicos, S Turks and Caicos Islands 21°28´N 71°30´W Cockburn Island island Ontario, S Canada Cockburn Town San Salvador, E The Bahamas 24°01´N 74°31´W Cockeysville Maryland, NE USA 39°29´N 76°34´W Cocklebiddy Western Australia 32°02´S 125°54´E Cockpit Country, The physical region W Jamaica Coclé off. Provincia de Coclé. r province C Panama Coclé del Norte Colón, C Panama 09°04´N 80°32´W Coclé, Provincia de see Coclé Cocoa Florida, SE USA 28°23´N 80°44´W Cocoa Beach Florida, SE USA 28°19´N 80°36´W Cocobeach Estuaire, NW Gabon 0°59´N 09°34´E Coco, Cayo island C Cuba Coco Channel strait Andaman Sea/Bay of Bengal Coco-de-Mer Seamounts undersea feature W Indian Ocean 0°30´N 56°00´E Coconino Plateau plain Arizona, SW USA Coco, Río var. Río Wanki, Segoviao Wangkí. j Honduras/Nicaragua Cocos Basin undersea feature E Indian Ocean 05°00´S 94°00´E Cocos Island island S Guam Cocos Island Ridge see Cocos Ridge Cocos Islands island group E Indian Ocean Cocos (Keeling) Islands p Australian external territory E Indian Ocean

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

0 G15 Cocos Plate tectonic feature 193 T7 Cocos Ridge var. Cocos Island Ridge. undersea feature E Pacific Ocean

185 B25 106 H9 13 P5 116 J12 58 M13 106 E8 116 M10 45 W9 106 J7 28 M12 33 U12 21 P7 54 E10 181 V2 101 E14 32 M8

44°43´N 79°36´W

Coldwater Kansas, C USA 37°16´N 99°20´W

31 Q10 Coldwater Michigan, N USA

20°22´N 103°50´W

25 N1 Coldwater Creek j Oklahoma/Texas, SW USA 22 K2 Coldwater River j Mississippi, S USA 183 O9 Coleambally New South Wales, SE Australia

107 D17 Coda Cavallo, Capo headland Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea

19 Q12

26 K7

05°30´N 86°00´W

40 K13 Cocula Jalisco, SW Mexico

58 E13

14 H13 Coldwater Ontario, S Canada

40°49´N 09°43´E Codajás Amazonas, N Brazil 03°50´S 62°12´W Codazzi see Agustín Codazzi Cod, Cape headland Massachusetts, NE USA 41°50´N 69°56´W Codfish Island island SW New Zealand Codigoro Emilia-Romagna, N Italy 44°50´N 12°07´E Cod Island island Newfoundland and Labrador, E Canada Codlea Ger. Zeiden, Hung. Feketehalom. Brașov, C Romania 45°43´N 25°27´E Codó Maranhão, E Brazil 04°28´S 43°51´W Codogno Lombardia, N Italy 45°10´N 09°42´E Codrii hill range C Moldova Codrington Barbuda, Antigua and Barbuda 17°43´N 61°49´W Codroipo Friuli-Venezia Giulia, NE Italy 45°58´N 13°00´E Cody Nebraska, C USA 42°54´N 101°13´W Cody Wyoming, C USA 43°31´N 109°04´W Coeburn Virginia, NE USA 36°56´N 82°27´W Coello Tolima, W Colombia 04°15´N 74°52´W Coemba see Cuemba Coen Queensland, NE Australia 14°03´S 143°16´E Coesfeld NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 51°55´N 07°10´E Coeur d’Alene Idaho, NW USA 47°40´N 116°46´W

32 M8 Coeur d’Alene Lake d Idaho, NW USA 98 O8 Coevorden Drenthe, NE Netherlands 52°39´N 06°45´E

41°56´N 85°00´W

19 O6 27 T5 39 T6 11 P17 25 Q8 83 K22 182 L12 97 F14 185 G18 83 H24 22 H7 32 L9 30 J6

34°48´S 145°54´E Colebrook New Hampshire, NE USA 44°52´N 71°27´W Cole Camp Missouri, C USA 38°27´N 93°12´W Coleen River j Alaska, USA Coleman Alberta, SW Canada 49°36´N 114°26´W Coleman Texas, SW USA 31°50´N 99°27´W Çölemerik see Hakkâri Colenso KwaZulu/Natal, E South Africa 28°44´S 29°50´E Coleraine Victoria, SE Australia 37°39´S 141°42´E Coleraine Ir. Cúil Raithin. N Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 55°08´N 06°40´W Coleridge, Lake c South Island, New Zealand Colesberg Northern Cape, C South Africa 30°41´S 25°08´E Colfax Louisiana, S USA 31°31´N 92°42´W Colfax Washington, NW USA 46°52´N 117°21´W Colfax Wisconsin, N USA 45°00´N 91°44´W

63 I19 Colhué Huapí, Lago c S Argentina 45 Z6 Colibris, Pointe des headland Grande Terre, E Guadeloupe 16°15´N 61°10´W 106 D6 Colico Lombardia, N Italy 46°08´N 09°24´E

99 E14 Colijnsplaat Zeeland, SW Netherlands

51°36´N 03°47´E 40 L14 Colima Colima, S Mexico 19°13´N 103°46´W 40 K14 Colima r state SW Mexico

40 L14 Colima, Nevado de i C Mexico 19°36´N 103°36´W 59 M14 Colinas Maranhão, E Brazil 06°02´S 44°15´W

10 H6 Coffee Creek Yukon, W Canada 62°52´N 139°05´W 30 L15 Coffeen Lake d Illinois, N USA 22 L3 Coffeeville Mississippi, S USA 33°58´N 89°40´W 27 Q8 Coffeyville Kansas, C USA

96 F10 Coll island W Scotland, United Kingdom 105 N7 Collado Villalba var. Villalba. Madrid, C Spain

182 G9 Coffin Bay South Australia

37 P5

Coffin Bay Peninsula peninsula South Australia 183 V5 Coffs Harbour New South Wales, SE Australia

106 G12

37°02´N 95°37´W

182 F9

105 R10 117 N10 102 K11 106 B7 103 U16 105 O7

92 K8

18 F11 18 L10 183 N10 43 P17 63 H23 63 G19 155 G21 104 G8 104 G8 104 L15

34°39´S 135°30´E

30°18´S 153°08´E Cofrentes Valenciana, E Spain 39°14´N 01°04´W Cogîlnic Ukr. Kohyl’nyk. j Moldova/Ukraine Cognac anc. Compniacum. Charente, W France 45°42´N 00°19´W Cogne Valle d’Aosta, NW Italy 45°37´N 07°27´E Cogolin Var, SE France 43°15´N 06°30´E Cogolludo CastillaLa Mancha, C Spain 40°58´N 03°05´W Cohalm see Rupea Čohkarášša var. Cuokkarašša. l N Norway 69°57´N 24°38´E Čohkkiras see Jukkasjärvi Cohocton River j New York, NE USA Cohoes New York, NE USA 42°46´N 73°42´W Cohuna Victoria, SE Australia 35°51´S 144°15´E Coiba, Isla de island SW Panama Coig, Río j S Argentina Coihaique var. Coyhaique. Aisén, S Chile 45°32´S 72°00´W Coimbatore Tamil Nādu, S India 11°N 76°57´E Coimbra anc. Conimbria, Conimbriga. Coimbra, W Portugal 40°12´N 08°25´W Coimbra r district N Portugal Coín Andalucía, S Spain 36°40´N 04°45´W Coin de Mire see Gunner’s Quoin

57 J20 Coipasa, Laguna c W Bolivia 57 J20 Coipasa, Salar de salt lake W Bolivia Coira/Coire see Chur Coirib, Loch see Corrib, Lough 54 K6 Cojedes off. Estado Cojedes. r state N Venezuela Cojedes, Estado see Cojedes 42 F7 Cojutepeque Cuscatlán, C El Salvador 13°43´N 88°56´W Coka see Banbar 33 S16 Cokeville Wyoming, C USA 42°03´N 110°55´W 182 M13 Colac Victoria, SE Australia 38°22´S 143°38´E 59 O20 Colatina Espírito Santo, SE Brazil 19°35´S 40°37´W 27 O13 Colbert Oklahoma, C USA 33°51´N 96°30´W

100 L12 Colbitz-Letzinger Heide heathland N Germany 26 I3 Colby Kansas, C USA

183 R4

39 R9 32 K10 25 U10 183 P4 180 I13 180 L4 21 F10 106 F11 14 G14 184 I13 22 L7 30 K15 27 P9 20 H10 63 G14 97 D16 29 R10 103 U6 104 M15

105 O9 105 N7 25 X9

59 G15 42 B6

54 E11 54 G10 64 E12

39°24´N 101°04´W

57 H17 Colca, Río j SW Peru 97 P21 Colchester hist. Colneceaste; anc. Camulodunum. E England, United Kingdom 51°54´N 00°54´E

19 N13 Colchester Connecticut, NE USA 41°34´N 72°17´W 38 M16 Cold Bay Alaska, USA 55°11´N 162°43´W

11 R14 Cold Lake Alberta, SW Canada 54°26´N 110°16´W 11 R13 Cold Lake c Alberta/ Saskatchewan, S Canada 29 U8 Cold Spring Minnesota, N USA 45°27´N 94°25´W 25 W10 Coldspring Texas, SW USA 30°34´N 95°10´W 11 N17 Coldstream British Columbia, SW Canada 50°13´N 119°09´W 96 L13 Coldstream SE Scotland, United Kingdom 55°39´N 02°19´W

Administrative Regions International Airport

15 T6 155 J25 155 J25 29 N11 61 B19 61 D18 44 D5 43 T14 42 K5

40°38´N 04°00´W Collarenebri New South Wales, SE Australia 29°31´S 148°33´E Collbran Colorado, C USA 39°14´N 107°57´W Colle di Val d’Elsa Toscana, C Italy 43°26´N 11°06´E College Alaska, USA 64°49´N 148°06´W College Place Washington, NW USA 46°03´N 118°23´W College Station Texas, SW USA 30°38´N 96°21´W Collerina New South Wales, SE Australia 29°41´S 146°36´E Collie Western Australia 33°20´S 116°06´E Collier Bay bay Western Australia Collierville Tennessee, S USA 35°02´N 89°39´W Collina, Passo della pass C Italy Collingwood Ontario, S Canada 44°30´N 80°14´W Collingwood Tasman, South Island, New Zealand 40°40´S 172°40´E Collins Mississippi, S USA 31°39´N 89°33´W Collinsville Illinois, N USA 38°40´N 89°58´W Collinsville Oklahoma, C USA 36°21´N 95°50´W Collinwood Tennessee, S USA 35°10´N 87°44´W Collipo see Leiria Collipulli Araucanía, C Chile 37°55´S 72°30´W Collooney Ir. Cúil Mhuine. NW Ireland 54°11´N 08°29´W Colman South Dakota, N USA 43°58´N 96°48´W Colmar Ger. Kolmar. Haut-Rhin, NE France 48°05´N 07°21´E Colmenar Andalucía, S Spain 36°54´N 04°20´W Colmenar see Colmenar de Oreja Colmenar de Oreja var. Colmenar. Madrid, C Spain 40°06´N 03°25´W Colmenar Viejo Madrid, C Spain 40°39´N 03°46´W Colmesneil Texas, SW USA 30°54´N 94°25´W Cöln see Köln Colneceaste see Colchester Colniza Mato Grosso, W Brazil 09°16´S 59°25´W Cologne see Köln Colomba Quezaltenango, SW Guatemala 14°45´N 91°39´W Colomb-Béchar see Béchar Colombia Huila, C Colombia 03°24´N 74°49´W Colombia off. Republic of Colombia. b republic N South America Colombian Basin undersea feature SW Caribbean Sea 13°00´N 76°00´W Colombia, Republic of see Colombia Colombie-Britannique see British Columbia Colombier Québec, SE Canada 48°51´N 68°52´W Colombo a (Sri Lanka ) Western Province, W Sri Lanka 06°55´N 79°52´E Colombo k Western Province, SW Sri Lanka 06°50´N 79°59´E Colome South Dakota, N USA 43°13´N 99°42´W Colón Buenos Aires, E Argentina 33°53´S 61°06´W Colon Entre Ríos, E Argentina 32°10´S 58°16´W Colón Matanzas, C Cuba 22°43´N 80°54´W Colón prev. Aspinwall. Colón, C Panama 09°04´N 80°33´W Colón r department NE Honduras

Mountain Mountain Range

43 S15 Colón off. Provincia de Colón. r province N Panama 57 A16 Colón, Archipiélago de var. Islas de los Galápagos, Eng. Galapagos Islands, Tortoise Islands. island group Ecuador, E Pacific Ocean 44 K5 Colonel Hill Crooked Island, SE The Bahamas

28 K2

40 C3

29 Y15

22°43´N 74°12´W Colonet Baja California Norte, NW Mexico 31°00´N 116°1´W 40 B3 Colonet, Cabo headland NW Mexico 30°57´N 116°19´W 188 G14 Colonia Yap, W Micronesia 09°29´N 138°06´E 61 D19 Colonia r department SW Uruguay Colonia see Kolonia, Micronesia Colonia see Colonia del Sacramento, Uruguay Colonia Agrippina see Köln

61 D20 Colonia del Sacramento var. Colonia. Colonia, SW Uruguay 34°29´S 57°48´W 62 L8 Colonia Dora Santiago del Estero, N Argentina 28°34´S 62°59´W

Colonia Julia Fanestris see Fano 21 W5 Colonial Beach Virginia, NE USA 38°15´N 76°57´W 21 V6 Colonial Heights Virginia, NE USA 37°15´N 77°24´W Colón, Provincia de see Colón 193 S7 Colón Ridge undersea feature E Pacific Ocean 02°00´N 96°00´W

96 F12 Colonsay island W Scotland, United Kingdom 57 K22 Colorada, Laguna c SW Bolivia 37 R6 Colorado off. State of Colorado, also known as Centennial State, Silver State. r state C USA 63 H22 Colorado, Cerro l S Argentina 49°58´S 71°38´W 25 O7 Colorado City Texas, SW USA 32°24´N 100°51´W 36 M7 Colorado Plateau plateau W USA 61 A24 Colorado, Río j E Argentina 43 N12 Colorado, Río j NE Costa Rica Colorado, Río see Colorado River 16 F12 Colorado River var. Río Colorado. j Mexico/USA 16 K14 Colorado River j Texas, SW USA 35 W15 Colorado River Aqueduct aqueduct California, W USA 44 A4 Colorados, Archipiélago de los island group NW Cuba 62 J9 Colorados, Desagües de los c W Argentina 37 T5 Colorado Springs Colorado, C USA 38°50´N 104°47´W 40 L11 Colotlán Jalisco, SW Mexico 22°08´N 103°15´W

57 L19 Colquechaca Potosí, C Bolivia 18°40´S 66°00´W 23 S7 Colquitt Georgia, SE USA 31°10´N 84°43´W

29 R11 Colton South Dakota, N USA 43°47´N 96°55´W

32 M10 Colton Washington, NW USA 46°34´N 117°10´W 35 P8 Columbia California, W USA 38°01´N 120°22´W

30 K16 Columbia Illinois, N USA 20 L7 22 I6 21 W3 22 L7 27 U4 21 Y9 18 G16 21 Q12 20 I9 0 F9 32 K9 197 Q10 31 Q12

38°26´N 90°12´W Columbia Kentucky, S USA 37°05´N 85°19´W Columbia Louisiana, S USA 32°05´N 92°03´W Columbia Maryland, NE USA 39°13´N 76°51´W Columbia Mississippi, S USA 31°15´N 89°50´W Columbia Missouri, C USA 38°56´N 92°19´W Columbia North Carolina, SE USA 35°55´N 76°15´W Columbia Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°01´N 76°30´W Columbia state capital South Carolina, SE USA 34°00´N 81°02´W Columbia Tennessee, S USA 35°37´N 87°02´W Columbia j Canada/USA Columbia Basin basin Washington, NW USA Columbia, Cape headland Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, NE Canada Columbia City Indiana, N USA 41°09´N 85°29´W

21 W3 Columbia, District of r federal district NE USA 33 P7 Columbia Falls Montana, NW USA 48°22´N 114°10´W 11 O15 Columbia Icefield ice field Alberta/British Columbia, S Canada 11 O15 Columbia, Mount l Alberta/British Columbia, SW Canada 52°07´N 117°30´W 11 N15 Columbia Mountains m British Columbia, SW Canada 23 P4 Columbiana Alabama, S USA 33°10´N 86°36´W 31 V12 Columbiana Ohio, N USA 40°53´N 80°41´W

32 M14 Columbia Plateau plateau Idaho/Oregon, NW USA 29 P7 Columbia Road Reservoir d South Dakota, N USA 65 K16 Columbia Seamount undersea feature C Atlantic Ocean 20°30´S 32°00´W 83 D25 Columbine, Cape headland SW South Africa 32°50´S 17°39´E

105 U9 Columbretes, Illes prev. Islas Columbretes. island group E Spain Columbretes, Islas see Columbretes, Illes 23 R5 Columbus Georgia, SE USA 32°29´N 84°58´W

31 P14 Columbus Indiana, N USA 27 R7 23 N4 33 U11 29 Q15 37 Q16 21 P10

Volcano River

39°12´N 85°55´W Columbus Kansas, C USA 37°09´N 94°52´W Columbus Mississippi, S USA 33°30´N 88°25´W Columbus Montana, NW USA 45°38´N 109°15´W Columbus Nebraska, C USA 41°25´N 97°22´W Columbus New Mexico, SW USA 31°49´N 107°38´W Columbus North Carolina, SE USA 35°15´N 82°09´W

Lake Reservoir

Columbus North Dakota, N USA 48°52´N 102°47´W 31 S13 Columbus state capital Ohio, N USA 39°58´N 83°W 25 U11 Columbus Texas, SW USA 30 L8 31 R12

44 J3 35 T8 35 N6 32 L7 184 M5 184 M5 39 P6 97 J18 106 H9

29°42´N 96°35´W Columbus Wisconsin, N USA 43°21´N 89°00´W Columbus Grove Ohio, N USA 40°55´N 84°03´W Columbus Junction Iowa, C USA 41°16´N 91°21´W Columbus Point headland Cat Island, C The Bahamas 24°07´N 75°19´W Columbus Salt Marsh salt marsh Nevada, W USA Colusa California, W USA 39°10´N 122°03´W Colville Washington, NW USA 48°33´N 117°54´W Colville, Cape headland North Island, New Zealand 36°28´S 175°20´E Colville Channel channel North Island, New Zealand Colville River j Alaska, USA Colwyn Bay N Wales, United Kingdom 53°18´N 03°43´W Comacchio var. Commachio; anc. Comactium. Emilia-Romagna, N Italy 44°41´N 12°10´E

106 H9 Comacchio, Valli di lagoon Adriatic Sea, N Mediterranean Sea Comactium see Comacchio 41 V17 Comalapa Chiapas, SE Mexico 15°42´N 92°06´W 41 U15 Comalcalco Tabasco, SE Mexico 18°16´N 93°05´W 63 H16 Comallo Río Negro, SW Argentina 40°58´S 70°13´W 26 M12 Comanche Oklahoma, C USA 34°22´N 97°57´W 25 R8 Comanche Texas, SW USA 31°55´N 98°36´W

194 H2 Comandante Ferraz Brazilian research station Antarctica 61°57´S 58°23´W 62 N6 Comandante Fontana Formosa, N Argentina 25°19´S 59°42´W

63 I22 Comandante Luis Peidra Buena Santa Cruz, S Argentina 50°04´S 68°55´W 59 O18 Comandatuba Bahia, SE Brazil 15°13´S 39°00´W 116 K11 Comăneşti Hung. Kománfalva. Bacău, SW Romania 46°25´N 26°29´E 57 M19 Comarapa Santa Cruz, C Bolivia 17°53´S 64°30´W 116 J13 Comarnic Prahova, SE Romania 45°18´N 25°37´E 42 H6 Comayagua Comayagua, W Honduras 14°30´N 87°39´W 42 H6 Comayagua r department W Honduras 42 I6 Comayagua, Montañas de m C Honduras 21 R15 Combahee River j South Carolina, SE USA 62 G10 Combarbalá Coquimbo, C Chile 31°15´S 71°03´W 103 S7 Combeaufontaine Haute-Saône, E France 47°43´N 05°52´E

97 G15 Comber Ir. An Comar. E Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 54°33´N 05°45´W 99 K20 Comblain-au-Pont Liège, E Belgium 50°29´N 05°36´E 102 I6 Combourg Ille-et-Vilaine, NW France 48°21´N 01°44´W 44 M9 Comendador prev. Elías Piña. W Dominican Republic 18°53´N 71°42´W

Comer See see Como, Lago di 25 R11 Comfort Texas, SW USA 29°58´N 98°54´W

153 V15 Comilla Ben. Kumillā. Chittagong, E Bangladesh 23°28´N 91°10´E

99 B18 Comines Hainaut, W Belgium 50°46´N 02°58´E Comino see Kemmuna 107 D18 Comino, Capo headland Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 40°32´N 09°49´E

107 K25 Comiso Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 36°57´N 14°37´E

41 V16 Comitán var. Comitán de Domínguez. Chiapas, SE Mexico 16°15´N 92°06´W Comitán de Domínguez see Comitán Commachio see Comacchio Commander Islands see Komandorskiye Ostrova 103 O10 Commentry Allier, C France 46°18´N 02°46´E Commerce Georgia, SE USA 34°12´N 83°27´W R8 Commerce Oklahoma, C USA 36°55´N 94°52´W V5 Commerce Texas, SW USA 33°16´N 95°52´W T4 Commerce City Colorado, C USA 39°45´N 104°54´W S5 Commercy Meuse, NE France 48°46´N 05°36´E W9 Commewijne var. Commewyne. r district NE Suriname Commewyne see Commewijne

23 T2 27 25 37 103 55

Commissaires, Lac des c Québec, SE Canada 64 A12 Commissioner’s Point headland W Bermuda 9 O7 Committee Bay bay Nunavut, N Canada 106 D7 Como anc. Comum. Lombardia, N Italy 15 P8

45°48´N 09°05´E

63 J19 Comodoro Rivadavia Chubut, SE Argentina 45°50´S 67°30´W

106 D6 Como, Lago di var. Lario, Eng. Lake Como, Ger. Comer See. c N Italy Como, Lake see Como, Lago di 40 E7 Comondú Baja California Sur, NW Mexico 26°01´N 111°50´W

116 F12 Comorâşte Hung. Komornok. Caraș-Severin, SW Romania 45°13´N 21°34´E Comores, République Fédérale Islamique des see Comoros 155 G24 Comorin, Cape headland SE India 08°00´N 77°10´E 172 M8 Comoro Basin undersea feature SW Indian Ocean 14°00´S 44°00´E

Comoro Islands – CovIngton 172 K14 Comoro Islands island group W Indian Ocean 172 H13 Comoros off. Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros, Fr. République Fédérale Islamique des Comores. b republic W Indian Ocean Comoros, Federal Islamic Republic of the see Comoros 10 L17 Comox Vancouver Island, British Columbia, SW Canada 103 O4

40 K12

60 L11 117 N11 25 O11 31 P9

49°40´N 124°55´W Compiègne Oise, N France 49°25´N 02°50´E Complutum see Alcalá de Henares Compniacum see Cognac Compostela Nayarit, C Mexico 21°12´N 104°52´W Compostella see Santiago de Compostela Comprida, Ilha island S Brazil Comrat Rus. Komrat. S Moldova 46°18´N 28°40´E Comstock Texas, SW USA 29°39´N 101°10´W Comstock Park Michigan, N USA 43°00´N 85°40´W

193 N3 Comstock Seamount undersea feature N Pacific Ocean 48°15´N 156°55´W Comum see Como 159 N17 Cona Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 27°59´N 91°54´E 76 H14 Conakry a (Guinea) SW Guinea 09°31´N 13°43´W 76 H14 Conakry k SW Guinea

09°37´N 13°32´W Conamara see Connemara Conca see Cuenca 25 Q12 Concan Texas, SW USA 29°27´N 99°43´W 102 F6 Concarneau Finistère, NW France 47°53´N 03°55´W 83 O17 Conceição Sofala, C Mozambique 18°47´S 36°18´E

59 K15 Conceição do Araguaia Pará, NE Brazil 08°15´S 49°15´W

58 F10 Conceição do Maú Roraima, W Brazil 03°35´N 59°52´W 61 D14 Concepción var. Concepcion. Corrientes, NE Argentina 28°25´S 57°54´W 62 J8 Concepción Tucumán, N Argentina 27°20´S 65°35´W 57 O17 Concepción Santa Cruz, E Bolivia 16°15´S 62°08´W 62 G13 Concepción Bío Bío, C Chile 36°47´S 73°01´W

54 E14 Concepción Putumayo, S Colombia 0°03´N 75°35´W 62 O5 Concepción var. Villa Concepción. Concepción, C Paraguay 23°26´S 57°24´W 62 O5 Concepción off. Departamento de Concepción. r department E Paraguay Concepción see La Concepción Concepción de la Vega see La Vega 41 N9 Concepción del Oro Zacatecas, C Mexico 24°38´N 101°25´W

61 D18 Concepción del Uruguay Entre Ríos, E Argentina 32°30´S 58°15´W

Concepción, Departamento de see Concepción 42 K11 Concepción, Volcán i SW Nicaragua 11°31´N 85°37´W

Conception Island island C The Bahamas 35 P14 Conception, Point headland California, W USA 44 J4

37 U11 37 U10 102 M5 37 N12 40 J5 41 O8 108 C8 35 N8 19 O9 21 R10 61 D17 60 I13 54 D9 40 J10 57 I19 27 N3 27 S4 167 S7 167 T15

29 P8 42 J8 103 P2 102 K5

183 P8 102 L15 32 J11 54 D9 23 P7

45°53´N 12°18´E

61 C19 Conesa Buenos Aires, E Argentina 33°36´S 60°21´W 14 F15 Conestogo j Ontario, S Canada Confluentes see Koblenz 102 L10 Confolens Charente, W France 46°00´N 00°40´E 36 J4 Confusion Range m Utah, W USA 62 N6 Confuso, Río j C Paraguay 21 R12 Congaree River j South Carolina, SE USA Công Hoa Xa Hôi Chu Nghia Viêt Nam see Vietnam 160 K12 Congjiang var. Bingmei. Guizhou, S China 25°48´N 108°55´E

79 G18 Congo off. Republic of the Congo, Fr. Moyen-Congo; prev. Middle Congo. b republic C Africa 79 K19 Congo off. Democratic Republic of Congo; prev. Zaire, Belgian Congo, Congo (Kinshasa). b republic C Africa 67 T11 Congo var. Kongo, Fr. Zaire. j C Africa Congo see Zaire (province) Angola 68 G12 Congo Basin drainage basin W Dem. Rep. Congo 67 Q11 Congo Canyon var. Congo Seavalley, Congo Submarine Canyon. undersea feature E Atlantic Ocean 06°00´S 11°50´E Congo Cone see Congo Fan

Congo/Congo (Kinshasa) see Congo (Democratic Republic of) 65 P15 Congo Fan var. Congo Cone. undersea feature E Atlantic Ocean 06°00´S 09°00´E Congo Seavalley see Congo Canyon Congo Submarine Canyon see Congo Canyon Coni see Cuneo 63 H18 Cónico, Cerro l SW Argentina 43°12´S 71°42´W

Conimbria/Conimbriga see Coimbra Conjeeveram see Kānchīpuram 11 R13 Conklin Alberta, C Canada 55°36´N 111°06´W

97 B17 31 V10 18 L13

19 N8 19 O6 32 K9 97 B17 31 Q14 97 B16 35 X6

36°16´N 102°10´W Con, Loch see Conn, Lough Connacht see Connaught Connaught var. Connacht, Ir. Chonnacht, Cúige. cultural region W Ireland Conneaut Ohio, N USA 41°56´N 80°32´W Connecticut off. State of Connecticut, also known as Blue Law State, Constitution State, Land of Steady Habits, Nutmeg State. r state NE USA Connecticut j Canada/ USA Connecticut Lakes lakes New Hampshire, NE USA Connell Washington, NW USA 46°39´N 118°51´W Connemara Ir. Conamara. physical region W Ireland Connersville Indiana, N USA 39°38´N 85°15´W Conn, Lough Ir. Loch Con. c W Ireland Connors Pass pass Nevada, W USA

Connors Range m Queensland, E Australia Cononaco, Río j E Ecuador 29 W13 Conrad Iowa, C USA 181 X7

09°02´N 71°45´W Conchas São Paulo, S Brazil 23°00´S 47°58´W Conchas Dam New Mexico, SW USA 35°21´N 104°11´W Conchas Lake d New Mexico, SW USA Conches-en-Ouche Eure, N France 49°00´N 01°00´E Concho Arizona, SW USA 34°28´N 109°33´W

56 E7

Conchos, Río j NW Mexico Conchos, Río j C Mexico Concise Vaud, W Switzerland 46°52´N 06°40´E Concord California, W USA 37°58´N 122°01´W Concord state capital New Hampshire, NE USA 43°10´N 71°32´W Concord North Carolina, SE USA 35°25´N 80°34´W Concordia Entre Ríos, E Argentina 31°25´S 58°W Concórdia Santa Catarina, S Brazil 27°14´S 52°01´W Concordia Antioquia, W Colombia 06°03´N 75°57´W Concordia Sinaloa, C Mexico 23°18´N 106°02´W Concordia Tacna, SW Peru 18°12´S 70°19´W Concordia Kansas, C USA 39°35´N 97°39´W Concordia Missouri, C USA 38°58´N 93°34´W Con Cuông Nghê An, N Vietnam 19°02´N 104°54´E Côn Ðao Sn var. Con Son. island S Vietnam Condate see Rennes, Ille-etVilaine, France Condate see St-Claude, Jura, France Condate see MontereauFaut-Yonne, Seine-St-Denis, France Conde South Dakota, N USA 45°08´N 98°07´W Condega Estelí, NW Nicaragua 13°19´N 86°26´W Condé-sur-l’Escaut Nord, N France 50°27´N 03°36´E Condé-sur-Noireau Calvados, N France 48°52´N 00°31´W Condivincum see Nantes Condobolin New South Wales, SE Australia 33°04´S 147°08´E Condom Gers, S France 43°56´N 00°23´E Condon Oregon, NW USA 45°15´N 120°10´W Condoto Chocó, W Colombia 05°06´N 76°37´W Conecuh River j Alabama/ Florida, SE USA

54 G8 Contratación Santander, C Colombia 06°18´N 73°27´W 102 M8 Contres Loir-et-Cher, C France 47°24´N 01°30´E 107 O17 Conversano Puglia, SE Italy 27 U11 19 O8 21 U13 25 N2 27 U11 27 N7 97 J18 23 T3 182 F4 181 P2 182 B6 29 W4 191 N6 10 J16

37 Q15 20 L8 175 P9

39 Q12 191 X2 190 J14

187 O15 14 G14 97 F15

24 M1 Conlen Texas, SW USA

34°27´N 120°28´W

54 H6 Concha Zulia, W Venezuela 60 L9

106 H7 Conegliano Veneto, NE Italy

31°45´N 96°39´W

183 Q11 Cooma New South Wales, SE Australia 36°16´S 149°09´E Coomassie see Kumasi 183 R6 Coonabarabran New South Wales, SE Australia 31°19´S 149°18´E

182 J10 Coonalpyn South Australia

25 V5 181 U9

59 M20 Conselheiro Lafaiete Minas Gerais, SE Brazil

39 R12

20°40´S 43°48´W Consentia see Cosenza 97 L14 Consett N England, United Kingdom 54°50´N 01°53´W

21 T14

22°32´N 83°32´W Con Son see Côn Ðao Sn 11 R15 Consort Alberta, SW Canada 51°58´N 110°44´W Constance see Konstanz 108 I6 Constance, Lake Ger. Bodensee. c C Europe 104 G9 Constância Santarém, C Portugal 39°29´N 08°22´W 117 N14 Constana var. Küstendje, Eng. Constanza, Ger. Konstanza, Turk. Küstence. Constana, SE Romania 44°09´N 28°37´E 116 L14 Constana r county SE Romania Constantia see Coutances Constantia see Konstanz 104 K13 Constantina Andalucía, S Spain 37°54´N 05°36´W 74 L5 Constantine var. Qacentina, Ar. Qoussantîna. NE Algeria 36°23´N 06°44´E 39 O14 Constantine, Cape headland Alaska, USA 58°23´N 158°53´W Constantinople see İstanbul Constantiola see Olteniţa Constanz see Konstanz Constanza see Constana 62 G13 Constitución Maule, C Chile 35°20´S 72°28´W 61 D17 Constitución Salto, N Uruguay 31°05´S 57°51´W Constitution State see Connecticut 105 N10 Consuegra CastillaLa Mancha, C Spain 39°28´N 03°36´W

Country Country Capital

32°58´N 111°29´W

25 U8 Coolidge Texas, SW USA

29 V8

31°03´S 59°05´W

Consuelo Peak l Queensland, E Australia 24°45´S 148°01´E 56 E11 Contamana Loreto, N Peru 07°19´S 75°04´W Contrasto, Colle del see Contrasto, Portella del 107 K23 Contrasto, Portella del var. Colle del Contrasto. pass Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea

182 J11 Coola Coola Swamp wetland South Australia 183 S7 Coolah New South Wales, SE Australia 31°49´S 149°43´E 183 P9 Coolamon New South Wales, SE Australia 34°49´S 147°13´E 183 T4 Coolatai New South Wales, SE Australia 29°16´S 150°45´E 180 K12 Coolgardie Western Australia 31°01´S 121°12´E 36 L14 Coolidge Arizona, SW USA

29 U14

61 C17 Conscripto Bernardi Entre Ríos, E Argentina

181 X9

183 P6

155 G21

42°13´N 92°52´W Conrad Montana, NW USA 48°10´N 111°58´W 25 W10 Conroe Texas, SW USA 30°19´N 95°28´W 25 V10 Conroe, Lake d Texas, SW USA

Consolación del Sur Pinar del Río, W Cuba

181 W3

183 R6

33 R7

44 B5

185 K14

40°58´N 17°07´E Conway Arkansas, C USA 35°05´N 92°27´W Conway New Hampshire, NE USA 43°58´N 71°05´W Conway South Carolina, SE USA 33°51´N 79°04´W Conway Texas, SW USA 35°10´N 101°23´W Conway, Lake d Arkansas, C USA Conway Springs Kansas, C USA 37°23´N 97°38´W Conwy N Wales, United Kingdom 53°17´N 03°51´W Conyers Georgia, SE USA 33°40´N 84°01´W Coo see Kos Coober Pedy South Australia 29°01´S 134°47´E Cooinda Northern Territory, N Australia 12°54´S 132°31´E Cook South Australia 30°37´S 130°26´E Cook Minnesota, N USA 47°51´N 92°41´W Cook, Baie de bay Moorea, W French Polynesia Cook, Cape headland Vancouver Island, British Columbia, SW Canada 50°04´N 127°52´W Cookes Peak l New Mexico, SW USA 32°32´N 107°43´W Cookeville Tennessee, S USA 361°00´N 85°30´W Cook Fracture Zone tectonic feature S Pacific Ocean Cook, Grand Récif de see Cook, Récif de Cook Inlet inlet Alaska, USA Cook Island island Line Islands, E Kiribati Cook Islands p selfgoverning entity in free association with New Zealand S Pacific Ocean Cook, Mount see Aoraki Cook, Récif de var. Grand Récif de Cook. reef S New Caledonia Cookstown Ontario, S Canada 44°12´N 79°39´W Cookstown Ir. An Chorr Chríochach. C Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 54°39´N 06°45´W Cook Strait var. Raukawa. strait New Zealand Cooktown Queensland, NE Australia 15°28´S 145°15´E Coolabah New South Wales, SE Australia 31°03´S 146°42´E

44 H1 18 J10 29 P4 31 P9 182 D7 23 Q3 32 E14 183 Q9 97 E16 57 J17 63 H14 41 U16 32 F8 42 F6 25 T14 42 F6

107 Q19 62 H7 62 G8 62 G7 114 M12 182 I5 106 H9

35°43´S 139°50´E Coonamble New South Wales, SE Australia 30°56´S 148°22´E Coondapoor see Kundāpura Coonoor Tamil Nādu, SE India 11°21´N 76°46´E Coon Rapids Iowa, C USA 41°52´N 94°40´W Coon Rapids Minnesota, N USA 45°12´N 93°18´W Cooper Texas, SW USA 33°23´N 95°42´W Cooper Creek var. Barcoo, Cooper’s Creek. seasonal river Queensland/South Australia Cooper Landing Alaska, USA 60°27´N 149°59´W Cooper River j South Carolina, SE USA Cooper’s Creek see Cooper Creek Coopers Town Great Abaco, N The Bahamas 26°46´N 77°27´W Cooperstown New York, NE USA 42°43´N 74°56´W Cooperstown North Dakota, N USA 47°26´N 98°07´W Coopersville Michigan, N USA 43°03´N 85°55´W Coorabie South Australia 31°57´S 132°18´E Coosa River j Alabama/ Georgia, S USA Coos Bay Oregon, NW USA 43°22´N 124°13´W Cootamundra New South Wales, SE Australia 34°41´S 148°03´E Cootehill Ir. Muinchille. N Ireland 54°04´N 07°05´W Čop see Chop Copacabana La Paz, W Bolivia 16°11´S 69°02´W Copahué, Volcán i C Chile 37°56´S 71°04´W Copainalá Chiapas, SE Mexico 17°04´N 93°13´W Copalis Beach Washington, NW USA 47°05´N 124°11´W Copán r department W Honduras Copán see Copán Ruinas Copano Bay bay NW Gulf of Mexico Copán Ruinas var. Copán. Copán, W Honduras 14°52´N 89°10´W Copenhagen see København Copertino Puglia, SE Italy 40°16´N 18°03´E Copiapó Atacama, N Chile 27°17´S 70°25´W Copiapó, Bahía bay N Chile Copiapó, Río j N Chile Çöpköy Edirne, NW Turkey 41°14´N 26°51´E Copley South Australia 30°36´S 138°26´E Copparo Emilia-Romagna, C Italy 44°53´N 11°53´E

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

55 V10 Coppename Rivier var. Koppename. j C Suriname 25 S9 Copperas Cove Texas, SW USA 31°07´N 97°54´W 82 J13 Copperbelt r province C Zambia 39 S11 Copper Center Alaska, USA 8

K8

39 T11 116 I11

158 J14

32 E14 62 G9 62 G9

116 I15 57 F17

44 K9 183 V4 180 G8 23 Y16 9

P8

192 I9 174 M7

61°57´N 145°21´W Coppermine j Northwest Territories/Nunavut, N Canada Coppermine see Kugluktuk Copper River j Alaska, USA Copper State see Arizona Copşa Mică Ger. Kleinkopisch, Hung. Kiskapus. Sibiu, C Romania 46°06´N 24°15´E Coqên Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 31°13´N 85°12´E Coquilhatville see Mbandaka Coquille Oregon, NW USA 43°11´N 124°12´W Coquimbo Coquimbo, N Chile 30°S 71°18´W Coquimbo off. Región de Coquimbo. r region C Chile Coquimbo, Región de see Coquimbo Corabia Olt, S Romania 43°46´N 24°31´E Coracora Ayacucho, SW Peru 15°03´S 73°45´W Cora Droma Rúisc see Carrick-on-Shannon Corail SW Haiti 18°34´N 73°53´W Coraki New South Wales, SE Australia 29°01´S 153°15´E Coral Bay Western Australia 23°02´S 113°51´E Coral Gables Florida, SE USA 25°43´N 80°16´W Coral Harbour var. Salliq. Southampton Island, Nunavut, NE Canada 64°10´N 83°15´W Coral Sea sea SW Pacific Ocean Coral Sea Basin undersea feature N Coral Sea

192 H9 Coral Sea Islands p Australian external territory SW Pacific Ocean 182 M12 Corangamite, Lake c Victoria, SE Australia Corantijn Rivier see Courantyne River 18 B14 Coraopolis Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°28´N 80°08´W 107 N17 Corato Puglia, SE Italy 41°09´N 16°25´E

103 O17 Corbières m S France 103 P8 Corbigny Nièvre, C France

47°15´N 03°42´E 21 N7 Corbin Kentucky, S USA 36°57´N 84°06´W 104 L14 Corbones j SW Spain Corcaigh see Cork 35 R11 Corcoran California, W USA 36°06´N 119°33´W 47 T14 Corcovado, Golfo gulf S Chile

63 G18 Corcovado, Volcán i S Chile 43°13´S 72°45´W 104 F3 Corcubión Galicia, NW Spain 42°56´N 09°12´W Corcyra Nigra see Korčula 60 Q9 Cordeiro Rio de Janeiro, SE Brazil 22°01´S 42°20´W 23 T6 Cordele Georgia, SE USA

31°59´N 83°49´W 26 L11 Cordell Oklahoma, C USA 35°17´N 98°59´W 103 N14 Cordes Tarn, S France 44°03´N 01°57´E 62 O6 Cordillera off. Departamento de la Cordillera. r department C Paraguay Cordillera see Cacaguatique, Cordillera

182 K1 62 K10 41 R14 104 M13

Cordillera, Departamento de la see Cordillera Cordillo Downs South Australia 26°44´S 140°37´E Córdoba Córdoba, C Argentina 31°25´S 64°11´W Córdoba Veracruz-Llave, E Mexico 18°55´N 96°55´W Córdoba var. Cordoba, Eng. Cordova; anc. Corduba. Andalucía, SW Spain

37°53´N 04°46´W 62 K11 Córdoba off. Provincia de Córdoba. r province C Argentina 54 D7 Córdoba off. Departamento de Córdoba. r province NW Colombia 104 L13 Córdoba r province Andalucía, S Spain

Córdoba, Departamento de see Córdoba Córdoba, Provincia de see Córdoba 62 K10 Córdoba, Sierras de m C Argentina 23 O3 Cordova Alabama, S USA

33°45´N 87°10´W 39 S12 Cordova Alaska, USA 60°32´N 145°45´W Cordova/Cordoba see Córdoba Corduba see Córdoba Corentyne River see Courantyne River Corfu see Kérkyra 104 J9 Coria Extremadura, W Spain 39°59´N 06°32´W 104 J14 Coria del Río Andalucía, S Spain 37°18´N 06°04´W 183 S8 Coricudgy, Mount l New South Wales, SE Australia 32°49´S 150°28´E

107 N20 Corigliano Calabro Calabria, SW Italy 39°36´N 16°32´E

Corinium/Corinium Dobunorum see Cirencester 23 N1 Corinth Mississippi, S USA 34°56´N 88°29´W Corinth see Kórinthos Corinth Canal see Dióryga Korinthou

42 I9 97 C21 97 C21 97 C21 97 D21

Corinth, Gulf of/ Corinthiacus Sinus see Korinthiakós Kólpos Corinthus see Kórinthos Corinto Chinandega, NW Nicaragua

12°29´N 87°14´W Cork Ir. Corcaigh. S Ireland 51°54´N 07°06´W Cork Ir. Corcaigh. cultural region SW Ireland Cork k Cork, SW Ireland 51°52´N 08°25´W Cork Harbour Ir. Cuan Chorcaí. inlet SW Ireland

Administrative Regions International Airport

107 I23 Corleone Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 114 N13 114 N12 11 V13 23 T2 60 J10 55 V9 30 J5

37°49´N 13°18´E Çorlu Tekirdağ, NW Turkey 41°11´N 27°48´E Çorlu Çayı j NW Turkey Cormaiore see Courmayeur Cormorant Manitoba, C Canada 54°12´N 100°33´W Cornelia Georgia, SE USA 34°30´N 83°31´W Cornélio Procópio Paraná, S Brazil 23°07´S 50°40´W Corneliskondre Sipaliwini, N Suriname 05°21´N 56°10´W Cornell Wisconsin, N USA 45°09´N 91°10´W

13 S12 Corner Brook Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, E Canada 48°58´N 57°58´W Corner Rise Seamounts see Corner Seamounts 64 I9 Corner Seamounts var. Corner Rise Seamounts. undersea feature NW Atlantic Ocean 35°30´N 51°30´W 116 M9 Corneşti Rus. Korneshty. C Moldova 47°23´N 28°00´E Corneto see Tarquinia Cornhusker State see Nebraska 27 X8 Corning Arkansas, C USA 35 N5 29 U15 18 G11

107 J14 15 N13 97 H25 97 G25 54 J4

36°26´N 90°35´W Corning California, W USA 39°54´N 122°12´W Corning Iowa, C USA 40°58´N 94°46´W Corning New York, NE USA 42°08´N 77°03´W Corn Islands see Maíz, Islas del Corno Grande l C Italy 42°26´N 13°29´E Cornwall Ontario, SE Canada 45°02´N 74°45´W Cornwall cultural region SW England, United Kingdom Cornwall, Cape headland SW England, United Kingdom 50°11´N 05°39´W Coro prev. Santa Ana de Coro. Falcón, NW Venezuela 11°27´N 69°41´W Corocoro La Paz, W Bolivia 17°10´S 68°28´W Coroico La Paz, W Bolivia 16°09´S 67°45´W Coromandel Waikato, North Island, New Zealand 36°47´S 175°30´E Coromandel Coast coast E India

Corrientes, Provincia de see Corrientes 61 C16 Corrientes, Río j NE Argentina 56 E8 Corrientes, Río j Ecuador/ Peru 25 W9 Corrigan Texas, SW USA 31°00´N 94°49´W 55 U9 Corriverton E Guyana 05°55´N 57°09´W Corriza see Korçë 183 Q11 Corryong Victoria, SE Australia 36°14´S 147°54´E 103 F2 Corse Eng. Corsica. r region France, C Mediterranean  Sea 101 X13 Corse Eng. Corsica. island France, C Mediterranean Sea 103 Y12 Corse, Cap headland Corse, France, C Mediterranean Sea 43°01´N 09°25´E

103 X15 Corse-du-Sud r department Corse, France, C Mediterranean Sea 29 P11 Corsica South Dakota, N USA 43°25´N 98°24´W Corsica see Corse 25 U7 Corsicana Texas, SW USA 32°05´N 96°27´W

103 Y15 Corte Corse, France, C Mediterranean Sea 63 G16 104 I13 43 N15 42 G5 37 P8

106 H6 18 H11 31 V11 106 H12

42°18´N 09°08´E Corte Alto Los Lagos, S Chile 40°58´S 73°04´W Cortegana Andalucía, S Spain 37°55´N 06°49´W Cortés var. Ciudad Cortés. Puntarenas, SE Costa Rica 08°59´N 83°32´W Cortés r department NW Honduras Cortez Colorado, C USA 37°22´N 108°36´W Cortez, Sea of see California, Golfo de Cortina d’Ampezzo Veneto, NE Italy 46°33´N 12°09´E Cortland New York, NE USA 42°34´N 76°09´W Cortland Ohio, N USA 41°19´N 80°43´W Cortona Toscana, C Italy 43°15´N 12°01´E

56 B6 56 C6 97 L21

32 F13 21 S14 101 P14 27 U9 106 A9

22 G4 36 L12 32 M10 29 S9 25 Q7 27 O5 36 L3 29 S10 45 O9 25 Q13 102 I11 18 E12 15 S9

76 H13 Corubal, Rio j E Guinea-Bissau 104 G10 Coruche Santarém, C Portugal 38°58´N 08°31´W Çoruh see Rize 137 R11 Çoruh Nehri Geor. Chorokh, Rus. Chorokhi. j Georgia/Turkey 136 K12 Çorum var. Chorum. Çorum, N Turkey

182 G11

184 M5 Coromandel Peninsula peninsula North Island, New Zealand 184 M6 Coromandel Range m North Island, New Zealand 171 N5 Coron Busuanga Island, W Philippines 12°02´N 120°10´E 35 T15 Corona California, W USA

136 J12 Çorum var. Chorum. r province N Turkey 59 H19 Corumbá Mato Grosso do Sul, S Brazil 19°S 57°35´W 14 D16 Corunna Ontario, S Canada

195 Q15

37 T12 Corona New Mexico, SW USA 34°15´N 105°36´W 11 U17 Coronach Saskatchewan, S Canada 49°07´N 105°33´W 35 U17 Coronado California, W USA

64 M1 Corvo var. Ilha do Corvo. island Azores, Portugal, NE Atlantic Ocean Corvo, Ilha do see Corvo 31 O16 Corydon Indiana, N USA

35 Q9

43 N15 Coronado, Bahía de bay S Costa Rica 11 R15 Coronation Alberta, SW Canada 52°06´N 111°25´W 8 K7 Coronation Gulf gulf Nunavut, N Canada 194 I1 Coronation Island island Antarctica 39 X14 Coronation Island island Alexander Archipelago, Alaska, USA 61 B18 Coronda Santa Fe, C Argentina 31°58´S 60°56´W 63 F14 Coronel Bío Bío, C Chile

29 V16 Corydon Iowa, C USA

29 S15

57 J18 57 K17 184 M5 155 K20

33°52´N 117°34´W

32°41´N 117°10´W

37°01´S 73°08´W

61 D20 Coronel Brandsen var. Brandsen. Buenos Aires, E Argentina 35°08´S 58°15´W 62 K4 Coronel Cornejo Salta, N Argentina 22°46´S 63°49´W 61 B24 Coronel Dorrego Buenos Aires, E Argentina 38°38´S 61°15´W

Coronel Oviedo Caaguazú, SE Paraguay 25°24´S 56°30´W 61 B23 Coronel Pringles Buenos Aires, E Argentina 62 P6

37°56´S 61°25´W

61 B23 Coronel Suárez Buenos Aires, E Argentina 37°30´S 61°52´W

61 E22 Coronel Vidal Buenos Aires, E Argentina 37°28´S 57°45´W 55 V9 Coronie r district NW Suriname 57 G17 Coropuna, Nevado l S Peru 113 L22 183 P11 42 G1 54 E6 42 G1 25 T14 25 T14

15°31´S 72°31´W Çorovoda see Çorovodë Çorovodë var. Çorovoda. Berat, S Albania 40°29´N 20°15´E Corowa New South Wales, SE Australia 36°01´S 146°22´E Corozal Corozal, N Belize 18°23´N 88°23´W Corozal Sucre, NW Colombia 09°18´N 75°19´W Corozal r district N Belize Corpus Christi Texas, SW USA 27°48´N 97°24´W Corpus Christi Bay inlet Texas, SW USA

25 R14 Corpus Christi, Lake d Texas, SW USA 63 F16 Corral Los Ríos, C Chile 39°55´S 73°30´W

105 O9 Corral de Almaguer Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 104 K6 37 R11

106 F9 59 M16 59 I19 103 N12 97 C17 61 C14 61 D15 44 A5 40 I13

39°45´N 03°10´W Corrales Castilla y León, N Spain 41°22´N 05°44´W Corrales New Mexico, SW USA 35°11´N 106°37´W Corrán Tuathail see Carrauntoohil Correggio Emilia-Romagna, C Italy 44°47´N 10°46´E Corrente Piauí, E Brazil 10°29´S 45°11´W Correntes, Rio j SW Brazil Corrèze r department C France Corrib, Lough Ir. Loch Coirib. c W Ireland Corrientes Corrientes, NE Argentina 27°29´S 58°42´W Corrientes off. Provincia de Corrientes. r province NE Argentina Corrientes, Cabo headland W Cuba 21°48´N 84°30´W Corrientes, Cabo headland SW Mexico 20°25´N 105°42´W

Mountain Mountain Range

Volcano River

40°31´N 34°57´E

42°49´N 82°25´W

Corunna see A Coruña 32 F12 Corvallis Oregon, NW USA 44°35´N 122°36´W

38°12´N 86°07´W

40°45´N 93°19´W Cos see Kos 40 I9 Cosalá Sinaloa, C Mexico 24°25´N 106°39´W 41 R15 Cosamaloapan var. Cosamaloapan de Carpio. Veracruz-Llave, E Mexico 18°23´N 95°50´W

Cosamaloapan de Carpio see Cosamaloapan 107 N21 Cosenza anc. Consentia. Calabria, SW Italy 39°17´N 16°15´E 31 T13 Coshocton Ohio, N USA 40°16´N 81°53´W

42 H9 Cosigüina, Punta headland NW Nicaragua 29 T9

12°53´N 87°42´W Cosmos Minnesota, N USA 44°56´N 94°42´W

103 O8 Cosne-Cours-surLoire Nièvre, C France 108 B9

47°25´N 02°56´E Cossonay Vaud, W Switzerland 46°37´N 06°28´E Cossyra see Pantelleria

Costa, Cordillera de la var. Cordillera de Venezuela. m N Venezuela 42 K13 Costa Rica off. Republic of Costa Rica. b republic Central America Costa Rica, Republic of see Costa Rica 43 N15 Costeña, Fila m S Costa Rica Costermansville see Bukavu 116 I14 Costeşti Argeș, SW Romania 47 R4

44°40´N 24°53´E

Costilla New Mexico, SW USA 36°58´N 105°31´W 35 O7 Cosumnes River j California, W USA 101 O16 Coswig Sachsen, E Germany 37 S8

51°07´N 13°36´E

101 M14 Coswig Sachsen-Anhalt, E Germany 51°53´N 12°26´E Cosyra see Pantelleria 171 Q7 Cotabato Mindanao, S Philippines 07°13´N 124°12´E 56 C5 Cotacachi l N Ecuador

0°29´N 78°17´W 57 L21 Cotagaita Potosí, S Bolivia 20°47´S 65°40´W 103 V15 Côte d’Azur prev. Nice. k (Nice) Alpes-Maritimes, SE France 43°40´N 07°12´E Côte d’Ivoire see Ivory Coast

Côte d’Ivoire, République de la see Ivory Coast 103 R7 Côte d’Or r department E France 103 R8 Côte d’Or cultural region C France Côte Française des Somalis see Djibouti 102 J4 Cotentin peninsula N France 102 G6 Côtes d’Armor prev. Côtesdu-Nord. r department NW France Côtes-du-Nord see Côtes d’Armor Cöthen see Köthen Côtière, Chaîne see Coast Mountains 40 M13 Cotija var. Cotija de la Paz. Michoacán, SW Mexico 19°49´N 102°39´W

Cotija de la Paz see Cotija 77 R16 Cotonou var. Kotonu. S Benin 06°24´N 02°26´E 77 R16 Cotonou k S Benin 06°31´N 02°18´E

Lake Reservoir

102 I6 32 H10 102 L10 32 K8

103 P5 14 K11 14 K11

38 M9 32 M12

27 O5 27 O5 32 G7 55 U12 99 G21 108 C7 126 B2

118 B12

106 A6 108 D7 10 K17 21 W7 25 V10 30 J4 99 H19 22 G6 172 I16 172 I16 102 J4 102 K12 45 U14 108 B8 99 H22 116 K12 116 J11 14 E12 34 M5 97 M20

21 U5 104 I8 23 T3 31 N13 20 M3

Cotopaxi prev. León. r province C Ecuador Cotopaxi i N Ecuador 0°42´S 78°24´W Cotrone see Crotone Cotswold Hills var. Cotswolds. hill range S England, United Kingdom Cotswolds see Cotswold Hills Cottage Grove Oregon, NW USA 43°48´N 123°03´W Cottageville South Carolina, SE USA 32°55´N 80°28´W Cottbus Lus. Chośebuz; prev. Kottbus. Brandenburg, E Germany 51°42´N 14°22´E Cotter Arkansas, C USA 36°16´N 92°30´W Cottian Alps Fr. Alpes Cottiennes, It. Alpi Cozie. m France/Italy Cottiennes, Alpes see Cottian Alps Cotton State, The see Alabama Cotton Valley Louisiana, S USA 32°49´N 93°25´W Cottonwood Arizona, SW USA 34°43´N 112°00´W Cottonwood Idaho, NW USA 46°01´N 116°20´W Cottonwood Minnesota, N USA 44°37´N 95°41´W Cottonwood Texas, SW USA 32°12´N 99°14´W Cottonwood Falls Kansas, C USA 38°21´N 96°33´W Cottonwood Heights Utah, W USA 40°37´N 111°48´W Cottonwood River j Minnesota, N USA Cotuí C Dominican Republic 19°04´N 70°10´W Cotulla Texas, SW USA 28°27´N 99°15´W Cotyora see Ordu Coubre, Pointe de la headland W France 45°39´N 01°23´W Coudersport Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°45´N 78°00´W Coudres, Île aux island Québec, SE Canada Couedic, Cape de headland South Australia 36°04´S 136°43´E Couentrey see Coventry Couesnon j NW France Cougar Washington, NW USA 46°03´N 122°18´W Couhé Vienne, W France 46°18´N 00°10´E Coulee City Washington, NW USA 47°36´N 119°18´W Coulman Island island Antarctica Coulommiers Seineet-Marne, N France 48°49´N 03°04´E Coulonge j Québec, SE Canada Coulonge Est j Québec, SE Canada Coulterville California, W USA 37°41´N 120°10´W Council Alaska, USA 64°54´N 163°40´W Council Idaho, NW USA 44°45´N 116°26´W Council Bluffs Iowa, C USA 41°16´N 95°52´W Council Grove Kansas, C USA 38°41´N 96°29´W Council Grove Lake d Kansas, C USA Coupeville Washington, NW USA 48°13´N 122°41´W Courantyne River var. Corantijn Rivier, Corentyne River. j Guyana/Suriname Courcelles Hainaut, S Belgium 50°28´N 04°23´E Courgenay Jura, NW Switzerland 47°24´N 07°09´E Courland Lagoon Ger. Kurisches Haff, Rus. Kurskiy Zaliv. lagoon Lithuania/ Russian Federation Courland Spit Lith. Kuršių Nerija, Rus. Kurshskaya Kosa. spit Lithuania/Russian Federation Courmayeur prev. Cormaiore. Valle d’Aosta, NW Italy 45°48´N 07°00´E Courroux Jura, NW Switzerland 47°22´N 07°23´E Courtenay Vancouver Island, British Columbia, SW Canada 49°40´N 124°58´W Courtland Virginia, NE USA 36°44´N 77°06´W Courtney Texas, SW USA 30°16´N 96°04´W Court Oreilles, Lac c Wisconsin, N USA Courtrai see Kortrijk Court-Saint-Étienne Walloon Brabant, C Belgium 50°38´N 04°34´E Coushatta Louisiana, S USA 32°00´N 93°20´W Cousin island Inner Islands, NE Seychelles Cousine island Inner Islands, NE Seychelles Coutances anc. Constantia. Manche, N France 49°04´N 01°27´W Coutras Gironde, SW France 45°01´N 00°07´W Couva Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago 10°25´N 61°27´W Couvet Neuchâtel, W Switzerland 46°57´N 06°41´E Couvin Namur, S Belgium 50°03´N 04°30´E Covasna Ger. Kowasna, Hung. Kovászna. Covasna, E Romania 45°51´N 26°11´E Covasna r county E Romania Cove Island island Ontario, S Canada Covelo California, W USA 39°46´N 123°16´W Coventry anc. Couentrey. C England, United Kingdom 52°25´N 01°30´W Cove of Cork see Cobh Covesville Virginia, NE USA 37°52´N 78°41´W Covilhã Castelo Branco, E Portugal 40°17´N 07°30´W Covington Georgia, SE USA 33°34´N 83°52´W Covington Indiana, N USA 40°08´N 87°23´W Covington Kentucky, S USA 39°04´N 84°30´W

239

Covington – DaCia Bank 22 K8

Covington Louisiana, S USA 30°28´N 90°06´W

31 Q13 Covington Ohio, N USA 20 21 183 11 18 180 15 182 97 27 0

40°07´N 84°21´W F9 Covington Tennessee, S USA 35°32´N 89°40´W S6 Covington Virginia, NE USA 37°48´N 80°01´W Q8 Cowal, Lake seasonal lake New South Wales, SE Australia W15 Cowan Manitoba, S Canada 51°59´N 100°36´W F12 Cowanesque River j New York/Pennsylvania, NE USA L12 Cowan, Lake c Western Australia P13 Cowansville Québec, SE Canada 45°13´N 72°44´W H8 Cowell South Australia 33°43´S 136°53´E M23 Cowes S England, United Kingdom 50°45´N 01°19´W Q10 Coweta Oklahoma, C USA 35°57´N 95°39´W D6 Cowie Seamount undersea feature NE Pacific Ocean 54°15´N 149°30´W

11 S11 Cree Lake c Saskatchewan, C Canada 11 V13 Creighton Saskatchewan, C Canada 54°46´N 101°54´W 29 Q13 Creighton Nebraska, C USA 42°28´N 97°54´W

103 O4 Creil Oise, N France 106 106 112 103 112 112 32 34

32 G10 Cowlitz River j Washington, NW USA 21 Q11 Cowpens South Carolina, SE USA 35°01´N 81°48´W 183 R8 Cowra New South Wales, SE Australia 33°50´S 148°45´E Coxen Hole see Roatán 59 I19 Coxim Mato Grosso do Sul, S Brazil 18°28´S 54°45´W 59 I19 Coxim, Rio j SW Brazil Coxin Hole see Roatán 153 V17 Cox’s Bazar Chittagong, S Bangladesh 21°25´N 91°59´E 76 H14 Coyah Conakry, W Guinea

23

Coyame Chihuahua, N Mexico 29°29´N 105°07´W 24 L9 Coyanosa Draw j Texas, SW USA Coyhaique see Coihaique 42 C7 Coyolate, Río j S Guatemala Coyote State, The see South Dakota 40 I10 Coyotitán Sinaloa, C Mexico

37

40 K5

09°45´N 13°26´W

23°48´N 106°37´W 41 N15 Coyuca var. Coyuca de Catalán. Guerrero, S Mexico 18°21´N 100°39´W 41 O16 Coyuca var. Coyuca de Benítez. Guerrero, S Mexico 17°01´N 100°08´W

Coyuca de Benítez/Coyuca de Catalán see Coyuca 29 N15 Cozad Nebraska, C USA 158 L14

40 E3 41 Z12 41 Z12 32 K8 44 H12

83 I25 39 Y14 37 Q3 97 F15 21 T5 101 J21 116 H14 10 K12 18 J8

40°52´N 99°58´W Cozhê Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 31°53´N 87°51´E Cozie, Alpi see Cottian Alps Cozmeni see Kitsman’ Cozón, Cerro l NW Mexico 31°16´N 112°29´W Cozumel Quintana Roo, E Mexico 20°29´N 86°54´W Cozumel, Isla island SE Mexico Crab Creek j Washington, NW USA Crab Pond Point headland W Jamaica 18°07´N 78°01´W Cracovia/Cracow see Kraków Cradock Eastern Cape, S South Africa 32°07´S 25°38´E Craig Prince of Wales Island, Alaska, USA 55°29´N 133°04´W Craig Colorado, C USA 40°31´N 107°33´W Craigavon C Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 54°28´N 06°25´W Craigsville Virginia, NE USA 38°07´N 79°21´W Crailsheim BadenWürttemberg, S Germany 49°07´N 10°04´E Craiova Dolj, SW Romania 44°19´N 23°49´E Cranberry Junction British Columbia, SW Canada 55°35´N 128°21´W Cranberry Lake c New York, NE USA

11 V13 Cranberry Portage Manitoba, C Canada 54°34´N 101°22´W

11 P17 Cranbrook British Columbia, SW Canada 49°29´N 115°48´W 30 M5 Crandon Wisconsin, N USA 45°34´N 88°54´W

32 K14 Crane Oregon, NW USA 43°24´N 118°35´W

24 M9 Crane Texas, SW USA 25 S8 19 O12 59 L15 102 J7 195 V16 32 G14

31°23´N 102°22´W Crane see The Crane Cranfills Gap Texas, SW USA 31°46´N 97°49´W Cranston Rhode Island, NE USA 41°46´N 71°26´W Cranz see Zelenogradsk Craolândia Tocantins, E Brazil 07°17´S 47°23´W Craon Mayenne, NW France 47°52´N 00°57´W Crary, Cape headland Antarctica Crasna see Kraszna Crater Lake c Oregon, NW USA

33 P14 Craters of the Moon National Monument national park Idaho, NW USA 59 O14 Crateús Ceará, E Brazil 107 N20 11 U16 54 I8 28 J12 25 T8 11 O17

05°10´S 40°39´W Crathis see Crati Crati anc. Crathis. j S Italy Craven Saskatchewan, S Canada 50°44´N 104°50´W Cravo Norte Arauca, E Colombia 06°17´N 70°15´W Crawford Nebraska, C USA 42°40´N 103°24´W Crawford Texas, SW USA 31°31´N 97°26´W Crawford Bay British Columbia, SW Canada 49°39´N 116°44´W

65 M19 Crawford Seamount undersea feature S Atlantic Ocean 40°30´S 10°00´W 31 O13 Crawfordsville Indiana, N USA 40°02´N 86°52´W 23 S9 Crawfordville Florida, SE USA 30°10´N 84°22´W 97 O23 Crawley SE England, United Kingdom 51°07´N 00°12´W 33 S10 Crazy Mountains m Montana, NW USA 11 T11 Cree j Saskatchewan, C Canada 37 R7 Creede Colorado, C USA 40 I6

240

37°51´N 106°55´W

Creel Chihuahua, N Mexico 27°45´N 107°36´W

167

23 29 61 103

31 11 29 33 37 23 121 29 103

49°16´N 02°29´E E8 Crema Lombardia, N Italy 45°22´N 09°40´E E8 Cremona Lombardia, N Italy 45°08´N 10°02´E Creole State see Louisiana M10 Crepaja Hung. Cserépalja. Vojvodina, N Serbia 45°02´N 20°36´E O4 Crépy-en-Valois Oise, N France 49°13´N 02°54´E B10 Cres It. Cherso. PrimorjeGorski Kotar, NW Croatia 44°57´N 14°24´E A11 Cres It. Cherso; anc. Crexa. island W Croatia H14 Crescent Oregon, NW USA 43°27´N 121°40´W K1 Crescent City California, W USA 41°45´N 124°14´W W10 Crescent City Florida, SE USA 29°25´N 81°30´W X10 Crescent Group Chin. Yongle Qundao, Viet. Nhom Lựựi Liêm. island group C Paracel Islands W10 Crescent Lake c Florida, SE USA X11 Cresco Iowa, C USA 43°22´N 92°06´W B18 Crespo Entre Ríos, E Argentina 32°05´S 60°20´W R13 Crest Drôme, E France 44°45´N 05°00´E R5 Crested Butte Colorado, C USA 38°52´N 106°59´W S12 Crestline Ohio, N USA 40°47´N 82°44´W O17 Creston British Columbia, SW Canada 49°05´N 116°32´W U15 Creston Iowa, C USA 41°03´N 94°21´W V16 Creston Wyoming, C USA 41°40´N 107°43´W S7 Crestone Peak l Colorado, C USA 37°58´N 105°34´W P8 Crestview Florida, SE USA 30°44´N 86°34´W R10 Cretan Trough undersea feature Aegean Sea, C Mediterranean Sea R16 Crete Nebraska, C USA 40°36´N 96°58´W Crete see Kríti O5 Créteil Val-de-Marne, N France 48°47´N 02°28´E

Crete, Sea of/Creticum, Mare see Kritikó Pélagos Creus, Cap de headland NE Spain 42°18´N 03°18´E 103 N10 Creuse r department C France 102 L9 Creuse j C France 103 T4 Creutzwald Moselle, NE France 49°13´N 06°41´E 105 S12 Crevillent prev. Crevillente. Valenciana, E Spain 105 X4

38°15´N 00°48´W

Crevillente see Crevillent 97 L18 Crewe C England, United Kingdom 53°05´N 02°27´W 21 V7 Crewe Virginia, NE USA 37°10´N 78°07´W Crexa see Cres

Crocker, Banjaran var. Crocker Range. m East Malaysia Crocker Range see Crocker, Banjaran 25 V9 Crockett Texas, SW USA

Cruiser Tablemount undersea feature E Atlantic Ocean 32°00´N 28°00´W 61 G14 Cruz Alta Rio Grande do Sul, S Brazil 28°38´S 53°38´W 44 G8 Cruz, Cabo headland S Cuba

105 P5

67 V14

60 N9

20°43´N 75°54´W 41 Q13 Cuetzalán var. Cuetzalán del Progreso. Puebla, S Mexico 20°00´N 97°27´W Cuetzalán del Progreso see Cuetzalán

169 V7

20 I7 29 Q12 103 R16 102 G8 103 S13 15 U5 14 F13 181 P1 96 I8 99 M21 97 Q18 185 D22 185 H16 39 O11 44 K5

Crooked Island Passage channel SE The Bahamas 32 I13 Crooked River j Oregon, NW USA 29 R4 Crookston Minnesota, N USA 47°47´N 96°36´W 28 I10 Crooks Tower l South Dakota, N USA 44 J5

31 T14 183 R9 14 L14 97 K17 29 U6 28 K2 25 O5 77 V16 23 U10

27 V14 97 K15 11 P16

43 Q15 Cricamola, Río j NW Panama 61 K14 Criciúma Santa Catarina, S Brazil 28°39´S 49°23´W 96 J11 Crieff C Scotland, United Kingdom 56°22´N 03°49´W 112 B10 Crikvenica It. Cirquenizza; prev. Cirkvenica, Crjkvenica. Primorje-Gorski Kotar, NW Croatia 45°12´N 14°40´E Crimea/Crimean Oblast see Krym, Avtonomna Respublika 101 M16 Crimmitschau var. Krimmitschau. Sachsen, E Germany 50°48´N 12°23´E 116 G11 Crişcior Hung. Kristyor. Hunedoara, W Romania

21 Q12

21 Y5

14 K13

46°09´N 22°54´E Crisfield Maryland, NE USA 37°58´N 75°51´W 31 P3 Crisp Point headland Michigan, N USA 46°45´N 85°15´W 59 L19 Cristalina Goiás, C Brazil 16°43´S 47°37´W 44 J7 Cristal, Sierra del m E Cuba 43 T14 Cristóbal Colón, C Panama 09°18´N 79°52´W

Cristóbal Colón, Pico l N Colombia

54 F4

10°52´N 73°46´W

116 I11

116 F10

116 F10 116 G10

117 N10

113 J17 113 O17 113 O20 109 V10 109 V13 97 A17 112 D9

15 P8

Cristur/Cristuru Săcuiesc see Cristuru Secuiesc Cristuru Secuiesc prev. Cristur, Cristuru Săcuiesc, Sitaș Cristuru, Ger. Kreutz, Hung. Székelykeresztúr, Szitás-Keresztúr. Harghita, C Romania 46°17´N 25°02´E Crişul Alb var. Weisse Kreisch, Ger. Weisse Körös, Hung. Fehér-Körös. j Hungary/Romania Crişul Negru Ger. Schwarze Körös, Hung. Fekete-Körös. j Hungary/Romania Crişul Repede var. Schnelle Kreisch, Ger. Schnelle Körös, Hung. Sebes-Körös. j Hungary/Romania Criuleni Rus. Kriulyany. C Moldova 47°12´N 29°09´E Crivadia Vulcanului see Vulcan Crjkvenica see Crikvenica Crkvice SW Montenegro

42°34´N 18°38´E Crna Gora Alb. Mali i Zi. m FYR Macedonia/Serbia Crna Gora see Montenegro Crna Reka j S FYR Macedonia Crni Drim see Black Drin Črni vrh l NE Slovenia 46°28´N 15°14´E Črnomelj Ger. Tschernembl. SE Slovenia 45°32´N 15°12´E Croagh Patrick Ir. Cruach Phádraig. l W Ireland 53°45´N 09°39´W Croatia off. Republic of Croatia, Ger. Kroatien, SCr. Hrvatska. b republic SE Europe Croatia, Republic of see Croatia Croce, Picco di see Wilde Kreuzspitze Croche j Québec, SE Canada

Country Country Capital

31°21´N 95°30´W Crocodile var. Krokodil. j N South Africa Crocodile see Limpopo Crofton Kentucky, S USA 37°01´N 87°25´W Crofton Nebraska, C USA 42°43´N 97°30´W Croia see Krujë Croisette, Cap headland SE France 43°12´N 05°21´E Croisic, Pointe du headland NW France 47°16´N 02°42´W Croix Haute, Col de la pass E France Croix, Pointe à la headland Québec, SE Canada 49°16´N 67°46´W Croker, Cape headland Ontario, S Canada 44°56´N 80°57´W Croker Island island Northern Territory, N Australia Cromarty N Scotland, United Kingdom 57°40´N 04°02´W Crombach Liège, E Belgium 50°14´N 06°07´E Cromer E England, United Kingdom 52°56´N 01°06´E Cromwell Otago, South Island, New Zealand 45°03´S 169°14´E Cronadun West Coast, South Island, New Zealand 42°03´S 171°52´E Crooked Creek Alaska, USA 61°52´N 158°06´W Crooked Island island SE The Bahamas

19 U6 11 X13 22 F5 36 I12 25 Q7 77 V17 20 L9 31 S8

107 O21 33 V11 183 U7 25 Q4 183 O6 22 H9 35 S9 27 X10 31 N11 37 P10 33 R10 11 P17 29 T6 97 O22

173 P11 173 O12 173 N12

102 E6

116 M14 44 E5 107 O20 41 P9

44°09´N 103°55´W Crooksville Ohio, N USA 39°46´N 82°05´W Crookwell New South Wales, SE Australia 34°28´S 149°27´E Crosby Ontario, SE Canada 44°39´N 76°13´W Crosby var. Great Crosby. NW England, United Kingdom 53°30´N 03°02´W Crosby Minnesota, N USA 46°30´N 93°58´W Crosby North Dakota, N USA 48°54´N 103°17´W Crosbyton Texas, SW USA 33°40´N 101°16´W Cross j Cameroon/Nigeria Cross City Florida, SE USA 29°37´N 83°08´W Crossen see Krosno Odrzańskie Crossett Arkansas, C USA 33°08´N 91°58´W Cross Fell l N England, United Kingdom 54°42´N 02°30´W Crossfield Alberta, SW Canada 51°24´N 114°03´W Cross Hill South Carolina, SE USA 34°18´N 81°58´W Cross Island island Maine, NE USA Cross Lake Manitoba, C Canada 54°38´N 97°35´W Cross Lake d Louisiana, S USA Crossman Peak l Arizona, SW USA 34°33´N 114°09´W Cross Plains Texas, SW USA 32°07´N 99°10´W Cross River r state SE Nigeria Crossville Tennessee, S USA 35°57´N 85°02´W Croswell Michigan, N USA 43°16´N 82°37´W Crotch Lake c Ontario, SE Canada Croton/Crotona see Crotone Crotone var. Cotrone; anc. Croton, Crotona. Calabria, SW Italy 39°05´N 17°07´E Crow Agency Montana, NW USA 45°35´N 107°28´W Crowdy Head headland New South Wales, SE Australia 31°52´S 152°45´E Crowell Texas, SW USA 33°59´N 99°45´W Crowl Creek seasonal river New South Wales, SE Australia Crowley Louisiana, S USA 30°11´N 92°21´W Crowley, Lake d California, W USA Crowleys Ridge hill range Arkansas, C USA Crown Point Indiana, N USA 41°25´N 87°22´W Crownpoint New Mexico, SW USA 35°40´N 108°09´W Crow Peak l Montana, NW USA 46°17´N 111°54´W Crowsnest Pass pass Alberta/British Columbia, SW Canada

Crow Wing River j Minnesota, N USA Croydon SE England, United Kingdom 51°21´N 00°06´W Crozer, Mount see Finkol, Mount Crozet Basin undersea feature S Indian Ocean 39°00´S 60°00´E Crozet Islands island group French Southern and Antarctic Territories Crozet Plateau var. Crozet Plateaus. undersea feature SW Indian Ocean 46°00´S 51°00´E Crozet Plateaus see Crozet Plateau Crozon Finistère, NW France 48°14´N 04°31´W Cruacha Dubha, Na see Macgillycuddy’s Reeks Cruach Phádraig see Croagh Patrick Crucea Constana, SE Romania 44°30´N 28°18´E Cruces Cienfuegos, C Cuba 22°20´N 80°17´W Crucoli Torretta Calabria, SW Italy 39°26´N 17°03´E Cruillas Tamaulipas, C Mexico 24°43´N 98°26´W

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

64 K9

60 H10 59 A15 23 U11 182 I8 11 X17 27 X5 25 P13 30 M4 23 Q8 31 O6 23 V11 37 Q5 22 K6

111 L24 111 L24

111 H22

111 G25 54 L5 82 C11 67 T12

83 E16 82 D11 82 C10 82 C10

82 C12

61 E16

83 D15 40 M7

19°50´N 77°43´W Cruzeiro São Paulo, S Brazil 22°33´S 44°59´W Cruzeiro do Oeste Paraná, S Brazil 23°45´S 53°03´W Cruzeiro do Sul Acre, W Brazil 07°40´S 72°39´W Crystal Bay bay Florida, SE USA NE Gulf of Mexico Atlantic Ocean Crystal Brook South Australia 33°24´S 138°10´E Crystal City Manitoba, S Canada 49°07´N 98°54´W Crystal City Missouri, C USA 38°13´N 90°22´W Crystal City Texas, SW USA 28°43´N 99°51´W Crystal Falls Michigan, N USA 46°06´N 88°20´W Crystal Lake Florida, SE USA 30°26´N 85°41´W Crystal Lake c Michigan, N USA Crystal River Florida, SE USA 28°54´N 82°35´W Crystal River j Colorado, C USA Crystal Springs Mississippi, S USA 31°59´N 90°21´W Csaca see Čadca Csakathurn/Csáktornya see Čakovec Csap see Chop Csepén see Čepin Cserépalja see Crepaja Csermő see Cermei Csíkszereda see Miercurea-Ciuc Csongrád Csongrád, SE Hungary 46°42´N 20°09´E Csongrád off. Csongrád Megye. r county SE Hungary Csongrád Megye see Csongrád Csorna Győr-MosonSopron, NW Hungary 47°37´N 17°14´E Csucsa see Ciucea Csurgó Somogy, SW Hungary 46°16´N 17°09´E Csurog see Čurug Cúa Miranda, N Venezuela 10°14´N 66°58´W Cuale Malanje, NW Angola 08°22´S 16°10´E Cuando var. Kwando. j S Africa Cuando Cubango see Kuando Kubango Cuangar Kuando Kubango, S Angola 17°34´S 18°39´E Cuango Lunda Norte, NE Angola 09°10´S 17°59´E Cuango Uíge, NW Angola 06°20´S 16°42´E Cuango var. Kwango. j Angola/Dem. Rep. Congo see also Kwango Cuango see Kwango Cuan, Loch see Strangford Lough Cuanza var. Kwanza. j C Angola Cuanza Norte see Kwanza Norte Cuanza Sul see Kwanza Sul Cuareim, Río var. Río Quaraí. j Brazil/Uruguay see also Quaraí, Rio Cuareim, Río see Quaraí, Rio Cuatir j S Angola Cuatro Ciénegas var. Cuatro Ciénegas de Carranza. Coahuila, NE Mexico 27°00´N 102°03´W

Cuatro Ciénegas de Carranza see Cuatro Ciénegas 40 I6 Cuauhtémoc Chihuahua, N Mexico 28°22´N 106°52´W 41 P14 Cuautla Morelos, S Mexico 18°48´N 98°56´W

104 H12 Cuba Beja, S Portugal 27 W6 37 R10 44 E6 47 O2 82 B13 83 C15

83 D16

54 H8 136 I12 83 D14

38°10´N 07°54´W Cuba Missouri, C USA 38°03´N 91°24´W Cuba New Mexico, SW USA 36°01´N 106°57´W Cuba off. Republic of Cuba. b republic W West Indies Cuba island W West Indies Cubal Benguela, W Angola 12°58´S 14°16´E Cubango var. Kuvango, Port. Vila Artur de Paiva, Vila da Ponte. Huíla, SW Angola 14°27´S 16°18´E Cubango var. Kavango, Kavengo, Kubango, Okavango, Okavanggo. j S Africa see also Okavango Cubango see Okavango Cubará Boyacá, N Colombia 07°01´N 72°07´W Cuba, Republic of see Cuba Çubuk Ankara, N Turkey 40°13´N 33°02´E Cuchi Kuando Kubango, C Angola 14°40´S 16°58´E

Cuchumatanes, Sierra de los m W Guatemala Cuculaya, Rio see Kukalaya, Rio 82 E12 Cucumbi prev. Trásos-Montes. Lunda Sul, NE Angola 10°13´S 19°04´E 54 G7 Cúcuta var. San José de Cúcuta. Norte de Santander, N Colombia 07°55´N 72°31´W 31 N9 Cudahy Wisconsin, N USA 42 C5

155 J21 155 I18 104 M6 82 D13 56 B8 105 Q9 105 P9 40 L9

42°54´N 87°51´W Cuddalore Tamil Nādu, SE India 11°43´N 79°46´E Cuddapah Andhra Pradesh, S India 14°30´N 78°50´E Cuéllar Castilla y León, N Spain 41°24´N 04°19´W Cuemba var. Coemba. Bié, C Angola 12°09´S 18°07´E Cuenca Azuay, S Ecuador 02°54´S 79°W Cuenca anc. Conca. Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 40°04´N 02°07´W Cuenca r province CastillaLa Mancha, C Spain Cuencamé var. Cuencamé de Ceniceros. Durango, C Mexico 24°53´N 103°41´W Cuencamé de Ceniceros see Cuencamé

105 Q8 Cuenca, Serrania de m C Spain Cuera see Chur

Administrative Regions International Airport

Cuerda del Pozo, Embalse de la d N Spain 41 O14 Cuernavaca Morelos, S Mexico 18°57´N 99°15´W 25 T12 Cuero Texas, SW USA 44 I7

29°06´N 97°19´W

37°19´N 01°52´W

Cuevas de Vinromá see Les Coves de Vinromá 116 H12 Cugir Hung. Kudzsir. Alba, SW Romania 45°48´N 23°25´E 59 H18 Cuiabá prev. Cuyabá. state capital Mato Grosso, SW Brazil 15°32´S 56°05´W 59 H19 Cuiabá, Rio j SW Brazil 41 R15 Cuicatlán var. San Juan Bautista Cuicatlán. Oaxaca, SE Mexico 17°49´N 96°59´W 191 W16 Cuidado, Punta headland Easter Island, Chile, E Pacific Ocean 27°08´S 109°18´W Cúige see Connaught Cúige Laighean see Leinster Cúige Mumhan see Munster Cuihua see Daguan 98 L13 Cuijck Noord-Brabant, SE Netherlands 51°41´N 05°56´E Cúil an tSúdaire see Portarlington 42 D7 Cuilapa Santa Rosa, S Guatemala 14°16´N 90°18´W 42 B5 Cuilco, Río j W Guatemala Cúil Mhuine see Collooney Cúil Raithin see Coleraine 83 C14 Cuima Huambo, C Angola 13°16´S 15°39´E

83 E16 Cuito var. Kwito. j SE Angola 83 E15 Cuíto Cuanavale Kuando Kubango, E Angola 15°01´S 19°07´E

28 M16 183 P10 45 W5 45 W6 37 T8

04°15´N 103°25´E Çukë var. Çuka. Vlorë, S Albania 39°50´N 20°01´E Cularo see Grenoble Culbertson Montana, NW USA 48°09´N 104°30´W Culbertson Nebraska, C USA 40°13´N 100°50´W Culcairn New South Wales, SE Australia 35°41´S 147°01´E Culebra var. Dewey. E Puerto Rico 18°19´N 65°17´W Culebra, Isla de island E Puerto Rico Culebra Peak l Colorado, C USA 37°07´N 105°11´W

Culebra, Sierra de la m NW Spain 98 J12 Culemborg Gelderland, C Netherlands 51°57´N 05°17´E 137 V14 Culfa Rus. Dzhul’fa. SW Azerbaijan 38°58´N 45°37´E 183 P4 Culgoa River j New South Wales/Queensland, SE Australia 40 I9 Culiacán var. Culiacán Rosales, CuliacánRosales. Sinaloa, C Mexico 104 J5

11 S15 Cut Knife Saskatchewan, S Canada 52°40´N 108°54´W 23 Y16 Cutler Ridge Florida, SE USA

37°34´N 32°38´E

54 E9

24°48´N 107°25´W

Culiacán-Rosales/Culiacán Rosales see Culiacán 105 P14 Cúllar-Baza Andalucía, S Spain 37°35´N 02°34´W 105 S10 Cullera Valenciana, E Spain

39°10´N 00°15´W 23 P3 Cullman Alabama, S USA 34°10´N 86°50´W 108 B10 Cully Vaud, W Switzerland 46°58´N 06°46´E Culm see Chełmno Culmsee see Chełmża 21 V4 Culpeper Virginia, NE USA 38°28´N 78°00´W 185 I17 Culverden Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand 42°46´S 172°51´E 83 H18 Cum var. Xhumo. Central, C Botswana 21°13´S 24°38´E 55 N5 Cumaná Sucre, NE Venezuela 10°29´N 64°12´W 55 O5 Cumanacoa Sucre, NE Venezuela 10°17´N 63°58´W

54 C13 Cumbal, Nevado de elevation S Colombia 21 O7 Cumberland Kentucky, S USA 36°55´N 83°00´W 21 U2 Cumberland Maryland, NE USA 39°40´N 78°47´W 21 V6 Cumberland Virginia, NE USA 37°31´N 78°16´W 187 P12 Cumberland, Cape var. Cape Nahoi. headland Espiritu Santo, N Vanuatu

83 C16 83 A16

106 A9 83 E15 181 V10

106 B7

54 C8 112 N13 45 S9

45 P16

116 K14 182 H4 103 P7 173 Y16 55 R6

62 G12 172 I15 59 C16 60 K12 60 J13 183 S6 182 J6 83 A15 183 T6 59 Q14 35 W7 35 W6 44 H2 27 W8 182 M14 21 Y8 21 Y8 39 R11 116 I13

116 E10 104 H2

183 O14 181 Y8 58 K11 47 U7 59 A14 112 L9

14°39´S 166°35´E

53°57´N 102°21´W

23 W8 Cumberland Island island Georgia, SE USA 20 L7 Cumberland, Lake d Kentucky, S USA 9 R5 Cumberland Peninsula peninsula Baffin Island, Nunavut, NE Canada 2 N9 Cumberland Plateau plateau E USA 30 L1 Cumberland Point headland Michigan, N USA 47°51´N 89°14´W

21 O7 Cumberland River j Kentucky/Tennessee, S USA 9 S6 Cumberland Sound inlet Baffin Island, Nunavut, NE Canada 96 I12 Cumbernauld S Scotland, United Kingdom 55°57´N 04°W 97 K15 Cumbria cultural region NW England, United Kingdom 97 K15 Cumbrian Mountains m NW England, United Kingdom 23 S2 Cumming Georgia, SE USA 34°12´N 84°08´W

Cummin in Pommern see Kamień Pomorski 182 G9 Cummins South Australia 34°17´S 135°43´E

96 I13 Cumnock W Scotland, United Kingdom

61 D16 59 M19 18 E14 30 M3

42 A10 57 H15 57 H15

27 O9 25 W8 40 I6 103 P10 23 S6 28 J10 33 Q7

40 G4 Cumpas Sonora, NW Mexico 30°N 109°48´W

Mountain Mountain Range

38°55´S 72°02´W

Cundinamarca off. Departamento de Cundinamarca. r province C Colombia Cundinamarca, Departamento de see Cundinamarca Cunduacán Tabasco, SE Mexico 18°00´N 93°07´W Cunene r province S Angola Cunene var. Kunene. j Angola/Namibia see also Kunene Cunene see Kunene Cuneo Fr. Coni. Piemonte, NW Italy 44°23´N 07°32´E Cunjamba Kuando Kubango, E Angola 15°22´S 20°07´E Cunnamulla Queensland, E Australia 28°09´S 145°44´E Čunusavvon see Junosuando Cuokkarašša see Čohkarášša Cuorgne Piemonte, NE Italy 45°23´N 07°34´E

96 K11 Cupar E Scotland, United Kingdom 56°19´N 03°01´W 116 L8 Cupcina Rus. Kupchino; prev. Calinisc, Kalinisk. N Moldova 48°07´N 27°22´E 54 C8 Cupica Chocó, W Colombia

28 M16

11 V14 Cumberland House Saskatchewan, C Canada

55°32´N 04°28´W

41 U15

56 H13 56 F7

41 N14 Cuitzeo, Lago de c C Mexico 27 W4 Cuivre River j Missouri, C USA Çuka see Çukë 168 L8 Cukai var. Chukai, Kemaman. Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia

33 Y7

23 S6

63 G15 Cunco Araucanía, C Chile

Cueto Holguín, E Cuba

105 Q14 Cuevas de Almanzora Andalucía, S Spain

113 L23

136 H16 Çumra Konya, C Turkey

Volcano River

06°43´N 77°31´W Cupica, Golfo de gulf W Colombia Ćuprija Serbia, E Serbia 43°57´N 21°21´E Cura see Villa de Cura Curaçao prev. Dutch West Indies. r Dutch self-governing territory S Caribbean Sea Curaçao island Lesser Antilles Curanja, Río j E Peru Curaray, Rio j Ecuador/ Peru Curcani Călărași, SE Romania 44°11´N 26°39´E Curdimurka South Australia 29°27´S 136°56´E Cure j C France Curepipe C Mauritius 20°19´S 57°31´E Curiapo Delta Amacuro, NE Venezuela 10°03´N 63°05´W Curia Rhaetorum see Chur Curicó Maule, C Chile 35°00´S 71°15´W Curieta see Krk Curieuse island Inner Islands, NE Seychelles Curitiba Acre, W Brazil 10°08´S 69°00´W Curitiba prev. Curytiba. state capital Paraná, S Brazil 25°25´S 49°25´W Curitibanos Santa Catarina, S Brazil 27°18´S 50°35´W Curlewis New South Wales, SE Australia 31°09´S 150°18´E Curnamona South Australia 31°39´S 139°35´E Curoca j SW Angola Currabubula New South Wales, SE Australia 31°17´S 150°43´E Currais Novos Rio Grande do Norte, E Brazil 06°12´S 36°30´W Currant Nevada, W USA 38°43´N 115°27´W Currant Mountain l Nevada, W USA 38°56´N 115°19´W Current Eleuthera Island, C The Bahamas 25°24´N 76°44´W Current River j Arkansas/ Missouri, C USA Currie Tasmania, SE Australia 39°59´S 143°51´E Currituck North Carolina, SE USA 36°29´N 76°02´W Currituck Sound sound North Carolina, SE USA Curry Alaska, USA 62°36´N 150°00´W Curtbunar see Tervel Curtea de Argeş var. Curtea-de-Arges. Argeș, S Romania 45°06´N 24°40´E Curtea-de-Arges see Curtea de Argeş Curtici Ger. Kurtitsch, Hung. Kürtös. Arad, W Romania 46°21´N 21°17´E Curtis Galicia, NW Spain 43°09´N 08°10´W Curtis Nebraska, C USA 40°36´N 100°27´W Curtis Group island group Tasmania, SE Australia Curtis Island island Queensland, SE Australia Curuá, Ilha do island NE Brazil Curuá, Rio j N Brazil Curuçá, Rio j NW Brazil Čurug Hung. Csurog. Vojvodina, N Serbia 45°30´N 20°02´E Curuzú Cuatiá Corrientes, NE Argentina 29°50´S 58°05´W Curvelo Minas Gerais, SE Brazil 18°45´S 44°27´W Curwensville Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°57´N 78°29´W Curwood, Mount l Michigan, N USA 46°42´N 88°14´W Curytiba see Curitiba Curzola see Korčula Cuscatlán r department C El Salvador Cusco var. Cuzco. Cusco, C Peru 13°35´S 72°02´W Cusco off. Departamento de Cusco, var. Cuzco. r department C Peru Cusco, Departamento de see Cusco Cushing Oklahoma, C USA 36°01´N 96°46´W Cushing Texas, SW USA 31°48´N 94°50´W Cusihuiriachic Chihuahua, N Mexico 28°16´N 106°46´W Cusset Allier, C France 46°08´N 03°27´E Cusseta Georgia, SE USA 32°18´N 84°46´W Custer South Dakota, N USA 43°46´N 103°36´W Cüstrin see Kostrzyn Cut Bank Montana, NW USA 48°38´N 112°20´W Cutch, Gulf of see Kachchh, Gulf of

Lake Reservoir

Cuthbert Georgia, SE USA 31°46´N 84°47´W

25°34´N 80°21´W

22 K10 Cut Off Louisiana, S USA 29°32´N 90°20´W

63 I15 Cutral-Có Neuquén, C Argentina 38°56´S 69°13´W 107 O21 Cutro Calabria, SW Italy 39°01´N 16°59´E

183 O4 Cuttaburra Channels seasonal river New South Wales, SE Australia 154 O12 Cuttack Odisha, E India 20°28´N 85°53´E

83 C15 Cuvelai Cunene, SW Angola 15°40´S 15°48´E

79 G18 Cuvette var. Région de la Cuvette. r province C Congo Cuvette, Région de la see Cuvette 173 V9 Cuvier Basin undersea feature E Indian Ocean 173 U9 Cuvier Plateau undersea feature E Indian Ocean 82 B12 Cuvo j W Angola 100 H9 Cuxhaven Niedersachsen, NW Germany 53°51´N 08°43´E Cuyabá see Cuiabá Cuyuni, Río see Cuyuni River 55 S8 Cuyuni River var. Río Cuyuni. j Guyana/ Venezuela Cuzco see Cusco 97 K22 Cwmbran Wel. Cwmbrân. SW Wales, United Kingdom 51°39´N 03°W

Cwmbrân see Cwmbran 28 K15 C. W. McConaughy, Lake d Nebraska, C USA 81 D20 Cyangugu SW Rwanda 02°27´S 29°00´E

110 D11 Cybinka Ger. Ziebingen. Lubuskie, W Poland

20 11

121

84 121

110

110 110 111

110

110 111

110 110

52°11´N 14°46´E Cyclades see Kykládes Cydonia see Chaniá Cymru see Wales M5 Cynthiana Kentucky, S USA 38°22´N 84°18´W S17 Cypress Hills m Alberta/ Saskatchewan, SW Canada Cypro-Syrian Basin see Cyprus Basin U11 Cyprus off. Republic of Cyprus, Gk. Kypros, Turk. Kıbrıs, Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti. b republic E Mediterranean Sea L14 Cyprus Gk. Kypros, Turk. Kıbrıs. island E Mediterranean Sea W11 Cyprus Basin var. CyproSyrian Basin. undersea feature E Mediterranean Sea 34°00´N 34°00´E Cyprus, Republic of see Cyprus Cythera see Kýthira Cythnos see Kýthnos F9 Czaplinek Ger. Tempelburg. Zachodnio-pomorskie, NW Poland 53°33´N 16°14´E Czarna Woda see Wda G8 Czarne Pomorskie, N Poland 53°40´N 17°00´E G10 Czarnków Wielkopolskie, C Poland 52°53´N 16°32´E E17 Czech Republic Cz. Česká Republika. b republic C Europe Czegléd see Cegléd G12 Czempiń Wielkopolskie, C Poland 52°10´N 16°46´E Czenstochau see Częstochowa Czerkow see Čerchov Czernowitz see Chernivtsi I8 Czersk Pomorskie, N Poland 53°48´N 17°58´E J15 Częstochowa Ger. Czenstochau, Tschenstochau, Rus. Chenstokhov. Śląskie, S Poland 50°49´N 19°07´E F10 Człopa Ger. Schloppe. Zachodnio-pomorskie, NW Poland 53°05´N 16°05´E H8 Człuchów Ger. Schlochau. Pomorskie, NW Poland 53°41´N 17°20´E

D Da’an var. Dalai. Jilin, NE China 45°28´N 124°18´E 15 S10 Daaquam Québec, SE Canada 46°36´N 70°03´W Daawo, Webi see Dawa Wenz 54 I4 Dabajuro Falcón, NW Venezuela 163 V9

11°00´N 70°41´W

77 N15 Dabakala NE Ivory Coast 08°19´N 04°24´W

163 S11 Daban var. Bairin Youqi. Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China 43°33´N 118°40´E

111 K23 Dabas Pest, C Hungary 160 L8 140 J5 54 D8 154 E11 161 P8 76 J13 77 N17 162 M15 110 P8

47°36´N 18°22´E Daba Shan m C China Dabba see Daocheng Dabbāgh, Jabal l NW Saudi Arabia 27°52´N 35°48´E Dabeiba Antioquia, NW Colombia 07°01´N 76°18´W Dabhoi Gujarāt, W India 22°08´N 73°28´E Dabie Shan m C China Dabola C Guinea 10°48´N 11°02´W Dabou S Ivory Coast 05°20´N 04°23´W Dabqig prev. Uxin Qi. Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China 38°29´N 108°48´E

Dąbrowa Białostocka Podlaskie, NE Poland 53°38´N 23°18´E

111 M16 Dąbrowa Tarnowska Małopolskie, S Poland 50°10´N 21°E

119 M20 Dabryn’ Rus. Dobryn’. Homyel’skaya Voblasts’, SE Belarus 51°46´N 29°12´E 159 P10 Dabsan Hu c C China 161 Q13 Dabu var. Huliao. Guangdong, S China 24°19´N 116°07´E

116 H15 Dăbuleni Dolj, SW Romania 43°48´N 24°05´E

152 G9 Dabwāli Haryāna, NW India 29°56´N 74°40´E

Dacca see Dhaka 101 L23 Dachau Bayern, SE Germany 48°15´N 11°26´E Dachuan see Dazhou Dacia Bank see Dacia Seamount

Dacia Seamount – DawSon city 64 M10 Dacia Seamount var. Dacia Bank. undersea feature E Atlantic Ocean 37

23 152 23

31°10´N 13°42´W T3 Dacono Colorado, C USA 40°04´N 104°56´W Ðăc Tô see Ðăk Tô Dacura see Dákura W12 Dade City Florida, SE USA 28°21´N 82°12´W L10 Ḍaḍeldhurā var. Dandeldhura. Far Western, W Nepal 29°12´N 80°31´E Q5 Dadeville Alabama, S USA 32°49´N 85°45´W Dadong see Donggang N15 Dadou j S France

103 154 D12 Dādra and Nagar Haveli r union territory W India 149 P14 Dādu Sind, SE Pakistan 167 160 163 163 163

171 160 153 11 76

118

127

26°42´N 67°48´E U11 Da Du Bloc Kon Tum, C Vietnam 14°06´N 107°40´E G9 Dadu He j C China V15 Daecheong-do prev. Taechŏng-do. island NW South Korea Y16 Daegu , Jap. Taikyū; prev. Taegu. SE South Korea 35°55´N 128°33´E Y15 Daejeon , Jap. Taiden; prev. Taejŏn. C South Korea 36°20´N 127°28´E Daerah Istimewa Aceh see Aceh P4 Daet Luzon, N Philippines 14°06´N 122°57´E I11 Dafang Guizhou, S China 27°07´N 105°40´E Dafeng see Shanglin W11 Dafla Hills m NE India U15 Dafoe Saskatchewan, S Canada 51°46´N 104°11´W G10 Dagana N Senegal 16°28´N 15°35´W Dagana see Massakory, Chad Dagana see Dahana, Tajikistan Dagcagoin see Zoigê K11 Dagda SE Latvia 56°06´N 27°36´E Dagden see Hiiumaa Dagden-Sund see Soela Väin P16 Dagestan, Respublika prev. Dagestanskaya ASSR, Eng. Daghestan. r autonomous republic SW Russian Federation Dagestanskaya ASSR see Dagestan, Respublika

127 R17 Dagestanskiye Ogni Respublika Dagestan, SW Russian Federation 185 A23

141 Y8

54 D11 160 H11 171 N3

159 N16 147 Q13 163 V10 163 T7

80 K9 23 T2 101 O14 100 O13 141 O14 154 E10 158 G10

139 R2 139 R2

116 J15 165 P12 163 O13 186 M8 166 M8 138 H9 167 U12 161 Q13 105 N11 115 F22 25 W6

42°09´N 48°08´E Dagezhen see Fengning Dagg Sound sound South Island, New Zealand Daghestan see Dagestan, Respublika Daghmar NE Oman 23°09´N 59°01´E Dağliq Quarabağ see Nagorno-Karabakh Dagö see Hiiumaa Dagua Valle del Cauca, W Colombia 03°39´N 76°40´W Daguan var. Cuihua. Yunnan, SW China 27°42´N 103°51´E Dagupan off. Dagupan City. Luzon, N Philippines 16°05´N 120°21´E Dagupan City see Dagupan Dagzê var. Dêqên. Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 29°38´N 91°15´E Dahana Rus. Dagana, Dakhana. SW Tajikistan 38°03´N 69°51´E Dahei Shan m N China Da Hinggan Ling Eng. Great Khingan Range. m NE China Dahlac Archipelago see Dahlak Archipelago Dahlak Archipelago var. Dahlac Archipelago. island group E Eritrea Dahlonega Georgia, SE USA 34°31´N 83°59´W Dahme Brandenburg, E Germany 52°10´N 13°47´E Dahme j E Germany Dahm, Ramlat desert NW Yemen Dāhod prev. Dohad. Gujarāt, W India 22°48´N 74°18´E Dahomey see Benin Dahongliutan Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 35°59´N 79°12´E Dahra see Dara Dahuaishu see Hongtong Dahūk var. Dohuk, Kurd. Dihok, Dihōk. Dahūk, N Iraq 36°52´N 43°01´E Dahūk off. Muḩāfaᶎat Dahūk, var. Dohuk, Kurd. Dihok, off. Kurd. Parêzga-î Dihok. r governorate N Iraq Dahūk, Muḩāfaᶎat see Dahūk Daia Giurgiu, S Romania 44°00´N 25°59´E Daigo Ibaraki, Honshū, S Japan 36°43´N 140°22´E Dai Hai c N China Daihoku see Taibei Dai Island island N Solomon Islands Daik-u Bago, SW Myanmar (Burma) 17°46´N 96°40´E Dā‘īl Dar‘ā, S Syria 32°45´N 36°08´E Ðai Lanh Khanh Hoa, S Vietnam 12°49´N 109°20´E Daimao Shan m SE China Daimiel Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 39°04´N 03°37´W Daimoniá Pelopónnisos, S Greece 36°38´N 22°54´E Dainan see Tainan Daingerfield Texas, SW USA 33°03´N 94°42´W Daingin, Bá an see Dingle Bay

159 R13 Dainkognubma Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 32°26´N 97°58´E

192 G5 Daitō Ridge undersea feature N Philippine Sea 161 N3

161 Q12 44 M8 160 G8 148 J6 76 F11 76 F11 167 U10

153 U16 Dakhin Shahbazpur Island island S Bangladesh Dakhla see Ad Dakhla 76 F7 Dakhlet Nouâdhibou r region NW Mauritania Ðak Lap see Kiên Ðc Ðak Nông see Gia Nghia 77 U11 Dakoro Maradi, S Niger 29 U12 29 R13 112 I10

167 U11 43 N7

95 I14 82 E12 108 J8 76 I13 162 I12

163 Q11 95 M14 136 C16 136 C16

14°29´N 06°45´E Dakota City Iowa, C USA 42°42´N 94°13´W Dakota City Nebraska, C USA 42°25´N 96°25´W Ðakovica see Gjakovë Ðakovo var. Djakovo, Hung. Diakovár. OsijekBaranja, E Croatia 45°18´N 18°24´E Dakshin see Deccan Ðăk Tô var. Ðăc Tô. Kon Tum, C Vietnam 14°35´N 107°55´E Dákura var. Dacura. Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte, NE Nicaragua 14°22´N 83°13´W Dal Akershus, S Norway 60°19´N 11°16´E Dala Lunda Sul, E Angola 11°04´S 20°15´E Dalaas Vorarlberg, W Austria 47°08´N 10°03´E Dalaba W Guinea 10°47´N 12°12´W Dalai see Da’an Dalain Hob var. Ejin Qi. Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China 41°59´N 101°04´E Dalai Nor see Hulun Nur Dalai Nur salt lake N China Dala-Jarna see Järna Dalälven j C Sweden Dalaman Muğla, SW Turkey 36°47´N 28°47´E Dalaman k Muğla, SW Turkey 36°37´N 28°51´E

136 D16 Dalaman Çayı j SW Turkey 162 K11 Dalandzadgad Ömnögovĭ, S Mongolia 43°35´N 104°23´E 95 D17 Dalane physical region S Norway 189 Z2 Dalap-Uliga-Djarrit var. Delap-Uliga-Darrit, D-U-D. island group Ratak Chain, SE Marshall Islands 94 J12 Dalarna prev. Kopparberg. r county C Sweden 94 L13 Dalarna prev. Eng. Dalecarlia. cultural region C Sweden 95 P16 Dalarö Stockholm, C Sweden

148 L12 95 J17 181 Y10 94 D13 94 C12 32 K12 25 T11 21 W4 20 L8 98 O8 95 E15 166 K14 23 Q7 98 M9 114 M8 24 M1 13 O13 152 I6 160 F12 163 U14

105 O15

112 J9

32 F12 25 U6 25 T7 154 K12

192 G5

141 U7

39 X15 38 M12 77 S12

113 E14 Dalmacija Eng. Dalmatia, Ger. Dalmatien, It. Dalmazia. cultural region S Croatia Dalmatia/Dalmatien/ Dalmazia see Dalmacija 123 S15 Dal’negorsk Primorskiy Kray, SE Russian Federation

18 L13 Danbury Connecticut, NE USA 41°21´N 73°27´W 25 W12 Danbury Texas, SW USA

Dalny see Dalian 76 M16 Daloa C Ivory Coast

82 B11

160 J11 Dalou Shan m S China 181 X7 Dalrymple Lake c Queensland, E Australia 14 H14 Dalrymple Lake c Ontario, S Canada 181 X7 Dalrymple, Mount l Queensland, E Australia

155 E17

44°27´N 135°30´E 06°56´N 06°28´W

93 95 95 153 23 195 92 35 181 181 119

77 154 154 75 161 79 83 171

168 171 77 21 77

21°01´S 148°34´E K20 Dalsbruk Fin. Taalintehdas. Varsinais-Suomi, SW Finland 60°02´N 22°31´E K19 Dalsjöfors Västra Götaland, S Sweden 57°43´N 13°05´E J17 Dals Långed var. Långed. Västra Götaland, S Sweden 58°54´N 12°20´E O15 Dāltenganj prev. Daltonganj. Jhārkhand, N India 24°02´N 84°07´E R2 Dalton Georgia, SE USA 34°46´N 84°58´W Daltonganj see Dāltenganj X14 Dalton Iceberg Tongue ice feature Antarctica J1 Dalvík Norðurland Eystra, N Iceland 65°58´N 18°31´W Dálvvadis see Jokkmokk N8 Daly City California, W USA 37°44´N 122°27´W P2 Daly River j Northern Territory, N Australia Q3 Daly Waters Northern Territory, N Australia 16°21´S 133°22´E F20 Damachava var. Damachova, Pol. Domaczewo, Rus. Domachëvo. Brestskaya Voblasts’, SW Belarus 51°45´N 23°36´E Damachova see Damachava W11 Damagaram Takaya Zinder, S Niger 14°02´N 09°28´E D12 Damān Damān and Diu, W India 20°25´N 72°58´E B12 Damān and Diu r union territory W India V7 Damanhūr anc. Hermopolis Parva. N Egypt 31°03´N 30°28´E O1 Damaqun Shan m E China I15 Damara Ombella-Mpoko, S Central African Republic 05°00´N 18°45´E D18 Damaraland physical region C Namibia S15 Damar, Kepulauan var. Baraf Daja Islands, Kepulauan Barat Daya. island group C Indonesia J8 Damar Laut Perak, Peninsular Malaysia 04°13´N 100°36´E S15 Damar, Pulau island Maluku, E Indonesia Damas see Dimashq Y12 Damasak Borno, NE Nigeria 13°10´N 12°40´E Damasco see Dimashq Q8 Damascus Virginia, NE USA 36°37´N 81°46´W Damascus see Dimashq X13 Damaturu Yobe, NE Nigeria 11°44´N 11°58´E R9 Damau Pulau Kaburuang, N Indonesia 03°46´N 126°49´E

59°07´N 18°25´E

171

11°56´N 108°25´E Dalay see Bayandalay Dālbandīn var. Dāl Bandin. Baluchistān, SW Pakistan 28°48´N 64°08´E Dalbosjön lake bay S Sweden Dalby Queensland, E Australia 27°11´S 151°12´E Dale Hordaland, S Norway 60°35´N 05°48´E Dale Sogn Og Fjordane, S Norway 61°22´N 05°24´E Dale Oregon, NW USA 44°58´N 118°56´W Dale Texas, SW USA 29°56´N 97°34´W Dalecarlia see Dalarna Dale City Virginia, NE USA 38°38´N 77°18´W

143 O5 Damāvand, Qolleh-ye l N Iran 35°56´N 52°08´E 82 B10 Damba Uíge, NW Angola

167 U13 Ða Lat Lâm Ðông, S Vietnam

164 K14 Daiō-zaki headland Honshū, SW Japan 34°15´N 136°50´E Dairbhre see Valencia Island 61 B22 Daireaux Buenos Aires, E Argentina 36°34´S 61°40´W Dairen see Dalian Dairûṭ see Dayrūţ 25 X10 Daisetta Texas, SW USA 30°06´N 94°38´W Daitō-jima island group SW Japan

25°30´N 133°00´E Daixian var. Dai Xian, Shangguan. Shanxi, C China 39°10´N 112°57´E Dai Xian see Daixian Daiyue see Shanyin Daiyun Shan m SE China Dajabón NW Dominican Republic 19°35´N 71°41´W Dajin Chuan j C China Dak c W Afghanistan Dakar a (Senegal) W Senegal 14°44´N 17°27´W Dakar k W Senegal 14°42´N 17°27´W Ðak Glây see Ðak Glei Ðak Glei prev. Ðak Glây. Kon Tum, C Vietnam 15°05´N 107°42´E Dakhana see Dahana

Dale Hollow Lake d Kentucky/Tennessee, S USA Dalen Drenthe, NE Netherlands 52°42´N 06°45´E Dalen Telemark, S Norway 59°25´N 07°58´E Daletme Chin State, W Myanmar (Burma) 21°44´N 92°48´E Daleville Alabama, S USA 31°18´N 85°42´W Dalfsen Overijssel, E Netherlands 52°31´N 06°16´E Dalgopol var. Dŭlgopol. Varna, E Bulgaria 43°05´N 27°24´E Dalhart Texas, SW USA 36°05´N 102°31´W Dalhousie New Brunswick, SE Canada 48°03´N 66°22´W Dalhousie Himāchal Pradesh, N India 32°32´N 76°01´E Dali var. Xiaguan. Yunnan, SW China 25°34´N 100°11´E Dali see Idálion Dalian var. Dairen, Dalien, Jay Dairen, Lüda, Ta-lien, Rus. Dalny. Liaoning, NE China 38°53´N 121°37´E Dalías Andalucía, S Spain 36°49´N 02°50´W Dalien see Dalian Dalijan see Delījān Dalj Hung. Dalja. Osijek-Baranja, E Croatia 45°29´N 19°00´E Dalja see Dalj Dallas Oregon, NW USA 44°56´N 123°20´W Dallas Texas, SW USA 32°47´N 96°48´W Dallas-Fort Worth k Texas, SW USA 32°37´N 97°16´W Dalli Rājhara var. Dhalli Rajhara. Chhattīsgarh, C India 20°32´N 81°10´E Dall Island island Alexander Archipelago, Alaska, USA Dall Lake c Alaska, USA Dállogilli see Korpilombolo Dallol Bosso seasonal river W Niger Dalmā island W United Arab Emirates

Country Country Capital

06°44´S 15°20´E

35 X15 194 H4

183 O12 163 V13 197 Q14 25 V12

14 L12 19 T4 37 P3 159 V12 159 P8

82 B10

83 E26 147 Q13 159 P8 80 I12 159 P8

153 Y11

167 S11

42 G3 161 P6 33 T15 83 H22 19 N12 124 M15 127 O9

160 L7 160 M7

114 M12 Dambaslar Tekirdağ, NW Turkey 41°13´N 27°13´E 116 J13 Dâmbovia prev. Dîmbovia. r county SE Romania 116 J13 Dâmbovia prev. Dîmboviţa. j S Romania 173 Y15 D’Ambre, Île island NE Mauritius 155 K24 Dambulla Central Province, C Sri Lanka 07°51´N 80°40´E 44 K9 Dame-Marie SW Haiti

141 W8

Dame Marie, Cap headland SW Haiti 18°37´N 74°24´W 143 Q4 Dāmghān Semnān, N Iran

95 O14

Damietta see Dumyāt 138 G10 Dāmiyā Al Balqā’, NW Jordan 32°07´N 35°33´E 146 G11 Damla Dașoguz Welaýaty, N Turkmenistan

100 K11

44 J9

18°36´N 74°26´W

36°13´N 54°22´E

40°05´N 59°15´E

Dammām see Ad Dammān 100 G12 Damme Niedersachsen, NW Germany 52°31´N 08°12´E 153 R15 Dāmodar j NE India 154 J9 Damoh Madhya Pradesh, C India 23°50´N 79°30´N 77 P15 Damongo NW Ghana 09°05´N 01°49´W

138 G7 Damoûr var. Ad Dāmūr. W Lebanon 33°36´N 35°30´E 171 N11 Dampal, Teluk bay Sulawesi, C Indonesia 180 H7 Dampier Western Australia 20°40´S 116°40´E

180 H6 Dampier Archipelago island group Western Australia 141 U14 Damqawt var. Damqut. E Yemen 16°35´N 52°39´E 159 O13 Dam Qu j C China Damqut see Damqawt 167 R13 Dâmrei, Chuŏr Phmun Fr. Chaîne de l’Éléphant. m SW Cambodia 108 C7 Damvant Jura, NW Switzerland 98 L5 159 N15 80 K11

35 R8 76 L16 167 U10 160 G9

47°22´N 06°55´E Damwâld see Damwoude Damwoude Fris. Damwâld. Fryslân, N Netherlands 53°18´N 05°59´E Damxung var. Gongtang. Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 30°29´N 91°02´E Danakil Desert var. Afar Depression, Danakil Plain. desert E Africa Danakil Plain see Danakil Desert Dana, Mount l California, W USA 37°54´N 119°13´W Danané W Ivory Coast 07°16´N 08°09´W Ða Năng prev. Tourane. Quang Nam-Ða Năng, C Vietnam 16°04´N 108°14´E Danba var. Zhanggu, Tib. Rongzhag. Sichuan, C China 30°54´N 101°49´E Danborg see Daneborg

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

152 J7 126 L6 42 J7

18 L6

184 N12 21 U8 167 P8 18 F10 86 E12

166 L8

19 P11 27 T11 31 N13 31 O14 29 Y15 20 M6 18 G14 21 T6

160 L17

110 J6

160 F10

29°13´N 95°20´W Danby Lake c California, W USA Danco Coast physical region Antarctica Dande j NW Angola Dandeldhura see Ḍaḍeldhurā Dandeli Karnātaka, W India 15°18´N 74°42´E Dandenong Victoria, SE Australia 38°01´S 145°13´E Dandong var. Tan-tung; prev. An-tung. Liaoning, NE China 40°10´N 124°23´E Daneborg var. Danborg. r  N Greenland Danevang Texas, SW USA 29°03´N 96°11´W Dänew see Galkynyș Danfeng see Shizong Danford Lake Québec, SE Canada 45°55´N 76°12´W Danforth Maine, NE USA 45°39´N 67°54´W Danforth Hills m Colorado, C USA Dangara see Danghara Dangchang Gansu, C China 34°01´N 104°19´E Dangchengwan var. Subei, Subei Mongolzu Zizhixian. Gansu, N China 39°33´N 94°50´E Dange Uíge, NW Angola 07°55´S 15°01´E Dangerous Archipelago see Tuamotu, Îles Danger Point headland SW South Africa 34°37´S 19°20´E Danghara Rus. Dangara. SW Tajikistan 38°05´N 69°14´E

Danghe Nanshan m W China Dangila var. Dānglā. Āmara, NW Ethiopia 11°08´N 36°51´E Dangjin Shankou pass N China Dangla see Tanggula Shan, China Dang La see Tanggula Shankou, China Dānglā see Dangila, Ethiopia Dangme Chu see Manās Dāngori Assam, NE India 27°40´N 95°35´E Dang Raek, Phanom/ Dangrek, Chaîne des see Dângrêk, Chuŏr Phnum Dângrêk, Chuŏr Phnum var. Phanom Dang Raek, Phanom Dong Rak, Fr. Chaîne des Dangrek. m Cambodia/ Thailand Dangriga prev. Stann Creek. Stann Creek, E Belize 16°59´N 88°13´W Dangshan Anhui, E China 34°22´N 116°21´E Daniel Wyoming, C USA 42°49´N 110°04´W Daniëlskuil Northern Cape, N South Africa 28°11´S 23°33´E Danielson Connecticut, NE USA 41°48´N 71°53´W Danilov Yaroslavskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 58°11´N 40°11´E Danilovka Volgogradskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 50°21´N 44°03´E Danish West Indies see Virgin Islands (US) Dan Jiang j C China Danjiangkou Shuiku d C China Ḑank var. Dhank. NW Oman 23°34´N 56°16´E Dankhar Himāchal Pradesh, N India 32°08´N 78°12´E Dankov Lipetskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 53°17´N 39°07´E Danlí El Paraíso, S Honduras 14°02´N 86°34´W Danmark see Denmark Danmarksstraedet see Denmark Strait Dannemora Uppsala, C Sweden 60°13´N 17°49´E Dannemora New York, NE USA 44°42´N 73°42´W Dannenberg Niedersachsen, N Germany 53°05´N 11°06´E Dannevirke ManawatuWanganui, North Island, New Zealand 40°14´S 176°05´E Dan River j Virginia, NE USA Dan Sai Loei, C Thailand 17°15´N 101°04´E Dansville New York, NE USA 42°34´N 77°40´W Dantzig see Gdańsk Danube Bul. Dunav, Cz. Dunaj, Ger. Donau, Hung. Duna, Rom. Dunărea. j C Europe Danubian Plain see Dunavska Ravnina Danubyu Ayeyawady, SW Myanmar (Burma) 17°15´N 95°35´E Danum see Doncaster Danvers Massachusetts, NE USA 42°34´N 70°54´W Danville Arkansas, C USA 35°03´N 93°22´W Danville Illinois, N USA 40°10´N 87°37´W Danville Indiana, N USA 39°45´N 86°31´W Danville Iowa, C USA 40°52´N 91°18´W Danville Kentucky, S USA 37°40´N 84°49´W Danville Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°57´N 76°36´W Danville Virginia, NE USA 36°34´N 79°25´W Danxian/Dan Xian see Danzhou Danzhou prev. Danxian, Dan Xian, Nada. Hainan, S China 19°31´N 109°31´E Danzhou see Yichuan Danzig see Gdańsk Danziger Bucht see Danzig, Gulf of Danzig, Gulf of var. Gulf of Gdańsk, Ger. Danziger Bucht, Pol. Zakota Gdańska, Rus. Gdan’skaya Bukhta. gulf N Poland Daocheng var. Jinzhu, Tib. Dabba. Sichuan, C China 29°05´N 100°14´E Daojiang see Daoxian

Administrative Regions International Airport

Daokou see Huaxian 104 H7 Dão, Rio j N Portugal Daosa see Dausa 77 Y7 Dao Timmi Agadez, NE Niger 20°31´N 13°34´E 160 M13 Daoxian var. Daojiang. Hunan, S China 25°30´N 111°37´E

77 Q14 Dapaong N Togo 23 171 159 163 163 163

160 139 76 138 138 143 116

142 167

77 139 139 139 118 153 38 112

27

10°52´N 00°12´E N8 Daphne Alabama, S USA 30°36´N 87°54´W P7 Dapitan Mindanao, S Philippines 08°39´N 123°26´E P9 Da Qaidam Qinghai, C China 37°50´N 95°18´E V8 Daqing var. Sartu. Heilongjiang, NE China 46°35´N 125°00´E O13 Daqing Shan m N China T11 Daqin Tal var. Naiman Qi. Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China 42°51´N 120°41´E Daqm see Duqm G8 Da Qu var. Do Qu. j C China T5 Dāqūq var. Tāwūq. Kirkūk, N Iraq 35°08´N 44°27´E G10 Dara var. Dahra. NW Senegal 15°20´N 15°28´W H9 Dar‘ā var. Der’a, Fr. Déraa. Dar‘ā, SW Syria 32°37´N 36°06´E H8 Dar‘ā off. Muḩāfaat Dar‘ā, var. Dará, Der‘a, Derrá. r governorate S Syria Q12 Dārāb Fārs, S Iran 28°52´N 54°25´E K8 Darabani Botoșani, NW Romania 48°10´N 26°39´E Daraj see Dirj Dar‘ā, Muḩāfaat see Dar‘ā M8 Dārān Eşfahān, W Iran 33°00´N 50°27´E U12 Da Răng, Sông var. Ba. j S Vietnam Daraut-Kurgan see Daroot-Korgon W13 Darazo Bauchi, E Nigeria 11°01´N 10°27´E S3 Darband Arbīl, N Iraq 36°15´N 44°17´E V4 Darband-i Khān, Sadd dam NE Iraq N1 Darbāsīyah var. Derbisīye. Al Ḩasakah, N Syria 37°06´N 40°42´E C11 Darbėnai Klaipėda, NW Lithuania 56°02´N 21°16´E Q13 Darbhanga Bihār, N India 26°10´N 85°54´E M9 Darby, Cape headland Alaska, USA 64°19´N 162°46´W I9 Darda Hung. Dárda. Osijek-Baranja, E Croatia 45°37´N 18°41´E Dárda see Darda Dardanë see Kamenicë T11 Dardanelle Arkansas, C USA 35°11´N 93°09´W

27 S11 Dardanelle, Lake d Arkansas, C USA Dardanelles see Çanakkale Boğazı Dardanelli see Çanakkale Dardo see Kangding Dar-el-Beida see Casablanca 136 M14 Darende Malatya, C Turkey

97 M15 Darlington N England, United Kingdom 21 T12 30 K9 110 G7 101 G19 75 S7 103 S6 182 M7 195 Y6 105 R7 147 S11

61 A23

142 K7

32 I7 25 P1 153 S15

100 M7 100 M7 97 J24 97 P22 182 L12 97 I24 13 Q15 97 J24 15 Y6

183 Q11 Dartmouth Reservoir c Victoria, SE Australia Dartuch, Cabo see Artrutx, Cap d’ 186 C9 Daru Western, SW Papua New Guinea 09°05´S 143°10´E 112 G9 Daruvar Hung. Daruvár. Bjelovar-Bilogora, NE Croatia 45°34´N 17°12´E Daruvár see Daruvar Darvaza see Derweze, Turkmenistan Darvaza see Darvoza, Uzbekistan

38°34´N 37°29´E

81 J22 Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam, E Tanzania 06°51´S 39°18´E

81 J23 Dar es Salaam off. Mkoa wa Dar es Salaam. r region E Tanzania 81 J23 Dar es Salaam off. Mkoa wa Dar es Salaam. r region E Tanzania 81 J22 Dar es Salaam k Dar es Salaam, E Tanzania 06°57´S 39°17´E

Dar es Salaam, Mkoa wa see Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam, Mkoa wa see Dar es Salaam 185 H18 Darfield Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand

43°29´S 172°07´E 106 F7 Darfo Lombardia, N Italy 45°54´N 10°12´E 80 B10 Darfur var. Darfur Massif. cultural region W Sudan Darfur Massif see Darfur Darganata/Dargan-Ata see Birata 143 T3 Dargaz var. Darreh Gaz; prev. Moḩammadābād. Khorāsān-e Raẕavī, NE Iran 37°28´N 59°08´E 139 U4 Dargazayn As Sulaymānīyah, NE Iraq 35°39´N 45°00´E 183 P12 Dargo Victoria, SE Australia 37°29´S 147°15´E 162 L6 Darhan Darhan Uul, N Mongolia 49°24´N 105°57´E 163 N8 Darhan Hentiy, C Mongolia 46°38´N 109°25´E Darhan see Büreghangay

Darhan Muminggan Lianheqi see Bailingmiao 162 L6 Darhan Uul r province N Mongolia 23 W7 Darien Georgia, SE USA 31°22´N 81°25´W

43 W16 Darién off. Provincia del Darién. r province SE Panama Darién, Golfo del see Darien, Gulf of 43 X14 Darien, Gulf of Sp. Golfo del Darién. gulf S Caribbean Sea Darien, Isthmus of see Panama, Istmo de Darién, Provincia del see Darién 42 K9 Dariense, Cordillera m C Nicaragua 43 W15 Darién, Serranía del m Colombia/Panama 163 P10 Darĩganga var. Ovoot. Sühbaatar, SE Mongolia

153 S12

159 S12 183 T3 28 M2 180 I12 182 L8

45°08´N 113°51´E Dario see Ciudad Darío Dariorigum see Vannes Dariv see Darvi Darj see Dirj Darjeeling see Dārjiling Dārjiling prev. Darjeeling. West Bengal, NE India 27°00´N 88°13´E Darkehnen see Ozersk Darlag var. Gümai. Qinghai, C China 33°43´N 99°42´E Darling Downs hill range Queensland, E Australia Darling, Lake d North Dakota, N USA Darling Range m Western Australia Darling River j New South Wales, SE Australia

Mountain Mountain Range

Volcano River

54°31´N 01°34´W Darlington South Carolina, SE USA 34°19´N 79°53´W Darlington Wisconsin, N USA 42°41´N 90°08´W Darłowo Zachodniopomorskie, NW Poland 54°24´N 16°21´E Darmstadt Hessen, SW Germany 49°52´N 08°39´E Darnah var. Dérna. NE Libya 32°46´N 22°39´E Darney Vosges, NE France 48°06´N 05°58´E Darnick New South Wales, SE Australia 32°52´S 143°38´E Darnley, Cape cape Antarctica Daroca Aragón, NE Spain 41°07´N 01°25´W Daroot-Korgon var. Daraut-Kurgan. Oshskaya Oblast’, SW Kyrgyzstan 39°35´N 72°13´E Darragueira var. Darregueira. Buenos Aires, E Argentina 37°40´S 63°12´W Darregueira see Darragueira Darreh Gaz see Dargaz Darreh Shahr var. Darrehye Shahr. Īlām, W Iran 33°10´N 47°18´E Darreh-ye Shahr see Darreh Shahr Darrington Washington, NW USA 48°15´N 121°36´W Darrouzett Texas, SW USA 36°27´N 100°19´W Darsana var. Darshana. Khulna, N Bangladesh 23°32´N 88°49´E Darshana see Darsana Darss peninsula NE Germany Darsser Ort headland NE Germany 54°28´N 12°31´E Dart j SW England, United Kingdom Dartang see Baqên Dartford SE England, United Kingdom 51°27´N 00°13´E Dartmoor Victoria, SE Australia 37°56´S 141°18´E Dartmoor moorland SW England, United Kingdom Dartmouth Nova Scotia, SE Canada 44°40´N 63°35´W Dartmouth SW England, United Kingdom 50°21´N 03°34´W Dartmouth j Québec, SE Canada

162 F8 162 F7 147 O10 147 R13 148 L9 63 J15 181 O1

65 D24

62 H8

57 B17 149 S8 145 O15 143 T11

162 K7 119 O16

148 J15 147 R13 149 W7 146 J16

146 H8

146 E9

77 R15

Darvazskiy Khrebet see Darvoz, Qatorkŭhi Darvel Bay see Lahad Datu, Teluk Darvel, Teluk see Lahad Datu, Teluk Darvi var. Dariv. Govĭ-Altay, W Mongolia 46°20´N 94°11´E Darvi var. Bulgan. Hovd, W Mongolia 46°57´N 93°40´E Darvīshān see Darwēshān Darvoza Rus. Darvaza. Jizzax Viloyati, C Uzbekistan 40°59´N 67°19´E Darvoz, Qatorkŭhi Rus. Darvazskiy Khrebet. m C Tajikistan Darwēshān , var. Garmser; prev. Darvīshān. Helmand, S Afghanistan 31°02´N 64°12´E Darwin Río Negro, S Argentina 39°13´S 65°41´W Darwin prev. Palmerston, Port Darwin. territory capital Northern Territory, N Australia 12°28´S 130°52´E Darwin var. Darwin Settlement. East Falkland, Falkland Islands 51°51´S 58°55´W Darwin, Cordillera m N Chile Darwin Settlement see Darwin Darwin, Volcán i Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, E Pacific Ocean 0°12´S 91°17´W Darya Khān Punjab, E Pakistan 31°47´N 71°10´E Dar’yalyktakyr, Ravnina plain S Kazakhstan Dārzīn Kermān, S Iran 29°11´N 58°09´E Dashhowuz see Daşoguz Dashhowuz Welayaty see Dașoguz Welaýaty Dashinchilen var. Süüj. Bulgan, C Mongolia 47°49´N 104°06´E Dashkawka Rus. Dashkovka. Mahilyowskaya Voblasts’, E Belarus 53°44´N 30°16´E Dashkhovuz see Dașoguz Welaýaty Dashkhovuzskiy Velayat see Dașoguz Welaýaty Dashköpri see Dașköpri Dashkovka see Dashkawka Dasht j SW Pakistan Dasht-i see Bābūs, Dasht-e Dashtidzhum see Dashtijum Dashtijum Rus. Dashtidzhum. SW Tajikistan 38°06´N 70°11´E Daska Punjab, NE Pakistan 32°15´N 74°23´E Dașköpri var. Dashköpri, Rus. Tashkepri. Mary Welaýaty, S Turkmenistan 36°15´N 62°37´E Daşoguz Rus. Dashkhovuz, Turkm. Dashhowuz; prev. Tashauz. Dașoguz Welaýaty, N Turkmenistan 41°51´N 59°53´E Dașoguz Welaýaty var. Dashhowuz Welayaty, Rus. Dashkhovuz, Dashkhovuzskiy Velayat. r province N Turkmenistan Ða, Sông see Black River Dassa var. Dassa-Zoumé. S Benin 07°46´N 02°15´E Dassa-Zoumé see Dassa

Lake Reservoir

29 U8 Dassel Minnesota, N USA 45°06´N 94°18´W

152 H3 Dastegil Sar l N India 136 C16 Datça Muğla, SW Turkey

36°46´N 27°40´E Date Hokkaidō, NE Japan 42°28´N 140°51´E 154 I8 Datia prev. Duttia. Madhya Pradesh, C India 25°41´N 78°28´E Dåtnejaevrie see Tunnsjøen 159 T10 Datong var. Datong Huizu Tuzu Zizhixian, Qiaotou. Qinghai, C China 37°01´N 101°33´E 161 N2 Datong var. Tatung, Ta-t’ung. Shanxi, C China 40°09´N 113°17´E Datong see Tong’an 159 S8 Datong He j C China

165 R4

Datong Huizu Tuzu Zizhixian see Datong 159 S9 Datong Shan m C China 169 O10 Datu, Tanjung headland Indonesia/Malaysia

02°01´N 109°37´E Datu, Teluk see Lahad Datu, Teluk Daua see Dawa Wenz

172 H16 Dauban, Mount l Silhouette, NE Seychelles 149 T7 Dāūd Khel Punjab, E Pakistan 32°52´N 71°35´E 119 G15 Daugai Alytus, S Lithuania

118

101 155 166 11 103 23 11 77 152

155 171

171 15 29 32 43 15 29

11 21 26

54°22´N 24°20´E Daugava see Western Dvina J11 Daugavpils Ger. Dünaburg; prev. Rus. Dvinsk. SE Latvia 55°53´N 26°34´E Dauka see Dawkah Daulatabad see Malāyer D18 Daun RheinlandPfalz, W Germany 50°13´N 06°50´E E14 Daund prev. Dhond. Mahārāshtra, W India 18°28´N 74°38´E M12 Daung Kyun island S Myanmar (Burma) W15 Dauphin Manitoba, S Canada 51°09´N 100°05´W S13 Dauphiné cultural region E France N9 Dauphin Island island Alabama, S USA X15 Dauphin River Manitoba, S Canada 51°55´N 98°03´W V12 Daura Katsina, N Nigeria 13°03´N 08°18´E H12 Dausa prev. Daosa. Rājasthān, N India 26°51´N 76°21´E Dauwa see Dawwah Däväçi see Șabran F18 Dāvangere Karnātaka, W India 14°30´N 75°52´E Q8 Davao off. Davao City. Mindanao, S Philippines 07°06´N 125°36´E Davao City see Davao Q8 Davao Gulf gulf Mindanao, S Philippines Q11 Daveluyville Québec, SE Canada 46°12´N 72°07´W Z14 Davenport Iowa, C USA 41°31´N 90°35´W L8 Davenport Washington, NW USA 47°39´N 118°09´W P16 David Chiriquí, W Panama 08°26´N 82°26´W O11 David j Québec, SE Canada R15 David City Nebraska, C USA 41°15´N 97°07´W David-Gorodok see Davyd-Haradok T16 Davidson Saskatchewan, S Canada 51°15´N 105°59´W R10 Davidson North Carolina, SE USA 35°29´N 80°49´W K12 Davidson Oklahoma, C USA 34°15´N 99°06´W

Davidson Mountains m Alaska, USA 172 M8 Davie Ridge undersea feature W Indian Ocean 39 S6

17°10´S 41°45´E

Davies, Mount l South Australia 26°14´S 129°14´E 35 O7 Davis California, W USA 182 A1

38°31´N 121°46´W

27 N12 Davis Oklahoma, C USA 195 Y7 194 H3 18 C16 24 K9 195 Z9 65 O20 196 M13 127 U5 108 J9

119 J20

163 U12 141 O11 81 K15

167 N10 119 K14

141 V12 24 M3 140 M11 10 H5 23 S6 29 S9

34°30´N 97°07´W Davis Australian research station Antarctica 68°30´S 78°15´E Davis Coast physical region Antarctica Davis, Mount l Pennsylvania, NE USA 39°47´N 79°10´W Davis Mountains m Texas, SW USA Davis Sea sea Antarctica Davis Seamounts undersea feature S Atlantic Ocean Davis Strait strait Baffin Bay/ Labrador Sea Davlekanovo Respublika Bashkortostan, W Russian Federation 54°13´N 55°06´E Davos Rmsch. Tavau. Graubünden, E Switzerland 46°48´N 09°50´E Davvesiida see Lebesby Davyd-Haradok Pol. Dawidgródek, Rus. DavidGorodok. Brestskaya Voblasts’, SW Belarus 52°03´N 27°13´E Dawa Liaoning, NE China 40°55´N 122°02´E Dawāsir, Wādī ad dry watercourse S Saudi Arabia Dawa Wenz var. Daua, Webi Daawo. j E Africa Dawaymah, Birkat ad see Umm al Baqar, Hawr Dawei var. Tavoy, Htawei. Taninthayi, S Myanmar (Burma) 14°02´N 98°12´E Dawhinava Rus. Dolginovo. Minskaya Voblasts’, N Belarus 54°39´N 27°29´E Dawidgródek see Davyd-Haradok Dawkah var. Dauka. SW Oman 18°32´N 54°03´E Dawlat Qaţar see Qatar Dawn Texas, SW USA 34°54´N 102°10´W Dawo see Maqên Daws Al BāḨah, SW Saudi Arabia 20°19´N 41°12´E Dawson var. Dawson City. Yukon, NW Canada 64°04´N 139°24´W Dawson Georgia, SE USA 31°46´N 84°27´W Dawson Minnesota, N USA 44°55´N 96°03´W Dawson City see Dawson

241

Dawson Creek – Devoll 11 N13 Dawson Creek British Columbia, W Canada

127 T2

55°45´N 120°07´W

10 H7 Dawson Range m Yukon, W Canada 181 Y9 Dawson River j Queensland, E Australia 10 J15 Dawsons Landing British Columbia, SW Canada 51°33´N 127°38´W

Dawson Springs Kentucky, S USA 37°10´N 87°41´W 23 S2 Dawsonville Georgia, SE USA 34°28´N 84°07´W 160 G8 Dawu var. Xianshui. Sichuan, C China 20 I7

141 Y10 102 J15

160 G9 160 G12

149 O6 183 N12 35 U10 61 D17 138 G10 139 N4 138 M5

75 11 31 20 25 32 23 169 161 161 161 160 160 161 160 83 194 39 33 23 44 138

28 97 83 161 62 194

31 27 32 32 10 10 35 35 92

102 117

113 39

25

30°55´N 101°08´E Dawu see Maqên Dawukou see Huinong Dawwah var. Dauwa. W Oman 20°36´N 58°52´E Dax var. Ax; anc. Aquae Augustae, Aquae Tarbelicae. Landes, SW France 43°43´N 01°03´W Daxian see Dazhou Daxiangshan see Gangu Daxue see Wencheng Daxue Shan m C China Dayan see Lijiang Dayao var. Jinbi. Yunnan, SW China 25°41´N 101°23´E Dayishan see Gaoyou Dāykondī see Dāykundī Dāykundī prev. Dāykondī. r province C Afghanistan Daylesford Victoria, SE Australia 37°24´S 144°07´E Daylight Pass pass California, W USA Daymán, Río j N Uruguay Dayong see Zhangjiajie Dayr see Ad Dayr Dayr ‘Allā var. Deir ‘Alla. Al Balqā’, N Jordan 32°39´N 36°06´E Dayr az Zawr var. Deir ez Zor. Dayr az Zawr, E Syria 35°12´N 40°12´E Dayr az Zawr off. Muḩāfaat Dayr az Zawr, var. Dayr Az-Zor. r governorate E Syria

Dayr az Zawr, Muḩāfaat see Dayr az Zawr Dayr Az-Zor see Dayr az Zawr W9 Dayrūţ var. Dairûṭ. C Egypt 27°34´N 30°48´E Q15 Daysland Alberta, SW Canada 52°53´N 112°19´W R14 Dayton Ohio, N USA 39°46´N 84°12´W L10 Dayton Tennessee, S USA 35°30´N 85°01´W W11 Dayton Texas, SW USA 30°03´N 94°53´W L10 Dayton Washington, NW USA 46°19´N 117°58´W X10 Daytona Beach Florida, SE USA 29°12´N 81°03´W U12 Dayu Borneo, C Indonesia 01°59´S 115°04´E O13 Dayu Ling m S China R7 Da Yunhe Eng. Grand Canal. canal E China S11 Dayu Shan island SE China K8 Dazhou prev. Dachuan, Daxian. Sichuan, C China 31°16´N 107°31´E J9 Dazhu var. Zhuyang. Sichuan, C China 30°45´N 107°11´E T13 Dazhuoshui prev. Tachoshui. N Taiwan 24°26´N 121°43´E J9 Dazu var. Longgang. Chongqing Shi, C China 29°47´N 106°30´E H24 De Aar Northern Cape, C South Africa 30°40´S 24°01´E K5 Deacon, Cape headland Antarctica R5 Deadhorse Alaska, USA 70°15´N 148°28´W T12 Dead Indian Peak l Wyoming, C USA 44°36´N 109°45´W R9 Dead Lake c Florida, SE USA J4 Deadman’s Cay Long Island, C The Bahamas 23°09´N 75°06´W G11 Dead Sea var. Bahret Lut, Lacus Asphaltites, Ar. Al Baḩr al Mayyit, Baḩrat Lūt, Heb. Yam HaMela. salt lake Israel/ Jordan J9 Deadwood South Dakota, N USA 44°22´N 103°43´W Q22 Deal SE England, United Kingdom 51°14´N 01°23´E I22 Dealesville Free State, C South Africa 28°40´S 25°46´E P10 De’an var. Puting. Jiangxi, S China 29°24´N 115°46´E K9 Deán Funes Córdoba, C Argentina 30°25´S 64°22´W L12 Dean Island island Antarctica Deanuvuotna see Tanafjorden S10 Dearborn Michigan, N USA 42°16´N 83°13´W R3 Dearborn Missouri, C USA 39°31´N 94°46´W Deargget see Tärendö K9 Deary Idaho, NW USA 46°46´N 118°33´W M9 Deary Washington, NW USA 46°42´N 116°36´W J10 Dease j British Columbia, W Canada J10 Dease Lake British Columbia, W Canada 58°28´N 130°04´W U11 Death Valley California, W USA 36°25´N 116°50´W U11 Death Valley valley California, W USA M8 Deatnu Fin. Tenojoki, Nor. Tana. j Finland/Norway see also Tana, Tenojoki Deatnu see Tana L4 Deauville Calvados, N France 49°21´N 00°06´E X7 Debal’tseve Rus. Debal’tsevo. Donets’ka Oblast’, SE Ukraine 48°21´N 38°26´E Debal’tsevo see Debal’tseve M19 Debar Ger. Dibra, Turk. Debre. W FYR Macedonia 41°32´N 20°33´E O9 Debauch Mountain l Alaska, USA 64°31´N 159°52´W De Behagle see Laï X7 De Berry Texas, SW USA 32°18´N 94°09´W Debessy see Debesy

242

111 N16 98 J11 123 T9 110 N13 110 D10 39 S10 33 N8

80 J13 111 N22

80 I12 113 N19 80 J11

80 J13 113 L16

23 P2 23 S3 30 L13 31 Q12 22 M5 29 S14 25 S6 20 H9 103 O13 155 H17 14 J8 12 K2 160 G11 111 C15 103 P9 98 I6 29 X11

188 C15 98 N9 19 O11 63 H19 77 O13 124 G15

155 J24 83 N14 83 N14 96 K9 97 J19

21 T3 36 J4 27 P10 14 J11 21 T10 183 U4 31 S14 23 Z15 39 N8 38 M16 19 S7 13 S11 99 D18 33 Q10 32 L8 29 U5

31 R11 23 Q8 95 L23 104 H12

Debesy prev. Debessy. Udmurtskaya Respublika, NW Russian Federation 57°41´N 53°56´E Dębica Podkarpackie, SE Poland 50°04´N 21°24´E De Bildt see De Bilt De Bilt var. De Bildt. Utrecht, C Netherlands 52°06´N 05°11´E Debin Magadanskaya Oblast’, E Russian Federation 62°18´N 150°42´E Dęblin Rus. Ivangorod. Lubelskie, E Poland 51°34´N 21°50´E Dębno Zachodniopomorskie, NW Poland 52°43´N 14°42´E Deborah, Mount l Alaska, USA 63°38´N 147°13´W De Borgia Montana, NW USA 47°23´N 115°24´W Debra Birhan see Debre Birhan Debra Marcos see Debre Mark’os Debra Tabor see Debre Tabor Debre see Debar Debre Birhan var. Debra Birhan. Āmara, N Ethiopia 09°45´N 39°40´E Debrecen Ger. Debreczin, Rom. Debreţin; prev. Debreczen. Hajdú-Bihar, E Hungary 47°32´N 21°38´E Debreczen/Debreczin see Debrecen Debre Mark’os var. Debra Marcos. Āmara, N Ethiopia 10°18´N 37°48´E Debrešte SW FYR Macedonia 41°29´N 21°20´E Debre Tabor var. Debra Tabor. Āmara, N Ethiopia 11°46´N 38°06´E Debreţin see Debrecen Debre Zeyt Oromīya, C Ethiopia 08°41´N 39°00´E Deçan Serb. Dečane; prev. Dečani. W Kosovo 42°33´N 20°18´E Dečane see Deçan Dečani see Deçan Decatur Alabama, S USA 34°36´N 86°58´W Decatur Georgia, SE USA 33°46´N 84°18´W Decatur Illinois, N USA 39°50´N 88°57´W Decatur Indiana, N USA 40°40´N 84°57´W Decatur Mississippi, S USA 32°26´N 89°06´W Decatur Nebraska, C USA 42°00´N 96°19´W Decatur Texas, SW USA 33°14´N 97°35´W Decaturville Tennessee, S USA 35°35´N 88°08´W Decazeville Aveyron, S France 44°34´N 02°18´E Deccan Hind. Dakshin. plateau C India Decelles, Réservoir d Québec, SE Canada Déception Québec, NE Canada 62°06´N 74°36´W Dechang var. Dezhou. Sichuan, C China 27°24´N 102°09´E Děčín Ger. Tetschen. Ústecký Kraj, NW Czech Republic 50°48´N 14°15´E Decize Nièvre, C France 46°51´N 03°25´E De Cocksdorp NoordHolland, NW Netherlands 53°09´N 04°52´E Decorah Iowa, C USA 43°18´N 91°47´W Dedeagaç/Dedeagach see Alexandroúpoli Dededo N Guam 13°30´N 144°51´E Dedemsvaart Overijssel, E Netherlands 52°36´N 06°28´E Dedham Massachusetts, NE USA 42°14´N 71°10´W Dedo, Cerro l SW Argentina 44°46´S 71°48´W Dédougou W Burkina Faso 12°29´N 03°25´W Dedovichi Pskovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 57°31´N 29°53´E Dedu see Wudalianchi Deduru Oya j W Sri Lanka Dedza Central, S Malawi 14°20´S 34°24´E Dedza Mountain l C Malawi 14°22´S 34°16´E Dee j NE Scotland, United Kingdom Dee Wel. Afon Dyfrdwy. j England/Wales, United Kingdom Deep Bay see Chilumba Deep Creek Lake d Maryland, NE USA Deep Creek Range m Utah, W USA Deep Fork River j Oklahoma, C USA Deep River Ontario, SE Canada 46°04´N 77°29´W Deep River j North Carolina, SE USA Deepwater New South Wales, SE Australia 29°27´S 151°52´E Deer Creek Lake c Ohio, N USA Deerfield Beach Florida, SE USA 26°19´N 80°06´W Deering Alaska, USA 66°04´N 162°43´W Deer Island island Alaska, USA Deer Isle island Maine, NE USA Deer Lake Newfoundland and Labrador, SE Canada 49°11´N 57°27´N Deerlijk West-Vlaanderen, W Belgium 50°52´N 03°21´E Deer Lodge Montana, NW USA 46°24´N 112°43´W Deer Park Washington, NW USA 47°55´N 117°28´W Deer River Minnesota, N USA 47°19´N 93°47´W Deés see Dej Defeng see Liping Defiance Ohio, N USA 41°17´N 84°21´W De Funiak Springs Florida, SE USA 30°43´N 86°07´W Degeberga Skåne, S Sweden 55°48´N 14°06´E Degebe, Ribeira j S Portugal

Country Country Capital

80 M13 Degeh Bur Sumalē, E Ethiopia 08°08´N 43°35´E 15 U9 Dégelis Québec, SE Canada

47°30´N 68°38´W 77 U17 Degema Rivers, S Nigeria 04°46´N 06°47´E 95 L16 Degerfors Örebro, C Sweden 59°14´N 14°26´E

193 R14 De Gerlache Seamounts undersea feature SE Pacific Ocean 101 N21 Deggendorf Bayern, SE Germany 48°50´N 12°58´E 80 I11 Degoma Āmara, N Ethiopia 12°22´N 37°36´E

De Gordyk see Gorredijk 27 T12 De Gray Lake d Arkansas, C USA 180 J6 De Grey River j Western Australia 126 M10 Degtevo Rostovskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation

142 M10 75 N8 142 K8 147 N13

152 J9 153 O14 163 W9 99 D17

116 H9 95 K15

49°12´N 40°39´E Dehbārez see Rūdān Deh Bīd see Şafāshahr Deh Dasht Kohkīlūyeh va Būyer AḨmad, SW Iran 30°49´N 50°36´E Dehibat SE Tunisia 31°58´N 10°43´E Dehli see Delhi Dehlorān Īlām, W Iran 32°41´N 47°18´E Dehqonobod Rus. Dekhkanabad. Qashqadaryo Viloyati, S Uzbekistan 38°24´N 66°31´E Dehra Dūn Uttararanchal, N India 30°19´N 78°04´E Dehri Bihār, N India 24°55´N 84°11´E Deh Shū see Dīshū Dehui Jilin, NE China 44°23´N 125°42´E Deinze Oost-Vlaanderen, NW Belgium 50°59´N 03°32´E Deir ‘Alla see Dayr ‘Allā Deir ez Zor see Dayr az Zawr Deirgeirt, Loch see Derg, Lough Dej Hung. Dés; prev. Deés. Cluj, NW Romania 47°08´N 23°55´E Deje Värmland, C Sweden 59°35´N 13°29´E

162 J8 162 K9 162 L9 80 E6 159 R10 152 I10

22 J5 18 J11 152 I10 136 J17 136 J12 55 X10 40 J6 143 N7 112 P12 8

I8

15 Q7 11 T15 101 M15 33 Q12 24 I7 103 U7

29

30 M10

18

22 M5 25 W5 83 G18 79 K20

79 I14 98 H6 30 M9 61 C23 14 K10 80 E11 23 X11 35 R12 29 V8 36 K6

38 F17 30 M9 31 S13 18 I17

06°56´S 138°32´E De Jouwer see Joure De Kalb Illinois, N USA 41°55´N 88°45´W De Kalb Mississippi, S USA 32°46´N 88°39´W De Kalb Texas, SW USA 33°30´N 94°34´W Dekar var. D’Kar. Ghanzi, NW Botswana 21°31´S 21°55´E Dekéleia see Dhekélia Dekese Kasai-Occidental, C Dem. Rep. Congo 03°28´S 21°24´E Dekhkanabad see Dehqonobod Dékoa Kémo, C Central African Republic 06°17´N 19°07´E De Koog NoordHolland, NW Netherlands 53°06´N 04°43´E Delafield Wisconsin, N USA 43°03´N 88°22´W De La Garma Buenos Aires, E Argentina 37°58´S 60°25´W Delahey, Lac c Québec, SE Canada Delami Southern Kordofan, C Sudan 11°51´N 30°30´E De Land Florida, SE USA 29°01´N 81°18´W Delano California, W USA 35°46´N 119°15´W Delano Minnesota, N USA 45°03´N 93°46´W Delano Peak l Utah, W USA 38°22´N 112°21´W Delap-Uliga-Darrit see Dalap-Uliga-Djarrit Delārām see Dilārām Delarof Islands island group Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA Delavan Wisconsin, N USA 42°37´N 88°37´W Delaware Ohio, N USA 40°18´N 83°06´W Delaware off. State of Delaware, also known as Blue Hen State, Diamond State, First State. r state NE USA Delaware Bay bay NE USA

18 I17 24 J8 Delaware Mountains m Texas, SW USA 18 I12 Delaware River j NE USA 27 Q3 Delaware River j Kansas, C USA 18 J14 Delaware Water Gap valley New Jersey/Pennsylvania, NE USA 101 G14 Delbrück NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 51°46´N 08°34´E

11 Q15 Delburne Alberta, SW Canada 52°09´N 113°11´W 172 M12 Del Cano Rise undersea feature SW Indian Ocean 113 Q18

98 O10 183 R12 108 D7 25 R7 115 F18 98 G12 155 J23 98 O5 0

E9

42 F7 82 Q12 162 G8 163 O9

45°15´S 44°15´E Delčevo NE FYR Macedonia 41°57´N 22°45´E Delcommune, Lac see Nzilo, Lac Delden Overijssel, E Netherlands 52°16´N 06°41´E Delegate New South Wales, SE Australia 37°04´S 148°57´E De Lemmer see Lemmer Delémont Ger. Delsberg. Jura, NW Switzerland 47°22´N 07°21´E De Leon Texas, SW USA 32°06´N 98°33´W Delfoí Stereá Elláda, C Greece 38°28´N 22°31´E Delft Zuid-Holland, W Netherlands 52°01´N 04°22´E Delft island NW Sri Lanka Delfzijl Groningen, NE Netherlands 53°20´N 06°55´E Delgada Fan undersea feature NE Pacific Ocean 39°15´N 126°00´W Delgado San Salvador, SW El Salvador 13°44´N 89°07´W Delgado, Cabo headland N Mozambique 10°41´S 40°40´E Delger var. Taygan. Govĭ-Altay, C Mongolia 46°20´N 97°22´E Delgereh var. Hongor. Dornogovĭ, SE Mongolia 45°49´N 111°20´E

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

21

100 112 37 39 183 11 31 31 23 25 94 37 36 77 55

39 23 183 162 154 61 115 113

116 127 105 39 79 172 79

80 152 152 98 99 64 64 55 126 37

45°09´N 104°51´E Delgertsogt var. Amardalay. Dundgovĭ, C Mongolia 46°09´N 106°24´E Delgo Northern, N Sudan 20°08´N 30°35´E Delhi var. Delingha. Qinghai, C China 37°19´N 97°22´E Delhi var. Dehli, Hind. Dilli, hist. Shahjahanabad. union territory capital Delhi, N India 28°40´N 77°11´E Delhi Louisiana, S USA 32°28´N 91°29´W Delhi New York, NE USA 42°16´N 74°55´W Delhi r union territory NW India Deli Burnu headland S Turkey 36°43´N 34°55´E Delice Çayı j C Turkey Délices C French Guiana 04°45´N 53°45´W Delicias var. Ciudad Delicias. Chihuahua, N Mexico 28°09´N 105°22´W Delījān var. Dalijan, Dilijan. Markazī, W Iran 34°02´N 50°39´E Deli Jovan m E Serbia Déli-Kárpátok see Carpaii Meridionalii Délįne prev. Fort Franklin. Northwest Territories, NW Canada 65°10´N 123°30´W Delingha see Delhi Delisle Québec, SE Canada 48°39´N 71°42´W Delisle Saskatchewan, S Canada 51°54´N 107°01´W Delitzsch Sachsen, E Germany 51°31´N 12°19´E Dell Montana, NW USA 44°41´N 112°42´W Dell City Texas, SW USA 31°56´N 105°12´W Delle Territoire-de-Belfort, E France 47°30´N 07°00´E

Dellenbaugh, Mount l Arizona, SW USA 36°06´N 113°32´W R11 Dell Rapids South Dakota, N USA 43°50´N 96°42´W Y4 Delmar Maryland, NE USA 38°26´N 75°32´W K11 Delmar New York, NE USA 42°37´N 73°49´W G11 Delmenhorst Niedersachsen, NW Germany 53°03´N 08°38´E C9 Delnice Primorje-Gorski Kotar, NW Croatia 45°24´N 14°49´E R7 Del Norte Colorado, C USA 37°40´N 106°21´W N6 De Long Mountains m Alaska, USA P16 Deloraine Tasmania, SE Australia 41°34´S 146°43´E W17 Deloraine Manitoba, S Canada 49°12´N 100°28´W O12 Delphi Indiana, N USA 40°35´N 86°40´W Q12 Delphos Ohio, N USA 40°49´N 84°20´W Z15 Delray Beach Florida, SE USA 26°27´N 80°04´W O12 Del Rio Texas, SW USA 29°23´N 100°56´W Delsberg see Delémont N11 Delsbo Gävleborg, C Sweden 61°49´N 16°34´E P6 Delta Colorado, C USA 38°44´N 108°04´W K5 Delta Utah, W USA 39°21´N 112°34´W T17 Delta r state S Nigeria Q6 Delta Amacuro off. Territorio Delta Amacuro. r federal district NE Venezuela Delta Amacuro, Territorio see Delta Amacuro S9 Delta Junction Alaska, USA 64°02´N 145°43´W X11 Deltona Florida, SE USA 28°54´N 81°15´W T5 Delungra New South Wales, SE Australia 29°40´S 150°49´E D6 Delüün var. Rashaant. Bayan-Ölgiy, W Mongolia 47°48´N 90°45´E C12 Delvāda Gujarāt, W India 20°46´N 71°02´E B21 Del Valle Buenos Aires, E Argentina 35°55´S 60°42´W Delvina see Delvinë C15 Delvináki var. Dhelvinákion; prev. Pogónion. Ípeiros, W Greece 39°57´N 20°28´E L23 Delvinë var. Delvina, It. Delvino. Vlorë, S Albania 39°56´N 20°07´E Delvino see Delvinë I7 Delyatyn Ivano-Frankivs’ka Oblast’, W Ukraine 48°32´N 24°38´E U5 Dëma j W Russian Federation O5 Demanda, Sierra de la m W Spain T5 Demarcation Point headland Alaska, USA 69°40´N 141°19´W K21 Demba Kasai-Occidental, C Dem. Rep. Congo 05°24´S 22°16´E H13 Dembéni Grande Comore, NW Comoros 11°50´S 43°25´E M15 Dembia Mbomou, SE Central African Republic 05°08´N 24°25´E Dembidollo see Dembī Dolo H13 Dembī Dolo var. Dembidollo. Oromīya, C Ethiopia 08°33´N 34°49´E K6 Demchok var. Dêmqog. China/India 32°30´N 79°42´E see also Dêmqog L6 Demchok var. Dêmqog. disputed region China/India see also Dêmqog I12 De Meern Utrecht, C Netherlands 52°06´N 05°00´E I17 Demer j C Belgium H12 Demerara Plain undersea feature W Atlantic Ocean 10°00´N 48°00´W H12 Demerara Plateau undersea feature W Atlantic Ocean T9 Demerara River j NE Guyana H3 Demidov Smolenskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 55°15´N 31°30´E Q15 Deming New Mexico, SW USA 32°17´N 107°46´W

36 J9

171 Y15 De Jongs, Tanjung headland Papua, SE Indonesia

Delgerhaan var. Hujirt. Töv, C Mongolia 46°41´N 104°40´E Delgerhangay var. Hashaat. Dundgovĭ, C Mongolia

Administrative Regions International Airport

32 H6 Deming Washington, NW USA 48°49´N 122°13´W 58 E10 Demini, Rio j NW Brazil 136 D13 Demirci Manisa, W Turkey 39°03´N 28°40´E

113 P19 Demir Kapija prev. Železna Vrata. SE FYR Macedonia 114 N11 100 N9 23 O5 31 N11 158 F13 152 L6 171 Y13 121 K11 124 H15

41°25´N 22°15´E Demirköy Kırklareli, NW Turkey 41°48´N 27°49´E Demmin MecklenburgVorpommern, NE Germany 53°53´N 13°03´E Demopolis Alabama, S USA 32°31´N 87°50´W Demotte Indiana, N USA 41°13´N 87°07´W Dêmqog var. Demchok. China/India 32°36´N 79°29´E see also Demchok Dêmqog var. Demchok. disputed region China/India see also Demchok Demta Papua, E Indonesia 02°19´S 140°06´E Dem’yanka j C Russian Federation Demyansk Novgorodskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 57°39´N 32°31´E

122 H10 Dem’yanskoye Tyumenskaya Oblast’, C Russian Federation 103 P2

97 97 98 99 99 99

194 98 77

162 159

160

180 98

44°26´N 88°03´W

18 D10 Depew New York, NE USA 99 25 123

27 22 81 149

59°39´N 69°15´E

Denain Nord, N France 50°19´N 03°24´E

39 S10 Denali Alaska, USA 81

99 A17 De Panne West-Vlaanderen, W Belgium 51°06´N 02°35´E Departamento del Quindío see Quindío Departamento de Narino, see Nariño 54 M5 Dependencia Federal off. Territorio Dependencia Federal. r federal dependency N Venezuela Dependencia Federal, Territorio see Dependencia Federal 30 M7 De Pere Wisconsin, N USA

63°08´N 147°33´W Denali see McKinley, Mount M14 Denan Sumalē, E Ethiopia 06°40´N 43°31´E Denau see Denov J18 Denbigh Wel. Dinbych. NE Wales, United Kingdom 53°11´N 03°25´W J18 Denbigh cultural region N Wales, United Kingdom I6 Den Burg NoordHolland, NW Netherlands 53°03´N 04°47´E F18 Dender Fr. Dendre. j W Belgium F18 Denderleeuw OostVlaanderen, NW Belgium 50°53´N 04°05´E F17 Dendermonde Fr. Termonde. Oost-Vlaanderen, NW Belgium 51°02´N 04°08´E Dendre see Dender I9 Dendtler Island island Antarctica P10 Denekamp Overijssel, E Netherlands 52°23´N 07°E W12 Dengas Zinder, S Niger 13°15´N 09°43´E Dêngka see Têwo Dêngkagoin see Têwo L13 Dengkou var. Bayan Gol. Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China 40°15´N 106°59´E Q14 Dêngqên var. Gyamotang. Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 31°28´N 95°28´E Deng Xian see Dengzhou M7 Dengzhou prev. Deng Xian. Henan, C China 32°48´N 111°59´E Dengzhou see Penglai Den Haag see ’s-Gravenhage H10 Denham Western Australia 25°56´S 113°35´E N9 Den Ham Overijssel, E Netherlands 52°30´N 06°31´E

44 J12 Denham, Mount l C Jamaica 18°13´N 77°33´W 22 J8 Denham Springs Louisiana, S USA 30°29´N 90°57´W 98 I7 Den Helder NoordHolland, NW Netherlands

149

116 127 147

79 180 97 27 97 112 162 171 127

97 117 22 137 83

27

52°54´N 04°45´E

22

38°51´N 00°07´E

102

105 T11 Dénia Valenciana, E Spain 189 Q8 Denig W Nauru 183 N10 Deniliquin New South Wales, SE Australia

81

35°33´S 144°58´E

29 T14 Denison Iowa, C USA 42°00´N 95°22´W

25 U5 Denison Texas, SW USA 144 L8 136 D15 136 D15 183 S7 195 Y10 21 R14 95 G23

92 H1 45 T11 98 I7 147 O13 169 U17 116 E12 21 Y3 25 T6 186 G9 37 T4 37 T4 24 L6 152 J9 163 X15 154 E13 154 I10 153 O12

33°45´N 96°32´W Denisovka prev. Ordzhonikidze. Kostanay, N Kazakhstan 52°27´N 61°42´E Denizli Denizli, SW Turkey 37°46´N 29°05´E Denizli r province SW Turkey Denjong see Sikkim Denman New South Wales, SE Australia 32°24´S 150°43´E Denman Glacier glacier Antarctica Denmark South Carolina, SE USA 33°19´N 81°08´W Denmark off. Kingdom of Denmark, Dan. Danmark; anc. Hafnia. b monarchy N Europe Denmark, Kingdom of see Denmark Denmark Strait var. Danmarksstraedet. strait Greenland/Iceland Dennery E Saint Lucia 13°55´N 60°53´W Den Oever NoordHolland, NW Netherlands 52°56´N 05°01´E Denov Rus. Denau. Surkhondaryo Viloyati, S Uzbekistan 38°20´N 67°48´E Denpasar prev. Paloe. Bali, C Indonesia 08°40´S 115°14´E Denta Timiș, W Romania 45°20´N 21°15´E Denton Maryland, NE USA 38°53´N 75°50´W Denton Texas, SW USA 33°11´N 97°08´W D’Entrecasteaux Islands island group SE Papua New Guinea Denver state capital Colorado, C USA 39°45´N 105°W Denver k Colorado, C USA 39°57´N 104°38´W Denver City Texas, SW USA 32°57´N 102°49´W Deoband Uttar Pradesh, N India 29°41´N 77°40´E Deoghar see Devghar Deokjeok-gundo prev. Tŏkchŏk-kundo. island group NW South Korea Deolāli Mahārāshtra, W India 19°55´N 73°49´E Deori Madhya Pradesh, C India 23°09´N 78°39´E Deoria Uttar Pradesh, N India 26°31´N 83°48´E

Mountain Mountain Range

80 112 183

42°54´N 78°41´W E17 De Pinte Oost-Vlaanderen, NW Belgium 51°00´N 03°37´E V5 Deport Texas, SW USA 33°31´N 95°19´W Q8 Deputatskiy Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 69°18´N 139°48´E Dêqên see Dagzê S13 De Queen Arkansas, C USA 34°02´N 94°20´W G8 De Quincy Louisiana, S USA 30°27´N 93°25´W J20 Dera spring/well S Kenya 02°39´S 39°52´E Der’a/Derá/Déraa see Dar‘ā S10 Dera Ghāzi Khān var. Dera Ghāzikhān. Punjab, C Pakistan 30°01´N 70°37´E Dera Ghāzikhān see Dera Ghāzi Khān S8 Dera Ismāīl Khān Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, C Pakistan 31°51´N 70°56´E Ðeravica see Gjeravicë L6 Derazhnya Khmel’nyts’ka Oblast’, W Ukraine 49°16´N 27°24´E R17 Derbent Respublika Dagestan, SW Russian Federation 42°01´N 48°16´E N13 Derbent Surkhondaryo Viloyati, S Uzbekistan 38°15´N 66°59´E Derbisīye see Darbāsīyah M15 Derbissaka Mbomou, SE Central African Republic 05°43´N 24°48´E L4 Derby Western Australia 17°18´S 123°37´E M19 Derby C England, United Kingdom 52°55´N 01°30´W N7 Derby Kansas, C USA 37°33´N 97°16´W L18 Derbyshire cultural region C England, United Kingdom O11 Ðerdap physical region E Serbia Derelí see Gónnoi L9 Deren var. Tsant. Dundgovĭ, C Mongolia 46°16´N 106°55´E W13 Derew j Papua, E Indonesia R8 Dergachi Saratovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 51°15´N 48°58´E Dergachi see Derhachi C19 Derg, Lough Ir. Loch Deirgeirt. c W Ireland V5 Derhachi Rus. Dergachi. Kharkivs’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 50°09´N 36°11´E G8 De Ridder Louisiana, S USA 30°51´N 93°18´W P16 Derik Mardin, SE Turkey 37°22´N 40°16´E E20 Derm Hardap, C Namibia 23°38´S 18°12´E Dermentobe see Diirmentobe W14 Dermott Arkansas, C USA 33°31´N 91°26´W Dérna see Darnah Dernberg, Cape see Dolphin Head J11 Dernieres, Isles island group Louisiana, S USA I4 Déroute, Passage de la strait Channel Islands/France Derrá see Dar‘ā O16 Derri prev. Dirri. Galguduud, C Somalia 04°15´N 46°31´E Derry see Londonderry Dertona see Tortona Dertosa see Tortosa H8 Derudeb Red Sea, NE Sudan 17°31´N 36°07´E H10 Derventa Republika Srpska, N Bosnia and Herzegovina 44°57´N 17°55´E O16 Derwent Bridge Tasmania, SE Australia 42°10´S 146°13´E

183 O17 Derwent, River j Tasmania, SE Australia 146 F10 Derweze Rus. Darvaza. Ahal Welaýaty, C Turkmenistan

36 J2

16°35´S 69°05´W

57 J18 Desaguadero, Río j Bolivia/Peru 191 W9 Désappointement, Îles du island group Îles Tuamotu, C French Polynesia 27 W11 Des Arc Arkansas, C USA 34°58´N 91°30´W

Desiderii Fanum see St-Dizier 106 D7 Desio Lombardia, N Italy 45°37´N 09°12´E

115 E15 Deskáti var. Dheskáti. Dytikí Makedonía, N Greece

27 11 29 29 17 117 116 63 29 23 83 105 31 115 112 101 99

23 193 103 116 101 31 25 31 29 31

167 111 154 99 99

109

109

109

14 102 116

136 137 136 98 15 96 153

62 H13 Descabezado Grande, Volcán i C Chile

27

102 L9

35°34´S 70°40´W Descartes Indre-et-Loire, C France 46°58´N 00°40´E

11 T13 Deschambault Lake c Saskatchewan, C Canada Deschnaer Koppe see Velká Deštná 32 I11 Deschutes River j Oregon, NW USA 80 J12 Desē var. Desse, It. Dessie. Āmara, N Ethiopia 11°02´N 39°39´E

35 30

29 31 29

63 I20 Deseado, Río j S Argentina 106 F8 Desenzano del Garda Lombardia, N Italy

35

Deseret Peak l Utah, W USA 40°27´N 112°37´W 64 P6 Deserta Grande island Madeira, Portugal, NE Atlantic Ocean 64 P6 Desertas, Ilhas island group Madeira, Portugal, NE Atlantic Ocean 35 X16 Desert Center California, W USA 33°42´N 115°22´W 35 V15 Desert Hot Springs California, W USA

33

36 K3

45°28´N 10°31´E

33°57´N 116°33´W 14 K10 Désert, Lac c Québec, SE Canada

Volcano River

Lake Reservoir

39°55´N 21°49´E Des Lacs River j North Dakota, N USA X6 Desloge Missouri, C USA 37°52´N 90°31´W Q12 Desmarais Alberta, W Canada 55°58´N 113°56´W Q10 De Smet South Dakota, N USA 44°23´N 97°33´W V14 Des Moines state capital Iowa, C USA 41°36´N 93°37´W N9 Des Moines River j C USA P4 Desna j Russian Federation/Ukraine G14 Desnăui j S Romania F24 Desolación, Isla island S Chile V14 De Soto Iowa, C USA 41°31´N 94°00´W Q4 De Soto Falls waterfall Alabama, S USA I25 Despatch Eastern Cape, S South Africa 33°48´S 25°28´E N12 Despeñaperros, Desfiladero de pass S Spain N10 Des Plaines Illinois, N USA 42°01´N 87°52´W J21 Despotikó island Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea N12 Despotovac Serbia, E Serbia 44°06´N 21°25´E M14 Dessau Sachsen-Anhalt, E Germany 51°51´N 12°15´E Desse see Desē J16 Dessel Antwerpen, N Belgium 51°15´N 05°07´E Dessie see Desē Destêrro see Florianópolis P9 Destin Florida, SE USA 30°23´N 86°30´W Deštná see Velká Deštná T10 Desventurados, Islas de los island group W Chile N1 Desvres Pas-de-Calais, N France 50°41´N 01°48´E E12 Deta Ger. Detta. Timiș, W Romania 45°24´N 21°14´E H14 Detmold NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 51°55´N 08°52´E S10 Detroit Michigan, N USA 42°20´N 83°03´W W5 Detroit Texas, SW USA 33°39´N 95°16´W S10 Detroit j Canada/USA S6 Detroit Lakes Minnesota, N USA 46°49´N 95°49´W S10 Detroit Metropolitan k Michigan, N USA 42°12´N 83°16´W Detta see Deta S10 Det Udom Ubon Ratchathani, E Thailand 14°54´N 105°03´E K20 Detva Hung. Gyeva. Bankobýstricky Kraj, C Slovakia 48°35´N 19°25´E G13 Deūlgaon Rāja Mahārāshtra, C India 20°04´N 76°08´E L15 Deurne Noord-Brabant, SE Netherlands 51°28´N 05°47´E H16 Deurne k (Antwerpen) Antwerpen, N Belgium 51°10´N 04°28´E Deutsch-Brod see Havlíčkův Brod Deutschendorf see Poprad Deutsch-Eylau see Iława Y6 Deutschkreutz Burgenland, E Austria 47°37´N 16°37´E Deutsch Krone see Wałcz Deutschland/Deutschland, Bundesrepublik see Germany V9 Deutschlandsberg Steiermark, SE Austria 46°52´N 15°13´E Deutsch-Südwestafrika see Namibia Y3 Deutsch-Wagram Niederösterreich, E Austria 48°19´N 16°33´E Deux-Ponts see Zweibrücken I11 Deux Rivieres Ontario, SE Canada 46°13´N 78°16´W K9 Deux-Sèvres r department W France G11 Deva Ger. Diemrich, Hung. Déva. Hunedoara, W Romania 45°55´N 22°55´E Déva see Deva Deva see Chester Devana see Aberdeen Devana Castra see Chester Ðevđelija see Gevgelija L12 Deveci Dağları m N Turkey P15 Devegeçidi Barajī d SE Turkey K15 Develi Kayseri, C Turkey 38°22´N 35°28´E M11 Deventer Overijssel, E Netherlands 52°15´N 06°10´E O10 Devenyns, Lac c Québec, SE Canada K8 Deveron j NE Scotland, United Kingdom R14 Devghar prev. Deoghar. Jhārkhand, NE India R10 Devil’s Den plateau Arkansas, C USA R7 Devils Gate pass California, W USA J2 Devils Island island Apostle Islands, Wisconsin, N USA Devil’s Island see Diable, Île du P3 Devils Lake North Dakota, N USA 48°08´N 98°50´W R10 Devils Lake c Michigan, N USA O3 Devils Lake c North Dakota, N USA W13 Devils Playground desert California, W USA O11 Devils River j Texas, SW USA Y12 Devils Tower l Wyoming, C USA 44°33´N 104°45´W I11 Devin prev. Dovlen. Smolyan, S Bulgaria 41°45´N 24°24´E R12 Devine Texas, SW USA 29°08´N 98°54´W H13 Devli Rājasthān, N India 25°47´N 75°23´E Devne see Devnya N8 Devnya prev. Devne. Varna, E Bulgaria 43°15´N 27°35´E U14 Devola Ohio, N USA 39°28´N 81°28´W Devoll see Devollit, Lumi i

28 L2

14 C10 Desbarats Ontario, S Canada 46°20´N 83°52´W

41°03´N 113°22´W

41°12´N 83°55´W Deshu see Dīshū

40°10´N 58°27´E

Deržavinsk see Derzhavinsk 145 O9 Derzhavinsk var. Deržavinsk. r  Akmola, C Kazakhstan Dés see Dej 57 J18 Desaguadero Puno, S Peru

Desert Peak l Utah, W USA

31 R11 Deshler Ohio, N USA

25

114 25 152 114 31

Devollit, lumi i – Dokuchayevs’k 113 M21 Devollit, Lumi i var. Devoll. j SE Albania 11 Q14 Devon Alberta, SW Canada

154 F12 Dhule prev. Dhulia. Mahārāshtra, C India

97

Dhún Dealgan, Cuan see Dundalk Bay Dhún Droma, Cuan see Dundrum Bay Dhún na nGall, Bá see Donegal Bay Dhū Shaykh see Qazānīyah 80 Q13 Dhuudo Bari, NE Somalia

197 183 136 154

27 98 27 29 29 97 161 27 37 160 182 143

142 129 161

153 153

141 154 153 152

153 152 154 153

155 155

53°21´N 113°47´W I23 Devon cultural region SW England, United Kingdom N10 Devon Island prev. North Devon Island. island Parry Islands, Nunavut, NE Canada O16 Devonport Tasmania, SE Australia 41°14´S 146°21´E H11 Devrek Zonguldak, N Turkey 41°14´N 31°57´E G10 Dewās Madhya Pradesh, C India 22°59´N 76°03´E De Westerein see Zwaagwesteinde P8 Dewey Oklahoma, C USA 36°48´N 95°56´W Dewey see Culebra M8 De Wijk Drenthe, NE Netherlands 52°41´N 06°13´E W12 De Witt Arkansas, C USA 34°17´N 91°21´W Z14 De Witt Iowa, C USA 41°49´N 90°32´W R16 De Witt Nebraska, C USA 40°23´N 96°55´W M17 Dewsbury N England, United Kingdom 53°42´N 01°37´W Q10 Dexing Jiangxi, S China 28°51´N 117°36´E Y8 Dexter Missouri, C USA 36°48´N 89°57´W U14 Dexter New Mexico, SW USA 33°12´N 104°25´W I8 Deyang Sichuan, C China 31°08´N 104°23´E C4 Dey-Dey, Lake salt lake South Australia S7 Deyhūk Khorāsān-e Jonūbī, E Iran 33°18´N 57°30´E Deynau see Galkynyș Deyyer see Bandar-e Dayyer L8 Dezfūl var. Dizful. Khūzestān, SW Iran 32°23´N 48°28´E X4 Dezhneva, Mys headland NE Russian Federation 66°08´N 69°40´W P4 Dezhou Shandong, E China 37°28´N 116°18´E Dezhou see Dechang Dezh Shāhpūr see Marīvān Dhaalu Atoll see South Nilandhe Atoll Dhahran see A ahrān Dhahran Al Khobar see A ahrān al Khubar U14 Dhaka prev. Dacca. a (Bangladesh) Dhaka, C Bangladesh 23°42´N 90°22´E T15 Dhaka r division C Bangladesh Dhali see Idálion Dhalli Rajhara see Dalli Rājhara O15 Dhamār W Yemen 14°31´N 44°25´E K12 Dhamtari Chhattīsgarh, C India 20°43´N 81°36´E Q15 Dhanbād Jhārkhand, NE India 23°48´N 86°27´E L10 Dhangaḍhi var. Dhangarhi. Far Western, W Nepal 28°45´N 80°38´E Dhangarhi see Dhangaḍhi Dhank see Ḑank R12 Dhankuţā Eastern, E Nepal 27°06´N 87°21´E I6 Dhaola Dhār m NE India F10 Dhār Madhya Pradesh, C India 22°32´N 75°24´E R12 Dharān var. Dharan Bazar. Eastern, E Nepal 26°51´N 87°18´E Dharan Bazar see Dharān H21 Dhārāpuram Tamil Nādu, SE India 10°45´N 77°33´E H20 Dharmapuri Tamil Nādu, SE India 12°11´N 78°07´E

155 H18 Dharmavaram Andhra Pradesh, E India 14°27´N 77°44´E

154 M11 Dharmjaygarh Chhattīsgarh, C India 22°27´N 83°16´E Dharmsāla see Dharmshāla 152 I7 Dharmshāla prev. Dharmsāla. Himāchal Pradesh, N India 32°14´N 76°24´E

155 F17 Dhārwād prev. Dharwar. Karnātaka, SW India

15°30´N 75°04´E Dharwar see Dhārwād Dhaulagiri see Dhawalāgiri 153 O10 Dhawalāgiri var. Dhaulagiri. l C Nepal 28°45´N 83°27´E 81 L18 Dheere Laaq var. Lak Dera, It. Lach Dera. seasonal river Kenya/Somalia

121 Q3

121 Q3

113 M22 154 O12

Dhekeleia Sovereign Base Area see Dhekelia Sovereign Base Area Dhekélia Eng. Dhekelia, Gk. Dekéleia. UK air base SE Cyprus35°00´N 33°45´E see Dhekélia Dhekelia Sovereign Base Area var. Dhekeleia Sovereign Base Area. UK military installation E Cyprus34°59´N 33°45´E Dhelvinákion see Delvináki Dhëmbelit, Maja e l S Albania 40°10´N 20°22´E Dhenkānāl Odisha, E India 20°40´N 85°36´E

Dheskáti see Deskáti 138 G11 Dhībān Mādabā, NW Jordan 31°30´N 35°47´E

139

138

155 154 154

153

Dhidhimótikhon see Didymóteicho Dhíkti Ori see Díkti W11 Dhī Qār off. Muḩāfaᶎat Dhī Qār, var. Al Muntafiq, An Nāşirīyah. r governorate SE Iraq Dhī Qār, Muḩāfaᶎat see Dhī Qār I12 Dhirwah, Wādī adh dry watercourse C Jordan Dhístomon see Dístomo Dhodhekánisos see Dodekánisa Dhodhóni see Dodóni Dhofar see ufār Dhomokós see Domokós Dhond see Daund H17 Dhone Andhra Pradesh, C India 15°25´N 77°52´E B11 Dhorāji Gujarāt, W India 21°44´N 70°27´E Dhráma see Dráma C10 Dhrāngadhra Gujarāt, W India 22°59´N 71°32´E Dhrepanon, Akrotírio see Drépano, Akrotírio T13 Dhuburi Assam, NE India 26°06´N 89°55´E

20°54´N 74°47´E Dhulia see Dhule

09°21´N 50°19´E

81 N15 Dhuusa Marreeb var. Dusa Marreb, It. Dusa Mareb. Galguduud, C Somalia 05°33´N 46°24´E 115 J24 Día island SE Greece 55 Y9 Diable, Île du var. Devil’s Island. island N French Guiana

15 N12 Diable, Rivière du j Québec, SE Canada 35 N8 Diablo, Mount l California, W USA 37°52´N 121°57´W 35 O9 Diablo Range m California, W USA 24 I8 Diablo, Sierra m Texas, SW USA 45 O11 Diablotins, Morne l N Dominica 15°30´N 61°23´W

77 N11 Diafarabé Mopti, C Mali

14°09´N 05°01´W 77 N11 Diaka j SW Mali Diakovár see Ðakovo 76 I12 Dialakoto S Senegal 13°21´N 13°19´W 61 B18 Diamante Entre Ríos, E Argentina 32°05´S 60°40´W

107 61 141

79

195 139 113 83 25 153 54 25 19 30 28 0 27 20

98 163 76

81 67 11 152 115 114

103 77

103 T5 119 H15 98 N7 101 F17

40°56´N 108°56´W

77 Y10 99 L25

Diamond Peak l  Colorado, C USA

14°04´N 11°16´W

77

103 R13

77 Y12

95 I23 Dianalund Sjælland, C Denmark 55°32´N 11°30´E 65 G25 Diana’s Peak l C Saint Helena 160 M16 Dianbai var. Shuidong. Guangdong, S China

163

108 F7

21°15´N 157°48´W

35 W5 Diamond Peak l Nevada, W USA 39°34´N 115°46´W Diamond State see Delaware 76 J11 Diamou Kayes, SW Mali

160 106

14°30´N 09°12´W

101 H15 Diemel j W Germany 98 I10 Diemen Noord-Holland, C Netherlands 52°21´N 04°58´E Diemrich see Deva Ðiên Biên see Ðiên Biên Phu 167 R6 Ðiên Biên Phu var. Bien Bien, Ðiên Biên. Lai Châu, N Vietnam 21°23´N 103°02´E 167 S7 Diên Châu Nghê An, N Vietnam 18°54´N 105°35´E 99 K18 Diepenbeek Limburg, NE Belgium 50°54´N 05°25´E 98 N11 Diepenheim Overijssel, E Netherlands 52°10´N 06°37´E 98 M10 Diepenveen Overijssel, E Netherlands 52°18´N 06°09´E 100 G12 Diepholz Niedersachsen, NW Germany 52°36´N 08°23´E 102 M3 Dieppe Seine-Maritime, N France 49°55´N 01°05´E 98 M12 Dieren Gelderland, E Netherlands 52°03´N 06°06´E 27 S13 Dierks Arkansas, C USA 99 J17

62 I12 Diamante, Río j C Argentina 59 M19 Diamantina Minas Gerais, SE Brazil 18°17´S 43°37´W 59 N17 Diamantina, Chapada m E Brazil 173 U11 Diamantina Fracture Zone tectonic feature E Indian Ocean 181 T8 Diamantina River j Queensland/South Australia 38 D9 Diamond Head headland O‘ahu, Hawai‘i, USA 37 P2

63 F23 Diego de Almagro, Isla island S Chile 61 A20 Diego de Alvear Santa Fe, C Argentina 34°25´S 62°10´W 173 Q7 Diego Garcia island S British Indian Ocean Territory Diégo-Suarez see Antsiraana 99 M23 Diekirch Diekirch, C Luxembourg 49°52´N 06°10´E 99 L23 Diekirch r district N Luxembourg 76 K11 Diéma Kayes, W Mali

26 J5

103 T14

21°30´N 111°05´E G13 Dian Chi d SW China B10 Diano Marina Liguria, NW Italy 43°55´N 08°06´E V11 Diaobingshan var. Tiefa. Liaoning, NE China 42°25´N 123°39´E Diaoyu Dao see Uotsuri-shima Diaoyutai see Senkaku-shotō R13 Diapaga E Burkina Faso 12°09´N 01°48´E Diarbekr see Diyarbakır J15 Diavolo, Passo del pass C Italy B18 Díaz Santa Fe, C Argentina 32°22´S 61°05´W W6 Dibā al Ḩişn var. Dibāh, Dibba. Ash Shāriqah, NE United Arab Emirates 25°35´N 56°16´E dibaga see Dîbege Dibāh see Dibā al Ḩişn L22 Dibaya Kasai-Occidental, S Dem. Rep. Congo 06°31´S 22°57´E Dibba see Dibā al Ḩişn W15 Dibble Iceberg Tongue ice feature Antarctica S3 Dîbege Ar. Ad Dībakah, var. Dībaga. Arbīl, N Iraq 35°51´N 43°49´E L19 Dibër r district E Albania I20 Dibete Central, SE Botswana 23°45´S 26°26´E Dibio see Dijon W9 Diboll Texas, SW USA 31°11´N 94°46´W Dibra see Debar X11 Dibrugarh Assam, NE India 27°29´N 94°49´E G4 Dibulla La Guajira, N Colombia 11°14´N 73°22´W O5 Dickens Texas, SW USA 33°38´N 100°51´W R2 Dickey Maine, NE USA 47°04´N 69°05´W K9 Dickeyville Wisconsin, N USA 42°37´N 90°36´W K5 Dickinson North Dakota, N USA 46°54´N 102°48´W E6 Dickins Seamount undersea feature NE Pacific Ocean 54°30´N 137°00´W O13 Dickson Oklahoma, C USA 34°11´N 96°58´W I9 Dickson Tennessee, S USA 36°04´N 87°23´W Dicle see Tigris Dicsőszentmárton see Târnăveni M12 Didam Gelderland, E Netherlands 51°56´N 06°08´E Y8 Didao Heilongjiang, NE China 45°22´N 130°48´E L12 Didiéni Koulikoro, W Mali 13°48´N 08°01´W Didimo see Dídymo Didimotiho see Didymóteicho K17 Didimtu spring/well NE Kenya 02°58´N 40°07´E U9 Didinga Hills m S Sudan Q16 Didsbury Alberta, SW Canada 51°39´N 114°09´W G11 Dīdwāna Rājasthān, N India 27°23´N 74°36´E G20 Dídymo var. Didimo. l S Greece 37°28´N 23°12´E L12 Didymóteicho var. Dhidhimótikhon, Didimotiho. Anatolikí Makedonía kai Thráki, NE Greece 41°22´N 26°29´E S13 Die Drôme, E France 44°46´N 05°21´E O13 Diébougou SW Burkina Faso 11°00´N 03°12´W Diedenhofen see Thionville

11 S16 Diefenbaker, Lake d Saskatchewan, S Canada 62 H7 Diego de Almagro Atacama, N Chile 26°24´S 70°10´W

Country Country Capital

13 O16

103 Q10 171 Q8 149 Q16

34°07´N 94°01´W Diest Vlaams Brabant, C Belgium 50°58´N 05°03´E Dietikon Zürich, NW Switzerland 47°24´N 08°25´E Dieulefit Drôme, E France 44°30´N 05°01´E Dieuze Moselle, NE France 48°49´N 06°41´E Dieveniškės Vilnius, SE Lithuania 54°12´N 25°38´E Diever Drenthe, NE Netherlands 52°49´N 06°19´E Diez Rheinland-Pfalz, W Germany 50°22´N 08°01´E Diffa Diffa, SE Niger 13°19´N 12°37´E Diffa r department SE Niger Differdange Luxembourg, SW Luxembourg 49°32´N 05°53´E Digby Nova Scotia, SE Canada 44°37´N 65°47´W Dighton Kansas, C USA 38°28´N 100°28´W Dignano d’Istria see Vodnjan Digne var. Digne-les-Bains. Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, SE France 44°05´N 06°14´E Digne-les-Bains see Digne Digoel see Digul, Sungai Digoin Saône-et-Loire, C France 46°30´N 04°E Digos Mindanao, S Philippines 06°46´N 125°21´E Digri Sind, SE Pakistan 25°11´N 69°10´E

171 Y14 Digul Barat, Sungai j Papua, E Indonesia 171 Y15 Digul, Sungai prev. Digoel. j Papua, E Indonesia 171 Z14 Digul Timur, Sungai j Papua, E Indonesia 153 X10 Dihāng j NE India Dihang see Brahmaputra Dihok see Dahūk Dihōk see Dahūk Dihok see Dahūk Dihok, Parêzga-î see Dahūk 81 L17 Diinsoor Bay, S Somalia 02°28´N 43°00´E

144 M14 Diirmentobe Kas. Dīirmentöbe; prev. Dermentobe, Dyurment’yube. Kzyl-Orda, S Kazakhstan 45°46´N 63°42´E

Dīirmentöbe see Diirmentobe Dijlah see Tigris 99 H17 Dijle j C Belgium 103 R8 Dijon anc. Dibio. Côte d’Or, C France 47°21´N 05°04´E 93 H14 Dikanäs Västerbotten, N Sweden 65°15´N 16°00´E 80 L12 Dikhil SW Djibouti 11°08´N 42°19´E

136 B13 Dikili İzmir, W Turkey 39°05´N 26°52´E

99 B17 Diksmuide var. Dixmuide, Fr. Dixmude. WestVlaanderen, W Belgium 122 K7

24 M3 114 F7 59 A16 115 O23 171 Q6 153 S13 102 I6 99 I21 136 E15 112 F13 102 I5 112 F13 143 N10 155 H22 83 M19 79 H21 149 V7 158 L16 97 A20 97 A20

32°11´N 63°27´E

08°33´S 125°34´E

77 Y11 Dilia var. Dillia. j SE Niger Dilijan see Delījān 167 U13 Di Linh Lâm Ðông, S Vietnam 11°38´N 108°07´E 101 G16 Dillenburg Hessen, W Germany 50°45´N 08°16´E 25 Q13 Dilley Texas, SW USA 28°40´N 99°10´W Dilli see Dili, East Timor Dilli see Delhi, India Dillia see Dilia 80 E11 Dilling var. Ad Dalanj. Southern Kordofan, C Sudan 12°02´N 29°41´E 101 D20 Dillingen Saarland, SW Germany 49°20´N 06°43´E Dillingen see Dillingen an der Donau

101 J22 Dillingen an der Donau var. Dillingen. Bayern, S Germany 48°34´N 10°29´E 39 O13 Dillingham Alaska, USA

59°03´N 158°30´W Dillon Montana, NW USA 45°14´N 112°38´W Dillon South Carolina, SE USA 34°25´N 79°22´W Dillon Lake d Ohio, N USA Dilly see Dili Dilman see Salmās Dilolo Katanga, S Dem. Rep. Congo 10°42´S 22°21´E

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

43°01´N 22°46´E Dimitrovo see Pernik Dimlang see Vogel Peak Dimmitt Texas, SW USA 34°32´N 102°20´W Dimovo Vidin, NW Bulgaria 43°46´N 22°47´E Dimpolis Acre, W Brazil 09°52´S 71°51´W Dimyliá Ródos, Dodekánisa, Greece, Aegean Sea 36°17´N 27°59´E Dinagat Island island S Philippines Dinajpur Rajshahi, NW Bangladesh 25°38´N 88°40´E Dinan Côtes d’Armor, NW France 48°27´N 02°02´W Dinant Namur, S Belgium 50°16´N 04°55´E Dinar Afyon, SW Turkey 38°05´N 30°09´E Dinara l W Croatia 43°49´N 16°42´E Dinara see Dinaric Alps Dinard Ille-et-Vilaine, NW France 48°38´N 02°04´W Dinaric Alps var. Dinara. m Bosnia and Herzegovina/ Croatia Dīnār, Kūh-e l C Iran 30°51´N 51°36´E Dinbych see Denbigh Dindigul Tamil Nādu, SE India 10°23´N 78°E Dindiza Gaza, S Mozambique 23°22´S 33°28´E Dinga Bandundu, SW Dem. Rep. Congo 05°00´S 16°29´E Dinga Punjab, E Pakistan 32°38´N 73°45´E Dingchang see Qinxian Dinggyê var. Gyangkar. Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 28°18´N 88°06´E Dingle Ir. An Daingean. SW Ireland 52°09´N 10°16´W Dingle Bay Ir. Bá an Daingin. bay SW Ireland

181 X11 Dirranbandi Queensland, E Australia 28°37´S 148°13´E Dirri see Derri Dirschau see Tczew 37 N6 Dirty Devil River j Utah, W USA 32 E10 Disappointment, Cape headland Washington, NW USA 46°16´N 124°06´W 180 L8 Disappointment, Lake salt lake Western Australia 183 R12 Disaster Bay bay New South Wales, SE Australia 44 J11 Discovery Bay C Jamaica 18°27´N 77°24´W

182 K13 Discovery Bay inlet SE Australia 67 Y15 Discovery II Fracture Zone tectonic feature SW Indian Ocean Discovery Seamount/ Discovery Seamounts see Discovery Tablemounts 65 O19 Discovery Tablemounts var. Discovery Seamount, Discovery Seamounts. undersea feature SW Atlantic Ocean 42°00´S 00°10´E 108 G9 Disentis Rmsch. Mustér. Graubünden, S Switzerland 46°43´N 08°52´E

39 O10 Dishna River j Alaska, USA 148 K10 Dīshū var. Deshu; prev. Deh Shū. Helmand, S Afghanistan

195 X4 28 M14 99 L19 153 V12 15 R11 115 F18

59 L18 41 P14 54 L4

116 J10

154 B12 109 S13 102 K5 33 Q11 83 N18 59 L20 127 N13

18 I13 Dingmans Ferry Pennsylvania, NE USA

76 M17

101 N22 Dingolfing Bayern, SE Germany 48°37´N 12°28´E 171 O1 Dingras Luzon, N Philippines

137 N13

41°12´N 74°51´W

76 J13 96 I8 159 V10 161 Q7 161 O3 167 U6 167 T13 100 E13 101 J21

35 R11

99 G18 Dilbeek Vlaams Brabant, C Belgium 50°51´N 04°16´E 171 Q16 Dili var. Dilli, Dilly. a (East Timor) N East Timor

79 K24

54°14´N 49°37´E

113 Q15 Dimitrovgrad prev. Caribrod. Serbia, SE Serbia

73°30´N 80°35´E

12°00´N 13°57´E

31 T13

06°43´N 04°46´W

182 L11 Dimboola Victoria, SE Australia 36°29´S 142°03´E Dîmbovia see Dâmbovia Dimitrov see Dymytrov 114 K11 Dimitrovgrad Haskovo, S Bulgaria 42°03´N 25°36´E 127 R5 Dimitrovgrad Ul’yanovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation

101 D14

81 J15 Dīla Southern Nationalities, S Ethiopia 06°19´N 38°16´E 148 L7 Dilārām prev. Delārām. Nīmrōz, SW Afghanistan

21 T12

46°53´N 96°38´W

138 H7 Dimashq var. Ash Shām, Esh Sham, Eng. Damascus, Fr. Damas, It. Damasco. a (Syria) Rīf Dimashq, SW Syria 33°30´N 36°19´E 138 I7 Dimashq k Rīf Dimashq, S Syria 33°30´N 36°19´E Dimashq, Muḩāfaat see Rīf Dimashq 79 L21 Dimbelenge KasaiOccidental, C Dem. Rep. Congo 05°36´S 23°04´E 77 N16 Dimbokro E Ivory Coast

51°02´N 02°52´E

Dikson Krasnoyarskiy Kray, N Russian Federation

115 K25 Díkti var. Dhíkti Ori. m Kríti, Greece, E Mediterranean Sea 77 Z13 Dikwa Borno, NE Nigeria

33 Q12

115 J20 Dílos island Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea 141 Y11 Ḑil‘, Ra’s aḑ headland E Oman 19°12´N 57°53´E 29 R5 Dilworth Minnesota, N USA

21 W7 98 N13

76 M12 115 F14 115 G19 76 G12 77 N11 76 G11 152 L10 121 R1 149 R17 171 P7

185 C23 77 O10 80 L13 115 H18 75 N9 180 G10 77 Y8

18°06´N 120°43´E Dinguiraye N Guinea 11°19´N 10°49´W Dingwall N Scotland, United Kingdom 57°36´N 04°26´W Dingxi Gansu, C China 35°36´N 104°33´E Ding Xian see Dingzhou Dingyuan Anhui, E China 32°30´N 117°40´E Dingzhou prev. Ding Xian. Hebei, E China 38°31´N 114°52´E Ðinh Lâp Lang Sn, N Vietnam 21°33´N 107°03´E Ðinh Quan var. Tân Phu. Ðông Nai, S Vietnam 11°11´N 107°20´E Dinkel j Germany/ Netherlands Dinkelsbühl Bayern, S Germany 49°06´N 10°18´E Dinslaken NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 51°34´N 06°43´E Dinuba California, W USA 36°32´N 119°23´W Dinwiddie Virginia, NE USA 37°02´N 77°40´W Dinxperlo Gelderland, E Netherlands 51°51´N 06°30´E Dio see Díon Diófás see Nucet Dioïla Koulikoro, W Mali 12°28´N 06°43´W Díon var. Dio; anc. Dium. site of ancient city Kentrikí Makedonía, N Greece Dióryga Korinthou Eng. Corinth Canal. canal S Greece Diouloulou SW Senegal 13°00´N 16°34´W Dioura Mopti, W Mali 14°48´N 05°20´W Diourbel W Senegal 14°39´N 16°12´W Dipāyal Far Western, W Nepal 29°09´N 80°46´E Dipkarpaz Gk. Rizokarpaso, Rizokárpason. NE Cyprus 35°36´N 34°23´E Diplo Sind, SE Pakistan 24°29´N 69°36´E Dipolog var. Dipolog City. Mindanao, S Philippines 08°31´N 123°20´E Dipolog City see Dipolog Dipton Southland, South Island, New Zealand 45°55´S 168°21´E Diré Tombouctou, C Mali 16°12´N 03°31´W Dirē Dawa Dirē Dawa, E Ethiopia 09°35´N 41°53´E Dirfis see Dírfys Dírfys var. Dirfis. m Évvioa, C Greece Dirj var. Daraj, Darj. W Libya 30°09´N 10°26´E Dirk Hartog Island island Western Australia Dirkou Agadez, NE Niger 18°45´N 13°00´E

Administrative Regions International Airport

14 J10 14 M8

35 N7 30 L10 20 I6 27 V6 37 S9 39 Y15 18 D14 137 T13 139 V7

139 V5

137 P15 137 P15 79 F16 77 X7 77 X6

79 G20

74 M9 74 M11

78 I10 74 J6 79 M14

77 N12

30°28´N 63°21´E Disko Bugt see Qeqertarsuup Tunua Dismal Mountains m Antarctica Dismal River j Nebraska, C USA Disna see Dzisna Dison Liège, E Belgium 50°37´N 05°52´E Dispur state capital Assam, NE India 26°03´N 91°52´E Disraeli Québec, SE Canada 45°58´N 71°21´W Dístomo prev. Dhístomon. Stereá Elláda, C Greece 38°25´N 22°40´E Dístos, Límni see Dýstos, Límni Distrito Federal Eng. Federal District. r federal district C Brazil Distrito Federal r federal district S Mexico Distrito Federal off. Territorio Distrito Federal. r federal district N Venezuela Distrito Federal, Territorio see Distrito Federal Ditrău Hung. Ditró. Harghita, C Romania 46°49´N 25°31´E Ditró see Ditrău Diu Damān and Diu, W India 20°42´N 70°59´E Dium see Díon Divača SW Slovenia 45°40´N 13°58´E Dives j N France Divide Montana, NW USA 45°44´N 112°47´W Divin see Dzivin Divinhe Sofala, E Mozambique 20°41´S 34°46´E Divinópolis Minas Gerais, SE Brazil 20°08´S 44°55´W Divnoye Stavropol’skiy Kray, SW Russian Federation 45°54´N 43°18´E Divo S Ivory Coast 05°50´N 05°22´W Divodurum Mediomatricum see Metz Divriği Sivas, C Turkey 39°23´N 38°06´E Diwaniyah see Ad Dīwānīyah Dix Milles, Lac c Québec, SE Canada Dix Milles, Lac des c Québec, SE Canada Dixmude/Dixmuide see Diksmuide Dixon California, W USA 38°19´N 121°49´W Dixon Illinois, N USA 41°51´N 89°26´W Dixon Kentucky, S USA 37°30´N 87°39´W Dixon Missouri, C USA 37°59´N 92°05´W Dixon New Mexico, SW USA 36°10´N 105°49´W Dixon Entrance strait Canada/USA Dixonville Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°43´N 79°01´W Diyadin Ağrı, E Turkey 39°33´N 43°41´E Diyālá off. Muḩāfaᶎat Diyālá, var. Ba‘qūbah. r governorate E Iraq Diyālá, Muḩāfaᶎat see Diyālá Diyālá, Nahr see Sīrvān, Rūdkhāneh-ye Diyālá, Sirwan Nahr var. Rudkhaneh-ye Sīrvān, Sīrwān. j Iran/Iraq see also Sīrvān, Rudkhaneh-ye Diyarbakır var. Diarbekr; anc. Amida. Diyarbakır, SE Turkey 37°55´N 40°14´E Diyarbakır var. Diarbekr. r province SE Turkey Dizful see Dezfūl Dja j SE Cameroon Djadié see Zadié Djado Agadez, NE Niger 21°00´N 12°11´E Djado, Plateau du m NE Niger Djailolo see Halmahera, Pulau Djajapura see Jayapura Djakarta see Jakarta Djakovo see Ðakovo Djambala Plateaux, C Congo 02°32´S 14°43´E Djambi see Hari, Batang Djambi see Jambi Djanet E Algeria 28°43´N 08°57´E Djanet prev. Fort Charlet. SE Algeria 24°34´N 09°33´E Djaul see Dyaul Island Djawa see Jawa Djéblé see Jablah Djédaa Batha, C Chad 13°31´N 18°34´E Djelfa var. El Djelfa. N Algeria 34°43´N 03°14´E Djéma Haut-Mbomou, E Central African Republic 06°04´N 25°20´E Djember see Jember Djeneponto see Jeneponto Djenné var. Jenné. Mopti, C Mali 13°55´N 04°31´W

Mountain Mountain Range

Volcano River

Djérablous see Jarābulus Djerba see Jerba, Île de 79 F15 Djérem j C Cameroon Djevdjelija see Gevgelija 77 P11 Djibo N Burkina Faso 14°09´N 01°38´W

80 L12 Djibouti var. Jibuti. a (Djibouti) E Djibouti 11°33´N 42°55´E

80 L12 Djibouti off. Republic of Djibouti, var. Jibuti; prev. French Somaliland, French Territory of the Afars and Issas, Fr. Côte Française des Somalis, Territoire Français des Afars et des Issas. b republic E Africa 80 L12 Djibouti k C Djibouti 11°29´N 42°54´E

55 79 79

79 77 79 78 79

92 94

197 126

126

126

117

86 117

116

117

117

117

117

117

117

117 124

119

13 78 118 101 171 110

81

Djibouti, Republic of see Djibouti Djidjel/Djidjelli see Jijel Djidji see Ivando W10 Djoemoe Sipaliwini, C Suriname 04°00´N 55°27´W Djokjakarta see Yogyakarta K21 Djoku-Punda KasaiOccidental, S Dem. Rep. Congo 05°27´S 20°58´E K18 Djolu Equateur, N Dem. Rep. Congo 0°35´N 22°30´E Djombang see Jombang Ďjorče Petrov see Ðorče Petrov F17 Djoua j Congo/Gabon R14 Djougou W Benin 09°42´N 01°38´E F16 Djoum Sud, S Cameroon 02°38´N 12°51´E I8 Djourab, Erg du desert N Chad P17 Djugu Orientale, NE Dem. Rep. Congo 01°55´N 30°31´E Djumbir see Ďumbier L3 Djúpivogur Austurland, SE Iceland 64°40´N 14°18´W L13 Djura Dalarna, C Sweden 60°37´N 15°00´E Djurdjevac see Ðurđevac D’Kar see Dekar U6 Dmitriya Lapteva, Proliv strait N Russian Federation J7 Dmitriyev-L’govskiy Kurskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 52°08´N 35°09´E Dmitriyevsk see Makiyivka K3 Dmitrov Moskovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 56°23´N 37°30´E Dmitrovichi see Dzmitravichy J6 Dmitrovsk-Orlovskiy Orlovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 52°28´N 35°01´E R3 Dmytrivka Chernihivs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 50°56´N 32°57´E Dnepr see Dnieper Dneprodzerzhinsk see Romaniv Dneprodzerzhinskoye Vodokhranilishche see Dniprodzerzhyns’ke Vodoskhovyshche Dnepropetrovsk see Dnipropetrovs’k Dnepropetrovskaya Oblast’ see Dnipropetrovs’ka Oblast’ Dneprorudnoye see Dniprorudne Dneprovskiy Liman see Dniprovs’kyy Lyman Dneprovsko-Bugskiy Kanal see DnyaprowskaBuhski Kanal Dnestr see Dniester Dnestrovskiy Liman see Dnistrovs’kyy Lyman H11 Dnieper Bel. Dnyapro, Rus. Dnepr, Ukr. Dnipro. j E Europe P3 Dnieper Lowland Bel. Prydnyaprowskaya Nizina, Ukr. Prydniprovs’ka Nyzovyna. lowlands Belarus/ Ukraine M8 Dniester Rom. Nistru, Rus. Dnestr, Ukr. Dnister; anc. Tyras. j Moldova/Ukraine Dnipro see Dnieper Dniprodzerzhyns’k see Romaniv T7 Dniprodzerzhyns’ke Vodoskhovyshche Rus. Dneprodzerzhinskoye Vodokhranilishche. d C Ukraine U7 Dnipropetrovs’k Rus. Dnepropetrovsk; prev. Yekaterinoslav. Dnipropetrovs’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 48°28´N 35°E U8 Dnipropetrovs’k k Dnipropetrovs’ka Oblast’, S Ukraine 48°20´N 35°04´E Dnipropetrovs’k see Dnipropetrovs’ka Oblast’ T7 Dnipropetrovs’ka Oblast’ var. Dnipropetrovs’k, Rus. Dnepropetrovskaya Oblast’. r province E Ukraine U9 Dniprorudne Rus. Dneprorudnoye. Zaporiz’ka Oblast’, SE Ukraine 47°21´N 35°00´E Q11 Dniprovs’kyy Lyman Rus. Dneprovskiy Liman. bay S Ukraine Dnister see Dniester O11 Dnistrovs’kyy Lyman Rus. Dnestrovskiy Liman. inlet S Ukraine G14 Dno Pskovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 57°48´N 29°58´E Dnyapro see Dnieper H20 Dnyaprowska-Buhski Kanal Rus. DneprovskoBugskiy Kanal. canal SW Belarus O14 Doaktown New Brunswick, SE Canada 46°34´N 66°06´W H13 Doba Logone-Oriental, S Chad 08°40´N 16°50´E E9 Dobele Ger. Doblen. W Latvia 56°36´N 23°14´E N16 Döbeln Sachsen, E Germany 51°07´N 13°07´E U12 Doberai, Jazirah Dut. Vogelkop. peninsula Papua Barat, E Indonesia F10 Dobiegniew Ger. Lubuskie, Woldenberg Neumark. Lubuskie, W Poland 52°58´N 15°43´E Doblen see Dobele K18 Dobli spring/well SW Somalia 0°24´N 41°18´E

Lake Reservoir

112 H11 Doboj Republiks Srpska, N Bosnia and Herzegovina 44°45´N 18°03´E

143 R12 Doborjī var. Fūrg. Fārs, S Iran 28°16´N 55°13´E 110 L8 Dobre Miasto Ger. Guttstadt. Warmińskomazurskie, NE Poland 53°59´N 20°25´E

114 N7 Dobrich Rom. Bazargic; prev. Tolbukhin. Dobrich, NE Bulgaria 43°35´N 27°49´E 114 N7 Dobrich r province NE Bulgaria 126 M8 Dobrinka Lipetskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 52°10´N 40°30´E

126 M7 Dobrinka Volgogradskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 50°52´N 41°48´E Dobrla Vas see Eberndorf 111 I15 Dobrodzień Ger. Guttentag. Opolskie, S Poland 50°43´N 18°24´E

Dobrogea see Dobruja 117 W7 Dobropillya Rus. Dobropol’ye. Donets’ka Oblast’, SE Ukraine 48°25´N 37°02´E

Dobropol’ye see Dobropillya Dobrovelychkivka Kirovohrads’ka Oblast’, C Ukraine 48°22´N 31°12´E Dobrudja/Dobrudzha see Dobruja 114 O7 Dobruja var. Dobrudja, Bul. Dobrudzha, Rom. Dobrogea. physical region Bulgaria/ Romania 119 P19 Dobrush Homyel’skaya Voblasts’, SE Belarus 117 P8

52°25´N 31°19´E

125 U14 Dobryanka Permskiy Kray, NW Russian Federation 117 P2

58°28´N 56°27´E

Dobryanka Chernihivs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine

52°03´N 31°09´E Dobryn’ see Dabryn’ Dobson North Carolina, SE USA 36°25´N 80°45´W 59 N20 Doce, Rio j SE Brazil 93 I16 Docksta Västernorrland, C Sweden 63°06´N 18°22´E 41 N10 Doctor Arroyo Nuevo León, NE Mexico 23°40´N 100°09´W

21 R8

62 L4

171 S11 155 G21 115 M22

26 J6 30 K9 97 H25 81 J14 81 H22 81 H22 115 C16 33 U7 25 P3 98 M12 98 N12 158 L12 137 N15 84 E9 23 S10 14 C7 106 B9 164 H11 143 N10

77 S12 137 T13

Doctor Pedro P. Peña

Boquerón, W Paraguay 22°22´S 62°23´W Dodaga Pulau Halmahera, E Indonesia 01°06´N 128°10´E Dodda Betta l S India 11°28´N 76°44´E Dodecanese see Dodekánisa Dodekánisa var. Nóties Sporádes, Eng. Dodecanese; prev. Dhodhekánisos, Dodekanisos. island group SE Greece Dodekanisos see Dodekánisa Dodge City Kansas, C USA 37°45´N 100°01´W Dodgeville Wisconsin, N USA 42°57´N 90°08´W Dodman Point headland SW England, United Kingdom 50°13´N 04°47´W Dodola Oromīya, C Ethiopia 07°00´N 39°15´E Dodoma a (Tanzania) Dodoma, C Tanzania 06°11´S 35°45´E Dodoma r region C Tanzania Dodóni var. Dhodhóni. site of ancient city Ípeiros, W Greece Dodson Montana, NW USA 48°25´N 108°18´W Dodson Texas, SW USA 34°46´N 100°01´W Doesburg Gelderland, E Netherlands 52°01´N 06°08´E Doetinchem Gelderland, E Netherlands 51°58´N 06°17´E Dogai Coring var. Lake Montcalm. c W China Doğanşehir Malatya, C Turkey 38°07´N 37°54´E Dogger Bank undersea feature C North Sea 55°00´N 03°00´E Dog Island island Florida, SE USA Dog Lake c Ontario, S Canada Dogliani Piemonte, NE Italy 44°33´N 07°55´E Dōgo island Oki-shotō, SW Japan Do Gonbadān var. Dow Gonbadān, Gonbadān. Kohkīlūyeh va Būyer AḨmad, SW Iran 30°12´N 50°48´E Dogondoutchi Dosso, SW Niger 13°36´N 04°03´E Doğubayazıt Ağrı, E Turkey 39°33´N 44°07´E

137 P12 Doğu Karadeniz Dağları var. Anadolu Dağları. m NE Turkey 158 K16 Dogxung Zangbo j W China Doha see Ad Dawḩah Doha see Ad Dawḩah Dohad see Dāhod Dohuk see Dahūk Dohuk see Dahūk 159 N16 Doilungdêqên var. Namka. Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 29°41´N 90°58´E

114 F12 Doïráni, Límni var. Limni Doïranis, Bul. Ezero Doyransko. c N Greece Doire see Londonderry 99 H22 Doische Namur, S Belgium 50°09´N 04°43´E

59 P17 Dois de Julho k (Salvador) Bahia, NE Brazil 12°04´S 38°58´W

60 H12 Dois Vizinhos Paraná, S Brazil 25°47´S 53°03´W 80 H10 Doka Gedaref, E Sudan

13°30´N 35°47´E Doka see Kéita, Bahr Dokan see Dûkan 94 H13 Dokka Oppland, S Norway 60°49´N 10°04´E 98 L5 Dokkum Fryslân, N Netherlands 53°20´N 06°E

Dokkumer Ee j N Netherlands 76 K13 Doko NE Guinea 98 L5

11°46´N 08°58´W

Dokshitsy see Dokshytsy 118 K13 Dokshytsy Rus. Dokshitsy. Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’, N Belarus 54°54´N 27°46´E 117 X8 Dokuchayevs’k var. Dokuchayevsk. Donets’ka Oblast’, SE Ukraine 47°43´N 37°41´E

243

Dokuchayevsk – Duchcov 29 P9

Dokuchayevsk see Dokuchayevs’k Dolak, Pulau see Yos Sudarso, Pulau Doland South Dakota, N USA

44°51´N 98°06´W 63 J18 Dolavón Chaco, S Argentina 43°16´S 65°44´W 15 P6 Dolbeau Québec, SE Canada 48°52´N 72°15´W 15 P6 Dolbeau-Mistassini Québec, SE Canada 48°54´N 72°13´W 102 I5 Dol-de-Bretagne Illeet-Vilaine, NW France 48°33´N 01°45´W

64 J13 Doldrums Fracture Zone tectonic feature W Atlantic Ocean 103 S8 Dôle Jura, E France 47°05´N 05°30´E

97 J19 Dolgellau NW Wales, United Kingdom 52°45´N 03°54´W Dolginovo see Dawhinava Dolgi, Ostrov see Dolgiy, Ostrov 125 U2 Dolgiy, Ostrov var. Ostrov Dolgi. island NW Russian Federation 162 J9 Dölgöön Övörhangay, C Mongolia 45°57´N 103°14´E 107 C20 Dolianova Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 123 T13

79 F21 116 G14 98 P5 194 J5 114 K8

114 N9 114 I8

114 F8 129 F14 111 K18 106 H8

106 H6

61 E21 42 E3 171 Q5 105 S12 61 D19 41 N12

39°23´N 09°08´E Dolina see Dolyna Dolinsk Ostrov Sakhalin, Sakhalinskaya Oblast’, SE Russian Federation 47°20´N 142°52´E Dolinskaya see Dolyns’ka Dolisie prev. Loubomo. Niari, S Congo 04°12´S 12°41´E Dolj r county SW Romania Dollard bay NW Germany Dolleman Island island Antarctica Dolna Oryahovitsa var. Dolna Oryakhovits. Veliko Tarnovo, N Bulgaria 43°09´N 25°44´E Dolna Oryakhovits see Dolna Oryahovitsa Dolni Chiflik Varna, E Bulgaria 42°59´N 27°43´E Dolni Dabnik var. Dolni Dŭbnik. Pleven, N Bulgaria 43°24´N 24°25´E Dolni Dŭbnik see Dolni Dabnik Dolni Lom Vidin, NW Bulgaria 43°31´N 22°46´E Dolnja Lendava see Lendava Dolnośląskie r province SW Poland Dolný Kubín Hung. Alsókubin. Zílinský Kraj, N Slovakia 49°12´N 19°17´E Dolo Veneto, NE Italy 45°25´N 12°06´E Dolomites/Dolomiti see Dolomitiche, Alpi Dolomitiche, Alpi var. Dolomiti, Eng. Dolomites. m NE Italy Dolonnur see Duolun Doloon see Tsogt-Ovoo Dolores Buenos Aires, E Argentina 36°21´S 57°39´W Dolores Petén, N Guatemala 16°33´N 89°26´W Dolores Samar, C Philippines 12°01´N 125°27´E Dolores Valenciana, E Spain 38°09´N 00°45´W Dolores Soriano, SW Uruguay 33°34´S 58°15´W Dolores Hidalgo var. Ciudad de Dolores Hidalgo. Guanajuato, C Mexico 21°10´N 100°55´W

Dolphin and Union Strait strait Northwest Territories/ Nunavut, N Canada 65 D23 Dolphin, Cape headland East Falkland, Falkland Islands 8

J7

51°15´S 58°57´W

44 H12 Dolphin Head hill W Jamaica 83 B21 Dolphin Head var. Cape Dernberg. headland SW Namibia 25°33´S 14°36´E 110 G12 Dolsk Ger. Dolzig. Weilkopolskie, C Poland 167 S8 116 I6 117 R8

117 P9

94 G10 83 M17 82 A13 103 R10 111 I25 99 D14 58 L13

103 O11

Dombarovskiy Orenburgskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation

50°53´N 59°18´E Dombås Oppland, S Norway 62°04´N 09°07´E Dombe Manica, C Mozambique 19°59´S 33°24´E Dombe Grande Benguela, C Angola 12°57´S 13°07´E Dombes physical region E France Dombóvár Tolna, S Hungary 46°24´N 18°09´E Domburg Zeeland, SW Netherlands 51°34´N 03°30´E Dom Eliseu Pará, NE Brazil 04°02´S 47°31´W Domel Island see Letsôk-aw Kyun Dôme, Puy de l C France 45°46´N 03°00´E

36 H13 Dome Rock Mountains m Arizona, SW USA Domesnes, Cape see Kolkasrags 62 G8 Domeyko Atacama, N Chile 28°58´S 70°54´W

62 H5 Domeyko, Cordillera m N Chile 102 K5 Domfront Orne, N France 48°35´N 00°39´W

171 X13 Dom, Gunung l Papua, E Indonesia 02°41´S 137°00´E 45 X11 Dominica off. Commonwealth of Dominica. b republic E West Indies

244

43 N15 45 Q8 45 X11 99 K14 81 O14

Dominica island Dominica Dominica Channel see Martinique Passage Dominica, Commonwealth of see Dominica Dominical Puntarenas, SE Costa Rica 09°16´N 83°52´W Dominican Republic b republic C West Indies Dominica Passage passage E Caribbean Sea Dommel j S Netherlands Domo Sumalē, E Ethiopia

55°19´N 37°55´E

Domodossola Piemonte, NE Italy 46°07´N 08°20´E 115 F17 Domokós var. Dhomokós. Stereá Elláda, C Greece 106 C6

39°07´N 22°18´E 172 I14 Domoni Anjouan, SE Comoros 12°15´S 44°39´E 61 G16 Dom Pedrito Rio Grande do Sul, S Brazil 31°00´S 54°40´W Dompoe see Dompu 170 M16 Dompu prev. Dompoe. Sumbawa, C Indonesia 08°30´S 118°28´E Domschale see Domžale

62 H13 Domuyo, Volcán i W Argentina 36°36´S 70°22´W

109 U11 Domžale Ger. Domschale. C Slovenia 46°09´N 14°33´E 127 O10 Don var. Duna, Tanais. j SW Russian Federation 96 K9 Don j NE Scotland, United Kingdom 182 M11 Donald Victoria, SE Australia 36°27´S 143°03´E

Donaldsonville Louisiana, S USA 30°06´N 90°59´W Donalsonville Georgia, SE USA 31°02´N 84°52´W Donau see Danube 101 G23 Donaueschingen BadenWürttemberg, SW Germany 22 J9

23 S8

101 K22 101 K22 109 U7 117 X7 104 K11 97 M17

47°57´N 08°30´E Donaumoos wetland S Germany Donauwörth Bayern, S Germany 48°43´N 10°46´E Donawitz Steiermark, SE Austria 47°23´N 15°00´E Donbass industrial region Russian Federation/Ukraine Don Benito Extremadura, W Spain 38°57´N 05°52´W Doncaster anc. Danum. N England, United Kingdom 53°32´N 01°07´W

44 K12 Don Christophers Point headland C Jamaica 55 V9 82 B12 171 O12 83 N17 155 K26 116 M8

97 D15 97 D14 97 C15 84 K10 117 X8 117 W8

117 W8

67 P8 157 O13 161 Q14

99 I14 160 K17 163 Z7

83 C14 Dongo Huíla, C Angola

18°19´N 76°48´W Donderkamp Sipaliwini, NW Suriname 05°18´N 56°22´W Dondo Kwanza Norte, NW Angola 09°40´S 14°24´E Dondo Sulawesi, N Indonesia 0°54´S 121°33´E Dondo Sofala, C Mozambique 19°41´S 34°45´E Dondra Head headland S Sri Lanka 05°57´N 80°33´E Dondușani see Donduşeni Donduşeni var. Dondușani, Rus. Dondyushany. N Moldova 48°13´N 27°38´E Dondyushany see Donduşeni Donegal Ir. Dún na nGall. Donegal, NW Ireland 54°39´N 08°06´W Donegal Ir. Dún na nGall. cultural region NW Ireland Donegal Bay Ir. Bá Dhún na nGall. bay NW Ireland Donets j Russian Federation/Ukraine Donets’k Rus. Donetsk; prev. Stalino. Donets’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 47°58´N 37°50´E Donets’k k Donets’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 48°03´N 37°44´E Donets’k see Donets’ka Oblast’ Donets’ka Oblast’ var. Donets’k, Rus. Donetskaya Oblast’; prev. Rus. Stalins’kaya Oblast’. r province SE Ukraine Donetskaya Oblast’ see Donets’ka Oblast’ Donga j Cameroon/Nigeria Dongchuan Yunnan, SW China 26°09´N 103°10´E Dongchuan Dao prev. Dongshan Dao. island SE China Dong Dao see Lincoln Island Dongen Noord-Brabant, S Netherlands 51°38´N 04°56´E Dongfang var. Basuo. Hainan, S China 19°05´N 108°40´E

Dongfanghong Heilongjiang, NE China 46°13´N 133°13´E

163 W11 Dongfeng Jilin, NE China

161 S13 161 R7 161 N10 161 P10 167 T13 161 Q4 27 X8

10 G7 112 E11 112 H8 112 P12 112 G12

98 M6 167 P11 25 S17 15 Q10 29 Y16 11 O13 35 P6 101 F19

105 P2 115 K21

35 P8 126 L5 81 L16 39 Q7 98 J12 31 N6 80 P13 106 B7 180 K7 106 A8

113 N18 14 F16 97 L24 9

P7

83 D19 102 L12 103 N12 98 H13

42°39´N 125°33´E

171 N12 Donggala Sulawesi, C Indonesia 0°40´S 119°44´E 163 V13 Donggang var. Dadong; prev. Donggou. Liaoning, NE China 39°52´N 124°08´E Donggou see Donggang 161 O14 Dongguan Guangdong, S China 23°03´N 113°43´E 167 T9 Ðông Ha Quang Tri, C Vietnam 16°45´N 107°10´E 163 Y14 Donghae prev. Tonghae. NE South Korea 37°26´N 129°09´E

103 P11 11 S13 103 O12 101 M23 107 D18 159 N11

Dong Hai see East China Sea 160 M16 Donghai Dao island S China Dong He see Omon Gol Donghe see Wangcang 167 T9 Ðông Hi Quang Binh, C Vietnam 17°32´N 106°35´E Donghua see Huating Donghuang see Xishui 108 H10 Dongio Ticino, S Switzerland

162 E6

Dongkan see Binhai 160 L11 Dongkou Hunan, S China

103 P4

46°27´N 08°58´E

27°06´N 110°35´E 167 S8 Ðông Lê Quang Binh, C Vietnam 17°52´N 105°49´E Dongliao see Liaoyuan Dong-nai see Ðông Nai, Sông 167 U13 Ðông Nai, Sông var. Dongnai, Dong Noi, Donnai. j S Vietnam 161 N14 Dongnan Qiuling plateau SE China 163 Y9 Dongning Heilongjiang, NE China 44°01´N 131°03´E Dong Noi see Ðông Nai, Sông

Country Country Capital

14°35´S 15°51´E

Dongola var. Donqola, Dunqulah. Northern, N Sudan 19°10´N 30°27´E 79 I17 Dongou Likouala, NE Congo 80 E7

07°53´N 46°55´E

Domodedovo k (Moskva) Moskovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation

126 L4

51°59´N 17°03´E

Ðô Lng Nghê An, N Vietnam 18°51´N 105°19´E Dolyna Rus. Dolina. Ivano-Frankivs’ka Oblast’, W Ukraine 48°58´N 24°01´E Dolyns’ka Rus. Dolinskaya. Kirovohrads’ka Oblast’, S Ukraine 48°06´N 32°46´E Dolzig see Dolsk Domachëvo/Domaczewo see Damachava Domanivka Mykolayivs’ka Oblast’, S Ukraine

47°40´N 30°56´E 153 S13 Domar Rajshahi, N Bangladesh 26°08´N 88°57´E 108 I9 Domat/Ems Graubünden, SE Switzerland 46°50´N 09°28´E 111 A18 Domažlice Ger. Taus. Plzeňský Kraj, W Czech Republic 49°26´N 12°54´E

127 X8

47 S3

162 F7 77 Q12 83 E24 101 E16

108 E6

108 J7 96 I7 96 J7 163 P7

02°05´N 18°E Ðông Phu see Ðông Xoai Dongping see Anhua Dong Rak, Phanom see Dângrêk, Chuŏr Phnum Dongshan Dao see Dongchuan Dao Dongsha Qundao see Tungsha Tao Dongsheng see Ordos Dongshi Jap. Tōsei; prev. Tungshih. N Taiwan 24°13´N 120°54´E Dongtai Jiangsu, E China 32°50´N 120°22´E Dongting Hu var. Tungt’ing Hu. c S China Dongxiang var. Xiaogang. Jiangxi, S China 28°16´N 116°32´E Ðông Xoai var. Ðông Phu. Sông Be, S Vietnam 11°31´N 106°55´E Dongying Shandong, E China 37°27´N 118°01´E Doniphan Missouri, C USA 36°39´N 90°51´W Donja užica see Niederlausitz Donjek j Yukon, W Canada Donji Lapac Lika-Senj, W Croatia 44°33´N 15°58´E Donji Miholjac OsijekBaranja, NE Croatia 45°45´N 18°10´E Donji Milanovac Serbia, E Serbia 44°27´N 22°06´E Donji Vakuf var. Srbobran. r  Federacija Bosne I Hercegovine, C Bosnia and Herzegovina Donkerbroek Fryslân, N Netherlands 52°58´N 05°15´E Don Muang k (Krung Thep) Nonthaburi, C Thailand 13°51´N 100°40´E Donna Texas, SW USA 26°10´N 98°03´W Donnacona Québec, SE Canada 46°41´N 71°46´W Donnai see Ðông Nai, Sông Donnellson Iowa, C USA 40°38´N 91°33´W Donnelly Alberta, W Canada 55°42´N 117°06´W Donner Pass Pass California, W USA Donnersberg l W Germany 49°37´N 07°54´E Donoso see Miguel de la Borda

Donostia-San Sebastián País Vasco, N Spain 43°19´N 01°59´W Donoúsa var. Donoússa. island Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea Donoússa see Donoúsa Don Pedro Reservoir d California, W USA Donqola see Dongola Donskoy Tul’skaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 54°02´N 38°27´E Doolow Sumalē, E Ethiopia 04°10´N 42°05´E Doonerak, Mount l Alaska, USA 67°54´N 150°33´W Doorn Utrecht, C Netherlands 52°02´N 05°21´E Doornik see Tournai Door Peninsula peninsula Wisconsin, N USA Dooxo Nugaaleed var. Nogal Valley. valley E Somalia Do Qu see Da Qu Dora Baltea anc. Duria Major. j NW Italy Dora, Lake salt lake Western Australia Dora Riparia anc. Duria Minor. j NW Italy Dorbiljin see Emin Dorbod/Dorbod Mongolzu Zizhixian see Taikang Dorbod Mongolzu Zizhixian see Taikang Ðorče Petrov var. Ďjorče Petrov, Gorče Petrov. N Macedonia 42°01´N 21°21´E Dorchester Ontario, S Canada 43°00´N 81°04´W Dorchester anc. Durnovaria. S England, United Kingdom 50°43´N 02°26´W Dorchester, Cape headland Baffin Island, Nunavut, NE Canada 65°25´N 77°25´W Dordabis Khomas, C Namibia 22°57´S 17°39´E Dordogne r department SW France Dordogne j W France Dordrecht var. Dordt, Dort. Zuid-Holland, SW Netherlands 51°48´N 04°40´E Dordt see Dordrecht Dore j C France Doré Lake Saskatchewan, C Canada 54°37´N 107°36´W Dore, Monts m C France Dorfen Bayern, SE Germany 48°16´N 12°06´E Dorgali Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 40°18´N 09°34´E Dorgê Co var. Elsen Nur. c C China Dörgön var. Seer. Hovd, W Mongolia 48°18´N 92°37´E Dörgön Nuur c NW Mongolia Dori N Burkina Faso 14°03´N 00°02´W Doring j S South Africa Dormagen NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 51°06´N 06°49´E Dormans Marne, N France 49°03´N 03°44´E Dornach Solothurn, NW Switzerland 47°29´N 07°37´E Dorna Watra see Vatra Dornei Dornbirn Vorarlberg, W Austria 47°25´N 09°46´E Dornoch N Scotland, United Kingdom 57°52´N 04°01´W Dornoch Firth inlet N Scotland, United Kingdom Dornod r province E Mongolia

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

163 N10 Dornogovĭ r province SE Mongolia 77 P10 Doro Tombouctou, S Mali 16°07´N 00°57´W

116 L14 Dorobanu Călărași, S Romania 44°15´N 26°55´E 111 J22 Dorog Komárom-Esztergom, N Hungary 47°43´N 18°42´E 126 I4 Dorogobuzh Smolenskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 116 K8 93 H15 180 G10 183 U5 35 N1 14 H13 97 K23 101 E14

101 F15

54°56´N 33°16´E Dorohoi Botoșani, NE Romania 47°57´N 26°24´E Dorotea Västerbotten, N Sweden 64°17´N 16°30´E Dorpat see Tartu Dorre Island island Western Australia Dorrigo New South Wales, SE Australia 30°22´S 152°43´E Dorris California, W USA 41°58´N 121°54´W Dorset Ontario, SE Canada 45°12´N 78°52´W Dorset cultural region S England, United Kingdom Dorsten NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 51°38´N 06°58´E Dort see Dordrecht Dortmund NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 51°31´N 07°28´E

104 G6 Douro Litoral former province N Portugal Douvres see Dover 102 K15 Douze j SW France 183 P17 Dover Tasmania, SE Australia 97 Q22 21 Y3 19 P9 18 J14 31 U12 20 H8 97 Q23

94 G11 94 G10 83 M14

100 F12 Dortmund-Ems-Kanal canal W Germany 136 L17 Dörtyol Hatay, S Turkey

31 O10

Do Rūd see Dow Rūd 79 O15 Doruma Orientale, N Dem. Rep. Congo 04°35´N 27°43´E 15 O12 Dorval k (Montréal) Québec, SE Canada 45°27´N 73°46´W 162 F7 Dörvöljin var. Buga. Dzavhan, W Mongolia

148 M2

Dos Bocas, Lago c C Puerto Rico 104 K14 Dos Hermanas Andalucía, S Spain 37°16´N 05°55´W Dospad Dagh see Rhodope Mountains 35 P10 Dos Palos California, W USA

35 P5

36°51´N 36°11´E

45 T5

47°42´N 94°53´E

37°00´N 120°39´W 114 I11 Dospat Smolyan, S Bulgaria 41°39´N 24°10´E

97 G16 33 R16

97 G16

26 M3 18 J12

114 H11 Dospat, Yazovir d SW Bulgaria 100 M11 Dosse j NE Germany 77 S12 Dosso Dosso, SW Niger

142 L7

77 S12 Dosso r department SW Niger 144 G12 Dossor Atyrau, SW Kazakhstan

119 O17

13°03´N 03°10´E

47°31´N 53°01´E

147 O10 Do‘stlik Jizzax Viloyati, C Uzbekistan 40°37´N 67°59´E 147 V9 Dostuk Narynskaya Oblast’, C Kyrgyzstan 41°19´N 75°40´E 145 X13 Dostyk prev. Druzhba. Almaty, SE Kazakhstan 23 R7 39 T9 118 F12 99 D19 103 P2 14 L9 79 D16 79 D16 102 F6 102 E6

45°15´N 82°29´E Dothan Alabama, S USA 31°13´N 85°23´W Dot Lake Alaska, USA 63°39´N 144°10´W Dotnuva Kaunas, C Lithuania 55°23´N 23°53´E Dottignies Hainaut, W Belgium 50°43´N 03°16´E Douai prev. Douay; anc. Duacum. Nord, N France 50°22´N 03°04´E Douaire, Lac c Québec, SE Canada Douala var. Duala. Littoral, W Cameroon 04°04´N 09°43´E Douala k Littoral, W Cameroon 03°57´N 09°48´E Douarnenez Finistère, NW France 48°05´N 04°20´W Douarnenez, Baie de bay NW France Douay see Douai

25 O6 Double Mountain Fork Brazos River j Texas, SW USA 23 O3 Double Springs Alabama, S USA 34°09´N 87°24´W 103 T8 Doubs r department E France 108 C8 Doubs j France/ Switzerland 185 A22 Doubtful Sound sound South Island, New Zealand 184 J2 Doubtless Bay bay North Island, New Zealand 25 X9 Doucette Texas, SW USA 102 K8

30°48´N 94°25´W

Doué-la-Fontaine Maine-et-Loire, NW France 47°12´N 00°16´W

77 O11 Douentza Mopti, S Mali 14°59´N 02°57´W

65 E24 Douglas East Falkland, Falkland Islands 97 I16 Douglas q (Isle of Man) E Isle of Man 54°09´N 04°28´W 83 H23 Douglas Northern Cape, C South Africa 29°04´S 23°47´E 39 X13 Douglas Alexander Archipelago, Alaska, USA 58°12´N 134°18´W 37 O17 Douglas Arizona, SW USA 31°20´N 109°32´W 23 U7 Douglas Georgia, SE USA 31°30´N 82°51´W 33 Y15 Douglas Wyoming, C USA 42°48´N 105°23´W

21 O7 Douglas Cape headland Alaska, N USA 64°59´N 166°41´W

10 J14 Douglas Channel channel British Columbia, W Canada 182 G3 Douglas Creek seasonal river South Australia 31 P5 Douglas Lake c Michigan, N USA 21 O9 Douglas Lake d Tennessee, S USA 39 Q13 Douglas, Mount l Alaska, USA 58°51´N 153°31´W 194 I6 Douglas Range m Alexander Island, Antarctica 161 S14 Douliu prev. Touliu. C Taiwan 23°44´N 120°27´E 103 O2 Doullens Somme, N France 79 F15 99 E21 59 K18 59 I21 103 N5 104 I6

50°09´N 02°21´E Douma see Dūmā Doumé Est, E Cameroon 04°14´N 13°27´E Dour Hainaut , S Belgium 50°24´N 03°47´E Dourada, Serra m S Brazil Dourados Mato Grosso do Sul, S Brazil 22°09´S 54°52´W Dourdan Essonne, N France 48°33´N 01°58´E Douro Sp. Duero. j Portugal/Spain see also Duero Douro see Duero

Administrative Regions International Airport

29 V12

35 Q4 18 I15

114 I8 164 G11

43°19´S 147°01´E Dover Fr. Douvres, Lat. Dubris Portus. SE England, United Kingdom 51°08´N 03°E Dover state capital Delaware, NE USA 39°09´N 75°31´W Dover New Hampshire, NE USA 43°10´N 70°50´W Dover New Jersey, NE USA 40°51´N 74°33´W Dover Ohio, N USA 40°31´N 81°28´W Dover Tennessee, S USA 36°30´N 87°50´W Dover, Strait of var. Straits of Dover, Fr. Pas de Calais. strait England, United Kingdom/France Dover, Straits of see Dover, Strait of Dovlen see Devin Dovre Oppland, S Norway 61°59´N 09°16´E Dovrefjell plateau S Norway Dovsk see Dowsk Dowa Central, C Malawi 13°40´S 33°55´E Dowagiac Michigan, N USA 41°58´N 86°06´W Dow Gonbadān see Do Gonbadān Dowlatābād Fāryāb, N Afghanistan 36°30´N 64°51´E Down cultural region SE Northern Ireland, United Kingdom Downey Idaho, NW USA 42°25´N 112°06´W Downieville California, W USA 39°34´N 120°49´W Downpatrick Ir. Dún Pádraig. SE Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 54°20´N 05°43´W Downs Kansas, C USA 39°30´N 98°33´W Downsville New York, NE USA 42°03´N 74°59´W Dow Rūd var. Do Rūd, Durud. Lorestān, W Iran 33°28´N 49°04´E Dows Iowa, C USA 42°39´N 93°30´W Dowsk Rus. Dovsk. Homyel’skaya Voblasts’, SE Belarus 53°09´N 30°28´E Doyle California, W USA 40°00´N 120°06´W Doylestown Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°18´N 75°08´W Doyransko, Ezero see Doïráni, Límni Doyrentsi Lovech, N Bulgaria 43°13´N 24°46´E Dōzen island Oki-shotō, SW Japan

Dozois, Réservoir d Québec, SE Canada 74 D9 Drâa seasonal river S Morocco Drâa, Hammada du see Dra, Hamada du Drabble see José Enrique Rodó 117 Q5 Drabiv Cherkas’ka Oblast’, C Ukraine 49°57´N 32°10´E Drable see José Enrique Rodó 103 S13 Drac j E France Drač/Draç see Durrës 60 I8 Dracena São Paulo, S Brazil 14 K9

98 M6 92 H11 116 L14 116 I14

21°27´S 51°30´W Drachten Fryslân, N Netherlands 53°07´N 06°06´E Drag Lapp. Ájluokta. Nordland, C Norway 68°02´N 16°E Dragalina Călărași, SE Romania 44°26´N 27°19´E Draganesti-Olt Olt, S Romania 44°06´N 25°00´E

116 J14 Drăgăneşti-Vlaşca Teleorman, S Romania 44°05´N 25°39´E

116 I13 Drăgăşani Vâlcea, SW Romania 44°40´N 24°16´E 114 G9 Dragoman Sofia, W Bulgaria

109 V9

46°36´N 15°00´E

110 F10 Drawa j NW Poland 110 F9 Drawno Zachodniopomorskie, NW Poland 110 F9

29 R3 11 P14 186 B6

98 N7 115 H15

14 D17 101 O16 20 G8 118 M11 102 M5 94 I11 22 K3 110 F10 98 J12

97 N16 65 D25 33 S14 112 K12

113 M16 113 K18 113 L17

113 L22

25 S11 25 S15 22 H5

94 G10 112 E13 95 H15 116 G13

116 M8 97 F17

42°32´N 22°56´E 115 L25 Dragonáda island SE Greece Dragonera, Isla see Sa Dragonera

45 T14 Dragon’s Mouths, The strait Trinidad and Tobago/ Venezuela 95 J23 Dragør Sjælland, E Denmark

116 H6

55°36´N 12°42´E

114 F10 Dragovishtitsa Kysutendil, W Bulgaria 42°22´N 22°39´E 103 U15 Draguignan Var, SE France 43°31´N 06°31´E

Dra, Hamada du var. Hammada du Drâa, Haut Plateau du Dra. plateau W Algeria Dra, Haut Plateau du see Dra, Hamada du 119 H19 Drahichyn Pol. Drohiczyn Poleski, Rus. Drogichin. Brestskaya Voblasts’, SW Belarus 52°11´N 25°10´E 29 N4 Drake North Dakota, N USA 74 E9

83 194 114 114

95 95 92 95 92 109

84

109

47°54´N 100°23´W K23 Drakensberg m Lesotho/ South Africa F3 Drake Passage passage Atlantic Ocean/Pacific Ocean L8 Dralfa Tũrgovishte, N Bulgaria 43°17´N 26°25´E I12 Dráma var. Dhráma. Anatolikí Makedonía kai Thráki, NE Greece 41°09´N 24°10´E Dramburg see Drawsko Pomorskie H15 Drammen Buskerud, S Norway 59°44´N 10°12´E H15 Drammensfjorden fjord S Norway H1 Drangajökull l NW Iceland 66°13´N 22°18´W F16 Drangedal Telemark, S Norway 59°05´N 09°05´E I2 Drangsnes Vestfirðir, NW Iceland 65°42´N 21°27´W Drann see Dravinja T10 Drau var. Drava, Eng. Drave, Hung. Dráva. j C Europe see also Drava Drau see Drava I11 Drava var. Drau, Eng. Drave, Hung. Dráva. j C Europe see also Drau Dráva/Drave see Drau/ Drava W10 Dravinja Ger. Drann. j NE Slovenia

Mountain Mountain Range

Dravograd Ger. Unterdrauburg; prev. Spodnji Dravograd. N Slovenia

103 R13 103 S13 97 G15 106 A9 102 L12 195 T3 195 Q3 98 K6

98 L9 102 L13 149 T4

118 I12 11 Q16 33 Q10 31 R4

21 X7 15 P12

Volcano River

53°12´N 15°44´E

Drawsko Pomorskie Ger. Dramburg. Zachodniopomorskie, NW Poland 53°32´N 15°48´E Drayton North Dakota, N USA 48°34´N 97°10´W Drayton Valley Alberta, SW Canada 53°15´N 115°00´W Dreikikir East Sepik, NW Papua New Guinea 03°42´S 142°46´E Dreikirchen see Teiuş Drenthe r province NE Netherlands Drépano, Akrotírio var. Akrotírio Dhrepanon. headland N Greece 39°56´N 23°57´E Drepanum see Trapani Dresden Ontario, S Canada 42°34´N 82°09´W Dresden Sachsen, E Germany 51°03´N 13°43´E Dresden Tennessee, S USA 36°17´N 88°42´W Dretun’ Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’, N Belarus 55°41´N 29°13´E Dreux anc. Drocae, Durocasses. Eure-et-Loir, C France 48°44´N 01°23´E Drevsjø Hedmark, S Norway 61°52´N 12°01´E Drew Mississippi, S USA 33°48´N 90°31´W Drezdenko Ger. Driesen. Lubuskie, W Poland 52°51´N 15°50´E Driebergen var. DriebergenRijsenburg. Utrecht, C Netherlands 52°03´N 05°17´E Driebergen-Rijsenburg see Driebergen Driesen see Drezdenko Driffield E England, United Kingdom 54°00´N 00°28´W Driftwood Point headland East Falkland, Falkland Islands 52°15´S 59°00´W Driggs Idaho, NW USA 43°44´N 111°06´W Drin see Drinit, Lumi i Drina j Bosnia and Herzegovina/Serbia Drin, Gulf of see Drinit, Gjiri i Drini i Bardhë Serb. Beli Drim. j Albania/Serbia Drinit, Gjiri i var. Pellg i Drinit, Eng. Gulf of Drin. gulf NW Albania Drinit, Lumi i var. Drin. j NW Albania Drinit, Pellg i see Drinit, Gjiri i Drinit të Zi, Lumi i see Black Drin Dríno var. Drino, Drínos Pótamos, Alb. Lumi i Drinos. j Albania/Greece Drinos, Lumi i/Drínos Pótamos see Dríno Dripping Springs Texas, SW USA 30°11´N 98°04´W Driscoll Texas, SW USA 27°40´N 97°45´W Driskill Mountain l Louisiana, S USA 32°25´N 92°54´W Drissa see Drysa Driva j S Norway Drniš It. Šibenik-Knin. Šibenik-Knin, S Croatia 43°51´N 16°10´E Drøbak Akershus, S Norway 59°40´N 10°40´E Drobeta-Turnu Severin prev. Turnu Severin. Mehedini, SW Romania 44°39´N 22°40´E Drocae see Dreux Drochia Rus. Drokiya. N Moldova 48°02´N 27°46´E Drogheda Ir. Droichead Átha. NE Ireland 53°43´N 06°21´W Drogichin see Drahichyn Drogobych see Drohobych Drohiczyn Poleski see Drahichyn Drohobych Pol. Drohobycz, Rus. Drogobych. L’vivs’ka Oblast’, NW Ukraine 49°22´N 23°33´E Drohobycz see Drohobych Droichead Átha see Drogheda Droicheadna Bandan see Bandon Droichead na Banna see Banbridge Droim Mór see Dromore Drokiya see Drochia Drôme r department E France Drôme j E France Dromore Ir. Droim Mór. SE Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 54°25´N 06°09´W Dronero Piemonte, NE Italy 44°28´N 07°25´E Dronne j SW France Dronning Fabiolafjella var. Mount Victor. l Antarctica 72°49´S 33°01´E Dronning Maud Land physical region Antarctica Dronrijp Fris. Dronryp. Fryslân, N Netherlands 53°12´N 05°37´E Dronryp see Dronrijp Dronten Flevoland, C Netherlands 52°31´N 05°41´E Drontheim see Trondheim Dropt j SW France Drosh Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, NW Pakistan 35°33´N 71°48´E Drossen see Ośno Lubuskie Drug see Durg Drujba see Pitnak Drūkšiai c NE Lithuania Druk-yul see Bhutan Drumheller Alberta, SW Canada 51°28´N 112°42´W Drummond Montana, NW USA 46°39´N 113°12´W Drummond Island island Michigan, N USA Drummond Island see Tabiteuea Drummond, Lake c Virginia, NE USA Drummondville Québec, SE Canada 45°52´N 72°28´W

Lake Reservoir

39 T11 Drum, Mount l Alaska, USA 62°11´N 144°37´W 27 O9 Drumright Oklahoma, C USA 35°59´N 96°36´W 99 J14 Drunen Noord-Brabant, S Netherlands 51°41´N 05°08´E Druskienniki see Druskininkai 119 F15 Druskininkai Pol. Druskienniki. Alytus, S Lithuania 54°00´N 24°00´E 98 K13 Druten Gelderland, SE Netherlands 51°53´N 05°37´E 118 K11 Druya Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’, NW Belarus 117 S2

123 R7 117 X7

55°47´N 27°27´E

Druzhba Sums’ka Oblast’, NE Ukraine 52°01´N 33°56´E Druzhba see Dostyk, Kazakhstan Druzhba see Pitnak, Uzbekistan Druzhina Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 68°01´N 144°58´E Druzhkivka Donets’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 48°38´N 37°31´E

112 E12 Drvar Federacija Bosne I Hercegovine, W Bosnia and Herzegovina 44°21´N 16°24´E 113 G15 Drvenik Split-Dalmacija, SE Croatia 43°10´N 17°13´E 114 K9 Dryanovo Gabrovo, N Bulgaria 42°58´N 25°28´E 26 G7 Dry Cimarron River j Kansas/Oklahoma, C USA 12 B11 Dryden Ontario, C Canada 49°48´N 92°48´W

24 M11 Dryden Texas, SW USA 30°01´N 102°06´W

195 Q14 Drygalski Ice Tongue ice feature Antarctica 118 L11 Drysa Rus. Drissa. j N Belarus 23 V17 Dry Tortugas island Florida, SE USA 79 D15 Dschang Ouest, W Cameroon 54 J5

45 N9 140 J5 117 N9

05°28´N 10°02´E

Duaca Lara, N Venezuela

10°22´N 69°08´W Duacum see Douai Duala see Douala Duarte, Pico l C Dominican Republic 19°02´N 70°57´W Ḑubā Tabūk, NW Saudi Arabia 27°26´N 35°42´E Dubai see Dubayy Dubăsari Rus. Dubossary. NE Moldova 47°16´N 29°07´E

117 N9 Dubăsari Reservoir d NE Moldova 8 M10 Dubawnt j Nunavut, NW Canada 8 L9 Dubawnt Lake c Northwest Territories/Nunavut, N Canada 30 L6 Du Bay, Lake d Wisconsin, N USA 141 U7 Dubayy Eng. Dubai. Dubayy, NE United Arab Emirates 25°11´N 55°18´E 141 W7 Dubayy Eng. Dubai. k Dubayy, NE United Arab Emirates 25°15´N 55°22´E 183 R7 Dubbo New South Wales, SE Australia 32°16´S 148°41´E 108 G7 Dübendorf Zürich, NW Switzerland 47°23´N 08°37´E

97 F18 Dublin Ir. Baile Átha Cliath; anc. Eblana. a (Ireland) Dublin, E Ireland 53°20´N 06°15´W

23 U5 Dublin Georgia, SE USA 25 R7 97 G18 97 G18 189 V12 126 K2 111 G19

111 I19

116 K4 33 R13 18 D13 33 T14 127 O10 76 H14 14 B7 119 L20

126 I5

32°32´N 82°54´W Dublin Texas, SW USA 32°05´N 98°20´W Dublin Ir. Baile Átha Cliath; anc. Eblana. cultural region E Ireland Dublin Airport k Dublin, E Ireland 53°25´N 06°18´W Dublon var. Tonoas. island Chuuk Islands, C Micronesia Dubna Moskovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 56°45´N 37°09´E Dubňany Ger. Dubnian. Jihomoravský Kraj, SE Czech Republic 48°54´N 17°00´E Dubnian see Dubňany Dubnica nad Váhom Hung. Máriatölgyes; prev. Dubnicz. Trenčiansky Kraj, W Slovakia 48°58´N 18°10´E Dubnicz see Dubnica nad Váhom Dubno Rivnens’ka Oblast’, NW Ukraine 50°28´N 25°40´E Dubois Idaho, NW USA 44°10´N 112°13´W Du Bois Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°07´N 78°45´W Dubois Wyoming, C USA 43°31´N 109°37´W Dubossary see Dubăsari Dubovka Volgogradskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 49°10´N 48°49´E Dubréka SW Guinea 09°48´N 13°31´W Dubreuilville Ontario, S Canada 48°21´N 84°31´W Dubris Portus see Dover Dubrova Homyel’skaya Voblasts’, SE Belarus 51°47´N 28°13´E

DubrovačkoNeretvanska Županija see Dubrovnik-Neretva Dubrovka Bryanskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 53°44´N 33°27´E

113 H16 Dubrovnik It. Ragusa. Dubrovnik-Neretva, SE Croatia 42°40´N 18°06´E 113 I16 Dubrovnik k DubrovnikNeretva, SE Croatia 42°34´N 18°17´E

113 F16 Dubrovnik-Neretva off. Dubrovačko-Neretvanska Županija. r province SE Croatia Dubrovno see Dubrowna 116 L2 Dubrovytsya Rivnens’ka Oblast’, NW Ukraine 51°34´N 26°37´E

119 O14 Dubrowna Rus. Dubrovno. Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’, N Belarus 54°35´N 30°41´E 29 Z13 Dubuque Iowa, C USA 42°30´N 90°40´W

118 E12 Dubysa j C Lithuania Ðc C see Ch Ty 191 V12 Duc de Gloucester, Îles du Eng. Duke of Gloucester Islands. island group C French Polynesia 111 C15 Duchcov Ger. Dux. Ústecký Kraj, NW Czech Republic 50°37´N 13°45´E

Duchesne – east haven 37 N3 Duchesne Utah, W USA 40°09´N 110°24´W

191 P17 Ducie Island atoll E Pitcairn Group of Islands 11 W15 Duck Bay Manitoba, S Canada 52°11´N 100°08´W 23 X17 Duck Key island Florida Keys, Florida, SE USA 11 T14 Duck Lake Saskatchewan, S Canada 52°52´N 106°12´W 11 V15 Duck Mountain m Manitoba, S Canada 20 I9 Duck River j Tennessee, S USA 20 M10 Ducktown Tennessee, S USA

101 E14 Dülmen NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 114 29 138 171 171

35°01´N 84°24´W

167 U10 Ðc Phô Quang Ngai, C Vietnam 14°56´N 108°55´E Ðc Tho see Lin Camh Ðc Trong see Liên Nghia D-U-D see Dalap-Uliga-Djarrit 153 N15 Dūddhinagar var. Dūdhi. Uttar Pradesh, N India 24°09´N 83°16´E

99 M25 Dudelange var. Forge du Sud, Ger. Dudelingen. Luxembourg, S Luxembourg 101 J15 122 K8 97 L20 154 G13 76 L16 104 M5 104 K4 105 O6

21 P12 195 P11 99 H17 35 S2 187 Q9

49°28´N 06°05´E Dudelingen see Dudelange Duderstadt Niedersachsen, C Germany 51°31´N 10°16´E Dūdhi see Dūddhinagar Dudinka Krasnoyarskiy Kray, N Russian Federation 69°27´N 86°13´E Dudley C England, United Kingdom 52°30´N 02°05´W Dudna j C India Duékoué W Ivory Coast 05°50´N 05°22´W Dueñas Castilla y León, N Spain 41°52´N 04°33´W Duerna j NW Spain Duero Port. Douro. j Portugal/Spain see also Douro Duero see Douro Duesseldorf see Düsseldorf Due West South Carolina, SE USA 34°19´N 82°23´W Dufek Coast physical region Antarctica Duffel Antwerpen, C Belgium 51°06´N 04°30´E Duffer Peak l Nevada, W USA 41°40´N 118°45´W Duff Islands island group E Solomon Islands

168 183 27 25 138 96 96 187 111 116

116 97 97 153 100 14

Dufour, Pizzo/Dufour, Punta see Dufour Spitze 108 E12 Dufour Spitze It. Pizzo Dufour, Punta Dufour. l Italy/Switzerland

14

45°54´N 07°50´E

195

112 D9 Duga Resa Karlovac, C Croatia 45°25´N 15°30´E 22 H5 Dugdemona River j Louisiana, S USA 154 J12 Duggīpar Mahārāshtra, C India 21°06´N 80°10´E 112 B13 Dugi Otok var. Isola Grossa, It. Isola Lunga. island W Croatia 113 F14 Dugopolje Split-Dalmacija, S Croatia 43°35´N 16°35´E 160 L8 Du He j C China 54 M11 Duida, Cerro l S Venezuela 101

99 98 139 160 81 139

39

03°21´N 65°45´W Duinekerke see Dunkerque E15 Duisburg prev. DuisburgHamborn. NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 51°25´N 06°47´E Duisburg-Hamborn see Duisburg F14 Duiveland island SW Netherlands M12 Duiven Gelderland, E Netherlands 51°57´N 06°02´E W10 Dujaylah, Hawr ad c S Iraq H9 Dujiangyan var. Guanxian, Guan Xian. Sichuan, C China 31°01´N 103°40´E L18 Dujuuma Shabeellaha Hoose, S Somalia 01°04´N 42°37´E T3 Dûkan Ar. Dūkān, var. Dokan. As Sulaymānīyah, E Iraq 35°55´N 44°58´E Dūkān see Dûkan Z14 Duke Island island Alexander Archipelago, Alaska, USA

81 F14 141 T7

143 N16 127 Q7

126 H4

111 N17 111 N18

118 I12

159 R10 37 R8 43 N16

42 K6 62 L9 123 Q9 153 V14 20 D3

Dukelský Priesmy/ Dukelský Průsmyk see Dukla Pass Duke of Gloucester Islands see Duc de Gloucester, Îles du Duk Faiwil Jonglei, E South Sudan 07°30´N 31°27´E Dukhān C Qatar 25°29´N 50°48´E Dukhan Heights see Dukhān, Jabal Dukhān, Jabal var. Dukhan Heights. hill range S Qatar Dukhovnitskoye Saratovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 52°31´N 48°32´E Dukhovshchina Smolenskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 55°15´N 32°22´E Dukielska, Przełęcz see Dukla Pass Dukla Podkarpackie, SE Poland 49°33´N 21°40´E Duklai Hág see Dukla Pass Dukla Pass Cz. Dukelský Průsmyk, Ger. Dukla-Pass, Hung. Duklai Hág, Pol. Przełęcz Dukielska, Slvk. Dukelský Priesmy. pass Poland/Slovakia Dukla-Pass see Dukla Pass Dukou see Panzhihua Dūkštas Utena, E Lithuania 55°32´N 26°21´E Dulaan see Herlenbayan-Ulaan Dulan var. Qagan Us. Qinghai, C China 36°11´N 97°51´E Dulce New Mexico, SW USA 36°55´N 107°00´W Dulce, Golfo gulf S Costa Rica Dulce, Golfo see Izabal, Lago de Dulce Nombre de Culmí Olancho, C Honduras 15°09´N 85°37´W Dulce, Río j C Argentina Dulgalakh j NE Russian Federation Dŭlgopol see Dalgopol Dullabchara Assam, NE India 24°25´N 92°22´E Dulles k (Washington DC)Virginia, NE USA 39°00´N 77°27´W

195

14 75

111

111 111

51°51´N 07°17´E M7 Dulovo Silistra, NE Bulgaria 43°51´N 27°10´E W5 Duluth Minnesota, N USA 46°47´N 92°06´W H7 Dūmā Fr. Douma. Rīf Dimashq, SW Syria 33°33´N 36°24´E O8 Dumagasa Point headland Mindanao, S Philippines 07°01´N 121°54´E P6 Dumaguete var. Dumaguete City. Negros, C Philippines 09°16´N 123°17´E Dumaguete City see Dumaguete J10 Dumai Sumatera, W Indonesia 01°39´N 101°28´E T4 Dumaresq River j New South Wales/Queensland, SE Australia W13 Dumas Arkansas, C USA 33°53´N 91°29´W N1 Dumas Texas, SW USA 35°51´N 101°57´W I7 Ḑumayr Rīf Dimashq, W Syria 33°36´N 36°28´E I12 Dumbarton W Scotland, United Kingdom 55°57´N 04°35´W I12 Dumbarton cultural region C Scotland, United Kingdom Q17 Dumbéa Province Sud, S New Caledonia 22°11´S 166°27´E K19 Ďumbier Ger. Djumbir, Hung. Gyömbér. l C Slovakia 48°54´N 19°36´E I11 Dumbrăveni Ger. Elisabethstedt, Hung. Erzsébetváros; prev. Ebesfalva, Eppeschdorf, Ibașfalău. Sibiu, C Romania 46°14´N 24°34´E L12 Dumbrăveni Vrancea, E Romania 45°31´N 27°09´E J14 Dumfries S Scotland, United Kingdom 55°04´N 03°37´W J14 Dumfries cultural region SW Scotland, United Kingdom R15 Dumka Jhārkhand, NE India 24°17´N 87°15´E Dümmer see Dümmersee G12 Dümmersee var. Dümmer. c NW Germany J11 Dumoine j Québec, SE Canada J10 Dumoine, Lac c Québec, SE Canada V16 Dumont d’Urville French research station Antarctica 66°24´S 139°38´E W15 Dumont d’Urville Sea sea S Pacific Ocean K11 Dumont, Lac c Québec, SE Canada W7 Dumyāt var. Dumyât, Eng. Damietta. N Egypt 31°26´N 31°48´E Duna see Danube, C Europe Düna see Western Dvina Duna see Don, Russian Federation Dünaburg see Daugavpils J24 Dunaföldvár Tolna, C Hungary 46°48´N 18°55´E Dunaj see Wien, Austria Dunaj see Danube, C Europe L18 Dunajec j S Poland H21 Dunajská Streda Hung. Dunaszerdahely. Trnavský Kraj, W Slovakia 48°N 17°28´E Dunapentele see Dunaújváros Dunărea see Danube

116 M13 Dunărea Veche, Braul j SE Romania 117 N13 Dunării, Delta delta SE Romania Dunaszerdahely see Dunajská Streda 111 J23 Dunaújváros prev. Dunapentele, Sztálinváros. Fejér, C Hungary 47°N 18°55´E Dunav see Danube 114 J8 Dunavska Ravnina Eng. Danubian Plain. lowlands N Bulgaria 114 G7 Dunavtsi Vidin, NW Bulgaria 43°54´N 22°49´E

123 S15 Dunay Primorskiy Kray, SE Russian Federation 116 L7 185 F22 10 L17 37 O15 26 M12

151 Q20 96 K6 14 G12 118 D7 14 G14 97 F16 21 X3 97 F16 14 G16 180 L12

15 N13 83 K22 96 K11 31 R10 25 R5 194 H3 162 L9 97 G16

42°53´N 132°20´E Dunayevtsy see Dunayivtsi Dunayivtsi Rus. Dunayevtsy. Khmel’nyts’ka Oblast’, NW Ukraine 48°56´N 26°50´E Dunback Otago, South Island, New Zealand 45°22´S 170°37´E Duncan Vancouver Island, British Columbia, SW Canada 48°46´N 123°10´W Duncan Arizona, SW USA 32°43´N 109°06´W Duncan Oklahoma, C USA 34°30´N 97°57´W Duncan Island see Pinzón, Isla Duncan Passage strait Andaman Sea/Bay of Bengal Duncansby Head headland N Scotland, United Kingdom 58°37´N 03°01´W Dunchurch Ontario, S Canada 45°36´N 79°54´W Dundaga NW Latvia 57°29´N 22°19´E Dundalk Ontario, S Canada 44°11´N 80°22´W Dundalk Ir. Dún Dealgan. Louth, NE Ireland 54°01´N 06°25´W Dundalk Maryland, NE USA 39°15´N 76°31´W Dundalk Bay Ir. Cuan Dhún Dealgan. bay NE Ireland Dundas Ontario, S Canada 43°16´N 79°55´W Dundas, Lake salt lake Western Australia Dundbürd see Batnorov Dún Dealgan see Dundalk Dundee Québec, SE Canada 45°01´N 74°27´W Dundee KwaZulu/Natal, E South Africa 28°09´S 30°12´E Dundee E Scotland, United Kingdom 56°28´N 03°W Dundee Michigan, N USA 41°57´N 83°39´W Dundee Texas, SW USA 33°43´N 98°52´W Dundee Island island Antarctica Dundgovĭ r province C Mongolia Dundrum Bay Ir. Cuan Dhún Droma. inlet NW Irish Sea

Country Country Capital

11 T15 Dundurn Saskatchewan, S Canada 51°43´N 106°27´W Dund-Us see Hovd Dund-Us see Hovd 185 F23 Dunedin Otago, South Island, New Zealand 183 R7 97 D14 96 J12

149 V10 97 F15

152 F15 97 E21 101 N21

97 P23

45°52´S 170°31´E Dunedoo New South Wales, SE Australia 32°04´S 149°23´E Dunfanaghy Ir. Dún Fionnachaidh. NW Ireland 55°11´N 07°59´W Dunfermline C Scotland, United Kingdom 56°04´N 03°29´W Dún Fionnachaidh see Dunfanaghy Dunga Bunga Punjab, E Pakistan 29°51´N 73°19´E Dungannon Ir. Dún Geanainn. C Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 54°31´N 06°46´W Dun Garbháin see Dungarvan Dūngarpur Rājasthān, N India 23°50´N 73°43´E Dungarvan Ir. Dun Garbháin. Waterford, S Ireland 52°05´N 07°37´W Dungau cultural region SE Germany Dún Geanainn see Dungannon Dungeness headland SE England, United Kingdom 50°55´N 00°58´E

63 I23 Dungeness, Punta headland S Argentina 97 D14 183 T7 79 O16 168 L8 80 I6 15 P13

163 X10 159 P8 182 L12 103 O1

52°25´S 68°25´W Dungloe see Dunglow Dunglow var. Dungloe, Ir. An Clochán Liath. Donegal, NW Ireland 54°57´N 08°22´W Dungog New South Wales, SE Australia 32°24´S 151°45´E Dungu Orientale, NE Dem. Rep. Congo 03°40´N 28°32´E Dungun var. Kuala Dungun. Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia 04°47´N 103°26´E Dungûnab Red Sea, NE Sudan 21°10´N 37°09´E Dunham Québec, SE Canada 45°08´N 72°48´W Dunheved see Launceston Dunholme see Durham Dunhua Jilin, NE China 43°22´N 128°12´E Dunhuang Gansu, N China 40°10´N 94°40´E Dunkeld Victoria, SE Australia 37°41´S 142°19´E Dunkerque Eng. Dunkirk, Flem. Duinekerke; prev. Dunquerque. Nord, N France 51°06´N 02°34´E

97 K23 Dunkery Beacon l SW England, United Kingdom 51°10´N 03°36´W 18 C11 Dunkirk New York, NE USA 77 P17 97 G18 29 S14 20 L10

97 B21 18 I13 21 U10 23 V11 96 J6 29 N14

42°28´N 79°19´W Dunkirk see Dunkerque Dunkwa SW Ghana 05°59´N 01°45´W Dún Laoghaire Eng. Dunleary; prev. Kingstown. E Ireland 53°17´N 06°08´W Dunlap Iowa, C USA 41°51´N 95°36´W Dunlap Tennessee, S USA 35°22´N 85°23´W Dunleary see Dún Laoghaire Dún Mánmhaí see Dunmanway Dunmanway Ir. Dún Mánmhaí. Cork, SW Ireland 51°43´N 09°07´W Dunmore Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°25´N 75°37´W Dunn North Carolina, SE USA 35°18´N 78°36´W Dún na nGall see Donegal Dunnellon Florida, SE USA 29°03´N 82°27´W Dunnet Head headland N Scotland, United Kingdom 58°40´N 03°27´W Dunning Nebraska, C USA 41°49´N 100°04´W

65 B24 Dunnose Head Settlement West Falkland, Falkland Islands 51°24´S 60°29´W 14 G17 Dunnville Ontario, S Canada 42°54´N 79°36´W Dún Pádraig see Downpatrick Dunquerque see Dunkerque Dunqulah see Dongola 96 L12 Duns SE Scotland, United Kingdom 55°46´N 02°13´W 29 N2 Dunseith North Dakota, N USA 48°48´N 100°03´W 35 N2 Dunsmuir California, W USA 41°12´N 122°19´W 97 N21 Dunstable Lat. Durocobrivae. E England, United Kingdom 51°53´N 00°32´W

185 D21 Dunstan Mountains m South Island, New Zealand 103 O9 Dun-sur-Auron Cher, C France 46°52´N 02°40´E 185 F21 Duntroon Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand 44°52´S 170°40´E

149 T10 Dunyāpur Punjab, E Pakistan 29°48´N 71°48´E 163 U5 Duobukur He j NE China 163 R12 Duolun var. Dolonnur. Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China

114 O7 Durankulak Rom. Răcari; prev. Blatnitsa, Duranulac. Dobrich, NE Bulgaria 22 L4 27 P13 105 N6 61 E19 61 E19 83 K23 83 K23 118 C9 99 K21 105 N15 112 F8

45°03´N 101°36´W

43°09´N 19°18´E

97 L24 Durdle Door natural arch S England, United Kingdom 158 L3 Düre Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, W China 46°30´N 88°26´E 101 D16 Düren anc. Marcodurum. Nordrhein-Westfalen, W Germany 50°48´N 06°30´E 154 K12 Durg prev. Drug. Chhattīsgarh, C India

44°10´N 80°48´W

41°26´N 35°03´E

30 I6

42°54´N 83°58´W

Durand Wisconsin, N USA 44°37´N 91°56´W

40 K10 Durango var. Victoria de Durango. Durango, W Mexico 24°03´N 104°38´W 105 P3 Durango País Vasco, N Spain

40 J9

136 K14

146 I16 114 K8

124 L7 112 E10 117 W5 111 F16

154 A10 30 M12

33 N10

97 L15 168 J10

141 P8 113 J15 96 H6 109 Y3

113 K20

113 K19 97 A21

114 P12 114 O12 138 I9 184 K13

54°47´N 01°34´W Durham North Carolina, SE USA 36°N 78°54´W Durham cultural region N England, United Kingdom Duri Sumatera, W Indonesia 01°13´N 101°13´E Duria Major see Dora Baltea Duria Minor see Dora Riparia Durlas see Thurles Ḑurmā Ar Riyāḑ, C Saudi Arabia 24°37´N 46°06´E Durmitor l N Montenegro Durness N Scotland, United Kingdom 58°34´N 04°46´W Dürnkrut Niederösterreich, E Austria 48°28´N 16°50´E Durnovaria see Dorchester Durobrivae see Rochester Durocasses see Dreux Durocobrivae see Dunstable Durocortorum see Reims Durostorum see Silistra Durovernum see Canterbury Durrës var. Durrësi, Dursi, It. Durazzo, SCr. Drač, Turk. Draç. Durrës, W Albania 41°20´N 19°26´E Durrës r district W Albania Durrësi see Durrës Dursey Island Ir. Oileán Baoi. island SW Ireland Dursi see Durrës Duru see Wuchuan Durud see Dow Rūd Durusu İstanbul, NW Turkey 41°18´N 28°41´E Durusu Gölü c NW Turkey Durūz, Jabal ad l SW Syria 37°00´N 32°30´E D’Urville Island island C New Zealand

171 X12 D’Urville, Tanjung headland Papua, E Indonesia 01°26´S 137°52´E

146 H14 Duşak Rus. Dushak. Ahal Welaýaty, S Turkmenistan

118 160 147

147 137 18 185 101 147 194

38 36

83 67 125 77 77

14

37°13´N 107°51´W Durango r state C Mexico

36

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

136 G11

21 U9

43°10´N 02°38´W

37 Q8 Durango Colorado, C USA

160 K12

98 N8

48°13´N 112°34´W

103 S15 Durance j SE France 31 R9 Durand Michigan, N USA

160 J13 167 T14

97 M14 Durham hist. Dunholme. N England, United Kingdom

141 Y11 Duqm var. Daqm. E Oman 19°42´N 57°40´E

138 L9

21°12´N 81°20´E

153 U13 Durgapur Dhaka, N Bangladesh 25°10´N 90°41´E 153 R15 Durgāpur West Bengal, NE India 23°30´N 87°20´E 14 F14 Durham Ontario, S Canada

33 Q7 Dupuyer Montana, NW USA

63 F23 Duque de York, Isla island S Chile 181 N4 Durack Range m Western Australia 136 K10 Durağan Sinop, N Turkey

47°28´N 91°52´E

14 K11 Duval, Lac c Québec, SE Canada 127 W3 Duvan Respublika Bashkortostan, W Russian Federation

113 K15 Ðurđevica Tara N Montenegro

42°11´N 116°30´E

167 R14 Dng Ðông Kiên Giang, S Vietnam 10°15´N 103°58´E 114 G10 Dupnitsa prev. Marek, Stanke Dimitrov. Kyustendil, W Bulgaria 42°16´N 23°07´E 28 L8 Dupree South Dakota, N USA

43°41´N 28°31´E Durant Mississippi, S USA 33°04´N 89°51´W Durant Oklahoma, C USA 33°59´N 96°24´W Duranulac see Durankulak Duratón j N Spain Durazno var. San Pedro de Durazno. Durazno, C Uruguay 33°22´S 56°31´W Durazno r department C Uruguay Durazzo see Durrës Durban var. Port Natal. KwaZulu/Natal, E South Africa 29°51´S 31°E Durban k KwaZulu/Natal, E South Africa 29°55´S 31°01´E Durbe Ger. Durben. W Latvia 56°34´N 21°22´E Durben see Durbe Durbuy Luxembourg, SE Belgium 50°21´N 05°27´E Dúrcal Andalucía, S Spain 37°00´N 03°24´W Ðurđevac Ger. Sankt Georgen, Hung. Szentgyörgy; prev. Djurdjevac, Gjurgjevac. Koprivnica-Kri»zevci, N Croatia 46°02´N 17°03´E

83 J25 Dutywa prev. Idutywa. Eastern Cape, SE South Africa 32°06´S 28°20´E see also Dutywa 162 E7 Duut Hovd, W Mongolia

37°15´N 59°57´E Dusa Mareb/Dusa Marreb see Dhuusa Marreeb I11 Dusetos Utena, NE Lithuania 55°44´N 25°49´E Dushak see Duşak K12 Dushan Guizhou, S China 25°50´N 107°36´E P13 Dushanbe var. Dyushambe; prev. Stalinabad, Taj. Stalinobod. a (Tajikistan) W Tajikistan 38°35´N 68°44´E P13 Dushanbe k W Tajikistan 38°31´N 68°49´E T9 Dusheti prev. Dushet’i. E Georgia 42°07´N 44°44´E Dushet’i see Dusheti H13 Dushore Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°30´N 76°23´W A23 Dusky Sound sound South Island, New Zealand E15 Düsseldorf var. Duesseldorf. Nordrhein-Westfalen, W Germany 51°14´N 06°49´E P14 Dŭstí Rus. Dusti. SW Tajikistan 37°22´N 68°41´E I9 Dustin Island island Antarctica Dutch East Indies see Indonesia Dutch Guiana see Suriname L17 Dutch Harbor Unalaska Island, Alaska, USA 53°51´N 166°33´W J3 Dutch Mount l Utah, W USA 40°16´N 113°56´W Dutch New Guinea see Papua Dutch West Indies see Curaçao H20 Dutlwe Kweneng, S Botswana 23°58´S 23°56´E V16 Du Toit Fracture Zone tectonic feature SW Indian Ocean U8 Dutovo Respublika Komi, NW Russian Federation 63°45´N 56°38´E V13 Dutsan Wai var. Dutsen Wai. Kaduna, C Nigeria 10°49´N 08°15´E W13 Dutse Jigawa, N Nigeria 11°43´N 09°25´E Dutsen Wai see Dutsan Wai Duttia see Datia E17 Dutton Ontario, S Canada 42°40´N 81°28´W L7 Dutton, Mount l Utah, W USA 38°00´N 112°10´W

Administrative Regions International Airport

186 G5 20 G8 9

S5

20 F8 29 Y13 97 I21

111 E19

117 T5 127 N16 111 A16 110 K9 117 O4 117 W7 111 O17 29 X13 115 H18 115 D18

115 C14

127 U4

162 K7

162 H8 163 O11 172 J14

162 G7 162 G7 162 G6

162 E7 127 O3

147 T10

55°42´N 57°56´E

Duwaykhilat Satiḩ ar Ruwayshid seasonal river SE Jordan Dux see Duchcov Duyang Shan m S China Duyên Hai Tra Vinh, S Vietnam 09°39´N 106°28´E Duyun Guizhou, S China 26°16´N 107°29´E Düzce Düzce, NW Turkey 40°51´N 31°09´E Düzce r province NW Turkey Duzdab see Zāhedān Duzenkyr, Khrebet see Duzkyr, Khrebet Duzkyr, Khrebet prev. Khrebet Duzenkyr. m S Turkmenistan Dve Mogili Ruse, N Bulgaria 43°35´N 25°51´E Dvina Bay see Chëshskaya Guba Dvinsk see Daugavpils Dvinskaya Guba bay NW Russian Federation Dvor Sisak-Moslavina, C Croatia 45°05´N 16°22´E Dvorichna Kharkivs’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 49°52´N 37°43´E Dvůr Králové nad Labem Ger. Königinhof an der Elbe. Královéhradecký Kraj, N Czech Republic 50°27´N 15°50´E Dwārka Gujarāt, W India 22°14´N 68°58´E Dwight Illinois, N USA 41°05´N 88°25´W Dwingeloo Drenthe, NE Netherlands 52°49´N 06°20´E Dworshak Reservoir d Idaho, NW USA Dyal see Dyaul Island Dyanev see Galkynyș Dyatlovo see Dzyatlava Dyaul Island var. Djaul, Dyal. island NE Papua New Guinea Dyer Tennessee, S USA 36°04´N 88°59´W Dyer, Cape headland Baffin Island, Nunavut, NE Canada 66°37´N 61°13´W Dyersburg Tennessee, S USA 36°02´N 89°21´W Dyersville Iowa, C USA 42°29´N 91°07´W Dyfed cultural region SW Wales, United Kingdom Dyfrdwy, Afon see Dee Dyhernfurth see Brzeg Dolny Dyje var. Thaya. j Austria/ Czech Republic see also Thaya Dyje see Thaya Dykan’ka Poltavs’ka Oblast’, C Ukraine 49°48´N 34°33´E Dykhtau l SW Russian Federation 43°01´N 42°56´E Dyleń Ger. Tillenberg. l NW Czech Republic 49°58´N 12°31´E Dylewska Góra l N Poland 53°33´N 19°57´E Dymer Kyyivs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 50°50´N 30°20´E Dymytrov Rus. Dimitrov. Donets’ka Oblast’, SE Ukraine 48°18´N 37°19´E Dynów Podkarpackie, SE Poland 49°49´N 22°14´E Dysart Iowa, C USA 42°10´N 92°18´W Dysna see Dzisna Dýstos, Límni var. Límni Dístos. c Évvoia, C Greece Dytikí Elláda Eng. Greece West, var. Dytikí Ellás. r region C Greece Dytikí Ellás see Dytikí Elláda Dytikí Makedonía Eng. Macedonia West. r region N Greece Dyurment’yube see Diirmentobe Dyurtyuli Respublika Bashkortostan, W Russian Federation 55°31´N 54°49´E Dyushambe see Dushanbe Dzaamar var. BatÖldziyt. Töv, C Mongolia 48°10´N 104°49´E Dzaanhushuu see Ihtamir Dza Chu see Mekong Dzadgay see Bömbögör Dzag Bayanhongor, C Mongolia 46°54´N 99°11´E Dzalaa see Shinejinst Dzamïn-Üüd var. Borhoyn Tal. Dornogovĭ, SE Mongolia 43°43´N 111°53´E Dzaoudzi E Mayotte 12°48´S 45°18´E Dzaudzhikau see Vladikavkaz Dzavhan r province NW Mongolia Dzavhan Gol j NW Mongolia Dzavhanmandal var. Nuga. Dzavhan, W Mongolia 48°17´N 95°07´E Dzegstey see Ögiynuur Dzereg var. Altanteel. Hovd, W Mongolia 47°05´N 92°57´E Dzerzhinsk Nizhegorodskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 56°20´N 43°22´E Dzerzhinsk see Dzyarzhynsk Dzerzhinsk see Romaniv Dzerzhinskiy see Nar’yan-Mar Dzerzhinskoye see Tokzhaylau Dzerzhinskoye see Tokzhaylau Dzerzhyns’k see Romaniv Dzerzhyns’k see Romaniv Džetygara see Zhitikara Dzhailgan see Jayilgan Dzhalagash see Zhalagash Dzhalal-Abad Kir. JalalAbad. Dzhalal-Abadskaya Oblast’, W Kyrgyzstan 40°56´N 73°00´E

Mountain Mountain Range

Volcano River

Dzhalal-Abadskaya Oblast’ Kir. Jalal-Abad Oblasty. r province W Kyrgyzstan Dzhalilabad see Cälilabad Dzhambeyty see Zhympity Dzhambul see Taraz Dzhambulskaya Oblast’ see Zhambyl 144 D9 Dzhanibek prev. Dzhanybek, Kaz. Zhänibek. Zapadnyy Kazakhstan, W Kazakhstan 147 S9

49°27´N 46°51´E

Dzhankel’dy see Jongeldi 117 T12 Dzhankoy Avtonomna Respublika Krym, S Ukraine 45°40´N 34°20´E

Dzhansugurov see Zhansugirov 147 R9 Dzhany-Bazar var. Yangibazar. DzhalalAbadskaya Oblast’, W Kyrgyzstan 41°40´N 70°49´E Dzhanybek see Dzhanibek 123 P8 Dzhardzhan Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 68°47´N 123°51´E Dzharkurgan see Jarqo‘rg‘on 117 S11 Dzharylhats’ka Zatoka gulf S Ukraine Dzhayilgan see Jayilgan Dzhebel see Jebel 147 T14 Dzhelandy SE Tajikistan 147 Y7

37°34´N 72°35´E Dzhergalan Kir. Jyrgalan. Issyk-Kul’skaya Oblast’, NE Kyrgyzstan 42°37´N 78°56´E Dzhetysay see Zhetysay Dzhezkazgan see Zhezkazgan Dzhigirbent see Jigerbent Dzhirgatal’ see Jirgatol Dzhizak see Jizzax Dzhizakskaya Oblast’ see Jizzax Viloyati

Dzhugdzhur, Khrebet m E Russian Federation Dzhul’fa see Culfa Dzhuma see Juma Dzhungarskiy Alatau see Zhetysuskiy Alatau Dzhusaly see Zhosaly 146 J12 Dzhynlykum, Peski desert E Turkmenistan 110 L9 Działdowo WarmińskoMazurskie, C Poland 123 P8

53°13´N 20°12´E

111 L16 Działoszyce Świętokrzyskie, C Poland 50°21´N 20°19´E 41 X11 Dzidzantún Yucatán, E Mexico 111 G15 Dzierżoniów Ger. Reichenbach. Dolnośląskie, SW Poland 50°43´N 16°40´E 41 X11 Dzilam de Bravo Yucatán, E Mexico 21°24´N 88°52´W 118 L12 Dzisna Rus. Disna. Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’, N Belarus 55°33´N 28°13´E 118 K12 Dzisna Lith. Dysna, Rus. Disna. j Belarus/Lithuania 119 G20 Dzivin Rus. Divin. Brestskaya Voblasts’, SW Belarus 51°58´N 24°33´E 119 M15 Dzmitravichy Rus. Dmitrovichi. Minskaya Voblasts’, C Belarus

53°58´N 29°14´E Dzogsool see Bayantsagaan 162 I5 Dzöölön var. Rinchinlhumbe. Hövsgöl, N Mongolia 51°06´N 99°40´E 129 S8 Dzungaria var. Sungaria, Zungaria. physical region W China Dzungarian Basin see Junggar Pendi Dzür see Tes 162 J8 Dzüünbayan-Ulaan var. Bayan-Ulaan. Övörhangay, C Mongolia 46°38´N 102°30´E Dzüünbulag see Matad, Dornod, Mongolia Dzüünbulag see Uulbayan, Sühbaatar, Mongolia 162 L8 Dzuunmod Töv, C Mongolia 47°45´N 107°00´E Dzuunmod see Ider Dzüün Soyonï Nuruu see Vostochnyy Sayan Dzüyl see Tonhil Dzvina see Western Dvina 119 J16 Dzyarzhynsk Rus. Dzerzhinsk; prev. Kaydanovo. Minskaya Voblasts’, C Belarus 53°41´N 27°09´E 119 H17 Dzyatlava Pol. Zdzięciół, Rus. Dyatlovo. Hrodzyenskaya Voblasts’, W Belarus 53°27´N 25°23´E

E E see Hubei Éadan Doire see Edenderry 167 U12 Ea Drăng var. Ea H’leo. Ðăc Lăc, S Vietnam 37 W6 37 O13 39 T8 13 S8 10 I3 29 T7 28 M8 29 V12 19 R2 25 U11 12 A11 35 P3 19 R3 29 Y3

13°09´N 108°14´E Eads Colorado, C USA 38°28´N 102°46´W Eagar Arizona, SW USA 34°05´N 109°17´W Eagle Alaska, USA 64°47´N 141°12´W Eagle j Newfoundland and Labrador, E Canada Eagle j Yukon, NW Canada Eagle Bend Minnesota, N USA 46°10´N 95°02´W Eagle Butte South Dakota, N USA 44°58´N 101°13´W Eagle Grove Iowa, C USA 42°39´N 93°54´W Eagle Lake Maine, NE USA 47°01´N 68°35´W Eagle Lake Texas, SW USA 29°35´N 96°19´W Eagle Lake c Ontario, S Canada Eagle Lake c California, W USA Eagle Lake c Maine, NE USA

Eagle Mountain l Minnesota, N USA

37 S9

28°44´N 100°31´W

65 C25 Eagle Passage passage SW Atlantic Ocean 35 R8 Eagle Peak l California, W USA 38°11´N 119°22´W 35 Q2 Eagle Peak l California, W USA 41°16´N 120°12´W 37 P13 Eagle Peak l New Mexico, SW USA 33°39´N 109°36´W

Lake Reservoir

Eagle Plain Yukon, NW Canada 66°23´N 136°42´W

32 G15 Eagle Point Oregon, NW USA 42°28´N 122°48´W 186 P10 Eagle Point headland SE Papua New Guinea 10°31´S 149°53´E

39 R11 Eagle River Alaska, USA 61°18´N 149°38´W

30 M2 Eagle River Michigan, N USA 47°24´N 88°18´W 30 L4 Eagle River Wisconsin, N USA 45°56´N 89°15´W 21 S6 Eagle Rock Virginia, NE USA 37°40´N 79°46´W

36 J13 Eagletail Mountains m Arizona, SW USA Ea H’leo see Ea Drăng 167 U12 Ea Kar Ðăc Lăc, S Vietnam

12 B10 27 X10 35 R12 20 I6 14 H8 29 T13 96 J11 185 C21 24 M4 21 P11

97 15 195 18

64

22 25 29

97 15 44 184 174 192 97 30 11 193

153 155 82 83

80

81

155 186

11 63 19

39 29

47°54´N 90°33´W

Eagle Mountain Lake d Texas, SW USA Eagle Nest Lake d New Mexico, SW USA 25 P13 Eagle Pass Texas, SW USA 25 T6

10 I4

18 29 97 18 18

12°47´N 108°26´E Eanjum see Anjum Eanodat see Enontekiö Ear Falls Ontario, C Canada 50°38´N 93°13´W Earle Arkansas, C USA 35°16´N 90°28´W Earlimart California, W USA 35°52´N 119°17´W Earlington Kentucky, S USA 37°16´N 87°30´W Earlton Ontario, S Canada 47°41´N 79°46´W Early Iowa, C USA 42°27´N 95°09´W Earn j N Scotland, United Kingdom Earnslaw, Mount l South Island, New Zealand 44°34´S 168°26´E Earth Texas, SW USA 34°13´N 102°24´W Easley South Carolina, SE USA 34°49´N 82°36´W East see Est

East Açores Fracture Zone see East Azores Fracture Zone P19 East Anglia physical region E England, United Kingdom Q12 East Angus Québec, SE Canada 45°29´N 71°39´W V8 East Antarctica prev. Greater Antarctica. physical region Antarctica E10 East Aurora New York, NE USA 42°44´N 78°36´W East Australian Basin see Tasman Basin East Azerbaijan see Āarbāyjān-e Sharqī L9 East Azores Fracture Zone var. East Açores Fracture Zone. tectonic feature E Atlantic Ocean M11 East Bay bay Louisiana, S USA V11 East Bernard Texas, SW USA 29°32´N 96°04´W V8 East Bethel Minnesota, N USA 45°24´N 93°14´W East Borneo see Kalimantan Timur P23 Eastbourne SE England, United Kingdom 50°46´N 00°16´E R11 East-Broughton Québec, SE Canada 46°14´N 71°05´W M6 East Caicos island E Turks and Caicos Islands R7 East Cape headland North Island, New Zealand 37°40´S 178°31´E M4 East Caroline Basin undersea feature SW Pacific Ocean 04°00´N 146°45´E P4 East China Sea Chin. Dong Hai. sea W Pacific Ocean P19 East Dereham E England, United Kingdom 52°41´N 00°55´E J9 East Dubuque Illinois, N USA 42°29´N 90°38´W S17 Eastend Saskatchewan, S Canada 49°29´N 108°48´W S10 Easter Fracture Zone tectonic feature E Pacific Ocean Easter Island see Pascua, Isla de Q12 Eastern r zone E Nepal K25 Eastern r province E Sri Lanka L13 Eastern r province E Zambia H24 Eastern Cape off. Eastern Cape Province, Afr. Oos-Kaap. r province SE South Africa Eastern Cape Province see Eastern Cape C12 Eastern Darfur r state SW Sudan Eastern Desert see Sahara el Sharqîya F15 Eastern Equatoria r state SE South Sudan Eastern Euphrates see Murat Nehri J17 Eastern Ghats m SE India E7 Eastern Highlands r province C Papua New Guinea Eastern Region see Ash Sharqīyah Eastern Sayans see Vostochnyy Sayan Eastern Scheldt see Oosterschelde Eastern Sierra Madre see Madre Oriental, Sierra Eastern Transvaal see Mpumalanga W14 Easterville Manitoba, C Canada 53°06´N 99°53´W Easterwâlde see Oosterwolde M23 East Falkland var. Isla Soledad. island E Falkland Islands P12 East Falmouth Massachusetts, NE USA 41°34´N 70°31´W East Fayu see Fayu East Flanders see Oost-Vlaanderen S6 East Fork Chandalar River j Alaska, USA U12 East Fork Des Moines River j Iowa/Minnesota, C USA East Frisian Islands see Ostfriesische Inseln K10 East Glenville New York, NE USA 42°53´N 73°55´W R4 East Grand Forks Minnesota, N USA 47°54´N 97°59´W O23 East Grinstead SE England, United Kingdom 51°08´N 00°00´W M12 East Hartford Connecticut, NE USA 41°45´N 72°36´W M13 East Haven Connecticut, NE USA 41°16´N 72°52´W

245

East IndIaman RIdgE – El Hawata 173 T9 129 V16 31 Q6

96 I12 25 R7 31 Q9 35 X11 97 M23 31 V12 83 J25

96 K12 12 I10 12 J10 15 P13 23 U6 175 O3 30 K11 186 H7 29 T15 197 V12

21 X4 18 I14 193 R16

31 V12 30 L12 23 S3 19 U6 27 Z8 19 O12 20 L11 97 N16 18 F9 30 K15 65 K21 129 Y8

186 B6 173 N4

18 I14

192 I12

64 L7 171 R16

21 Y6 35 R7 182 D1 37 T3 15 Q12 11 S16 31 Q10 23 U4 32 H9 30 J6 12 J7

30 L6 188 J16 192 H7 102 K15 41 P11 97 K21 79 E17 95 H22 109 X5 18 D14 109 S5

246

East Indiaman Ridge undersea feature E Indian Ocean East Indies island group SE Asia East Java see Jawa Timur East Jordan Michigan, N USA 45°09´N 85°07´W East Kalimantan see Kalimantan Timur East Kazakhstan see Vostochnyy Kazakhstan East Kilbride S Scotland, United Kingdom 55°46´N 04°10´W Eastland Texas, SW USA 32°23´N 98°50´W East Lansing Michigan, N USA 42°44´N 84°28´W East Las Vegas Nevada, W USA 36°05´N 115°02´W Eastleigh S England, United Kingdom 50°58´N 01°22´W East Liverpool Ohio, N USA 40°37´N 80°34´W East London Afr. OosLonden; prev. Emonti, Port Rex. Eastern Cape, S South Africa 33°S 27°54´E East Lothian cultural region SE Scotland, United Kingdom Eastmain Québec, E Canada 52°11´N 78°27´W Eastmain j Québec, C Canada Eastman Québec, SE Canada 45°19´N 72°18´W Eastman Georgia, SE USA 32°12´N 83°10´W East Mariana Basin undersea feature W Pacific Ocean East Moline Illinois, N USA 41°30´N 90°26´W East New Britain r province E Papua New Guinea East Nishnabotna River j Iowa, C USA East Novaya Zemlya Trough var. Novaya Zemlya Trough. undersea feature W Kara Sea East Nusa Tenggara see Nusa Tenggara Timur Easton Maryland, NE USA 38°46´N 76°04´W Easton Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°41´N 75°13´W East Pacific Rise undersea feature E Pacific Ocean 20°00´S 115°00´W East Pakistan see Bangladesh East Palestine Ohio, N USA 40°49´N 80°32´W East Peoria Illinois, N USA 40°40´N 89°34´W East Point Georgia, SE USA 33°40´N 84°26´W Eastport Maine, NE USA 44°54´N 66°59´W East Prairie Missouri, C USA 36°46´N 89°23´W East Providence Rhode Island, NE USA 41°48´N 71°20´W East Ridge Tennessee, S USA 35°00´N 85°15´W East Riding cultural region N England, United Kingdom East Rochester New York, NE USA 43°06´N 77°29´W East Saint Louis Illinois, N USA 38°35´N 90°07´W East Scotia Basin undersea feature SE Scotia Sea East Sea var. Sea of Japan, Rus. Yapanskoye More. Sea NW Pacific Ocean see also Japan, Sea of East Sepik r province NW Papua New Guinea East Sheba Ridge undersea feature W Arabian Sea 14°30´N 56°15´E East Siberian Sea see Vostochno-Sibirskoye More East Stroudsburg Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°00´N 75°10´W East Tasmanian Rise/ East Tasmania Plateau/ East Tasmania Rise see East Tasman Plateau East Tasman Plateau var. East Tasmanian Rise, East Tasmania Plateau, East Tasmania Rise. undersea feature SW Tasman Sea East Thulean Rise undersea feature N Atlantic Ocean East Timor var. Loro Sae; prev. Portuguese Timor, Timor Timur. b country S Indonesia Eastville Virginia, NE USA 37°22´N 75°58´W East Walker River j California/Nevada, W USA Eateringinna Creek j South Australia Eaton Colorado, C USA 40°31´N 104°42´W Eaton j Québec, SE Canada Eatonia Saskatchewan, S Canada 51°13´N 109°22´W Eaton Rapids Michigan, N USA 42°30´N 84°39´W Eatonton Georgia, SE USA 33°19´N 83°23´W Eatonville Washington, NW USA 46°51´N 122°19´W Eau Claire Wisconsin, N USA 44°50´N 91°30´W Eau Claire, Lac à l’ c Québec, SE Canada Eau Claire, Lac à L’ see St. Clair, Lake Eau Claire River j Wisconsin, N USA Eauripik Atoll atoll Caroline Islands, C Micronesia Eauripik Rise undersea feature W Pacific Ocean 03°00´N 142°00´E Eauze Gers, S France 43°52´N 00°06´E Ébano San Luis Potosí, C Mexico 22°16´N 98°26´W Ebbw Vale SE Wales, United Kingdom 51°48´N 03°13´W Ebebiyin NE Equatorial Guinea 02°08´N 11°15´E Ebeltoft Midtjylland, C Denmark 56°11´N 10°42´E Ebenfurth Niederösterreich, E Austria 47°53´N 16°22´E Ebensburg Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°28´N 78°44´W Ebensee Oberösterreich, N Austria 47°48´N 13°46´E

101 H20 Eberbach BadenWürttemberg, SW Germany

49°28´N 08°58´E Eber Gölü salt lake C Turkey Eberndorf Slvn. Dobrla Vas. Kärnten, S Austria 46°33´N 14°35´E

121 U8 109 U9

Eberschwang Oberösterreich, N Austria

109 R4

158 I4 138 I3

108 H7 107 L18 79 E16 79 N21 189 T9

101 J19

97 E18

52°50´N 13°48´E Ebesfalva see Dumbrăveni Ebetsu var. Ebetu. Hokkaidō, NE Japan 43°08´N 141°37´E Ebetu see Ebetsu Ebinayon see Evinayong Ebinur Hu c NW China Ebla Ar. Tell Mardīkh. site of ancient city Idlib, NW Syria Eblana see Dublin Ebnat Sankt Gallen, NE Switzerland 47°16´N 09°07´E Eboli Campania, S Italy 40°37´N 15°03´E Ebolowa Sud, S Cameroon 02°56´N 11°11´E Ebombo Kasai-Oriental, C Dem. Rep. Congo 05°42´S 26°07´E Ebon Atoll var. Epoon. atoll Ralik Chain, S Marshall Islands Ebora see Évora Eboracum see York Eborodunum see Yverdon Ebrach Bayern, C Germany 49°49´N 10°30´E

182 L11

Ebreichsdorf Niederösterreich, E Austria

109 X5

47°58´N 16°24´E

105 S6 Ebro j NE Spain 105 N3 Ebro, Embalse del d N Spain 120 G7 Ebro Fan undersea feature W Mediterranean Sea Eburacum see York Ebusus see Ibiza Ebusus see Eivissa 99 F20 Écaussinnes-d’Enghien Hainaut, SW Belgium 21 Q6 115 L14 171 O2

115 C18 114 J12

164 J12

8

J8

35 Y11 36 L9 14 C10 35 Q7 14 L8 99 L17 101 H22 99 N24 183 N11 104 L14 100 I7 100 J7 102 L7 14 L10

50°34´N 04°10´E Ecbatana see Hamadān Eccles West Virginia, NE USA 37°46´N 81°16´W Eceabat Çanakkale, NW Turkey 40°12´N 26°22´E Echague Luzon, N Philippines 16°42´N 121°37´E Ech Cheliff/Ech Chleff see Chlef Echeng see Ezhou Echinádes island group W Greece Echínos var. Ehinos, Ekhínos. Anatolikí Makedonía kai Thráki, NE Greece 41°16´N 25°00´E Echizen see Takefu Echizen-misaki headland Honshū, SW Japan 35°59´N 135°57´E Echmiadzin see Vagharshapat Echo Bay Northwest Territories, NW Canada 66°04´N 118°W Echo Bay Nevada, W USA 36°19´N 114°27´W Echo Cliffs cliff Arizona, SW USA Echo Lake c Ontario, S Canada Echo Summit l California, W USA 38°47´N 120°06´W Échouani, Lac c Québec, SE Canada Echt Limburg, SE Netherlands 51°07´N 05°52´E Echterdingen k (Stuttgart) Baden-Württemberg, SW Germany 48°40´N 09°13´E Echternach Grevenmacher, E Luxembourg 49°49´N 06°25´E Echuca Victoria, SE Australia 36°10´S 144°20´E Ecija anc. Astigi. Andalucía, SW Spain 37°33´N 05°04´W Eckengraf see Viesīte Eckernförde SchleswigHolstein, N Germany 54°28´N 09°49´E Eckernförder Bucht inlet N Germany Écommoy Sarthe, NW France 47°51´N 00°15´E Écorce, Lac de l’ c Québec, SE Canada

15 Q8 Écorces, Rivière aux j Québec, SE Canada 56 C7 Ecuador off. Republic of Ecuador. b republic NW South America Ecuador, Republic of see Ecuador 95 I17 Ed Västra Götaland, S Sweden 98 96 25 80 80 80 80 80 183 97 29 20 98 77 79 111 183 21

58°55´N 11°55´E Ed see ‘Ĭdi I9 Edam Noord-Holland, C Netherlands 52°30´N 05°02´E K4 Eday island NE Scotland, United Kingdom S17 Edcouch Texas, SW USA 26°17´N 97°57´W C11 Ed Da‘ein Eastern Darfur, W Sudan 11°25´N 26°08´E G11 Ed Damazin var. Ad Damazīn. Blue Nile, E Sudan 11°45´N 34°20´E G8 Ed Damer var. Ad Dāmir, Ad Damar. River Nile, NE Sudan 17°37´N 33°59´E E8 Ed Debba Northern, N Sudan 18°02´N 30°56´E F10 Ed Dueim var. Ad Duwaym, Ad Duwēm. White Nile, C Sudan 13°38´N 32°36´E Q16 Eddystone Point headland Tasmania, SE Australia 41°01´S 148°18´E I25 Eddystone Rocks rocks SW England, United Kingdom W15 Eddyville Iowa, C USA 41°09´N 92°37´W H7 Eddyville Kentucky, S USA 37°03´N 88°02´W L12 Ede Gelderland, C Netherlands 52°03´N 05°40´E T16 Ede Osun, SW Nigeria 07°40´N 04°21´E D16 Edéa Littoral, SW Cameroon 03°47´N 10°08´E M20 Edelény Borsod-AbaújZemplén, NE Hungary 48°18´N 20°40´E R12 Eden New South Wales, SE Australia 37°04´S 149°51´E T8 Eden North Carolina, SE USA 36°29´N 79°46´W

Country Country Capital

Eden Texas, SW USA 31°13´N 99°51´W

97 K14 Eden j NW England, United Kingdom 83 I23 Edenburg Free State, C South Africa 29°45´S 25°57´E 185 D24 Edendale Southland, South Island, New Zealand

48°09´N 13°37´E

100 O11 Eberswalde-Finow Brandenburg, E Germany 165 T4

25 P9

21 X8 101 G16 101 H15 114 E13

29 P16 19 P13

46°18´S 168°48´E Edenderry Ir. Éadan Doire. Offaly, C Ireland 53°21´N 07°03´W Edenhope Victoria, SE Australia 37°04´S 141°15´E Edenton North Carolina, SE USA 36°04´N 76°39´W Eder j NW Germany Edersee c W Germany Édessa var. Édhessa. Kentrikí Makedonía, N Greece 40°48´N 22°03´E Edessa see Şanlıurfa Edfu see Idfū Edgar Nebraska, C USA 40°22´N 97°58´W Edgartown Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts, NE USA 41°23´N 70°30´W

39 X13 Edgecumbe, Mount l Baranof Island, Alaska, USA 57°03´N 135°45´W

21 Q13 Edgefield South Carolina, SE USA 33°50´N 81°57´W 29 P6 Edgeley North Dakota, N USA 46°19´N 98°42´W 28 I11 Edgemont South Dakota, N USA 43°18´N 103°49´W 92 O3 Edgeøya island S Svalbard 27 Q4 Edgerton Kansas, C USA 38°45´N 95°00´W

29 S10 Edgerton Minnesota, N USA 21 X3 25 V6 29 V9 27 U2 25 S17 65 M24

96 J12 31 P14 96 J12 116 L8

136 B9

136 B11 18 K15 21 S15 21 R14 33 S10 27 N10 32 H8 11 Q14 20 K7 11 Q14 29 P3 13 N13 25 U12 39 X14 77 U16 106 F6 64 L6 96 G7 136 B12 136 B12 95 P14 95 N18 94 M12 11 O14 62 K13

43°52´N 96°07´W Edgewood Maryland, NE USA 39°20´N 76°21´W Edgewood Texas, SW USA 32°42´N 95°53´W Édhessa see Édessa Edina Minnesota, N USA 44°53´N 93°21´W Edina Missouri, C USA 40°10´N 92°10´W Edinburg Texas, SW USA 26°18´N 98°10´W Edinburgh var. Settlement of Edinburgh. q (Tristan da Cunha) NW Tristan da Cunha 37°03´S 12°18´W Edinburgh s S Scotland, United Kingdom 55°57´N 03°13´W Edinburgh Indiana, N USA 39°19´N 86°00´W Edinburgh k S Scotland, United Kingdom 55°57´N 03°22´W Edine var. Edinei, Rus. Yedintsy. NW Moldova 48°10´N 27°18´E Edinei see Edine Edingen see Enghien Edirne Eng. Adrianople; anc. Adrianopolis, Hadrianopolis. Edirne, NW Turkey 41°40´N 26°34´E Edirne r province NW Turkey Edison New Jersey, NE USA 40°31´N 74°24´W Edisto Island South Carolina, SE USA 32°34´N 80°17´W Edisto River j South Carolina, SE USA Edith, Mount l Montana, NW USA 46°25´N 111°10´W Edmond Oklahoma, C USA 35°40´N 97°30´W Edmonds Washington, NW USA 47°48´N 122°22´W Edmonton province capital Alberta, SW Canada 53°34´N 113°25´W Edmonton Kentucky, S USA 36°59´N 85°39´W Edmonton k Alberta, SW Canada 53°22´N 113°43´W Edmore North Dakota, N USA 48°22´N 98°26´W Edmundston New Brunswick, SE Canada 47°22´N 68°20´W Edna Texas, SW USA 29°00´N 96°41´W Edna Bay Kosciusko Island, Alaska, USA 55°54´N 133°40´W Edo r state S Nigeria Edolo Lombardia, N Italy 46°13´N 10°20´E Edoras Bank undersea feature C Atlantic Ocean Edrachillis Bay bay NW Scotland, United Kingdom Edremit Balıkesir, NW Turkey 39°34´N 27°01´E Edremit Körfezi gulf NW Turkey Edsbro Stockholm, C Sweden 59°54´N 18°30´E Edsbruk Kalmar, S Sweden 58°01´N 16°30´E Edsbyn Gävleborg, C Sweden 61°22´N 15°45´E Edson Alberta, SW Canada 53°36´N 116°28´W Eduardo Castex La Pampa, C Argentina 35°55´S 64°18´W

58 F12 Eduardo Gomes k (Manaus) Amazonas, NW Brazil 05°55´S 35°15´W Edwardesabad see Bannu 67 U9 Edward, Lake var. Albert Edward Nyanza, Edward Nyanza, Lac Idi Amin, Lake Rutanzige. c Uganda/Dem. Rep. Congo Edward Nyanza see Edward, Lake 22 K5 Edwards Mississippi, S USA 32°19´N 90°36´W

25 O10 Edwards Plateau plain Texas, SW USA 30 J11 Edwards River j Illinois, N USA 30 K15 Edwardsville Illinois, N USA 195 X4 195 O13 10 J11 23 H16 39 N12 99 D16

39 N12

38°48´N 89°57´W

Edward VIII Gulf bay Antarctica Edward VII Peninsula peninsula Antarctica Edziza, Mount l British Columbia, W Canada 57°43´N 130°39´W Edzo prev. Rae-Edzo. Northwest Territories, NW Canada 62°44´N 115°55´W Eek Alaska, USA 60°13´N 162°01´W Eeklo var. Eekloo. OostVlaanderen, NW Belgium 51°11´N 03°34´E Eekloo see Eeklo Eek River j Alaska, USA

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

98 N6 Eelde Drenthe, NE Netherlands 34 L5 31 P12 98 O4 98 O5 98 M11 99 C17 99 J15 187 R14

109 S4 30 M15 117 N15 117 N15

107 G23 35 X6 14 K12 39 O14

111 L21

53°07´N 06°30´E Eel River j California, W USA Eel River j Indiana, N USA Eems see Ems Eemshaven Groningen, NE Netherlands 53°28´N 06°50´E Eems Kanaal canal NE Netherlands Eerbeek Gelderland, E Netherlands 52°07´N 06°04´E Eernegem West-Vlaanderen, W Belgium 51°08´N 03°03´E Eersel Noord-Brabant, S Netherlands 51°22´N 05°19´E Eesti Vabariik see Estonia Efate var. Efate, Fr. Vaté; prev. Sandwich Island. island C Vanuatu Efate see Efate Eferding Oberösterreich, N Austria 48°18´N 14°00´E Effingham Illinois, N USA 39°07´N 88°32´W Eforie-Nord Constana, SE Romania 44°04´N 28°37´E Eforie-Sud Constana, E Romania 44°00´N 28°38´E Efyrnwy, Afon see Vyrnwy Eg see Hentiy Egadi, Isole island group S Italy Egan Range m Nevada, W USA Eganville Ontario, SE Canada 45°33´N 77°03´W Ege Denizi see Aegean Sea Egegik Alaska, USA 58°13´N 157°22´W Egentliga Finland see Varsinais-Suomi Egentliga Tavastland see Kanta-Häme Eger Ger. Erlau. Heves, NE Hungary 47°54´N 20°22´E Eger see Cheb, Czech Republic Eger see Ohre, Czech Republic/Germany

Egeria Fracture Zone tectonic feature W Indian Ocean 95 C17 Egersund Rogaland, S Norway 58°27´N 06°01´E 108 J7 Egg Vorarlberg, NW Austria 173 P8

47°27´N 09°55´E

101 H14 Egge-gebirge m C Germany 109 Q4 Eggelsberg Oberösterreich, N Austria 48°04´N 13°00´E 109 W2 Eggenburg Niederösterreich, NE Austria 48°29´N 15°49´E 101 N22 Eggenfelden Bayern, SE Germany 48°24´N 12°45´E 18 J17 Egg Harbor City New Jersey, NE USA 39°31´N 74°39´W 65 G25 Egg Island island W Saint Helena 183 N14 Egg Lagoon Tasmania, SE Australia 39°42´S 143°57´E 99 I20 Éghezèe Namur, C Belgium 92 L2

103 N12 98 H9

184 J10

136 I15 95 G23 123 U5

75 V9

30 L17 162 I14 164 F14

101 I23

21 R14 108 L7 191 W6 105 P2 98 O11 109 V9 109 P8 101 J15 101 K21 100 H8 94 E13 94 D13 94 F9 95 I14

50°36´N 04°55´E Egilsstaðir Austurland, E Iceland 65°14´N 14°21´W Egina see Aígina Egindibulaq see Yegindybulak Egio see Aígio Égletons Corrèze, C France 45°24´N 02°01´E Egmond aan Zee NoordHolland, NW Netherlands 52°37´N 04°37´E Egmont see Taranaki, Mount Egmont, Cape headland North Island, New Zealand 39°18´S 173°44´E Egoli see Johannesburg Eğridir Gölü c W Turkey Eğri Palanka see Kriva Palanka Egtved Syddanmark, C Denmark 55°34´N 09°18´E Egvekinot Chukotskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug, NE Russian Federation 66°13´N 178°55´W Egypt off. Arab Republic of Egypt, Ar. Jumhūrīyah Mişr al ‘Arabīyah, prev. United Arab Republic; anc. Aegyptus. b republic NE Africa Egypt, Lake Of d Illinois, N USA Ehen Hudag var. Alx Youqi. Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China 39°12´N 101°40´E Ehime off. Ehime-ken. r prefecture Shikoku, SW Japan Ehime-ken see Ehime Ehingen BadenWürttemberg, S Germany 48°16´N 09°43´E Ehinos see Echínos Ehrhardt South Carolina, SE USA 33°06´N 81°00´W Ehrwald Tirol, W Austria 47°24´N 10°52´E Eiao island Îles Marquises, NE French Polynesia Eibar País Vasco, N Spain 43°11´N 02°28´W Eibergen Gelderland, E Netherlands 52°06´N 06°39´E Eibiswald Steiermark, SE Austria 46°40´N 15°15´E Eichham l SW Austria 47°04´N 12°24´E Eichsfeld hill range C Germany Eichstätt Bayern, SE Germany 48°53´N 11°11´E Eider j N Germany Eidfjord Hordaland, S Norway 60°26´N 07°05´E Eidfjorden fjord S Norway Eidsvåg Møre og Romsdal, S Norway 62°46´N 08°00´E Eidsvoll Akershus, S Norway 60°19´N 11°14´E

92 N2 Eidsvollfjellet l NW Svalbard

79°13´N 13°23´E Eier-Berg see Suur Munamägi 101 D18 Eifel plateau W Germany 108 E9 Eiger l C Switzerland 46°33´N 08°02´E 96 G10 Eigg island W Scotland, United Kingdom

155 D24 Eight Degree Channel channel India/Maldives 44 G1 Eight Mile Rock Grand Bahama Island, N The Bahamas 26°28´N 78°43´W 194 J9 Eights Coast physical region Antarctica 180 K6 Eighty Mile Beach beach Western Australia

Administrative Regions International Airport

99 L18 Eijsden Limburg, SE Netherlands

115 C17 Eláti l Lefkáda, Iónia Nisiá, Greece, C Mediterranean Sea

95 G15

188 L16

183 O12 183 O12 80 E8 101 N15 94 H13 138 E12 101 I14 99 K15 108 G8

64 I6 92 I3 59 B14 99 L17 83 F18 101 J16 109 U6

50°47´N 05°41´E Eikeren c S Norway Eil see Eyl Eilat see Elat Eildon Victoria, SE Australia 37°17´S 145°57´E Eildon, Lake c Victoria, SE Australia Eilei Northern Kordofan, C Sudan 16°33´N 30°54´E Eilenburg Sachsen, E Germany 51°28´N 12°37´E Eil Malk see Mecherchar Eina Oppland, S Norway 60°37´N 10°37´E Ein Avdat prev. En ‘Avedat. well S Israel Einbeck Niedersachsen, C Germany 51°49´N 09°52´E Eindhoven Noord-Brabant, S Netherlands 51°26´N 05°30´E Einsiedeln Schwyz, NE Switzerland 47°07´N 08°45´E Eipel see Ipel’ Éire see Ireland Éireann, Muir see Irish Sea Eirik Outer Ridge see Eirik Ridge Eirik Ridge var. Eirik Outer Ridge. undersea feature E Labrador Sea Eiríksjökull l C Iceland 64°47´N 20°23´W Eirunepé Amazonas, N Brazil 06°38´S 69°53´W Eisden Limburg, NE Belgium 51°05´N 05°42´E Eiseb j Botswana/Namibia Eisen see Yeongcheon Eisenach Thüringen, C Germany 50°59´N 10°19´E Eisenburg see Vasvár Eisenerz Steiermark, SE Austria 47°33´N 14°53´E

100 Q13 Eisenhüttenstadt Brandenburg, E Germany 52°09´N 14°36´E

109 U10 Eisenkappel Slvn. Železna Kapela. Kärnten, S Austria

46°27´N 14°33´E Eisenmarkt see Hunedoara Eisenstadt Burgenland, E Austria 47°50´N 16°32´E Eishū see Yeongju 119 H15 Eišiškes Vilnius, SE Lithuania 54°10´N 24°59´E 101 L15 Eisleben Sachsen-Anhalt, C Germany 51°32´N 11°33´E 190 I3 Eita Tarawa, W Kiribati 01°21´N 173°05´E Eitape see Aitape 105 V11 Eivissa var. Iviza, Cast. Ibiza; anc. Ebusus. Ibiza, Spain, W Mediterranean Sea 38°54´N 01°26´E Eivissa see Ibiza

109 Y5

105 R4

Ejea de los Caballeros Aragón, NE Spain

40 E8

Ejido Insurgentes Baja California Sur, NW Mexico

80 C7 74 H6 137 N14 137 O14 23 Q7 106 E13 123 S13 54 F6 104 L8

138 H7 El Barouk, Jabal m C Lebanon 113 L20 Elbasan var. Elbasani. Elbasan, C Albania 41°07´N 20°04´E

113 L20 Elbasan r district C Albania Elbasani see Elbasan 54 K6 El Baúl Cojedes, C Venezuela 08°59´N 68°16´W

16°33´N 96°40´W

Ejutla de Crespo see Ejutla 33 Y10 Ekalaka Montana, NW USA

93 L20 146 B13

184 M13

123 R13 95 O15 80 I7 95 L19 93 I15 39 O13

45°52´N 104°32´W Ekapa see Cape Town Ekaterinodar see Krasnodar Ekenäs Fin. Tammisaari. Uusimaa, SW Finland 60°00´N 23°30´E Ekerem Rus. Okarem. Balkan Welaýaty, W Turkmenistan 38°06´N 53°52´E Eketahuna ManawatuWanganui, North Island, New Zealand 40°41´S 175°40´E Ekhínos see Echínos Ekiatapskiy Khrebet see Ekvyvatapskiy Khrebet Ekibastuz see Yekibastuz Ekimchan Amurskaya Oblast’, SE Russian Federation 53°04´N 132°56´E Ekoln c C Sweden Ekowit Red Sea, NE Sudan 18°46´N 37°07´E Eksjö Jönköping, S Sweden 57°40´N 15°00´E Ekträsk Västerbotten, N Sweden 64°28´N 19°49´E Ekuk Alaska, USA 58°48´N 158°25´W

123 U5 Ekvyvatapskiy Khrebet prev. Ekiatapskiy Khrebet. m NE Russian Federation 12 F9 Ekwan j Ontario, C Canada 39 O13 Ekwok Alaska, USA 166 M6 81 N15 115 F22 115 F22

41 Q12 57 J18

54 I8 171 R13

40 D6 115 L25 115 E15 105 N2 138 F14

59°21´N 157°28´W Ela Mandalay, C Myanmar (Burma) 19°37´N 96°15´E El Aaiun see El Ayoun Ēl Ābrēd Sumalē, E Ethiopia 05°33´N 45°12´E Elafónisos island S Greece Elafonísou, Porthmós strait S Greece El-Aïoun see El Ayoun El ‘Alamein see Al ‘Alamayn El Alazán Veracruz-Llave, C Mexico 21°06´N 97°43´W El Alto var. La Paz. k (La Paz) La Paz, W Bolivia 16°31´S 68°07´W Elam see Īlām El Amparo see El Amparo de Apure El Amparo de Apure var. El Amparo. Apure, C Venezuela 07°07´N 70°47´W Elara Pulau Ambelau, E Indonesia 03°49´S 127°10´E El Araïch/El Araïche see Larache El Arco Baja California Norte, NW Mexico 28°03´N 113°25´W El ‘Arîsh see Al ‘Arīsh Elása island SE Greece El Asnam see Chlef Elassón see Elassóna Elassóna prev. Elassón. Thessalía, C Greece 39°53´N 22°10´E El Astillero Cantabria, N Spain 43°23´N 03°45´W Elat var. Eilat, Elath. Southern, S Israel 29°33´N 34°57´E Elat, Gulf of see Aqaba, Gulf of Elath see Elat, Israel Elath see Al ‘Aqabah, Jordan

Mountain Mountain Range

42°21´N 93°06´W

60 G12 Eldorado Misiones, NE Argentina 26°24´S 54°38´W 40 I9 El Dorado Sinaloa, C Mexico 24°19´N 107°23´W

27 U14 El Dorado Arkansas, C USA 33°12´N 92°40´W

30 M17 Eldorado Illinois, N USA 37°48´N 88°26´W

27 O6 El Dorado Kansas, C USA 37°51´N 96°52´W

26 K12 Eldorado Oklahoma, C USA 34°28´N 99°39´W

25 O9 Eldorado Texas, SW USA 30°53´N 100°37´W

55 Q8 El Dorado Bolívar, E Venezuela 06°45´N 61°37´W 54 F10 El Dorado k (Bogotá) Cundinamarca, C Colombia 01°15´N 71°52´W

El Dorado see California 27 O6 El Dorado Lake d Kansas, C USA 27 S6 El Dorado Springs Missouri, C USA 37°53´N 94°01´W 81 H18 Eldoret Uasin Gishu, W Kenya 0°31´N 35°17´E 29 Z14 Eldridge Iowa, C USA 41°39´N 90°34´W

115 G19

33°15´N 98°58´W

34°06´N 82°52´W

100 K11 Elbe-Seiten-Kanal canal N Germany 102 M4 Elbeuf Seine-Maritime, N France 49°16´N 01°01´E Elbing see Elbląg 136 M15 Elbistan Kahramanmaraş, S Turkey 38°14´N 37°11´E 110 K7 Elbląg var. Elblag, Ger. Elbing. WarmińskoMazurskie, NE Poland

07°23´N 01°22´W

41 R16 Ejutla var. Ejutla de Crespo. Oaxaca, SE Mexico

38°21´N 92°34´W

54 E13 El Doncello Caquetá, S Colombia 01°43´N 75°17´W 29 W13 Eldora Iowa, C USA

Elbert, Mount l Colorado, C USA 39°07´N 106°26´W 23 U3 Elberton Georgia, SE USA 37 R5

105 P11

Ejmiadzin/Ejmiatsin see Vagharshapat 77 P16 Ejura C Ghana

40°55´N 92°13´W

27 U5 Eldon Missouri, C USA

95 J21 Eldsberga Halland, S Sweden

63 H17

25°18´N 111°51´W Ejin Qi see Dalain Hob

123 R10 El’dikan Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 60°46´N 135°04´E El Djazaïr see Alger El Djelfa see Djelfa 29 X15 Eldon Iowa, C USA

86 D11 Elbe Cz. Labe. j Czech Republic/Germany 100 L13 Elbe-Havel-Kanal canal E Germany 100 K9 Elbe-Lübeck-Kanal canal N Germany 57 L15 El Beni var. El Beni. r department N Bolivia El Beni see El Beni 138 H7 El Beqaa var. Al Biqā‘, Bekaa Valley. valley E Lebanon 25 R6 Elbert Texas, SW USA

43 N10

42°07´N 01°09´W

38°43´N 20°38´E Elato Atoll atoll Caroline Islands, C Micronesia El‘Atrun Northern Darfur, NW Sudan 18°11´N 26°40´E El Ayoun var. El Aaiun, El-Aïoun, La Youne. NE Morocco 34°39´N 02°29´W Elâzīğ var. Elâzig, Elâziz. Elâzığ, E Turkey 38°41´N 39°14´E Elâzīğ var. Elâzig, Elâziz. r province C Turkey Elâzig/Elâziz see Elâzīğ Elba Alabama, S USA 31°24´N 86°04´W Elba, Isola d’ island Archipelago Toscano, C Italy El’ban Khabarovskiy Kray, E Russian Federation 50°03´N 136°34´E El Banco Magdalena, N Colombia 09°00´N 74°01´W El Barco see O Barco El Barco de Ávila Castilla y León, N Spain 40°21´N 05°31´W El Barco de Valdeorras see O Barco

11 T16 29 S7 127 N16

126 M15

98 L10 105 O6

35 V17 63 H22 55 Q8 25 U12 54 I7 35 Q8 54 H5 62 J5 54 E5 55 O8 42 M12

35 X17 55 N6 105 S12 105 Q12 41 U15 40 C2 181 R1 63 H18 105 R12 100 M10 98 L12 81 J16 40 B2 40 E3 54 F5

Volcano River

54°10´N 19°25´E El Bluff Región Autónoma Atlántico Sur, SE Nicaragua 12°00´N 83°40´W El Bolsón Río Negro, W Argentina 41°59´S 71°35´W El Bonillo CastillaLa Mancha, C Spain 38°57´N 02°32´W El Bordo see Patía El Boulaida/El Boulaïda see Blida Elbow Saskatchewan, S Canada 51°07´N 106°30´W Elbow Lake Minnesota, N USA 45°59´N 95°58´W El’brus var. Gora El’brus. l SW Russian Federation 42°29´E 43°21´N El’brus, Gora see El’brus El’brusskiy KarachayevoCherkesskaya Respublika, SW Russian Federation 43°36´N 42°06´E El Buhayrat see Lakes El Bur see Ceel Buur Elburg Gelderland, E Netherlands 52°27´N 05°46´E El Burgo de Osma Castilla y León, C Spain 41°36´N 03°04´W Elburz Mountains see Alborz, Reshteh-ye Kūhhā-ye El Cajon California, W USA 32°46´N 116°52´W El Calafate var. Calafate. Santa Cruz, S Argentina 50°20´S 72°13´W El Callao Bolívar, E Venezuela 07°18´N 61°48´W El Campo Texas, SW USA 29°12´N 96°16´W El Cantón Barinas, W Venezuela 07°23´N 71°10´W El Capitan l California, W USA 37°46´N 119°39´W El Carmelo Zulia, NW Venezuela 10°20´N 71°48´W El Carmen Jujuy, NW Argentina 24°24´S 65°16´W

El Carmen de Bolívar Bolívar, NW Colombia 09°43´N 75°07´W El Casabe Bolívar, SE Venezuela 06°26´N 63°35´W El Castillo de La Concepción Río San Juan, SE Nicaragua 11°01´N 84°24´W El Cayo see San Ignacio El Centro California, W USA 32°47´N 115°33´W El Chaparro Anzoátegui, NE Venezuela 09°12´N 65°03´W Elche Cat. Elx; anc. Ilici, Lat. Illicis. Valenciana, E Spain 38°16´N 00°41´W Elche de la Sierra Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 38°27´N 02°03´W El Chichónal, Volcán i SE Mexico 17°20´N 93°12´W El Chinero Baja California Norte, NW Mexico Elcho Island island Wessel Islands, Northern Territory, N Australia El Corcovado Chubut, SW Argentina 43°31´S 71°30´W Elda Valenciana, E Spain 38°29´N 00°47´W Elde j NE Germany Elden Gelderland, E Netherlands 51°57´N 05°53´E El Der spring/well S Ethiopia 03°55´N 39°48´E El Dere see Ceel Dheere El Descanso Baja California Norte, NW Mexico 32°08´N 116°51´W El Desemboque Sonora, NW Mexico 30°33´N 112°59´W El Difícil var. Ariguaní. Magdalena, N Colombia 09°55´N 74°12´W

Lake Reservoir

25 R4 37 Q7 38 B8

115 H19

114 I13

74 F10 118 F10 119 G14 126 L3 81 H15 114 K9 54 G16

56°36´N 13°00´E Electra Texas, SW USA 34°01´N 98°55´W Electra Lake d Colorado, C USA ‘Ele‘ele var. Eleele. Kaua‘i, Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 21°54´N 159°35´W Eleele see ‘Ele‘ele Elefantes see Lepelle Elefsína prev. Elevsís. Attikí, C Greece 38°02´N 23°33´E Eléftheres anc. Eleutherae. site of ancient city Attikí/ Stereá Elláda, C Greece Eleftheroúpoli prev. Elevtheroúpolis. Anatolikí Makedonía kai Thráki, NE Greece 40°55´N 24°15´E El Eglab m SW Algeria Eleja C Latvia 56°24´N 23°41´E Elek see Yelek Elektrėnai Vilnius, SE Lithuania 54°47´N 24°35´E Elektrostal’ Moskovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 55°47´N 38°24´E Elemi Triangle disputed region Kenya/Sudan Elena Veliko Tarnovo, N Bulgaria 42°55´N 25°53´E El Encanto Amazonas, S Colombia 01°45´S 73°12´W

37 R14 Elephant Butte Reservoir d New Mexico, SW USA Éléphant, Chaîne de l’ see Dâmrei, Chuŏr Phmun 194 G2 Elephant Island island South Shetland Islands, Antarctica Elephant River see Olifants El Escorial see San Lorenzo de El Escorial Élesd see Aleşd 114 F11 Eleshnitsa j W Bulgaria 137 S13 Eleşkirt Ağrı, E Turkey 42 F5

39°22´N 42°48´E

El Estor Izabal, E Guatemala 15°37´N 89°22´W

Eleutherae see Eléftheres Eleuthera Island island N The Bahamas 37 S5 Elevenmile Canyon Reservoir d Colorado, C USA 27 W8 Eleven Point River j Arkansas/Missouri, C USA Elevsís see Elefsína Elevtheroúpolis see Eleftheroúpoli El Faiyûm see Al Fayyūm 80 B10 El Fasher var. Al Fāshir. Northern Darfur, W Sudan 44 I2

13°37´N 25°22´E El Fashn see Al Fashn

El Ferrol/El Ferrol del Caudillo see Ferrol 39 W13 Elfin Cove Chichagof Island, Alaska, USA 58°09´N 136°16´W 105 W4 El Fluvià j NE Spain 40 H7 El Fuerte Sinaloa, W Mexico 26°28´N 108°35´W

80 D11 El Fula Western Kordofan, C Sudan 11°44´N 28°20´E El Gedaref see Gedaref 80 A10 El Geneina var. Ajjinena, Al-Genain, Al Junaynah. Western Darfur, W Sudan 13°27´N 22°30´E

81 I18 Elgeyo/Marakwet r county W Kenya 96 J8 Elgin NE Scotland, United Kingdom 57°39´N 03°20´W 30 M10 Elgin Illinois, N USA 42°02´N 88°16´W

29 P14 Elgin Nebraska, C USA

41°58´N 98°04´W Elgin Nevada, W USA 37°19´N 114°30´W 28 L6 Elgin North Dakota, N USA 46°24´N 101°51´W 26 M12 Elgin Oklahoma, C USA 34°46´N 98°17´W 25 T10 Elgin Texas, SW USA 30°21´N 97°22´W 123 R9 El’ginskiy Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 64°27´N 141°57´E El Gîza see Giza 74 J8 El Goléa var. Al Golea. C Algeria 30°35´N 02°59´E

35 Y9

40 D2 El Golfo de Santa Clara Sonora, NW Mexico 31°48´N 114°40´W

81 G18 Elgon, Mount l E Uganda 01°07´N 34°29´E

94 I10 Elgpiggen l S Norway 105 T4

62°13´N 11°18´E El Grado Aragón, NE Spain 42°09´N 00°13´E

El Guaje, Laguna d NE Mexico 54 H6 El Guayabo Zulia, W Venezuela 08°37´N 72°20´W 77 O6 El Gueṭṭâra oasis N Mali 76 J6 El Ḥammâmi desert N Mauritania 76 M5 El Ḥank cliff N Mauritania El Haseke see Al Ḩasakah 80 H10 El Hawata Gedaref, E Sudan 40 L6

13°25´N 34°42´E

El Higo – ErdEnEtsagaan El Higo see Higos 114 L10 Elhovo var. Elkhovo; prev. Kizilagach. Yambol, E Bulgaria 42°10´N 26°34´E 171 T16 Eliase Pulau Selaru, E Indonesia 08°16´S 130°49´E Elías Piña see Comendador 25 R6 Eliasville Texas, SW USA 37 V13 115 F18 67 T10 39 N9

61 B16

127 O13 182 I9 21 Q3

32°55´N 98°46´W Elichpur see Achalpur Elida New Mexico, SW USA 33°57´N 103°39´W Elikónas m C Greece Elila j W Dem. Rep. Congo Elim Alaska, USA 64°37´N 162°15´W Elimberrum see Auch Eliocroca see Lorca Elisa Santa Fe, C Argentina 30°42´S 61°04´W Elisabethstedt see Dumbrăveni Élisabethville see Lubumbashi Elista Respublika Kalmykiya, SW Russian Federation 46°18´N 44°09´E Elizabeth South Australia 34°44´S 138°39´E Elizabeth West Virginia, NE USA 39°04´N 81°24´W

19 Q9 Elizabeth, Cape headland Maine, NE USA 21 Y8

43°34´N 70°12´W

Elizabeth City North Carolina, SE USA 36°18´N 76°16´W

Elizabethton Tennessee, S USA 36°22´N 82°15´W 30 M17 Elizabethtown Illinois, N USA 37°24´N 88°21´W 20 K6 Elizabethtown Kentucky, S USA 37°41´N 85°51´W 18 L7 Elizabethtown New York, NE USA 44°13´N 73°38´W 21 U11 Elizabethtown North Carolina, SE USA 21 P8

34°36´N 78°36´W

18 G15 Elizabethtown Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°08´N 76°36´W 74 E6 El-Jadida prev. Mazagan. W Morocco 33°15´N 08°27´W El Jafr see Jafr, Qā‘ al 80 F11 El Jebelein White Nile, E Sudan 12°38´N 32°51´E 110 N8 Ełk Ger. Lyck. Warmińskomazurskie, NE Poland 53°51´N 22°20´E

110 O8 Ełk j NE Poland 29 Y12 Elkader Iowa, C USA 80 G9 33 N11 26 K10 27 P7 34 M5 28 J10 74 M5 74 F7

11 P17 80 E7 31 P11 26 H7 25 V8 30 M7

42°51´N 91°24´W El Kamlin Gezira, C Sudan 15°03´N 33°11´E Elk City Idaho, NW USA 45°50´N 115°28´W Elk City Oklahoma, C USA 35°24´N 99°24´W Elk City Lake d Kansas, C USA Elk Creek California, W USA 39°34´N 122°34´W Elk Creek j South Dakota, N USA El Kef var. Al Kāf, Le Kef. NW Tunisia 36°13´N 08°44´E El Kelâa Srarhna var. Kal al Sraghna. C Morocco 32°05´N 07°20´W El Kerak see Al Karak Elkford British Columbia, SW Canada 49°58´N 114°57´W El Khalil see Hebron El Khandaq Northern, N Sudan 18°34´N 30°34´E El Khârga see Al Khārijah Elkhart Indiana, N USA 41°40´N 85°58´W Elkhart Kansas, C USA 37°00´N 101°51´W Elkhart Texas, SW USA 31°37´N 95°34´W Elkhart Lake c Wisconsin, N USA El Khartûm see Khartoum

37 Q3 Elkhead Mountains m Colorado, C USA 18 I12 Elk Hill l Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°42´N 75°33´W 138 G8 El Khiyam var. Al Khiyām, Khiam. S Lebanon

29 R14 127 O16

21 R8 21 S4 195 X3 14 G8 31 P6 18 F12 35 W3 11 R14 29 R12 29 V8 20 J10 21 R4 20 I7 21 Y2 29 R10 20 I10 21 U5

81 L15 80 D12 39 S12 23 S6 197 P9 29 V10

41°43´N 74°24´W

Ellep see Lib 21 T10 Ellerbe North Carolina, SE USA 35°04´N 79°45´W 197 P10 Ellesmere Island island Queen Elizabeth Islands, Nunavut, N Canada 185 H19 Ellesmere, Lake c South Island, New Zealand 97 K18 Ellesmere Port C England, United Kingdom 53°17´N 02°54´W

31 O14 Ellettsville Indiana, N USA 99 E19 8

L7

21 W3 23 S2 27 W7 26 L5 83 J24 14 D10 181 X6 21 T5 26 K4 182 F8 22 M7 105 V5 96 L9

21 S13 26 M4 19 S7 30 I6

39°13´N 86°37´W Ellezelles Hainaut, SW Belgium 50°44´N 03°40´E Ellice j Nunavut, NE Canada Ellice Islands see Tuvalu Ellichpur see Achalpur Ellicott City Maryland, NE USA 39°16´N 76°48´W Ellijay Georgia, SE USA 34°42´N 84°28´W Ellington Missouri, C USA 37°14´N 90°58´W Ellinwood Kansas, C USA 38°21´N 98°34´W Elliot Eastern Cape, SE South Africa 31°20´S 27°51´E Elliot Lake Ontario, S Canada 46°24´N 82°38´W Elliot, Mount l  Queensland, E Australia 19°36´S 147°02´E Elliott Knob l Virginia, NE USA 38°10´N 79°18´W Ellis Kansas, C USA 38°56´N 99°33´W Elliston South Australia 33°40´S 134°56´E Ellisville Mississippi, S USA 31°36´N 89°12´W El Llobregat j NE Spain Ellon NE Scotland, United Kingdom 57°22´N 02°06´W Ellore see Elūru Elloree South Carolina, SE USA 33°34´N 80°37´W Ellsworth Kansas, C USA 38°45´N 98°15´W Ellsworth Maine, NE USA 44°32´N 68°25´W Ellsworth Wisconsin, N USA 44°44´N 92°29´W

26 M11 Ellsworth, Lake d Oklahoma, C USA 194 K9 Ellsworth Land physical region Antarctica 194 L9 Ellsworth Mountains m Antarctica 101 J21 Ellwangen BadenWürttemberg, S Germany

El Oued var. Al Oued, El Ouâdi, El Wad. NE Algeria 33°20´N 06°53´E 36 L15 Eloy Arizona, SW USA 32°47´N 111°33´W 55 Q7 El Palmar Bolívar, E Venezuela 08°01´N 61°53´W 40 K8 El Palmito Durango, W Mexico 25°40´N 104°59´W 55 P7 El Pao Bolívar, E Venezuela 08°03´N 62°40´W 54 K5 El Pao Cojedes, N Venezuela 09°40´N 68°08´W 42 J7 El Paraíso El Paraíso, S Honduras 13°51´N 86°31´W 42 I7 El Paraíso r department SE Honduras 30 L12 El Paso Illinois, N USA 40°44´N 89°01´W 24 G8 El Paso Texas, SW USA 31°45´N 106°30´W 24 G8 El Paso k Texas, SW USA 31°48´N 106°24´W 105 U7 El Perelló Cataluña, NE Spain 40°53´N 00°43´E 55 P5 El Pilar Sucre, NE Venezuela 10°31´N 63°12´W 74 L7

43 105 42 42

104 104 62

40 62

43

46°55´N 09°09´E

26 40

30°59´N 31°10´E

El Mahbas var. Mahbés. SW Western Sahara

104 11

27°26´N 09°09´W

63 H17 El Maitén Chubut, W Argentina 42°03´S 71°10´W 136 E16 Elmalı Antalya, SW Turkey

30 25

36°43´N 29°19´E

80 G10 El Manaqil Gezira, C Sudan 54 M12 55 P8 29 O16 77 V9 108 K7

41°17´N 96°13´W Elkhorn Wisconsin, N USA 42°40´N 88°34´W Elkhorn River j Nebraska, C USA El’khotovo Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, SW Russian Federation 43°18´N 44°17´E Elkhovo see Elhovo Elkin North Carolina, SE USA 36°14´N 80°51´W Elkins West Virginia, NE USA 38°56´N 79°53´W Elkins, Mount l Antarctica 66°25´S 53°54´E Elk Lake Ontario, S Canada 47°44´N 80°19´W Elk Lake c Michigan, N USA Elkland Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°59´N 77°16´W Elko Nevada, W USA 40°48´N 115°46´W Elk Point Alberta, SW Canada 53°52´N 110°49´W Elk Point South Dakota, N USA 42°42´N 96°37´W Elk River Minnesota, N USA 45°18´N 93°34´W Elk River j Alabama/ Tennessee, S USA Elk River j West Virginia, NE USA Elkton Kentucky, S USA 36°49´N 87°11´W Elkton Maryland, NE USA 39°37´N 75°50´W Elkton South Dakota, N USA 44°14´N 96°28´W Elkton Tennessee, S USA 35°01´N 86°51´W Elkton Virginia, NE USA 38°22´N 78°35´W El Kuneitra see Al Qunayţirah El Kure Somali, E Ethiopia 05°37´N 42°05´E El Lagowa Western Kordofan, C Sudan 11°23´N 29°10´E Ellamar Alaska, USA 60°54´N 146°37´W Ellás see Greece Ellaville Georgia, SE USA 32°14´N 84°18´W Ellef Ringnes Island island Nunavut, N Canada Ellendale Minnesota, N USA 43°53´N 93°19´W

18 I16 138 G6 14 F15 18 G11 36 K13 29 O7 105 N7 76 L7 76 L5 76 L8 29 P8 100 I9 80 D12

14 G14 30 K12 26 J8 103 P17 54 F11 171 N5 62 I12 75 W7 80 E10 41 O13 56 B8 61 B19 54 J8

14°12´N 33°01´E El Mango Amazonas, S Venezuela 01°55´N 66°35´W El Manṣûra see Al Manşūrah El Manteco Bolívar, E Venezuela 07°27´N 62°32´W Elm Creek Nebraska, C USA 40°43´N 99°22´W El Mediyya see Médéa Elméki Agadez, C Niger 17°52´N 08°07´E Elmen Tirol, W Austria 47°22´N 10°34´E Elmer New Jersey, NE USA 39°34´N 75°09´W El Mina var. Al Mīnā’. N Lebanon 34°28´N 35°49´E El Minya see Al Minyā Elmira Ontario, S Canada 43°35´N 80°34´W Elmira New York, NE USA 42°06´N 76°50´W El Mirage Arizona, SW USA 33°36´N 112°19´W Elm Lake d South Dakota, N USA El Moján see San Rafael El Molar Madrid, C Spain 40°43´N 03°35´W El Mrâyer well C Mauritania El Mreiti well N Mauritania El Mreyyé desert E Mauritania Elm River j North Dakota/ South Dakota, N USA Elmshorn SchleswigHolstein, N Germany 53°45´N 09°39´E El Muglad Western Kordofan, C Sudan 11°02´N 27°44´E El Muwaqqar see Al Muwaqqar Elmvale Ontario, S Canada 44°34´N 79°53´W Elmwood Illinois, N USA 40°46´N 89°58´W Elmwood Oklahoma, C USA 36°37´N 100°31´W Elne anc. Illiberis. Pyrénées-Orientales, S France 42°36´N 02°58´E El Nevado, Cerro elevation C Colombia El Nido Palawan, W Philippines 11°10´N 119°25´E El Nihuil Mendoza, W Argentina 34°58´S 68°40´W El Nouzha k (Alexandria) N Egypt 31°06´N 29°58´E El Obeid var. Al Obayyid, Al Ubayyiḑ. Northern Kordofan, C Sudan 13°11´N 30°10´E El Oro México, S Mexico 19°51´N 100°07´W El Oro r province SW Ecuador Elortondo Santa Fe, C Argentina 33°42´S 61°37´W Elorza Apure, C Venezuela 07°02´N 69°30´W El Ouâdi see El Oued

Country Country Capital

118 H13 37 R9 43 S15 104 I11 54 K7 105 V6 94 I13

54 G7 El Viejo, Cerro l C Colombia 07°31´N 72°56´W 54 H6 El Vigía Mérida, NW Venezuela

40

32 G9 Elma Washington, NW USA

74 E9

155 K16

35

48°58´N 10°07´E

121 V13 El Maḥalla el Kubra var. Al Maḩallah al Kubrá, Mahalla el Kubra. N Egypt

161 S15

20°19´N 105°22´W El Ṭûr see Aţ Ţūr Eluan Bi Eng. Cape Olwanpi; prev. Oluan Pi. headland S Taiwan 21°57´N 120°48´E Elūru prev. Ellore. Andhra Pradesh, E India 16°45´N 81°10´E Elva Ger. Elwa. Tartumaa, SE Estonia 58°13´N 26°25´E El Vado Reservoir d New Mexico, SW USA El Valle Coclé, C Panama 08°39´N 80°08´W Elvas Portalegre, C Portugal 38°53´N 07°10´W El Venado Apure, C Venezuela 07°25´N 68°46´W El Vendrell Cataluña, NE Spain 41°13´N 01°32´E Elverum Hedmark, S Norway 60°54´N 11°33´E El Viejo Chinandega, NW Nicaragua 12°39´N 87°11´W

42 I9

42

47°00´N 123°24´W

El Pital, Cerro l El Salvador/Honduras 14°19´N 89°06´W Q9 El Portal California, W USA 37°40´N 119°46´W J3 El Porvenir Chihuahua, N Mexico 31°15´N 105°48´W U14 El Porvenir Kuna Yala, N Panama 09°33´N 78°56´W W6 El Prat de Llobregat Cataluña, NE Spain 41°20´N 02°05´E H5 El Progreso Yoro, NW Honduras 15°25´N 87°49´W A2 El Progreso off. Departamento de El Progreso. r department C Guatemala El Progreso see Guastatoya El Progreso, Departamento de see El Progreso L9 El Puente del Arzobispo Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 39°48´N 05°10´W J15 El Puerto de Santa María Andalucía, S Spain 36°36´N 06°13´W I8 El Puesto Catamarca, NW Argentina 27°57´S 67°37´W El Qâhira see Cairo El Qaṣr see Al Qaşr El Qatrani see Al Qaţrānah I10 El Quelite Sinaloa, C Mexico 23°37´N 106°26´W G9 Elqui, Río j N Chile El Q’unayţirah see Al Qunayţirah El Quneitra see Al Qunayţirah El Quseir see Al Quşayr El Quweira see Al Quwayrah O15 El-Rahaba k (Șan‘ā’) W Yemen 15°28´N 44°12´E M10 El Rama Región Autónoma Atlántico Sur, SE Nicaragua 12°09´N 84°15´W W16 El Real var. El Real de Santa María. Darién, SE Panama 08°06´N 77°42´W El Real de Santa María see El Real M10 El Reno Oklahoma, C USA 35°32´N 95°57´W K9 El Rodeo Durango, C Mexico 25°12´N 104°35´W J13 El Ronquillo Andalucía, S Spain 37°43´N 06°09´W S16 Elrose Saskatchewan, S Canada 51°07´N 107°59´W K8 Elroy Wisconsin, N USA 43°43´N 90°16´W S17 Elsa Texas, SW USA 26°17´N 97°59´W El Ṣaff see Aș Șaff J10 El Salto Durango, C Mexico 23°47´N 105°22´W D8 El Salvador off. Republica de El Salvador. b republic Central America El Salvador, Republica de see El Salvador K7 El Samán de Apure Apure, C Venezuela 07°54´N 68°44´W D7 Elsas Ontario, S Canada 48°31´N 82°53´W F3 El Sásabe var. Aduana del Sásabe. Sonora, NW Mexico 31°27´N 111°31´W Elsass see Alsace J5 El Sáuz Chihuahua, N Mexico 29°03´N 106°15´W W4 Elsberry Missouri, C USA 39°10´N 90°46´W P9 El Seibo var. Santa Cruz de El Seibo, Santa Cruz del Seibo. E Dominican Republic 18°45´N 69°04´W B7 El Semillero Barra Nahualate Escuintla, SW Guatemala 14°01´N 91°28´W Elsene see Ixelles Elsen Nur see Dorgê Co L6 Elsinore Utah, W USA 38°40´N 112°09´W Elsinore see Helsingør L18 Elsloo Limburg, SE Netherlands 50°57´N 05°46´E G13 El Soberbio Misiones, NE Argentina 27°15´S 54°05´W N6 El Socorro Guárico, C Venezuela 09°00´N 65°42´W L6 El Sombrero Guárico, N Venezuela 09°25´N 67°06´W L10 Elspeet Gelderland, E Netherlands 52°19´N 05°47´E L12 Elst Gelderland, E Netherlands 51°55´N 05°51´E O15 Elsterwerda Brandenburg, E Germany 51°27´N 13°32´E J4 El Sueco Chihuahua, N Mexico 29°53´N 106°24´W El Suweida see As Suwaydā’ El Suweis see Suez D12 El Tambo Cauca, SW Colombia 02°25´N 76°50´W T13 Eltanin Fracture Zone tectonic feature SE Pacific Ocean X5 El Ter j NE Spain K11 Eltham Taranaki, North Island, New Zealand 39°26´S 174°25´E O6 El Tigre Anzoátegui, NE Venezuela 08°55´N 64°15´W El Tigrito see San José de Guanipa J5 El Tocuyo Lara, N Venezuela 09°48´N 69°51´W Q10 El’ton Volgogradskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 49°07´N 46°50´E K10 Eltopia Washington, NW USA 46°33´N 118°59´W

El Toro see Mare de Déu del Toro 61 A18 El Trébol Santa Fe, C Argentina 32°12´S 61°40´W 40 J13 El Tuito Jalisco, SW Mexico

42 F7

141

18 B14 Ellwood City Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°49´N 80°15´W 108 H8 Elm Glarus, NE Switzerland

33°12´N 35°42´E

29 S15 Elkhorn Nebraska, C USA 30 M9

Ellendale North Dakota, N USA 45°57´N 98°33´W 36 M6 Ellen, Mount l Utah, W USA 38°06´N 110°48´W 32 I9 Ellensburg Washington, NW USA 47°00´N 124°34´W 18 K12 Ellenville New York, NE USA 29 P7

40 42

54 14 40

40 27 45

42

36 99 60 55 54 98 98 101 40

54 175 105 184 55

54 127 32

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

08°38´N 71°39´W

105 Q4 El Villar de Arnedo La Rioja, N Spain 42°19´N 02°05´W

59 A14 Elvira Amazonas, W Brazil

81 K17 33 R7 31 P13 27 R3 29 N16 97 O20 29 X4 35 X6 31 T11 45 S9 101 F23 187 R14 118 I5

95 M20 144 J11

62 K5 30 M15 81 I19 81 I19 100 E10 160 H9 29 Q4 181 X8 57 J15 11 Y17 29 T15 29 R13 36 M5 136 E13 186 B8 35 V3 78 I6 41 V15 106 E9 158 J3 149 W8 21 L5 27 W7 114 N9 158 I3 186 G4 136 F13 83 K22

95 M21 118 E5 18 I15 183 U4 108 E9 98 L8 98 O8 108 F8 101 F23 98 P8

07°12´S 69°56´W Elwa see Elva El Wad see El Oued El Wak Mandera, NE Kenya 02°46´N 40°57´E Elwell, Lake d Montana, NW USA Elwood Indiana, N USA 40°16´N 85°50´W Elwood Kansas, C USA 39°43´N 94°52´W Elwood Nebraska, C USA 40°35´N 99°51´W Elx see Elche Ely E England, United Kingdom 52°24´N 00°15´E Ely Minnesota, N USA 47°54´N 91°52´W Ely Nevada, W USA 39°15´N 114°53´W El Yopal see Yopal Elyria Ohio, N USA 41°22´N 82°06´W El Yunque l E Puerto Rico 18°15´N 65°46´W Elz j SW Germany Emae island Shepherd Islands, C Vanuatu Emajõgi Ger. Embach. j SE Estonia Emāmrūd see Shāhrūd Emām Şāḩeb see Imām Şāḩib Emam Saheb see Imām Şāḩib Emāmshahr see Shāhrūd Emån j S Sweden Emba Kaz. Embi. Aktyubinsk, W Kazakhstan 48°50´N 58°10´E Emba see Zhem Embach see Emajõgi Embarcación Salta, N Argentina 23°15´S 64°05´W Embarras River j Illinois, N USA Embi see Emba Embu Embu, C Kenya 0°32´N 37°28´E Embu r county C Kenya Emden Niedersachsen, NW Germany 53°22´N 07°12´E Emei Shan l Sichuan, C China 29°32´N 103°21´E Emerado North Dakota, N USA 47°55´N 97°21´W Emerald Queensland, E Australia 23°33´S 148°11´E Emerald Isle see Montserrat Emero, Río j W Bolivia Emerson Manitoba, S Canada 49°01´N 97°07´W Emerson Iowa, C USA 41°00´N 95°22´W Emerson Nebraska, C USA 42°16´N 96°43´W Emery Utah, W USA 38°54´N 111°16´W Emesa see Ḩimş Emet Kütahya, W Turkey 39°22´N 29°15´E Emeti Western, SW Papua New Guinea 07°54´S 143°18´E Emigrant Pass pass Nevada, W USA Emi Koussi l N Chad 19°52´N 18°34´E Emilia see Emilia-Romagna Emiliano Zapata Chiapas, SE Mexico 17°42´N 91°46´W Emilia-Romagna prev. Emilia; anc. Æmilia. r region N Italy Emin var. Dorbiljin. Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 46°30´N 83°42´E Eminābād Punjab, E Pakistan 32°02´N 73°51´E Eminence Kentucky, S USA 38°22´N 85°10´W Eminence Missouri, C USA 37°09´N 91°22´W Emine, Nos headland E Bulgaria 42°43´N 27°53´E Emin He j NW China Emirau Island island N Papua New Guinea Emirdağ Afyon, W Turkey 39°01´N 31°09´E eMkhondo prev. Piet Retief. Mpumalanga, E South Africa 27°00´S 30°49´E see also Piet Retief Emmaboda Kalmar, S Sweden 56°36´N 15°30´E Emmaste Hiiumaa, W Estonia 58°43´N 22°36´E Emmaus Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°32´N 75°28´W Emmaville New South Wales, SE Australia 29°26´S 151°38´E Emme j W Switzerland Emmeloord Flevoland, N Netherlands 52°43´N 05°46´E Emmen Drenthe, NE Netherlands 52°48´N 06°57´E Emmen Luzern, C Switzerland 47°03´N 08°14´E Emmendingen BadenWürttemberg, SW Germany 48°07´N 07°51´E

Emmer-Compascuum Drenthe, NE Netherlands 52°47´N 07°03´E

Administrative Regions International Airport

101 D14 Emmerich NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 29 U12 Emmetsburg Iowa, C USA

97 M20 England Lat. Anglia. r national region England, United Kingdom 14 H8 Englehart Ontario, S Canada

32 M14 Emmett Idaho, NW USA

37 T4

38 M10

31 O16

51°49´N 06°16´E

43°06´N 94°40´W

24 L12 40 F6 83 L23 61 C14 192 K3 192 L3 35 R4

43°52´N 116°30´W Emmonak Alaska, USA 62°46´N 164°31´W Emona see Ljubljana Emonti see East London Emory Peak l Texas, SW USA 29°15´N 103°18´W Empalme Sonora, NW Mexico 27°57´N 110°49´W Empangeni KwaZulu/Natal, E South Africa 28°45´S 31°54´E Empedrado Corrientes, NE Argentina 27°59´S 58°47´W

Emperor Seamounts undersea feature NW Pacific Ocean 42°00´N 170°00´E Emperor Trough undersea feature N Pacific Ocean Empire Nevada, W USA 40°26´N 119°21´W

Empire State of the South see Georgia Emplawas see Amplawas 106 F11 Empoli Toscana, C Italy 27 P5

43°43´N 10°57´E

38°24´N 96°10´W 36°42´N 77°33´W

18 E13 Emporium Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°31´N 78°14´W Empty Quarter see Ar Rub‘ al Khālī 100 E10 Ems Dut. Eems. j NW Germany 100 F13 Emsdetten NordrheinWestfalen, NW Germany 52°11´N 07°32´E

Ems-Hunte Canal see Küstenkanal 100 F10 Ems-Jade-Kanal canal NW Germany 100 F11 Emsland cultural region NW Germany 182 D3 Emu Junction South Australia 28°39´S 132°13´E 163 T3 Emur He j NE China 55 R8 Enachu Landing NW Guyana 06°09´N 60°02´W 93 F16 Enafors Jämtland, C Sweden

63°17´N 12°24´E 94 N11 Enånger Gävleborg, C Sweden 61°30´N 17°10´E 96 G7 Enard Bay bay NW Scotland, United Kingdom Enareträsk see Inarijärvi 171 X14 Enarotali Papua, E Indonesia 03°55´S 136°21´E En ‘Avedat see Ein Avdat 165 T2 Enbetsu Hokkaidō, NE Japan 44°44´N 141°47´E

61 H16 Encantadas, Serra das m S Brazil 40 E7 Encantado, Cerro l NW Mexico

40 M12 77 O17 25 Q14 35 U17 25 S16 54 H6 182 I10 61 F15 61 H16 111 M20 193 P3 181 V1 171 O16 95 G23 191 T4 11 N16 195 W4 173 N14 29 Q6 28 K16 18 H11 39 P7 118 I5 117 T9 57 F14 189 N4

114 L13 21 W8 186 B7 45 Q9 164 U3 108 F9 21 Y9 127 P8 101 G24 168 K15 80 J8 99 F19 27 V12

97 N25 194 J7 105 S11 118 E8 118 E8 137 R9 26 M9 22 L3 189 Y2

Emporia Kansas, C USA

21 W7 Emporia Virginia, NE USA

62 P7

39 Q13

26°46´N 112°33´W Encarnación Itapúa, S Paraguay 27°20´S 55°50´W Encarnación de Díaz Jalisco, SW Mexico 21°33´N 102°13´W Enchi SW Ghana 05°53´N 02°48´W Encinal Texas, SW USA 28°02´N 99°21´W Encinitas California, W USA 33°02´N 117°17´W Encino Texas, SW USA 26°58´N 98°06´W Encontrados Zulia, NW Venezuela 09°04´N 72°16´W Encounter Bay inlet South Australia Encruzilhada Rio Grande do Sul, S Brazil 28°58´S 55°31´W Encruzilhada do Sul Rio Grande do Sul, S Brazil 30°30´S 52°32´W Encs Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén, NE Hungary 48°21´N 21°09´E Endeavour Seamount undersea feature N Pacific Ocean 48°15´N 129°04´W Endeavour Strait strait Queensland, NE Australia Endeh Flores, S Indonesia 08°48´S 121°37´E Endelave island C Denmark Enderbury Island atoll Phoenix Islands, C Kiribati Enderby British Columbia, SW Canada 50°34´N 119°09´W Enderby Land physical region Antarctica Enderby Plain undersea feature S Indian Ocean Enderlin North Dakota, N USA 46°37´N 97°36´W Endersdorf see Jędrzejów Enders Reservoir d Nebraska, C USA Endicott New York, NE USA 42°06´N 76°03´W Endicott Mountains m Alaska, USA Endla Raba wetland C Estonia Enerhodar Zaporiz’ka Oblast’, SE Ukraine 47°30´N 34°40´E Ene, Río j C Peru Enewetak Atoll var. Ānewetak, Eniwetok. atoll Ralik Chain, W Marshall Islands Enez Edirne, NW Turkey 40°44´N 26°05´E Enfield North Carolina, SE USA 36°10´N 77°40´W Enga r province W Papua New Guinea Engaño, Cabo headland E Dominican Republic 18°36´N 68°19´W Engaru Hokkaidō, NE Japan 44°06´N 143°30´E Engelberg Unterwalden, C Switzerland 46°51´N 08°25´E Engelhard North Carolina, SE USA 35°30´N 76°00´W Engel’s Saratovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 51°27´N 46°09´E Engen Baden-Württemberg, SW Germany 47°52´N 08°46´E Engeten see Aiud Enggano, Pulau island W Indonesia Enghershatu l N Eritrea 16°41´N 38°21´E Enghien Dut. Edingen. Hainaut, SW Belgium 50°42´N 04°03´E England Arkansas, C USA 34°32´N 91°58´W

Mountain Mountain Range

Volcano River

147 Z8 115 F17 165 S4

123 S11

98 J8 109 Q4 95 N15 107 K24

80 D11 138 F8

78 K8 78 J7

47°50´N 79°52´W Englewood Colorado, C USA 39°39´N 104°59´W English Indiana, N USA 38°20´N 86°28´W English Bay Alaska, USA 59°21´N 151°55´W English Bazar see Ingrāj Bāzār English Channel var. The Channel, Fr. la Manche. channel NW Europe English Coast physical region Antarctica Enguera Valenciana, E Spain 38°58´N 00°42´W Engure W Latvia 57°09´N 23°13´E Engures Ezers c NW Latvia Enguri Rus. Inguri. j NW Georgia Engyum see Gangi Enid Oklahoma, C USA 36°25´N 97°53´W Enid Lake d Mississippi, S USA Enigu island Ratak Chain, SE Marshall Islands Enikale Strait see Kerch Strait Enil’chek Issyk-Kul’skaya Oblast’, E Kyrgyzstan 42°04´N 79°01´E Enipéfs j C Greece Eniwa Hokkaidō, NE Japan 42°53´N 141°14´E Eniwetok see Enewetak Atoll Enjiang see Yongfeng Enkeldoorn see Chivhu Enken, Mys prev. Mys Enkan. headland NE Russian Federation 58°29´N 141°27´E Enken, Mys see Enken, Mys Enkhuizen NoordHolland, NW Netherlands 52°34´N 05°03´E Enknach j N Austria Enköping Uppsala, C Sweden 59°38´N 17°05´E Enna var. Castrogiovanni, Henna. Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 37°34´N 14°16´E En Nahud Western Kordofan, C Sudan 12°41´N 28°28´E En Nâqoûra var. An Nāqūrah. SW Lebanon 33°06´N 33°30´E En Nazira see Natzrat Ennedi plateau NE Chad Ennedi-Ouest r region N Chad

Ennedi-Ouest, Région de l' see Ennedi-Ouest 101 E15 Ennepetal NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany

97 E15

97 B19 109 T4 109 T4 93 O16 24 M5 93 N17 92 K10 21 Q11 21 P11 18 M6 171 N13 45 N10

52°39´N 05°49´E

98 P11 Enschede Overijssel, E Netherlands 52°13´N 06°55´E 40 B2 Ensenada Baja California Norte, NW Mexico

160 L9 164 L14 23 O8 81 F18 81 F18 101 M18 98 N10 23 Q7 32 L11 36 J7 32 J8

02°49´N 18°02´E

101 H21 Enz j SW Germany 165 N13 Enzan var. Kōshū. Yamanashi, Honshū, S Japan

31°52´N 116°32´W Ensheim k (Saarbrücken) Saarland, W Germany 49°13´N 07°09´E Enshi Hubei, C China 30°16´N 109°26´E Enshū-nada gulf SW Japan Ensley Florida, SE USA 30°31´N 87°16´W Enso see Svetogorsk Entebbe S Uganda 0°07´N 32°30´E Entebbe k C Uganda 0°04´N 32°29´E Entenbühl l Czech Republic/Germany 50°09´N 12°10´E Enter Overijssel, E Netherlands 52°19´N 06°34´E Enterprise Alabama, S USA 31°19´N 85°50´W Enterprise Oregon, NW USA 45°25´N 117°18´W Enterprise Utah, W USA 37°33´N 113°42´W Entiat Washington, NW USA 47°39´N 120°15´W

105 P15 Entinas, Punta de las headland S Spain

36°40´N 02°44´W Entlebuch Luzern, W Switzerland 47°02´N 08°04´E 108 F8 Entlebuch valley C Switzerland 63 I22 Entrada, Punta headland S Argentina 103 O13 Entraygues-sur-Truyère Aveyron, S France 44°39´N 02°36´E 187 O14 Entrecasteaux, Récifs d’ reef N New Caledonia

108 F8

Lake Reservoir

35°44´N 138°43´E

Eo j NW Spain Eochaill see Youghal Eochaille, Cuan see Youghal Bay 107 K22 Eolie, Isole var. Isole Lipari, Eng. Aeolian Islands, Lipari Islands. island group S Italy 189 U12 Eot island Chuuk, C Micronesia Epáno Archánes/Epáno Arkhánai see Archánes 115 G14 Epanomí Kentrikí Makedonía, N Greece 104 I2

40°25´N 22°57´E

98 M10 Epe Gelderland, E Netherlands 52°21´N 05°59´E 77 S16 Epe Lagos, S Nigeria 06°37´N 04°01´E

79 I17 Epéna Likouala, NE Congo 01°28´N 17°29´E

Eperies/Eperjes see Prešov 103 Q4 Épernay anc. Sparnacum. Marne, N France 36 L5 18 H15 32 J8 187 R14 105 R6 103 T6

121 P3

101 H21

45 N9 Enriquillo, Lago c SW Dominican Republic 98 L9 Ens Flevoland, N Netherlands

101 E20

07°12´S 69°59´W

Enyélé see Enyellé 79 I16 Enyellé var. Enyélé. Likouala, NE Congo

45°21´N 111°45´W

32°19´N 96°37´W Enniscorthy Ir. Inis Córthaidh. SE Ireland 52°30´N 06°34´W Enniskillen var. Inniskilling, Ir. Inis Ceithleann. SW Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 54°21´N 07°38´W Ennistimon Ir. Inis Díomáin. Clare, W Ireland 52°57´N 09°17´W Enns Oberösterreich, N Austria 48°13´N 14°28´E Enns j C Austria Eno Pohjois-Karjala, SE Finland 62°45´N 30°15´E Enochs Texas, SW USA 33°51´N 102°46´W Enonkoski Etelä-Savo, E Finland 62°04´N 28°53´E Enontekiö Lapp. Eanodat. Lappi, N Finland 68°25´N 23°40´E Enoree South Carolina, SE USA 34°39´N 81°58´W Enoree River j South Carolina, SE USA Enosburg Falls Vermont, NE USA 44°54´N 72°50´W Enrekang Sulawesi, C Indonesia 03°33´S 119°46´E Enriquillo SW Dominican Republic 17°57´N 71°13´W

66°46´N 171°40´W

Envigado Antioquia, W Colombia 06°09´N 75°38´W 59 B15 Envira Amazonas, W Brazil 54 E9

121 P3

25 U7 Ennis Texas, SW USA 97 F20

06°24´N 07°24´E

77 U16 Enugu r state SE Nigeria 123 V5 Enurmino Chukotskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug, NE Russian Federation

51°18´N 07°23´E

Enngonia New South Wales, SE Australia 29°19´S 145°52´E 97 C19 Ennis Ir. Inis. Clare, W Ireland 52°50´N 08°59´W 33 R11 Ennis Montana, NW USA 183 P4

61 C17 Entre Ríos off. Provincia de Entre Ríos. r province NE Argentina 42 K7 Entre Ríos, Cordillera m Honduras/Nicaragua Entre Ríos, Provincia de see Entre Ríos 104 G9 Entroncamento Santarém, C Portugal 39°28´N 08°28´W 77 V16 Enugu Enugu, S Nigeria

83 E18 29 Y13 143 O10 79 J18

151 K22 79 B17

49°02´N 03°58´E Ephraim Utah, W USA 39°21´N 111°35´W Ephrata Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°09´N 76°08´W Ephrata Washington, NW USA 47°19´N 119°33´W Epi var. Épi. island C Vanuatu Épi see Epi Épila Aragón, NE Spain 41°34´N 01°19´W Épinal Vosges, NE France 48°10´N 06°28´E Epiphania see Ḩamāh Epirus see Ípeiros Episkopí SW Cyprus 34°37´N 32°53´E Episkopi Bay see Episkopí, Kólpos Episkopí, Kólpos var. Episkopi Bay. bay SE Cyprus Epoon see Ebon Atoll Eporedia see Ivrea Eppeschdorf see Dumbrăveni Eppingen BadenWürttemberg, SW Germany 49°09´N 08°54´E Epukiro Omaheke, E Namibia 21°40´S 19°09´E Epworth Iowa, C USA 42°27´N 90°55´W Eqlīd var. Iqlid. Fārs, C Iran 30°54´N 52°40´E Equality State see Wyoming Equateur off. Région de l’ Equateur. r region N Dem. Rep. Congo Equateur, Région de l’ see Equateur Equatorial Channel channel S Maldives Equatorial Guinea off. Equatorial Guinea, Republic of. b republic C Africa

Equatorial Guinea, Republic of see Equatorial Guinea 121 V11 Eratosthenes Tablemount undersea feature E Mediterranean Sea 33°48´N 32°53´E

Erautini see Johannesburg 136 L12 Erbaa Tokat, N Turkey 40°42´N 36°37´E

101 E19 Erbeskopf l W Germany 49°43´N 07°04´E

139 U4 Erbet Ar. ‘Arbat, var. Arbat. As Sulaymānīyah, NE Iraq 35°26´N 45°34´E

121 P2

Erbil see Arbīl Ercan k (Nicosia) N Cyprus 35°07´N 33°30´E

Ercegnovi see Herceg-Novi 137 T14 Erçek Gölü c E Turkey 137 S14 Erciş Van, E Turkey 39°02´N 43°21´E

136 K14 Erciyes Dağı anc. Argaeus. l C Turkey 38°32´N 35°28´E 111 J22 Érd Ger. Hanselbeck. Pest, C Hungary 47°22´N 18°56´E 163 X11 Erdaobaihe prev. Baihe. Jilin, NE China 42°24´N 128°09´E

159 O12 Erdaogou Qinghai, W China 34°30´N 92°50´E

163 X11 Erdao Jiang m NE China Erdăt-Sângeorz see Sângeorgiu de Pădure 136 C11 Erdek Balıkesir, NW Turkey

40°24´N 27°47´E Erdély see Transylvania Erdélyi-Havasok see Carpaii Meridionalii 136 J17 Erdemli İçel, S Turkey 36°35´N 34°19´E 163 O10 Erdene var. Ulaan-Uul. Dornogovĭ, SE Mongolia 44°21´N 111°06´E 162 H9 Erdene var. Sangiyn Dalay. Govĭ-Altay, C Mongolia 45°12´N 97°51´E 162 E6 Erdenebüren var. HarUs. Hovd, W Mongolia 48°30´N 91°25´E 162 K9 Erdenedalay var. Sangiyn Dalay. Dundgovĭ, C Mongolia 45°59´N 104°58´E 162 G7 Erdenehayrhan var. Altan. Dzavhan, W Mongolia 48°05´N 95°48´E 162 J7 Erdenemandal var. Öldziyt. Arhangay, C Mongolia 48°30´N 101°25´E 162 K6 Erdenet Orhon, N Mongolia 49°01´N 104°07´E 163 Q9 Erdenetsagaan var. Chonogol. Sühbaatar, E Mongolia 45°55´N 115°19´E

247

ErdEnEtsogt – FadiFFolu Erdenetsogt Bayanhongor, C Mongolia 46°27´N 100°53´E Erdenetsogt see Bayan-Ovoo 78 K7 Erdi plateau NE Chad 78 L7 Erdi Ma desert NE Chad 101 M23 Erding Bayern, SE Germany 162 I8

48°18´N 11°54´E Erdőszáda see Ardusat Erdőszentgyörgy see Sângeorgiu de Pădure 102 I7 Erdre j NW France 195 R13 Erebus, Mount i Ross Island, Antarctica 78°11´S 165°09´E 61 H14 Erechim Rio Grande do Sul, S Brazil 27°35´S 52°15´W

99 F21 Erquelinnes Hainaut, S Belgium 50°18´N 04°08´E 74 G7 Er-Rachidia var. Ksar al Soule. E Morocco 80 E11

83 O15 105 Q2

163 O7 Ereen Davaanï Nuruu m NE Mongolia 163 Q6 Ereentsav Dornod, NE Mongolia 49°51´N 115°41´E 136 I16 Ereğli Konya, S Turkey

97 D14

115 A15

187 S15

163 O11 104 M6 115 K17

99 K21 74 G7 101 D16 101 K16 137 P15

136 C10 118 I9 78 H11 163 S5

160 F12 104 K4 80 H8 96 I6 65 Q18 107 H23 104 E10 96 H10 26 J11 18 B11 18 E9 31 T10 77 N8 92 P2 11 X15 189 V6 102 G4 165 T6 165 T6 20 H8 96 E9 80 I9

101 D16 95 P15 101 K19 160 G9

37°30´N 34°02´E Ereíkoussa island Iónia Nísiá, Greece, C Mediterranean Sea Erenhot var. Erlian. Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, NE China 43°35´N 112°E Eresma j N Spain Eresós var. Eressós. Lésvos, E Greece 39°11´N 25°57´E Eressós see Eresós Ereymentaū see Yereymentau Érezée Luxembourg, SE Belgium 50°16´N 05°34´E Erfoud SE Morocco 31°29´N 04°18´W Erft j W Germany Erfurt Thüringen, C Germany 50°59´N 11°02´E Ergani Dıyarbakır, SE Turkey 38°17´N 39°44´E Ergel see Hatanbulag Ergene Çayı see Ergene Irmağī Ergene Irmağī var. Ergene Çayı. j NW Turkey Ērgļi C Latvia 56°55´N 25°38´E Erguig, Bahr j SW Chad Ergun var. Labudalin; prev. Ergun Youqi. Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China 50°13´N 120°09´E Ergun see Gegan Gol Ergun He see Argun Ergun Youqi see Ergun Ergun Zuoqi see Gegen Gol Er Hai d SW China Ería j NW Spain Eriba Kassala, NE Sudan 16°37´N 36°04´E Eriboll, Loch inlet NW Scotland, United Kingdom Erica Seamount undersea feature SW Indian Ocean 38°15´S 14°30´E Erice Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 38°02´N 12°35´E Ericeira Lisboa, C Portugal 38°58´N 09°25´W Ericht, Loch c C Scotland, United Kingdom Erick Oklahoma, C USA 35°13´N 99°52´W Erie Pennsylvania, NE USA 42°07´N 80°04´W Erie Canal canal New York, NE USA Érié, Lac see Erie, Lake Erie, Lake Fr. Lac Érié. c Canada/USA Erigabo see Ceerigaabo ‘Erîgât desert N Mali Erigavo see Ceerigaabo Erik Eriksenstretet strait E Svalbard Eriksdale Manitoba, S Canada 50°52´N 98°07´W Erikub Atoll var. Ādkup. atoll Ratak Chain, C Marshall Islands Er, Îles d’ Island group NW France Erimanthos see Erýmanthos Erimo Hokkaidō, NE Japan 42°01´N 143°07´E Erimo-misaki headland Hokkaidō, NE Japan 41°57´N 143°12´E Erin Tennessee, S USA 36°19´N 87°42´W Eriskay island NW Scotland, United Kingdom Erithraí see Erythrés Eritrea off. State of Eritrea, Ērtra. b transitional government E Africa Eritrea, State of see Eritrea Erivan see Yerevan Erkelenz NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 51°04´N 06°19´E Erken c C Sweden Erlangen Bayern, S Germany 49°36´N 11°E Erlang Shan l C China 29°56´N 102°24´E Erlau see Eger Erlauf j NE Austria

109 V5 181 Q8 Erldunda Roadhouse Northern Territory, N Australia 25°13´S 133°13´E Erlian see Erenhot 27 T15 Erling, Lake d Arkansas, USA 109 O8 Erlsbach Tirol, W Austria

102 J6 61 H14 54 E4 155 H21 83 C19

248

113 M22

29 S4 103 V6 108 G9 158 M3 126 M7

158 K2 21 P9

115 E19 115 G19 114 L12 160 F12 109 U6 101 N17

122 L14 137 O13 137 N13

137 Q13 137 Q12 186 G9 165 T2 165 Q9 165 Q5 95 F23 36 L7 36 M7

14 L12 Escalier, Réservoir l’ d Québec, SE Canada 40 K7 Escalón Chihuahua, N Mexico 26°43´N 104°20´W 104 M8 Escalona Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 40°10´N 04°24´W 23 O8 Escambia River j Florida, SE USA 31 N5 Escanaba Michigan, N USA 45°45´N 87°03´W

31 N4 Escanaba River j Michigan, N USA 105 R8 Escandón, Puerto de pass E Spain 41 W14 Escárcega Campache, SE Mexico 18°33´N 90°41´W 171 O1 Escarpada Point headland Luzon, N Philippines 18°28´N 122°10´E

136 D17 146 B13

105 T4 143 N8 143 O7

105 N5 83 L23 143 T5

183 V2 184 O11

92 L2 139 S3 95 N16 8

H6

9

010

139 Q2 136 F12 136 F13 104 K5 142 J6

148 J4 95 K23 143 S12 143 U8 136 D14 44 G6 63 F21 56 B5 56 B5 14 B6 143 V14 103 O13 14 E11 37 S10 57 C18

104 M13 94 C13 100 G12 38 M8 180 L13 186 L9

26°32´S 29°59´E

101

194 H3

36°38´N 32°55´E Érmihályfalva see Valea lui Mihai Ermióni Pelopónnisos, S Greece 37°24´N 23°15´E Ermoúpoli var. Hermoupolis; prev. Ermoúpolis. Sýyros, Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea 37°26´N 24°55´E Ermoúpolis see Ermoúpoli Ernabella see Pukatja Ernākulam Kerala, SW India 10°04´N 76°18´E Ernée Mayenne, NW France 48°18´N 00°54´W Ernestina, Barragem d S Brazil Ernesto Cortissoz k (Barranquilla) Atlántico, N Colombia Erode Tamil Nādu, SE India 11°21´N 77°43´E Eroj see Iroj Erongo r district W Namibia

101

136 H17 Ermenek Karaman, S Turkey

155 G22

80 G11

136 I12

57 P18

46°54´N 12°15´E

115 J20

173 O4

45 43 35

49°30´N 05°59´E J15 Eschwege Hessen, C Germany 51°10´N 10°03´E D16 Eschweiler NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 50°49´N 06°16´E Esclaves, Grand Lac des see Great Slave Lake O8 Escocesa, Bahía bay N Dominican Republic W15 Escocés, Punta headland NE Panama 08°50´N 77°37´W U17 Escondido California, W USA 33°07´N 117°05´W

42 M10 Escondido, Río j SE Nicaragua 15 S7 Escoumins, Rivière des j Québec, SE Canada 37 O13 Escudilla Mountain l Arizona, SW USA 33°57´N 109°07´W

40 J11 Escuinapa var. Escuinapa de Hidalgo. Sinaloa, C Mexico 22°50´N 105°46´W

42 C6

Escuinapa de Hidalgo see Escuinapa Escuintla Escuintla, S Guatemala 14°17´N 90°46´W

Country Country Capital

15°20´N 92°40´W

Escuintla off. Departamento de Escuintla. r department S Guatemala Escuintla, Departamento de see Escuintla 15 W7 Escuminac j Québec, SE Canada 79 D16 Eséka Centre, SW Cameroon 42 A2

23 N8 Escatawpa River j Alabama/Mississippi, S USA 103 P2 Escaut j N France Escaut see Scheldt 99 M25 Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg, S Luxembourg

Ermak see Aksu 98 K10 Ermelo Gelderland, C Netherlands 52°18´N 05°38´E 83 K21 Ermelo Mpumalanga, NE South Africa

115 G20

97 A15

31°58´N 04°22´W Er Rahad var. Ar Rahad. Northern Kordofan, C Sudan 12°43´N 30°39´E Er Ramle see Ramla Errego Zambézia, NE Mozambique 16°02´S 37°11´E Errenteria Cast. Rentería. País Vasco, N Spain 43°17´N 01°54´W Er Rif/Er Riff see Rif Errigal Mountain Ir. An Earagail. l N Ireland 55°03´N 08°09´W Erris Head Ir. Ceann Iorrais. headland W Ireland 54°18´N 10°01´W Erromango island S Vanuatu Error Guyot see Error Tablemount Error Tablemount var. Error Guyot. undersea feature W Indian Ocean 10°20´N 56°05´E Er Roseires Blue Nile, E Sudan 11°52´N 34°23´E Erseka see Ersekë Ersekë var. Erseka, Kolonjë. Korçë, SE Albania 40°19´N 20°39´E Érsekújvár see Nové Zámky Erskine Minnesota, N USA 47°42´N 96°00´W Erstein Bas-Rhin, NE France 48°24´N 07°39´E Erstfeld Uri, C Switzerland 46°49´N 08°41´E Ertai Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 46°04´N 90°06´E Ertil’ Voronezhskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 51°51´N 40°46´E Ertis see Irtysh, C Asia Ertis see Irtyshsk, Kazakhstan Ertix He Rus. Chërnyy Irtysh. j China/Kazakhstan Ērtra see Eritrea Erwin North Carolina, SE USA 35°19´N 78°40´W Erydropótamos see Erythropótamos Erýmanthos var. Erimanthos. l S Greece 37°57´N 21°51´E Erythrés prev. Erithraí. Stereá Elláda, C Greece 38°18´N 23°20´E Erythropótamos Bul. Byala Reka, var. Erydropótamos. j Bulgaria/Greece Eryuan var. Yuhu. Yunnan, SW China 26°09´N 100°01´E Erzbach j W Austria Erzerum see Erzurum Erzgebirge Cz. Krušné Hory, Eng. Ore Mountains. l Czech Republic/Germany see also Krušné Hory Erzgebirge see Krušné Hory Erzin Respublika Tyva, S Russian Federation 50°17´N 95°03´E Erzincan var. Erzinjan. Erzincan, E Turkey 39°44´N 39°30´E Erzincan var. Erzinjan. r province NE Turkey Erzinjan see Erzincan Erzsébetváros see Dumbrăveni Erzurum prev. Erzerum. Erzurum, NE Turkey 39°57´N 41°17´E Erzurum prev. Erzerum. r province NE Turkey Esa’ala Normanby Island, SE Papua New Guinea 09°45´S 150°47´E Esashi Hokkaidō, NE Japan 44°57´N 142°32´E Esashi var. Esasi. Iwate, Honshū, C Japan 39°13´N 141°11´E Esasho Hokkaidō, N Japan Esasi see Esashi Esbjerg Syddtjylland, W Denmark 55°28´N 08°28´E Esbo see Espoo Escalante Utah, W USA 37°46´N 111°36´W Escalante River j Utah, W USA

41 V17 Escuintla Chiapas, SE Mexico

61 B17 40 G6 24 H9

104 E12 54 E10

03°40´N 10°48´E Esenboğa k (Ankara) Ankara, C Turkey 40°05´N 33°01´E Eşen Çayı j SW Turkey Esenguly Rus. GasanKuli. Balkan Welaýaty, W Turkmenistan 37°29´N 53°57´E Ésera j NE Spain Eşfahān Eng. Isfahan; anc. Aspadana. Eşfahān, C Iran 32°41´N 51°41´E Eşfahān off. Ostān-e Eşfahān. r province C Iran Eşfahān, Ostān-e see Eşfahān Esgueva j N Spain Eshkamesh see Ishkamish Eshkāshem see Ishkāshim Eshowe KwaZulu/Natal, E South Africa 28°53´S 31°28´E ‘Eshqābād Khorāsān-e Raẕavī, NE Iran 36°00´N 59°01´E Esh Sham see Rīf Dimashq Esh Sharā see Ash Sharāh Esik see Yesik Esil see Yesil’ Esil see Ishim, Kazakhstan/ Russian Federation Esk Queensland, E Australia 27°15´S 152°23´E Eskdale Hawke’s Bay, North Island, New Zealand 39°24´S 176°51´E Eski Dzhumaya see Targovishte Eskifjörður Austurland, E Iceland 65°04´N 14°01´W Eski Kaak var. Askī Kalak, Kalak. Arbīl, N Iraq 36°16´N 43°40´E Eskilstuna Södermanland, C Sweden 59°22´N 16°31´E Eskimo Lakes c Northwest Territories, NW Canada Eskimo Point headland Nunavut, E Canada 61°19´N 93°49´W Eskimo Point see Arviat Eski Mosul Nīnawá, N Iraq 36°31´N 42°45´E Eski-Nookat see Nookat Eskişehir var. Eskishehr. Eskişehir, W Turkey 39°46´N 30°30´E Eskişehir var. Eski shehr. r province NW Turkey Eskishehr see Eskişehir Esla j NW Spain Eslāmābād see Eslāmābād-e Gharb Eslāmābād-e Gharb var. Eslāmābād; prev. Harunabad, Shāhābād. Kermānshāhān, W Iran 34°08´N 46°35´E Eslām Qal‘eh Pash. Islam Qala. Herāt, W Afghanistan 34°41´N 61°03´E Eslöv Skåne, S Sweden 55°50´N 13°20´E Esmā‘īlābād Kermān, S Iran 28°48´N 56°39´E Esmā‘īlābād Khorāsān-e Jonūbī, E Iran 35°20´N 60°30´E Eşme Uşak, W Turkey 38°26´N 28°59´E Esmeralda Camagüey, E Cuba 21°51´N 78°10´W Esmeralda, Isla island S Chile Esmeraldas Esmeraldas, N Ecuador 0°55´N 79°40´W Esmeraldas r province NW Ecuador Esna see Isnā Esnagi Lake c Ontario, S Canada Espakeh Sīstān va Balūchestān, SE Iran 26°54´N 60°09´E Espalion Aveyron, S France 44°31´N 02°45´E España see Spain Espanola Ontario, S Canada 46°15´N 81°46´W Espanola New Mexico, SW USA 35°59´N 106°04´W Española, Isla var. Hood Island. island Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, E Pacific Ocean Espejo Andalucía, S Spain 37°40´N 04°34´W Espeland Hordaland, S Norway 60°22´N 05°27´E Espelkamp NordrheinWestfalen, NW Germany 52°22´N 08°37´E Espenberg, Cape headland Alaska, USA 66°33´N 163°36´W Esperance Western Australia 33°49´S 121°52´E Esperance, Cape headland Guadacanal, C Solomon Islands 09°09´S 159°38´E Esperancita Santa Cruz, E Bolivia Esperanza Santa Fe, C Argentina 31°29´S 61°00´W Esperanza Sonora, NW Mexico 27°37´N 109°51´W Esperanza Texas, SW USA 31°09´N 105°40´W Esperanza Argentinian research station Antarctica 63°29´S 56°53´W Espichel, Cabo headland S Portugal 38°25´N 09°15´W Espinal Tolima, C Colombia 04°08´N 74°53´W

48 K10 Espinhaço, Serra do m SE Brazil 104 G6 Espinho Aveiro, N Portugal 41°01´N 08°38´W

59 N18 Espinosa Minas Gerais, SE Brazil 14°58´S 42°49´W 103 O15 Espinouse m S France 60 Q8 Espírito Santo off. Estado do Espírito Santo. r state E Brazil Espírito Santo, Estado do see Espírito Santo 187 P13 Espiritu Santo var. Santo. island W Vanuatu 41 Z13 Espíritu Santo, Bahía del bay SE Mexico 40 F9 Espíritu Santo, Isla del island NW Mexico 41 Y12 Espita Yucatán, SE Mexico 21°00´N 88°17´W

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

15 Y7

93 L20 104 G5 83 M18 63 H17 10 L17 61 C16 42 E6 42 K9 94 I8 74 E7

99 G15 101 E15

74 I5 55 T8 55 T11 14 C18 29 T16 97 P21 31 R8 101 H22

103 N6 79 F16 104 I1 24 M5 41 P12 63 K25

143 P12 14 F11 59 P16 37 S12 104 G7 102 M17

83 K23 106 H8 42 J9 42 J9 105 Q4 29 R9 25 P4 104 L14 104 L16 39 R9 11 V16 37 S3 11 V17 29 T11 21 R15 103 Q6 15 T9 11 S16 118 G5

104 E11 59 L14 104 I8 40 D3 104 F10

104 H11 79 D18

111 I22

152 K11 189 R17 99 K24

Espoir, Cap d’ headland Québec, SE Canada 48°24´N 64°21´W Esponsede/Esponsende see Esposende Espoo Swe. Esbo. Uusimaa, S Finland 60°10´N 24°42´E Esposende var. Esponsede, Esponsende. Braga, N Portugal 41°32´N 08°47´W Espungabera Manica, SW Mozambique 20°29´S 32°48´E Esquel Chubut, SW Argentina 42°55´S 71°20´W Esquimalt Vancouver Island, British Columbia, SW Canada 48°26´N 123°27´W Esquina Corrientes, NE Argentina 30°00´S 59°30´W Esquipulas Chiquimula, SE Guatemala 14°36´N 89°22´W Esquipulas Matagalpa, C Nicaragua 12°30´N 85°55´W Essandsjøen c S Norway Essaouira prev. Mogador. W Morocco 31°33´N 09°40´W Esseg see Osijek Es Semara see Smara Essen Antwerpen, N Belgium 51°28´N 04°28´E Essen var. Essen an der Ruhr. Nordrhein-Westfalen, W Germany 51°28´N 07°01´E Essen an der Ruhr see Essen Es Senia k (Oran) NW Algeria 35°34´N 00°42´W Essequibo Islands island group N Guyana Essequibo River j C Guyana Essex Ontario, S Canada 42°10´N 82°50´W Essex Iowa, C USA 40°49´N 95°18´W Essex cultural region E England, United Kingdom Essexville Michigan, N USA 43°37´N 83°50´W Esslingen var. Esslingen am Neckar. BadenWürttemberg, SW Germany 48°45´N 09°19´E Esslingen am Neckar see Esslingen Essonne r department N France Es Suweida see As Suwaydā’ Est Eng. East. r province SE Cameroon Estaca de Bares, Punta de point NW Spain Estacado, Llano plain New Mexico/Texas, SW USA Estación Tamuín San Luis Potosí, C Mexico 22°00´N 98°44´W Estados, Isla de los prev. Eng. Staten Island. island S Argentina Estado Vargas see Vargas Eşţahbān Fārs, S Iran Estaire Ontario, S Canada 46°19´N 80°47´W Estância Sergipe, E Brazil 11°15´S 37°28´W Estancia New Mexico, SW USA 34°45´N 106°03´W Estarreja Aveiro, N Portugal 40°45´N 08°35´W Estats, Pica d’ Sp. Pico d’Estats. l France/Spain 42°39´N 01°24´E Estats, Pico d’ see Estats, Pica d’ Estcourt KwaZulu/Natal, E South Africa 29°00´S 29°53´E Este anc. Ateste. Veneto, NE Italy 45°14´N 11°40´E Estelí Estelí, NW Nicaragua 13°05´N 86°21´W Estelí r department NW Nicaragua Estella Bas. Lizarra. Navarra, N Spain 42°41´N 02°02´W Estelline South Dakota, N USA 44°34´N 96°54´W Estelline Texas, SW USA 34°33´N 100°26´W Estepa Andalucía, S Spain 37°17´N 04°52´W Estepona Andalucía, S Spain 36°26´N 05°09´W Ester Alaska, USA 64°49´N 148°03´W Esterhazy Saskatchewan, S Canada 50°40´N 102°02´W Estes Park Colorado, C USA 40°22´N 105°31´W Estevan Saskatchewan, S Canada 49°07´N 103°05´W Estherville Iowa, C USA 43°24´N 94°49´W Estill South Carolina, SE USA 32°45´N 81°14´W Estissac Aube, N France 48°17´N 03°51´E Est, Lac de l’ c Québec, SE Canada Estland see Estonia Eston Saskatchewan, S Canada 51°09´N 198°42´W Estonia off. Republic of Estonia, Est. Eesti Vabariik, Ger. Estland, Latv. Igaunija; prev. Estonian SSR, Rus. Estonskaya SSR. b republic NE Europe Estonian SSR see Estonia Estonia, Republic of see Estonia Estonskaya SSR see Estonia Estoril Lisboa, W Portugal 38°42´N 09°23´W Estreito Maranhão, E Brazil 06°34´S 47°22´W Estrela, Serra da m C Portugal Estrella, Punta headland NW Mexico 30°53´N 114°45´W Estremadura cultural and historical region W Portugal Estremadura see Extremadura Estremoz Évora, S Portugal 38°50´N 07°35´W Estuaire off. Province de l’Estuaire, var. L’Estuaire. r province NW Gabon Estuaire, Province de l’ see Estuaire Eszék see Osijek Esztergom Ger. Gran; anc. Strigonium. KomáromEsztergom, N Hungary 47°47´N 18°44´E Etah Uttar Pradesh, N India 27°33´N 78°39´E Etal Atoll atoll Mortlock Islands, C Micronesia Étalle Luxembourg, SE Belgium 49°41´N 05°36´E

Administrative Regions International Airport

103 N6 Étampes Essonne, N France 182 J1 103 N1 152 K12 15 R10

40 G7

48°26´N 02°10´E

Etamunbanie, Lake salt lake South Australia Étaples Pas-de-Calais, N France 50°31´N 01°39´E Etāwah Uttar Pradesh, N India 26°46´N 79°01´E Etchemin j Québec, SE Canada Etchmiadzin see Vagharshapat Etchojoa Sonora, NW Mexico 26°54´N 109°37´W

93 L19 Etelä-Karjala Swe. Södra Karelen, Eng. South Karelia. r region S Finland 93 K17 Etelä-Pohjanmaa Swe. Södra Österbotten, Eng. South Ostrobothnia. r region W Finland 93 M18 Etelä-Savo Swe. Södra Savolax. r region SE Finland 83 B16 Etengua Kunene, NW Namibia 17°24´S 13°05´E 99 K25 Éthe Luxembourg, SE Belgium 49°34´N 05°32´E 11 W15 Ethelbert Manitoba, S Canada 51°30´N 100°22´W 80 H12 Ethiopia off. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia; prev. Abyssinia, People’s Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. b republic E Africa Ethiopia, Federal Democratic Republic of see Ethiopia 80 I13 Ethiopian Highlands var. Ethiopian Plateau. plateau N Ethiopia Ethiopian Plateau see Ethiopian Highlands Ethiopia, People’s Democratic Republic of see Ethiopia 34 M2 Etna California, W USA 41°25´N 122°53´W

18 B14 Etna Pennsylvania, NE USA 94 107

95 39 38 83 79 20 23 146

146 102 114

99 189 99 76 101 102 193 193 181 31 27 27 182 23 27 27

32 40 183

40°29´N 79°55´W G12 Etna j S Norway L24 Etna, Monte Eng. Mount Etna. i Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 37°46´N 15°00´E Etna, Mount see Etna, Monte C15 Etne Hordaland, S Norway 59°40´N 05°55´E Etoliko see Aitolikó Y14 Etolin Island island Alexander Archipelago, Alaska, USA L12 Etolin Strait strait Alaska, USA C17 Etosha Pan salt lake N Namibia G18 Etoumbi Cuvette Ouest, NW Congo 0°01´N 14°57´E M10 Etowah Tennessee, S USA 35°19´N 84°31´W S2 Etowah River j Georgia, SE USA B13 Etrek var. Gyzyletrek, Rus. Kizyl-Atrek. Balkan Welaýaty, W Turkmenistan 37°40´N 54°44´E C13 Etrek Per. Rūd-e Atrak, Rus. Atrak, Atrek. j Iran/ Turkmenistan L3 Étretat Seine-Maritime, N France 49°46´N 00°23´E H9 Etropole Sofia, W Bulgaria 42°50´N 24°00´E Etsch see Adige Et Tafila see Aţ afīlah M23 Ettelbrück Diekirch, C Luxembourg 49°51´N 06°06´E V12 Etten atoll Chuuk Islands, C Micronesia H14 Etten-Leur Noord-Brabant, S Netherlands 51°34´N 04°37´E G7 Et Tîdra var. Ile Tîdra. island Dakhlet Nouâdhibou, NW Mauritania G21 Ettlingen BadenWürttemberg, SW Germany 48°57´N 08°25´E M2 Eu Seine-Maritime, N France 50°01´N 01°24´E W16 ‘Eua prev. Middleburg Island. island Tongatapu Group, SE Tonga W15 Eua Iki island Tongatapu Group, S Tonga Euboea see Évvoia O12 Eucla Western Australia 31°41´S 128°51´E U11 Euclid Ohio, N USA 41°34´N 81°33´W W14 Eudora Arkansas, C USA 33°06´N 91°15´W Q4 Eudora Kansas, C USA 38°56´N 95°06´W J9 Eudunda South Australia 34°11´S 139°03´E R6 Eufaula Alabama, S USA 31°53´N 85°09´W Q11 Eufaula Oklahoma, C USA 35°16´N 95°36´W Q11 Eufaula Lake var. Eufaula Reservoir. d Oklahoma, C USA Eufaula Reservoir see Eufaula Lake F13 Eugene Oregon, NW USA 44°03´N 123°05´W B6 Eugenia, Punta headland NW Mexico 27°48´N 115°03´W Q8 Eugowra New South Wales, SE Australia 33°28´S 148°21´E I2 Eume j NW Spain

104 104 H2 Eume, Encoro do d NW Spain Eumolpias see Plovdiv 59 O18 Eunápolis Bahia, SE Brazil

33 O6 Eureka Montana, NW USA 35 V5

130 B10 138 L3 22 M4 93 K19 93 K19 0-1 102 L4 102 M4 102 M6 34 K3 27 P6

Mountain Mountain Range

79 G19 27 S3 97 J23 194 L12 14 E16 97 J24

35 R11 19 P10 29 T14 97 J23 21 Y6 180 G8 97 J24 180 G8 173 V8 83 K23 115 J20 104 I10 78 F12

44 I3 44 I3 81 H20 95 F17 96 L12 96 G7 92 J4 80 Q13 103 N11

29 X10 182 H2

122 K10 Evenkiyskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug r autonomous district Krasnoyarskiy Kray, N Russian Federation 183 R13 Everard, Cape headland Victoria, SE Australia

182 I1

Everard, Lake salt lake South Australia 182 C2 Everard Ranges m South Australia 153 R11 Everest, Mount Chin. Qomolangma Feng, Nep. Sagarmāthā. l China/Nepal

182 H3

18 E15 Everett Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°00´N 78°22´W 32 H7 Everett Washington, NW USA 47°59´N 122°12´W 99 E17 Evergem Oost-Vlaanderen, NW Belgium 51°07´N 03°43´E 23 X16 Everglades City Florida, SE USA 25°51´N 81°22´W 23 Y16 Everglades, The wetland Florida, SE USA 23 P7 Evergreen Alabama, S USA

61 D20

182 F6

37°48´S 149°21´E

27°59´N 86°57´E

31°25´N 86°55´W 37 T4 Evergreen Colorado, C USA 39°37´N 105°19´W Evergreen State see Washington 97 L21 Evesham C England, United Kingdom 52°06´N 01°57´W

174 L9 185 C22

182 G7 182 H4 95 B18

116 F12 161 O9 125 R11 136 B12

46°22´N 06°34´E

93 K16 Evijärvi Etelä-Pohjanmaa, W Finland 63°22´N 23°30´E 79 D17 Evinayong var. Ebinayon, Evinayoung. C Equatorial Guinea 01°28´N 10°17´E Evinayoung see Evinayong 115 E18 Évinos j C Greece 95 E17 Evje Aust-Agder, S Norway 104 H11 104 G11 102 M4

115 F21 103 O5

58°35´N 07°49´E Evmolpia see Plovdiv Évora anc. Ebora, Lat. Liberalitas Julia. Évora, C Portugal 38°34´N 07°54´W Évora r district S Portugal Évreux anc. Civitas Eburovicum. Eure, N France 49°02´N 01°10´E Évron Mayenne, NW France 48°10´N 00°24´W Évros Bul. Maritsa, Turk. Meriç; anc. Hebrus. j SE Europe see also Maritsa/Meriç Évros see Meriç Évros see Maritsa Evrótas j S Greece Évry Essonne, N France 48°38´N 02°34´E

25 O8 E. V. Spence Reservoir d Texas, SW USA 115 I18 Évvoia Lat. Euboea. island C Greece 38 D9 ‘Ewa Beach var. Ewa Beach. O‘ahu, Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 21°19´N 158°00´W Ewa Beach see ‘Ewa Beach 32 L9 Ewan Washington, NW USA 47°06´N 117°46´W 44 K12 Ewarton C Jamaica 18°11´N 77°06´W 81 J18 Ewaso Ng’iro var. Nyiro. j C Kenya 29 P13 Ewing Nebraska, C USA 42°13´N 98°20´W 194 J5 Ewing Island island Antarctica

Volcano River

Lake Reservoir

23°20´S 08°45´E Ewirgol Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, W China 42°56´N 87°39´E Ewo Cuvette, W Congo 0°55´S 14°49´E Excelsior Springs Missouri, C USA 39°20´N 94°13´W Exe j SW England, United Kingdom Executive Committee Range m Antarctica Exeter Ontario, S Canada 43°19´N 81°26´W Exeter anc. Isca Damnoniorum. SW England, United Kingdom 50°43´N 03°31´W Exeter California, W USA 36°17´N 119°08´W Exeter New Hampshire, NE USA 42°57´N 70°55´W Exin see Kcynia Exira Iowa, C USA 41°36´N 94°55´W Exmoor moorland SW England, United Kingdom Exmore Virginia, NE USA 37°31´N 75°48´W Exmouth Western Australia 22°01´S 114°06´E Exmouth SW England, United Kingdom 50°36´N 03°25´W Exmouth Gulf gulf Western Australia Exmouth Plateau undersea feature E Indian Ocean eXobho prev. Ixopo. KwaZulu/Natal, E South Africa 30°10´S 30°05´E Exompourgo ancient monument Tínos, Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea Extremadura var. Estremadura. r autonomous community W Spain Extrême-Nord Eng. Extreme North. r province N Cameroon Extreme North see Extrême-Nord Exuma Cays islets C The Bahamas Exuma Sound sound C The Bahamas Eyasi, Lake c N Tanzania Eydehavn Aust-Agder, S Norway 58°31´N 08°53´E Eyemouth SE Scotland, United Kingdom 55°52´N 02°07´W Eye Peninsula peninsula NW Scotland, United Kingdom Eyjafjallajökull i S Iceland 63°37´N 19°37´W Eyl It. Eil. Nugaal, E Somalia 08°03´N 49°49´E Eymoutiers Haute-Vienne, C France 45°45´N 01°43´E Eyo (lower course) see Uolo, Río Eyota Minnesota, N USA 44°00´N 92°13´W Eyre Basin, Lake salt lake South Australia Eyre Creek seasonal river Northern Territory/South Australia Eyre, Lake salt lake South Australia Eyre Mountains m South Island, New Zealand Eyre North, Lake salt lake South Australia Eyre Peninsula peninsula South Australia Eyre South, Lake salt lake South Australia Eysturoy Dan. Østerø. island N Faroe Islands Ezeiza k (Buenos Aires) Buenos Aires, E Argentina 34°49´S 58°30´W Ezeres see Ezeriş Ezeriş Hung. Ezeres. Caraș-Severin, W Romania 45°21´N 21°55´E Ezhou prev. Echeng. Hubei, C China 30°23´N 114°52´E Ezhva Respublika Komi, NW Russian Federation 61°45´N 50°43´E Ezine Çanakkale, NW Turkey 39°46´N 26°20´E Ezo see Hokkaidō Ezra/Ezraa see Izra‘

F

103 T10 Évian-les-Bains Haute-Savoie, E France

30°29´N 92°25´W

99 M19

158 L6

45°46´N 99°37´W Eureka Utah, W USA 39°57´N 112°07´W 32 K10 Eureka Washington, NW USA 46°21´N 118°41´W 27 S9 Eureka Springs Arkansas, C USA 36°25´N 93°45´W 182 K6 Eurinilla Creek seasonal river South Australia 183 O11 Euroa Victoria, SE Australia 36°46´S 145°35´E 172 M9 Europa, Île island W Madagascar 104 L3 Europa, Picos de m N Spain 104 L16 Europa Point headland S Gibraltar 36°07´N 05°20´W 84-85 Europe continent 98 F12 Europoort Zuid-Holland, W Netherlands 51°59´N 04°08´E Euskadi see País Vasco 101 D17 Euskirchen NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 50°40´N 06°47´E 23 W11 Eustis Florida, SE USA 28°51´N 81°41´W 182 M9 Euston New South Wales, SE Australia 34°34´S 142°45´E 23 N5 Eutaw Alabama, S USA 32°50´N 87°53´W 100 K8 Eutin Schleswig-Holstein, N Germany 54°08´N 10°38´E 10 K14 Eutsuk Lake d British Columbia, SW Canada Euxine Sea see Black Sea 83 C16 Evale Cunene, SW Angola 16°36´S 15°46´E 37 T3 Evans Colorado, C USA 40°22´N 104°41´W 11 P14 Evansburg Alberta, SW Canada 53°34´N 114°57´W 29 X13 Evansdale Iowa, C USA 42°28´N 92°16´W 183 V4 Evans Head New South Wales, SE Australia 29°07´S 153°27´E 12 J11 Evans, Lac c Québec, SE Canada 37 S5 Evans, Mount l  Colorado, C USA 39°15´N 106°10´W 9 Q6 Evans Strait strait Nunavut, N Canada 31 N10 Evanston Illinois, N USA 42°02´N 87°41´W 33 S17 Evanston Wyoming, C USA 41°16´N 110°57´W 14 D11 Evansville Manitoulin Island, Ontario, S Canada 45°48´N 82°34´W 31 N16 Evansville Indiana, N USA 37°58´N 87°33´W 30 L9 Evansville Wisconsin, N USA 42°46´N 89°16´W 25 S8 Evant Texas, SW USA 31°28´N 98°09´W 143 P13 Evaz Fārs, S Iran 27°48´N 53°58´E 29 W4 Eveleth Minnesota, N USA 47°27´N 92°32´W 182 E3 Evelyn Creek seasonal river South Australia 181 Q2 Evelyn, Mount l Northern Territory, N Australia 13°28´S 132°50´E

37 W15 Eunice New Mexico, SW USA 32°26´N 103°09´W Eupen Liège, E Belgium 50°38´N 06°02´E Euphrates Ar. Al-Furāt, Turk. Firat Nehri. j SW Asia Euphrates Dam dam N Syria Eupora Mississippi, S USA 33°32´N 89°16´W Eura Satakunta, SW Finland 61°07´N 22°12´E Eurajoki Satakunta, SW Finland 61°13´N 21°45´E Eurasian Plate tectonic feature Eure r department N France Eure j N France Eure-et-Loir r department C France Eureka California, W USA 40°47´N 124°12´W Eureka Kansas, C USA 37°51´N 96°17´W

39°31´N 115°58´W

36 L4

114 L13

16°20´S 39°36´W

65 P17 Ewing Seamount undersea feature E Atlantic Ocean

29 O7 Eureka South Dakota, N USA

102 K6

22 H8 Eunice Louisiana, S USA

48°52´N 115°03´W

Eureka Nevada, W USA

191 P7 191 P7

Faaa Tahiti, W French Polynesia 17°32´S 149°36´W Faaa k (Papeete) Tahiti, W French Polynesia 17°31´S 149°36´W

95 H24 Faaborg var. Fåborg. Syddtjylland, C Denmark 55°06´N 10°10´E

151 K19 Faadhippolhu Atoll var. Fadiffolu, Lhaviyani Atoll. atoll N Maldives 191 U10 Faaite atoll Îles Tuamotu, C French Polynesia 191 Q8 Faaone Tahiti, W French Polynesia 17°39´S 149°18´W 24 H8 Fabens Texas, SW USA 31°30´N 106°09´W

94 H12 Fåberg Oppland, S Norway 61°15´N 10°21´E

Fåborg see Faaborg 106 I12 Fabriano Marche, C Italy 43°20´N 12°54´E

145 U16 Fabrichnoye prev. Fabrichnyy. Almaty, SE Kazakhstan 43°12´N 76°19´E Fabrichnyy see Fabrichnoye 54 F10 Facatativá Cundinamarca, C Colombia 04°49´N 74°22´W 77 X9 Fachi Agadez, C Niger 18°01´N 11°36´E

188 B16 Facpi Point headland W Guam 18 I13 Factoryville Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°34´N 75°45´W 78 K8 Fada Ennedi-Ouest, E Chad 17°14´N 21°32´E

77 Q13 Fada-Ngourma E Burkina Faso 12°05´N 00°26´E 123 N6 Faddeya, Zaliv bay N Russian Federation 123 Q5 Faddeyevskiy, Poluostrov island Novosibirskiye Ostrova, NE Russian Federation 141 W12 Fadhī S Oman 17°54´N 55°30´E Fadiffolu see Faadhippolhu Atoll

Faenza – Fierza 106 H10 Faenza anc. Faventia. Emilia-Romagna, N Italy 44°17´N 11°53´E

Faeroe-Iceland Ridge see Faroe-Iceland Ridge Faeroe Islands see Faroe Islands Færøerne see Faroe Islands Faeroe-Shetland Trough see Faroe-Shetland Trough 104 H6 Fafe Braga, N Portugal 80 193 192 192 116 191 191 95 94 92 95 77

41°27´N 08°11´W K13 Fafen Shet’ j E Ethiopia V15 Fafo island Tongatapu Group, S Tonga I16 Fagaloa Bay bay Upolu, E Samoa H15 Fagamālo Savai‘i, N Samoa 13°27´S 172°22´W I12 Făgăraş Ger. Fogarasch, Hung. Fogaras. Brașov, C Romania 45°50´N 24°59´E W10 Fagatau prev. Fangatau. atoll Îles Tuamotu, C French Polynesia X12 Fagataufa prev. Fangataufa. island Îles Tuamotu, SE French Polynesia M20 Fagerhult Kalmar, S Sweden 57°07´N 15°40´E G13 Fagernes Oppland, S Norway 60°59´N 09°14´E I9 Fagernes Troms, N Norway 69°31´N 19°16´E M14 Fagersta Västmanland, C Sweden 59°59´N 15°49´E W13 Faggo var. Foggo. Bauchi, N Nigeria 11°22´N 09°55´E Faghman see Fughmah Fagibina, Lake see Faguibine, Lac

63 J25 Fagnano, Lago c S Argentina 99 G22 Fagne hill range S Belgium 77 N10 Faguibine, Lac var. Lake Fagibina. c NW Mali Fahaheel see Al Fuḩayḩīl Fahlun see Falun 143 U12 Fahraj Kermān, SE Iran

29°00´N 59°00´E 64 P5 Faial Madeira, Portugal, NE Atlantic Ocean 32°47´N 16°53´W 64 N2 Faial var. Ilha do Faial. island Azores, Portugal, NE Atlantic Ocean Faial, Ilha do see Faial 108 G10 Faido Ticino, S Switzerland 46°30´N 08°48´E Faifo see Hôi An Failaka Island see Faylakah 190 G12 Faioa, Île island N Wallis and Futuna

181 W8 Fairbairn Reservoir d Queensland, E Australia 39 R9 Fairbanks Alaska, USA 64°48´N 147°47´W

171 U13 Fakfak Papua Barat, E Indonesia 02°55´S 132°17´E 153 T12 Fakīragrām Assam, NE India 26°22´N 90°15´E

114 M10 Fakiyska Reka j SE Bulgaria 95 J24 Fakse Sjælland, SE Denmark 95 J24 95 J24 163 V11 76 J14 102 K5 114 H12 189 T12 166 L4 143 N8 116 M11 54 I4

106 J12 Falconara Marittima Marche, C Italy

107

11

41

25

190 192 190 192 95

21 U12 Fair Bluff North Carolina, SE USA

116

31 R14 Fairborn Ohio, N USA

25

34°18´N 79°02´W

23 S3

39°48´N 84°03´W

Fairburn Georgia, SE USA 33°34´N 84°34´W

11

30 M12 Fairbury Illinois, N USA 40°45´N 88°30´W

29 Q17 Fairbury Nebraska, C USA

40°08´N 97°10´W Fairfax Minnesota, N USA 44°31´N 94°43´W O8 Fairfax Oklahoma, C USA 36°34´N 96°42´W R14 Fairfax South Carolina, SE USA 32°57´N 81°14´W N8 Fairfield California, W USA 38°14´N 122°03´W O14 Fairfield Idaho, NW USA 43°20´N 114°45´W M16 Fairfield Illinois, N USA 38°22´N 88°23´W X15 Fairfield Iowa, C USA 41°00´N 91°57´W R8 Fairfield Montana, NW USA 47°36´N 111°59´W Q14 Fairfield Ohio, N USA 39°21´N 84°34´W U8 Fairfield Texas, SW USA 31°43´N 96°10´W T7 Fair Grove Missouri, C USA 37°22´N 93°09´W P12 Fairhaven Massachusetts, NE USA 41°38´N 70°51´W N8 Fairhope Alabama, S USA 30°31´N 87°54´W L4 Fair Isle island NE Scotland, United Kingdom F20 Fairlie Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand 44°06´S 170°50´E U11 Fairmont Minnesota, N USA 43°40´N 94°27´W Q16 Fairmont Nebraska, C USA 40°37´N 97°36´W S3 Fairmont West Virginia, NE USA 39°28´N 80°08´W P13 Fairmount Indiana, N USA 40°25´N 85°39´W H10 Fairmount New York, NE USA 43°03´N 76°14´W R7 Fairmount North Dakota, N USA 46°02´N 96°36´W S5 Fairplay Colorado, C USA 39°13´N 106°00´W F9 Fairport New York, NE USA 43°06´N 77°26´W O12 Fairview Alberta, W Canada 56°03´N 118°28´W L9 Fairview Oklahoma, C USA 36°16´N 98°29´W L4 Fairview Utah, W USA 39°37´N 111°26´W T6 Fairview Peak l Nevada, W USA 39°13´N 118°09´W H14 Fais atoll Caroline Islands, W Micronesia U8 Faisalābād prev. Lyallpur. Punjab, NE Pakistan 31°26´N 73°06´E Faisaliya see Fayşalīyah L8 Faith South Dakota, N USA 45°01´N 102°02´W N12 Faizābād Uttar Pradesh, N India 26°46´N 82°08´E Faizabad/Faizābād see Feiẕābād S9 Fajardo E Puerto Rico 18°20´N 65°39´W R9 Fajj, Wādī al dry watercourse S Iraq K4 Fajr, Bi’r well NW Saudi Arabia W10 Fakahina atoll Îles Tuamotu, C French Polynesia L10 Fakaofo Atoll island SE Tokelau U10 Fakarava atoll Îles Tuamotu, C French Polynesia T2 Fakel Udmurtskaya Respublika, NW Russian Federation 57°35´N 53°00´E P19 Fakenham E England, United Kingdom 52°50´N 00°51´E

95

29 T9 27 21 35 33 30 29 33 31 25 27 19 23 96 185 29 29 21 31 18 29 37 18 11 26 36 35 188 149

28 153

45 139 140 191 190 191 127 97

55°16´N 12°08´E Fakse Bugt bay SE Denmark Fakse Ladeplads Sjælland, SE Denmark 55°14´N 12°11´E Faku Liaoning, NE China 42°30´N 123°27´E Falaba N Sierra Leone 09°54´N 11°22´W Falaise Calvados, N France 48°52´N 00°12´W Falakró m NE Greece Falalu island Chuuk, C Micronesia Falam Chin State, W Myanmar (Burma) 22°58´N 93°45´E Falāvarjān Eşfahān, C Iran 32°33´N 51°28´E Fălciu Vaslui, E Romania 46°19´N 28°10´E Falcón off. Estado Falcón. r state NW Venezuela

100 96 65 63

47 65

63

115 95 139 35 189 93 194 100 33 35 19 27 35 21 29 25 77 45 44 97 20 19 21 189 83 155 38 154

43°37´N 13°23´E Falcone, Capo del see Falcone, Punta del A16 Falcone, Punta del var. Capo del Falcone. headland Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 40°57´N 8°12´E Falcón, Estado see Falcón Y16 Falcon Lake Manitoba, S Canada 49°44´N 95°18´W Falcon Lake see Falcón, Presa/Falcon Reservoir 07 Falcón, Presa var. Falcon Lake, Falcon Reservoir. d  Mexico/USA see also Falcon Reservoir Falcón, Presa see Falcon Reservoir Q16 Falcon Reservoir var. Falcon Lake, Presa Falcón. d  Mexico/USA see also Falcón, Presa Falcon Reservoir see Falcón, Presa L10 Fale island Fakaofo Atoll, SE Tokelau F15 Faleālupo Savai‘i, NW Samoa 13°30´S 172°46´W B10 Falefatu island Funafuti Atoll, C Tuvalu G15 Fālelima Savai‘i, NW Samoa 13°30´S 172°41´W N18 Falerum Östergötland, S Sweden 58°07´N 16°15´E Faleshty see Făleşti M9 Făleşti Rus. Faleshty. NW Moldova 47°33´N 27°43´E S15 Falfurrias Texas, SW USA 27°17´N 98°10´W O13 Falher Alberta, W Canada 55°45´N 117°18´W Falkenau an der Eger see Sokolov J21 Falkenberg Halland, S Sweden 56°55´N 12°30´E Falkenberg see Niemodlin Falkenburg in Pommern see Złocieniec N12 Falkensee Brandenburg, NE Germany 52°34´N 13°04´E J12 Falkirk C Scotland, United Kingdom 56°N 03°48´W I20 Falkland Escarpment undersea feature SW Atlantic Ocean 50°00´S 45°00´W K24 Falkland Islands var. Falklands, Islas Malvinas. p UK dependent territory SW Atlantic Ocean W14 Falkland Islands island group SW Atlantic Ocean I20 Falkland Plateau var. Argentine Rise. undersea feature SW Atlantic Ocean 51°00´S 50°00´W Falklands see Falkland Islands M23 Falkland Sound var. Estrecho de San Carlos. strait C Falkland Islands Falknov nad Ohří see Sokolov H21 Falkonéra island S Greece K18 Falköping Västra Götaland, S Sweden 58°10´N 13°31´E U8 Fallāḩ Wāsiţ, E Iraq 32°58´N 45°09´E U16 Fallbrook California, W USA 33°22´N 117°15´W U12 Falleallej Pass passage Chuuk Islands, C Micronesia J14 Fällfors Västerbotten, N Sweden 65°07´N 20°46´E I6 Fallières Coast physical region Antarctica I11 Fallingbostel Niedersachsen, NW Germany 52°52´N 09°42´E X9 Fallon Montana, NW USA 46°49´N 105°07´W S5 Fallon Nevada, W USA 39°29´N 118°47´W O12 Fall River Massachusetts, NE USA 41°42´N 71°09´W P6 Fall River Lake d Kansas, C USA O3 Fall River Mills California, W USA 41°00´N 121°28´W W4 Falls Church Virginia, NE USA 38°53´N 77°11´W S17 Falls City Nebraska, C USA 40°03´N 95°36´W S12 Falls City Texas, SW USA 28°58´N 98°01´W Falluja see Al Fallūjah S12 Falmey Dosso, SW Niger 12°29´N 02°58´E W10 Falmouth Antigua, Antigua and Barbuda 17°02´N 61°47´W J11 Falmouth W Jamaica 18°28´N 77°39´W H25 Falmouth SW England, United Kingdom 50°08´N 05°04´W M4 Falmouth Kentucky, S USA 38°40´N 84°20´W P13 Falmouth Massachusetts, NE USA 41°31´N 70°36´W W5 Falmouth Virginia, NE USA 38°19´N 77°28´W U12 Falos island Chuuk, C Micronesia E26 False Bay Afr. Valsbaai. bay SW South Africa K17 False Divi Point headland E India 15°46´N 80°43´E M16 False Pass Unimak Island, Alaska, USA 54°52´N 163°15´W P12 False Point headland E India 20°23´N 86°52´E

Country Country Capital

105 U6 Falset Cataluña, NE Spain 41°08´N 00°49´E

76 G12 Farim NW Guinea-Bissau

95 I25 Falster island SE Denmark 116 K9 Fălticeni Hung. Falticsén. Suceava, NE Romania

141 T11

Falticsén see Fălticeni 94 M13 Falun var. Fahlun. Kopparberg, C Sweden

149 R2

47°27´N 26°20´E

62 I8 99 J21 77 X15 76 M12 115 K19 189 V13 189 U12 115 L20 45 Q13 172 I5 167 O6 80 E13

193 V15 161 N7

160 K15

60°36´N 15°36´E Famagusta see Gazimağusa Famagusta Bay see Gazimağusa Körfezi Famatina La Rioja, NW Argentina 28°58´S 67°46´W Famenne physical region SE Belgium Fan j E Nigeria Fana Koulikoro, SW Mali 12°45´N 06°55´W Fána ancient harbour Chíos, SE Greece Fanan island Chuuk, C Micronesia Fanapanges island Chuuk, C Micronesia Fanári, Akrotírio headland Ikaría, Dodekánisa, Greece, Aegean Sea 37°40´N 26°21´E Fancy Saint Vincent, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 13°22´N 61°10´W Fandriana Fianarantsoa, SE Madagascar 20°14´S 47°21´E Fang Chiang Mai, NW Thailand 19°56´N 99°14´E Fangak Jonglei, E South Sudan 09°05´N 30°52´E Fangatau see Fagatau Fangataufa see Fagataufa Fanga Uta bay S Tonga Fangcheng Henan, C China 33°18´N 113°03´E Fangcheng see Fangchenggang Fangchenggang var. Fangcheng Gezu Zizhixian; prev. Fangcheng. Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, S China 21°49´N 108°21´E

95 N21

147 Q14 116 F12 115 M21 30 M13 31 N14 25 U6 22 H5 29 X16 19 Q6 29 V9 27 X6 19 O9 37 P9 36 L2 21 W9 21 U6 97 N22 97 N22

Fangcheng Gezu Zizhixian see Fangchenggang 161 S15 Fangshan S Taiwan

10 J7

163 X8

95 Q18

119 K16

113 D22 25 T13

94 G8 106 I11 95 E23 167 R5

141 W7

185 G16 79 P16 172 I7 148 J7 148 K7

22°19´N 120°41´E Fangzheng Heilongjiang, NE China 45°50´N 128°50´E Fani see Fanit, Lumi i Fanipal’ Rus. Fanipol’. Minskaya Voblasts’, C Belarus 53°45´N 27°20´E Fanipol’ see Fanipal’ Fanit, Lumi i var. Fani. j N Albania Fannin Texas, SW USA 28°41´N 97°13´W Fanning Island see Tabuaeran Fannrem Sør-Trøndelag, S Norway 63°16´N 09°48´E Fano anc. Colonia Julia Fanestris, Fanum Fortunae. Marche, C Italy 43°50´N 13°E Fanø island W Denmark Fan Si Pan l N Vietnam 22°18´N 103°36´E Fanum Fortunae see Fano Fao see Al Fāw Faq‘ var. Al Faqa. Dubayy, E United Arab Emirates 24°42´N 55°37´E Farab see Farap Faraday, Mount l South Island, New Zealand 42°01´S 171°37´E Faradje Orientale, NE Dem. Rep. Congo 03°45´N 29°43´E Faradofay see Tôlaaro Farafangana Fianarantsoa, SE Madagascar 22°50´S 47°50´E Farāh var. Farah, Fararud. Farāh, W Afghanistan 32°22´N 62°07´E Farāh r province W Afghanistan

Farāh Rūd j W Afghanistan 188 K7 Farallon de Medinilla island C Northern Mariana Islands 188 J2 Farallon de Pajaros var. Uracas. island N Northern Mariana Islands 76 J14 Faranah Haute-Guinée, S Guinea 10°02´N 10°44´W 146 K12 Farap Rus. Farab. Lebap Welaýaty, NE Turkmenistan 148 J7

140 M13 172 I5 188 K15 99 H20 105 O14 191 S10 97 M23 39 P11 184 H13

184 I13 95 I17

39°15´N 63°32´E Fararud see Farāh Farasān, Jazā’ir island group SW Saudi Arabia Faratsiho Antananarivo, C Madagascar 19°24´S 46°57´E Faraulep Atoll atoll Caroline Islands, C Micronesia Farciennes Hainaut, S Belgium 50°26´N 04°33´E Fardes j S Spain Fare Huahine, W French Polynesia 16°42´S 151°01´W Fareham S England, United Kingdom 50°51´N 01°10´W Farewell Alaska, USA 62°35´N 153°59´W Farewell, Cape headland South Island, New Zealand 40°30´S 172°39´E Farewell, Cape see Nunap Isua Farewell Spit spit South Island, New Zealand Färgelanda Västra Götaland, S Sweden 58°34´N 11°59´E

Farghona, Wodii/ Farghona Valley see Fergana Valley Farghona Wodiysi see Fergana Valley 23 V8 Fargo Georgia, SE USA 29 R5 147 S10

147 R10 29 V10 152 J11 152 H8 153 T15

104 G14 78 F13 104 G14

64 M5 Faroe-Iceland Ridge var. Faeroe-Iceland Ridge. undersea ridge NW Norwegian Sea 86 C8 Faroe Islands var. Faeroe Islands. island group N Atlantic Ocean 64 M5 Faroe Islands var. Faeroe Islands, Dan. Færøerne, Faer. Føroyar. Self-governing territory of Denmark N Atlantic Ocean 64 N6 Faroe-Shetland Trough var. Faeroe-Shetland Trough. trough NE Atlantic Ocean Faro, Punta del see Peloro, Capo 95 Q18 Fårösund Gotland, SE Sweden 57°51´N 19°02´E 173 N7 Farquhar Group island group S Seychelles 18 B13 Farrell Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°12´N 80°28´W 152 K11 Farrukhābād Uttar Pradesh, N India 27°24´N 79°34´E 143 P11 Fārs off. Ostān-e Fārs; anc. Persis. r province S Iran 115 F16 Fársala Thessalía, C Greece 143 R4 95 G21 95 D18 141 U14 60 H13 24 L4 194 I9 152 L9 148 M3 143 P12 141 U12 107 P17 92 L3 117 O5 97 B22 190 C9 152 K12 149 U6 152 G11 152 L13 126 J7

30°42´N 82°33´W Fargo North Dakota, N USA 46°53´N 96°47´W Farg‘ona Rus. Fergana; prev. Novyy Margilan. Farg’ona Viloyati, E Uzbekistan 40°28´N 71°44´E Farg’ona Viloyati Rus. Ferganskaya Oblast’. r province E Uzbekistan Faribault Minnesota, N USA 44°18´N 93°16´W Farīdābād Haryāna, N India 28°26´N 77°190´E Farīdkot Punjab, NW India 30°42´N 74°47´E Faridpur Dhaka, C Bangladesh 23°29´N 89°50´E Fārigh, Wādī al j N Libya

76 G11

61°48´N 15°55´E

92 G12

121 P14 172 I4 Farihy Alaotra c C Madagascar 94 M11 Färila Gävleborg, C Sweden 104 E9

104 G14

Farilhões island C Portugal

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

12°30´N 15°09´W Farish see Forish Fāris, Qalamat well SE Saudi Arabia Färjestaden Kalmar, S Sweden 56°38´N 16°30´E Farkhār Takhār, NE Afghanistan 36°39´N 69°43´E Farkhor Rus. Parkhar. SW Tajikistan 37°32´N 69°22´E Fârliug prev. Fîrliug, Hung. Furluk. Caraș-Severin, SW Romania 45°21´N 21°55´E Farmakonísi island Dodekánisa, Greece, Aegean Sea Farmer City Illinois, N USA 40°14´N 88°38´W Farmersburg Indiana, N USA 39°14´N 87°21´W Farmersville Texas, SW USA 33°09´N 96°21´W Farmerville Louisiana, S USA 32°46´N 92°24´W Farmington Iowa, C USA 40°37´N 91°43´W Farmington Maine, NE USA 44°40´N 70°09´W Farmington Minnesota, N USA 44°39´N 93°09´W Farmington Missouri, C USA 37°46´N 90°26´W Farmington New Hampshire, NE USA 43°23´N 71°04´W Farmington New Mexico, SW USA 36°44´N 108°13´W Farmington Utah, W USA 40°58´N 111°53´W Farmville North Carolina, SE USA 35°37´N 77°36´W Farmville Virginia, NE USA 37°17´N 78°25´W Farnborough S England, United Kingdom 51°17´N 00°46´W Farnham S England, United Kingdom 51°13´N 00°49´W Faro Yukon, W Canada 62°15´N 133°30´W Faro Faro, S Portugal 37°01´N 07°56´W Fårö Gotland, SE Sweden 57°55´N 19°10´E Faro r district S Portugal Faro j Cameroon/Nigeria Faro k Faro, S Portugal 37°02´N 08°01´W

104 G9 136 M11 190 D12 191 X7

79 H21 29 O8 116 L13

39°17´N 22°23´E Fārsīān Golestán, N Iran Fars, Khalīj-e see Persian Gulf Farsø Nordjylland, N Denmark 56°47´N 09°21´E Fārs, Ostān-e see Fārs Farsund Vest-Agder, S Norway 58°05´N 06°49´E Fartak, Ra’s headland E Yemen 15°34´N 52°19´E Fartura, Serra da m S Brazil Farvel, Kap see Nunap Isua Farwell Texas, SW USA 34°23´N 103°03´W Farwell Island island Antarctica Far Western r zone W Nepal Fāryāb r province N Afghanistan Fasā Fārs, S Iran 28°55´N 53°39´E Fasad, Ramlat desert SW Oman Fasano Puglia, SE Italy 40°50´N 17°21´E

Fáskrúðsfjörður Austurland, E Iceland

64°55´N 14°01´W Fastiv Rus. Fastov. Kyyivs’ka Oblast’, NW Ukraine 50°08´N 29°59´E Fastnet Rock Ir. Carraig Aonair. island SW Ireland Fastov see Fastiv Fatato island Funafuti Atoll, C Tuvalu Fatehgarh Uttar Pradesh, N India 27°22´N 79°38´E Fatehjang Punjab, E Pakistan 33°33´N 72°43´E Fatehpur Rājasthān, N India 27°59´N 74°58´E Fatehpur Uttar Pradesh, N India 25°56´N 80°55´E Fatezh Kurskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 52°01´N 35°51´E Fatick W Senegal 14°19´N 16°27´W Fátima Santarém, W Portugal 39°37´N 08°39´W Fatsa Ordu, N Turkey 41°02´N 37°31´E Fatshan see Foshan Fatua, Pointe var. Pointe Nord. headland Île Futuna, S Wallis and Futuna Fatu Hiva island Îles Marquises, NE French Polynesia Fatunda see Fatundu Fatundu var. Fatunda. Bandundu, W Dem. Rep. Congo 04°08´S 17°13´E Faulkton South Dakota, N USA 45°02´N 99°07´W Făurei prev. Filimon Sîrbu. Brăila, SE Romania 45°05´N 27°15´E Fauske Nordland, C Norway 67°15´N 15°27´E

Administrative Regions International Airport

11 P13 Faust Alberta, W Canada 55°19´N 115°33´W

99 L23 Fauvillers Luxembourg, SE Belgium 49°52´N 05°40´E 107 J24 Favara Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 37°19´N 13°40´E

Faventia see Faenza 107 G23 Favignana, Isola island Isole Egadi, S Italy 12 D8 Fawn j Ontario, SE Canada Faxa Bay see Faxaflói 92 H3 Faxaflói Eng. Faxa Bay. bay W Iceland 78 I7 Faya prev. Faya-Largeau, Largeau. Borkou, N Chad

104 H6 Felgueiras Porto, N Portugal 41°22´N 08°12´W Felicitas Julia see Lisboa 172 J16 Félicité island Inner Islands, NE Seychelles 151 K20 Felidhu Atoll atoll C Maldives

41 Y13 Felipe Carrillo Puerto Quintana Roo, SE Mexico 19°34´N 88°02´W

97 Q21 Felixstowe E England, United Kingdom 51°58´N 01°20´E 103 N11 Felletin Creuse, C France

17°58´N 19°06´E

Faya-Largeau see Faya 187 Q16 Fayaoué Province des Îles Loyauté, C New Caledonia 20°41´S 166°31´E

138 M5 Fayḑāt hill range E Syria 23 O3 Fayette Alabama, S USA 33°40´N 87°49´W

35 N10 106 H7 95 H25

29 X12 Fayette Iowa, C USA 22 J6 27 U4 27 S9 21 U10 20 J10 25 U11 21 R5 141 R4 139 T10 189 P15 152 G8 76 I6

97 B20 21 V12

35 O6 185 M14 102 L3 61 D17 61 D17

42°50´N 91°48´W

Fayette Mississippi, S USA

31°42´N 91°03´W Fayette Missouri, C USA 39°09´N 92°40´W Fayetteville Arkansas, C USA 36°04´N 94°10´W Fayetteville North Carolina, SE USA 35°03´N 78°53´W Fayetteville Tennessee, S USA 35°08´N 86°33´W Fayetteville Texas, SW USA 29°52´N 96°40´W Fayetteville West Virginia, NE USA 38°03´N 81°09´W Faylakah var. Failaka Island. island E Kuwait Fayşalīyah var. Faisaliya. Al Qādisīyah, S Iraq 31°48´N 44°36´E Fayu var. East Fayu. island Hall Islands, C Micronesia Fāzilka Punjab, NW India 30°26´N 74°04´E Fdérick see Fdérik Fdérik var. Fdérick, Fr. Fort Gouraud. Tiris Zemmour, NW Mauritania 22°40´N 12°41´W Feabhail, Loch see Foyle, Lough Feale j SW Ireland Fear, Cape headland Bald Head Island, North Carolina, SE USA 33°50´N 77°57´W Feather River j California, W USA Featherston Wellington, North Island, New Zealand 41°07´S 175°28´E Fécamp Seine-Maritime, N France 49°45´N 00°22´E Fédala see Mohammedia Federación Entre Ríos, E Argentina 31°00´S 57°55´W Federal Entre Ríos, E Argentina 30°55´S 58°45´W

77 T15 Federal Capital District r capital territory C Nigeria Federal Capital Territory see Australian Capital Territory Federal District see Distrito Federal 21 Y4 Federalsburg Maryland, NE USA 38°41´N 75°46´W 74 M6 Fedjaj, Chott el var. Chott el Fejaj, Shaţţ al Fijāj. salt lake C Tunisia 94 B13 Fedje island S Norway 144 M7 Fedorovka Kostanay, N Kazakhstan 51°12´N 52°00´E 127 U6 Fedorovka Respublika Bashkortostan, W Russian Federation 53°09´N 55°07´E Fëdory see Fyadory 117 U11 Fedotova Kosa spit SE Ukraine 189 V13 Fefan atoll Chuuk Islands, C Micronesia 111 O21 Fehérgyarmat SzabolcsSzatmár-Bereg, E Hungary

100 L7 95 H25

109 X8 59 B15 184 M12

59 O17 109 X7 161 P8 149 S2

111 I23 95 I24 136 K15

105 Y9 109 T3 109 W8 101 F24 116 J12 108 I7 109 S9

47°59´N 22°29´E Fehér-Körös see Crişul Alb Fehértemplom see Bela Crkva Fehérvölgy see Albac Fehmarn island N Germany Fehmarn Belt Dan. Femern Bælt, Ger. Fehmarnbelt. strait Denmark /Germany see also Femern Bælt Fehmarnbelt see Fehmarn Belt/Femer Bælt Fehring Steiermark, SE Austria 46°56´N 16°00´E Feijó Acre, W Brazil 08°07´S 70°27´W Feilding ManawatuWanganui, North Island, New Zealand 40°15´S 175°34´E Feira see Feira de Santana Feira de Santana var. Feira. Bahia, E Brazil 12°17´S 38°53´W Feistritz j SE Austria Feistritz see Ilirska Bistrica Feixi var. Shangpai; prev. Shangpaihe. Anhui, E China 31°40´N 117°08´E Feiẕābād var. Faizabad, Faizābād, Feyzābād, Fyzabad; prev. Feyẕābād. Badakhshān, NE Afghanistan 37°06´N 70°34´E Fejaj, Chott el see Fedjaj, Chott el Fejér off. Fejér Megye. r county W Hungary Fejér Megye see Fejér Fejø island SE Denmark Feke Adana, S Turkey 37°49´N 35°55´E Feketehalom see Codlea Fekete-Körös see Crişul Negru Felanitx Mallorca, Spain, W Mediterranean Sea 39°28´N 03°08´E Feldaist j N Austria Feldbach Steiermark, SE Austria 46°58´N 15°53´E Feldberg l SW Germany 47°52´N 08°01´E Feldioara Ger. Marienburg, Hung. Földvár. Brașov, C Romania 45°49´N 25°36´E Feldkirch anc. Clunia. Vorarlberg, W Austria 47°15´N 09°38´E

Feldkirchen in Kärnten Slvn. Trg. Kärnten, S Austria

46°42´N 14°01´E Félegyháza see Kiskunfélegyháza 192 H16 Feleolo k (Āpia) Upolu, C Samoa 13°49´S 171°59´W

Mountain Mountain Range

Volcano River

95 I24 94 I10 104 H2 14 I14 189 U13 137 O11

115 J14 163 V13

160 K11 161 O7 161 S9

160 L9 160 M14 161 T13 161 P1 160 E13 161 O6 161 Q2

163 T4 161 P14

160 J7

163 P13 160 M6 153 V15 186 I6 38 H17 84 B9

30 J9 172 J4

45°53´N 02°12´E Fellin see Viljandi Felsőbánya see Baia Sprie Felsőmuzslya see Mužlja Felsővisó see Vişeu de Sus Felton California, W USA 37°03´N 122°04´W Feltre Veneto, NE Italy 46°01´N 11°55´E Femer Bælt Dan. Fehmarn Belt, Ger. Fehmarnbelt. strait Denmark/Germany see also Fehmarn Belt Femø island SE Denmark Femunden c S Norway Fene Galicia, NW Spain 43°28´N 08°10´W Fenelon Falls Ontario, SE Canada 44°34´N 78°43´W Feneppi atoll Chuuk Islands, C Micronesia Fener Burnu headland N Turkey 41°07´N 39°26´E Fénérive see Fenoarivo Atsinanana Fengári l Samothráki, E Greece 40°27´N 25°37´E Fengcheng var. Feng-cheng, Fenghwangcheng. Liaoning, NE China 40°28´N 124°01´E Fengcheng see Lianjiang Feng-cheng see Fengcheng Fenggang var. Longquan. Guizhou, S China 27°57´N 107°42´E Feng He j C China Fenghua Zhejiang, SE China 29°40´N 121°25´E Fenghwangcheng see Fengcheng Fengjiaba see Wangcang Fengjie var. Yong’an. Sichuan, C China 31°03´N 109°31´E Fengkai var. Jiangkou. Guangdong, S China 23°26´N 111°28´E Fenglin Jap. Hōrin. C Taiwan 23°52´N 121°30´E Fengning prev. Dagezhen. Hebei, E China 41°12´N 116°37´E Fengqing var. Fengshan. Yunnan, SW China 24°38´N 99°54´E Fengqiu Henan, C China 35°02´N 114°24´E Fengrun Hebei, E China 39°50´N 118°10´E Fengshan see Luoyuan, Fujian, China Fengshan see Fengqing, Yunnan, China Fengshui Shan l NE China 52°20´N 123°22´E Fengshun Guangdong, S China 23°51´N 116°11´E Fengtien see Liaoning, China Fengtien see Shenyang, China Fengxian var. Feng Xian; prev. Shuangshipu. Shaanxi, C China 33°50´N 106°33´E Feng Xian see Fengxian Fengxiang see Luobei Fengyizhen see Maoxian Fengzhen Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China 40°25´N 113°09´E Fen He j C China Feni Chittagong, E Bangladesh 23°00´N 91°24´E Feni Islands island group NE Papua New Guinea Fenimore Pass strait Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA Feni Ridge undersea feature N Atlantic Ocean 53°45´N 18°00´W Fennern see Vändra Fennimore Wisconsin, N USA 42°58´N 90°39´W

Fenoarivo Atsinanana prev./Fr. Fénérive. Toamasina, E Madagascar 20°52´S 46°52´E

95 I24 Fensmark Sjælland, SE Denmark 55°17´N 11°48´E 97 O19 Fens, The wetland E England, United Kingdom 31 R9 Fenton Michigan, N USA 190 K10 190 F12 190 L10 160 M4 117 U13

94 I10 74 L5 31 O16

143 T7 103 Q5

107 J16 114 L13

147 S10

42°48´N 83°42´W Fenua Fala island SE Tokelau Fenuafo‘ou, Île island E Wallis and Futuna Fenua Loa island Fakaofo Atoll, E Tokelau Fenyang Shanxi, C China 37°14´N 111°40´E Feodosiya var. Kefe, It. Kaffa; anc. Theodosia. Avtonomna Respublika Krym, S Ukraine 45°03´N 35°24´E Feragen c S Norway Fer, Cap de headland NE Algeria 37°05´N 07°10´E Ferdinand Indiana, N USA 38°13´N 86°51´W Ferdinand see Montana, Bulgaria Ferdinand see Mihail Kogălniceanu, Romania Ferdinandsberg see Oelu Roşu Ferdows var. Firdaus; prev. Tūn. Khorāsān-e Jonūbī, E Iran 34°00´N 58°09´E Fère-Champenoise Marne, N France 48°45´N 03°59´E Ferencz-Jósef Csúcs see Gerlachovský štít Ferentino Lazio, C Italy 41°40´N 13°16´E Féres Anatolikí Makedonía kai Thráki, NE Greece 40°54´N 26°12´E Fergana see Farg‘ona Fergana Valley var. Farghona Valley, Rus. Ferganskaya Dolina, Taj. Wodii Farghona, Uzb. Farghona Wodiysi. basin Tajikistan/Uzbekistan Ferganskaya Dolina see Fergana Valley Ferganskaya Oblast’ see Farg’ona Viloyati

147 U9 Ferganskiy Khrebet m C Kyrgyzstan

Lake Reservoir

14 F15 Fergus Ontario, S Canada 43°42´N 80°22´W

Fergus Falls Minnesota, N USA 46°15´N 96°02´W 186 G9 Fergusson Island var. Kaluwawa. island SE Papua New Guinea 111 K22 Ferihegy k (Budapest) Budapest, C Hungary 29 S6

47°25´N 19°13´E

113 N17 Ferizaj Serb. Uroševac. C Kosovo 42°23´N 21°09´E 77 N14 Ferkessédougou N Ivory Coast 09°36´N 05°12´W 109 T10 Ferlach Slvn. Borovlje. Kärnten, S Austria 46°31´N 14°18´E

97 E16 Fermanagh cultural region SW Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 106 J13 Fermo anc. Firmum Picenum. Marche, C Italy 104 J6 97 D20 23 W8 57 A17

47 Y5

60 J7 104 M13 83 Q14 34 K3 32 H6 11 P17 35 R5 107 N18 106 G9 120 F9 107 D20

104 G12 56 B11 108 C12 102 I13 22 I6 107 D16

104 H2 56 B12 36 M5 21 S7 23 O8

29 S4

98 L5 74 G6 79 I22 29 O4 27 X5 116 M14 136 D17 96 M1 95 I15 12 L5 12 L5 99 M23 103 Q11 95 F18 123 R13

97 J19

62 I8 172 I6 172 H6 78 G12 80 J12 101 N17 101 M18 101 M19 106 E9 113 K21 113 K21

43°09´N 13°44´E Fermoselle Castilla y León, N Spain 41°19´N 06°24´W Fermoy Ir. Mainistir Fhear Maí. SW Ireland 52°08´N 08°16´W Fernandina Beach Amelia Island, Florida, SE USA 30°40´N 81°27´W Fernandina, Isla var. Narborough Island. island Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, E Pacific Ocean Fernando de Noronha island E Brazil Fernando Po/Fernando Póo see Bioco, Isla de Fernandópolis São Paulo, S Brazil 20°18´S 50°13´W Fernán Núñez Andalucía, S Spain 37°40´N 04°44´W Fernāo Veloso, Baia de bay NE Mozambique Ferndale California, W USA 40°34´N 124°16´W Ferndale Washington, NW USA 48°51´N 122°35´W Fernie British Columbia, SW Canada 49°30´N 115°00´W Fernley Nevada, W USA 39°35´N 119°15´W Ferozepore see Fīrozpur Ferrandina Basilicata, S Italy 40°30´N 16°25´E Ferrara anc. Forum Alieni. Emilia-Romagna, N Italy 44°50´N 11°36´E Ferrat, Cap headland NW Algeria 35°52´N 00°24´W Ferrato, Capo headland Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 39°18´N 09°37´E Ferreira do Alentejo Beja, S Portugal 38°04´N 08°06´W Ferreñafe Lambayeque, W Peru 06°42´S 79°45´W Ferret Valais, SW Switzerland 45°57´N 07°04´E Ferret, Cap headland W France 44°37´N 01°15´W Ferriday Louisiana, S USA 31°37´N 91°33´W Ferro see Hierro Ferro, Capo headland Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 41°09´N 09°31´E Ferrol var. El Ferrol; prev. El Ferrol del Caudillo. Galicia, NW Spain 43°29´N 08°14´W Ferrol, Península de peninsula W Peru Ferron Utah, W USA 39°05´N 111°07´W Ferrum Virginia, NE USA 36°54´N 80°01´W Ferry Pass Florida, SE USA 30°30´N 87°12´W Ferryville see Menzel Bourguiba Fertile Minnesota, N USA 47°32´N 96°16´W Fertő see Neusiedler See Ferwerd see Ferwert Ferwert Dutch. Ferwerd. Fryslân, N Netherlands 53°21´N 05°47´E Fès Eng. Fez. N Morocco 34°06´N 04°57´W Feshi Bandundu, SW Dem. Rep. Congo 06°08´S 18°12´E Fessenden North Dakota, N USA 47°36´N 99°37´W Festenberg see Twardogóra Festus Missouri, C USA 38°13´N 90°24´W Feteşti Ialomia, SE Romania 44°22´N 27°51´E Fethiye Muğla, SW Turkey 36°37´N 29°08´E Fetlar island NE Scotland, United Kingdom Fetsund Akershus, S Norway 59°55´N 11°03´E Feuilles, Lac aux c Québec, E Canada Feuilles, Rivière aux j Québec, E Canada Feulen Diekirch, C Luxembourg 49°52´N 06°03´E Feurs Loire, E France 45°44´N 04°14´E Fevik Aust-Agder, S Norway 58°22´N 08°40´E Fevral’sk Amurskaya Oblast’, SE Russian Federation 52°25´N 131°06´E Feyzābād see Feiẕābād Feyẕābād see Feiẕābād Fez see Fès Ffestiniog NW Wales, United Kingdom 52°55´N 03°54´W Fhóid Duibh, Cuan an see Blacksod Bay Fiambalá Catamarca, NW Argentina 27°45´S 67°37´W Fianarantsoa Fianarantsoa, C Madagascar 21°27´S 47°05´E Fianarantsoa r province SE Madagascar Fianga Mayo-Kébbi Est, SW Chad 09°57´N 15°09´E Ficce see Fichē Fichē It. Ficce. Oromīya, C Ethiopia 09°48´N 38°43´E Fichtelberg l Czech Republic/Germany 50°26´N 12°57´E Fichtelgebirge m SE Germany Fichtelnaab j SE Germany Fidenza Emilia-Romagna, N Italy 44°52´N 10°04´E Fier var. Fieri. Fier, SW Albania 40°44´N 19°34´E Fier r district W Albania Fieri see Fier Fierza see Fierzë

249

Fierzë – Four Corners 113 L17 Fierzë var. Fierza. Shkodër, N Albania 42°15´N 20°02´E 113 L17 Fierzës, Liqeni i c N Albania 108 F10 Fiesch Valais, SW Switzerland 106 G11 138 G12 96 K11

96 K11

46°25´N 08°09´E Fiesole Toscana, C Italy 43°50´N 11°18´E Fīfah Aţ afīlah, W Jordan 30°55´N 35°25´E Fife var. Kingdom of Fife. cultural region E Scotland, United Kingdom Fife, Kingdom of see Fife Fife Ness headland E Scotland, United Kingdom 56°16´N 02°35´W

Finska Viken/Finskiy Zaliv see Finland, Gulf of 95 M17 Finspång Östergötland, S Sweden 58°42´N 15°45´E 108 F10 Finsteraarhorn l Switzerland 46°33´N 08°07´E 101 O14 Finsterwalde Brandenburg, E Germany 51°38´N 13°43´E 185 A23 Fiordland physical region South Island, New Zealand 106 E9 Fiorenzuola d’Arda Emilia-Romagna, C Italy

18 M14

Fifteen Twenty Fracture Zone see Barracuda Fracture Zone 103 N13 Figeac Lot, S France

106 G11

95 N19 Figeholm Kalmar, SE Sweden

14 C6

44°37´N 02°01´E

57°12´N 16°34´E Figig see Figuig 83 J18 Figtree Matabeleland South, SW Zimbabwe 20°24´S 28°21´E 104 F8 Figueira da Foz Coimbra, W Portugal 40°09´N 08°51´W 105 X4 Figueres Cataluña, E Spain 42°16´N 02°57´E 74 H7 Figuig var. Figig. E Morocco 32°09´N 01°13´W Fijājj, Shaţţ al see Fedjaj, Chott el 187 Y15 Fiji off. Republic of Fiji, prev. Sovereign Democratic Republic of Fiji, prev. Republic of the Fiji Islands, Fij. Viti. b republic SW Pacific Ocean 192 K9 Fiji island group SW Pacific Ocean

175 Q8

105 P14 83 K18 42 K13 111 K20 195 N5 14 J11 33 O15 116 H14 115 B16 115 D21 107 K22 141 Y10 77 S11 114 I13

95 L15 108 I9 94 E12 35 R14 36 K5 14 J10

195 Q2 106 G9 106 C10 105 P14 21 S6 99 M25 96 J9 31 R12 18 G11 83 L14 136 E17 102 F6

Fiji Islands, Republic of the see Fiji Fiji Plate tectonic feature Fiji, Republic of see Fiji Fiji, Sovereign Democratic Republic of see Fiji Filabres, Sierra de los m SE Spain Filabusi Matabeleland South, S Zimbabwe 20°34´S 29°20´E Filadelfia Guanacaste, W Costa Rica 10°28´N 85°33´W Fil’akovo Hung. Fülek. Banskobýstricky Kraj, C Slovakia 48°15´N 19°53´E Filchner Ice Shelf ice shelf Antarctica Fildegrand j Québec, SE Canada Filer Idaho, NW USA

42°34´N 114°36´W Filevo see Varbitsa Filiaşi Dolj, SW Romania 44°32´N 23°31´E Filiátes Ípeiros, W Greece 39°38´N 20°16´E Filiatrá Pelopónnisos, S Greece 37°09´N 21°35´E Filicudi, Isola island Isole Eolie, S Italy Filim E Oman 20°37´N 58°11´E Filimon Sîrbu see Făurei Filingué Tillabéri, W Niger 14°21´N 03°22´E Filiouri see Líssos Fílippoi anc. Philippi. site of ancient city Anatolikí Makedonía kai Thráki, NE Greece Filipstad Värmland, C Sweden 59°44´N 14°10´E Filisur Graubünden, S Switzerland 46°40´N 09°43´E Fillefjell m S Norway Fillmore California, W USA 34°23´N 118°56´W Fillmore Utah, W USA 38°57´N 112°19´W Fils, Lac du c Québec, SE Canada Filyos Çayı see Yenice Çayı Fimbul Ice Shelf see Fimbulisen Fimbutheimen physical region Antarctica Finale Emilia EmiliaRomagna, C Italy 44°50´N 11°17´E Finale Ligure Liguria, NW Italy 44°11´N 08°22´E Fiñana Andalucía, S Spain 37°09´N 02°47´W Fincastle Virginia, NE USA 37°30´N 79°54´W Findel k (Luxembourg) Luxembourg, C Luxembourg 49°39´N 06°16´E Findhorn j N Scotland, United Kingdom Findlay Ohio, N USA 41°02´N 83°40´W Finger Lakes c New York, NE USA Fingoè Tete, NW Mozambique 15°10´S 31°51´E Finike Antalya, SW Turkey 36°18´N 30°08´E Finistère r department NW France

186 D7 Finisterre Range m N Papua New Guinea 181 Q8 Finke Northern Territory, N Australia 25°37´S 134°35´E 109 S10 Finkenstein Kärnten, S Austria 46°34´N 13°53´E 189 Y15 Finkol, Mount var. Mount Crozer. l Kosrae, E Micronesia 05°18´N 163°00´E 93 L17 Finland off. Republic of Finland, Fin. Suomen Tasavalta, Suomi. b republic N Europe 124 F12 Finland, Gulf of Est. Soome Laht, Fin. Suomenlahti, Ger. Finnischer Meerbusen, Rus. Finskiy Zaliv, Swe. Finska Viken. gulf E Baltic Sea Finland, Republic of see Finland 10 L11 Finlay j British Columbia, W Canada 183 O10 Finley New South Wales, SE Australia 35°41´S 145°33´E 29 Q4 Finley North Dakota, N USA 47°30´N 97°50´W

Finnischer Meerbusen see Finland, Gulf of 92 K9 Finnmark r county N Norway 92 K9 Finnmarksvidda physical region N Norway 92 I9 Finnsnes Troms, N Norway 186 E7

69°16´N 18°00´E

Finschhafen Morobe, C Papua New Guinea

06°35´S 147°51´E 94 E13 Finse Hordaland, S Norway 60°35´N 07°33´E

250

106 G10

61 B19 103 Q12 152 J12 152 G8

143 O12

44°57´N 09°53´E Firat Nehri see Euphrates Firdaus see Ferdows Fire Island island New York, NE USA Firenze Eng. Florence; anc. Florentia. Toscana, C Italy 43°47´N 11°15´E Firenzuola Toscana, C Italy 44°07´N 11°22´E Fire River Ontario, S Canada 48°46´N 83°34´W Fîrliug see Fârliug Firmat Santa Fe, C Argentina 33°29´S 61°29´W Firminy Loire, E France 45°22´N 04°18´E Firmum Picenum see Fermo Fīrozābād Uttar Pradesh, N India 27°09´N 78°24´E Fīrozpur var. Ferozepore. Punjab, NW India 30°55´N 74°38´E First State see Delaware Fīrūzābād Fārs, S Iran 28°51´N 52°35´E Fischamend see Fischamend Markt

Fischamend Markt var. Fischamend. Niederösterreich, NE Austria

109 Y4

48°08´N 16°37´E

109 W6 Fischbacher Alpen m E Austria Fischhausen see Primorsk 83 D21 Fish var. Vis. j S Namibia 83 F24 Fish Afr. Vis. j SW South Africa 11 X15 Fisher Branch Manitoba, S Canada 51°09´N 97°34´W

11 X15 Fisher River Manitoba, S Canada 51°25´N 97°23´W 19 N13 Fishers Island island New York, NE USA 37 U8 Fishers Peak l Colorado, C USA 37°06´N 104°27´W 9 P9 Fisher Strait strait Nunavut, N Canada 97 H21 Fishguard Wel. Abergwaun. SW Wales, United Kingdom

64 B12 108 H7 97 N22 97 K16 18 H15 95 D18 21 N5 18 J15 64 I7 95 N16 100 I6 100 J6 102 K5 95 C14

21 P10 31 R6 102 L15 108 B8 99 H20 103 N7 98 K10

108 H9 182 F8 183 P14

51°59´N 04°49´W

Fish River Lake c Maine, NE USA 194 K6 Fiske, Cape headland Antarctica 74°27´S 60°28´W 103 P4 Fïsmes Marne, N France 19 R2

49°19´N 03°41´E

Fisterra, Cabo headland NW Spain 42°53´N 09°16´W 19 N11 Fitchburg Massachusetts, NE USA 42°34´N 71°48´W 96 L3 Fitful Head headland NE Scotland, United Kingdom 104 F3

59°57´N 01°24´W

95 C14 Fitjar Hordaland, S Norway

59°55´N 05°19´E 192 H16 Fito, Mauga l Upolu, C Samoa 13°57´S 171°42´W 23 U6 Fitzgerald Georgia, SE USA 31°42´N 83°15´W 180 M5 Fitzroy Crossing Western Australia 18°10´S 125°40´E 63 G21 Fitzroy, Monte var. Cerro Chaltel. l S Argentina 49°18´S 73°06´W

181 Y8 180 L5

14 E12 107 J15 107 H15

106 E10 79 O21 92 I11 95 G20 95 L16 37 V5 23 X10 36 L11 65 H24 19 P5 94 E13 15 O8 30 J5 97 O16 100 N13 16 H8

29 R10 96 D6 28 M6 93 G15 39 O11 92 H1 33 P8 173 Y15 25 T11 185 M14 27 X6

Flat River j Michigan, N USA 31 P14 Flatrock River j Indiana, N USA 32 E6 Flattery, Cape headland Washington, NW USA

31 P8

Fitzroy River j Queensland, E Australia Fitzroy River j Western Australia Fitzwilliam Island island Ontario, S Canada Fiuggi Lazio, C Italy 41°47´N 13°16´E Fiume see Rijeka Fiumicino Lazio, C Italy 41°46´N 12°13´E Fiumicino see Leonardo da Vinci Fivizzano Toscana, C Italy 44°13´N 10°06´E Fizi Sud-Kivu, E Dem. Rep. Congo 04°15´S 28°57´E Fizuli see Füzuli Fjällåsen Norrbotten, N Sweden 67°31´N 20°08´E Fjerritslev Nordjylland, N Denmark 57°06´N 09°17´E F.J.S. see Franz Josef Strauss Fjugesta Örebro, C Sweden 59°10´N 14°50´E Fladstrand see Frederikshavn Flagler Colorado, C USA 39°17´N 103°04´W Flagler Beach Florida, SE USA 29°28´N 81°07´W Flagstaff Arizona, SW USA 35°12´N 111°39´W Flagstaff Bay bay N Saint Helena, C Atlantic Ocean Flagstaff Lake c Maine, NE USA Flåm Sogn Og Fjordane, S Norway 60°51´N 07°06´E Flamand j Québec, SE Canada Flambeau River j Wisconsin, N USA Flamborough Head headland E England, United Kingdom 54°06´N 00°03´W Fläming hill range NE Germany Flaming Gorge Reservoir d Utah/Wyoming, NW USA Flanders see Vlaanderen Flandre see Vlaanderen Flandreau South Dakota, N USA 44°03´N 96°36´W Flannan Isles island group NW Scotland, United Kingdom Flasher North Dakota, N USA 46°25´N 101°12´W Flåsjön c N Sweden Flat Alaska, USA 62°27´N 158°00´W Flateyri Vestfirðir, NW Iceland 66°03´N 23°28´W Flathead Lake c Montana, NW USA Flat Island Fr. Île Plate. island N Mauritius Flatonia Texas, SW USA 29°41´N 97°06´W Flat Point headland North Island, New Zealand 41°12´S 176°03´E Flat River Missouri, C USA 37°51´N 90°31´W

Country Country Capital

182 I6

48°22´N 124°43´W Flatts Village var. The Flatts Village. C Bermuda 32°19´N 64°44´W Flawil Sankt Gallen, NE Switzerland 47°25´N 09°12´E Fleet S England, United Kingdom 51°16´N 00°50´W Fleetwood NW England, United Kingdom 53°55´N 03°02´W Fleetwood Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°27´N 75°49´W Flekkefjord Vest-Agder, S Norway 58°17´N 06°40´E Flemingsburg Kentucky, S USA 38°26´N 83°43´W Flemington New Jersey, NE USA 40°30´N 74°51´W Flemish Cap undersea feature NW Atlantic Ocean 47°00´N 45°00´W Flen Södermanland, C Sweden 59°04´N 16°39´E Flensburg SchleswigHolstein, N Germany 54°47´N 09°26´E Flensburger Förde inlet Denmark/Germany Flers Orne, N France 48°45´N 00°34´W Flesland k (Bergen) Hordaland, S Norway 60°18´N 05°15´E Flessingue see Vlissingen Fletcher North Carolina, SE USA 35°24´N 82°29´W Fletcher Pond c Michigan, N USA Fleurance Gers, S France 43°50´N 00°39´E Fleurier Neuchâtel, W Switzerland 46°55´N 06°37´E Fleurus Hainaut, S Belgium 50°28´N 04°33´E Fleury-les-Aubrais Loiret, C France 47°55´N 01°55´E Flevoland r province C Netherlands Flickertail State see North Dakota Flims Glarus, NE Switzerland 46°50´N 09°16´E Flinders Island island Investigator Group, South Australia Flinders Island island Furneaux Group, Tasmania, SE Australia Flinders Ranges m South Australia

181 U5 Flinders River j Queensland, NE Australia 11 V13 Flin Flon Manitoba, C Canada 54°47´N 101°51´W 97 K18 Flint NE Wales, United Kingdom 53°15´N 03°10´W 31 R9 Flint Michigan, N USA 43°01´N 83°41´W

97 J18 Flint cultural region NE Wales, United Kingdom 27 O7 Flint Hills hill range Kansas, C USA 191 Y6 Flint Island island Line Islands, E Kiribati 23 S4 Flint River j Georgia, SE USA 31 R9 Flint River j Michigan, N USA 189 X12 Flipper Point headland C Wake Island

44 G6 Florida Camagüey, C Cuba 21°32´N 78°14´W

61 F19 Florida Florida, S Uruguay 61 F19 23 U9

23 Y17 54 G8 23 Y17 37 Q16 64 D10 114 D13 27 X4 94 C11 115 L22 21 S7 25 N4

98 K7 105 S5 107 C20 31 R9 25 O6 186 B8 194 I10

193 Y15 11 U15 113 J14 116 L12

107 M16 76 D10 13 U11 109 U7 100 G7 104 F14 14 I10 103 N17 126 I5 123 S15

19°18´N 166°37´E

94 I13 Flisa Hedmark, S Norway 60°36´N 12°02´E

94 J13 Flisa j S Norway 122 J5 Flissingskiy, Mys headland Novaya Zemlya, NW Russian Federation 76°43´N 69°01´E Flitsch see Bovec 105 U6 Flix Cataluña, NE Spain 41°13´N 00°32´E

95 J19 Floda Västra Götaland, S Sweden 57°47´N 12°20´E 101 O16 Flöha j E Germany 25 O4 Flomot Texas, SW USA 29 V5 30 M15 103 P14 23 Q8 103 S4

23 O2 36 L14 37 T6 27 O5 20 M4 32 E13 21 T12 25 S9 54 E13 99 H21

34°13´N 100°58´W Floodwood Minnesota, N USA 46°55´N 92°55´W Flora Illinois, N USA 38°40´N 88°29´W Florac Lozère, S France 44°18´N 03°35´E Florala Alabama, S USA 31°00´N 86°19´W Florange Moselle, NE France 49°21´N 06°06´E Floreana, Isla see Santa María, Isla Florence Alabama, S USA 34°48´N 87°40´W Florence Arizona, SW USA 33°01´N 111°23´W Florence Colorado, C USA 38°20´N 105°06´W Florence Kansas, C USA 38°13´N 96°56´W Florence Kentucky, S USA 39°00´N 84°37´W Florence Oregon, NW USA 43°58´N 124°06´W Florence South Carolina, SE USA 34°12´N 79°44´W Florence Texas, SW USA 30°50´N 97°47´W Florence see Firenze Florencia Caquetá, S Colombia 01°37´N 75°37´W Florennes Namur, S Belgium 50°15´N 04°36´E Florentia see Firenze

63 J18 Florentino Ameghino, Embalse c S Argentina 99 J24 Florenville Luxembourg, SE Belgium 49°42´N 05°19´E 42 E3 Flores Petén, N Guatemala 16°55´N 89°56´W

61 E19 Flores r department S Uruguay 171 O16 Flores island Nusa Tenggara, C Indonesia 64 M1 Flores island Azores, Portugal, NE Atlantic Ocean Floreshty see Floreşti Flores, Lago de see Petén Itzá, Lago Flores, Laut see Flores Sea 171 N15 Flores Sea Ind. Laut Flores. sea C Indonesia 116 M8 Floreşti Rus. Floreshty. N Moldova 47°52´N 28°19´E 25 S12 Floresville Texas, SW USA 29°09´N 98°10´W

59 N14 Floriano Piauí, E Brazil 06°45´S 43°W

61 K14 Florianópolis prev. Destêrro. state capital Santa Catarina, S Brazil 27°35´S 48°32´W

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

34°04´S 56°14´W Florida r department S Uruguay Florida off. State of Florida, also known as Peninsular State, Sunshine State. r state SE USA Florida Bay bay Florida, SE USA Floridablanca Santander, N Colombia 07°04´N 73°06´W Florida Keys island group Florida, SE USA Florida Mountains m New Mexico, SW USA Florida, Straits of strait Atlantic Ocean/Gulf of Mexico Flórina var. Phlórina. Dytikí Makedonía, N Greece 40°48´N 21°26´E Florissant Missouri, C USA 38°48´N 90°20´W Florø Sogn Og Fjordane, S Norway 61°36´N 05°04´E Floúda, Akrotírio headland Astypálaia, Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea 36°38´N 26°23´E Floyd Virginia, NE USA 36°55´N 80°22´W Floydada Texas, SW USA 33°58´N 101°20´W Flüela Wisshorn see Weisshorn Fluessen c N Netherlands Flúmen j NE Spain Flumendosa j Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea Flushing Michigan, N USA 43°03´N 83°51´W Flushing see Vlissingen Fluvanna Texas, SW USA 32°54´N 101°06´W Fly j Indonesia/Papua New Guinea Flying Fish, Cape headland Thurston Island, Antarctica 72°00´S 102°25´W Flylân see Vlieland Fly River see Western Foa island Ha‘apai Group, C Tonga Foam Lake Saskatchewan, S Canada 51°38´N 103°31´W Foča var. Srbinje. SE Bosnia and Herzegovina 43°32´N 18°46´E Focşani Vrancea, E Romania 45°45´N 27°13´E Fogaras/Fogarasch see Făgăraş Foggia Puglia, SE Italy 41°28´N 15°31´E Foggo see Faggo Fogo island Ilhas de Sotavento, SW Cape Verde Fogo Island island Newfoundland and Labrador, E Canada Fohnsdorf Steiermark, SE Austria 47°13´N 14°40´E Föhr island NW Germany Fóia l S Portugal 37°19´N 08°39´W Foins, Lac aux c Québec, SE Canada Foix Ariège, S France 42°58´N 01°39´E Fokino Bryanskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 53°22´N 34°22´E Fokino Primorskiy Kray, W Russian Federation 42°58´N 132°25´E Fola, Cnoc see Bloody Foreland

94 E13 Folarskardnuten l S Norway 60°34´N 07°18´E 92 G11 Folda prev. Foldafjorden. fjord C Norway Foldafjorden see Folda 93 F14 Foldereid Nord-Trøndelag, C Norway 64°58´N 12°09´E Földvár see Feldioara 115 J22 Folégandros island Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea 23 O9 Foley Alabama, S USA 30°24´N 87°40´W

29 U7 Foley Minnesota, N USA 14 E7 95 D14 106 I13 97 Q23 23 W8 94 H10 25 P1 106 F13 21 T15 35 O7 116 M12 172 H14 18 K10 11 S10 30 M8

45°39´N 93°54´W

Foleyet Ontario, S Canada

48°15´N 82°26´W Folgefonna glacier S Norway Foligno Umbria, C Italy 42°58´N 12°40´E Folkestone SE England, United Kingdom 51°05´N 01°11´E Folkston Georgia, SE USA 30°49´N 82°00´W Folldal Hedmark, S Norway 62°08´N 10°00´E Follett Texas, SW USA 36°25´N 100°08´W Follonica Toscana, C Italy 42°55´N 10°45´E Folly Beach South Carolina, SE USA 32°39´N 79°56´W Folsom California, W USA 38°40´N 121°11´W Folteşti Galai, E Romania 45°45´N 28°00´E Fomboni Mohéli, S Comoros 12°18´S 43°46´E Fonda New York, NE USA 42°57´N 74°24´W Fond-du-Lac Saskatchewan, C Canada 59°20´N 107°09´W Fond du Lac Wisconsin, N USA 43°48´N 88°27´W

11 T10 Fond-du-Lac j Saskatchewan, C Canada 190 G8 Fongafale atoll C Tuvalu 107 C18 Fonni Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 40°07´N 09°17´E 189 V12 Fono island Chuuk, C Micronesia 54 G4 Fonseca La Guajira, N Colombia 10°53´N 72°51´W Fonseca, Golfo de see Fonseca, Gulf of 42 H8 Fonseca, Gulf of Sp. Golfo de Fonseca. gulf C Central America 103 O6 Fontainebleau Seineet-Marne, N France 48°24´N 02°42´E

63 G19 Fontana, Lago c W Argentina 21 N10 Fontana Lake d North Carolina, SE USA 107 L24 Fontanarossa k (Catania) Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 37°28´N 15°04´E

11 N11 Fontas j British Columbia, W Canada 58 D12 Fonte Boa Amazonas, N Brazil 02°32´S 66°01´W

Administrative Regions International Airport

102 J10 Fontenay-le-Comte Vendée, NW France 46°28´N 00°48´W 33 T16 Fontenelle Reservoir d Wyoming, C USA 193 Y14 Fonualei island Vava‘u Group, N Tonga 111 H24 Fonyód Somogy, W Hungary 39 Q10 187 R14 103 U4 183 Q8 77 T17 103 S14 101 K19 35 R13 94 D11 31 N4 183 O4 20 J6 27 U13 76 I14 197 O14 11 R17 14 D16 22 L5 31 S12 29 V11 21 Q10 32 G11

46°43´N 17°32´E Foochow see Fuzhou Foraker, Mount l Alaska, USA 62°57´N 151°24´W Forari Éfaté, C Vanuatu 17°42´S 168°33´E Forbach Moselle, NE France 49°11´N 06°54´E Forbes New South Wales, SE Australia 33°24´S 148°00´E Forcados Delta, S Nigeria 05°16´N 05°25´E Forcalquier Alpes-deHaute-Provence, SE France 43°57´N 05°46´E Forchheim Bayern, SE Germany 49°43´N 11°07´E Ford City California, W USA 35°09´N 119°27´W Førde Sogn Og Fjordane, S Norway 61°27´N 05°51´E Ford River j Michigan, N USA Fords Bridge New South Wales, SE Australia 29°44´S 145°25´E Fordsville Kentucky, S USA 37°36´N 86°39´W Fordyce Arkansas, C USA 33°49´N 92°23´W Forécariah SW Guinea 09°28´N 13°06´W Forel, Mont l SE Greenland 66°55´N 36°45´W Foremost Alberta, SW Canada 49°30´N 111°34´W Forest Ontario, S Canada 43°05´N 82°00´W Forest Mississippi, S USA 32°22´N 89°30´W Forest Ohio, N USA 40°47´N 83°26´W Forest City Iowa, C USA 43°15´N 93°38´W Forest City North Carolina, SE USA 35°19´N 81°52´W Forest Grove Oregon, NW USA 45°31´N 123°06´W

183 P17 Forestier Peninsula peninsula Tasmania, SE Australia 29 V8 Forest Lake Minnesota, N USA 45°16´N 92°59´W 23 S3 Forest Park Georgia, SE USA 33°37´N 84°22´W

29 Q3 Forest River j North Dakota, N USA 15 T6 Forestville Québec, SE Canada 48°45´N 69°04´W 103 Q11 Forez, Monts du m C France 96 K10 Forfar E Scotland, United Kingdom 56°38´N 02°54´W 26 J8 Forgan Oklahoma, C USA

36°54´N 100°32´W Forge du Sud see Dudelange 101 J24 Forggensee c S Germany 147 N10 Forish Rus. Farish. Jizzax Viloyati, C Uzbekistan 40°33´N 66°52´E

20 F9 32 F7

Forked Deer River j Tennessee, S USA Forks Washington, NW USA 47°57´N 124°22´W

92 N2 Forlandsundet sound W Svalbard 106 H10 Forlì anc. Forum Livii. Emilia-Romagna, N Italy 44°14´N 12°02´E

29 Q7 Forman North Dakota, N USA 46°07´N 97°39´W 97 K17 Formby NW England, United Kingdom 53°34´N 03°05´W 105 V11 Formentera anc. Ophiusa, Lat. Frumentum. island Islas Baleares, Spain, W Mediterranean Sea Formentor, Cabo de see Formentor, Cap de 105 Y9 Formentor, Cap de var. Cabo de Formentor, Cape Formentor. headland Mallorca, Spain, W Mediterranean Sea 39°57´N 03°12´E

Formentor, Cape see Formentor, Cap de 107 J16 Formia Lazio, C Italy 41°16´N 13°37´E

62 O7 Formosa Formosa, NE Argentina 26°07´S 58°14´W 62 M6 Formosa off. Provincia de Formosa. r province NE Argentina Formosa/Formo’sa see Taiwan Formosa, Provincia de see Formosa 59 I17 Formosa, Serra m C Brazil Formosa Strait see Taiwan Strait 95 H21 Fornæs headland C Denmark 56°26´N 10°57´E

25 U6 Forney Texas, SW USA 106 E9 117

96 27 39 25 181 95 95 93 101 183 23 27 33 149 12

44°42´N 10°07´E T14 Foros Avtonomna Respublika Krym, S Ukraine 44°24´N 33°47´E Føroyar see Faroe Islands J8 Forres NE Scotland, United Kingdom 57°32´N 03°38´W X11 Forrest City Arkansas, C USA 35°01´N 90°48´W Y15 Forrester Island island Alexander Archipelago, Alaska, USA N7 Forsan Texas, SW USA 32°06´N 101°22´W V5 Forsayth Queensland, NE Australia 18°31´S 143°37´E L19 Forserum Jönköping, S Sweden 57°42´N 14°28´E K15 Forshaga Värmland, C Sweden 59°33´N 13°29´E L19 Forssa Kanta-Häme, S Finland 60°49´N 23°40´E Q14 Forst Lus. Baršć Łužyca. Brandenburg, E Germany 51°43´N 14°38´E U7 Forster-Tuncurry New South Wales, SE Australia 32°11´S 152°30´E T4 Forsyth Georgia, SE USA 33°00´N 83°57´W T8 Forsyth Missouri, C USA 36°41´N 93°07´W W10 Forsyth Montana, NW USA 46°16´N 106°40´W U11 Fort Abbās Punjab, E Pakistan 29°12´N 73°00´E G10 Fort Albany Ontario, C Canada 52°15´N 81°35´W

Mountain Mountain Range

23 Y13 Fort Pierce Florida, SE USA

58 P13 Fortaleza prev. Ceará. state capital Ceará, NE Brazil 03°45´S 38°35´W

29 N10 Fort Pierre South Dakota, N USA 44°21´N 100°22´W 81 E18 Fort Portal SW Uganda

08°45´S 64°06´W

8

09°48´S 65°29´W

59 D16 Fortaleza Rondônia, W Brazil 56 C13 Fortaleza, Río j W Peru Fort-Archambault see Sarh 21 U3 Fort Ashby West Virginia, NE USA 39°30´N 78°46´W 96 I9 Fort Augustus N Scotland, United Kingdom

57°14´N 04°38´W Fort-Bayard see Zhanjiang 33 S8 Fort Benton Montana, NW USA 47°49´N 110°40´W 35 Q1 Fort Bidwell California, W USA 41°50´N 120°07´W 34 L5 Fort Bragg California, W USA 39°25´N 123°48´W 31 N16 Fort Branch Indiana, N USA 38°15´N 87°34´W Fort-Bretonnet see Bousso 33 T17 Fort Bridger Wyoming, C USA 41°18´N 110°19´W Fort-Cappolani see Tidjikja Fort-Carnot see Ikongo Fort Charlet see Djanet Fort-Chimo see Kuujjuaq 11 R10 Fort Chipewyan Alberta, C Canada 58°42´N 111°08´W Fort Cobb Lake see Fort Cobb Reservoir

27°28´N 80°20´W

0°39´N 30°17´E

J10 Fort Providence var. Providence. Northwest Territories, W Canada 61°21´N 117°39´W

11 U16 Fort Qu’Appelle Saskatchewan, S Canada 50°50´N 103°52´W

8

Fort-Repoux see Akjoujt K10 Fort Resolution var. Resolution. Northwest Territories, W Canada 61°10´N 113°39´W

33 T13 Fortress Mountain l Wyoming, C USA

8

H13

11 N12

26 L11 Fort Cobb Reservoir var. Fort Cobb Lake. d Oklahoma, C USA 37 T3 Fort Collins Colorado, C USA 40°35´N 105°05´W 14 K12 Fort-Coulonge Québec, SE Canada 45°50´N 76°45´W Fort-Crampel see Kaga Bandoro Fort-Dauphin see Tôlaaro 24 K10 Fort Davis Texas, SW USA

11 Q14

37 O10 Fort Defiance Arizona, SW USA 35°44´N 109°04´W 45 Q12 Fort-de-France prev. Fort-Royal. q (Martinique) W Martinique 14°36´N 61°05´W 45 P12 Fort-de-France, Baie de bay W Martinique Fort de Kock see Bukittinggi 23 P6 Fort Deposit Alabama, S USA 31°58´N 86°34´W 29 U13 Fort Dodge Iowa, C USA

8

30°35´N 103°54´W

42°30´N 94°10´W

13 S10 Forteau Québec, E Canada 51°30´N 56°55´W

106 E11 Forte dei Marmi Toscana, C Italy 43°59´N 10°10´E 14 H17 Fort Erie Ontario, S Canada 42°55´N 78°56´W

180 H7 Fortescue River j Western Australia 19 S2 Fort Fairfield Maine, NE USA 46°45´N 67°51´W Fort-Foureau see Kousséri 12 A11 Fort Frances Ontario, S Canada 48°37´N 93°23´W Fort Franklin see Délįne 23 R7 Fort Gaines Georgia, SE USA 31°36´N 85°03´W Fort Garland Colorado, C USA 37°22´N 105°24´W 21 P5 Fort Gay West Virginia, NE USA 38°06´N 82°35´W Fort George see Chisasibi Fort George see La Grande Rivière 27 Q10 Fort Gibson Oklahoma, C USA 35°48´N 95°15´W

37 T8

27 Q9 Fort Gibson Lake d Oklahoma, C USA 8 H7 Fort Good Hope var. Rádeyilikóé. Northwest Territories, NW Canada 23 V4 96 I11 24 H8 96 K12 14 L14

66°16´N 128°37´W

Fort Gordon Georgia, SE USA 33°25´N 82°09´W Fort Gouraud see Fdérik Forth j C Scotland, United Kingdom Fort Hall see Murang’a Fort Hancock Texas, SW USA 31°18´N 105°49´W Fort Hertz see Putao Forth, Firth of estuary E Scotland, United Kingdom Forthton Ontario, SE Canada 44°43´N 75°31´W

14 M8 Fortier j Québec, SE Canada Fortín General Eugenio Garay see General Eugenio A. Garay Fort Jameson see Chipata Fort Johnston see Mangochi 19 R1 Fort Kent Maine, NE USA 47°15´N 68°33´W

Fort-Lamy see N'Djaména 23 Z15 Fort Lauderdale Florida, SE USA 26°07´N 80°09´W 21 R11 Fort Lawn South Carolina, SE USA 34°43´N 80°46´W 8 H10 Fort Liard var. Liard. Northwest Territories, W Canada 60°14´N 123°28´W 44 M8 Fort-Liberté NE Haiti 19°42´N 71°51´W

32°45´N 96°28´W

Fornovo di Taro Emilia-Romagna, C Italy

56 L13 Fortaleza Pando, N Bolivia

21 N9 Fort Loudoun Lake d Tennessee, S USA 37 T3 Fort Lupton Colorado, C USA 40°04´N 104°48´W 11 R12 Fort MacKay Alberta, C Canada 57°12´N 111°41´W 11 Q17 Fort Macleod var. MacLeod. Alberta, SW Canada 49°44´N 113°24´W

29 Y16 Fort Madison Iowa, C USA 40°37´N 91°15´W

Fort Manning see Mchinji Fort McKavett Texas, SW USA 30°50´N 100°07´W 11 R12 Fort McMurray Alberta, C Canada 56°44´N 111°23´W 8 G7 Fort McPherson var. McPherson. Northwest Territories, NW Canada 25 P9

67°29´N 134°50´W

21 R11 Fort Mill South Carolina, SE USA 35°00´N 80°57´W Fort-Millot see Ngouri 37 U3 Fort Morgan Colorado, C USA 40°14´N 103°48´W 23 W14 Fort Myers Florida, SE USA 26°39´N 81°52´W

23 W15 Fort Myers Beach Florida, SE USA 26°27´N 81°57´W 10 M10 Fort Nelson British Columbia, W Canada 58°48´N 122°44´W

10 M10 Fort Nelson j British Columbia, W Canada Fort Norman see Tulita 23 Q2 Fort Payne Alabama, S USA 34°23´N 85°43´W

33 W7 Fort Peck Montana, NW USA 33 V8

Volcano River

48°00´N 106°28´W

Fort Peck Lake d Montana, NW USA

Lake Reservoir

27 R6 12 E6 31 R12

44°20´N 109°51´W Fort Rosebery see Mansa Fort Rousset see Owando Fort-Royal see Fort-de-France Fort Rupert see Waskaganish Fort St. James British Columbia, SW Canada 54°26´N 124°15´W Fort St. John British Columbia, W Canada 56°16´N 120°52´W Fort Sandeman see Zhob Fort Saskatchewan Alberta, SW Canada 53°42´N 113°12´W Fort Scott Kansas, C USA 37°52´N 94°43´W Fort Severn Ontario, C Canada 56°N 87°40´W Fort Shawnee Ohio, N USA 40°41´N 84°08´W

144 E14 Fort-Shevchenko Mangistau, W Kazakhstan 44°29´N 50°16´E

8

Fort-Sibut see Sibut I10 Fort Simpson var. Simpson. Northwest Territories, W Canada 61°52´N 121°23´W I10 Fort Smith Northwest Territories, W Canada 60°01´N 111°55´W

27 R10 Fort Smith Arkansas, C USA 35°23´N 94°24´W

37 T13 Fort Stanton New Mexico, SW USA 33°28´N 105°31´W 24 L9 Fort Stockton Texas, SW USA 30°54´N 102°54´W 37 U12 Fort Sumner New Mexico, SW USA 34°28´N 104°15´W 26 K8 Fort Supply Oklahoma, C USA 36°34´N 99°34´W 26 K8 Fort Supply Lake d Oklahoma, C USA 29 O10 Fort Thompson South Dakota, N USA 44°01´N 99°22´W

Fort-Trinquet see Bîr Mogreïn 105 R12 Fortuna Murcia, SE Spain 38°11´N 01°07´W

34 K3

Fortuna California, W USA

28 J2

Fortuna North Dakota, N USA 48°53´N 103°46´W Fort Valley Georgia, SE USA

23 T5

40°35´N 124°07´W

32°33´N 83°53´W

11 P11 Fort Vermilion Alberta, W Canada 58°22´N 115°59´W Fort Victoria see Masvingo 31 P13 Fortville Indiana, N USA 39°55´N 85°51´W

Fort Walton Beach Florida, SE USA 30°24´N 86°37´W 31 P12 Fort Wayne Indiana, N USA 23 P9

41°08´N 85°08´W

96 H10 Fort William N Scotland, United Kingdom

56°49´N 05°07´W Fort Worth Texas, SW USA 32°44´N 97°19´W 28 M7 Fort Yates North Dakota, N USA 46°05´N 100°37´W 39 S7 Fort Yukon Alaska, USA 66°35´N 145°05´W Forum Alieni see Ferrara Forum Julii see Fréjus Forum Livii see Forlì

25 T6

143 Q15 Forūr-e Bozorg, Jazīreh-ye island S Iran 94 H7 Fosen physical region S Norway 161 N14 Foshan var. Fatshan, Foshan, Namhoi. Guangdong, S China 23°03´N 113°08´E Fo-shan see Foshan 194 J6 Fossil Bluff UK research station Antarctica71°30´S 68°30´W Fossa Claudia see Chioggia 106 B9 Fossano Piemonte, NW Italy 44°33´N 07°43´E

99 H21 Fosses-la-Ville Namur, S Belgium 50°24´N 04°42´E 32 J12 Fossil Oregon, NW USA 45°01´N 120°14´W

Foss Lake see Foss Reservoir 106 I11 Fossombrone Marche, C Italy 43°42´N 12°48´E 26 K10 Foss Reservoir var. Foss Lake. d Oklahoma, C USA 29 S4 Fosston Minnesota, N USA 47°34´N 95°45´W

183 O13 Foster Victoria, SE Australia 38°40´S 146°15´E

11 T12 Foster Lakes c Saskatchewan, C Canada 31 S12 Fostoria Ohio, N USA 41°09´N 83°25´W

79 D19 Fougamou Ngounié, C Gabon 01°16´S 10°30´E 102 J6 Fougères Ille-et-Vilaine, NW France 48°21´N 01°12´W Fou-hsin see Fuxin 27 S14 Fouke Arkansas, C USA 33°15´N 93°53´W

Foula island NE Scotland, United Kingdom 65 D24 Foul Bay bay East Falkland, Falkland Islands 97 P21 Foulness Island island SE England, United Kingdom 185 F15 Foulwind, Cape headland South Island, New Zealand 96 K2

41°45´S 171°28´E

79 E15 Foumban Ouest, NW Cameroon 05°43´N 10°50´E 172 H13 Foumbouni Grande Comore, NW Comoros 11°49´S 43°30´E 195 N8 Foundation Ice Stream glacier Antarctica 37 T6 Fountain Colorado, C USA 38°40´N 104°42´W Fountain Green Utah, W USA 39°37´N 111°37´W 21 P11 Fountain Inn South Carolina, SE USA 34°41´N 82°12´W 27 S11 Fourche LaFave River j Arkansas, C USA 33 Z13 Four Corners Wyoming, C USA 44°04´N 104°08´W

36 L4

Fourmies – Gäddede 103 Q2 Fourmies Nord, N France 50°01´N 04°03´E

38 J17 Four Mountains, Islands of island group Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA 173 P17 Fournaise, Piton de la i SE Réunion 21°14´S 55°43´E 14 J8 Fournière, Lac c Québec, SE Canada 115 L20 Foúrnoi island Dodekánisa, Greece, Aegean Sea 64 K13 Four North Fracture Zone tectonic feature W Atlantic Ocean Fouron-Saint-Martin see Sint-Martens-Voeren 30 L3 Fourteen Mile Point headland Michigan, N USA 76 185 35 37 31 182 25 142 65 65 14 11 64 64 95 9 185 38 30 9 35 65 30 30 184 11 11 97 194 104

46°59´N 89°07´W Fou-shan see Fushun I13 Fouta Djallon var. Futa Jallon. m W Guinea C25 Foveaux Strait strait S New Zealand Q11 Fowler California, W USA 36°35´N 119°40´W U6 Fowler Colorado, C USA 38°07´N 104°01´W N12 Fowler Indiana, N USA 40°36´N 87°20´W D7 Fowlers Bay bay South Australia R13 Fowlerton Texas, SW USA 28°27´N 98°48´W M3 Fowman var. Fuman, Fumen. Gīlān, NW Iran 37°15´N 49°19´E C25 Fox Bay East West Falkland, Falkland Islands C25 Fox Bay West West Falkland, Falkland Islands J14 Foxboro Ontario, SE Canada 44°16´N 77°23´W O14 Fox Creek Alberta, W Canada 54°25´N 116°57´W G5 Foxe Basin sea Nunavut, N Canada G5 Foxe Channel channel Nunavut, N Canada I16 Foxen c C Sweden Q7 Foxe Peninsula peninsula Baffin Island, Nunavut, NE Canada E19 Fox Glacier West Coast, South Island, New Zealand 43°28´S 170°00´E L17 Fox Islands island Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA M10 Fox Lake Illinois, N USA 42°24´N 88°10´W V12 Fox Mine Manitoba, C Canada 56°36´N 101°48´W R3 Fox Mountain l Nevada, W USA 41°01´N 119°30´W E25 Fox Point headland East Falkland, Falkland Islands 51°55´S 58°24´W M11 Fox River j Illinois/ Wisconsin, N USA L7 Fox River j Wisconsin, N USA L13 Foxton ManawatuWanganui, North Island, New Zealand 40°27´S 175°18´E S16 Fox Valley Saskatchewan, S Canada 50°29´N 109°29´W W16 Foxwarren Manitoba, S Canada 50°30´N 101°09´W E14 Foyle, Lough Ir. Loch Feabhail. inlet N Ireland H5 Foyn Coast physical region Antarctica I2 Foz Galicia, NW Spain 43°33´N 07°16´W

60 I12 Foz do Areia, Represa de d S Brazil 59 A16 Foz do Breu Acre, W Brazil 09°21´S 72°41´W

83 A16 Foz do Cunene Namibe, SW Angola 17°11´S 11°52´E 60 G12 Foz do Iguaçu Paraná, S Brazil 25°33´S 54°31´W 58 C12 Foz do Mamoriá Amazonas, NW Brazil 02°28´S 66°06´W 105 T6 Fraga Aragón, NE Spain 41°32´N 00°21´E

44 F5 Fragoso, Cayo island C Cuba 61 G18 Fraile Muerto Cerro Largo, NE Uruguay 32°30´S 54°30´W 99 H21 Fraire Namur, S Belgium 50°16´N 04°30´E

99 L21 Fraiture, Baraque de hill SE Belgium Frakštát see Hlohovec Fram Basin see Amundsen Basin 99 F20 Frameries Hainaut, S Belgium 50°25´N 03°41´E 19 O11 Framingham Massachusetts, NE USA 42°15´N 71°24´W 60 L7 Franca São Paulo, S Brazil 20°33´S 47°27´W

187 O15 Français, Récif des reef W New Caledonia 107 K14 Francavilla al Mare Abruzzo, C Italy 42°25´N 14°16´E

107 P18 Francavilla Fontana Puglia, SE Italy 40°32´N 17°35´E 102 M8 France off. French Republic, It./Sp. Francia; prev. Gaul, Gaule, Lat. Gallia. b republic W Europe 45 O8 Francés Viejo, Cabo headland NE Dominican Republic 19°39´N 69°57´W 79 F19 Franceville var. Massoukou, Masuku. Haut-Ogooué, E Gabon 01°40´S 13°31´E 79 F19 Franceville k Haut-Ogooué, E Gabon 01°38´S 13°24´E Francfort see Frankfurt am Main 103 T8 Franche-Comté r region E France Francia see France 29 O11 Francis Case, Lake d South Dakota, N USA 60 H12 Francisco Beltrão Paraná, S Brazil 26°05´S 53°04´W Francisco l. Madero see Villa Madero 61 A21 Francisco Madero Buenos Aires, E Argentina 35°52´S 62°03´W

42 H6 Francisco Morazán prev. Tegucigalpa. r department C Honduras 83 J18 Francistown North East, NE Botswana 21°08´S 27°31´E Franconian Forest see Frankenwald Franconian Jura see Fränkische Alb 98 K6 Franeker Fris. Frentsjer. Fryslân, N Netherlands 53°11´N 05°33´E Frankenalb see Fränkische Alb 101 H16 Frankenberg Hessen, C Germany 51°04´N 08°49´E

101 J20 Frankenhöhe hill range C Germany 31 R8 Frankenmuth Michigan, N USA 43°19´N 83°44´W 101 F20 Frankenstein hill W Germany Frankenstein/Frankenstein in Schlesien see Ząbkowice Śląskie 101 G20 Frankenthal RheinlandPfalz, W Germany

29 S6

101 L18 Frankenwald Eng. Franconian Forest. m C Germany 44 J12 Frankfield C Jamaica

29 P7

49°32´N 08°22´E

39 X13 27 X6

29 O17 21 N10 18 C13 20 J9 25 U9 21 X7 21 T4 30 M9 8

I6

32 K7 35 W4 185 B22 39 R5 39 N4 183 O17 22 K8 21 U9

25 V7 33 U12 15 U5 15 U5 83 C18 93 H17 122 J3 185 E18

101 L23 107 A19

107 I15 11 N14 83 G24 96 L8 181 Z9 10 L14 10 L15 184 P10 99 E19 108 I7 14 B8

108 H6 109 Z5 61 D19 61 F19

45°42´N 92°30´W Fredericia Syddanmark, C Denmark 55°34´N 09°47´E Frederick Maryland, NE USA 39°25´N 77°25´W Frederick Oklahoma, C USA 34°24´N 99°03´W Frederick South Dakota, N USA 45°49´N 98°31´W Fredericksburg Iowa, C USA 42°58´N 92°12´W Fredericksburg Texas, SW USA 30°17´N 98°52´W Fredericksburg Virginia, NE USA 38°16´N 77°27´W Frederick Sound sound Alaska, USA Fredericktown Missouri, C USA 37°33´N 90°19´W 27°22´S 53°20´W

13 O15 Fredericton province capital New Brunswick, SE Canada 45°57´N 66°40´W

33°15´N 85°06´W Franklin Indiana, N USA 39°29´N 86°02´W Franklin Kentucky, S USA 36°42´N 86°35´W Franklin Louisiana, S USA 29°48´N 91°30´W Franklin Nebraska, C USA 40°06´N 98°57´W Franklin North Carolina, SE USA 35°12´N 83°23´W Franklin Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°24´N 79°49´W Franklin Tennessee, S USA 35°55´N 86°52´W Franklin Texas, SW USA 31°02´N 96°30´W Franklin Virginia, NE USA 36°41´N 76°58´W Franklin West Virginia, NE USA 38°39´N 79°21´W Franklin Wisconsin, N USA 42°53´N 88°00´W Franklin Bay inlet Northwest Territories, N Canada

Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake d Washington, NW USA Franklin Lake c Nevada, W USA Franklin Mountains m South Island, New Zealand Franklin Mountains m Alaska, USA Franklin, Point headland Alaska, USA 70°54´N 158°48´W Franklin River j Tasmania, SE Australia Franklinton Louisiana, S USA 30°51´N 90°09´W Franklinton North Carolina, SE USA 36°06´N 78°27´W Frankstadt see Frenštát pod Radhoštĕm Frankston Texas, SW USA 32°03´N 95°30´W Frannie Wyoming, C USA 44°57´N 108°37´W Franquelin Québec, SE Canada 49°17´N 67°52´W Franquelin j Québec, SE Canada Fransfontein Kunene, NW Namibia 20°12´S 15°01´E Fränsta Västernorrland, C Sweden 62°30´N 16°06´E Frantsa-Iosifa, Zemlya Eng. Franz Josef Land. island group N Russian Federation Franz Josef Glacier West Coast, South Island, New Zealand 43°22´S 170°11´E Franz Josef Land see Frantsa-Iosifa, Zemlya Franz-Josef Spitze see Gerlachovský štít Franz Josef Strauss abbrev. F.J.S.. k (München) Bayern, SE Germany 48°07´N 11°43´E Frasca, Capo della headland Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 39°46´N 08°27´E Frascati Lazio, C Italy 41°48´N 12°41´E Fraser j British Columbia, SW Canada Fraserburg Western Cape, SW South Africa 31°55´S 21°31´E Fraserburgh NE Scotland, United Kingdom 57°42´N 02°20´W Fraser Island var. Great Sandy Island. island Queensland, E Australia Fraser Lake British Columbia, SW Canada 54°00´N 124°45´W Fraser Plateau plateau British Columbia, SW Canada Frasertown Hawke’s Bay, North Island, New Zealand 38°58´S 177°25´E Frasnes-lez-Buissenal Hainaut, SW Belgium 50°40´N 03°37´E Frastanz Vorarlberg, NW Austria 47°13´N 09°38´E Frater Ontario, S Canada 47°19´N 84°28´W Frauenbach see Baia Mare Frauenburg see Saldus, Latvia Frauenburg see Frombork, Poland Frauenfeld Thurgau, NE Switzerland 47°34´N 08°54´E Frauenkirchen Burgenland, E Austria 47°50´N 16°57´E Fray Bentos Río Negro, W Uruguay 33°09´S 58°14´W Fray Marcos Florida, S Uruguay 34°13´S 55°43´W

Country Country Capital

46°42´N 95°40´W

60 H13 Frederico Westphalen Rio Grande do Sul, S Brazil

101 L21 Fränkische Alb var. Frankenalb, Eng. Franconian Jura. m S Germany 101 I18 Fränkische Saale j C Germany 101 L19 Fränkische Schweiz hill range C Germany 23 R4 Franklin Georgia, SE USA

22 I9

26 L12

21 W5

52°20´N 14°32´E

20 J7

21 W3

25 R10

100 Q12 Frankfurt an der Oder Brandenburg, E Germany

31 P14

95 G23

29 X12

18°08´N 77°22´W 14 J14 Frankford Ontario, SE Canada 44°12´N 77°36´W 31 O13 Frankfort Indiana, N USA 40°16´N 86°30´W 27 O3 Frankfort Kansas, C USA 39°42´N 96°25´W 20 L5 Frankfort state capital Kentucky, S USA 38°12´N 84°52´W Frankfort on the Main see Frankfurt am Main Frankfurt see Frankfurt am Main, Germany Frankfurt see Słubice, Poland 101 G18 Frankfurt am Main var. Frankfurt, Fr. Francfort; prev. Eng. Frankfort on the Main. Hessen, SW Germany 50°07´N 08°41´E

Frazee Minnesota, N USA

104 M5 Frechilla Castilla y León, N Spain 42°08´N 04°50´W 30 I4 Frederic Wisconsin, N USA

Frederiksborgs Amt see Hovedstaden Frederikshåb see Paamiut 95 H19 Frederikshavn prev. Fladstrand. Nordjylland, N Denmark 57°28´N 10°33´E 95 J22 Frederikssund Hovedstaden, E Denmark 55°51´N 12°05´E 45 T9 Frederiksted Saint Croix, S Virgin Islands (US) 17°41´N 64°51´W

95 I22 Frederiksværk var. Frederiksværk og Hanehoved. Hovedstaden, E Denmark 55°58´N 12°02´E

54 E9 36 27 18 35 93 95

95 30 18 18 182 35 11 29 44 30 25 44 25 83

76 172

Frederiksværk og Hanehoved see Frederiksværk Fredonia Antioquia, W Colombia

05°57´N 75°42´W K8 Fredonia Arizona, SW USA 36°57´N 112°31´W P7 Fredonia Kansas, C USA 37°32´N 95°50´W C11 Fredonia New York, NE USA 42°26´N 79°19´W P4 Fredonyer Pass pass California, W USA I15 Fredrika Västerbotten, N Sweden 64°03´N 18°25´E L14 Fredriksberg Dalarna, C Sweden 60°07´N 14°23´E Fredrikshald see Halden Fredrikshamn see Hamina H16 Fredrikstad Østfold, S Norway 59°12´N 10°57´E K16 Freeburg Illinois, N USA 38°25´N 89°54´W K15 Freehold New Jersey, NE USA 40°14´N 74°14´W H14 Freeland Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°01´N 75°54´W J5 Freeling Heights l South Australia 30°09´S 139°24´E Q7 Freel Peak l California, W USA 38°52´N 119°52´W Z9 Freels, Cape headland Newfoundland and Labrador, E Canada 49°16´N 53°30´W Q11 Freeman South Dakota, N USA 43°21´N 97°26´W G1 Freeport Grand Bahama Island, N The Bahamas 26°28´N 78°43´W L10 Freeport Illinois, N USA 42°18´N 89°37´W W12 Freeport Texas, SW USA 28°57´N 95°21´W G1 Freeport k Grand Bahama Island, N The Bahamas 26°31´N 78°48´W R14 Freer Texas, SW USA 27°52´N 98°37´W I22 Free State off. Free State Province; prev. Orange Free State, Afr. Oranje Vrystaat. r province C South Africa Free State see Maryland Free State Province see Free State G15 Freetown a (Sierra Leone) W Sierra Leone 08°27´N 13°16´W J16 Frégate island Inner Islands, NE Seychelles

36 M6 Fremont River j Utah, W USA 21 O9 French Broad River j Tennessee, S USA 21 N5 Frenchburg Kentucky, S USA 37°58´N 83°37´W 18 C12 French Creek j Pennsylvania, NE USA 32 K15 Frenchglen Oregon, NW USA 42°49´N 118°55´W 55 Y10 French Guiana var. Guiana, Guyane. p French overseas department N South America French Guinea see Guinea 31 O15 French Lick Indiana, N USA 38°33´N 86°37´W

185 J14 French Pass Marlborough, South Island, New Zealand 40°57´S 173°49´E

191 T11 French Polynesia p French overseas territory S Pacific Ocean French Republic see France 14 F11 French River j Ontario, S Canada French Somaliland see Djibouti 173 P12 French Southern and Antarctic Lands prev. French Southern and Antarctic Territories, Fr. Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises. r French overseas territory S Indian Ocean French Southern and Antarctic Territories see French Southern and Antarctic Lands French Sudan see Mali French Territory of the Afars and Issas see Djibouti French Togoland see Togo 74 J6 Frenda NW Algeria 35°04´N 01°03´E

111 I18 Frenštát pod Radhoštĕm Ger. Frankstadt. Moravskoslezský Kraj, E Czech Republic

49°33´N 18°10´E Frentsjer see Franeker 76 M17 Fresco S Ivory Coast 05°03´N 05°31´W 195 U16 Freshfield, Cape headland Antarctica 40 L10 Fresnillo var. Fresnillo de González Echeverría. Zacatecas, C Mexico 23°11´N 102°53´W

Fresnillo de González Echeverría see Fresnillo 35 Q10 Fresno California, W USA

36°45´N 119°48´W Freu, Cabo del see Freu, Cap des 105 Y9 Freu, Cap des var. Cabo del Freu. cape Mallorca, Spain, W Mediterranean Sea 101 G22 Freudenstadt BadenWürttemberg, SW Germany 48°28´N 08°25´E Freudenthal see Bruntál

38°10´N 06°39´W Fregon South Australia 26°44´S 132°03´E 102 H5 Fréhel, Cap headland NW France 48°41´N 02°21´W 94 F8 Frei Møre og Romsdal, S Norway 63°02´N 07°47´E 101 O16 Freiberg Sachsen, E Germany 50°55´N 13°21´E

101 O16 Freiberger Mulde j E Germany Freiburg see Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany Freiburg see Fribourg, Switzerland 101 F23 Freiburg im Breisgau var. Freiburg, Fr. Fribourg-enBrisgau. Baden-Württemberg, SW Germany 48°N 07°52´E Freiburg in Schlesien see Świebodzice Freie Hansestadt Bremen see Bremen Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg see Brandenburg 101 L22 Freising Bayern, SE Germany 48°24´N 11°45´E Freistadt Oberösterreich, N Austria 48°31´N 14°31´E Freistadtl see Hlohovec 101 O16 Freital Sachsen, E Germany 51°00´N 13°40´E Freiwaldau see Jeseník

103 180 35 31 29 31 29 31 33

Freixo de Espada à Cinta Bragança, N Portugal

41°05´N 06°49´W U15 Fréjus anc. Forum Julii. Var, SE France 43°26´N 06°44´E I13 Fremantle Western Australia 32°07´S 115°44´E N9 Fremont California, W USA 37°34´N 122°01´W Q11 Fremont Indiana, N USA 41°43´N 84°54´W W15 Fremont Iowa, C USA 41°12´N 92°26´W P8 Fremont Michigan, N USA 43°28´N 85°56´W R15 Fremont Nebraska, C USA 41°25´N 96°30´W S11 Fremont Ohio, N USA 41°21´N 83°08´W T14 Fremont Peak l Wyoming, C USA 43°07´N 109°37´W

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

127 O9 110 K7 97 L22 182 I4 182 J6 182 J5 104 H10 40 M7 41 40 103 54 21 107 107 25 21 23

95 94 37 28 23 147

117 108 111

98

83 A17

190

35 Q10 62 K8 108 D9 108 C9

32 G7

101 K23 101 H18

101 I24

29 Q16 55 V9 30 L7 109 T8

101 F22

60 Q10 24 M3 42 L12 25 R13 99 M25

109 T3

104 J6

99 G22

183 Q17 Freycinet Peninsula peninsula Tasmania, SE Australia 76 H14 Fria W Guinea

104 J12 Fregenal de la Sierra Extremadura, W Spain 182 C2

109 V7

36 J6 84 F9

10°27´N 13°38´W Fria, Cape headland NW Namibia 18°32´S 12°00´E Friant California, W USA 36°56´N 119°44´W Frías Catamarca, N Argentina 28°41´S 65°00´W Fribourg Ger. Freiburg. Fribourg, W Switzerland 46°50´N 07°10´E Fribourg Ger. Freiburg. r canton W Switzerland Fribourg-en-Brisgau see Freiburg im Breisgau Friday Harbor San Juan Islands, Washington, NW USA 48°31´N 123°01´W Friedau see Ormož Friedberg Bayern, S Germany 48°21´N 10°58´E Friedberg Hessen, W Germany 50°19´N 08°46´E Friedeberg Neumark see Strzelce Krajeńskie Friedek-Mistek see Frýdek-Místek Friedland see Pravdinsk Friedrichshafen BadenWürttemberg, S Germany 47°39´N 09°29´E Friedrichstadt see Jaunjelgava Friend Nebraska, C USA 40°37´N 97°16´W Friendly Islands see Tonga Friendship Coronie, N Suriname 05°50´N 56°16´W Friendship Wisconsin, N USA 43°58´N 89°48´W Friesach Kärnten, S Austria 46°58´N 14°24´E Friesche Eilanden see Frisian Islands Friesenheim BadenWürttemberg, SW Germany 48°27´N 07°56´E Friesische Inseln see Frisian Islands Friesland see Fryslân Frio, Cabo headland SE Brazil 23°01´S 41°59´W Friona Texas, SW USA 34°38´N 102°43´W Frío, Río j N Costa Rica Frio River j Texas, SW USA Frisange Luxembourg, S Luxembourg 49°31´N 06°12´E Frisches Haff see Vistula Lagoon Frisco Peak l Utah, W USA 38°31´N 113°17´W Frisian Islands Dut. Friesche Eilanden, Ger. Friesische Inseln. island group N Europe

193

190 190 190 151

161

164 160 161 165 161 81 104

26°55´N 101°27´W U14 Frontera Tabasco, SE Mexico 18°32´N 92°39´W G3 Fronteras Sonora, NW Mexico 30°51´N 109°33´W Q16 Frontignan Hérault, S France 43°27´N 03°45´E D8 Frontino Antioquia, NW Colombia 06°46´N 76°10´W V4 Front Royal Virginia, NE USA 38°56´N 78°13´W J16 Frosinone anc. Frusino. Lazio, C Italy 41°38´N 13°22´E K16 Frosolone Molise, C Italy 41°34´N 14°25´E U7 Frost Texas, SW USA 32°04´N 96°48´W U2 Frostburg Maryland, NE USA 39°39´N 78°55´W X13 Frostproof Florida, SE USA 27°45´N 81°31´W Frostviken see Kvarnbergsvattnet M15 Frövi Örebro, C Sweden 59°28´N 15°24´E F7 Frøya island W Norway P5 Fruita Colorado, C USA 39°10´N 108°42´W J9 Fruitdale South Dakota, N USA 44°39´N 103°38´W W11 Fruitland Park Florida, SE USA 28°51´N 81°54´W Frumentum see Formentera S11 Frunze Batkenskaya Oblast’, SW Kyrgyzstan 40°07´N 71°40´E Frunze see Bishkek O9 Frunzivka Odes’ka Oblast’, SW Ukraine 47°19´N 29°46´E Frusino see Frosinone E9 Frutigen Bern, W Switzerland 46°35´N 07°38´E I17 Frýdek-Místek Ger. Friedek-Mistek. Moravskoslezský Kraj, E Czech Republic 49°40´N 18°22´E K6 Fryslân prev. Friesland. r province N Netherlands V16 Fua‘amotu Tongatapu, S Tonga 21°15´S 175°08´W A9 Fuafatu island Funafuti Atoll, C Tuvalu A9 Fuagea island Funafuti Atoll, C Tuvalu B8 Fualifeke atoll C Tuvalu A8 Fualopa island Funafuti Atoll, C Tuvalu K22 Fuammulah var. Fuammulah, Gnaviyani. atoll S Maldives Fuammulah see Fuammulah R11 Fu’an Fujian, SE China 27°11´N 119°42´E Fu-chien see Fujian Fu-chou see Fuzhou G13 Fuchū var. Hutyû. Hiroshima, Honshū, SW Japan 34°35´N 133°12´E M13 Fuchuan var. Fuyang. Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, S China 24°56´N 111°15´E R9 Fuchun Jiang var. Tsien Tang. j SE China R8 Fudai Iwate, Honshū, C Japan 39°59´N 141°50´E S11 Fuding var. Tongshan. Fujian, SE China 27°21´N 120°10´E J20 Fudua spring/well S Kenya 02°13´S 39°43´E M16 Fuengirola Andalucía, S Spain 36°32´N 04°38´W

104 J12 Fuente de Cantos Extremadura, W Spain

40 H8 64 Q11 141 S14 92 M2 95 B18 197 T15

160 E11 81 K16

161 P10

51°09´N 09°16´E

106 H6 Friuli-Venezia Giulia r region NE Italy 196 L13 Frobisher Bay inlet Baffin Island, Nunavut, NE Canada Frobisher Bay see Iqaluit 11 S12 Frobisher Lake c Saskatchewan, C Canada 94 G7 Frohavet sound C Norway

Administrative Regions International Airport

163 Y7

100 J9 101 L14 164 M14 161 Q12 160 I9

21°02´S 57°51´W Fuerte, Río j C Mexico Fuerteventura island Islas Canarias, Spain, NE Atlantic Ocean Fughmah var. Faghman, Fugma. C Yemen 16°08´N 49°23´E Fuglehuken headland W Svalbard 78°54´N 10°30´E Fuglø see Fugloy Fugloy Dan. Fuglø. island NE Faroe Islands Fugløya Bank undersea feature E Norwegian Sea 71°00´N 19°20´E Fugma see Fughmah Fugong Yunnan, SW China 27°00´N 98°48´E Fugugo spring/well NE Kenya 03°19´N 39°39´E Fuhai var. Burultokay. Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 47°15´N 87°39´E Fu He j S China Fuhkien see Fujian Fuhlsbüttel k (Hamburg) Hamburg, N Germany 53°37´N 09°57´E Fuhne j C Germany Fu-hsin see Fuxin Fujairah see Al Fujayrah Fuji var. Huzi. Shizuoka, Honshū, S Japan 35°08´N 138°39´E Fujian var. Fu-chien, Fuhkien, Fukien, Min, Fujian Sheng. r province SE China Fu Jiang j C China Fujian Sheng see Fujian

Mountain Mountain Range

Volcano River

Fuji, Mount/Fujiyama see Fuji-san Fujin Heilongjiang, NE China

47°12´N 132°01´E

100 P12 Fürstenwalde Brandenburg, NE Germany 52°22´N 14°04´E 101 K20 Fürth Bayern, S Germany 49°29´N 10°59´E

109 W3 Furth bei Göttweig Niederösterreich, NW Austria

164 M13 Fujinomiya var. Huzinomiya. Shizuoka, Honshū, S Japan

165 R3

164 N13 Fuji-san var. Fujiyama, Eng. Mount Fuji. l Honshū, SE Japan 35°23´N 138°44´E 165 N14 Fujisawa var. Huzisawa. Kanagawa, Honshū, S Japan

164 L12

165

54 F10

35°16´N 138°33´E

158 165 193 164

164 164 164

164 164

165 165

164 76

35°22´N 139°29´E T3 Fukagawa var. Hukagawa. Hokkaidō, NE Japan 43°44´N 142°03´E L5 Fukang Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, W China 44°07´N 87°55´E P7 Fukaura Aomori, Honshū, C Japan 40°38´N 139°55´E W15 Fukave island Tongatapu Group, S Tonga Fukien see Fujian J13 Fukuchiyama var. Hukutiyama. Kyōto, Honshū, SW Japan 35°19´N 135°08´E Fukue see Gotō A13 Fukue-jima island Gotōrettō, SW Japan K12 Fukui var. Hukui. Fukui, Honshū, SW Japan 36°03´N 136°12´E K12 Fukui off. Fukui-ken, var. Hukui. r prefecture Honshū, SW Japan Fukui-ken see Fukui D13 Fukuoka var. Hukuoka, hist. Najima. Fukuoka, Kyūshū, SW Japan 33°36´N 130°24´E D13 Fukuoka off. Fukuoka-ken, var. Hukuoka. r prefecture Kyūshū, SW Japan Fukuoka-ken see Fukuoka Q6 Fukushima Hokkaidō, NE Japan 41°27´N 140°14´E Q12 Fukushima off. Fukushimaken, var. Hukusima. r prefecture Honshū, C Japan Fukushima-ken see Fukushima G13 Fukuyama var. Hukuyama. Hiroshima, Honshū, SW Japan 34°29´N 133°21´E G13 Fulacunda C Guinea-Bissau 11°44´N 15°03´W

129 P8

Fūlādī, Kūh-e l E Afghanistan

94 L12

165 Q10

29 S10 101 I16

160 K10 35 T15 29 P15 108 M8 20 G8 23 N2 27 V4 18 H9 103 R3 102 M13 190 B10 190 C9 190 C9 190 C9 190 B9 93 F17 64 O6 64 P5

13 O16 54 C13 83 M19 161 R6 160 I14 160 M7 77 U13 161 R12 83 M14 116 I15 165 W4

59 L20 183 Q14 160 J10 138 I5 100 F12 109 X8 101 L23

50°33´N 09°41´E Fulda Minnesota, N USA 43°52´N 95°36´W Fulda j C Germany Fülek see Fil’akovo Fuli see Jixian Fulin see Hanyuan Fuling Chongqing Shi, C China 29°45´N 107°23´E Fullerton California, SE USA 33°53´N 117°55´W Fullerton Nebraska, C USA 41°21´N 97°58´W Fulpmes Tirol, W Austria 47°11´N 11°22´E Fulton Kentucky, S USA 36°31´N 88°52´W Fulton Mississippi, S USA 34°16´N 88°24´W Fulton Missouri, C USA 38°50´N 91°57´W Fulton New York, NE USA 43°18´N 76°22´W Fuman/Fumen see Fowman Fumay Ardennes, N France 49°58´N 04°42´E Fumel Lot-et-Garonne, SW France 44°31´N 00°58´E Funafara atoll C Tuvalu Funafuti k Funafuti Atoll, C Tuvalu 08°30´S 179°12´E Funafuti see Vaiaku Funafuti Atoll a (Tuvalu) C Tuvalu 08°31´N 179°11´E Funafuti Atoll atoll C Tuvalu Funan see Fusui Funangongo atoll C Tuvalu Funäsdalen Jämtland, C Sweden 62°33´N 12°33´E Funchal Madeira, Portugal, NE Atlantic Ocean 32°40´N 16°55´W Funchal k Madeira, Portugal, NE Atlantic Ocean 32°38´N 16°53´W Fundación Magdalena, N Colombia 10°31´N 74°09´W Fundão var. Fundáo. Castelo Branco, C Portugal 40°08´N 07°30´W Fundáo see Fundão Fundy, Bay of bay Canada/ USA Fünen see Fyn Fúnes Nariño, SW Colombia 0°59´N 77°27´W Fünfkirchen see Pécs Funhalouro Inhambane, S Mozambique 23°04´S 34°24´E Funing Jiangsu, E China 33°43´N 119°47´E Funing var. Xinhua. Yunnan, SW China 23°39´N 105°41´E Funiu Shan m C China Funtua Katsina, N Nigeria 11°31´N 07°19´E Fuqing Fujian, SE China 25°40´N 119°23´E Furancungo Tete, NW Mozambique 14°51´S 33°39´E Furculeşti Teleorman, S Romania 43°51´N 25°07´E Füred see Balatonfüred Fūren-ko c Hokkaidō, NE Japan Fūrg see Doborjī Furluk see Fârliug

Fūrmanov/Furmanovka see Moyynkum Furmanovo see Zhalpaktal Furnas, Represa de d SE Brazil Furneaux Group island group Tasmania, SE Australia Furnes see Veurne Furong Jiang j S China Furqlus Ḩimş, W Syria 34°40´N 37°02´E Fürstenau Niedersachsen, NW Germany 52°30´N 07°40´E Fürstenfeld Steiermark, SE Austria 47°03´N 16°05´E Fürstenfeldbruck Bayern, S Germany 48°10´N 11°16´E

Lake Reservoir

48°22´N 15°33´E Furubira Hokkaidō, NE Japan 43°14´N 140°38´E Furudal Dalarna, C Sweden 61°10´N 15°07´E Furukawa var. Hida. Gifu, Honshū, SW Japan 36°13´N 137°11´E Furukawa var. Hurukawa, Ōsaki. Miyagi, Honshū, C Japan 38°36´N 140°57´E Fusagasugá Cundinamarca, C Colombia 04°22´N 74°21´W Fusan see Busan

Fushë-Arëzi/Fushë-Arrësi see Fushë-Arrëz 113 L18 Fushë-Arrëz var. FushëArëzi, Fushë-Arrësi. Shkodër, N Albania 42°05´N 20°01´E 113 N16 Fushë Kosovë Serb. Kosovo Polje. C Kosovo 42°40´N 21°07´E

Fushë-Kruja see Fushë-Krujë 113 K19 Fushë-Krujë var. FushëKruja. Durrës, C Albania 41°30´N 19°43´E

163 V12 Fushun var. Fou-shan, Fu-shun. Liaoning, NE China

108 163 101 160

63 112 165 187 190 161 160

34°38´N 67°32´E

187 Z15 Fulaga island Lau Group, E Fiji 101 I17 Fulda Hessen, C Germany

38°31´N 06°26´W

95 J19 Fristad Västra Götaland, S Sweden 57°50´N 13°01´E 25 N2 Fritch Texas, SW USA 35°38´N 101°36´W

34°54´N 138°15´E

104 I8

104 L12 Fuente Obejuna Andalucía, S Spain 38°15´N 05°25´W 104 L6 Fuentesaúco Castilla y León, N Spain 41°14´N 05°30´W 62 O3 Fuerte Olimpo var. Olimpo. Alto Paraguay, NE Paraguay

158 L2

95 J19 Fritsla Västra Götaland, S Sweden 57°33´N 12°47´E 101 H16 Fritzlar Hessen, C Germany

164 M14 Fujieda var. Huzieda. Shizuoka, Honshū, S Japan

54 F5

38°15´N 06°18´W

104 J11 Fuente del Maestre Extremadura, W Spain

18 L12 Frissell, Mount l Connecticut, NE USA 42°01´N 73°25´W

Frohenbruck see Veselí nad Lužnicí Frohnleiten Steiermark, SE Austria 47°17´N 15°20´E Froidchapelle Hainaut, S Belgium 50°10´N 04°18´E Frolovo Volgogradskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 49°46´N 43°38´E Frombork Ger. Frauenburg. Warmińsko-Mazurkskie, NE Poland 54°21´N 19°40´E Frome SW England, United Kingdom 51°15´N 02°22´W Frome Creek seasonal river South Australia Frome Downs South Australia 31°17´S 139°48´E Frome, Lake salt lake South Australia Fronicken see Wronki Fronteira Portalegre, C Portugal 39°03´N 07°39´W Frontera Coahuila, NE Mexico

160 163

161 161 163 163 158 111 161 161 137 119 95 96 95

41°50´N 123°54´E Fu-shun see Fushun Fusin see Fuxin G10 Fusio Ticino, S Switzerland 46°27´N 08°39´E X11 Fusong Jilin, NE China 42°20´N 127°17´E K24 Füssen Bayern, S Germany 47°34´N 10°43´E K15 Fusui var. Xinning; prev. Funan. Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, S China 22°39´N 107°49´E Futa Jallon see Fouta Djallon G18 Futaleufú Los Lagos, S Chile 43°14´S 71°50´W K10 Futog Vojvodina, NW Serbia 45°15´N 19°43´E O14 Futtsu var. Huttu. Chiba, Honshū, S Japan 35°11´N 139°52´E S15 Futuna island S Vanuatu D12 Futuna, Île island S Wallis and Futuna Q11 Futun Xi j SE China L5 Fuxian var. Fu Xian. Shaanxi, C China 36°03´N 109°19´E Fuxian see Wafangdian Fu Xian see Fuxian G13 Fuxian Hu d SW China U12 Fuxin var. Fou-hsin, Fu-hsin, Fusin. Liaoning, NE China 41°59´N 121°40´E Fuxing see Wangmo P7 Fuyang Anhui, E China 32°52´N 115°51´E Fuyang see Fuchuan O4 Fuyang He j E China U7 Fuyu Heilongjiang, NE China 47°48´N 124°26´E Z6 Fuyuan Heilongjiang, NE China 48°20´N 134°22´E Fuyu/Fu-yü see Songyuan M3 Fuyun var. Koktokay. Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 46°58´N 89°30´E L22 Füzesabony Heves, E Hungary 47°46´N 20°25´E R12 Fuzhou var. Foochow, Fuchou. province capital Fujian, SE China 26°09´N 119°17´E P11 Fuzhou prev. Linchuan. Jiangxi, S China 27°58´N 116°20´E W13 Füzuli Rus. Fizuli. SW Azerbaijan 39°33´N 47°09´E I20 Fyadory Rus. Fëdory. Brestskaya Voblasts’, SW Belarus 51°57´N 26°24´E G23 Fyn Ger. Fünen. island C Denmark H12 Fyne, Loch inlet W Scotland, United Kingdom E16 Fyresvatnet c S Norway

FYR Macedonia/FYROM see Macedonia, FYR Fyzabad see Feiẕābād

G Gaafu Alifu Atoll see North Huvadhu Atoll 81 O14 Gaalkacyo var. Galka‘yo, It. Galcaio. Mudug, C Somalia 06°42´N 47°24´E

146 J11 Gabakly Rus. Kabakly. Lebap Welaýaty, NE Turkmenistan 39°45´N 62°30´E

114 H8 Gabare Vratsa, NW Bulgaria 43°20´N 23°57´E

102 K15 Gabas j SW France Gabasumdo see Tongde 35 T7 Gabbs Nevada, W USA 38°51´N 117°55´W

82 B12 Gabela Kwanza Sul, W Angola 10°50´S 14°21´E Gaberones see Gaborone 189 X14 Gabert island Caroline Islands, E Micronesia 74 M7 Gabès var. Qābis. E Tunisia 33°53´N 10°03´E

74 M6 Gabès, Golfe de Ar. Khalīj Qābis. gulf E Tunisia Gablonz an der Neisse see Jablonec nad Nisou Gablös see Cavalese 79 E18 Gabon off. Gabonese Republic. b republic C Africa Gabonese Republic see Gabon 83 I20 Gaborone prev. Gaberones. a (Botswana) South East, SE Botswana 24°42´S 25°50´E 83 I20 Gaborone k South East, SE Botswana 24°45´S 25°49´E 104 K8 Gabriel y Galán, Embalse de d W Spain 143 U15 Gābrīk, Rūd-e j SE Iran 114 J9 Gabrovo Gabrovo, N Bulgaria 42°54´N 25°19´E 114 J9 Gabrovo r province N Bulgaria 76 H12 Gabú prev. Nova Lamego. E Guinea-Bissau 12°16´N 14°09´W

29 O6 Gackle North Dakota, N USA 46°34´N 99°07´W

113 I15 Gacko Repulika Srpska, S Bosnia and Herzegovina 43°08´N 18°29´E

155 F17 Gadag Karnātaka, W India 15°25´N 75°37´E

93 G15 Gäddede Jämtland, C Sweden 64°30´N 14°15´E

251

Gadê – Gedaref 159 S12 Gadê var. Kequ; prev. Pagqên. Qinghai, C China

96 K13 Galashiels SE Scotland, United Kingdom

Gades/Gadier/Gadir/ Gadire see Cádiz 105 P15 Gádor, Sierra de m S Spain 149 S15 Gadra Sind, SE Pakistan

116 M12

23 Q3 Gadsden Alabama, S USA

107 Q19

33°56´N 99°49´E

25°39´N 70°28´E

36 H15 124 J3 79 H15 116 J13 107 J17 107 J17

188 L14 21 Q10

74 M6 126 J3

147 O10 116 M12 101 G21 188 F16

127 O4 107 Q19 94 L13 76 M17 13 N10

137 P8 31 S13 143 R13 57 Q19 153 T13

34°00´N 86°00´W Gadsden Arizona, SW USA 32°33´N 114°45´W Gadyach see Hadyach Gadzhiyevo Murmanskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 69°16´N 33°20´E Gadzi Mambéré-Kadéï, SW Central African Republic 04°46´N 16°42´E Găeşti Dâmbovia, S Romania 44°42´N 25°19´E Gaeta Lazio, C Italy 41°12´N 13°35´E Gaeta, Golfo di var. Gulf of Gaeta. gulf C Italy Gaeta, Gulf of see Gaeta, Golfo di Gaferut atoll Caroline Islands, W Micronesia Gaffney South Carolina, SE USA 35°03´N 81°40´W Gäfle see Gävle Gäfleborg see Gävleborg Gafsa var. Qafşah. W Tunisia 34°25´N 08°52´E Gafurov see Ghafurov Gagarin prev. Gzhatsk. Smolenskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 53°33´N 35°00´E Gagarin Jizzax Viloyati, C Uzbekistan 40°40´N 68°04´E Găgăuzia r cultural region S Moldavia Gaggenau BadenWürttemberg, SW Germany 48°48´N 08°19´E Gagil Tamil var. GagilTomil. island Caroline Islands, W Micronesia Gagil-Tomil see Gagil Tamil Gagino Nizhegorodskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 55°18´N 45°01´E Gagliano del Capo Puglia, SE Italy 39°49´N 18°22´E Gagnef Dalarna, C Sweden 60°34´N 15°04´E Gagnoa C Ivory Coast 06°11´N 05°56´W Gagnon Québec, E Canada 51°56´N 68°16´W Gago Coutinho see Lumbala N’Guimbo Gagra NW Georgia 43°17´N 40°18´E Gahanna Ohio, N USA 40°01´N 82°52´W Gahkom Hormozgān, S Iran 28°14´N 55°48´E Gahnpa see Ganta Gaíba, Laguna c E Bolivia Gaibandha var. Gaibanda. Rajshahi, NW Bangladesh 25°21´N 89°36´E

Gaibhlte, Cnoc Mór na n see Galtymore Mountain 109 R9 Gail j S Austria 101 I21 Gaildorf BadenWürttemberg, S Germany 48°41´N 10°08´E

103 N15 Gaillac var. Gaillac-sur-Tarn. Tarn, S France 43°54´N 01°54´E Gaillac-sur-Tarn see Gaillac Gaillimh see Galway Gaillimhe, Cuan na see Galway Bay 109 Q9 Gailtaler Alpen m S Austria 63 J17 Gaimán Chaco, S Argentina 43°15´S 65°30´W

Gainesboro Tennessee, S USA 36°20´N 85°41´W 23 V10 Gainesville Florida, SE USA 20 K8

23 T2 27 U8 25 T5 109 X5 97 N18 182 G6 92 L8 43 T15 21 W3 163 U13

118 H7

197 T10

39 S10 158 M16 114 K10

62 J6

29°39´N 82°19´W Gainesville Georgia, SE USA 34°18´N 83°49´W Gainesville Missouri, C USA 36°37´N 92°28´W Gainesville Texas, SW USA 33°39´N 97°08´W Gainfarn Niederösterreich, NE Austria 47°59´N 16°11´E Gainsborough E England, United Kingdom 53°24´N 00°48´W Gairdner, Lake salt lake South Australia Gaissane see Gáissát Gáissát var. Gaissane. m N Norway Gaital, Cerro l C Panama 08°37´N 80°04´W Gaithersburg Maryland, NE USA 39°08´N 77°13´W Gaizhou Liaoning, NE China 40°24´N 122°17´E Gaizina Kalns see Gaiziņkalns Gaiziņkalns var. Gaizina Kalns. l E Latvia 56°51´N 25°58´E Gajac see Villeneuve-sur-Lot Gakkel Ridge var. Arctic Mid Oceanic Ridge; prev. Nansen Cordillera. seamount range Arctic Ocean Gakona Alaska, USA 62°21´N 145°16´W Gala Xizang Zizhiqu, China 28°17´N 89°21´E Galaassiya see Galaosiyo Galabovo , Gŭlŭbovo. Stara Zagora, C Bulgaria 42°08´N 25°51´E Ğalāğıl see Jalājil Galam, Pulau see Gelam, Pulau

Galán, Cerro l NW Argentina 25°54´S 66°45´W

111 H21 Galanta Hung. Galánta. Trnavský Kraj, W Slovakia

48°12´N 17°45´E 146 L11 Galaosiyo Rus. Galaassiya. Buxoro Viloyati, C Uzbekistan 39°53´N 64°25´E 57 B17 Galápagos off. Provincia de Galápagos. r province W Ecuador, E Pacific Ocean

193 P8

193 S9

Galapagos Fracture Zone tectonic feature E Pacific Ocean Galapagos Islands see Colón, Archipiélago de Galápagos, Islas de los see Colón, Archipiélago de Galápagos, Provincia de see Galápagos Galapagos Rise undersea feature E Pacific Ocean 15°00´S 97°00´W

252

116 L12 107 Q19

21 R8 146 J16

64 P11 94 F11 40 I4 41 O9 60 P9 171 R10 39 O9 30 K10 27 R7 27 T8 45 V15 105 P13 45 Y16 56 A5 30 K12 30 J7 18 F12 116 H9

81 N15

137 Q9 125 N14 114 H7 104 H3 64 M8

181 W7

106 E11 31 S12 146 K12

80 H11 147 O11 106 C7 27 S2 20 J8 33 R11 33 R12 155 J26 105 S5 193 Q8

63 H23 22 K10 114 G13 37 S12 54 H3 37 T11 107 Q19

31 T15 92 J12

Gallneukirchen Oberösterreich, N Austria

109 T4 93 G17 105 Q7 107 I23 37 P13 18 G8 97 H15 37 P10 105 R5

55°37´N 02°49´W Galai Ger. Galatz. Galai, E Romania 45°27´N 28°00´E Galai r county E Romania Galatina Puglia, SE Italy 40°10´N 18°10´E Galatone Puglia, SE Italy 40°09´N 18°05´E Galatz see Galai Galax Virginia, NE USA 36°40´N 88°56´W Galaýmor Rus. Kalai-Mor. Mary Welaýaty, S Turkmenistan 35°40´N 62°28´E Galcaio see Gaalkacyo Gáldar Gran Canaria, Islas Canarias, NE Atlantic Ocean 28°09´N 15°40´W Galdhøpiggen l S Norway 61°30´N 08°08´E Galeana Chihuahua, N Mexico 30°08´N 107°38´W Galeana Nuevo León, NE Mexico 24°45´N 99°59´W Galeão k (Rio de Janeiro) Rio de Janeiro, SE Brazil 22°48´S 43°16´W Galela Pulau Halmahera, E Indonesia 01°52´N 127°48´E Galena Alaska, USA 64°43´N 156°55´W Galena Illinois, N USA 42°25´N 90°25´W Galena Kansas, C USA 37°04´N 94°38´W Galena Missouri, C USA 36°45´N 93°30´W Galeota Point headland Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago 10°07´N 60°59´W Galera Andalucía, S Spain 37°45´N 02°33´W Galera Point headland Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago 10°49´N 60°54´W Galera, Punta headland NW Ecuador 0°49´N 80°03´W Galesburg Illinois, N USA 40°57´N 90°22´W Galesville Wisconsin, N USA 44°04´N 91°21´W Galeton Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°43´N 77°38´W Gâlgău Hung. Galgó; prev. Gîlgău. Sălaj, NW Romania 47°17´N 23°43´E Galgó see Gâlgău Galgóc see Hlohovec Galguduud off. Gobolka Galguduud. r region E Somalia Galguduud, Gobolka see Galguduud Gali W Georgia 42°40´N 41°39´E Galich Kostromskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 58°21´N 42°21´E Galiche Vratsa, NW Bulgaria 43°36´N 23°53´E Galicia anc. Gallaecia. r autonomous community NW Spain Galicia Bank undersea feature E Atlantic Ocean 11°45´W 42°40´N Galilee see HaGalil Galilee, Lake c Queensland, NE Australia Galilee, Sea of see Tiberias, Lake Galileo Galilei k (Pisa) Toscana, C Italy 43°40´N 10°22´E Galion Ohio, N USA 40°43´N 82°47´W Galka‘yo see Gaalkacyo Galkynyș prev. Rus. Deynau, Dyanev, Turkm. Dänew. Lebap Welaýaty, NE Turkmenistan 39°16´N 63°10´E Gallabat Gedaref, E Sudan 12°57´N 36°10´E Gallaecia see Galicia G‘allaorol Jizzax Viloyati, C Uzbekistan 40°01´N 67°30´E Gallarate Lombardia, NW Italy 45°39´N 08°47´E Gallatin Missouri, C USA 39°54´N 93°57´W Gallatin Tennessee, S USA 36°22´N 86°28´W Gallatin Peak l Montana, NW USA 45°22´N 111°21´W Gallatin River j Montana/ Wyoming, NW USA Galle prev. Point de Galle. Southern Province, SW Sri Lanka 06°04´N 80°12´E Gállego j NE Spain Gallego Rise undersea feature E Pacific Ocean 02°00´S 115°00´W Gallegos see Río Gallegos Gallegos, Río j Argentina/ Chile Gallia see France Galliano Louisiana, S USA 29°26´N 90°18´W Gallikós j N Greece Gallinas Peak l New Mexico, SW USA 34°14´N 105°47´W Gallinas, Punta headland NE Colombia 12°27´N 71°44´W Gallinas River j New Mexico, SW USA Gallipoli Puglia, SE Italy 40°08´N 18°E Gallipoli see Gelibolu Gallipoli Peninsula see Gelibolu Yarımadası Gallipolis Ohio, N USA 38°49´N 82°14´W Gällivare Lapp. Váhtjer. Norrbotten, N Sweden 67°08´N 20°39´E 48°22´N 14°25´E Gällö Jämtland, C Sweden 62°57´N 15°15´E Gallo j C Spain Gallo, Capo headland Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 38°13´N 13°18´E Gallo Mountains m New Mexico, SW USA Galloo Island island New York, NE USA Galloway, Mull of headland S Scotland, United Kingdom 54°37´N 04°54´W Gallup New Mexico, SW USA 35°32´N 108°45´W Gallur Aragón, NE Spain 41°51´N 01°21´W Gâlma see Guelma

Country Country Capital

163 N9 Galshar var. Buyant. Hentiy, C Mongolia 46°15´N 110°50´E 162 I6 Galt var. Ider. Hövsgöl, C Mongolia 48°45´N 99°52´E 35 O8 Galt California, W USA 38°13´N 121°19´W

74 C10 Galtat-Zemmour C Western Sahara 25°07´N 12°21´W 95 G22 Galten Midtjylland, C Denmark 56°09´N 09°54´E Gålto see Kultsjön 97 D20 Galtymore Mountain Ir. Cnoc Mór na nGaibhlte. l S Ireland 52°21´N 08°09´W 97 D20 Galty Mountains Ir. Na Gaibhlte. m S Ireland 30 K11 Galva Illinois, N USA 41°10´N 90°02´W

25 X12 Galveston Texas, SW USA 29°17´N 94°48´W

25 W11 Galveston Bay inlet Texas, SW USA 25 W12 Galveston Island island Texas, SW USA 61 B18 Gálvez Santa Fe, C Argentina 97 C18 97 B18 97 B18 83 F18 164 L14 54 F7 158 L17 77 P14 80 G13 81 H14 38 K10 76 E12 76 I12 64 K12

31 T13 191 Y13 182 G10 79 H19 79 G16 37 P10 137 V12 95 N18

93 J14

155 J25 155 K25 167 S5 92 L7 150 H13

37 O10 25 U12 14 L14

137 V11

82 B13

79 L22 153 O12 13 U11 13 U11 100 G11 105 T7 154 B10 154 D10 154 F9 105 T11

159 O10 152 G9 152 I12 153 S17 155 G17 159 S9 158 H14 103 Q15 153 P13

32°03´S 61°14´W Galway Ir. Gaillimh. W Ireland 53°16´N 09°03´W Galway Ir. Gaillimh. cultural region W Ireland Galway Bay Ir. Cuan na Gaillimhe. bay W Ireland Gam Otjozondjupa, NE Namibia 20°10´S 20°51´E Gamagōri Aichi, Honshū, SW Japan 34°49´N 137°15´E Gamarra Cesar, N Colombia 08°21´N 73°46´W Gámas see Kaamanen Gamba Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 28°13´N 88°32´E Gamba see Zamtang Gambaga NE Ghana 10°32´N 00°28´W Gambēla Gambēla Hizboch, W Ethiopia 08°09´N 34°15´E Gambēla Hizboch r federal region W Ethiopia Gambell Saint Lawrence Island, Alaska, USA 63°44´N 171°41´W Gambia off. Republic of The Gambia, The Gambia. b republic W Africa Gambia Fr. Gambie. j W Africa Gambia Plain undersea feature E Atlantic Ocean

Gambia, Republic of The see Gambia Gambia, The see Gambia Gambie see Gambia Gambier Ohio, N USA 40°22´N 82°24´W Gambier, Îles island group E French Polynesia Gambier Islands island group South Australia Gamboma Plateaux, E Congo 01°53´S 15°51´E Gamboula Mambéré-Kadéï, SW Central African Republic 04°09´N 15°12´E Gamerco New Mexico, SW USA 35°34´N 108°45´W Gamış Dağı l W Azerbaijan 40°18´N 46°15´E Gamlakarleby see Kokkola Gamleby Kalmar, S Sweden 57°54´N 16°25´E Gammelstad see Gammelstaden Gammelstaden var. Gammelstad. Norrbotten, N Sweden 65°38´N 22°05´E Gammouda see Sidi Bouzid Gampaha Western Province, W Sri Lanka 07°05´N 80°00´E Gampola Central Province, C Sri Lanka 07°10´N 80°34´E Gâm, Sông j N Vietnam Gamvik Finnmark, N Norway 71°04´N 28°08´E Gan Addu Atoll, C Maldives Gan see Gansu, China Gan see Jiangxi, China Ganaane see Juba Ganado Arizona, SW USA 35°42´N 109°31´W Ganado Texas, SW USA 29°02´N 96°30´W Gananoque Ontario, SE Canada 44°21´N 76°11´W Ganāveh see Bandar-e Gonāveh Gäncä Rus. Gyandzha; prev. Kirovabad, Yelisavetpol. W Azerbaijan 40°42´N 46°23´E Ganchi see Ghonchí Gand see Gent Ganda var. Mariano Machado, Port. Vila Mariano Machado. Benguela, W Angola 13°02´S 14°40´E Gandajika Kasai-Oriental, S Dem. Rep. Congo 06°42´S 24°01´E Gandak Nep. Nārāyāni. j India/Nepal Gander Newfoundland and Labrador, SE Canada 48°56´N 54°33´W Gander k Newfoundland and Labrador, E Canada 49°03´N 54°49´W Ganderkesee Niedersachsen, NW Germany 53°01´N 08°33´E Gandesa Cataluña, NE Spain 41°03´N 00°26´E Gāndhīdhām Gujarāt, W India 23°08´N 70°05´E Gāndhīnagar state capital Gujarāt, W India 23°12´N 72°37´E Gāndhi Sāgar c C India Gandia prev. Gandía. Valenciana, E Spain 38°59´N 00°11´W Gandía see Gandia Gang Qinghai, W China Gangānagar Rājasthān, NW India 29°54´N 73°56´E Gangāpur Rājasthān, N India 26°30´N 76°49´E Ganga Sāgar West Bengal, NE India 21°39´N 88°05´E Gangavathi see Gangāwati Gangāwati var. Gangavathi. Karnātaka, C India 15°26´N 76°35´E Gangca var. Shaliuhe. Qinghai, C China 37°21´N 100°09´E Gangdisê Shan Eng. Kailas Range. m W China Ganges Hérault, S France 43°57´N 03°42´E Ganges Ben. Padma. j Bangladesh/India see also Padma Ganges see Padma Ganges Cone see Ganges Fan

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

Ganges Fan var. Ganges Cone. undersea feature N Bay of Bengal 12°00´N 87°00´E U17 Ganges, Mouths of the delta Bangladesh/India K23 Gangi anc. Engyum. Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 37°48´N 14°13´E Y14 Gangneung Jap. Kōryō; prev. Kangnŭng. NE South Korea 37°47´N 128°51´E K8 Gangotri Uttarakhand, N India 30°56´N 79°02´E Gangra see Çankırı S11 Gangtok state capital Sikkim, N India 27°20´N 88°39´E W11 Gangu var. Daxiangshan. Gansu, C China 34°38´N 105°18´E U5 Gan He j NE China S12 Gani Pulau Halmahera, E Indonesia 0°45´S 128°13´E O12 Gan Jiang j S China U11 Ganjig var. Horqin Zuoyi Houqi. Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China 42°53´N 122°22´E H15 Gannaly Ahal Welaýaty, S Turkmenistan 37°02´N 60°43´E U7 Gannan Heilongjiang, NE China 47°58´N 123°36´E P10 Gannat Allier, C France 46°06´N 03°12´E T14 Gannett Peak l Wyoming, C USA 43°10´N 109°39´W O10 Gannvalley South Dakota, N USA 44°01´N 98°59´W Ganqu see Lhünzhub Y3 Gänserndorf Niederösterreich, NE Austria 48°21´N 16°43´E Gansos, Lago dos see Goose Lake T9 Gansu var. Gan, Gansu Sheng, Kansu. r province N China Gansu Sheng see Gansu K16 Ganta var. Gahnpa. NE Liberia 07°15´N 08°59´W H11 Gantheaume, Cape headland South Australia 36°04´S 137°28´E Gantsevichi see Hantsavichy Q6 Ganyu var. Qingkou. Jiangsu, E China 34°52´N 119°11´E D12 Ganyushkino Atyrau, SW Kazakhstan 46°38´N 49°12´E O12 Ganzhou Jiangxi, S China 25°51´N 114°59´E Ganzhou see Zhangye Q10 Gao Gao, E Mali 16°16´N 00°03´E R10 Gao r region SE Mali O10 Gao’an Jiangxi, S China 28°24´N 115°27´E Gaocheng see Litang Gaoleshan see Xianfeng R5 Gaomi Shandong, C China 36°23´N 119°45´E N5 Gaoping Shanxi, C China 35°51´N 112°55´E S8 Gaotai Gansu, N China 39°22´N 99°44´E Gaoth Dobhair see Gweedore O14 Gaoua SW Burkina Faso 10°18´N 03°12´W I13 Gaoual N Guinea 11°44´N 13°14´W S14 Gaoxiong var. Kaohsiung, Jap. Takao, Takow. S Taiwan 22°36´N 120°17´E S14 Gaoxiong k S Taiwan 22°26´N 120°32´E R7 Gaoyou var. Dayishan. Jiangsu, E China 32°48´N 119°26´E R7 Gaoyou Hu c E China M15 Gaozhou Guangdong, S China 21°56´N 110°49´E T13 Gap anc. Vapincum. Hautes-Alpes, SE France 44°33´N 06°05´E E9 Gaplaňgyr Platosy Rus. Plato Kaplangky. ridge Turkmenistan/Uzbekistan G13 Gar var. Shiquanhe. Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 32°31´N 80°04´E Gar see Gar Xincun Garabekevyul see Garabekewül L13 Garabekewül Rus. Garabekevyul, Karabekaul. Lebap Welaýaty, E Turkmenistan 38°31´N 64°04´E K15 Garabil Belentligi Rus. Vozvyshennost’ Karabil’. m S Turkmenistan A8 Garabogaz Rus. Bekdash. Balkan Welaýaty, NW Turkmenistan 41°33´N 52°33´E B9 Garabogaz Aylagy Rus. Zaliv Kara-Bogaz-Gol. bay NW Turkmenistan A9 Garabogazköl Rus. Kara-Bogaz-Gol. Balkan Welaýaty, NW Turkmenistan 41°03´N 52°52´E V16 Garachiné Darién, SE Panama 08°03´N 78°22´W V16 Garachiné, Punta headland SE Panama 08°05´N 78°23´W K12 Garagan Rus. Karagan. Ahal Welaýaty, C Turkmenistan 38°16´N 57°34´E G10 Garagoa Boyacá, C Colombia 05°05´N 73°20´W A11 Garagöl’ Rus. Karagel’. Balkan Welaýaty, W Turkmenistan 39°24´N 53°13´E F12 Garagum var. Garagumy, Qara Qum, Eng. Black Sand Desert, Kara Kum; prev. Peski Karakumy. desert C Turkmenistan E12 Garagum Kanaly var. Kara Kum Canal, Rus. Karagumskiy Kanal, Karakumskiy Kanal. canal C Turkmenistan Garagumy see Garagum S4 Garah New South Wales, SE Australia 29°07´S 149°37´E O11 Garajonay l Gomera, Islas Canarias, NE Atlantic Ocean 28°07´N 17°14´W L13 Garalo Sikasso, SW Mali 10°58´N 07°26´W Garam see Hron, Slovakia L14 Garamätnyýaz Rus. Karamet-Niyaz. Lebap Welaýaty, E Turkmenistan 37°45´N 64°28´E Garamszentkereszt see Žiar nad Hronom Q13 Garango S Burkina Faso 11°45´N 00°30´W

173 S3 153 107 163 152 153 159 163 171 161 163 146 163 103 33 29 109

159

76 182

161 144 161 77 77 161

161 161 159

77 76 161 161 161 161 160 103 146 156

146

146 146

146 146

43 43 146 54 146

146

146

183 64 76 146

77

Administrative Regions International Airport

59 Q15 Garanhuns Pernambuco, E Brazil 08°53´S 36°28´W 188 H5 Garapan Saipan, S Northern Mariana Islands

78 J13

81 L16

81 J18 27 N9 34 L4 100 I12 60 K9

15°12´S 145°43´E Gárasavvon see Karesuando Gárassavon see Kaaresuvanto Garba Bamingui-Bangoran, N Central African Republic 09°09´N 20°24´E Garba see Jiulong Garbahaarrey It. Garba Harre. Gedo, SW Somalia 03°14´N 42°18´E Garba Harre see Garbahaarrey Garba Tula Isiolo, C Kenya 0°31´N 38°35´E Garber Oklahoma, C USA 36°26´N 97°35´W Garberville California, W USA 40°07´N 123°48´W Garbo see Lhozhag Garbsen Niedersachsen, N Germany 52°25´N 09°36´E Garça São Paulo, S Brazil 22°14´S 49°36´W

104 L10 García de Solá, Embalse de d C Spain 103 Q14 Gard r department S France 103 Q14 Gard j S France 106 F7 Garda, Lago di var. Benaco, Eng. Lake Garda, Ger. Gardasee. c NE Italy Garda, Lake see Garda, Lago di Gardan Divāl see Gardan Dīwāl 149 Q5 Gardan Dīwāl var. Gardan Divāl. Wardak, C Afghanistan 103 S15

100 L12 14 B10 23 X6 26 I6 27 S5 25 N8 23 P3 31 P5 22 M11 31 O5

95 I14 95 I14

149 Q6

93 G14 19 Q7 33 S12 19 N13

19 T6 35 Q6 106 F7

34°30´N 68°15´E Gardanne Bouchesdu-Rhône, SE France 43°27´N 05°28´E Gardasee see Garda, Lago di Gardelegen Sachsen-Anhalt, C Germany 52°31´N 11°25´E Garden j Ontario, S Canada Garden City Georgia, SE USA 32°06´N 81°09´W Garden City Kansas, C USA 37°57´N 100°54´W Garden City Missouri, C USA 38°34´N 94°12´W Garden City Texas, SW USA 31°51´N 101°30´W Gardendale Alabama, S USA 33°39´N 86°48´W Garden Island island Michigan, N USA Garden Island Bay bay Louisiana, S USA Garden Peninsula peninsula Michigan, N USA Garden State, The see New Jersey Gardermoen Akershus, S Norway 60°10´N 11°04´E Gardermoen k (Oslo) Akershus, S Norway 60°12´N 11°05´E Gardeyz/Gardez see Gardēz Gardēz var. Gardeyz, Gordiaz; prev. Gardīz. Paktiyā, E Afghanistan 33°35´N 69°14´E Gardiken c N Sweden Gardiner Maine, NE USA 44°13´N 69°46´W Gardiner Montana, NW USA 45°02´N 110°42´W Gardiners Island island New York, NE USA Gardner Island see Nikumaroro Gardner Lake c Maine, NE USA Gardnerville Nevada, W USA 38°55´N 119°44´W Gardo see Qardho

Gardone Val Trompia Lombardia, N Italy

45°40´N 10°11´E

Garegegasnjárga see Karigasniemi 38 F17 Gareloi Island island Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA Gares see Puente la Reina 106 B10 Garessio Piemonte, NE Italy

44°14´N 08°01´E 32 M9 Garfield Washington, NW USA 47°00´N 117°07´W 31 U11 Garfield Heights Ohio, N USA 41°25´N 81°36´W Gargaliani see Gargaliánoi 115 D21 Gargaliánoi var. Gargaliani. Pelopónnisos, S Greece 37°04´N 21°38´E

107 N15 Gargàno, Promontorio del headland SE Italy 108 J8 93 I14 118 C11 154 J13 153 O15

41°51´N 16°11´E

Gargellen Graubünden, W Switzerland 46°57´N 09°55´E Gargnäs Västerbotten, N Sweden 65°19´N 18°00´E Gargždai Klaipėda, W Lithuania 55°42´N 21°24´E Garhchiroli Mahārāshtra, C India 20°14´N 79°58´E Garhwa Jhārkhand, N India 24°07´N 83°52´E

171 V13 Gariau Papua Barat, E Indonesia 03°43´S 134°54´E 83 E24 Garies Northern Cape, W South Africa 30°30´S 18°00´E 107 K17 Garigliano j C Italy 81 K19 Garissa Garissa, E Kenya 0°27´S 39°39´E

81 K19 Garissa r county SE Kenya 21 V11 Garland North Carolina, SE USA 34°45´N 78°25´W 25 T6 Garland Texas, SW USA

32°50´N 96°37´W Garland Utah, W USA 41°43´N 112°07´W 106 D8 Garlasco Lombardia, N Italy 45°12´N 08°59´E 119 F14 Garliava Kaunas, S Lithuania 54°49´N 23°52´E Garm see Gharm 142 M9 Garm, Āb-e var. Rūd-e Khersān. j SW Iran Garmik see Germik

36 L1

101 K25 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Bayern, S Germany 47°30´N 11°05´E

143 O5 Garmsār prev. Qishlaq. Semnān, N Iran

35°18´N 52°22´E Garmser see Darwēshān 29 V12 Garner Iowa, C USA 43°06´N 93°36´W 21 U9 Garner North Carolina, SE USA 35°42´N 78°36´W 27 Q5 Garnett Kansas, C USA 38°16´N 95°15´W 99 M25 Garnich Luxembourg, SW Luxembourg 49°37´N 05°57´E 182 M8 Garnpung, Lake salt lake New South Wales, SE Australia

Mountain Mountain Range

Garoe see Garoowe Garoet see Garut 153 U13 Gāro Hills hill range NE India 102 K13 Garonne anc. Garumna. j S France 80 P13 Garoowe var. Garoe. Nugaal, N Somalia

21 N9 Gatlinburg Tennessee, S USA

43 T14 59 N14 97 O22

08°24´N 48°29´E

78 F12 Garoua var. Garua. Nord, N Cameroon 09°17´N 13°22´E 79 G14 Garoua Boulaï Est, E Cameroon 05°54´N 14°33´E 77 O10 Garou, Lac c C Mali 95 L16 Garphyttan Örebro, C Sweden 59°18´N 14°54´E 29 R11 Garretson South Dakota, N USA 43°43´N 96°30´W 31 Q11 Garrett Indiana, N USA 41°21´N 85°08´W

33 Q10 Garrison Montana, NW USA

104 L16 118 I8 118 I7

46°32´N 112°46´W

94 H9 21 R5

31°49´N 94°29´W

99 D19 Gaurain-Ramecroix Hainaut, SW Belgium

28 M4 Garrison North Dakota, N USA 47°36´N 101°25´W 25 X8 Garrison Texas, SW USA

Garrison Dam dam North Dakota, N USA 104 J9 Garrovillas Extremadura, W Spain 39°43´N 06°33´W Garrygala see Magtymguly 8 L8 Garry Lake c Nunavut, N Canada Gars see Gars am Kamp 109 W3 Gars am Kamp var. Gars. Niederösterreich, NE Austria 28 L4

187 Y14 187 R12

35°42´N 83°30´W Gatooma see Kadoma Gáttája see Gătaia Gatún, Lago d C Panama Gaturiano Piauí, NE Brazil 06°53´S 41°45´W Gatwick k (London) SE England, United Kingdom 51°10´N 00°12´W Gau prev. Ngau. island C Fiji Gaua var. Santa Maria. Island Banks Island, N Vanuatu Gaucín Andalucía, S Spain 36°31´N 05°19´W Gauhāti see Guwāhāti Gauja Ger. Aa. j Estonia/ Latvia Gaujiena NE Latvia 57°31´N 26°24´E Gauldalen valley S Norway Gauley River j West Virginia, NE USA Gaul/Gaule see France 50°35´N 03°31´E

95 F15 Gaustatoppen l S Norway 59°50´N 08°39´E

Garshy see Garșy 14 F10 Garson Ontario, S Canada

83 J21 Gauteng off. Gauteng Province; prev. PretoriaWitwatersrand-Vereeniging. r province NE South Africa Gauteng see Johannesburg, South Africa Gauteng see Germiston, South Africa Gauteng Province see Gauteng 137 U11 Gavarr prev. Kamo. C Armenia

109 T5

143 P14 Gāvbandī Hormozgān, S Iran

146

115 H25 Gavdopoúla island SE Greece 115 H26 Gávdos island SE Greece 102 K16 Gave de Pau var. Gave-dePay. j SW France Gave-de-Pay see Gave de Pau 102 J16 Gave d’Oloron j SW France 99 E18 Gavere Oost-Vlaanderen, NW Belgium 50°56´N 03°41´E 94 N13 Gävle var. Gäfle; prev. Gefle. Gävleborg, C Sweden

48°35´N 15°40´E

81 K20 Garsen Tana River, S Kenya 02°16´S 40°07´E

102 83 169 185 110 25 158 31 25 158 158 160 54 31 102 26 180 173 180 192 67 149 77 159 186 23 169 15 15 15

77 21 21 115 63 105 105 116

121 104 124 21 97 21 25 14 14

Volcano River

46°33´N 80°51´W Garsten Oberösterreich, N Austria 48°00´N 14°24´E A9 Garșy var. Garshy, Rus. Karshi. Balkan Welaýaty, NW Turkmenistan 40°45´N 52°50´E Gartar see Qianning M10 Gartempe j C France Gartog see Markam Garua see Garoua D21 Garub Karas, SW Namibia 26°33´S 16°00´E Garumna see Garonne P16 Garut prev. Garoet. Jawa, C Indonesia 07°15´S 107°55´E C20 Garvie Mountains m South Island, New Zealand N12 Garwolin Mazowieckie, E Poland 51°54´N 21°36´E U12 Garwood Texas, SW USA 29°25´N 96°26´W G13 Gar Xincun prev. Gar. Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 32°04´N 80°01´E N11 Gary Indiana, N USA 41°36´N 87°21´W X7 Gary Texas, SW USA 32°00´N 94°21´W G13 Garyarsa Xizang Zizhiqu, SW China 31°44´N 80°20´E G13 Gar Zangbo j W China F8 Garzê Sichuan, C China 31°40´N 99°58´E E12 Garzón Huila, S Colombia 02°14´N 75°37´W Gasan-Kuli see Esenguly P13 Gas City Indiana, N USA 40°29´N 85°36´W K15 Gascogne Eng. Gascony. cultural region S France V5 Gasconade River j Missouri, C USA Gascony see Gascogne H9 Gascoyne Junction Western Australia 25°06´S 115°10´E V8 Gascoyne Plain undersea feature E Indian Ocean H9 Gascoyne River j Western Australia J11 Gascoyne Tablemount undersea feature N Tasman Sea 36°30´S 156°30´E U6 Gash var. Nahr al Qāsh. j W Sudan X3 Gasherbrum l NE Pakistan 35°39´N 76°34´E Gas Hu see Gas Hure Hu X12 Gashua Yobe, NE Nigeria 12°55´N 11°10´E N9 Gas Hure Hu var. Gas Hu. c C China Gásluokta see Kjøpsvik G7 Gasmata New Britain, E Papua New Guinea 06°12´S 150°25´E V14 Gasparilla Island island Florida, SE USA O13 Gaspar, Selat strait W Indonesia Y6 Gaspé Québec, SE Canada 48°50´N 64°33´W Z6 Gaspé, Cap de headland Québec, SE Canada 48°45´N 64°10´W X6 Gaspé, Péninsule de var. Péninsule de la Gaspésie. peninsula Québec, SE Canada Gaspésie, Péninsule de la see Gaspé, Péninsule de W15 Gassol Taraba, E Nigeria 08°28´N 10°24´E Gastein see Badgastein R10 Gastonia North Carolina, SE USA 35°14´N 81°12´W V8 Gaston, Lake d North Carolina/Virginia, SE USA D19 Gastoúni Dytikí Elláda, S Greece 37°51´N 21°15´E I17 Gastre Chubut, S Argentina 42°20´S 69°10´W Gat see Ghāt P15 Gata, Cabo de cape S Spain Gata, Cape see Gátas, Akrotíri T11 Gata de Gorgos Valenciana, E Spain 38°45´N 00°06´E E12 Gătaia Ger. Gataja, Hung. Gátalja; prev. Gáttája. Timiș, W Romania 45°24´N 21°26´E Gataja/Gátalja see Gătaia P3 Gátas, Akrotíri var. Cape Gata. headland S Cyprus 34°34´N 33°03´E J8 Gata, Sierra de m W Spain G13 Gatchina Leningradskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 59°34´N 30°06´E P8 Gate City Virginia, NE USA 36°38´N 82°37´W M14 Gateshead NE England, United Kingdom 54°57´N 01°37´W X8 Gatesville North Carolina, SE USA 36°24´N 76°46´W S8 Gatesville Texas, SW USA 31°26´N 97°46´W L12 Gatineau Québec, SE Canada 45°29´N 75°40´W L11 Gatineau j Ontario/ Québec, SE Canada

Lake Reservoir

40°21´N 45°07´E 27°07´N 53°21´E

60°41´N 17°09´E

94 M11 Gävleborg var. Gäfleborg, Gefleborg. r county C Sweden 94 O13 Gävlebukten bay C Sweden 124 L16 Gavrilov-Yam Yaroslavskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 182 I9

57°19´N 39°52´E

Gawler South Australia 34°38´S 138°44´E

182 G7 Gawler Ranges hill range South Australia Gawso see Goaso 162 H11 Gaxun Nur c N China 153 P14 Gaya Bihār, N India 24°48´N 85°E

77 S13 Gaya Dosso, SW Niger 11°52´N 03°28´E

Gaya see Kyjov 31 Q6 Gaylord Michigan, N USA 45°01´N 84°40´W

29 U9 Gaylord Minnesota, N USA

44°33´N 94°13´W Gayndah Queensland, E Australia 25°37´S 151°31´E T12 Gayny Komi-Permyatskiy Okrug, NW Russian Federation 60°19´N 54°15´E Gaysin see Haysyn Gayvorno see Hayvoron E11 Gaza Ar. Ghazzah, Heb. ‘Azza. NE Gaza Strip 31°30´N 34°E L20 Gaza off. Província de Gaza. r province SW Mozambique Gaz-Achak see Gazojak Q9 G‘azalkent Rus. Gazalkent. Toshkent Viloyati, E Uzbekistan 41°30´N 69°46´E Gazalkent see G‘azalkent Gazandzhyk/Gazanjyk see Bereket V12 Gazaoua Maradi, S Niger 13°28´N 07°54´E Gaza, Província de see Gaza E11 Gaza Strip Ar. Qita Ghazzah. disputed region SW Asia M16 Gaziantep var. Gazi Antep; prev. Aintab, Antep. Gaziantep, S Turkey 37°04´N 37°21´E M17 Gaziantep var. Gazi Antep. r province S Turkey Gazi Antep see Gaziantep M13 Gaziköy Tekirdağ, NW Turkey 40°45´N 27°18´E Q2 Gazimağusa var. Famagusta, Gk. Ammóchostos. E Cyprus 35°07´N 33°57´E Q2 Gazimağusa Körfezi var. Famagusta Bay, Gk. Kólpos Ammóchostos. bay E Cyprus K11 Gazli Buxoro Viloyati, C Uzbekistan 40°09´N 63°28´E I9 Gazojak Rus. GazAchak. Lebap Welaýaty, NE Turkmenistan 41°12´N 61°24´E K15 Gbadolite Equateur, NW Dem. Rep. Congo 04°14´N 20°59´E K16 Gbanga var. Gbarnga. N Liberia 07°02´N 09°30´W Gbarnga see Gbanga S14 Gbéroubouè var. Béroubouay. N Benin 10°35´N 02°47´E W16 Gboko Benue, S Nigeria 07°21´N 08°57´E Gcuwa see Butterworth J7 Gdańsk Fr. Dantzig, Ger. Danzig. Pomorskie, N Poland 54°22´N 18°35´E Gdan’skaya Bukhta/ Gdańsk, Gulf of see Danzig, Gulf of Gdańska, Zakota see Danzig, Gulf of Gdingen see Gdynia F13 Gdov Pskovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 58°43´N 27°51´E I6 Gdynia Ger. Gdingen. Pomorskie, N Poland 54°31´N 18°30´E M10 Geary Oklahoma, C USA 35°37´N 98°19´W Geavvú see Kevo H12 Gêba, Rio j C Guinea-Bissau E11 Gebze Kocaeli, NW Turkey 40°48´N 29°26´E H10 Gedaref var. Al Qaḑārif, El Gedaref. Gedaref, E Sudan 14°03´N 35°24´E H10 Gedaref r state E Sudan

181 Y9 125

138 83 147

77 138 136

136 114 121 121 146 146

79 76 77 77 110

124 110 26 76 136 80 80

Gedid Ras el Fil – Gláma 80 B11 Gedid Ras el Fil Southern Darfur, W Sudan

61 G18 General Enrique Martínez Treinta y Tres, E Uruguay

99 I23

62 L3

136 E13 136 C14 81 N14 81 L17 95 I25 99 I16 183 N13 99 I14 100 H10 100 J10 183 P17

163 S5 163 T5

158 G13 77 X12 11 T11 94 F13 94 E10 101 I22

81 F20 81 F21 95 G15 160 H14

12°45´N 25°45´E Gedinne Namur, SE Belgium 49°57´N 04°55´E Gediz Kütahya, W Turkey 39°04´N 29°25´E Gediz Nehri j W Turkey Gedlegubē Sumalē, E Ethiopia 06°53´N 45°08´E Gedo off. Gobolka Gedo. r region SW Somalia Gedo, Gobolka see Gedo Gedser Sjælland, SE Denmark 54°34´N 11°57´E Geel var. Gheel. Antwerpen, N Belgium 51°10´N 04°59´E Geelong Victoria, SE Australia 38°10´S 144°21´E Ge’e’mu see Golmud Geertruidenberg NoordBrabant, S Netherlands 51°43´N 04°52´E Geeste j NW Germany Geesthacht SchleswigHolstein, N Germany 53°25´N 10°22´E Geeveston Tasmania, SE Australia 43°12´S 146°54´E Gefle see Gävle Gefleborg see Gävleborg Gegan Gol prev. Ergun, Gen He, Zuoqi. NE China Gegen Gol prev. Ergun Zuoqi, Genhe. Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China 50°48´N 121°30´E Gê’gyai Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 32°29´N 81°04´E Geidam Yobe, NE Nigeria 12°52´N 11°55´E Geikie j Saskatchewan, C Canada Geilo Buskerud, S Norway 60°32´N 08°13´E Geiranger Møre og Romsdal, S Norway 62°07´N 07°12´E Geislingen var. Geislingen an der Steige. BadenWürttemberg, SW Germany 48°37´N 09°50´E Geislingen an der Steige see Geislingen Geita Geita, NW Tanzania 02°52´S 32°12´E Geita off. Mkoa wa Geita. r region N Tanzania Geita, Mkoa wa see Geita Geithus Buskerud, S Norway 59°56´N 09°58´E Gejiu var. Kochiu. Yunnan, S China 23°22´N 103°07´E Gëkdepe see Gökdepe

61 C18 61 E22

61 E22 41 O16 61 B22 61 E21

62 I8 41 O8

61 B20 62 K13 62 M7 61 B20 61 E22 43 N15 63 I15 171 Q8

41 O9 114 N7

61 B20

Geklengkui, Solonchak var. Solonchak Goklenkuy. salt marsh NW Turkmenistan 81 D14 Gel j C South Sudan 107 K25 Gela prev. Terranova di Sicilia. Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea

61 A20

81 N14 Geladī SE Ethiopia

18 F10

169 P13 Gelam, Pulau var. Pulau Galam. island N Indonesia Gelaozu Miaozu Zhizhixian see Wuchuan 98 L11 Gelderland prev. Eng. Guelders. r province E Netherlands 98 J13 Geldermalsen Gelderland, C Netherlands 51°53´N 05°17´E 101 D14 Geldern NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany

57 L14

146 E9

37°05´N 14°15´E 06°58´N 46°24´E

99 K15 99 L17 126 K14

136 B11 115 L14 81 O14 101 H18 101 E14 83 C20 99 H20 79 J16 99 L14 136 E11

106 J6

169 R10 99 G19 137 P14 98 M9 63 K14 61 C21 62 I12

51°31´N 06°19´E Geldrop NoordBrabant, SE Netherlands 51°25´N 05°34´E Geleen Limburg, SE Netherlands 50°57´N 05°49´E Gelendzhik Krasnodarskiy Kray, SW Russian Federation 44°34´N 38°06´E Gelib see Jilib Gelibolu Eng. Gallipoli. Çanakkale, NW Turkey 40°25´N 26°41´E Gelibolu Yarımadası Eng. Gallipoli Peninsula. peninsula NW Turkey Gellinsor Galguduud, C Somalia 06°25´N 46°44´E Gelnhausen Hessen, C Germany 50°12´N 09°12´E Gelsenkirchen NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 51°30´N 07°05´E Geluk Hardap, SW Namibia 24°35´S 15°48´E Gembloux Namur, Belgium 50°34´N 04°42´E Gemena Equateur, NW Dem. Rep. Congo 03°13´N 19°49´E Gemert NoordBrabant, SE Netherlands 51°33´N 05°41´E Gemlik Bursa, NW Turkey 40°26´N 29°10´E Gem of the Mountains see Idaho Gemona del Friuli FriuliVenezia Giulia, NE Italy 46°18´N 13°12´E Gem State see Idaho Genalē Wenz see Juba Genali, Danau c Borneo, N Indonesia Genappe Walloon Brabant, C Belgium 50°39´N 04°27´E Genç Bingöl, E Turkey 38°44´N 40°35´E Genck see Genk Genemuiden Overijssel, E Netherlands 52°38´N 06°03´E General Acha La Pampa, C Argentina 37°25´S 64°38´W General Alvear Buenos Aires, E Argentina 36°03´S 60°01´W General Alvear Mendoza, W Argentina 34°59´S 67°40´W

18 E11 30 K11

23 Q8 30 M10 29 Q16 18 G10 31 U10 108 B10

108 A10

108 A11 108 A10

104 L14 99 K18 164 C13 107 C19 99 M14 30 M10 29 Q15

106 D10 106 D10 57 C17

99 E17 169 N16 100 M12

61 B20 General Arenales Buenos Aires, E Argentina

27 R9

61 D21 General Belgrano Buenos Aires, E Argentina

107 I15

34°21´S 61°20´W 35°47´S 58°30´W

194 H3 General Bernardo O’Higgins Chilean research station Antarctica

163 Y17 163 Z16

63°09´S 57°13´W

41 O8 General Bravo Nuevo León, NE Mexico 25°47´N 99°04´W 62 M7 General Capdevila Chaco, N Argentina 27°25´S 61°30´W General Carrera, Lago see Buenos Aires, Lago 41 N9 General Cepeda Coahuila, NE Mexico 25°18´N 101°24´W 63 K15 General Conesa Río Negro, E Argentina 40°06´S 64°26´W

122 I3

83 G26 29 S11

33°13´S 53°47´W

General Eugenio A. Garay var. Fortín General Eugenio Garay; prev. Yrendagüé. Nueva Asunción, NW Paraguay 20°30´S 61°56´W General Galarza Entre Ríos, E Argentina 32°43´S 59°24´W General Guido Buenos Aires, E Argentina 36°36´S 57°45´W General José F.Uriburu see Zárate General Juan Madariaga Buenos Aires, E Argentina 37°00´S 57°09´W General Juan N Alvarez k (Acapulco) Guerrero, S Mexico 16°47´N 99°47´W General La Madrid Buenos Aires, E Argentina 37°17´S 61°20´W General Lavalle Buenos Aires, E Argentina 36°25´S 56°56´W General Machado see Camacupa General Manuel Belgrano, Cerro l W Argentina 29°05´S 67°05´W General Mariano Escobero k (Monterrey) Nuevo León, NE Mexico 25°47´N 100°00´W General O’Brien Buenos Aires, E Argentina 34°54´S 60°45´W General Pico La Pampa, C Argentina 35°43´S 63°45´W General Pinedo Chaco, N Argentina 27°17´S 61°20´W General Pinto Buenos Aires, E Argentina 34°45´S 61°50´W General Pirán Buenos Aires, E Argentina 37°16´S 57°46´W General, Río j S Costa Rica General Roca Río Negro, C Argentina 39°00´S 67°35´W General Santos off. General Santos City. Mindanao, S Philippines 06°10´N 125°10´E General Santos City see General Santos General Terán Nuevo León, NE Mexico 25°18´N 99°40´W General Toshevo Rom. I.G.Duca; prev. Casim, Kasimköj. Dobrich, NE Bulgaria 43°43´N 28°04´E General Viamonte Buenos Aires, E Argentina 35°01´S 61°00´W General Villegas Buenos Aires, E Argentina 35°02´S 63°01´W Gênes see Genova Genesee River j New York/Pennsylvania, NE USA Geneseo Illinois, N USA 41°27´N 90°08´W Geneseo New York, NE USA 42°48´N 77°46´W Geneshuaya, Río j N Bolivia Geneva Alabama, S USA 31°01´N 85°51´W Geneva Illinois, N USA 41°53´N 88°18´W Geneva Nebraska, C USA 40°31´N 97°36´W Geneva New York, NE USA 42°52´N 76°58´W Geneva Ohio, NE USA 41°48´N 80°53´W Geneva see Genève Geneva, Lake Fr. Lac de Genève, Lac Léman, le Léman, Ger. Genfer See. c France/Switzerland Genève Eng. Geneva, Ger. Genf, It. Ginevra. Genève, SW Switzerland 46°13´N 06°09´E Genève Eng. Geneva, Ger. Genf, It. Ginevra. r canton SW Switzerland Genève var. Geneva. k Vaud, SW Switzerland 46°13´N 06°06´E Genève, Lac de see Geneva, Lake Genf see Genève Genfer See see Geneva, Lake Gen He see Gegan Gol Genhe see Gegen Gol Genichesk see Heniches’k Genil j S Spain Genk var. Genck. Limburg, NE Belgium 50°58´N 05°30´E Genkai-nada gulf Kyūshū, SW Japan Gennargentu, Monti del m Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea Gennep Limburg, SE Netherlands 51°43´N 05°58´E Genoa Illinois, N USA 42°06´N 88°41´W Genoa Nebraska, C USA 41°27´N 97°43´W Genoa see Genova Genoa, Gulf of see Genova, Golfo di Genova Eng. Genoa, Fr. Gênes; anc. Genua. Liguria, NW Italy 44°28´N 09°E Genova, Golfo di Eng. Gulf of Genoa. gulf NW Italy Genovesa, Isla var. Tower Island. island Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, E Pacific Ocean Genshū see Wonju Gent Eng. Ghent, Fr. Gand. Oost-Vlaanderen, NW Belgium 51°02´N 03°42´E Genteng Jawa, C Indonesia 07°21´S 106°20´E Genthin Sachsen-Anhalt, E Germany 52°24´N 12°10´E Gentry Arkansas, C USA 36°16´N 94°28´W Genua see Genova Genzano di Roma Lazio, C Italy 41°42´N 12°42´E Geogeum-do prev. Kŏgŭmdo. island S South Korea Geogeum-do Jap. Kyōsai-tō; prev. Kŏje-do. island S South Korea Geokchay see Göyçay Geok-Tepe see Gökdepe Georga, Zemlya Eng. George Land. island Zemlya Frantsa-Iosifa, N Russian Federation George Western Cape, S South Africa 33°57´S 22°28´E George Iowa, C USA 43°20´N 96°00´W

Country Country Capital

13 O5 George j Newfoundland and Labrador/Québec, E Canada George F L Charles see Vigie 65 C25 George Island island S Falkland Islands 183 R10 George, Lake c New South Wales, SE Australia 81 E18 George, Lake c SW Uganda 23 W10 George, Lake c Florida, SE USA 18 L8 George, Lake d New York, NE USA George Land see Georga, Zemlya Georgenburg see Jurbarkas George River see Kangiqsualujjuaq 64 G8 Georges Bank undersea feature W Atlantic Ocean 41°15´N 67°30´W

185 A21 George Sound sound South Island, New Zealand 65 F15 Georgetown q (Ascension Island) NW Ascension Island 181 V5

17°56´S 14°25´W

Georgetown Queensland, NE Australia 18°17´S 143°37´E

183 P15 George Town Tasmania, SE Australia 41°04´S 146°48´E 44 D8 George Town var. Georgetown. q (Cayman Islands) Grand Cayman, SW Cayman Islands 76 H12 55 T8 168 I7 45 Y14 44 I4 21 Y4 23 R6 20 M5 21 T13 25 S10 55 T8

195 U16 194 J7 194 J6 195 T15 25 S14 137 R9

23 S5

14 F12

10 L17

19°16´N 81°23´W Georgetown E Gambia 13°33´N 14°49´W Georgetown a (Guyana) N Guyana 06°46´N 58°10´W George Town var. Penang, Pinang. Pinang, Peninsular Malaysia 05°28´N 100°20´E Georgetown Saint Vincent, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 13°19´N 61°09´W George Town Great Exuma Island, C The Bahamas 23°28´N 75°47´W Georgetown Delaware, NE USA 38°39´N 75°22´W Georgetown Georgia, SE USA 31°52´N 85°04´W Georgetown Kentucky, S USA 38°13´N 84°30´W Georgetown South Carolina, SE USA 33°23´N 79°18´W Georgetown Texas, SW USA 30°39´N 97°42´W Georgetown k N Guyana 06°46´N 58°10´W Georgetown see George Town George V Coast physical region Antarctica George VI Ice Shelf ice shelf Antarctica George VI Sound sound Antarctica George V Land physical region Antarctica George West Texas, SW USA 28°21´N 98°08´W Georgia off. Republic of Georgia, Geor. Sak’art’velo, Rus. Gruzinskaya SSR, Gruziya. b republic SW Asia Georgia off. State of Georgia, also known as Empire State of the South, Peach State. r state SE USA Georgian Bay lake bay Ontario, S Canada Georgia, Republic of see Georgia Georgia, Strait of strait British Columbia, W Canada Georgi Dimitrov see Kostenets

Georgi Dimitrov, Yazovir see Koprinka, Yazovir Georgiu-Dezh see Liski 145 W10 Georgiyevka Vostochnyy Kazakhstan, E Kazakhstan

49°19´N 81°35´E Georgiyevka see Korday 127 N15 Georgiyevsk Stavropol’skiy Kray, SW Russian Federation 44°07´N 43°22´E

100 G13 Georgsmarienhütte Niedersachsen, NW Germany 52°13´N 08°02´E

195 O1 Georg von Neumayer German research station Antarctica 70°41´S 08°18´W 101 M16 Gera Thüringen, E Germany 50°51´N 12°13´E

101 K16 Gera j C Germany 99 E19 Geraardsbergen OostVlaanderen, SW Belgium 50°47´N 03°53´E

115 F21 Geráki Pelopónnisos, S Greece 36°56´N 22°46´E 27 W5 Gerald Missouri, C USA 38°24´N 91°20´W

Geral de Goiás, Serra m E Brazil 185 G20 Geraldine Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand 47 V8

180 H11 12 E11 60 J12 103 U6

39 Q11 136 H11 136 H11 148 M8 101 L24 105 P14 28 I14 35 R3

44°06´S 171°14´E Geraldton Western Australia 28°48´S 114°40´E Geraldton Ontario, S Canada 49°44´N 86°59´W Geral, Serra m S Brazil Gérardmer Vosges, NE France 48°05´N 06°54´E Gerasa see Jarash Gerdauen see Zheleznodorozhnyy Gerdine, Mount l Alaska, USA 61°40´N 152°21´W Gerede Bolu, N Turkey 40°48´N 32°13´E Gerede Çayı j N Turkey Gereshk Helmand, SW Afghanistan 31°50´N 64°32´E Geretsried Bayern, S Germany 47°51´N 11°28´E Gérgal Andalucía, S Spain 37°07´N 02°34´W Gering Nebraska, C USA 41°49´N 103°39´W Gerlach Nevada, W USA 40°38´N 119°21´W

Gerlachfalvi Csúcs/ Gerlachovka see Gerlachovský štít 111 L18 Gerlachovský štít var. Gerlachovka, Ger. Gerlsdorfer Spitze, Hung. Gerlachfalvi Csúcs; prev. Stalinov Štít, Ger. Franz-Josef Spitze, Hung. Ferencz-Jósef Csúcs. l N Slovakia 49°12´N 20°09´E 108 E8 Gerlafingen Solothurn, NW Switzerland 47°10´N 07°35´E

Gerlsdorfer Spitze see Gerlachovský štít Germak see Germik

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

20 101

101 139 83

105

164 115 99 102 102 158 136

99 93 105 95 18 29 194 137 113 103 92 136 80 109 83

138 139 74 141 75 147 153 149 141 139 77 141

83 83 67 138 139

74 147 149 139 75 74 141

78 80 74 152 153 149 149

German East Africa see Tanzania Germanicopolis see Çankırı Germanicum, Mare/ German Ocean see North Sea Germanovichi see Hyermanavichy German Southwest Africa see Namibia E10 Germantown Tennessee, S USA 35°06´N 89°51´W I15 Germany off. Federal Republic of Germany, Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Ger. Deutschland. b federal republic N Europe Germany, Federal Republic of see Germany L23 Germering Bayern, SE Germany 48°07´N 11°22´E V3 Germik Ar. Garmik, var. Germak. As Sulaymānīyah, E Iraq 35°49´N 46°09´E J21 Germiston var. Gauteng. Gauteng, NE South Africa 26°15´S 28°10´E Gernika see Gernika-Lumo P2 Gernika-Lumo var. Gernika, Guernica, Guernica y Lumo. País Vasco, N Spain 43°19´N 02°40´W L12 Gero Gifu, Honshū, SW Japan 35°48´N 137°15´E F22 Geroliménas Pelopónnisos, S Greece 36°28´N 22°25´E Gerona see Girona H21 Gerpinnes Hainaut, S Belgium 50°20´N 04°38´E L15 Gers r department S France L14 Gers j S France Gerunda see Girona I13 Gêrzê var. Luring. Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 32°19´N 84°05´E K10 Gerze Sinop, N Turkey 41°48´N 35°13´E Gesoriacum see Boulogne-sur-Mer Gessoriacum see Boulogne-sur-Mer J21 Gesves Namur, SE Belgium 50°24´N 05°04´E J20 Geta Åland, SW Finland 60°22´N 19°49´E N8 Getafe Madrid, C Spain 40°18´N 03°44´W J21 Getinge Halland, S Sweden 56°46´N 12°42´E F16 Gettysburg Pennsylvania, NE USA 39°49´N 77°13´W N8 Gettysburg South Dakota, N USA 45°00´N 99°57´W K12 Getz Ice Shelf ice shelf Antarctica S15 Gevaş Van, SE Turkey 38°16´N 43°05´E Gevgeli see Gevgelija Q20 Gevgelija var. Ðevđelija, Djevdjelija, Turk. Gevgeli. SE Macedonia 41°09´N 22°30´E T10 Gex Ain, E France 46°21´N 06°02´E I3 Geysir physical region SW Iceland F11 Geyve Sakarya, NW Turkey 40°32´N 30°18´E G10 Gezira r state E Sudan V3 Gföhl Niederösterreich, N Austria 48°30´N 15°27´E H22 Ghaap Plateau Afr. Ghaapplato. plateau C South Africa Ghaapplato see Ghaap Plateau Ghaba see Al Ghābah J8 Ghāb, Tall l SE Syria 33°09´N 37°48´E Q9 Ghadaf, Wādī al dry watercourse C Iraq Ghadamès see Ghadāmis M9 Ghadāmis var. Ghadamès, Rhadames. W Libya 30°08´N 09°30´E Y10 Ghadan E Oman 20°20´N 57°58´E O10 Ghaddūwah C Libya 26°36´N 14°26´E Q11 Ghafurov Rus. Gafurov; prev. Sovetabad. NW Tajikistan 40°13´N 69°42´E N12 Ghāghara j S Asia P13 Ghaibi Dero Sind, SE Pakistan 27°35´N 67°42´E Y10 Ghalat E Oman 21°06´N 58°51´E W11 Ghamūkah, Hawr c S Iraq P15 Ghana off. Republic of Ghana. b republic W Africa X12 Ghānah spring/well S Oman 18°35´N 56°34´E Ghanongga see Ranongga Ghansi/Ghansiland see Ghanzi F18 Ghanzi var. Khanzi. Ghanzi, W Botswana 21°39´S 21°38´E G19 Ghanzi var. Ghansi, Ghansiland, Khanzi. r district C Botswana T14 Ghanzi var. Knanzi. j Botswana/South Africa Ghap’an see Kapan F13 Gharandal Al‘Aqabah, SW Jordan 30°12´N 35°18´E U14 Gharbīyah, Sha‘īb al j S Iraq Gharbt, Jabal al see Liban, Jebel K7 Ghardaïa N Algeria 32°30´N 03°44´E R12 Gharm Rus. Garm. C Tajikistan 39°03´N 70°25´E P17 Gharo Sind, SE Pakistan 24°44´N 67°35´E W10 Gharrāf, Shaţţ al j S Iraq Gharvān see Gharyān O7 Gharyān var. Gharvān. NW Libya 32°10´N 13°01´E M11 Ghāt var. Gat. SW Libya 24°58´N 10°11´E Ghawdex see Gozo U8 Ghayathi Abū aby, W United Arab Emirates 23°51´N 53°01´E Ghazāl, Baḩr al see Ghazal, Bahr el H9 Ghazal, Bahr el var. Soro. seasonal river C Chad E13 Ghazal, Bahr el var. Baḩr al Ghazāl. j N South Sudan H6 Ghazaouet NW Algeria 35°08´N 01°50´W J10 Ghāziābād Uttar Pradesh, N India 28°42´N 77°28´E O13 Ghāzīpur Uttar Pradesh, N India 25°36´N 83°36´E Q6 Ghaznī var. Ghazni. Ghaznī, E Afghanistan 33°31´N 68°24´E P7 Ghaznī r province SE Afghanistan Ghazzah see Gaza Gheel see Geel

Administrative Regions International Airport

Ghelîzâne see Relizane Ghent see Gent Gheorghe Braul see Sfântu Gheorghe, Braul Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej see Oneşti 116 J10 Gheorgheni prev. Gheorghieni, Sîn-Miclăuș, Ger. Niklasmarkt, Hung. Gyergyószentmiklós. Harghita, C Romania 116 H10

107 C18

103 Y15 147 Q11 153 T13 148 J5 149 R13 147 T13 153 R13 147 S14

141 T8 121 O14 126 J3 115 G17 167 U13 114 F13 107 F14 96 F13

167 S15 107 L24 44 I7 29 O16 32 K11 33 P11 64 A13 92 I9 104 I14 104 L16 104 L16

104 J17

31 S11 30 M13 180 L8 10 L17 149 N12 155 I17 25 U10 27 Y8 81 I15

118 H13 103 O7 101 G17 98 O6 23 Y13 9

O5

100 J12 11 P13

164 L13 164 K13

126 M13 40 E8 54 E12 114 I7 96 G12

46°43´N 25°36´E Gheorghieni see Gheorgheni Gherla Ger. Neuschliss, Hung. Szamosújvár; prev. Armenierstadt. Cluj, NW Romania 47°02´N 23°55´E Gheweifat see Ghuwayfāt Ghilan see Gīlān Ghilarza Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 40°09´N 08°50´E Ghilizane see Relizane Ghimbi see Gīmbī Ghiriș see Câmpia Turzii Ghisonaccia Corse, France, C Mediterranean Sea 42°00´N 09°25´E Ghonchí Rus. Ganchi. NW Tajikistan 39°57´N 69°10´E Ghoraghat Rajshahi, NW Bangladesh 25°18´N 89°20´E Ghōrīān prev. Ghūrīān. Herāt, W Afghanistan 34°20´N 61°26´E Ghotki Sind, SE Pakistan 28°00´N 69°21´E Ghowr see Gōwr Ghŭdara var. Gudara, Rus. Kudara. SE Tajikistan 38°28´N 72°39´E Ghugri j N India Ghund Rus. Gunt. j SE Tajikistan Ghurābīyah, Sha‘īb al see Gharbīyah, Sha‘īb al Ghurdaqah see Al Ghurdaqah Ghūrīān see Ghōrīān Ghuwayfāt var. Gheweifat. Abū aby, W United Arab Emirates 24°06´N 51°40´E Ghuzayyil, Sabkhat salt lake N Libya Ghzatsk Smolenskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 55°33´N 35°00´E Giáltra Évvoia, C Greece 38°21´N 22°58´E Giamame see Jamaame Gia Nghia var. Ðak Nông. Ðăc Lăc, S Vietnam 11°58´N 107°42´E Giannitsá var. Yiannitsá. Kentrikí Makedonía, N Greece 40°49´N 22°24´E Giannutri, Isola di island Archipelago Toscano, C Italy Giant’s Causeway Ir. Clochán an Aifir. lava flow N Northern Ireland, United Kingdom Gia Rai Minh Hai, S Vietnam 09°14´N 105°28´E Giarre Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 37°44´N 15°12´E Gibara Holguín, E Cuba 21°09´N 76°11´W Gibbon Nebraska, C USA 40°45´N 98°50´W Gibbon Oregon, NW USA 45°40´N 118°22´W Gibbonsville Idaho, NW USA 45°33´N 113°55´W Gibbs Hill hill S Bermuda Gibostad Troms, N Norway 69°21´N 18°01´E Gibraleón Andalucía, S Spain 37°23´N 06°58´W Gibraltar q (Gibraltar) S Gibraltar 36°08´N 05°21´W Gibraltar p UK dependent territory SW Europe

Gibraltar, Détroit de/ Gibraltar, Estrecho de see Gibraltar, Strait of Gibraltar, Strait of Fr. Détroit de Gibraltar, Sp. Estrecho de Gibraltar. strait Atlantic Ocean/ Mediterranean Sea Gibsonburg Ohio, N USA 41°22´N 83°19´W Gibson City Illinois, N USA 40°27´N 88°24´W Gibson Desert desert Western Australia Gibsons British Columbia, SW Canada 49°24´N 123°32´W Gīdār Baluchistān, SW Pakistan 28°16´N 66°00´E Giddalūr Andhra Pradesh, E India 15°24´N 78°54´E Giddings Texas, SW USA 30°12´N 96°59´W Gideon Missouri, C USA 36°27´N 89°55´W Gīdolē Southern Nationalities, S Ethiopia 05°31´N 37°26´E Giebnegáisi see Kebnekaise Giedraičiai Utena, E Lithuania 55°05´N 25°16´E Gien Loiret, C France 47°40´N 02°37´E Giessen Hessen, W Germany 50°35´N 08°41´E Gieten Drenthe, NE Netherlands 53°00´N 06°43´E Gifford Florida, SE USA 27°40´N 80°24´W Gifford j Baffin Island, Nunavut, NE Canada Gifhorn Niedersachsen, N Germany 52°28´N 10°33´E Gift Lake Alberta, W Canada 55°49´N 115°57´W Giftokastro see Tsigansko Gradishte Gifu var. Gihu. Gifu, Honshū, SW Japan 35°24´N 136°46´E Gifu off. Gifu-ken, var. Gihu. r prefecture Honshū, SW Japan Gifu-ken see Gifu Gigant Rostovskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 46°29´N 41°18´E Giganta, Sierra de la m NW Mexico Gigante Huila, S Colombia 02°24´N 75°34´W Gigen Pleven, N Bulgaria 43°40´N 24°31´E Giggiga see Jijiga Gigha Island island SW Scotland, United Kingdom

Mountain Mountain Range

Volcano River

107 E14 Giglio, Isola del island Archipelago Toscano, C Italy Gihu see Gifu 146 L11 G‘ijduvon Rus. Gizhduvon. Buxoro Viloyati, C Uzbekistan 40°06´N 64°38´E Gijón var. Xixón. Asturias, NW Spain 43°32´N 05°40´W 81 D20 Gikongoro SW Rwanda 02°30´S 29°32´E 36 K14 Gila Bend Arizona, SW USA 32°57´N 112°43´W

104 L2

36 J14 Gila Bend Mountains m Arizona, SW USA 36 I15 Gila Mountains m Arizona, SW USA 37 N14 Gila Mountains m Arizona, SW USA 142 M4 Gīlān off. Ostān-e Gīlān, var. Ghilan, Guilan. r province NW Iran Gīlān, Ostān-e see Gīlān 36 L14 Gila River j Arizona, SW USA 29 W4 Gilbert Minnesota, N USA 47°29´N 92°27´W

Gilbert Islands see Tungaru 10 L16 Gilbert, Mount l British Columbia, SW Canada

121 105 105 102 102 105 103 97 24 184 184

50°49´N 124°03´W

181 U4 Gilbert River j Queensland, NE Australia 0 C6 Gilbert Seamounts undersea feature NE Pacific Ocean 33 S7

52°50´N 150°10´W

Gildford Montana, NW USA 48°34´N 110°21´W

83 P15 Gilé Zambézia, NE Mozambique 16°10´S 28°17´E

Gile Flowage c Wisconsin, N USA 182 G7 Giles, Lake salt lake South Australia Gilf Kebir Plateau see Haḑabat al Jilf al Kabīr 183 R6 Gilgandra New South Wales, SE Australia 30 K4

81 183 149 149 11 95 30 27 33 97 195 173 65 30 25 81 35 123 99 165 80 163 163 45 11 95 102 171 182 99 180 171 81 107 107 115 107 105

30 27 25 54 172 83 96 137 137

31°43´S 148°39´E Gîlgău see Gâlgău I19 Gilgil Nakuru, SW Kenya 0°29´S 36°19´E S4 Gil Gil Creek j New South Wales, SE Australia V3 Gilgit Jammu and Kashmir, NE Pakistan 35°54´N 74°20´E V3 Gilgit j N Pakistan X11 Gillam Manitoba, C Canada 56°25´N 94°45´W J22 Gilleleje Hovedstaden, E Denmark 56°05´N 12°17´E K14 Gillespie Illinois, N USA 39°07´N 89°49´W W13 Gillett Arkansas, C USA 34°07´N 91°22´W X12 Gillette Wyoming, C USA 44°17´N 105°30´W P22 Gillingham SE England, United Kingdom 51°24´N 00°33´E X6 Gillock Island island Antarctica O16 Gillot k (St-Denis) N Réunion 20°53´S 55°31´E H25 Gill Point headland E Saint Helena 15°59´S 05°38´W M12 Gilman Illinois, N USA 40°44´N 87°58´W W6 Gilmer Texas, SW USA 32°44´N 94°58´W Gilolo see Halmahera, Pulau G14 Gīlo Wenz j SW Ethiopia O10 Gilroy California, W USA 37°00´N 121°34´W Q12 Gilyuy j SE Russian Federation I14 Gilze Noord-Brabant, S Netherlands 51°33´N 04°56´E R16 Gima Okinawa, Kume-jima, SW Japan H13 Gīmbī It. Ghimbi. Oromīya, C Ethiopia 09°13´N 35°39´E Y15 Gimcheon prev. Kimch’ŏn. C South Korea 36°08´N 128°06´E Z16 Gimhae prev. Kim Hae. k (Busan) SE South Korea 35°10´N 128°57´E T12 Gimie, Mount l C Saint Lucia 13°51´N 61°00´W X16 Gimli Manitoba, S Canada 50°39´N 97°00´W Gimma see Jīma O14 Gimo Uppsala, C Sweden 60°11´N 18°12´E L15 Gimone j S France Gimpoe see Gimpu N12 Gimpu prev. Gimpoe. Sulawesi, C Indonesia 01°38´S 120°00´E F5 Gina South Australia 29°56´S 134°33´E Ginevra see Genève J19 Gingelom Limburg, NE Belgium 50°46´N 05°09´E I12 Gingin Western Australia 31°22´S 115°51´E Q7 Gingoog Mindanao, S Philippines 08°47´N 125°05´E K14 Gīnīr Oromīya, C Ethiopia 07°12´N 40°43´E Giohar see Jawhar O17 Gióia del Colle Puglia, SE Italy 40°47´N 16°56´E M22 Gioia, Golfo di gulf S Italy Giona see Gkióna I16 Gioúra island Vóreies Sporádes, Greece, Aegean Sea O17 Giovinazzo Puglia, SE Italy 41°11´N 16°40´E Gipeswic see Ipswich P3 Gipuzkoa Cast. guipuzcoa. r province País Vasco, N Spain Giran see Ilan K14 Girard Illinois, N USA 39°27´N 89°46´W R7 Girard Kansas, C USA 37°30´N 94°50´W O6 Girard Texas, SW USA 33°18´N 100°38´W E10 Girardot Cundinamarca, C Colombia 04°19´N 74°47´W M7 Giraud Seamount undersea feature SW Indian Ocean 09°57´S 46°55´E A15 Giraul j SW Angola L9 Girdle Ness headland NE Scotland, United Kingdom 57°09´N 02°04´W N11 Giresun var. Kerasunt; anc. Cerasus, Pharnacia. Giresun, NE Turkey 40°55´N 38°35´E N12 Giresun var. Kerasunt. r province NE Turkey

137 N12 Giresun Dağları m N Turkey Girga see Jirjā Girgeh see Jirjā Girgenti see Agrigento 153 Q15 Girīdīh Jhārkhand, NE India 24°10´N 86°20´E

Lake Reservoir

Girilambone New South Wales, SE Australia 31°19´S 146°57´E Girin see Jilin W10 Girne Gk. Kerýneia, Kyrenia. N Cyprus 35°20´N 33°20´E Giron see Kiruna X5 Girona var. Gerona; anc. Gerunda. Cataluña, NE Spain 41°59´N 02°49´E W5 Girona var. Gerona. r province Cataluña, NE Spain J12 Gironde r department SW France J11 Gironde estuary SW France V5 Gironella Cataluña, NE Spain 42°02´N 01°53´E N15 Girou j S France H14 Girvan W Scotland, United Kingdom 55°14´N 04°53´W M9 Girvin Texas, SW USA 31°05´N 102°24´W Q9 Gisborne Gisborne, North Island, New Zealand 38°41´S 178°01´E P9 Gisborne off. Gisborne District. r unitary authority North Island, New Zealand Gisborne District see Gisborne Giseifu see Uijeongbu Gisenye see Gisenyi D19 Gisenyi var. Gisenye. NW Rwanda 01°42´S 29°18´E K20 Gislaved Jönköping, S Sweden 57°19´N 13°30´E N4 Gisors Eure, N France 49°18´N 01°46´E Gissar see Hisor P12 Gissar Range Rus. Gissarskiy Khrebet. m Tajikistan/Uzbekistan Gissarskiy Khrebet see Gissar Range B16 Gistel West-Vlaanderen, W Belgium 51°09´N 02°58´E F9 Giswil Obwalden, C Switzerland 46°49´N 08°11´E B16 Gitánes ancient monument Ípeiros, W Greece E20 Gitarama C Rwanda 02°05´S 29°45´E E20 Gitega C Burundi 03°20´S 29°56´E Githio see Gýtheio H11 Giubiasco Ticino, S Switzerland 46°11´N 09°01´E K13 Giulianova Abruzzi, C Italy 42°45´N 13°58´E Giulie, Alpi see Julian Alps Giumri see Gyumri M13 Giurgeni Ialomia, SE Romania 44°45´N 27°48´E J15 Giurgiu Giurgiu, S Romania 43°54´N 25°58´E J14 Giurgiu r county SE Romania F22 Give Syddanmark, C Denmark 55°51´N 09°15´E R2 Givet Ardennes, N France 50°08´N 04°50´E R11 Givors Rhône, E France 45°35´N 04°47´E K19 Giyani Limpopo, NE South Africa 23°20´S 30°37´E I13 Giyon Oromīya, C Ethiopia 08°31´N 37°56´E W8 Giza var. Al Jīzah, El Gîza, Gizeh. N Egypt 30°01´N 31°13´E V8 Giza, Pyramids of ancient monument N  Egypt Gizhduvon see G‘ijduvon U8 Gizhiga Magadanskaya Oblast’, E Russian Federation 61°58´N 160°16´E T9 Gizhiginskaya Guba bay E Russian Federation K8 Gizo Gizo, NW Solomon Islands 08°03´S 156°49´E N7 Giżycko Ger. Lötzen. Warmińsko-Mazurskie, NE Poland 54°03´N 21°48´E Gízymałów see Hrymayliv M17 Gjakovë Serb. Ðakovica. W Kosovo 42°22´N 20°30´E F12 Gjende c S Norway L16 Gjeravicë Serb. Ðeravica. l S Serbia 42°33´N 20°08´E F17 Gjerstad Aust-Agder, S Norway 58°54´N 09°03´E O17 Gjilan Serb. Gnjilane. E Kosovo 42°27´N 21°28´E Gjinokastër see Gjirokastër L23 Gjirokastër var. Gjirokastra; prev. Gjinokastër, Gk. Argyrokastron, It. Argirocastro. Gjirokastër, S Albania 40°04´N 20°09´E L22 Gjirokastër r district S Albania Gjirokastra see Gjirokastër N7 Gjoa Haven var. Uqsuqtuuq. King William Island, Nunavut, NW Canada 68°38´N 95°57´W H13 Gjøvik Oppland, S Norway 60°47´N 10°40´E J22 Gjuhëzës, Kepi i headland SW Albania 40°25´N 19°19´E Gjurgjevac see Ðurđevac E18 Gkióna var. Giona. m C Greece R3 Gkréko, Akrotíri var. Cape Greco, Pidálion. cape E Cyprus I18 Glabbeek-Zuurbemde Vlaams Brabant, C Belgium 50°54´N 04°58´E R14 Glace Bay Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, SE Canada 46°12´N 59°57´W O16 Glacier British Columbia, SW Canada 51°12´N 117°33´W W12 Glacier Bay inlet Alaska, USA I7 Glacier Peak l Washington, NW USA 48°06´N 121°06´W N13 Gladaindong Feng l C China 33°24´N 91°00´E Q7 Glade Spring Virginia, NE USA 36°47´N 81°46´W W7 Gladewater Texas, SW USA 32°32´N 94°57´W Y8 Gladstone Queensland, E Australia 23°52´S 151°16´E I8 Gladstone South Australia 33°16´S 138°21´E X16 Gladstone Manitoba, S Canada 50°12´N 98°56´W O5 Gladstone Michigan, N USA 45°51´N 87°01´W R4 Gladstone Missouri, C USA 39°12´N 94°33´W Q7 Gladwin Michigan, N USA 43°58´N 84°29´W J15 Glafsfjorden c C Sweden H2 Gláma physical region NW Iceland I12 Gláma var. Glommen. j S Norway

183 P6

81 95 103 147

99 108 115 81 81 108 106

116 116 116 95 103 103 83 80 75 75 123 123 186 110

113 94 113 95 113 113

113 9 94 113 115 121 99 13 11 39 32 159 21 43 181 182 11 31 27 31 95 92 94

253

Glamoč – Gourin 112 F13 Glamoč Federacija Bosne I Hercegovine, NE Boznia and Herzegovina 44°01´N 16°51´E 97 J22 Glamorgan cultural region S Wales, United Kingdom 95 G24 Glamsbjerg Syddtjylland, C Denmark

111 J16 Gliwice Ger. Gleiwitz. Śląskie, S Poland

171 Q8

108 L9

109 T9 101 F19 95 M17 108 H9 108 H8 108 H9

27 N3 96 I12 20 K7 27 T4 33 W7 21 T6 96 I12 11 S14 18 I16 24 L10 97 K23

101 N16

127 T1

109 U8 109 W8 39 S11 102 F7 185 G21 10 H5 21 X3 36 L8 36 L8 30 K15 14 E17 83 K22 29 U9 96 H10 36 K13 35 S15 182 G5 33 Y8 33 Y15

55°17´N 10°07´E Glan Mindanao, S Philippines 05°49´N 125°11´E Glan j SE Austria Glan j W Germany Glan c S Sweden Glaris see Glarus Glarner Alpen Eng. Glarus Alps. m E Switzerland Glarus Glarus, E Switzerland 47°03´N 09°04´E Glarus Fr. Glaris. r canton C Switzerland Glarus Alps see Glarner Alpen Glasco Kansas, C USA 39°21´N 97°50´W Glasgow S Scotland, United Kingdom 55°53´N 04°15´W Glasgow Kentucky, S USA 37°00´N 85°54´W Glasgow Missouri, C USA 39°13´N 92°51´W Glasgow Montana, NW USA 48°12´N 106°37´W Glasgow Virginia, NE USA 37°37´N 79°27´W Glasgow k W Scotland, United Kingdom 55°52´N 04°27´W Glaslyn Saskatchewan, S Canada 53°20´N 108°18´W Glassboro New Jersey, NE USA 39°40´N 75°05´W Glass Mountains m Texas, SW USA Glastonbury SW England, United Kingdom 51°09´N 02°43´W Glatz see Kłodzko Glauchau Sachsen, E Germany 50°48´N 12°32´E Glavn’a Morava see Velika Morava Glavnik see Gllamnik Glazov Udmurtskaya Respublika, NW Russian Federation 58°06´N 52°38´E Głda see Gwda Gleinalpe m SE Austria Gleisdorf Steiermark, SE Austria 47°07´N 15°43´E Gleiwitz see Gliwice Glenallen Alaska, USA 62°06´N 145°33´W Glénan, Îles island group NW France Glenavy Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand 44°53´S 171°04´E Glenboyle Yukon, NW Canada 63°55´N 138°43´W Glen Burnie Maryland, NE USA 39°09´N 76°37´W Glen Canyon canyon Utah, W USA Glen Canyon Dam dam Arizona, SW USA Glen Carbon Illinois, N USA 38°45´N 89°58´W Glencoe Ontario, S Canada 42°44´N 81°42´W Glencoe KwaZulu/Natal, E South Africa 28°10´S 30°15´E Glencoe Minnesota, N USA 44°46´N 94°09´W Glen Coe valley N Scotland, United Kingdom Glendale Arizona, SW USA 33°32´N 112°11´W Glendale California, W USA 34°09´N 118°20´W Glendambo South Australia 30°59´S 135°45´E Glendive Montana, NW USA 47°08´N 104°42´W Glendo Wyoming, C USA 42°27´N 105°01´W

113 N16 36 M14

116 L9 109 S9

109 W6 110 F13

111 I16 92 G12

93 I14 172 I1

65 C25

37 N16 33 N15 23 W6 10 J10 182 M11 183 V5 33 X15 96 K11 18 L9 97 D14 28 L5 21 R4 27 T12 29 S15 29 T7 36 L5 30 I5

37 Q4 Glenwood Springs Colorado, C USA 39°33´N 107°21´W

108 F10 Gletsch Valais, S Switzerland 46°34´N 08°21´E Glevum see Gloucester 29 U14 Glidden Iowa, C USA 42°03´N 94°43´W 112 E9 Glina var. Banijska Palanka. Sisak-Moslavina, NE Croatia 45°19´N 16°07´E 94 F11 Glittertind l S Norway 61°24´N 08°19´E

254

111 K22 62 H11 11 Y11 11 X13

183 U7 186 F7 97 L21

19 P10 21 X6 97 K21 31 T14 42 H3 18 K10 110 K12 111 H16 126 L11 145 W9

111 H16 100 I9

95 F21 127 Q9 109 R8

109 S5 94 N10

95 O16 110 H11

95 K20 155 E17 155 E17

60°36´N 172°57´W Gloster Mississippi, S USA 31°12´N 91°01´W Gloucester New South Wales, SE Australia 32°01´S 152°00´E Gloucester New Britain, E Papua New Guinea 05°30´S 148°30´E Gloucester hist. Caer Glou, Lat. Glevum. C England, United Kingdom 51°53´N 02°14´W Gloucester Massachusetts, NE USA 42°36´N 70°36´W Gloucester Virginia, NE USA 37°26´N 76°33´W Gloucestershire cultural region C England, United Kingdom Glouster Ohio, N USA 39°30´N 82°04´W Glovers Reef reef E Belize Gloversville New York, NE USA 43°03´N 74°20´W Głowno Łódź, C Poland 51°58´N 19°43´E Głubczyce Ger. Leobschütz. Opolskie, S Poland 50°13´N 17°50´E Glubokiy Rostovskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 48°34´N 40°16´E Glubokoye Vostochnyy Kazakhstan, E Kazakhstan 50°08´N 82°16´E Glubokoye see Hlybokaye Głuchołazy Ger. Ziegenhais. Opolskie, S Poland 50°20´N 17°23´E Glückstadt SchleswigHolstein, N Germany 53°47´N 09°26´E Glukhov see Hlukhiv Glushkevichi see Hlushkavichy Glusk/Glussk see Hlusk Glybokaya see Hlyboka Glyngøre Midtjylland, NW Denmark 56°45´N 08°55´E Gmelinka Volgogradskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 50°50´N 46°51´E Gmünd Kärnten, S Austria 46°56´N 13°32´E Gmünd Niederösterreich, N Austria 48°47´N 14°59´E Gmünd see Schwäbisch Gmünd Gmunden Oberösterreich, N Austria 47°56´N 13°48´E Gmundner See see Traunsee Gnarp Gävleborg, C Sweden 62°03´N 17°19´E Gnas Steiermark, SE Austria 46°53´N 15°48´E Gnaviyani see Fuammulah Gnesen see Gniezno Gnesta Södermanland, C Sweden 59°05´N 17°20´E Gniezno Ger. Gnesen. Weilkopolskie, C Poland 52°33´N 17°35´E Gnjilane see Gjilan Gnosjö Jönköping, S Sweden 57°22´N 13°44´E Goa prev. Old Goa, Vela Goa, Velha Goa. Goa, W India 15°31´N 73°56´E Goa var. Old Goa. r state W India Goabddális see Kåbdalis

42 H7 Goascorán, Río j El Salvador/Honduras 77 O16 Goaso var. Gawso. W Ghana 06°49´N 02°27´W

81 K14 Goba Oromīya, C Ethiopia

07°02´N 39°58´E 83 C20 Gobabed Erongo, W Namibia 23°36´S 15°03´E 83 E19 Gobabis Omaheke, E Namibia 22°25´S 18°58´E Gobannium see Abergavenny 64 M7 Goban Spur undersea feature NW Atlantic Ocean

63 H21 Gobernador Gregores Santa Cruz, S Argentina 48°43´S 70°21´W

61 F14 Gobernador Ingeniero Virasoro Corrientes, NE Argentina 28°06´S 56°00´W 162 L12 Gobi desert China/Mongolia 164 I14 Gobō Wakayama, Honshū, SW Japan 33°52´N 135°09´E Gobolka Awdal see Awdal Gobolka Sool see Sool 101 D14 Goch Nordrhein-Westfalen, W Germany 51°41´N 06°10´E 83 E20 Gochas Hardap, S Namibia 24°54´S 18°43´E 155 I14 Godāvari var. Godavari. j C India Godavari see Godāvari

155 L16 Godāvari, Mouths of the delta E India 15 V5 Godbout Québec, SE Canada 15 U5 15 U5

49°19´N 67°37´W Godbout j Québec, SE Canada Godbout Est j Québec, SE Canada

Country Country Capital

43°43´N 81°43´W Godhavn see Qeqertarsuaq Godhra Gujarāt, W India 22°49´N 73°40´E Göding see Hodonín Gödöllő Pest, N Hungary 47°36´N 19°20´E Godoy Cruz Mendoza, W Argentina 32°59´S 68°49´W Gods j Manitoba, C Canada Gods Lake c Manitoba, C Canada

11 Y13 Gods Lake Narrows Manitoba, C Canada

13 O7 98 E13 99 F15

19 O10

30 K3

109 W8

10 I7

154 E10

22 J7

181 P7

31 P6

37°39´N 97°34´W

14 E15 Goderich Ontario, S Canada

14 E8

109 U2

183 U5

27 N6 Goddard Kansas, C USA

38 J12 Glory of Russia Cape headland Saint Matthew Island, Alaska, USA

55 S10 Glendor Mountains C Guyana 182 K12 Glenelg River j South Australia/Victoria, SE Australia 29 P4 Glenfield North Dakota, N USA 47°25´N 98°33´W 25 V12 Glen Flora Texas, SW USA

29°22´N 96°12´W Glen Helen Northern Territory, N Australia 23°45´S 132°46´E Glen Innes New South Wales, SE Australia 29°42´S 151°45´E Glen Lake c Michigan, N USA Glenlyon Peak l Yukon, W Canada 62°32´N 134°51´W Glenn, Mount l Arizona, SW USA 31°55´N 110°00´W Glenns Ferry Idaho, NW USA 42°57´N 115°18´W Glennville Georgia, SE USA 31°56´N 81°55´W Glenora British Columbia, W Canada 57°52´N 131°16´W Glenorchy Victoria, SE Australia 36°56´S 142°39´E Glenreagh New South Wales, SE Australia 30°04´S 153°00´E Glenrock Wyoming, C USA 42°51´N 105°52´W Glenrothes E Scotland, United Kingdom 56°11´N 03°09´W Glens Falls New York, NE USA 43°18´N 73°38´W Glenties Ir. Na Gleannta. Donegal, NW Ireland 54°47´N 08°17´W Glen Ullin North Dakota, N USA 46°49´N 101°49´W Glenville West Virginia, NE USA 38°57´N 80°51´W Glenwood Arkansas, C USA 34°19´N 93°33´W Glenwood Iowa, C USA 41°03´N 95°44´W Glenwood Minnesota, N USA 45°39´N 95°23´W Glenwood Utah, W USA 38°45´N 111°59´W Glenwood City Wisconsin, N USA 45°04´N 92°11´W

50°19´N 18°49´E Gllamnik Serb. Glavnik. N Kosovo 42°53´N 21°10´E Globe Arizona, SW USA 33°24´N 110°47´W Globino see Hlobyne Glockturm l SW Austria 46°54´N 10°42´E Glodeni Rus. Glodyany. N Moldova 47°47´N 27°33´E Glödnitz Kärnten, S Austria 46°57´N 14°03´E Glodyany see Glodeni Glogau see Głogów Gloggnitz Niederösterreich, E Austria 47°41´N 15°57´E Głogów Ger. Glogau, Glogow. Dolnośląskie, SW Poland 51°40´N 16°04´E Glogow see Głogów Głogówek Ger. Oberglogau. Opolskie, S Poland 50°21´N 17°51´E Glomfjord Nordland, C Norway 66°49´N 14°00´E Glomma see Gláma Glommen see Gláma Glommersträsk Norrbotten, N Sweden 65°17´N 19°40´E Glorieuses, Îles Eng. Glorioso Islands. island (to France) N Madagascar Glorioso Islands see Glorieuses, Îles Glorious Hill hill East Falkland, Falkland Islands

30 L3

137 V13

124 F12 111 I15 77 S14 152 I10 59 K18 59 K18 59 K18 59 J18

159 R14 60 H10 99 I15 104 H8 165 Q8 149 U9 136 A11

146 F13

136 I10 136 C16 136 K15 136 L15 136 I17 83 J16 94 F13 153 X12 110 H10 138 G8

143 T11 136 M15 109 P9 30 M17 35 T3 136 E11 108 I7 110 N7 32 E15 183 V3 68 D12 39 R10 11 O16 37 T4 184 I13 27 R7 32 I11 44 L13 14 J12 22 K10

54°29´N 94°21´W Godthaab/Godthåb see Nuuk Godwin Austen, Mount see K2 Goede Hoop, Kaap de see Good Hope, Cape of Goedgegun see Nhlangano Goeie Hoop, Kaap die see Good Hope, Cape of Goélands, Lac aux c Québec, SE Canada Goeree island SW Netherlands Goes Zeeland, SW Netherlands 51°30´N 03°55´E Goettingen see Göttingen Goffstown New Hampshire, NE USA 43°01´N 71°34´W Gogama Ontario, S Canada 47°42´N 81°44´W Gogebic, Lake c Michigan, N USA Gogebic Range hill range Michigan/Wisconsin, N USA Gogi Lerr see Gogi, Mount Gogi, Mount Arm. Gogi Lerr, Az. Küküdağ. l Armenia/Azerbaijan 39°33´N 45°35´E Gogland, Ostrov island NW Russian Federation Gogolin Opolskie, S Poland 50°28´N 18°04´E Gogonou see Gogounou Gogounou var. Gogonou. N Benin 10°50´N 02°50´E Gohāna Haryāna, N India 29°06´N 76°43´E Goianésia Goiás, C Brazil 15°21´S 49°02´W Goiânia prev. Goyania. state capital Goiás, C Brazil 16°43´S 49°18´W Goiás Goiás, C Brazil 15°57´S 50°07´W Goiás off. Estado de Goiás; prev. Goiaz, Goyaz. r state C Brazil Goiás, Estado de see Goiás Goiaz see Goiás Goidhoo Atoll see Horsburgh Atoll Goinsargoin Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 31°56´N 98°04´E Goio-Erê Paraná, SW Brazil 24°08´S 53°07´W Goirle Noord-Brabant, S Netherlands 51°31´N 05°04´E Góis Coimbra, N Portugal 40°10´N 08°06´W Gojōme Akita, Honshū, NW Japan 39°55´N 140°07´E Gojra Punjab, E Pakistan 31°10´N 72°43´E Gökçeada var. Imroz Adasī, Gk. Imbros. island NW Turkey Gökçeada see İmroz Gökdepe Rus. Gëkdepe, Geok-Tepe. Ahal Welaýaty, C Turkmenistan 38°05´N 58°08´E Gökırmak j N Turkey Goklenkuy, Solonchak see Geklengkui, Solonchak Gökova Körfezi gulf SW Turkey Göksu j S Turkey Göksun Kahramanmaraş, C Turkey 38°03´N 36°30´E Göksu Nehri j S Turkey Gokwe Midlands, NW Zimbabwe 18°13´S 28°55´E Gol Buskerud, S Norway 60°42´N 08°57´E Golāghāt Assam, NE India 26°31´N 93°54´E Gołańcz Wielkopolskie, C Poland 52°57´N 17°17´E Golan Heights Ar. Al Jawlān, Heb. HaGolan. m SW Syria Golārā see Ārān-va-Bidgol Golaya Pristan see Hola Prystan’ Golbāf Kermān, C Iran 29°51´N 57°44´E Gölbaşı Adıyaman, S Turkey 37°46´N 37°40´E Gölbner l SW Austria 46°51´N 12°31´E Golconda Illinois, N USA 37°20´N 88°29´W Golconda Nevada, W USA 40°56´N 117°29´W Gölcük Kocaeli, NW Turkey 40°44´N 29°50´E Goldach Sankt Gallen, NE Switzerland 47°28´N 09°28´E Gołdap Ger. Goldap. Warmińsko-Mazurskie, NE Poland 54°19´N 22°23´E Gold Beach Oregon, NW USA 42°25´N 124°27´W Goldberg see Złotoryja Gold Coast cultural region Queensland, E Australia Gold Coast coastal region S Ghana Gold Creek Alaska, USA 62°48´N 149°40´W Golden British Columbia, SW Canada 51°19´N 116°58´W Golden Colorado, C USA 39°40´N 105°12´W Golden Bay bay South Island, New Zealand Golden City Missouri, C USA 37°23´N 94°05´W Goldendale Washington, NW USA 45°49´N 120°49´W Goldener Tisch see Zlatý Stôl Golden Grove E Jamaica 17°56´N 76°17´W Golden Lake c Ontario, SE Canada Golden Meadow Louisiana, S USA 29°22´N 90°15´W Golden Sands see Zlatni Pyasatsi Golden State, The see California

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

83 K16 Golden Valley Mashonaland West, N Zimbabwe 35 U9

10 K17 21 V10 24 M8 25 R8 137 R11

18°11´S 29°50´E Goldfield Nevada, W USA 37°42´N 117°15´W Goldingen see Kuldīga Goldmarkt see Zlatna Gold River Vancouver Island, British Columbia, SW Canada 49°41´N 126°05´W Goldsboro North Carolina, SE USA 35°23´N 78°00´W Goldsmith Texas, SW USA 31°58´N 102°36´W Goldthwaite Texas, SW USA 31°28´N 98°35´W Göle Ardahan, NE Turkey 40°47´N 42°36´E Golema Ada see Ostrovo

114 H9 Golema Planina m W Bulgaria 114 F9 Golemi Vrah var. Golemi Vrŭkh. l W Bulgaria

Gongliu var. Tokkuztara. Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 43°29´N 82°16´E 77 W14 Gongola j E Nigeria Gongoleh State see Jonglei 183 P5 Gongolgon New South Wales, SE Australia 158 I5

30°19´S 146°57´E

159 Q6 Gongpoquan Gansu, N China 41°45´N 100°27´E Gongquan see Gongxian Gongtang see Damxung 160 I10 Gongxian var. Gongquan, Gong Xian. Sichuan, C China 157 V10 159 S14 107 B20

42°41´N 22°38´E

110 D8 143 R3

35 Q14 43 O16 25 T13 113 L14 113 O16 136 M12 109 X3 159 P10

103 Y14

39 N9 142 M7

96 J7 112 O11 110 J9 145 S7 82 B11 114 M8

114 L8

114 H11 114 I12 114 I11 79 P19 153 N13 77 X14 67 U10 77 Y14

64 N11 40 I5 40 L8 158 J13 143 T6 44 L8 123 Q12 44 L9 44 K9

44 K9 143 Q3 152 M12 80 I11 78 J13 154 J12 104 G6 136 C12 136 C12 159 O15

159 N16 160 G9 159 T10

Golemi Vrŭkh see Golemi Vrah Goleniów Ger. Gollnow. Zachodnio-pomorskie, NW Poland 53°34´N 14°48´E Golestān off. Ostān-e Golestān. r province N Iran Golestān, Ostān-e see Golestān Goleta California, W USA 34°26´N 119°50´W Golfito Puntarenas, SE Costa Rica 08°42´N 83°10´W Goliad Texas, SW USA 28°40´N 97°26´W Golija m SW Serbia Golinka see Gongbo’gyamda Goljak m SE Serbia Gölköy Ordu, N Turkey 40°42´N 37°37´E Gollel see Lavumisa Göllersbach j NE Austria Gollnow see Goleniów Golmo see Golmud Golmud var. Ge’e’mu, Golmo, Chin. Ko-erhmu. Qinghai, C China 36°23´N 94°56´E Golo j Corse, France, C Mediterranean Sea Golovanevsk see Holovanivs’k Golovchin see Halowchyn Golovin Alaska, USA 64°33´N 162°54´W Golpāyegān var. Gulpaigan. Eşfahān, W Iran 33°23´N 50°18´E Golshan see abas Gol’shany see Hal’shany Golspie N Scotland, United Kingdom 57°59´N 03°56´W Golubac Serbia, NE Serbia 44°38´N 21°36´E Golub-Dobrzyń Kujawskipomorskie, C Poland 53°07´N 19°03´E Golubovka Pavlodar, N Kazakhstan 53°07´N 74°11´E Golungo Alto Kwanza Norte, NW Angola 09°10´S 14°45´E Golyama Kamchia var. Golyama Kamchiya. j E Bulgaria Golyama Kamchiya see Golyama Kamchia Golyama Reka j N Bulgaria Golyama Syutka see Golyama Syutkya Golyama Syutkya var. Golyama Syutka. l SW Bulgaria 41°55´N 24°03´E Golyam Perelik l S Bulgaria 41°37´N 24°34´E Golyam Persenk l S Bulgaria 41°50´N 24°33´E Goma Nord-Kivu, NE Dem. Rep. Congo 01°36´S 29°08´E Gomati var. Gumti. j N India Gombe Gombe, E Nigeria 10°19´N 11°02´E Gombe var. Igombe. j E Tanzania Gombi Adamawa, E Nigeria 10°07´N 12°45´E Gombroon see Bandar-e ‘Abbās Gomel’ see Homyel’ Gomel’skaya Oblast’ see Homyel’skaya Voblasts’ Gomera island Islas Canarias, Spain, NE Atlantic Ocean Gómez Farías Chihuahua, N Mexico 29°25´N 107°46´W Gómez Palacio Durango, C Mexico 25°39´N 103°30´W Gomo Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 33°37´N 86°40´E Gonābād var. Gunabad. Khorāsān-e Raẕavī, NE Iran 36°30´N 59°18´E Gonaïves var. Les Gonaïves. N Haiti 19°26´N 72°41´W Gonam j NE Russian Federation Gonâve, Canal de la var. Canal de Sud. channel N Caribbean Sea Gonâve, Golfe de la gulf N Caribbean Sea Gonāveh see Bandar-e Gonāveh Gonâve, Île de la island C Haiti Gonbadān see Do Gonbadān Gonbad-e Kāvūs var. Gunbad-i-Qawus. Golestán, N Iran 37°15´N 55°11´E Gonda Uttar Pradesh, N India 27°08´N 81°58´E Gondar see Gonder Gonder var. Gondar. Āmara, NW Ethiopia 12°36´N 37°27´E Gondey Moyen-Chari, S Chad 09°07´N 19°10´E Gondia Mahārāshtra, C India 21°27´N 80°12´E Gondomar Porto, NW Portugal 41°10´N 08°35´W Gönen Balıkesir, W Turkey 40°06´N 27°39´E Gönen Çayı j NW Turkey Gongbo’gyamda var. Golinka. Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 30°03´N 93°10´E Gongchang see Longxi Gonggar var. Gyixong. Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 29°18´N 90°56´E Gongga Shan l C China 29°50´N 101°55´E Gonghe var. Qabqa. Qinghai, C China 36°20´N 100°46´E Gongjiang see Yudu

Administrative Regions International Airport

115 F15

35 O11 22 J9 25 T12 41 P11 21 V6

28°25´N 104°51´E Gong Xian see Gongxian Gongzhuling prev. Huaide. Jilin, NE China 43°30´N 124°48´E Gonjo Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 30°51´N 98°16´E Gonnesa Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 39°15´N 08°27´E Gonni/Gónnos see Gónnoi Gónnoi var. Gonni, Gónnos; prev. Derelí. Thessalía, C Greece 39°52´N 22°27´E Gōnoura see Iki Gonzales California, W USA 36°30´N 121°26´W Gonzales Louisiana, S USA 30°14´N 90°55´W Gonzales Texas, SW USA 29°31´N 97°29´W González Tamaulipas, C Mexico 22°50´N 98°25´W Goochland Virginia, NE USA 37°42´N 77°54´W

19 N6 Gore Mountain l Vermont, NE USA 44°55´N 71°47´W 39 R13 Gore Point headland Alaska, USA 59°12´N 150°57´W 37 R4 Gore Range m Colorado, C USA 97 F19 Gorey Ir. Guaire. Wexford, SE Ireland 52°40´N 06°18´W 143 R12 Gorgāb Kermān, S Iran 143 Q4 Gorgān var. Astarabad, Astrabad, Gurgan, prev. Asterābād; anc. Hyrcania. Golestán, N Iran 36°53´N 54°28´E

143 Q4 Gorgān, Rūd-e j N Iran 76 I10 Gorgol r region S Mauritania 106 D12 Gorgona, Isola di island Archipelago Toscano, C Italy 19 P8 Gorham Maine, NE USA 137 98 137 124 106 116 109

195 X14 Goodenough, Cape headland Antarctica 66°15´S 126°35´E

Goodenough Island var. Morata. island SE Papua New Guinea 39 N8 Goodhope Bay bay Alaska, USA 83 D26 Good Hope, Cape of Afr. Kaap de Goede Hoop, Kaap die Goeie Hoop. headland SW South Africa 186 F9

34°19´S 18°25´E

10 K10 Good Hope Lake British Columbia, W Canada 83 33 26 173 20 39 25 183 29 25 29 26 97 183 182 181 98

59°15´N 129°18´W E23 Goodhouse Northern Cape, W South Africa 28°54´S 18°13´E O15 Gooding Idaho, NW USA 42°56´N 114°42´W H3 Goodland Kansas, C USA 39°20´N 101°43´W Y15 Goodlands NW Mauritius 20°02´S 57°39´E J8 Goodlettsville Tennessee, S USA 36°19´N 86°42´W N13 Goodnews Alaska, USA 59°07´N 161°35´W O3 Goodnight Texas, SW USA 35°00´N 101°07´W Q4 Goodooga New South Wales, SE Australia 29°09´S 147°30´E N4 Goodrich North Dakota, N USA 47°24´N 100°07´W W10 Goodrich Texas, SW USA 30°36´N 94°57´W X10 Goodview Minnesota, N USA 44°04´N 91°42´W H8 Goodwell Oklahoma, C USA 36°36´N 101°38´W N17 Goole E England, United Kingdom 53°43´N 00°46´W O8 Goolgowi New South Wales, SE Australia 34°00´S 145°43´E I10 Goolwa South Australia 35°31´S 138°43´E Y11 Goondiwindi Queensland, E Australia 28°33´S 150°22´E O11 Goor Overijssel, E Netherlands 52°13´N 06°33´E Goose Bay see Happy ValleyGoose Bay

33 V13 Gooseberry Creek j Wyoming, C USA 21 S14 Goose Creek South Carolina, SE USA 32°58´N 80°01´W 63 M23 Goose Green var. Prado del Ganso. East Falkland, Falkland Islands 51°52´S 59°W 16 D8 Goose Lake var. Lago dos Gansos. c California/Oregon, W USA 29 Q4 Goose River j North Dakota, N USA 153 T16 Gopalganj Dhaka, S Bangladesh 23°00´N 89°48´E 153 O12 Gopālganj Bihār, N India

28 L13 63 I25 183 O17 183 O17 21 V5 78 H13 80 H13 185 D24 14 D11 25 Q5 137 O11

21

114 K8

114 J8

109 X9 112 M13 112 G13

122 J13

123 N12 125 V14 125 V14

122 I13 123 O14 127 R8

80 I13 116 J7

51°40´N 16°03´E

25 R7

25

48°42´N 09°39´E

110 M12 Góra Kalwaria Mazowieckie, C Poland 52°00´N 21°14´E 153 O12 Gorakhpur Uttar Pradesh, N India 26°45´N 83°23´E Gora Kyuren see Kürendag Gorany see Harany 113 J14 Goražde Federacija Bosne I Hercegovine, SE Bosnia and Herzegovina 43°39´N 18°58´E Gorbovichi see Harbavichy Gorče Petrov see Ðorče Petrov 0 E9 Gorda Ridges undersea feature NE Pacific Ocean

28 K12

101

127 O10

110 G13 Góra Ger. Guhrau. Dolnośląskie, SW Poland

23 U5

111

26°28´N 84°26´E

Gopher State see Minnesota 101 I22 Göppingen BadenWürttemberg, SW Germany

78 K12

95

43°41´N 70°27´W T10 Gori C Georgia 42°00´N 44°07´E I13 Gorinchem var. Gorkum. Zuid-Holland, C Netherlands 51°50´N 04°59´E V13 Goris SE Armenia 39°31´N 46°20´E K16 Goritsy Tverskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 57°09´N 36°44´E J7 Gorizia Ger. Görz. FriuliVenezia Giulia, NE Italy 45°57´N 13°37´E G13 Gorj r county SW Romania W12 Gorjanci var. Uskočke Planine, Žumberak, Žumberačko Gorje, Ger. Uskokengebirge; prev. Sichelburger Gerbirge. l Croatia/Slovenia Europe see also Žumberačko Gorje Görkau see Jirkov Gorki see Horki Gor’kiy see Nizhniy Novgorod Gorkum see Gorinchem I23 Gørlev Sjælland, E Denmark 55°33´N 11°14´E M17 Gorlice Małopolskie, S Poland 49°40´N 21°09´E Q15 Görlitz Sachsen, E Germany 51°09´N 14°58´E Görlitz see Zgorzelec Gorlovka see Horlivka R7 Gorman Texas, SW USA 32°12´N 98°40´W T3 Gormania West Virginia, NE USA 39°16´N 79°18´W Gorna Dzhumaya see Blagoevgrad

41°30´N 128°00´W Gordiaz see Gardēz Gordil Vakaga, N Central African Republic 09°37´N 21°42´E Gordon Georgia, SE USA 32°52´N 83°19´W Gordon Nebraska, C USA 42°48´N 102°12´W Gordon Texas, SW USA 32°32´N 98°21´W Gordon Creek j Nebraska, C USA Gordon, Isla island S Chile Gordon, Lake c Tasmania, SE Australia Gordon River j Tasmania, SE Australia Gordonsville Virginia, NE USA 38°08´N 78°11´W Goré Logone-Oriental, S Chad 07°55´N 16°38´E Gorē Oromīya, C Ethiopia 08°08´N 35°33´E Gore Southland, South Island, New Zealand 46°06´S 168°58´E Gore Bay Manitoulin Island, Ontario, S Canada 45°54´N 82°28´W Goree Texas, SW USA 33°28´N 99°31´W Görele Giresun, NE Turkey 41°00´N 39°00´E

Mountain Mountain Range

127 O3

127 P6

126 M13 186 D7

127 N3 77 Q11 171 U13 83 M17 171 P11 171 O11

110 L7

98 M7

Volcano River

Gorna Oryahovitsa , Gorna Oryakhovitsa. Veliko Tũrnovo, N Bulgaria 43°07´N 25°40´E Gorna Oryakhovitsa see Gorna Oryahovitsa Gorna Studena Veliko Tũrnovo, N Bulgaria 43°26´N 25°21´E Gornja Mužlja see Mužlja Gornja Radgona Ger. Oberradkersburg. NE Slovenia 46°39´N 16°00´E Gornji Milanovac Serbia, C Serbia 44°01´N 20°26´E Gornji Vakuf var. Uskoplje. Federacija Bosne I Hercegovine, SW Bosnia and Herzegovina 43°55´N 17°34´E Gorno-Altaysk Respublika Altay, S Russian Federation 51°59´N 85°56´E Gorno-Altayskaya Respublika see Altay, Respublika Gorno-Chuyskiy Irkutskaya Oblast’, C Russian Federation 57°33´N 111°38´E Gornozavodsk Permskiy Kray, NW Russian Federation 58°21´N 58°24´E Gornozavodsk Ostrov Sakhalin, Sakhalinskaya Oblast’, SE Russian Federation 46°34´N 141°52´E Gornyak Altayskiy Kray, S Russian Federation 50°58´N 81°24´E Gornyy Chitunskaya Oblast’, Russian Federation 51°42´N 114°16´E Gornyy Saratovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 51°42´N 48°26´E Gornyy Altay see Altay, Respublika Gornyy Balykley Volgogradskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 49°37´N 45°03´E Goroch’an l W Ethiopia 09°09´N 37°16´E Gorodenka var. Horodenka. Ivano-Frankivs’ka Oblast’, W Ukraine 48°41´N 25°28´E Gorodets Nizhegorodskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 56°36´N 43°27´E Gorodets see Haradzyets Gorodeya see Haradzyeya Gorodishche Penzenskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 53°17´N 45°39´E Gorodishche see Horodyshche Gorodnya see Horodnya Gorodok see Haradok Gorodok/Gorodok Yagellonski see Horodok Gorodovikovsk Respublika Kalmykiya, SW Russian Federation 46°07´N 41°56´E Goroka Eastern Highlands, C Papua New Guinea 06°02´S 145°22´E Gorokhov see Horokhiv Gorokhovets Vladimirskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 56°12´N 42°40´E Gorom-Gorom NE Burkina Faso 14°27´N 00°14´W Gorong, Kepulauan island group E Indonesia Gorongosa Sofala, C Mozambique 18°40´S 34°03´E Gorontalo Sulawesi, C Indonesia 0°33´N 123°05´E Gorontalo off. Propinsi Gorontalo. r province N Indonesia Propinsi Gorontalo see Gorontalo Gorontalo, Teluk see Tomini, Teluk Górowo Iławeckie Ger. Landsberg. WarmińskoMazurskie, NE Poland 54°18´N 20°30´E Gorredijk Fris. De Gordyk. Fryslân, N Netherlands 53°00´N 06°04´E

Lake Reservoir

84 C14 Gorringe Ridge undersea feature E Atlantic Ocean 36°40´N 11°35´W

98 M11 Gorssel Gelderland, E Netherlands 52°12´N 06°13´E 109 T8 Görtschitz j S Austria Goryn see Horyn’ 145 S15 Gory Shu-Ile Kaz. Shū-Ile Taūlary; prev. Chu-Iliyskiye Gory. m S Kazakhstan Görz see Gorizia 110 E10 Gorzów Wielkopolski Ger. Landsberg, Landsberg an der Warthe. Lubuskie, W Poland 52°44´N 15°12´E

146 B10 Goșabo var. Goshoba, Rus. Koshoba. Balkan Welaýaty, NW Turkmenistan 40°28´N 54°11´E

108 G9 Göschenen Uri, C Switzerland 46°40´N 08°36´E 165 O11 Gosen Niigata, Honshū, C Japan 37°45´N 139°11´E 163 Y13 Goseong prev. Kosŏng. SE North Korea

38°41´N 128°14´E Gosford New South Wales, SE Australia 33°25´S 151°18´E P11 Goshen Indiana, N USA 41°34´N 85°49´W K13 Goshen New York, NE USA 41°24´N 74°17´W Goshoba see Goșabo Goshoba see Goşoba Q7 Goshogawara var. Gosyogawara. Aomori, Honshū, C Japan 40°47´N 140°24´E Goshquduq Qum see Tosquduq Qumlari J14 Goslar Niedersachsen, C Germany 51°55´N 10°25´E Y9 Gosnell Arkansas, C USA 35°57´N 89°58´W B10 Goşoba var. Goshoba, Rus. Koshoba. Balkanskiy Velayat, NW Turkmenistan 40°28´N 54°11´E C11 Gospić Lika-Senj, C Croatia 44°32´N 15°21´E N23 Gosport S England, United Kingdom 50°48´N 01°08´W D9 Gossa island S Norway H7 Gossau Sankt Gallen, NE Switzerland 47°25´N 09°16´E G20 Gosselies var. Goss’lies. Hainaut, S Belgium 50°28´N 04°26´E P10 Gossi Tombouctou, C Mali 15°44´N 01°19´W Goss’lies see Gosselies N18 Gostivar W FYR Macedonia 41°48´N 20°55´E Gostomel’ see Hostomel’ G12 Gostyń var. Gostyn. Wielkopolskie, C Poland 51°52´N 17°00´E Gostyn see Gostyń K11 Gostynin Mazowiesckie, C Poland 52°25´N 19°27´E Gosyogawara see Goshogawara J18 Göta Älv j S Sweden N17 Göta kanal canal S Sweden K18 Götaland cultural region S Sweden H17 Göteborg Eng. Gothenburg. Västra Götaland, S Sweden 57°43´N 11°58´E X16 Gotel Mountains m E Nigeria K17 Götene Västra Götaland, S Sweden 58°32´N 13°29´E Gotera see San Francisco K16 Gotha Thüringen, C Germany 50°57´N 10°43´E N15 Gothenburg Nebraska, C USA 40°57´N 100°09´W Gothenburg see Göteborg R12 Gothèye Tillabéri, SW Niger 13°52´N 01°27´E Gothland see Gotland P19 Gotland var. Gothland, Gottland. r county SE Sweden O18 Gotland island SE Sweden A14 Gotō var. Hukue; prev. Fukue. Nagasaki, Fukue-jima, SW Japan 32°41´N 128°52´E B13 Gotō-rettō island group SW Japan H12 Gotse Delchev prev. Nevrokop. Blagoevgrad, SW Bulgaria 41°33´N 23°42´E P17 Gotska Sandön island SE Sweden I15 Göttingen var. Goettingen. Niedersachsen, C Germany 51°33´N 09°55´E Gottland see Gotland I16 Gottne Västernorrland, C Sweden 63°27´N 18°25´E Gottschee see Kočevje Gottwaldov see Zlín B11 Goturdepe Rus. Koturdepe. Balkan Welaýaty, W Turkmenistan 39°32´N 53°39´E I7 Götzis Vorarlberg, NW Austria 47°21´N 09°40´E H12 Gouda Zuid-Holland, C Netherlands 52°01´N 04°42´E I11 Goudiri var. Goudiry. E Senegal 14°12´N 12°41´W Goudiry see Goudiri X12 Goudoumaria Diffa, S Niger 13°28´N 11°15´E R9 Gouffre, Rivière du j Québec, SE Canada M19 Gough Fracture Zone tectonic feature S Atlantic Ocean M19 Gough Island island Tristan da Cunha, S Atlantic Ocean N8 Gouin, Réservoir d Québec, SE Canada B10 Goulais River Ontario, S Canada 46°41´N 84°22´W R9 Goulburn New South Wales, SE Australia 34°45´S 149°44´E O11 Goulburn River j Victoria, SE Australia O10 Gould Coast physical region Antarctica Goulimime see Guelmime F13 Gouménissa Kentrikí Makedonía, N Greece 40°56´N 22°27´E O10 Goundam Tombouctou, NW Mali 16°27´N 03°39´W H12 Goundi Mandoul, S Chad 09°22´N 17°21´E G12 Gounou-Gaya Mayo-Kébbi Est, SW Chad 09°37´N 15°30´E Gourci see Goursi Gourcy see Goursi M13 Gourdon Lot, S France 44°45´N 01°22´E W11 Gouré Zinder, SE Niger 13°59´N 10°16´E G6 Gourin Morbihan, NW France 48°07´N 03°37´W

183 T8 31 18

165

101 27 146

112 97 94 108 99 77 113 110

110

95 95 95 95 77 95 101 29 77 95 95 164 164 114 95 101

93

146

108 98 76 77 15 65 65 15 14 183 183 195 114 77 78 78

102 77 102

Gourma-rharous – Grenaa 77 P10 Gourma-Rharous Tombouctou, C Mali 16°54´N 01°55´W

103 N4 Gournay-en-Bray Seine-Maritime, N France 78 J6 77 O12 104 H8 18 I7 99 L21 45 R14

49°29´N 01°42´E Gouro Ennedi-Ouest, N Chad 19°26´N 19°36´E Goursi var. Gourci, Gourcy. NW Burkina Faso 13°13´N 02°20´W Gouveia Guarda, N Portugal 40°29´N 07°35´W Gouverneur New York, NE USA 44°20´N 75°27´W Gouvy Luxembourg, E Belgium 50°10´N 05°55´E Gouyave var. Charlotte Town. NW Grenada 12°10´N 61°44´W Goverla, Gora see Hoverla, Hora

59 N20 Governador Valadares Minas Gerais, SE Brazil 171 R8 44 I2 162 F9 162 I10 154 L9 152 I7 162 M8 18 D11 148 J10 14 F8 14 G8 148 M5 29 U13 61 C15

137 X11 137 V11 146 D10

146 D10

136 F12 165 R9 78 K11 146 M10 158 H11 121 O15 80 H9 83 H25 76 L17 112 P11 110 I13 108 I8 112 D12 112 I11 14 L11 99 K19 23 R8 29 R8 42 G6 42 L5 43 O6 64 O2 64 Q11

112 I11 59 J15 104 L3

106 J7 113 P19 37 V11 29 T12 101 M23 25 S6 183 V5 29 Q3 21 S3 21 T9 25 R6

18°51´S 41°57´W Governor Generoso Mindanao, S Philippines 06°36´N 126°06´E Governor’s Harbour Eleuthera Island, C The Bahamas 25°11´N 76°15´W Govĭ-Altay r province SW Mongolia Govĭ Altayn Nuruu m S Mongolia Govind Ballabh Pant Sāgar d C India Govind Sāgar d NE India Govĭ-Sumber r province C Mongolia Govurdak see Magdanly Gowanda New York, NE USA 42°25´N 78°55´W Gowd-e Zereh, Dasht-e var. Guad-i-Zirreh. marsh SW Afghanistan Gowganda Ontario, S Canada 47°41´N 80°46´W Gowganda Lake c Ontario, S Canada Gōwr prev. Ghowr. r province C Afghanistan Gowrie Iowa, C USA 42°16´N 94°17´W Gowurdak see Magdanly Goya Corrientes, NE Argentina 29°10´S 59°15´W Goyania see Goiânia Goyaz see Goiás Göyçay Rus. Geokchay. C Azerbaijan 40°38´N 47°44´E Göygöl ; prev. Xanlar. NW Azerbaijan 40°37´N 46°18´E Goymat Rus. Koymat. Balkan Welaýaty, NW Turkmenistan 40°23´N 55°45´E Goymatdag, Gory Rus. Gory Koymatdag. hill range Balkan Welaýaty, NW Turkmenistan Göynük Bolu, NW Turkey 40°24´N 30°45´E Goyō-san l Honshū, C Japan 39°12´N 141°40´E Goz Beïda Sila, SE Chad 12°06´N 21°22´E G‘ozg‘on Rus. Gazgan. Navoiy Viloyati, C Uzbekistan 40°36´N 65°29´E Gozha Co c W China Gozo var. Ghawdex. island N Malta Gōz Regeb Kassala, NE Sudan 16°03´N 35°33´E Graaff-Reinet Eastern Cape, S South Africa 32°15´S 24°32´E Graasten see Gråsten Grabo SW Ivory Coast 04°57´N 07°30´W Grabovica Serbia, E Serbia 44°30´N 22°29´E Grabów nad Prosną Wielkopolskie, C Poland 51°30´N 18°06´E Grabs Sankt Gallen, NE Switzerland 47°10´N 09°27´E Gračac Zadar, SW Croatia 44°18´N 15°52´E Gračanica Federacija Bosne I Hercegovine, NE Bosnia and Herzegovina 44°41´N 18°20´E Gracefield Québec, SE Canada 46°06´N 76°03´W Grâce-Hollogne Liège, E Belgium 50°38´N 05°30´E Graceville Florida, SE USA 30°57´N 85°31´W Graceville Minnesota, N USA 45°34´N 96°25´W Gracias Lempira, W Honduras 14°35´N 88°35´W Gracias see Lempira Gracias a Dios r department E Honduras Gracias a Dios, Cabo de headland Honduras/ Nicaragua 15°00´N 83°10´W Graciosa var. Ilha Graciosa. island Azores, Portugal, NE Atlantic Ocean Graciosa island Islas Canarias, Spain, NE Atlantic Ocean Graciosa, Ilha see Graciosa Gradačac Federacija Bosne I Hercegovine, N Bosnia and Herzegovina 44°51´N 18°24´E Gradaús, Serra dos m C Brazil Gradefes Castilla y León, N Spain 42°37´N 05°14´W Gradiška see Bosanska Gradiška Gradizhsk see Hradyz’k Grado Friuli-Venezia Giulia, NE Italy 45°41´N 13°24´E Grado see Grau Gradsko C FYR Macedonia 41°34´N 21°56´E Grady New Mexico, SW USA 34°49´N 103°19´W Grad Zagreb see Zagreb Graettinger Iowa, C USA 43°14´N 94°45´W Grafing Bayern, SE Germany 48°01´N 11°57´E Graford Texas, SW USA 32°56´N 98°15´W Grafton New South Wales, SE Australia 29°41´S 152°55´E Grafton North Dakota, N USA 48°24´N 97°24´W Grafton West Virginia, NE USA 39°21´N 80°03´W Graham North Carolina, SE USA 36°05´N 79°25´W Graham Texas, SW USA 33°07´N 98°36´W

Graham Bell Island see Greem-Bell, Ostrov 10 I13 Graham Island island Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia, SW Canada 19 S6 Graham Lake c Maine, NE USA 194 H4 Graham Land physical region Antarctica 37 N15 Graham, Mount l Arizona, SW USA 32°42´N 109°52´W Grahamstad see Grahamstown 83 I25 Grahamstown Afr. Grahamstad. Eastern Cape, S South Africa 33°18´S 26°32´E Grahovo see Bosansko Grahovo 68 C12 Grain Coast coastal region S Liberia 169 S17 Grajagan, Teluk bay Jawa, S Indonesia 59 L14 Grajaú Maranhão, E Brazil 58 M13 110 O8 95 F24 103 N13 22 H5

05°50´S 45°12´W Grajaú, Rio j NE Brazil Grajewo Podlaskie, NE Poland 53°38´N 22°26´E Gram Syddanmark, SW Denmark 55°18´N 09°03´E Gramat Lot, S France 44°45´N 01°45´E Grambling Louisiana, S USA 32°31´N 92°43´W Grámmos m Albania/Greece

115 C14 96 I9 Grampian Mountains m C Scotland, United Kingdom 182 L12 Grampians, The m Victoria, SE Australia 98 O9 Gramsbergen Overijssel, E Netherlands 52°37´N 06°39´E 113 L21 Gramsh var. Gramshi. Elbasan, C Albania

54 F11 42 J10 105 N14 37 W6 42 J11 105 N14

40°52´N 20°12´E Gramshi see Gramsh Gran see Esztergom, Hungary Gran see Hron Granada Meta, C Colombia 03°33´N 73°44´W Granada Granada, SW Nicaragua 11°55´N 85°58´W Granada Andalucía, S Spain 37°13´N 03°41´W Granada Colorado, C USA 38°00´N 102°18´W Granada r department SW Nicaragua Granada r province Andalucía, S Spain

63 I21 Gran Antiplanicie Central plain S Argentina 97 E17 Granard Ir. Gránard. C Ireland 53°47´N 07°30´W Gránard see Granard 63 J20 Gran Bajo basin S Argentina 63 J15 Gran Bajo del Gualicho basin E Argentina 63 I21 Gran Bajo de San Julián basin SE Argentina 25 S7 Granbury Texas, SW USA 32°27´N 97°47´W

15 P12 Granby Québec, SE Canada

44 G1 Grand Bahama Island island N The Bahamas Grand Balé see Tui 103 U7 Grand Ballon Ger. Ballon de Guebwiller. l NE France

47°53´N 07°06´E 13 T13 Grand Bank Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, SE Canada 47°06´N 55°48´W

77 N17 14 E16 76 L17

45 X11 44 M6

Grand Banks of Newfoundland undersea feature NW Atlantic Ocean

45°00´N 40°00´W Grand Bassa see Buchanan Grand-Bassam var. Bassam. SE Ivory Coast 05°14´N 03°45´W Grand Bend Ontario, S Canada 43°17´N 81°46´W Grand-Bérébi var. GrandBéréby. SW Ivory Coast 04°38´N 06°55´W Grand-Béréby see Grand-Bérébi Grand-Bourg MarieGalante, SE Guadeloupe 15°53´N 61°19´W Grand Caicos var. Middle Caicos. island C Turks and Caicos Islands

11 29

29 31 22 65 37 20 14 14 77

31 102 19 13 29 15 37 108 104

187 77 29

Grand Coulee Washington, NW USA 47°56´N 119°00´W Grand Coulee valley Washington, NW USA 45 X5 Grand Cul-de-Sac Marin bay N Guadeloupe Grand Duchy of Luxembourg see Luxembourg 63 I22 Grande, Bahía bay S Argentina 11 N14 Grande Cache Alberta, W Canada 53°53´N 119°07´W 103 U12 Grande Casse l E France Grande Comore see Ngazidja 61 G18 Grande, Cuchilla hill range E Uruguay 45 S5 Grande de Añasco, Río j W Puerto Rico Grande de Chiloé, Isla see Chiloé, Isla de 58 J12 Grande de Gurupá, Ilha river island NE Brazil

Country Country Capital

26

25 11 31 29 14 14 31 27 28 45 32 32

31°20´N 102°51´W

Grandfather Mountain l North Carolina, SE USA 36°06´N 81°48´W L13 Grandfield Oklahoma, C USA 34°15´N 98°40´W N17 Grand Forks British Columbia, SW Canada 49°02´N 118°30´W R4 Grand Forks North Dakota, N USA 47°54´N 97°03´W O9 Grand Haven Michigan, N USA 43°03´N 86°13´W Grandichi see Hrandzichy P15 Grand Island Nebraska, C USA 40°55´N 98°20´W O3 Grand Island island Michigan, N USA K10 Grand Isle Louisiana, S USA 29°12´N 90°00´W A23 Grand Jason island Jason Islands, NW Falkland Islands P5 Grand Junction Colorado, C USA 39°03´N 108°33´W F10 Grand Junction Tennessee, S USA 35°03´N 89°11´W J9 Grand-Lac-Victoria Québec, SE Canada 47°33´N 77°28´W J9 Grand lac Victoria c Québec, SE Canada N17 Grand-Lahou var. Grand Lahu. S Ivory Coast 05°09´N 05°01´W Grand Lahu see Grand-Lahou S3 Grand Lake Colorado, C USA 40°15´N 105°49´W S11 Grand Lake c Newfoundland and Labrador, E Canada G9 Grand Lake c Louisiana, S USA R5 Grand Lake c Michigan, N USA Q13 Grand Lake d Ohio, N USA R9 Grand Lake O’ The Cherokees var. Lake O’ The Cherokees. d Oklahoma, C USA Q9 Grand Ledge Michigan, N USA 42°45´N 84°45´W I8 Grand-Lieu, Lac de c NW France U6 Grand Manan Channel channel Canada/USA O15 Grand Manan Island island New Brunswick, SE Canada Y4 Grand Marais Minnesota, N USA 47°45´N 90°19´W P10 Grand-Mère Québec, SE Canada 46°36´N 72°41´W P5 Grand Mesa m Colorado, C USA C10 Grand Muveran l W Switzerland 46°16´N 07°12´E G12 Grândola Setúbal, S Portugal 38°10´N 08°34´W Grand Paradis see Gran Paradiso O15 Grand Passage passage N New Caledonia R16 Grand-Popo S Benin 06°19´N 01°50´E Z3 Grand Portage Minnesota, N USA 48°00´N 89°36´W T6 Grand Prairie Texas, SW USA 32°45´N 97°00´W W14 Grand Rapids Manitoba, C Canada 53°12´N 99°19´W P9 Grand Rapids Michigan, N USA 42°57´N 86°40´W V5 Grand Rapids Minnesota, N USA 47°14´N 93°31´W L10 Grand-Remous Québec, SE Canada 46°36´N 75°53´W F15 Grand River j Ontario, S Canada P9 Grand River j Michigan, N USA T3 Grand River j Missouri, C USA M7 Grand River j South Dakota, N USA Q11 Grand’ Rivière N Martinique 14°52´N 61°11´W F11 Grand Ronde Oregon, NW USA 45°03´N 123°43´W L11 Grand Ronde River j Oregon/Washington, NW USA

21 P9

31 27

32 J8

108 33 31 45

45 103 11 27 36 14 95 44 96 25 32 33 95 33 10

21

47°02´N 67°46´W

31

45°58´N 07°27´E

172

13 T11 Grand Falls Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, SE Canada 48°57´N 55°48´W 24 L9 Grandfalls Texas, SW USA

22

108 D12 Grand Combin l S Switzerland

55

30

13

04°36´N 08°12´W

45°22´N 06°50´E

16°31´N 61°27´W

25

13 N14 Grand Falls New Brunswick, SE Canada

37

14 K12 Grand Calumet, Île du island Québec, SE Canada 97 E18 Grand Canal Ir. An Chanáil Mhór. canal C Ireland Grand Canal see Da Yunhe Grand Canary see Gran Canaria 36 K10 Grand Canyon Arizona, SW USA 36°01´N 112°10´W 36 J9 Grand Canyon canyon Arizona, SW USA Grand Canyon State see Arizona 44 D8 Grand Cayman island SW Cayman Islands 11 R14 Grand Centre Alberta, SW Canada 54°25´N 110°13´W 76 L17 Grand Cess SE Liberia

32 K8

48°16´N 69°32´W

47 W6 Grande, Serra m W Brazil 40 K4 Grande, Sierra m N Mexico 103 S12 Grandes Rousses m E France 63 K17 Grandes, Salinas salt lake E Argentina 45 Y5 Grande Terre island E West Indies 15 X5 Grande-Vallée Québec, SE Canada 49°14´N 65°08´W 45 Y5 Grande Vigie, Pointe de la headland Grande Terre, N Guadeloupe

31

45°23´N 72°44´W 27 S8 Granby Missouri, C USA 36°55´N 94°14´W 37 S3 Granby, Lake d Colorado, C USA 64 O12 Gran Canaria var. Grand Canary. island Islas Canarias, Spain, NE Atlantic Ocean 47 T11 Gran Chaco var. Chaco. lowland plain South America 45 R14 Grand Anse SW Grenada 12°01´N 61°45´W Grand-Anse see Portsmouth

64 I7

57 K21 Grande de Lipez, Río j SW Bolivia 45 U6 Grande de Loíza, Río j E Puerto Rico 45 T5 Grande de Manatí, Río j C Puerto Rico 42 L9 Grande de Matagalpa, Río j C Nicaragua 40 K12 Grande de Santiago, Río var. Santiago. j C Mexico 43 O15 Grande de Térraba, Río var. Río Térraba. j SE Costa Rica 12 J9 Grande Deux, Réservoir la d Québec, E Canada 60 O10 Grande, Ilha island SE Brazil 11 O13 Grande Prairie Alberta, W Canada 55°10´N 118°52´W 74 I8 Grand Erg Occidental desert W Algeria 74 L9 Grand Erg Oriental desert Algeria/Tunisia 57 M18 Grande, Río j C Bolivia 59 J20 Grande, Rio j S Brazil 2 F15 Grande, Rio var. Río Bravo, Sp. Río Bravo del Norte, Bravo del Norte. j Mexico/ USA 15 Y7 Grande-Rivière Québec, SE Canada 48°27´N 64°37´W 15 Y6 Grande Rivière j Québec, SE Canada 44 M8 Grande-Rivière-du-Nord N Haiti 19°36´N 72°10´W 62 K9 Grande, Salina var. Gran Salitral. salt lake C Argentina 15 S7 Grandes-Bergeronnes Québec, SE Canada

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

29

36 33 35 36

107

185

63

95 105

106

107 100 28 27 97 65 194 45 35 96 35 37 30 32 36 21 102 11 25 25 83 95 93 103 18 33 18 35 183 28

Grand-Saint-Bernard, Col du see Great Saint Bernard Pass V6 Grand Saline Texas, SW USA 32°40´N 95°42´W X10 Grand-Santi W French Guiana 04°19´N 54°24´W Grandsee see Grandson J16 Grand Sœur island Les Sœurs, NE Seychelles B9 Grandson prev. Grandsee. Vaud, W Switzerland 46°49´N 06°39´E S14 Grand Teton l Wyoming, C USA 43°44´N 110°48´W P5 Grand Traverse Bay lake bay Michigan, N USA N6 Grand Turk q (Turks and Caicos Islands) Grand Turk Island, S Turks and Caicos Islands 21°24´N 71°08´W N6 Grand Turk Island island SE Turks and Caicos Islands S13 Grand Veymont l E France 44°51´N 05°32´E W15 Grandview Manitoba, S Canada 51°11´N 100°41´W R4 Grandview Missouri, C USA 38°53´N 94°31´W I10 Grand Wash Cliffs cliff Arizona, SW USA J8 Granet, Lac c Québec, SE Canada L14 Grangärde Dalarna, C Sweden 60°15´N 15°00´E H12 Grange Hill W Jamaica 18°19´N 78°11´W J12 Grangemouth C Scotland, United Kingdom 56°01´N 03°44´W T10 Granger Texas, SW USA 30°43´N 97°26´W J10 Granger Washington, NW USA 46°20´N 120°11´W T17 Granger Wyoming, C USA 41°37´N 109°58´W Granges see Grenchen L14 Grängesberg Dalarna, C Sweden 60°06´N 15°00´E N11 Grangeville Idaho, NW USA 45°55´N 116°07´W K13 Granisle British Columbia, SW Canada 54°55´N 126°14´W K15 Granite City Illinois, N USA 38°42´N 90°09´W S9 Granite Falls Minnesota, N USA 44°48´N 95°33´W Q9 Granite Falls North Carolina, SE USA 35°48´N 81°25´W K12 Granite Mountain l Arizona, SW USA 34°38´N 112°34´W T12 Granite Peak l Montana, NW USA 45°09´N 109°48´W T2 Granite Peak l Nevada, W USA 41°40´N 117°35´W J3 Granite Peak l Utah, W USA 40°09´N 113°18´W Granite State see New Hampshire H24 Granitola, Capo headland Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 37°33´N 12°39´E H15 Granity West Coast, South Island, New Zealand 41°37´S 171°53´E Gran Lago see Nicaragua, Lago de J18 Gran Laguna Salada c S Argentina Gran Malvina see West Falkland L18 Gränna Jönköping, S Sweden 58°02´N 14°30´E W5 Granollers var. Granollérs. Cataluña, NE Spain 41°37´N 02°18´E Granollérs see Granollers A7 Gran Paradiso Fr. Grand Paradis. l NW Italy 45°31´N 07°13´E Gran Pilastro see Hochfeiler Gran Salitral see Grande, Salina Gran San Bernardo, Passo di see Great Saint Bernard Pass Gran Santiago see Santiago J14 Gran Sasso d’Italia m C Italy N11 Gransee Brandenburg, NE Germany 53°00´N 13°10´E L15 Grant Nebraska, C USA 40°50´N 101°43´W R1 Grant City Missouri, C USA 40°29´N 94°25´W N19 Grantham E England, United Kingdom 52°55´N 00°39´W D24 Grantham Sound sound East Falkland, Falkland Islands K13 Grant Island island Antarctica Z14 Grantley Adams k (Bridgetown) SE Barbados 13°04´N 59°29´W S7 Grant, Mount l Nevada, W USA 38°34´N 118°47´W J9 Grantown-on-Spey N Scotland, United Kingdom 57°11´N 03°53´W W8 Grant Range m Nevada, W USA Q11 Grants New Mexico, SW USA 35°09´N 107°50´W I4 Grantsburg Wisconsin, N USA 45°47´N 92°40´W F15 Grants Pass Oregon, NW USA 42°26´N 123°20´W K3 Grantsville Utah, W USA 40°36´N 112°27´W R4 Grantsville West Virginia, NE USA 38°55´N 81°07´W I5 Granville Manche, N France 48°50´N 01°35´W V12 Granville Lake c Manitoba, C Canada V8 Grapeland Texas, SW USA 31°29´N 95°28´W T6 Grapevine Texas, SW USA 32°55´N 97°04´W K20 Graskop Mpumalanga, NE South Africa 24°58´S 30°49´E P14 Gräsö Uppsala, C Sweden 60°22´N 18°30´E I19 Gräsö island C Sweden U15 Grasse Alpes-Maritimes, SE France 43°42´N 06°52´E E14 Grassflat Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°00´N 78°04´W U9 Grassrange Montana, NW USA 47°02´N 108°48´W J6 Grass River j New York, NE USA P6 Grass Valley California, W USA 39°12´N 121°04´W N14 Grassy Tasmania, SE Australia 40°03´S 144°04´E K4 Grassy Butte North Dakota, N USA 47°20´N 103°13´W

Administrative Regions International Airport

21 R5 95 G24 95 J18 109 V8 104 K2 108 I9

103 N15 105 T4 61 I16 98 L13 11 T17 103 N1 14 H13 33 O10 102 I11 183 S4 97 P22 107 N17 103 S8 23 T4 195 V16 32 F9 39 N10 31 Q6 32 F9 21 O5 37 S4 30 M16 109 V8 104 L15 113 P15 44 H1

181 U8 181 O12 64 E11 184 M4 181 X4 18 L11 0 8

F10 I8

26 L5 97 A20

151 Q23 166 J10 21 X7 33 V16 181 W7 14 D12

44 G8 129 V16 184 I1 44 H4 33 R8 21 R11 84 F9

44 I4 64 I5 111 L24

44 L7

83 G25

Grassy Knob l West Virginia, NE USA 38°04´N 80°31´W Gråsten var. Graasten. Syddanmark, SW Denmark 54°55´N 09°37´E Grästorp Västra Götaland, S Sweden 58°20´N 12°40´E Gratianopolis see Grenoble Gratwein Steiermark, SE Austria 47°08´N 15°20´E Gratz see Graz Grau var. Grado. Asturias, N Spain 43°23´N 06°04´W Graubünden Fr. Grisons, It. Grigioni. r canton SE Switzerland Graudenz see Grudziądz Graulhet Tarn, S France 43°45´N 01°58´E Graus Aragón, NE Spain 42°11´N 00°21´E Gravataí Rio Grande do Sul, S Brazil 29°55´S 51°00´W Grave Noord-Brabant, SE Netherlands 51°45´N 05°45´E Gravelbourg Saskatchewan, S Canada 49°53´N 106°33´W Gravelines Nord, N France 51°00´N 02°07´E Graven see Grez-Doiceau Gravenhurst Ontario, S Canada 44°55´N 79°22´W Grave Peak l Idaho, NW USA 46°24´N 114°43´W Grave, Pointe de headland W France 45°33´N 01°24´W Gravesend New South Wales, SE Australia 29°37´S 150°15´E Gravesend SE England, United Kingdom 51°27´N 00°24´E Gravina in Puglia Puglia, SE Italy 40°48´N 16°25´E Gray Haute-Saône, E France 47°28´N 05°34´E Gray Georgia, SE USA 33°00´N 83°31´W Gray, Cape headland Antarctica 67°30´N 143°30´E Grayland Washington, NW USA 46°46´N 124°07´W Grayling Alaska, USA 62°55´N 160°07´W Grayling Michigan, N USA 44°40´N 84°43´W Grays Harbor inlet Washington, NW USA Grayson Kentucky, S USA 38°21´N 82°59´W Grays Peak l Colorado, C USA 39°37´N 105°49´W Grayville Illinois, N USA 38°15´N 87°59´W Graz prev. Gratz. Steiermark, SE Austria 47°05´N 15°23´E Grazalema Andalucía, S Spain 36°46´N 05°23´W Grdelica Serbia, SE Serbia 42°54´N 22°05´E Great Abaco var. Abaco Island. island N The Bahamas Great Admiralty Island see Manus Island Great Alfold see Great Hungarian Plain Great Ararat see Büyükağrı Dağı Great Artesian Basin lowlands Queensland, C Australia Great Australian Bight bight S Australia Great Bahama Bank undersea feature E Gulf of Mexico 23°15´N 78°00´W Great Barrier Island island N New Zealand Great Barrier Reef reef Queensland, NE Australia Great Barrington Massachusetts, NE USA 42°11´N 73°20´W Great Basin basin W USA Great Bear Lake Fr. Grand Lac de l’Ours. c Northwest Territories, NW Canada Great Belt see Storebælt Great Bend Kansas, C USA 38°22´N 98°47´W Great Bermuda see Bermuda Great Blasket Island Ir. An Blascaod Mór. island SW Ireland Great Britain see Britain Great Channel channel Andaman Sea/Indian Ocean Great Coco Island island SW Myanmar (Burma) Great Crosby see Crosby Great Dismal Swamp wetland North Carolina/ Virginia, SE USA Great Divide Basin basin Wyoming, C USA Great Dividing Range m NE Australia Great Duck Island island Ontario, S Canada Great Elder Reservoir see Waconda Lake Greater Antilles island group West Indies Greater Sunda Islands var. Sunda Islands. island group Indonesia Great Exhibition Bay inlet North Island, New Zealand Great Exuma Island island C The Bahamas Great Falls Montana, NW USA 47°30´N 111°18´W Great Falls South Carolina, SE USA 34°34´N 80°54´W Great Fisher Bank undersea feature C North Sea 57°00´N 04°00´E Great Glen see Mor, Glen Great Grimsby see Grimsby Great Guana Cay island C The Bahamas Great Hellefiske Bank undersea feature N Atlantic Ocean Great Hungarian Plain var. Great Alfold, Plain of Hungary, Hung. Alföld. plain SE Europe Great Inagua var. Inagua Islands. island S The Bahamas Great Indian Desert see Thar Desert Great Karoo var. Great Karroo, High Veld, Afr. Groot Karoo, Hoë Karoo. plateau region S South Africa Great Karroo see Great Karoo Great Kei see Nciba Great Khingan Range see Da Hinggan Ling

Mountain Mountain Range

Volcano River

14 E11 Great La Cloche Island island Ontario, S Canada 183 P16 Great Lake c Tasmania, SE Australia Great Lake see Tônlé Sap 11 R15 Great Lakes lakes Ontario, Canada/USA Great Lakes State see Michigan 97 L20 Great Malvern W England, United Kingdom 52°07´N 02°19´W

184 M5 Great Mercury Island island N New Zealand Great Meteor Seamount see Great Meteor Tablemount 64 K10 Great Meteor Tablemount var. Great Meteor Seamount. undersea feature E Atlantic Ocean 30°00´N 28°30´W 31 Q14 Great Miami River j Ohio, N USA 151 Q24 Great Nicobar island Nicobar Islands, India, NE Indian Ocean 97 O19 Great Ouse var. Ouse. j E England, United Kingdom 183 Q17 Great Oyster Bay bay Tasmania, SE Australia 44 I13 Great Pedro Bluff headland W Jamaica 17°51´N 77°44´W 21 T12 Great Pee Dee River j North Carolina/South Carolina, SE USA 129 W9 Great Plain of China plain E China 0 F12 Great Plains var. High Plains. plains Canada/USA 37 W6 Great Plains Reservoirs d Colorado, C USA 19 Q13 Great Point headland Nantucket Island, Massachusetts, NE USA 41°23´N 70°03´W

68 I13 Great Rift Valley var. Rift Valley. depression Asia/Africa 81 I23 Great Ruaha j S Tanzania 18 K10 Great Sacandaga Lake d New York, NE USA 108 C12 Great Saint Bernard Pass Fr. Col du Grand-SaintBernard, It. Passo del Gran San Bernardo. pass Italy/ Switzerland 44 F1 Great Sale Cay island N The Bahamas Great Salt Desert see Kavīr, Dasht-e 36 K1 Great Salt Lake salt lake Utah, W USA 36 J3 Great Salt Lake Desert plain Utah, W USA 26 M8 Great Salt Plains Lake d Oklahoma, C USA 75 T9 Great Sand Sea desert Egypt/ Libya 180 L6 Great Sandy Desert desert Western Australia Great Sandy Desert see Ar Rub‘ al Khālī Great Sandy Island see Fraser Island 187 Y13 Great Sea Reef reef Vanua Levu, N Fiji 38 H17 Great Sitkin Island island Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA 8 J10 Great Slave Lake Fr. Grand Lac des Esclaves. c Northwest Territories, NW Canada 21 O10 Great Smoky Mountains m North Carolina/Tennessee, SE USA 10 L11 Great Snow Mountain l British Columbia, W Canada 57°22´N 124°08´W Great Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya see Libya 64 A12 Great Sound sound Bermuda, NW Atlantic Ocean 180 M10 Great Victoria Desert desert South Australia/Western Australia 194 H2 Great Wall Chinese research station South Shetland Islands, Antarctica 61°57´S 58°23´W

27 S7

39°21´N 83°22´W 36°09´N 88°48´W

30 M9 Greenfield Wisconsin, N USA 42°55´N 87°59´W 27 T9 Green Forest Arkansas, C USA 36°19´N 93°24´W 37 T7 Greenhorn Mountain l Colorado, C USA 37°50´N 104°59´W

186 I6 11 S14 30 L8 197 O14

84 D4 197 R13 197 R14 37 R4 18 M8

96 H12 39 T5 186 A6 37 N5 33 U17 16 H9 30 K11 20 J7 28 K5 37 N6 33 T16

18 F9

Gredos, Sierra de m W Spain Greece New York, NE USA

43°12´N 77°41´W

115 E17 Greece off. Hellenic Republic, Gk. Ellás; anc. Hellas. b republic SE Europe Greece Central see Stereá Elláda Greece West see Dytikí Elláda 37 T3 Greeley Colorado, C USA 29 P14 122 K3

30 M6 31 N6 21 S5 29 S2 183 R12 31 O14 18 F16 27 T2 21 O9 35 O11 31 P14 29 U15 18 M11

40°21´N 104°41´W Greeley Nebraska, C USA 41°33´N 98°31´W Greem-Bell, Ostrov Eng. Graham Bell Island. island Zemlya Frantsa-Iosifa, N Russian Federation Green Bay Wisconsin, N USA 44°32´N 88°W Green Bay lake bay Michigan/Wisconsin, N USA Greenbrier River j West Virginia, NE USA Greenbush Minnesota, N USA 48°42´N 96°10´W Green Cape headland New South Wales, SE Australia 37°15´S 150°03´E Greencastle Indiana, N USA 39°38´N 86°51´W Greencastle Pennsylvania, NE USA 39°47´N 77°43´W Green City Missouri, C USA 40°16´N 92°57´W Greeneville Tennessee, S USA 36°10´N 82°50´W Greenfield California, W USA 36°19´N 121°15´W Greenfield Indiana, N USA 39°47´N 85°46´W Greenfield Iowa, C USA 41°18´N 94°27´W Greenfield Massachusetts, NE USA 42°33´N 72°34´W

Lake Reservoir

Greenough, Mount

l Alaska, USA 69°15´N 141°37´W Green River West Sepik, NW Papua New Guinea 03°54´S 141°08´E Green River Utah, W USA 39°00´N 110°07´W Green River Wyoming, C USA 41°33´N 109°27´W Green River j W USA Green River j Illinois, N USA Green River j Kentucky, C USA Green River j North Dakota, N USA Green River j Utah, W USA Green River j Wyoming, C USA

32°42´N 87°36´W

21 T9 31 P14 26 K6 20 L7 18 C15 37 O13 21 V12 21 O4 36 M16 76 K17 23 P6 23 T8 23 S4 30 L15 20 I7

25 U6

104 L8

55°57´N 04°45´W

23 U3 Greensboro Georgia, SE USA

61 E18 Greco Río Negro, W Uruguay 32°49´S 57°03´W Greco, Cape see Gkréko, Akrotíri

Green Island see Lü Dao Green Islands var. Nissan Islands. island group NE Papua New Guinea Green Lake Saskatchewan, C Canada 54°15´N 107°51´W Green Lake c Wisconsin, N USA Greenland Dan. Grønland, Inuit Kalaallit Nunaat. p Danish self-governing territory NE North America Greenland island NE North America Greenland Plain undersea feature N Greenland Sea Greenland Sea sea Arctic Ocean Green Mountain Reservoir d Colorado, C USA Green Mountains m Vermont, NE USA Green Mountain State see Vermont Greenock W Scotland, United Kingdom

Green River Lake d Kentucky, S USA 23 O5 Greensboro Alabama, S USA 20 L7

19 Q5

10°04´N 84°19´W

37°25´N 93°50´W

20 G8 Greenfield Tennessee, S USA

Great Wass Island island Maine, NE USA 97 Q19 Great Yarmouth var. Yarmouth. E England, United Kingdom 52°37´N 01°44´E 139 S1 Great Zab Ar. Az Zāb al Kabīr, Kurd. Zē-i Bādīnān, Turk. Büyükzap Suyu. j Iraq/Turkey 95 I17 Grebbestad Västra Götaland, S Sweden 58°42´N 11°15´E Grebenka see Hrebinka 42 M13 Grecia Alajuela, C Costa Rica 19 T7

Greenfield Missouri, C USA

31 S14 Greenfield Ohio, N USA

31 P9 22 J4 21 W9 31 Q13 19 O12 21 P11

31 T12 27 S11 31 O14 22 K4 21 P12 21 Q12 21 P11

33°34´N 83°10´W Greensboro North Carolina, SE USA 36°04´N 79°48´W Greensburg Indiana, N USA 39°20´N 85°28´W Greensburg Kansas, C USA 37°36´N 99°17´W Greensburg Kentucky, S USA 37°14´N 85°30´W Greensburg Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°18´N 79°32´W Greens Peak l Arizona, SW USA 34°06´N 109°34´W Green Swamp wetland North Carolina, SE USA Greenup Kentucky, S USA 38°34´N 82°49´W Green Valley Arizona, SW USA 31°49´N 111°00´W Greenville var. Sino, Sinoe. SE Liberia 05°01´N 09°03´W Greenville Alabama, S USA 31°49´N 86°37´W Greenville Florida, SE USA 30°28´N 83°37´W Greenville Georgia, SE USA 33°03´N 84°42´W Greenville Illinois, N USA 38°53´N 89°24´W Greenville Kentucky, S USA 37°11´N 87°11´W Greenville Maine, NE USA 45°26´N 69°36´W Greenville Michigan, N USA 43°10´N 85°15´W Greenville Mississippi, S USA 33°24´N 91°03´W Greenville North Carolina, SE USA 35°36´N 77°23´W Greenville Ohio, N USA 40°06´N 84°37´W Greenville Rhode Island, NE USA 41°52´N 71°33´W Greenville South Carolina, SE USA 34°51´N 82°24´W Greenville Texas, SW USA 33°09´N 96°07´W Greenwich Ohio, N USA 41°01´N 82°31´W Greenwood Arkansas, C USA 35°13´N 94°15´W Greenwood Indiana, N USA 39°38´N 86°06´W Greenwood Mississippi, S USA 33°30´N 90°11´W Greenwood South Carolina, SE USA 34°11´N 82°10´W Greenwood, Lake d South Carolina, SE USA Greer South Carolina, SE USA 34°56´N 82°13´W

27 V10 Greers Ferry Lake d Arkansas, C USA 27 S13 Greeson, Lake d Arkansas, C USA 45 N8 Gregorio Luperón k N Dominican Republic 19°43´N 70°43´W

29 O12 Gregory South Dakota, N USA 43°11´N 99°26´W 182 J3 Gregory, Lake salt lake South Australia 180 J9 Gregory Lake c Western Australia 181 V5 Gregory Range m Queensland, E Australia Greifenberg/Greifenberg in Pommern see Gryfice Greifenhagen see Gryfino 100 O8 Greifswald MecklenburgVorpommern, NE Germany 54°04´N 13°24´E

100 O8 Greifswalder Bodden bay NE Germany 109 U4 Grein Oberösterreich, N Austria 48°14´N 14°50´E 101 M17 Greiz Thüringen, C Germany 50°40´N 12°11´E

125 V14 Gremyachinsk Permskiy Kray, NW Russian Federation 58°33´N 57°52´E

Grenå see Grenaa 95 H21 Grenaa var. Grenå. Midtjylland, C Denmark 56°25´N 10°53´E

255

Grenada – Gulin 22 L3

Grenada Mississippi, S USA 33°46´N 89°48´W

45 W15 Grenada b commonwealth republic SE West Indies 47 S4 Grenada island Grenada 47 R4 Grenada Basin undersea feature W Atlantic Ocean 13°30´N 62°00´W

Grenada Lake d Mississippi, S USA 45 Y14 Grenadines, The island group Grenada/St Vincent and the Grenadines 108 D7 Grenchen Fr. Granges. Solothurn, NW Switzerland 22 L3

183 Q9 11 V16 92 J1 103 S12 28 J2 92 N8 45 S14 32 G11 106 B7 22 K9 21 T7 98 F13 100 F13 115 D15 101 D16

47°13´N 07°24´E Grenfell New South Wales, SE Australia 33°54´S 148°09´E Grenfell Saskatchewan, S Canada 50°24´N 102°56´W Grenivík Norðurland Eystra, N Iceland 65°57´N 18°10´W Grenoble anc. Cularo, Gratianopolis. Isère, E France 45°11´N 05°42´E Grenora North Dakota, N USA 48°36´N 103°57´W Grense-Jakobselv Finnmark, N Norway 69°46´N 30°39´E Grenville E Grenada 12°07´N 61°37´W Gresham Oregon, NW USA 45°30´N 122°25´W Gresk see Hresk 45°48´N 07°49´E Gretna Louisiana, S USA 29°54´N 90°03´W Gretna Virginia, NE USA 36°57´N 79°21´W Grevelingen inlet S North Sea Greven NordrheinWestfalen, NW Germany 52°07´N 07°38´E Grevená Dytikí Makedonía, N Greece 40°05´N 21°26´E Grevenbroich NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 51°06´N 06°34´E 49°41´N 06°27´E

99 M24 Grevenmacher r district E Luxembourg 100 K9 Grevesmülhen Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, N Germany 53°52´N 11°12´E 185 H16 Grey j South Island, New Zealand 33 V12 Greybull Wyoming, C USA 44°29´N 108°03´W

33 U13 Greybull River j Wyoming, C USA 65 A24 Grey Channel sound Falkland Islands Greyerzer See see Gruyère, Lac de la 13 T10 Grey Islands island group Newfoundland and Labrador, E Canada 18 L10 Greylock, Mount l Massachusetts, NE USA 42°38´N 73°09´W

185 G17 Greymouth West Coast, South Island, New Zealand 42°29´S 171°14´E

181 U10 Grey Range m New South Wales/Queensland, E Australia 97 G18 Greystones Ir. Na Clocha Liatha. E Ireland

83 K23

99 H19 115 J19

53°08´N 06°05´W Greytown Wellington, North Island, New Zealand 41°04´S 175°29´E Greytown KwaZulu/Natal, E South Africa 29°04´S 30°35´E Greytown see San Juan del Norte Grez-Doiceau Dut. Graven. Walloon Brabant, C Belgium 50°43´N 04°41´E Griá, Akrotírio headland Ándros, Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea 37°54´N 24°57´E

127 N8 Gribanovskiy Voronezhskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 51°27´N 41°53´E

78 I13 Gribingui j N Central African Republic 35 O6 Gridley California, W USA 83 23 183 14 21 119 117 147 193 41 98 83 79

99 183 100 14 97 92 11 95 92 108

39°21´N 121°41´W G23 Griekwastad var. Griquatown. Northern Cape, C South Africa 28°50´S 23°16´E S4 Griffin Georgia, SE USA 33°15´N 84°17´W O9 Griffith New South Wales, SE Australia 34°18´S 146°04´E F13 Griffith Island island Ontario, S Canada W10 Grifton North Carolina, SE USA 35°22´N 77°26´W Grigioni see Graubünden H14 Grigiškes Vilnius, SE Lithuania 54°42´N 25°00´E N10 Grigoriopol C Moldova 47°09´N 29°18´E X7 Grigor’yevka IssykKul’skaya Oblast’, E Kyrgyzstan 42°43´N 77°27´E U8 Grijalva Ridge undersea feature E Pacific Ocean U15 Grijalva, Río var. Tabasco. j Guatemala/Mexico N5 Grijpskerk Groningen, NE Netherlands 53°15´N 06°18´E C22 Grillenthal Karas, SW Namibia 26°55´S 15°24´E J15 Grimari Ouaka, C Central African Republic 05°44´N 20°02´E Grimaylov see Hrymayliv G18 Grimbergen Vlaams Brabant, C Belgium 50°56´N 04°22´E N15 Grim, Cape headland Tasmania, SE Australia 40°42´S 144°42´E N8 Grimmen MecklenburgVorpommern, NE Germany 54°06´N 13°03´E G16 Grimsby Ontario, S Canada 43°12´N 79°35´W O17 Grimsby prev. Great Grimsby. E England, United Kingdom 53°35´N 00°05´W J1 Grímsey var. Grimsey. island N Iceland Grimsey see Grímsey O12 Grimshaw Alberta, W Canada 56°11´N 117°37´W F18 Grimstad Aust-Agder, S Norway 58°20´N 08°35´E H4 Grindavík Suðurnes, W Iceland 65°57´N 18°10´W F9 Grindelwald Bern, S Switzerland 46°37´N 08°04´E

256

41°44´N 92°43´W

109 U10 Grintovec l N Slovenia 9

N4

182 H1 95 P14 29 T15 102 M1 112 P13 112 E11 99 H16 118 C10 83 K20 83 G23

Gressoney-St-Jean Valle d’Aosta, NW Italy

99 N24 Grevenmacher Grevenmacher, E Luxembourg

185 M14

95 F23 Grindsted Syddtjylland, W Denmark 55°46´N 08°56´E 29 W14 Grinnell Iowa, C USA

109 Q6 111 H15

46°21´N 14°31´E Griquatown see Griekwastad Grise Fiord var Aujuittuq. Northwest Territories, Ellesmere Island, N Canada 76°10´N 83°15´W Griselda, Lake salt lake South Australia Grisons see Graubünden Grisslehamn Stockholm, C Sweden 60°04´N 18°50´E Griswold Iowa, C USA 41°14´N 95°08´W Griz Nez, Cap headland N France 50°51´N 01°34´E Grljan Serbia, E Serbia 43°52´N 22°18´E Grmeč m NW Bosnia and Herzegovina Grobbendonk Antwerpen, N Belgium 51°12´N 04°41´E Grobin see Grobiņa Grobiņa Ger. Grobin. W Latvia 56°32´N 21°12´E Groblersdal Mpumalanga, NE South Africa 25°15´S 29°25´E Groblershoop Northern Cape, W South Africa 28°51´S 22°01´E Gródek Jagielloński see Horodok Grödig Salzburg, W Austria 47°42´N 13°06´E Grodków Opolskie, S Poland 50°42´N 17°23´E Grodnenskaya Oblast’ see Hrodzyenskaya Voblasts’ Grodno see Hrodna

110 L12 Grodzisk Mazowiecki Mazowieckie, C Poland 52°09´N 20°38´E

110 F12 Grodzisk Wielkopolski Wielkopolskie, C Poland 98 O12 83 E22 25 U8 98 L13 102 G7 110 M12 65 K15 100 E13

93 F15 95 N22 98 N5 55 W9 98 N5 108 H11 95 M20 25 O2 35 W9 83 H25 181 S2 98 M6 83 D17

52°13´N 16°21´E Grodzyanka see Hradzyanka Groenlo Gelderland, E Netherlands 52°02´N 06°36´E Groenrivier Karas, SE Namibia 27°27´S 18°52´E Groesbeck Texas, SW USA 31°31´N 96°35´W Groesbeek Gelderland, SE Netherlands 51°47´N 05°56´E Groix, Îles de island group NW France Grójec Mazowieckie, C Poland 51°51´N 20°52´E Gröll Seamount undersea feature C Atlantic Ocean 12°54´S 33°24´W Gronau var. Gronau in Westfalen. NordrheinWestfalen, NW Germany 52°13´N 07°02´E Gronau in Westfalen see Gronau Grong Nord-Trøndelag, C Norway 64°29´N 12°19´E Grönhögen Kalmar, S Sweden 56°16´N 16°09´E Groningen Groningen, NE Netherlands 53°13´N 06°35´E Groningen Saramacca, N Suriname 05°45´N 55°31´W Groningen r province NE Netherlands Grønland see Greenland Grono Graubünden, S Switzerland 46°15´N 09°07´E Grönskåra Kalmar, S Sweden 57°04´N 15°45´E Groom Texas, SW USA 35°12´N 101°06´W Groom Lake c Nevada, W USA Groot j S South Africa Groote Eylandt island Northern Territory, N Australia Grootegast Groningen, NE Netherlands 53°11´N 06°12´E Grootfontein Otjozondjupa, N Namibia 19°32´S 18°05´E

83 E22 Groot Karasberge m S Namibia Groot Karoo see Great Karoo Groot-Kei see Nciba 15 V6 Grosses-Roches Québec, SE Canada 48°55´N 67°06´W 109 V2 Gross-Siegharts Niederösterreich, N Austria 48°48´N 15°25´E 45 T10 Gros Islet N Saint Lucia 14°04´N 60°57´W 44 L8 Gros-Morne NW Haiti 19°45´N 72°46´W

13 S11 Gros Morne l Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, E Canada 49°38´N 57°45´W 103 R9 Grosne j C France 45 S12 Gros Piton l SW Saint Lucia 13°48´N 61°04´W Grossa, Isola see Dugi Otok Grossbetschkerek see Zrenjanin Grosse Isper see Grosse Ysper Grosse Kokel see Târnava Mare 101 M21 Grosse Laaber var. Grosse Laber. j SE Germany Grosse Laber see Grosse Laaber Grosse Morava see Velika Morava 101 O15 Grossenhain Sachsen, E Germany 51°18´N 13°31´E

109 Y4

Grossenzersdorf Niederösterreich, NE Austria

109 U4 Grosse Ysper var. Grosse Isper. j N Austria 101 G19 Gross-Gerau Hessen, W Germany 49°55´N 08°28´E 109 U3 Gross Gerungs Niederösterreich, N Austria 109 P8

109

101 109 109 101

109

109 99 94 19 29 107 107 106 21 98 13 14 36 36 27 31 18 23 33 35 25 19 25 36

127

112

110 25 40 67 95 109 101

92 21 29 25 108 108 118

48°12´N 16°33´E

101 O21 Grosser Arber l SE Germany 49°07´N 13°10´E 101 K17 Grosser Beerberg l C Germany 50°39´N 10°45´E 101 G18 Grosser Feldberg l W Germany 50°13´N 08°28´E 109 O8 Grosser Löffler It. Monte Lovello. l Austria/Italy 47°02´N 11°56´E

109 N8 Grosser Möseler var. Mesule. l Austria/Italy 47°01´N 11°52´E

Grosser Plöner See c N Germany 101 O21 Grosser Rachel l SE Germany 48°59´N 13°23´E Grosser Sund see Suur Väin 109 P8 Grosses Wiesbachhorn var. Wiesbachhorn. l W Austria 100 J8

47°09´N 12°44´E 106 F13 Grosseto Toscana, C Italy 42°45´N 11°07´E 101 M22 Grosse Vils j SE Germany

Country Country Capital

126 124 111 94 110

110 92 95

48°33´N 14°58´E

Grossglockner l W Austria

47°05´N 12°39´E Grosskanizsa see Nagykanizsa Gross-Karol see Carei Grosskikinda see Kikinda W9 Grossklein Steiermark, SE Austria 46°43´N 15°24´E Grosskoppe see Velká Deštná Grossmeseritsch see Velké Meziříčí Grossmichel see Michalovce H19 Grossostheim Bayern, C Germany 49°54´N 09°03´E X7 Grosspetersdorf Burgenland, SE Austria 47°15´N 16°19´E T5 Grossraming Oberösterreich, C Austria 47°54´N 14°34´E P14 Grossräschen Brandenburg, E Germany 51°34´N 14°00´E Grossrauschenbach see Revúca Gross-Sankt-Johannis see Suure-Jaani Gross-Schlatten see Abrud Gross-Skaisgirren see Bol’shakovo Gross-Steffelsdorf see Rimavská Sobota Gross Strehlitz see Strzelce Opolskie O8 Grossvenediger l W Austria 47°07´N 12°19´E Grosswardein see Oradea Gross Wartenberg see Syców U11 Grosuplje C Slovenia 46°00´N 14°36´E H17 Grote Nete j N Belgium E10 Grotli Oppland, S Norway 62°02´N 07°36´E N13 Groton Connecticut, NE USA 41°20´N 72°03´W P8 Groton South Dakota, N USA 45°27´N 98°06´W P18 Grottaglie Puglia, SE Italy 40°32´N 17°26´E L17 Grottaminarda Campania, S Italy 41°04´N 15°02´E K13 Grottammare Marche, C Italy 43°00´N 13°52´E U5 Grottoes Virginia, NE USA 38°16´N 78°49´W L6 Grou Dutch. Grouw. Fryslân, N Netherlands 53°07´N 05°51´E N10 Groulx, Monts m Québec, E Canada E7 Groundhog j Ontario, S Canada J1 Grouse Creek Utah, W USA 41°41´N 113°52´W J1 Grouse Creek Mountains m Utah, W USA Grouw see Grou R8 Grove Oklahoma, C USA 36°35´N 94°46´W S13 Grove City Ohio, N USA 39°52´N 83°05´W B13 Grove City Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°09´N 80°02´W O6 Grove Hill Alabama, S USA 31°42´N 87°46´W S15 Grover Wyoming, C USA 42°48´N 110°57´W P13 Grover City California, W USA 35°08´N 120°37´W Y11 Groves Texas, SW USA 29°57´N 93°55´W O7 Groveton New Hampshire, NE USA 44°35´N 71°28´W W9 Groveton Texas, SW USA 31°04´N 95°08´W J15 Growler Mountains m Arizona, SW USA Grozdovo see Bratya Daskalovi P16 Groznyy Chechenskaya Respublika, SW Russian Federation 43°20´N 45°43´E Grubeshov see Hrubieszów G9 Grubišno Polje BjelovarBilogora, NE Croatia 45°42´N 17°09´E Grudovo see Sredets J9 Grudziądz Ger. Graudenz. Kujawsko-pomorskie, C Poland 53°29´N 18°45´E R17 Grulla var. La Grulla. Texas, SW USA 26°15´N 98°37´W K14 Grullo Jalisco, SW Mexico 19°45´N 104°15´W V10 Grumeti j N Tanzania K16 Grums Värmland, C Sweden 59°22´N 13°11´E S5 Grünau im Almtal Oberösterreich, N Austria 47°51´N 13°56´E H17 Grünberg Hessen, W Germany 50°36´N 08°57´E Grünberg/Grünberg in Schlesien see Zielona Góra H3 Grundarfjörður Vestfirðir, W Iceland 64°55´N 23°15´W P7 Grundy Virginia, NE USA 37°17´N 82°06´W W13 Grundy Center Iowa, C USA 42°21´N 92°46´W Grüneberg see Zielona Góra N1 Gruver Texas, SW USA 36°16´N 101°24´W C9 Gruyère, Lac de la Ger. Greyerzer See. c SW Switzerland C9 Gruyères Fribourg, W Switzerland 46°34´N 07°04´E E11 Gruzdĭai Šiauliai, N Lithuania 56°06´N 23°15´E Gruzinskaya SSR/Gruziya see Georgia Gryada Akkyr see Akgyr Erezi L7 Gryazi Lipetskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 52°27´N 39°56´E M14 Gryazovets Vologodskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 58°52´N 40°12´E M17 Grybów Małopolskie, SE Poland 49°35´N 20°54´E M13 Grycksbo Dalarna, C Sweden 60°40´N 15°30´E E8 Gryfice Ger. Greifenberg, Greifenberg in Pommern. Zachodnio-pomorskie, NW Poland 53°55´N 15°11´E D9 Gryfino Ger. Greifenhagen. Zachodnio-pomorskie, NW Poland 53°15´N 14°30´E H9 Gryllefjord Troms, N Norway 69°21´N 17°07´E L15 Grythyttan Örebro, C Sweden 59°52´N 14°31´E

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

108 D10 Gstaad Bern, W Switzerland

40 J8

43 P14 Guabito Bocas del Toro, NW Panama 09°30´N 82°35´W 44 G7 Guacanayabo, Golfo de gulf S Cuba 40 I7 Guachochi Chihuahua, N Mexico 104 J11 Guadajira j SW Spain 104 M13 Guadajoz j S Spain 40 L13 Guadalajara Jalisco, C Mexico 20°43´N 103°24´W 105 O8 Guadalajara Ar. Wad Al-Hajarah; anc. Arriaca. Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain

44 A5

46°30´N 07°16´E

105 O7 104 K12 186 L10 186 M9

105 105 104 105 105 104 105 104 104

40°37´N 03°10´W Guadalajara r province Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain Guadalcanal Andalucía, S Spain 38°06´N 05°49´W Guadalcanal off. Guadalcanal Province. r province C Solomon Islands Guadalcanal island C Solomon Islands Guadalcanal Province see Guadalcanal Guadalén j S Spain Guadalentín j SE Spain Guadalete j SW Spain Guadalimar j S Spain Guadalmena j S Spain Guadalmez j W Spain Guadalope j E Spain Guadalquivir j W Spain

O12 R13 K15 O13 P12 L11 S7 K13 J14 Guadalquivir, Marismas del var. Las Marismas. wetland SW Spain 40 M11 Guadalupe Zacatecas, C Mexico 22°47´N 102°30´W 57 E16 Guadalupe Ica, W Peru

13°59´S 75°49´W 104 L10 Guadalupe Extremadura, W Spain 39°26´N 05°18´W 36 L14 Guadalupe Arizona, SW USA 33°20´N 111°57´W 35 P13 Guadalupe California, W USA 34°55´N 120°34´W Guadalupe see Canelones

Guadalupe Bravos Chihuahua, N Mexico 31°22´N 106°04´W A4 Guadalupe, Isla island NW Mexico U15 Guadalupe Mountains m New Mexico/Texas, SW USA J8 Guadalupe Peak l Texas, SW USA 31°53´N 104°51´W R11 Guadalupe River j SW USA K10 Guadalupe, Sierra de m W Spain K9 Guadalupe Victoria Durango, C Mexico 24°30´N 104°08´W I8 Guadalupe y Calvo Chihuahua, N Mexico 26°04´N 106°58´W N7 Guadarrama Madrid, C Spain 40°40´N 04°06´W N7 Guadarrama j C Spain M7 Guadarrama, Puerto de pass C Spain N9 Guadarrama, Sierra de m C Spain Q9 Guadazaón j C Spain X10 Guadeloupe p French overseas department E West Indies S3 Guadeloupe island group E West Indies W10 Guadeloupe Passage passage E Caribbean Sea H13 Guadiana j Portugal/Spain O13 Guadiana Menor j S Spain Q8 Guadiela j C Spain O14 Guadix Andalucía, S Spain 37°19´N 03°08´W Guad-i-Zirreh see Gowd-e Zereh, Dasht-e T12 Guafo Fracture Zone tectonic feature SE Pacific Ocean F18 Guafo, Isla island S Chile I6 Guaimaca Francisco Morazán, C Honduras 14°34´N 86°49´W J12 Guainía off. Comisaría del Guainía. r province E Colombia Guainía, Comisaría del see Guainía K12 Guainía, Río j Colombia/ Venezuela O9 Guaiquinima, Cerro elevation SE Venezuela G10 Guaíra Paraná, S Brazil 24°05´S 54°15´W L7 Guaíra São Paulo, S Brazil 20°17´S 48°21´W O7 Guairá off. Departamento del Guairá. r department S Paraguay Guairá, Departamento del see Guairá Guaire see Gorey F18 Guaiteca, Isla island S Chile G6 Guajaba, Cayo headland C Cuba 21°50´N 77°33´W D16 Guajará-Mirim Rondônia, W Brazil 10°50´S 65°21´W Guajira see La Guajira Guajira, Departamento de La see La Guajira H3 Guajira, Península de la peninsula N Colombia J6 Gualaco Olancho, C Honduras 15°00´N 86°03´W L7 Gualala California, W USA 38°45´N 123°33´W E5 Gualán Zacapa, C Guatemala 15°06´N 89°22´W C19 Gualeguay Entre Ríos, E Argentina 33°09´S 59°20´W D18 Gualeguaychú Entre Ríos, E Argentina 33°03´S 58°31´W C18 Gualeguay, Río j E Argentina K16 Gualicho, Salina del salt lake E Argentina B15 Guam p US unincorporated territory W Pacific Ocean F19 Guamblin, Isla island Archipiélago de los Chonos, S Chile A22 Guaminí Buenos Aires, E Argentina 37°01´S 62°28´W H8 Guamúchil Sinaloa, C Mexico 25°23´N 108°01´W H4 Guana var. Misión de Guana. Zulia, NW Venezuela 11°07´N 72°17´W C4 Guanabacoa La Habana, W Cuba 23°02´N 82°12´W K13 Guanacaste off. Provincia de Guanacaste. r province NW Costa Rica K12 Guanacaste, Cordillera de m NW Costa Rica Guanacaste, Provincia de see Guanacaste

40 J3 40 37 24 25 104 40 40 105 105 104 105 105 45 47 45 104 105 105 105

193 63 42 54

54 55 60 60 62

63 44 59

54 42 34 42 61 61 61 63 188 63 61 40 54 44 42 42

Administrative Regions International Airport

42 K4 44 C4 41 N12 40 M12 54 J6 54 K7 54 J6

Guanaceví Durango, C Mexico 25°55´N 105°51´W Guanahacabibes, Golfo de gulf W Cuba Guanaja, Isla de island Islas de la Bahía, N Honduras Guanajay La Habana, W Cuba 22°56´N 82°42´W Guanajuato Guanajuato, C Mexico 21°N 101°19´W Guanajuato r state C Mexico Guanare Portuguesa, N Venezuela 09°04´N 69°45´W Guanare, Río j W Venezuela Guanarito Portuguesa, NW Venezuela 08°43´N 69°12´W

160 M3 Guancen Shan m C China 62 I9 Guandacol La Rioja, W Argentina

29°32´S 68°37´W 44 A5 Guane Pinar del Río, W Cuba 22°12´N 84°05´W 161 N14 Guangdong var. Guangdong Sheng, Kuang-tung, Kwangtung, Yue. r province S China Guangdong Sheng see Guangdong Guanghua see Laohekou Guangju see Gwangju 161 Q9 Guangming Ding l Anhui, China 30°06´N 118°04´E 160 I13 Guangnan var. Liancheng. Yunnan, SW China 24°07´N 104°54´E 161 N8 Guangshui prev. Yinshan. Hubei, C China 31°41´N 113°53´E Guangxi see Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu

160 K14 Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu var. Guangxi, Gui, Kuang-hsi, Kwangsi, Eng. Kwangsi Chuang Autonomous Region. r autonomous region S China 160 J8 Guangyuan var. Kuang-yuan, Kwangyuan. Sichuan, C China 32°27´N 105°49´E 161 N14 Guangzhou var. Kuangchou, Kwangchow, Eng. Canton. province capital Guangdong, S China 23°11´N 113°19´E 59 N19 Guanhães Minas Gerais, SE Brazil 18°46´S 42°58´W 160 I12 Guanling var. Guanling Bouyeizu Miaozu Zizhixian. Guizhou, S China 26°00´N 105°40´E

Guanling Bouyeizu Miaozu Zizhixian see Guanling 55 N5 Guanta Anzoátegui, NE Venezuela 10°15´N 64°38´W 44 J8 Guantánamo Guantánamo, SE Cuba 20°06´N 75°16´W 44 J8 Guantánamo, Bahia de Eng. Guantanamo Bay. US military base SE Cuba20°06´N 75°16´W Guantanamo Bay see Guantánamo, Bahia de Guanxian/Guan Xian see Dujiangyan 161 Q6 Guanyun var. Yishan. Jiangsu, E China 34°18´N 119°14´E

54 C12 Guapí Cauca, SW Colombia 02°36´N 77°54´W

43 N13 Guápiles Limón, NE Costa Rica 10°15´N 83°46´W 61 I15 Guaporé Rio Grande do Sul, S Brazil 28°55´S 51°53´W 47 S8 Guaporé, Rio var. Río Iténez. j Bolivia/Brazil see also Río Iténez Guaporé, Rio see Iténez, Río 56 B7 Guaranda Bolívar, C Ecuador 01°35´S 78°59´W 60 H11 Guaraniaçu Paraná, S Brazil 25°05´S 52°52´W 59 O20 Guarapari Espírito Santo, SE Brazil 20°39´S 40°31´W 60 I12 Guarapuava Paraná, S Brazil 25°22´S 51°28´W 60 J8 Guararapes São Paulo, S Brazil 21°16´S 50°37´W

105 S4

60 N10 104 I7 104 I7 104 M3 104 K11 60 J11 54 L6 44 J7 54 L7 60 M10 61 L22 43 R17 40 H8 54 I8 55 Q7 186 I9 106 F9 42 D6 42 D5 42 A2 193 S7

45 V14 186 B8

Guara, Sierra de m NE Spain Guaratinguetá São Paulo, S Brazil 22°44´S 45°16´W Guarda Guarda, N Portugal 40°32´N 07°17´W Guarda r district N Portugal Guardak see Magdanly Guardo Castilla y León, N Spain 42°48´N 04°50´W Guareña Extremadura, W Spain 38°51´N 06°06´W Guaricana, Pico l S Brazil 25°13´S 48°50´W Guárico off. Estado Guárico. r state N Venezuela Guárico, Estado see Guárico Guarico, Punta headland E Cuba 20°36´N 74°43´W Guárico, Río j C Venezuela Guarujá São Paulo, SE Brazil 23°50´S 46°27´W Guarulhos k (São Paulo) São Paulo, S Brazil 23°23´S 46°32´W Guarumal Veraguas, S Panama 07°48´N 81°15´W Guasapa see Guasopa Guasave Sinaloa, C Mexico 25°33´N 108°29´W Guasdualito Apure, C Venezuela 07°15´N 70°40´W Guasipati Bolívar, E Venezuela 07°28´N 61°58´W Guasopa var. Guasapa. Woodlark Island, SE Papua New Guinea 09°12´S 152°58´E Guastalla Emilia-Romagna, C Italy 44°54´N 10°38´E Guastatoya var. El Progreso. El Progreso, C Guatemala 14°51´N 90°01´W Guatemala off. Republic of Guatemala. b republic Central America Guatemala off. Departamento de Guatemala. r department S Guatemala Guatemala Basin undersea feature E Pacific Ocean 11°00´N 95°00´W Guatemala City see Ciudad de Guatemala Guatemala, Departamento de see Guatemala Guatemala, Republic of see Guatemala Guatuaro Point headland Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago 10°19´N 60°58´W Guavi j SW Papua New Guinea

Mountain Mountain Range

54 G13 Guaviare off. Comisaría Guaviare. r province S Colombia Guaviare, Comisaría see Guaviare 54 J11 Guaviare, Río j E Colombia 61 E15 Guaviravi Corrientes, NE Argentina 29°20´S 56°50´W 54 G12 Guayabero, Río j SW Colombia 45 U6 Guayama E Puerto Rico 42 J7

45 V6 42 J6 56 B7

56 A8

56 A7 62 N7 40 F6 45 U5

17°59´N 66°07´W

Guayambre, Río j S Honduras Guayanas, Macizo de las see Guiana Highlands Guayanés, Punta headland E Puerto Rico 18°03´N 65°48´W Guayape, Río j C Honduras Guayaquil var. Santiago de Guayaquil. Guayas, SW Ecuador 02°13´S 79°54´W Guayaquil see Simon Bolivar Guayaquil, Golfo de var. Gulf of Guayaquil. gulf SW Ecuador Guayaquil, Gulf of see Guayaquil, Golfo de Guayas r province W Ecuador Guaycurú, Río j NE Argentina Guaymas Sonora, NW Mexico 27°56´N 110°54´W Guaynabo E Puerto Rico 18°19´N 66°05´W

80 H12 Guba Bīnishangul Gumuz, W Ethiopia 11°11´N 35°21´E

146 H8 Gubadag Turkm. Tel’man; prev. Tel’mansk. Dașoguz Welaýaty, N Turkmenistan 42°07´N 59°55´E

125 V13 Gubakha Permskiy Kray, NW Russian Federation 106 I12 100 Q13

110 D12 126 K8 162 J9

105 S8 137 P8 94 G12 95 G21 127 P16 155 J18 146 B13 94 D13 103 U7 14 K8 76 J15 41 R16 78 G11 74 L5 74 D8 14 G15 102 I7 102 I7 78 I11 102 H8 78 K9 103 N10

58°52´N 57°35´E Gubbio Umbria, C Italy 43°27´N 12°34´E Guben var. WilhelmPieck-Stadt. Brandenburg, E Germany 51°59´N 14°42´E Guben see Gubin Gubin Ger. Guben. Lubuskie, W Poland 51°59´N 14°43´E Gubkin Belgorodskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 51°16´N 37°32´E Guchin-Us var. Arguut. Övörhangay, C Mongolia 45°27´N 102°25´E Gudara see Ghŭdara Gúdar, Sierra de m E Spain Gudauta prev. Gudaut’a. NW Georgia 43°07´N 40°35´E Gudaut’a see Gudauta Gudbrandsdalen valley S Norway Gudenå var. Gudenaa. j C Denmark Gudenaa see Gudenå Gudermes Chechenskaya Respublika, SW Russian Federation 43°23´N 46°06´E Gūdūr Andhra Pradesh, E India 14°10´N 79°51´E Gudurolum Balkan Welaýaty, W Turkmenistan 37°28´N 54°30´E Gudvangen Sogn Og Fjordane, S Norway 60°54´N 06°49´E Guebwiller Haut-Rhin, NE France 47°55´N 07°13´E Guéckédou see Guékédou Guéguen, Lac c Québec, SE Canada Guékédou var. Guéckédou. Guinée-Forestière, S Guinea 08°33´N 10°08´W Guelatao Oaxaca, SE Mexico Guelders see Gelderland Guélengdeng Mayo-Kébbi Est, W Chad 10°55´N 15°31´E Guelma var. Gâlma. NE Algeria 36°29´N 07°25´E Guelmime var. Goulimime. SW Morocco 28°59´N 10°10´W Guelph Ontario, S Canada 43°34´N 80°16´W Gueméné-Penfao LoireAtlantique, NW France 47°37´N 01°49´W Guer Morbihan, NW France 47°54´N 02°07´W Guéra off. Région du Guéra. r region S Chad Guérande Loire-Atlantique, NW France 47°20´N 02°25´W Guéra, Région du see Guéra Guéréda Wadi Fira, E Chad 14°30´N 22°05´E Guéret Creuse, C France 46°10´N 01°52´E

Guernica/Guernica y Lumo see Gernika-Lumo 33 Z15 Guernsey Wyoming, C USA 42°16´N 104°44´W

97 K25 Guernsey p British Crown Dependency Channel Islands, NW Europe 97 K25 Guernsey island Channel Islands, NW Europe 76 J10 Guérou Assaba, S Mauritania 16°48´N 11°40´W

78 F12 Guider var. Guidder. Nord, N Cameroon 09°55´N 13°59´E 76 I11 Guidimaka r region S Mauritania 77 W12 Guidimouni Zinder, S Niger 13°40´N 09°31´E

76 G10 Guier, Lac de var. Lac de Guiers. c N Senegal Guiers, Lac de see Guier, Lac de 160 L14 Guigang var. Guixian, Gui Xian. Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, S China 23°06´N 109°36´E

76 L16 Guiglo W Ivory Coast

06°33´N 07°29´W Güigüe Carabobo, N Venezuela 10°05´N 67°48´W 83 M20 Guijá Gaza, S Mozambique 24°31´S 33°02´E

54 L5

Güija, Lago de c El Salvador/Guatemala 160 L14 Gui Jiang var. Gui Shui. j S China 104 K8 Guijuelo Castilla y León, N Spain 40°34´N 05°40´W Guilan see Gīlān 97 N22 Guildford SE England, United Kingdom 42 E7

51°14´N 00°35´W Guildford Maine, NE USA 45°10´N 69°22´W 19 O7 Guildhall Vermont, NE USA 44°34´N 71°36´W 103 R13 Guilherand Ardèche, E France 44°57´N 04°49´E 160 L13 Guilin var. Kuei-lin, Kweilin. Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, S China 25°15´N 110°16´E

19 R5

Guillaume-Delisle, Lac c Québec, NE Canada 103 U13 Guillestre Hautes-Alpes, SE France 44°41´N 06°39´E 104 H6 Guimarães var. Guimaráes. Braga, N Portugal 12 J6

41°26´N 08°19´W

Guimaráes see Guimarães 58 D11 Guimarães Rosas, Pico l NW Brazil 23 N3 Guin Alabama, S USA 33°58´N 87°54´W

Güina see Wina 76 I14 Guinea off. Republic of Guinea, var. Guinée; prev. French Guinea, People’s Revolutionary Republic of Guinea. b republic W Africa 64 N13 Guinea Basin undersea feature E Atlantic Ocean 0°00´N 05°00´W

76 E12 Guinea-Bissau off. Republic of Guinea-Bissau, Fr. GuinéeBissau, Port. Guiné-Bissau; prev. Portuguese Guinea. b republic W Africa Guinea-Bissau, Republic of see Guinea-Bissau 66 K7 Guinea Fracture Zone tectonic feature E Atlantic Ocean 64 O13 Guinea, Gulf of Fr. Golfe de Guinée. gulf E Atlantic Ocean Guinea, People’s Revolutionary Republic of see Guinea Guinea, Republic of see Guinea Guiné-Bissau see Guinea-Bissau Guinée see Guinea Guinée-Bissau see Guinea-Bissau Guinée, Golfe de see Guinea, Gulf of 44 C4 Güines La Habana, W Cuba 22°50´N 82°02´W

102 G5 Guingamp Côtes d’Armor, NW France 48°34´N 03°09´W Guipúzcoa see Gipuzkoa 44 C5 Güira de Melena La Habana, W Cuba 22°47´N 82°33´W 74 G8 Guir, Hamada du desert Algeria/Morocco 55 P5 Güiria Sucre, NE Venezuela 10°37´N 62°21´W

Gui Shui see Gui Jiang 104 H2 Guitiriz Galicia, NW Spain 43°10´N 07°52´W

77 N17 Guitri S Ivory Coast 05°31´N 05°14´W

171 Q5 Guiuan Samar, C Philippines 11°02´N 125°45´E

Gui Xian/Guixian see Guigang 160 J12 Guiyang var. Kuei-Yang, Kuei-yang, Kueyang, Kweiyang; prev. Kweichu. province capital Guizhou, S China 26°33´N 106°45´E 160 J12 Guizhou var. Guizhou Sheng, Kuei-chou, Kweichow, Qian. r province S China Guizhou Sheng see Guizhou 102 J13 Gujan-Mestras Gironde, SW France 44°39´N 01°04´W 154 B10 Gujarāt var. Gujerat. r state W India 149 V6 Gūjar Khān Punjab, E Pakistan 33°19´N 73°23´E Gujerat see Gujarāt 149 V7 Gujrānwāla Punjab, NE Pakistan 32°11´N 74°09´E 149 V7 Gujrāt Punjab, E Pakistan 146 B8

25 R16 Guerra Texas, SW USA

159 U9

41 O15 Guerrero r state S Mexico 40 D6 Guerrero Negro Baja California Sur, NW Mexico

183 R6

26°54´N 98°53´W

103 P9 76 M17 107 L15 188 K5

47 V4 48 G6

102 I7 61 E18 77 U12 159 T10

Volcano River

27°56´N 114°04´W Gueugnon Saône-et-Loire, C France 46°36´N 04°03´E Guéyo S Ivory Coast 05°25´N 06°04´W Guglionesi Molise, C Italy 41°54´N 14°54´E Guguan island C Northern Mariana Islands Guhrau see Góra Gui see Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu Guiana see French Guiana Guiana Basin undersea feature W Atlantic Ocean 11°00´N 52°00´W Guiana Highlands var. Macizo de las Guayanas. m N South America Guiba see Juba Guichen Ille-et-Vilaine, NW France 47°57´N 01°47´W Guichi see Chizhou Guichón Paysandú, W Uruguay 32°30´S 57°13´W Guidan-Roumji Maradi, S Niger 13°40´N 06°41´E Guidder see Guider Guide var. Heyin. Qinghai, C China 36°06´N 101°25´E

Lake Reservoir

155 G15 118 J8 147 U10

173 T10 136 J16 186 D8 23 O9

23 V13 22 M9 23 O9 183 R7 160 I11

32°34´N 74°04´E Gulandag Rus. Gory Kulandag. m Balkan Welaýaty, W Turkmenistan Gulang Gansu, C China 37°31´N 102°55´E Gulargambone New South Wales, SE Australia 31°19´S 148°31´E Gulbarga Karnātaka, C India 17°22´N 76°47´E Gulbene Ger. AltSchwanenburg. NE Latvia 57°10´N 26°44´E Gul’cha Kir. Gülchö. Oshskaya Oblast’, SW Kyrgyzstan 40°16´N 73°27´E Gülchö see Gul’cha Gulden Draak Seamount undersea feature E Indian Ocean 33°45´S 101°00´E Gülek Boğazı var. Cilician Gates. pass S Turkey Gulf r province S Papua New Guinea Gulf Breeze Florida, SE USA 30°21´N 87°09´W Gulf of Liaotung see Liaodong Wan Gulfport Florida, SE USA 27°45´N 82°42´W Gulfport Mississippi, S USA 30°22´N 89°06´W Gulf Shores Alabama, S USA 30°15´N 87°40´W Gulgong New South Wales, SE Australia 32°22´S 149°31´E Gulin Sichuan, C China 28°06´N 105°47´E

Gulir – HalmaHera, Pulau 171 U14 Gulir Pulau Kasiui, E Indonesia 04°27´S 131°41´E Gulistan see Guliston 147 P10 Guliston Rus. Gulistan. Sirdaryo Viloyati, E Uzbekistan 40°29´N 68°46´E 163 T6 Guliya Shan l NE China 39 11 31 29 95 136 152

99

145 81 114

79 81 146

77 105 153 101 77

137 137

171 154

183 183 183 79 155 136

49°42´N 122°22´E Gulja see Yining S11 Gulkana Alaska, USA 62°17´N 145°25´W S17 Gull Lake Saskatchewan, S Canada 50°05´N 108°30´W P10 Gull Lake c Michigan, N USA T6 Gull Lake c Minnesota, N USA L16 Gullspång Västra Götaland, S Sweden 58°58´N 14°04´E B15 Güllük Körfezi prev. Akbük Limanı. bay W Turkey H5 Gulmarg Jammu and Kashmir, NW India 34°04´N 74°25´E Gulpaigan see Golpāyegān L18 Gulpen Limburg, SE Netherlands 50°48´N 05°53´E Gul’shad see Gul’shat S13 Gul’shat var. Gul’shad. Karaganda, E Kazakhstan 46°37´N 74°22´E F17 Gulu N Uganda 02°46´N 32°21´E Gŭlŭbovo see Galabovo I7 Gulyantsi Pleven, N Bulgaria 43°37´N 24°40´E Gulyaypole see Hulyaypole Guma see Pishan Gümai see Darlag K16 Gumba Equateur, NW Dem. Rep. Congo 02°58´N 21°23´E Gumbinnen see Gusev H24 Gumbiro Ruvuma, S Tanzania 10°19´S 35°40´E B11 Gumdag prev. KumDag. Balkan Welaýaty, W Turkmenistan 39°13´N 54°35´E W12 Gumel Jigawa, N Nigeria 12°37´N 09°23´E N5 Gumiel de Hizán Castilla y León, N Spain 41°46´N 03°42´W P16 Gumla Jhārkhand, N India 23°03´N 84°36´E Gumma see Gunma F16 Gummersbach NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 51°01´N 07°34´E T13 Gummi Zamfara, NW Nigeria 12°07´N 05°07´E Gumpolds see Humpolec Gumti see Gomati Gümülcine/Gümüljina see Komotiní Gümüşane see Gümüşhane O12 Gümüşhane var. Gümüşane, Gumushkhane. Gümüşhane, NE Turkey 40°31´N 39°27´E O12 Gümüşhane var. Gümüşane, Gumushkhane. r province NE Turkey Gumushkhane see Gümüşhane V14 Gumzai Pulau Kola, E Indonesia 05°27´S 134°38´E H9 Guna Madhya Pradesh, C India 24°39´N 77°18´E Gunabad see Gonābād Gunan see Qijiang Gunbad-i-Qawus see Gonbad-e Kāvūs O9 Gunbar New South Wales, SE Australia 34°03´S 145°32´E O9 Gun Creek seasonal river New South Wales, SE Australia Q10 Gundagai New South Wales, SE Australia 35°06´S 148°03´E K17 Gundji Equateur, N Dem. Rep. Congo 02°03´N 21°31´E G20 Gundlupet Karnātaka, W India 11°48´N 76°42´E G16 Gündoğmuş Antalya, S Turkey 36°50´N 32°07´E

137 O14 Güney Doğu Toroslar m SE Turkey 79 J21 Gungu Bandundu, SW Dem. Rep. Congo 05°43´S 19°20´E 127 P17 Gunib Respublika Dagestan, SW Russian Federation

42°24´N 46°55´E 112 J11 Gunja Vukovar-Srijem, E Croatia 44°53´N 18°51´E 31 P9 Gun Lake c Michigan, N USA 165 N12 Gunma off. Gunma-ken, var. Gumma. r prefecture Honshū, S Japan Gunma-ken see Gunma

197 P15 Gunnbjørn Fjeld var. Gunnbjörns Bjerge. l C Greenland 69°03´N 29°36´W

Gunnbjörns Bjerge see Gunnbjørn Fjeld 183 S6 Gunnedah New South Wales, SE Australia 30°59´S 150°15´E 173 Y15 Gunner’s Quoin var. Coin de Mire. island N Mauritius 37 R6 Gunnison Colorado, C USA 36 L5 37 P5 21 X2 163 X16

109 S4 155 H17 23 Q2 23 Q2 109 X4 155 J16 168 H10 155 M14 101 J23 101 J22 101 K21

38°33´N 106°55´W Gunnison Utah, W USA 39°09´N 111°49´W

Gunnison River j Colorado, C USA Gunpowder River j Maryland, NE USA Güns see Kőszeg Gunsan var. Gunsan, Jap. Gunzan; prev. Kunsan. W South Korea 35°58´N 126°42´E Gunsan see Gunsan Gunskirchen Oberösterreich, N Austria 48°07´N 13°54´E Gunt see Ghund Guntakal Andhra Pradesh, C India 15°11´N 77°24´E Guntersville Alabama, S USA 34°21´N 86°17´W Guntersville Lake d Alabama, S USA Guntramsdorf Niederösterreich, E Austria 48°03´N 16°19´E Guntūr var. Guntur. Andhra Pradesh, SE India 16°20´N 80°27´E Gunungsitoli Pulau Nias, W Indonesia 01°11´N 97°35´E Gunupur Odisha, E India 19°04´N 83°52´E Günz j S Germany Gunzan see Gunsan Günzburg Bayern, S Germany 48°26´N 10°18´E Gunzenhausen Bayern, S Germany 49°07´N 10°45´E Guolüezhen see Lingbao Guovdageaidnu see Kautokeino

161 P7

159 W10 Guyuan Ningxia, N China

Guoyang Anhui, E China 33°30´N 116°12´E

116 G11 Gurahon Hung. Honctő. Arad, W Romania

121

46°16´N 22°21´E

Gurahumora see Gura Humorului Gura Humorului Ger. Gurahumora. Suceava, NE Romania 47°31´N 26°00´E 146 H8 Gurbansoltan Eje prev. Ýylanly, Rus. Il’yaly. Dașoguz Welaýaty, N Turkmenistan 116 K9

41°57´N 59°42´E

Gurbantünggüt Shamo desert W China 152 H7 Gurdāspur Punjab, N India 158 K4

121

40 147 119

32°04´N 75°28´E

27 T13 Gurdon Arkansas, C USA

33°55´N 93°09´W Gurdzhaani see Gurjaani Gurgan see Gorgān 152 I10 Gurgaon Haryāna, N India 28°27´N 77°01´E 59 M15 Gurguéia, Rio j NE Brazil

183

55 Q7 Guri, Embalse de d E Venezuela 137 V10 Gurjaani Rus. Gurdzhaani. E Georgia

148

109 T8

148

109 T9 114 K9

148

41°42´N 45°47´E Gurk Kärnten, S Austria 46°52´N 14°17´E Gurk Slvn. Krka. j S Austria Gurkfeld see Krško Gurkovo prev. Kolupchii. Stara Zagora, C Bulgaria 42°42´N 25°46´E

83 154

Gurktaler Alpen m S Austria 146 H8 Gurlan Rus. Gurlen. Xorazm Viloyati, W Uzbekistan 109 S9

83 M16 136 M14 59 K16 58 L12 152 E14 162 H8 162 K7 162 I11

41°54´N 60°18´E Gurlen see Gurlan Guro Manica, C Mozambique 17°28´S 33°18´E Gürün Sivas, C Turkey 38°44´N 37°15´E Gurupi Tocantins, C Brazil 11°44´S 49°01´W Gurupi, Rio j NE Brazil Guru Sikhar l NW India 24°45´N 72°51´E Gurvanbulag var. Höviyn Am. Bayanhongor, C Mongolia 47°08´N 98°41´E Gurvanbulag var. Avdzaga. Bulgan, C Mongolia 47°43´N 103°30´E Gurvantes var. Urt. Ömnögovĭ, S Mongolia 43°16´N 101°00´E

Gur’yev/Gur’yevskaya Oblast’ see Atyrau 77 U13 Gusau Zamfara, NW Nigeria 126 C3

146 J17

77 Q14 165 S17 113 L16

12°18´N 06°27´E Gusev Ger. Gumbinnen. Kaliningradskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 54°36´N 22°14´E Gushgy Rus. Kushka. j Mary Welaýaty, S Turkmenistan Gushiago see Gushiegu Gushiegu var. Gushiago. NE Ghana 09°54´N 00°12´W Gushikawa Okinawa, Okinawa, SW Japan 26°21´N 127°50´E Gusinje E Montenegro 42°34´N 19°51´E

83 79 163

83 110 97 97

97 83 29 77 183 97

159

115

126 M4 Gus’-Khrustal’nyy Vladimirskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 55°39´N 40°42´E

107 B19 Guspini Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 109 X8 109 V6 92 O2

92 35 25 100 95

101 27 25 29 41

29

162 153 139 146

55

21

26 146

21 183

39°33´N 08°39´E Güssing Burgenland, SE Austria 47°03´N 16°19´E Gusswerk Steiermark, E Austria 47°43´N 15°18´E Gustav Adolf Land physical region NE Svalbard

Gustav Bull Mountains m Antarctica W13 Gustavus Alaska, USA 58°24´N 135°44´W O1 Gustav V Land physical region NE Svalbard P9 Gustine California, W USA 37°14´N 121°00´W R8 Gustine Texas, SW USA 31°51´N 98°24´W M9 Güstrow MecklenburgVorpommern, NE Germany 53°48´N 12°12´E N18 Gusum Östergötland, S Sweden 58°15´N 16°30´E Guta/Gúta see Kolárovo Gutenstein see Ravne na Koroškem G14 Gütersloh NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 51°54´N 08°23´E N10 Guthrie Oklahoma, C USA 35°53´N 97°26´W P5 Guthrie Texas, SW USA 33°38´N 100°21´W U14 Guthrie Center Iowa, C USA 41°40´N 94°30´W Q13 Gutiérrez Zamora Veracruz-Llave, E Mexico 20°29´N 97°07´W Gutta see Kolárovo Y12 Guttenberg Iowa, C USA 42°47´N 91°06´W Guttentag see Dobrodzień Guttstadt see Dobre Miasto G8 Guulin Govĭ-Altay, C Mongolia 46°33´N 97°21´E V12 Guwāhāti prev. Gauhāti. Assam, NE India 26°09´N 91°42´E R3 Guwēr var. Al Kuwayr, Al Quwayr, Quwair. Arbīl, N Iraq 36°03´N 43°30´E A10 Guwlumaýak Rus. Kuuli-Mayak. Balkan Welaýaty, NW Turkmenistan 40°14´N 52°43´E R9 Guyana off. Co-operative Republic of Guyana; prev. British Guiana. b republic N South America Guyana, Co-operative Republic of see Guyana P5 Guyandotte River j West Virginia, NE USA Guyane see French Guiana Guyi see Sanjiang H8 Guymon Oklahoma, C USA 36°42´N 101°30´W K12 Guynuk Lebap Welaýaty, NE Turkmenistan 39°18´N 63°00´E Guyong see Jiangle O9 Guyot, Mount l North Carolina/Tennessee, SE USA 35°42´N 83°15´W U5 Guyra New South Wales, SE Australia 30°13´S 151°42´E

195 X5 39

158

Country Country Capital

158 159 115 122

122

163 163

95 181 166 111 111 111

111

35°57´N 106°13´E Guzar see G‘uzor P2 Güzelyurt Gk. Kólpos Mórfu, Morphou. W Cyprus 35°12´N 33°E N2 Güzelyurt Körfezi var. Morfou Bay, Morphou Bay, Gk. Kólpos Mórfou. bay W Cyprus Guzhou see Rongjiang I3 Guzmán Chihuahua, N Mexico 31°13´N 107°27´W N13 G‘uzor Rus. Guzar. Qashqadaryo Viloyati, S Uzbekistan 38°41´N 66°12´E B14 Gvardeysk Ger. Tapaiu. Kaliningradskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 54°39´N 21°02´E Gvardeyskoye see Hvardiys’ke R5 Gwabegar New South Wales, SE Australia 30°34´S 148°58´E J16 Gwādar var. Gwadur. Baluchistān, SW Pakistan 25°09´N 62°21´E J16 Gwādar East Bay bay SW Pakistan J16 Gwādar West Bay bay SW Pakistan Gwadur see Gwādar J17 Gwai Matabeleland North, W Zimbabwe 19°17´S 27°37´E I7 Gwalior Madhya Pradesh, C India 26°16´N 78°12´E J18 Gwanda Matabeleland South, SW Zimbabwe 20°56´S 29°E N15 Gwane Orientale, N Dem. Rep. Congo 04°40´N 25°51´E X16 Gwangju off. Kwangjugwangyŏksi, var. Guangju, Kwangchu, Jap. Kōshū; prev. Kwangju. SW South Korea 35°09´N 126°53´E I17 Gwayi j W Zimbabwe G8 Gwda var. Głda, Ger. Küddow. j NW Poland C14 Gweebarra Bay Ir. Béal an Bheara. inlet W Ireland D14 Gweedore Ir. Gaoth Dobhair. Donegal, NW Ireland 55°03´N 08°14´W Gwelo see Gweru K21 Gwent cultural region S Wales, United Kingdom K17 Gweru prev. Gwelo. Midlands, C Zimbabwe 19°27´S 29°49´E Q7 Gwinner North Dakota, N USA 46°10´N 97°42´W Y13 Gwoza Borno, NE Nigeria 11°07´N 13°40´E Gwy see Wye R4 Gwydir River j New South Wales, SE Australia I19 Gwynedd var. Gwyneth. cultural region NW Wales, United Kingdom Gwyneth see Gwynedd O16 Gyaca var. Ngarrab. Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 29°06´N 92°37´E Gya’gya see Saga Gyaijêpozhanggê see Zhidoi Gyaisi see Jiulong M22 Gyalí var. Yialí. island Dodekánisa, Greece, Aegean Sea Gyamotang see Dêngqên Gyandzha see Gäncä Gyangkar see Dinggyê M16 Gyangzê Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 28°50´N 89°38´E L14 Gyaring Co c W China Q12 Gyaring Hu c C China I20 Gyáros var. Yioúra. island Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea J7 Gyda Yamalo-Nenetskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug, N Russian Federation 70°55´N 78°34´E J7 Gydanskiy Poluostrov Eng. Gyda Peninsula. peninsula N Russian Federation Gyda Peninsula see Gydanskiy Poluostrov Gyêgu see Yushu W15 Gyeonggi-man prev. Kyŏnggi-man. bay NW South Korea Z16 Gyeongju Jap. Keishū; prev. Kyŏngju. SE South Korea 35°49´N 129°09´E Gyéres see Câmpia Turzii Gyergyószentmiklós see Gheorgheni Gyergyótölgyes see Tulgheş Gyertyámos see Cărpiniş Gyeva see Detva Gyigang see Zayü Gyixong see Gonggar I23 Gyldenløveshøy hill range C Denmark Z10 Gympie Queensland, E Australia 26°05´S 152°40´E L7 Gyobingauk Bago, SW Myanmar (Burma) 18°14´N 95°39´E M23 Gyomaendrőd Békés, SE Hungary 46°56´N 20°50´E Gyömbér see Ďumbier L22 Gyöngyös Heves, NE Hungary 47°44´N 19°49´E H22 Győr Ger. Raab, Lat. Arrabona. Győr-MosonSopron, NW Hungary 47°41´N 17°40´E G22 Győr-Moson-Sopron off. Győr-Moson-Sopron Megye. r county NW Hungary

11 X15 12 M4 95 N14 115 F22 146 L13

Győr-MosonSopron Megye see Győr-Moson-Sopron Gypsumville Manitoba, S Canada 51°47´N 98°38´W Gyrfalcon Islands island group Northwest Territories, NE Canada Gysinge Gävleborg, C Sweden 60°16´N 16°55´E Gýtheio var. Githio; prev. Yíthion. Pelopónnisos, S Greece 36°46´N 22°34´E Gyuichbirleshik Lebap Welaýaty, E Turkmenistan

38°10´N 64°33´E 111 N24 Gyula Rom. Jula. Békés, SE Hungary 46°39´N 21°17´E Gyulafehérvár see Alba Iulia Gyulovo see Roza 137 T11 Gyumri var. Giumri, Rus. Kumayri; prev. Aleksandropol’, Leninakan. W Armenia 40°48´N 43°51´E

146 D13 Gyunuzyndag, Gora l Balkan Welaýaty, W Turkmenistan 38°15´N 56°25´E

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

146 J15 Gyzylbaydak Rus. Krasnoye Znamya. Mary Welaýaty, S Turkmenistan 36°51´N 62°24´E Gyzyletrek see Etrek 146 D10 Gyzylgaýa Rus. KizylKaya. Balkan Welaýaty, NW Turkmenistan 40°37´N 55°15´E 146 A10 Gyzylsuw Rus. KizylSu. Balkan Welaýaty, W Turkmenistan 39°49´N 53°00´E Gyzyrlabat see Serdar Gzhatsk see Gagarin

H 153 T12 Ha W Bhutan 27°17´N 89°22´E Haabai see Ha‘apai Group 99 H17 Haacht Vlaams Brabant, C Belgium 50°58´N 04°38´E 109 T4 Haag Niederösterreich, NE Austria 48°07´N 14°32´E 194 L8 Haag Nunataks m Antarctica 92 N2 Haakon VII Land physical region NW Svalbard 98 O11 Haaksbergen Overijssel, E Netherlands 52°09´N 06°45´E 99 E14 Haamstede Zeeland, SW Netherlands 51°43´N 03°45´E

193 Y15 Ha‘ano island Ha‘apai Group, C Tonga 193 Y15 Ha‘apai Group var. Haabai. island group C Tonga 93 L15 Haapajärvi PohjoisPohjanmaa, C Finland 93 93 191 118

95 98 185 185 185 193 149 141 158 141 81

63°45´N 25°20´E L17 Haapamäki Pirkanmaa, C Finland 62°11´N 24°32´E L15 Haapavesi PohjoisPohjanmaa, C Finland 64°09´N 25°25´E N7 Haapiti Moorea, W French Polynesia 17°33´S 149°52´W F4 Haapsalu Ger. Hapsal. Läänemaa, W Estonia 58°58´N 23°32´E Ha‘Arava see ‘Arabah, Wādī al G24 Haarby var. Hårby. Syddtjylland, C Denmark 55°13´N 10°07´E H10 Haarlem prev. Harlem. Noord-Holland, W Netherlands 52°23´N 04°39´E D19 Haast West Coast, South Island, New Zealand 43°53´S 169°02´E C20 Haast j South Island, New Zealand D20 Haast Pass pass South Island, New Zealand W16 Ha‘atua ‘Eau, E Tonga 21°23´S 174°57´W P15 Hab j SW Pakistan W7 Haba var. Al Haba. Dubayy, NE United Arab Emirates 25°01´N 55°37´E K2 Habahe var. Kaba. Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 48°04´N 86°20´E U13 Ḩabarūt var. Habrut. SW Oman 17°19´N 52°45´E J18 Habaswein Isiolo, NE Kenya 01°01´N 39°27´E

99 L24 Habay-la-Neuve Luxembourg, SE Belgium 139 S8

153 V14 163 Q12 95 L19 123 V14 165 S2

49°43´N 05°38´E

Ḩabbānīyah, Buḩayrat c C Iraq Habelschwerdt see Bystrzyca Kłodzka Habiganj Sylhet, NE Bangladesh 24°23´N 91°25´E Habirag Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China 42°18´N 115°40´E Habo Västra Götaland, S Sweden 57°55´N 14°05´E Habomai Islands island group Kuril’skiye Ostrova, SE Russian Federation Haboro Hokkaidō, NE Japan

18 75

141 139 96 141 77 77 138

95 151 141 158 136 140 78

141

95 95 117 114 112 163

141 11 136 149 92

80 81 138 14 155 188 100 39 101 100 10 80 33 37 21 14 102 95 93 164 167

103

22°39´N 88°17´E

97

Habrut see Ḩabarūt 143 P17 Ḩabshān Abū aby, C United Arab Emirates 23°51´N 53°34´E 54 E14 Hacha Putumayo, S Colombia 0°02´S 75°30´W 165 X13 Hachijō-jima island Izushotō, SE Japan 164 L12 Hachiman Gifu, Honshū, SW Japan 35°46´N 136°57´E 165 P7 Hachimori Akita, Honshū, C Japan 40°22´N 139°59´E 165 R7 Hachinohe Aomori, Honshū, C Japan 40°30´N 141°29´E 165 X13 Hachiōji Tōkyō, Hachijō-jima, SE Japan

93

167

44°19´N 141°42´E

153 S16 Habra West Bengal, NE India

137

8

35°40´N 139°20´E Y12 Hacıqabal prev. Qazimämmäd. SE Azerbaijan 40°03´N 48°56´E G17 Hackås Jämtland, C Sweden 62°55´N 14°31´E K14 Hackensack New Jersey, NE USA 40°51´N 73°57´W U12 Haḑabat al Jilf al Kabīr var. Gilf Kebir Plateau. plateau SW Egypt Hadama see Nazrēt W13 Ḩaḑbaram S Oman 17°27´N 55°13´E U13 Ḩaddānīyah well S Iraq K12 Haddington SE Scotland, United Kingdom 55°59´N 02°46´W Z8 Ḩadd, Ra’s al headland NE Oman 22°28´N 59°58´E Haded see Xadeed W12 Hadejia Jigawa, N Nigeria 12°22´N 10°02´E W12 Hadejia j N Nigeria F9 Hadera var. Khadera; prev. adera. Haifa, N Israel 32°26´N 34°55´E adera see Hadera Hadersleben see Haderslev G24 Haderslev Ger. Hadersleben. Syddanmark, SW Denmark 55°15´N 09°30´E J21 Hadhdhunmathi Atoll atoll S Maldives W17 Hadīboh Suquţrā, SE Yemen 12°38´N 54°05´E K9 Hadilik Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, W China 37°51´N 86°10´E H16 Hadım Konya, S Turkey 36°58´N 32°27´E K7 Hadīyah Al Madīnah, W Saudi Arabia 25°36´N 38°31´E H11 Hadjer-Lamis off. Région du Hadjer-Lamis. r region SW Chad

Administrative Regions International Airport

102 103 165 15 172 22 83 149 163

167 138

161

161 160

140 141 163 33 14 163

93

160

Hadjer-Lamis, Région du see Hadjer-Lamis Hadley Bay bay Victoria Island, Nunavut, N Canada S6 Ha Ðông var. Hadong. Ha Tây, N Vietnam 20°58´N 105°46´E Hadong see Ha Ðông Hadramaut see Ḩaḑramawt R15 Ḩaḑramawt Eng. Hadramaut. m S Yemen Hadria see Adria Hadrianopolis see Edirne Hadria Picena see Apricena G22 Hadsten Midtjylland, C Denmark 56°19´N 10°03´E G21 Hadsund Nordjylland, N Denmark 56°43´N 10°08´E S4 Hadyach Rus. Gadyach. Poltavs’ka Oblast’, NE Ukraine 50°21´N 34°00´E N9 Hadzhiyska Reka var. Khadzhiyska Reka. j E Bulgaria I13 Hadžići Federacija Bosne I Hercegovine, SE Bosnia and Herzegovina 43°49´N 18°12´E W14 Haeju S North Korea 38°04´N 125°40´E Haerbin/Haerhpin/Haerh-pin see Harbin P5 Ḩafar al Bāţın Ash Sharqīyah, N Saudi Arabia 28°25´N 45°59´E T15 Hafford Saskatchewan, S Canada 52°43´N 107°19´W M13 Hafik Sivas, N Turkey 39°53´N 37°24´E V8 Hāfizābād Punjab, E Pakistan 32°03´N 73°42´E H4 Hafnarfjörður Höfuðborgarsvæðið, W Iceland 64°03´N 21°57´W Hafnia see Denmark Hafnia see København Hafren see Severn Hafun see Xaafuun Hafun, Ras see Xaafuun, Raas G10 Hag ‘Abdullah Sinnar, E Sudan 13°59´N 33°35´E K18 Hagadera Garissa, E Kenya 0°06´N 40°23´E G8 HaGalil Eng. Galilee. m N Israel G10 Hagar Ontario, S Canada 46°27´N 80°22´W G18 Hagari var. Vedāvati. j W India B16 Hagåtña , var. Agaña. q (Guam) NW Guam 13°27´N 144°45´E M13 Hagelberg hill NE Germany N14 Hagemeister Island island Alaska, USA F15 Hagen Nordrhein-Westfalen, W Germany 51°22´N 07°27´E K10 Hagenow MecklenburgVorpommern, N Germany 53°27´N 11°10´E K15 Hagensborg British Columbia, SW Canada 52°24´N 126°24´W I13 Hāgere Hiywet var. Agere Hiywet, Ambo. Oromīya, C Ethiopia 09°00´N 37°55´E O15 Hagerman Idaho, NW USA 42°48´N 114°53´W U14 Hagerman New Mexico, SW USA 33°07´N 104°19´W V2 Hagerstown Maryland, NE USA 39°39´N 77°44´W G16 Hagersville Ontario, S Canada 42°58´N 80°03´W J15 Hagetmau Landes, SW France 43°40´N 00°36´W K14 Hagfors Värmland, C Sweden 60°03´N 13°45´E G16 Häggenås Jämtland, C Sweden 63°24´N 14°53´E E12 Hagi Yamaguchi, Honshū, SW Japan 34°25´N 131°22´E S5 Ha Giang Ha Giang, N Vietnam 22°50´N 104°58´E Hagios Evstrátios see Ágios Efstrátios HaGolan see Golan Heights T4 Hagondange Moselle, NE France 49°16´N 06°06´E B18 Hag’s Head Ir. Ceann Caillí. headland W Ireland 52°56´N 09°29´W I3 Hague, Cap de la headland N France 49°43´N 01°56´W V5 Haguenau Bas-Rhin, NE France 48°49´N 07°47´E X16 Hahajima-rettō island group SE Japan R8 Há Há , Lac c Québec, SE Canada H13 Hahaya k (Moroni) Grande Comore, NW Comoros K9 Hahnville Louisiana, S USA 29°58´N 90°24´W E22 Haib Karas, S Namibia 28°12´S 18°19´E Haibak see Aibak N15 Haibo j SW Pakistan Haibowan see Wuhai U12 Haicheng Liaoning, NE China 40°53´N 122°45´E Haicheng see Haifeng Haicheng see Haiyuan Haida see Nový Bor Haidarabad see Hyderābād Haidenschaft see Ajdovščina T6 Hai Dng Hai Hng, N Vietnam 20°56´N 106°21´E F9 Haifa r district NW Israel Haifa see Hefa Haifa, Bay of see Mifrats Hefa P14 Haifeng var. Haicheng. Guangdong, S China 22°56´N 115°19´E Haifong see Hai Phong P3 Hai He j E China Haikang see Leizhou L17 Haikou var. Hai-k’ou, Hoihow, Fr. Hoï-Hao. province capital Hainan, S China 20°N 110°17´E Hai-k’ou see Haikou M6 Ḩā’il Ḩā’il, NW Saudi Arabia 27°N 42°50´E N5 Ḩā’il off. Minţaqah Ḩā’il. r province N Saudi Arabia S6 Hailar He j NE China P14 Hailey Idaho, NW USA 43°31´N 114°18´W H9 Haileybury Ontario, S Canada 47°27´N 79°39´W X9 Hailin Heilongjiang, NE China 44°37´N 129°24´E Ḩā’il, Minţaqah see Ḩā’il Hailong see Meihekou K14 Hailuoto Swe. Karlö. island W Finland Haima see Haymā’ Haimen see Taizhou M17 Hainan var. Hainan Sheng, Qiong. r province S China

L5

Mountain Mountain Range

Volcano River

160 K17 Hainan Dao island S China Hainan Sheng see Hainan Hainan Strait see Qiongzhou Haixia Hainasch see Ainaži Hainau see Chojnów 99 E20 Hainaut r province SW Belgium Hainburg see Hainburg an der Donau 109 Z4 Hainburg an der Donau var. Hainburg. Niederösterreich, NE Austria 39 32 23 10 109 101 167

161 44

48°09´N 16°57´E W12 Haines Alaska, USA 59°13´N 135°27´W L12 Haines Oregon, NW USA 44°53´N 117°56´W W12 Haines City Florida, SE USA 28°06´N 81°37´W H8 Haines Junction Yukon, W Canada 60°45´N 137°30´W W4 Hainfeld Niederösterreich, NE Austria 48°03´N 15°47´E N16 Hainichen Sachsen, E Germany 50°58´N 13°08´E Hai Ninh see Mong Cai T6 Hai Phong var. Haifong, Haiphong. N Vietnam 20°50´N 106°41´E Haiphong see Hai Phong S12 Haitan Dao island SE China K8 Haiti off. Republic of Haiti. b republic C West Indies Haiti, Republic of see Haiti

35 T11 Haiwee Reservoir d California, W USA 80 I7 Haiya Red Sea, NE Sudan 159 T10 160 M13 159 V10 111 M22

18°17´N 36°21´E Haiyan var. Sanjiaocheng. Qinghai, W China 36°55´N 100°54´E Haiyang Shan m S China Haiyuan Ningxia, N China 36°32´N 105°31´E Hajda see Nový Bor Hajdú-Bihar off. HajdúBihar Megye. r county E Hungary Hajdú-Bihar Megye see Hajdú-Bihar

101 K14 Halberstadt SachsenAnhalt, C Germany 51°54´N 11°04´E

184 M12 Halcombe ManawatuWanganui, North Island, New Zealand 40°09´S 175°30´E 95 I16 Halden prev. Fredrikshald. Østfold, S Norway 59°08´N 11°20´E

100 L13 Haldensleben SachsenAnhalt, C Germany 52°18´N 11°25´E

Háldi see Halti 153 S17 Haldia West Bengal, NE India 22°04´N 88°02´E

152 K10 Haldwāni Uttarakhand, N India 29°13´N 79°31´E 163 P9 Haldzan var. Hatavch. Sühbaatar, E Mongolia 163 P9

46°10´N 112°57´E

38 F10 Haleakalā var. Haleakala. crater Maui, Hawai‘i, USA Haleakala see Haleakalā 25 N4 Hale Center Texas, SW USA 34°03´N 101°50´W

99 J18 Halen Limburg, NE Belgium 50°35´N 05°08´E

23 O2 Haleyville Alabama, S USA 34°13´N 87°37´W

77 O17 Half Assini SW Ghana 35 R8 185 C25

182 E5 163 R7 163 S8

14 I13

111 N22 Hajdúböszörmény Hajdú-Bihar, E Hungary

14 I12

111 N22 Hajdúhadház Hajdú-Bihar, E Hungary 47°40´N 21°40´E 111 N21 Hajdúnánás Hajdú-Bihar, E Hungary 47°50´N 21°26´E 111 N22 Hajdúszoboszló Hajdú-Bihar, E Hungary

13 Q15

Ḩājī Ebrāhīm, Kūh-e l Iran/Iraq 36°53´N 44°56´E 165 O9 Hajiki-zaki headland Sado, C Japan 38°19´N 138°28´E Hajîne see Abū Ḩardān 153 P13 Hājīpur Bihār, N India

21 U7

47°39´N 21°32´E

142 I3

141 N14 139 U11 143 R12 139 U14 113 L16 110 P10

47°27´N 21°24´E

25°41´N 85°13´E Ḩajjah W Yemen 15°43´N 43°33´E Hajjama Al Muthanná, S Iraq 31°24´N 45°20´E Ḩājjīābād Hormozgān, C Iran Ḩājj, Thaqb al well S Iraq Hajla m E Montenegro Hajnówka Ger. Hermhausen. Podlaskie, NE Poland 52°45´N 23°32´E Haka see Hakha Hakapehi see Punaauia Hakâri see Hakkâri

138 F12 HaKatan, HaMakhtesh prev. HaMakhtesh HaQatan. m S Israel 166 K4 Hakha var. Haka. Chin State, W Myanmar (Burma) 137 137 92 164 165 165 165 164 190 164

149 138 138 138 141

146 190 75 76 190 167

141

141 38

38

22°42´N 93°41´E T16 Hakkâri var. Çölemerik, Hakâri. Hakkâri, SE Turkey 37°36´N 43°45´E T16 Hakkâri var. Hakkari. r province SE Turkey Hakkari see Hakkâri J12 Hakkas Norrbotten, N Sweden 66°53´N 21°36´E J14 Hakken-zan l Honshū, SW Japan 34°11´N 135°57´E R7 Hakkōda-san l Honshū, C Japan 40°40´N 140°49´E T2 Hako-dake l Hokkaidō, NE Japan 44°40´N 142°22´E R5 Hakodate Hokkaidō, NE Japan 41°46´N 140°43´E L11 Hakui Ishikawa, Honshū, SW Japan 36°55´N 136°46´E B16 Hakupu SE Niue 19°06´S 169°50´E L12 Haku-san l Honshū, SW Japan 36°07´N 136°45´E Hakusan see Mattō Hal see Halle Q15 Hāla Sind, SE Pakistan 25°47´N 68°28´E J3 Ḩalab Eng. Aleppo, Fr. Alep; anc. Beroea. Ḩalab, NW Syria 36°14´N 37°10´E J3 Ḩalab off. Muḩāfaat Ḩalab, var. Aleppo, Halab. r governorate NW Syria J3 Ḩalab k Ḩalab, NW Syria 36°12´N 37°10´E Halab see Ḩalab O8 Ḩalabān var. Halibān. Ar Riyāḑ, C Saudi Arabia 23°29´N 44°20´E Haabja see Hełebce Ḩalabjah see Hełebce Ḩalab, Muḩāfaat see Ḩalab L13 Halaç Rus. Khalach. Lebap Welaýaty, E Turkmenistan 38°05´N 64°46´E A16 Halagigie Point headland W Niue Z11 Halaib SE Egypt 22°10´N 36°33´E Z11 Hala’ib Triangle r disputed region S Egypt / N Sudan G12 Halalo Île Uvea, N Wallis and Futuna 13°21´S 176°11´W U10 Ha Lam Quang NamÐa Năng, C Vietnam 15°42´N 108°24´E Halandri see Chalándri X13 Ḩalāniyāt, Juzur al var. Jazā’ir Bin Ghalfān, Eng. Kuria Muria Islands. island group S Oman W13 Ḩalānīyāt, Khalīj al Eng. Kuria Muria Bay. bay S Oman Halas see Kiskunhalas G11 Hālawa var. Halawa. Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 20°13´N 155°46´W Halawa see Hālawa F9 Hālawa, Cape var. Cape Halawa. headland Moloka‘i, Hawai‘i, USA 21°09´N 156°43´W Cape Halawa see Hālawa, Cape Halban see Tsetserleg

Lake Reservoir

46°10´N 112°57´E

Haldzan Sühbaatar, E Mongolia

97 L17 21 W8

13 Q15 143 T13 138 I6 162 G8 118 I3 39 Q4 96 J6 15 X7 93 H15 96 J6 95 J21 23 Z15 95 K22 9

P6

99 G19 101 M15

35 W3 95 L15 95 N16 109 Q6 101 L15 25 U12 195 N4 28 L4 37 S2 100 G7 94 G13 38 J12 189 P15 118 H6 93 I15 29 R2 9

S6

20 F9 95 M16 181 N5 182 L12 95 N15 109 R6 109 R6 95 P14 25 X7 103 P1 171 S12 171 R11

05°03´N 02°57´W Half Dome l California, W USA 37°46´N 119°27´W Halfmoon Bay var. Oban. Stewart Island, Southland, New Zealand 46°53´S 168°08´E Half Moon Lake salt lake South Australia Halhgol Dornod, E Mongolia 47°57´N 118°07´E Halhgol var. Tsagaannuur. Dornod, E Mongolia 47°30´N 118°45´E Haliacmon see Aliákmonas Halibān see Ḩalabān Haliburton Ontario, SE Canada 45°03´N 78°20´W Haliburton Highlands var. Madawaska Highlands. hill range Ontario, SE Canada Halifax province capital Nova Scotia, SE Canada 44°38´N 63°35´W Halifax N England, United Kingdom 53°44´N 01°52´W Halifax North Carolina, SE USA 36°19´N 77°37´W Halifax Virginia, NE USA 36°46´N 78°55´W Halifax k Nova Scotia, SE Canada 44°33´N 63°48´W Halīl Rūd seasonal river SE Iran Ḩalīmah l Lebanon/Syria 34°12´N 36°37´E Haliun Govĭ-Altay, W Mongolia 45°55´N 96°06´E Haljala Ger. Halljal. Lääne-Virumaa, N Estonia 59°25´N 26°18´E Halkett, Cape headland Alaska, USA 70°48´N 152°11´W Halkida see Chalkída Halkirk N Scotland, United Kingdom 58°30´N 03°29´W Hall j Québec, SE Canada Hall see Schwäbisch Hall Hälla Västerbotten, N Sweden 63°56´N 17°20´E Halladale j N Scotland, United Kingdom Halland r county S Sweden Hallandale Florida, SE USA 25°58´N 80°09´W Hallandsås physical region S Sweden Hall Beach var Sanirajak. Nunavut, N Canada 68°10´N 81°56´W Halle Fr. Hal. Vlaams Brabant, C Belgium 50°44´N 04°14´E Halle var. Halle an der Saale. Sachsen-Anhalt, C Germany 51°28´N 11°58´E Halle an der Saale see Halle Halleck Nevada, W USA 40°57´N 115°27´W Hällefors Örebro, C Sweden 59°46´N 14°30´E Hälleforsnäs Södermanland, C Sweden 59°10´N 16°30´E Hallein Salzburg, N Austria 47°41´N 13°06´E Halle-Neustadt SachsenAnhalt, C Germany 51°29´N 11°54´E Hallettsville Texas, SW USA 29°27´N 96°57´W Halley UK research station Antarctica 75°42´S 26°30´W Halliday North Dakota, N USA 47°19´N 102°19´W Halligan Reservoir d Colorado, C USA Halligen island group N Germany Hallingdal valley S Norway Hall Island island Alaska, USA Hall Island see Maiana Hall Islands island group C Micronesia Halliste j S Estonia Halljal see Haljala Hällnäs Västerbotten, N Sweden 64°20´N 19°41´E Hallock Minnesota, N USA 48°47´N 96°56´W Hall Peninsula peninsula Baffin Island, Nunavut, NE Canada Halls Tennessee, S USA 35°52´N 89°24´W Hallsberg Örebro, C Sweden 59°05´N 15°07´E Halls Creek Western Australia 18°17´S 127°39´E Halls Gap Victoria, SE Australia 37°09´S 142°30´E Hallstahammar Västmanland, C Sweden 59°37´N 16°13´E Hallstatt Salzburg, W Austria 47°32´N 13°39´E Hallstätter See c C Austria Hallstavik Stockholm, C Sweden 60°12´N 18°45´E Hallsville Texas, SW USA 32°31´N 94°30´W Halluin Nord, N France 50°46´N 03°07´E Halmahera, Laut Eng. Halmahera Sea. sea E Indonesia Halmahera, Pulau prev. Djailolo, Gilolo, Jailolo. island E Indonesia

257

HalmaHera Sea – Haut, ISle au Halmahera Sea see Halmahera, Laut 95 J21 Halmstad Halland, S Sweden

56°41´N 12°49´E 167 T6 Ha Long prev. Hông Gai, var. Hon Gai, Hongay. Quang Ninh, N Vietnam 20°57´N 107°06´E 119 N15 Halowchyn Rus. Golovchin. Mahilyowskaya Voblasts’, E Belarus 54°04´N 29°55´E 95 H20 Hals Nordjylland, N Denmark 57°00´N 10°19´E 94 F8 Halsa Møre og Romsdal, S Norway 63°04´N 08°13´E 119 I15 Hal’shany Rus. Gol’shany. Hrodzyenskaya Voblasts’, W Belarus 54°15´N 26°01´E Hälsingborg see Helsingborg 29 R5 Halstad Minnesota, N USA 47°21´N 96°49´W 27 N6 Halstead Kansas, C USA 38°00´N 97°30´W 99 G15 Halsteren Noord-Brabant, S Netherlands 51°32´N 04°16´E 93 L16 Halsua Keski-Pohjanmaa, W Finland 63°28´N 24°10´E 101 E14 Haltern NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 51°45´N 07°10´E 92 J9 Halti var. Haltiatunturi, Lapp. Háldi. l Finland/ Norway 69°18´N 21°19´E Haltiatunturi see Halti 116 J6 Halych Ivano-Frankivs’ka Oblast’, W Ukraine 49°08´N 24°44´E Halycus see Platani 103 P3 Ham Somme, N France 49°46´N 03°03´E Hama see Ḩamāh 164 F12 Hamada Shimane, Honshū, SW Japan 34°54´N 132°07´E 142 L6 Hamadān anc. Ecbatana. Hamadān, W Iran 34°51´N 48°31´E 142 L6 Hamadān off. Ostān-e Hamadān. r province W Iran Hamadān, Ostān-e see Hamadān 138 I5 Ḩamāh var. Hama; anc. Epiphania, Bibl. Hamath. Ḩamāh, W Syria 35°09´N 36°44´E 138 I5 Ḩamāh off. Muḩāfaat Ḩamāh, var. Hama. r governorate C Syria Hamāh, Muḩāfaat see Ḩamāh 1665 S3 Hamamasu Hokkaidō, NE Japan 43°37´N 141°24´E 164 L14 Hamamatsu var. Hamamatu. Shizuoka, Honshū, S Japan 34°43´N 137°46´E Hamamatu see Hamamatsu 165 W14 Hamanaka Hokkaidō, NE Japan 43°05´N 145°05´E 164 L14 Hamana-ko c Honshū, S Japan 94 I13 Hamar prev. Storhammer. Hedmark, S Norway 60°57´N 10°55´E

141 U10 Ḩamārīr al Kidan, Qalamat well E Saudi Arabia 164 I12 Hamasaka Hyōgo, Honshū, SW Japan 35°37´N 134°27´E Hamath see Ḩamāh 165 T1 Hamatonbetsu Hokkaidō, NE Japan 45°07´N 142°21´E 155 K26 Hambantota Southern Province, SE Sri Lanka 06°07´N 81°07´E

Hambourg see Hamburg Hamburg Hamburg, N Germany 53°33´N 10°03´E 27 V14 Hamburg Arkansas, C USA 100 J9

33°13´N 91°50´W 29 S16 Hamburg Iowa, C USA 40°36´N 95°39´W 18 D10 Hamburg New York, NE USA 42°40´N 78°49´W 100 I10 Hamburg Fr. Hambourg. r state N Germany

148 K5

18 M13 140 K6 93 K18 93 L19

100 I13

Hamdam Āb, Dasht-e Pash. Dasht-i Hamdamab. m W Afghanistan Hamdamab, Dasht-i see Hamdam Āb, Dasht-e Hamden Connecticut, NE USA 41°23´N 72°55´W Ḩamḑ, Wādī al dry watercourse W Saudi Arabia Hämeenkyrö Pirkanmaa, W Finland 61°39´N 23°10´E Hämeenlinna Swe. Tavastehus. Kanta-Häme, S Finland 61°N 24°25´E HaMela h, Yam see Dead Sea Hamelin see Hameln Hameln Eng. Hamelin. Niedersachsen, N Germany 52°07´N 09°22´E

27 T12 Hamilton, Lake d Arkansas, C USA 35 W6 Hamilton, Mount l Nevada, W USA 39°15´N 115°30´W

Ḩamīm, Wādī al j NE Libya 93 N19 Hamina Swe. Fredrikshamn. Kymenlaakso, S Finland 75 S8

11 152

21 25 21 31 101

75 139 139 93 93 93 99 100 95 101 99 100 93 92 101

26 31 22 99 99 99 185 19 97 13 27 29 19 21 21 21 94

60°33´N 27°15´E W16 Hamiota Manitoba, S Canada 50°13´N 100°37´W L13 Hamīrpur Uttar Pradesh, N India 25°57´N 80°08´E Hamïs Musait see Khamīs Mushayţ T11 Hamlet North Carolina, SE USA 34°52´N 79°41´W P6 Hamlin Texas, SW USA 32°52´N 100°07´W P5 Hamlin West Virginia, NE USA 38°16´N 82°07´W O7 Hamlin Lake c Michigan, N USA F14 Hamm var. Hamm in Westfalen. NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 51°39´N 07°49´E Ḩammāmāt, Khalīj al see Hammamet, Golfe de N5 Hammamet, Golfe de Ar. Khalīj al Ḩammāmāt. gulf NE Tunisia R3 Ḩammān al ‘Alīl Nīnawé, N Iraq 36°07´N 43°15´E X12 Ḩammār, Hawr al c  SE Iraq J20 Hammarland Åland, SW Finland 60°13´N 19°45´E H16 Hammarstrand Jämtland, C Sweden 63°07´N 16°27´E O17 Hammaslahti PohjoisKarjala, SE Finland 62°26´N 29°58´E F17 Hamme Oost-Vlaanderen, NW Belgium 51°06´N 04°08´E H10 Hamme j NW Germany G22 Hammel Midtjylland, C Denmark 56°15´N 09°53´E I18 Hammelburg Bayern, C Germany 50°06´N 09°50´E H18 Hamme-Mille Walloon Brabant, C Belgium 50°48´N 04°42´E H10 Hamme-Oste-Kanal canal NW Germany G16 Hammerdal Jämtland, C Sweden 63°34´N 15°19´E K8 Hammerfest Finnmark, N Norway 70°40´N 23°44´E D14 Hamminkeln NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 51°43´N 06°36´E Hamm in Westfalen see Hamm K10 Hammon Oklahoma, C USA 35°37´N 99°22´W N11 Hammond Indiana, N USA 41°35´N 87°30´W K8 Hammond Louisiana, S USA 30°30´N 90°27´W K20 Hamoir Liège, E Belgium 50°28´N 05°35´E J21 Hamois Namur, SE Belgium 50°21´N 05°09´E K16 Hamont Limburg, NE Belgium 51°15´N 05°33´E F22 Hampden Otago, South Island, New Zealand 45°18´S 170°49´E R6 Hampden Maine, NE USA 44°44´N 68°51´W M23 Hampshire cultural region S England, United Kingdom O15 Hampton New Brunswick, SE Canada 45°30´N 65°50´W U14 Hampton Arkansas, C USA 33°33´N 92°28´W V12 Hampton Iowa, C USA 42°44´N 93°12´W P10 Hampton New Hampshire, NE USA 42°55´N 70°48´W R14 Hampton South Carolina, SE USA 32°52´N 81°06´W P8 Hampton Tennessee, S USA 36°16´N 82°10´W X7 Hampton Virginia, NE USA 37°02´N 76°23´W L11 Hamra Gävleborg, C Sweden 61°40´N 15°00´E

80 D10 Hamrat esh Sheikh Northern Kordofan, C Sudan 139 S5 Ḩamrīn, Jabal m N Iraq 121 P16 Ħamrun C Malta

38 G10

159 O6 Hami var. Ha-mi, Uigh. Kumul, Qomul. Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China

38 B8

139

38 F10

39°53´N 127°31´E

141 114 182 64 14 184 96 23 38 30 27 33 25 14 64 182 13

42°48´N 93°27´E Ha-mi see Hami X10 Ḩāmid Amīn Maysān, E Iraq 32°06´N 46°53´E W11 Hamīdān, Khawr oasis SE Saudi Arabia L12 Hamidiye Edirne, NW Turkey 41°09´N 26°40´E L12 Hamilton Victoria, SE Australia 37°45´S 142°04´E B12 Hamilton q (Bermuda) C Bermuda 32°18´N 64°48´W G16 Hamilton Ontario, S Canada 43°15´N 79°50´W M7 Hamilton Waikato, North Island, New Zealand 37°49´S 175°16´E I12 Hamilton S Scotland, United Kingdom 55°47´N 04°03´W N3 Hamilton Alabama, S USA 34°08´N 87°59´W M10 Hamilton Alaska, USA 62°54´N 163°53´W J13 Hamilton Illinois, N USA 40°24´N 91°20´W S3 Hamilton Missouri, C USA 39°44´N 94°00´W P10 Hamilton Montana, NW USA 46°15´N 114°09´W S8 Hamilton Texas, SW USA 31°42´N 98°08´W G16 Hamilton k Ontario, SE Canada 43°12´N 79°54´W I6 Hamilton Bank undersea feature SE Labrador Sea E1 Hamilton Creek seasonal river South Australia R8 Hamilton Inlet inlet Newfoundland and Labrador, E Canada

258

35°33´N 139°45´E

138 F13 HaNegev Eng. Negev. desert S Israel Hanfeng see Kaixian 35 Q11 Hanford California, W USA 36°19´N 119°39´W

191 V16 Hanga Roa Easter Island, Chile, E Pacific Ocean 162 I7

21 S14

165 Q9

190 B16 101 H18 162 M11 8

L9

10 M15 23 P3 160 L6 21 V2 30 M3 29 S8 18 I12 80 Q12 161 O5 95 P16 81 J22 37 Q7

35°53´N 14°28´E Ham Thuân Nam see Thuân Nam Hāmūn, Daryācheh-ye see Şāberī, Hāmūn-e/Sīstān, Daryācheh-ye Hamwih see Southampton Hāna var. Hana. Maui, Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 20°45´N 155°59´W Hana see Hāna Hanahan South Carolina, SE USA 32°55´N 80°01´W Hanalei Kaua‘i, Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 22°12´N 159°30´W Hanamaki Iwate, Honshū, C Japan 39°25´N 141°04´E Hanamanioa, Cape headland Maui, Hawai‘i, USA 20°34´N 156°22´W Hanan k (Alofi) SW Niue Hanau Hessen, W Germany 50°06´N 08°56´E Hanbogd var. Ih Bulag. Ömnögovĭ, S Mongolia 43°04´N 107°43´E Hanbury j Northwest Territories, NW Canada Hâncești see Hînceşti Hanceville British Columbia, SW Canada 51°54´N 122°56´W Hanceville Alabama, S USA 34°03´N 86°46´W Hancewicze see Hantsavichy Hancheng Shaanxi, C China 35°22´N 110°27´E Hancock Maryland, NE USA 39°42´N 78°10´W Hancock Michigan, N USA 47°07´N 88°34´W Hancock Minnesota, N USA 45°30´N 95°47´W Hancock New York, NE USA 41°57´N 75°15´W Handa Bari, NE Somalia 10°35´N 51°09´E Handan var. Hantan. Hebei, E China 36°35´N 114°28´E Handen Stockholm, C Sweden 59°12´N 18°09´E Handeni Tanga, E Tanzania 05°25´S 38°04´E Handies Peak l Colorado, C USA 37°54´N 107°30´W

Country Country Capital

27°09´S 109°26´W

Hangay var. Hunt. Arhangay, C Mongolia 47°49´N 99°24´E

162 H7 Hangayn Nuruu m C Mongolia Hang-chou/Hangchow see Hangzhou 95 K20 Hånger Jönköping, S Sweden 161 R9

162 J4

57°06´N 13°58´E Hangö see Hanko Hangzhou var. Hangchou, Hangchow. province capital Zhejiang, SE China 30°18´N 120°07´E Hanh var. Turt. Hövsgöl, N Mongolia 51°30´N 100°40´E

Hanhöhiy Uul m NW Mongolia 162 K10 Hanhongor var. Ögöömör. Ömnögovĭ, S Mongolia 162 F5

43°47´N 104°31´E 146 I14 Hanhowuz Rus. Khauz-Khan. Ahal Welaýaty, S Turkmenistan 37°15´N 61°12´E

146 I14 Hanhowuz Suw Howdany Rus. Khauzkhanskoye Vodoranilishche. d S Turkmenistan 137 P15 Hani Dıyarbakır, SE Turkey 38°26´N 40°23´E Hania see Chaniá

141 R11 Ḩanīsh al Kabīr, Jazīrat al island SW Yemen Hanka, Lake see Khanka, Lake 93 M17 Hankasalmi Keski-Suomi, C Finland 62°25´N 26°27´E 29 R7 Hankinson North Dakota, N USA 46°04´N 96°54´W 93 K20 Hanko Swe. Hangö. Uusimaa, SW Finland 59°50´N 23°E

Han-kou/Han-k’ou/ Hankow see Wuhan 36 M6 Hanksville Utah, W USA 38°21´N 110°43´W

Hanle Jammu and Kashmir, NW India 32°46´N 79°01´E 185 I17 Hanmer Springs Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand 42°31´S 172°49´E 11 R16 Hanna Alberta, SW Canada 152 K6

27 V3 180 M3 100 I12 99 J19 95 L22 167 T6 14 F14 31 P15 18 G16 21 W6 63 G23

51°38´N 111°56´W

Hannibal Missouri, C USA

39°42´N 91°23´W Hann, Mount l Western Australia 15°53´S 125°46´E Hannover Eng. Hanover. Niedersachsen, NW Germany 52°23´N 09°43´E Hannut Liège, C Belgium 50°40´N 05°05´E Hanöbukten bay S Sweden Ha Nôi Eng. Hanoi, Fr. Hanoï. a (Vietnam) N Vietnam 21°01´N 105°52´E Hanover Ontario, S Canada 44°10´N 81°03´W Hanover Indiana, N USA 38°42´N 85°28´W Hanover Pennsylvania, NE USA 39°46´N 76°57´W Hanover Virginia, NE USA 37°44´N 77°21´W Hanover see Hannover Hanover, Isla island S Chile Hanselbeck see Érd

Hansen Mountains m Antarctica 160 M8 Han Shui j C China 152 H10 Hānsi Haryāna, NW India 195 X5

95 158

14°38´N 27°56´E

Hamersley Range m Western Australia 163 Y12 Hamgyŏng-sanmaek m N North Korea 163 X13 Hamhŭng C North Korea 180 I8

111 J19 Handlová Ger. Krickerhäu, Hung. Nyitrabánya; prev. Kriegerhaj. Trenčiansky Kraj, C Slovakia 48°45´N 18°45´E 165 O13 Haneda k (Tōkyō) Tōkyō, Honshū, S Japan

119

9 152 183

160

160 191 153 78 92 25 34

29°06´N 76°01´E F20 Hanstholm Midtjylland, NW Denmark 57°05´N 08°39´E Han-tan see Handan H6 Hantengri Feng var. Pik Khan-Tengri. l China/ Kazakhstan 42°17´N 80°11´E see also Khan-Tengri, Pik I18 Hantsavichy Pol. Hancewicze, Rus. Gantsevichi. Brestskaya Voblasts’, SW Belarus 52°45´N 26°27´E Q6 Hantzsch j Baffin Island, Nunavut, NE Canada G9 Hanumāngarh Rājasthān, NW India 29°33´N 74°21´E O9 Hanwood New South Wales, SE Australia 34°19´S 146°03´E Hanyang see Wuhan Hanyang see Caidian H10 Hanyuan var. Fulin. Sichuan, C China 29°29´N 102°45´E Hanyuan see Xihe J7 Hanzhong Shaanxi, C China 33°12´N 107°E W11 Hao atoll Îles Tuamotu, C French Polynesia S16 Hāora prev. Howrah. West Bengal, NE India 22°35´N 88°20´E K8 Haouach, Ouadi dry watercourse E Chad K13 Haparanda Norrbotten, N Sweden 65°49´N 24°05´E N3 Happy Texas, SW USA 34°44´N 101°51´W M1 Happy Camp California, W USA 41°48´N 123°24´W

13 Q9 Happy Valley-Goose Bay prev. Goose Bay. Newfoundland and Labrador, E Canada 53°19´N 60°24´W Hapsal see Haapsalu 152 J10 Hāpur Uttar Pradesh, N India 28°43´N 77°47´E

140 I4 171 U14 141 R8

118 N12 92 J13 119 G19

HaQatan, HaMakhtesh see HaKatan, HaMakhtesh Ḩaql Tabūk, NW Saudi Arabia 29°18´N 34°58´E Har Pulau Kai Besar, E Indonesia 05°21´S 133°09´E Haraat see Tsagaandelger Ḩaraḑ var. Haradh. Ash Sharqīyah, E Saudi Arabia 24°08´N 49°02´E Haradh see Ḩaraḑ Haradok Rus. Gorodok. Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’, N Belarus 55°28´N 30°00´E Harads Norrbotten, N Sweden 66°04´N 21°04´E Haradzyets Rus. Gorodets. Brestskaya Voblasts’, SW Belarus 52°12´N 24°40´E

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

119 J17 Haradzyeya Rus. Gorodeya. Minskaya Voblasts’, C Belarus 191 V10 165 Q11 118 M12 83 L16

83 L16 78 J10 119 O16

76 J16 163 W8

31 S7

53°19´N 26°32´E Haraiki atoll Îles Tuamotu, C French Polynesia Haramachi Fukushima, Honshū, E Japan 37°40´N 140°55´E Harany Rus. Gorany. Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’, N Belarus 55°25´N 29°03´E Harare prev. Salisbury. a (Zimbabwe) Mashonaland East, NE Zimbabwe 17°47´S 31°04´E Harare k Mashonaland East, NE Zimbabwe 17°51´S 31°06´E Haraz-Djombo Batha, C Chad 14°10´N 19°35´E Harbavichy Rus. Gorbovichi. Mahilyowskaya Voblasts’, E Belarus 53°49´N 30°42´E Harbel W Liberia 06°19´N 10°20´W Harbin var. Haerbin, Ha-erh-pin, Kharbin; prev. Haerhpin, Pingkiang, Pinkiang. province capital Heilongjiang, NE China 45°45´N 126°41´E Harbor Beach Michigan, N USA 43°50´N 82°39´W

13 T13 Harbour Breton Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, E Canada 47°29´N 55°50´W 65 D25 Harbours, Bay of bay East Falkland, Falkland Islands Hårby see Haarby 36 I13 Harcuvar Mountains m Arizona, SW USA 108 I7 Hard Vorarlberg, NW Austria 47°29´N 09°42´E

154 H11 Harda Khas Madhya Pradesh, C India 22°22´N 77°06´E

95 D14 Hardanger physical region S Norway 95 D14 Hardangerfjorden fjord S Norway 94 E13 Hardangerjøkulen glacier S Norway 95 E14 Hardangervidda plateau S Norway 83 D20 Hardap r district S Namibia 21 R15 Hardeeville South Carolina, SE USA 32°18´N 81°04´W Hardegarijp see Hurdegaryp 98 O9 Hardenberg Overijssel, E Netherlands 52°34´N 06°38´E 183 Q9 Harden-Murrumburrah New South Wales, SE Australia 34°33´S 148°22´E

98 K10 Harderwijk Gelderland, C Netherlands 52°21´N 05°37´E 30 J14 Hardin Illinois, N USA 39°10´N 90°38´W

33 V11 Hardin Montana, NW USA 23 R5 20 J6

45°44´N 107°35´W Harding, Lake d Alabama/ Georgia, SE USA Hardinsburg Kentucky, S USA 37°46´N 86°29´W

98 I13 Hardinxveld-Giessendam Zuid-Holland, C Netherlands 51°52´N 04°49´E

11 R15 Hardisty Alberta, SW Canada 152 L12 23 U4 27 W9 94 D10 8

H7

99 D18

100 E11 98 N6 80 L13 95 P14 80 M13 116 J10 25 S17 162 J8 159 Q9 141 P15 168 M12 152 J9 155 F18 185 F18 138 I3 98 F13 98 F13 149 U5 148 J4

94 J11

93 K18

118 G4

21 X11

52°42´N 111°22´W Hardoi Uttar Pradesh, N India 27°23´N 80°06´E Hardwar see Haridwār Hardwick Georgia, SE USA 33°03´N 83°13´W Hardy Arkansas, C USA 36°19´N 91°29´W Hareid Møre og Romsdal, S Norway 62°22´N 06°02´E Hare Indian j Northwest Territories, NW Canada Harelbeke var. Harlebeke. West-Vlaanderen, W Belgium 50°51´N 03°19´E Harem see Ḩārim Haren Niedersachsen, NW Germany 52°47´N 07°16´E Haren Groningen, NE Netherlands 53°10´N 06°37´E Hārer E Ethiopia 09°17´N 42°19´E Harg Uppsala, C Sweden 60°13´N 18°25´E Hargeisa see Hargeysa Hargeysa var. Hargeisa. Woqooyi Galbeed, NW Somalia 09°32´N 44°07´E Harghita r county NE Romania Hargill Texas, SW USA 26°26´N 98°00´W Harhorin Övörhangay, C Mongolia 47°13´N 102°48´E Har Hu c C China Hariana see Haryāna Ḩarīb W Yemen 15°08´N 45°35´E Hari, Batang prev. Djambi. j Sumatera, W Indonesia Haridwār prev. Hardwar. Uttarakhand, N India 29°58´N 78°09´E Harihar Karnātaka, W India 14°33´N 75°44´E Harihari West Coast, South Island, New Zealand 43°09´S 170°35´E Ḩārim var. Harem. Idlib, W Syria 36°30´N 36°30´E Haringvliet channel SW Netherlands Haringvlietdam dam SW Netherlands Harīpur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, NW Pakistan 34°00´N 73°01´E Harīrūd var. Tedzhen, Turkm. Tejen. j Afghanistan/Iran see also Tejen Harīrūd see Tejen Härjåhågnen Swe. Härjahågnen, var. Härjehågna. l Norway/Sweden 61°43´N 12°07´E Härjahågnen see Østrehogna Härjahågnen see Härjåhågnen Harjavalta Satakunta, W Finland 61°19´N 22°10´E Härjehågna see Østrehogna Härjehågna see Härjåhågnen Harjumaa var. Harju Maakond. r province NW Estonia Harju Maakond see Harjumaa Harkers Island North Carolina, SE USA 34°42´N 76°33´W Harki see Hurkê

Administrative Regions International Airport

29 T14 Harlan Iowa, C USA 41°40´N 95°19´W

18 M12 Hartford state capital Connecticut, NE USA

36°50´N 83°19´W

20 J6

21 O7 Harlan Kentucky, S USA 29 N17 Harlan County Lake d Nebraska, C USA 116 L9 Hârlău var. Hîrlău. Iași, NE Romania 47°26´N 26°54´E Harlebeke see Harelbeke 33 U7 Harlem Montana, NW USA 48°31´N 108°46´W

31 P10 29 R11 30 M8

Harlem see Haarlem 95 G22 Harlev Midtjylland, C Denmark 56°08´N 10°00´E 98 K6 Harlingen Fris. Harns. Fryslân, N Netherlands

31 P13

25 T17 Harlingen Texas, SW USA

97 H23

29 Q13 13 N14

53°10´N 05°25´E

26°12´N 97°43´W

97 O21 Harlow E England, United Kingdom 51°47´N 00°07´E 33 T10 Harlowton Montana, NW USA 46°26´N 109°49´W 94 N11 Harmånger Gävleborg, C Sweden 61°55´N 17°19´E 114 K11 Harmanli var. Kharmanli. Haskovo, S Bulgaria 41°56´N 25°54´E

114 K11 Harmanliyska Reka var. Kharmanliyska Reka. j S Bulgaria 98 I11 Harmelen Utrecht, C Netherlands 52°06´N 04°58´E 29 X11 Harmony Minnesota, N USA 43°33´N 92°00´W

32 J14 Harney Basin basin Oregon, NW USA 32 J14 Harney Lake c Oregon, NW USA 28 J10 Harney Peak l South Dakota, N USA 43°52´N 103°31´W

93 H17 Härnösand var. Hernösand. Västernorrland, C Sweden 105 P4 40 F6 94 D9 97 N21 76 L18 26 M7 32 L13 25 Q10 35 U13 39 T9 95 J21

62°37´N 17°55´E Harns see Harlingen Haro La Rioja, N Spain 42°34´N 02°52´W Haro, Cabo headland NW Mexico 27°50´N 110°55´W Harøy island S Norway Harpenden E England, United Kingdom 51°49´N 00°22´W Harper var. Cape Palmas. NE Liberia 04°25´N 07°43´W Harper Kansas, C USA 37°17´N 98°01´W Harper Oregon, NW USA 43°51´N 117°37´W Harper Texas, SW USA 30°18´N 99°18´W Harper Lake salt flat California, W USA Harper, Mount l Alaska, USA 64°18´N 143°54´W Harplinge Halland, S Sweden 56°45´N 12°45´E

36 J13 Harquahala Mountains m Arizona, SW USA 141 T15 Ḩarrah SE Yemen 15°02´N 50°23´E

35°57´N 84°33´W

13 R11 Harrington Harbour Québec, E Canada

35°33´N 90°43´W

30 M17 Harrisburg Illinois, N USA

18 182 23 83 27 31 28 39 22 21 13 27

192 96 31 21 20 97 25

37°44´N 88°32´W I14 Harrisburg Nebraska, C USA 41°33´N 103°46´W F12 Harrisburg Oregon, NW USA 44°16´N 123°10´W G15 Harrisburg state capital Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°16´N 76°53´W F6 Harris, Lake c South Australia W11 Harris, Lake c Florida, SE USA J22 Harrismith Free State, E South Africa 28°16´S 29°08´E T9 Harrison Arkansas, C USA 36°13´N 93°07´W Q7 Harrison Michigan, N USA 44´02´N 84´46´W I12 Harrison Nebraska, C USA 42°42´N 103°53´W Q5 Harrison Bay inlet Alaska, USA I6 Harrisonburg Louisiana, S USA 31°44´N 91°51´W U4 Harrisonburg Virginia, NE USA 38°27´N 78°54´W R7 Harrison, Cape headland Newfoundland and Labrador, E Canada 54°55´N 57°48´W R5 Harrisonville Missouri, C USA 38°40´N 94°21´W Harris Ridge see Lomonosov Ridge M3 Harris Seamount undersea feature N Pacific Ocean 46°09´N 161°25´W F8 Harris, Sound of strait NW Scotland, United Kingdom R6 Harrisville Michigan, N USA 44°41 ´N 83°19´W R3 Harrisville West Virginia, NE USA 39°13´N 81°04´W M6 Harrodsburg Kentucky, S USA 37°45´N 84°51´W M16 Harrogate N England, United Kingdom 54°N 01°33´W Q4 Harrold Texas, SW USA 34°05´N 99°02´W

Harry S. Truman Reservoir d Missouri, C USA 100 G13 Harsewinkel NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 27 S5

51°58´N 08°13´E

116 M14 Hârşova prev. Hîrșova. Constana, SE Romania

24 M4 10 I5 83 F23 109 X7 182 I10 95 E14 23 Q7 27 R11

32 J15 173 U10 93 M18 67 U14 23 P2 23 S3

Har Us Nuur c NW Mongolia 30 M10 Harvard Illinois, N USA 162 E6

42°25´N 88°36´W

29 P16 Harvard Nebraska, C USA 37 R5 31 N11

97 Q21 152 H10 141 Y9

165 Q9 137 Y13 136 J15 139 T9 149 R6 100 F12 100 F12

40°37´N 98°06´W

Harvard, Mount

l Colorado, C USA 38°55´N 106°19´W Harvey Illinois, N USA 41°36´N 87°39´W Harvey North Dakota, N USA 47°43´N 99°55´W Harwich E England, United Kingdom 51°56´N 01°16´E Haryāna var. Hariana. r state N India Ḩaryān, awī al spring/well NE Oman 21°56´N 58°33´E Harz m C Germany Ḩasakah, Muḩāfaat al see Al Ḩasakah Hasama Miyagi, Honshū, C Japan 38°42´N 141°09´E Häsänabad prev. 26 Bakinskikh Komissarov. SE Azerbaijan 39°18´N 49°13´E Hasan Dağı l C Turkey 38°09´N 34°15´E Ḩasan Ibn Ḩassūn An Najaf, C Iraq 32°24´N 44°13´E Ḩasan Khēl var. Ahmad Khel. Paktiyā, SE Afghanistan 33°46´N 69°37´E Hase j NW Germany Haselberg see Krasnoznamensk Haselünne Niedersachsen, NW Germany 52°40´N 07°28´E Hashaat see Delgerhangay

Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan see Jordan 139 V8 Hāshimah Wāsiţ, E Iraq 142 141 149 27 25 114 114 114 95 97 102

155

33°22´N 45°56´E K3 Hashtrūd var. Azaran. Āarbāyjān-e Khāvarī, N Iran 37°34´N 47°10´E W13 Ḩāsik S Oman 17°22´N 55°18´E U10 Hāsilpur Punjab, E Pakistan 29°42´N 72°40´E Q10 Haskell Oklahoma, C USA 35°49´N 95°40´W Q6 Haskell Texas, SW USA 33°10´N 99°45´W K11 Haskovo var. Khaskovo. Haskovo, S Bulgaria 41°56´N 25°35´E K11 Haskovo var. Khaskovo. r province S Bulgaria M11 Hasköy Edirne, NW Turkey 41°37´N 26°51´E L24 Hasle Bornholm, E Denmark 55°12´N 14°43´E N23 Haslemere SE England, United Kingdom 51°06´N 00°45´W I16 Hasparren PyrénéesAtlantiques, SW France 43°23´N 01°18´W Hassakeh see Al Ḩasakah G19 Hassan Karnātaka, W India 13°01´N 76°03´E

36 J13 Hassayampa River j Arizona, SW USA 101 J18 Hassberge hill range C Germany 94 N10 Hassela Gävleborg, C Sweden 62°06´N 16°45´E

99 J18 Hasselt Limburg, NE Belgium 50°56´N 05°20´E

98 M9 Hasselt Overijssel, E Netherlands 52°36´N 06°06´E Hassetché see Al Ḩasakah 101 J18 Hassfurt Bayern, C Germany 74 L9

68°48´N 16°31´E Hart Michigan, N USA 43°43´N 86°22´W Hart Texas, SW USA 34°23´N 102°07´W Hart j Yukon, NW Canada Hartbees j C South Africa Hartberg Steiermark, SE Austria 47°18´N 15°58´E Hart, Cape headland South Australia 35°54´S 138°01´E Hårteigen l S Norway 60°11´N 07°01´E Hartford Alabama, S USA 31°06´N 85°42´W Hartford Arkansas, C USA 35°01´N 94°22´W

74 L8

Mountain Mountain Range

Hartsfield Atlanta k Georgia, SE USA

33°38´N 84°24´W 27 Q11 Hartshorne Oklahoma, C USA 34°51´N 95°33´W 21 S12 Hartsville South Carolina, SE USA 34°22´N 80°04´W 20 K8 Hartsville Tennessee, S USA 36°23´N 86°11´W 27 U7 Hartville Missouri, C USA 37°15´N 92°30´W 23 U2 Hartwell Georgia, SE USA 34°21´N 82°55´W 21 O11 Hartwell Lake d Georgia/ South Carolina, SE USA Hartz see Harts Harunabad see Eslāmābād-e Gharb Har-Us see Erdenebüren 162 F6 Har Us Gol c Hovd, W Mongolia

44°41´N 27°56´E

92 H10 Harstad Troms, N Norway 31 O8

24 M1

101 J14

50°34´N 59°29´W

64 B12 Harrington Sound bay Bermuda, NW Atlantic Ocean 96 F8 Harris physical region NW Scotland, United Kingdom 27 X10 Harrisburg Arkansas, C USA

32

29 T12

29 N4

12 H11 Harricana j Québec, SE Canada 20 M9 Harriman Tennessee, S USA

28

97 M15

41°46´N 72°41´W Hartford Kentucky, S USA 37°26´N 86°57´W Hartford Michigan, N USA 42°12´N 85°54´W Hartford South Dakota, N USA 43°37´N 96°56´W Hartford Wisconsin, N USA 43°19´N 88°25´W Hartford City Indiana, N USA 40°27´N 85°22´W Hartington Nebraska, C USA 42°37´N 97°15´W Hartland New Brunswick, SE Canada 46°18´N 67°31´W Hartland Point headland SW England, United Kingdom 51°01´N 04°33´W Hartlepool N England, United Kingdom 54°41´N 01°13´W Hartley Iowa, C USA 43°10´N 95°28´W Hartley Texas, SW USA 35°52´N 102°24´W Hart Mountain l Oregon, NW USA 42°24´N 119°46´W Hartog Ridge undersea feature W Indian Ocean Hartola Päijät-Häme, S Finland 61°34´N 26°04´E Harts var. Hartz. j N South Africa Hartselle Alabama, S USA 34°26´N 86°56´W

50°02´N 10°32´E

Hassi Bel Guebbour E Algeria 28°41´N 06°29´E Hassi Messaoud E Algeria

31°41´N 06°10´E

95 K22 Hässleholm Skåne, S Sweden 56°09´N 13°45´E

Hasta Colonia/Hasta Pompeia see Asti 183 O13 Hastings Victoria, SE Australia 38°18´S 145°12´E 184 O11 Hastings Hawke’s Bay, North Island, New Zealand 39°39´S 176°51´E

97 P23 Hastings SE England, United Kingdom 50°51´N 00°36´E 31 P9 Hastings Michigan, N USA 42°38´N 85°17´W

29 W9 Hastings Minnesota, N USA

Volcano River

44°44´N 92°51´W

Lake Reservoir

29 P16 Hastings Nebraska, C USA 40°35´N 98°23´W

95 K22 Hästveda Skåne, S Sweden 56°16´N 13°55´E

92 J8

Hasvik Finnmark, N Norway

37 V6

Haswell Colorado, C USA

70°29´N 22°08´E

38°27´N 103°09´W

163 N11 Hatanbulag var. Ergel. Dornogovĭ, SE Mongolia

136 K17 37 R15 36 K7 20 F9 116 G12

165 O17 183 N8 162 I5 153 V16 141 T13 167 R14 167 T8

138 F12 167 R6

43°10´N 109°13´E Hatansuudal see Bayanlig Hatavch see Haldzan Hatay r province S Turkey Hatch New Mexico, SW USA 32°40´N 107°10´W Hatch Utah, W USA 37°39´N 112°25´W Hatchie River j Tennessee, S USA Haeg Ger. Wallenthal, Hung. Hátszeg; prev. Hatzeg, Hötzing. Hunedoara, SW Romania 45°35´N 22°57´E Hateruma-jima island Yaeyama-shotō, SW Japan Hatfield New South Wales, SE Australia 33°54´S 143°43´E Hatgal Hövsgöl, N Mongolia 50°24´N 100°12´E Hathazari Chittagong, SE Bangladesh 22°30´N 91°46´E Hathũt, Hişā’ oasis NE Yemen Ha Tiên Kiên Giang, S Vietnam 10°24´N 104°30´E Ha Tinh Ha Tinh, N Vietnam 18°21´N 105°55´E atira, Haré see Hatira, Harei Hatira, Harei prev. Haré atira. hill range S Israel Hat Lot var. Mai Son. Son La, N Vietnam 21°07´N 104°10´E

45 P16 Hato Airport k (Willemstad) Curaçao 12°10´N 68°56´W

54 H9 Hato Corozal Casanare, C Colombia 06°08´N 71°45´W Hato del Volcán see Volcán 45 P9 Hato Mayor E Dominican Republic 18°49´N 69°16´W Hatra see Al Ḩaḑr Hatria see Adria Hátszeg see Haeg 143 R16 Ḩattá Dubayy, NE United Arab Emirates 24°50´N 56°06´E 182 L9 Hattah Victoria, SE Australia 34°49´S 142°18´E

98 M9 Hattem Gelderland, E Netherlands 52°29´N 06°04´E 21 Z10 Hatteras Hatteras Island, North Carolina, SE USA 35°13´N 75°39´W

21 Rr10 Hatteras, Cape headland North Carolina, SE USA 35°29´N 75°33´W

Hatteras Island island North Carolina, SE USA 64 F10 Hatteras Plain undersea feature W Atlantic Ocean 21 Z9

31°00´N 71°00´W

93 G14 Hattfjelldal Troms, N Norway 65°37´N 13°58´E 22 M7 Hattiesburg Mississippi, S USA 31°20´N 89°17´W 29 Q4 Hatton North Dakota, N USA

64 L6

191 W6 111 K22 167 O16

80 N13 95 D18 95 C15 109 X2

47°38´N 97°27´W Hatton Bank see Hatton Ridge Hatton Ridge var. Hatton Bank. undersea feature N Atlantic Ocean 59°00´N 17°30´W Hatutu island Îles Marquises, NE French Polynesia Hatvan Heves, NE Hungary 47°40´N 19°39´E Hat Yai var. Ban Hat Yai. Songkhla, SW Thailand 07°01´N 100°27´E Hatzeg see Haeg Hatzfeld see Jimbolia Haud plateau Ethiopia/ Somalia Hauge Rogaland, S Norway 58°20´N 06°17´E Haugesund Rogaland, S Norway 59°24´N 05°17´E Haugsdorf Niederösterreich, NE Austria 48°41´N 16°04´E

184 M9 Hauhungaroa Range m North Island, New Zealand 95 E15 Haukeligrend Telemark, S Norway 59°45´N 07°33´E 93 L14 Haukipudas PohjoisPohjanmaa, C Finland 65°11´N 25°21´E

93 M17 Haukivesi c SE Finland 93 M17 Haukivuori Etelä-Savo, E Finland 62°02´N 27°11´E Hauptkanal see Havelländ Grosse 187 N10 Hauraha Makira-Ulawa, SE Solomon Islands 184 L5 185 B24 167 S14 92 N12 74 F7 79 M17

10°47´S 162°00´E Hauraki Gulf gulf North Island, N New Zealand Hauroko, Lake c South Island, New Zealand Hâu, Sông j S Vietnam Hautajärvi Lappi, NE Finland 66°30´N 29°01´E Haut Atlas Eng. High Atlas. m C Morocco Haut-Congo off. Région du Haut-Congo; prev. HautZaïre. r region NE Dem. Rep. Congo

103 Y14 Haute-Corse r department Corse, France, C Mediterranean Sea 102 L16 Haute-Garonne r department S France 79 K14 Haute-Kotto r prefecture E Central African Republic 103 P12 Haute-Loire r department C France 103 R6 Haute-Marne r department N France 102 M3 Haute-Normandie r region N France 15 U6 Hauterive Québec, SE Canada 49°11´N 68°16´W 103 T13 Hautes-Alpes r department SE France 103 S7 Haute-Saône r department E France 103 T10 Haute-Savoie r department E France 99 M20 Hautes Fagnes Ger. Hohes Venn. m E Belgium 102 K16 Hautes-Pyrénées r department S France 99 L23 Haute Sûre, Lac de la d NW Luxembourg 102 M11 Haute-Vienne r department C France 19 S8 Haut, Isle au island Maine, NE USA

Haut-MboMou – Heze 79 M14 Haut-Mbomou r prefecture SE Central African Republic 103 Q2 Hautmont Nord, N France 50°15´N 03°55´E

79 F19 Haut-Ogooué off. Province du Haut-Ogooué, var. Le Haut-Ogooué. r province SE Gabon Haut-Ogooué, Le see Haut-Ogooué Haut-Ogooué, Province du see Haut-Ogooué 103 U7 Haut-Rhin r department NE France 74 I6 Hauts Plateaux plateau Algeria/Morocco Haut-Zaïre see Haut-Congo 38 D9 Hau‘ula var. Hauula. O‘ahu, Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 101 O22 30 K13 97 N23 35 Y14 95 J23 100 N10 99 J21 100 M11 149 U5

21°36´N 157°54´W Hauula see Hau‘ula Hauzenberg Bayern, SE Germany 48°39´N 13°37´E Havana Illinois, N USA 40°18´N 90°03´W Havana see La Habana Havant S England, United Kingdom 50°51´N 00°59´W Havasu, Lake d Arizona/ California, W USA Havdrup Sjælland, E Denmark 55°33´N 12°08´E Havel j NE Germany Havelange Namur, SE Belgium 50°23´N 05°14´E Havelberg Sachsen-Anhalt, NE Germany 52°49´N 12°05´E Haveliān Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, NW Pakistan 34°05´N 73°14´E

35 S7

39 21 35

41°17´S 173°46´E

19 O10 93 G17 111 I17 111 E17

92 K7 99 F20 33 T7 13 P11 136 B10 38 D8

38 G12 192 M5 192 L5 193 N6 29 R12 139 P6 185 D21 184 K11 20 J5 38 G11 38 G11

96 K13 139 S4 139 Y10 185 E21 184 P10 182 I6 184 N11 149 O16 15 N12 23 T5 14 B7 21 N10

51°50´N 04°57´W Haverhill E England, United Kingdom 52°05´N 00°26´E Haverhill Massachusetts, NE USA 42°46´N 71°02´W Haverö Västernorrland, C Sweden 62°25´N 15°04´E Havířov Moravskoslezský Kraj, E Czech Republic 49°47´N 18°30´E Havlíčkův Brod Ger. Deutsch-Brod; prev. Nĕmecký Brod. Vysočina, C Czech Republic 49°38´N 15°46´E Havøysund Finnmark, N Norway 70°59´N 24°39´E Havré Hainaut, S Belgium 50°29´N 04°03´E Havre Montana, NW USA 48°33´N 109°41´W Havre see le Havre Havre-St-Pierre Québec, E Canada 50°16´N 63°36´W Havsa Edirne, NW Turkey 41°32´N 26°49´E Hawai‘i off. State of Hawai‘i, also known as Aloha State, Paradise of the Pacific, var. Hawaii. r state USA, C Pacific Ocean Hawai‘i var. Hawaii. island Hawaiian Islands, USA, C Pacific Ocean Hawai‘ian Islands prev. Sandwich Islands. island group Hawaii, USA Hawaiian Ridge undersea feature N Pacific Ocean 24°00´N 165°00´W Hawaiian Trough undersea feature N Pacific Ocean Hawarden Iowa, C USA 43°00´N 96°29´W Hawash see Āwash Hawbayn al Gharbīyah Al Anbār, C Iraq 34°24´N 42°06´E Hawea, Lake c South Island, New Zealand Hawera Taranaki, North Island, New Zealand 39°36´S 174°16´E Hawesville Kentucky, S USA 37°53´N 86°47´W Hawi Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 20°14´N 155°50´W Hāwī var. Hawi. Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 20°13´N 155°49´E Hawi see Hāwī Hawick SE Scotland, United Kingdom 55°24´N 02°49´W Ḩawījah Kirkūk, C Iraq 35°15´N 43°54´E Ḩawīzah, Hawr al c S Iraq Hawkdun Range m South Island, New Zealand Hawke Bay bay North Island, New Zealand Hawker South Australia 31°54´S 138°25´E Hawke’s Bay off. Hawkes Bay Region. r region North Island, New Zealand Hawkes Bay bay SE Pakistan Hawkes Bay Region see Hawke’s Bay Hawkesbury Ontario, SE Canada 45°36´N 74°38´W Hawkeye State see Iowa Hawkinsville Georgia, SE USA 32°16´N 83°28´W Hawk Junction Ontario, S Canada 48°05´N 84°34´W Haw Knob l North Carolina/Tennessee, SE USA 35°18´N 84°01´W 35°54´N 81°53´W

8

163 Q13

36 M3

40°33´N 123°10´W Hayir, Qasr al see Ḩayr al Gharbī, Qaşr al Haylaastay see Sühbaatar Hay Lake c Ontario, SE Canada Haymā’ var. Haima. C Oman 19°59´N 56°20´E Haymana Ankara, C Turkey 39°26´N 32°30´E Ḩaymūr, Jabal m W Syria Haynau see Chojnów Haynesville Louisiana, S USA 32°57´N 93°08´W Hayneville Alabama, S USA 32°13´N 86°34´W Hayrabolu Tekirdağ, NW Turkey 41°14´N 27°04´E

48°37´N 101°58´E

27 V10 161 N5 32 F11 96 F9 13 P5 31 29 28 138

95 10 41 160 101

97 O23 Haywards Heath SE England, United Kingdom

99 160 29 9 29 93 95 92 95 95

40°01´N 82°26´W Heathcote Victoria, SE Australia 36°57´S 144°43´E Heathrow k (London) SE England, United Kingdom 51°28´N 00°27´W Heathsville Virginia, NE USA 37°55´N 76°29´W Heavener Oklahoma, C USA 34°53´N 94°36´W Hebbronville Texas, SW USA 27°19´N 98°41´W Hebei var. Hebei Sheng, Hopeh, Hopei, Ji; prev. Chihli. r province E China Hebei Sheng see Hebei Heber City Utah, W USA 40°31´N 111°25´W Heber Springs Arkansas, C USA 35°30´N 92°01´W Hebi Henan, C China 35°57´N 114°08´E Hebo Oregon, NW USA 45°10´N 123°55´W

Hebrides, Sea of the sea NW Scotland, United Kingdom Hebron Newfoundland and Labrador, E Canada

58°15´N 62°45´W N11 Hebron Indiana, N USA 41°19´N 87°12´W Q17 Hebron Nebraska, C USA 40°10´N 97°35´W L5 Hebron North Dakota, N USA 46°54´N 102°03´W F11 Hebron var. Al Khalīl, El Khalil, Heb. Hevron; anc. Kiriath-Arba. S West Bank 31°30´N 35°E Hebrus see Évros/Maritsa/ Meriç N14 Heby Västmanland, C Sweden 59°56´N 16°53´E I14 Hecate Strait strait British Columbia, W Canada W12 Hecelchakán Campeche, SE Mexico 20°09´N 90°04´W K13 Hechi var. Jinchengjiang. Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, S China 24°39´N 108°02´E H23 Hechingen BadenWürttemberg, S Germany 48°20´N 08°58´E K17 Hechtel Limburg, NE Belgium 51°07´N 05°24´E J9 Hechuan var. Heyang. Chongqing Shi, C China 30°02´N 106°15´E P7 Hecla South Dakota, N USA 45°52´N 98°09´W N1 Hecla, Cape headland Nunavut, N Canada 82°00´N 64°00´W T9 Hector Minnesota, N USA 44°44´N 94°43´W F17 Hede Jämtland, C Sweden 62°25´N 13°33´E Hede see Sheyang M14 Hedemora Dalarna, C Sweden 60°18´N 15°58´E K13 Hedenäset Finn. Hietaniemi. Norrbotten, N Sweden 66°12´N 23°40´E G23 Hedensted Syddanmark, C Denmark 55°47´N 09°43´E N14 Hedesunda Gävleborg, C Sweden 60°25´N 17°00´E

49°09´N 09°13´E

Heiligenbeil see Mamonovo 109 Q8 Heiligenblut Tirol, W Austria 47°04´N 12°50´E 100 K7 Heiligenhafen SchleswigHolstein, N Germany 54°22´N 10°57´E

Heiligenkreuz see Žiar nad Hronom 101 J15 Heiligenstadt Thüringen, C Germany 51°22´N 10°09´E 163 W8 Heilongjiang var. Hei, Heilongjiang Sheng, Heilung-chiang, Heilungkiang. r province NE China Heilong Jiang see Amur Heilongjiang Sheng see Heilongjiang 98 H9 Heiloo Noord-Holland, NW Netherlands 52°36´N 04°43´E Heilsberg see Lidzbark Warmiński

92 I4 94 H8 93 N17 99 M22 98 M10 93 M18 101 C16

99 H17 Heist-op-den-Berg Antwerpen, C Belgium 171 X15

160 M14 158 K6

137 N14 92 J4

110 J6 186 B6 93 F17 159 W8

39°26´N 53°07´E

94 I12 Hedmark r county S Norway 165 T16 Hedo-misaki headland Okinawa, SW Japan

139 V4

29°26´N 57°15´E

26°55´N 128°15´E

27 X12

41°10´N 92°18´W

33 R10

51°12´N 06°01´E

96 H12

Hazarat Imam see Imām Şāḩib 21 O7 Hazard Kentucky, S USA

29 X15 Hedrick Iowa, C USA

137 O15 Hazar Gölü c C Turkey 153 P15 Hazārībāg var. Hazāribāgh. Jhārkhand, N India

189 Y12 Heel Point point Wake Island 98 H9 Heemskerk Noord-Holland, W Netherlands 52°31´N 04°40´E 98 M10 Heerde Gelderland, E Netherlands 52°24´N 06°02´E 98 L7 Heerenveen Fris. It Hearrenfean. Fryslân, N Netherlands 52°57´N 05°55´E 98 I8 Heerhugowaard NoordHolland, NW Netherlands

99 L16 Heel Limburg, SE Netherlands

37°14´N 83°11´W

24°00´N 85°23´E Hazāribāgh see Hazārībāg 103 O1 Hazebrouck Nord, N France 50°43´N 02°33´E 30 K9 Hazel Green Wisconsin, N USA 42°33´N 90°26´W 192 K9 Hazel Holme Bank undersea feature S Pacific Ocean 12°49´S 174°30´E 10 K13 Hazelton British Columbia, SW Canada 55°15´N 127°38´W 29 N6 Hazelton North Dakota, N USA 46°27´N 100°17´W 35 R5 Hazen Nevada, W USA 39°33´N 119°02´W 28 L5 Hazen North Dakota, N USA 47°18´N 101°37´W 38 L12 Hazen Bay bay E Bering Sea 9 N1 Hazen, Lake c Nunavut, N Canada 139 S5 Hazīm, Bi’r well C Iraq 23 V6 Hazlehurst Georgia, SE USA 31°51´N 82°35´W 22 K6 Hazlehurst Mississippi, S USA 31°51´N 90°24´W 18 K15 Hazlet New Jersey, NE USA 40°24´N 74°10´W 146 I9 Hazorasp Rus. Khazarosp. Xorazm Viloyati, W Uzbekistan 41°21´N 61°01´E

147 R13 Hazratishoh, Qatorkŭhi var. Khrebet Khazretishi, Rus. Khrebet Khozretishi. m S Tajikistan Hazr, Kūh-e ā see Hazārān, Kūh-e 149 U6 Hazro Punjab, E Pakistan 33°55´N 72°33´E Headland Alabama, S USA 31°21´N 85°20´W

Head of Bight headland South Australia 31°33´S 131°05´E 33 N10 Headquarters Idaho, NW USA 46°38´N 115°52´W 34 M7 Healdsburg California, W USA 38°36´N 122°52´W

Country Country Capital

52°40´N 04°50´E

92 O3 Heer Land physical region C Svalbard 99 M18 Heerlen Limburg, SE Netherlands 50°55´N 06°E 99 J19 Heers Limburg, NE Belgium 98 K13 99 K15 138 F8

161 Q8

23 R3 163 X7 164 L10

100 H8 101 G20 83 J21 22 M6

50°46´N 05°17´E Heerwegen see Polkowice Heesch Noord-Brabant, S Netherlands 51°44´N 05°32´E Heeze Noord-Brabant, SE Netherlands 51°23´N 05°35´E Hefa var. Haifa, hist. Caiffa, Caiphas; anc. Sycaminum. Haifa, N Israel 32°49´N 34°59´E efa, Mifraẕ see Mifrats Hefa Hefei var. Hofei, hist. Luchow. province capital Anhui, E China 31°51´N 117°20´E Heflin Alabama, S USA 33°39´N 85°35´W Hegang Heilongjiang, NE China 47°18´N 130°16´E Hegura-jima island SW Japan Heguri-jima see Heigun-tō Hei see Heilongjiang Heide Schleswig-Holstein, N Germany 54°12´N 09°06´E Heidelberg BadenWürttemberg, SW Germany 49°24´N 08°41´E Heidelberg Gauteng, NE South Africa 26°31´S 28°21´E Heidelberg Mississippi, S USA 31°53´N 88°58´W

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

Hei-lung-chiang/ Heilungkiang see Heilongjiang Heimaæy see Heimaey Heimaey var. Heimaæy. island S Iceland Heimdal Sør-Trøndelag, S Norway 63°21´N 10°23´E Heinaste see Ainaži Heinävesi Etelä-Savo, E Finland 62°22´N 28°42´E Heinerscheid Diekirch, N Luxembourg 50°06´N 06°05´E Heino Overijssel, E Netherlands 52°26´N 06°13´E Heinola Päijät-Häme, S Finland 61°13´N 26°05´E Heinsberg NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany

51°02´N 06°01´E 163 U12 Heishan Liaoning, NE China 41°43´N 122°12´E 160 H8 Heishui var. Luhua. Sichuan, C China 32°08´N 102°54´E

162 K14 99 M16

34°52´N 100°39´W

50°13´N 127°29´E

Hei He j C China Hei-ho see Nagqu 83 J22 Heilbron Free State, N South Africa 27°17´S 27°58´E 101 H21 Heilbronn BadenWürttemberg, SW Germany

95 N14 Hedesundafjärden c C Sweden 25 O3 Hedley Texas, SW USA

143 S11 Hazārān, Kūh-e var. Kūh-e ā Hazr. l SE Iran

182 C6

48°53´N 15°07´E

164 F14 Heigun-tō var. Heguri-jima. island SW Japan 163 W5 Heihe prev. Ai-hun. Heilongjiang, NE China

51°N 00°06´W

146 A11 Hazar prev. Rus. Cheleken. Balkan Welaýaty, W Turkmenistan

32°36´N 99°47´W

Ḩawrān, Wadi dry watercourse W Iraq Haw River j North Carolina, SE USA

25 R15

60°51´N 115°42´W 26 K4 Hays Kansas, C USA 38°53´N 99°20´W 28 K12 Hay Springs Nebraska, C USA 42°40´N 102°41´W 65 H25 Haystack, The l NE Saint Helena 15°55´S 05°40´W 27 N7 Haysville Kansas, C USA 37°34´N 97°21´W 117 O7 Haysyn Rus. Gaysin. Vinnyts’ka Oblast’, C Ukraine 48°50´N 29°29´E 27 Y9 Hayti Missouri, C USA 36°13´N 89°45´W 29 Q9 Hayti South Dakota, N USA 44°40´N 97°22´W 117 O8 Hayvoron Rus. Gayvorno. Kirovohrads’ka Oblast’, C Ukraine 48°20´S 29°52´E 35 N9 Hayward California, W USA 37°40´N 122°07´W 30 J4 Hayward Wisconsin, N USA 46°02´N 91°26´W

23 R7

15°39´N 48°21´E

27 R11

Hayrhandulaan var. Mardzad. Övörhangay, C Mongolia 45°58´N 102°06´E J10 Hay River Northwest Territories, W Canada

162 J9

194 J5

21 X5

136 C10 Hayrabolu Deresi j NW Turkey 138 J6 Ḩayr al Gharbī, Qaşr al var. Qasr al Hayir, Qasr al Hir al Gharbi. ruins Ḩimş, C Syria 138 L5 Ḩayr ash Sharqī, Qaşr al var. Qasr al Hir Ash Sharqī. ruins Ḩimş, C Syria 162 J7 Hayrhan var. Uubulan. Arhangay, C Mongolia

46°53´N 96°18´W

Hawley Texas, SW USA

141 R14 Ḩawrā’ C Yemen

21 T9

22 G4

114 M12

33 Z16 Hawk Springs Wyoming, C USA 41°48´N 104°17´W Hawlēr see Arbīl 29 S5 Hawley Minnesota, N USA

139 P7

138 J7

37°54´N 97°46´W

21 Q9 Hawksbill Mountain l North Carolina, SE USA

25 P7

136 H13

23 P6

97 H21 Haverfordwest SW Wales, United Kingdom 97 P20

141 X11

52°46´N 06°14´E

27 N6 Haven Kansas, C USA

97 N22

44°20´N 101°01´W

14 I12

49°42´N 83°40´W

40°29´N 107°15´W

X13 Hayes j Manitoba, C Canada P12 Hayes j Nunavut, NE Canada M16 Hayes Center Nebraska, C USA 40°30´N 101°02´W S10 Hayes, Mount l Alaska, USA 63°37´N 146°43´W N11 Hayesville North Carolina, SE USA 35°03´N 83°49´W X10 Hayford Peak l Nevada, W USA 36°40´N 115°10´W M3 Hayfork California, W USA

185 J14 Havelock Marlborough, South Island, New Zealand

162 S8

183 N11

28 M10 Hayes South Dakota, N USA

28

12 F12 Hearst Ontario, S Canada

30°52´N 96°35´W

101 K15 Helme j C Germany 99 L15 Helmond NoordBrabant, S Netherlands 96 J7

48°41´N 10°09´E

109 U2 Heidenreichstein Niederösterreich, N Austria

33°00´N 110°46´W

37 Q3 Hayden Colorado, C USA

11

63°51´N 148°58´W

Heidenheim see Heidenheim an der Brenz 101 J22 Heidenheim an der Brenz var. Heidenheim. BadenWürttemberg, S Germany

173 R13 Heard and McDonald Islands p Australian external territory S Indian Ocean 173 R13 Heard Island island Heard and McDonald Islands, S Indian Ocean 25 U9 Hearne Texas, SW USA

65°12´N 161°10´W

36 M14 Hayden Arizona, SW USA

9

34°13´N 97°29´W

183 O12 Healesville Victoria, SE Australia 37°41´S 145°31´E 39 R10 Healy Alaska, USA

Hearst Island island Antarctica Heart of Dixie see Alabama 28 L5 Heart River j North Dakota, N USA 31 T13 Heath Ohio, N USA

Hayastani Hanrapetut’yun see Armenia Hayasui-seto see Hōyo-kaikyō 39 N9 Haycock Alaska, USA

34

21 X11 Havelock North Carolina, SE USA 34°52´N 76°54´W 184 O11 Havelock North Hawke’s Bay, North Island, New Zealand 39°40´S 176°53´E 98 M8 Havelte Drenthe, NE Netherlands

34°34´N 45°33´E

Hawthorne Nevada, W USA

38°30´N 118°38´W 37 W3 Haxtun Colorado, C USA 40°36´N 102°38´W 183 N9 Hay New South Wales, SE Australia 34°31´S 144°51´E 11 O10 Hay j W Canada 171 S13 Haya Pulau Seram, E Indonesia 03°22´S 129°31´E 165 R9 Hayachine-san l Honshū, C Japan 39°31´N 141°28´E 103 S4 Hayange Moselle, NE France 49°19´N 06°04´E HaYarden see Jordan

100 N12 Havelländ Grosse var. Hauptkanal. canal NE Germany 14 J14 Havelock Ontario, SE Canada 44°22´N 77°57´W

27 N13 Healdton Oklahoma, C USA

139 U5 Hawshqūrah Diyālá, E Iraq

184 K5 95 L20 100 G8

100 G8

92 I4 143 N11 98 N10

51°04´N 04°43´E Heitō see Pingdong Heitske Papua, E Indonesia 07°02´S 138°45´E Hejanah see Al Hījānah Hejaz see Al Ḩijāz He Jiang j S China Hejiayan see Lüeyang Hejing Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 42°21´N 86°19´E Héjjasfalva see Vânători Heka see Hoika Hekimhan Malatya, C Turkey 38°50´N 37°56´E Hekla l S Iceland 63°56´N 19°42´W Hekou see Yanshan, Jiangxi, China Hekou see Yajiang, Sichuan, China Hel Ger. Hela. Pomorskie, N Poland 54°35´N 18°48´E Hela r province W Papua New Guinea Hela see Hel Helagsfjället l C Sweden 62°57´N 12°31´E Helan var. Xigang. Ningxia, N China 38°33´N 106°21´E Helan Shan m N China Helden Limburg, SE Netherlands 51°20´N 06°00´E Hełebce Ar. Ḩalabjah, var. Haabja. As Sulaymānīyah, NE Iraq 35°11´N 45°59´E Helena Arkansas, C USA 34°32´N 90°34´W Helena state capital Montana, NW USA 46°36´N 112°02´W Helensburgh W Scotland, United Kingdom 56°00´N 04°45´W Helensville Auckland, North Island, New Zealand 36°42´S 174°26´E Helgasjön c S Sweden Helgoland Eng. Heligoland. island NW Germany Helgoland Bay see Helgoländer Bucht Helgoländer Bucht var. Helgoland Bay, Heligoland Bight. bay NW Germany Heligoland see Helgoland Heligoland Bight see Helgoländer Bucht Heliopolis see Baalbek Hella Suðurland, SW Iceland 63°51´N 20°24´W Hellas see Greece Ḩelleh, Rūd-e j S Iran Hellendoorn Overijssel, E Netherlands 52°22´N 06°27´E Hellenic Republic see Greece

100 K13 163 Y10 36 M4 100 O10 95 J22

95 J22 93 M20 97 H25

61 C17 97 K15

163 N7 162 M7 183 P10

101 G19 32 J11 160 L15

92 J2 148 K5 148 J5 103 P14

185 F22 38 J17

33°45´N 116°58´W

31°21´N 93°50´W 25 V11 Hempstead Texas, SW USA 30°06´N 96°06´W 95 P20 Hemse Gotland, SE Sweden 57°12´N 18°22´E 94 F13 Hemsedal valley S Norway 161 N6 Henan var. Henan Sheng, Honan, Yu. r province C China 184 L4 Hen and Chickens island group N New Zealand

Henan Mongolzu Zizhixian/Henan Sheng see Yêgainnyin 105 O7 Henares j C Spain 165 P7 Henashi-zaki headland Honshū, C Japan 40°37´N 139°51´E

102 I16 Hendaye PyrénéesAtlantiques, SW France

15 Q7 101 G17 113 I17

11 X10 186 E8 92 K2 42 M13 42 M12

97 K21 24 M3

43°22´N 01°46´W

136 F11 Hendek Sakarya, NW Turkey

15 Q13

61 B21 Henderson Buenos Aires, E Argentina 36°18´S 61°43´W 20 I5 Henderson Kentucky, S USA

97 K21

40°47´N 30°45´E

37°50´N 87°35´W

191 U11

36°02´N 114°58´W

105 N10

35 X11 Henderson Nevada, W USA

Henderson North Carolina, SE USA 36°20´N 78°26´W 20 G10 Henderson Tennessee, S USA 35°27´N 88°40´W 25 W7 Henderson Texas, SW USA 21 V8

99 H18 99 I16

32°11´N 94°48´W

30 J12 Henderson Creek j Illinois, N USA 186 M9 Henderson Field k (Honiara) Guadalcanal, C Solomon Islands 09°28´S 160°02´E

191 O17 Henderson Island atoll N Pitcairn Group of Islands 21 O10 Hendersonville North Carolina, SE USA 20 J8 143 O14 55 V10

14 L12 161 S15

35°19´N 82°28´W

Hendersonville Tennessee, S USA 36°18´N 86°37´W Hendorābī, Jazīreh-ye island S Iran Hendrik Top var. Hendriktop. elevation C Suriname Hendriktop see Hendrik Top Hendū Kosh see Hindu Kush Heney, Lac c Québec, SE Canada Hengchow see Hengyang Hengch’un S Taiwan 22°09´N 120°43´E

159 R16 Hengduan Shan m SW China 98 N12 Hengelo Gelderland, E Netherlands 52°03´N 06°19´E 98 O10 Hengelo Overijssel, E Netherlands 52°16´N 06°46´E Hengnan see Hengyang 161 N11 Hengshan Hunan, S China 160 L4 161 O4 161 N12

117 U11 21 Z4

94 M10 102 G7

26 M9

51°49´N 04°08´E

Administrative Regions International Airport

100 J9

28 J13 Hemingford Nebraska, C USA 42°18´N 103°02´W 21 T13 Hemingway South Carolina, SE USA 33°45´N 79°25´W 92 G13 Hemnesberget Nordland, C Norway 66°14´N 13°40´E 25 Y8 Hemphill Texas, SW USA

51°46´N 00°28´W

100 N12

32 M12 Hells Canyon valley Idaho/ Oregon, NW USA 148 L9 Helmand r province S Afghanistan 148 K10 Helmand, Daryā-ye var. Rūd-e Hīrmand. j Afghanistan/Iran see also Hīrmand, Rūd-e Helmand, Daryā-ye see Hīrmand, Rūd-e Helmantica see Salamanca

14 E15

35 U16 Hemet California, W USA

94 E10 Hellesylt Møre og Romsdal, S Norway 62°06´N 06°51´E 98 F13 Hellevoetsluis ZuidHolland, SW Netherlands

37°53´N 23°43´E

33 R13

103 P15 11 T16

30 L11

105 Q12 Hellín Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 38°31´N 01°43´W 115 H19 Hellinikon k (Athína) Attikí, C Greece

51°29´N 05°41´E Helmsdale N Scotland, United Kingdom 58°06´N 03°36´W Helmstedt Niedersachsen, N Germany 52°14´N 11°01´E Helong Jilin, NE China 42°38´N 129°01´E Helper Utah, W USA 39°40´N 110°52´W Helpter Berge hill NE Germany Helsingborg prev. Hälsingborg. Skåne, S Sweden 56°N 12°48´E Helsingfors see Helsinki Helsingør Eng. Elsinore. Hovedstaden, E Denmark 56°03´N 12°38´E Helsinki Swe. Helsingfors. a (Finland) Uusimaa, S Finland 60°18´N 24°58´E Helston SW England, United Kingdom 50°04´N 05°17´W Heltau see Cisnădie Helvecia Santa Fe, C Argentina 31°09´S 60°09´W Helvellyn l NW England, United Kingdom 54°31´N 03°00´W Helvetia see Switzerland Helwân see Hilwān

R5

97 N21 Hemel Hempstead E England, United Kingdom

121 Q10 Hellenic Trough undersea feature Aegean Sea, C Mediterranean Sea 22°00´E 35°30´N

9

19 N9 25 S5

30 L12 21 Y7 27 P10 194 M7

27°17´N 112°51´E Hengshan Shaanxi, C China 37°57´N 109°17´E Hengshui Hebei, E China 37°42´N 115°39´E Hengyang var. Hengnan, Heng-yang; prev. Hengchow. Hunan, S China 26°55´N 112°34´E Heng-yang see Hengyang Heniches’k Rus. Genichesk. Khersons’ka Oblast’, S Ukraine 46°10´N 34°49´E Henlopen, Cape headland Delaware, NE USA 38°48´N 75°06´W Henna see Enna Hennan Gävleborg, C Sweden 62°01´N 15°55´E Hennebont Morbihan, NW France 47°48´N 03°17´W Hennepin Illinois, N USA 41°14´N 89°21´W Hennessey Oklahoma, C USA 36°06´N 97°54´W Hennigsdorf var. Hennigsdorf bei Berlin. Brandenburg, NE Germany 52°37´N 13°13´E Hennigsdorf bei Berlin see Hennigsdorf Henniker New Hampshire, NE USA 43°10´N 71°47´W Henrietta Texas, SW USA 33°49´N 98°13´W Henrique de Carvalho see Saurimo Henry Illinois, N USA 41°06´N 89°21´W Henry, Cape headland Virginia, NE USA 36°55´N 76°01´W Henryetta Oklahoma, C USA 35°26´N 95°58´W Henry Ice Rise ice cap Antarctica

Mountain Mountain Range

Volcano River

99 H17 95 J23 100 G13 27 O5 108 H7

99 J18

162 M8

35 Q4 97 L26 109 R9 29 S7 96 L1 27 V4 181 Q8

94 E12 138 H6 183 P6 55 X9 32 K11 27 T6 186 D4 25 O7 138 G7

28 J10 40 F5 111 N20 61 C18 23 V11 22 L1

Henry Kater, Cape headland Baffin Island, Nunavut, NE Canada 69°09´N 66°45´W Henrys Fork j Idaho, NW USA Hensall Ontario, S Canada 43°25´N 81°28´W Henstedt-Ulzburg Schleswig-Holstein, N Germany 53°45´N 09°59´E Hentiy var. Batshireet, Eg. r province N Mongolia Hentiyn Nuruu m N Mongolia Henty New South Wales, SE Australia 35°33´S 147°03´E Henzada see Hinthada Heping see Huishui Heppenheim Hessen, W Germany 49°39´N 08°38´E Heppner Oregon, NW USA 45°21´N 119°32´W Hepu var. Lianzhou. Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, S China 21°40´N 109°12´E Heracleum see Irákleio Heraðsvötn C Iceland Herakleion see Irákleio Herāt var. Herat; anc. Aria. Herāt, W Afghanistan 34°23´N 62°11´E Herāt r province W Afghanistan Hérault r department S France Hérault j S France Herbert Saskatchewan, S Canada 50°27´N 107°09´W Herbert Otago, South Island, New Zealand 45°14´S 170°48´E Herbert Island island Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA Herbertshöhe see Kokopo Hérbertville Québec, SE Canada 48°23´N 71°42´W Herborn Hessen, W Germany 50°40´N 08°18´E Herceg-Novi It. Castelnuovo; prev. Ercegnovi. SW Montenegro 42°28´N 18°35´E Herchmer Manitoba, C Canada 57°25´N 94°12´W Hercules Bay bay E Papua New Guinea Herðubreið C Iceland 65°12´N 16°26´W Heredia Heredia, C Costa Rica 10°N 84°06´W Heredia off. Provincia de Heredia. r province N Costa Rica Heredia, Provincia de see Heredia Hereford W England, United Kingdom 52°04´N 02°43´W Hereford Texas, SW USA 34°49´N 102°25´W Hereford, Mont l Québec, SE Canada 45°04´N 71°38´W Herefordshire cultural region W England, United Kingdom Hereheretue atoll Îles Tuamotu, C French Polynesia Herencia Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 39°22´N 03°12´W Herent Vlaams Brabant, C Belgium 50°54´N 04°40´E Herentals var. Herenthals. Antwerpen, N Belgium 51°11´N 04°50´E Herenthals see Herentals Herenthout Antwerpen, N Belgium 51°09´N 04°45´E Herfølge Sjælland, E Denmark 55°25´N 12°09´E Herford NordrheinWestfalen, NW Germany 52°07´N 08°41´E Herington Kansas, C USA 38°37´N 96°55´W Herisau Fr. Hérisau. Ausser Rhoden, NE Switzerland 47°23´N 09°17´E Hérisau see Herisau Héristal see Herstal Herk-de-Stad Limburg, NE Belgium 50°57´N 05°12´E Herkulesbad/ Herkulesfürdő see Băile Herculane Herlenbayan-Ulaan var. Dulaan. Hentiy, C Mongolia 47°09´N 108°48´E Herlen Gol/Herlen He see Kerulen Herlong California, W USA 40°07´N 120°06´W Herm island Channel Islands Hermagor Slvn. Šmohor. Kärnten, S Austria 46°37´N 13°24´E Herman Minnesota, N USA 45°49´N 96°08´W Herma Ness headland NE Scotland, United Kingdom 60°51´N 00°55´W Hermann Missouri, C USA 38°43´N 91°26´W Hermannsburg Northern Territory, N Australia 23°59´S 132°55´E Hermannstadt see Sibiu Hermansverk Sogn Og Fjordane, S Norway 61°11´N 06°52´E Hermel var. Hirmil. NE Lebanon 34°23´N 36°19´E Hermhausen see Hajnówka Hermidale New South Wales, SE Australia 31°36´S 146°42´E Herminadorp Sipaliwini, NE Suriname 05°05´N 54°22´W Hermiston Oregon, NW USA 45°50´N 119°17´W Hermitage Missouri, C USA 37°57´N 93°21´W Hermit Islands island group N Papua New Guinea Hermleigh Texas, SW USA 32°37´N 100°44´W Hermon, Mount Ar. Jabal ash Shaykh. l S Syria 35°30´N 33°30´E Hermopolis Parva see Damanhūr Hermosa South Dakota, N USA 43°49´N 103°12´W Hermosillo Sonora, NW Mexico 28°59´N 110°53´W Hermoupolis see Ermoúpoli Hernád var. Hornád, Ger. Kundert. j Hungary/ Slovakia Hernández Entre Ríos, E Argentina 32°21´S 60°02´W Hernando Florida, SE USA 28°54´N 82°22´W Hernando Mississippi, S USA 34°49´N 89°59´W

Lake Reservoir

105 Q2 Hernani País Vasco, N Spain 43°16´N 01°59´W

99 F19 Herne Vlaams Brabant, C Belgium 50°45´N 04°03´E 101 E14 Herne Nordrhein-Westfalen, W Germany 51°32´N 07°12´E 95 F22 Herning Midtjylland, W Denmark 56°08´N 08°59´E Hernösand see Härnösand 121 U11 Herodotus Basin undersea feature E Mediterranean Sea 121 Q12 Herodotus Trough undersea feature C Mediterranean Sea 29 T11 Heron Lake Minnesota, N USA 43°48´N 95°18´W Herowābād see Khalkhāl 95 G16 Herre Telemark, S Norway 59°06´N 09°34´E

29 N7 Herreid South Dakota, N USA 45°49´N 100°04´W 101 H22 Herrenberg BadenWürttemberg, S Germany 48°36´N 08°52´E

104 L14 Herrera Andalucía, S Spain 37°22´N 04°50´W

43 R17 Herrera off. Provincia de Herrera. r province S Panama 104 L10 Herrera del Duque Extremadura, W Spain 39°10´N 05°03´W

104 M4 Herrera de Pisuerga Castilla y León, N Spain 42°35´N 04°20´W

Herrera, Provincia de see Herrera 41 Z13 Herrero, Punta headland SE Mexico 19°15´N 87°28´W 183 P16 Herrick Tasmania, SE Australia 41°07´S 147°53´E 30 L17 Herrin Illinois, N USA 37°48´N 89°01´W

20 M6 Herrington Lake d Kentucky, S USA 95 K18 Herrljunga Västra Götaland, S Sweden 58°05´N 13°02´E

103 N16 Hers j S France 10 I1 Herschel Island island Yukon, NW Canada 99 I17 Herselt Antwerpen, C Belgium 51°04´N 04°53´E 18 G15 Hershey Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°17´N 76°39´W 99 K19 Herstal Fr. Héristal. Liège, E Belgium 50°40´N 05°38´E 97 O21 Hertford E England, United Kingdom 51°48´N 00°05´W 21 X8 Hertford North Carolina, SE USA 36°11´N 76°30´W 97 O21 Hertfordshire cultural region E England, United Kingdom 181 Z9 Hervey Bay Queensland, E Australia 25°17´S 152°48´E 101 O14 Herzberg Brandenburg, E Germany 51°42´N 13°15´E 99 E18 Herzele Oost-Vlaanderen, NW Belgium 50°52´N 03°52´E 101 K20 Herzogenaurach Bayern, SE Germany 49°34´N 10°52´E 109 W4 Herzogenburg Niederösterreich, NE Austria

103 160 159 99 35 37 10 101 95 101 192 27 93 97 153 28 101 92 163 187 99 98 102 99 111 111

45

160

97 161 182 180 161

48°18´N 15°43´E Herzogenbusch see ’s-Hertogenbosch N2 Hesdin Pas-de-Calais, N France 50°21´N 02°00´E K14 Heshan Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, S China 23°45´N 108°58´E X10 Heshui var. Xihuachi. Gansu, C China 35°42´N 108°06´E M25 Hespérange Luxembourg, SE Luxembourg 49°34´N 06°10´E U14 Hesperia California, W USA 34°25´N 117°17´W P7 Hesperus Mountain l Colorado, C USA 37°27´N 108°05´W J6 Hess j Yukon, NW Canada Hesse see Hessen J21 Hesselberg l S Germany 49°04´N 10°32´E I22 Hesselo island E Denmark H17 Hessen Eng./Fr. Hesse. r state C Germany L6 Hess Tablemount undersea feature C Pacific Ocean 17°49´N 174°15´W N6 Hesston Kansas, C USA 38°08´N 97°25´W G15 Hestkjøltoppen l C Norway 64°21´N 13°57´E K18 Heswall NW England, United Kingdom 53°20´N 03°06´W P12 Hetaudā Central, C Nepal Hétfalu see Săcele K7 Hettinger North Dakota, N USA 46°00´N 102°38´W L14 Hettstedt Sachsen-Anhalt, C Germany 51°39´N 11°31´E P3 Heuglin, Kapp headland SE Svalbard 78°15´N 22°49´E W17 Heuksan-jedo var. Hŭksangundo. island group SW South Korea N10 Heuru Makira-Ulawa, SE Solomon Islands 10°13´S 161°25´E J17 Heusden Limburg, NE Belgium 51°02´N 05°17´E J13 Heusden Noord-Brabant, S Netherlands 51°43´N 05°05´E K3 Hève, Cap de la headland N France 49°28´N 00°13´W H18 Heverlee Vlaams Brabant, C Belgium 50°52´N 04°41´E L22 Heves Heves, NE Hungary 47°36´N 20°17´E L22 Heves off. Heves Megye. r county NE Hungary Heves Megye see Heves Hevron see Hebron Y13 Hewanorra k (Saint Lucia) S Saint Lucia 13°44´N 60°57´W Hewlêr see Arbīl Hewlêr see Arbīl Hewlêr, Parêzga-î see Arbīl Hexian see Hezhou L6 Heyang Shaanxi, C China 35°14´N 110°02´E Heyang see Hechuan Heydebrech see Kędzierzyn-Kozle Heydekrug see Šilutė Heyin see Guide K16 Heysham NW England, United Kingdom 54°02´N 02°54´W O14 Heyuan var. Yuancheng. Guangdong, S China 23°41´N 114°45´E L12 Heywood Victoria, SE Australia 38°09´S 141°38´E K3 Heywood Islands island group Western Australia O6 Heze var. Caozhou. Shandong, E China 35°16´N 115°27´E

259

HezHeng – Hongwansi 159 U11 Hezheng Gansu, C China 35°29´N 103°36´E

160 M13 Hezhou var. Babu; prev. Hexian. Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, S China 24°33´N 11°30´E

159 U11 Hezuo Gansu, C China 34°55´N 102°49´E

23 Z16 Hialeah Florida, SE USA 25°51´N 80°16´W

27 Q3 Hiawatha Kansas, C USA

39°51´N 95°34´W 36 M4 Hiawatha Utah, W USA 39°28´N 111°00´W 29 V4 Hibbing Minnesota, N USA 47°24´N 92°55´W 183 N17 Hibbs, Point headland Tasmania, SE Australia 42°37´S 145°15´E Hibernia see Ireland 20 F8 Hickman Kentucky, S USA 36°33´N 89°11´W 21 Q9 Hickory North Carolina, SE USA 35°44´N 81°20´W 21 Q9 Hickory, Lake c North Carolina, SE USA 184 Q7 Hicks Bay Gisborne, North Island, New Zealand 37°36´S 178°18´E 25 S8 Hico Texas, SW USA 31°58´N 98°01´W Hida see Furukawa 165 T4 Hidaka Hokkaidō, NE Japan 42°53´N 142°24´E 164 I12 Hidaka Hyōgo, Honshū, SW Japan 35°27´N 134°43´E

165 T5

41 O6 41 N8 41 O10 41 O13 40 J7 100 N7 80 G6 109 U6 187 P16

64 N12

164 G13

164 C12

25 P1 31 P7 27 S4 30 M5 44 K12 25 X11 31 O5 30 K15 31 N10 21 O10 11 O11 29 O9 171 N3 21 S9 18 J13 11 P13 11 Q16 21 S9 23 V9 97 J24 97 N22

41 P12 102 I16 45 R5 45 P9 190 G11 81 N16

118 E4 118 D4

105 S6 191 V10 184 K3 184 Q8 192 L11

190 B15

260

Hidaka-sanmyaku m Hokkaidō, NE Japan Hidalgo var. Villa Hidalgo. Coahuila, NE Mexico 27°46´N 99°54´W Hidalgo Nuevo León, NE Mexico 29°59´N 100°27´W Hidalgo Tamaulipas, C Mexico 24°16´N 99°28´W Hidalgo r state C Mexico Hidalgo del Parral var. Parral. Chihuahua, N Mexico 26°58´N 105°40´W Hiddensee island NE Germany Hidiglib, Wadi j NE Sudan Hieflau Salzburg, E Austria 47°36´N 14°34´E Hienghène Province Nord, C New Caledonia 20°43´S 164°54´E Hierosolyma see Jerusalem Hierro var. Ferro. island Islas Canarias, Spain, NE Atlantic Ocean Hietaniemi see Hedenäset Higashi-Hiroshima var. Higasihirosima. Hiroshima, Honshū, SW Japan 34°27´N 132°43´E Higashi-suidō strait SW Japan Higasihirosima see Higashi-Hiroshima Higgins Texas, SW USA 36°06´N 100°01´W Higgins Lake c Michigan, N USA Higginsville Missouri, C USA 39°04´N 93°43´W High Atlas see Haut Atlas High Falls Reservoir d Wisconsin, N USA Highgate C Jamaica 18°16´N 76°53´W High Island Texas, SW USA 29°35´N 94°24´W High Island island Michigan, N USA Highland Illinois, N USA 38°44´N 89°40´W Highland Park Illinois, N USA 42°10´N 87°48´W Highlands North Carolina, SE USA 35°04´N 83°10´W High Level Alberta, W Canada 58°31´N 117°08´W Highmore South Dakota, N USA 44°29´N 99°26´W High Peak l Luzon, N Philippines 15°28´N 120°07´E High Plains see Great Plains High Point North Carolina, SE USA 35°58´N 80°00´W High Point hill New Jersey, NE USA High Prairie Alberta, W Canada 55°27´N 116°28´W High River Alberta, SW Canada 50°35´N 113°50´W High Rock Lake d North Carolina, SE USA High Springs Florida, SE USA 29°49´N 82°36´W High Veld see Great Karoo High Willhays l SW England, United Kingdom 50°39´N 03°58´W High Wycombe prev. Chepping Wycombe, Chipping Wycombe. SE England, United Kingdom 51°38´N 00°46´W Higos var. El Higo. Veracruz-Llave, E Mexico 21°48´N 98°25´W Higuer, Cap headland NE Spain 43°23´N 01°46´W Higüero, Punta headland W Puerto Rico 18°21´N 67°15´W Higüey var. Salvaleón de Higüey. E Dominican Republic 18°40´N 68°43´W Hihifo k (Matā‘utu) Île Uvea, N Wallis and Futuna Hiiraan off. Gobolka Hiiraan. r region C Somalia Hiiraan, Gobolka see Hiiraan Hiiumaa var. Hiiumaa Maakond. r province W Estonia Hiiumaa Ger. Dagden, Swe. Dagö. island W Estonia Hiiumaa Maakond see Hiiumaa Hijanah see Al Hījānah Híjar Aragón, NE Spain 41°10´N 00°27´W Hikueru atoll Îles Tuamotu, C French Polynesia Hikurangi Northland, North Island, New Zealand 35°37´S 174°16´E Hikurangi l North Island, New Zealand 37°55´S 177°59´E Hikurangi Trench var. Hikurangi Trough. undersea feature SW Pacific Ocean Hikurangi Trough see Hikurangi Trench Hikutavake NW Niue

121 Q12 Hilāl, Ra’s al headland N Libya 32°55´N 22°09´E 61 A24 Hilario Ascasubi Buenos Aires, E Argentina 39°22´S 62°39´W

101 K17 Hildburghausen Thüringen, C Germany 50°26´N 10°44´E 101 E15 Hilden NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 51°12´N 06°56´E

100 I13 Hildesheim Niedersachsen, N Germany 52°09´N 09°57´E 33 T9 Hilger Montana, NW USA 47°15´N 109°18´W

153 S13 Hili var. Hilli. Rajshahi, NW Bangladesh 25°16´N 89°04´E

Hilla see Al Ḩillah 45 O14 Hillaby, Mount l N Barbados 13°12´N 59°34´W Ḩillah, Al see Bābil 95 K19 Hillared Västra Götaland, S Sweden 57°37´N 13°10´E 195 R12 Hillary Coast physical region Antarctica 42 G2 Hill Bank Orange Walk, N Belize 17°36´N 88°43´W 33 O14 Hill City Idaho, NW USA 26 K3 29 V5 28 J10 65 C24 98 H10 95 J22 36 M7 29 R11 30 L14 27 N5 27 X5 19 N10 37 Q14 29 R4 31 R14 32 G11 25 T8 30 K8 23 Y14 45 Y15 97 G15 21 U9 31 Q10 183 O8 21 R7 96 L2

38 H11 18 F9 14 C10

43°18´N 115°03´W Hill City Kansas, C USA 39°23´N 99°51´W Hill City Minnesota, N USA 46°59´N 93°36´W Hill City South Dakota, N USA 43°54´N 103°33´W Hill Cove Settlement West Falkland, Falkland Islands Hillegom Zuid-Holland, W Netherlands 52°18´N 04°35´E Hillerød Hovedstaden, E Denmark 55°56´N 12°19´E Hillers, Mount l Utah, W USA 37°53´N 110°42´W Hilli see Hili Hills Minnesota, N USA 43°31´N 96°21´W Hillsboro Illinois, N USA 39°09´N 89°29´W Hillsboro Kansas, C USA 38°21´N 97°12´W Hillsboro Missouri, C USA 38°13´N 90°33´W Hillsboro New Hampshire, NE USA 43°06´N 71°52´W Hillsboro New Mexico, SW USA 32°55´N 107°33´W Hillsboro North Dakota, N USA 47°25´N 97°03´W Hillsboro Ohio, N USA 39°12´N 83°36´W Hillsboro Oregon, NW USA 45°32´N 122°59´W Hillsboro Texas, SW USA 32°01´N 97°08´W Hillsboro Wisconsin, N USA 43°40´N 90°21´W Hillsboro Canal canal Florida, SE USA Hillsborough Carriacou, N Grenada 12°28´N 61°28´W Hillsborough E Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 54°27´N 06°06´W Hillsborough North Carolina, SE USA 36°04´N 79°06´W Hillsdale Michigan, N USA 41°55´N 84°37´W Hillston New South Wales, SE Australia 33°30´S 145°33´E Hillsville Virginia, NE USA 36°46´N 80°44´W Hillswick NE Scotland, United Kingdom 60°28´N 01°37´W Hill Tippera see Tripura Hilo Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 19°42´N 155°04´W Hilton New York, NE USA 43°17´N 77°47´W Hilton Beach Ontario, S Canada 46°14´N 83°51´W

21 R16 Hilton Head Island South Carolina, SE USA

Hinckley Reservoir d New York, NE USA 152 I12 Hindaun Rājasthān, N India 18 J9

26°44´N 77°02´E

Hindenburg/Hindenburg in Oberschlesien see Zabrze Hindiya see Al Hindīyah 21 O6 Hindman Kentucky, S USA 37°20´N 82°58´W

182 L10 Hindmarsh, Lake c Victoria, SE Australia 185 G19 Hinds Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand 44°01´S 171°33´E

185 G19 Hinds j South Island, New Zealand 95 H23 Hindsholm island C Denmark 149 S4 Hindu Kush Per. Hendū Kosh. m Afghanistan/ Pakistan 155 H19 Hindupur Andhra Pradesh, E India 13°46´N 77°33´E 11 O12 Hines Creek Alberta, W Canada 56°14´N 118°36´W 31°51´N 81°36´W

154 I12 Hinganghāt Mahārāshtra, C India 20°32´N 78°52´E 149 N15 Hingol j SW Pakistan 154 H13 Hingoli Mahārāshtra, C India 19°45´N 77°08´E 137 R13 Hınıs Erzurum, E Turkey 39°22´N 41°44´E 92 O2 Hinlopenstretet strait N Svalbard 92 G10 Hinnøya Lapp. Iinnasuolu. island C Norway

108 H10 Hinterrhein j SW Switzerland 166 L8 Hinthada var. Henzada. Ayeyawady, SW Myanmar (Burma) 17°36´N 95°26´E 11 O14 Hinton Alberta, SW Canada

152 M9 171 P6 93 K15

113 L23 138 M2 154 D9 109 Y4 164 I13 164 E14 164 L13 109 S9 138 I5 138 K6 138 I5 171 R7 117 N10 44 M9 181 X5 39 S12 97 M19 29 V7 36 K5

Country Country Capital

95 L18 Hjo Västra Götaland, S Sweden 58°18´N 14°17´E 95 G19 Hjørring Nordjylland, N Denmark 57°28´N 09°59´E 167 O1 Hkakabo Razi l Myanmar (Burma)/China

39 R7

62°13´N 09°37´E

166 M2 167 N1 83 L21

111 F17

117 S6 111 H20

83 J23 111 I17

53°24´N 117°35´W

26 M10 Hinton Oklahoma, C USA 21 R6 41 N8

164 B13 164 B13 165 P16 154 M11

165 Q16

164 G12 136 I13 155 G18 148 K10

165 T5 165 Q7 164 G13 164 F13

32°13´N 80°45´W

Himalaya/Himalaya Shan see Himalayas Himalayas var. Himalaya, Chin. Himalaya Shan. m S Asia Himamaylan Negros, C Philippines 10°04´N 122°52´E Himanka PohjoisPohjanmaa, W Finland 64°04´N 23°40´E Himara see Himarë Himarë var. Himara. Vlorë, S Albania 40°06´N 19°45´E Ḩimār, Wādī al dry watercourse N Syria Himatnagar Gujarāt, W India 23°38´N 73°02´E Himberg Niederösterreich, E Austria 48°05´N 16°27´E Himeji var. Himezi. Hyōgo, Honshū, SW Japan 34°47´N 134°32´E Hime-jima island SW Japan Himezi see Himeji Himi Toyama, Honshū, SW Japan 36°54´N 136°59´E Himmelberg Kärnten, S Austria 46°45´N 14°01´E Ḩimş var. Homs; anc. Emesa. Ḩimş, C Syria 34°44´N 36°43´E Ḩimş off. Muḩāfazat Hims, var. Homs. r governorate C Syria Ḩimş, Buḩayrat var. Buhayrat Qattinah. c W Syria Hinatuan Mindanao, S Philippines 08°21´N 126°19´E Hînceşti var. Hâncești; prev. Kotovsk. C Moldova 46°48´N 28°33´E Hinche C Haiti 19°07´N 72°00´W Hinchinbrook Island island Queensland, NE Australia Hinchinbrook Island island Alaska, USA Hinckley C England, United Kingdom 52°33´N 01°21´W Hinckley Minnesota, N USA 46°01´N 92°57´W Hinckley Utah, W USA 39°21´N 112°39´W

74 J6

23 W6 Hinesville Georgia, SE USA

21 R16 Hilton Head Island island South Carolina, SE USA 99 J15 Hilvarenbeek NoordBrabant, S Netherlands 51°29´N 05°08´E 98 J11 Hilversum Noord-Holland, C Netherlands 52°14´N 05°10´E 75 W8 Hilwān var. Helwân, Hilwân, Hulwan, Hulwân. N Egypt 29°51´N 31°20´E Hilwân see Hilwān 152 J7 Himāchal Pradesh r state NW India

95 H20 Hjallerup Nordjylland, N Denmark 57°10´N 10°10´E 95 M16 Hjälmaren Eng. Lake Hjalmar. c C Sweden Hjalmar, Lake see Hjälmaren 95 C14 Hjellestad Hordaland, S Norway 60°15´N 05°13´E 95 D16 Hjelmeland Rogaland, S Norway 59°12´N 06°07´E 94 G10 Hjerkinn Oppland, S Norway

103 Q3 95 G19 152 H10 114 I10 162 K7 186 E9 147 P13

44 M7 64 F11

139 R7 165 P14 165 P12 165 P12 97 O21 191 Q7 164 D15

94 F7 187 Q11 165 O11 191 X7 20 M10 20 M10

35°28´N 98°21´W Hinton West Virginia, NE USA 37°42´N 80°54´W Hios see Chíos Hipólito Coahuila, NE Mexico 25°42´N 101°22´W Hipponium see Vibo Valentia Hirado Nagasaki, Hirado-shima, SW Japan 33°22´N 129°31´E Hirado-shima island SW Japan Hirakubo-saki headland Ishigaki-jima, SW Japan 24°36´N 124°19´E Hīrākud Reservoir d E India Hir al Gharbi, Qasr al see Ḩayr al Gharbī, Qaşr al Hirara Okinawa, Miyako-jima, SW Japan 24°48´N 125°17´E Hir Ash Sharqī, Qasr al see Ḩayr ash Sharqī, Qaşr al Hirata Shimane, Honshū, SW Japan 35°25´N 132°45´E Hirfanlı Barajı d C Turkey Hiriyūr Karnātaka, W India 13°58´N 76°33´E Hîrlău see Hârlău Hīrmand, Rūd-e var. Daryā-ye Helmand. j Afghanistan/Iran see also Helmand, Daryā-ye Hīrmand, Rūd-e see Helmand, Daryā-ye Hirmil see Hermel Hiroo Hokkaidō, NE Japan 42°16´N 143°16´E Hirosaki Aomori, Honshū, C Japan 40°34´N 140°28´E Hiroshima var. Hirosima. Hiroshima, Honshū, SW Japan 34°23´N 132°26´E Hiroshima off. Hiroshimaken, var. Hirosima. r prefecture Honshū, SW Japan Hiroshima-ken see Hiroshima Hirosima see Hiroshima Hirschberg/Hirschberg im Riesengebirge/Hirschberg in Schlesien see Jelenia Góra Hirson Aisne, N France 49°56´N 04°05´E Hîrșova see Hârşova Hirtshals Nordjylland, N Denmark 57°34´N 09°58´E Hisār Haryāna, NW India 29°10´N 75°45´E Hisarya var. Khisarya. Plovdiv, C Bulgaria 42°33´N 24°43´E Hishig Öndör var. Maanĭt. Bulgan, C Mongolia 48°17´N 103°29´E Hisiu Central, SW Papua New Guinea 09°20´S 146°48´E Hisor Rus. Gissar. W Tajikistan 38°34´N 68°29´E Hispalis see Sevilla Hispana/Hispania see Spain Hispaniola island Dominion Republic/Haiti Hispaniola Basin var. Hispaniola Trough. undersea feature SW Atlantic Ocean Hispaniola Trough see Hispaniola Basin Histonium see Vasto Hīt Al Anbār, SW Iraq 33°38´N 42°50´E Hita Ōita, Kyūshū, SW Japan 33°19´N 130°55´E Hitachi var. Hitati. Ibaraki, Honshū, S Japan 36°40´N 140°42´E Hitachiōta Ibaraki, Honshū, S Japan 36°32´N 140°31´E Hitati see Hitachi Hitchin E England, United Kingdom 51°57´N 00°17´W Hitiaa Tahiti, W French Polynesia 17°35´S 149°17´W Hitoyoshi var. Hitoyosi. Kumamoto, Kyūshū, SW Japan 32°12´N 130°48´E Hitoyosi see Hitoyoshi Hitra prev. Hitteren. island S Norway Hitteren see Hitra Hiu island Torres Islands, N Vanuatu Hiuchiga-take l Honshū, C Japan 36°57´N 139°18´E Hiva Oa island Îles Marquises, N French Polynesia Hiwassee Lake d North Carolina, SE USA Hiwassee River j SE USA

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

117 S2 119 K21

119 L18 116 K8

118 K13 77 Q16 167 S6 83 E20 167 T8

28°17´N 97°28´E Hkamti var. Singkaling Hkamti. Sagaing, N Myanmar (Burma) 26°00´N 95°43´E Hkring Bum l N Myanmar (Burma) 27°05´N 97°16´E Hlathikulu var. Hlatikulu. S Swaziland 26°58´S 31°19´E Hlatikulu see Hlathikulu Hliboka see Hlyboka Hlinsko var. Hlinsko v Čechách. Pardubický Kraj, C Czech Republic 49°46´N 15°54´E Hlinsko v Čechách see Hlinsko Hlobyne Rus. Globino. Poltavs’ka Oblast’, NE Ukraine 49°24´N 33°16´E Hlohovec Ger. Freistadtl, Hung. Galgóc; prev. Frakštát. Trnavský Kraj, W Slovakia 48°26´N 17°49´E Hlotse var. Leribe. NW Lesotho 28°55´S 28°01´E Hlučín Ger. Hultschin, Pol. Hulczyn. Moravskoslezský Kraj, E Czech Republic 49°54´N 18°11´E Hlukhiv Rus. Glukhov. Sums’ka Oblast’, NE Ukraine 51°40´N 33°53´E Hlushkavichy Rus. Glushkevichi. Homyel’skaya Voblasts’, SE Belarus 51°34´N 27°47´E Hlusk Rus. Glusk, Glussk. Mahilyowskaya Voblasts’, E Belarus 52°54´N 28°41´E Hlyboka Ger. Hliboka, Rus. Glybokaya. Chernivets’ka Oblast’, W Ukraine 48°04´N 25°56´E Hlybokaye Rus. Glubokoye. Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’, N Belarus 55°08´N 27°41´E Ho SE Ghana 06°36´N 00°28´E Hoa Binh Hoa Binh, N Vietnam 20°49´N 105°20´E Hoachanas Hardap, C Namibia 23°55´S 18°04´E Hoai Nhn see Bông Sn Hoa Lac Quang Binh, C Vietnam 17°54´N 106°24´E

Hoang Liên Sn m N Vietnam Hoang Sa, Quân Ðao see Paracel Islands 83 B17 Hoanib j NW Namibia 33 S15 Hoback Peak l Wyoming, C USA 43°04´N 110°34´W 183 P17 Hobart prev. Hobarton, Hobart Town. state capital Tasmania, SE Australia 167 S5

42°54´S 147°18´E

26 L11 Hobart Oklahoma, C USA 183

37 194 23 54 99 158

35°03´N 99°04´W P17 Hobart k Tasmania, SE Australia 42°52´S 147°28´E Hobarton/Hobart Town see Hobart W14 Hobbs New Mexico, SW USA 32°42´N 103°08´W L12 Hobbs Coast physical region Antarctica Z14 Hobe Sound Florida, SE USA 27°03´N 80°08´W Hobicaurikány see Uricani E12 Hobo Huila, S Colombia 02°34´N 75°28´W G16 Hoboken Antwerpen, N Belgium 51°12´N 04°22´E K3 Hoboksar var. Hoboksar Mongol Zizhixian. Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 46°48´N 85°42´E

Hoboksar Mongol Zizhixian see Hoboksar 95 G21 Hobro Nordjylland, N Denmark 56°39´N 09°51´E 21 X10 Hobucken North Carolina, SE USA 35°15´N 76°31´W 95 O20 Hoburgen headland SE Sweden 56°54´N 18°07´E 81 P15 Hobyo It. Obbia. Mudug, E Somalia 05°16´N 48°24´E 109 R8 Hochalmspitze l SW Austria 47°00´N 13°19´E 109 Q4 Hochburg Oberösterreich, N Austria 48°10´N 12°57´E 108 F8 Hochdorf Luzern, N Switzerland 47°10´N 08°16´E 109 N8 Hochfeiler It. Gran Pilastro. l Austria/Italy 46°59´N 11°42´E

167 T14 Hô Chi Minh var. Ho Chi Minh City; prev. Saigon. S Vietnam 10°46´N 106°43´E Ho Chi Minh City see Hô Chi Minh 108 I7 Höchst Vorarlberg, NW Austria 47°28´N 09°40´E Höchstadt see Höchstadt an der Aisch 101 K19 Höchstadt an der Aisch var. Höchstadt. Bayern, C Germany 49°43´N 10°48´E 108 L9 Hochwilde It. L’Altissima. l Austria/Italy 109 S7

46°45´N 11°00´E

Hochwildstelle l C Austria 47°21´N 13°53´E

31 T14 Hocking River j Ohio, N USA Hoctúm see Hoctún 41 X12 Hoctún var. Hoctúm. Yucatán, E Mexico 20°48´N 89°14´W

Hodeida see Al Ḩudaydah Hodgenville Kentucky, S USA 37°34´N 85°45´W 11 T17 Hodgeville Saskatchewan, S Canada 50°06´N 106°55´W 76 L9 Hodh ech Chargui r region E Mauritania Hodh el Garbi see Hodh el Gharbi 76 J10 Hodh el Gharbi var. Hodh el Garbi. r region S Mauritania 111 L25 Hódmezővásárhely Csongrád, SE Hungary 20 K6

46°27´N 20°18´E

Administrative Regions International Airport

Hodna, Chott El var. Chott el-Hodna, Ar. Shatt al-Hodna. salt lake N Algeria Hodna, Chott el-/Hodna, Shatt al- see Hodna, Chott El 111 G19 Hodonín Ger. Göding. Jihomoravský Kraj, SE Czech Republic

99 H19 98 F12

98 L11 99 L18 163 Y11 99 K18 98 K11 101 M18

48°52´N 17°07´E Hödrögö see Nömrög Hodság/Hodschag see Odžaci Hodzana River j Alaska, USA Hoei see Huy Hoeilaart Vlaams Brabant, C Belgium 50°46´N 04°28´E Hoë Karoo see Great Karoo Hoek van Holland Eng. Hook of Holland. ZuidHolland, W Netherlands 52°00´N 04°07´E Hoenderloo Gelderland, E Netherlands 52°08´N 05°46´E Hoensbroek Limburg, SE Netherlands 50°55´N 05°55´E Hoeryŏng NE North Korea 42°23´N 129°46´E Hoeselt Limburg, NE Belgium 50°50´N 05°30´E Hoevelaken Gelderland, C Netherlands 52°10´N 05°27´E Hoey see Huy Hof Bayern, SE Germany 50°19´N 11°55´E Höfdhakaupstadhur see Skagaströnd Hofei see Hefei

101 G18 Hofheim am Taunus Hessen, W Germany

81 K19 Hola Tana River, SE Kenya

37 W3 Holyoke Colorado, C USA

117 R11 Hola Prystan’ Rus. Golaya Pristan. Khersons’ka Oblast’, S Ukraine 46°31´N 32°31´E 95 I23 Holbæk Sjælland, E Denmark

18 M11 Holyoke Massachusetts, NE USA 42°12´N 72°37´W 101 I14 Holzminden Niedersachsen, C Germany 51°49´N 09°27´E 81 G19 Homa Bay Homa Bay, W Kenya 0°31´S 34°30´E 81 G19 Homa Bay r county W Kenya Homāyūnshahr see Khomeynīshahr 77 P11 Hombori Mopti, S Mali

01°06´S 40°01´E

55°42´N 11°42´E

Holboo see Santmargats 183 P10 Holbrook New South Wales, SE Australia 35°45´S 147°18´E

37 N11 Holbrook Arizona, SW USA

Holden Missouri, C USA

36 K5

Holden Utah, W USA

Höfuðborgarsvæðið SW Iceland Hofuf see Al Hufūf 95 J22 Höganäs Skåne, S Sweden 92 I4

35 X3

45 N14 31 Q12 44 I7 23 V12 39 O12

109 X3 36 11 31 25

41°40´N 103°44´W

60°19´N 09°27´E Högfors see Karkkila 31 P5 Hog Island island Michigan, N USA 21 Y6 Hog Island island Virginia, NE USA Hogoley Islands see Chuuk Islands 95 N20 Högsby Kalmar, S Sweden 57°10´N 16°03´E 36 K1 Hogup Mountains m Utah, W USA 101 E17 Hohe Acht l W Germany 50°23´N 07°00´E Hohenelbe see Vrchlabí 108 I7 Hohenems Vorarlberg, W Austria 47°23´N 09°43´E Hohenmauth see Vysoké Mýto Hohensalza see Inowrocław Hohenstadt see Zábřeh

Hohenstein in Ostpreussen see Olsztynek Hohenwald Tennessee, S USA 35°33´N 87°31´W 101 L17 Hohenwarte-Stausee d C Germany Hohes Venn see Hautes Fagnes 109 Q8 Hohe Tauern m W Austria 163 O13 Hohhot var. Huhehot, Huhohaote, Mong. Kukukhoto; prev. Kweisui, Kwesui. Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China 40°49´N 111°37´E 162 F7 Hohmorĭt var. Sayn-Ust. Govĭ-Altay, W Mongolia 20 I9

47°23´N 94°19´E

103 U6 Hohneck l NE France

164 E12 159 159 158 167

O11 N11 L11 U10

159 S11 81 F17 26 L5 146 D12

146 M13

95 H23 95 F24 164 E14 184 J3 185 F17 165 U4 165 T3 95 G15 143 S4

48°04´N 07°01´E Hohoe E Ghana 07°08´N 00°32´E Hōhoku Yamaguchi, Honshū, SW Japan 34°15´N 130°56´E Hoh Sai Hu c C China Hoh Xil Hu c C China Hoh Xil Shan m W China Hôi An prev. Faifo. Quang Nam-Ða Năng, C Vietnam 15°54´N 108°19´E Hoï-Hao/Hoihow see Haikou Hoika prev. Heka. Qinghai, W China 35°49´N 99°50´E Hoima W Uganda 01°25´N 31°22´E Hoisington Kansas, C USA 38°31´N 98°46´W Hojagala Rus. Khodzhakala. Balkan Welaýaty, W Turkmenistan 38°46´N 56°14´E Hojambaz Rus. Khodzhambas. Lebap Welaýaty, E Turkmenistan 38°11´N 64°33´E Højby Syddtjylland, C Denmark 55°20´N 10°27´E Højer Syddanmark, SW Denmark 54°57´N 08°43´E Hōjō var. Hôzyô. Ehime, Shikoku, SW Japan 33°58´N 132°47´E Hokianga Harbour inlet SE Tasman Sea Hokitika West Coast, South Island, New Zealand 42°44´S 170°58´E Hokkai-dō r territory Hokkaidō, NE Japan Hokkaidō prev. Ezo, Yeso, Yezo. island NE Japan Hokksund Buskerud, S Norway 59°45´N 09°55´E Hokmābād Khorāsān-e Raẕavī, N Iran 36°37´N 57°34´E Hokō see Pohang

Hoko-guntō/Hoko-shotō see Penghu Liedao Hoktemberyan see Armavir 94 F13 Hol Buskerud, S Norway 60°36´N 08°18´E

Mountain Mountain Range

25 18 21

95 G14 Høgevarde l S Norway

77 Q16

99

33°10´N 84°55´W

Hogatza River j Alaska, USA 28 I14 Hogback Mountain l Nebraska, C USA

40°28´N 99°28´W

Hole in the Mountain Peak l Nevada, W USA

40°54´N 115°06´W

56°11´N 12°39´E

39 P8

39°06´N 112°16´W

155 G20 Hole Narsipur Karnātaka, W India 12°46´N 76°14´E 111 H18 Holešov Ger. Holleschau. Zlínský Kraj, E Czech Republic

22

183 P14 Hogan Group island group Tasmania, SE Australia 23 R4 Hogansville Georgia, SE USA

38°42´N 93°59´W

27 O11 Holdenville Oklahoma, C USA 35°05´N 96°25´W 29 O16 Holdrege Nebraska, C USA

94 J13

50°04´N 08°27´E Hofmarkt see Odorheiu Secuiesc 92 L3 Höfn Austurland, SE Iceland 64°14´N 15°17´W 94 N13 Hofors Gävleborg, C Sweden 60°33´N 16°21´E 92 J6 Hofsjökull glacier C Iceland 92 J1 Hofsós Norðurland Vestra, N Iceland 65°54´N 19°25´W 164 E13 Hōfu Yamaguchi, Honshū, SW Japan 34°01´N 131°34´E

34°54´N 110°09´W

27 S5

26 35 27 93 98 95

37 31 21 21 22 23 8 92 30 23 95 93 95 93 95 138

163 117

95 95 29

49°20´N 17°35´E Holetown prev. Jamestown. W Barbados 13°11´N 59°38´W Holgate Ohio, N USA 41°12´N 84°06´W Holguín Holguín, SE Cuba 20°51´N 76°16´W Holiday Florida, SE USA 28°11´N 82°44´W Holitna River j Alaska, USA Höljes Värmland, C Sweden 60°54´N 12°34´E

Hollabrunn

Niederösterreich, NE Austria 48°33´N 16°06´E L3 Holladay Utah, W USA 40°39´N 111°49´W X16 Holland Manitoba, S Canada 49°36´N 98°52´W O9 Holland Michigan, N USA 42°47´N 86°06´W T9 Holland Texas, SW USA 30°52´N 97°24´W Holland see Netherlands K4 Hollandale Mississippi, S USA 33°10´N 90°51´W Hollandia see Jayapura Hollandsch Diep see Hollands Diep H14 Hollands Diep var. Hollandsch Diep. channel SW Netherlands Holleschau see Holešov R5 Holliday Texas, SW USA 33°49´N 98°41´W E15 Hollidaysburg Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°24´N 78°22´W S6 Hollins Virginia, NE USA 37°20´N 79°56´W J12 Hollis Oklahoma, C USA 34°42´N 99°56´W O10 Hollister California, W USA 36°51´N 121°25´W T8 Hollister Missouri, C USA 36°37´N 93°13´W M19 Hollola Päijät-Häme, S Finland 61°N 25°32´E K4 Hollum Fryslân, N Netherlands 53°27´N 05°38´E J23 Höllviken prev. Höllviksnäs. Skåne, S Sweden 55°25´N 12°57´E Höllviksnäs see Höllviken W6 Holly Colorado, C USA 38°03´N 102°07´W R9 Holly Michigan, N USA 42°47´N 83°37´W S14 Holly Hill South Carolina, SE USA 33°19´N 80°24´W W11 Holly Ridge North Carolina, SE USA 34°31´N 77°31´W L1 Holly Springs Mississippi, S USA 34°47´N 89°25´W Z15 Hollywood Florida, SE USA 26°00´N 80°09´W J6 Holman Victoria Island, Northwest Territories, N Canada 70°42´N 117°45´W I2 Hólmavík Vestfirðir, NW Iceland 65°42´N 21°43´W J7 Holmen Wisconsin, N USA 43°57´N 91°14´W R8 Holmes Creek j Alabama/ Florida, SE USA H16 Holmestrand Vestfold, S Norway 59°29´N 10°20´E J16 Holmön island N Sweden E22 Holmsland Klit beach W Denmark J16 Holmsund Västerbotten, N Sweden 63°42´N 20°26´E Q18 Holmudden headland SE Sweden 57°59´N 19°14´E F10 Holon var. Kholon; prev. olon. Tel Aviv, C Israel 32°01´N 34°46´E olon see Holon P7 Hölönbuyr var. Bayan. Dornod, E Mongolia 47°56´N 112°58´E P8 Holovanivs’k Rus. Golovanevsk. Kirovohrads’ka Oblast’, C Ukraine 48°21´N 30°26´E F21 Holstebro Midtjylland, W Denmark 56°22´N 08°38´E F23 Holsted Syddtjylland, W Denmark 55°30´N 08°54´E T13 Holstein Iowa, C USA 42°29´N 95°32´W

Holsteinborg/ Holsteinsborg/ Holstenborg/Holstensborg see Sisimiut 21 O8 Holston River j Tennessee, S USA 31 Q9 Holt Michigan, N USA 42°38´N 84°31´W

40°31´N 102°18´W

15°13´N 01°39´W

101 E20 Homburg Saarland, SW Germany 9

R5

39 Q13 22 H4 18 H10 23 V7 23 Y16 27 O9 94 H8

95 C16 Hommersåk Rogaland, S Norway 58°55´N 05°51´E

155 H15 Homnābād Karnātaka, C India 17°46´N 77°08´E 22 J7 Homochitto River j Mississippi, S USA 83 N20 Homoíne Inhambane, SE Mozambique 23°51´S 35°04´E

112 O12 Homoljske Planine m E Serbia Homonna see Humenné Homs see Al Khums, Libya Homs see Ḩimş 119 P19 Homyel’ Rus. Gomel’. Homyel’skaya Voblasts’, SE Belarus 52°25´N 31°E 118 L12 Homyel’ Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’, N Belarus 55°20´N 28°52´E

119 L19 Homyel’skaya Voblasts’ Rus. Gomel’skaya Oblast’. r province SE Belarus Honan see Henan, China Honan see Luoyang, China 164 U4 Honbetsu Hokkaidō, NE Japan 43°09´N 143°46´E Honctő see Gurahon 54 E9 Honda Tolima, C Colombia 05°12´N 74°45´W

83 D24 Hondeklip Afr. Hondeklipbaai. Northern Cape, W South Africa

11 Q13 25 Q12 42 G1 42 G6

42 H4

11 V12 21 P12 95 H14 31 S12 25 V5 35 Q4 102 L4 161 O8

161 O15

161 O7 161 N9 160 L11 161 O15

160 L4 160 L4 159 P8

159 P7

98 N10 Holten Overijssel, E Netherlands 52°16´N 06°25´E 27 P3 Holton Kansas, C USA

161 S8

27 U5 Holts Summit Missouri, C USA 38°38´N 92°07´W 35 X17 Holtville California, W USA

160 K14 160 M5

39°27´N 95°44´W

32°48´N 115°22´W 98 L5 Holwerd Fris. Holwert. Fryslân, N Netherlands 53°22´N 05°51´E Holwert see Holwerd 39 O11 Holy Cross Alaska, USA 62°12´N 159°46´W

37 R4

Holy Cross, Mount Of The l Colorado, C USA

164 J15

15 Y5

39°28´N 106°28´W

97 I18 Holyhead Wel. Caer Gybi. NW Wales, United Kingdom 53°19´N 04°38´W

97 H18 Holy Island island NW Wales, United Kingdom 96 L12 Holy Island island NE England, United Kingdom

Volcano River

Lake Reservoir

49°20´N 07°20´E Home Bay bay Baffin Bay, Nunavut, NE Canada Homenau see Humenné Homer Alaska, USA 59°38´N 151°33´W Homer Louisiana, S USA 32°47´N 93°03´W Homer New York, NE USA 42°38´N 76°10´W Homerville Georgia, SE USA 31°02´N 82°45´W Homestead Florida, SE USA 25°28´N 80°28´W Hominy Oklahoma, C USA 36°24´N 96°24´W Hommelvik SørTrøndelag, S Norway 63°24´N 10°48´E

159 S8

30°15´S 17°17´E Hondeklipbaai see Hondeklip Hondo Alberta, W Canada 54°43´N 113°14´W Hondo Texas, SW USA 29°21´N 99°09´W Hondo j Central America Hondo see Honshū Hondo see Amakusa Honduras off. Republic of Honduras. b republic Central America Honduras, Golfo de see Honduras, Gulf of Honduras, Gulf of Sp. Golfo de Honduras. gulf W Caribbean Sea Honduras, Republic of see Honduras Hone Manitoba, C Canada 56°13´N 101°12´W Honea Path South Carolina, SE USA 34°27´N 82°23´W Hønefoss Buskerud, S Norway 60°10´N 10°15´E Honey Creek j Ohio, N USA Honey Grove Texas, SW USA 33°34´N 95°54´W Honey Lake c California, W USA Honfleur Calvados, N France 49°25´N 00°14´E Hon Gai see Ha Long Hong’an prev. Huang’an. Hubei, C China 31°20´N 114°43´E Hongay see Ha Long Hông Gai see Ha Long Honghai Wan bay N South China Sea Hông Hà, Sông see Red River Hong He j C China Hong Hu c C China Hongjiang Hunan, S China 27°09´N 109°58´E Hongjiang see Wangcang Hong Kong off. Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, var. Hong Kong S.A.R., Chin. Xianggang Tebie Xingzhengqu. S China 22°17´N 114°09´E Hong Kong S.A.R. see Hong Kong Hong Kong Special Administrative Region see Hong Kong Hongliu He j C China Hongliu He j C China Hongliuwan var. Aksay, Aksay Kazakzu Zizhixian. Gansu, N China 39°25´N 94°09´E Hongliuyuan Gansu, N China 41°02´N 95°24´E Hongor see Delgereh Hongqiao k (Shanghai) Shanghai Shi, E China 31°28´N 121°08´E Hongshui He j S China Hongtong var. Dahuaishu. Shanxi, C China 36°30´N 111°42´E Hongū Wakayama, Honshū, SW Japan 33°50´N 135°42´E Honguedo, Détroit d’ see Honguedo Passage Honguedo Passage var. Honguedo Strait, Fr. Détroit d’Honguedo. strait Québec, E Canada Honguedo Strait see Honguedo Passage Hongwan see Hongwansi Hongwansi var. Sunan, Sunan Yugurzu Zizhixian; prev. Hongwan. Gansu, N China 38°55´N 99°29´E

Hongwŏn – Huixtla 163 X13 Hongwŏn E North Korea 40°03´N 127°54´E

160 H7 Hongyuan var. Qiongxi; prev. Hurama. Sichuan, C China 32°49´N 102°40´E 161 Q7 Hongze Hu var. Hung-tse Hu. c E China 186 L9 Honiara a (Solomon Islands) Guadalcanal, C Solomon Islands 09°27´S 159°56´E 165 P8 Honjō var. Honzyô, Yurihonjō. Akita, Honshū, C Japan 39°23´N 140°03´E 93 K18 Honkajoki Satakunta, SW Finland 62°00´N 22°15´E 92 K7 Honningsvåg Finnmark, N Norway 70°58´N 25°59´E 95 I19 Hönö Västra Götaland, S Sweden 57°42´N 11°39´E 38 G11 Honoka‘a Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 38 G11

38 D9 38 H11 105 P10 164 M12

8

K8

32 H11 32 H11 98 H10 99 G15 98 N8

20°04´N 155°27´W Honoka‘a var. Honokaa. Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 20°04´N 155°27´W Honokaa see Honoka‘a Honolulu state capital O‘ahu, Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 21°18´N 157°52´W Honomú var. Honomu. Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 19°51´N 155°06´W Honrubia CastillaLa Mancha, C Spain 39°36´N 02°17´W Honshū var. Hondo, Honsyû. island SW Japan Honsyû see Honshū Honte see Westerschelde Honzyô see Honjō Hood j Nunavut, NW Canada Hood Island see Española, Isla Hood, Mount l  Oregon, NW USA 45°22´N 121°41´W Hood River Oregon, NW USA 45°44´N 121°31´W Hoofddorp Noord-Holland, W Netherlands 52°18´N 04°41´E Hoogerheide NoordBrabant, S Netherlands 51°25´N 04°19´E Hoogeveen Drenthe, NE Netherlands 52°44´N 06°30´E

43 P16 Horconcitos Chiriquí, W Panama 08°20´N 82°10´W 95 C14 Hordaland r county S Norway 116 H13 Horezu Vâlcea, SW Romania 108 G7

163 O13

11 U17 192 K9 192 L10 95 L14 119 O15

195 O10 Horlick Mountains m Antarctica 117 X7 Horlivka Rom. Adâncata, Rus. Gorlovka. Donets’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine

26 I8

8

148 L15

8

J9 I6

92 H13 65 C24

97

39 38 31 95 98 18 35

137 18 10 39 27 31 29 13

180 41 21 183 92 197 12 182 83 21

93 I16 18 F11

51°51´N 04°23´E

Hooker Oklahoma, C USA

36°51´N 101°12´W E21 Hook Head Ir. Rinn Duáin. headland SE Ireland 52°07´N 06°55´W Hook of Holland see Hoek van Holland Hoolt see Tögrög W13 Hoonah Chichagof Island, Alaska, USA 58°05´N 135°21´W L11 Hooper Bay Alaska, USA 61°31´N 166°06´W N13 Hoopeston Illinois, N USA 40°28´N 87°40´W K22 Höör Skåne, S Sweden 55°55´N 13°33´E I9 Hoorn Noord-Holland, NW Netherlands 52°38´N 05°04´E L10 Hoosic River j New York, NE USA Hoosier State see Indiana Y11 Hoover Dam dam Arizona/ Nevada, W USA Höövör see Baruunbayan-Ulaan Q11 Hopa Artvin, NE Turkey 41°23´N 41°28´E J14 Hopatcong New Jersey, NE USA 40°55´N 74°39´W M17 Hope British Columbia, SW Canada 49°21´N 121°28´W R12 Hope Alaska, USA 60°55´N 149°38´W T14 Hope Arkansas, C USA 33°40´N 93°36´W P14 Hope Indiana, N USA 39°18´N 85°46´W Q5 Hope North Dakota, N USA 47°18´N 97°42´W Q7 Hopedale Newfoundland and Labrador, NE Canada 55°26´N 60°14´W Hopeh/Hopei see Hebei K13 Hope, Lake salt lake Western Australia X13 Hopelchén Campeche, SE Mexico 19°46´N 89°50´W U11 Hope Mills North Carolina, SE USA 34°58´N 78°57´W O7 Hope, Mount New South Wales, SE Australia 32°49´S 145°55´E P4 Hopen island SE Svalbard Q4 Hope, Point headland Alaska, USA M3 Hopes Advance, Cap cape Québec, NE Canada L10 Hopetoun Victoria, SE Australia 35°46´S 142°23´E H23 Hopetown Northern Cape, W South Africa 29°37´S 24°05´E W6 Hopewell Virginia, NE USA 37°16´N 77°15´W

109 O7 Hopfgarten im Brixental Tirol, W Austria 47°28´N 12°14´E

181 N8 Hopkins Lake salt lake Western Australia 182 M12 Hopkins River j Victoria, SE Australia 20 I7 Hopkinsville Kentucky, S USA 36°50´N 87°30´W 34 M6 Hopland California, W USA 38°58´N 123°09´W

95 G24 Hoptrup Syddanmark, SW Denmark 55°09´N 09°27´E Hoqin Zuoyi Zhongji see Baokang 32 F9 Hoquiam Washington, NW USA 46°58´N 123°53´W 29 R6 Horace North Dakota, N USA 46°44´N 96°54´W

117 T14 Hora Roman-Kosh l S Ukraine 44°37´N 34°13´E 137 R12 Horasan Erzurum, NE Turkey 40°03´N 42°10´E 101 G22 Horb am Neckar BadenWürttemberg, S Germany 48°27´N 08°42´E

95 K23 Hörby Skåne, S Sweden 55°51´N 13°42´E

14 E7 116 K4

95 N14

53°13´N 06°30´E

I7

95 L22

30°00´N 60°50´E

52°42´N 04°59´E

98 G13 Hoogvliet ZuidHolland, SW Netherlands

8

143 R13 Hormozgān off. Ostān-e Hormozgān. r province S Iran Hormozgān, Ostān-e see Hormozgān Hormoz, Tangeh-ye see Hormuz, Strait of 141 W6 Hormuz, Strait of var. Strait of Ormuz, Per. Tangeh-ye Hormoz. strait Iran/Oman 109 W2 Horn Niederösterreich, NE Austria 48°40´N 15°40´E 95 M18 Horn Östergötland, S Sweden

97 O18

98 N5 Hoogkerk Groningen, NE Netherlands

111 M23 Hortobágy-Berettyó j E Hungary 27 Q3 Horton Kansas, C USA

48°19´N 38°04´E

53°10´N 06°47´E

Hoogkarspel NoordHolland, NW Netherlands

51°30´N 06°05´E 64 N2 Horta Faial, Azores, Portugal, NE Atlantic Ocean 38°32´N 28°39´W 105 S12 Horta, Cap de l’ Cast. Cabo Huertas. headland SE Spain 38°21´N 00°25´W 95 H16 Horten Vestfold, S Norway 59°25´N 10°25´E

95 I23

143 V11 Ḩormak Sīstān va Balūchestān, SE Iran

98 O6 Hoogezand-Sappemeer Groningen, NE Netherlands 98 J8

45°06´N 24°00´E Horgen Zürich, N Switzerland 47°16´N 08°36´E Horgo see Tariat Hōrin see Fenglin Horinger Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China 40°23´N 111°48´E Horiult see Bogd Horizon Saskatchewan, S Canada 49°33´N 105°05´W Horizon Bank undersea feature S Pacific Ocean Horizon Deep undersea feature W Pacific Ocean Hörken Örebro, S Sweden 60°03´N 14°55´E Horki Rus. Gorki. Mahilyowskaya Voblasts’, E Belarus 54°18´N 31°E

36 L13 Horseshoe Reservoir d Arizona, SW USA 64 M9 Horseshoe Seamounts undersea feature E Atlantic Ocean 36°30´N 15°00´W 182 L11 Horsham Victoria, SE Australia 36°44´S 142°13´E 97 O23 Horsham SE England, United Kingdom 51°01´N 00°21´W 99 M15 Horst Limburg, SE Netherlands

12 F12

57°54´N 15°49´E Horn j Northwest Territories, NW Canada Hornád see Hernád Hornaday j Northwest Territories, NW Canada Hornavan c N Sweden Hornby Mountains hill range West Falkland, Falkland Islands Horn, Cape see Hornos, Cabo de Horncastle E England, United Kingdom 53°12´N 00°07´W Horndal Dalarna, C Sweden 60°16´N 16°25´E Hörnefors Västerbotten, N Sweden 63°37´N 19°54´E Hornell New York, NE USA 42°19´N 77°38´W Horné Nové Mesto see Kysucké Nové Mesto Hornepayne Ontario, S Canada 49°14´N 84°48´W

81 I14

101 H18

169 T9

154 H10 116 L4 152 I7 99 M23 186 G7 155 G17 104 K4

92 N13

94 D10 Hornindalsvatnet c S Norway 101 G22 Hornisgrinde l SW Germany 48°37´N 08°13´E

22 M9 Horn Island island Mississippi, S USA Hornja Łužica see Oberlausitz 63 J26 Hornos, Cabo de Eng. Cape Horn. headland S Chile 55°52´S 67°00´W

117 S10 Hornostayivka Khersons’ka Oblast’, S Ukraine 183 T9 97 O16 94 O11 95 H22 92 O4

117 Q2 116 K6 116 H5

117 Q6

165 T3 116 J4

165 T4

111 C17

62 O5 55 O12 95 J20 151 J19 20 K7 37 V6 27 S6 18 G11 37 P13 95 G22

47°00´N 33°42´E Hornsby New South Wales, SE Australia 33°44´S 151°08´E Hornsea E England, United Kingdom 53°54´N 00°10´W Hornslandet peninsula C Sweden Hornslet Midtjylland, C Denmark 56°19´N 10°20´E Hornsundtind l S Svalbard 76°54´N 16°07´E Horochów see Horokhiv Horodenka see Gorodenka Horodnya Rus. Gorodnya. Chernihivs’ka Oblast’, NE Ukraine 51°54´N 31°30´E Horodok Khmel’nyts’ka Oblast’, W Ukraine 49°10´N 26°34´E Horodok Pol. Gródek Jagielloński, Rus. Gorodok, Gorodok Yagellonski. L’vivs’ka Oblast’, NW Ukraine 49°48´N 23°39´E Horodyshche Rus. Gorodishche. Cherkas’ka Oblast’, C Ukraine 49°19´N 31°27´E Horokanai Hokkaidō, NE Japan 44°02´N 142°08´E Horokhiv Pol. Horochów, Rus. Gorokhov. Volyns’ka Oblast’, NW Ukraine 50°31´N 24°50´E Horoshiri-dake var. Horosiri Dake. l Hokkaidō, N Japan 42°43´N 142°41´E Horosiri Dake see Horoshiri-dake Hořovice Ger. Horowitz. Střední Čechy, W Czech Republic 49°49´N 13°53´E Horowitz see Hořovice Horqin Zuoyi Houqi see Ganjig Horqin Zuoyi Zhongqi see Bayan Huxu Horqueta Concepción, C Paraguay 23°24´S 56°53´W Horqueta Minas Amazonas, S Venezuela 02°20´N 63°32´W Horred Västra Götaland, S Sweden 57°22´N 12°25´E Horsburgh Atoll var. Goidhoo Atoll. atoll N Maldives Horse Cave Kentucky, S USA 37°10´N 85°54´W Horse Creek j Colorado, C USA Horse Creek j Missouri, C USA Horseheads New York, NE USA 42°10´N 76°49´W Horse Mount l New Mexico, SW USA 33°58´N 108°10´W Horsens Syddanmark, C Denmark 55°53´N 09°53´E

65 F25 Horse Pasture Point headland W Saint Helena 15°57´S 05°46´W

33 N13 Horseshoe Bend Idaho, NW USA 43°55´N 116°11´W

Country Country Capital

63 I25 117 O4 155 H20 167 N8 158 G10

158 H9 83 G22 37 Q5 35 V7 171 T13

93 H15 162 L14 162 J8 27 T12 28 J11 21 S5 35 Q4 27 T12

65 J16

8

J8

44 K9 99 K21 187 P17 74 K5 167 P6 103 N5 99 F20 102 K14 99 L22 30 M3 31 Q7 31 Q7 19 T3 160 M5

39°39´N 95°31´W Horton j Northwest Territories, NW Canada Hørve Sjælland, E Denmark 55°46´N 11°28´E Hörvik Blekinge, S Sweden 56°01´N 14°45´E orvot aluẕa see Horvot Halutsa Horwood Lake c Ontario, S Canada Horyn’ Rus. Goryn. j NW Ukraine Hosa’ina var. Hosseina, It. Hosanna. Southern Nationalities, S Ethiopia 07°38´N 37°58´E Hosanna see Hosa’ina Hösbach Bayern, C Germany 50°00´N 09°12´E Hose Mountains see Hose, Pegunungan Hose, Pegunungan var. Hose Mountains. m East Malaysia Hoshāb Baluchistān, SW Pakistan 26°01´N 63°51´E Hoshangābād Madhya Pradesh, C India 22°44´N 77°45´E Hoshcha Rivnens’ka Oblast’, NW Ukraine 50°37´N 26°38´E Hoshiārpur Punjab, NW India 31°30´N 75°59´E Höshööt see Öldziyt Hosingen Diekirch, NE Luxembourg 50°01´N 06°05´E Hoskins New Britain, E Papua New Guinea 05°28´S 150°25´E Hospet Karnātaka, C India 15°16´N 76°20´E

Hospital de Orbigo Castilla y León, N Spain

42°27´N 05°53´W Hospitalet see L’Hospitalet de Llobregat Hossa Kainuu, E Finland 65°28´N 29°36´E Hosseina see Hosa’ina Hosszúmezjő see Câmpulung Moldovenesc Hoste, Isla island S Chile Hostomel’ Rus. Gostomel’. Kyyivs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 50°41´N 30°15´E Hosūr Tamil Nādu, SE India 12°45´N 77°51´E Hot Chiang Mai, NW Thailand 18°07´N 98°34´E Hotan var. Khotan, Chin. Ho-t’ien. Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 37°10´N 79°51´E Hotan He j NW China Hotazel Northern Cape, N South Africa 27°12´S 22°58´E Hotchkiss Colorado, C USA 38°47´N 107°43´W Hot Creek Range m Nevada, W USA Hote see Hoti Hoti var. Hote. Pulau Seram, E Indonesia 02°58´S 130°19´E Ho-t’ien see Hotan Hotin see Khotyn Hoting Jämtland, C Sweden 64°07´N 16°14´E Hotong Qagan Nur c N China Hotont Arhangay, C Mongolia 47°21´N 102°27´E Hot Springs Arkansas, C USA 34°31´N 93°03´W Hot Springs South Dakota, N USA 43°26´N 103°29´W Hot Springs Virginia, NE USA 38°00´N 79°50´W Hot Springs Peak l California, W USA 40°23´N 120°06´W Hot Springs Village Arkansas, C USA 34°39´N 93°03´W Hotspur Bank see Hotspur Seamount Hotspur Seamount var. Hotspur Bank. undersea feature C Atlantic Ocean 18°00´S 35°00´W Hottah Lake c Northwest Territories, NW Canada Hotte, Massif de la m SW Haiti Hotton Luxembourg, SE Belgium 50°18´N 05°25´E Hötzing see Haeg Houaïlou Province Nord, C New Caledonia 21°17´S 165°37´E Houari Boumediène k (Alger) N Algeria 36°38´N 03°15´E Houayxay var. Ban Houayxay. Bokèo, N Laos 20°17´N 100°27´E Houdan Yvelines, N France 48°48´N 01°36´E Houdeng-Goegnies var. Houdeng-Gœgnies. Hainaut, S Belgium 50°29´N 04°10´E Houeillès Lot-et-Garonne, SW France 44°15´N 00°02´E Houffalize Luxembourg, SE Belgium 50°08´N 05°47´E Houghton Michigan, N USA 47°07´N 88°34´W Houghton Lake Michigan, N USA 44°18´N 84°45´W Houghton Lake c Michigan, N USA Houlton Maine, NE USA 46°09´N 67°50´W Houma Shanxi, C China 35°36´N 11°23´E

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

193 U16 Houma Tongatapu, S Tonga 21°18´S 174°55´W

22 J10 Houma Louisiana, S USA 29°35´N 90°44´W

196 V16 Houma Taloa headland Tongatapu, S Tonga 21°16´S 175°08´W

77 O13 Houndé SW Burkina Faso 11°34´N 03°31´W

102 J12 Hourtin-Carcans, Lac d’ c SW France 36 J5 House Range m Utah, W USA 10 K13 Houston British Columbia, SW Canada 54°24´N 126°39´W 39 R11 Houston Alaska, USA 61°37´N 149°50´W

29 X10 Houston Minnesota, N USA 43°45´N 91°34´W

22 M3 Houston Mississippi, S USA 27 V7

33°54´N 89°00´W

Houston Missouri, C USA 29°46´N 95°22´W

25 W11 Houston k Texas, SW USA

99 K17 99 I22 95 H22 95 L17 162 E6 162 J10 162 E6 162 E7 162 C5 97 O23 95 I22 29 N8 116 I8

95 M21 163 N11 162 I5

162 J5 78 L9

27 P7 29 Q10 25 N10 29 U8 80 B8

25 U5 183 R12 31 R9 28 L9 83 K23 167 T9 27 W9 26 J3 101 I14 158 K6 96 J5 43 S17 94 D12 101 P15 164 R14 104 J8 29 W4 87 V2 137 O14 167 N8 167 N8 167 N7

111 F16

111 B16 117 R6 119 M16

49°34´N 17°45´E

112 I13 Hrasnica Federacija Bosna I Hercegovinia, SE Bosnia and Herzegovina 43°48´N 18°19´E

109 V11 Hrastnik C Slovenia 137 U12 137 T12 117 R5 119 K17

37°19´N 91°59´W

25 W11 Houston Texas, SW USA

98 J12

119 F16 Hrandzichy Rus. Grandichi. Hrodzyenskaya Voblasts’, W Belarus 53°43´N 23°49´E 111 H18 Hranice Ger. MährischWeisskirchen. Olomoucký Kraj, E Czech Republic

30°03´N 95°18´W Houten Utrecht, C Netherlands 52°02´N 05°10´E Houthalen Limburg, NE Belgium 51°02´N 05°22´E Houyet Namur, SE Belgium 50°10´N 05°00´E Hov Midtjylland, C Denmark 55°54´N 10°13´E Hova Västra Götaland, S Sweden 58°52´N 14°13´E Hovd var. Dund-Us. Hovd, W Mongolia 48°06´N 91°22´E Hovd var. Dund-Us. Hovd, W Mongolia 48°06´N 91°22´E Hovd var. Khovd, Kobdo; prev. Jirgalanta. Hovd, W Mongolia 47°59´N 91°41´E Hovd r province W Mongolia Hovd see Bogd Hovd Gol j  NW Mongolia Hove SE England, United Kingdom 50°49´N 00°11´W Hovedstaden off. Frederiksborgs Amt. r county E Denmark Hoven South Dakota, N USA 45°12´N 99°47´W Hoverla, Hora Rus. Gora Goverla. l W Ukraine 48°09´N 24°30´E Höviyn Am see Gurvanbulag Hovmantorp Kronoberg, S Sweden 56°47´N 15°08´E Hövsgöl Dornogovĭ, SE Mongolia 43°35´N 109°40´E Hövsgöl r province N Mongolia Hovsgol, Lake see Hövsgöl Nuur Hövsgöl Nuur var. Lake Hovsgol. c N Mongolia Howa, Ouadi var. Wādi Howar. j Chad/Sudan see also Howar, Wādi Howa, Ouadi see Howar, Wādi Howard Kansas, C USA 37°27´N 96°16´W Howard South Dakota, N USA 43°58´N 97°31´W Howard Draw valley Texas, SW USA Howard Lake Minnesota, N USA 45°03´N 94°03´W Howar, Wādi var. Ouadi Howa. j Chad/Sudan see also Howa, Ouadi Howar, Wādi see Howa, Ouadi Howe Texas, SW USA 33°29´N 96°38´W Howe, Cape headland New South Wales/Victoria, SE Australia 37°30´S 149°58´E Howell Michigan, N USA 42°36´N 83°55´W Howes South Dakota, N USA 44°34´N 102°03´W Howick KwaZulu/Natal, E South Africa 29°29´S 30°13´E Howrah see Hāora Hô Xa prev. Vinh Linh. Quang Tri, C Vietnam 17°02´N 107°03´E Hoxie Arkansas, C USA 36°03´N 90°58´W Hoxie Kansas, C USA 39°21´N 100°27´W Höxter Nordrhein-Westfalen, W Germany 51°46´N 09°22´E Hoxud var. Tewulike. Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 42°18´N 86°51´E Hoy island N Scotland, United Kingdom Hoya, Cerro l S Panama 07°22´N 80°38´W Høyanger Sogn Og Fjordane, S Norway 61°13´N 06°05´E Hoyerswerda Lus. Wojerecy. Sachsen, E Germany 51°27´N 14°18´E Hōyo-kaikyō var. Hayasuiseto. strait SW Japan Hoyos Extremadura, W Spain 40°10´N 06°43´W Hoyt Lakes Minnesota, N USA 47°31´N 92°08´W Hoyvík Streymoy, N Faroe Islands Hozat Tunceli, E Turkey 39°09´N 39°13´E Hôzyô see Hōjō Hpa-an var. Pa-an. Kayin State, S Myanmar (Burma) 16°51´N 97°37´E Hpapun var. Papun. Kayin State, S Myanmar (Burma) 18°05´N 97°26´E Hpasawng var. Pasawng. Kayah State, C Myanmar (Burma) 18°50´N 97°16´E Hpyu see Phyu Hradec Králové Ger. Königgrätz. Královéhradecký Kraj, N Czech Republic 50°13´N 15°50´E Hradecký Kraj see Královehradecký Kraj Hradiště Ger. Burgstadlberg. l NW Czech Republic 50°12´N 13°04´E Hradyz’k Rus. Gradizhsk. Poltavs’ka Oblast’, NE Ukraine 49°14´N 33°07´E Hradzyanka Rus. Grodzyanka. Mahilyowskaya Voblasts’, E Belarus 53°33´N 28°45´E

Administrative Regions International Airport

119 F16

46°09´N 15°08´E Hrazdan Rus. Razdan. C Armenia 40°30´N 44°50´E Hrazdan var. Zanga, Rus. Razdan. j C Armenia Hrebinka Rus. Grebenka. Poltavs’ka Oblast’, NE Ukraine 50°08´N 32°27´E Hresk Rus. Gresk. Minskaya Voblasts’, C Belarus 53°10´N 27°29´E Hrisoupoli see Chrysoúpoli Hrodna Rus., Pol. Grodno. Hrodzyenskaya Voblasts’, W Belarus 53°40´N 23°50´E

119 F16 Hrodzyenskaya Voblasts’ Rus. Grodnenskaya Oblast’. r province W Belarus 111 J21 Hron Ger. Gran, Hung. Garam. j C Slovakia 111 Q14 Hrubieszów Rus. Grubeshov. Lubelskie, E Poland 50°49´N 23°53´E 112 F13 Hrvace Split-Dalmacija, SE Croatia 43°46´N 16°35´E Hrvatska see Croatia 112 F10 Hrvatska Kostanjnica var. Kostajnica. Sisak-Moslavina, C Croatia 45°14´N 16°35´E Hrvatsko Grahovi see Bosansko Grahovo 116 K6 Hrymayliv Pol. Gízymałów, Rus. Grimaylov. Ternopil’s’ka Oblast’, W Ukraine 49°18´N 26°02´E

167 N4 Hseni var. Hsenwi. Shan State, E Myanmar (Burma)

167

167

83 57 57 159 57 57 163 163 163

23°20´N 97°59´E Hsenwi see Hseni Hsia-men see Xiamen Hsiang-t’an see Xiangtan Hsi Chiang see Xi Jiang N6 Hsihseng Shan State, C Myanmar (Burma) 20°07´N 97°17´E Hsinchu see Xinzhu Hsing-K’ai Hu see Khanka, Lake Hsi-ning/Hsining see Xining Hsinking see Changchun Hsin-yang see Xinyang Hsinying see Xinying N4 Hsipaw Shan State, C Myanmar (Burma) 22°32´N 97°12´E Hsu-chou see Xuzhou Hsüeh Shan see Xue Shan Htawei see Dawei Hu see Shanghai Shi B18 Huab j W Namibia M21 Huacaya Chuquisaca, S Bolivia 20°45´S 63°42´W J19 Huachacalla Oruro, SW Bolivia 18°47´S 68°23´W X9 Huachi var. Rouyuan, Rouyuanchengzi. Gansu, C China 36°24´N 107°58´E N16 Huachi, Laguna c N Bolivia D14 Huacho Lima, W Peru 11°05´S 77°36´W Y7 Huachuan Heilongjiang, NE China 47°00´S 130°21´E P12 Huade Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China 41°52´N 113°58´E W10 Huadian Jilin, NE China 42°59´N 126°38´E

56 E13 Huagaruncho, Cordillera m C Peru Hua Hin see Ban Hua Hin 191 S10 Huahine island Îles Sous le Vent, W French Polynesia Huahua, Rio see Wawa, Río 167 R8 Huai j E Thailand 161 Q7 Huai’an var. Qingjiang. Jiangsu, E China 161 P6 157 T10 160 L11 161 N14 161 O2 161 P7

161 N2 161 O7 161 Q7 167 N16 41 Q15

41 O9

57 E15 Huancavelica Huancavelica, SW Peru 12°45´S 75°03´W 57 E15 Huancavelica off. Departamento de Huancavelica. r department W Peru Huancavelica, Departamento de see Huancavelica 57 E14 Huancayo Junín, C Peru

195 T16 Hudson, Cape headland Antarctica 68°15´S 154°00´E Hudson, Détroit d’ see Hudson Strait 27 Q9 Hudson, Lake d Oklahoma, C USA 18 K9 Hudson River j New Jersey/New York, NE USA 10 M12 Hudson’s Hope British Columbia, W Canada

57 K20 Huanchaca, Cerro l S Bolivia 20°12´S 66°35´W Huancheng see Huanxian 56 C12 Huandoy, Nevado l W Peru 08°48´S 77°33´W Huang’an see Hong’an 161 O8 Huangchuan Henan, C China 32°00´N 115°02´E 161 O9 Huanggang Hubei, C China

12 L2

12°03´S 75°14´W

157 161 160 161 163 161 161

160 61 161 159 159 163

Huanren Manzu Zizhixian see Huanren 57 F15 Huanta Ayacucho, C Peru

161 S12 62 H3 57 D14 56 D13 57 I16 56 C13 40 H4 56 D8 167 O15

159

34°00´N 116°48´E Huaide see Gongzhuling Huai He j C China Huaihua Hunan, S China 27°36´N 109°57´E Huaiji Guangdong, S China 23°54´N 112°12´E Huailai var. Shacheng. Hebei, E China 40°22´N 115°34´E Huainan var. Huai-nan, Hwainan. Anhui, E China 32°37´N 116°57´E Huai-nan see Huainan Huairen var. Yunzhong. Shanxi, C China 35°28´N 110°29´E Huaiyang Henan, C China 33°44´N 114°55´E Huaiyin Jiangsu, E China 33°31´N 119°03´E Huai Yot Trang, SW Thailand 07°45´N 99°36´E Huajuapan var. Huajuapan de León. Oaxaca, SE Mexico 17°50´N 97°48´W Huajuapan de León see Huajuapan Hualahuises Nuevo León, NE Mexico 24°56´N 99°42´W

36 I11 Hualapai Mountains m Arizona, SW USA 36 I11 Hualapai Peak l Arizona, SW USA 35°04´N 113°54´W 62 J7 Hualfin Catamarca, N Argentina 27°15´S 66°53´W 161 T13 Hualian var. Hualien, Hwalien, Jap. Karen. C Taiwan 23°58´N 121°35´E Hualien see Hualian 56 E10 Huallaga, Río j N Peru 56 C11 Huamachuco La Libertad, C Peru 07°50´S 78°01´W 41 Q14 Huamantla Tlaxcala, S Mexico 19°18´N 97°57´W 82 C13 Huambo Port. Nova Lisboa. Huambo, C Angola 12°48´S 15°45´E 82 B13 Huambo r province C Angola 41 P15 Huamuxtitlán Guerrero, S Mexico 17°49´N 98°34´W 163 Y8 Huanan Heilongjiang, NE China 46°21´N 130°43´E

63 H17 Huancache, Sierra m SW Argentina 57 I17 Huancané Puno, SE Peru

167 41

41 41

161

29 25

97 97 95 94 29 19 31 30 11

13°40´S 74°05´W

12

Mountain Mountain Range

Volcano River

28°30´S 71°15´W G8 Huasco, Río j C Chile S11 Huashixia Qinghai, W China G7 Huatabampo Sonora, NW Mexico 26°49´N 109°40´W W10 Huating var. Donghua. Gansu, C China 35°13´N 106°39´E S7 Huatt, Phou l N Vietnam 19°45´N 104°48´E Q14 Huatusco var. Huatusco de Chicuellar. Veracruz-Llave, C Mexico 19°13´N 96°57´W Huatusco de Chicuellar see Huatusco P13 Huauchinango Puebla, S Mexico 20°11´N 98°04´W Huaunta see Wounta R15 Huautla var. Huautla de Jiménez. Oaxaca, SE Mexico 18°10´N 96°51´W Huautla de Jiménez see Huautla O5 Huaxian var. Daokou, Hua Xian. Henan, C China 35°33´N 114°30´E Hua Xian see Huaxian Huazangsi see Tianzhu V13 Hubbard Iowa, C USA 42°18´N 93°18´W U8 Hubbard Texas, SW USA 31°52´N 96°43´W

31 R13 Huber Heights Ohio, N USA

15°10´S 69°44´W

57 F16 Huancapi Ayacucho, C Peru

18°15´S 66°48´W Huanxian var. Huancheng. Gansu, C China 36°30´N 107°20´E Huaping Yu prev. Huap’ing Yu. island N Taiwan Huara Tarapacá, N Chile 19°59´S 69°42´W Huaral Lima, W Peru 11°31´S 77°10´W Huarás see Huaraz Huaraz var. Huarás. Ancash, W Peru 09°31´S 77°32´W Huari Huari, Río j S Peru Huarmey Ancash, W Peru 10°03´S 78°08´W Huásabas Sonora, NW Mexico 29°47´N 109°18´W Huasaga, Río j Ecuador/ Peru Hua Sai Nakhon Si Thammarat, SW Thailand 08°02´N 100°18´E

46°55´N 12°35´E

163

40 42 42

40 41

102 105 104 104

37

25 Q6 Hubbard Creek Lake c Texas, SW USA 31 R6 Hubbard Lake c Michigan, N USA 160 M9 Hubei var. E, Hubei Sheng, Hupeh, Hupei. r province C China Hubei Sheng see Hubei 109 P8 Huben Tirol, W Austria

155

116

09°58´S 76°16´W

56 D12 Huascarán, Nevado l W Peru 09°01´S 77°27´W 62 G8 Huasco Atacama, N Chile 62 159 40

104 24

104 105

56 D13 Huánuco off. Departamento de Huánuco. r department C Peru Huánuco, Departamento de see Huánuco 57 K19 Huanuni Oruro, W Bolivia 159 X9

167

12°54´S 74°13´W

56 E13 Huánuco Huánuco, C Peru

33°33´N 119°03´E

Huaibei Anhui, E China

30°27´N 114°48´E Huang Hai see Yellow Sea Q8 Huang He var. Yellow River. j C China Huanghe see Madoi Q4 Huanghe Kou delta E China Huangheyan see Madoi L5 Huangling Shaanxi, C China 35°40´N 109°14´E O9 Huangpi Hubei, C China 30°53´N 114°22´E P13 Huangqi Hai c N China Q9 Huangshan var. Tunxi. Anhui, E China 29°43´N 118°20´E O9 Huangshi var. Huang-shih, Hwangshih. Hubei, C China 30°14´N 115°E Huang-shih see Huangshi L5 Huangtu Gaoyuan plateau C China B22 Huanguelén Buenos Aires, E Argentina 37°02´S 61°57´W S10 Huangyan Zhejiang, SE China 28°39´N 121°19´E T10 Huangyuan Qinghai, C China 36°40´N 101°12´E T10 Huangzhong var. Lushar. Qinghai, C China 36°31´N 101°32´E W12 Huanren var. Huanren Manzu Zizhixian. Liaoning, NE China 41°16´N 125°25´E

39°50´N 84°07´W F17 Hubli Karnātaka, SW India 15°20´N 75°14´E X12 Huch’ang N North Korea 41°25´N 127°04´E M18 Hucknall C England, United Kingdom 53°02´N 01°11´W L17 Huddersfield N England, United Kingdom 53°39´N 01°47´W O16 Huddinge Stockholm, C Sweden 59°15´N 17°57´E N11 Hudiksvall Gävleborg, C Sweden 61°45´N 17°12´E W13 Hudson Iowa, C USA 42°24´N 92°27´W O11 Hudson Massachusetts, NE USA 42°24´N 71°34´W Q11 Hudson Michigan, N USA 41°51´N 84°21´W H6 Hudson Wisconsin, N USA 44°59´N 92°43´W V14 Hudson Bay Saskatchewan, S Canada 52°51´N 102°23´W G6 Hudson Bay bay NE Canada

Lake Reservoir

37

105 105 105 105 41

105 23 28 181 182 39 27 25 37 27 27 26

161 184 83 41 163 83 54

54 83 160 161 163 62 159 159

160 102 98 159 93 41

159

41

56°03´N 121°59´W Hudson Strait Fr. Détroit d’Hudson. strait Northwest Territories/Québec, NE Canada Ḩudūd ash Shamālīyah, Minţaqat al see Al Ḩudūd ash Shamālīyah Hudur see Xuddur U9 Huê Th‚a Thiên-Huê, C Vietnam 16°28´N 107°35´E J7 Huebra j W Spain H8 Hueco Mountains m Texas, SW USA G10 Huedin Hung. Bánffyhunyad. Cluj, NW Romania 46°52´N 23°02´E J10 Huehuento, Cerro l C Mexico 24°04´N 105°42´W B5 Huehuetenango Huehuetenango, W Guatemala 15°19´N 91°26´W B4 Huehuetenango off. Departamento de Huehuetenango. r department W Guatemala Huehuetenango, Departamento de see Huehuetenango L11 Huejuquilla Jalisco, SW Mexico 22°40´N 103°52´W P12 Huejutla var. Huejutla de Reyes. Hidalgo, C Mexico 21°10´N 98°25´W Huejutla de Reyes see Huejutla G6 Huelgoat Finistère, NW France 48°22´N 03°45´W O13 Huelma Andalucía, S Spain 37°39´N 03°28´W I14 Huelva anc. Onuba. Andalucía, SW Spain 37°15´N 06°56´W I13 Huelva r province Andalucía, SW Spain J13 Huelva j SW Spain Q14 Huercal-Overa Andalucía, S Spain 37°23´N 01°56´W Q9 Huerfano Mountain l New Mexico, SW USA 36°25´N 107°50´W T7 Huerfano River j Colorado, C USA Huertas, Cabo see Horta, Cap de l’ R6 Huerva j N Spain S4 Huesca anc. Osca. Aragón, NE Spain 42°08´N 00°25´W T4 Huesca r province Aragón, NE Spain P13 Huéscar Andalucía, S Spain 37°39´N 02°32´W N15 Huetamo var. Huetamo de Núñez. Michoacán, SW Mexico 18°36´N 100°54´W Huetamo de Núñez see Huetamo P8 Huete Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 40°09´N 02°42´W P4 Hueytown Alabama, S USA 33°27´N 87°00´W L16 Hugh Butler Lake d Nebraska, C USA V6 Hughenden Queensland, NE Australia 20°57´S 144°16´E A6 Hughes South Australia 30°41´S 129°31´E P8 Hughes Alaska, USA 66°03´N 154°15´W X11 Hughes Arkansas, C USA 34°57´N 90°28´W W6 Hughes Springs Texas, SW USA 33°00´N 94°37´W V5 Hugo Colorado, C USA 39°08´N 103°28´W Q13 Hugo Oklahoma, C USA 34°01´N 95°31´W Q13 Hugo Lake d Oklahoma, C USA H7 Hugoton Kansas, C USA 37°11´N 101°22´W Huhehot/Huhohaote see Hohhot Huhttán see Kvikkjokk R13 Hui’an var. Luocheng. Fujian, SE China 25°06´N 118°45´E O9 Huiarau Range m North Island, New Zealand D22 Huib-Hoch Plateau plateau S Namibia O13 Huichapán Hidalgo, C Mexico 20°24´N 99°40´W Huicheng see Shexian W13 Hŭich’ŏn C North Korea 40°09´N 126°17´E B15 Huíla r province SW Angola E12 Huila off. Departamento del Huila. r province S Colombia Huila, Departamento del see Huila D11 Huila, Nevado del elevation C Colombia B15 Huíla Plateau plateau S Angola G12 Huili Sichuan, C China 26°39´N 102°13´E P4 Huimin Shandong, E China 37°29´N 117°30´E W11 Huinan var. Chaoyang. Jilin, NE China 42°40´N 126°03´E K12 Huinca Renancó Córdoba, C Argentina 34°51´S 64°22´W V10 Huining var. Huishi. Gansu, C China 35°42´N 105°01´E W8 Huinong var. Dawukou. Ningxia, N China 39°04´N 106°22´E Huishi see Huining J12 Huishui var. Heping. Guizhou, S China 26°07´N 106°39´E L6 Huisne j NW France L12 Huissen Gelderland, SE Netherlands 51°57´N 05°57´E N11 Huiten Nur c C China K19 Huittinen Satakunta, SW Finland 61°11´N 22°40´E O15 Huitzuco var. Huitzuco de los Figueroa. Guerrero, S Mexico 18°18´N 99°22´W Huitzuco de los Figueroa see Huitzuco W11 Huixian var. Hui Xian. Gansu, C China 33°48´N 106°02´E Hui Xian see Huixian V17 Huixtla Chiapas, SE Mexico 15°09´N 92°30´W

261

Huize – ilio Point 160 H12 Huize var. Zhongping. Yunnan, SW China 98 161 162

83

163 163 31

163 14 29

99

95 163

163

163

117 163 45 163 62 59 62 83 27 40 83 97 97 25 11 29 27 29 35 20 34 35

26°28´N 103°18´E J10 Huizen Noord-Holland, C Netherlands 52°17´N 05°15´E O14 Huizhou Guangdong, S China 23°02´N 114°28´E J6 Hujirt Arhangay, C Mongolia 48°49´N 101°20´E Hujirt see Tsetserleg, Övörhangay, Mongolia Hujirt see Delgerhaan, Töv, Mongolia Hukagawa see Fukagawa Hŭksan-gundo see Heuksan-jedo Hukue see Gotō Hukui see Fukui G20 Hukuntsi Kgalagadi, SW Botswana 23°59´S 21°44´E Hukuoka see Fukuoka Hukusima see Fukushima Hukutiyama see Fukuchiyama Hukuyama see Fukuyama W8 Hulan Heilongjiang, NE China 45°59´N 126°37´E W8 Hulan He j NE China Q4 Hulbert Lake c Michigan, N USA Hulczyn see Hlučín Huliao see Dabu Z8 Hulin Heilongjiang, NE China 45°48´N 133°06´E Hulingol see Holin Gol L12 Hull Québec, SE Canada 45°26´N 75°45´W S12 Hull Iowa, C USA 43°11´N 96°07´W Hull see Kingston upon Hull Hull Island see Orona F16 Hulst Zeeland, SW Netherlands 51°17´N 04°03´E Hulstay see Choybalsan Hultschin see Hlučín M19 Hultsfred Kalmar, S Sweden 57°30´N 15°50´E T13 Huludao prev. Jinxi, Lianshan. Liaoning, NE China 40°46´N 120°47´E Hulun see Hulun Buir S6 Hulun Buir var. Hailar; prev. Hulun. Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China 49°15´N 119°41´E Hu-lun Ch’ih see Hulun Nur Q6 Hulun Nur var. Hu-lun Ch’ih; prev. Dalai Nor. c NE China Hulwan/Hulwân see Hilwān V8 Hulyaypole Rus. Gulyaypole. Zaporiz’ka Oblast’, SE Ukraine 47°41´N 36°10´E V4 Huma Heilongjiang, NE China 51°40´N 126°38´E V6 Humacao E Puerto Rico 18°09´N 65°50´W U4 Huma He j NE China J5 Humahuaca Jujuy, N Argentina 23°13´S 65°20´W E14 Humaitá Amazonas, N Brazil 07°33´S 63°01´W N7 Humaitá Ñeembucú, S Paraguay 27°02´S 58°31´W H26 Humansdorp Eastern Cape, S South Africa 34°01´S 24°45´E S6 Humansville Missouri, C USA 37°47´N 93°34´W I8 Humaya, Río j C Mexico C16 Humbe Cunene, SW Angola 16°37´S 14°52´E N17 Humber estuary E England, United Kingdom N17 Humberside cultural region E England, United Kingdom Humberto see Umberto W11 Humble Texas, SW USA 29°58´N 95°15´W U15 Humboldt Saskatchewan, S Canada 52°13´N 105°09´W U12 Humboldt Iowa, C USA 42°42´N 94°13´W Q6 Humboldt Kansas, C USA 37°48´N 95°26´W S17 Humboldt Nebraska, C USA 40°09´N 95°56´W S3 Humboldt Nevada, W USA 40°36´N 118°15´W G9 Humboldt Tennessee, S USA 35°49´N 88°55´W K3 Humboldt Bay bay California, W USA S4 Humboldt Lake c Nevada, W USA

Humboldt River j Nevada, W USA 35 T5 Humboldt Salt Marsh wetland Nevada, W USA 183 P11 Hume, Lake c New South Wales/Victoria, SE Australia 111 N19 Humenné Ger. Homenau, Hung. Homonna. Prešovský Kraj, E Slovakia 35 S4

48°57´N 21°54´E 29 V15 Humeston Iowa, C USA 40°51´N 93°30´W 54 J5 Humocaro Bajo Lara, N Venezuela 09°41´N 70°00´W 29 Q14 Humphrey Nebraska, C USA 41°38´N 97°29´W

35 S9

Humphreys, Mount l California, W USA

111 H23 Hungary off. Republic of Hungary, Ger. Ungarn, Hung. Magyarország, Rom. Ungaria, SCr. Mađarska, Ukr. Uhorshchyna; prev. Hungarian People’s Republic. b republic C Europe Hungary, Plain of see Great Hungarian Plain Hungary, Republic of see Hungary Hungiy see Urgamal 163 X13 Hŭngnam E North Korea

21 P5

Hungry Horse Reservoir d Montana, NW USA Hungt’ou see Lan Yu Hung-tse Hu see Hongze Hu 167 T6 Hng Yên Hai Hng, N Vietnam 20°38´N 106°05´E Hunjiang see Baishan 95 I18 Hunnebostrand Västra Götaland, S Sweden

95 F21

58°26´N 11°19´E

101 E19 Hunsrück m W Germany 97 P18 Hunstanton E England, United Kingdom 155 G20 100 G12 29 Q5 25 S11 185 D20 183 N15 18 K11 185 B23 183 S7 32 L7 185 F20 184 M12 31 N16 97 O20 18 E15 20 G9 97 O20 31 P12 32 L13 25 X9 36 M5 21 P5

35°18´N 111°40´W 111 E17 Humpolec Ger. Gumpolds, Humpoletz. Vysočina, C Czech Republic 49°33´N 15°23´E Humpoletz see Humpolec 93 K19 Humppila Kanta-Häme, S Finland 60°54´N 23°21´E 32 F8 Humptulips Washington, NW USA 47°13´N 123°57´W

42 H7 Humuya, Río j W Honduras 75 P9 Hūn N Libya 29°06´N 15°56´E 92 I1 Húnaflói bay NW Iceland 160 M11 Hunan var. Hunan Sheng, Xiang. r province S China Hunan Sheng see Hunan 163 Y10 Hunchun Jilin, NE China 95 I22

116 G12

116 G12 101 I17

42°51´N 130°21´E Hundested Hovedstaden, E Denmark 55°58´N 11°53´E Hundred Mile House see 100 Mile House Hunedoara Ger. Eisenmarkt, Hung. Vajdahunyad. Hunedoara, SW Romania 45°45´N 22°54´E Hunedoara r county W Romania Hünfeld Hessen, C Germany 50°41´N 09°46´E

Hungarian People’s Republic see Hungary

262

52°57´N 00°27´E Hunsūr Karnātaka, E India 12°18´N 76°15´E Hunt see Hangay Hunte j NW Germany Hunter North Dakota, N USA 47°10´N 97°11´W Hunter Texas, SW USA 29°47´N 98°01´W Hunter j South Island, New Zealand Hunter Island island Tasmania, SE Australia Hunter Mountain l  New York, NE USA 42°10´N 74°13´W Hunter Mountains m South Island, New Zealand Hunter River j New South Wales, SE Australia Hunters Washington, NW USA 48°07´N 118°13´W Hunters Hills, The hill range South Island, New Zealand Hunterville ManawatuWanganui, North Island, New Zealand 39°55´S 175°34´E Huntingburg Indiana, N USA 38°18´N 86°57´W Huntingdon E England, United Kingdom 52°20´N 00°12´W Huntingdon Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°28´N 78°00´W Huntingdon Tennessee, S USA 36°00´N 88°25´W Huntingdonshire cultural region C England, United Kingdom Huntington Indiana, N USA 40°52´N 85°30´W Huntington Oregon, NW USA 44°22´N 117°18´W Huntington Texas, SW USA 31°16´N 94°34´W Huntington Utah, W USA 39°19´N 110°57´W Huntington West Virginia, NE USA 38°25´N 82°27´W

35 T16 Huntington Beach California, W USA

23 V6 94 E12 101 E16

185 I17

117 T14

95 B19 92 K1

116 M10 95 L19 39 P8 95 C15 94 D8 100 H7 93 I16 116 K6

162 K6 26 M6 29 U9 23 Y13 36 L11 141 O14 186 I7 109 T8 25 T10 108 E8 158 K5 161 N4 185 E20

33°39´N 118°00´W

35 W4 Huntington Creek j Nevada, W USA 184 L7 Huntly Waikato, North Island, New Zealand 96 10 14 23 27 27 20 25 36 41 149 158 161 163

186

95

37°11´N 118°39´W

36 L11 Humphreys Peak l Arizona, SW USA

39°50´N 127°36´E

33 P8

36 J8

14 98 29

67 139 37 30 21 162 29 31 31 36

37°34´S 175°09´E K8 Huntly NE Scotland, United Kingdom 57°25´N 02°48´W K8 Hunt, Mount l Yukon, NW Canada 61°29´N 129°10´W H12 Huntsville Ontario, S Canada 45°20´N 79°14´W P2 Huntsville Alabama, S USA 34°44´N 86°35´W S9 Huntsville Arkansas, C USA 36°04´N 93°46´W U3 Huntsville Missouri, C USA 39°27´N 92°31´W M8 Huntsville Tennessee, S USA 36°25´N 84°30´W V10 Huntsville Texas, SW USA 30°43´N 95°34´W L2 Huntsville Utah, W USA 41°16´N 111°47´W W12 Hunucmá Yucatán, SE Mexico 20°59´N 89°55´W W3 Hunza j NE Pakistan Hunza see Karīmābād Hunze see Oostermoers Vaart H4 Huocheng var. Shuiding. Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 44°03´N 80°49´E N6 Huojia Henan, C China 35°14´N 113°38´E S9 Huolin Gol prev. Hulingol. Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China 45°36´N 119°54´E186 N14 Huon reef N New Caledonia E7 Huon Peninsula headland C Papua New Guinea 06°24´S 147°50´E Huoshao Dao see Lü Dao Huoshao Tao see Lan Yu Hupeh/Hupei see Hubei Hurama see Hongyuan H14 Hurdalsjøen prev. Hurdalssjøen. c S Norway Hurdalssjøen see Hurdalsjøen E13 Hurd, Cape headland Ontario, S Canada 45°12´N 81°43´W L5 Hurdegaryp Dutch. Hardegarijp. Fryslân, N Netherlands 53°13´N 05°57´E N4 Hurdsfield North Dakota, N USA 47°24´N 99°55´W Hüremt see Sayhan, Bulgan, Mongolia Hüremt see Taragt, Övörhangay, Mongolia Hurghada see Al Ghurdaqah V9 Huri Hills m NW Kenya Hūrkay see Hurkê S1 Hurkê Ar. Hūrkay, var. Harki. Dahūk, N Iraq 37°03´N 43°39´E P15 Hurley New Mexico, SW USA 32°42´N 108°07´W K4 Hurley Wisconsin, N USA 46°25´N 90°15´W Y4 Hurlock Maryland, NE USA 38°37´N 75°51´W K11 Hürmen var. Tsoohor. Ömnögovĭ, S Mongolia 43°15´N 104°04´E P10 Huron South Dakota, N USA 44°19´N 98°13´W S6 Huron, Lake c Canada/USA N3 Huron Mountains hill range Michigan, N USA J8 Hurricane Utah, W USA 37°10´N 113°18´W

Country Country Capital

99 J20 161 R8

92 I2 92 K4

113 E15 113 F15 117 T13

92 I4 95 E22 92 I3 95 G15 92 I4

83 I16

83 L17 63 G20 162 K6 19 Q12 28 L13 162 F6

39 Y14 185 F22 21 O7 18 K12 39 Z14 155 I15

149 Q16 103 T16 103 T16

Hurricane West Virginia, NE USA 38°25´N 82°01´W Hurricane Cliffs cliff Arizona, SW USA Hurricane Creek j Georgia, SE USA Hurrungane l S Norway 61°25´N 07°48´E Hürth NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 50°52´N 06°49´E Hurukawa see Furukawa Hurunui j South Island, New Zealand Hurup Midtjylland, NW Denmark 56°46´N 08°26´E Hurzuf Avtonomna Respublika Krym, S Ukraine 44°33´N 34°18´E Huș see Huşi Húsavík Dan. Husevig. Sandoy, C Faroe Islands 65°24´N 06°38´W Húsavík Norðurland Eystra, NE Iceland 66°03´N 17°20´W Husevig see Húsavík Huşi var. Huș. Vaslui, E Romania 46°40´N 28°05´E Huskvarna Jönköping, S Sweden 57°47´N 14°15´E Huslia Alaska, USA 65°42´N 156°24´W Husn see Al Ḩuşn Husnes Hordaland, S Norway 59°52´N 05°46´E Hustadvika sea area S Norway Husté see Khust Husum SchleswigHolstein, N Germany 54°29´N 09°04´E Husum Västernorrland, C Sweden 63°21´N 19°12´E Husyatyn Ternopil’s’ka Oblast’, W Ukraine 49°04´N 26°10´E Huszt see Khust Hutag see Hutag-Öndör Hutag-Öndör var. Hutag. Bulgan, N Mongolia 49°22´N 102°50´E Hutchinson Kansas, C USA 38°03´N 97°56´W Hutchinson Minnesota, N USA 44°53´N 94°22´W Hutchinson Island island Florida, SE USA Hutch Mountain l Arizona, SW USA 34°49´N 111°22´W Ḩūth NW Yemen 16°14´N 44°E Hutjena Buka Island, NE Papua New Guinea 05°19´S 154°40´E Hüttenberg Kärnten, S Austria 46°58´N 14°33´E Hutto Texas, SW USA 30°32´N 97°33´W Huttu see Futtsu Huttwil Bern, W Switzerland 47°06´N 07°48´E Hutubi Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 44°10´N 86°51´E Hutuo He j C China Hutyû see Fuchū Huxley, Mount l South Island, New Zealand 44°02´S 169°42´E Huy Dut. Hoei, Hoey. Liège, E Belgium 50°32´N 05°14´E Huzhou var. Wuxing. Zhejiang, SE China 30°52´N 120°06´E Huzi see Fuji Huzieda see Fujieda Huzinomiya see Fujinomiya Huzisawa see Fujisawa Hvammstangi Norðurland Vestra, N Iceland 65°22´N 20°54´W Hvannadalshnjúkur var. Hvannadalshnúkur. i S Iceland 64°01´N 16°39´W Hvannadalshnúkur see Hvannadalshnjúkur Hvar It. Lesina. SplitDalmacija, S Croatia 43°10´N 16°27´E Hvar It. Lesina; anc. Pharus. island S Croatia Hvardiys’ke Rus. Gvardeyskoye. Avtonomna Respublika Krym, S Ukraine 45°08´N 34°01´E Hveragerði Suðurland, SW Iceland 64°00´N 21°13´W Hvide Sande Midtjylland, W Denmark 56°00´N 08°08´E Hvitá j C Iceland Hvittingfoss Buskerud, S Norway 59°28´N 10°00´E Hvolsvöllur Suðurland, SW Iceland 63°44´N 20°12´W Hwach’ŏn-chŏsuji see Paro-ho Hwainan see Huainan Hwalien see Hualian Hwange prev. Wankie. Matabeleland North, W Zimbabwe 18°18´S 26°31´E Hwang-Hae see Yellow Sea Hwangshih see Huangshi Hwedza Mashonaland East, E Zimbabwe 18°35´S 31°35´E Hyades, Cerro l S Chile 46°57´S 73°09´W Hyalganat var. Selenge. Bulgan, N Mongolia 49°34´N 104°18´E Hyannis Massachusetts, NE USA 41°38´N 70°15´W Hyannis Nebraska, C USA 42°00´N 101°45´W Hyargas Nuur c NW Mongolia Hybla/Hybla Major see Paternò Hydaburg Prince of Wales Island, Alaska, USA 55°10´N 132°44´W Hyde Otago, South Island, New Zealand 45°17´S 170°17´E Hyden Kentucky, S USA 37°08´N 83°23´W Hyde Park New York, NE USA 41°46´N 73°52´W Hyder Alaska, USA 55°55´N 130°01´W Hyderābād var. Haidarabad. state capital Telangana/Andhra Pradesh, C India 17°22´N 78°26´E Hyderābād var. Haidarabad. Sind, SE Pakistan 25°26´N 68°22´E Hyères Var, SE France 43°07´N 06°08´E Hyères, Îles d’ island group S France

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

118 K12 Hyermanavichy Rus. Germanovichi. Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’, N Belarus 55°24´N 27°48´E

163 X12 Hyesan NE North Korea 41°18´N 128°13´E

Hyland j Yukon, NW Canada 95 K20 Hyltebruk Halland, S Sweden 10 K8

57°N 13°14´E

18 D16 Hyndman Pennsylvania, NE USA 39°49´N 78°42´W 33 P14 Hyndman Peak l Idaho, NW USA 43°45´N 114°07´W 164 I13 Hyōgo off. Hyōgo-ken. r prefecture Honshū, SW Japan Hyōgo-ken see Hyōgo Hypsas see Belice Hyrcania see Gorgān 36 L1 Hyrum Utah, W USA 41°37´N 111°51´W

93 N14 Hyrynsalmi Kainuu, C Finland 64°41´N 28°30´E 33 V10 Hysham Montana, NW USA 46°16´N 107°14´W 11 N13 Hythe Alberta, W Canada 55°18´N 119°44´W 97 Q23 Hythe SE England, United Kingdom 51°05´N 01°04´E Hyvinge see Hyvinkää 93 L19 Hyvinkää Swe. Hyvinge. Uusimaa, S Finland 60°37´N 24°50´E

I 116 J9

172 116 116 117 117

23 116 116 116 114 22 58 171 77 54 60 36 165 56

141 100 79 113 57 66

84 64

105 12 77 77 105 59 61 61 61 105

138 188 171 59 141 127 141 164 57 57

58 58

Iacobeni Ger. Jakobeny. Suceava, NE Romania

47°24´N 25°20´E Iader see Zadar I7 Iakora Fianarantsoa, SE Madagascar 23°04´S 46°40´E K14 Ialomia var. Jalomitsa. r county SE Romania K14 Ialomia j SE Romania N10 Ialoveni Rus. Yaloveny. C Moldova 46°57´N 28°47´E N11 Ialpug var. Ialpugul Mare, Rus. Yalpug. j Moldova/ Ukraine Ialpugul Mare see Ialpug T8 Iamonia, Lake c Florida, SE USA L13 Ianca Brăila, SE Romania 45°06´N 27°29´E M10 Iaşi Ger. Jassy. Iași, NE Romania 47°08´N 27°38´E L9 Iaşi Ger. Jassy, Yassy. r county NE Romania J13 Íasmos Anatolikí Makedonía kai Thráki, NE Greece 41°07´N 25°12´E H6 Iatt, Lake d Louisiana, S USA B11 Iauretê Amazonas, NW Brazil 0°37´N 69°10´W N3 Iba Luzon, N Philippines 15°25´N 119°55´E S16 Ibadan Oyo, SW Nigeria 07°22´N 04°01´E E10 Ibagué Tolima, C Colombia 04°27´N 75°14´W J10 Ibaiti Paraná, S Brazil 23°49´S 50°15´W J4 Ibapah Peak l Utah, W USA 39°51´N 113°55´W Ibar see Ibër P13 Ibaraki off. Ibaraki-ken. r prefecture Honshū, S Japan Ibaraki-ken see Ibaraki C5 Ibarra var. San Miguel de Ibarra. Imbabura, N Ecuador 0°23´S 78°08´W Ibașfalău see Dumbrăveni O16 Ibb W Yemen 13°55´N 44°10´E F13 Ibbenbüren NordrheinWestfalen, NW Germany 52°17´N 07°43´E H16 Ibenga j N Congo M15 Ibër Serb. Ibar. j C Serbia I14 Iberia Madre de Dios, E Peru 11°21´S 69°36´W Iberia see Spain M1 Iberian Basin undersea feature E Atlantic Ocean 39°00´N 16°00´W Iberian Mountains see Ibérico, Sistema D12 Iberian Peninsula physical region Portugal/Spain M8 Iberian Plain undersea feature E Atlantic Ocean 13°30´W 43°45´N Ibérica, Cordillera see Ibérico, Sistema P6 Ibérico, Sistema var. Cordillera Ibérica, Eng. Iberian Mountains. m NE Spain K7 Iberville Lac d’ c Québec, NE Canada T14 Ibeto Niger, W Nigeria 10°30´N 05°07´E W15 Ibi Taraba, C Nigeria 08°13´N 09°46´E S11 Ibi Valenciana, E Spain 38°38´N 00°35´W L20 Ibiá Minas Gerais, SE Brazil 19°30´S 46°31´W F15 Ibicuí, Rio j S Brazil C19 Ibicuy Entre Ríos, E Argentina 33°44´S 59°10´W F16 Ibirapuitã j S Brazil V10 Ibiza var. Iviza, Cast. Eivissa; anc. Ebusus. island Islas Baleares, Spain, W Mediterranean Sea Ibiza see Eivissa J4 Ibn Wardān, Qaşr ruins Ḩamāh, C Syria Ibo see Sassandra E9 Ibobang Babeldaob, N Palau V13 Ibonma Papua Barat, E Indonesia 03°27´S 133°30´E N17 Ibotirama Bahia, E Brazil 12°13´S 43°12´W Y8 Ibrā NE Oman 22°45´N 58°30´E Q4 Ibresi Chuvashskaya Respublika, W Russian Federation 55°22´N 47°04´E X8 ‘Ibrī NW Oman 23°12´N 56°28´E C16 Ibusuki Kagoshima, Kyūshū, SW Japan 31°15´N 130°40´E E16 Ica Ica, SW Peru 14°02´S 75°48´W E16 Ica off. Departamento de Ica. r department SW Peru Ica, Departamento de see Ica C11 Içana Amazonas, NW Brazil 0°22´N 67°25´W Icaria see Ikaría B13 Içá, Rio var. Río Putumayo. j NW South America see also Putumayo, Río Içá, Rio see Putumayo, Río

Administrative Regions International Airport

136 I17 İçel prev. Ichili; prev. Mersin. r province S Turkey İçel see Mersin 92 I3 Iceland off. Republic of Iceland, Dan. Island, Icel. Ísland. b republic N Atlantic Ocean 86 B6 Iceland island N Atlantic Ocean 64 L5 Iceland Basin undersea feature N Atlantic Ocean

81 G18 Iganga SE Uganda

Icelandic Plateau see Iceland Plateau 197 Q15 Iceland Plateau var. Icelandic Plateau. undersea feature S Greenland Sea

94 N11

61°00´N 19°00´W

12°00´W 69°30´N

Iceland, Republic of see Iceland 155 E16 Ichalkaranji Mahārāshtra, W India 16°42´N 74°28´E 164 D15 Ichifusa-yama l Kyūshū, SW Japan 32°18´N 131°05´E Ichili see İçel 164 K13 Ichinomiya var. Itinomiya. Aichi, Honshū, SW Japan 165 117 57 39 39 39 27 29 77 33

33 33 121 25 104 101 118

124 79 162

75

80 168 115

106 76 79 39 95 138 138

94 109 101

118 165 99 115 115 115 116 106 92 188 172 77 77 92 77

182 74 171

35°18´N 136°48´E Q9 Ichinoseki var. Itinoseki. Iwate, Honshū, C Japan 38°56´N 141°08´E R3 Ichnya Chernihivs’ka Oblast’, NE Ukraine 50°52´N 32°24´E L17 Ichoa, Río j C Bolivia Iconium see Konya Iculisma see Angoulême U12 Icy Bay inlet Alaska, USA N5 Icy Cape headland Alaska, USA 70°19´N 161°52´W W13 Icy Strait strait Alaska, USA R13 Idabel Oklahoma, C USA 33°54´N 94°50´W T13 Ida Grove Iowa, C USA 42°21´N 95°28´W U16 Idah Kogi, S Nigeria 07°06´N 06°45´E N13 Idaho off. State of Idaho, also known as Gem of the Mountains, Gem State. r state NW USA N14 Idaho City Idaho, NW USA 43°48´N 115°51´W R14 Idaho Falls Idaho, NW USA 43°28´N 112°01´W P2 Idálion var. Dali, Dhali. C Cyprus 35°00´N 33°25´E N5 Idalou Texas, SW USA 33°40´N 101°40´W I9 Idanha-a-Nova Castelo Branco, C Portugal 39°55´N 07°15´W E19 Idar-Oberstein RheinlandPfalz, SW Germany 49°43´N 07°19´E J3 Ida-Virumaa var. Ida-Viru Maakond. r province NE Estonia Ida-Viru Maakond see Ida-Virumaa J8 Idel’ Respublika Kareliya, NW Russian Federation 64°08´N 34°12´E C15 Idenao Sud-Ouest, SW Cameroon 04°04´N 09°01´E Idensalmi see Iisalmi I6 Ider var. Dzuunmod. Hövsgöl, C Mongolia 48°09´N 97°22´E Ider see Galt X10 Idfū var. Edfu. SE Egypt 24°55´N 32°52´E Ídhi Óros see Ídi Ídhra see Ýdra L10 ‘Ĭdi var. Ed. SE Eritrea 13°54´N 41°39´E H7 Idi Sumatera, W Indonesia 05°00´N 98°00´E I25 Ídi var. Ídhi Óros. m Kríti, Greece, E Mediterranean Sea Idi Amin, Lac see Edward, Lake G10 Idice j N Italy G9 Idîni Trarza, W Mauritania 17°58´N 15°40´W J21 Idiofa Bandundu, SW Dem. Rep. Congo 05°00´S 19°38´E O10 Iditarod River j Alaska, USA Idjavuotna see Ifjord M14 Idkerberget Dalarna, C Sweden 60°22´N 15°15´E I3 Idlib Idlib, NW Syria 35°57´N 36°38´E I4 Idlib off. Muḩāfaat Idlib. r governorate NW Syria Idlib, Muḩāfaat see Idlib Idra see Ýdra J11 Idre Dalarna, C Sweden 61°52´N 12°45´E Idria see Idrija S11 Idrija It. Idria. W Slovenia 46°00´N 14°59´E G18 Idstein Hessen, W Germany 50°10´N 08°16´E Idutywa see Dutywa Idzhevan see Ijevan G9 Iecava S Latvia 56°36´N 24°10´E T16 Ie-jima var. Ii-shima. island Nansei-shotō, SW Japan B18 Ieper Fr. Ypres. WestVlaanderen, W Belgium 50°51´N 02°53´E K25 Ierápetra Kríti, Greece, E Mediterranean Sea 35°00´N 25°45´E G22 Iérax, Akrotírio headland S Greece 36°45´N 23°06´E Ierisós see Ierissós H14 Ierissós var. Ierisós. Kentrikí Makedonía, N Greece 40°24´N 23°53´E I11 Iernut Hung. Radnót. Mureș, C Romania 46°27´N 24°15´E J12 Iesi var. Jesi. Marche, C Italy 43°33´N 13°16´E K9 Iešjavri c N Norway Iesolo see Jesolo K16 Ifalik Atoll atoll Caroline Islands, C Micronesia I6 Ifanadiana Fianarantsoa, SE Madagascar 21°19´S 47°39´E T16 Ife Osun, SW Nigeria 07°25´N 04°31´E V8 Iferouâne Agadez, N Niger 19°05´N 08°24´E Iferten see Yverdon L8 Ifjord Lapp. Idjavuotna. Finnmark, N Norway 70°27´N 27°06´E R8 Ifôghas, Adrar des var. Adrar des Iforas. m NE Mali Iforas, Adrar des see Ifôghas, Adrar des D6 Ifould lake salt lake South Australia G6 Ifrane C Morocco 33°31´N 05°09´W S11 Iga Pulau Halmahera, E Indonesia 01°23´N 128°17´E

Mountain Mountain Range

60 L7 122 K9

137 T12

39 P7 39 P13

107 B20 127 V4

9

O6

12 B11 118 I12 127 Q5 124 K12 114 N11 121 S7

115 B16 127 T2 122 H9

60 G12

59 I22

41 O15 105 V5

60 G12

62 Q6

79 D19

67 M5 172 K2 151 K18

165 T16 163 N9 172 I6 162 I7 114 H10 162 H6 162 J6 93 L14 164 M13 93 M14 118 J4 93 M16

165 N11 77 S16 137 U11 98 H9 98 M12 98 J8 98 L9 98 I12 61 G14 61 G14 189 R8 99 E16 99 A18 93 K18 172 I6

Volcano River

0°34´N 33°27´E Igarapava São Paulo, S Brazil 20°01´S 47°46´W Igarka Krasnoyarskiy Kray, N Russian Federation 67°31´N 86°33´E Igaunija see Estonia Iğdir r province NE Turkey I.G.Duca see General Toshevo Igel see Jihlava Iggesund Gävleborg, C Sweden 61°38´N 17°04´E Igikpak, Mount l Alaska, USA 67°28´N 154°55´W Igiugig Alaska, USA 59°19´N 155°53´W Iglau/Iglawa/Igława see Jihlava Iglesias Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 39°20´N 08°34´E Iglino Respublika Bashkortostan, W Russian Federation 54°51´N 56°29´E Igló see Spišská Nová Ves Igloolik Nunavut, N Canada 69°24´N 81°55´W Ignace Ontario, S Canada 49°26´N 91°40´W Ignalina Utena, E Lithuania 55°20´N 26°10´E Ignatovka Ul’yanovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 53°56´N 47°40´E Ignatovo Vologodskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 60°47´N 37°51´E İğneada Kırklareli, NW Turkey 41°54´N 27°58´E

İğneada Burnu headland NW Turkey

41°54´N 28°03´E Igombe see Gombe Igoumenítsa Ípeiros, W Greece 39°30´N 20°16´E Igra Udmurtskaya Respublika, NW Russian Federation 57°30´N 53°01´E Igrim Khanty-Mansiyskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug-Yugra, N Russian Federation 63°09´N 64°33´E Iguaçu, Rio Sp. Río Iguazú. j Argentina/Brazil see also Iguazú, Río Iguaçu, Río see Iguazú, Río Iguaçu, Salto do Sp. Cataratas del Iguazú; prev. Victoria Falls. waterfall Argentina/Brazil see also Iguazú, Cataratas del Iguaçu, Salto do see Iguazú, Cataratas del Iguala var. Iguala de la Independencia. Guerrero, S Mexico 18°21´N 99°31´W Igualada Cataluña, NE Spain 41°35´N 01°37´E

Iguala de la Independencia see Iguala Iguazú, Cataratas del Port. Salto do Iguaçu; prev. Victoria Falls. waterfall Argentina/ Brazil see also Iguaçu, Salto do Iguazú, Cataratas del see Iguaçu, Salto do Iguazú, Río var. Río Iguaçu. j Argentina/Brazil see also Iguaçu, Río Iguazú, Río see Iguaçu, Rio Iguéla prev. Iguéla. Ogooué-Maritime, SW Gabon 02°00´S 09°23´E Iguéla see Iguéla Iguid, Erg see Iguîdi, ‘Erg Iguîdi, ‘Erg var. Erg Iguid. desert Algeria/Mauritania Iharaa prev. Vohémar. Antsiranana, NE Madagascar 13°22´S 50°00´E Ihavandhippolhu Atoll var. Ihavandiffulu Atoll. atoll N Maldives Ihavandiffulu Atoll see Ihavandhippolhu Atoll Ih Bulag see Hanbogd Iheya-jima island Nanseishotō, SW Japan Ihhayrhan see Bayan-Önjüül Ihhet var. Bayan. Dornogovĭ, SE Mongolia 46°15´N 110°16´E Ihosy Fianarantsoa, S Madagascar 22°23´S 46°09´E Ihsüüj see Bayanchandmanĭ Ihtamir var. Dzaanhushuu. Arhangay, C Mongolia 47°36´N 101°06´E Ihtiman Sofia, W Bulgaria 42°26´N 23°49´E Ih-Uul var. Bayan-Uhaa. Dzavhan, C Mongolia 48°41´N 98°46´E Ih-Uul var. Selenge. Hövsgöl, N Mongolia 49°25´N 101°30´E Ii Pohjois-Pohjanmaa, C Finland 65°18´N 25°23´E Iida Nagano, Honshū, S Japan 35°32´N 137°48´E Iijoki j C Finland Iinnasuolu see Hinnøya Iisaku Ger. Isaak. IdaVirumaa, NE Estonia 59°06´N 27°19´E Iisalmi var. Idensalmi. Pohjois-Savo, C Finland 63°32´N 27°10´E Ii-shima see Ie-jima Iiyama Nagano, Honshū, S Japan 36°52´N 138°22´E Ijebu-Ode Ogun, SW Nigeria 06°46´N 03°57´E Ijevan Rus. Idzhevan. N Armenia 40°53´N 45°07´E IJmuiden Noord-Holland, W Netherlands 52°28´N 04°38´E IJssel var. Yssel. j Netherlands IJsselmeer prev. Zuider Zee. c N Netherlands IJsselmuiden Overijssel, E Netherlands 52°34´N 05°55´E IJsselstein Utrecht, C Netherlands 52°01´N 05°02´E Ijuí Rio Grande do Sul, S Brazil 28°23´S 53°55´W Ijuí, Rio j S Brazil Ijuw NE Nauru 0°30´S 166°57´E IJzendijke Zeeland, SW Netherlands 51°20´N 03°36´E Ijzer j W Belgium Ikaahuk see Sachs Harbour Ikaalinen Pirkanmaa, W Finland 61°46´N 23°05´E Ikalamavony Fianarantsoa, SE Madagascar 21°10´S 46°35´E

Lake Reservoir

Ikaluktutiak see Cambridge Bay 185 G16 Ikamatua West Coast, South Island, New Zealand 42°16´S 171°42´E

145 P16 Ikan prev. Staroikan. Yuzhnyy Kazakhstan, S Kazakhstan 43°09´N 68°34´E

77 U16 Ikare Ondo, SW Nigeria 07°36´N 05°52´E

115 L20 Ikaría var. Kariot, Nicaria, Nikaria; anc. Icaria. island Dodekánisa, Greece, Aegean Sea 95 F22 Ikast Midtjylland, W Denmark 56°09´N 09°10´E 184 O9 Ikawhenua Range m North Island, New Zealand 165 U4 Ikeda Hokkaidō, NE Japan 42°54´N 143°25´E

164 H14 Ikeda Tokushima, Shikoku, SW Japan 34°00´N 133°47´E

77 S16 Ikeja Lagos, SW Nigeria 06°36´N 03°16´E

79 L19 Ikela Equateur, C Dem. Rep. Congo 01°11´S 23°16´E 164 C13 Iki prev. Gōnoura. Nagasaki, Iki, SW Japan 33°44´N 129°41´E

164 C13 Iki island SW Japan 127 O13 Iki Burul Respublika Kalmykiya, SW Russian Federation 45°48´N 44°44´E 137 P11 İkizdere Rize, NE Turkey 40°47´N 40°34´E

39 P14 Ikolik, Cape headland Kodiak Island, Alaska, USA 57°12´N 154°46´W

77 V17 Ikom Cross River, SE Nigeria 172 I6

05°57´N 08°43´E

Ikongo prev. Fort-Carnot. Fianarantsoa, SE Madagascar 21°52´S 47°27´E

Ikpikpuk River j Alaska, USA 190 H1 Iku prev. Lone Tree Islet. atoll Tungaru, W Kiribati 164 I12 Ikuno Hyōgo, Honshū, SW Japan 35°13´N 134°48´E 190 H16 Ikurangi l Rarotonga, S Cook Islands 39 P5

21°12´S 159°45´W

171 X14 Ilaga Papua, E Indonesia 03°54´S 137°30´E

171 O2 Ilagan Luzon, N Philippines 142 J7

17°08´N 121°54´E

Īlām var. Elam. Īlām, W Iran 33°37´N 46°27´E

153 R12 Ilām Eastern, E Nepal 142 J8 161 T13 146 G9 122 L12 108 H9 77 S16 57 I17 110 K8 121 P16 123 P10

11 S13 79 J21 103 N5

77 T16 187 Q16 11 X12 116 K14 97 I23 136 I11 136 G15 60 I7 104 G7 59 O18 129 R7 116 G11 39 P13 39 P13 137 N13

37 V2 171 Q7 171 Q7 158 I5

56 C6 125 U14 125 U14

18 I10 38 E9

26°52´N 87°58´E Īlām off. Ostān-e Īlām. r province W Iran Īlām, Ostān-e see Īlām Ilan Jap. Giran. N Taiwan 24°45´N 121°44´E Ilanly Obvodnitel’nyy Kanal canal N Turkmenistan Ilanskiy Krasnoyarskiy Kray, S Russian Federation 56°16´N 95°59´E Ilanz Graubünden, S Switzerland 46°46´N 09°10´E Ilaro Ogun, SW Nigeria 06°52´N 03°01´E Ilave Puno, S Peru 16°07´S 69°40´W Iława Ger. Deutsch-Eylau. Warmińsko-Mazurskie, NE Poland 53°36´N 19°35´E Il-Bajja ta’ Marsaxlokk var. Marsaxlokk Bay. bay SE Malta Ilbenge Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 62°52´N 124°13´E Ile see Ile/Ili He Ile see Ili He Ile-à-la-Crosse Saskatchewan, C Canada 55°29´N 108°00´W Ilebo prev. Port-Francqui. Kasai-Occidental, W Dem. Rep. Congo 04°19´S 20°32´E Île-de-France r region N France Ilek see Yelek Ilerda see Lleida Ilesha Osun, SW Nigeria 07°35´N 04°49´E Îles Loyauté, Province des r province E New Caledonia Ilford Manitoba, C Canada 56°02´N 95°48´W Ilfov r county S Romania Ilfracombe SW England, United Kingdom 51°12´N 04°10´W Ilgaz Dağları m N Turkey Ilgın Konya, W Turkey 38°16´N 31°57´E Ilha Solteira São Paulo, S Brazil 20°28´S 51°19´W Ílhavo Aveiro, N Portugal 40°36´N 08°40´W Ilhéus Bahia, E Brazil 14°50´S 39°06´W Ili var. Ile, Chin. Ili He, Rus. Reka Ili. j China/ Kazakhstan see also Ili He Ilia Hung. Marosillye. Hunedoara, SW Romania 45°57´N 22°40´E Iliamna Alaska, USA 59°42´N 154°49´W Iliamna Lake c Alaska, USA Iliç Erzincan, C Turkey 39°27´N 38°34´E Il’ichevsk see Şärur, Azerbaijan Il’ichevsk see Illichivs’k, Ukraine Ilici see Elche Iliff Colorado, C USA 40°46´N 103°04´W Iligan off. Iligan City. Mindanao, S Philippines 08°12´N 124°16´E Iligan Bay bay S Philippines Iligan City see Iligan Ili He var. Ili, Kaz. Ile, Rus. Reka Ili. j China/ Kazakhstan see also Ile Ili He see Ili Iliniza l N Ecuador 0°37´S 78°41´W Ilinski see Il’inskiy Il’inskiy var. Ilinski. Permskiy Kray, NW Russian Federation 58°33´N 55°31´E Il’inskiy Ostrov Sakhalin, Sakhalinskaya Oblast’, SE Russian Federation 47°59´N 142°14´E Ilion New York, NE USA 43°01´N 75°02´W ‘Īlio Point var. Ilio Point. headland Moloka‘i, Hawai‘i, USA 21°13´N 157°15´W Ilio Point see ‘Īlio Point

IlIrska BIstrIca – Ísafjarðardjúp 109 T13 Ilirska Bistrica prev. Bistrica, Ger. Feistritz, Illyrisch-Feistritz, It. Villa del Nevoso. SW Slovenia 45°34´N 14°12´E

137 Q16 Ilisu Barajı d SE Turkey 155 G17 Ilkal Karnātaka, C India 15°59´N 76°08´E

97 M19 Ilkeston C England, United Kingdom 52°59´N 01°18´W 121 O16 Il-Kullana headland SW Malta 35°49´N 14°26´E 108 J8 Ill j W Austria 103 U6 Ill j NE France 62 G10 Illapel Coquimbo, C Chile 31°40´S 71°13´W

Illaue Fartak Trench see Alula-Fartak Trench 182 C2 Illbillee, Mount l South Australia 27°01´S 132°13´E 102 I6 Ille-et-Vilaine r department NW France 77 T11 Illéla Tahoua, SW Niger 14°25´N 05°10´E

101 J24 Iller j S Germany 101 J23 Illertissen Bayern, S Germany 48°13´N 10°08´E 105 X9 Illes Baleares r autonomous community E Spain 105 N8 Illescas Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 40°08´N 03°51´W Ille-sur-la-Têt see Ille-sur-Têt 103 O17 Ille-sur-Têt var. Ille-surla-Têt. Pyrénées-Orientales, S France 42°40´N 02°37´E Illiberis see Elne 117 P11 Illichivs’k Rus. Il’ichevsk. Odes’ka Oblast’, SW Ukraine 46°18´N 30°36´E Illicis see Elche

102 M6 Illiers-Combray Eure-et-Loir, C France 30 K12 30 J13 117 N6 74 M10 27 Y7

101 K16 101 K17

48°18´N 01°15´E Illinois off. State of Illinois, also known as Prairie State, Sucker State. r state C USA Illinois River j Illinois, N USA Illintsi Vinnyts’ka Oblast’, C Ukraine 49°07´N 29°13´E Illiturgis see Andújar Illizi SE Algeria 26°30´N 08°28´E Illmo Missouri, C USA 37°13´N 89°30´W Illurco see Lorca Illuro see Mataró Illyrisch-Feistritz see Ilirska Bistrica Ilm j C Germany Ilmenau Thüringen, C Germany 50°40´N 10°55´E

124 H14 Il’men’, Ozero c NW Russian Federation 57 H18 Ilo Moquegua, SW Peru 171 O6

112 K10 93 O16 42 F8 77 T15 117 X8

127 O10 127 O10

17°42´S 71°20´W Iloilo off. Iloilo City. Panay Island, C Philippines 10°42´N 122°34´E Iloilo City see Iloilo Ilok Hung. Újlak. Vojvodina, NW Serbia 45°12´N 19°22´E Ilomantsi Pohjois-Karjala, SE Finland 62°40´N 30°55´E Ilopango, Lago de volcanic lake C El Salvador Ilorin Kwara, W Nigeria 08°32´N 04°35´E Ilovays’k Rus. Ilovaysk. Donets’ka Oblast’, SE Ukraine 47°55´N 38°14´E Ilovaysk see Ilovays’k Ilovlya Volgogradskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 49°45´N 44°19´E Ilovlya j SW Russian Federation

121 N15 Il-Ponta ta’ San Dimitri var. Ras San Dimitri, San Dimitri Point. headland Gozo, NW Malta 36°04´N 14°12´E 126 K14 Il’skiy Krasnodarskiy Kray, SW Russian Federation 182 B2 171 Y13 118 I11 196 N13 171 Y13 32 F10

125 U9 101 O21 111 M14 164 G13

165 O12

164 K12 139 R9 149 Q2

44°52´N 38°26´E Iltur South Australia 27°33´S 130°31´E Ilugwa Papua, E Indonesia 03°42´S 139°09´E İluh see Batman Ilūkste SE Latvia 55°58´N 26°21´E Ilulissat Qaasuitsup, C Greenland 68°13´N 51°06´W Ilur Pulau Gorong, E Indonesia 04°00´S 131°25´E Ilwaco Washington, NW USA 46°19´N 124°03´W Il’yaly see Gurbansoltan Eje İlyasbaba Burnu see Tekke Burnu Ilych j NW Russian Federation Ilz j SE Germany Iłża Radom, SE Poland 51°09´N 21°15´E Imabari var. Imaharu. Ehime, Shikoku, SW Japan 34°04´N 132°59´E Imaharu see Imabari Imaichi var. Imaiti. Tochigi, Honshū, S Japan 36°43´N 139°41´E Imaiti see Imaichi Imajō Fukui, Honshū, SW Japan 35°45´N 136°10´E Imām Ibn Hāshim Karbalā’, C Iraq 32°46´N 43°21´E Imām Şāḩib var. Emam Saheb, Hazarat Imam; prev. Emām Şāḩeb. Kunduz, NE Afghanistan 37°11´N 68°55´E

139 T11 Imān ‘Abd Allāh Al Qādisīyah, S Iraq 31°36´N 44°34´E

164 F15 Imano-yama l Shikoku, SW Japan 32°51´N 132°48´E 164 C13 Imari Saga, Kyūshū, SW Japan 33°18´N 129°51´E Imarssuak Mid-Ocean Seachannel see Imarssuak Seachannel 64 J6 Imarssuak Seachannel var. Imarssuak Mid-Ocean Seachannel. channel N Atlantic Ocean 93 N18 Imatra Etelä-Karjala, SE Finland 61°14´N 28°50´E 164 K13 Imazu Shiga, Honshū, SW Japan 35°25´N 136°00´E 56 C6 Imbabura r province N Ecuador 55 R9 Imbaimadai W Guyana 05°44´N 60°23´W

61 K14 Imbituba Santa Catarina, S Brazil 28°15´S 48°44´W 27 W9 Imboden Arkansas, C USA 36°12´N 91°10´W Imbros see Gökçeada

57 K18 Independencia Cochabamba, C Bolivia

Imeni 26 Bakinskikh Komissarov see Uzboý 125 N13 Imeni Babushkina Vologodskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation

17°08´S 66°52´W

59°40´N 43°04´E

Imeni Karla Libknekhta Kurskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 51°36´N 35°28´E Imeni Mollanepesa see Mollanepes Adyndaky Imeni S. A. Niyazova see S. A.Nyýazow Adyndaky Imeni Sverdlova Rudnik see Sverdlovs’k 188 E9 Imeong Babeldaob, N Palau 81 L14 Īmī Sumalē, E Ethiopia 126 J7

57 E16 Independencia, Bahía de la bay W Peru Independencia, Monte see Adam, Mount 116 M12 Independena Galai, SE Romania 45°29´N 27°45´E Inderagiri see Indragiri, Sungai 144 F11 Inderbor prev. Inderborskiy. Atyrau, W Kazakhstan 48°35´N 51°45´E

151 I14

06°27´N 42°10´E

115 M21 Imia Turk. Kardak. island Dodekánisa, Greece, Aegean Sea Imishli see İmişli 137 X12 İmişli Rus. Imishli. C Azerbaijan

18 D14 31 N13

39°54´N 48°04´E

163 X14 Imjin-gang j North Korea/ South Korea 35 S3 Imlay Nevada, W USA 31 S9

40°39´N 118°10´W

Imlay City Michigan, N USA 43°01´N 83°04´W

23 X15 Immokalee Florida, SE USA

31 O14

39°46´N 86°09´W

11 O10 Indian Cabins Alberta, W Canada 59°51´N 117°06´W 42 G1 Indian Church Orange Walk, N Belize 17°47´N 88°39´W

26°24´N 81°25´W

77 U17 Imo r state SE Nigeria 106 G10 Imola Emilia-Romagna, N Italy 44°22´N 11°43´E 186 A5 Imonda West Sepik, NW Papua New Guinea 113 G14 59 L14 106 B10 57 E15 35 X17 28 L16 24 M9 35 Y17 79 I17 153 X14 103 P9 106 G11 115 K15

108 L7 40 F3 164 M13 65 M18 115 F20 188 H6

185 H15 57 I14 188 B17 92 L10 92 L10 92 L9 165 P11

105 X9 62 H7 115 J15 136 K9 136 I17 163 X15

161 X15 76 G7 83 M17 103 Y15 60 M10 93 H17 93 H17 40 K8

35 S10 29 X13 27 P7 20 M4 27 R4 21 R8 30 J7 197 R12

35 W2 Independence Mountains m Nevada, W USA

Country Country Capital

31 R13 172-173 29 V15

Indian Desert see Thar Desert Indian Head Saskatchewan, S Canada 50°32´N 103°41´W Indian Lake c Michigan, N USA Indian Lake c New York, NE USA Indian Lake d Ohio, N USA Indian Ocean ocean Indianola Iowa, C USA

22 K4

Indianola Mississippi, S USA

11 U16 31 O4

03°21´S 141°10´E Imoschi see Imotski Imotski It. Imoschi. Split-Dalmacija, SE Croatia 43°28´N 17°13´E Imperatriz Maranhão, NE Brazil 05°32´S 47°28´W Imperia Liguria, NW Italy 43°53´N 08°03´E Imperial Lima, W Peru 13°04´S 76°21´W Imperial California, W USA 32°51´N 115°34´W Imperial Nebraska, C USA 40°30´N 101°37´W Imperial Texas, SW USA 31°15´N 102°40´W Imperial Dam dam California, W USA Impfondo Likouala, NE Congo 01°37´N 18°04´E Imphāl state capital Manipur, NE India 24°47´N 93°55´E Imphy Nièvre, C France 46°55´N 03°16´E Impruneta Toscana, C Italy 43°42´N 11°16´E İmroz var. Gökçeada. Çanakkale, NW Turkey 40°06´N 25°50´E Imroz Adası see Gökçeada Imst Tirol, W Austria 47°14´N 10°45´E Imuris Sonora, NW Mexico 30°48´N 110°52´W Ina Nagano, Honshū, S Japan 35°52´N 137°58´E Inaccessible Island island W Tristan da Cunha Ínachos j S Greece I Naftan, Puntan headland Saipan, S Northern Mariana Islands Inagua Islands see Little Inagua Inagua Islands see Great Inagua Inangahua West Coast, South Island, New Zealand 41°51´S 171°58´E Iñapari Madre de Dios, E Peru 11°00´S 69°34´W Inarajan SE Guam 13°16´N 144°45´E Inari Lapp. Anár, Aanaar. Lappi, N Finland 68°54´N 27°06´E Inarijärvi Lapp. Aanaarjävri, Swe. Enareträsk. c N Finland Inarijoki Lapp. Anárjohka. j Finland/Norway Inău see Ineu Inawashiro-ko var. Inawasiro Ko. c Honshū, C Japan Inawasiro Ko see Inawashiro-ko Inca Mallorca, Spain, W Mediterranean Sea 39°43´N 02°54´E Inca de Oro Atacama, N Chile 26°45´S 69°54´W İnce Burnu cape NW Turkey İnce Burnu headland N Turkey 42°06´N 34°57´E İncekum Burnu headland S Turkey 36°13´N 33°57´E Incheon , Jap. Jinsen; prev. Chemulpo, Inch’ŏn. NW South Korea 37°27´N 126°41´E Incheon k (Seoul) NW South Korea 37°37´N 126°42´E Inchiri r region NW Mauritania Inch’ŏn see Incheon Inchope Manica, C Mozambique 19°09´S 33°54´E Incoronata see Kornat Incudine, Monte l Corse, France, C Mediterranean Sea 41°52´N 09°13´E Indaiatuba São Paulo, S Brazil 23°03´S 47°14´W Indal Västernorrland, C Sweden 62°36´N 17°06´E Indalsälven j C Sweden Inde Durango, C Mexico 25°55´N 105°10´W Indefatigable Island see Santa Cruz, Isla Independence California, W USA 36°48´N 118°14´W Independence Iowa, C USA 42°28´N 91°42´W Independence Kansas, C USA 37°13´N 95°43´W Independence Kentucky, S USA 38°56´N 84°32´W Independence Missouri, C USA 39°04´N 94°27´W Independence Virginia, NE USA 36°38´N 81°11´W Independence Wisconsin, N USA 44°21´N 91°25´W Independence Fjord fjord N Greenland Independence Island see Malden Island

Inderborskiy see Inderbor India off. Republic of India, var. Indian Union, Union of India, Hind. Bhārat. b republic S Asia India see Inđija Indiana Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°37´N 79°09´W Indiana off. State of Indiana, also known as Hoosier State. r state N USA Indianapolis state capital Indiana, N USA

18 K9

36 23 35 23 59

125

123 112 35 42 152 151

33°27´N 90°39´W J6 Indian Peak l Utah, W USA 38°18´N 113°52´W Y13 Indian River lagoon Florida, SE USA W10 Indian Springs Nevada, W USA 36°33´N 115°40´W Y14 Indiantown Florida, SE USA 27°01´N 80°29´W Indian Union see India K19 Indiara Goiás, S Brazil 17°12´S 50°09´W India, Republic of see India India, Union of see India Q4 Indiga Nenetskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug, NW Russian Federation 67°40´N 49°01´E R9 Indigirka j NE Russian Federation L10 Inđija Hung. India; prev. Indjija. Vojvodina, N Serbia 45°03´N 20°04´E V16 Indio California, W USA 33°42´N 116°13´W M12 Indio, Río j SE Nicaragua I10 Indira Gandhi k (Delhi) Delhi, N India Q23 Indira Point headland Andaman and Nicobar Island, India, NE Indian Ocean 6°54´N 93°54´E Indjija see Inđija

K14 N9 M8 D13

102 L8 152 G3 173 P3 149 P17 83 I24 136 I10 77 P8 114 M13

41°18´S 69°35´W

14 F16 Ingersoll Ontario, S Canada 181 W5 146 M11 97 L16 25 T14 184 K10 35 S15 101 L21 33 V9 13 R14 153 S14 25 Q11 195 X7 74 K14

41°21´N 93°33´W

129 Q13 Indo-Australian Plate tectonic feature 173 N11 Indomed Fracture Zone tectonic feature SW Indian Ocean 170 L12 Indonesia off. Republic of Indonesia, Ind. Republik Indonesia; prev. Dutch East Indies, Netherlands East Indies, United States of Indonesia. b republic SE Asia Indonesian Borneo see Kalimantan Indonesia, Republic of see Indonesia Indonesia, Republik see Indonesia Indonesia, United States of see Indonesia 154 G10 Indore Madhya Pradesh, C India 22°42´N 75°51´E 168 L11 Indragiri, Sungai var. Batang Kuantan, Inderagiri. j Sumatera, W Indonesia Indramajoe/Indramaju see Indramayu 169 P15 Indramayu prev. Indramajoe, Indramaju. Jawa, C Indonesia 155 103 102 94

79 I18 Ingende Equateur, W Dem. Rep. Congo 0°15´S 18°58´E 62 L5 Ingeniero Guillermo Nueva Juárez Formosa, N Argentina 23°55´S 61°50´W 63 H16 Ingeniero Jacobacci Río Negro, C Argentina

06°22´S 108°20´E

Indrāvati j S India Indre r department C France Indre j C France Indre Ålvik Hordaland, S Norway 60°26´N 06°27´E Indre-et-Loire r department C France Indreville see Châteauroux Indus Chin. Yindu He; prev. Yin-tu Ho. j S Asia Indus Cone see Indus Fan Indus Fan var. Indus Cone. undersea feature N Arabian Sea 16°00´N 66°30´E Indus, Mouths of the delta S Pakistan Indwe Eastern Cape, SE South Africa 31°28´S 27°20´E İnebolu Kastamonu, N Turkey 41°57´N 33°45´E I-n-Échaï oasis C Mali İnecik Tekirdağ, NW Turkey

40°55´N 27°16´E 136 E12 İnegöl Bursa, NW Turkey 40°06´N 29°31´E Inessa see Biancavilla 116 F10 Ineu Hung. Borosjenő; prev. Inău. Arad, W Romania 46°26´N 21°51´E Ineul/Ineu, Vîrful see Ineu, Vârful 116 J9 Ineu, Vârful var. Ineul; prev. Vîrful Ineu. l N Romania 47°31´N 24°52´E 21 P6 Inez Kentucky, S USA 37°53´N 82°33´W 74 E8 Inezgane k (Agadir) W Morocco 30°35´N 09°27´W 41 T17 Inferior, Laguna lagoon S Mexico

40 M15 Infiernillo, Presa del d S Mexico Infiesto see L’Infiestu 93 L20 Ingå Fin. Inkoo. Uusimaa, S Finland 60°01´N 24°05´E 77 U10 Ingal var. I-n-Gall. Agadez, C Niger 16°52´N 06°57´E I-n-Gall see Ingal 99 C18 Ingelmunster WestVlaanderen, W Belgium 50°12´N 03°15´E

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

127 O15

83 N20 83 M20

83 N17 83 N20 83 M18 117 S9 117 R10 105 Q10 54 K11

97 A17 97 B18 97 B18 97 A18 96 E13 97 A17 185 J16 21 P11 108 L7 197 O11 182 K2 92 G12 42 G3 96 F11 172 H15

109 I7 96 G8 100 J13 181 W5 11 Q15 39 O11 108 M7 79 I19

110 I10

57 K18 77 O8 77 O8 74 J10 127 O5 189 X15

43°03´N 80°53´W Ingettolgoy see Selenge Ingham Queensland, NE Australia 18°35´S 146°12´E Ingichka Samarqand Viloyati, C Uzbekistan 39°46´N 65°56´E Ingleborough l N England, United Kingdom 54°07´N 02°22´W Ingleside Texas, SW USA 27°52´N 97°12´W Inglewood Taranaki, North Island, New Zealand 39°07´S 174°13´E Inglewood California, W USA 33°57´N 118°21´W Ingolstadt Bayern, S Germany 48°46´N 11°26´E Ingomar Montana, NW USA 46°34´N 107°21´W Ingonish Beach Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, SE Canada 46°42´N 60°22´W Ingrāj Bāzār prev. English Bazar. West Bengal, NE India 25°00´N 88°10´E Ingram Texas, SW USA 30°04´N 99°14´W

Ingrid Christensen Coast physical region Antarctica I-n-Guezzam S Algeria 19°35´N 05°49´E Ingulets see Inhulets’ Inguri see Enguri Ingushetia/Ingushetiya, Respublika see Ingushetiya, Respublika Ingushetiya, Respublika var. Respublika Ingushetiya, Eng. Ingushetia. r autonomous republic SW Russian Federation Inhambane Inhambane, SE Mozambique 23°52´S 35°31´E Inhambane off. Província de Inhambane. r province S Mozambique Inhambane, Província de see Inhambane Inhaminga Sofala, C Mozambique 18°24´S 35°00´E Inharrime Inhambane, SE Mozambique 24°29´S 35°01´E Inhassoro Inhambane, E Mozambique 21°32´S 35°13´E Inhulets’ Rus. Ingulets. Dnipropetrovs’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 47°43´N 33°16´E Inhulets’ Rus. Ingulets. j S Ukraine Iniesta Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 39°27´N 01°45´W I-ning see Yining Inírida, Río j E Colombia Inis see Ennis Inis Ceithleann see Enniskillen Inis Córthaidh see Enniscorthy Inis Díomáin see Ennistimon Inishbofin Ir. Inis Bó Finne. island W Ireland Inisheer var. Inishere, Ir. Inis Oírr. island W Ireland Inishere see Inisheer Inishmaan Ir. Inis Meáin. island W Ireland Inishmore Ir. Árainn. island W Ireland Inishtrahull Ir. Inis Trá Tholl. island NW Ireland Inishturk Ir. Inis Toirc. island W Ireland Inkoo see Ingå Inland Kaikoura Range m South Island, New Zealand Inland Sea see Seto-naikai Inman South Carolina, SE USA 35°03´N 82°05´W Inn j C Europe Innaanganeq var. Kap York. headland NW Greenland 75°54´N 66°27´W Innamincka South Australia 27°47´S 140°45´E Inndyr Nordland, C Norway 67°01´N 14°00´E Inner Channel inlet SE Belize Inner Hebrides island group W Scotland, United Kingdom Inner Islands var. Central Group. island group NE Seychelles Inner Mongolia/Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region see Nei Mongol Zizhiqu Inner Rhoden former canton Appenzell. r  NW Switzerland Inner Sound strait NW Scotland, United Kingdom Innerste j C Germany Innisfail Queensland, NE Australia 17°29´S 146°03´E Innisfail Alberta, SW Canada 52°01´N 113°59´W Inniskilling see Enniskillen Innoko River j Alaska, USA Innsbruch see Innsbruck Innsbruck var. Innsbruch. Tirol, W Austria 47°17´N 11°25´E Inongo Bandundu, W Dem. Rep. Congo 01°55´S 18°20´E Inoucdjouac see Inukjuak Inowrazlaw see Inowrocław Inowrocław Ger. Hohensalza; prev. Inowrazlaw. Kujawski-pomorskie, C Poland 52°47´N 18°15´E Inquisivi La Paz, W Bolivia 16°55´S 67°10´W Inrin see Yuanlin I-n-Sâkâne, ‘Erg desert N  Mali I-n-Sâkâne, ‘Erg desert N Mali I-n-Salah var. In Salah. C Algeria 27°11´N 02°31´E Insar Respublika Mordoviya, W Russian Federation 53°52´N 44°26´E Insiaf Kosrae, E Micronesia

Administrative Regions International Airport

94 L13 Insjön Dalarna, C Sweden

60°40´N 15°05´E Insterburg see Chernyakhovsk Insula see Lille 116 L13 Însurăei Brăila, SE Romania 44°55´N 27°40´E 125 V6 Inta Respublika Komi, NW Russian Federation 66°00´N 60°10´E 77 R9 I-n-Tebezas Kidal, E Mali 17°58´N 01°51´E Interamna see Teramo Interamna Nahars see Terni 28 L11 Interior South Dakota, N USA 43°42´N 101°57´W 108 E9 Interlaken Bern, SW Switzerland 46°41´N 07°51´E

29 V2

International Falls Minnesota, N USA 48°38´N 93°26´W 18°33´N 98°29´E

45°40´N 26°02´E

22 H9 Intracoastal Waterway inland waterway system Louisiana, S USA 25 V13 Intracoastal Waterway inland waterway system Texas, SW USA 108 G11 Intragna Ticino, S Switzerland 46°12´N 08°42´E 165 P14 Inubō-zaki headland Honshū, S Japan 35°42´N 140°51´E

164 E14 Inukai Ōita, Kyūshū, SW Japan 33°05´N 131°37´E 12 I5 Inukjuak var. Inoucdjouac; prev. Port Harrison. Québec, NE Canada 58°28´N 77°58´W 63 I24 Inútil, Bahía bay S Chile Inuuvik see Inuvik 11 R8 Inuvik var. Inuuvik. Northwest Territories, NW Canada 68°25´N 133°35´W 164 L13 Inuyama Aichi, Honshū, SW Japan 35°23´N 136°56´E 56 G13 Inuya, Río j E Peru 125 U13 In’va j NW Russian Federation 96 H11 Inveraray W Scotland, United Kingdom

183 T5 96 I8 11 P16 13 R14 96 I8 23 V11 96 I9 96 K9 182 F8 173 T7 182 H10 29 R11 123 S10 83 M16 83 J17 35 T12

56°13´N 05°05´W Invercargill Southland, South Island, New Zealand 46°25´S 168°22´E Inverell New South Wales, SE Australia 29°46´S 151°10´E Invergordon N Scotland, United Kingdom 57°42´N 04°02´W Invermere British Columbia, SW Canada 50°30´N 116°00´W Inverness Cape Breton Island, Nova Scotia, SE Canada 46°14´N 61°19´W Inverness N Scotland, United Kingdom 57°27´N 04°15´W Inverness Florida, SE USA 28°50´N 82°19´W Inverness cultural region NW Scotland, United Kingdom Inverurie NE Scotland, United Kingdom 57°14´N 02°14´W Investigator Group island group South Australia Investigator Ridge undersea feature E Indian Ocean 11°30´S 98°10´E Investigator Strait strait South Australia Inwood Iowa, C USA 43°16´N 96°25´W Inya j E Russian Federation Inyanga see Nyanga Inyangani l NE Zimbabwe 18°22´S 32°57´E Inyathi Matabeleland North, SW Zimbabwe 19°39´S 28°54´E Inyokern California, W USA 35°37´N 117°48´W

35 T10 Inyo Mountains m California, W USA 127 P6 Inza Ul’yanovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 53°51´N 46°21´E

127 W5 Inzer Respublika Bashkortostan, W Russian Federation 54°11´N 57°37´E 127 N7 Inzhavino Tambovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 115 C16 164 B17 124 L4 27 Q6 115 G16

83 A16 96 F11 116 M15 35 P7 116 I13 31 Q9 121 O10

115 B17

121 O10 115 B17

52°18´N 42°28´E Ioánnina var. Janina, Yannina. Ípeiros, W Greece 39°39´N 20°52´E Iō-jima var. Iwojima. island Nansei-shotō, SW Japan Iokan’ga j NW Russian Federation Iola Kansas, C USA 37°55´N 95°24´W Iolcus see Iolkós Iolkós anc. Iolcus. site of ancient city Thessalía, C Greece Iolotan’ see Ýolöten Iona Namibe, SW Angola 16°54´S 12°39´E Iona island W Scotland, United Kingdom Ion Corvin Constana, SE Romania 44°07´N 27°50´E Ione California, W USA 38°21´N 120°55´W Ioneşti Vâlcea, SW Romania 44°52´N 24°12´E Ionia Michigan, N USA 42°59´N 85°04´W Ionia Basin see Ionian Basin Ionian Basin var. Ionia Basin. undersea feature Ionian Sea, C Mediterranean Sea 36°00´N 20°00´E Iónia Nisiá var. Iónioi Nísoi, Eng. Ionian Islands. island group W Greece Ionian Islands see Iónia Nísiá/Iónioi Nísoi Ionian Sea Gk. Iónio Pélagos, It. Mar Ionio. sea C Mediterranean Sea Iónioi Nísoi Eng. Ionian Islands. r region W Greece Iónioi Nísoi see Iónia Nisiá

Ionio, Mar/Iónio Pélagos see Ionian Sea Iordan see Yordon

Mountain Mountain Range

37°40´N 24°19´E

30°12´N 93°00´W

29 V13 Iowa off. State of Iowa, also known as Hawkeye State. r state C USA 29 Y14 Iowa City Iowa, C USA

78 K9

29 V13 Iowa Falls Iowa, C USA

127 X7

25 R4

42 G7 Intibucá r department SW Honduras 42 G8 Intipucá La Unión, SE El Salvador 13°10´N 88°03´W 61 B15 Intiyaco Santa Fe, C Argentina 28°43´S 60°04´W 116 K12 Întorsura Buzăului Ger. Bozau, Hung. Bodzafordulő. Covasna, E Romania

Volcano River

64 A12 Ireland Island South island W Bermuda Ireland, Republic of see Ireland 125 V15 Iren’ j NW Russian Federation 185 A22 Irene, Mount l South Island, New Zealand

22 G9 Iowa Louisiana, S USA

41°40´N 91°32´W

167 O7 Inthanon, Doi l NW Thailand

185 C24

137 U10 Iori var. Qabırrı. j Azerbaijan/Georgia Iorrais, Ceann see Erris Head 115 J22 Íos var. Nio. island Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea Íos see Chóra 165 U15 Īo-Tori-shima prev. Tori-shima. island Izu-shotō, SE Japan 115 I20 Ioulís prev. Kéa. Tziá, Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea

29 Y14 119 M19 59 N20 127 N13 115 C16 111 J21 54 C13 189 V14 59 A14 168 J8 187 S15 79 K14 114 L13 183 V3 97 Q20 29 O8 119 P18 9

R7

62 G3 56 G8 25 N9 79 K14 165 P16 55 Y9 60 H13 114 G12 115 J21 115 J25

115 F15 115 J25

143 O7 58 F13 85 P13 143 Q9

42°31´N 93°15´W Iowa Park Texas, SW USA 33°57´N 98°40´W Iowa River j Iowa, C USA Ipa j SE Belarus Ipatinga Minas Gerais, SE Brazil 19°32´S 42°30´W Ipatovo Stavropol’skiy Kray, SW Russian Federation 45°40´N 42°51´E Ípeiros Eng. Epirus. r region W Greece Ipel’ var. Ipoly, Ger. Eipel. j Hungary/Slovakia Ipiales Nariño, SW Colombia 0°52´N 77°38´W Ipis atoll Chuuk Islands, C Micronesia Ipixuna Amazonas, W Brazil 06°57´S 71°42´W Ipoh Perak, Peninsular Malaysia 04°36´N 101°02´E Ipoly see Ipel’ Ipota Erromango, S Vanuatu 18°54´S 169°19´E Ippy Ouaka, C Central African Republic 06°17´N 21°13´E İpsala Edirne, NW Turkey 40°56´N 26°23´E Ipsario see Ypsário Ipswich Queensland, E Australia 27°28´S 152°40´E Ipswich hist. Gipeswic. E England, United Kingdom 52°05´N 01°08´E Ipswich South Dakota, N USA 45°24´N 99°00´W Iput’ see Iputs’ Iputs’ Rus. Iput’. j Belarus/Russian Federation Iqaluit prev. Frobisher Bay. province capital Baffin Island, Nunavut, NE Canada 63°44´N 68°28´W Iqlid see Eqlīd Iquique Tarapacá, N Chile 20°15´S 70°08´W Iquitos Loreto, N Peru 03°51´S 73°13´W Iraan Texas, SW USA 30°52´N 101°52´W Ira Banda Haute-Kotto, E Central African Republic 05°57´N 22°05´E Irabu-jima island Miyakoshotō, SW Japan Iracoubo N French Guiana 05°28´N 53°15´W Iraí Rio Grande do Sul, S Brazil 27°15´S 53°17´W Irákleia Kentrikí Makedonía, N Greece 41°09´N 23°16´E Irákleia island Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea Irákleio var. Herakleion, Eng. Candia; prev. Iráklion. Kríti, Greece, E Mediterranean Sea 35°20´N 25°08´E Irákleio anc. Heracleum. castle Kentrikí Makedonía, N Greece Irákleio k Kríti, Greece, E Mediterranean Sea 35°20´N 25°10´E Iráklion see Irákleio Iran off. Islamic Republic of Iran; prev. Persia. b republic SW Asia Iranduba Amazonas, NW Brazil 03°19´S 60°09´W Iranian Plate tectonic feature Iranian Plateau var. Plateau of Iran. plateau N Iran

Iran, Islamic Republic of see Iran Iran Mountains see Iran, Pegunungan 169 U9 Iran, Pegunungan var. Iran Mountains. m Indonesia/ Malaysia Iran, Plateau of see Iranian Plateau 143 W13 Īrānshahr Sīstān va Balūchestān, SE Iran 27°14´N 60°40´E 55 P5 Irapa Sucre, NE Venezuela 10°37´N 62°35´W 41 N13 Irapuato Guanajuato, C Mexico 20°40´N 101°23´W 139 R7 Iraq off. Republic of Iraq, Ar. ‘Irāq. b republic SW Asia ‘Irāq see Iraq Iraq, Republic of see Iraq 60 J12 Irati Paraná, S Brazil 25°25´S 50°38´W 105 R3 Irati j N Spain 125 T8 Irayël’ Respublika Komi, NW Russian Federation 64°28´N 55°20´E 43 N13 Irazú, Volcán i C Costa Rica 09°57´N 83°52´W

Irbenskiy Zaliv/Irbes Šaurums see Irbe Strait 118 D7 Irbe Strait Est. Kura Kurk, Latv. Irbes Šaurums, Irbenskiy Zaliv; prev. Est. Irbe Väin. strait Estonia/Latvia Irbe Väin see Irbe Strait 138 G9 Irbid Irbid, N Jordan 32°33´N 35°51´E

138 G9 Irbid off. Muḩāfaat Irbid. r governorate N Jordan Irbid, Muḩāfaat see Irbid Irbil see Arbīl Irbīl see Arbīl 109 S6 Irdning Steiermark, SE Austria 47°29´N 14°04´E 79 I18 Irebu Equateur, W Dem. Rep. Congo 0°32´S 17°44´E 97 D17 Ireland off. Republic of Ireland, Ir. Éire. b republic NW Europe 84 C9 Ireland Lat. Hibernia. island Ireland/United Kingdom 64 A12 Ireland Island North island W Bermuda

Lake Reservoir

81 H23 81 H23 165 O16 42 L4 47 U7 58 I13 35 W9 97 H17 139 U12 147 U11 122 M13 122 M12

146 K8

21 R12 102 E6 189 X2 182 H7 14 C10 20 H10 14 I13 182 H7 30 M5 30 M4 30 J3 27 X6 31 S15 30 K4 12 H12 31 N12 164 M15 117 O4 117 O4 141 Q16 166 L6 166 K8 117 N4 116 H7 107 N18

79 P17 105 Q2

105 Q3 96 I13 21 N6 25 T6 20 K5 164 C15

28 L8 186 L8 171 O8 45 S5 45 N8 57 A18

40 I12 42 K9 35 S12 31 N2

116 M13 92 H1

45°04´S 167°24´E Irgalem see Yirga ‘Alem Irgiz see Yrghyz Irian see New Guinea Irian Barat see Papua Irian Jaya see Papua Irian Jaya Barat see Papua Barat Irian, Teluk see Cenderawasih, Teluk Iriba Wadi Fira, NE Chad 15°10´N 22°11´E

Iriklinskoye Vodokhranilishche d W Russian Federation Iringa Iringa, C Tanzania 07°49´S 35°39´E Iringa r region S Tanzania Iriomote-jima island Sakishima-shotō, SW Japan Iriona Colón, NE Honduras 15°55´N 85°10´W Iriri j N Brazil Iriri, Rio j C Brazil Iris see Yeşilırmak Irish, Mount l Nevada, W USA 37°39´N 115°22´W Irish Sea Ir. Muir Éireann. sea C British Isles Irjal ash Shaykhīyah Al Muthanná, S Iraq 30°49´N 44°58´E Irkeshtam Oshskaya Oblast’, SW Kyrgyzstan 39°39´N 73°49´E Irkutsk Irkutskaya Oblast’, S Russian Federation 52°18´N 104°15´E Irkutskaya Oblast’ r province S Russian Federation Irlir, Gora see Irlir Tog‘i Irlir Tog‘i var. Gora Irlir. l N Uzbekistan 42°43´N 63°24´E Irminger Basin see Reykjanes Basin Irmo South Carolina, SE USA 34°05´N 81°10´W Iroise sea NW France Iroj var. Eroj. island Ratak Chain, SE Marshall Islands Iron Baron South Australia 33°01´S 137°13´E Iron Bridge Ontario, S Canada 46°16´N 83°12´W Iron City Tennessee, S USA 35°01´N 87°34´W Irondale j Ontario, SE Canada Iron Knob South Australia 32°46´S 137°08´E Iron Mountain Michigan, N USA 45°51´N 88°03´W Iron River Michigan, N USA 46°05´N 88°38´W Iron River Wisconsin, N USA 46°34´N 91°22´W Ironton Missouri, C USA 37°37´N 90°40´W Ironton Ohio, N USA 38°32´N 82°40´W Ironwood Michigan, N USA 46°27´N 90°10´W Iroquois Falls Ontario, S Canada 48°47´N 80°41´W Iroquois River j Illinois/ Indiana, N USA Irō-zaki headland Honshū, S Japan 34°36´N 138°49´E Irpen’ see Irpin’ Irpin’ Rus. Irpen’. Kyyivs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 50°31´N 30°16´E Irpin’ Rus. Irpen’. j N Ukraine ‘Irqah SW Yemen 13°42´N 47°21´E Irrawaddy var. Ayeyarwady. j W Myanmar (Burma) Irrawaddy see Ayeyawady Irrawaddy, Mouths of the delta SW Myanmar (Burma) Irsha j N Ukraine Irshava Zakarpats’ka Oblast’, W Ukraine 48°19´N 23°03´E Irsina Basilicata, S Italy 40°42´N 16°18´E Irtish see Yertis Irtysh see Yertis Irtyshsk see Yertis Irumu Orientale, E Dem. Rep. Congo 01°27´N 29°52´E Irun Cast. Irún. País Vasco, N Spain 43°20´N 01°48´W Irún see Irun Iruña see Pamplona Irurtzun Navarra, N Spain 42°55´N 01°50´W Irvine W Scotland, United Kingdom 55°37´N 04°40´W Irvine Kentucky, S USA 37°42´N 83°59´W Irving Texas, SW USA 32°47´N 96°57´W Irvington Kentucky, S USA 37°52´N 86°16´W Isa prev. Ōkuchi, Ôkuti. Kagoshima, Kyūshū, SW Japan 32°04´N 130°36´E Isaak see Iisaku Isabel South Dakota, N USA 45°21´N 101°25´W Isabel off. Isabel Province. r province N Solomon Islands Isabela Basilan Island, SW Philippines 06°41´N 122°00´E Isabela W Puerto Rico 18°30´N 67°02´W Isabela, Cabo headland NW Dominican Republic 19°54´N 71°03´W Isabela, Isla var. Albemarle Island. island Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, E Pacific Ocean Isabela, Isla island C Mexico Isabella, Cordillera m NW Nicaragua Isabella Lake d California, W USA Isabelle, Point headland Michigan, N USA 47°20´N 87°56´W Isabel Province see Isabel Isabel Segunda see Vieques Isaccea Tulcea, E Romania 45°16´N 28°28´E Ísafjarðardjúp inlet NW Iceland

263

Ísafjarðardjúp – jamaare 92 H1 Ísafjarðardjúp inlet NW Iceland 92 H1 Ísafjörður Vestfirðir, NW Iceland 66°04´N 23°09´W 164 C14 Isahaya Nagasaki, Kyūshū, SW Japan 32°51´N 130°02´E 149 S7 Īsa Khel Punjab, E Pakistan 172 H7 79 K20 187 R15 79 M18 101 L24 101 M23

107 K18 107 J18 54 B12 164 K14 100 J12 95 I23 192 M14

106 E7 103 U12 103 S11 103 S12 101 F15 107 K16 165 N12 129 Q5 77 S15 147 Q11 147 R11 149 O4 92 O3

32°39´N 71°20´E Isalo var. Massif de L’Isalo. m SW Madagascar Isandja Kasai-Occidental, C Dem. Rep. Congo 03°03´S 21°57´E Isangel Tanna, S Vanuatu 19°34´S 169°17´E Isangi Orientale, C Dem. Rep. Congo 0°46´N 24°15´E Isar j Austria/Germany Isar-Kanal canal SE Germany Isbarta see İsparta Isca Damnoniorum see Exeter Ischia var. Isola d’Ischia; anc. Aenaria. Campania, S Italy 40°44´N 13°57´E Ischia, Isola d’ island S Italy Iscuandé var. Santa Bárbara. Nariño, SW Colombia 02°32´N 78°00´W Ise Mie, Honshū, SW Japan 34°29´N 136°43´E Ise j N Germany Isefjord fjord E Denmark Iseghem see Izegem Iselin Seamount undersea feature S Pacific Ocean 72°30´S 179°00´W Isenhof see Püssi Iseo Lombardia, N Italy 45°40´N 10°03´E Iseran, Col de l’ pass E France Isère r department E France Isère j E France Iserlohn NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 51°23´N 07°42´E Isernia var. Æsernia. Molise, C Italy 41°35´N 14°14´E Isesaki Gunma, Honshū, S Japan 36°19´N 139°11´E Iset’ j C Russian Federation Iseyin Oyo, W Nigeria 07°56´N 03°33´E Isfahan see Eşfahān Isfana Batkenskaya Oblast’, SW Kyrgyzstan 39°51´N 69°31´E Isfara N Tajikistan 40°06´N 70°34´E Isfi Maidān Gōwr, N Afghanistan 35°09´N 66°16´E Isfjorden fjord W Svalbard Isgender see Kul’mach Isha Baydhabo see Baydhabo

125 V11 Isherim, Gora l NW Russian Federation 127 Q5 165 P16 165 P16 165 R3 165 S16 164 K11

122 H11 127 V6 145 O9 165 Q10 165 P13 149 Q3 149 T2

147 S15

61°06´N 59°09´E Isheyevka Ul’yanovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 54°27´N 48°18´E Ishigaki Okinawa, Ishigaki-jima, SW Japan 24°20´N 124°09´E Ishigaki-jima island Sakishima-shotō, SW Japan Ishikari-wan bay Hokkaidō, NE Japan Ishikawa var. Isikawa. Okinawa, Okinawa, SW Japan 26°25´N 127°47´E Ishikawa off. Ishikawa-ken, var. Isikawa. r prefecture Honshū, SW Japan Ishikawa-ken see Ishikawa Ishim Tyumenskaya Oblast’, C Russian Federation 56°13´N 69°25´E Ishimbay Respublika Bashkortostan, W Russian Federation 53°21´N 56°03´E Ishimskoye Akmola, C Kazakhstan 51°23´N 67°07´E Ishinomaki var. Isinomaki. Miyagi, Honshū, C Japan 38°26´N 141°17´E Ishioka var. Isioka. Ibaraki, Honshū, S Japan 36°11´N 140°16´E Ishkamish prev. Eshkamesh. Takhār, NE Afghanistan 36°25´N 69°11´E Ishkāshim prev. Eshkāshem. Badakhshān, NE Afghanistan 36°43´N 71°34´E Ishkashim see Ishkoshim Ishkashimskiy Khrebet see Ishkoshim, Qatorkŭhi Ishkoshim Rus. Ishkashim. S Tajikistan 36°46´N 71°35´E

147 S15 Ishkoshim, Qatorkŭhi Rus. Ishkashimskiy Khrebet. m SE Tajikistan 31 N4 Ishpeming Michigan, N USA 46°29´N 87°40´W

147 N11 Ishtixon Rus. Ishtykhan. Samarqand Viloyati, C Uzbekistan 39°59´N 66°28´E Ishtykhan see Ishtixon Ishurdi see Iswardi 61 G17 Isidoro Noblia Cerro Largo, NE Uruguay 31°58´S 54°09´W 102 J4 Isigny-sur-Mer Calvados, N France 49°20´N 01°06´W Isikawa see Ishikawa 136 C11 Işıklar Dağı m NW Turkey 107 C19 Isili Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 39°46´N 09°06´E

122 H12 Isil’kul’ Omskaya Oblast’, C Russian Federation

81 I18 81 J18 79 O16 92 P2 123 P11 149 O2 147 Q9

114 G10 114 H10 121 Q2

264

54°52´N 71°07´E Isinomaki see Ishinomaki Isioka see Ishioka Isiolo Isiolo, C Kenya 0°20´N 37°36´E Isiolo r county C Kenya Isiro Orientale, NE Dem. Rep. Congo 02°51´N 27°47´E Isispynten headland NE Svalbard 79°51´N 26°44´E Isit Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 60°53´N 125°32´E Iskabad Canal canal N Afghanistan Iskandar Rus. Iskander. Toshkent Viloyati, E Uzbekistan 41°32´N 69°46´E Iskander see Iskandar Iskar var. Iskăr, Iskŭr. j NW Bulgaria Iskăr see Iskar Iskar, Yazovir var. Yazovir Iskŭr; prev. Yazovir Stalin. d W Bulgaria İskele var. Trikomo, Gk. Tríkomon. E Cyprus 35°16´N 33°54´E

136 K17 İskenderun Eng. Alexandretta. Hatay, S Turkey 36°34´N 36°10´E

138 H2 İskenderun Körfezi Eng. Gulf of Alexandretta. gulf S Turkey 136 J11 İskilip Çorum, N Turkey 114 J11

41 S15 119 J15 104 H14

149 U6

149 V6

149 R17 23 Y17 153 P14 18 K16 19 S4 182 H6 11 Y13

40°45´N 34°28´E Iski-Nauket see Nookat Iskra prev. Popovo. Haskovo, S Bulgaria 41°55´N 25°12´E Iskŭr see Iskar Iskŭr, Yazovir see Iskar, Yazovir Isla Veracruz-Llave, SE Mexico 18°01´N 95°30´W Islach Rus. Isloch’. j C Belarus Isla Cristina Andalucía, S Spain 37°12´N 07°20´W Isla de León see San Fernando Islāmābād a (Pakistan) Federal Capital Territory Islāmābād, NE Pakistan 33°40´N 73°08´E Islāmābād k Federal Capital Territory Islāmābād, NE Pakistan 33°40´N 73°08´E Islamabad see Anantnāg Islāmkot Sind, SE Pakistan 24°37´N 70°04´E Islamorada Florida Keys, Florida, SE USA 24°55´N 80°37´W Islāmpur Bihār, N India 25°09´N 85°13´E Islam Qala see Eslām Qal‘eh Island Beach spit New Jersey, NE USA Island Falls Maine, NE USA 45°59´N 68°16´W Island/Ísland see Iceland Island Lagoon c South Australia Island Lake c Manitoba, C Canada

29 W5 Island Lake Reservoir d Minnesota, N USA 33 R13 Island Park Idaho, NW USA 44°27´N 111°21´W Island Pond Vermont, NE USA 44°48´N 71°51´W Islands, Bay of inlet North Island, New Zealand Is-sur-Tille Côte d’Or, C France 47°34´N 05°03´E

19 N6 184 K2 103 R7

Islas de la Bahía r department N Honduras 65 L20 Islas Orcadas Rise undersea feature S Atlantic Ocean 96 F12 Islay island SW Scotland, United Kingdom 116 I15 Islaz Teleorman, S Romania 42 J3

29 V7 102 M12 97 I16 97 I16 21 X7 97 M24 191 Y3 37 R11 61 E19

137 X11

43°44´N 24°45´E Isle Minnesota, N USA 46°08´N 93°28´W Isle j W France Isle of Man p British Crown Dependency NW Europe Isle of Man island NW Europe Isle of Wight Virginia, NE USA 36°54´N 76°41´W Isle of Wight cultural region S England, United Kingdom Isles Lagoon c Kiritimati, E Kiribati Isleta Pueblo New Mexico, SW USA 34°54´N 106°40´W Isloch’ see Islach Ismael Cortinas Flores, S Uruguay 33°57´S 57°05´W Ismailia see Al Ismā‘īlīya Ismâ‘ilîya see Al Ismā‘īlīya Ismailly see İsmayıllı İsmayıllı Rus. Ismailly. N Azerbaijan 40°47´N 48°09´E Ismid see İzmit

147 S12 Ismoili Somoní, Qullai prev. Qullai Kommunizm. l E Tajikistan 75 X10 Isnā var. Esna. SE Egypt 25°16´N 32°30´E

93 K18 Isojoki Etelä-Pohjanmaa, W Finland 62°07´N 22°00´E 82 M12 Isoka Muchinga, NE Zambia 10°08´S 32°43´E

15 U4 136 F15 136 F15 114 M7

107 L26

Isola d’Ischia see Ischia Isola d’Istria see Izola Isonzo see Soča Isoukustouc j Québec, SE Canada İsparta var. Isbarta. Isparta, SW Turkey 37°46´N 30°32´E Isparta var. Isbarta. r province SW Turkey Isperih var. Isperikh; prev. Kemanlar. Razgrad, N Bulgaria 43°43´N 26°49´E Isperikh see Isperih Ispica Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 36°47´N 14°55´E

148 J14 Ispikān Baluchistān, SW Pakistan 26°21´N 62°15´E 137 Q12 İspir Erzurum, NE Turkey 138 E12

55 S9 76 M16

103 P11 103 N9 81 H22

147 X7 147 X7 149 Q7 136 D11

114 P12 114 P12

40°29´N 41°02´E Israel off. State of Israel, var. Medinat Israel, Heb. Yisrael, Yisra‘el. b republic SW Asia Israel, State of see Israel Issa see Vis Issano C Guyana 05°49´N 59°28´W Issia SW Ivory Coast 06°33´N 06°33´W Issiq Köl see Issyk-Kul’, Ozero Issoire Puy-de-Dôme, C France 45°33´N 03°15´E Issoudun anc. Uxellodunum. Indre, C France 46°57´N 01°59´E Issuna Singida, C Tanzania 05°24´S 34°48´E Issyk see Yesik Issyk-Kul’ see Balykchy Issyk-Kul’, Ozero var. Issiq Köl, Kir. Ysyk-Köl. c E Kyrgyzstan

Issyk-Kul’skaya Oblast’ Kir. Ysyk-Köl Oblasty. r province E Kyrgyzstan Īstādeh-ye Moqor, Āb-e- var. Āb-i-Istāda. c SE Afghanistan İstanbul Bul. Tsarigrad, Eng. Istanbul, prev. Constantinople; anc. Byzantium. Istanbul, NW Turkey 41°02´N 28°57´E İstanbul r province NW Turkey İstanbul Boğazı var. Bosporus Thracius, Eng. Bosphorus, Bosporus, Turk. Karadeniz Boğazi. strait NW Turkey Istarska Županija see Istra

Country Country Capital

115 G19 Isthmía Pelopónnisos, S Greece 37°55´N 23°02´E 115 G17 Istiaía Évvoia, C Greece 38°57´N 23°09´E

59 A14 Ituí, Rio j NW Brazil 79 O20 Itula Sud-Kivu, E Dem. Rep. Congo 03°30´S 27°50´E 59 K19 Itumbiara Goiás, C Brazil

05°09´N 76°42´W

55 T9

54 D9 Istmina Chocó, W Colombia 23 W13 Istokpoga, Lake c Florida, SE USA 112 A9 Istra off. Istarska Županija. r province NW Croatia 112 I10 Istra Eng. Istria, Ger. Istrien. cultural region NW Croatia 103 R15 Istres Bouches-du-Rhône, SE France 43°30´N 04°59´E Istria/Istrien see Istra 153 T15 Iswardi var. Ishurdi. Rajshahi, W Bangladesh 24°10´N 89°04´E

41 X13 123 V13 60 L7 59 C15 61 E14

Isyangulovo Respublika Bashkortostan, W Russian Federation 52°10´N 56°38´E 62 O6 Itá Central, S Paraguay

101 K18 100 I9

59 O17 Itaberaba Bahia, E Brazil

60 I11

59 M20 Itabira prev. Presidente Vargas. Minas Gerais, SE Brazil 19°39´S 43°14´W 59 O18 Itabuna Bahia, E Brazil

60 I11 92 L10

127 V7

25°29´S 57°21´W

12°34´S 40°21´W

14°48´S 39°18´W

92 L10

14°49´S 51°21´W Itacoatiara Amazonas, N Brazil 03°06´S 58°22´W Itagüí Antioquia, W Colombia 06°12´N 75°40´W Itá Ibaté Corrientes, NE Argentina 27°27´S 57°24´W Itaipú, Represa de d Brazil/ Paraguay Itaituba Pará, NE Brazil 04°15´S 55°56´W Itajaí Santa Catarina, S Brazil 26°50´S 48°39´W

119 H20

59 J18 Itacaiu Mato Grosso, S Brazil 58 G12 54 D9 60 D13 60 G11 58 H13 60 K13

25 T7 106 59 59 59 164 115 153

59

Italia/Italiana, Republica/ Italian Republic, The see Italy Italian Somaliland see Somalia Italy Texas, SW USA

32°10´N 96°52´W G12 Italy off. The Italian Republic, It. Italia, Repubblica Italiana. b republic S Europe O19 Itamaraju Bahia, E Brazil 16°58´S 39°32´W C14 Itamarati Amazonas, W Brazil 06°13´S 68°17´W M19 Itambé, Pico de l SE Brazil 18°23´S 43°21´W J13 Itami k (Ōsaka) Ōsaka, Honshū, SW Japan 34°47´N 135°24´E H15 Ítamos l N Greece 40°06´N 23°51´E W11 Itānagar state capital Arunāchal Pradesh, NE India 27°02´N 93°38´E Itany see Litani N19 Itaobim Minas Gerais, SE Brazil 16°34´S 41°27´W

59 P15 Itaparica, Represa de d E Brazil 58 M13 Itapecuru-Mirim Maranhão, E Brazil 03°24´S 44°20´W 60 Q8 Itaperuna Rio de Janeiro, SE Brazil 21°14´S 41°51´W 59 O18 Itapetinga Bahia, E Brazil 15°17´S 40°16´W

60 L10 Itapetininga São Paulo, S Brazil 23°36´S 48°07´W 60 K10 Itapeva São Paulo, S Brazil 23°58´S 48°54´W

47 W6 Itapicuru, Rio j NE Brazil 58 O13 Itapipoca Ceará, E Brazil 03°29´S 39°35´W 60 M9 Itapira São Paulo, S Brazil 22°25´S 46°46´W 60 K8 Itápolis São Paulo, S Brazil 21°36´S 48°43´W 60 K10 Itaporanga São Paulo, S Brazil 23°43´S 49°28´W 62 P7 Itapúa off. Departamento de Itapúa. r department SE Paraguay

Itapúa, Departamento de see Itapúa 59 E15 Itapuā do Oeste Rondônia, W Brazil 09°21´S 63°07´W 61 E15 Itaqui Rio Grande do Sul, S Brazil 29°10´S 56°28´W 60 K10 Itararé São Paulo, S Brazil 60 K10 154 H11 25 T7 60 D13 60 K10 115 F18 57 N15

54 H11 100 I13 31 Q8 18 H11 115 C18

79 L17

39 Q5 164 M11 15 R6 165 S17 102 M5 57 M16

22 K4 107 B17 197 Q14

60 M10 54 D8

23 N2

24°07´S 49°16´W Itararé, Rio j S Brazil Itārsi Madhya Pradesh, C India 22°39´N 77°48´E Itasca Texas, SW USA 32°09´N 97°09´W Itassi see Vieille Case Itatí Corrientes, NE Argentina 27°16´S 58°15´W Itatinga São Paulo, S Brazil 23°08´S 48°36´W Itéas, Kólpos gulf C Greece Iténez, Río var. Rio Guaporé. j Bolivia/Brazil see also Rio Guaporé Iténez, Río see Guaporé, Rio Iteviate, Río j C Colombia Ith hill range C Germany Ithaca Michigan, N USA 43°17´N 84°36´W Ithaca New York, NE USA 42°26´N 76°30´W Itháki island Iónia Nísiá, Greece, C Mediterranean Sea Itháki see Vathy It Hearrenfean see Heerenveen Itimbiri j N Dem. Rep. Congo Itinomiya see Ichinomiya Itinoseki see Ichinoseki Itkilik River j Alaska, USA Itoigawa Niigata, Honshū, C Japan 37°02´N 137°53´E Itomamo, Lac c Québec, SE Canada Itoman Okinawa, SW Japan 26°05´N 127°40´E Iton j N France Itonamas Río j NE Bolivia Itoupé, Mont see Sommet Tabulaire Itseqqortoormiit see Ittoqqortoormiit Itta Bena Mississippi, S USA 33°30´N 90°19´W Ittiri Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 40°36´N 08°34´E Ittoqqortoormiit var. Itseqqortoormiit, Dan. Scoresbysund, Eng. Scoresby Sound. Sermersooq, C Greenland 70°33´N 21°52´W Itu São Paulo, S Brazil 23°17´S 47°16´W Ituango Antioquia, NW Colombia 07°07´N 75°46´W

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

79 F18

183 N7 29 S9 14 D8 112 E8 117 T10 117 P10 113 L14 112 G11

111 H21 117 O3

39 O15 116 J7

18°25´S 49°15´W Ituni E Guyana 05°24´N 58°18´W Iturbide Campeche, SE Mexico 19°41´N 89°29´W Ituri see Aruwimi Iturup, Ostrov island Kuril’skiye Ostrova, SE Russian Federation Ituverava São Paulo, S Brazil 20°22´S 47°48´W Ituxi, Rio j W Brazil Ituzaingó Corrientes, NE Argentina 27°34´S 56°44´W Itz j C Germany Itzehoe Schleswig-Holstein, N Germany 53°56´N 09°31´E Iuka Mississippi, S USA 34°48´N 88°11´W Ivaiporã Paraná, S Brazil 24°16´S 51°46´W Ivaí, Rio j S Brazil Ivalo Lapp. Avveel, Avvil. Lappi, N Finland 68°34´N 27°29´E Ivalojoki Lapp. Avveel. j N Finland Ivanava Pol. Janów, Janów Poleski, Rus. Ivanovo. Brestskaya Voblasts’, SW Belarus 52°09´N 25°32´E Ivando var. Djidji. j Congo/Gabon Ivangorod see Dęblin Ivangrad see Berane Ivanhoe New South Wales, SE Australia 32°55´S 144°21´E Ivanhoe Minnesota, N USA 44°27´N 96°15´W Ivanhoe j Ontario, S Canada Ivanić-Grad SisakMoslavina, N Croatia 45°43´N 16°23´E Ivanivka Khersons’ka Oblast’, S Ukraine 46°43´N 34°28´E Ivanivka Odes’ka Oblast’, SW Ukraine 46°57´N 30°26´E Ivanjica Serbia, C Serbia 43°36´N 20°14´E Ivanjska var. Potkozarje. Republika Srpska, NW Bosnia and Herzegovina 44°54´N 17°04´E Ivanka k (Bratislava) Bratislavský Kraj, W Slovakia 48°10´N 17°13´E Ivankiv Rus. Ivankov. Kyyivs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 50°55´N 29°53´E Ivankov see Ivankiv Ivanof Bay Alaska, USA 55°55´N 159°28´W Ivano-Frankivs’k Ger. Stanislau, Pol. Stanisawów, Rus. Ivano-Frankovsk; prev. Stanislav. Ivano-Frankivs’ka Oblast’, W Ukraine 48°55´N 24°45´E Ivano-Frankivs’k see IvanoFrankivs’ka Oblast’

Ivano-Frankivs’ka Oblast’ var. Ivano-Frankivs’k, Rus. Ivano-Frankovskaya Oblast’; prev. Stanislavskaya Oblast’. r province W Ukraine Ivano-Frankovsk see Ivano-Frankivs’k Ivano-Frankovskaya Oblast’ see Ivano-Frankivs’ka Oblast’ 124 M16 Ivanovo Ivanovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 116 I7

165 R4

165 R8 77 S16 119 I16 42 C4 99 G18 57 J16 41 O13

40 M16 41 S16 40 K12

122 H11 164 F14 164 E14 42 E4

42 F5 143 O9 41 X12 127 Q16 99 C18 142 M9 165 T16 114 N10 127 T2

125 S7 125 S7 141 X8 117 N13 136 B14 136 C14 136 E11

57°02´N 40°58´E

Ivanovo see Ivanava 124 M16 Ivanovskaya Oblast’ r province W Russian Federation 35 X12 Ivanpah Lake c California, W USA 112 E7 Ivanščica m NE Croatia 127 R7 Ivanteyevka Saratovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 52°13´N 49°06´E

116 I4 119 H18

114 L12 114 K11 122 G9

Ivantsevichi/Ivatsevichi see Ivatsevichy Ivanychi Volyns’ka Oblast’, NW Ukraine 50°37´N 24°22´E Ivatsevichy Pol. Iwacewicze, Rus. Ivantsevichi, Ivatsevichi. Brestskaya Voblasts’, SW Belarus 52°43´N 25°21´E Ivaylovgrad Haskovo, S Bulgaria 41°32´N 26°06´E Ivaylovgrad, Yazovir d S Bulgaria Ivdel’ Sverdlovskaya Oblast’, C Russian Federation 60°42´N 60°07´E

Ivenets see Ivyanyets 116 L12 Iveşti Galai, E Romania

59 I21 196 M15

172 I6

76 L15

68 C12

45°27´N 28°00´E Ivgovuotna see Lyngen Ivigtut see Ivittuut Ivinheima Mato Grosso do Sul, SW Brazil 22°16´S 53°52´W Ivittuut var. Ivigtut. Sermersooq, S Greenland 61°12’N 48°10’W Iviza see Eivissa\Ibiza Ivohibe Fianarantsoa, SE Madagascar 22°28´S 46°53´E Ivoire, Côte d’ see Ivory Coast Ivory Coast off. Republic of the Ivory Coast, Fr. Côte d’Ivoire, République de la Côte d’Ivoire. b republic W Africa Ivory Coast Fr. Côte d’Ivoire. coastal region S Ivory Coast

Ivory Coast, Republic of the see Ivory Coast 95 L22 Ivösjön c S Sweden 106 B7 Ivrea anc. Eporedia. Piemonte, NW Italy

45°28´N 07°52´E 12 J2 Ivujivik Québec, NE Canada 62°26´N 77°49´W 119 J16 Ivyanyets Rus. Ivenets. Minskaya Voblasts’, C Belarus 53°53´N 26°45´E Iv’ye see Iwye Iwacewicze see Ivatsevichy 165 R8 Iwaizumi Iwate, Honshū, NE Japan 39°48´N 141°46´E 165 P12 Iwaki Fukushima, Honshū, N Japan 37°01´N 140°52´E 164 F13 Iwakuni Yamaguchi, Honshū, SW Japan 34°08´N 132°06´E 165 S4 Iwamizawa Hokkaidō, NE Japan 43°12´N 141°47´E

Administrative Regions International Airport

Iwanai Hokkaidō, NE Japan 42°51´N 140°21´E

165 Q10 Iwanuma Miyagi, Honshū, C Japan 38°06´N 140°51´E 164 L14 Iwata Shizuoka, Honshū, S Japan 34°42´N 137°51´E 165 R8 Iwate Iwate, Honshū, N Japan

104 M14 104 M14 105 N14 136 E11 136 E12 126 M14 109 S13 138 H9 41 P14 42 C7

165 N14 164 J14 164 I14 164 G12 192 H5 122 K6 114 G10 116 L5 117 W6

40°03´N 141°12´E Iwate off. Iwate-ken. r prefecture Honshū, C Japan Iwate-ken see Iwate Iwo Oyo, SW Nigeria 07°21´N 03°58´E Iwojima see Iō-jima Iwye Pol. Iwje, Rus. Iv’ye. Hrodzyenskaya Voblasts’, W Belarus 53°56´N 25°46´E Ixcán, Río j Guatemala/ Mexico Ixelles Dut. Elsene. Brussels, C Belgium 50°49´N 04°21´E Ixiamas La Paz, NW Bolivia 13°45´S 68°10´W Ixmiquilpan var. Ixmiquilpán. Hidalgo, C Mexico 20°30´N 99°15´W Ixmiquilpán see Ixmiquilpan Ixopo see eXobho Ixtaccíhuatal, Volcán see Iztaccíhuati, Volcán Ixtapa Guerrero, S Mexico 17°38´N 101°29´W Ixtepec Oaxaca, SE Mexico 16°32´N 95°03´W Ixtlán var. Ixtlán del Río. Nayarit, C Mexico 21°02´N 104°21´W Ixtlán del Río see Ixtlán Iyevlevo Tyumenskaya Oblast’, C Russian Federation 57°36´N 67°20´E Iyo Ehime, Shikoku, SW Japan 33°43´N 132°42´E Iyo-nada sea S Japan Izabal off. Departamento de Izabal. r department E Guatemala

Izabal, Departamento de see Izabal Izabal, Lago de prev. Golfo Dulce. c E Guatemala Īzad Khvāst Fārs, C Iran 31°31´N 52°09´E Izamal Yucatán, SE Mexico 20°58´N 89°00´W Izberbash Respublika Dagestan, SW Russian Federation 42°32´N 47°51´E Izegem prev. Iseghem. West-Vlaanderen, W Belgium 50°55´N 03°13´E Īzeh Khūzestān, SW Iran 31°48´N 49°49´E Izena-jima island Nanseishotō, SW Japan Izgrev Burgas, E Bulgaria 42°09´N 27°49´E Izhevsk prev. Ustinov. Udmurtskaya Respublika, NW Russian Federation 56°48´N 53°12´E Izhma Respublika Komi, NW Russian Federation 64°56´N 53°52´E Izhma j NW Russian Federation Izkī NE Oman 22°45´N 57°36´E Izmail see Izmayil Izmayil Rus. Izmail. Odes’ka Oblast’, SW Ukraine 45°19´N 28°49´E İzmir prev. Smyrna. İzmir, W Turkey 38°25´N 27°10´E İzmir prev. Smyrna. r province W Turkey İzmit var. Ismid; anc. Astacus. Kocaeli, NW Turkey 40°47´N 29°55´E Iznájar Andalucía, S Spain 37°17´N 04°16´W Iznajar, Embalse de d S Spain Iznalloz Andalucía, S Spain 37°23´N 03°31´W İznik Bursa, NW Turkey 40°27´N 29°43´E İznik Gölü c NW Turkey Izobil’nyy Stavropol’skiy Kray, SW Russian Federation 45°22´N 41°40´E Izola It. Isola d’Istria. SW Slovenia 45°31´N 13°40´E Izra‘ var. Ezra, Ezraa. Dar‘ā, S Syria 32°52´N 36°15´E Iztaccíhuati, Volcán var. Volcán Ixtaccíhuatal. i S Mexico 19°07´N 98°37´W Iztapa Escuintla, SE Guatemala 13°58´N 90°42´W Izúcar de Matamoros see Matamoros Izu-hantō peninsula Honshū, S Japan Izuhara see Tsushima Izumiōtsu Ōsaka, Honshū, SW Japan 34°29´N 135°25´E Izumisano Ōsaka, Honshū, SW Japan 34°23´N 135°18´E Izumo Shimane, Honshū, SW Japan 35°22´N 132°46´E Izu Trench undersea feature NW Pacific Ocean Izvestiy TsIK, Ostrova island N Russian Federation Izvor Pernik, W Bulgaria 42°27´N 22°53´E Izyaslav Khmel’nyts’ka Oblast’, W Ukraine 50°08´N 26°53´E Izyum Kharkivs’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 49°12´N 37°19´E

J

138 H4 Jablah var. Jeble, Fr. Djéblé. Al Lādhiqīyah, W Syria 112 C11 113 H14

113 M20

113 M20

111 E15

Jabłonowo Pomorskie Kujawski-pomorskie, C Poland 53°24´N 19°08´E 111 J17 Jablunkov Ger. Jablunkau, Pol. Jabłonków. Moravskoslezský Kraj, E Czech Republic 110 J9

49°35´N 18°46´E

59 Q15 Jaboatão Pernambuco, E Brazil 08°05´S 35°W 60 L8 Jaboticabal São Paulo, S Brazil 21°15´S 48°17´W 189 U7 Jabwot var. Jabat, Jebat, Jōwat. island Ralik Chain, S Marshall Islands 105 S4 Jaca Aragón, NE Spain

59 60 59 59 19 35 20 25 23 35 23 21 22 31 29 22 27 21 31 20 33 185 186

185 23 33 194 37 23 27 23 30 21 25 23 44 149 55 45 15 13

15

141 U8 138 E11 105 N11 154 J10

61°04´N 26°30´E

Jabal ash Shifā desert NW Saudi Arabia Jabal a annah var. Jebel Dhanna. Abū aby, W United Arab Emirates 24°10´N 52°36´E Jabalīya var. Jabāliyah. NE Gaza Strip 31°32´N 34°29´E Jabāliyah see Jabalīya Jabalón j C Spain Jabalpur prev. Jubbulpore. Madhya Pradesh, C India 23°10´N 79°59´E

141 N15 Jabal Zuqar, Jazīrat var. Az Zuqur. island SW Yemen Jabar see Jawa Barat Jabat see Jabwot 138 J3 Jabbūl, Sabkhat al sabkha NW Syria 181 P1 Jabiru Northern Territory, N Australia 12°44´S 132°48´E

Mountain Mountain Range

42°34´N 00°33´W Jacaltenango Huehuetenango, W Guatemala 15°39´N 91°46´W G14 Jacaré-a-Canga Pará, NE Brazil 05°59´S 57°32´W N10 Jacareí São Paulo, S Brazil 23°18´S 45°55´W I18 Jaciara Mato Grosso, W Brazil 15°59´S 54°57´W E15 Jaciparaná Rondônia, W Brazil 09°20´S 64°28´W P5 Jackman Maine, NE USA 45°35´N 70°14´W X1 Jackpot Nevada, W USA 41°57´N 114°41´W M8 Jacksboro Tennessee, S USA 36°19´N 84°11´W S6 Jacksboro Texas, SW USA 33°13´N 98°11´W N7 Jackson Alabama, S USA 31°30´N 87°53´W P7 Jackson California, W USA 38°19´N 120°46´W T4 Jackson Georgia, SE USA 33°17´N 83°58´W O6 Jackson Kentucky, S USA 37°32´N 83°24´W J8 Jackson Louisiana, S USA 30°50´N 91°13´W Q10 Jackson Michigan, N USA 42°15´N 84°24´W T11 Jackson Minnesota, N USA 43°38´N 95°00´W K5 Jackson state capital Mississippi, S USA 32°19´N 90°12´W Y7 Jackson Missouri, C USA 37°23´N 89°40´W W8 Jackson North Carolina, SE USA 36°24´N 77°25´W T15 Jackson Ohio, NE USA 39°03´N 82°40´W G9 Jackson Tennessee, S USA 35°37´N 88°50´W S14 Jackson Wyoming, C USA 43°28´N 110°45´W C19 Jackson Bay bay South Island, New Zealand E9 Jackson Field k (Port Moresby) Central/National Capital District, S Papua New Guinea 09°28´S 147°12´E C20 Jackson Head headland South Island, New Zealand 43°57´S 168°38´E S8 Jackson, Lake c Florida, SE USA S13 Jackson Lake c Wyoming, C USA J6 Jackson, Mount l Antarctica 71°43´S 63°45´W U3 Jackson Reservoir c Colorado, C USA Q3 Jacksonville Alabama, S USA 33°48´N 85°45´W V11 Jacksonville Arkansas, C USA 34°52´N 92°08´W W8 Jacksonville Florida, SE USA 30°20´N 81°39´W K14 Jacksonville Illinois, N USA 39°43´N 90°13´W W11 Jacksonville North Carolina, SE USA 34°45´N 77°26´W W7 Jacksonville Texas, SW USA 31°57´N 95°16´W X9 Jacksonville Beach Florida, SE USA 30°17´N 81°23´W L9 Jacmel var. Jaquemel. S Haiti 18°13´N 72°33´W Jacob see Nkayi Q12 Jacobābād Sind, SE Pakistan 28°16´N 68°30´E T11 Jacobs Ladder Falls waterfall S Guyana O11 Jaco, Pointe headland N Dominica 15°38´N 61°25´W Q9 Jacques-Cartier j Québec, SE Canada P11 Jacques-Cartier, Détroit de var. Jacques-Cartier Passage. strait Gulf of St. Lawrence/St. Lawrence River, Canada W6 Jacques-Cartier, Mont l Québec, SE Canada 48°58´N 66°00´W Jacques-Cartier Passage see Jacques-Cartier, Détroit de H16 Jacuí, Rio j S Brazil L11 Jacupiranga São Paulo, S Brazil 24°42´S 48°00´W G10 Jade j NW Germany G10 Jadebusen bay NW Germany Jadotville see Likasi Jadransko More/Jadransko Morje see Adriatic Sea O7 Jadraque Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 40°55´N 02°55´W I22 Jægerspris Hovedstaden, E Denmark 55°52´N 11°59´E C10 Jaén Cajamarca, N Peru 05°45´S 78°51´W N13 Jaén Andalucía, SW Spain 37°46´N 03°48´W N13 Jaén r province Andalucía, S Spain C17 Jæren physical region S Norway

42 B4

93 M18 Jaala Kymenlaakso, S Finland 140 J5

35°00´N 36°00´E Jablanac Lika-Senj, W Croatia 44°43´N 14°54´E Jablanica Federacija Bosne I Hercegovine, SW Bosnia and Herzegovina 43°39´N 17°43´E Jablanica Alb. Mali i Jabllanicës, var. Malet e Jabllanicës. l Albania/ FYR Macedonia see also Jabllanicës, Mali i Jabllanicës, Malet e see Jablanica/Jabllanicës, Mali i Jabllanicës, Mali i , Mac. Jablanica. l Albania/ FYR Macedonia see also Jablanica Jablonec nad Nisou Ger. Gablonz an der Neisse. Liberecký Kraj, N Czech Republic 50°44´N 15°10´E Jabłonków/Jablunkau see Jablunkov

61 60 100 100

105 95 56 105 105 95

Volcano River

Lake Reservoir

155 J23 Jaffna Northern Province, N Sri Lanka 09°42´N 80°03´E 155 K23 Jaffna Lagoon lagoon N Sri Lanka 19 N10 Jaffrey New Hampshire, NE USA 42°46´N 72°00´W 138 H13 Jafr, Qā‘ al var. El Jafr. salt pan S Jordan 152 J9 Jagādhri Haryāna, N India 30°11´N 77°18´E

118 H4 Jägala var. Jägala Jõgi, Ger. Jaggowal. j NW Estonia Jägala Jõgi see Jägala Jagannath see Puri 155 L14 Jagdalpur Chhattīsgarh, C India 19°07´N 82°04´E 163 U5 Jagdaqi Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China 50°26´N 124°03´E Jägerndorf see Krnov Jaggowal see Jägala

139 O2 Jaghjaghah, Nahr j N Syria 112 N13 Jagodina prev. Svetozarevo. Serbia, C Serbia 43°59´N 21°15´E

112 K12 Jagodnja m W Serbia 101 I20 Jagst j SW Germany 155 I14 Jagtiāl Telangana, C India 18°49´N 78°53´E

61 H18 Jaguarão Rio Grande do Sul, S Brazil 32°30´S 53°25´W 61 H18 Jaguarão, Rio var. Río Yaguarón. j Brazil/Uruguay 60 K11 Jaguariaíva Paraná, S Brazil 24°15´S 49°44´W

44 D5 Jagüey Grande Matanzas, W Cuba 22°31´N 81°07´W 153 P14 Jahānābād Bihār, N India 25°13´N 84°59´E

Jahra see Al Jahrā’ 143 P12 Jahrom var. Jahrum. Fārs, S Iran 28°35´N 53°32´E Jahrum see Jahrom Jailolo see Halmahera, Pulau Jainat see Chai Nat Jainti see Jayanti 152 H12 Jaipur prev. Jeypore. state capital Rājasthān, N India 26°54´N 75°47´E

153 T14 Jaipurhat var. Joypurhat. Rajshahi, NW Bangladesh 25°04´N 89°06´E

152 D11 Jaisalmer Rājasthān, NW India 26°55´N 70°56´E 154 O12 Jājapur var. Jajpur, Panikoilli. Odisha, E India 18°54´N 82°36´E Jājarm Khorāsān-e Shemālī, NE Iran 36°58´N 56°26´E G12 Jajce Federacija Bosne I Hercegovine, W Bosnia and Herzegovina 44°20´N 17°16´E Jajı see ‘Alī Khēl Jajpur see Jājapur D17 Jakalsberg Otjozondjupa, N Namibia 19°23´S 17°28´E O15 Jakarta prev. Djakarta, Dut. Batavia. a (Indonesia) Jawa, C Indonesia 06°08´S 106°45´E I8 Jakes Corner Yukon, W Canada 60°18´N 134°00´W H9 Jākhal Haryāna, NW India 29°46´N 75°51´E Jakobeny see Iacobeni K16 Jakobstad Fin. Pietarsaari. Österbotten, W Finland 63°41´N 22°40´E Jakobstadt see Jēkabpils O18 Jakupica m C FYR Macedonia W15 Jal New Mexico, SW USA 32°07´N 103°10´W P7 Jalājil var. Ğalāğıl. Ar Riyāḑ, C Saudi Arabia 25°43´N 45°22´E S5 Jalālābād var. Jalalabad, Jelalabad. Nangarhār, E Afghanistan 34°26´N 70°28´E Jalal-Abad see Dzhalal-Abad, Dzhalal-Abadskaya Oblast’, Kyrgyzstan Jalal-Abad Oblasty see Dzhalal-Abadskaya Oblast’ V7 Jalālpur Punjab, E Pakistan 32°39´N 74°11´E T11 Jalālpur Pīrwāla Punjab, E Pakistan 29°30´N 71°20´E H8 Jalandhar prev. Jullundur. Punjab, N India 31°20´N 75°37´E J7 Jalán, Río j S Honduras E6 Jalapa Jalapa, C Guatemala 14°39´N 89°59´W J7 Jalapa Nueva Segovia, NW Nicaragua 13°56´N 86°11´W A3 Jalapa off. Departamento de Jalapa. r department SE Guatemala Jalapa, Departamento de see Jalapa E6 Jalapa, Río j SE Guatemala X13 Jālaq Sīstān va Balūchestān, SE Iran K17 Jalasjärvi Etelä-Pohjanmaa, W Finland 62°30´N 22°50´E O8 Jaldak Zābul, SE Afghanistan 32°00´N 66°45´E J7 Jales São Paulo, S Brazil 20°15´S 50°34´W P11 Jaleshwar var. Jaleswar. Odisha, NE India 21°51´N 87°15´E Jaleswar see Jaleshwar F12 Jalgaon Mahārāshtra, C India 21°01´N 75°34´E W12 Jalībah Dhī Qār, S Iraq 30°37´N 46°31´E W13 Jalīb Shahāb Al Muthanná, S Iraq 30°26´N 46°09´E X15 Jalingo Taraba, E Nigeria 08°54´N 11°22´E K13 Jalisco r state SW Mexico G13 Jālna Mahārāshtra, W India 19°50´N 75°53´N Jalomitsa see Ialomia R5 Jalón j N Spain E13 Jālor Rājasthān, N India 25°21´N 72°43´E K11 Jalovik Serbia, W Serbia 44°37´N 19°48´E L12 Jalpa Zacatecas, C Mexico 21°40´N 103°W S12 Jalpāiguri West Bengal, NE India 26°43´N 88°24´E O12 Jalpán var. Jalpan. Querétaro de Arteaga, C Mexico 21°13´N 99°28´W Jalpan see Jalpán P2 Jalta island N Tunisia S9 Jālū var. Jūlā. NE Libya 29°02´N 21°33´E U8 Jaluit Atoll var. Jālwōj. atoll Ralik Chain, S Marshall Islands Jālwōj see Jaluit Atoll L18 Jamaame It. Giamame; prev. Margherita. Jubbada Hoose, S Somalia 0°00´N 42°43´E W13 Jamaare j NE Nigeria

143 R4 112

83 169 10 152 93

113 37 141 149

149 149 152 42 42 42 42

42 143 93 149 60 154

154 139 139 77 40 154 105 152 112 40 153 41

67 75 189

81 77

Jamaica – Jinzhou 44 G9 Jamaica b commonwealth republic W West Indies 47 P3 Jamaica island W West Indies 44 I9 Jamaica Channel channel Haiti/Jamaica 153 T14 Jamalpur Dhaka, N Bangladesh 24°54´N 89°57´E 153 Q14 Jamālpur Bihār, NE India 168 L9 59 I14 56 B8 99 I20 168 L12 168 K12

12 H8 63 F19 181 Q8 29 P8 21 X7 194 H4 182 I8 65 G25 35 P8 20 L7 18 D11 29 P5 20 L8 15 N10 41 Q17 95 F20 152 H6 152 I5

25°19´N 86°30´E Jamaluang var. Jemaluang. Johor, Peninsular Malaysia 02°15´N 103°50´E Jamanxim, Rio j C Brazil Jambeli, Canal de channel S Ecuador Jambes Namur, SE Belgium 50°26´N 04°51´E Jambi var. Telanaipura; prev. Djambi. Sumatera, W Indonesia 01°34´S 103°37´E Jambi off. Propinsi Jambi, var. Djambi. r province W Indonesia Jambi, Propinsi see Jambi Jamdena see Yamdena, Pulau James Bay bay Ontario/ Québec, E Canada James, Isla island Archipiélago de los Chonos, S Chile James Ranges m Northern Territory, C Australia James River j North Dakota/South Dakota, N USA James River j Virginia, NE USA James Ross Island island Antarctica Jamestown South Australia 33°13´S 138°36´E Jamestown q (Saint Helena) NW Saint Helena 15°56´S 05°44´W Jamestown California, W USA 37°57´N 120°25´W Jamestown Kentucky, S USA 36°58´N 85°03´W Jamestown New York, NE USA 42°05´N 79°15´W Jamestown North Dakota, N USA 46°54´N 98°42´W Jamestown Tennessee, S USA 36°24´N 84°58´W Jamestown see Holetown Jamet j Québec, SE Canada Jamiltepec var. Santiago Jamiltepec. Oaxaca, SE Mexico 16°18´N 97°51´W Jammerbugten bay Skagerrak, E North Sea Jammu prev. Jummoo. state capital Jammu and Kashmir, NW India 32°43´N 74°54´E Jammu and Kashmir var. Jammu-Kashmir, Kashmir. r state NW India

Jammu and Kashmīr disputed region India/Pakistan Jammu-Kashmir see Jammu and Kashmir 154 B10 Jāmnagar prev. Navanagar. Gujarāt, W India 149 V4

149 S11 93 L18 93 L18 153 Q16 94 K9 153 Q14

22°28´N 70°06´E Jāmpur Punjab, E Pakistan 29°38´N 70°40´E Jämsä Keski-Suomi, C Finland 61°51´N 25°10´E Jämsänkoski Keski-Suomi, C Finland 61°54´N 25°10´E Jamshedpur Jhārkhand, NE India 22°47´N 86°12´E Jämtland r county C Sweden Jamūi Bihār, NE India 24°57´N 86°14´E Jamuna see Brahmaputra

153 T14 Jamuna Nadi j N Bangladesh Jamundá see Nhamundá, Rio 54 D11 Jamundí Valle del Cauca, SW Colombia 03°16´N 76°31´W 153 Q12 Janakpur Central, C Nepal 26°45´N 85°55´E

59 N18 Janaúba Minas Gerais, SE Brazil 15°47´S 43°16´W 58 K11 Janaucu, Ilha island NE Brazil 143 Q7 Jandaq Eşfahān, C Iran

Japan var. Nippon, Jap. Nihon. b monarchy E Asia 129 Y9 Japan island group E Asia 192 H4 Japan Basin undersea feature N Sea of Japan 129

192

59 58 58

43

138

60 104

104 K9

30 L9 83 N20 155 J14 153 S14

112 J11 197 Q15 84 D5

44°07´N 93°43´W Janesville Wisconsin, N USA 42°42´N 89°02´W Jangamo Inhambane, SE Mozambique 24°04´S 35°25´E Jangaon Telangana, C India 18°47´N 79°25´E Jangīpur West Bengal, NE India 24°31´N 88°03´E Janina see Ioánnina Janischken see Joniškis Janja NE Bosnia and Herzegovina 44°40´N 19°15´E Jankovac see Jánoshalma Jan Mayen p constituent part of Norway N Atlantic Ocean Jan Mayen island N Atlantic Ocean

197 R15 Jan Mayen Fracture Zone tectonic feature Greenland Sea/Norwegian Sea 197 R15 Jan Mayen Ridge undersea feature Greenland Sea/Norwegian Sea

69°00´N 08°00´W 40 H3 Janos Chihuahua, N Mexico 30°50´N 108°10´W 111 K25 Jánoshalma SCr. Jankovac. Bács-Kiskun, S Hungary 46°19´N 19°16´E Janów see Ivanava, Belarus

110 H10 Janowiec Wielkopolski Ger. Janowitz. Kujawskipomorskie, C Poland

52°47´N 17°30´E Janowitz see Janowiec Wielkopolski Janow/Janów see Jonava, Lithuania 111 O15 Janów Lubelski Lubelski, E Poland 50°42´N 22°24´E Janów Poleski see Ivanava 83 H25 Jansenville Eastern Cape, S South Africa 32°56´S 24°40´E 59 M18 Januária Minas Gerais, SE Brazil 15°28´S 44°23´W

Janūbīyah, Al Bādiyah al see Ash Shāmīyah 102 I7 Janzé Ille-et-Vilaine, NW France 47°55´N 01°28´W 154 F10 Jaora Madhya Pradesh, C India 23°40´N 75°10´E

44°50´N 75°57´W

Jaráiz de la Vera Extremadura, W Spain 40°04´N 05°45´W

105 O7 Jarama j C Spain 63 J20 Jaramillo Santa Cruz, SE Argentina 47°10´S 67°07´W Jarandilla de la Vega see Jarandilla de la Vera 104 K8 Jarandilla de la Vera var. Jarandilla de la Vega. Extremadura, W Spain 149 V9

40°08´N 05°39´W

Jarānwāla Punjab, E Pakistan 31°20´N 73°26´E

138 G9 Jarash var. Jerash; anc. Gerasa. Jarash, NW Jordan 32°17´N 35°54´E 138 G8 Jarash off. Muḩāfaᶎat Jarash. r governorate N Jordan Jarash, Muḩāfaᶎat see Jarash Jarbah, Jazīrat see Jerba, Île de 94 N13 Järbo Gävleborg, C Sweden 60°43´N 16°40´E Jardan see Yordon

Jardines de la Reina, Archipiélago de los island group C Cuba 162 I8 Jargalant Bayanhongor, C Mongolia 47°14´N 99°43´E 162 K6 Jargalant Bulgan, N Mongolia 49°09´N 104°19´E 162 G7 Jargalant var. Buyanbat. Govĭ-Altay, W Mongolia 44 F7

162 I6

58 I11 141 N7 94 L13 95 O16 102 K11 110 H12 111 F16

111 O16

28°03´N 14°32´W

59 B14 Jandiatuba, Rio j NW Brazil 105 N12 Jándula j S Spain 29 V10 Janesville Minnesota, N USA

52°55´N 118°05´W

14 L13 Jasper Ontario, SE Canada

40°00´N 135°00´E Y8 Japan, Sea of var. East Sea, Rus. Yapanskoye More. sea NW Pacific Ocean see also East Sea H4 Japan Trench undersea feature NW Pacific Ocean 37°00´N 143°00´E Japen see Yapen, Pulau A15 Japiim var. Máncio Lima. Acre, W Brazil 08°00´S 73°39´W D12 Japurá Amazonas, N Brazil 01°43´S 66°14´W C12 Japurá, Rio var. Río Caquetá, Yapurá. j Brazil/ Colombia see also Caquetá, Río Japurá, Rio see Caquetá, Río W17 Jaqué Darién, SE Panama 07°31´N 78°09´W Jaquemel see Jacmel Jarablos see Jarābulus K2 Jarābulus var. Jarablos, Jerablus, Fr. Djérablous. Ḩalab, N Syria 36°51´N 38°02´E K13 Jaraguá do Sul Santa Catarina, S Brazil 26°29´S 49°07´W K9 Jaraicejo Extremadura, W Spain 39°40´N 05°49´W

34°04´N 54°26´E

64 Q11 Jandia, Punta de headland Fuerteventura, Islas Canarias, Spain, NE Atlantic Ocean

11 O15 Jasper Alberta, SW Canada

131 Y9

93 F16 147 O14

139 P2

162 K14 59 E16 118 I4 118 G5 118 H4

93 L19 14 G17 177 R8 94 M11 112 M9 112 D12

111 N17 11 U16 65 A23 194 I4 31 N15

33°49´N 87°16´W 27 T9 Jasper Arkansas, C USA 36°00´N 93°11´W 23 U8 Jasper Florida, SE USA 30°31´N 82°57´W 31 N16 Jasper Indiana, N USA 38°22´N 86°57´W 29 R11 Jasper Minnesota, N USA 43°51´N 96°24´W 27 S7 Jasper Missouri, C USA 37°20´N 94°18´W 20 K10 Jasper Tennessee, S USA 35°04´N 85°36´W 25 Y9 Jasper Texas, SW USA 30°55´N 94°00´W

11 O15 Jasper National Park national park Alberta/British Columbia, SW Canada Jassy see Iaşi 113 N14 Jastrebac m SE Serbia 112 D9 Jastrebarsko Zagreb, N Croatia 45°40´N 15°40´E Jastrow see Jastrowie 110 G9 Jastrowie Ger. Jastrow. Wielkopolskie, C Poland

Country Country Capital

34°00´N 35°45´E

25 O7 J. B. Thomas, Lake d Texas, SW USA Jdaïdé see Judaydah 35 X12 Jean Nevada, W USA 22 I9

116 E12 146 B11

17°58´S 51°45´W

58 G12 Jatapu, Serra do m  N Brazil 41 W16 Jatate, Río j SE Mexico Jateng see Jawa Tengah 149 P17 Jāti Sind, SE Pakistan 44 F6

24°20´N 68°18´E Jatibonico Sancti Spíritus, C Cuba 21°56´N 79°11´W

169 O16 Jatiluhur, Danau c Jawa, S Indonesia Jatim see Jawa Timur Jativa see Xàtiva 149 S11 Jatoi prev. Jattoi. Punjab, E Pakistan

149 U7 57 E14 41 O10 118 H10

118 I8 118 E9 153 N13 29 N8 105 R9 173 V7 59 A14 169 Q15 173 U7 143 Q10 105 T11 63 G20 113 L14 111 K20 93 J14 192 E8 169 O16

139 R3 169 P16

169 R16

81 N17 111 F14

111 J16 27 R9

153 T12 171 X14

35°45´N 115°20´W Jeanerette Louisiana, S USA 29°54´N 91°39´W Jean-Rabel NW Haiti 19°48´N 73°05´W

47°30´N 20°10´E 47°30´N 19°56´E

47°00´N 95°57´E

07°24´N 00°28´E Jāsk see Bandar-e Jāsk Jasliq Rus. Zhaslyk. Qoraqalpog‘iston Respublikasi, NW Uzbekistan 43°57´N 57°30´E Jasło Podkarpackie, SE Poland 49°45´N 21°28´E Jasmin Saskatchewan, S Canada 51°11´N 103°34´W Jason Islands island group NW Falkland Islands Jason Peninsula peninsula Antarctica Jasonville Indiana, N USA 39°09´N 87°12´W

35°56´N 39°02´E

138 G6 Jbaïl var. Jebeil, Jubayl, Jubeil; anc. Biblical Gebal, Bybles. W Lebanon

143 T12 Jebāl Bārez, Kūh-e m SE Iran Jebat see Jabwot 77 T15 Jebba Kwara, W Nigeria

111 L23 Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok off. Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok Megye. r county E Hungary Jász-NagykunSzolnok Megye see Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok 59 J19 Jataí Goiás, C Brazil

99 I19

48°31´N 99°19´E Jargalant see Battsengel Jargalant see Bulgan, BayanÖlgiy, Mongolia Jargalant see Biger, GovĭAltay, Mongolia Jarīd, Shaţţ al see Jerid, Chott el Jari, Rio var. Jary. j N Brazil Jarīr, Wādī al dry watercourse C Saudi Arabia Jarja see Yur’ya Järna var. Dala-Jarna. Dalarna, C Sweden 60°31´N 14°22´E Järna Stockholm, C Sweden 59°05´N 17°35´E Jarnac Charente, W France 45°41´N 00°10´W Jarocin Wielkopolskie, C Poland 51°59´N 17°30´E Jaromĕř Ger. Jermer. Královéhradecký Kraj, N Czech Republic 50°22´N 15°55´E Jaroslau see Jarosław Jarosław Ger. Jaroslau, Rus. Yaroslav. Podkarpackie, SE Poland 50°01´N 22°41´E Järpen Jämtland, C Sweden 63°21´N 13°30´E Jarqo‘rg‘on Rus. Dzharkurgan. Surkhondaryo Viloyati, S Uzbekistan 37°31´N 67°20´E Jarrāh, Wadi dry watercourse NE Syria Jars, Plain of see Xiangkhoang, Plateau de Jartai Yanchi c N China Jaru Rondônia, W Brazil 10°24´S 62°45´W Jarud Qi see Lubei Järva-Jaani Ger. SanktJohannis. Järvamaa, N Estonia 59°03´N 25°54´E Järvakandi Ger. Jerwakant. Raplamaa, NW Estonia 58°45´N 24°49´E Järvamaa var. Järva Maakond. r province N Estonia Järva Maakond see Järvamaa Järvenpää Uusimaa, S Finland 60°29´N 25°06´E Jarvis Ontario, S Canada 42°53´N 80°06´W Jarvis Island p US unincorporated territory C Pacific Ocean Järvsö Gävleborg, C Sweden 61°43´N 16°25´E Jary see Jari, Rio Jaša Tomić Vojvodina, NE Serbia 45°27´N 20°51´E Jasenice Zadar, SW Croatia 44°15´N 15°33´E

143 U13 Jaz Mūrīān, Hāmūn-e c SE Iran 138 M4 Jazrah Ar Raqqah, C Syria

44 L8

111 L22 Jászberény Jász-NagykunSzolnok, E Hungary

58 F11

Jargalant var. Orgil. Hövsgöl, C Mongolia

02°37´S 140°39´E Jay Dairen see Dalian Jayhawker State see Kansas 147 S12 Jayilgan Rus. Dzhailgan, Dzhayilgan. C Tajikistan 39°17´N 71°32´E 155 L14 Jaypur var. Jeypore, Jeypur. Odisha, E India 18°54´N 82°36´E 25 O6 Jayton Texas, SW USA 33°16´N 100°35´W

53°25´N 16°48´E

111 J17 Jastrzębie-Zdrój Śląskie, S Poland 49°58´N 18°34´E 111 L22 Jászapáti Jász-NagykunSzolnok, E Hungary

60 L9

138 I11 Jashshat al ‘Adlah, Wādī al dry watercourse C Jordan 77 Q16 Jasikan E Ghana 146 F6

23 O3 Jasper Alabama, S USA

171 Z13 Jayapura var. Djajapura, Dut. Hollandia; prev. Kotabaru, Sukarnapura. Papua, E Indonesia

29°29´N 70°58´E Jattoi see Jatoi Jaú São Paulo, S Brazil 22°11´S 48°35´W Jauaperi, Rio j  N Brazil Jauche Walloon Brabant, C Belgium 50°42´N 04°55´E Jauer see Jawor Jauf see Al Jawf Jauharābād Punjab, E Pakistan 32°16´N 72°17´E Jauja Junín, C Peru 11°48´S 75°30´W Jaumave Tamaulipas, C Mexico 23°28´N 99°22´W Jaunjelgava Ger. Friedrichstadt. S Latvia 56°38´N 25°03´E Jaunlatgale see Pytalovo Jaunpiebalga NE Latvia 57°10´N 26°02´E Jaunpils C Latvia 56°45´N 23°03´E Jaunpur Uttar Pradesh, N India 25°44´N 82°41´E Java South Dakota, N USA 45°29´N 99°54´W Java see Jawa Javalambre l E Spain 40°02´N 01°06´W Java Ridge undersea feature E Indian Ocean Javari, Rio var. Yavarí. j Brazil/Peru Javarthushuu see Bayan-Uul Java Sea Ind. Laut Jawa. sea W Indonesia Java Trench var. Sunda Trench. undersea feature E Indian Ocean Javazm var. Jowzam. Kermān, C Iran 30°31´N 55°01´E Jávea Cat. Xàbia. Valenciana, E Spain 38°48´N 00°10´E Javhlant see Bayan-Ovoo Javier, Isla island S Chile Javor m Bosnia and Herzegovina/Serbia Javorie Hung. Jávoros. l S Slovakia 48°26´N 19°16´E Jávoros see Javorie Jävre Norrbotten, N Sweden 65°07´N 21°31´E Jawa Eng. Java; prev. Djawa. island C Indonesia Jawa Barat off. Propinsi Jawa Barat, var. Jabar, Eng. West Java. r province S Indonesia Jawa Barat, Propinsi see Jawa Barat Jawa, Laut see Java Sea Jawān Nīnawýa, NW Iraq 35°57´N 43°03´E Jawa Tengah off. Propinsi Jawa Tengah, var. Jateng, Eng. Central Java. r province S Indonesia Jawa Tengah, Propinsi see Jawa Tengah Jawa Timur off. Propinsi Jawa Timur, var. Jatim, Eng. East Java. r province S Indonesia Jawa Timur, Propinsi see Jawa Timur Jawhar var. Jowhar, It. Giohar. Shabeellaha Dhexe, S Somalia 02°37´N 45°30´E Jawor Ger. Jauer. Dolnośląskie, SW Poland 51°01´N 16°11´E Jaworów see Yavoriv Jaworzno Śląskie, S Poland 50°13´N 19°11´E Jaxartes see Syr Darya Jay Oklahoma, C USA 36°25´N 94°49´W Jayabum see Chaiyaphum Jayanath see Chai Nat Jayanti prev. Jainti. West Bengal, NE India 26°45´N 89°40´E Jaya, Puncak prev. Puntjak Carstensz, Puntjak Sukarno. l Papua, E Indonesia 04°00´S 137°10´E

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

163 Y15 96 K13

111 L15 100 K12 29 U14 21 Q8 25 X6 30 M9 27 U5 33 R10 21 N9 35 U7 32 H12 20 L5 31 P16 33 V15 77 T13 163 X17 163 Y17 163 Y17

09°04´N 04°50´E Jebeil see Jbaïl Jebel Hung. Széphely; prev. Hung. Zsebely. Timiș, W Romania 45°33´N 21°14´E Jebel Rus. Dzhebel. Balkan Welaýaty, W Turkmenistan 39°42´N 54°10´E Jebel, Bahr el see White Nile Jebel Dhanna see Jabal a annah Jeble see Jablah Jecheon Jap. Teisen; prev. Chech’ŏn. N South Korea 37°06´N 128°15´E Jedburgh SE Scotland, United Kingdom 55°29´N 02°34´W Jedda see Jiddah Jędrzejów Ger. Endersdorf. Świętokrzyskie, C Poland 50°39´N 20°18´E Jeetze var. Jeetzel. j C Germany Jeetzel see Jeetze Jefferson Iowa, C USA 42°01´N 94°22´W Jefferson North Carolina, SE USA 36°24´N 81°33´W Jefferson Texas, SW USA 32°45´N 94°21´W Jefferson Wisconsin, N USA 43°01´N 88°48´W Jefferson City state capital Missouri, C USA 38°33´N 92°13´W Jefferson City Montana, NW USA 46°24´N 112°01´W Jefferson City Tennessee, S USA 36°07´N 83°29´W Jefferson, Mount l Nevada, W USA 38°49´N 116°54´W Jefferson, Mount l Oregon, NW USA 44°40´N 121°48´W Jeffersontown Kentucky, S USA 38°11´N 85°33´W Jeffersonville Indiana, N USA 38°16´N 85°45´W Jeffrey City Wyoming, C USA 42°29´N 107°49´W Jega Kebbi, NW Nigeria 12°15´N 04°21´E Jehol see Chengde Jeju Jap. Saishū; prev. Cheju. S South Korea 33°31´N 126°34´E Jeju-do Jap. Saishū; prev. Cheju-do, Quelpart. island S South Korea Jeju-haehyeop Eng. Cheju Strait; prev. Cheju-haehyeop. strait S South Korea

Jejui-Guazú, Río j E Paraguay 118 I10 Jēkabpils Ger. Jakobstadt. S Latvia 56°30´N 25°56´E 23 W7 Jekyll Island island Georgia, SE USA 169 R13 Jelai, Sungai j Borneo, N Indonesia Jelalabad see Jalālābād 111 H14 Jelcz-Laskowice Dolnośląskie, SW Poland 62 P5

51°01´N 17°24´E

111 E14 Jelenia Góra Ger. Hirschberg, Hirschberg im Riesengebirge, Hirschberg in Riesengebirge, Hirschberg in Schlesien. Dolnośląskie, SW Poland 50°54´N 15°48´E 153 S11 Jelep La pass N India 118 F9 Jelgava Ger. Mitau. C Latvia 56°38´N 23°47´E

112 L13 Jelica m C Serbia 20 M8 Jellico Tennessee, S USA

36°33´N 84°06´W 95 G23 Jelling Syddanmark, C Denmark 55°45´N 09°24´E 169 N9 Jemaja, Pulau island W Indonesia Jemaluang see Jamaluang 99 E20 Jemappes Hainaut, S Belgium 50°27´N 03°53´E 169 S17 Jember prev. Djember. Jawa, C Indonesia 08°07´S 113°45´E

99 I20 Jemeppe-sur-Sambre Namur, S Belgium 50°27´N 04°41´E

37 R10 Jemez Pueblo New Mexico, SW USA 35°36´N 106°43´W 158 K2 Jeminay var. Tuotiereke. Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 47°28´N 85°49´E 189 U5 Jemo Island atoll Ratak Chain, C Marshall Islands 169 U11 Jempang, Danau c Borneo, N Indonesia 101 L16 Jena Thüringen, C Germany 22 I6

109 X8 Jennersdorf Burgenland, SE Austria 46°57´N 16°08´E 22 H9 Jennings Louisiana, S USA

163 Y7

11 N7 Jenny Lind Island island Nunavut, N Canada 23 Y13 Jensen Beach Florida, SE USA 27°15´N 80°13´W 9 P6 Jens Munk Island island Nunavut, NE Canada 163 Y15 Jeonju Jap. Zenshū; prev. Chŏnju. SW South Korea

161

30°13´N 92°39´W

35°51´N 127°08´E

59 O17 Jequié Bahia, E Brazil 13°52´S 40°06´W

59 O18 Jequitinhonha, Rio j E Brazil Jerablus see Jarābulus 74 H6 Jerada NE Morocco

104 I12 Jerez de los Caballeros Extremadura, W Spain 38°20´N 06°45´W

Jergucati see Jorgucat 138 G10 Jericho Ar. Arīḩā, Heb. Yerio. E West Bank 31°51´N 35°27´E

34°45´N 112°06´W

33 O15 Jerome Idaho, NW USA

18 K14 18 F13 30 K14 104 K8 138 F10

138 G10 183 S10

60°07´N 11°10´E 153 T15 Jessore Khulna, W Bangladesh 23°10´N 89°12´E 23 W6 Jesup Georgia, SE USA 31°36´N 81°54´W

41 S15 Jesús Carranza Veracruz-Llave, SE Mexico 17°30´N 95°01´W

62 K10 Jesús María Córdoba, C Argentina 30°59´S 64°05´W 26 K6 Jetmore Kansas, C USA 38°05´N 99°55´W

103 Q2 Jeumont Nord, N France

25 V9 19 N12

113 L17 111 B18 154 F10 152 H14

149 U9 152 J13 153 O16 154 M11 149 V7 129 P9 153 T15

153 T15

50°56´N 11°35´E

Jena Louisiana, S USA

31°40´N 92°07´W 108 I8 Jenaz Graubünden, SE Switzerland 46°56´N 09°43´E 109 N7 Jenbach Tirol, W Austria 47°24´N 11°47´E 171 N15 Jeneponto prev. Djeneponto. Sulawesi, C Indonesia 05°41´S 119°42´E 138 F9 Jenin N West Bank 32°28´N 35°17´E 21 P7 Jenkins Kentucky, S USA 37°10´N 82°37´W 27 P9 Jenks Oklahoma, C USA 36°01´N 95°58´W Jenné see Djenné

Administrative Regions International Airport

42°43´N 114°31´W Jersey p British Crown Dependency Channel Islands, NW Europe Jersey island Channel Islands, NW Europe Jersey City New Jersey, NE USA 40°42´N 74°01´W Jersey Shore Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°12´N 77°13´W Jerseyville Illinois, N USA 39°07´N 90°19´W Jerte j W Spain Jerusalem Ar. Al Quds, Al Quds ash Sharīf, Heb. Yerushalayim; anc. Hierosolyma. a (Israel) Jerusalem, NE Israel 31°47´N 35°13´E Jerusalem r district E Israel Jervis Bay New South Wales, SE Australia 35°09´S 150°42´E

183 S10 Jervis Bay Territory r territory SE Australia Jerwakant see Järvakandi 109 S10 Jesenice Ger. Assling. NW Slovenia 46°26´N 14°01´E 111 H16 Jeseník Ger. Freiwaldau. Olomoucký Kraj, E Czech Republic 50°14´N 17°12´E Jesi see Iesi 106 I8 Jesolo var. Iesolo. Veneto, NE Italy 45°32´N 12°37´E Jesselton see Kota Kinabalu 95 I14 Jessheim Akershus, S Norway

95 H14

149 P16 149 R16 152 H11

153 S14 160 J7

50°18´N 04°06´E Jevnaker Oppland, S Norway 60°15´N 10°25´E Jewe see Jõhvi Jewett Texas, SW USA 31°21´N 96°08´W Jewett City Connecticut, NE USA 41°36´N 71°58´W Jeypore see Jaipur, Rājasthān, India Jeypore/Jeypur see Jaypur, Orissa, India Jezercës, Maja e l N Albania 42°27´N 19°49´E Jezerní Hora l SW Czech Republic 49°10´N 13°11´E Jhābua Madhya Pradesh, C India 22°44´N 74°37´E Jhālāwār Rājasthān, N India 24°37´N 76°12´E Jhang/Jhang Sadar see Jhang Sadr Jhang Sadr var. Jhang, Jhang Sadar. Punjab, NE Pakistan 31°16´N 72°19´E Jhānsi Uttar Pradesh, N India 25°27´N 78°34´E Jhārkhand r state NE India Jhārsuguda Odisha, E India 21°56´N 84°04´E Jhelum Punjab, NE Pakistan 32°55´N 73°42´E Jhelum j E Pakistan Jhenaida see Jhenaidaha Jhenaidaha var. Jhenaida, Jhenida. Khulna, Bangladesh 23°32´N 89°09´E Jhenaidaha see Jhenida Jhenida var. Jhenaidaha. Dhaka, W Bangladesh 23°34´N 89°39´E jhenida see Jhenaidaha Jhimpīr Sind, SE Pakistan 25°00´N 68°01´E Jhind see Jīnd Jhudo Sind, SE Pakistan 24°58´N 69°18´E Jhumra see Chak Jhumra Jhunjhunūn Rājasthān, N India 28°05´N 75°30´E Ji see Hebei, China Ji see Jilin, China Jiading see Xinfeng Jiāganj West Bengal, NE India 24°18´N 88°07´E Jiaji see Qionghai Jialing Jiang j C China

Mountain Mountain Range

160

160

161 161 161 161

161

160

74 M7 Jerid, Chott el var. Shaţţ al Jarīd. salt lake SW Tunisia 183 O10 Jerilderie New South Wales, SE Australia 35°24´S 145°43´E Jerischmarkt see Câmpia Turzii 92 K11 Jerisjärvi c NW Finland Jermak see Aksu Jermentau see Yereymentau Jermer see Jaromĕř 36 K11 Jerome Arizona, SW USA

97 L26

163

158

34°16´N 02°07´W Jerash see Jarash 75 N7 Jerba, Île de var. Djerba, Jazīrat Jarbah. island E Tunisia 44 K9 Jérémie SW Haiti 18°39´N 74°11´W Jeréz see Jerez de García Salinas, Mexico Jerez see Jeréz de la Frontera, Spain 40 L11 Jerez de García Salinas var. Jeréz. Zacatecas, C Mexico 22°40´N 103°00´W 104 J15 Jerez de la Frontera var. Jerez; prev. Xeres. Andalucía, SW Spain 36°41´N 06°08´W

97 K26

163

Volcano River

161 161 163

160

129 161 160 163

161 161 158

154 161 161 163 159 138 116 141 111

140 141 160 161 119 141 77 146

44 159

111 111

111 111 74 116 80 105 81 163

163 163 163 105

Jiamusi var. Chia-mu-ssu, Kiamusze. Heilongjiang, NE China 46°46´N 130°19´E O11 Ji’an Jiangxi, S China 27°08´N 115°00´E W12 Ji’an Jilin, NE China 41°04´N 126°07´E T13 Jianchang Liaoning, NE China 40°48´N 119°51´E Jianchang see Nancheng Jiancheng see Jianyang F11 Jianchuan var. Jinhuan. Yunnan, SW China 26°28´N 99°49´E M4 Jiangjunmiao Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, W China 44°42´N 90°06´E K11 Jiangkou var. Shuangjiang. Guizhou, S China 27°46´N 108°53´E Jiangkou see Fengkai Q12 Jiangle var. Guyong. Fujian, SE China 26°44´N 117°26´E N15 Jiangmen Guangdong, S China 22°35´N 113°02´E Jiangna see Yanshan Q10 Jiangshan Zhejiang, SE China 28°41´N 118°33´E Q7 Jiangsu var. Chiang-su, Jiangsu Sheng, Kiangsu, Su. r province E China Jiangsu see Nanjing Jiangsu Sheng see Jiangsu O11 Jiangxi var. Chiang-hsi, Gan, Jiangxi Sheng, Kiangsi. r province S China Jiangxi Sheng see Jiangxi I8 Jiangyou prev. Zhongba. Sichuan, C China 31°52´N 104°52´E N9 Jianli var. Rongcheng. Hubei, C China 29°51´N 112°50´E Q11 Jian’ou Fujian, SE China 27°04´N 118°20´E S12 Jianping var. Yebaishou. Liaoning, NE China 41°13´N 119°37´E Jianshe see Baiyü L9 Jianshi var. Yezhou. Hubei, C China 30°37´N 109°42´E Jiantang see Xamgyi’nyilha V11 Jian Xi j SE China Q11 Jianyang Fujian, SE China 27°20´N 118°01´E I9 Jianyang var. Jiancheng. Sichuan, C China 30°22´N 104°31´E X10 Jiaohe Jilin, NE China 43°41´N 127°20´E Jiaojiang see Taizhou Jiaoxian see Jiaozhou R5 Jiaozhou prev. Jiaoxian. Shandong, E China 36°17´N 120°00´E N6 Jiaozuo Henan, C China 35°14´N 113°13´E Jiashan see Mingguang F8 Jiashi var. Baren, Payzawat. Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 39°27´N 76°45´E L9 Jiāwān Madhya Pradesh, C India 24°20´N 82°17´E S9 Jiaxing Zhejiang, SE China 30°44´N 120°46´E S14 Jiayi var. Chia-i, Chiai, Chiayi, Kiayi, Jap. Kagi. C Taiwan 23°29´N 120°27´E X6 Jiayin var. Chaoyang. Heilongjiang, NE China 48°51´N 130°24´E R8 Jiayuguan Gansu, N China 39°47´N 98°14´E Jibhalanta see Uliastay M4 Jibli Ar Raqqah, C Syria 35°49´N 39°23´E H9 Jibou Hung. Zsibó. Sălaj, NW Romania 47°15´N 23°17´E Z9 Jibsh, Ra’s al headland E Oman 21°20´N 59°23´E Jibuti see Djibouti E15 Jičín Ger. Jitschin. Královéhradecký Kraj, N Czech Republic 50°27´N 15°20´E K10 Jiddah Eng. Jedda. (Saudi Arabia) Makkah, W Saudi Arabia 21°34´N 39°13´E W11 Jiddat al Ḩarāsīs desert C Oman Jiesjavrre see Iešjavri M4 Jiexiu Shanxi, C China 37°00´N 111°50´E P14 Jieyang Guangdong, S China 23°32´N 116°20´E F14 Jieznas Kaunas, S Lithuania 54°37´N 24°10´E Jīfa‘, Bi’r see Jif‘īyah, Bi’r P15 Jif‘īyah, Bi’r var. Bi’r Jīfa‘. well C Yemen W13 Jigawa r state N Nigeria J10 Jigerbent Rus. Dzhigirbent. Lebap Welaýaty, NE Turkmenistan 40°44´N 61°56´E I7 Jiguaní Granma, E Cuba 20°24´N 76°26´W T12 Jigzhi var. Chugqênsumdo. Qinghai, C China 33°23´N 101°25´E Jih-k’a-tse see Xigazê E18 Jihlava Ger. Iglau, Pol. Igława. Vysocina, S Czech Republic 49°22´N 15°36´E E18 Jihlava var. Igel, Ger. Iglawa. j Vysočina, C Czech Republic Jihlavský Kraj see Vysočina C18 Jihočeský Kraj prev. Budějovický Kraj. r region Czech Republic G19 Jihomoravský Kraj prev. Brněnský Kraj. r region SE Czech Republic L5 Jijel var. Djidjel; prev. Djidjelli. NE Algeria 36°50´N 05°43´E L9 Jijia j N Romania L13 Jijiga It. Giggiga. Sumalē, E Ethiopia 09°21´N 42°53´E S12 Jijona var. Xixona. Valenciana, E Spain 38°34´N 00°29´W L18 Jilib It. Gelib. Jubbada Dhexe, S Somalia 0°18´N 42°48´E W10 Jilin var. Chi-lin, Girin, Kirin; prev. Yungki, Yunki. Jilin, NE China 43°46´N 126°32´E W10 Jilin var. Chi-lin, Girin, Ji, Jilin Sheng, Kirin. r province NE China W11 Jilin Hada Ling m NE China Jilin Sheng see Jilin S4 Jiliu He j NE China Q6 Jiloca j N Spain

Lake Reservoir

161 T12 Jilong var. Keelung, Jap. Kirun, Kirun’, prev. Chilung, prev. Sp. Santissima Trinidad. N Taiwan 25°10´N 121°43´E 81 I14 Jīma var. Jimma, It. Gimma. Oromīya, C Ethiopia 07°42´N 36°51´E

44 M9 Jimaní W Dominican Republic 18°29´N 71°49´W 116 E11 Jimbolia Ger. Hatzfeld, Hung. Zsombolya. Timiș, W Romania 45°47´N 20°43´E 104 K16 Jimena de la Frontera Andalucía, S Spain 36°27´N 05°28´W

Jiménez Chihuahua, N Mexico 27°09´N 104°54´W 41 N5 Jiménez Coahuila, NE Mexico 29°05´N 100°40´W 41 P9 Jiménez var. Santander Jiménez. Tamaulipas, C Mexico 24°11´N 98°29´W 40 L10 Jiménez del Teul Zacatecas, C Mexico 23°13´N 103°46´W 77 Y14 Jimeta Adamawa, E Nigeria 40 K7

09°16´N 12°25´E

Jimma see Jīma 158 M5 Jimsar Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 44°05´N 88°48´E

18 I14 Jim Thorpe Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°51´N 75°43´W Jin see Shanxi Jin see Tianjin Shi 161 P5 Jinan var. Chinan, Chinan, Tsinan. province capital Shandong, E China

36°43´N 116°58´E Jin’an see Songpan Jinbi see Dayao 159 T8 Jinchang Gansu, N China 38°31´N 102°07´E 161 N5 Jincheng Shanxi, C China 35°30´N 112°52´E Jincheng see Wuding Jinchengjiang see Hechi 152 I9 Jīnd prev. Jhind. Haryāna, NW India 29°29´N 76°22´E 183 Q11 Jindabyne New South Wales, SE Australia 36°28´S 148°36´E 163 X17 Jin-do Jap. Chin-tō; prev. Chin-do. island SW South Korea

111 O18 Jindřichův Hradec Ger. Neuhaus. Jihočeský Kraj, S Czech Republic

159 161 161 161 158 160 160 160 163 160 159 160

163 159 160 160

49°09´N 15°01´E Jing see Beijing Shi Jing see Jinghe, China X10 Jingchuan Gansu, C China 35°20´N 107°45´E Q10 Jingdezhen Jiangxi, S China 29°18´N 117°18´E O12 Jinggangshan Jiangxi, S China 26°36´N 114°11´E P3 Jinghai Tianjin Shi, E China 38°53´N 116°45´E I4 Jinghe var. Jing. Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 44°35´N 82°55´E K6 Jing He j C China F15 Jinghong var. Yunjinghong. Yunnan, SW China 22°03´N 100°56´E M9 Jingmen Hubei, C China 30°58´N 112°09´E X10 Jingpo Hu c NE China M8 Jing Shan m C China V9 Jingtai var. Yitiaoshan. Gansu, C China 37°12´N 104°06´E J14 Jingxi var. Xinjing. Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, S China 23°10´N 106°22´E Jing Xian see Jingzhou, Hunan, China W11 Jingyu Jilin, NE China 42°23´N 126°48´E V10 Jingyuan var. Wulan. Gansu, C China 36°35´N 104°40´E M9 Jingzhou prev. Shashi, Shashih, Shasi. Hubei, C China 30°21´N 112°09´E L12 Jingzhou var. Jing Xian, Jingzhou Miaouzu Dongzu Zizhixian, Quyang. Hunan, S China 26°35´N 109°40´E

Jingzhou Miaouzu Dongzu Zizhixian see Jingzhou 163 Z16 Jinhae Jap. Chinkai; prev. Chinhae. S South Korea 35°06´N 128°48´E

Jinhe see Jinping 161 R10 Jinhua Zhejiang, SE China 29°15´N 119°36´E

161 P5

Jinhuan see Jianchuan Jining Shandong, E China 35°25´N 116°35´E

Jining see Ulan Qab 81 G18 Jinja S Uganda 0°27´N 33°14´E 161 R13 Jinjiang var. Qingyang. Fujian, SE China 24°53´N 118°36´E

161 O11 Jin Jiang j S China Jinjiang see Chengmai 163 Y16 Jinju prev. Chinju, Jap. Shinshū. S South Korea 35°12´N 128°06´E

171 V15 Jin, Kepulauan island group E Indonesia 161 R13 Jinmen Dao var. Chinmen Tao, Quemoy. island W Taiwan 42 J9 Jinotega Jinotega, NW Nicaragua 13°03´N 85°59´W

Jinotega r department N Nicaragua 42 J11 Jinotepe Carazo, SW Nicaragua 11°50´N 86°10´W 160 L13 Jinping var. Sanjiang. Guizhou, S China 42 K7

26°42´N 109°13´E

160 H14 Jinping var. Jinhe. Yunnan, SW China 22°47´N 103°12´E Jinsen see Incheon 160 J11 Jinsha Guizhou, S China 27°24´N 106°16´E

160 M10 Jinshi Hunan, S China 29°42´N 111°46´E

162 I9

Jinshi see Xinning Jinst var. Bodī. Bayanhongor, C Mongolia

45°25´N 100°33´E Jinta Gansu, N China 40°01´N 98°57´E 161 Q12 Jin Xi j SE China Jinxi see Huludao Jinxian see Jinzhou 161 P6 Jinxiang Shandong, E China 35°08´N 116°19´E 161 P8 Jinzhai var. Meishan. Anhui, E China 31°42´N 115°47´E 161 N4 Jinzhong var. Yuci. Shanxi, C China 37°34´N 112°45´E 163 T12 Jinzhou var. Chin-chou, Chinchow; prev. Chinhsien. Liaoning, NE China 41°07´N 121°06´E

159 R7

265

Jinzhou – Kâhta 163 U14 Jinzhou prev. Jinxian. Liaoning, NE China 138 47 56 42 147 75 111 143 81 160

116 116 161 161 161 160 161 161 159 160 163 160 160 186 148 163 163 160

141 141 140 164 141 147 147 60 76 76

59 25 62

39°04´N 121°45´E Jinzhu see Daocheng H12 Jinz, Qā‘ al c C Jordan S8 Jiparaná, Rio j W Brazil A7 Jipijapa Manabí, W Ecuador 01°23´S 80°35´W F8 Jiquilisco Usulután, S El Salvador 13°19´N 88°35´W Jirgalanta see Hovd S12 Jirgatol Rus. Dzhirgatal’. C Tajikistan 39°13´N 71°09´E X10 Jirjā var. Girga, Girgeh, Jirjā. C Egypt 26°17´N 31°58´E Jirjā see Jirjā B15 Jirkov Ger. Görkau. Ústecký Kraj, NW Czech Republic 50°30´N 13°27´E T12 Jīroft var. Sabzawaran, Sabzvārān. Kermān, SE Iran 28°40´N 57°40´E P14 Jirriiban Mudug, E Somalia 07°15´N 48°55´E L11 Jishou Hunan, S China 28°20´N 109°43´E Jisr ash Shadadi see Ash Shadādah I14 Jitaru Olt, S Romania 44°27´N 24°32´E Jitschin see Jičín H14 Jiu Ger. Schil, Schyl, Hung. Zsil, Zsily. j S Romania R11 Jiufeng Shan m SE China P9 Jiujiang Jiangxi, S China 29°45´N 115°59´E O10 Jiuling Shan m S China G10 Jiulong var. Garba, Tib. Gyaisi. Sichuan, C China 29°00´N 101°30´E Q13 Jiulong Jiang j SE China Q12 Jiulong Xi j SE China R8 Jiuquan var. Suzhou. Gansu, N China 39°47´N 98°30´E K17 Jiusuo Hainan, S China 18°25´N 109°55´E W10 Jiutai Jilin, NE China 44°01´N 125°51´E K13 Jiuwan Dashan m S China I7 Jiuzhaigou var. Nongle; prev. Nanping. Sichuan, C China 33°25´N 104°05´E C7 Jiwaka r province C Papua New Guinea I16 Jīwani Baluchistān, SW Pakistan 25°05´N 61°46´E Y8 Jixi Heilongjiang, NE China 45°17´N 131°01´E Y7 Jixian var. Fuli. Heilongjiang, NE China 46°38´N 131°04´E M5 Jixian var. Ji Xian. Shanxi, C China 36°15´N 110°41´E Ji Xian see Jixian Jiza see Al Jīzah N13 Jīzān var. Qīzān. Jīzān, SW Saudi Arabia 17°50´N 42°50´E N13 Jīzān var. Minţaqat Jīzān. r province SW Saudi Arabia Jīzān, Minţaqat see Jīzān K6 Jizl, Wādī al dry watercourse W Saudi Arabia H12 Jizō-zaki headland Honshū, SW Japan 35°34´N 133°16´E U14 Jiz‘, Wādī al dry watercourse E Yemen O11 Jizzax Rus. Dzhizak. Jizzax Viloyati, C Uzbekistan 40°08´N 67°47´E N10 Jizzax Viloyati Rus. Dzhizakskaya Oblast’. r province C Uzbekistan I13 Joaçaba Santa Catarina, S Brazil 27°08´S 51°30´W Joal see Joal-Fadiout F11 Joal-Fadiout prev. Joal. W Senegal 14°09´N 16°50´W E10 João Barrosa Boa Vista, E Cape Verde 16°01´N 22°44´W João Belo see Xai-Xai João de Almeida see Chibia Q15 João Pessoa prev. Paraíba. state capital Paraíba, E Brazil 07°06´S 34°53´W X7 Joaquin Texas, SW USA 31°58´N 94°03´W K6 Joaquín V. González Salta, N Argentina 25°06´S 64°07´W Joazeiro see Juazeiro Job’urg see Johannesburg

109 O7 Jochberger Ache j W Austria Jo-ch’iang see Ruoqiang 92 K12 Jock Norrbotten, N Sweden 42 I5 105 O13 152 F12 99 I19 93 O16 37 W4 191 Z3 165 N11 83 M18 153 R12 118 I5 118 I4

155 E18 143 S4 153 U12 152 I7

164 L11 83 J21

35 T13 149 P14 55 T13

266

66°40´N 22°45´E

Jocón Yoro, N Honduras

15°17´N 86°55´W Jódar Andalucía, S Spain 37°51´N 03°18´W Jodhpur Rājasthān, NW India 26°17´N 73°02´E Jodoigne Walloon Brabant, C Belgium 50°43´N 04°52´E Joensuu Pohjois-Karjala, SE Finland 62°36´N 29°45´E Joes Colorado, C USA 39°36´N 102°40´W Joe’s Hill hill Kiritimati, NE Kiribati Jōetsu var. Zyôetu. Niigata, Honshū, C Japan 37°09´N 138°13´E Jofane Inhambane, S Mozambique 21°16´S 34°21´E Jogbani Bihār, NE India 26°23´N 87°16´E Jõgeva Ger. Laisholm. Jõgevamaa, E Estonia 58°48´N 26°28´E Jõgevamaa off. Jõgeva Maakond. r province E Estonia Jõgeva Maakond see Jõgevamaa Jog Falls Waterfall Karnātaka, W India Joghatāy Khorāsān-e Raẕavī, NE Iran 36°34´N 57°00´E Jogīghopa Assam, NE India 26°14´N 90°35´E Jogindarnagar Himāchal Pradesh, N India 31°51´N 76°47´E Jogjakarta see Yogyakarta Jōhana Toyama, Honshū, SW Japan 36°30´N 136°53´E Johannesburg var. Egoli, Erautini, Gauteng, abbrev. Job’urg. Gauteng, NE South Africa 26°10´S 28°02´E Johannesburg California, W USA 35°20´N 117°37´W Johannisburg see Pisz Johi Sind, SE Pakistan 26°46´N 67°28´E Johi Village S Guyana 01°48´N 58°33´W

45 W10 John A. Osborne k (Plymouth) E Montserrat 16°45´N 62°09´W 32 K13 John Day Oregon, NW USA 44°25´N 118°57´W 32 I11 John Day River j Oregon, NW USA 18 L14 John F Kennedy k (New York) Long Island, New York, NE USA 40°39´N 73°45´W 21 V8 John H. Kerr Reservoir var. Buggs Island Lake, Kerr Lake. d North Carolina/Virginia, SE USA

John Martin Reservoir d Colorado, C USA 96 K6 John o’Groats N Scotland, United Kingdom 37 V6

58°38´N 03°03´W

John Redmond Reservoir d Kansas, C USA 39 Q7 John River j Alaska, USA 26 H6 Johnson Kansas, C USA 27 P5

37°33´N 101°46´W 18 M7 Johnson Vermont, NE USA 44°39´N 72°40´W 18 D13 Johnsonburg Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°28´N 78°37´W 18 H11 Johnson City New York, NE USA 42°06´N 75°54´W

21 P8

25 R10 35 S12 10 I8 21 T13 21 Q13 192 M6 175 Q3 30 L17 180 K12 31 S13 18 D15 168 L10

168 K10

118 K3 103 P7 60 K12 103 R6 194 H3 41 O15

92 I12 92 L2 92 K2 30 M11 15 O11 171 O8 94 D11 169 S16 159 R14 118 G13 146 L11 159 V11 27 X9 23 S4 30 L17 22 H5 21 P8 19 T6 0

J4

22 I6 31 Q10 21 Q11 146 K10 81 F14 81 F14 81 F14 118 F11 118 F10 95 L19 95 K20 15 Q7 41 V15 102 K12 27 R7 33 W8

Johnson City Tennessee, S USA 36°18´N 82°21´W Johnson City Texas, SW USA 30°17´N 98°27´W Johnsondale California, W USA 35°58´N 118°32´W Johnsons Crossing Yukon, W Canada 60°30´N 133°15´W Johnsonville South Carolina, SE USA 33°50´N 79°26´W Johnston South Carolina, SE USA 33°49´N 81°48´W Johnston Atoll p US unincorporated territory C Pacific Ocean Johnston Atoll atoll C Pacific Ocean Johnston City Illinois, N USA 37°49´N 88°55´W Johnston, Lake salt lake Western Australia Johnstown Ohio, N USA 40°08´N 82°39´W Johnstown Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°20´N 78°56´W Johor var. Johore. r state Peninsular Malaysia Johor Baharu see Johor Bahru Johor Bahru var. Johor Baharu, Johore Bahru. Johor, Peninsular Malaysia 01°29´N 103°44´E Johore see Johor Johore Bahru see Johor Bahru Jõhvi Ger. Jewe. IdaVirumaa, NE Estonia 59°21´N 27°25´E Joigny Yonne, C France 47°58´N 03°24´E Joinvile see Joinville Joinville var. Joinvile. Santa Catarina, S Brazil 26°20´S 48°55´W Joinville Haute-Marne, N France 48°26´N 05°07´E Joinville Island island Antarctica Jojutla var. Jojutla de Juárez. Morelos, S Mexico 18°38´N 99°10´W Jojutla de Juárez see Jojutla Jokkmokk Lapp. Dálvvadis. Norrbotten, N Sweden 66°35´N 19°57´E Jökuldalur j E Iceland Jökulsá á Fjöllum j NE Iceland Jokyakarta see Yogyakarta Joliet Illinois, N USA 41°33´N 88°05´W Joliette Québec, SE Canada 46°02´N 73°27´W Jolo Jolo Island, SW Philippines 06°02´N 121°00´E Jølstervatnet c S Norway Jombang prev. Djombang. Jawa, S Indonesia 07°33´S 112°14´E Jomda Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 31°26´N 98°09´E Jonava Ger. Janow, Pol. Janów. Kaunas, C Lithuania 55°05´N 24°19´E Jondor Rus. Zhondor. Buxoro Viloyati, C Uzbekistan 39°46´N 64°11´E Jonê var. Liulin. Gansu, C China 34°36´N 103°39´E Jonesboro Arkansas, C USA 35°50´N 90°42´W Jonesboro Georgia, SE USA 33°31´N 84°21´W Jonesboro Illinois, N USA 37°25´N 89°19´W Jonesboro Louisiana, S USA 32°14´N 92°43´W Jonesboro Tennessee, S USA 36°17´N 82°28´W Jonesport Maine, NE USA 44°33´N 67°35´W Jones Sound channel Nunavut, N Canada Jonesville Louisiana, S USA 31°37´N 91°49´W Jonesville Michigan, N USA 41°58´N 84°39´W Jonesville South Carolina, SE USA 34°49´N 81°38´W Jongeldi Rus. Dzhankel’dy. Buxoro Viloyati, C Uzbekistan 40°50´N 63°16´E Jonglei Jonglei, E South Sudan 06°54´N 31°19´E Jonglei var. Gongoleh State. r state E South Sudan Jonglei Canal canal E South Sudan Joniškėlis Panevėžys, N Lithuania 56°02´N 24°10´E Joniškis Ger. Janischken. Šiaulai, N Lithuania 56°15´N 23°36´E Jönköping Jönköping, S Sweden 57°45´N 14°10´E Jönköping r county S Sweden Jonquière Québec, SE Canada 48°25´N 71°16´W Jonuta Tabasco, SE Mexico 18°04´N 92°03´W Jonzac Charente-Maritime, W France 45°26´N 00°25´W Joplin Missouri, C USA 37°04´N 94°31´W Jordan Montana, NW USA 47°18´N 106°54´W

Country Country Capital

138 H12 Jordan off. Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Ar. Al Mamlaka al Urdunīya al Hashemīyah, Al Urdunn; prev. Transjordan. b monarchy SW Asia 138 G9 Jordan Ar. Urdunn, Heb. HaYarden. j SW Asia Jordan Lake see B. Everett Jordan Reservoir 111 K17 Jordanów Małopolskie, S Poland 49°39´N 19°51´E 32 M15 Jordan Valley Oregon, NW USA 42°59´N 117°03´W 138 G9 Jordan Valley valley N Israel 57 D15 Jorge Chávez Internacional var. Lima. k (Lima) Lima, W Peru 12°07´S 77°01´W 113 L23 Jorgucat var. Jergucati, Jorgucati. Gjirokastër, S Albania 39°57´N 20°14´E Jorgucati see Jorgucat 153 X12 Jorhāt Assam, NE India 93 37 93 95 77 171

61

26°45´N 94°09´E J14 Jörn Västerbotten, N Sweden 65°03´N 20°04´E R14 Jornada Del Muerto valley New Mexico, SW USA N17 Joroinen Etelä-Savo, E Finland 62°11´N 27°50´E C16 Jørpeland Rogaland, S Norway 59°01´N 06°04´E W14 Jos Plateau, C Nigeria 09°59´N 08°57´E Q8 Jose Abad Santos var. Trinidad. Mindanao, S Philippines 05°51´N 125°35´E F19 José Batlle y Ordóñez var. Batlle y Ordóñez. Florida, C Uruguay 33°28´S 55°08´W

63 H18 José de San Martín Chubut, S Argentina 44°04´S 70°29´W

61 E19 José Enrique Rodó var. Rodó, José E.Rodo; prev. Drabble, Drable. Soriano, SW Uruguay 33°43´S 57°33´W José E.Rodo see José Enrique Rodó Josefsdorf see Žabalj 44 C4 José Martí k (La Habana) Cuidad de La Habana, N Cuba 23°03´N 82°22´W

61 F19 José Pedro Varela var. José P.Varela. Lavalleja, S Uruguay 33°30´S 54°28´W

181 N2 Joseph Bonaparte Gulf gulf N Australia 37 N11 Joseph City Arizona, SW USA 34°56´N 110°18´W 13 O9 Joseph, Lake c Newfoundland and Labrador, E Canada 14 G13 Joseph, Lake c Ontario, S Canada 186 C6 Josephstaal Madang, N Papua New Guinea

59 J14 152 K9 25 T7 35 V15 77 V14 102 H6

94 E11 94 F12 138 G7 25 R13 98 L7 93 M18 93 N18 92 M12

04°42´S 144°55´E José P.Varela see José Pedro Varela José Rodrigues Pará, N Brazil 05°45´S 51°20´W Joshīmath Uttarakhand, N India 30°33´N 79°35´E Joshua Texas, SW USA 32°27´N 97°23´W Joshua Tree California, W USA 34°07´N 116°18´W Jos Plateau plateau C Nigeria Josselin Morbihan, NW France 47°57´N 02°35´W Jos Sudarso see Yos Sudarso, Pulau Jostedalsbreen glacier S Norway Jotunheimen m S Norway Joûnié var. Junīyah. W Lebanon 33°54´N 33°36´E Jourdanton Texas, SW USA 28°55´N 98°34´W Joure Fris. De Jouwer. Fryslân, N Netherlands 52°58´N 05°48´E Joutsa Keski-Suomi, C Finland 61°46´N 26°09´E Joutseno Etelä-Karjala, SE Finland 61°06´N 28°30´E Joutsijärvi Lappi, NE Finland 66°40´N 28°00´E

Joux, Lac de c W Switzerland Jovakān see Jowkān 44 D5 Jovellanos Matanzas, W Cuba 22°49´N 81°11´W 153 V13 Jowai Meghālaya, NE India 108 A9

25°25´N 92°21´E Jōwat see Jabwot Jowhar see Jawhar 143 O12 Jowkān var. Jovakān. Fārs, S Iran Jowzam see Javazm 149 N2 Jowzjān r province N Afghanistan Joypurhat see Jaipurhat Józseffalva see Žabalj

45 T6 40 L9 0

E9

32 F7

193 S11 55 O4 56 D11 93 N16

61 E20

62 L5 63 F21 59 H16 41 N7

J.Storm Thurmond Reservoir see Clark Hill Lake Juana Díaz C Puerto Rico

18°03´N 66°30´W Juan Aldama Zacatecas, C Mexico 24°20´N 103°23´W Juan de Fuca Plate tectonic feature Juan de Fuca, Strait of strait Canada/USA Juan Fernandez Islands see Juan Fernández, Islas Juan Fernández, Islas Eng. Juan Fernandez Islands. island group W Chile Juangriego Nueva Esparta, NE Venezuela 11°06´N 63°59´W Juanjuí var. Juanjuy. San Martín, N Peru 07°10´S 76°44´W Juanjuy see Juanjuí Juankoski Pohjois-Savo, C Finland 63°01´N 28°24´E Juan Lacaze see Juan L. Lacaze Juan L. Lacaze var. Juan Lacaze, Puerto Sauce; prev. Sauce. Colonia, SW Uruguay 34°26´S 57°25´W Juan Solá Salta, N Argentina 23°30´S 62°42´W Juan Stuven, Isla island S Chile Juará Mato Grosso, W Brazil 11°10´S 57°28´W Juárez var. Villa Juárez. Coahuila, NE Mexico 27°39´N 100°43´W

Juárez, Sierra de m NW Mexico 59 O15 Juazeiro prev. Joazeiro. Bahia, E Brazil 09°25´S 40°30´W 59 P14 Juazeiro do Norte Ceará, E Brazil 07°10´S 39°18´W 40 C2

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

81 F15 Juba var. Jūbā. a Central Equatoria, S South Sudan 04°50´N 31°35´E 81 L17 Juba Amh. Genalē Wenz, It. Guiba, Som. Ganaane, Webi Jubba. j Ethiopia/Somalia 194 H2 Jubany Argentinian research station Antarctica 61°57´S 58°23´W Jubayl see Jbaïl 81 L18 Jubbada Dhexe off. Gobolka Jubbada Dhexe. r region SW Somalia

Jubbada Dhexe, Gobolka see Jubbada Dhexe 81 K18 Jubbada Hoose r region SW Somalia Jubba, Webi see Juba Jubbulpore see Jabalpur Jubeil see Jbaïl 74 B9 Juby, Cap headland SW Morocco 27°58´N 12°56´W

105 R10 Júcar var. Jucar. j C Spain 40 L12 Juchipila Zacatecas, C Mexico 21°25´N 103°06´W 41 S16 Juchitán var. Juchitán de Zaragosa. Oaxaca, SE Mexico 16°27´N 95°W

Juchitán de Zaragosa see Juchitán 138 G11 Judaea cultural region Israel/ West Bank 138 F11 Judaean Hills Heb. Haré Yehuda. hill range E Israel 138 H8 Judaydah Fr. Jdaïdé. Rīf Dimashq, W Syria 33°17´N 36°15´E

139 P11 Judayyidat Hāmir Al Anbār, S Iraq 31°50´N 41°50´E 109 U8 Judenburg Steiermark, C Austria 47°09´N 14°43´E 33 T8 Judith River j Montana, NW USA 27 V11 Judsonia Arkansas, C USA 35°16´N 91°38´W

141 P14 Jufrah, Wādī al dry watercourse NW Yemen Jugar see Sêrxü Jugoslavija see Serbia 42 K10 Juigalpa Chontales, S Nicaragua 12°04´N 85°21´W 100 E9 Juist island NW Germany Juisui see Ruisui 59 M21 Juiz de Fora Minas Gerais, SE Brazil 21°47´S 43°23´W 62 J5 Jujuy off. Provincia de Jujuy. r province N Argentina Jujuy see San Salvador de Jujuy Jujuy, Provincia de see Jujuy 92 J11 Jukkasjärvi Lapp. Čohkkiras. Norrbotten, N Sweden 67°52´N 20°39´E Jula see Gyula, Hungary Jūlā see Jālū, Libya 37 W2 Julesburg Colorado, C USA 57 I17 181 U6 35 V17 98 H7 109 S11

55 V11

40 J6

61 G15

147 N11 161 O3 81 L18

35 Y11 105 R12 153 N10

30 K5 154 B11

161 Q6 62 G11 25 Q10 36 K6 27 O4 32 F13 60 M10 39 X12 30 M8 105 U6 183 Q9 35 R8

158 L4 99 N24

40°59´N 102°15´W Julia Beterrae see Béziers Juliaca Puno, SE Peru 15°32´S 70°10´W Julia Creek Queensland, C Australia 20°40´S 141°49´E Julian California, W USA 33°04´N 116°36´W Julianadorp NoordHolland, NW Netherlands 52°53´N 04°43´E Julian Alps Ger. Julische Alpen, It. Alpi Giulie, Slvn. Julijske Alpe. m Italy/ Slovenia Juliana Top l C Suriname 03°39´N 56°36´W Julianehåb see Qaqortoq Julijske Alpe see Julian Alps Julimes Chihuahua, N Mexico 28°29´N 105°21´W Julio Briga see Bragança Juliobriga see Logroño Júlio de Castilhos Rio Grande do Sul, S Brazil 29°14´S 53°42´W Juliomagus see Angers Julische Alpen see Julian Alps Jullundur see Jalandhar Juma Rus. Dzhuma. Samarqand Viloyati, C Uzbekistan 39°43´N 66°37´E Juma He j E China Jumba prev. Jumboo. Jubbada Hoose, S Somalia 0°12´S 42°34´E Jumboo see Jumba Jumbo Peak l Nevada, W USA 36°12´N 114°09´W Jumilla Murcia, SE Spain 38°28´N 01°19´W Jumla Mid Western, NW Nepal 29°22´N 82°13´E Jummoo see Jammu Jumna see Yamuna Jumporn see Chumphon Jump River j Wisconsin, N USA Jūnāgadh var. Junagarh. Gujarāt, W India 21°32´N 70°32´E Junagarh see Jūnāgadh Junan var. Shizilu. Shandong, E China 35°11´N 118°47´E Juncal, Cerro l C Chile 33°03´S 70°02´W Junction Texas, SW USA 30°31´N 99°48´W Junction Utah, W USA 38°14´N 112°13´W Junction City Kansas, C USA 39°02´N 96°51´W Junction City Oregon, NW USA 44°13´N 123°12´W Jundiaí São Paulo, S Brazil 23°10´S 46°54´W Juneau state capital Alaska, USA 58°13´N 134°11´W Juneau Wisconsin, N USA 43°23´N 88°42´W Juneda Cataluña, NE Spain 41°33´N 00°49´E Junee New South Wales, SE Australia 34°51´S 147°33´E June Lake California, W USA 37°46´N 119°04´W Jungbunzlau see Mladá Boleslav Junggar Pendi Eng. Dzungarian Basin. basin NW China Junglinster Grevenmacher, C Luxembourg 49°43´N 06°15´E

18 F14 Juniata River j Pennsylvania, NE USA 61 B20 Junín Buenos Aires, E Argentina 34°36´S 61°02´W 57 E14 Junín Junín, C Peru

11°11´S 76°00´W 57 F14 Junín off. Departamento de Junín. r department C Peru

Administrative Regions International Airport

63 H15 Junín de los Andes Neuquén, W Argentina

79 O21 Kabambare Maniema, E Dem. Rep. Congo

39°57´S 71°05´W

Junín, Departamento de see Junín 57 D14 Junín, Lago de c C Peru Junīyah see Joûnié Junkseylon see Phuket 160 I11 Junlian Sichuan, C China 25 O11 92 J11 93 H16 32 L14 93 N14 118 H11

28°11´N 104°31´E Juno Texas, SW USA 30°09´N 101°07´W Junosuando Lapp. Čunusavvon. Norrbotten, N Sweden 67°25´N 22°28´E Junsele Västernorrland, C Sweden 63°42´N 16°54´E Juntura Oregon, NW USA 43°43´N 118°05´W Juntusranta Kainuu, E Finland 65°12´N 29°30´E Juodupė Panevėžys, NE Lithuania 56°07´N 25°37´E

119 H14 Juozapinės Kalnas l SE Lithuania 54°29´N 25°27´E

99 K19 Juprelle Liège, E Belgium 50°43´N 05°31´E

80 D13 Jur j W South Sudan 103 S9 Jura r department E France 108 C7 Jura r canton NW Switzerland 108 B8 Jura var. Jura Mountains. m France/Switzerland 96 G12 Jura island SW Scotland, United Kingdom Juraciszki see Yuratsishki 54 C8 Juradó Chocó, NW Colombia 07°07´N 77°45´W

Jura Mountains see Jura 96 G12 Jura, Sound of strait W Scotland, United Kingdom 139 V15 Juraybīyāt, Bi’r well S Iraq 118 E13 Jurbarkas Ger. Georgenburg, Jurburg. Tauragė, W Lithuania 55°04´N 22°45´E 99 F20 Jurbise Hainaut, SW Belgium 118 F9 58 D13 48 F7 59 G16 59 G16 165 Q6 25 O6 62 K11 59 C14 58 C13 100 N13 42 E6 42 A3

50°33´N 03°54´E Jurburg see Jurbarkas Jūrmala C Latvia 56°57´N 23°42´E Juruá Amazonas, NW Brazil 03°08´S 65°59´W Juruá, Rio var. Río Yuruá. j Brazil/Peru Juruena Mato Grosso, W Brazil 10°32´S 58°38´W Juruena, Rio j  W Brazil Jūsan-ko c Honshū, C Japan Justiceburg Texas, SW USA 32°57´N 101°07´W Justinianopolis see Kirşehir Justo Daract San Luis, C Argentina 33°52´S 65°12´W Jutaí Amazonas, W Brazil 05°10´S 68°45´W Jutaí, Rio j NW Brazil Jüterbog Brandenburg, E Germany 51°58´N 13°06´E Jutiapa Jutiapa, S Guatemala 14°18´N 89°52´W Jutiapa off. Departamento de Jutiapa. r department SE Guatemala

04°40´S 27°41´E 145 W13 Kabanbay Kaz. Qabanbay; prev. Andreyevka, Kaz. Andreevka. Almaty, SE Kazakhstan 45°50´N 80°34´E 145 Q9 Kabanbay Batyr prev. Rozhdestvenka. Akmola, C Kazakhstan 50°51´N 71°25´E 187 Y15 Kabara prev. Kambara. island Lau Group, E Fiji Kabardino-Balkaria see Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika

126 M15 Kabardino-Balkarskaya Respublika Eng. KabardinoBalkaria. r autonomous republic SW Russian Federation 79 O19 Kabare Sud-Kivu, E Dem. Rep. Congo 02°13´S 28°40´E 171 T11 Kabarei Papua Barat, E Indonesia 0°01´S 130°58´E 171 P7 Kabasalan Mindanao, S Philippines 07°46´N 122°49´E 77 U15 Kabba Kogi, S Nigeria 07°48´N 06°07´E

92 I13 Kåbdalis Lapp. Goabddális. Norrbotten, N Sweden 66°08´N 20°03´E

138 M6 Kabd aş Şārim hill range E Syria 14 B7 Kabenung Lake c Ontario, S Canada 29 W3 Kabetogama Lake c Minnesota, N USA Kabia, Pulau see Kabin, Pulau 79 M22 Kabinda Kasai-Oriental, SE Dem. Rep. Congo 171 O15 171 P16 149 T10 114 M9 78 I13

83 H14 83 H14 79 M22 120 K11 124 J14

142 L5 82 L12 149 Q5 149 Q5

Jutiapa, Departamento de see Jutiapa 42 J6 Juticalpa Olancho, C Honduras 14°39´N 86°12´W 82 I13 Jutila North Western, NW Zambia 12°33´S 26°09´E Jutland see Jylland 84 F8 Jutland Bank undersea feature SE North Sea

149 Q5

93 N16

79 O25

93 N17 44 A6

161 Q5

161 P6 113 O15 83 H20 95 I23 95 F22 93 M17

56°50´N 07°20´E Juuka Pohjois-Karjala, E Finland 63°12´N 29°17´E Juva Etelä-Savo, E Finland 61°55´N 27°54´E Juvavum see Salzburg Juventud, Isla de la var. Isla de Pinos, Eng. Isle of Youth; prev. The Isle of the Pines. island W Cuba Juwārtā see Chwarta Juwārtā see Chemchemal Juxian var. Chengyang, Ju Xian. Shandong, E China 35°33´N 118°45´E Ju Xian see Juxian Juye Shandong, E China 35°26´N 116°04´E Južna Morava Ger. Südliche Morava. j SE Serbia Jwaneng Southern, S Botswana 24°35´N 24°45´E Jyderup Sjælland, E Denmark 55°40´N 11°25´E Jylland Eng. Jutland. peninsula W Denmark Jyrgalan see Dzhergalan Jyväskylä Keski-Suomii, C Finland 62°08´N 25°47´E

K 38 D9 Ka‘a‘awa var. Kaaawa. O‘ahu, Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 21°33´N 157°47´W Kaaawa see Ka‘a‘awa 81 G16 Kaabong NE Uganda

55 V9

187 O16 92 L9

92 J10 93 K19 99 I14 93 N16 171 O14 76 J14 81 E19

03°30´N 34°08´E Kaaden see Kadaň Kaafu Atoll see Male’ Atoll Kaaimanston Sipaliwini, N Suriname 05°06´N 56°04´W Kaakhka see Kaka Kaala see Caála Kaala-Gomen Province Nord, W New Caledonia 20°40´S 164°24´E Kaamanen Lapp. Gámas. Lappi, N Finland 69°05´N 27°16´E Kaapstad see Cape Town Kaarasjoki see Karasjok Kaaresuanto see Karesuando Kaaresuvanto Lapp. Gárassavon. Lappi, N Finland 68°28´N 22°29´E Kaarina Varsinais-Suomi, SW Finland 60°24´N 22°25´E Kaatsheuvel Noord-Brabant, S Netherlands 51°39´N 05°02´E Kaavi Pohjois-Savo, C Finland 62°58´N 28°30´E Kaba see Habahe Kabaena, Pulau island C Indonesia Kabakly see Gabakly Kabala N Sierra Leone 09°40´N 11°36´W Kabale SW Uganda 01°15´S 29°58´E

55 U10 Kabalebo Rivier j W Suriname 79 N22 Kabalo Katanga, SE Dem. Rep. Congo 06°02´S 26°55´E

Mountain Mountain Range

149 R5

149 S5

171 R9 80 G8 83 J14 186 E7 113 N17 118 F13 117 S13 154 A10 154 I11 149 Q11 39 Q13

77 V14 167 N2 137 Q11 155 C21 111 B15 1667

187 X15 187 X15 79 G16

114 M13 182 I8 136 H15 76 M14 136 L16 114 G11 28 L10 127 N5

Volcano River

06°09´S 24°29´E Kabinda see Cabinda Kabin, Pulau var. Pulau Kabia. island W Indonesia Kabir Pulau Pantar, S Indonesia 08°15´S 124°12´E Kabīrwāla Punjab, E Pakistan 30°24´N 71°51´E Kableshkovo Burgas, E Bulgaria 42°65´N 27°34´E Kabo Ouham, NW Central African Republic 07°43´N 18°38´E Kābol see Kābul Kabompo North Western, W Zambia 13°36´S 24°10´E Kabompo j W Zambia Kabongo Katanga, SE Dem. Rep. Congo 07°20´S 25°34´E Kaboudia, Rass headland E Tunisia 35°13´N 11°09´E Kabozha Novgorodskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 58°48´N 35°00´E Kabūd Gonbad see Kalāt Kabūd Rāhang Hamadān, W Iran 35°12´N 48°44´E Kabuko Muchinga, NE Zambia 11°31´S 31°16´E Kābul prev. Kābol. a (Afghanistan) Kābul, E Afghanistan 34°34´N 69°08´E Kābul ; prev. Kābol. r province E Afghanistan Kābul k Kābul, E Afghanistan 34°31´N 69°11´E Kabul var. Daryā-ye Kābul. j Afghanistan/Pakistan see also Kābul, Daryā-ye Kabul see Kābul, Daryā-ye Kābul, Daryā-ye var. Kabul. j Afghanistan/Pakistan see also Kabul Kābul, Daryā-ye see Kabul Kabunda Katanga, SE Dem. Rep. Congo 12°21´S 29°14´E

Kaburuang, Pulau island Kepulauan Talaud, N Indonesia Kabushiya River Nile, NE Sudan 16°54´N 33°41´E Kabwe Central, C Zambia 14°29´S 28°25´E Kabwum Morobe, C Papua New Guinea 06°04´S 147°09´E Kaçanik Serb. Kačanik. S Kosovo 42°13´N 21°16´E Kačanik see Kaçanik Kačerginė Kaunas, C Lithuania 54°55´N 23°40´E Kacha Avtonomna Respublika Krym, S Ukraine 44°46´N 33°33´E Kachchh, Gulf of var. Gulf of Cutch, Gulf of Kutch. gulf W India Kachchhīdhāna Madhya Pradesh, C India 21°33´N 78°54´E Kachchh, Rann of var. Rann of Kachh, Rann of Kutch. salt marsh India/Pakistan Kachemak Bay bay Alaska, USA Kachh, Rann of see Kachchh, Rann of Kachia Kaduna, C Nigeria 09°52´N 08°00´E Kachin State r state N Myanmar (Burma) Kachiry see Kashyr Kaçkar Dağları m NE Turkey Kadamatt Island island Lakshadweep, India, N Indian Ocean Kadaň Ger. Kaaden. Ústecký Kraj, NW Czech Republic 50°24´N 13°16´E N11 Kadan Kyun prev. King Island. island Mergui Archipelago, S Myanmar (Burma) Kadavu prev. Kandavu. island S Fiji Kadavu Passage channel S Fiji Kadéï j Cameroon/Central African Republic Kadhimain see Al Kāimīyah Kadijica see Kadiytsa Kadīköy Barajı d NW Turkey Kadina South Australia 33°59´S 137°43´E Kadınhanı Konya, C Turkey 38°15´N 32°14´E Kadiolo Sikasso, S Mali 10°30´N 05°43´W Kadirli Osmaniye, S Turkey 37°22´N 36°05´E Kadiytsa Mac. Kadijica. l Bulgaria/FYR Macedonia 41°48´N 22°58´E Kadoka South Dakota, N USA 43°49´N 101°30´W Kadom Ryazanskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 54°35´N 42°27´E

Lake Reservoir

83 K16 Kadoma prev. Gatooma. Mashonaland West, C Zimbabwe !8°22´S 29°55´E

80 E12 Kadugli Southern Kordofan, S Sudan 11°N 29°44´E 77 V14 Kaduna Kaduna, C Nigeria 10°32´N 07°26´E

77 V14 Kaduna r state C Nigeria 77 V15 Kaduna j N Nigeria 124 K14 Kaduy Vologodskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 59°10´N 37°11´E

154 E13 Kadwa j W India 123 S9 Kadykchan Magadanskaya Oblast’, E Russian Federation 125 T7

76 I10 78 G12 38 C9 184 J2 163 X14

79 L24 77 V14 76 G11

115 I19

75 W7

81 F17 83 J15 83 I14 67 T13 164 K12 79 J14

81 E18 38 H17

164 H14

154 J13 93 J14 81 E19 81 E19 76 L5 137 S12 188 I6 164 C16 164 C16

38 B8 81 F21 117 P5

62°54´N 146°53´E Kadzharan see K’ajaran Kadzherom Respublika Komi, NW Russian Federation 64°42´N 55°51´E Kadzhi-Say see Bokonbayevo Kaédi Gorgol, S Mauritania 16°12´N 13°32´W Kaélé Extrême-Nord, N Cameroon 10°05´N 14°28´E Ka‘ena Point var. Kaena Point. headland O‘ahu, Hawai‘i, USA 21°34´N 158°16´W Kaeo Northland, North Island, New Zealand 35°03´S 173°40´E Kaesŏng var. Kaesŏng-si. S North Korea 37°58´N 126°31´E Kaesŏng-si see Kaesŏng Kaewieng see Kavieng Kafakumba Shaba, S Dem. Rep. Congo 09°39´S 23°43´E Kafan see Kapan Kafanchan Kaduna, C Nigeria 09°32´N 08°18´E Kaffa see Feodosiya Kaffrine C Senegal 14°07´N 15°27´W Kafiréas, Akrotírio see Ntóro, Kávo Kafiréos, Stenó strait Évvoia/Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea Kafirnigan see Kofarnihon Kafo see Kafu Kafr ash Shaykh var. Kafrel Sheik, Kafr el Sheikh. N Egypt 31°07´N 30°56´E Kafr el Sheikh see Kafr ash Shaykh Kafu var. Kafo. j W Uganda Kafue Lusaka, SE Zambia 15°44´S 28°10´E Kafue j C Zambia Kafue Flats plain C Zambia Kaga Ishikawa, Honshū, SW Japan 36°18´N 136°19´E Kaga Bandoro prev. Fort-Crampel. Nana-Grébizi, C Central African Republic 06°54´N 19°10´E Kagadi W Uganda 0°57´N 30°52´E Kagalaska Island island Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA Kagan see Kogon Kaganovichabad see Kolkhozobod Kagarlyk see Kaharlyk Kagawa off. Kagawa-ken. r prefecture Shikoku, SW Japan Kagawa-ken see Kagawa Kagaznagar Telangana, C India 19°25´N 79°30´E Kåge Västerbotten, N Sweden 64°49´N 21°00´E Kagera var. Ziwa Magharibi, Eng. West Lake. r region NW Tanzania Kagera var. Akagera. j Rwanda/Tanzania see also Akagera Kâgheṭ var. Karet. physical region N Mauritania Kagi see Jiayi Kağızman Kars, NE Turkey 40°08´N 43°07´E Kagman Point headland Saipan, S Northern Mariana Islands Kagoshima var. Kagosima. Kagoshima, Kyūshū, SW Japan 31°37´N 130°33´E Kagoshima off. Kagoshimaken, var. Kagosima. r prefecture Kyūshū, SW Japan Kagoshima-ken see Kagoshima Kagosima see Kagoshima Kagul see Cahul Kagul, Ozero see Kahul, Ozero Kahala Point headland Kaua‘i, Hawai‘i, USA 22°08´N 159°17´W Kahama Shinyanga, NW Tanzania 03°48´S 32°36´E Kaharlyk Rus. Kagarlyk. Kyyivs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 49°50´N 30°50´E

169 T13 Kahayan, Sungai j Borneo, C Indonesia 79 I22 Kahemba Bandundu, SW Dem. Rep. Congo 07°20´S 19°00´E

185 A23 Kaherekoau Mountains m South Island, New Zealand 143 W14 Kahīrī var. Kūhīrī. Sīstān va Balūchestān, SE Iran 26°55´N 61°04´E

101 L16 Kahla Thüringen, C Germany 50°49´N 11°33´E

101 G15 Kahler Asten l W Germany 51°11´N 08°32´E

149 Q4 Kahmard, Daryā-ye prev. Darya-i-surkhab. j NE Afghanistan 143 T13 Kahnūj Kermān, SE Iran 27 V1

28°N 57°41´E

Kahoka Missouri, C USA 40°24´N 91°44´W

38 E10 Kaho‘olawe var. Kahoolawe. island Hawai‘i, USA, C Pacific Ocean Kahoolawe see Kaho‘olawe 136 M16 Kahramanmaraş var. Kahraman Maraş, Maraş, Marash. Kahramanmaraş, S Turkey 37°34´N 36°54´E 136 L15 Kahramanmaraş var. Kahraman Maraş, Maraş, Marash. r province C Turkey Kahraman Maraş see Kahramanmaraş Kahror/Kahror Pakka see Kahror Pakka 149 T11 Kahror Pakka var. Kahror, Koror Pacca. Punjab, E Pakistan 29°38´N 71°59´E 137 N15 Kâhta Adıyaman, S Turkey 37°48´N 38°35´E

KahuKu – KanevsKaya 38 D8 Kahuku O‘ahu, Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 38 D8 116 M12 143 V11 184 G13 149 V6 77 S14 186 D7 185 I18 36 K9 171 U14 36 L9 158 K6 55 S10 161 O6 184 J3

171 U14 169 U16 184 J3 185 J16

21°40´N 157°57´W Kahuku Point headland O‘ahu, Hawai‘i, USA 21°42´N 157°59´W Kahul, Ozero var. Lacul Cahul, Rus. Ozero Kagul. c Moldova/Ukraine Kahūrak Sīstān va Balūchestān, SE Iran 29°25´N 59°38´E Kahurangi Point headland South Island, New Zealand 40°41´S 171°57´E Kahūta Punjab, E Pakistan 33°38´N 73°27´E Kaiama Kwara, W Nigeria 09°37´N 03°58´E Kaiapit Morobe, C Papua New Guinea 06°12´S 146°09´E Kaiapoi Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand 43°23´S 172°40´E Kaibab Plateau plain Arizona, SW USA Kai Besar, Pulau island Kepulauan Kai, E Indonesia Kaibito Plateau plain Arizona, SW USA Kaidu He var. Karaxahar. j NW China Kaieteur Falls waterfall C Guyana Kaifeng Henan, C China 34°47´N 114°20´E Kaihu Northland, North Island, New Zealand 35°47´S 173°39´E Kaihua see Wenshan Kai Kecil, Pulau island Kepulauan Kai, E Indonesia Kai, Kepulauan prev. Kei Islands. island group Maluku, SE Indonesia Kaikohe Northland, North Island, New Zealand 35°25´S 173°48´E Kaikoura Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand 42°22´S 173°40´E

185 J16 Kaikoura Peninsula peninsula South Island, New Zealand Kailas Range see Gangdisê Shan 160 K12 Kaili Guizhou, S China 38 F10

38 G11 186 B7 171 X14 184 M7 114 E13

26°34´N 107°58´E Kailua Maui, Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 20°53´N 156°13´W Kailua see Kalaoa Kailua-Kona var. Kona. Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 19°43´N 155°58´W Kaim j W Papua New Guinea Kaima Papua, E Indonesia 05°36´S 138°39´E Kaimai Range m North Island, New Zealand Kaïmaktsalán var. Kajmakčalan. l Greece/ FYR Macedonia 40°57´N 21°48´E see also Kajmakčalan Kaïmaktsalán see Kajmakčalan

185 C20 Kaimanawa Mountains m North Island, New Zealand 118 E4 Käina Ger. Keinis; prev. Keina. Hiiumaa, W Estonia 109 V7 164 I14 164 H15 147 U7 77 T14 77 T14 186 D8 92 K12 93 M14 184 K5 152 I10 74 M6 101 F20 118 G13 184 I2 185 E24 152 I9 169 N13 38 E9 160 K9 163 V11 160 H14

58°50´N 22°49´E Kainach j SE Austria Kainan Tokushima, Shikoku, SW Japan 33°36´N 134°20´E Kainan Wakayama, Honshū, SW Japan 34°09´N 135°12´E Kaindy Kir. Kayyngdy. Chuyskaya Oblast’, N Kyrgyzstan 42°48´N 73°39´E Kainji Dam dam W Nigeria Kainji Lake see Kainji Reservoir Kainji Reservoir var. Kainji Lake. d W Nigeria Kaintiba var. Kamina. Gulf, S Papua New Guinea 07°29´S 146°04´E Kainulasjärvi Norrbotten, N Sweden 67°00´N 22°31´E Kainuu Swe. Kajanaland. r region N Finland Kaipara Harbour harbour North Island, New Zealand Kairāna Uttar Pradesh, N India 29°24´N 77°10´E Kairouan var. Al Qayrawān. E Tunisia 35°46´N 10°11´E Kaisaria see Kayseri Kaiserslautern RheinlandPfalz, SW Germany 49°27´N 07°46´E Kaišiadorys Kaunas, S Lithuania 54°51´N 24°27´E Kaitaia Northland, North Island, New Zealand 35°07´S 173°13´E Kaitangata Otago, South Island, New Zealand 46°18´S 169°52´E Kaithal Haryāna, NW India 29°47´N 76°26´E Kaitong see Tongyu Kait, Tanjung headland Sumatera, W Indonesia 03°13´S 106°03´E Kaiwi Channel channel Hawai‘i, USA, C Pacific Ocean Kaixian var. Hanfeng. Sichuan, C China 31°13´N 108°25´E Kaiyuan var. K’ai-yüan. Liaoning, NE China 42°33´N 124°04´E Kaiyuan Yunnan, SW China 23°42´N 103°14´E K’ai-yüan see Kaiyuan

39 O9 Kaiyuh Mountains m Alaska, USA 93 M15 Kajaani Swe. Kajana. Kainuu, C Finland 64°17´N 27°46´E

149 N7 Kajakī, Band-e c C Afghanistan Kajan see Kayan, Sungai Kajana see Kajaani Kajanaland see Kainuu 137 V13 K’ajaran Rus. Kadzharan. SE Armenia 39°10´N 46°09´E 81 I19 Kajiado Kajiado, S Kenya 01°51´S 36°48´E

81 I20 Kajiado r county S Kenya Kajisay see Bokonbayevo 113 O20 Kajmakčalan var. Kaïmaktsalán. l S FYR Macedonia 40°57´N 21°48´E see also Kaïmaktsalán Kajmakčalan see Kaïmaktsalán

Kajnar see Kaynar 149 N6 Kajrān Dāykundī, C Afghanistan 33°12´N 65°28´E 149 N5 Kaj Rūd j C Afghanistan 146 G14 Kaka Rus. Kaakhka. Ahal Welaýaty, S Turkmenistan 37°20´N 59°37´E

12 C12 Kakabeka Falls Ontario, S Canada 48°24´N 89°40´W 83 F23 Kakamas Northern Cape, W South Africa 28°45´S 20°33´E 81 H18 Kakamega Kakamega, W Kenya 0°17´N 34°47´E 81 H18 Kakamega r county W Kenya 112 H13 Kakanj Federacija Bosne I Hercegovine, C Bosnia and Herzegovina 44°06´N 18°07´E 185 F22 Kakanui Mountains m South Island, New Zealand 184 K11 Kakaramea Taranaki, North Island, New Zealand 39°42´S 174°27´E

76 J16 Kakata C Liberia 184 M11 113 M23 147 O14 164 F13 39 X13 171 P14 164 M14 165 V16 143 T6 118 L11

39 P13 117 S10

06°35´N 10°19´W Kakatahi ManawatuWanganui, North Island, New Zealand 39°40´S 175°20´E Kakavi Gjirokastër, S Albania 39°55´N 20°19´E Kakaydi Surkhondaryo Viloyati, S Uzbekistan 37°37´N 67°30´E Kake Hiroshima, Honshū, SW Japan 34°37´N 132°17´E Kake Kupreanof Island, Alaska, USA 56°58´N 133°57´W Kakea Pulau Wowoni, C Indonesia 04°09´S 123°06´E Kakegawa Shizuoka, Honshū, S Japan 34°47´N 138°02´E Kakeroma-jima Kagoshima, SW Japan Kākhak Khorāsān-e Raẕavī, E Iran Kakhanavichy Rus. Kokhanovichi. Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’, N Belarus 55°52´N 28°08´E Kakhonak Alaska, USA 59°26´N 154°48´W Kakhovka Khersons’ka Oblast’, S Ukraine 46°40´N 33°30´E

117 U9 Kakhovs’ke Vodoskhovyshche Rus. Kakhovskoye Vodokhranilishche. d SE Ukraine Kakhovskoye Vodokhranilishche see Kakhovs’ke Vodoskhovyshche 117 T11 Kakhovs’kyy Kanal canal S Ukraine Kakia see Khakhea 155 L16 Kākināda prev. Cocanada. Andhra Pradesh, E India

38 G11 Kalaoa var. Kailua. Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 19°43´N 155°59´W

171 O15 Kalaotoa, Pulau island W Indonesia 155 J24 Kala Oya j NW Sri Lanka Kalarash see Călăraşi 93 H17 Kälarne Jämtland, C Sweden 63°00´N 16°10´E 143 V15 Kalar Rūd j SE Iran 169 R9 Kalasin var. Muang Kalasin. Kalasin, E Thailand 16°29´N 103°31´E 143 U4 Kalāt var. Kabūd Gonbad. Khorāsān-e Raẕavī, NE Iran 37°02´N 59°46´E 149 O11 Kālat var. Kelat, Khelat. Baluchistān, SW Pakistan 29°01´N 66°38´E Kalāt see Qalāt

115 J14 Kalathriá, Ákrotirio headland Samothráki, NE Greece 40°24´N 25°34´E 193 W147 Kalau island Tongatapu Group, SE Tonga 38 E9 Kalaupapa Moloka‘i, Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 21°11´N 156°59´W

127 N13 Kalaus j SW Russian Federation Kalávrita see Kalávryta 115 E19 Kalávryta var. Kalávrita. Dytikí Elláda, S Greece 38°02´N 22°06´E 141 Y10 Kalbān W Oman 20°19´N 58°40´E Kalbar see Kalimantan Barat 180 H11 Kalbarri Western Australia 27°43´S 114°08´E Kalbinskiy Khrebet see Khrebet Kalba

145 O7

39 S5 165 Q11 165 Q8

149 T7 171 Q16 188 I5 83 G14 126 M9

166 K5 14 K14 38 G13

83 G19 38 B8

93 K15

32 G10 115 G14 115 C15 115 E21 148 L16 148 L16 31 P10

Kalamazoo River j Michigan, N USA Kalambaka see Kalampáka 117 S13 Kalamits’ka Zatoka Rus. Kalamitskiy Zaliv. gulf S Ukraine Kalamitskiy Zaliv see Kalamits’ka Zatoka 115 H18 Kálamos Attikí, C Greece 31 P9

166 L4 82 H12 167 T11

124 I7 166 L4 39 Q12 180 L12

Country Country Capital

115 F19 115 N24 79 N20 169 S11 169 Q11

169 T13

169 U10

169 V9

153 S12

126 B3

126 A3

147 P14 127 O8

38°16´N 23°51´E 115 C18 Kálamos island Iónioi Nísia, Greece, C Mediterranean Sea 115 D15 Kalampáka var. Kalambaka. Thessalía, C Greece 39°43´N 21°36´E Kalan see Călan, Romania Kalan see Tunceli, Turkey 117 S11 Kalanchak Khersons’ka Oblast’, S Ukraine 46°14´N 33°19´E

92 K13 92 K12 92 J11 145 T8

181 O4 31 P6 93 F16 189 X2 118 J5 93 N16 115 F17 95 M22 115 L16

95 M19

40°08´N 33°27´E

169 R12

48°45´N 43°29´E Kaladan j W Myanmar (Burma) Kaladar Ontario, SE Canada 44°38´N 77°06´W Ka Lae var. South Cape, South Point. headland Hawai‘i, USA, C Pacific Ocean 18°54´N 155°40´W Kalahari Desert desert Southern Africa Kalāheo var. Kalaheo. Kaua‘i, Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 21°55´N 159°31´W Kalaheo see Kalāheo Kalaikhum see Qal’aikhum Kala-i-Mor see Galaýmor Kalajoki Pohjois-Pohjanmaa, W Finland 64°15´N 24°E Kalak see Eski Kaak Kal al Sraghna see El Kelâa Srarhna Kalama Washington, NW USA 46°00´N 122°50´W Kalámai see Kalámata Kalamariá Kentrikí Makedonía, N Greece 40°37´N 22°58´E Kalamás var. Thiamis; prev. Thýamis. j W Greece Kalámata prev. Kalámai. Pelopónnisos, S Greece 37°02´N 22°07´E Kalamat, Khor Eng. Kalmat Lagoon. lagoon SW Pakistan Kalamat, Khor Eng. Kalmat Lagoon. lagoon SW Pakistan Kalamazoo Michigan, N USA 42°17´N 85°35´W

81 F21

79 O19 Kalehe Sud-Kivu, E Dem. Rep. Congo 02°05´S 28°52´E 79 P22 Kalemie prev. Albertville. Katanga, SE Dem. Rep. Congo

114 O8

127 N10 Kalach-na-Donu Volgogradskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation

126 M10

93 F16 95 N21

115 E17

01°03´N 32°30´E Kak, Ozero c N Kazakhstan Ka-Krem see Malyy Yenisey Kakshaal-Too, Khrebet see Kokshaal-Tau Kaktovik Alaska, USA 70°08´N 143°37´W Kakuda Miyagi, Honshū, C Japan 37°59´N 140°48´E Kakunodate Akita, Honshū, C Japan 39°37´N 140°35´E Kalaallit Nunaat see Greenland Kālābāgh Punjab, E Pakistan 33°00´N 71°35´E Kalabahi Pulau Alor, S Indonesia 08°14´S 124°32´E Kalabera Saipan, S Northern Mariana Islands Kalabo Western, W Zambia 15°00´S 22°37´E Kalach Voronezhskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 50°24´N 41°00´E

110 F9

144 G10 Kaldygayty j W Kazakhstan 136 I12 Kalecik Ankara, N Turkey

16°56´N 82°13´E

Käkisalmi see Priozersk 164 I13 Kakogawa Hyōgo, Honshū, SW Japan 34°49´N 134°52´E 81 F18 Kakoge C Uganda

110 I13 Kalisz Ger. Kalisch, Rus. Kalish; anc. Calisia. Wielkopolskie, C Poland

119 M19

81 G18 33 O7

05°55´S 29°09´E Kalemyo Sagaing, W Myanmar (Burma) 23°11´N 94°03´E Kalene Hill North Western, NW Zambia 11°10´S 24°12´E Kalêng prev. Phumĭ Kalêng. Stng Trêng, NE Cambodia 13°57´N 106°17´E Kale Sultanie see Çanakkale Kalevala Respublika Kareliya, NW Russian Federation 65°12´N 31°16´E Kalewa Sagaing, C Myanmar (Burma) 23°15´N 94°19´E Kalgan see Zhangjiakou Kalgin Island island Alaska, USA Kalgoorlie Western Australia 30°51´S 121°27´E Kali see Sārda Kaliakoúda l C Greece 38°47´N 21°42´E Kaliakra, Nos headland NE Bulgaria 43°22´N 28°28´E Kaliánoi Pelopónnisos, S Greece 37°55´N 22°28´E Kalí Límni l Kárpathos, SE Greece 35°34´N 27°08´E Kalima Maniema, E Dem. Rep. Congo 02°34´S 26°27´E Kalimantan Eng. Indonesian Borneo. r geopolitical region Borneo, C Indonesia Kalimantan Barat off. Propinsi Kalimantan Berat, var. Kalbar, Eng. West Borneo, West Kalimantan. r province N Indonesia

Kalimantan Barat, Propinsi see Kalimantan Barat Kalimantan Selatan off. Propinsi Kalimantan Selatan, var. Kalsel, Eng. South Borneo, South Kalimantan. r province N Indonesia Kalimantan Selatan, Propinsi see Kalimantan Selatan Kalimantan Tengah off. Propinsi Kalimantan Tengah, var. Kalteng, Eng. Central Borneo, Central Kalimantan. r province N Indonesia Kalimantan Tengah, Propinsi see Kalimantan Tengah Kalimantan Timur off. Propinsi Kalimantan Timur, var. Kaltim, Eng. East Borneo, East Kalimantan. r province N Indonesia Kalimantan Timur, Propinsi see Kalimantan Timur Kalimantan Utara off. Propinsi Kalimantan Utara, var. Kaltara, Eng. North Kalimantan. r province N Indonesia Kalimantan Utara, Propinsi see Kalimantan Utara Kálimnos see Kálymnos Kālimpang West Bengal, NE India 27°02´N 88°34´E Kalinin see Tver’ Kalinin see Boldumsaz Kalininabad see Kalininobod Kaliningrad Kaliningradskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 54°48´N 21°33´E Kaliningrad see Kaliningradskaya Oblast’ Kaliningradskaya Oblast’ var. Kaliningrad. r province and enclave W Russian Federation Kalinino see Tashir Kalininobod Rus. Kalininabad. SW Tajikistan 37°49´N 68°55´E Kalininsk Saratovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 51°31´N 44°25´E Kalininsk see Boldumsaz Kalinisk see Cupcina Kalinkavichy Rus. Kalinkovichi. Homyel’skaya Voblasts’, SE Belarus 52°08´N 29°19´E Kalinkovichi see Kalinkavichy Kaliro SE Uganda 0°54´N 33°30´E Kalisch/Kalish see Kalisz Kalispell Montana, NW USA 48°12´N 114°18´W

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

95 N20 117 X9 99 H15

127 O12

118 F9 114 L10 111 J24 114 J9 38 E10 83 I16 29 X14 115 K22 152 J8 115 C15 155 C22 152 K13 158 G7 149 P16 143 R5 39 N11 95 B18 39 O9 108 H7

77 X14 126 K4 155 J26 82 J13 180 M2 95 H23 82 K11 149 T8 116 I6

110 N11 155 J26

126 I5 119 E14 93 K15 109 U6 154 D13 124 K16 115 D18 115 M21

51°46´N 18°04´E

Kalisz Pomorski Ger. Kallies. Zachodniopomorskie, NW Poland 53°55´N 15°55´E Kalitva j SW Russian Federation Kaliua Tabora, C Tanzania 05°03´S 31°48´E Kalix Norrbotten, N Sweden 65°51´N 23°14´E Kalixälven j N Sweden Kalixfors Norrbotten, N Sweden 67°45´N 20°20´E Kalkaman Kaz. Qalqaman. Pavlodar, NE Kazakhstan 51°57´N 75°58´E Kalkandelen see Tetovo Kalkarindji Northern Territory, N Australia 17°32´S 130°40´E Kalkaska Michigan, N USA 44°44´N 85°11´W Kall Jämtland, C Sweden 63°31´N 13°16´E Kallalen var. Calalen. island Ratak Chain, SE Marshall Islands Kallaste Ger. Krasnogor. Tartumaa, SE Estonia 58°40´N 27°12´E Kallavesi c SE Finland Kallídromo m C Greece Kallies see Kalisz Pomorski Kallinge Blekinge, S Sweden 56°14´N 15°17´E Kalloní Lésvos, E Greece 39°14´N 26°16´E Kallsjön c C Sweden Kalmar var. Calmar. Kalmar, S Sweden 56°40´N 16°22´E Kalmar var. Calmar. r county S Sweden Kalmarsund strait S Sweden Kalmat Lagoon see Kalamat, Khor Kal’mius j E Ukraine Kalmthout Antwerpen, N Belgium 51°24´N 04°27´E Kalmykia/KalmykiyaKhal’mg Tangch, Respublika see Kalmykiya, Respublika Kalmykiya, Respublika var. Respublika KalmykiyaKhal’mg Tangch, Eng. Kalmykia; prev. Kalmytskaya ASSR. r autonomous republic SW Russian Federation Kalmytskaya ASSR see Kalmykiya, Respublika Kalnciems C Latvia 56°46´N 23°37´E Kalnitsa j SE Bulgaria Kalocsa Bács-Kiskun, S Hungary 46°31´N 19°00´E Kalofer Plovdiv, C Bulgaria 42°36´N 25°00´E Kalohi Channel channel C Pacific Ocean Kalomo Southern, S Zambia 17°02´S 26°29´E Kalona Iowa, C USA 41°28´N 91°42´W Kalotási, Akrotírio cape Amorgós, Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea Kalpa Himāchal Pradesh, N India 31°33´N 78°16´E Kalpáki Ípeiros, W Greece 39°53´N 20°38´E Kalpeni Island island Lakshadweep, India, N Indian Ocean Kālpi Uttar Pradesh, N India 26°07´N 79°44´E Kalpin Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 40°35´N 78°52´E Kalri Lake c SE Pakistan Kalsel see Kalimantan Selatan Kāl Shūr j N Iran Kalskag Alaska, USA 61°32´N 160°15´W Kalsø see Kalsoy Kalsoy Dan. Kalsø. island N Faroe Islands Kaltag Alaska, USA 64°19´N 158°43´W Kaltara see Kalimantan Utara Kaltbrunn Sankt Gallen, NE Switzerland 47°11´N 09°00´E Kaltdorf see Pruszków Kalteng see Kalimantan Tengah Kaltim see Kalimantan Timur Kaltungo Gombe, E Nigeria 09°49´N 11°22´E Kaluga Kaluzhskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 54°31´N 36°16´E Kalu Ganga j S Sri Lanka Kalulushi Copperbelt, C Zambia 12°50´S 28°03´E Kalumburu Western Australia 14°11´S 126°40´E Kalundborg Sjælland, E Denmark 55°42´N 11°06´E Kalungwishi j N Zambia Kalūr Kot Punjab, E Pakistan 32°08´N 71°20´E Kalush Pol. Kałusz. Ivano-Frankivs’ka Oblast’, W Ukraine 49°02´N 24°20´E Kałusz see Kalush Kałuszyn Mazowieckie, C Poland 52°12´N 21°43´E Kalutara Western Province, SW Sri Lanka 06°35´N 79°59´E Kaluwawa see Fergusson Island Kaluzhskaya Oblast’ r province W Russian Federation Kalvarija Pol. Kalwaria. Marijampolė, S Lithuania 54°25´N 23°13´E Kälviä Keski-Pohjanmaa, W Finland 63°53´N 23°30´E Kalwang Steiermark, E Austria 47°25´N 14°48´E Kalwaria see Kalvarija Kalyān Mahārāshtra, W India 19°17´N 73°11´E Kalyazin Tverskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 57°15´N 37°53´E Kalydón anc. Calydon. site of ancient city Dytikí Elláda, C Greece Kálymnos var. Kálimnos. Kálymnos, Dodekánisa, Greece, Aegean Sea 36°57´N 26°59´E

Administrative Regions International Airport

115 M21 Kálymnos var. Kálimnos. island Dodekánisa, Greece, Aegean Sea 117 O5 Kalynivka Kyyivs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 50°14´N 30°16´E 117 N6 Kalynivka Vinnyts’ka Oblast’, C Ukraine 145 42 165

118 149 83 136 79 141 55

148 171 77

180 149 76 79 123

49°27´N 28°32´E W15 Kalzhat prev. Kol’zhat. Almaty, SE Kazakhstan 43°29´N 80°37´E M10 Kama var. Cama. Región Autónoma Atlántico Sur, SE Nicaragua 12°06´N 83°55´W R9 Kamaishi var. Kamaisi. Iwate, Honshū, C Japan 39°18´N 141°52´E Kamaisi see Kamaishi H13 Kamajai Utena, E Lithuania 55°49´N 25°30´E Kamajai see Toliejai U9 Kamālia Punjab, NE Pakistan 30°44´N 72°39´E I14 Kamalondo North Western, NW Zambia 13°42´S 25°38´E I13 Kaman Kirşehir, C Turkey 39°22´N 33°43´E O20 Kamanyola Sud-Kivu, E Dem. Rep. Congo 02°54´S 29°04´E N14 Kamarān island W Yemen R9 Kamarang W Guyana 05°49´N 60°38´W Kāmāreddi/Kamareddy see Rāmāreddi Kama Reservoir see Kamskoye Vodokhranilishche K13 Kamarod Baluchistān, SW Pakistan 27°34´N 63°36´E P14 Kamaru Pulau Buton, C Indonesia 05°10´S 123°03´E S13 Kamba Kebbi, NW Nigeria 11°50´N 03°44´E Kambaeng Petch see Kamphaeng Phet L12 Kambalda Western Australia 31°15´S 121°33´E P13 Kambar var. Qambar. Sind, SE Pakistan 27°35´N 68°03´E Kambara see Kabara I14 Kambia W Sierra Leone 09°09´N 12°53´W Kambos see Kámpos N25 Kambove Katanga, SE Dem. Rep. Congo 10°50´S 26°39´E Kambryk see Cambrai V10 Kamchatka j E Russian Federation Kamchatka see Kamchatka, Poluostrov Kamchatka Basin see Komandorskaya Basin

123 U10 Kamchatka, Poluostrov Eng. Kamchatka. peninsula E Russian Federation 123 V10 Kamchatskiy Kray r province E Russian Federation 123 V10 Kamchatskiy Zaliv gulf E Russian Federation 114 N9 Kamchia var. Kamchiya. j E Bulgaria 114 L9 Kamchia, Yazovir var. Yazovir Kamchiya. c E Bulgaria Kamchiya see Kamchia Kamchiya, Yazovir see Kamchia, Yazovir 149 T4 Kāmdēsh var. Kamdesh; prev. Kāmdeysh. Nũrestān, E Afghanistan 35°25´N 71°26´E Kamdesh see Kāmdēsh Kāmdeysh see Kāmdēsh Kamen’ see Kamyen’ Kamenets see Kamyanyets Kamenets-Podol’skaya Oblast’ see Khmel’nyts’ka Oblast’ Kamenets-Podol’skiy see Kam”yanets’-Podil’s’kyy 113 Q18 Kamenica NE Macedonia

42°03´N 22°34´E 113 O16 Kamenicë var. Dardanë, Serb. Kosovska Kamenica. E Kosovo 42°37´N 21°33´E 112 A11 Kamenjak, Rt headland NW Croatia 125 O6 Kamenka Arkhangel’skaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 65°55´N 44°01´E 126 6 Kamenka Penzenskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 53°12´N 44°00´E 127 L8 Kamenka Voronezhskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 50°44´N 39°31´E Kamenka see Taskala Kamenka see Camenca Kamenka see Kam”yanka Kamenka-Bugskaya see Kam”yanka-Buz’ka

Kamenka Dneprovskaya see Kam”yanka-Dniprovs’ka Kamen Kashirskiy see Kamin’-Kashyrs’kyy Kamenka-Strumilov see Kam”yanka-Buz’ka 126 L15 Kamennomostskiy Respublika Adygeya, SW Russian Federation

79 L22 Kamiji Kasai-Oriental, S Dem. Rep. Congo 165 T3 164 B15 79 M23 42 C6

116 J2

165 Q5 165 P10 39 Q13 165 U4

164 C11 79 O20 164 B17 11 N16 107 G25 192 K4 109 U11

109 T10 Kamniško-Savinjske Alpe var. Kamniške Alpe, Sanntaler Alpen, Ger. Steiner Alpen. m N Slovenia Kamo see Gavarr 165 R3 Kamoenai var. Kamuenai. Hokkaidō, NE Japan 165 O14 149 W8 82 L13 109 V3 81 F18

50°56´N 45°32´E

Kamenskoye see Romaniv 126 L11 Kamensk-Shakhtinskiy Rostovskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 48°18´N 40°16´E

101 P15 Kamenz Sachsen, E Germany 51°15´N 14°06´E

164 J13 Kameoka Kyōto, Honshū, SW Japan 35°02´N 135°35´E 126 M3 Kameshkovo Vladimirskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 56°21´N 41°01´E

164 C11 Kami-Agata Nagasaki, Tsushima, SW Japan 34°40´N 129°27´E

33 N10 Kamiah Idaho, NW USA

16°28´N 99°31´E Kampo see Campo, Cameroon Kampo see Ntem, Cameroon/ Equatorial Guinea 167 S12 Kâmpóng Cham prev. Kompong Cham. Kâmpóng Cham, C Cambodia 12°N 105°27´E

167 R12 Kâmpóng Chhnăng prev. Kompong. Kâmpóng Chhnăng, C Cambodia

167 R13

167 S12

167 S12

121 O2 167 R14

77 O14

169 Q9 11 V15 76 H13 127 R4

125 U14

154 I12

41°50´N 140°38´E

Mountain Mountain Range

Volcano River

165 T5 165 R3 43 O15 116 K7

117 Q6

116 I5

117 T9

119 F19 118 M13 127 P9 127 Q13 12 K8 36 K8 36 K9 187 Y14 38 G17 38 G17 164 N14

13 Q8

79 K22

36 J7 127 Q4

21 Q4 164 L13 164 L11 166 M4 166 L8 167 O11

155 J19 149 N8 149 N9 167 S13

124 I5

12°15´N 104°40´E

124 K6

13°04´N 104°07´E Kâmpōng Saôm see Sihanoukville Kâmpóng Spoe prev. Kompong Speu. Kâmpóng Spœ, S Cambodia 11°28´N 104°29´E Kâmpóng Thum var. Trâpeăng Vêng. Kâmpóng Thum, C Cambodia 12°37´N 104°58´E Kâmpóng Trâbêk prev. Phumĭ Kâmpóng Trâbêk, Phum Kompong Trabek. Kâmpóng Thum, C Cambodia 13°06´N 105°16´E Kámpos var. Kambos. NW Cyprus 35°03´N 32°44´E Kâmpôt Kâmpôt, SW Cambodia 10°37´N 104°11´E Kamptee see Kāmthi Kampti SW Burkina Faso 10°07´N 03°22´W Kampuchea see Cambodia Kampuchea, Democratic see Cambodia Kampuchea, People’s Democratic Republic of see Cambodia Kampung Sirik Sarawak, East Malaysia 02°42´N 111°28´E Kamsack Saskatchewan, S Canada 51°34´N 101°51´W Kamsar var. Kamissar. Guinée-Maritime, W Guinea 10°33´N 14°34´W Kamskoye Ust’ye Respublika Tatarstan, W Russian Federation 55°13´N 49°11´E Kamskoye Vodokhranilishche var. Kama Reservoir. d NW Russian Federation Kāmthi prev. Kamptee. Mahārāshtra, C India 21°19´N 79°11´E Kamuela see Waimea Kamuenai see Kamoenai Kamui-dake i Hokkaidō, NE Japan 42°24´N 142°57´E Kamui-misaki headland Hokkaidō, NE Japan 43°20´N 140°20´E Kámuk, Cerro l SE Costa Rica 09°15´N 83°01´W Kam”yanets’-Podil’s’kyy Rus. Kamenets-Podol’skiy. Khmel’nyts’ka Oblast’, W Ukraine 48°43´N 26°36´E Kam”yanka Rus. Kamenka. Cherkas’ka Oblast’, C Ukraine 49°03´N 32°06´E

83 G17

167 R12 Kâmpóng Khleăng prev. Kompong Kleang. Siĕmréab, NW Cambodia

46°13´N 116°01´W

Kamień Koszyrski see Kamin’-Kashyrs’kyy 110 H9 Kamień Krajeński Ger. Kamin in Westpreussen. Kujawski-pomorskie, C Poland 53°31´N 17°31´E 111 F15 Kamienna Góra Ger. Landeshut, Landeshut in Schlesien. Dolnośląskie, SW Poland 50°48´N 16°00´E 110 D8 Kamień Pomorski Ger. Cummin in Pommern. Zachodnio-pomorskie, NW Poland 53°57´N 14°44´E 165 R5 Kamiiso Hokkaidō, NE Japan

43°07´N 140°25´E Kamogawa Chiba, Honshū, S Japan 35°05´N 140°04´E Kāmoke Punjab, E Pakistan 31°58´N 74°15´E Kamoto Eastern, E Zambia 13°16´S 32°04´E Kamp j N Austria Kampala a (Uganda) S Uganda 0°20´N 32°28´E

168 K11 Kampar, Sungai j Sumatera, W Indonesia 98 L9 Kampen Overijssel, E Netherlands 52°33´N 05°55´E 79 N20 Kampene Maniema, E Dem. Rep. Congo 03°35´S 26°40´E 29 Q9 Kampeska, Lake c South Dakota, N USA 167 O9 Kamphaeng Phet var. Kambaeng Petch. Kamphaeng Phet, W Thailand

44°13´N 40°12´E

126 L11 Kamenolomni Rostovskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 47°36´N 40°18´E 127 P8 Kamenskiy Saratovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation

06°39´S 23°27´E Kamikawa Hokkaidō, NE Japan 43°51´N 142°47´E Kami-Koshiki-jima island SW Japan Kamina Katanga, S Dem. Rep. Congo 08°42´S 25°01´E Kamina see Kaintiba Kaminaljuyú ruins Guatemala, C Guatemala Kamin in Westpreussen see Kamień Krajeński Kamin’-Kashyrs’kyy Pol. Kamień Koszyrski, Rus. Kamen Kashirskiy. Volyns’ka Oblast’, NW Ukraine 51°39´N 24°59´E Kaminka Strumiłowa see Kam”yanka-Buz’ka Kaminokuni Hokkaidō, NE Japan 41°48´N 140°05´E Kaminoyama Yamagata, Honshū, C Japan 38°10´N 140°16´E Kamishak Bay bay Alaska, USA Kamishihoro Hokkaidō, NE Japan 43°14´N 143°18´E Kamishli see Al Qāmishlī Kamissar see Kamsar Kami-Tsushima Nagasaki, Tsushima, SW Japan 34°40´N 129°27´E Kamituga Sud-Kivu, E Dem. Rep. Congo 03°07´S 28°10´E Kamiyaku Kagoshima, Yaku-shima, SW Japan 30°24´N 130°32´E Kamloops British Columbia, SW Canada 50°39´N 120°24´W Kamma Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 36°46´N 12°03´E Kammu Seamount undersea feature N Pacific Ocean 32°09´N 173°00´E Kamnik Ger. Stein. C Slovenia 46°13´N 14°34´E Kamniške Alpe see Kamniško-Savinjske Alpe

Lake Reservoir

169 U13 118 E8 77 R14 101 F23 186 C7 149 R12 77 S13 149 P14 136 F11 183 S8 148 M16 172 I4 186 F7

155 K25 144 I10

18 D12 64 I11 78 G9

38 D9

124 M5

126 K13

Kam”yanka-Buz’ka prev. Kamenka-Strumilov, Pol. Kaminka Strumiłowa, Rus. Kamenka-Bugskaya. L’vivs’ka Oblast’, NW Ukraine 50°04´N 24°21´E

Kam”yanka-Dniprovs’ka Rus. Kamenka Dneprovskaya. Zaporiz’ka Oblast’, SE Ukraine 47°28´N 34°24´E Kamyanyets Rus. Kamenets. Brestskaya Voblasts’, SW Belarus 52°24´N 23°49´E Kamyen’ Rus. Kamen’. Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’, N Belarus 55°01´N 28°53´E Kamyshin Volgogradskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 50°07´N 45°20´E Kamyzyak Astrakhanskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 46°07´N 48°03´E Kanaaupscow j Québec, C Canada Kanab Utah, W USA 37°03´N 112°31´W Kanab Creek j Arizona/ Utah, SW USA Kanacea prev. Kanathea. Taveuni, N Fiji 16°59´S 179°54´E Kanaga Island island Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA Kanaga Volcano l Kanaga Island, Alaska, USA 51°55´N 177°09´W Kanagawa off. Kanagawaken. r prefecture Honshū, S Japan Kanagawa-ken see Kanagawa Kanairiktok j Newfoundland and Labrador, E Canada Kanaky see New Caledonia Kananga prev. Luluabourg. Kasai-Occidental, S Dem. Rep. Congo 05°51´S 22°22´E Kanara see Karnātaka Kanarraville Utah, W USA 37°32´N 113°10´W Kanash Chuvashskaya Respublika, W Russian Federation 55°30´N 47°27´E Kanathea see Kanacea Kanawha River j West Virginia, NE USA Kanayama Gifu, Honshū, SW Japan 35°46´N 137°15´E Kanazawa Ishikawa, Honshū, SW Japan 36°35´N 136°40´E Kanbalu Sagaing, C Myanmar (Burma) 23°10´N 95°31´E Kanbe Yangon, SW Myanmar (Burma) 16°40´N 96°01´E Kanchanaburi Kanchanaburi, W Thailand 14°02´N 99°32´E Kanchanjańghā/ Kānchenjunga see Kangchenjunga Kānchīpuram prev. Conjeeveram. Tamil Nādu, SE India 12°50´N 79°44´E Kandahār Per. Qandahār. Kandahār, S Afghanistan 31°36´N 65°48´E Kandahār Per. Qandahār. r province SE Afghanistan Kândal var. Ta Khmau. Kândal, S Cambodia 11°30´N 104°59´E Kandalakša see Kandalaksha Kandalaksha var. Kandalakša, Fin. Kantalahti. Murmanskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 67°09´N 32°14´E Kandalaksha Gulf/ Kandalakshskaya Guba see Kandalakshskiy Zaliv Kandalakshskiy Zaliv var. Kandalakshskaya Guba, Eng. Kandalaksha Gulf. bay NW Russian Federation Kandalengoti var. Kandalengoti. Ngamiland, NW Botswana 19°25´S 22°12´E Kandalengoti see Kandalengoti Kandangan Borneo, C Indonesia 02°50´S 115°15´E Kandau see Kandava Kandava Ger. Kandau. W Latvia 57°02´N 22°48´E Kandavu see Kadavu Kandé var. Kanté. NE Togo 09°55´N 01°01´E Kandel l SW Germany 48°03´N 08°00´E Kandep Enga, W Papua New Guinea 05°54´S 143°34´E Kandh Kot Sind, SE Pakistan 28°15´N 69°18´E Kandi N Benin 11°05´N 02°59´E Kandiāro Sind, SE Pakistan 27°02´N 68°16´E Kandıra Kocaeli, NW Turkey 41°05´N 30°08´E Kandos New South Wales, SE Australia 32°52´S 149°58´E Kandrāch var. Kanrach. Baluchistān, SW Pakistan 25°26´N 65°28´E Kandreho Mahajanga, C Madagascar 17°27´S 46°06´E Kandrian New Britain, E Papua New Guinea 06°14´S 149°32´E Kandukur see Kondukūr Kandy Central Province, C Sri Lanka 07°17´N 80°40´E Kandyagash Kaz. Qandyaghash; prev. Oktyab’rsk. Aktyubinsk, W Kazakhstan 49°25´N 57°24´E Kane Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°39´N 78°47´W Kane Fracture Zone tectonic feature NW Atlantic Ocean Kanëka see Kanëvka Kanem off. Région du Kanem. r region W Chad Kanem, Région du see Kanem Kāne‘ohe var. Kaneohe. O‘ahu, Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 21°25´N 157°48´W Kanestron, Akrotírio see Palioúri, Akrotírio Kanëv see Kaniv Kanëvka var. Kanëka. Murmanskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 67°07´N 39°43´E Kanevskaya Krasnodarskiy Kray, SW Russian Federation 46°07´N 38°57´E

267

KanevsKoye vodoKhranilishche – Kāsganj 165 83 76 136 168 76 182 93 142

153

160 169 169 67 197 197 167 163 197

13

12

12

158

79 152 153 159 159

76 166 79 169 185 185 188 125 125

125 125 139 139

165 117 182 117

112

93 30 31 76 154 76 169

164 21 93 93 77 77 77

Kanevskoye Vodokhranilishche see Kanivs’ke Vodoskhovyshche P9 Kaneyama Yamagata, Honshū, C Japan 38°54´N 140°20´E G20 Kang Kgalagadi, C Botswana 23°41´S 22°50´E L13 Kangaba Koulikoro, SW Mali 11°57´N 08°24´W M13 Kangal Sivas, C Turkey 39°15´N 37°23´E Kangān see Bandar-e Kangān J6 Kangar Perlis, Peninsular Malaysia 06°28´N 100°10´E L13 Kangaré Sikasso, S Mali 11°39´N 08°10´W F10 Kangaroo Island island South Australia M17 Kangasniemi Etelä-Savo, E Finland 61°58´N 26°37´E K6 Kangāvar var. Kangāwar. Kermānshāhān, W Iran 34°29´N 47°55´E Kangāwar see Kangāvar S11 Kangchenjunga var. Kānchenjunga, Nep. Kanchanjańghā. l NE India 27°36´N 88°06´E G9 Kangding var. Lucheng, Tib. Dardo. Sichuan, C China 30°03´N 101°56´E U16 Kangean, Kepulauan island group S Indonesia T16 Kangean, Pulau island Kepulauan Kangean, S Indonesia U8 Kangen var. Kengen. j E South Sudan N14 Kangerlussuaq Dan. Sondre Strømfjord. k Qeqqata, W Greenland 66°59´N 50°28´E Q15 Kangertittivaq Dan. Scoresby Sund. fjord E Greenland O2 Kangfang Kachin State, N Myanmar (Burma) 26°09´N 98°36´E X12 Kanggye N North Korea 40°58´N 126°37´E P15 Kangikajik var. Kap Brewster. headland E Greenland 70°10´N 22°00´W N5 Kangiqsualujjuaq prev. George River, Port-NouveauQuébec. Québec, E Canada 58°35´N 65°59´W L2 Kangiqsujuaq prev. Maricourt, Wakeham Bay. Québec, NE Canada 61°35´N 72°00´W M4 Kangirsuk prev. Bellin, Payne. Québec, E Canada 60°00´N 70°01´W Kangle see Wanzai M16 Kangmar Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 28°34´N 89°40´E Kangnŭng see Gangneung D18 Kango Estuaire, NW Gabon 0°17´N 10°00´E I7 Kāngra Himāchal Pradesh, NW India 32°04´N 76°16´E Q16 Kangsabati Reservoir d N India O17 Kangto l China/India 27°54´N 92°33´E W12 Kangxian var. Kang Xian, Zuitai, Zuitaizi. Gansu, C China 33°21´N 105°40´E Kang Xian see Kangxian M15 Kani NW Ivory Coast 08°29´N 06°36´W L4 Kani Sagaing, C Myanmar (Burma) 22°24´N 94°55´E M23 Kaniama Katanga, S Dem. Rep. Congo 07°32´S 24°11´E Kanibadam see Konibodom V6 Kanibongan Sabah, East Malaysia 06°40´N 117°12´E F17 Kaniere West Coast, South Island, New Zealand 42°45´S 171°00´E G17 Kaniere, Lake c South Island, New Zealand E17 Kanifaay Yap, W Micronesia O4 Kanin Kamen’ m NW Russian Federation N3 Kanin Nos Nenetskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug, NW Russian Federation 68°38´N 43°19´E N3 Kanin Nos, Mys cape NW Russian Federation O5 Kanin, Poluostrov peninsula NW Russian Federation V8 Kānī Sakht Wāsiţ, E Iraq 33°19´N 46°04´E T3 Kanî Slêman Ar. Kānī Sulaymān. Arbīl, N Iraq 35°54´N 44°35´E Kānī Sulaymān see Kanî Slêman Q6 Kanita Aomori, Honshū, C Japan 41°04´N 140°36´E Q5 Kaniv Rus. Kanëv. Cherkas’ka Oblast’, C Ukraine 49°46´N 31°28´E K11 Kaniva Victoria, SE Australia 36°25´S 141°13´E Q5 Kanivs’ke Vodoskhovyshche Rus. Kanevskoye Vodokhranilishche. d C Ukraine L8 Kanjiža Ger. Altkanischa, Hung. Magyarkanizsa, Ókanizsa; prev. Stara Kanjiža. Vojvodina, N Serbia 46°03´N 20°03´E K18 Kankaanpää Satakunta, SW Finland 61°47´N 22°25´E M12 Kankakee Illinois, N USA 41°07´N 87°51´W O11 Kankakee River j Illinois/ Indiana, N USA K14 Kankan E Guinea 10°25´N 09°19´W K13 Kānker Chhattīsgarh, C India 20°19´N 81°29´E J10 Kankossa Assaba, S Mauritania 15°54´N 11°31´W N12 Kanmaw Kyun var. Kisseraing, Kithareng. island Mergui Archipelago, S Myanmar (Burma) F12 Kanmuri-yama l Kyūshū, SW Japan 34°28´N 132°03´E R10 Kannapolis North Carolina, SE USA 35°30´N 80°36´W L16 Kannonkoski Keski-Suomi, C Finland 62°59´N 25°20´E K15 Kannus Keski-Pohjanmaa, W Finland 63°55´N 23°55´E V13 Kano Kano, N Nigeria 11°56´N 08°31´E V13 Kano r state N Nigeria V13 Kano k Kano, N Nigeria 11°56´N 08°26´E

268

164 G14 Kan’onji var. Kanonzi. Kagawa, Shikoku, SW Japan 26 M5 36 K5 169 R9 164 C16 152 L13

164 I14 27 R9 26 L5

27 R4 27 R4 27 R3 27 P4 122 L14

147 V7 93 L19

167 N16 115 H25 77 R12

34°08´N 133°38´E Kanonzi see Kan’onji Kanopolis Lake d Kansas, C USA Kanosh Utah, W USA 38°48´N 112°26´W Kanowit Sarawak, East Malaysia 02°03´N 112°15´E Kanoya Kagoshima, Kyūshū, SW Japan 31°22´N 130°50´E Kānpur Eng. Cawnpore. Uttar Pradesh, N India 26°28´N 80°21´E Kanrach see Kandrāch Kansai k (Ōsaka) Ōsaka, Honshū, SW Japan 34°25´N 135°13´E Kansas Oklahoma, C USA 36°14´N 94°46´W Kansas off. State of Kansas, also known as Jayhawker State, Sunflower State. r state C USA Kansas City Kansas, C USA 39°07´N 94°38´W Kansas City Missouri, C USA 39°06´N 94°35´W Kansas City k Missouri, C USA 39°18´N 94°45´W Kansas River j Kansas, C USA Kansk Krasnoyarskiy Kray, S Russian Federation 56°11´N 95°32´E Kansu see Gansu Kant Chuyskaya Oblast’, N Kyrgyzstan 42°54´N 74°47´E Kanta-Häme Swe. Egentliga Tavastland. r region S Finland Kantalahti see Kandalaksha Kantang var. Ban Kantang. Trang, SW Thailand 07°25´N 99°30´E Kántanos Kríti, Greece, E Mediterranean Sea 35°20´N 23°42´E Kantchari E Burkina Faso 12°47´N 01°37´E Kanté see Kandé Kantemir see Cantemir

Kantemirovka Voronezhskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation

126 L9

49°44´N 39°53´E 167 R11 Kantharalak Si Sa Ket, E Thailand 14°32´N 104°37´E Kantipur see Kathmandu 39 Q9 Kantishna River j Alaska, USA 191 S3 Kanton var. Abariringa, Canton Island; prev. Mary Island. atoll Phoenix Islands, C Kiribati 97 C20 Kanturk Ir. Ceann Toirc. Cork, SW Ireland 52°12´N 08°54´W

55 T11 Kanuku Mountains m S Guyana 165 O12 Kanuma Tochigi, Honshū, S Japan 36°34´N 139°44´E 83 H20 Kanye Southern, SE Botswana 83 H17 166 M7 79 M24 193 Y15 167 Q13

83 B17 76 G11

186 M8 83 H14 38 B8

24°55´S 25°14´E Kanyu North-West, C Botswana 20°04´S 24°36´E Kanyutkwin Bago, C Myanmar (Burma) 18°19´N 96°30´E Kanzenze Katanga, SE Dem. Rep. Congo 10°33´S 25°28´E Kao island Kotu Group, W Tonga Kaôh Kŏng var. Krŏng Kaôh Kŏng. Kaôh Kông, SW Cambodia 11°37´N 102°59´E Kaohsiung see Gaoxiong Kaokaona see Kirakira Kaoko Veld m N Namibia Kaolack var. Kaolak. W Senegal 14°09´N 16°08´W Kaolak see Kaolack Kaolan see Lanzhou Kaolo San Jorge, N Solomon Islands 08°24´S 159°35´E Kaoma Western, W Zambia 14°50´S 24°48´E Kapa‘a var. Kapaa. Kaua‘i, Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 22°04´N 159°19´W Kapaa see Kapa‘a

113 J16 Kapa Moračka l C Montenegro 42°53´N 19°01´E

137 V13 Kapan Rus. Kafan; prev. Ghap’an. SE Armenia 39°13´N 46°25´E

82 L13 Kapandashila Muchinga, NE Zambia 12°43´S 31°00´E 79 L23 Kapanga Katanga, S Dem. Rep. Congo 08°22´S 22°37´E Kapchagay see Kapshagay Kapchagayskoye Vodokhranilishche see Vodokhranilishche Kapshagay 99 F15 Kapelle Zeeland, SW Netherlands 51°29´N 03°58´E

99 G16 Kapellen Antwerpen, N Belgium 51°19´N 04°25´E 95 P15 Kapellskär Stockholm, C Sweden 59°43´N 19°03´E 81 H18 Kapenguria West Pokit, W Kenya 01°14´N 35°08´E 109 V6 Kapfenberg Steiermark, C Austria 47°27´N 15°18´E 83 J14 Kapiri Mposhi Central, C Zambia 13°59´S 28°40´E 149 R4 Kāpīsā r province E Afghanistan 12 G10 Kapiskau j Ontario, C Canada 184 K13 Kapiti Island island C New Zealand 78 K9 Kapka, Massif du m E Chad Kaplamada see Kaubalatmada, Gunung 22 H9 Kaplan Louisiana, S USA 30°00´N 92°16´W

Kaplangky, Plato see Gaplaňgyr Platosy 111 D19 Kaplice Ger. Kaplitz. Jihočeský Kraj, S Czech Republic 48°42´N 14°27´E Kaplitz see Kaplice Kapoche see Capoche 171 T12 Kapocol Papua Barat, E Indonesia 01°59´S 130°11´E 167 N14 Kapoe Ranong, SW Thailand 09°33´N 98°37´E Kapoeas see Kapuas, Sungai 81 G15 Kapoeta Eastern Equatoria, SE South Sudan 04°50´N 33°35´E 111 I25 Kapos j S Hungary 111 H25 Kaposvár Somogy, SW Hungary 46°23´N 17°54´E

Country Country Capital

94 H13 Kapp Oppland, S Norway 100 I7 109 P7

60°42´N 10°49´E

Kappeln Schleswig-Holstein, N Germany 54°41´N 09°56´E Kaproncza see Koprivnica Kaprun Salzburg, C Austria

47°15´N 12°48´E 145 U15 Kapshagay prev. Kapchagay. Almaty, SE Kazakhstan 43°52´N 77°05´E Kapstad see Cape Town Kapsukas see Marijampolė 171 Y13 Kaptiau Papua, E Indonesia 02°23´S 139°51´E 119 L19 Kaptsevichy Rus. Koptsevichi. Homyel’skaya Voblasts’, SE Belarus 52°14´N 28°19´E

169 S10

169 P11 169 T13 182 J9 152 H8 12 G12 14 D6 127 P11

82 K11 111 G22

119 J17 43 N9 77 R14 77 Q14 147 U7 144 L7

144 G11 146 E7

145 R15 136 H11 136 H11 122 L12 145 V14 145 Y11 145 Q17

136 C17 144 K10 136 D12 114 O12 114 M12

126 L15

126 M15

126 J6 149 O16 149 O16

155 E15 136 H16 147 T10

146 B13

145 R10

145 R10

Kapuas Hulu, Banjaran/ Kapuas Hulu, Pegunungan see Kapuas Mountains Kapuas Mountains Ind. Banjaran Kapuas Hulu, Pegunungan Kapuas Hulu. m Indonesia/Malaysia Kapuas, Sungai j Borneo, N Indonesia Kapuas, Sungai prev. Kapoeas. j Borneo, C Indonesia Kapunda South Australia 34°23´S 138°51´E Kapūrthala Punjab, N India 31°20´N 75°26´E Kapuskasing Ontario, S Canada 49°25´N 82°26´W Kapuskasing j Ontario, S Canada Kapustin Yar Astrakhanskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 48°36´N 45°49´E Kaputa Northern, NE Zambia 08°28´S 29°41´E Kapuvár Győr-MosonSopron, NW Hungary 47°35´N 17°01´E Kapydzhik, Gora see Qazangödağ Kapyl’ Rus. Kopyl’. Minskaya Voblasts’, C Belarus 53°09´N 27°05´E Kara var. Cara. Región Autónoma Atlántico Sur, E Nicaragua 12°50´N 83°35´W Kara var. Lama-Kara. NE Togo 09°33´N 01°12´E Kara j N Togo Kara-Balta Chuyskaya Oblast’, N Kyrgyzstan 42°51´N 73°51´E Karabalyk var. Komsomolets, Kaz. Komsomol. Kostanay, N Kazakhstan 53°47´N 61°58´E Karabau Kaz. Qarabaū. Atyrau, W Kazakhstan 48°29´N 53°05´E Karabaur’, Uval Kaz. Korabavur Pastligi, Uzb. Qorabowur Kirlari. physical region Kazakhstan/Uzbekistan Karabekaul see Garabekewül Karabil’, Vozvyshennost’ see Garabil Belentligi Kara-Bogaz-Gol see Garabogazköl Kara-Bogaz-Gol, Zaliv see Garabogaz Aylagy Karaboget Kaz. Qaraböget. Zhambyl, S Kazakhstan 44°36´N 72°03´E Karabük Karabük, NW Turkey 41°12´N 32°36´E Karabük r province NW Turkey Karabula Krasnoyarskiy Kray, C Russian Federation 58°01´N 97°17´E Karabulak Kaz. Qarabulaq. Taldykorgan, SE Kazakhstan 44°53´N 78°29´E Karabulak Kaz. Qarabulaq. Vostochnyy Kazakhstan, E Kazakhstan 47°34´N 84°40´E Karabulak Kaz. Qarabulaq. Yuzhnyy Kazakhstan, S Kazakhstan 42°31´N 69°47´E Karabura see Yumin Kara Burnu headland SW Turkey 36°34´N 28°00´E Karabutak Kaz. Qarabutaq. Aktyubinsk, W Kazakhstan 49°55´N 60°05´E Karacabey Bursa, NW Turkey 40°14´N 28°22´E Karacaköy İstanbul, NW Turkey 41°24´N 28°21´E Karacaoğlan Kırklareli, NW Turkey 41°30´N 27°06´E Karachay-Cherkessia see Karachayevo-Cherkesskaya Respublika KarachayevoCherkesskaya Respublika Eng. Karachay-Cherkessia. r autonomous republic SW Russian Federation Karachayevsk KarachayevoCherkesskaya Respublika, SW Russian Federation 43°43´N 41°53´E Karachev Bryanskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 53°07´N 35°56´E Karāchi Sind, SE Pakistan 24°51´N 67°02´E Karāchi k Sind, S Pakistan 24°51´N 67°02´E Karácsonkő see Piatra-Neam Karād Mahārāshtra, W India 17°19´N 74°15´E Karadağ l S Turkey 37°00´N 33°00´E Karadar’ya Uzb. Qoradaryo. j Kyrgyzstan/Uzbekistan Karadeniz see Black Sea Karadeniz Boğazi see İstanbul Boğazı Karadepe Balkan Welaýaty, W Turkmenistan 38°04´N 54°01´E Karadzhar see Qorajar Karaferiye see Véroia Karagan see Garagan Karaganda see Karagandy Karaganda see Karagandy Karagandinskaya Oblast’ see Karagandy Karagandy Kaz. Qaraghandy; prev. Karaganda. Karaganda, C Kazakhstan 49°53´N 73°07´E Karagandy off. Karagandinskaya Oblast’, Kaz. Qaraghandy Oblysy; prev. Karaganda. r province C Kazakhstan

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

145 T10 Karagayly Kaz. Qaraghayly. Karaganda, C Kazakhstan 49°25´N 75°31´E Karagel’ see Garagöl’

123 U9 Karaginskiy, Ostrov island E Russian Federation 197 T1 Karaginskiy Zaliv bay E Russian Federation 137 P13 Karagöl Dağları m NE Turkey Karagumskiy Kanal see Garagum Kanaly 114 L13 Karahisar Edirne, NW Turkey 40°47´N 26°34´E 127 V3 Karaidel’ Respublika Bashkortostan, W Russian Federation 55°50´N 56°55´E 114 L13 Karaidemir Barajı d NW Turkey 155 J21 Kāraikāl Puducherry, SE India 10°58´N 79°50´E 155 I22 Kāraikkudi Tamil Nādu, SE India 10°04´N 78°46´E Kara Irtysh see Kara Yertis 143 N5 Karaj Alborz, N Iran 35°44´N 51°26´E

Karak Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia 03°24´N 101°59´E Karak see Al Karak 147 T11 Kara-Kabak Oshskaya Oblast’, SW Kyrgyzstan 168 K8

39°40´N 72°45´E Kara-Kala see Magtymguly Karakala see Oqqal’a

158 G10 121 X8 171 Q9

147 X8 147 Y7

149 W2 149 Z3 152 I3

145 P14 83 F19 147 T9

147 U10 127 T3

Karakalpakstan, Respublika see Qoraqalpog‘iston Respublikasi Karakalpakya see Qoraqalpog‘iston Karakax see Moyu Karakax He j NW China Karakaya Barajı d C Turkey Karakelong, Pulau island N Indonesia Karakılısse see Ağrı Karak, Muḩāfaat al see Al Karak Karakol var. Karakolka. Issyk-Kul’skaya Oblast’, NE Kyrgyzstan 41°30´N 77°18´E Karakol prev. Przheval’sk. Issyk-Kul’skaya Oblast’, NE Kyrgyzstan 42°32´N 78°21´E Kara-Köl see Kara-Kul’ Karakolka see Karakol Karakoram Highway road China/Pakistan Karakoram Pass Chin. Karakoram Shankou. pass C Asia Karakoram Range m C Asia Karakoram Shankou see Karakoram Pass Karaköse see Ağrı Karakoyyn, Ozero Kaz. Qaraqoyyn. c C Kazakhstan Karakubis Ghanzi, W Botswana 22°03´S 20°36´E Kara-Kul’ Kir. Kara-Köl. Dzhalal-Abadskaya Oblast’, W Kyrgyzstan 40°35´N 73°36´E Karakul’ see Qarokŭl, Tajikistan Karakul’ see Qorako‘l, Uzbekistan Kara-Kul’dzha Oshskaya Oblast’, SW Kyrgyzstan 40°32´N 73°50´E Karakulino Udmurtskaya Respublika, NW Russian Federation 56°02´N 53°45´E Karakul’, Ozero see Qarokŭl Kara Kum see Garagum

Kara Kum Canal/ Karakumskiy Kanal see Garagum Kanaly Karakumy, Peski see Garagum 83 E17 Karakuwisa Okavango, NE Namibia 18°56´S 19°40´E 122 M13 Karam Irkutskaya Oblast’, S Russian Federation

55°07´N 107°21´E Karamai see Karamay 169 T14 Karamain, Pulau island N Indonesia 136 I16 Karaman Karaman, S Turkey 37°11´N 33°13´E 136 H16 Karaman r province S Turkey

114 M8 Karamandere j NE Bulgaria 158 J4 Karamay var. Karamai, Kelamayi; prev. Chin. K’o-lama-i. Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 45°33´N 84°45´E 169 U14 Karambu Borneo, N Indonesia 03°48´S 116°06´E 185 H14 Karamea West Coast, South Island, New Zealand 41°15´S 172°07´E

185 H14 Karamea j South Island, New Zealand 185 G15 Karamea Bight gulf South Island, New Zealand Karamet-Niyaz see Garamätnyýaz 158 K10 Karamiran He j NW China 147 S11 Karamyk Oshskaya Oblast’, SW Kyrgyzstan 39°28´N 71°45´E 169 U17 Karangasem Bali, S Indonesia 08°24´S 115°40´E 154 H12 Kāranja Mahārāshtra, C India 152 F9

20°30´N 77°26´E Karanpur see Karanpura Karanpura var. Karanpur. Rājasthān, NW India 29°46´N 73°30´E

Karánsebes/Karansebesch see Caransebeş 145 T14 Karaoy Kaz. Qaraoy. Almaty, SE Kazakhstan 45°52´N 74°44´E

144 E10 Karaozen Kaz. Ülkenözen; prev. Bol’shoy Uzen’. j Kazakhstan/Russian Federation 114 N7 Karapelit Rom. Stejarul. Dobrich, NE Bulgaria 43°40´N 27°33´E

136 I15 Karapınar Konya, C Turkey

37°43´N 33°34´E 83 D22 Karas r district S Namibia 147 Y8 Kara-Say Issyk-Kul’skaya Oblast’, NE Kyrgyzstan 41°34´N 77°56´E 83 E22 Karasburg Karas, S Namibia 27°59´S 18°46´E Kara Sea see Karskoye More 92 K9 Kárášjohka var. Karašjokka. j N Norway Kárášjohka see Karasjok 92 L9 Karasjok Fin. Kaarasjoki, Lapp. Kárášjohka. Finnmark, N Norway 69°27´N 25°28´E Karašjokka see Kárášjohka Kara Strait see Karskiye Vorota, Proliv

Administrative Regions International Airport

145 N8 Karasu Kaz. Qarasū. Kostanay, N Kazakhstan 136 F11

122 I12 145 U13 136 K17 145 Q16

145 P16 144 G13 164 C13

122 K8

115 D16 115 F22 113 J20

118 I5 115 L23 169 O15 109 T10 137 R13 145 Y11 145 Q12 139 S9 139 S9

94 L11 111 M23

114 N7 115 L18

115 E16 118 E4 114 J11

114 K11

52°44´N 65°29´E Karasu Sakarya, NW Turkey 41°07´N 30°37´E Kara Su see Mesta/Néstos Karasubazar see Bilohirs’k Karasuk Novosibirskaya Oblast’, C Russian Federation 53°41´N 78°04´E Karatal Kaz. Qaratal. j SE Kazakhstan Karataş Adana, S Turkey 36°32´N 35°22´E Karatau Kaz. Qarataū. Zhambyl, S Kazakhstan 43°09´N 70°28´E Karatau see Karatau, Khrebet Karatau, Khrebet var. Karatau, Kaz. Qarataū. m S Kazakhstan Karaton Kaz. Qaraton. Atyrau, W Kazakhstan 46°33´N 53°31´E Karatsu var. Karatu. Saga, Kyūshū, SW Japan 33°28´N 129°48´E Karatu see Karatsu Karaul Krasnoyarskiy Kray, N Russian Federation 70°07´N 83°12´E Karaulbazar see Qorowulbozor Karauzyak see Qorao‘zak Karáva l C Greece 39°19´N 21°33´E Karavanke see Karawanken Karavás Kýthira, S Greece 36°21´N 22°57´E Karavastasë, Laguna e var. Kënet’ e Karavastas, Kravasta Lagoon. lagoon W Albania Karavastas, Kënet’ e see Karavastasë, Laguna e Käravere Tartumaa, E Estonia 58°25´N 26°29´E Karavonísia island Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea Karawang prev. Krawang. Jawa, C Indonesia 06°13´S 107°16´E Karawanken Slvn. Karavanke. m Austria/Serbia Karaxahar see Kaidu He Karayazı Erzurum, NE Turkey 39°40´N 42°09´E Kara Yertis prev. Kara Irtysh Rus. Chërnyy Irtysh. j NE Kazakhstan Karazhal Kaz. Qarazhal. Karaganda, C Kazakhstan 48°002´N 70°52´E Karbalā’ var. Kerbala, Kerbela. Karbalā’, S Iraq 32°37´N 44°03´E Karbalā’ off. Muḩāfaᶎat Karbalā’. r governorate S Iraq Karbalā’, Muḩāfaᶎat see Karbalā’ Kårböle Gävleborg, C Sweden 61°59´N 15°16´E Karcag Jász-NagykunSzolnok, E Hungary 47°22´N 20°51´E Kardak see Imia Kardam Dobrich, NE Bulgaria 43°45´N 28°06´E Kardamila see Kardámyla Kardámyla var. Kardamila, Kardhámila. Chíos, E Greece 38°33´N 26°04´E Kardeljevo see Ploče Kardh see Qardho Kardhámila see Kardámyla Kardhítsa see Kardítsa Kardítsa var. Kardhítsa. Thessalía, C Greece 39°22´N 21°56´E Kärdla Ger. Kertel. Hiiumaa, W Estonia 59°00´N 22°42´E Kărdžali see Kardzhali Kardzhali var. Kŭrdzhali, Kărdžali, Kirdzhali. Kardzhali, S Bulgaria 41°39´N 25°23´E Kardzhali var Kŭrdzhali. r province S Bulgaria

114 J11 Kardzhali, Yazovir var. Yazovir Kŭrdzhali. d S Bulgaria Karelia see Kareliya, Respublika 119 I16 Karelichy Pol. Korelicze, Rus. Korelichi. Hrodzyenskaya Voblasts’, W Belarus 53°34´N 26°08´E 124 I10 Kareliya, Respublika prev. Karel’skaya ASSR, Eng. Karelia. r autonomous republic NW Russian Federation Karel’skaya ASSR see Kareliya, Respublika 81 E22 Karema Katavi, W Tanzania 06°50´S 30°25´E Karen see Hualian 83 I14 Karenda Central, C Zambia 14°42´S 26°52´E Karen State see Kayin State 92 J10 Karesuando Fin. Kaaresuanto, Lapp. Gárasavvon. Norrbotten, N Sweden 68°25´N 22°28´E Karet see Kâgheṭ

Kareyz-e-Elyās/Kārez Iliās see Kārīz-e Elyās 122 J11 Kargasok Tomskaya Oblast’, C Russian Federation 59°01´N 80°34´E

122 I12 Kargat Novosibirskaya Oblast’, C Russian Federation 136 J11 152 I5 124 L11 110 F12 77 X13 83 J15 83 J16 165 Q4 83 C19 92 L9 184 J2

55°07´N 80°19´E Kargı Çorum, N Turkey 41°09´N 34°32´E Kargil Jammu and Kashmir, NW India 34°34´N 76°06´E Kargilik see Yecheng Kargopol’ Arkhangel’skaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 61°30´N 38°53´E Kargowa Ger. Unruhstadt. Lubuskie, W Poland 52°05´N 15°50´E Kari Bauchi, E Nigeria 11°13´N 10°34´E Kariba Mashonaland West, N Zimbabwe 16°29´S 28°48´E Kariba, Lake d Zambia/ Zimbabwe Kariba-yama l Hokkaidō, NE Japan 42°36´N 139°55´E Karibib Erongo, C Namibia 21°56´S 15°51´E Karies see Karyés Karigasniemi Lapp. Garegegasnjárga. Lappi, N Finland 69°24´N 25°52´E Karikari, Cape headland North Island, New Zealand 34°47´S 173°24´E

Mountain Mountain Range

149 W3 Karīmābād prev. Hunza. Jammu and Kashmir, NE Pakistan 36°23´N 74°43´E 169 P12 Karimata, Kepulauan island group N Indonesia 169 P12 Karimata, Pulau island Kepulauan Karimata, N Indonesia 169 O11 Karimata, Selat strait W Indonesia 155 I14 Karīmnagar Telangana, C India 18°28´N 79°09´E 186 C7 Karimui Chimbu, C Papua New Guinea 06°19´S 144°48´E 169 Q15 Karimunjawa, Pulau island S Indonesia 80 N12 Karin Woqooyi Galbeed, N Somalia 10°48´N 45°46´E Kariot see Ikaría 93 L20 Karis Fin. Karjaa. Uusimaa, SW Finland 60°05´N 23°39´E Káristos see Kárystos 148 J4 Kārīz-e Elyās var. Kareyz-e-Elyās, Kārez Iliās. Herāt, NW Afghanistan

145 T10 186 D6 143 N7 142 K8 115 L20

117 R12

93 L19 93 M19 182 G9 118 D5

110 F7

137 Q13 117 U6

112 C11 112 D9 112 C10

111 A16 115 M19

114 J9 111 A16

95 L17 95 L22 95 L16 95 M22 101 G21 95 K16 29 R3 101 I18 39 Q14 119 O17 155 F14 146 M11 138 G8 95 B16 152 I9

35°26´N 61°24´E Karjaa see Karis Karkaralinsk see Karkaraly Karkaraly prev. Karkaralinsk. Karaganda, E Kazakhstan 49°31´N 75°53´E Karkar Island island N Papua New Guinea Karkas, Kūh-e m C Iran Karkheh, Rūd-e j SW Iran Karkinágri var. Karkinagrio. Ikaría, Dodekánisa, Greece, Aegean Sea 37°31´N 26°01´E Karkinagrio see Karkinágri Karkinits’ka Zatoka Rus. Karkinitskiy Zaliv. gulf S Ukraine Karkinitskiy Zaliv see Karkinits’ka Zatoka Karkkila Swe. Högfors. Uusimaa, S Finland 60°32´N 24°10´E Kärkölä Päijät-Häme, S Finland 60°52´N 25°17´E Karkoo South Australia 34°03´S 135°45´E Karkūk see Āltūn Kūbrî Kärla Ger. Kergel. Saaremaa, W Estonia 58°20´N 22°15´E Karleby see Kokkola Karlino Ger. Körlin an der Persante. Zachodiniopomorskie, NW Poland 54°02´N 15°52´E Karlıova Bingöl, E Turkey 39°16´N 41°01´E Karlivka Poltavs’ka Oblast’, C Ukraine 49°27´N 35°08´E Karl-Marx-Stadt see Chemnitz Karlö see Hailuoto Karlobag It. Carlopago. Lika-Senj, W Croatia 44°31´N 15°06´E Karlovac Ger. Karlstadt, Hung. Károlyváros. Karlovac, C Croatia 45°29´N 15°31´E Karlovac off. Karlovačka Županija. r province C Croatia Karlovačka Županija see Karlovac Karlovarský Kraj r  W Czech Republic Karlovási var. Néon Karlovásion, Néon Karlovasi. Sámos, Dodekánisa, Greece, Aegean Sea 37°47´N 26°40´E Karlovo prev. Levskigrad. Plovdiv, C Bulgaria 42°38´N 24°49´E Karlovy Vary Ger. Karlsbad; prev. Eng. Carlsbad. Karlovarský Kraj, W Czech Republic 50°13´N 12°51´E Karlsbad see Karlovy Vary Karlsborg Västra Götaland, S Sweden 58°32´N 14°32´E Karlsburg see Alba Iulia Karlshamn Blekinge, S Sweden 56°10´N 14°50´E Karlskoga Örebro, C Sweden 59°19´N 14°33´E Karlskrona Blekinge, S Sweden 56°11´N 15°39´E Karlsruhe var. Carlsruhe. Baden-Württemberg, SW Germany 49°01´N 08°24´E Karlstad Värmland, C Sweden 59°22´N 13°36´E Karlstad Minnesota, N USA 48°34´N 96°31´W Karlstadt Bayern, C Germany 49°58´N 09°46´E Karlstadt see Karlovac Karluk Kodiak Island, Alaska, USA 57°34´N 154°27´W Karluk see Qarluq Karma Rus. Korma. Homyel’skaya Voblasts’, SE Belarus 53°07´N 30°48´E Karmāla Mahārāshtra, W India 18°26´N 75°08´E Karmana Navoiy Viloyati, C Uzbekistan 40°09´N 65°18´E Karmi’el var. Carmiel. Northern, N Israel 32°55´N 35°18´E Karmøy island S Norway Karnāl Haryāna, N India 29°41´N 76°58´E

153 W15 Karnaphuli Reservoir d NE India 155 F17 Karnātaka var. Kanara; prev. Maisur, Mysore. r state W India 25 S13 Karnes City Texas, SW USA

149 S9

171 N12

115 L22 115 N24 115 N24

115 N24

115 E17

125 O8 180 I7 137 S12 137 S12 145 O12 93 L15

118 K9

84 I5 122 J6 93 L17 127 Q5 122 F11 18 E13 110 I7 165 R8 181 U4 142 L10 92 K13 92 K13 155 H21 93 K17 111 J17

155 E17 108 M7 115 I14 115 I19 136 E17 39 Y14 164 I13 79 K21 79 K22

79 L21

79 L24 82 L12 83 H16 81 E23 79 G21

28°54´N 97°55´W

Karnische Alpen It. Alpi Carniche. m Austria/Italy 114 M9 Karnobat Burgas, E Bulgaria

155 E20

109

118 P13

109 P9

83

82 147

182

Volcano River

42°39´N 26°59´E Q9 Kärnten off. Land Kärten, Eng. Carinthi, Slvn. Koroška. r state S Austria Karnul see Kurnool K16 Karoi Mashonaland West, N Zimbabwe 16°50´S 29°40´E Karol see Carei Károly-Fehérvár see Alba Iulia Károlyváros see Karlovac M12 Karonga Northern, N Malawi 09°54´S 33°55´E W10 Karool-Dëbë Kas. Karool-Döbö; prev. KaroolTëbë. Narynskaya Oblast’, C Kyrgyzstan 40°33´N 75°52´E Karool-Döbö see Karool-Dëbë Karool-Tëbë see Karool-Dëbë J9 Karoonda South Australia 35°04´S 139°58´E

Lake Reservoir

8

L11

83 I14 79 O24 79 P17

79 O19 81 E18 152 J11

Karor var. Koror Lāl Esan. Punjab, E Pakistan 31°15´N 70°58´E Karosa see Karossa Karossa var. Karosa. Sulawesi, C Indonesia 01°38´S 119°21´E Karpaten see Carpathian Mountains Karpáthio Pélagos sea Dodekánisa, Greece, Aegean Sea Kárpathos Kárpathos, SE Greece 35°30´N 27°13´E Kárpathos It. Scarpanto; anc. Carpathos, Carpathus. island SE Greece Karpathos Strait see Karpathou, Stenó Karpathou, Stenó var. Karpathos Strait, Scarpanto Strait. strait Dodekánisa, Greece, Aegean Sea Karpaty see Carpathian Mountains Karpenísi prev. Karpenísion. Stereá Elláda, C Greece 38°55´N 21°46´E Karpenísion see Karpenísi Karpilovka see Aktsyabrski Karpogory Arkhangel’skaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 64°01´N 44°22´E Karratha Western Australia 20°44´S 116°52´E Kars var. Qars. Kars, NE Turkey 40°35´N 43°05´E Kars var. Qars. r province NE Turkey Karsakpay Kaz. Qarsaqbay. Karaganda, C Kazakhstan 47°51´N 66°42´E Kärsämäki PohjoisPohjanmaa, C Finland 63°58´N 25°49´E Karsau see Kārsava Kārsava Ger. Karsau; prev. Rus. Korsovka. E Latvia 56°46´N 27°39´E Karshi see Garșy, Turkmenistan Karshi see Qarshi, Uzbekistan Karshinskaya Step see Qarshi Cho‘li Karshinskiy Kanal see Qarshi Kanali Karskiye Vorota, Proliv Eng. Kara Strait. strait N Russian Federation Karskoye More Eng. Kara Sea. sea Arctic Ocean Karstula Keski-Suomi, C Finland 62°52´N 24°48´E Karsun Ul’yanovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 54°12´N 47°00´E Kartaly Chelyabinskaya Oblast’, C Russian Federation 53°02´N 60°42´E Karthaus Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°06´N 78°03´W Kartuzy Pomorskie, NW Poland 54°21´N 18°11´E Karumai Iwate, Honshū, C Japan 40°19´N 141°27´E Karumba Queensland, NE Australia 17°31´S 140°51´E Kārūn var. Rūd-e Kārūn. j SW Iran Karungi Norrbotten, N Sweden 66°03´N 23°55´E Karunki Lappi, N Finland 66°01´N 24°06´E Kārūn, Rūd-e see Kārūn Karūr Tamil Nādu, SE India 10°58´N 78°03´E Karvia Satakunta, SW Finland 62°07´N 22°34´E Karviná Ger. Karwin, Pol. Karwina; prev. Nová Karvinná. Moravskoslezský Krajj, E Czech Republic 49°50´N 18°30´E Kārwār Karnātaka, W India 14°50´N 74°09´E Karwendelgebirge m Austria/Germany Karwin/Karwina see Karviná Karyés var. Karies. Ágion Óros, N Greece 40°15´N 24°15´E Kárystos var. Káristos. Évvoia, C Greece 38°01´N 24°25´E Kaş Antalya, SW Turkey 36°12´N 29°38´E Kasaan Prince of Wales Island, Alaska, USA 55°32´N 132°24´W Kasai Hyōgo, Honshū, SW Japan 34°56´N 134°49´E Kasai var. Cassai, Kassai. j Angola/Dem. Rep. Congo Kasai-Occidental off. Région Kasai Occidental. r region S Dem. Rep. Congo Kasai Occidental, Région see Kasai-Occidental Kasai-Oriental off. Région Kasai Oriental. r region C Dem. Rep. Congo Kasai Oriental, Région see Kasai-Oriental Kasaji Katanga, S Dem. Rep. Congo 10°22´S 23°29´E Kasama Northern, N Zambia 10°14´S 31°12´E Kasan see Koson Kasane North-West, NE Botswana 17°48´S 20°06´E Kasanga Rukwa, W Tanzania 08°27´S 31°10´E Kasangulu Bas-Congo, W Dem. Rep. Congo 04°33´S 15°12´E Kasansay see Kosonsoy Kāsaragod Kerala, SW India 12°30´N 74°59´E Kasargen see Kasari Kasari var. Kasari Jõgi, Ger. Kasargen. j W Estonia Kasari Jõgi see Kasari Kasba Lake c Northwest Territories, Nunavut N Canada Kaschau see Košice Kaseda see Minamisatsuma Kasempa North Western, NW Zambia 13°27´S 25°49´E Kasenga Katanga, SE Dem. Rep. Congo 10°22´S 28°37´E Kasenye var. Kasenyi. Orientale, NE Dem. Rep. Congo 01°23´N 30°25´E Kasenyi see Kasenye Kasese Maniema, E Dem. Rep. Congo 01°36´S 27°31´E Kasese SW Uganda 0°10´N 30°06´E Kāsganj Uttar Pradesh, N India 27°48´N 78°38´E

Kashaf Rūd – Kenya, Mount 143 U4 Kashaf Rūd j NE Iran 143 N7 Kāshān Eşfahān, C Iran 126 M10 39 O12 158 E7

164 J14 165 P13 124 K15 152 K10 126 L4 165 N11

Kashkadar’inskaya Oblast’ see Qashqadaryo Viloyati Kāshmar var. Turshiz; prev. Solţānābād, Torshiz. Khorāsān, NE Iran 35°13´N 58°25´E Kashmir see Jammu and Kashmir R12 Kashmor Sind, SE Pakistan 28°24´N 69°42´E S5 Kashmūnḏ Ghar Eng. Kashmund Range. m E Afghanistan Kashmund Range see Kashmūnḏ Ghar T7 Kashyr prev. Kachiry. Pavlodar, NE Kazakhstan 53°07´N 76°08´E Kasi see Vārānasi O12 Kasia Uttar Pradesh, N India 26°45´N 83°55´E N12 Kasigluk Alaska, USA 60°54´N 162°31´W Kasihara see Kashihara R12 Kasilof Alaska, USA 60°20´N 151°16´W Kasimköj see General Toshevo M4 Kasimov Ryazanskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 54°59´N 41°22´E P18 Kasindi Nord-Kivu, E Dem. Rep. Congo 0°03´N 29°43´E M12 Kasitu j N Malawi Kasiwazaki see Kashiwazaki L14 Kaskaskia River j Illinois, N USA J17 Kaskinen Swe. Kaskö. Österbotten, W Finland 62°23´N 21°10´E Kaskö see Kaskinen Kas Kong see Kŏng, Kaôh O17 Kaslo British Columbia, SW Canada 49°54´N 116°57´W Käsmark see Kežmarok T12 Kasongan Borneo, C Indonesia 02°01´S 113°21´E N21 Kasongo Maniema, E Dem. Rep. Congo 04°22´S 26°42´E H22 Kasongo-Lunda Bandundu, SW Dem. Rep. Congo 06°30´S 16°51´E M24 Kásos island S Greece Kasos Strait see Kásou, Stenó M25 Kásou, Stenó var. Kasos Strait. strait Dodekánisos/ Kríti, Greece, Aegean Sea T10 K’asp’i prev. Kaspi. C Georgia 41°54´N 44°25´E Kaspi see K’asp’i M8 Kaspichan Shumen, NE Bulgaria 43°18´N 27°09´E Kaspīy Mangy Oypaty see Caspian Depression Q16 Kaspiysk Respublika Dagestan, SW Russian Federation 42°52´N 47°40´E Kaspiyskiy see Lagan’ Kaspiyskoye More/Kaspiy Tengizi see Caspian Sea Kassa see Košice Kassai see Kasai I9 Kassala Kassala, E Sudan 15°24´N 36°25´E H9 Kassala r state NE Sudan G15 Kassándra prev. Pallíni; anc. Pallene. peninsula NE Greece G15 Kassándra headland N Greece 39°58´N 23°22´E H15 Kassándras, Kólpos var. Kólpos Toronaíos. gulf N Greece Y11 Kassārah Maysān, E Iraq 31°21´N 47°25´E I15 Kassel prev. Cassel. Hessen, C Germany 51°19´N 09°30´E M6 Kasserine var. Al Qaşrayn. W Tunisia 35°15´N 08°52´E J14 Kasshabog Lake c Ontario, SE Canada O5 Kassīr, Sabkhat al c E Syria W10 Kasson Minnesota, N USA 44°00´N 92°42´W C17 Kassópeia Var. Kassópi. site of ancient city Ípeiros, W Greece Kassópi see Kassópeia I11 Kastamonu var. Castamoni, Kastamuni. Kastamonu, N Turkey 41°22´N 33°47´E I10 Kastamonu var. Kastamuni. r province N Turkey Kastamuni see Kastamonu Kastaneá see Kastaniá E14 Kastaniá prev. Kastaneá. Kentrikí Makedonía, N Greece 40°25´N 22°09´E Kastélli see Kíssamos Kastellórizon see Megísti N24 Kástelo, Akrotírio prev. Akrotírio Kastállou. headland Kárpathos, SE Greece 35°24´N 27°08´E N21 Kastlösa Kalmar, S Sweden 56°25´N 16°25´E D14 Kastoría Dytikí Makedonía, N Greece 40°33´N 21°15´E K7 Kastornoye Kurskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 51°49´N 38°07´E I21 Kástro Sífnos, Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea 36°58´N 24°45´E J23 Kastrup k (København) København, E Denmark 55°36´N 12°39´E Q17 Kastsyukovichy Rus. Kostyukovichi. Mahilyowskaya Voblasts’, E Belarus 53°20´N 32°03´E

143 T5

149 149

145

153 39 39

126 79 82 30 93

11 169 79 79 115 115 137 114

127

80 80 115 115 115 139 101 74 14 139 29 115

136 136

115

115

95 115 126 115 95 119

33°57´N 51°31´E Kashary Rostovskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 49°02´N 40°58´E Kashegelok Alaska, USA 60°57´N 157°46´W Kashgar see Kashi Kashi Chin. Kaxgar, K’oshih, Uigh. Kashgar. Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 39°32´N 75°58´E Kashihara var. Kasihara. Nara, Honshū, SW Japan 34°28´N 135°46´E Kashima-nada gulf S Japan Kashin Tverskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 57°20´N 37°34´E Kāshīpur Uttarakhand, N India 29°13´N 78°58´E Kashira Moskovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 54°53´N 38°13´E Kashiwazaki var. Kasiwazaki. Niigata, Honshū, C Japan 37°22´N 138°33´E

119 O18 Kastsyukowka Rus. Kostyukovka. Homyel’skaya Voblasts’, SE Belarus 52°32´N 30°54´E

164 D13 Kasuga Fukuoka, Kyūshū, SW Japan 33°31´N 130° 27´E 164 L13 Kasugai Aichi, Honshū, SW Japan 35°15´N 136°57´E 81 E21 Kasulu Kigoma, W Tanzania 04°33´S 30°06´E

164 I12 Kasumi Hyōgo, Honshū, SW Japan 35°36´N 134°37´E 127 R17 Kasumkent Respublika Dagestan, SW Russian Federation 41°39´N 48°09´E 82 M13 Kasungu Central, C Malawi 13°04´S 33°29´E

149 W9 Kasūr Punjab, E Pakistan 31°07´N 74°30´E

83 G15 Kataba Western, W Zambia 19 R4 79 M20 39 T12 79 L24 122 M11

154 J11 180 J13 181 P8 81 F23 151 Q22 115 F14 117 P7 166 M3 181 P2 154 B11 153 P11 152 H7 76 L12 153 R13 184 N7 83 H16 77 N15 191 V10 92 J5 117 N12 39 P14 154 J9 115 D19

121 P2

79 N22 83 K14 114 H12

81 E18 115 F15 115 D17 115 E19 111 J16 153 S15 136 E16 95 N16 96 I11 77 V12 77 U12 67 P8 164 C13 165 P13 165 O14 164 K12 164 H12

147 N11

115 O23 95 I21 95 P19

15°28´S 23°25´E

Katahdin, Mount l Maine, NE USA 45°55´N 68°52´W Katako-Kombe KasaiOriental, C Dem. Rep. Congo 03°24´S 24°25´E Katalla Alaska, USA 60°12´N 144°31´W Katana see Qaţanā Katanga off. Région du Katanga; prev. Shaba. r region SE Dem. Rep. Congo Katanga j C Russian Federation Katanga, Région du see Katanga Katāngi Madhya Pradesh, C India 21°46´N 79°50´E Katanning Western Australia 33°45´S 117°33´E Kata Tjuṯa var. Mount Olga. l Northern Territory, C Australia 25°20´S 130°47´E Katavi off. Mkoa wa Katavi. r region SW Tanzania Katawaz see Zarghūn Shahr Katchall Island island Nicobar Islands, India, NE Indian Ocean Kateríni Kentrikí Makedonía, N Greece 40°15´N 22°30´E Katerynopil’ Cherkas’ka Oblast’, C Ukraine 49°00´N 30°59´E Katha Sagaing, N Myanmar (Burma) 24°11´N 96°20´E Katherine Northern Territory, N Australia 14°29´S 132°20´E Kāthiāwār Peninsula peninsula W India Kathmandu prev. Kantipur. a (Nepal) Central, C Nepal 27°46´N 85°17´E Kathua Jammu and Kashmir, NW India 32°23´N 75°34´E Kati Koulikoro, SW Mali 12°41´N 08°04´W Katihār Bihār, NE India 25°33´N 87°34´E Katikati Bay of Plenty, North Island, New Zealand 37°34´S 175°55´E Katima Mulilo Caprivi, NE Namibia 17°31´S 24°20´E Katiola C Ivory Coast 08°11´N 05°04´W Katiu atoll Îles Tuamotu, C French Polynesia Katla i S Iceland 63°38´N 19°03´W Katlabuh, Ozero c SW Ukraine Katmai, Mount l Alaska, USA 58°16´N 154°57´W Katni Madhya Pradesh, C India 23°47´N 80°29´E Káto Achaïa var. Kato Ahaia, Káto Akhaía. Dytikí Elláda, S Greece 38°08´N 21°33´E Kato Ahaia/Káto Akhaía see Káto Achaïa Kato Lakatámeia var. Kato Lakatamia. C Cyprus 35°07´N 33°20´E Kato Lakatamia see Kato Lakatámeia Katompi Katanga, SE Dem. Rep. Congo 06°10´S 26°19´E Katondwe Lusaka, C Zambia 15°08´S 30°10´E Káto Nevrokópi prev. Káto Nevrokópion. Anatolikí Makedonía kai Thráki, NE Greece 41°21´N 23°51´E Káto Nevrokópion see Káto Nevrokópi Katonga j S Uganda Káto Ólympos m C Greece Katoúna Dytikí Elláda, C Greece 38°47´N 21°07´E Káto Vlasiá Dytikí Makedonía, S Greece 38°02´N 21°54´E Katowice Ger. Kattowitz. Śląskie, S Poland 50°15´N 19°01´E Kātoya West Bengal, NE India 23°39´N 88°11´E Katrançık Dağı m SW Turkey Katrineholm Södermanland, C Sweden 58°59´N 16°15´E Katrine, Loch c C Scotland, United Kingdom Katsina Katsina, N Nigeria 12°59´N 07°33´E Katsina r state N Nigeria Katsina Ala j S Nigeria Katsumoto Nagasaki, Iki, SW Japan 33°49´N 129°42´E Katsuta var. Katuta. Ibaraki, Honshū, S Japan 36°24´N 140°32´E Katsuura var. Katuura. Chiba, Honshū, S Japan 35°09´N 140°16´E Katsuyama var. Katuyama. Fukui, Honshū, SW Japan 36°00´N 136°30´E Katsuyama Okayama, Honshū, SW Japan 35°06´N 133°43´E Kattakurgan see Kattaqo‘rg‘on Kattaqo‘rg‘on Rus. Kattakurgan. Samarqand Viloyati, C Uzbekistan 39°56´N 66°11´E Kattavía Ródos, Dodekánisa, Greece, Aegean Sea 35°56´N 27°47´E Kattegat Dan. Kattegatt. strait N Europe Kattegatt see Kattegat Katthammarsvik Gotland, SE Sweden 57°27´N 18°54´E Kattowitz see Katowice

Country Country Capital

122 J13 Katun’ j S Russian Federation Katuta see Katsuta Katuura see Katsuura Katuyama see Katsuyama Katwijk see Katwijk aan Zee 98 G11 Katwijk aan Zee var. Katwijk. Zuid-Holland, W Netherlands 59°12´N 04°24´E 38 B8 Kaua‘i var. Kauai. island Hawaiian Islands, Hawai‘i, USA, C Pacific Ocean Kauai see Kaua‘i 38 C8 Kaua‘i Channel var. Kauai Channel. channel Hawai‘i, USA, C Pacific Ocean Kauai Channel see Kaua‘i Channel 171 R13 Kaubalatmada, Gunung var. Kaplamada. l Pulau Buru, E Indonesia 03°16´S 126°17´E

191 U10 Kauehi atoll Îles Tuamotu, C French Polynesia Kauen see Kaunas 101 K24 Kaufbeuren Bayern, S Germany 47°53´N 10°37´E 25 U7 Kaufman Texas, SW USA 101 I15 93 K17 93 K16 30 M7 92 L11 38 A8 38 E9 38 F12

118 F13

118 F13 186 C6 77 U12 93 K16 99 M23 92 K10

113 P19 113 K20 114 M13 114 I13

114 I13 155 J17

155 C21 114 O8 118 G12 76 I13

155 F20 186 G5 83 H16 83 I15 143 Q6

95 K23 82 G12 165 Q8 165 R9 38 A8

184 K3 82 I13 82 K11 154 K11 14 I14 165 O13 171 R12 165 R6 184 L5 184 N10 184 O8 184 L8 184 K8 35 V8 35 V9

32°35´N 96°18´W Kaufungen Hessen, C Germany 51°16´N 09°39´E Kauhajoki Etelä-Pohjanmaa, W Finland 62°26´N 22°10´E Kauhava Etelä-Pohjanmaa, W Finland 63°06´N 23°08´E Kaukauna Wisconsin, N USA 44°18´N 88°18´W Kaukonen Lappi, N Finland 67°28´N 24°49´E Kaulakahi Channel channel Hawai‘i, USA, C Pacific Ocean Kaunakakai Moloka‘i, Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 21°05´N 157°01´W Kaunā Point var. Kauna Point. headland Hawai‘i, USA, C Pacific Ocean 19°02´N 155°52´W Kauna Point see Kaunā Point Kaunas Ger. Kauen, Pol. Kowno; prev. Rus. Kovno. Kaunas, C Lithuania 54°54´N 23°57´E Kaunas r province C Lithuania Kaup East Sepik, NW Papua New Guinea 03°50´S 144°01´E Kaura Namoda Zamfara, NW Nigeria 12°43´N 06°17´E Kaushany see Căuşeni Kaustinen Keski-Pohjanmaa, W Finland 63°33´N 23°40´E Kautenbach Diekirch, NE Luxembourg 49°57´N 06°01´E Kautokeino Lapp. Guovdageaidnu. Finnmark, N Norway 69°N 23°01´E Kavadar see Kavadarci Kavadarci Turk. Kavadar. C Macedonia 41°25´N 22°00´E Kavaja see Kavajë Kavajë It. Cavaia, Kavaja. Tiranë, W Albania 41°11´N 19°33´E Kavak Çayı j NW Turkey Kavakli see Topolovgrad Kavála prev. Kaválla. Anatolikí Makedonía kai Thráki, NE Greece 40°57´N 24°26´E Kaválas, Kólpos gulf Aegean Sea, NE Mediterranean Sea Kāvali Andhra Pradesh, E India 15°05´N 80°02´E Kaválla see Kavála Kavango see Cubango/ Okavango Kavaratti Lakshadweep, SW India 10°33´N 72°38´E Kavarna Dobrich, NE Bulgaria 43°27´N 28°21´E Kavarskas Utena, E Lithuania 55°27´N 24°55´E Kavendou l C Guinea 10°49´N 12°14´W Kavengo see Cubango/ Okavango Kāveri var. Cauvery. j S India Kavieng var. Kaewieng. New Ireland, NE Papua New Guinea 04°13´S 152°11´E Kavimba North-West, NE Botswana 18°02´S 24°38´E Kavingu Southern, S Zambia 15°39´S 26°03´E Kavīr, Dasht-e var. Great Salt Desert. salt pan N Iran Kavirondo Gulf see Winam Gulf Kavkaz see Caucasus Kävlinge Skåne, S Sweden 55°47´N 13°05´E Kavungo Moxico, E Angola 11°31´S 22°59´E Kawabe Akita, Honshū, C Japan 39°39´N 140°14´E Kawai Iwate, Honshū, C Japan 39°36´N 141°40´E

Kawaihoa Point headland Ni‘ihau, Hawai‘i, USA, C Pacific Ocean

14 G12 Kawigamog Lake c Ontario, S Canada 171 P9 Kawio, Kepulauan island group N Indonesia 167 N9 Kawkareik Kayin State, S Myanmar (Burma) 16°33´N 98°18´E

27 O8 Kaw Lake d Oklahoma, C USA 166 M3 Kawlin Sagaing, N Myanmar (Burma) 23°48´N 95°41´E Kawm Umbū see Kom Ombo Kawthule State see Kayin State Kaxgar see Kashi 158 D7 Kaxgar He j NW China 158 J5 Kax He j NW China 77 P12 Kaya C Burkina Faso

76 J11 76 J11 167 N8 145 U10

83 H15

36°43´N 110°15´W Kayes Kayes, W Mali 14°26´N 11°22´W Kayes r region SW Mali Kayin State var. Kawthule State, Karen State. r state S Myanmar (Burma) Kaynar Kaz. Qaynar, var. Kajnar. Vostochnyy Kazakhstan, E Kazakhstan 49°13´N 77°27´E Kaynary see Căinari Kayoya Western, W Zambia 16°13´S 24°09´E Kayrakkum see Qayroqqum

Kayrakkumskoye Vodokhranilishche see Qayroqqum, Obanbori 136 K14 Kayseri var. Kaisaria; anc. Caesarea Mazaca, Mazaca. Kayseri, C Turkey 38°42´N 35°28´E 136 K14 Kayseri var. Kaisaria. r province C Turkey 36 L2 Kaysville Utah, W USA 41°10´N 111°55´W Kayyngdy see Kaindy

14 L11 Kazabazua Québec, SE Canada

45°58´N 76°00´W 14 L12 Kazabazua j Québec, SE Canada 123 Q7 Kazach’ye Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 70°38´N 135°54´E Kazakdar’ya see Qozoqdaryo

Kazakhlyshor, Solonchak var. Solonchak Shorkazakhly. salt marsh NW Turkmenistan Kazakhskaya SSR/Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic see Kazakhstan 144 L12 Kazakhstan off. Republic of Kazakhstan, var. Kazakstan, Kaz. Qazaqstan, Qazaqstan Respublikasy; prev. Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, Rus. Kazakhskaya SSR. b republic C Asia Kazakhstan, Republic of see Kazakhstan Kazakh Uplands see Saryarka Kazakstan see Kazakhstan Kazalinsk see Kazaly 144 L14 Kazaly prev. Kazalinsk. Kzyl-Orda, S Kazakhstan 146 E9

127 R4 8

M10

127 R4

117 R8

114 J9

165 Y16

117 V12 147 U9

21°47´N 160°12´W

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

38

38

38

13°04´N 01°09´W

167 N6 Kayah State r state C Myanmar (Burma) 39 T12 Kayak Island island Alaska, USA 114 M11 Kayalıköy Barajı d NW Turkey 166 M8 Kayan Yangon, SW Myanmar (Burma) 16°54´N 96°35´E Kayangel Islands see Ngcheangel 155 G23 Kāyankulam Kerala, SW India 09°10´N 76°31´E 169 V9 Kayan, Sungai prev. Kajan. j Borneo, C Indonesia 144 F14 Kaydak, Sor salt flat SW Kazakhstan Kaydanovo see Dzyarzhynsk 37 N9 Kayenta Arizona, SW USA

Kawakawa Northland, North Island, New Zealand 35°23´S 174°06´E Kawama North Western, NW Zambia 13°04´S 25°59´E Kawambwa Luapula, N Zambia 09°45´S 29°10´E Kawardha Chhattīsgarh, C India 21°59´N 81°12´E Kawartha Lakes c Ontario, SE Canada Kawasaki Kanagawa, Honshū, S Japan 35°32´N 139°41´E Kawassi Pulau Obi, E Indonesia 01°32´S 127°25´E Kawauchi Aomori, Honshū, C Japan 41°11´N 141°00´E Kawau Island island N New Zealand Kaweka Range m North Island, New Zealand Kawelecht see Puhja Kawerau Bay of Plenty, North Island, New Zealand 38°06´S 176°43´E Kawhia Waikato, North Island, New Zealand 38°04´S 174°49´E Kawhia Harbour inlet North Island, New Zealand Kawich Peak l Nevada, W USA 38°00´N 116°27´W Kawich Range m Nevada, W USA

118 J12 Kazyany Rus. Koz’yany. Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’, NW Belarus 55°18´N 26°52´E 122 H9 Kazym j N Russian Federation 110 H10 Kcynia Ger. Exin. Kujawskopomorskie, C Poland

137 T9 82 M13 143 N11 125 R12

136 H16 111 M20 119 H17

119 E14 144 E9 79 K22 165 Q8

45°45´N 62°01´E Kazan’ Respublika Tatarstan, W Russian Federation 55°43´N 49°07´E Kazan j Nunavut, NW Canada Kazan’ k Respublika Tatarstan, W Russian Federation 55°46´N 49°21´E Kazandzhik see Bereket Kazanka Mykolayivs’ka Oblast’, S Ukraine 47°49´N 32°50´E Kazanketken see Qozonketkan Kazanlak var. Kazanlŭk; prev. Kazanlik. Stara Zagora, C Bulgaria 42°38´N 25°24´E Kazanlik see Kazanlak Kazanlŭk see Kazanlak Kazan-rettō Eng. Volcano Islands. island group SE Japan Kazantip, Mys see Kazantyp, Mys Kazantyp, Mys prev. Mys Kazantip. headland S Ukraine 45°27´N 35°50´E Kazarman Narynskaya Oblast’, C Kyrgyzstan 41°21´N 74°03´E Kazatin see Kozyatyn Kazbegi see Q’azbegi Kazbegi see Kazbek Kazbek var. Kazbegi, Geor. Mqinvartsveri. l N Georgia 42°43´N 44°28´E Kazembe Eastern, NE Zambia 12°06´S 32°45´E Kāzerūn Fārs, S Iran 29°41´N 51°38´E Kazhym Respublika Komi, NW Russian Federation 60°19´N 51°26´E Kazi Ahmad see Qāzi Ahmad Kazımkarabekir Karaman, S Turkey 37°13´N 32°58´E Kazincbarcika BorsodAbaúj-Zemplén, NE Hungary 48°15´N 20°40´E Kazlowshchyna Pol. Kozlowszczyzna, Rus. Kozlovshchina. Hrodzyenskaya Voblasts’, W Belarus 53°19´N 25°18´E Kazlų Rūda Marijampolė, S Lithuania 54°45´N 23°28´E Kaztalovka Zapadnyy Kazakhstan, W Kazakhstan 49°45´N 48°42´E Kazumba Kasai-Occidental, S Dem. Rep. Congo 06°25´S 22°02´E Kazuno Akita, Honshū, C Japan 40°14´N 140°48´E Kazvin see Qazvīn

Administrative Regions International Airport

38 37 29 36 115 137 137 77 76 74 138 80 92 81 148 10 111 168 118 152 13 169 171 163 76 122 111 8 10 19 99 83 12 29 115 115 171

77 92 92

155

145 146

101 118 117 97

118 83

77 78 182 96

53°00´N 17°29´E Kéa see Tziá Kéa see Ioulís H11 Kea‘au var. Keaau. Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 19°36´N 155°01´W Keaau see Kea‘au F11 Keāhole Point var. Keahole Point. headland Hawai‘i, USA, C Pacific Ocean 19°43´N 156°03´W G12 Kealakekua Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 19°31´N 155°56´W H11 Kea, Mauna l Hawai‘i, USA 19°50´N 155°30´W N10 Keams Arizona, SW USA 35°47´N 110°09´W Kéamu see Aneityum O16 Kearney Nebraska, C USA 40°42´N 99°06´W L3 Kearns Utah, W USA 40°39´N 112°00´W H20 Kéas, Stenó strait SE Greece O14 Keban Barajı dam C Turkey O14 Keban Barajı d C Turkey S13 Kebbi r state NW Nigeria G10 Kébémèr NW Senegal 15°24´N 16°25´W M7 Kebili var. Qibilī. C Tunisia 33°42´N 09°06´E H4 Kebir, Nahr el j NW Syria A10 Kebkabiya Northern Darfur, W Sudan 13°39´N 24°05´E I11 Kebnekaise Lapp. Giebnegáisi. l N Sweden 68°01´N 18°24´E M14 K’ebrī Dehar Sumalē, E Ethiopia 06°43´N 44°15´E K15 Kech j SW Pakistan K10 Kechika j British Columbia, W Canada K23 Kecskemét Bács-Kiskun, C Hungary 46°54´N 19°42´E J6 Kedah r state Peninsular Malaysia F12 Kėdainiai Kaunas, C Lithuania 55°19´N 24°00´E K8 Kedārnāth Uttarakhand, N India 30°44´N 79°03´E Kedder see Kehra N13 Kedgwick New Brunswick, SE Canada 47°38´N 67°21´W R16 Kediri Jawa, C Indonesia 07°45´S 112°01´E Y13 Kedir Sarmi Papua, E Indonesia 02°00´S 139°01´E V7 Kedong Heilongjiang, NE China 48°00´N 126°15´E I12 Kédougou SE Senegal 12°35´N 12°09´W I11 Kedrovyy Tomskaya Oblast’, C Russian Federation 57°31´N 79°45´E H16 Kędzierzyn-Kozle Ger. Heydebrech. Opolskie, S Poland 50°20´N 18°12´E H8 Keele j Northwest Territories, NW Canada K6 Keele Peak l Yukon, NW Canada 63°31´N 130°21´W Keelung see Jilong N10 Keene New Hampshire, NE USA 42°56´N 72°14´W H17 Keerbergen Vlaams Brabant, C Belgium 51°01´N 04°39´E E21 Keetmanshoop Karas, S Namibia 26°36´S 18°08´E A11 Keewatin Ontario, S Canada 49°47´N 94°30´W V4 Keewatin Minnesota, N USA 47°24´N 93°04´W Kefallinía see Kefallonía B18 Kefallonía var. Kefallinía. island Iónia Nisiá, Greece, C Mediterranean Sea M22 Kéfalos Kos, Dodekánisa, Greece, Aegean Sea 36°44´N 26°58´E Q17 Kefamenanu Timor, C Indonesia 09°31´S 124°29´E Kefar Sava see Kfar Sava Kefe see Feodosiya V15 Keffi Nassarawa, C Nigeria 08°52´N 07°54´E H4 Keflavík Suðurnes, W Iceland 64°01´N 22°35´W H4 Keflavik k (Reykjavík) Suðurnes, W Iceland 63°58´N 22°37´W Kegalee see Kegalla J25 Kegalla var. Kegalee, Kegalle. Sabaragamuwa Province, C Sri Lanka 07°14´N 80°21´E Kegalle see Kegalla Kegayli see Kegeyli Kegel see Keila W16 Kegen Almaty, SE Kazakhstan 42°58´N 79°12´E H7 Kegeyli prev. Kegayli. Qoraqalpog‘iston Respublikasi, W Uzbekistan 42°46´N 59°49´E F22 Kehl Baden-Württemberg, SW Germany 48°34´N 07°49´E H3 Kehra Ger. Kedder. Harjumaa, NW Estonia 59°19´N 25°21´E U6 Kehychivka Kharkivs’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 49°18´N 35°46´E L17 Keighley N England, United Kingdom 53°51´N 01°58´W Kei Islands see Kai, Kepulauan Keijō see Seoul G3 Keila Ger. Kegel. Harjumaa, NW Estonia 59°18´N 24°29´E Keilberg see Klínovec F23 Keimoes Northern Cape, W South Africa 28°41´S 20°59´E Keina/Keinis see Käina Keishū see Gyeongju T11 Keïta Tahoua, C Niger 14°45´N 05°40´E J12 Kéita, Bahr var. Doka. j S Chad K10 Keith South Australia 36°01´S 140°22´E K8 Keith NE Scotland, United Kingdom 57°33´N 02°57´W

Keith Sebelius Lake d Kansas, C USA 32 G11 Keizer Oregon, NW USA 44°59´N 123°01´W 38 A8 Kekaha Kaua‘i, Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 21°58´N 159°43´W 147 U10 Këk-Art prev. Alaykel’, Alay-Kuu. Oshskaya Oblast’, SW Kyrgyzstan 40°16´N 74°21´E 26 K3

Mountain Mountain Range

Volcano River

147 W10 Këk-Aygyr var. Keyaygyr. Narynskaya Oblast’, C Kyrgyzstan 40°42´N 75°37´E 147 V9 Këk-Dzhar Narynskaya Oblast’, C Kyrgyzstan 14 185 111 171 147 81 169

168

168

113

146 137 136 79 77 145 8

31 33 92 97 118 99 78 83 11 11 34 96 32 195 168 168 11 124 124 137 137

10 171 136 122

41°28´N 74°48´E L8 Kekek j Québec, SE Canada K15 Kekerengu Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand 41°55´S 174°05´E L21 Kékes l N Hungary 47°53´N 19°59´E P17 Kekneno, Gunung l Timor, S Indonesia S9 Këk-Tash Kir. Kök-Tash. Dzhalal-Abadskaya Oblast’, W Kyrgyzstan 41°08´N 72°25´E M15 K’elafo Sumalē, E Ethiopia 05°36´N 44°12´E U10 Kelai, Sungai j Borneo, N Indonesia Kelamayi see Karamay Kelang see Klang K7 Kelantan r state Peninsular Malaysia Kelantan see Kelantan, Sungai K7 Kelantan, Sungai var. Kelantan. j Peninsular Malaysia Kelat see Kālat Këlcyra see Këlcyrë L22 Këlcyrë var. Këlcyra. Gjirokastër, S Albania 40°19´N 20°10´E Kelifskiy Uzboy see Kelif Uzboýy L14 Kelif Uzboýy Rus. Kelifskiy Uzboy. salt marsh E Turkmenistan O12 Kelkit Gümüşhane, NE Turkey 40°07´N 39°28´E M12 Kelkit Çayı j N Turkey G18 Kéllé Cuvette-Quest, W Congo 0°04´S 14°33´E W11 Kellé Zinder, S Niger 14°10´N 10°10´E P7 Kellerovka Severnyy Kazakhstan, N Kazakhstan 53°51´N 69°15´E I5 Kellett, Cape headland Banks Island, Northwest Territories, NW Canada 71°57´N 125°55´W S11 Kelleys Island island Ohio, N USA N8 Kellogg Idaho, NW USA 47°30´N 116°07´W M12 Kelloselkä Lappi, N Finland 66°56´N 28°52´E F17 Kells Ir. Ceanannas. Meath, E Ireland 53°44´N 06°53´W E12 Kelmė Šiaulai, C Lithuania 55°39´N 22°57´E M19 Kelmis var. La Calamine. Liège, E Belgium 50°43´N 06°01´E H12 Kélo Tandjilé, SW Chad 09°21´N 15°50´E I14 Kelongwa North Western, NW Zambia 13°41´S 26°19´E N17 Kelowna British Columbia, SW Canada 49°50´N 119°29´W X12 Kelsey Manitoba, C Canada 56°02´N 96°31´W M6 Kelseyville California, W USA 38°58´N 122°51´W K13 Kelso SE Scotland, United Kingdom 55°36´N 02°27´W G10 Kelso Washington, NW USA 46°09´N 122°54´W W15 Keltie, Cape headland Antarctica Keltsy see Kielce L9 Keluang var. Kluang. Johor, Peninsular Malaysia 02°01´N 103°18´E M11 Kelume Pulau Lingga, W Indonesia 0°12´S 104°27´E U15 Kelvington Saskatchewan, S Canada 52°10´N 103°30´W J7 Kem’ Respublika Kareliya, NW Russian Federation 64°55´N 34°18´E I7 Kem’ j NW Russian Federation O13 Kemah Erzincan, E Turkey 39°35´N 39°02´E N13 Kemaliye Erzincan, C Turkey 39°16´N 38°29´E Kemaman see Cukai Kemanlar see Isperih K14 Kemano British Columbia, SW Canada 53°39´N 127°58´W Kemarat see Khemmarat P12 Kembani Pulau Peleng, N Indonesia 01°32´S 122°57´E F17 Kemer Antalya, SW Turkey 36°39´N 30°33´E J12 Kemerovo prev. Shcheglovsk. Kemerovskaya Oblast’, C Russian Federation 55°25´N 86°05´E

122 K12 Kemerovskaya Oblast’ r province S Russian Federation 92 L13 Kemi Lappi, NW Finland 92 M12 92 M12 92 L13 147 V7 92 L13

127 P5 99 B18 33 S16 121 O15 79 I14 25 U7 93 L14 101 D15 25 Q5 195 W5 25 S9 44 H3

65°46´N 24°34´E Kemijärvi Swe. Kemiträsk. Lappi, N Finland 66°41´N 27°24´E Kemijärvi c N Finland Kemijoki j NW Finland Kemin prev. Bystrovka. Chuyskaya Oblast’, N Kyrgyzstan Keminmaa Lappi, NW Finland 65°49´N 24°34´E Kemins Island see Nikumaroro Kemiö see Kimito Kemiträsk see Kemijärvi Kemlya Respublika Mordoviya, W Russian Federation 54°42´N 45°16´E Kemmel West-Vlaanderen, W Belgium 50°42´N 02°51´E Kemmerer Wyoming, C USA 41°47´N 110°32´W Kemmuna var. Comino. island C Malta Kémo r prefecture S Central African Republic Kemp Texas, SW USA 32°26´N 96°13´W Kempele Pohjois-Pohjanmaa, C Finland 64°56´N 25°26´E Kempen NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 51°22´N 06°25´E Kemp, Lake c Texas, SW USA Kemp Land physical region Antarctica Kempner Texas, SW USA 31°03´N 98°01´W Kemp’s Bay Andros Island, W The Bahamas 24°02´N 77°32´W

Lake Reservoir

183 U6 Kempsey New South Wales, SE Australia 31°05´S 152°50´E 101 J24 Kempten Bayern, S Germany 47°44´N 10°19´E

15 N9 Kempt, Lac c Québec, SE Canada 183 P17 Kempton Tasmania, SE Australia 42°34´S 147°13´E 154 J9 Ken j C India 39 R12 Kenai Alaska, USA 60°33´N 151°15´W

D5 Kenai Mountains m Alaska, USA 39 R12 Kenai Peninsula peninsula Alaska, USA 21 V11 Kenansville North Carolina, SE USA 34°57´N 77°54´W 146 A10 Kenar prev. Rus. Ufra. Balkan Welaýaty, NW Turkmenistan 0

40°00´N 53°05´E

121 U13 Kenâyis, Râs el- headland N Egypt 31°13´N 27°53´E 97 K16 Kendal NW England, United Kingdom 54°20´N 02°45´W 23 Y16 Kendall Florida, SE USA 9

25°39´N 80°18´W

O8 Kendall, Cape headland Nunavut, E Canada 63°31´N 87°09´W

18 J15 Kendall Park New Jersey, NE USA 40°25´N 74°33´W 31 Q11 Kendallville Indiana, N USA 41°24´N 85°10´W

171 P14 Kendari Sulawesi, C Indonesia 03°57´S 122°36´E 169 Q13 Kendawangan Borneo, C Indonesia 02°32´S 110°13´E Kendrāpāra see Kendrāparha 154 O12 Kendrāparha var. Kendrāpāra. Odisha, E India 20°29´N 86°25´E

154 O11 Kendujhargarh prev. Keonjihargarh. Odisha, E India 21°38´N 85°40´E 25 S13 Kenedy Texas, SW USA 28°49´N 97°51´W

76 J15 Kenema SE Sierra Leone 07°55´N 11°12´W

29 P16 Kenesaw Nebraska, C USA

79 H21 167 O5 83 F23 76 J12 169 U7 74 F6 21 V9 97 B21 28 L2 97 A21 18 D10 25 W8 29 N10 19 Q7 19 P9 39 R13 166 L3 22 K9 180 I8 27 Y9 18 I16 32 K10 12 E11 15 Q7 14 G8 14 F7 10 I6 12 A11 31 N9 13 P14 26 L3 32 I11 24 J9 32 H8 97 P22 145 P16 183 P14 31 N12 31 R12 8

K7

115 F14 20 J6

20 H8 13 P15 22 K8 31 P9 81 H17

40°37´N 98°39´W Këneurgench see Köneürgenç Kenge Bandundu, SW Dem. Rep. Congo 04°52´S 16°59´E Kengen see Kangen Kengtung Shan State, E Myanmar (Burma) 21°18´N 99°36´E Kenhardt Northern Cape, W South Africa 29°19´S 21°08´E Kéniéba Kayes, W Mali 12°47´N 11°16´W Kenimekh see Konimex Keningau Sabah, East Malaysia 05°21´N 116°11´E Kénitra prev. Port-Lyautey. NW Morocco 34°20´N 06°29´W Kenly North Carolina, SE USA 35°39´N 78°16´W Kenmare Ir. Neidín. S Ireland 51°53´N 09°35´W Kenmare North Dakota, N USA 48°40´N 102°04´W Kenmare River Ir. An Ribhéar. inlet NE Atlantic Ocean Kenmore New York, NE USA 42°58´N 78°52´W Kennard Texas, SW USA 31°21´N 95°10´W Kennebec South Dakota, N USA 43°53´N 99°51´W Kennebec River j Maine, NE USA Kennebunk Maine, NE USA 43°22´N 70°33´W Kennedy Entrance strait Alaska, USA

Kennedy Peak l W Myanmar (Burma) 23°18´N 93°52´E Kenner Louisiana, S USA 29°57´N 90°15´W Kenneth Range m Western Australia Kennett Missouri, C USA 36°15´N 90°04´W Kennett Square Pennsylvania, NE USA 39°50´N 75°40´W Kennewick Washington, NW USA 46°12´N 119°08´W Kenogami j Ontario, S Canada Kénogami, Lac c Québec, SE Canada Kenogami Lake Ontario, S Canada 48°04´N 80°10´W Kenogamissi Lake c Ontario, S Canada Keno Hill Yukon, NW Canada 63°54´N 135°18´W Kenora Ontario, S Canada 49°47´N 94°26´W Kenosha Wisconsin, N USA 42°34´N 87°50´W Kensington Prince Edward Island, SE Canada 46°26´N 63°39´W Kensington Kansas, C USA 39°46´N 99°01´W Kent Oregon, NW USA 45°14´N 120°43´W Kent Texas, SW USA 31°03´N 104°13´W Kent Washington, NW USA 47°22´N 122°13´W Kent cultural region SE England, United Kingdom Kentau Yuzhnyy Kazakhstan, S Kazakhstan 43°28´N 68°41´E Kent Group island group Tasmania, SE Australia Kentland Indiana, N USA 40°46´N 87°26´W Kenton Ohio, N USA 40°39´N 83°36´W Kent Peninsula peninsula Nunavut, N Canada Kentrikí Makedonía Eng. Macedonia Central. r region N Greece Kentucky off. Commonwealth of Kentucky, also known as Bluegrass State. r state C USA Kentucky Lake d Kentucky/Tennessee, S USA Kentville Nova Scotia, SE Canada 45°04´N 64°30´W Kentwood Louisiana, S USA 30°56´N 90°30´W Kentwood Michigan, N USA 42°52´N 85°33´W Kenya off. Republic of Kenya. b republic E Africa Kenya, Mount see Kirinyaga

269

Kenya, Republic of – KicKapoo RiveR Kenya, Republic of see Kenya Kenyir, Tasik var. Tasek Kenyir. c Peninsular Malaysia W10 Kenyon Minnesota, N USA 44°16´N 92°59´W Y16 Keokuk Iowa, C USA 40°24´N 91°22´W Keonjihargarh see Kendujhargarh Kéos see Tziá X16 Keosauqua Iowa, C USA 40°43´N 91°58´W X15 Keota Iowa, C USA 41°21´N 91°57´W O11 Keowee, Lake d South Carolina, SE USA I7 Kepa var. Kepe. Respublika Kareliya, NW Russian Federation 65°09´N 32°15´E Kepe see Kepa O13 Kepirohi Falls waterfall Pohnpei, E Micronesia B22 Kepler Mountains m South Island, New Zealand I14 Kępno Wielkopolskie, C Poland 51°17´N 17°57´E C24 Keppel Island island N Falkland Islands Keppel Island see Niuatoputapu C23 Keppel Sound sound N Falkland Islands Kepri see Kepulauan Riau D12 Kepsut Balıkesir, NW Turkey 39°41´N 28°09´E M11 Kepulauan Riau off. Propinsi Kepulauan Riau, var. Kepri. r province NW Indonesia Kequ see Gadê V13 Kerai Papua Barat, E Indonesia 03°53´S 134°30´E Kerak see Al Karak F22 Kerala r state S India R16 Kerama-rettō island group SW Japan N10 Kerang Victoria, SE Australia 35°46´S 144°01´E Kerasunt see Giresun H19 Keratéa var. Keratea. Attikí, C Greece 37°48´N 23°58´E Keratea see Keratéa M19 Kerava Swe. Kervo. Uusimaa, S Finland 60°25´N 25°10´E Kerbala/Kerbela see Karbalā’ F15 Kerby Oregon, NW USA 42°10´N 123°39´W W12 Kerch Rus. Kerch’. Avtonomna Respublika Krym, SE Ukraine 45°22´N 36°30´E Kerch’ see Kerch Kerchens’ka Protska/ Kerchenskiy Proliv see Kerch Strait V13 Kerchens’kyy Pivostriv peninsula S Ukraine V4 Kerch Strait var. Bosporus Cimmerius, Enikale Strait, Rus. Kerchenskiy Proliv, Ukr. Kerchens’ka Protska. strait Black Sea/Sea of Azov Kerdilio see Kerdýlio H13 Kerdýlio var. Kerdilio. l N Greece 40°46´N 23°37´E D8 Kerema Gulf, S Papua New Guinea 07°59´S 145°46´E Keremitlik see Lyulyakovo I9 Kerempe Burnu headland N Turkey 42°01´N 33°20´E J9 Keren var. Cheren. C Eritrea 15°45´N 38°22´E U7 Kerens Texas, SW USA 32°07´N 96°13´W M6 Kerepehi Waikato, North Island, New Zealand 37°18´S 175°33´E P10 Kerey, Ozero c C Kazakhstan Kergel see Kärla Q12 Kerguelen island C French Southern and Antarctic Territories Q13 Kerguelen Plateau undersea feature S Indian Ocean C20 Kerí Zákynthos, Iónia Nisiá, Greece, C Mediterranean Sea 37°40´N 20°48´E H19 Kericho Kericho, W Kenya 0°22´S 35°19´E H19 Kericho r county W Kenya K2 Kerikeri Northland, North Island, New Zealand 35°14´S 173°58´E O17 Kerimäki Etelä-Savo, E Finland 61°56´N 29°18´E K12 Kerinci, Gunung l Sumatera, W Indonesia 02°00´S 101°40´E Keriya see Yutian H9 Keriya He j NW China J9 Kerkbuurt Noord-Holland, C Netherlands 52°29´N 05°08´E J13 Kerkdriel Gelderland, C Netherlands 51°46´N 05°21´E N6 Kerkenah, Îles de var. Kerkenna Islands, Ar. Juzur Qarqannah. island group E Tunisia Kerkenna Islands see Kerkenah, Îles de M20 Kerketévs l Sámos, Dodekánisa, Greece, Aegean Sea 37°44´N 26°39´E T8 Kerkhoven Minnesota, N USA 45°12´N 95°18´W Kerki see Atamyrat Kerkichi see Kerkiçi M14 Kerkiçi Rus. Kerkichi. Lebap Welaýaty, E Turkmenistan 37°46´N 65°18´E F16 Kerkíneo prehistoric site Thessalía, C Greece G12 Kerkíni, Límni var. Límni Kerkinitis. c N Greece Kerkinitis Límni see Kerkíni, Límni Kérkira see Kérkyra M18 Kerkrade Limburg, SE Netherlands 50°53´N 06°04´E Kerkuk see Āltūn Kūbrî B16 Kérkyra var. Kérkira, Eng. Corfu. Kérkyra, Iónia Nisiá, Greece, C Mediterranean Sea 39°37´N 19°56´E B16 Kerkyra k Kérkyra, Iónia Nisiá, Greece, C Mediterranean Sea 39°36´N 19°55´E A16 Kérkyra var. Kérkira, Eng. Corfu. island Iónia Nisiá, Greece, C Mediterranean Sea K10 Kermadec Islands island group New Zealand, SW Pacific Ocean

168 L7 29 29

29 29 21 124

189 185 111 65

65 136 168

171 155 165 183 115 93

32 117

117 121

114 186 136 80 25 184 145 173 173 115 81 81 184 93 168

158 98 98 75

115 29

146 115 114

99 115

115

115 192

270

175 R10 Kermadec Ridge undersea feature SW Pacific Ocean 30°30´S 178°30´W

175 R11 Kermadec Trench undersea feature SW Pacific Ocean 143 S10 Kermān var. Kirman; anc. Carmana. Kermān, C Iran 30°18´N 57°05´E

143 R11 Kermān off. Ostān-e Kermān, var. Kirman; anc. Carmania. r province SE Iran 143 U12 Kermān, Bīābān-e desert SE Iran Kermān, Ostān-e see Kermān 142 K6 Kermānshāh var. Qahremānshahr; prev. Bākhtarān. Kermānshāhān, W Iran 34°19´N 47°04´E 143 Q9 Kermānshāh Yazd, C Iran 34°19´N 47°04´E

Kermānshāh off. Ostān-e Kermānshāh; prev. Bākhtarān. r province W Iran Kermānshāh, Ostān-e see Kermānshāh 114 L10 Kermen Sliven, C Bulgaria 142 J6

24 L8 21 P6 21 S9 35 S12 35 S12 115 K21 76 K14 101 D16 146 I11 24 M1

11 S15 25 Q11 97 B20 21 S11 95 H23 163 Q7

12 H11 93 O17 136 B11 165 R9 163 V7 30 M6 136 I13 93 K16

93 M17

124 I6

98 K12 14 H14 97 K15 111 H24 122 K11 77 R17 169 Q12 127 O12

39 Y14 33 O14

77 Q15 98 L9 149 P17 77 S16 110 M7 97 N20 31 R14

42°30´N 26°12´E Kermit Texas, SW USA 31°49´N 103°07´W Kermit West Virginia, NE USA 37°51´N 82°24´W Kernersville North Carolina, SE USA 36°12´N 80°13´W Kern River j California, W USA Kernville California, W USA 35°44´N 118°25´W Kéros island Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea Kérouané SE Guinea 09°16´N 09°00´W Kerpen NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 50°51´N 06°40´E Kerpichli Lebap Welaýaty, NE Turkmenistan 40°12´N 61°09´E Kerrick Texas, SW USA 36°29´N 102°14´W Kerr Lake see John H. Kerr Reservoir Kerrobert Saskatchewan, S Canada 51°56´N 109°09´W Kerrville Texas, SW USA 30°03´N 99°09´W Kerry Ir. Ciarraí. cultural region SW Ireland Kershaw South Carolina, SE USA 34°33´N 80°34´W Kertel see Kärdla Kerteminde Syddtjylland, C Denmark 55°27´N 10°40´E Kerulen Chin. Herlen He, Mong. Herlen Gol. j China/ Mongolia Kervo see Kerava Kerýneia see Girne Kesagami Lake c Ontario, SE Canada Kesälahti Pohjois-Karjala, SE Finland 61°54´N 29°49´E Keşan Edirne, NW Turkey 40°52´N 26°37´E Kesennuma Miyagi, Honshū, C Japan 38°55´N 141°35´E Keshan Heilongjiang, NE China 48°00´N 125°46´E Keshena Wisconsin, N USA 44°54´N 88°37´W Keskin Kırıkkale, C Turkey 39°41´N 33°36´E Keski-Pohjanmaa Swe. Mellersta Österbotten, Eng. centralostrobothnia. r region W Finland Keski-Suomi Swe. Mellersta Finland, Eng. Central Finland. r region C Finland Késmárk see Kežmarok Kesten’ga var. Kest Enga. Respublika Kareliya, NW Russian Federation 65°53´N 31°47´E Kest Enga see Kesten’ga Kesteren Gelderland, C Netherlands 51°55´N 05°34´E Keswick Ontario, S Canada 44°15´N 79°26´W Keswick NW England, United Kingdom 54°30´N 03°04´W Keszthely Zala, SW Hungary 46°47´N 17°16´E Ket’ j C Russian Federation Keta SE Ghana 05°55´N 00°59´E Ketapang Borneo, C Indonesia 01°50´S 109°59´E Ketchenery prev. Sovetskoye. Respublika Kalmykiya, SW Russian Federation 47°18´N 44°31´E Ketchikan Revillagigedo Island, Alaska, USA 55°21´N 131°39´W Ketchum Idaho, NW USA 43°40´N 114°24´W Kete/Kete Krakye see Kete-Krachi Kete-Krachi var. Kete, Kete Krakye. E Ghana 07°50´N 00°03´W Ketelmeer channel E Netherlands Keti Bandar Sind, SE Pakistan 23°55´N 67°31´E Kétou SE Benin 07°25´N 02°36´E Kętrzyn Ger. Rastenburg. Warmińsko-Mazurskie, NE Poland 54°05´N 21°24´E Kettering C England, United Kingdom 52°24´N 00°44´W Kettering Ohio, N USA 39°41´N 84°10´W

18 F13 Kettle Creek j Pennsylvania, NE USA 32 L7 Kettle Falls Washington, NW USA 48°36´N 118°03´W 14 D16 Kettle Point headland Ontario, S Canada 43°12´N 82°01´W

Kettle River j Minnesota, N USA 186 B7 Ketu j W Papua New Guinea 18 G10 Keuka Lake c New York, NE USA Keupriya see Primorsko 93 L17 Keuruu Keski-Suomi, C Finland 62°15´N 24°34´E Kevevára see Kovin 92 L9 Kevo Lapp. Geavvú. Lappi, N Finland 69°42´N 27°08´E 44 M6 Kew North Caicos, N Turks and Caicos Islands 29 V6

21°52´N 71°57´W 30 K11 Kewanee Illinois, N USA 41°15´N 89°55´W 31 N7 Kewaunee Wisconsin, N USA 44°27´N 87°31´W

Country Country Capital

30 M3 Keweenaw Bay c Michigan, N USA 31 N2 Keweenaw Peninsula peninsula Michigan, N USA 31 N2 Keweenaw Point peninsula Michigan, N USA 29 N12 Keya Paha River j Nebraska/South Dakota, N USA Keyaygyr see Këk-Aygyr 23 Z16 Key Biscayne Florida, SE USA 25°41´N 80°09´W 26 G8 Keyes Oklahoma, C USA 36°48´N 102°15´W 23 Y17 Key Largo Key Largo, Florida, SE USA 25°06´N 80°25´W 21 U3 Keyser West Virginia, NE USA 39°25´N 78°59´W

27 O9 Keystone Lake d Oklahoma, C USA 36 L16 Keystone Peak l Arizona, SW USA 31°52´N 111°12´W Keystone State see Pennsylvania 21 U7 Keysville Virginia, NE USA 27 23 127

122 111

138 83 83 188 125

123

37°02´N 78°28´W T3 Keytesville Missouri, C USA 39°25´N 92°56´W W17 Key West Florida Keys, Florida, SE USA 24°34´N 81°48´W T1 Kez Udmurtskaya Respublika, NW Russian Federation 57°55´N 53°42´E Kezdivásárhely see Târgu Secuiesc M12 Kezhma Krasnoyarskiy Kray, C Russian Federation 58°57´N 101°00´E L18 Kežmarok Ger. Käsmark, Hung. Késmárk. Prešovský Kraj, E Slovakia 49°09´N 20°25´E Kfar Saba see Kfar Sava F10 Kfar Sava var. Kfar Saba; prev. Kefar Sava. Central, C Israel 32°11´N 34°58´E F20 Kgalagadi r district SW Botswana I20 Kgatleng r district SE Botswana F8 Kgkeklau Babeldaob, N Palau R6 Khabarikha var. Chabaricha. Respublika Komi, NW Russian Federation 65°52´N 52°19´E S14 Khabarovsk Khabarovskiy Kray, SE Russian Federation 48°32´N 135°08´E

123 R11 Khabarovskiy Kray r territory E Russian Federation 141 W7 Khabb Abū aby, E United Arab Emirates

138 I7

139 139 139 139 139 139 154

149

154 123 149 149

163

123 144 149 138

24°39´N 55°43´E

139 N2 80 B12 141 X12 155 E14

Khabour, Nahr al see Khābūr, Nahr al Khabura see Al Khābūrah Khābūr, Nahr al var. Nahr al Khabour. j Syria/Turkey Khachmas see Xaçmaz Khadari j W Sudan Khadera see Hadera Khādhil var. Khudal. SE Oman 18°48´N 56°48´E Khadki prev. Kirkee. Mahārāshtra, W India

145 145

127

18°34´N 73°52´E

126 L14 Khadyzhensk Krasnodarskiy Kray, SW Russian Federation 44°26´N 39°31´E

Khadzhiyska Reka see Hadzhiyska Reka 117 P10 Khadzhybeys’kyy Lyman c SW Ukraine 138 K3 Khafsah Ḩalab, N Syria 36°16´N 38°03´E

152 M13 Khāga Uttar Pradesh, N India

125

139 138

25°47´N 81°05´E

153 Q13 Khagaria Bihār, NE India

25°31´N 86°27´E 149 Q13 Khairpur Sind, SE Pakistan 27°30´N 68°50´E

122 K13 Khakasiya, Respublika prev. Khakasskaya Avtonomnaya Oblast’, Eng. Khakassia. r autonomous republic C Russian Federation Khakassia/Khakasskaya Avtonomnaya Oblast’ see Khakasiya, Respublika 167 N9 Kha Khaeng, Khao l W Thailand 16°13´N 99°03´E 83 G20 Khakhea var. Kakia. Southern, S Botswana

75 T7 75 X8 127 W7

142 L3

125 W3 119 M14

141 Y10 154 K10 154 D11 154 C12 167 U10 154 G12 141 O14 141 N12

155 J16 123 P10

83 C19 149 Q2

24°41´S 23°29´E Khalach see Halaç Khalándrion see Chalándri Khalīj as Sallūm Ar. Gulf of Salûm. gulf Egypt/Libya Khalīj as Suways var. Suez, Gulf of. gulf NE Egypt Khalilovo Orenburgskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 51°25´N 58°13´E Khalkabad see Xalqobod Khalkhāl prev. Herowābād. Ardabīl, NW Iran 37°36´N 48°36´E Khalkidhikí see Chalkidikí Khalkís see Chalkída Khal’mer-Yu Respublika Komi, NW Russian Federation 68°00´N 64°45´E Khalopyenichy Rus. Kholopenichi. Minskaya Voblasts’, NE Belarus 54°31´N 28°58´E Khalturin see Orlov Khalūf var. Al Khaluf. E Oman 20°27´N 57°59´E Khamaria Madhya Pradesh, C India 23°07´N 80°54´E Khambhāt Gujarāt, W India 22°19´N 72°39´E Khambhāt, Gulf of Eng. Gulf of Cambay. gulf W India Khâm Ðc var. Phc Sn. Quang Nam-Ða Năng, C Vietnam 15°28´N 107°49´E Khāmgaon Mahārāshtra, C India 20°41´N 76°34´E Khamir var. Khamr. W Yemen 16°N 43°56´E Khamīs Mushayţ var. Hamïs Musait. ‘Asīr, SW Saudi Arabia 18°19´N 42°41´E Khammam Telangana, India 17°16´N 80°13´E Khampa Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 63°43´N 123°02´E Khamr see Khamir Khan j W Namibia Khānābād Kunduz, NE Afghanistan 36°42´N 69°08´E

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

167 123 127 153 139 143

146 154 149 117 117

117

124

124 80

80 80 80 117 117

Khân Abou Châmâte/Khan Abou Ech Cham see Khān Abū Shāmāt Khān Abū Shāmāt var. Khân Abou Châmâte, Khan Abou Ech Cham. Rīf Dimashq, W Syria

33°43´N 36°56´E Khān al Baghdādī see Al Baghdādī Khān al Maḩāwīl see Al Maḩāwīl T7 Khān al Mashāhidah Baghdād, C Iraq 33°40´N 44°15´E T10 Khān al Muşallá An Najaf, S Iraq 32°09´N 44°20´E U6 Khānaqīn Diyālá, E Iraq 34°22´N 45°22´E T11 Khān ar Ruḩbah An Najaf, S Iraq 31°42´N 44°18´E P2 Khān as Sūr Nīnawá, N Iraq 36°28´N 41°36´E T8 Khān Āzād Baghdād, C Iraq 33°08´N 44°21´E N13 Khandaparha prev. Khandpara. Odisha, E India 20°15´N 85°11´E Khandpara see Khandaparha T2 Khandūd var. Khandud, Wakhan. Badakhshān, NE Afghanistan 36°57´N 72°19´E Khandud see Khandūd G11 Khandwa Madhya Pradesh, C India 21°49´N 76°23´E R10 Khandyga Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 62°39´N 135°30´E T10 Khānewāl Punjab, NE Pakistan 30°18´N 71°56´E S10 Khāngarh Punjab, E Pakistan 29°57´N 71°14´E Khanh Hung see Soc Trăng Khaniá see Chaniá Khanka see Xonqa Z8 Khanka, Lake var. HsingK’ai Hu, Lake Hanka, Chin. Xingkai Hu, Rus. Ozero Khanka. c China/Russian Federation Khanka, Ozero see Khanka, Lake Khankendi see Xankändi O9 Khannya j NE Russian Federation D10 Khan Ordasy prev. Urda. Zapadnyy Kazakhstan, W Kazakhstan 48°52´N 47°31´E S12 Khānpur Punjab, E Pakistan 28°31´N 70°30´E I4 Khān Shaykhūn var. Khan Sheikhun. Idlib, NW Syria 35°27´N 36°38´E Khan Sheikhun see Khān Shaykhūn Khanshyngghys see Khrebet Khanshyngys S15 Khantau Zhambyl, S Kazakhstan 44°13´N 73°47´E W16 Khan Tengri, Pik l SE Kazakhstan 42°17´N 80°11´E Khan-Tengri, Pik see Hantengri Feng Khanthabouli see Savannakhét V8 Khanty-Mansiysk prev. Ostyako-Voguls’k. KhantyMansiyskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug-Yugra, C Russian Federation 61°01´N 69°E V8 Khanty-Mansiyskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug-Yugra r autonomous district C Russian Federation R4 Khānūqah Nīnawýé, C Iraq 35°25´N 43°15´E E11 Khān Yūnis var. Khān Yūnus. S Gaza Strip 31°21´N 34°18´E Khān Yūnus see Khān Yūnis Khanzi see Ghanzi Khān Zūr see Xan Sûr N10 Khao Laem Reservoir d W Thailand O14 Khapcheranga Zabaykal’skiy Kray, S Russian Federation 49°46´N 112°21´E Q12 Kharabali Astrakhanskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 47°28´N 47°14´E R16 Kharagpur West Bengal, NE India 22°30´N 87°19´E V11 Kharā’ib ‘Abd al Karīm Al Muthanná, S Iraq 31°07´N 45°33´E Q8 Kharānaq Yazd, C Iran 31°54´N 54°21´E Kharbin see Harbin Kharchi see Mārwār H13 Khardzhagaz Ahal Welaýaty, C Turkmenistan 37°54´N 60°10´E F11 Khargon Madhya Pradesh, C India 21°49´N 75°39´E V7 Khāriān Punjab, NE Pakistan 32°52´N 73°52´E V5 Kharkiv Rus. Khar’kov. Kharkivs’ka Oblast’, NE Ukraine 50°N 36°14´E V5 Kharkiv k Kharkivs’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 49°54´N 36°20´E Kharkiv see Kharkivs’ka Oblast’ U5 Kharkivs’ka Oblast’ var. Kharkiv, Rus. Khar’kovskaya Oblast’. r province E Ukraine Khar’kov see Kharkiv Khar’kovskaya Oblast’ see Kharkivs’ka Oblast’ L3 Kharlovka Murmanskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 68°47´N 37°09´E Kharmanli see Harmanli Kharmanliyska Reka see Harmanliyska Reka M13 Kharovsk Vologodskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 59°57´N 40°05´E F9 Khartoum var. El Khartûm, Khartum. a (Sudan) Khartoum, C Sudan 15°33´N 32°32´E F9 Khartoum r state NE Sudan F9 Khartoum k Khartoum, C Sudan 15°36´N 32°37´E F9 Khartoum North Khartoum, C Sudan 15°38´N 32°33´E X8 Khartsyz’k Rus. Khartsyzsk. Donets’ka Oblast’, SE Ukraine 48°01´N 38°10´E X8 Khartsyz’k Donets’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 48°01´N 38°10´E Khartsyzsk see Khartsyz’k Khartum see Khartoum Kharwazawk see Xêrzok Khasab see Al Khaşab

Administrative Regions International Airport

123 S15 Khasan Primorskiy Kray, SE Russian Federation 42°24´N 130°45´E 127 P16 Khasavyurt Respublika Dagestan, SW Russian Federation 43°16´N 46°33´E 143 W12 Khāsh prev. Vāsht. Sīstān va Balūchestān, SE Iran 28°15´N 61°11´E 148 K8 Khāsh, Dasht-e Eng. Khash Desert. desert SW Afghanistan Khash Desert see Khāsh, Dasht-e

Khashim Al Qirba/Khashm al Qirbah see Khashm el Girba 80 H9 Khashm el Girba var. Khashim Al Qirba, Khashm al Qirbah. Kassala, E Sudan

126 L8

123 T13

41°59´N 43°36´E

153 V13 Khāsi Hills hill range NE India Khaskovo see Haskovo Khaskovo see Haskovo 122 M7 Khatanga j N Russian Federation Khatanga, Gulf of see Khatangskiy Zaliv 123 N7 Khatangskiy Zaliv var. Gulf of Khatanga. bay N Russian Federation 141 W7 Khatmat al Malāḩah N Oman 24°58´N 56°22´E 143 S16 Khaţmat al Malāḩah Ash Shāriqah, E United Arab Emirates 123 V7 Khatyrka Chukotskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug, NE Russian Federation

119 O19

83 D19 83 D19

142 M7 143 N8

62°03´N 175°09´E Khauz-Khan see Hanhowuz

139 141

140

147

125

75 74 167 74 74

117

117

117

122 149 124 126 147 149 139

167 167 167

116

116

116

137 119 116

Khauzkhanskoye Vodoranilishche see Hanhowuz Suw Howdany Khavaling see Khovaling Khavast see Xovos W10 Khawrah, Nahr al j S Iraq Khawr Barakah see Barka W7 Khawr Fakkān var. Khor Fakkan. Ash Shāriqah, NE United Arab Emirates 25°22´N 56°19´E L6 Khaybar Al Madīnah, NW Saudi Arabia 25°53´N 39°16´E Khaybar, Kowtal-e see Khyber Pass S11 Khaydarkan var. Khaydarken. Batkenskaya Oblast’, SW Kyrgyzstan 39°56´N 71°17´E Khaydarken see Khaydarkan U2 Khaypudyrskaya Guba bay NW Russian Federation Khayrūzuk see Xêrzok Khazar, Baḩr-e/Khazar, Daryā-ye see Caspian Sea Khazarosp see Hazorasp Khazretishi, Khrebet see Hazratishoh, Qatorkŭhi X11 Khazzān Aswān var. Aswan Dam. dam SE Egypt Khelat see Kālat F6 Khemisset NW Morocco 33°52´N 06°04´W R10 Khemmarat var. Kemarat. Ubon Ratchathani, E Thailand 16°03´N 105°11´E L6 Khenchela var. Khenchla. NE Algeria 35°22´N 07°09´E Khenchla see Khenchela G7 Khénifra C Morocco 32°59´N 05°37´W Khersān, Rūd-e see Garm, Āb-e R10 Kherson Khersons’ka Oblast’, S Ukraine 46°39´N 32°38´E Kherson see Khersons’ka Oblast’ S14 Khersones, Mys Rus. Mys Khersonesskiy. headland S Ukraine 44°34´N 33°24´E Khersonesskiy, Mys see Khersones, Mys R10 Khersons’ka Oblast’ var. Kherson, Rus. Khersonskaya Oblast’. r province S Ukraine Khersonskaya Oblast’ see Khersons’ka Oblast’ L8 Kheta j N Russian Federation U7 Khewra Punjab, E Pakistan 32°41´N 73°04´E Khiam see El Khiyam J4 Khibiny m NW Russian Federation K3 Khimki Moskovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 55°57´N 37°48´E S12 Khingov Rus. Obi-Khingou. j C Tajikistan Khíos see Chíos R15 Khipro Sind, SE Pakistan 25°50´N 69°24´E S10 Khirr, Wādī al dry watercourse S Iraq Khisarya see Hisarya Khiva/Khiwa see Xiva N9 Khlong Khlung Kamphaeng Phet, W Thailand 16°15´N 99°41´E N15 Khlong Thom Krabi, SW Thailand 07°55´N 99°09´E P12 Khlung Chantaburi, S Thailand 12°25´N 102°12´E Khmel’nik see Khmil’nyk Khmel’nitskaya Oblast’ see Khmel’nyts’ka Oblast’ Khmel’nitskiy see Khmel ’nyts’kyy K5 Khmel’nyts’ka Oblast’ var. Khmel’nyts’kyy, Rus. Khmel’nitskaya Oblast’; prev. Kamenets-Podol’skaya Oblast’. r province NW Ukraine L6 Khmel ’nyts’kyy Rus. Khmel’nitskiy; prev. Proskurov. Khmel’nyts’ka Oblast’, W Ukraine 49°24´N 26°59´E Khmel’nyts’kyy see Khmel’nyts’ka Oblast’ M6 Khmil’nyk Rus. Khmel’nik. Vinnyts’ka Oblast’, C Ukraine 49°36´N 27°59´E Khobda see Kobda R9 Khobi W Georgia 42°20´N 41°54´E P15 Khodasy Rus. Khodosy. Mahilyowskaya Voblasts’, E Belarus 53°56´N 31°29´E I6 Khodoriv Pol. Chodorów, Rus. Khodorov. L’vivs’ka Oblast’, NW Ukraine 49°20´N 24°19´E

Mountain Mountain Range

145 W16 Khrebet Uzynkara prev. Khrebet Ketmen. m SE Kazakhstan Khrisoúpolis see Chrysoúpoli 144 J10 Khromtau Kaz. Khromtaū. Aktyubinsk, W Kazakhstan

117 O7

51°33´N 38°43´E

167 P10 Khok Samrong Lop Buri, C Thailand 15°03´N 100°44´E 124 H15 Kholm Novgorodskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation

15°00´N 35°59´E

138 G14 Khashsh, Jabal al m S Jordan 137 S10 Khashuri C Georgia

Khodorov see Khodoriv Khodosy see Khodasy Khodzhakala see Hojagala Khodzhambas see Hojambaz Khodzhent see Khujand Khodzheyli see Xo‘jayli Khoi see Khvoy Khojend see Khujand Khokand see Qo‘qon Khokhol’skiy Voronezhskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation

167 Q9

167 Q9 123 R8 127 N8 123 S14 143 U9 143 U6

57°10´N 31°06´E Kholm see Khulm Kholm see Chełm Kholmech’ see Kholmyech Kholmsk Ostrov Sakhalin, Sakhalinskaya Oblast’, SE Russian Federation 46°57´N 142°10´E Kholmyech Rus. Kholmech’. Homyel’skaya Voblasts’, SE Belarus 52°09´N 30°37´E Kholon see Holon Kholopenichi see Khalopyenichy Khomas r district C Namibia Khomas Hochland var. Khomasplato. plateau C Namibia Khomasplato see Khomas Hochland Khomein see Khomeyn Khomeyn var. Khomein, Khumain. Markazī, W Iran 33°38´N 50°03´E Khomeynīshahr prev. Homāyūnshahr. Eşfahān, C Iran 32°42´N 51°28´E Khoms see Al Khums Khong Sedone see Muang Khôngxédôn Khon Kaen var. Muang Khon Kaen. Khon Kaen, E Thailand 16°25´N 102°50´E Khonqa see Xonqa Khon San Khon Kaen, E Thailand 16°40´N 101°51´E Khonuu Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 66°24´N 143°15´E Khopër var. Khoper. j SW Russian Federation Khoper see Khopër Khor Khabarovskiy Kray, SE Russian Federation 47°44´N 134°48´E Khorāsān-e Jonūbī off. Ostan-e Khorāsān-e Jonūbī. r province E Iran Khorāsān-e Raẕavī off. Ostān-e Khorāsān-e Raẕavī, var. Khorassan, Khurasan. r province NE Iran

Khorāsān-e Raẕavī, Ostān-e see Khorāsān-e Raẕavī 143 S3 Khorāsān-e Shomālī off. Ostan-e Khorāsān-e Shomālī. r province NE Iran Khorassan see Khorāsān-e Raẕavī Khorat see Nakhon Ratchasima 154 O13 Khordha prev. Khurda. Odisha, E India 20°10´N 85°42´E

125 U4 Khorey-Ver Nenetskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug, NW Russian Federation 67°25´N 58°05´E

Khorezmskaya Oblast’ see Xorazm Viloyati Khor Fakkan see Khawr Fakkān Khorgos see Korgas 123 N13 Khorinsk Respublika Buryatiya, S Russian Federation 52°13´N 109°52´E 83 C18 Khorixas Kunene, NW Namibia 20°23´S 14°55´E 141 O17 Khormaksar var. Aden. k (‘Adan) SW Yemen

117 S5 142 L7 143 R9

12°56´N 45°00´E Khormal see Xurmał Khormuj see Khvormūj Khorog see Khorugh Khorol Poltavs’ka Oblast’, NE Ukraine 49°49´N 33°17´E Khorramābād var. Khurramabad. Lorestān, W Iran 33°29´N 48°21´E Khorramdasht Kermān, C Iran 31°41´N 56°10´E

142 K10 Khorramshahr var. Khurramshahr, Muhammerah; prev. Mohammerah. Khūzestān, SW Iran 30°30´N 48°09´E 147 S14 Khorugh Rus. Khorog. S Tajikistan 37°30´N 71°31´E Khorvot Khalutsa see Horvot Halutsa 127 Q12 Khosheutovo Astrakhanskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 149 R6 149 S6

119 R16 116 K7 74 F7 147 Q13

119 N20

145 V11 145 X10

145 Y10

Volcano River

47°04´N 47°49´E Khōst prev. Khowst. Khōst, E Afghanistan 33°22´N 69°57´E Khōst prev. Khowst. r province E Afghanistan Khotan see Hotan Khotimsk see Khotsimsk Khotin see Khotyn Khotsimsk Rus. Khotimsk. Mahilyowskaya Voblasts’, E Belarus 53°24´N 32°35´E Khotyn Rom. Hotin, Rus. Khotin. Chernivets’ka Oblast’, W Ukraine 48°29´N 26°30´E Khouribga C Morocco 32°55´N 06°51´W Khovaling Rus. Khavaling. SW Tajikistan 38°22´N 69°54´E Khovd see Hovd Khowst see Khōst Khoy see Khvoy Khoyniki Homyel’skaya Voblasts’, SE Belarus 51°54´N 29°58´E Khozretishi, Khrebet see Hazratishoh, Qatorkŭhi Khrebet Khanshyngys Kas. Khanshyngghys; prev. Khrebet Kanchingiz. m E Kazakhstan Khrebet Kalba Kaz. Qalba Zhotasy; prev. Kalbinskiy Khrebet. m E Kazakhstan Khrebet Kanchingiz see Khrebet Khanshyngys Khrebet Ketmen see Khrebet Uzynkara Khrebet Naryn Kaz. Naryn Zhotasy; prev. Narymskiy Khrebet. m E Kazakhstan

Lake Reservoir

167 R10

149 W9 83 G21 147 Q11

167 R11 149 P2 153 T16 153 T16

149 W2

153 P16 167 N7

141 R7

152 J11

149 U7 116 H8

80 D11 149 O13 142 L9

127 Q7 143 N12 142 I2

149 R2

50°14´N 58°22´E Khromtaū see Khromtau Khrysokhou Bay see Chrysochoú, Kólpos Khrystynivka Cherkas’ka Oblast’, C Ukraine 48°49´N 29°55´E Khuang Nai Ubon Ratchathani, E Thailand 15°22´N 104°33´E Khudal see Khādhil Khudat see Xudat Khudiān Punjab, E Pakistan 30°59´N 74°19´E Khudzhand see Khujand Khuis Kgalagadi, SW Botswana 26°37´S 21°50´E Khujand var. Khodzhent, Khojend, Rus. Khudzhand; prev. Leninabad, Taj. Leninobod. N Tajikistan 40°17´N 69°37´E Khukhan Si Sa Ket, E Thailand 14°38´N 104°12´E Khulm var. Tashqurghan; prev. Kholm. Balkh, N Afghanistan 36°42´N 67°41´E Khulna Khulna, SW Bangladesh 22°48´N 89°32´E Khulna r division SW Bangladesh Khumain see Khomeyn Khums see Al Khums Khunjerāb Pass pass China/ Pakistan Khūnjerāb Pass see Kunjirap Daban Khunti Jhārkhand, N India 23°02´N 85°19´E Khun Yuam Mae Hong Son, NW Thailand 18°54´N 97°54´E Khurais see Khurayş Khurasan see Khorāsān-e Raẕavī Khurayş var. Khurais. Ash Sharqīyah, C Saudi Arabia 25°06´N 48°03´E Khurda see Khordha Khurja Uttar Pradesh, N India 28°15´N 77°51´E Khūrmāl see Xurmał Khurramabad see Khorramābād Khurramshahr see Khorramshahr Khushāb Punjab, NE Pakistan 32°16´N 72°18´E Khust var. Husté, Cz. Chust, Hung. Huszt. Zakarpats’ka Oblast’, W Ukraine 48°11´N 23°19´E Khuwei Western Kordofan, C Sudan 13°02´N 29°13´E Khuzdār Baluchistān, SW Pakistan 27°49´N 66°39´E Khūzestān off. Ostān-e Khūzestān, var. Khuzistan, prev. Arabistan; anc. Susiana. r province SW Iran Khūzestān, Ostān-e see Khūzestān Khuzistan see Khūzestān Khvājeh Ghār see Khwājeh Ghār Khvalynsk Saratovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 52°30´N 48°06´E Khvormūj var. Khormuj. Būshehr, S Iran 28°32´N 51°22´E Khvoy var. Khoi, Khoy. Āarbāyjān-e Bākhtarī, NW Iran 38°36´N 45°04´E

Khwajaghar/Khwaja-iGhar see Khwājeh Ghār Khwājeh Ghār var. Khwajaghar, Khwaja-iGhar; prev. Khvājeh Ghār. Takhār, NE Afghanistan

37°08´N 69°24´E

149 U4 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa prev. North-West Frontier Province. r province NW Pakistan 149 S5 Khyber Pass var. Kowtal-e Khaybar. pass Afghanistan/ Pakistan 186 L8 Kia Santa Isabel, N Solomon Islands 07°34´S 158°31´E 183 S10 Kiama New South Wales, SE Australia 34°41´S 150°49´E 79 O22 Kiambi Katanga, SE Dem. Rep. Congo 07°15´S 28°01´E 81 I19 Kiambu r county C Kenya 27 Q12 Kiamichi Mountains m Oklahoma, C USA 27 Q12 Kiamichi River j Oklahoma, C USA 14 M10 Kiamika, Réservoir d Québec, SE Canada Kiamusze see Jiamusi 39 N7 Kiana Alaska, USA

93 M14 115 F19

95 F22 67 T9 79 E20 92 M8 79 N20 81 E20 81 J15

66°58´N 160°25´W Kiangmai see Chiang Mai Kiang-ning see Nanjing Kiangsi see Jiangxi Kiangsu see Jiangsu Kiantajärvi c E Finland Kiáto prev. Kiáton. Pelopónnisos, S Greece 38°01´N 22°45´E Kiáton see Kiáto Kiayi see Jiayi Kibæk Midtjylland, W Denmark 56°03´N 08°52´E Kibali var. Uele (upper course). j NE Dem. Rep. Congo Kibangou Niari, SW Congo 03°27´S 12°21´E Kibarty see Kybartai Kiberg Finnmark, N Norway 70°17´N 30°47´E Kibombo Maniema, E Dem. Rep. Congo 03°52´S 25°59´E Kibondo Kigoma, NW Tanzania 03°34´S 30°41´E Kibre Mengist var. Adola. Oromīya, C Ethiopia 05°50´N 39°06´E Kıbrıs see Cyprus

Kıbrıs/Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti see Cyprus 81 E20 Kibungo var. Kibungu. SE Rwanda 02°09´S 30°30´E Kibungu see Kibungo 113 N19 Kičevo SW FYR Macedonia 41°31´N 20°57´E

125 P13 Kichmengskiy Gorodok Vologodskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 30 J8

60°00´N 45°52´E

Kickapoo River j Wisconsin, N USA

KicKing Horse Pass – Kizlyar 11 P16 Kicking Horse Pass pass Alberta/British Columbia, SW Canada 77 R9 Kidal Kidal, C Mali

117 N12 Kiliya Rom. Chilia-Nouă. Odes’ka Oblast’, SW Ukraine

77 Q8 171 Q7

97

97 L20 76 I11 184 O11 100 J8 111 L15 100 K7 100 J7 167 U13 79 N24 100 Q12

76 J10 115 H19 115 F18 139 U5 81 D20 81 E20 137 P13 81 E21 81 E21 38 F10 93 K17 118 F6 38 A8 93 L14 164 J14 164 J14 92 L11 164 I15 165 V16 112 M8

165 Q5 186 C8 186 C8 165 O14

127 N8 14 I10 79 I21 95 K15 94 N12 38 B8 38 H12

109 V4

18°22´N 01°21´E Kidal r region NE Mali Kidapawan Mindanao, S Philippines 07°02´N 125°04´E Kidderminster C England, United Kingdom 52°23´N 02°14´W Kidira E Senegal 14°28´N 12°13´W Kidnappers, Cape headland North Island, New Zealand 41°13´S 175°15´E Kiel Schleswig-Holstein, N Germany 54°21´N 10°05´E Kielce Rus. Keltsy. Świętokrzyskie, C Poland 50°53´N 20°39´E Kieler Bucht bay N Germany Kieler Förde inlet N Germany Kiên Ðc var. Ðak Lap. Ðăc Lăc, S Vietnam 11°59´N 107°30´E Kienge Katanga, SE Dem. Rep. Congo 10°33´S 27°33´E Kietz Brandenburg, NE Germany 52°33´N 14°36´E Kiev see Kyyiv Kiev Reservoir see Kyyivs’ke Vodoskhovyshche Kiffa Assaba, S Mauritania 16°38´N 11°23´W Kifisiá Attikí, C Greece 38°04´N 23°49´E Kifisós j C Greece Kifrī At Ta’mím, N Iraq 34°44´N 44°58´E Kigali a (Rwanda) C Rwanda 01°59´S 30°02´E Kigali k C Rwanda 01°43´S 30°01´E Kiğı Bingöl, E Turkey 39°19´N 40°20´E Kigoma Kigoma, W Tanzania 04°52´S 29°36´E Kigoma r region W Tanzania Kīhei var. Kihei. Maui, Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 20°47´N 156°28´W Kihniö Pirkanmaa, W Finland 62°11´N 23°10´E Kihnu var. Kihnu Saar, Ger. Kühnö. island SW Estonia Kihnu Saar see Kihnu Kii Landing Ni‘ihau, Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 21°58´N 160°03´W Kiiminki PohjoisPohjanmaa, C Finland 65°05´N 25°47´E Kii-Nagashima var. Nagashima. Mie, Honshū, SW Japan 34°10´N 136°18´E Kii-sanchi m Honshū, SW Japan Kiistala Lappi, N Finland 67°52´N 25°19´E Kii-suidō strait S Japan Kikai-shima island Nanseishotō, SW Japan Kikinda Ger. Grosskikinda, Hung. Nagykikinda; prev. Velika Kikinda. Vojvodina, N Serbia 45°48´N 20°29´E Kikládhes see Kykládes Kikonai Hokkaidō, NE Japan 41°40´N 140°25´E Kikori Gulf, S Papua New Guinea 07°25´S 144°13´E Kikori j W Papua New Guinea Kikuchi var. Kikuti. Kumamoto, Kyūshū, SW Japan 33°00´N 130°49´E Kikuti see Kikuchi Kikvidze Volgogradskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 50°47´N 42°58´E Kikwissi, Lac c Québec, SE Canada Kikwit Bandundu, W Dem. Rep. Congo 05°S 18°53´E Kil Värmland, C Sweden 59°30´N 13°20´E Kilafors Gävleborg, C Sweden 61°13´N 16°34´E Kīlauea Kaua‘i, Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 22°12´N 159°24´W Kīlauea Caldera var. Kilauea Caldera. crater Hawai‘i, USA, C Pacific Ocean Kilauea Caldera see Kīlauea Caldera Kilb Niederösterreich, C Austria 48°06´N 15°21´E

39 O12 Kilbuck Mountains m Alaska, USA 163 Y12 Kilchu NE North Korea 97 F18 183 V2 97 F18 97 F18 124 K2 25 W7

114 K9 81 K20 81 J21 189 U9 149 V2 81 I21 81 I20

81 K23 118 H6 136 M17 136 M16

40°58´N 129°22´E Kilcock Ir. Cill Choca. Kildare, E Ireland 53°25´N 06°40´W Kilcoy Queensland, E Australia 26°58´S 152°30´E Kildare Ir. Cill Dara. E Ireland 53°10´N 06°55´W Kildare Ir. Cill Dara. cultural region E Ireland Kil’din, Ostrov island NW Russian Federation Kilgore Texas, SW USA 32°23´N 94°52´W Kilien Mountains see Qilian Shan Kilifarevo Veliko Tūrnovo, N Bulgaria 43°00´N 25°36´E Kilifi Kilifi, SE Kenya 03°37´S 39°50´E Kilifi r county SE Kenya Kili Island var. Kōle. island Ralik Chain, S Marshall Islands Kilik Pass pass Afghanistan/ China Kilimane see Quelimane Kilimanjaro r region E Tanzania Kilimanjaro var. Uhuru Peak. i NE Tanzania 03°01´S 37°14´E Kilimbangara see Kolombangara Kilinailau Islands see Tulun Islands Kilindoni Pwani, E Tanzania 07°56´S 39°40´E Kilingi-Nõmme Ger. Kurkund. Pärnumaa, SW Estonia 58°07´N 24°00´E Kilis Kilis, S Turkey 36°43´N 37°07´E Kilis r province S Turkey

97

97 97 114 97 11 183 11 14 97 28

45°30´N 29°16´E B19 Kilkee Ir. Cill Chaoi. Clare, W Ireland 52°41´N 09°38´W E19 Kilkenny Ir. Cill Chainnigh. Kilkenny, S Ireland 52°39´N 07°15´W E19 Kilkenny Ir. Cill Chainnigh. cultural region S Ireland B18 Kilkieran Bay Ir. Cuan Chill Chiaráin. bay W Ireland G13 Kilkís Kentrikí Makedonía, N Greece 40°59´N 22°55´E C15 Killala Bay Ir. Cuan Chill Ala. inlet NW Ireland R15 Killam Alberta, SW Canada 52°45´N 111°46´W U3 Killarney Queensland, E Australia 28°18´S 152°15´E W17 Killarney Manitoba, S Canada 49°12´N 99°40´W E11 Killarney Ontario, S Canada 45°58´N 81°27´W B20 Killarney Ir. Cill Airne. Kerry, SW Ireland 52°03´N 09°30´W K4 Killdeer North Dakota, N USA 47°21´N 102°45´W

Killdeer Mountains m North Dakota, N USA 45 V15 Killdeer River j Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago 25 S9 Killeen Texas, SW USA 28 J4

31°07´N 97°44´W

Killik River j Alaska, USA 11 T7 Killinek Island island Nunavut, NE Canada Killini see Kyllíni 115 C19 Killínis, Akrotírio headland S Greece 37°55´N 21°07´E 97 D15 Killybegs Ir. Na Cealla Beaga. NW Ireland 39 P6

54°38´N 08°27´W

Kilmain see Quelimane 96 I13 Kilmarnock W Scotland, United Kingdom 21 X6 125 S16 127 S2 125 R16 67 V11 92 J10 97 B19 79 O24 81 J24 81 J24 171 T13 114 P12 37 V8 145 O9 169 U7 182 H8 28 I15 29 O11 79 I21 186 F7 186 G7 11 P17 83 H23 180 M4 33 P15 163 Y12

93 K20 9

R7

165 R4 115 I21

55°37´N 04°30´W Kilmarnock Virginia, NE USA 37°42´N 76°22´W Kil’mez’ Kirovskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 56°55´N 51°03´E Kil’mez’ Udmurtskaya Respublika, NW Russian Federation 57°04´N 51°22´E Kil’mez’ j NW Russian Federation Kilombero j S Tanzania Kilpisjärvi Lappi, N Finland 69°03´N 20°50´E Kilrush Ir. Cill Rois. Clare, W Ireland 52°39´N 09°29´W Kilwa Katanga, SE Dem. Rep. Congo 09°22´S 28°19´E Kilwa see Kilwa Kivinje Kilwa Kivinje var. Kilwa. Lindi, SE Tanzania 08°45´S 39°21´E Kilwa Masoko Lindi, SE Tanzania 08°55´S 39°31´E Kilwo Pulau Seram, E Indonesia 03°36´S 130°48´E Kilyos İstanbul, NW Turkey 41°15´N 29°01´E Kim Colorado, C USA 37°12´N 103°22´W Kima prev. Kiyma. Akmola, C Kazakhstan 51°37´N 67°31´E Kimanis, Teluk bay Sabah, East Malaysia Kimba South Australia 33°09´S 136°26´E Kimball Nebraska, C USA 41°16´N 103°40´W Kimball South Dakota, N USA 43°45´N 98°57´W Kimbao Bandundu, SW Dem. Rep. Congo 05°27´S 17°40´E Kimbe New Britain, E Papua New Guinea 05°36´S 150°10´E Kimbe Bay inlet New Britain, E Papua New Guinea Kimberley British Columbia, SW Canada 49°40´N 115°58´W Kimberley Northern Cape, C South Africa 28°45´S 24°46´E Kimberley Plateau plateau Western Australia Kimberly Idaho, NW USA 42°31´N 114°21´W Kimch’aek prev. Sŏngjin. E North Korea 40°42´N 129°13´E Kimch’ŏn see Gimcheon Kim Hae see Gimhae Kími see Kými Kimito Swe. Kemiö. Varsinais-Suomi, SW Finland 60°10´N 22°45´E Kimmirut prev. Lake Harbour. Baffin Island, Nunavut, NE Canada 62°48´N 69°49´W Kimobetsu Hokkaidō, NE Japan 42°47´N 140°55´E Kímolos island Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea

115 I21 Kímolou Sífnou, Stenó strait Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea 126 L5 Kimovsk Tul’skaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation

115 L21 11 O15 96 I7 14 E14 96 K10 79 K21

Kinabatangan, Sungai var. Kinabatangan. j East Malaysia Kínaros island Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea Kinbasket Lake d British Columbia, SW Canada Kinbrace N Scotland, United Kingdom 58°16´N 02°59´W Kincardine Ontario, S Canada 44°11´N 81°38´W Kincardine cultural region E Scotland, United Kingdom Kinda Kasai-Occidental, SE Dem. Rep. Congo 04°48´S 21°50´E

79 M24 Kinda Katanga, SE Dem. Rep. Congo 09°20´S 25°06´E 166 L3 Kindat Sagaing, N Myanmar (Burma) 23°42´N 94°29´E 109 V6 Kindberg Steiermark, C Austria 47°31´N 15°27´E

Country Country Capital

30°29´N 92°51´W

98 H13 Kinderdijk ZuidHolland, SW Netherlands 51°52´N 04°37´E

97 M17 Kinder Scout l C England, United Kingdom 11 S16 76 I14 64 B11 29 R6 79 N20

127 S6 125 N15

53°25´N 01°52´W Kindersley Saskatchewan, S Canada 51°29´N 109°08´W Kindia Guinée-Maritime, SW Guinea 10°12´N 12°26´W Kindley Field air base E Bermuda Kindred North Dakota, N USA 46°39´N 97°01´W Kindu prev. Kindu-PortEmpain. Maniema, C Dem. Rep. Congo 02°57´S 25°54´E Kindu-Port-Empain see Kindu Kinel’ Samarskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 53°14´N 50°40´E Kineshma Ivanovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 57°28´N 42°08´E King see King William’s Town

182 J11 Kingston Southeast South Australia 36°51´S 139°53´E 97 N17 Kingston upon Hull var. Hull. E England, United Kingdom 53°45´N 00°20´W 97 N22 Kingston upon Thames SE England, United Kingdom 45 P14

21 T13 64 L8 14 C18 25 S15 21 W6 9

N7

83 I25

140 K10 King Abdul Aziz k (Makkah) Makkah, W Saudi Arabia 140 L9

21 X6

21°44´N 39°08´E

King Abdullah Economic City Makkah, W Saudi Arabia

22°24´N 39°05´E Kingait see Cape Dorset

King and Queen Court House Virginia, NE USA

37°40´N 76°49´W

King Charles Islands see Kong Karls Land King Christian IX Land see Kong Christian IX Land King Christian X Land see Kong Christian X Land 35 O11 King City California, W USA 36°12´N 121°09´W King City Missouri, C USA 40°03´N 94°31´W 38 M16 King Cove Alaska, USA 55°03´N 162°19´W 26 M10 Kingfisher Oklahoma, C USA 35°53´N 97°56´W King Frederik VI Coast see Kong Frederik VI Kyst

21 T3 136 C13 79 G21 165 R10 184 M8 95 J19 96 L8

27 R2

65 194

12

124 183 10

141 35 195 180 36 26 192 79 182 194 39 35 35 182 194 183 11 23 29 97

53°59´N 38°34´E Kimpolung see Câmpulung Moldovenesc 124 K16 Kimry Tverskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 56°52´N 37°21´E 79 H21 Kimvula Bas-Congo, SW Dem. Rep. Congo 05°44´S 15°58´E 169 U6 Kinabalu, Gunung l East Malaysia 05°52´N 116°08´E Kinabatangan see Kinabatangan, Sungai

169 V7

22 H8 Kinder Louisiana, S USA

21 180 37 21 35 183 14 44 185 19 27 18 31 19 20 35

King Frederik VIII Land see Kong Frederik VIII Land B24 King George Bay bay West Falkland, Falkland Islands G3 King George Island var. King George Land. island South Shetland Islands, Antarctica I6 King George Islands island group Northwest Territories, C Canada King George Land see King George Island G13 Kingisepp Leningradskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 59°23´N 28°37´E N14 King Island island Tasmania, SE Australia J15 King Island island British Columbia, SW Canada King Island see Kadan Kyun Kingissepp see Kuressaare Q7 King Khalid k (Ar Riyāḑ) Ar Riyāḑ, C Saudi Arabia 25°00´N 46°40´E S2 King Lear Peak l Nevada, W USA 41°13´N 118°30´W Y8 King Leopold and Queen Astrid Land physical region Antarctica M4 King Leopold Ranges m Western Australia I11 Kingman Arizona, SW USA 35°12´N 114°02´W M6 Kingman Kansas, C USA 37°39´N 98°07´W L7 Kingman Reef p US unincorporated territory C Pacific Ocean N20 Kingombe Maniema, E Dem. Rep. Congo 02°37´S 26°39´E F5 Kingoonya South Australia 30°56´S 135°20´E J10 King Peninsula peninsula Antarctica P13 King Salmon Alaska, USA 58°41´N 156°39´W Q6 Kings Beach California, W USA 39°13´N 120°02´W R11 Kingsburg California, W USA 36°30´N 119°33´W I10 Kingscote South Australia 35°41´S 137°36´E King’s County see Offaly H2 King Sejong South Korean research station Antarctica 61°57´S 58°23´W T9 Kingsford Smith k (Sydney) New South Wales, SE Australia 33°58´S 151°09´E P17 Kingsgate British Columbia, SW Canada 48°58´N 116°09´W W8 Kingsland Georgia, SE USA 30°48´N 81°41´W S13 Kingsley Iowa, C USA 42°35´N 95°58´W O19 King’s Lynn var. Bishop’s Lynn, Kings Lynn, Lynn, Lynn Regis. E England, United Kingdom 52°45´N 00°24´E Kings Lynn see King’s Lynn Q10 Kings Mountain North Carolina, SE USA 35°15´N 81°20´W K4 King Sound sound Western Australia N2 Kings Peak l Utah, W USA 40°43´N 110°27´W O8 Kingsport Tennessee, S USA 36°32´N 82°33´W R11 Kings River j California, W USA P17 Kingston Tasmania, SE Australia 42°57´S 147°18´E K14 Kingston Ontario, SE Canada 44°14´N 76°30´W K13 Kingston a (Jamaica) E Jamaica 17°58´N 76°48´W C22 Kingston Otago, South Island, New Zealand 45°20´S 168°45´E P12 Kingston Massachusetts, NE USA 41°59´N 70°43´W S3 Kingston Missouri, C USA 39°36´N 94°02´W K12 Kingston New York, NE USA 41°55´N 74°00´W S14 Kingston Ohio, N USA 39°28´N 82°54´W O13 Kingston Rhode Island, NE USA 41°28´N 71°31´W M9 Kingston Tennessee, S USA 35°52´N 84°30´W W12 Kingston Peak l California, W USA 35°43´N 115°54´W

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

95 K20 92 L7

155 93 14 164 11 99 96 96 97 95 79 79

79

117 26 21 77 182 96 96 166 12 11 154 81 101 26 27 14

51°26´N 00°18´W Kingstown a (Saint Vincent and the Grenadines) Saint Vincent, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 13°09´N 61°14´W Kingstown see Dún Laoghaire Kingstree South Carolina, SE USA 33°40´N 79°50´W Kings Trough undersea feature E Atlantic Ocean 22°00´W 43°48´N Kingsville Ontario, S Canada 42°03´N 82°43´W Kingsville Texas, SW USA 27°32´N 97°53´W King William Virginia, NE USA 37°42´N 77°03´W King William Island island Nunavut, N Canada King William’s Town var. King, Kingwilliamstown. Eastern Cape, S South Africa 32°53´S 27°24´E Kingwilliamstown see King William’s Town Kingwood West Virginia, NE USA 39°27´N 79°43´W Kınık İzmir, W Turkey 39°05´N 27°25´E Kinkala Pool, S Congo 04°18´S 14°49´E Kinka-san headland Honshū, C Japan 38°17´N 141°34´E Kinleith Waikato, North Island, New Zealand 38°16´S 175°53´E Kinna Västra Götaland, S Sweden 57°32´N 12°42´E Kinnaird Head var. Kinnairds Head. headland NE Scotland, United Kingdom 58°39´N 03°22´W Kinnairds Head see Kinnaird Head Kinnared Halland, S Sweden 57°01´N 13°04´E

46°55´N 15°40´E

Kirchbach in Steiermark see Kirchbach 108 H7 Kirchberg Sankt Gallen, NE Switzerland 109 S5

81 G24 Kipengere Range m SW Tanzania 81 E23 Kipili Rukwa, W Tanzania 07°30´S 30°39´E

81 K20 Kipini Tana River, SE Kenya 02°30´S 40°30´E

11 V16 Kipling Saskatchewan, S Canada 50°04´N 102°45´W 38 M13 Kipnuk Alaska, USA 59°56´N 164°02´W

97 F18 Kippure Ir. Cipiúr. l E Ireland 53°10´N 06°22´W 79 N25 Kipushi Katanga, SE Dem. Rep. Congo 11°45´S 27°20´E 187 N10 Kirakira var. Kaokaona. Makira-Ulawa, SE Solomon Islands 10°28´S 161°54´E 155 K14 Kirandul var. Bailādila. Chhattīsgarh, C India 18°46´N 81°18´E

155 I21 Kīranūr Tamil Nādu, SE India 11°37´N 79°10´E 119 N21 Kiraw Rus. Kirovo. Homyel’skaya Voblasts’, SE Belarus 51°30´N 29°25´E 119 M17 Kirawsk Rus. Kirovsk; prev. Startsy. Mahilyowskaya Voblasts’, E Belarus 53°16´N 29°29´E

Kirbla Läänemaa, W Estonia

58°45´N 23°57´E 25 Y9 Kirbyville Texas, SW USA 30°39´N 93°53´W 114 M12 Kīrcasalih Edirne, NW Turkey 41°24´N 26°48´E

Administrative Regions International Airport

47°24´N 09°03´E

Kirchdorf an der Krems Oberösterreich, N Austria 47°55´N 14°08´E Kirchheim see Kirchheim unter Teck

101 I22 Kirchheim unter Teck var. Kirchheim. BadenWürttemberg, SW Germany 139 T1

48°39´N 09°28´E

Kirdī Kawrāw, Qimmat var. Sar-i Kōrāwa. NE Iraq

37°08´N 44°39´E

Kirdzhali see Kardzhali 123 N13 Kirenga j S Russian Federation 123 N12 Kirensk Irkutskaya Oblast’, C Russian Federation 145 S16

79 I19 191 R3

136 L17 136 I13 136 C10 124 L13

Kinnarodden

headland N Norway 71°07´N 27°40´E Kinneret, Yam see Tiberias, Lake K24 Kinniyai Eastern Province, NE Sri Lanka 08°30´N 81°11´E L16 Kinnula Keski-Suomi, C Finland 63°24´N 25°E I8 Kinojévis j Québec, SE Canada I14 Kino-kawa j Honshū, SW Japan U11 Kinoosao Saskatchewan, C Canada 57°06´N 101°02´W L17 Kinrooi Limburg, NE Belgium 51°09´N 05°48´E J11 Kinross C Scotland, United Kingdom 56°14´N 03°27´W J11 Kinross cultural region C Scotland, United Kingdom C21 Kinsale Ir. Cionn tSáile. Cork, SW Ireland 51°42´N 08°32´W D14 Kinsarvik Hordaland, S Norway 60°22´N 06°43´E G21 Kinshasa prev. Léopoldville. a Kinshasa, W Dem. Rep. Congo 04°21´S 15°16´E G21 Kinshasa off. Ville de Kinshasa, var. Kinshasa City. r region (Dem. Rep. Congo) SW Dem. Rep. Congo G21 Kinshasa k Kinshasa, SW Dem. Rep. Congo 04°23´S 15°30´E Kinshasa City see Kinshasa U9 Kins’ka j SE Ukraine K6 Kinsley Kansas, C USA 37°55´N 99°26´W W10 Kinston North Carolina, SE USA 35°16´N 77°35´W P15 Kintampo W Ghana 08°06´N 01°40´W B1 Kintore, Mount l South Australia 26°30´S 130°24´E G13 Kintyre peninsula W Scotland, United Kingdom G13 Kintyre, Mull of headland W Scotland, United Kingdom 55°16´N 05°46´W M4 Kin-u Sagaing, C Myanmar (Burma) 22°47´N 95°36´E G8 Kinushseo j Ontario, C Canada P13 Kinuso Alberta, W Canada 55°19´N 115°23´W I13 Kinwat Mahārāshtra, C India 19°37´N 78°12´E F16 Kinyeti l S South Sudan 03°56´N 32°52´E I17 Kinzig j SW Germany Kioga, Lake see Kyoga, Lake M8 Kiowa Kansas, C USA 37°01´N 98°29´W P12 Kiowa Oklahoma, C USA 34°43´N 95°54´W Kiparissía see Kyparissía H10 Kipawa, Lac c Québec, SE Canada

118 F5

109 W8 Kirchbach var. Kirchbach in Steiermark. Steiermark, SE Austria

81 I19 81 I18 124 H13

164 C16

191 Y2 191 Y2 186 G9 186 G9 96 K12 97 I14 97 I14

95 I14 92 M8 92 J4

57°37´N 107°54´E Kirghizia see Kyrgyzstan Kirghiz Range Rus. Kirgizskiy Khrebet; prev. Alexander Range. m Kazakhstan/Kyrgyzstan Kirghiz SSR see Kyrgyzstan Kirghiz Steppe see Saryarka Kirgizskaya SSR see Kyrgyzstan Kirgizskiy Khrebet see Kirghiz Range Kiri Bandundu, W Dem. Rep. Congo 01°29´S 19°00´E Kiriath-Arba see Hebron Kiribati off. Republic of Kiribati. b republic C Pacific Ocean Kiribati, Republic of see Kiribati Kırıkhan Hatay, S Turkey 36°30´N 36°20´E Kırıkkale Kırıkkale, C Turkey 39°50´N 33°31´E Kırıkkale r province C Turkey Kirillov Vologodskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 59°52´N 38°24´E Kirin see Jilin Kirinyaga r county C Kenya Kirinyaga prev. Mount Kenya. i Kirinyaga, C Kenya 0°02´S 37°19´E Kirishi var. Kirisi. Leningradskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 59°28´N 32°02´E Kirishima-yama l  Kyūshū, SW Japan 31°58´N 130°51´E Kirisi see Kirishi Kiritimati k Kiritimati, E Kiribati 02°00´N 157°30´W Kiritimati prev. Christmas Island. atoll Line Islands, E Kiribati Kiriwina Island Eng. Trobriand Island. island SE Papua New Guinea Kiriwina Islands var. Trobriand Islands. island group S Papua New Guinea Kirkcaldy E Scotland, United Kingdom 56°07´N 03°10´W Kirkcudbright S Scotland, United Kingdom 54°50´N 04°03´W Kirkcudbright cultural region S Scotland, United Kingdom Kirkee see Khadki Kirkenær Hedmark, S Norway 60°27´N 12°04´E Kirkenes Fin. Kirkkoniemi. Finnmark, N Norway 69°43´N 30°02´E

Kirkjubæjarklaustur Suðurland, S Iceland

63°46´N 18°03´W Kirk-Kilissa see Kırklareli Kirkkoniemi see Kirkenes 93 L20 Kirkkonummi Swe. Kyrkslätt. Uusimaa, S Finland 60°06´N 24°20´E 14 G7 Kirkland Lake Ontario, S Canada 48°10´N 80°02´W 136 C9 Kırklareli prev. Kirk-Kilissa. Kırklareli, NW Turkey 41°45´N 27°12´E 136 I13 Kırklareli r province NW Turkey 185 F20 Kirkliston Range m South Island, New Zealand

14 D10 Kirkpatrick Lake c Ontario, S Canada 195 Q11 Kirkpatrick, Mount l Antarctica 84°37´S 164°36´E 27 U2 Kirksville Missouri, C USA

40°12´N 92°35´W 139 T4 Kirkūk var. Karkūk, Kerkuk. Kirkūk, NE Iraq 35°28´N 44°26´E 139 S4 Kirkūk off. Muḩāfaᶎat at Kirkūk; prev. At Ta’mīm. r governorate NE Iraq Kirkūk, Muḩāfaᶎat at see Kirkūk 139 U7 Kir Kush Diyālá, E Iraq 33°42´N 45°15´E 96 K5 Kirkwall NE Scotland, United Kingdom 58°59´N 02°58´W 83 H25 Kirkwood Eastern Cape, S South Africa 33°23´S 25°19´E 27 X5 Kirkwood Missouri, C USA 38°35´N 90°24´W Kirman see Kermān Kir Moab/Kir of Moab see Al Karak 126 I5 Kirov Kaluzhskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 54°02´N 34°17´E 125 R14 Kirov prev. Vyatka. Kirovskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 58°35´N 49°39´E Kīrov see Balpyk Bi/ Ust'yevoye Kirovabad see Gäncä Kirovabad see Panj, Tajikistan Kirovakan see Vanadzor Kīrov/Kirova see Kopbirlik, Kazakhstan Kirovo see Kiraw, Belarus Kirovo see Beshariq, Uzbekistan

125 R14 Kirovo-Chepetsk Kirovskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 58°33´N 50°06´E

Kirovogradskaya Oblast’/Kirovohrad see Kirovohrads’ka Oblast’

Mountain Mountain Range

Volcano River

Kirovohrad Rus. Kirovograd; prev. Kirovo, Yelizavetgrad, Zinov’yevsk. Kirovohrads’ka Oblast’, C Ukraine 48°30´N 31°17´E 117 P7 Kirovohrads’ka Oblast’ var. Kirovohrad, Rus. Kirovogradskaya Oblast’. r province C Ukraine Kirovo/Kirovograd see Kirovohrad 124 J4 Kirovsk Murmanskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 67°37´N 33°38´E 117 X7 Kirovs’k Luhans’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 48°40´N 38°39´E Kirovsk see Kirawsk, Belarus Kirovsk see Babadaýhan, Turkmenistan 122 E9 Kirovskaya Oblast’ r province NW Russian Federation 117 U13 Kirovs’ke Rus. Kirovskoye. Avtonomna Respublika Krym, S Ukraine 45°13´N 35°12´E 117 X8 Kirovs’ke Donets’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 48°12´N 38°20´E Kirovskiy see Balpyk Bi Kirovskiy see Ust’yevoye Kirovskoye see Kyzyl-Adyr Kirovskoye see Kirovs’ke 146 E11 Kirpili Ahal Welaýaty, C Turkmenistan 117 R7

39°31´N 57°13´E

96 K10 Kirriemuir E Scotland, United Kingdom

164 G12 Kisuki var. Unnan. Shimane, Honshū, SW Japan 35°25´N 133°15´E

81 H18 Kisumu prev. Port Florence. Kisumu, W Kenya 0°02´N 34°42´E

81 H18 Kisumu r county W Kenya Kisutzaneustadtl see Kysucké Nové Mesto 111 O20 Kisvárda Ger. Kleinwardein. Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg, E Hungary 48°13´N 22°03´E 81 J24 Kiswere Lindi, SE Tanzania 09°24´S 39°37´E

Kiszucaújhely see Kysucké Nové Mesto 76 K12 Kita Kayes, W Mali

165 Q4 165 P12 165 X16 165 Q9 165 P11 164 D13

56°38´N 03°01´W

125 S13 Kirs Kirovskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 127 N7 136 J14 136 I13 149 P4 37 P9 92 J11 79 M18

59°22´N 52°20´E Kirsanov Tambovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 52°40´N 42°48´E Kirşehir anc. Justinianopolis. Kirşehir, C Turkey 39°09´N 34°08´E Kirşehir r province C Turkey Kīrthar Range m S Pakistan Kirtland New Mexico, SW USA 36°43´N 108°21´W Kiruna Lapp. Giron. Norrbotten, N Sweden 67°50´N 20°16´E Kirundu Orientale, NE Dem. Rep. Congo 0°45´S 25°28´E Kirun/Kirun’ see Jilong

81 H18 165 U3

Kitami-sanchi m Hokkaidō, NE Japan 37 W5 Kit Carson Colorado, C USA 165 T2

38°45´N 102°47´W

180 M12 Kitchener Western Australia 31°03´S 124°00´E

14 F16 Kitchener Ontario, S Canada 43°28´N 80°27´W

93 O17 Kitee Pohjois-Karjala, SE Finland 62°06´N 30°09´E 81 G16 Kitgum N Uganda

Kirwin Reservoir d Kansas, C USA 127 Q4 Kirya Chuvashskaya Respublika, W Russian Federation 55°04´N 46°50´E 138 G8 Kiryat Shmona prev. Qiryat Shemona. Northern, N Israel

8

95 M18 Kisa Östergötland, S Sweden

116 K7

26 L3

33°13´N 35°35´E

165 P9 79 L18 39 N12 165 O14 111 I22 11 V17 122 J13

L8

10 J13 92 L11 147 N12

58°N 15°39´E

Kisakata Akita, Honshū, C Japan 39°12´N 139°55´E Kisalföld see Little Alföld Kisangani prev. Stanleyville. Orientale, NE Dem. Rep. Congo 0°30´N 25°14´E Kisaralik River j Alaska, USA Kisarazu Chiba, Honshū, S Japan 35°23´N 139°57´E Kisbér Komárom-Esztergom, NW Hungary 47°30´N 18°00´E Kisbey Saskatchewan, S Canada 49°41´N 102°39´W Kiselevsk Kemerovskaya Oblast’, S Russian Federation 54°00´N 86°38´E

164 E14 18 C14 19 P10 92 L11 109 Z4 81 J19 81 J20

153 R13 Kishanganj Bihār, NE India

81 G22

152 G12 Kishangarh Rājasthān, N India 26°33´N 74°52´E Kishegyes see Mali Iđoš 77 S15 Kishi Oyo, W Nigeria

10 K13

26°06´N 87°57´E

164 I14 143 P14 145 R7

138 G9 152 I6 81 H19 81 H19 81 J23

38 E17

09°01´N 03°53´E Kishinev see Chişinău Kishiözen see Saryozen Kishiwada var. Kisiwada. Ōsaka, Honshū, SW Japan 34°28´N 135°22´E Kīsh, Jazīreh-ye var. Qey. island S Iran Kishkenekol’ prev. Kzyltu, Kaz. Qyzyltū. Kokshetau, N Kazakhstan 53°39´N 72°22´E Kishon, Nahal prev. Naal Qishon. j N Israel Kishtwār Jammu and Kashmir, NW India 33°20´N 75°49´E Kisii Kisii, SW Kenya 0°40´S 34°47´E Kisii r county W Kenya Kisiju Pwani, E Tanzania 07°25´S 39°20´E Kisiwada see Kishiwada Kisjenő see Chişineu-Criş Kiska Island island Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA Kiskapus see Copşa Mică

111 M22 Kiskörei-víztároló d E Hungary Kis-Küküllo see Târnava Mică 111 L24 Kiskunfélegyháza var. Félegyháza. Bács-Kiskun, C Hungary 46°42´N 19°52´E 111 K25 Kiskunhalas var. Halas. Bács-Kiskun, S Hungary 46°26´N 19°29´E

111 K24 Kiskunmajsa Bács-Kiskun, S Hungary 46°30´N 19°46´E 127 N15 Kislovodsk Stavropol’skiy Kray, SW Russian Federation 43°55´N 42°45´E

81 L18 Kismaayo var. Chisimayu, Kismayu, It. Chisimaio. Jubbada Hoose, S Somalia 164 M13 115 H24

76 K14 23 X12 23 X12

0°05´S 42°35´E Kismayu see Kismaayo Kiso-sanmyaku m Honshū, S Japan Kíssamos prev. Kastélli. Kríti, Greece, E Mediterranean Sea 35°30´N 23°39´E Kisseraing see Kanmaw Kyun Kissidougou GuinéeForestière, S Guinea 09°15´N 10°08´W Kissimmee Florida, SE USA 28°17´N 81°24´W Kissimmee, Lake c Florida, SE USA

23 X13 Kissimmee River j Florida, SE USA 11 V13 Kississing Lake c Manitoba, C Canada 111 L24 Kistelek Csongrád, SE Hungary 46°27´N 19°58´E Kistna see Krishna 111 M23 Kisújszállás Jász-NagykunSzolnok, E Hungary 47°14´N 20°45´E

Lake Reservoir

13°00´N 09°28´W Kitaa r province W Greenland Kita-Akita see Takanosu Kitab see Kitob Kitahiyama Hokkaidō, NE Japan 42°25´N 139°55´E Kitaibaraki Ibaraki, Honshū, S Japan 36°46´N 140°45´E Kita-Iō-jima Eng. San Alessandro. island SE Japan Kitakami Iwate, Honshū, C Japan 39°18´N 141°05´E Kitakata Fukushima, Honshū, C Japan 37°38´N 139°52´E Kitakyūshū var. Kitakyûsyû. Fukuoka, Kyūshū, SW Japan 33°51´N 130°49´E Kitakyûsyû see Kitakyūshū Kitale Trans Nzoia, W Kenya 01°01´N 35°01´E Kitami Hokkaidō, NE Japan 43°52´N 143°51´E

82 J13

109 O7

03°17´N 32°54´E Kithareng see Kanmaw Kyun Kíthira see Kýthira Kíthnos see Kýthnos Kitikmeot r cultural region Nunavut, N Canada Kitimat British Columbia, SW Canada 54°05´N 128°38´W Kitinen j N Finland Kitob Rus. Kitab. Qashqadaryo Viloyati, S Uzbekistan 39°06´N 66°47´E Kitsman’ Ger. Kotzman, Rom. Cozmeni, Rus. Kitsman. Chernivets’ka Oblast’, W Ukraine 48°30´N 25°50´E Kitsuki var. Kituki. Ōita, Kyūshū, SW Japan 33°24´N 131°36´E Kittanning Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°48´N 79°28´W Kittery Maine, NE USA 43°05´N 70°44´W Kittilä Lappi, N Finland 67°39´N 24°53´E Kittsee Burgenland, E Austria 48°06´N 17°03´E Kitui Kitui, S Kenya 01°25´S 38°00´E Kitui r county S Kenya Kituki see Kitsuki Kitunda Tabora, C Tanzania 06°47´S 33°13´E Kitwanga British Columbia, SW Canada 55°07´N 128°03´W Kitwe var. Kitwe-Nkana. Copperbelt, C Zambia 12°48´S 28°13´E Kitwe-Nkana see Kitwe Kitzbühel Tirol, W Austria 47°27´N 12°23´E

109 O7 Kitzbüheler Alpen m W Austria 101 J19 Kitzingen Bayern, SE Germany 49°45´N 10°11´E 153 Q14 Kiul Bihār, NE India 25°10´N 86°06´E

Kiunga Western, SW Papua New Guinea 06°10´S 141°15´E 93 M16 Kiuruvesi Pohjois-Savo, C Finland 63°38´N 26°40´E 38 M7 Kivalina Alaska, USA 186 A7

9 92 116

93 95

67°44´N 164°32´W

O10 Kivalliq r cultural region Nunavut, N Canada L13 Kivalo ridge C Finland J3 Kivertsi Pol. Kiwerce, Rus. Kivertsy. Volyns’ka Oblast’, NW Ukraine 50°50´N 25°31´E Kivertsy see Kivertsi L16 Kivijärvi Keski-Suomi, C Finland 63°09´N 25°04´E L23 Kivik Skåne, S Sweden 55°40´N 14°15´E

Kiviõli Ida-Virumaa, NE Estonia 59°20´N 27°00´E Kivu, Lac see Kivu, Lake 67 U10 Kivu, Lake Fr. Lac Kivu. c Rwanda/Dem. Rep. Congo 186 C9 Kiwai Island island SW Papua New Guinea 39 N8 Kiwalik Alaska, USA 118 J3

66°01´N 161°50´W Kiwerce see Kivertsi Kiyev see Kyyiv 145 R10 Kiyevka Karaganda, C Kazakhstan 50°15´N 71°33´E Kiyevskaya Oblast’ see Kyyivs’ka Oblast’

136 D10 125 V13 125 O12

136 H12 136 J10 137 P16

127 Q16 127 Q15

Kiyevskoye Vodokhranilishche see Kyyivs’ke Vodoskhovyshche Kīyīköy Kırklareli, NW Turkey 41°37´N 28°07´E Kiyma see Kima Kizel Permskiy Kray, NW Russian Federation 58°59´N 57°37´E Kizema var. Kizëma. Arkhangel’skaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 61°06´N 44°51´E Kizëma see Kizema Kizilagach see Elhovo Kızılcahamam Ankara, N Turkey 40°28´N 32°37´E Kızıl Irmak j C Turkey Kizil Kum see Kyzyl Kum Kızıltepe Mardin, SE Turkey 37°12´N 40°36´E Ki Zil Uzen see Qezel Owzan, Rūd-e Kizilyurt Respublika Dagestan, SW Russian Federation 43°13´N 46°54´E Kizlyar Respublika Dagestan, SW Russian Federation 43°51´N 46°39´E

271

Kizner – KonKouré 127 S3

95 H16 92 L7 92 H11 169 N12 112 I12 171 X16 111 C16 112 P11 167 P12 109 T9 118 B11 118 C11 95 B18 34 L2 32 H16 34 M1 34 L2 168 K9

94 J13 111 B15

111 B18

39 Y14 98 P8 110 H11 110 I11 10 L15 83 D20

101 O14 99 I16 83 E22

83 D23 115 C16 95 C17 83 I22 126 I5

101 D14

113 J16 119 M16

119 Q16 114 M7 93 G14 126 K3

113 M16 111 B15 95 P19 127 R8 126 H6 95 K22 92 G13 121 P2 114 I9 95 F20 112 F11 111 J14 110 J11

272

Kizner Udmurtskaya Respublika, NW Russian Federation 56°19´N 51°37´E Kizyl-Arvat see Serdar Kizyl-Atrek see Etrek Kizyl-Kaya see Gyzylgaýa Kizyl-Su see Gyzylsuw Kjerkøy island S Norway Kjølen see Kölen Kjøllefjord Finnmark, N Norway 70°55´N 27°19´E Kjøpsvik Lapp. Gásluokta. Nordland, C Norway 68°06´N 16°21´E Klabat, Teluk bay Pulau Bangka, W Indonesia Kladanj r  Fedederacijia Bosna I Hercegovina, E Bosnia and Herzegovina Kladar Papua, E Indonesia 08°14´S 137°46´E Kladno Středočeský, NW Czech Republic 50°10´N 14°05´E Kladovo Serbia, E Serbia 44°37´N 22°36´E Klaeng Rayong, S Thailand 12°48´N 101°41´E Klagenfurt Slvn. Celovec. Kärnten, S Austria 46°38´N 14°20´E Klaipėda Ger. Memel. Klaipeda, NW Lithuania 55°42´N 21°09´E Klaipėda r province W Lithuania Klaksvig see Klaksvík Klaksvík Dan. Klaksvig. Faroe Islands 62°13´N 06°34´W Klamath California, W USA 41°31´N 124°02´W Klamath Falls Oregon, NW USA 42°14´N 121°47´W Klamath Mountains m California/Oregon, W USA Klamath River j California/Oregon, W USA Klang var. Kelang; prev. Port Swettenham. Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia 03°02´N 101°27´E Klarälven j Norway/ Sweden Klášterec nad Ohří Ger. Klösterle an der Eger. Ústecky Kraj, NW Czech Republic 50°24´N 13°10´E Klatovy Ger. Klattau. Plzeňský Kraj, W Czech Republic 49°24´N 13°16´E Klattau see Klatovy Klausenburg see Cluj-Napoca Klawock Prince of Wales Island, Alaska, USA 55°33´N 133°06´W Klazienaveen Drenthe, NE Netherlands 52°43´N 07°E Kleck see Klyetsk Kłecko Weilkopolskie, C Poland 52°37´N 17°27´E Kleczew Wielkopolskie, C Poland 52°22´N 18°12´E Kleena Kleene British Columbia, SW Canada 51°55´N 124°54´W Klein Aub Hardap, C Namibia 23°48´S 16°39´E Kleine Donau see Mosoni-Duna Kleine Elster j E Germany Kleine Kokel see Târnava Mică Kleine Nete j N Belgium Kleines Ungarisches Tiefland see Little Alföld Klein Karas Karas, S Namibia 27°36´S 18°05´E Kleinkopisch see Copşa Mică Klein-Marien see Väike-Maarja Kleinschlatten see Zlatna Kleinsee Northern Cape, W South Africa 29°43´S 17°03´E Kleinwardein see Kisvárda Kleisoúra Ípeiros, W Greece 39°21´N 20°52´E Klepp Rogaland, S Norway 58°46´N 05°39´E Klerksdorp North-West, N South Africa 26°52´S 26°39´E Kletnya Bryanskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 53°25´N 32°58´E Kletsk see Klyetsk Kleve Eng. Cleves, Fr. Clèves; prev. Cleve. NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 51°47´N 06°11´E Kličevo C Montenegro 42°45´N 18°58´E Klichaw Rus. Klichev. Mahilyowskaya Voblasts’, E Belarus 53°29´N 29°21´E Klichev see Klichaw Klimavichy Rus. Klimovichi. Mahilyowskaya Voblasts’, E Belarus 53°37´N 31°58´E Kliment Shumen, NE Bulgaria 43°37´N 27°00´E Klimovichi see Klimavichy Klimpfjäll Västerbotten, N Sweden 65°05´N 14°50´E Klin Moskovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 56°19´N 36°45´E Klina see Klinë Klinë Serb. Klina. W Kosovo 42°38´N 20°35´E Klínovec Ger. Keilberg. l NW Czech Republic 50°23´N 12°57´E Klintehamn Gotland, SE Sweden 57°22´N 18°15´E Klintsovka Saratovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 51°42´N 49°17´E Klintsy Bryanskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 52°46´N 32°21´E Klippan Skåne, S Sweden 56°08´N 13°10´E Klippen Västerbotten, N Sweden 65°50´N 15°07´E Klírou W Cyprus 35°01´N 33°11´E Klisura Plovdiv, C Bulgaria 42°40´N 24°28´E Klitmøller Midtjylland, NW Denmark 57°01´N 08°29´E Ključ Federacija Bosne I Hercegovine, NW Bosnia and Herzegovina 44°32´N 16°46´E Kłobuck Śląskie, S Poland 50°56´N 18°55´E Kłodawa Wielkopolskie, C Poland 52°14´N 18°55´E

111 G16 Kłodzko Ger. Glatz. Dolnośląskie, SW Poland 50°27´N 16°37´E 95 I14 Kløfta Akershus, S Norway 60°04´N 11°06´E 112 P12 Klokočevac Serbia, E Serbia 44°19´N 22°11´E 118 G3 Klooga Ger. Lodensee. Harjumaa, NW Estonia 59°18´N 24°10´E

99 F15 Kloosterzande Zeeland, SW Netherlands 51°22´N 04°01´E

113 L19 Klos var. Klosi. Dibër, C Albania 41°30´N 20°07´E Klosi see Klos Klösterle an der Eger see Klášterec nad Ohří 109 X3 Klosterneuburg Niederösterreich, NE Austria 108 108 108 100 12 101 10 111

39 118

127 84 127 119 147

48°19´N 16°20´E J9 Klosters Graubünden, SE Switzerland 46°54´N 09°52´E G7 Kloten Zürich, N Switzerland 47°27´N 08°35´E G7 Kloten k (Zürich) Zürich, N Switzerland 47°25´N 08°36´E K12 Klötze Sachsen-Anhalt, C Germany 52°37´N 11°09´E K3 Klotz, Lac c Québec, NE Canada O15 Klotzsche k (Dresden) Sachsen, E Germany 51°06´N 13°44´E H7 Kluane Lake c Yukon, W Canada Kluang see Keluang I14 Kluczbork Ger. Kreuzburg, Kreuzburg in Oberschlesien. Opolskie, S Poland 50°59´N 18°13´E W12 Klukwan Alaska, USA 59°24´N 135°49´W Klyastitsy see Klyastsitsy L11 Klyastsitsy Rus. Klyastitsy. Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’, N Belarus 55°53´N 28°36´E T5 Klyavlino Samarskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 54°21´N 52°12´E K9 Klyaz’in j W Russian Federation N3 Klyaz’ma j W Russian Federation J17 Klyetsk Pol. Kleck, Rus. Kletsk. Minskaya Voblasts’, SW Belarus 53°04´N 26°38´E S8 Klyuchevka Talasskaya Oblast’, NW Kyrgyzstan 42°34´N 71°45´E

123 V10 Klyuchevskaya Sopka, Vulkan i E Russian Federation 56°03´N 160°38´E 95 D17 Knaben Vest-Agder, S Norway 58°46´N 07°04´E 95 K21 Knäred Halland, S Sweden 56°30´N 13°21´E

144 I10 Kobda prev. Khobda, Novoalekseyevka. Aktyubinsk, W Kazakhstan 50°09´N 55°39´E

144 H9 Kobda Kaz. Ülkenqobda; prev. Bol’shaya Khobda. j Kazakhstan/Russian Federation Kobdo see Hovd 164 I13 Kōbe Hyōgo, Honshū, SW Japan 34°40´N 135°10´E Kobelyaki see Kobelyaky 117 T6 Kobelyaky Rus. Kobelyaki. Poltavs’ka Oblast’, NE Ukraine 95 J22

76 K10 171 T13 101 F17

108 F6 171 V15 119 G19 39 O7 39 O7 137 Q10

123 P10 136 E11 113 P18 112 K12 109 U12 153 T12 122 M9 101 I20 125 T13 164 G14 164 G14

97 M16 Knaresborough N England, United Kingdom 114 25 28 10 39 97 35 112 25 109 95 113 27 99 95 115 25 194 31 29 18 189 10

25 195 31 23 30 29 21

54°01´N 01°35´W H8 Knezha Vratsa, NW Bulgaria 43°29´N 24°04´E O9 Knickerbocker Texas, SW USA 31°18´N 100°35´W K5 Knife River j North Dakota, N USA K16 Knight Inlet inlet British Columbia, W Canada S12 Knight Island island Alaska, USA K20 Knighton E Wales, United Kingdom 52°20´N 03°01´W O7 Knights Landing California, W USA 38°47´N 121°43´W E13 Knin Šibenik-Knin, S Croatia 44°03´N 16°12´E Q12 Knippal Texas, SW USA U7 Knittelfeld Steiermark, C Austria 47°14´N 14°50´E O15 Knivsta Uppsala, C Sweden 59°43´N 17°49´E P14 Knjaževac Serbia, E Serbia 43°34´N 22°16´E S4 Knob Noster Missouri, C USA 38°47´N 93°33´W D15 Knokke-Heist WestVlaanderen, NW Belgium 51°21´N 03°19´E H20 Knøsen hill N Denmark Knosós see Knossos J25 Knossos Gk. Knosós. prehistoric site Kríti, Greece, E Mediterranean Sea N7 Knott Texas, SW USA 32°21´N 101°35´W K5 Knowles, Cape headland Antarctica 71°45´S 60°20´W O11 Knox Indiana, N USA 41°17´N 86°37´W O3 Knox North Dakota, N USA 48°19´N 99°43´W C13 Knox Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°13´N 79°33´W X8 Knox Atoll var. Ņadikdik, Narikrik. atoll Ratak Chain, SE Marshall Islands H13 Knox, Cape headland Graham Island, British Columbia, SW Canada 54°05´N 133°02´W P5 Knox City Texas, SW USA 33°25´N 99°49´W Y11 Knox Coast physical region Antarctica T12 Knox Lake d Ohio, N USA T5 Knoxville Georgia, SE USA 32°44´N 83°58´W K12 Knoxville Illinois, N USA 40°54´N 90°16´W W15 Knoxville Iowa, C USA 41°19´N 93°06´W N9 Knoxville Tennessee, S USA 35°58´N 83°55´W

197 P11 Knud Rasmussen Land physical region N Greenland Knüll see Knüllgebirge 101 I16 Knüllgebirge var. Knüll. m C Germany 124 I5 Knyazhegubskoye Vodokhranilishche c NW Russian Federation Knyazhevo see Sredishte Knyazhitsy see Knyazhytsy 119 O15 Knyazhytsy Rus. Knyazhitsy. Mahilyowskaya Voblasts’, E Belarus 54°10´N 30°28´E 83 G26 Knysna Western Cape, SW South Africa 34°03´S 23°03´E Koartac see Quaqtaq 169 N13 Koba Pulau Bangka, W Indonesia 02°30´S 106°26´E Kobanî see ‘Ayn al ‘Arab 164 D16 Kobayashi var. Kobayasi. Miyazaki, Kyūshū, SW Japan 32°00´N 130°58´E Kobayasi see Kobayashi

Country Country Capital

147 V8 125 V5 127 P15 115 I17 110 O13 81 J19 155 K24 39 Q14 39 Q14 154 B12 124 M9 122 M12 80 F12 117 N8 99 B17

99 J17 83 E21

36 I14 171 Y15 147 P13

147 P14 114 M11 115 J25 121 P3 109 V8 77 Q17 164 H12 164 M13 81 F22

13 P6

49°10´N 34°13´E København Eng. Copenhagen; anc. Hafnia. a (Denmark) Sjælland, København, E Denmark 55°43´N 12°34´E Kobenni Hodh el Gharbi, S Mauritania 15°58´N 09°24´W Kobi Pulau Seram, E Indonesia 02°56´S 129°53´E Koblenz prev. Coblenz, Fr. Coblence; anc. Confluentes. Rheinland-Pfalz, W Germany 50°21´N 07°36´E Koblenz Aargau, N Switzerland 47°34´N 08°16´E Kobrin see Kobryn Kobroor, Pulau island Kepulauan Aru, E Indonesia Kobryn Rus. Kobrin. Brestskaya Voblasts’, SW Belarus 52°13´N 24°21´E Kobuk Alaska, USA 66°54´N 156°52´W Kobuk River j Alaska, USA Kobuleti prev. K’obulet’i. W Georgia 41°47´N 41°47´E K’obulet’i see Kobuleti Kobyay Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 63°36´N 126°33´E Kocaeli r province NW Turkey Kočani NE  FYR Macedonia 41°55´N 22°25´E Koceljevo Serbia, W Serbia 44°28´N 19°49´E Kočevje Ger. Gottschee. S Slovenia 45°41´N 14°48´E Koch Bihār West Bengal, NE India 26°19´N 89°26´E Kochchi see Cochin/Kochi Kochechum j N Russian Federation Kocher j SW Germany Kochevo Komi-Permyatskiy Okrug, NW Russian Federation 59°37´N 54°16´E Kōchi var. Kôti. Kōchi, Shikoku, SW Japan 33°31´N 133°30´E Kōchi off. Kōchi-ken, var. Kôti. r prefecture Shikoku, SW Japan Kōchi-ken see Kōchi Kochiu see Gejiu Kochkor see Kochkorka Kochkorka Kir. Kochkor. Narynskaya Oblast’, C Kyrgyzstan 42°09´N 75°42´E Kochmes Respublika Komi, NW Russian Federation 66°10´N 60°46´E Kochubey Respublika Dagestan, SW Russian Federation 44°25´N 46°33´E Kochýlas l Skńyros, Vóreies Sporádes, Greece, Aegean Sea 38°50´N 24°35´E Kock Lubelskie, E Poland 51°39´N 22°26´E Kodacho spring/well S Kenya 01°52´S 39°22´E Koddiyar Bay bay NE Sri Lanka Kodiak Kodiak Island, Alaska, USA 57°47´N 152°24´W Kodiak Island island Alaska, USA Kodīnār Gujarāt, W India 20°44´N 70°46´E Kodino Arkhangel’skaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 63°36´N 39°54´E Kodinsk Krasnoyarskiy Kray, C Russian Federation 58°37´N 99°18´E Kodok Upper Nile, NE South Sudan 09°51´N 32°07´E Kodyma Odes’ka Oblast’, SW Ukraine 48°05´N 29°09´E Koedoes see Kudus Koekelare West-Vlaanderen, W Belgium 51°07´N 02°58´E Koeln see Köln Koepang see Kupang Ko-erh-mu see Golmud Koersel Limburg, NE Belgium 51°04´N 05°17´E Koës Karas, SE Namibia 25°59´S 19°08´E Koetai see Mahakam, Sungai Koetaradja see Banda Aceh Kofa Mountains m Arizona, SW USA Kofarau Papua, E Indonesia 07°29´S 140°28´E Kofarnihon Rus. Kofarnikhon; prev. Ordzhonikidzeabad, Taj. Orjonikidzeobod, Yangi-Bazar. W Tajikistan 38°32´N 68°56´E Kofarnihon Rus. Kafirnigan. j SW Tajikistan Kofarnikhon see Kofarnihon Kofçaz Kırklareli, NW Turkey 41°58´N 27°12´E Kófinas l Kríti, Greece, E Mediterranean Sea 34°58´N 25°03´E Kofínou var. Kophinou. S Cyprus 34°49´N 33°24´E Köflach Steiermark, SE Austria 47°04´N 15°04´E Koforidua SE Ghana 06°01´N 00°12´W Kōfu Tottori, Honshū, SW Japan 35°16´N 133°31´E Kōfu var. Kôhu. Yamanashi, Honshū, S Japan 35°41´N 138°33´E Koga Tabora, C Tanzania 06°08´S 32°20´E Kogălniceanu see Mihail Kogălniceanu Kogaluk j Newfoundland and Labrador, E Canada

Kogaluk, Riviére j Québec, NE Canada 145 V14 Kogaly Kaz. Qoghaly; prev. Kugaly. Almaty, SE Kazakhstan 44°30´N 78°40´E 12 J4

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

122 I10 Kogalym Khanty-Mansiyskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug-Yugra, C Russian Federation 62°13´N 74°34´E

95 J23 Køge Sjælland, E Denmark

55°28´N 12°12´E 95 J23 Køge Bugt bay E Denmark 77 U16 Kogi r state C Nigeria 146 L11 Kogon Rus. Kagan. Buxoro Viloyati, C Uzbekistan 39°47´N 64°29´E Kŏgŭm-do see Geogeum-do Kőhalom see Rupea 149 T6 Kohāt Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, NW Pakistan 33°37´N 71°30´E

142 L10 Kohgīlūyeh va Bowyer Aḩmad off. Ostān-e Kohgīlūyeh va Bowyer Aḩmad, var. Boyer Ahmadī va Kohkīlūyeh. r province SW Iran Kohgīlūyeh va Bowyer Aḩmad, Ostān-e see Kohgīlūyeh va Bowyer Aḩmad 118 G4 Kohila Ger. Koil. Raplamaa, NW Estonia 59°09´N 24°45´E 153 X13 Kohīma state capital Nāgāland, E India

118 J3

165 N11 10 G7 76 J15 118 I4 172 H13 93 O16 80 J13 182 F6 146 M10

25°40´N 94°08´E Koh I Noh see Büyükağrı Dağı Kohsān see Kūhestān Kohtla-Järve Ida-Virumaa, NE Estonia 59°22´N 27°21´E Kôhu see Kōfu Kohyl’nyk see Cogîlnic Koide Niigata, Honshū, C Japan 37°13´N 138°58´E Koidern Yukon, W Canada 61°55´N 140°22´W Koidu E Sierra Leone 08°40´N 11°01´W Koigi Järvamaa, C Estonia 58°51´N 25°45´E Koil see Kohila Koimbani Grande Comore, NW Comoros 11°37´S 43°23´E Koitere c E Finland Koivisto see Primorsk Kŏje-do see Geogeum-do K’ok’a Hāyk’ c C Ethiopia Kokand see Qo‘qon Kokatha South Australia 31°17´S 135°16´E Ko‘kcha Rus. Kokcha. Buxoro Viloyati, C Uzbekistan 40°30´N 64°58´E Kokcha see Ko‘kcha Kokchetav see Kokshetau

93 K18 Kokemäenjoki j SW Finland 171 W14 Kokenau var. Kokonau. Papua, E Indonesia 83 119

93

158 118 77 186 76 39 31

186

145 145 39 39 145 147 145

99 12 83 145 145 145 147

158 149 76 171

155

04°38´S 136°24´E E22 Kokerboom Karas, SE Namibia 28°11´S 19°25´E N14 Kokhanava Rus. Kokhanovo. Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’, NE Belarus 54°28´N 29°59´E Kokhanovichi see Kakhanavichy Kokhanovo see Kokhanava Kök-Janggak see Kok-Yangak K16 Kokkola Swe. Karleby; prev. Swe. Gamlakarleby. Keski-Pohjanmaa, W Finland 63°50´N 23°10´E L3 Kok Kuduk spring/well N China 46°03´N 87°34´E H9 Koknese C Latvia 56°38´N 25°27´E T13 Koko Kebbi, W Nigeria 11°25´N 04°33´E E9 Kokoda Northern, S Papua New Guinea 08°52´S 147°44´E K12 Kokofata Kayes, W Mali 12°48´N 09°56´W N6 Kokolik River j Alaska, USA O13 Kokomo Indiana, N USA 40°29´N 86°07´W Kokonau see Kokenau Koko Nor see Qinghai, China Koko Nor see Qinghai Hu, China H6 Kokopo var. Kopopo; prev. Herbertshöhe. New Britain, E Papua New Guinea 04°18´S 152°17´E Kokpekti see Kokpekty Kokpekti see Kokpekty X10 Kokpekty prev. Kokpekti. Vostochnyy Kazakhstan, E Kazakhstan 48°47´N 82°28´E X11 Kokpekty prev. Kokpekti. j E Kazakhstan P9 Kokrines Alaska, USA 64°58´N 154°42´W P9 Kokrines Hills m Alaska, USA P17 Koksaray Yuzhnyy Kazakhstan, S Kazakhstan 42°34´N 68°06´E X9 Kokshaal-Tau Rus. Khrebet Kakshaal-Too. m China/ Kyrgyzstan P7 Kokshetau Kaz. Kökshetaū; prev. Kokchetav. Kokshetau, N Kazakhstan 53°18´N 69°25´E Kökshetaū see Kokshetau A17 Koksijde West-Vlaanderen, W Belgium 51°07´N 02°40´E M5 Koksoak j Québec, E Canada K24 Kokstad KwaZulu/Natal, E South Africa 30°23´S 29°23´E V14 Koksu Kaz. Rūdnīchnyy. Almaty, SE Kazakhstan 44°39´N 78°57´E W15 Koktal Kaz. Köktal. Almaty, SE Kazakhstan 44°05´N 79°44´E Q12 Koktas j C Kazakhstan Kök-Tash see Këk-Tash Koktokay see Fuyun T9 Kok-Yangak Kir. KökJanggak. Dzhalal-Abadskaya Oblast’, W Kyrgyzstan 41°02´N 73°11´E F9 Kokyar Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, W China 37°41´N 77°15´E O13 Kolāchi var. Kulachi. j SW Pakistan J15 Kolahun N Liberia 08°24´N 10°02´W O14 Kolaka Sulawesi, C Indonesia 04°04´S 121°38´E K’o-la-ma-i see Karamay Kola Peninsula see Kol’skiy Poluostrov H19 Kolār Karnātaka, E India 13°10´N 78°10´E

155 H19 Kolār Gold Fields Karnātaka, E India

12°56´N 78°16´E 92 K11 Kolari Lappi, NW Finland 67°20´N 23°51´E

Administrative Regions International Airport

111 I21 Kolárovo Ger. Gutta; prev. Guta, Hung. Gúta. Nitriansky Kraj, SW Slovakia 47°54´N 18°01´E

113 K16 Kolašin E Montenegro

197 Q15 Kolbeinsey Ridge undersea feature Denmark Strait/Norwegian Sea 69°00´N 17°30´W

Kolberg see Kołobrzeg 95 H15 Kolbotn Akershus, S Norway

126 L3 76 H12 95 G23 79 K20 79 M17 84 F6

118 H3 125 Q3 155 E16 151 K21 93 O16 39 O13 111 E16

190 E12 118 E7 118 E7 153 S16

147 P14

116 K3 155 G20 98 M5 101 E16

110 N9 110 J12 38 B8

110 E7 126 H4 190 E13 125 O14 76 L12 77 N13 186 K8

126 L4 116 J7 76 M13 193 V15 189 U16

113 K21

193 U15 112 C9 122 J11 124 H13 100 M10 146 K8 124 K5 127 T6

62°15´N 10°24´E Kolbuszowa Podkarpackie, SE Poland 50°12´N 22°07´E Kol’chugino Vladimirskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 56°19´N 39°24´E Kolda S Senegal 12°58´N 14°58´W Kolding Syddanmark, C Denmark 55°29´N 09°30´E Kole Kasai-Oriental, SW Dem. Rep. Congo 03°30´S 22°28´E Kole Orientale, N Dem. Rep. Congo 02°08´N 25°25´E Kōle see Kili Island Kölen Nor. Kjølen. m Norway/Sweden Kolepom, Pulau see Yos Sudarso, Pulau Kolga Laht Ger. KolkoWiek. bay N Estonia Kolguyev, Ostrov island NW Russian Federation Kolhāpur Mahārāshtra, SW India 16°42´N 74°13´E Kolhumadulu var. Thaa Atoll. atoll S Maldives Koli var. Kolinkylä. Pohjois-Karjala, E Finland 63°06´N 29°46´E Koliganek Alaska, USA 59°43´N 157°16´W Kolín Ger. Kolin. Střední Čechy, C Czech Republic 50°02´N 15°10´E Kolinkylä see Koli Koliu Île Futuna, W Wallis and Futuna Kolka NW Latvia 57°44´N 22°34´E Kolkasrags prev. Eng. Cape Domesnes. headland NW Latvia 57°45´N 22°35´E Kolkata prev. Calcutta. state capital West Bengal, NE India 22°30´N 88°20´E Kolkhozabad see Kolkhozobod Kolkhozobod Rus. Kolkhozabad; prev. Kaganovichabad, Tugalan. SW Tajikistan 37°33´N 68°34´E Kolki/Kołki see Kolky Kolko-Wiek see Kolga Laht Kolky Pol. Kołki, Rus. Kolki. Volyns’ka Oblast’, NW Ukraine 51°05´N 25°40´E Kollegāl Karnātaka, W India 12°08´N 77°06´E Kollum Fryslân, N Netherlands 53°17´N 06°09´E Kolmar see Colmar Köln var. Koeln, Eng./Fr. Cologne, prev. Cöln; anc. Colonia Agrippina, Oppidum Ubiorum. NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 50°57´N 06°57´E Kolno Podlaskie, NE Poland 53°24´N 21°57´E Koło Wielkopolskie, C Poland 52°11´N 18°39´E Kōloa var. Koloa. Kaua‘i, Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 21°54´N 159°28´W Koloa see Kōloa Kołobrzeg Ger. Kolberg. Zachodnio-pomorskie, NW Poland 54°11´N 15°34´E Kolodnya Smolenskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 54°57´N 32°22´E Kolofau, Mont i Île Alofi, S Wallis and Futuna 14°21´S 178°02´W Kologriv Kostromskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 58°49´N 44°22´E Kolokani Koulikoro, W Mali 13°35´N 08°01´W Koloko W Burkina Faso 11°06´N 05°18´W Kolombangara var. Kilimbangara, Nduke. island New Georgia Islands, NW Solomon Islands Kolomea see Kolomyya Kolomna Moskovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 55°03´N 38°52´E Kolomyya Ger. Kolomea. Ivano-Frankivs’ka Oblast’, W Ukraine 48°31´N 25°00´E Kolondiéba Sikasso, SW Mali 11°04´N 06°55´W Kolonga Tongatapu, S Tonga 21°07´S 175°05´W Kolonia var. Colonia. Pohnpei, E Micronesia 06°57´N 158°12´E Kolonja see Kolonjë Kolonjë var. Kolonja. Fier, C Albania 40°49´N 19°37´E Kolonjë see Ersekë Kolosjoki see Nikel’ Kolotambu see Avuavu Kolovai Tongatapu, S Tonga 21°05´S 175°20´W Kolozsvár see Cluj-Napoca Kolpa Ger. Kulpa, SCr. Kupa. j Croatia/Slovenia Kolpashevo Tomskaya Oblast’, C Russian Federation 58°21´N 82°44´E Kolpino Leningradskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 59°44´N 30°39´E Kölpinsee c NE Germany Kólpos Mórfu see Güzelyurt Ko‘lquduq Rus. Kulkuduk. Navoiy Viloyati, N Uzbekistan 42°36´N 63°24´E Kol’skiy Poluostrov Eng. Kola Peninsula. peninsula NW Russian Federation

Koltubanovskiy Orenburgskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation

79 M24 Kolwezi Katanga, S Dem. Rep. Congo 10°43´S 25°29´E 123 S7 Kolyma j NE Russian Federation Kolyma Lowland see Kolymskaya Nizmennost’ Kolyma Range/Kolymskiy, Khrebet see Kolymskoye Nagor’ye 123 S7 Kolymskaya Nizmennost’ Eng. Kolyma Lowland. lowlands NE Russian Federation 123 S7 Kolymskoye Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 68°42´N 158°46´E 123 U8 Kolymskoye Nagor’ye var. Khrebet Kolymskiy, Eng. Kolyma Range. m E Russian Federation 123 V5 Kolyuchinskaya Guba bay NE Russian Federation Kol’zhat see Kalzhat 114 G8 Kom l NW Bulgaria 43°10´N 23°02´E

144 K10 127 Q8

145 P10 124 K16

143 V15

27 O11 122 H10 154 L13 14 K10

80 I13 Koma Oromīya, C Ethiopia

180 J13

77 X12 Komadugu Gana j NE Nigeria 164 M13 Komagane Nagano, Honshū, S Japan 35°44´N 137°54´E 79 P17 Komanda Orientale, NE Dem. Rep. Congo

81 H21

08°19´N 36°48´E

01°25´N 29°43´E

197 U1 Komandorskaya Basin var. Kamchatka Basin. undersea feature SW Bering Sea 57°00´N 168°00´E

125 Pp9 Komandorskiye Ostrova Eng. Commander Islands. island group E Russian Federation Kománfalva see Comăneşti 111 I22 Komárno Ger. Komorn, Hung. Komárom. Nitriansky Kraj, SW Slovakia 47°46´N 18°07´E 111 I22 Komárom KomáromEsztergom, NW Hungary 47°43´N 18°06´E Komárom see Komárno

111 I22 Komárom-Esztergom off. Komárom-Esztergom Megye. r county N Hungary KomáromEsztergom Megye see Komárom-Esztergom 164 K11 Komatsu var. Komatu. Ishikawa, Honshū, SW Japan 83 D17

77 P13 188 E10 81 F20 117 P10

36°25´N 136°27´E Komatu see Komatsu Kombat Otjozondjupa, N Namibia 19°42´S 17°45´E Kombissiguiri see Kombissiri Kombissiri var. Kombissiguiri. C Burkina Faso 12°01´N 01°27´W Komebail Lagoon lagoon N Palau Kome Island island N Tanzania Komeyo see Wandai Kominternivs’ke Odes’ka Oblast’, SW Ukraine 46°52´N 30°56´E

Komi, Respublika r autonomous republic NW Russian Federation 111 I25 Komló Baranya, SW Hungary 125 R8

46°11´N 18°15´E

186 B7 170 M16 77 N15 75 X11 79 F20 171 Y16 171 Y16

114 K13

113 K16 117 R8

144 G12 125 W4

122 K14 144 F13

147 Q12 124 M16 117 S6 146 M11

53°00´N 52°00´E

112 L11 Kolubara j C Serbia Kolupchii see Gurkovo 110 K13 Koluszki Łódźskie, C Poland 51°44´N 19°50´E

Mountain Mountain Range

123 S13 Komsomol’sk-na-Amure Khabarovskiy Kray, SE Russian Federation

64°47´N 11°22´E

42°49´N 19°32´E Kolāyat see Shir Kolāyat 95 N15 Kolbäck Västmanland, C Sweden 59°33´N 16°15´E Kolbcha see Kowbcha

111 N16

Kolva j NW Russian Federation 93 E14 Kolvereid NordTrøndelag, W Norway 125 T6

Volcano River

Kommunarsk see Alchevs’k Kommunizm, Qullai see Ismoili Somoní, Qullai Komo Hela, W Papua New Guinea 06°06´S 142°52´E Komodo, Pulau island Nusa Tenggara, S Indonesia Komoé var. Komoé Fleuve. j E Ivory Coast Komoé Fleuve see Komoé Kom Ombo var. Kôm Ombo, Kawm Umbū. SE Egypt 24°26´N 32°57´E Komono Lékoumou, SW Congo 03°15´S 13°14´E Komoran Papua, E Indonesia 08°14´S 138°51´E Komoran, Pulau island E Indonesia Komorn see Komárno Komornok see Comorâşte Komosolabad see Komsomolobod Komotau see Chomutov Komotiní var. Gümüljina, Turk. Gümülcine. Anatolikí Makedonía kai Thráki, NE Greece 41°07´N 25°27´E Komovi m E Montenegro Kompaniyivka Kirovohrads’ka Oblast’, C Ukraine 48°16´N 32°12´E Kompong see Kâmpóng Chhnăng Kompong Cham see Kâmpóng Cham Kompong Kleang see Kâmpóng Khleăng Kompong Som see Sihanoukville Kompong Speu see Kâmpóng Spoe Komrat see Comrat Komsomol prev. Komsomol’skiy. Atyrau, W Kazakhstan 47°18´N 53°37´E Komsomol prev. Komsomol’skiy. Respublika Komi, NW Russian Federation 67°33´N 64°00´E Komsomolets, Ostrov island Severnaya Zemlya, N Russian Federation Komsomolets, Zaliv lake gulf SW Kazakhstan Komsomol/Komsomolets see Karabalyk, Kostanay, Kazakhstan Komsomolobod Rus. Komosolabad. C Tajikistan 38°51´N 69°54´E Komsomol’sk Ivanovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 56°58´N 40°15´E Komsomol’s’k Poltavs’ka Oblast’, C Ukraine 49°01´N 33°37´E Komsomol’sk Navoiy Viloyati, N Uzbekistan 40°14´N 65°10´E Komsomol’skiy see Komsomol Komsomol’skiy see Komsomol

Lake Reservoir

127 P6 114 N10 171 Z16 124 J10

155 J17

187 P16 146 E13 146 G8

77 N15 39 S5 197 O14 197 P13 197 N13 197 Q12 197 N15 167 P13 92 P2 81 G14 83 G16 79 N21 81 F14 197 Q14 77 P12 95 G15 92 Q2 95 I14 167 T11 158 E8 81 I22

147 R11 111 K15

101 K23 101 O24 109 S8 109 U3 101 E17 146 M11 110 I12

113 L24

115 C15 108 D8 113 H14 92 J10 155 D14 83 D22 76 I14

50°32´N 136°59´E Komsomol’sk-na-Ustyurte see Kubla-Ustyurt Komsomol’skoye Aktyubinsk, NW Kazakhstan Komsomol’skoye Saratovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 50°45´N 47°00´E Kon j C Kazakhstan Kona see Kailua-Kona Konakovo Tverskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 56°42´N 36°44´E Konar see Kunar Konārak Sīstān va Balūchestān, SE Iran 25°26´N 60°23´E Konarhā see Kunar Konawa Oklahoma, C USA 34°57´N 96°45´W Konda j C Russian Federation Kondagaon Chhattīsgarh, C India 19°38´N 81°41´E Kondiaronk, Lac c Québec, SE Canada Kondinin Western Australia 32°31´S 118°15´E Kondoa Dodoma, C Tanzania 04°54´S 35°46´E Kondol’ Penzenskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 52°49´N 45°03´E Kondolovo Burgas, E Bulgaria 42°07´N 27°43´E Kondomirat Papua, E Indonesia 08°57´S 140°55´E Kondopoga Respublika Kareliya, NW Russian Federation 62°13´N 34°17´E Kondoz see Kunduz Kondukūr var. Kandukur. Andhra Pradesh, E India 15°17´N 79°49´E Kondūz see Kunduz Koné Province Nord, W New Caledonia 21°04´S 164°51´E Könekesir Balkan Welaýaty, W Turkmenistan 38°16´N 56°51´E Köneürgenç var. Köneürgench, Rus. Këneurgench; prev. Kunya-Urgench. Dașoguz Welaýaty, N Turkmenistan 42°21´N 59°09´E Kong N Ivory Coast 09°10´N 04°33´W Kongakut River j Alaska, USA Kong Christian IX Land Eng. King Christian IX Land. physical region SE Greenland Kong Christian X Land Eng. King Christian X Land. physical region E Greenland Kong Frederik IX Land physical region SW Greenland Kong Frederik VIII Land Eng. King Frederik VIII Land. physical region NE Greenland Kong Frederik VI Kyst Eng. King Frederik VI Coast. physical region SE Greenland Kŏng, Kaôh prev. Kas Kong. island SW Cambodia Kong Karls Land Eng. King Charles Islands. island group SE Svalbard Kong Kong j E South Sudan Kongo see Congo (river) Kongola Caprivi, NE Namibia 17°47´S 23°24´E Kongolo Katanga, E Dem. Rep. Congo 05°20´S 26°58´E Kongor Jonglei, E South Sudan 07°09´N 31°44´E Kong Oscar Fjord fjord E Greenland Kongoussi N Burkina Faso 13°19´N 01°31´W Kongsberg Buskerud, S Norway 59°39´N 09°38´E Kongsøya island Kong Karls Land, E Svalbard Kongsvinger Hedmark, S Norway 60°10´N 12°00´E Kongtong see Pingliang Kông, Tônlé var. Xê Kong. j Cambodia/Laos Kongur Shan l NW China 38°39´N 75°21´E Kongwa Dodoma, C Tanzania 06°13´S 36°28´E Kong, Xê see Kông, Tônlé Konia see Konya Konibodom Rus. Kanibadam. N Tajikistan 40°16´N 70°20´E Koniecpol nad Pilicą Śląskie, S Poland 50°47´N 19°45´E Konieh see Konya Königgrätz see Hradec Králové Königinhof an der Elbe see Dvůr Králové nad Labem Königsbrunn Bayern, S Germany 48°16´N 10°52´E Königssee c SE Germany Königshütte see Chorzów Königstuhl l S Austria 46°57´N 13°47´E Königswiesen Oberösterreich, N Austria 48°25´N 14°48´E Königswinter NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 50°40´N 07°12´E Konimex Rus. Kenimekh. Navoiy Viloyati, N Uzbekistan 40°14´N 65°10´E Konin Ger. Kuhnau. Weilkopolskie, C Poland 52°13´N 18°17´E Koninkrijk der Nederlanden see Netherlands Konispol var. Konispoli. Vlorë, S Albania 39°40´N 20°10´E Konispoli see Konispol Kónitsa Ípeiros, W Greece 40°04´N 20°48´E Konitz see Chojnice Köniz Bern, W Switzerland 46°56´N 07°25´E Konjic r  Federacija Bosne I Hercegovine, S Bosnia and Herzegovina Könkämäälven j Finland/ Sweden Konkan plain W India Konkiep j S Namibia Konkouré j W Guinea

Konna – Krasnolesnyy 77 O11 Konna Mopti, S Mali

81 M14 K’orahē Sumalē, E Ethiopia

186 H6 Konogaiang, Mount l New Ireland, NE Papua New Guinea 04°05´S 152°43´E 186 H5 Konogogo New Ireland, NE Papua New Guinea

115 L16 Kórakas, Akrotírio cape Lésvos, E Greece 112 D9 Korana j C Croatia 155 L14 Korāput Odisha, E India

14°58´N 03°49´W

03°25´S 152°09´E

Konolfingen Bern, W Switzerland 46°53´N 07°36´E 77 P16 Konongo C Ghana 108 E9

06°36´N 44°21´E

167 Q9

06°39´N 01°06´W

186 H5 Konos New Ireland, NE Papua New Guinea 03°09´S 151°47´E

124 M12 Konosha Arkhangel’skaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 60°58´N 40°09´E 117 R3 Konotop Sums’ka Oblast’, NE Ukraine 51°15´N 33°14´E 158 L7 Konqi He j NW China 111 L14 Końskie Śiętokrzyskie, C Poland 51°12´N 20°23´E Konstantinovka see Kostyantynivka 126 M11 Konstantinovsk Rostovskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation

154 L11 101 H15 113 M21

113 M21 113 G15 113 F15

47°37´N 41°07´E

101 H24 Konstanz var. Constanz, Eng. Constance, hist. Kostnitz; anc. Constantia. BadenWürttemberg, S Germany

113 F15 145 T6

47°40´N 09°10´E

Konstanza see Constana 77 T14 Kontagora Niger, W Nigeria 78 99 93 93 167

136 136 151 145 145 81 98 182 31 171 183 118 33

11

83 113 92

10°25´N 05°29´E E13 Kontcha Nord, N Cameroon 08°00´N 12°13´E G17 Kontich Antwerpen, N Belgium 51°08´N 04°27´E O16 Kontiolahti Pohjois-Karjala, SE Finland 62°46´N 29°51´E M15 Kontiomäki Kainuu, C Finland 64°20´N 28°09´E U11 Kon Tum var. Kontum. Kon Tum, C Vietnam 14°23´N 108°00´E Kontum see Kon Tum Konur see Sulakyurt H15 Konya var. Konieh, prev. Konia; anc. Iconium. Konya, C Turkey 37°51´N 32°30´E H15 Konya var. Konia, Konieh. r province C Turkey E15 Konya Reservoir prev. Shivāji Sāgar. d W India T13 Konyrat var. Kounradskiy, Kaz. Qongyrat. Karaganda, SE Kazakhstan 46°57´N 75°01´E W15 Konyrolen Almaty, SE Kazakhstan 44°16´N 79°18´E I19 Konza Kajiado, S Kenya 01°44´S 37°07´E I9 Koog aan den Zaan NoordHolland, C Netherlands 52°28´N 04°49´E E7 Koonibba South Australia 31°55´S 133°23´E O11 Koontz Lake Indiana, N USA 41°25´N 86°24´W U12 Koor Papua Barat, E Indonesia 0°21´S 132°28´E R9 Koorawatha New South Wales, SE Australia 34°03´S 148°33´E J5 Koosa Tartumaa, E Estonia 58°31´N 27°06´E N7 Kootenai var. Kootenay. j Canada/USA see also Kootenay Kootenai see Kootenay P17 Kootenay var. Kootenai. j Canada/USA see also Kootenai Kootenay see Kootenai F24 Kootjieskolk Northern Cape, W South Africa 31°16´S 20°21´E M15 Kopaonik m S Serbia Kopar see Koper K1 Kópasker Norðurland Eystra, N Iceland 66°15´N 16°23´W

92 H4 Kópavogur Höfuðborgarsvæðið, W Iceland 64°06´N 21°47´W 145 U13 Kopbirlik prev. Kīrov, Kirova. Almaty, SE Kazakhstan 46°24´N 77°16´E 109 S13 Koper It. Capodistria; prev. Kopar. SW Slovenia 45°32´N 13°43´E

95 C16 Kopervik Rogaland, S Norway 59°17´N 05°20´E Köpetdag Gershi/ Kopetdag, Khrebet see Koppeh Dāgh Kophinou see Kofínou 182 G8 Kopi South Australia 153 95 113

94 143

95 114 112

112

111

33°24´S 135°40´E W12 Kopili j NE India M15 Köping Västmanland, C Sweden 59°31´N 16°00´E K17 Koplik var. Kopliku. Shkodër, NW Albania 42°12´N 19°26´E Kopliku see Koplik Kopopo see Kokopo I11 Koppang Hedmark, S Norway 61°34´N 11°04´E Kopparberg see Dalarna S3 Koppeh Dāgh Rus. Khrebet Kopetdag, Turkm. Köpetdag Gershi. m Iran/Turkmenistan Koppename see Coppename Rivier J15 Koppom Värmland, C Sweden 59°42´N 12°07´E Kopreinitz see Koprivnica K9 Koprinka, Yazovir prev. Yazovir Georgi Dimitrov. d C Bulgaria F7 Koprivnica Ger. Kopreinitz, Hung. Kaproncza. Koprivnica-Križevci, N Croatia 46°10´N 16°49´E F8 Koprivnica-Križevci off. Koprivničko-Križevačka Županija. r province N Croatia I17 Kopřivnice Ger. Nesselsdorf. Moravskoslezský Kraj, E Czech Republic 49°36´N 18°09´E

KoprivničkoKriževačka Županija see Koprivnica-Križevci Köprülü see Veles Koptsevichi see Kaptsevichy Kopyl’ see Kapyl’ 119 O14 Kopys’ Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’, NE Belarus 54°19´N 30°18´E 113 M18 Korab l Albania/ FYR Macedonia 41°48´N 20°33´E

Korabavur Pastligi see Karabaur’, Uval 124 M5 Korabel’noye Murmanskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 67°00´N 41°10´E

142 J5

143 P4 163 V13

110 I9

18°48´N 82°41´E Korat see Nakhon Ratchasima Korat Plateau plateau E Thailand Kōrāwa, Sar-I see Kirdī Kawrāw, Qimmat Korba Chhattīsgarh, C India 22°25´N 82°43´E Korbach Hessen, C Germany 51°16´N 08°52´E Korça see Korçë Korçë var. Korça, Gk. Korytsa, It. Corriza; prev. Koritsa. Korçë, SE Albania 40°38´N 20°47´E Korçë r district SE Albania Korčula It. Curzola. Dubrovnik-Neretva, S Croatia 42°57´N 17°08´E Korčula It. Curzola; anc. Corcyra Nigra. island S Croatia Korčulanski Kanal channel S Croatia Korday prev. Georgiyevka. Zhambyl, SE Kazakhstan 43°03´N 74°43´E Kordestān off. Ostān-e Kordestān, var. Kurdestan. r province W Iran Kordestān, Ostān-e see Kordestān Kord Kūy var. Kurd Kui. Golestán, N Iran 36°49´N 54°05´E Korea Bay bay China/North Korea

Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of see North Korea 171 T15 Koreare Pulau Yamdena, E Indonesia 07°33´S 131°13´E Korea, Republic of see South Korea 163 Z17 Korea Strait Jap. Chōsenkaikyō, Kor. Taehan-haehyŏp. channel Japan/South Korea Korelichi/Korelicze see Karelichy 80 J11 Korem Tigrai, N Ethiopia 12°32´N 39°29´E

117 R2 115 H19 188 C8

111 L23 187 Y14 117 N3

117 N4

125 V3 122 J9

78 I8 39 N16 187 X14 93 M17 92 K12 123 T13

93 J16 95 I23 117 P6

77 U11 Korén Adoua j C Niger 126 I7 Korenevo Kurskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation

116

194 145

145 92 147 76

45°28´N 39°25´E L4 Korets’ Pol. Korzec, Rus. Korets. Rivnens’ka Oblast’, NW Ukraine 50°38´N 27°12´E Korets see Korets’ L7 Korff Ice Rise ice cap Antarctica Q10 Korgalzhyn var. Kurgal’dzhino, Kurgal’dzhinsky, Kaz. Qorghalzhyn. Akmola, C Kazakhstan 50°33´N 69°58´E W15 Korgas ; prev. Khorgos. Almaty, SE Kazakhstan 44°13´N 80°22´E G13 Korgen Troms, N Norway 66°04´N 13°51´E R9 Korgon-Dëbë DzhalalAbadskaya Oblast’, W Kyrgyzstan 41°51´N 70°52´E M14 Korhogo N Ivory Coast 09°29´N 05°39´W

115 F19 Korinthiakós Kólpos Eng. Gulf of Corinth; anc. Corinthiacus Sinus. gulf C Greece 115 F19 Kórinthos anc. Corinthus Eng. Corinth. Pelopónnisos, S Greece 37°56´N 22°55´E 113 M18 Koritnik l S Serbia

95 I17 77 O11 1873 186 B7 126 K8 136 H12 183 V6 81 J21 182 L13 187 X15 190 I17 171 Q8 114 G13 115 E22

Korneuburg Niederösterreich, NE Austria 48°22´N 16°20´E Korneyevka Severnyy Kazakhstan, N Kazakhstan 54°01´N 68°30´E Kornsjø Østfold, S Norway 58°55´N 11°40´E Koro Mopti, S Mali 14°05´N 03°06´W Y14 Koro island C Fiji Koroba Hela, W Papua New Guinea 05°46´S 142°48´E Korocha Belgorodskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 50°49´N 37°08´E Köroğlu Dağları m C Turkey Korogoro Point headland New South Wales, SE Australia 31°03´S 153°04´E Korogwe Tanga, E Tanzania 05°10´S 38°30´E Koroit Victoria, SE Australia 38°17´S 142°22´E Korolevu Viti Levu, W Fiji 18°12´S 177°44´E Koromiri island S Cook Islands Koronadal Mindanao, S Philippines 06°23´N 124°54´E Koróneia, Límni var. Límni Korónia. c N Greece Koróni Pelopónnisos, S Greece 36°47´N 21°57´E

Country Country Capital

99 99 80 99 121

183

125

117

115 115 125 125 164

47°02´N 16°35´E Kōrmōr Şalāḩ ad Dīn, E Iraq 35°06´N 44°47´E 112 C13 Kornat It. Incoronata. island W Croatia Korneshty see Corneşti

145 P7

99

123

Kormakíti, Akrotíri/ Kormakiti, Cape/ Kormakítis see Koruçam Burnu 111 G23 Körmend Vas, W Hungary

109 X3

99

123

42°06´N 20°34´E Koritsa see Korçë 165 P11 Kōriyama Fukushima, Honshū, C Japan 37°25´N 140°20´E 136 E16 Korkuteli Antalya, SW Turkey 37°07´N 30°11´E 158 K6 Korla Chin. K’u-erh-lo. Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 41°48´N 86°10´E 122 J10 Korliki Khanty-Mansiyskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug-Yugra, C Russian Federation 61°28´N 82°12´E Körlin an der Persante see Karlino Korma see Karma 14 D8 Kormak Ontario, S Canada 47°38´N 83°00´W

53°18´N 17°56´E Korop Chernihivs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 51°35´N 32°57´E Koropí Attikí, C Greece 37°54´N 23°52´E Koror (Palau) Oreor, N Palau 07°21´N 134°28´E Koror see Oreor Koror Lāl Esan see Karor Koror Pacca see Kahror Pakka Körös j E Hungary Kőrös see Križevci Körösbánya see Baia de Criş Koro Sea sea C Fiji Koroška see Kärnten Korosten’ Zhytomyrs’ka Oblast’, NW Ukraine 50°56´N 28°39´E Korostyshev see Korostyshiv Korostyshiv Rus. Korostyshev. Zhytomyrs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 50°18´N 29°05´E Korotaikha j NW Russian Federation Korotchayevo YamaloNenetskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug, N Russian Federation 66°00´N 78°11´E Koro Toro Borkou, N Chad 16°01´N 18°27´E Korovin Island island Shumagin Islands, Alaska, USA Korovou Viti Levu, W Fiji 17°48´S 178°32´E Korpilahti Keski-Suomi, C Finland 62°02´N 25°34´E Korpilombolo Lapp. Dállogilli. Norrbotten, N Sweden 66°51´N 23°00´E Korsakov Ostrov Sakhalin, Sakhalinskaya Oblast’, SE Russian Federation 46°41´N 142°45´E Korsholm Fin. Mustasaari. Österbotten, W Finland 63°05´N 21°43´E Korsør Sjælland, E Denmark 55°19´N 11°09´E Korsovka see Kārsava

Korsun’-Shevchenkivs’kyy Rus. Korsun’Shevchenkovskiy. Cherkas’ka Oblast’, C Ukraine 49°26´N 31°15´E

51°21´N 34°53´E

126 L13 Korenovsk Krasnodarskiy Kray, SW Russian Federation

Korónia, Límni see Koróneia, Límni Koronowo Ger. Krone an der Brahe. Kujawskipomorskie,C Poland

163 119

110 110 22

183

118 25 114 147

164 145 30

164

Korsun’-Shevchenkovskiy see Korsun’-Shevchenkivs’kyy C17 Kortemark WestVlaanderen, W Belgium 51°03´N 03°03´E H18 Kortenberg Vlaams Brabant, C Belgium 50°53´N 04°33´E K18 Kortessem Limburg, NE Belgium 50°52´N 05°22´E E14 Kortgene Zeeland, SW Netherlands 51°34´N 03°48´E F8 Korti Northern, N Sudan 18°06´N 31°33´E C18 Kortrijk Fr. Courtrai. West-Vlaanderen, W Belgium 50°50´N 03°17´E O2 Koruçam Burnu var. Cape Kormakiti, Kormakítis, Gk. Akrotíri Kormakíti. headland N Cyprus 35°24´N 32°55´E O13 Korumburra Victoria, SE Australia 38°27´S 145°48´E Koryak Range see Koryakskoye Nagor’ye Koryakskiy Khrebet see Koryakskoye Nagor’ye V8 Koryakskiy Okrug r autonomous district E Russian Federation V7 Koryakskoye Nagor’ye var. Koryakskiy Khrebet, Eng. Koryak Range. m NE Russian Federation P11 Koryazhma Arkhangel’skaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 61°16´N 47°07´E Kōryō see Gangneung Korytsa see Korçë Q2 Koryukivka Chernihivs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 51°45´N 32°16´E Korzec see Korets’ N21 Kos Kos, Dodekánisa, Greece, Aegean Sea 36°53´N 27°19´E M21 Kos It. Coo; anc. Cos. island Dodekánisa, Greece, Aegean Sea T12 Kosa Komi-Permyatskiy Okrug, NW Russian Federation 59°55´N 54°54´E T13 Kosa j NW Russian Federation B12 Kō-saki headland Nagasaki, Tsushima, SW Japan 34°06´N 129°13´E X13 Kosan SE North Korea 38°50´N 127°26´E H18 Kosava Rus. Kosovo. Brestskaya Voblasts’, SW Belarus 52°45´N 25°16´E Kosch see Kose Koschagyl see Kosshagyl G12 Kościan Ger. Kosten. Wielkopolskie, C Poland 52°05´N 16°38´E I7 Kościerzyna Pomorskie, NW Poland 54°07´N 17°55´E L4 Kosciusko Mississippi, S USA 33°03´N 89°35´W Kosciusko, Mount see Kosciuszko, Mount R11 Kosciuszko, Mount prev. Mount Kosciusko. l New South Wales, SE Australia 36°28´S 148°15´E H4 Kose Ger. Kosch. Harjumaa, NW Estonia 59°11´N 25°10´E U9 Kosse Texas, SW USA 31°16´N 96°38´W G6 Koshava Vidin, NW Bulgaria 44°03´N 23°00´E U9 Kosh-Dëbë var. Koshtebë. Narynskaya Oblast’, C Kyrgyzstan 41°03´N 74°08´E K’o-shih see Kashi B12 Koshikijima-rettō var. Kosikizima Rettô. island group SW Japan W13 Koshkarkol’, Ozero c SE Kazakhstan L9 Koshkonong, Lake c Wisconsin, N USA Koshoba see Goșabo Koshoba see Goşoba M12 Kōshoku var. Kôsyoku. Nagano, Honshū, S Japan 36°33´N 138°09´E

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

Koshtebë see Kosh-Dëbë Kōshū see Enzan Kōshū see Gwangju 111 N19 Košice Ger. Kaschau, Hung. Kassa. Košický Kraj, E Slovakia 48°44´N 21°15´E 111 M20 Košický Kraj r region E Slovakia Kosikizima Rettô see Koshikijima-rettō 153 R12 Kosi Reservoir d E Nepal 116 J8 Kosiv Ivano-Frankivs’ka Oblast’, W Ukraine 48°19´N 25°04´E 145 O11 Koskol’ Kaz. Qosköl. Karaganda, C Kazakhstan 49°32´N 67°08´E 125 Q9 Koslan Respublika Komi, NW Russian Federation 63°27´N 48°52´E Köslin see Koszalin 146 M12 Koson Rus. Kasan. Qashqadaryo Viloyati, S Uzbekistan 39°04´N 65°35´E Kosŏng see Goseong 147 S9 Kosonsoy Rus. Kasansay. Namangan Viloyati, E Uzbekistan 41°15´N 71°28´E 113 M16 Kosovo prev. Autonomous Province of Kosovo and Metohija. b republic SE Europe Kosovo see Kosava

189 X17 189 Y14 109 P6 144 G12

76 M16

144 M7 144 L8

114 H10 80 F10 124 H7

116 K3

124 M15 125 N14 125 N14 110 D11 110 H11 117 X7

125 U6 125 U6 110 F7 111 F22 152 H13

169 U13 168 K12 168 K6

168 M14 149 S10 169 U7 169 U7 92 M12

171 Q11 155 L14

166 N17 169 R13 149 Q13 152 K9 125 Q14

Kosovo and Metohija, Autonomous Province of see Kosovo Kosovo Polje see Fushë Kosovë Kosovska Kamenica see Kamenicë Kosovska Mitrovica see Mitrovicë Kosrae r state E Micronesia Kosrae prev. Kusaie. island Caroline Islands, E Micronesia Kössen Tirol, W Austria 47°40´N 12°24´E Kosshagyl prev. Koschagyl, Kaz. Qosshaghyl. Atyrau, W Kazakhstan 46°52´N 53°46´E Kossou, Lac de c C Ivory Coast Kossukavak see Krumovgrad Kostajnica see Hrvatska Kostanjnica Kostamus see Kostomuksha Kostanay var. Kustanay, Kaz. Qostanay. Kostanay, N Kazakhstan 53°16´N 63°34´E Kostanay var. Kostanayskaya Oblast’, Kaz. Qostanay Oblysy. r province N Kazakhstan Kostanayskaya Oblast’ see Kostanay Kosten see Kościan Kostenets prev. Georgi Dimitrov. Sofia, W Bulgaria 42°15´N 23°48´E Kosti White Nile, C Sudan 13°11´N 32°38´E Kostnitz see Konstanz Kostomuksha Fin. Kostamus. Respublika Kareliya, NW Russian Federation 64°33´N 30°28´E Kostopil’ Rus. Kostopol’. Rivnens’ka Oblast’, NW Ukraine 50°20´N 26°29´E Kostopol’ see Kostopil’ Kostroma Kostromskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 57°46´N 41°E Kostroma j NW Russian Federation Kostromskaya Oblast’ r province NW Russian Federation Kostrzyn Ger. Cüstrin, Küstrin. Lubuskie, W Poland 52°35´N 14°40´E Kostrzyn Wielkopolskie, C Poland 52°23´N 17°13´E Kostyantynivka Rus. Konstantinovka. Donets’ka Oblast’, SE Ukraine  Kostyukovichi see Kastsyukovichy Kostyukovka see Kastsyukowka Kôsyoku see Kōshoku Kos’yu Respublika Komi, NW Russian Federation 65°39´N 59°01´E Kos’yu j NW Russian Federation Koszalin Ger. Köslin. Zachodnio-pomorskie, NW Poland 54°12´N 16°10´E Kőszeg Ger. Güns. Vas, W Hungary 47°23´N 16°33´E Kota prev. Kotah. Rājasthān, N India 25°14´N 75°52´E Kota Baharu see Kota Bharu Kota Bahru see Kota Bharu Kotabaru Pulau Laut, C Indonesia 03°15´S 116°15´E Kota Baru Sumatera, W Indonesia 01°07´S 101°43´E Kotabaru see Jayapura Kota Bharu var. Kota Baharu, Kota Bahru. Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia 06°07´N 102°15´E Kotaboemi see Kotabumi Kotabumi prev. Kotaboemi. Sumatera, W Indonesia 04°50´S 104°54´E Kot Addu Punjab, E Pakistan 30°28´N 70°58´E Kotah see Kota Kota Kinabalu prev. Jesselton. Sabah, East Malaysia 05°59´N 116°04´E Kota Kinabalu k Sabah, East Malaysia 05°59´N 116°04´E Kotala Lappi, N Finland 67°01´N 29°00´E Kotamobagoe see Kotamobagu Kotamobagu prev. Kotamobagoe. Sulawesi, C Indonesia 0°46´N 124°21´E Kotapad var. Kotapārh. Odisha, E India 19°10´N 82°23´E Kotapārh see Kotapad Ko Ta Ru Tao island SW Thailand Kotawaringin, Teluk bay Borneo, C Indonesia Kot Dīji Sind, SE Pakistan 27°16´N 68°44´E Kotdwāra Uttarakhand, N India 29°44´N 78°33´E Kotel’nich Kirovskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 58°19´N 48°12´E

Administrative Regions International Airport

127 N12 Kotel’nikovo Volgogradskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 47°37´N 43°07´E

123 Q6 Kotel’nyy, Ostrov island Novosibirskiye Ostrova, N Russian Federation 117 T5 Kotel’va Poltavs’ka Oblast’, C Ukraine 50°04´N 34°46´E 101 M14 Köthen var. Cöthen. Sachsen-Anhalt, C Germany 51°46´N 11°59´E

Kôti see Kōchi 81 G17 Kotido NE Uganda 03°03´N 34°07´E

93 N19 Kotka Kymenlaakso, S Finland 60°28´N 26°55´E 125 P11 Kotlas Arkhangel’skaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 61°14´N 46°43´E 38 M10 Kotlik Alaska, USA 63°01´N 163°33´W

116 J3

51°14´N 24°43´E 112 M11 Kovin Hung. Kevevára; prev. Temes-Kubin. Vojvodina, NE Serbia 44°45´N 20°59´E Kovno see Kaunas 127 N3 Kovrov Vladimirskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 56°24´N 41°21´E 127 O5 Kovylkino Respublika Mordoviya, W Russian Federation 54°03´N 43°52´E 110 J11 Kowal Kujawsko-pomorskie, C Poland 52°31´N 19°09´E

110 J9

119 M16

77 Q17 Kotoka k (Accra) S Ghana 05°41´N 00°10´W

Kotonu see Cotonou 113 J17 Kotor It. Cattaro. SW Montenegro 112 F7 113 I17 112 H11 112 G11

126 M7 117 O9

119 G16 149 P16 109 Q9 155 K15 155 F21 155 G23 79 K15 193 X15 122 M9 83 M16 39 N7 38 M7

77 R14 79 J15 77 O13 98 K7 115 L25 115 K21

185 F17

42°25´N 18°47´E Kotor see Kotoriba Kotoriba Hung. Kotor. Medimurje, N Croatia 46°20´N 16°47´E Kotorska, Boka It. Bocche di Cattaro. bay SW Montenegro Kotorsko r  Republika Srpska, N Bosnia and Herzegovina Kotor Varoš r  Republika Srpska, N Bosnia and Herzegovina Koto Sho/Kotosho see Lan Yu Kotovsk Tambovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 52°39´N 41°31´E Kotovs’k Rus. Kotovsk. Odes’ka Oblast’, SW Ukraine 47°42´N 29°30´E Kotovsk see Hînceşti Kotra j W Belarus Kotri Sind, SE Pakistan 25°22´N 68°18´E Kötschach Kärnten, S Austria 46°41´N 12°57´E Kottagūdem Telangana, E India 17°36´N 80°40´E Kottappadi Kerala, SW India 11°38´N 76°03´E Kottayam Kerala, SW India 09°34´N 76°31´E Kottbus see Cottbus Kotto j Central African Republic/Dem. Rep. Congo Kotu Group island group W Tonga Koturdepe see Goturdepe Kotuy j N Russian Federation Kotwa Mashonaland East, NE Zimbabwe 16°58´S 32°46´E Kotzebue Alaska, USA 66°54´N 162°36´W Kotzebue Sound inlet Alaska, USA Kotzenan see Chocianów Kotzman see Kitsman’ Kouandé NW Benin 10°20´N 01°42´E Kouango Ouaka, S Central African Republic 05°00´N 20°01´E Koudougou C Burkina Faso 12°15´N 02°23´W Koudum Fryslân, N Netherlands 52°55´N 05°26´E Koufonísi island SE Greece Koufonísi island Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea

38 M8 Kougarok Mountain l Alaska, USA

161 O15 159 N7 136 D16 125 N6 139 T3

151 E15 165 P9

146 M14

39 N9 39 N9 39 O9 39 O9 136 J13 136 K16 115 E14 112 F10

117 P3

117 S6 126 J5 151 F21

124 L9 125 T7 125 T7

65°41´N 165°29´W

79 E21 Kouilou r province SW Congo 79 E20 Kouilou j S Congo 167 Q11 Koŭk Kduŏch prev. Phumĭ Koŭk Kduŏch. Bătdâmbâng, NW Cambodia

125 U6 125 V9

13°16´N 103°08´E

110 N13

34°42´N 32°35´E

109 S13

121 O3 Koúklia SW Cyprus 79 E19 Koulamoutou Ogooué-Lolo, C Gabon 01°07´S 12°27´E 76 L12 Koulikoro Koulikoro, SW Mali 12°55´N 07°31´W 76 L11 Koulikoro r region SW Mali 187 P16 Koumac Province Nord, W New Caledonia

114 H7 127 Q3

20°34´S 164°18´E

165 N12 Koumi Nagano, Honshū, S Japan 36°06´N 138°27´E 78 I13 Koumra Mandoul, S Chad

127 P3

Kounadougou see Koundougou 76 M15 Kounahiri C Ivory Coast

116 J6

08°56´N 17°32´E

07°47´N 05°51´W

76 I12 Koundâra Moyenne-Guinée, NW Guinea 12°28´N 13°15´W 77 N13 Koundougou var. Kounadougou. C Burkina Faso 11°43´N 04°40´W 76 H11 Koungheul C Senegal 25 X10 77 Q13 77 N13 55 Y9 114 J12 76 K14 78 G11

76 M13 76 M14 93 M19 79 G18 112 M10

124 I4

14°00´N 14°48´W Kounradskiy see Konyrat Kountze Texas, SW USA 30°22´N 94°20´W Koupéla C Burkina Faso 12°07´N 00°21´W Kouri Sikasso, SW Mali 12°09´N 04°46´W Kourou N French Guiana 05°08´N 52°37´W Kouroú j NE Greece Kouroussa C Guinea 10°40´N 09°50´W Kousseir see Al Quşayr Kousséri prev. Fort-Foureau. Extrême-Nord, NE Cameroon 12°05´N 14°56´E Kouteifé see Al Quţayfah Koutiala Sikasso, S Mali 12°20´N 05°23´W Kouto NW Ivory Coast 09°51´N 06°25´W Kouvola Kymenlaakso, S Finland 60°50´N 26°48´E Kouyou j C Congo Kovačica Hung. Antafalva; prev. Kovacsicza. Vojvodina, N Serbia 45°08´N 20°36´E Kovacsicza see Kovačica Kővárhosszúfalu see Satulung Kovászna see Covasna Kovdor Murmanskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 67°32´N 30°27´E

Mountain Mountain Range

Volcano River

Kovel’ Pol. Kowel. Volyns’ka Oblast’, NW Ukraine

113 P20 165 N15 117 N5 77 Q16 77 Q16 99 F15 167 N15 167 N13 167 S12 95 G17 112 M13 166 N13 112 D12

111 L16

100 L9 167 Q11

Kowalewo Pomorskie Ger. Schönsee. Kujawskopomorskie, N Poland 53°07´N 18°48´E Kowasna see Covasna Kowbcha Rus. Kolbcha. Mahilyowskaya Voblasts’, E Belarus 53°39´N 29°14´E Koweit see Kuwait Kowel see Kovel’ Kowhitirangi West Coast, South Island, New Zealand 42°54´S 171°01´E Kowloon Hong Kong, S China Kowno see Kaunas Kox Kuduk well NW China Köyceğiz Muğla, SW Turkey 36°57´N 28°40´E Koyda Arkhangel’skaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 66°22´N 42°42´E Koye Ar. Kūysanjaq, var. Koi Sanjaq. Arbīl, N Iraq 36°05´N 44°38´E Koymat see Goymat Koymatdag, Gory see Goymatdag, Gory Koyna Reservoir d W India Koyoshi-gawa j Honshū, C Japan Koi Sanjaq see Koye Koytash see Qo‘ytosh Köýtendag prev. Rus. Charshanga, Charshangy, Turkm. Charshangngy. Lebap Welaýaty, E Turkmenistan 37°31´N 65°58´E Koyuk Alaska, USA 64°55´N 161°09´W Koyuk River j Alaska, USA Koyukuk Alaska, USA 64°52´N 157°42´W Koyukuk River j Alaska, USA Kozaklı Nevşehir, C Turkey 39°12´N 34°48´E Kozan Adana, S Turkey 37°27´N 35°47´E Kozáni Dytikí Makedonía, N Greece 40°19´N 21°48´E Kozara m NW Bosnia and Herzegovina Kozarska Dubica see Bosanska Dubica Kozelets’ Rus. Kozelets. Chernihivs’ka Oblast’, NE Ukraine 50°54´N 31°09´E Kozelets see Kozelets’ Kozel’shchyna Poltavs’ka Oblast’, C Ukraine 49°13´N 33°49´E Kozel’sk Kaluzhskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 54°04´N 35°51´E Kozhikode var. Calicut. Kerala, SW India 11°17´N 75°49´E see also Calicut Kozhimiz, Gora see Kozhymiz, Gora Kozhozero, Ozero c NW Russian Federation Kozhva Respublika Komi, NW Russian Federation 65°06´N 57°00´E Kozhva j NW Russian Federation Kozhym Respublika Komi, NW Russian Federation 65°43´N 59°25´E Kozhymiz, Gora prev. Gora Kozhimiz. l NW Russian Federation 63°13´N 58°54´E Kozienice Mazowieckie, C Poland 51°35´N 21°31´E Kozina SW Slovenia 45°36´N 13°56´E Kozloduy Vratsa, NW Bulgaria 43°48´N 23°42´E Kozlovka Chuvashskaya Respublika, W Russian Federation 55°53´N 48°07´E Kozlovshchina/ Kozlowszczyzna see Kazlowshchyna Koz’modem’yansk Respublika Mariy El, W Russian Federation 56°19´N 46°33´E Kozova Ternopil’s’ka Oblast’, W Ukraine 49°25´N 25°09´E Kožuf m Greece/Macedonia Kōzu-shima island E Japan Koz’yany see Kazyany Kozyatyn Rus. Kazatin. Vinnyts’ka Oblast’, C Ukraine 49°41´N 28°49´E Kpalimé var. Palimé. SW Togo 06°54´N 00°38´E Kpandu E Ghana 07°00´N 00°18´E Krabbendijke Zeeland, SW Netherlands 51°25´N 04°07´E Krabi var. Muang Krabi. Krabi, SW Thailand 08°04´N 98°52´E Kra Buri Ranong, SW Thailand 10°25´N 98°48´E Krâchéh prev. Kratie. Krâchéh, E Cambodia 12°29´N 106°01´E Kragerø Telemark, S Norway 58°54´N 09°25´E Kragujevac Serbia, C Serbia 44°01´N 20°55´E Krainburg see Kranj Kra, Isthmus of isthmus Malaysia/Thailand Krajina cultural region SW Croatia Krakatau, Pulau see Rakata, Pulau Krakau see Kraków Kraków Eng. Cracow, Ger. Krakau; anc. Cracovia. Małopolskie, S Poland 50°03´N 19°58´E Krakower See c NE Germany Krâlănh Siĕmréab, NW Cambodia 13°35´N 103°27´E

Lake Reservoir

45 Q16 Kralendijk q Bonaire 12°07´N 68°13´W

112 B10 Kraljevica It. Porto Re. Primorje-Gorski Kotar, NW Croatia 45°15´N 14°36´E 112 M13 Kraljevo prev. Rankovićevo. Serbia, C Serbia 43°44´N 20°40´E

111 E16 Královehradecký Kraj prev. Hradecký Kraj. r region N Czech Republic Kralup an der Moldau see Kralupy nad Vltavou 111 C16 Kralupy nad Vltavou Ger. Kralup an der Moldau. Středočeský Kraj, NW Czech Republic 50°15´N 14°20´E 117 W7 Kramators’k Rus. Kramatorsk. Donets’ka Oblast’, SE Ukraine 48°43´N 37°34´E

Kramatorsk see Kramators’k 93 H17 Kramfors Västernorrland, C Sweden 62°55´N 17°50´E Kranéa see Kraniá 108 M7 Kranebitten k (Innsbruck) Tirol, W Austria 47°18´N 11°21´E

115 D15 Kraniá var. Kranéa. Dytikí Makedonía, N Greece 39°54´N 21°21´E

115 G20 Kranídi Pelopónnisos, S Greece 37°21´N 23°09´E 109 T11 Kranj Ger. Krainburg. NW Slovenia 46°17´N 14°16´E 115 F16 Krannón battleground Thessalía, C Greece Kranz see Zelenogradsk 112 D7 Krapina Krapina-Zagorje, N Croatia 46°12´N 15°52´E 112 E8 Krapina j N Croatia 112 D8 Krapina-Zagorje off. Krapinsko-Zagorska Županija. r province N Croatia 114 L7 Krapinets j NE Bulgaria Krapinsko-Zagorska Županija see Krapina-Zagorje 111 I15 Krapkowice Ger. Krappitz. Opolskie, SW Poland 50°29´N 17°56´E

Krappitz see Krapkowice 125 O12 Krasavino Vologodskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 60°56´N 46°27´E 122 H6 Krasino Novaya Zemlya, Arkhangel’skaya Oblast’, N Russian Federation 70°45´N 54°16´E

123 S15 Kraskino Primorskiy Kray, SE Russian Federation 42°40´N 130°51´E

118 J11 Krāslava SE Latvia 55°56´N 27°08´E

119 M14 Krasnaluki Rus. Krasnoluki. Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’, N Belarus 54°37´N 28°50´E 119 P17 Krasnapollye Rus. Krasnopol’ye. Mahilyowskaya Voblasts’, E Belarus 53°20´N 31°24´E

126 L15 Krasnaya Polyana Krasnodarskiy Kray, SW Russian Federation 43°40´N 40°13´E

119 J15 111 O14 117 O9 127 P8

123 T6

117 W7

125 P11

126 K14

126 K13 117 Z7

127 T2

126 M13

117 U6

117 S12

123 P14 125 U14 127 U8

117 U5

126 L7

Krasnaya Slabada / Krasnaya Sloboda see Chyrvonaya Slabada Krasnaye Rus. Krasnoye. Minskaya Voblasts’, C Belarus 54°14´N 27°05´E Kraśnik Ger. Kratznick. Lubelskie, E Poland 50°56´N 22°14´E Krasni Okny Odes’ka Oblast’, SW Ukraine 47°33´N 29°28´E Krasnoarmeysk Saratovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 51°02´N 45°42´E Krasnoarmeysk see Tayynsha Krasnoarmeysk see Krasnoarmiys’k/Tayynsha Krasnoarmeyskiy Chukotskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug, NE Russian Federation 69°30´N 171°44´E Krasnoarmiys’k Rus. Krasnoarmeysk. Donets’ka Oblast’, SE Ukraine 48°17´N 37°14´E Krasnoborsk Arkhangel’skaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 61°31´N 45°57´E Krasnodar prev. Ekaterinodar, Yekaterinodar. Krasnodarskiy Kray, SW Russian Federation 45°06´N 39°01´E Krasnodarskiy Kray r territory SW Russian Federation Krasnodon Luhans’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 48°17´N 39°44´E Krasnogor see Kallaste Krasnogorskoye Udmurtskaya Respublika, NW Russian Federation 57°42´N 52°29´E Krasnograd see Krasnohrad Krasnogvardeysk see Bulungh‘ur Krasnogvardeyskoye Stavropol’skiy Kray, SW Russian Federation 45°49´N 41°31´E Krasnogvardeyskoye see Krasnohvardiys’ke Krasnohrad Rus. Krasnograd. Kharkivs’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 49°22´N 35°28´E Krasnohvardiys’ke Rus. Krasnogvardeyskoye. Avtonomna Respublika Krym, S Ukraine 45°30´N 34°19´E Krasnokamensk Zabaykal’skiy Kray, S Russian Federation 50°03´N 118°01´E Krasnokamsk Permskiy Kray, W Russian Federation 58°08´N 55°48´E Krasnokholm Orenburgskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 51°34´N 54°11´E Krasnokuts’k Rus. Krasnokutsk. Kharkivs’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 50°01´N 35°03´E Krasnokutsk see Krasnokuts’k Krasnolesnyy Voronezhskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 51°53´N 39°37´E

273

KrasnoluKi – KupyansK Krasnoluki see Krasnaluki Krasnoosol’skoye Vodokhranilishche see Chervonooskil’s’ke Vodoskhovyshche 117 S11 Krasnoperekops’k Rus. Krasnoperekopsk. Avtonomna Respublika Krym, S Ukraine 45°56´N 33°47´E Krasnoperekopsk see Krasnoperekops’k 117 U4 Krasnopillya Sums’ka Oblast’, NE Ukraine 50°46´N 35°17´E

124 L5

127 O5

127 T2

127 V5

125 U12

146 B10

122 K12 127 X7

122 K11

125 R11 118 D13

126 K3

117 R11 111 P14 126 H4 127 P2

127 Q13

124 K15 127 Q8

117 Y7

117 X6

127 R3

127 P8

127 R13

116 L5 111 O21 113 P17 171 Y13 167 Q13

127 Q15 118 D12 27 P11 101 D15

115 D17

117 S6

274

Krasnopol’ye see Krasnapollye Krasnoshchel’ye Murmanskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 67°22´N 37°03´E Krasnoslobodsk Respublika Mordoviya, W Russian Federation 54°24´N 43°51´E Krasnoslobodsk Volgogradskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 48°41´N 44°34´E Krasnostav see Krasnystaw Krasnousol’skiy Respublika Bashkortostan, W Russian Federation 53°55´N 56°22´E Krasnovishersk Permskiy Kray, NW Russian Federation 60°22´N 57°04´E Krasnovodsk see Türkmenbașy Krasnovodskiy Zaliv see Türkmenbasy Aylagy Krasnovodskoye Plato Turkm. Krasnowodsk Platosy. plateau NW Turkmenistan Krasnowodsk Aylagy see Türkmenbasy Aylagy Krasnowodsk Platosy see Krasnovodskoye Plato Krasnoyarsk Krasnoyarskiy Kray, S Russian Federation 56°05´N 92°46´E Krasnoyarskiy Orenburgskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 51°56´N 59°54´E Krasnoyarskiy Kray r territory C Russian Federation Krasnoye see Krasnaye Krasnoye Znamya see Gyzylbaydak Krasnozatonskiy Respublika Komi, NW Russian Federation 61°39´N 51°00´E Krasnoznamensk prev. Lasdehnen, Ger. Haselberg. Kaliningradskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 54°57´N 22°28´E Krasnoznamensk Moskovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 55°40´N 37°05´E Krasnoznam”yans’kyy Kanal canal S Ukraine Krasnystaw Rus. Krasnostav. Lubelskie, SE Poland 51°N 23°10´E Krasnyy Smolenskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 54°36´N 31°27´E Krasnyye Baki Nizhegorodskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 57°07´N 45°12´E Krasnyye Barrikady Astrakhanskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 46°14´N 47°48´E Krasnyy Kholm Tverskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 58°04´N 37°05´E Krasnyy Kut Saratovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 50°54´N 46°58´E Krasnyy Liman see Krasnyy Lyman Krasnyy Luch prev. Krindachevka. Luhans’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 48°09´N 38°52´E Krasnyy Lyman Rus. Krasnyy Liman. Donets’ka Oblast’, SE Ukraine 49°00´N 37°50´E Krasnyy Steklovar Respublika Mariy El, W Russian Federation 56°14´N 48°49´E Krasnyy Tekstil’shchik Saratovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 51°35´N 45°49´E Krasnyy Yar Astrakhanskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 46°33´N 48°21´E Krassóvár see Caraşova Krasyliv Khmel’nyts’ka Oblast’, W Ukraine 49°38´N 26°59´E Kraszna Rom. Crasna. j Hungary/Romania Kratie see Krâchéh Kratovo NE  FYR Macedonia 42°04´N 22°08´E Kratznick see Kraśnik Krau Papua, E Indonesia 03°15´S 140°07´E Krâvanh, Chuŏr Phnum Eng. Cardamom Mountains, Fr. Chaîne des Cardamomes. m W Cambodia Kravasta Lagoon see Karavastasë, Laguna e Krawang see Karawang Kraynovka Respublika Dagestan, SW Russian Federation 43°58´N 47°24´E Kražiai Šiaulai, C Lithuania 55°36´N 22°41´E Krebs Oklahoma, C USA 34°55´N 95°43´W Krefeld NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 51°20´N 06°34´E Kreisstadt see Krosno Odrzańskie Kremastón, Technití Límni d C Greece Kremenchug see Kremenchuk Kremenchugskoye Vodokhranilishche/ Kremenchuk Reservoir see Kremenchuts’ke Vodoskhovyshche Kremenchuk Rus. Kremenchug. Poltavs’ka Oblast’, NE Ukraine 49°04´N 33°27´E

117 R6

116 K5

117 X6 37 R4 109 V3 109 W3

109 S4 38 M17 114 G11 112 O12 25 N4 123 V6 115 D20 124 H14

118 C11

108 H6 101 K25 101 F16 119 I15

79 D16

109 W6 108 F8

98 H12

115 G25

155 J16 155 H20 155 K17 153 S15 155 G20 95 N19 95 E18 95 L22 94 F8

93 I14 95 L16 93 J17

115 J25 115 J24 115 J23

112 I12 113 P17

114 H8 126 M10

112 F7 112 B10 112 B10 109 V12 109 R11

Kremenchuts’ke Vodoskhovyshche Eng. Kremenchuk Reservoir, Rus. Kremenchugskoye Vodokhranilishche. d C Ukraine Kremenets’ Pol. Krzemieniec, Rus. Kremenets. Ternopil’s’ka Oblast’, W Ukraine 50°06´N 25°43´E Kremennaya see Kreminna Kreminna Rus. Kremennaya. Luhans’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 49°03´N 38°15´E Kremmling Colorado, C USA 40°03´N 106°23´W Krems j NE Austria Krems see Krems an der Donau Krems an der Donau var. Krems. Niederösterreich, N Austria 48°25´N 15°36´E Kremsier see Kroměříž Kremsmünster Oberösterreich, N Austria 48°04´N 14°08´E Krenitzin Islands island Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA Kresena see Kresna Kresna var. Kresena. Blagoevgrad, SW Bulgaria 41°43´N 23°10´E Krespoljin Serbia, E Serbia 44°22´N 21°36´E Kress Texas, SW USA 34°21´N 101°43´W Kresta, Zaliv bay E Russian Federation Kréstena prev. Selinoús. Dytikí Elláda, S Greece 37°36´N 21°36´E Kresttsy Novgorodskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 58°15´N 32°28´E Kretikon Delagos see Kritikó Pélagos Kretinga Ger. Krottingen. Klaipėda, NW Lithuania 55°53´N 21°13´E Kreutz see Cristuru Secuiesc Kreuz see Križevci, Croatia Kreuz see Risti, Estonia Kreuzburg/Kreuzburg in Oberschlesien see Kluczbork Kreuzingen see Bol’shakovo Kreuzlingen Thurgau, NE Switzerland 47°38´N 09°12´E Kreuzspitze l S Germany 47°30´N 10°55´E Kreuztal NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 50°58´N 08°00´E Kreva Rus. Krevo. Hrodzyenskaya Voblasts’, W Belarus 54°19´N 26°17´E Krevo see Kreva Kría Vrísi see Krýa Vrýsi Kribi Sud, SW Cameroon 02°53´N 09°57´E Krichëv see Krychaw Krickerhäu/Kriegerhaj see Handlová Krieglach Steiermark, E Austria 47°33´N 15°37´E Kriens Luzern, W Switzerland 47°03´N 08°17´E Krievija see Russian Federation Krimmitschau see Crimmitschau Krimpen aan den IJssel Zuid-Holland, SW Netherlands 51°56´N 04°39´E Krindachevka see Krasnyy Luch Kríos, Akrotírio headland Kríti, Greece, E Mediterranean Sea 35°17´N 23°31´E Krishna prev. Kistna. j C India Krishnagiri Tamil Nādu, SE India 12°33´N 78°11´E Krishna, Mouths of the delta SE India Krishnanagar West Bengal, N India 23°22´N 88°32´E Krishnarājāsāgara var. Paradip. d W India Kristdala Kalmar, S Sweden 57°24´N 16°12´E Kristiania see Oslo Kristiansand var. Christiansand. Vest-Agder, S Norway 58°08´N 07°52´E Kristianstad Skåne, S Sweden 56°02´N 14°10´E Kristiansund var. Christiansund. Møre og Romsdal, S Norway 63°07´N 07°45´E Kristiinankaupunki see Kristinestad Kristineberg Västerbotten, N Sweden 65°07´N 18°36´E Kristinehamn Värmland, C Sweden 59°17´N 14°09´E Kristinestad Fin. Kristiinankaupunki. Österbotten, W Finland 62°15´N 21°24´E Kristyor see Crişcior Kríti Eng. Crete. r region Greece, Aegean Sea Kríti Eng. Crete. island Greece, Aegean Sea Kritikó Pélagos var. Kretikon Delagos, Eng. Sea of Crete; anc. Mare Creticum. sea Greece, Aegean Sea Kriulyany see Criuleni Krivaja j NE Bosnia and Herzegovina Krivaja see Mali Iđoš Kriva Palanka Turk. Eğri Palanka. NE Macedonia 42°13´N 22°19´E Krivichi see Kryvichy Krivodol Vratsa, NW Bulgaria 43°23´N 23°30´E Krivorozh’ye Rostovskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 48°51´N 40°49´E Krivoshin see Kryvoshyn Krivoy Rog see Kryvyy Rih Križevci Ger. Kreuz, Hung. Kőrös. Varaždin, NE Croatia 46°02´N 16°32´E Krk It. Veglia. PrimorjeGorski Kotar, NW Croatia 45°01´N 14°36´E Krk It. Veglia; anc. Curieta. island NW Croatia Krka j SE Slovenia Krka see Gurk Krn l NW Slovenia 46°15´N 13°37´E

Country Country Capital

111 H16 Krnov Ger. Jägerndorf. Moravskoslezský Kraj, E Czech Republic 50°05´N 17°40´E

Kroatien see Croatia 95 G14 Krøderen Buskerud, S Norway 60°06´N 09°48´E 95 G14 Krøderen c S Norway Kroi see Krui 95 N17 Krokek Östergötland, S Sweden 58°40´N 16°25´E Krokodil see Crocodile 93 G16 Krokom Jämtland, C Sweden

63°20´N 14°30´E Krolevets’ Rus. Krolevets. Sums’ka Oblast’, NE Ukraine 51°34´N 33°24´E Krolevets see Krolevets’ Królewska Huta see Chorzów H18 Kroměříž Ger. Kremsier. Zlínský Kraj, E Czech Republic 49°18´N 17°24´E I9 Krommenie NoordHolland, C Netherlands 52°30´N 04°46´E J6 Kromy Orlovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 52°41´N 35°45´E L18 Kronach Bayern, E Germany 50°14´N 11°19´E Krone an der Brahe see Koronowo Krŏng Kaôh Kŏng see Kaôh Kŏng K21 Kronoberg r county S Sweden V10 Kronotskiy Zaliv bay E Russian Federation O2 Kronprinsesse Märtha Kyst physical region Antarctica V3 Kronprins Olav Kyst physical region Antarctica G12 Kronshtadt Leningradskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 60°01´N 29°42´E Kronstadt see Braşov I22 Kroonstad Free State, C South Africa 27°40´S 27°15´E O12 Kropotkin Irkutskaya Oblast’, C Russian Federation 58°30´N 115°21´E L14 Kropotkin Krasnodarskiy Kray, SW Russian Federation 45°29´N 40°31´E J11 Krośniewice ódzskie, C Poland 52°14´N 19°10´E N17 Krosno Ger. Krossen. Podkarpackie, SE Poland 49°40´N 21°46´E E12 Krosno Odrzańskie Ger. Crossen, Kreisstadt. Lubuskie, W Poland 52°02´N 15°06´E Krossen see Krosno Krotoschin see Krotoszyn H13 Krotoszyn Ger. Krotoschin. Wielkopolskie, C Poland 51°43´N 17°24´E Krottingen see Kretinga Krousón see Krousónas J25 Krousónas prev. Krousón, Kroussón. Kríti, Greece, E Mediterranean Sea 35°14´N 24°59´E Kroussón see Krousónas Krraba see Krrabë L20 Krrabë var. Krraba. Tiranë, C Albania 41°15´N 19°56´E L17 Krrabit, Mali i m N Albania W12 Krško Ger. Gurkfeld; prev. Videm-Krško. E Slovenia 45°57´N 15°31´E K19 Kruger National Park national park Northern, N South Africa J21 Krugersdorp Gauteng, NE South Africa 26°06´S 27°46´E D16 Krugloi Point headland Agattu Island, Alaska, USA 52°30´N 173°46´E Krugloye see Kruhlaye N15 Kruhlaye Rus. Krugloye. Mahilyowskaya Voblasts’, E Belarus 54°15´N 29°48´E L15 Krui var. Kroi. Sumatera, SW Indonesia 05°11´S 103°55´E G16 Kruibeke Oost-Vlaanderen, N Belgium 51°10´N 04°18´E G25 Kruidfontein Western Cape, SW South Africa 32°50´S 21°59´E F15 Kruiningen Zeeland, SW Netherlands 51°28´N 04°01´E Kruja see Krujë L19 Krujë var. Kruja, It. Croia. Durrës, C Albania 41°30´N 19°48´E Krulevshchina/ Krulewshchyna see Krulyewshchyzna K13 Krulyewshchyzna Rus. Krulevshchina, Krulewshchyna. Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’, N Belarus 55°02´N 27°45´E T6 Krum Texas, SW USA 33°15´N 97°14´W J23 Krumbach Bayern, S Germany 48°12´N 10°21´E M17 Krumë Kukës, NE Albania 42°11´N 20°25´E Krummau see Český Krumlov K12 Krumovgrad prev. Kossukavak. Yambol, E Bulgaria 41°27´N 25°40´E K12 Krumovitsa j S Bulgaria L10 Krumovo Yambol, E Bulgaria 42°16´N 26°25´E O11 Krung Thep, Ao var. Bight of Bangkok. bay S Thailand Krung Thep Mahanakhon see Ao Krung Thep Krupa/Krupa na Uni see Bosanska Krupa M15 Krupki Minskaya Voblasts’, C Belarus 54°19´N 29°08´E G24 Kruså var. Krusaa. Syddanmark, SW Denmark 54°50´N 09°25´E Krusaa see Kruså N14 Kruševac Serbia, C Serbia 43°37´N 21°20´E N19 Kruševo SW  FYR Macedonia 41°22´N 21°15´E A15 Krušné Hory Eng. Ore Mountains, Ger. Erzgebirge. l Czech Republic/Germany see also Erzgebirge Krušné Hory see Erzgebirge W13 Kruzof Island island Alexander Archipelago, Alaska, USA F13 Krýa Vrýsi var. Kría Vrísi. Kentrikí Makedonía, N Greece 40°41´N 22°18´E

117 S2

111 98 126 101

95 123 195 195 124

83 123 126 110 111 110

110

115

113 113 109 83 83 38

119 168 99 83 99

113

118

25 101 113

114 114 114 167

119 95

113 113 111

39 114

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

119 P16 Krychaw Rus. Krichëv. Mahilyowskaya Voblasts’, E Belarus 53°42´N 31°43´E 64 K11 Krylov Seamount undersea feature E Atlantic Ocean

17°35´N 30°07´W Krym see Krym, Avtonomna Respublika

117 S13 Krym, Avtonomna Respublika var. Krym, Eng. Crimea, Crimean Oblast; prev. Rus. Krymskaya ASSR, Krymskaya Oblast’. r province SE Ukraine 126 K14 Krymsk Krasnodarskiy Kray, SW Russian Federation 44°56´N 38°02´E

Krymskaya ASSR/ Krymskaya Oblast’ see Krym, Avtonomna Respublika 117 T13 Kryms’ki Hory m S Ukraine 117 T13 Kryms’kyy Pivostriv peninsula S Ukraine 111 M18 Krynica Ger. Tannenhof. Małopolskie, S Poland 117 P8

49°25´N 20°56´E

Kryve Ozero Odes’ka Oblast’, SW Ukraine

47°54´N 30°19´E 119 K14 Kryvichy Rus. Krivichi. Minskaya Voblasts’, C Belarus 54°43´N 27°17´E 119 I18 Kryvoshyn Rus. Krivoshin. Brestskaya Voblasts’, SW Belarus 52°52´N 26°08´E 117 S8 Kryvyy Rih Rus. Krivoy Rog. Dnipropetrovs’ka Oblast’, SE Ukraine 47°53´N 33°24´E 117 N8 Kryzhopil’ Vinnyts’ka Oblast’, C Ukraine 48°22´N 28°51´E Krzemieniec see Kremenets’ 111 J14 Krzepice Śląskie, S Poland 50°58´N 18°42´E

110 F10 Krzyż Wielkopolskie Wielkopolskie, W Poland 52°52´N 16°03´E

74 J5 74 G5

110 H12 127 O3 169 T8 169 S10 169 S12 168 K8 168 K9 168 K9

169 U7 38 E9

168 L7

168 L11 171 P11 163 V12

83 E15

141 X8 93 H16 80 A11 124 L13 146 G6

164 G15 114 L7 112 O13 165 T1 112 O11 169 Q10 169 Q10 164 B17

109 Q6 148 L9

Ksar al Kabir see Ksar-el-Kebir Ksar al Soule see Er-Rachidia Ksar El Boukhari N Algeria 35°55´N 02°47´E Ksar-el-Kebir var. Alcázar, Ksar al Kabir, Ksar-el-Kébir, Ar. Al-Kasr al-Kebir, Al-Qsar al-Kbir, Sp. Alcazarquivir. NW Morocco 35°04´N 05°56´W Ksar-el-Kébir see Ksar-el-Kebir Książ Wielkopolski Ger. Xions. Weilkopolskie, W Poland 52°03´N 17°10´E Kstovo Nizhegorodskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 56°07´N 44°12´E Kuala Belait W Brunei 04°48´N 114°12´E Kuala Dungun see Dungun Kualakeriau Borneo, C Indonesia Kualakuayan Borneo, C Indonesia 02°01´S 112°35´E Kuala Lipis Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia 04°11´N 102°00´E Kuala Lumpur a (Malaysia) Kuala Lumpur, Peninsular Malaysia 03°08´N 101°42´E Kuala Lumpur International k Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia 02°51´N 101°45´E Kuala Pelabohan Kelang see Pelabuhan Klang Kuala Penyu Sabah, East Malaysia 05°37´N 115°36´E Kualapu‘u var. Kualapuu. Moloka‘i, Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 21°09´N 157°02´W Kualapuu see Kualapu‘u Kuala Terengganu var. Kuala Trengganu. Terengganu, Peninsular Malaysia 05°20´N 103°07´E Kualatungkal Sumatera, W Indonesia 0°49´S 103°22´E Kuandang Sulawesi, N Indonesia 0°50´N 122°55´E Kuandian var. Kuandian Manzu Zizhixian. Liaoning, NE China 40°41´N 124°46´E Kuandian Manzu Zizhixian see Kuandian Kuando Kubango prev. Cuando Cubango. r province SE Angola Kuang-chou see Guangzhou Kuang-hsi see Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu Kuang-tung see Guangdong Kuang-yuan see Guangyuan Kuantan, Batang see Indragiri, Sungai Kuanzhou see Qingjian Kuba see Quba Kubango see Cubango/ Okavango Kubārah NW Oman 23°03´N 56°52´E Kubbe Västernorrland, C Sweden 63°31´N 18°04´E Kubbum Southern Darfur, W Sudan 11°47´N 23°47´E Kubenskoye, Ozero c NW Russian Federation Kubla-Ustyurt Rus. Komsomol’sk-naUstyurte. Qoraqalpog‘iston Respublikasi, NW Uzbekistan 44°06´N 58°14´E Kubokawa Kōchi, Shikoku, SW Japan 33°22´N 133°14´E Kubrat prev. Balbunar. Razgrad, N Bulgaria 43°48´N 26°31´E Kučajske Planine m E Serbia Kuccharo-ko c Hokkaidō, N Japan Kučevo Serbia, NE Serbia 44°29´N 21°42´E Kuchan see Qūchān Kuching prev. Sarawak. Sarawak, East Malaysia 01°32´N 110°20´E Kuching k Sarawak, East Malaysia 01°32´N 110°20´E Kuchinoerabu-jima island Nansei-shotō, SW Japan Kuchinotsu see Minamishimabara Kuchl Salzburg, NW Austria 47°37´N 13°12´E Kūchnay Darwēshān prev. Kūchnay Darweyshān. Helmand, S Afghanistan 31°02´N 64°10´E Kūchnay Darweyshān see Kūchnay Darwēshān

Administrative Regions International Airport

Kuchurgan see Kuchurhan 117 O9 Kuchurhan Rus. Kuchurgan. j NE Ukraine Kuçova see Kuçovë 113 L21 Kuçovë var. Kuçova; prev. Qyteti Stalin. Berat, C Albania 40°48´N 19°55´E

136 D11 Küçük Çekmece İstanbul, NW Turkey 41°01´N 28°47´E 164 F14 Kudamatsu var. Kudamatu. Yamaguchi, Honshū, SW Japan 34°00´N 131°53´E Kudamatu see Kudamatsu Kudara see Ghŭdara 169 V6 Kudat Sabah, East Malaysia 06°54´N 116°47´E

Küddow see Gwda 155 G17 Kūdligi Karnātaka, W India 14°58´N 76°24´E Kudowa see Kudowa-Zdrój 111 F16 Kudowa-Zdrój Ger. Kudowa. Wałbrzych, SW Poland 50°27´N 16°20´E

Kudryavtsivka Mykolayivs’ka Oblast’, S Ukraine 47°18´N 31°02´E 169 R16 Kudus prev. Koedoes. Jawa, C Indonesia 06°46´S 110°48´E 125 T13 Kudymkar Permskiy Kray, NW Russian Federation 117 P9

59°01´N 54°40´E Kudzsir see Cugir Kuei-chou see Guizhou Kuei-lin see Guilin

47°36´N 12°10´E

N7 Kugaaruk prev. Pelly Bay. Nunavut, N Canada 68°38´N 89°45´W

Kugaly see Kogaly Kugluktuk var. Qurlurtuuq; prev. Coppermine. Nunavut, NW Canada 67°49´N 115°12´W 143 Y13 Kūhak Sīstān va Balūchestān, SE Iran 27°10´N 63°15´E 143 R9 Kūhbonān Kermān, C Iran 8

K8

148 J5

93 N15 93 L18

143 O8 167 O12

82 D13 39 X14 92 L13 196 M15

77 V14

31°23´N 56°16´E Kūhestān var. Kohsān. Herāt, W Afghanistan 34°40´N 61°11´E Kūhīrī see Kahīrī Kuhmo Kainuu, E Finland 64°04´N 29°34´E Kuhmoinen Keski-Suomi, C Finland 61°32´N 25°09´E Kuhnau see Konin Kühnö see Kihnu Kūhpāyeh Eşfahān, C Iran 32°42´N 52°25´E Kui Buri var. Ban Kui Nua. Prachuap Khiri Khan, SW Thailand 12°10´N 99°49´E Kuibyshev see Kuybyshevskoye Vodokhranilishche Kuito Port. Silva Porto. Bié, C Angola 12°21´S 16°55´E Kuiu Island island Alexander Archipelago, Alaska, USA Kuivaniemi PohjoisPohjanmaa, C Finland 65°34´N 25°13´E Kujalleo r municipality S Greenland Kujalleo, Kommune see Kujalleo Kujama Kaduna, C Nigeria 10°27´N 07°39´E

110 I10 Kujawsko-pomorskie r province C Poland 165 R8 Kuji var. Kuzi. Iwate, Honshū, C Japan

164 D14 43 N7 113 O16 113 M18 113 L18 186 D8 127 S3

19°19´N 166°36´E

146 G11 Kukurtli Ahal Welaýaty, C Turkmenistan

112 K9 136 D14 149 S8

168 L10 114 M7 153 T11 144 E13 145 S16

147 V9

153 V14 118 D9

46°18´N 98°57´W

Kulm see Chełmno 146 D12 Kul’mach prev. Turkm. Isgender. Balkan Welaýaty, W Turkmenistan 39°04´N 55°49´E

101 L18 Kulmbach Bayern, SE Germany 50°07´N 11°27´E Kulmsee see Chełmża 147 Q14 Kŭlob Rus. Kulyab. SW Tajikistan 92 M13 Kuloharju Lappi, N Finland 65°51´N 28°10´E

125 N7 Kuloy Arkhangel’skaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 64°55´N 43°35´E 125 N7 Kuloy j NW Russian Federation 137 Q14 Kulp Dıyarbakır, SE Turkey 38°32´N 41°01´E

Kulpa see Kolpa 77 P14 Kulpawn j N Ghana 143 R13 Kūl, Rūd-e var. Kül. j S Iran 144 G12 Kul’sary Kaz. Qulsary. Atyrau, W Kazakhstan 46°59´N 54°02´E

153 R15 Kulti West Bengal, NE India 23°45´N 86°50´E

93 G14 Kultsjön Lapp. Gålto. c N Sweden 136 I14 Kulu Konya, W Turkey 39°06´N 33°02´E

Kulu j E Russian Federation 122 I13 Kulunda Altayskiy Kray, S Russian Federation 123 S9

182 M9 117 Q3

164 F14 127 P14 165 O12 165 Q5 169 R13 127 Y7 164 C14

164 J15 113 O17 185 G17 180 J8 153 T15 77 P16 79 D15 114 N13 155 J21 165 R16 127 V6

35 R4

39°58´N 58°47´E Kül see Kūl, Rūd-e Kula Vidin, NW Bulgaria 43°55´N 22°32´E Kula Vojvodina, NW Serbia 45°37´N 19°31´E Kula Manisa, W Turkey 38°33´N 28°38´E Kulāchi Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, NW Pakistan 31°58´N 70°30´E Kulachi see Kolāchi Kulagino see Yesbol Kulai Johor, Peninsular Malaysia 01°41´N 103°33´E Kulak j NE Bulgaria Kula Kangri var. Kulhakangri. l Bhutan/China 28°06´N 90°19´E Kulaly, Ostrov island SW Kazakhstan Kulan Kaz. Qulan; prev. Lugovoy, Lugovoye. Zhambyl, S Kazakhstan 42°54´N 72°45´E Kulanak Narynskaya Oblast’, C Kyrgyzstan 41°18´N 75°38´E Gory Kulandag see Gulandag Kulaura Sylhet, NE Bangladesh 24°32´N 92°02´E Kuldīga Ger. Goldingen. W Latvia 56°57´N 21°59´E Kuldja see Yining Kul’dzhuktau, Gory see QuljuqtovTog‘lari

Mountain Mountain Range

112 E11 Kulen Vakuf var. Spasovo. r  Federacija Bosne I Hercegovine, NW Bosnia and Herzegovina 181 Q9 Kulgera Roadhouse Northern Territory, N Australia 25°49´S 133°30´E Kulhakangri see Kula Kangri 127 T1 Kuliga Udmurtskaya Respublika, NW Russian Federation 58°14´N 53°49´E Kulkuduk see Ko‘lquduq 118 G4 Kullamaa Läänemaa, W Estonia 58°52´N 24°05´E 197 O12 Kullorsuaq var. Kuvdlorssuak. r  Qaasuitsup, C Greenland 29 O6 Kulm North Dakota, N USA

164 D15

40°12´N 141°47´E Kujto, Ozero see Yushkozerskoye Vodokhranilishche Kujū-renzan see Kujū-san Kujū-san var. Kujū-renzan. l Kyūshū, SW Japan 33°07´N 131°13´E Kukalaya, Rio var. Rio Cuculaya, Rio Kukulaya. j NE Nicaragua Kukavica var. Vlajna. l SE Serbia 42°46´N 21°58´E Kukës var. Kukësi. Kukës, NE Albania 42°03´N 20°25´E Kukës r district NE Albania Kukësi see Kukës Kukipi Gulf, S Papua New Guinea 08°11´S 146°09´E Kukmor Respublika Tatarstan, W Russian Federation 56°11´N 50°56´E Kukong see Shaoguan

39 N6 Kukpowruk River j Alaska, USA 38 M6 Kukpuk River j Alaska, USA Küküdağ see Gogi, Mount Kukukhoto see Hohhot Kukulaya, Rio see Kukalaya, Rio 189 W12 Kuku Point headland NW Wake Island

114 F7

55°25´N 42°31´E

37°55´N 68°46´E

Kuei-Yang/Kuei-yang see Guiyang K’u-erh-lo see Korla Kueyang see Guiyang Kufa see Al Kūfah 136 E14 Küfiçayı j C Turkey 109 O6 Kufstein Tirol, W Austria 9

127 N4 Kulebaki Nizhegorodskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation

159 N7 159 N8 95 M16 136 E17 100 N9 77 X14 145 O13 167 N1 83 F22 155 E18 38 H12 127 Q17

158 L6 127 N9

141 W6

Volcano River

52°33´N 79°04´E Kulunda Steppe see Ravnina Kulyndy Kulundinskaya Ravnina see Ravnina Kulyndy Kulwin Victoria, SE Australia 35°04´S 142°37´E Kulyab see Kŭlob Kulykivka Chernihivs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 51°23´N 31°39´E Kum see Qom Kuma Ehime, Shikoku, SW Japan 33°36´N 132°53´E Kuma j SW Russian Federation Kumagaya Saitama, Honshū, S Japan 36°09´N 139°22´E Kumaishi Hokkaidō, NE Japan 42°08´N 139°57´E Kumai, Teluk bay Borneo, C Indonesia Kumak Orenburgskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 51°16´N 60°06´E Kumamoto Kumamoto, Kyūshū, SW Japan 32°49´N 130°41´E Kumamoto off. Kumamotoken. r prefecture Kyūshū, SW Japan Kumamoto-ken see Kumamoto Kumano Mie, Honshū, SW Japan 33°54´N 136°08´E Kumanova see Kumanovo Kumanovo Turk. Kumanova. N Macedonia 42°08´N 21°43´E Kumara West Coast, South Island, New Zealand 42°39´S 171°12´E Kumarina Roadhouse Western Australia 24°46´S 119°39´E Kumarkhali Khulna, W Bangladesh 23°54´N 89°16´E Kumasi prev. Coomassie. C Ghana 06°41´N 01°40´W Kumayri see Gyumri Kumba Sud-Ouest, W Cameroon 04°39´N 09°26´E Kumbağ Tekirdağ, NW Turkey 40°51´N 27°26´E Kumbakonam Tamil Nādu, SE India 10°59´N 79°24´E Kum-Dag see Gumdag Kume-jima island Nanseishotō, SW Japan Kumertau Respublika Bashkortostan, W Russian Federation 52°48´N 55°48´E Kumillā see Comilla Kumiva Peak l Nevada, W USA 40°24´N 119°16´W Kum Kuduk Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, W China 40°15´N 91°55´E Kum Kuduk well NW China Kumkurgan see Qumqo‘rg‘on Kumla Örebro, C Sweden 59°08´N 15°09´E Kumluca Antalya, SW Turkey 36°23´N 30°17´E Kummerower See c NE Germany Kumo Gombe, E Nigeria 10°03´N 11°14´E Kumola j C Kazakhstan Kumon Range m N Myanmar (Burma) Kums Karas, SE Namibia 28°07´S 19°40´E Kumta Karnātaka, W India 14°25´N 74°24´E Kumukahi, Cape headland Hawai‘i, USA, C Pacific Ocean 19°31´N 154°48´W Kumukh Respublika Dagestan, SW Russian Federation 42°10´N 47°07´E Kumul see Hami Kümüx Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, W China Kumylzhenskaya Volgogradskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 49°54´N 42°35´E Kumzār N Oman 26°19´N 56°26´E

Lake Reservoir

43 W15 Kuna de Wargandí r special territory NE Panama 149 S4 Kunar Per. Konarhā; prev. Konar. r province E Afghanistan Kunashiri see Kunashir, Ostrov 123 U14 Kunashir, Ostrov var. Kunashiri. island Kuril’skiye Ostrova, SE Russian Federation 43 V14 Kuna Yala prev. San Blas. r special territory NE Panama 118 I3 Kunda Lääne-Virumaa, NE Estonia 59°31´N 26°33´E 152 M13 Kunda Uttar Pradesh, N India 25°43´N 81°31´E

155 E19 Kundāpura var. Coondapoor. Karnātaka, W India 13°39´N 74°41´E 79 O24 Kundelungu, Monts m S Dem. Rep. Congo Kundert see Hernád 186 D7 Kundiawa Chimbu, W Papua New Guinea 06°00´S 144°57´E Kundla see Sāvarkundla Kunduk, Ozero see Sasyk, Ozero Kunduk, Ozero Sasyk see Sasyk, Ozero 168 L10 Kundur, Pulau island W Indonesia 149 Q2 Kunduz var. Kondūz, Qondūz; prev. Kondoz, Kundūz. Kunduz, NE Afghanistan 36°49´N 68°50´E

149 Q2 Kunduz prev. Kondoz. r province NE Afghanistan Kunduz/Kundūz see Kunduz Kuneitra see Al Qunayţirah 83 B18 Kunene r district NE Namibia 83 A16 Kunene var. Cunene. j Angola/Namibia see also Cunene Kunene see Cunene Künes see Xinyuan 158 J5 Künes He j NW China 95 I19 Kungälv Västra Götaland, S Sweden 57°54´N 12°00´E 147 W7 Kungei Ala-Tau Rus. Khrebet Kyungëy Ala-Too, Kir. Küngöy Ala-Too. m Kazakhstan/Kyrgyzstan Küngöy Ala-Too see Kungei Ala-Tau Kungrad see Qo‘ng‘irot 95 J19 Kungsbacka Halland, S Sweden 57°30´N 12°05´E 95 I18 Kungshamn Västra Götaland, S Sweden 58°21´N 11°15´E

95 M16 Kungsör Västmanland, C Sweden 59°25´N 16°05´E 79 J16 Kungu Equateur, NW Dem. Rep. Congo 02°47´N 19°12´E 125 V15 Kungur Permskiy Kray, NW Russian Federation 166 L9 111 M22 167 O5 158 D9

158 H10 159 P11 160 G13

95 B18 111 L24 111 J23 181 N3

169 T11 101 I20 161 S10 124 H5

93 N16 93 K17 93 M18 171 P17 39 Q5 186 E9 180 M4 122 I12 118 H11 114 L13 39 X13 39 O16 112 G13 117 W5

57°24´N 56°56´E Kungyangon Yangon, SW Myanmar (Burma) 16°27´N 96°00´E Kunhegyes Jász-NagykunSzolnok, E Hungary 47°22´N 20°36´E Kunhing Shan State, E Myanmar (Burma) 21°17´N 98°26´E Kunjirap Daban var. Khūnjerāb Pass. pass China/ Pakistan see also Khūnjerāb Pass Kunjirap Daban see Khunjerāb Pass Kunlun Mountains see Kunlun Shan Kunlun Shan Eng. Kunlun Mountains. m NW China Kunlun Shankou pass C China Kunming var. K’un-ming; prev. Yunnan. province capital Yunnan, SW China 25°04´N 102°41´E K’un-ming see Kunming Kunø see Kunoy Kunoy Dan. Kunø. island N Faroe Islands Kunsan see Gunsan Kunszentmárton JászNagykun-Szolnok, E Hungary 46°50´N 20°19´E Kunszentmiklós Bács-Kiskun, C Hungary 47°00´N 19°07´E Kununurra Western Australia 15°50´S 128°44´E Kunyang see Pingyang Kunya-Urgench see Köneürgenç Kunyé see Pins, Île des Kunyi Borneo, C Indonesia 03°23´S 119°20´E Künzelsau BadenWürttemberg, S Germany 49°22´N 09°43´E Kuocang Shan m SE China Kuolajärvi see Kuoloyarvi Kuoloyarvi Finn. Kuolajärvi, var. Luolajarvi. Murmanskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 66°58´N 29°13´E Kuopio Pohjois-Savo, C Finland 62°54´N 27°41´E Kuortane Etelä-Pohjanmaa, W Finland 62°48´N 23°30´E Kuortti Etelä-Savo, E Finland 61°25´N 26°25´E Kupa see Kolpa Kupang prev. Koepang. Timor, C Indonesia 10°13´S 123°38´E Kuparuk River j Alaska, USA Kupchino see Cupcina Kupiano Central, S Papua New Guinea 10°06´S 148°12´E Kupingarri Western Australia 16°46´S 125°57´E Kupino Novosibirskaya Oblast’, C Russian Federation 54°22´N 77°09´E Kupiškis Panevėžys, NE Lithuania 55°51´N 24°58´E Küplü Edirne, NW Turkey 41°06´N 26°23´E Kupreanof Island island Alexander Archipelago, Alaska, USA Kupreanof Point headland Alaska, USA 55°34´N 159°36´W Kupres r  Federacija Bosne I Hercegovine, SW Bosnia and Herzegovina Kup”yans’k Rus. Kupyansk. Kharkivs’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 49°42´N 37°36´E Kupyansk see Kup”yans’k

Kup”yans’K-VuzloVyy – la Cuesta 117 W5 Kup”yans’k-Vuzlovyy Kharkivs’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 158

137 55 147

119 164 154 164

163 137

139 155

164 192 136 146

118 122 122

49°40´N 37°41´E I6 Kuqa Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 41°43´N 82°58´E Kür see Kura W11 Kura Az. Kür, Geor. Mtkvari, Turk. Kura Nehri. j SW Asia R8 Kuracki NW Guyana 06°52´N 60°13´W Kura Kurk see Irbe Strait Q10 Kurama Range Rus. Kuraminskiy Khrebet. m Tajikistan/Uzbekistan Kuraminskiy Khrebet see Kurama Range Kura Nehri see Kura J14 Kuranyets Rus. Kurenets. Minskaya Voblasts’, C Belarus 54°33´N 26°57´E H13 Kurashiki var. Kurasiki. Okayama, Honshū, SW Japan 34°35´N 133°44´E L10 Kurasia Chhattīsgarh, C India 23°11´N 82°16´E Kurasiki see Kurashiki H12 Kurayoshi var. Kurayosi. Tottori, Honshū, SW Japan 35°27´N 133°52´E Kurayosi see Kurayoshi X6 Kurbin He j NE China Kurchum see Kurshim Kurchum see Kurshim X11 Kürdämir Rus. Kyurdamir. C Azerbaijan 40°21´N 48°08´E Kurdestan see Kordestān S1 Kurdistan cultural region SW Asia Kurd Kui see Kord Kūy F15 Kurduvādi Mahārāshtra, W India 18°06´N 75°31´E Kŭrdzhali see Kardzhali Kŭrdzhali see Kardzhali Kŭrdzhali, Yazovir see Kardzhali, Yazovir F13 Kure Hiroshima, Honshū, SW Japan 34°15´N 132°33´E K5 Kure Atoll var. Ocean Island. atoll Hawaiian Islands, Hawaii, USA J10 Küre Dağları m N Turkey C11 Kürendag Rus. Gora Kyuren. l W Turkmenistan 39°05´N 55°09´E Kurenets see Kuranyets E6 Kuressaare Ger. Arensburg; prev. Kingissepp. Saaremaa, W Estonia 58°17´N 22°29´E K9 Kureyka Krasnoyarskiy Kray, N Russian Federation 66°22´N 87°21´E K9 Kureyka j N Russian Federation

Kurgal’dzhino/ Kurgal’dzhinsky see Korgalzhyn 122 G11 Kurgan Kurganskaya Oblast’, C Russian Federation 55°30´N 65°20´E

126 L14 Kurganinsk Krasnodarskiy Kray, SW Russian Federation 44°55´N 40°45´E

122 G11 Kurganskaya Oblast’ r province C Russian Federation Kurgan-Tyube see Qŭrghonteppa 191 O2 Kuria prev. Woodle Island. island Tungaru, W Kiribati Kuria Muria Bay see Ḩalānīyāt, Khalīj al Kuria Muria Islands see Ḩalāniyāt, Juzur al 153 T13 Kurigram Rajshahi, N Bangladesh 25°49´N 89°39´E 93 K17 Kurikka Etelä-Pohjanmaa, W Finland 62°36´N 22°25´E 192 I3 Kuril Basin var. Kurile Basin. undersea basin NW Pacific Ocean Kurile Basin see Kuril Basin Kurile Islands see Kuril’skiye Ostrova Kurile-Kamchatka Depression see KurilKamchatka Trench Kurile Trench see KurilKamchatka Trench Kuril Islands see Kuril’skiye Ostrova 192 J3 Kuril-Kamchatka Trench var. Kurile-Kamchatka Depression, Kurile Trench. trench NW Pacific Ocean 127 Q9 Kurilovka Saratovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 50°39´N 48°02´E

123 U13 Kuril’sk Jap. Shana. Kuril’skiye Ostrova, Sakhalinskaya Oblats’, SE Russian Federation 45°10´N 147°51´E

122 G11 Kuril’skiye Ostrova Eng. Kuril Islands, Kurile Islands. island group SE Russian Federation 42 M9 Kurinwas, Río j E Nicaragua Kurisches Haff see Courland Lagoon Kurkund see Kilingi-Nõmme 126 M4 Kurlovskiy Vladimirskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 55°25´N 40°39´E

80 G12 Kurmuk Blue Nile, SE Sudan 10°36´N 34°16´E

Kurna see Al Qurnah 155 H17 Kurnool var. Karnul. Andhra Pradesh, S India 164 M11 165 Q7

165 O12 165 Q4 164 B17 185 F21 127 N15 118 E11 145 X10 145 Y10

15°51´N 78°01´E Kurobe Toyama, Honshū, SW Japan 36°55´N 137°24´E Kuroishi var. Kuroisi. Aomori, Honshū, C Japan 40°37´N 140°34´E Kuroisi see Kuroishi Kuroiso Tochigi, Honshū, S Japan 36°58´N 140°02´E Kuromatsunai Hokkaidō, NE Japan 42°40´N 140°18´E Kuro-shima island SW Japan Kurow Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand 44°44´S 170°29´E Kursavka Stavropol’skiy Kray, SW Russian Federation 44°28´N 42°31´E Kuršėnai Šiauliai, N Lithuania 56°00´N 22°56´E Kurshim prev. Kurchum. Vostochnyy Kazakhstan, E Kazakhstan 48°35´N 83°37´E Kurshim prev. Kurchum. j E Kazakhstan

Kurshskaya Kosa/Kuršių Nerija see Courland Spit

126 J7

Kursk Kurskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation

110 K12 Kutno Łódzkie, C Poland

51°44´N 36°47´E

Kurskaya Oblast’ r province W Russian Federation Kurskiy Zaliv see Courland Lagoon 113 N15 Kuršumlija Serbia, S Serbia 126 I7

137 R15

145 U15 93 L18 80 114 158 83

C13 M13 L7 G22

67 T14 164 D14 123 N13 155 J25 55 T10 125 U10 144 E15

136 B15 115 M19 164 A17 145 T12

43°09´N 21°16´E Kurtalan Siirt, SE Turkey 37°58´N 41°36´E Kurtbunar see Tervel Kurt-Dere see Valchi Dol Kurtitsch/Kürtös see Curtici Kurtty j SE Kazakhstan Kuru Pirkanmaa, W Finland 61°51´N 23°46´E Kuru j W South Sudan Kuru Dağı m NW Turkey Kuruktag m NW China Kuruman Northern Cape, N South Africa 27°28´S 23°27´E Kuruman j W South Africa Kurume Fukuoka, Kyūshū, SW Japan 33°15´N 130°27´E Kurumkan Respublika Buryatiya, S Russian Federation 54°13´N 110°21´E Kurunegala North Western Province, C Sri Lanka 07°28´N 80°23´E Kurupukari C Guyana 04°39´N 58°39´W Kur”ya Respublika Komi, NW Russian Federation 61°38´N 57°12´E Kuryk var. Yeraliyev, Kaz. Quryq. Mangistau, SW Kazakhstan 43°12´N 51°43´E Kuşadası Aydın, SW Turkey 37°50´N 27°16´E Kuşadası Körfezi gulf SW Turkey Kusagaki-guntō island SW Japan Kusaie see Kosrae Kusak j C Kazakhstan Kusary see Qusar

79 I20 153 V17 80 B10 147 Y7 12 M5 12 I7 12 I7

118 I6 92 N13 93 M19 127 W7

124 I16 141 Q4

164 K13

Ku Sathan, Doi l NW Thailand

139 X9

18°22´N 100°31´E 164 J13 Kusatsu var. Kusatu. Shiga, Honshū, SW Japan 35°02´N 136°00´E Kusatu see Kusatsu 138 F11 Kuseifa Southern, C Israel 31°15´N 35°01´E 136 C12 Kuş Gölü c NW Turkey

142 K11

167 P7

117 P10 Kuyal’nyts’kyy Lyman c SW Ukraine 122 I12 Kuybyshev Novosibirskaya Oblast’, C Russian Federation

126 L12 Kushchevskaya Krasnodarskiy Kray, SW Russian Federation

46°35´N 39°40´E 164 D16 Kushima var. Kusima. Miyazaki, Kyūshū, SW Japan 31°28´N 131°14´E 164 I15 Kushimoto Wakayama, Honshū, SW Japan 33°28´N 135°45´E 165 V4 Kushiro var. Kusiro. Hokkaidō, NE Japan 42°58´N 144°24´E 148 K4 Kushk prev. Kūshk. Herāt, W Afghanistan 34°55´N 62°20´E Kushka see Serhetabat Kushka see Gushgy/ Serhetabat Kushmurun see Kusmuryn Kushmurun, Ozero see Kusmuryn, Ozero 127 U4 Kushnarenkovo Respublika Bashkortostan, W Russian Federation 55°07´N 55°24´E Kushrabat see Qo‘shrabot Kushtia see Kustia Kusima see Kushima Kusiro see Kushiro 38 M13 Kuskokwim Bay bay Alaska, USA

39 P11 Kuskokwim Mountains m Alaska, USA 39 N12 Kuskokwim River j Alaska, USA 145 N8 Kusmuryn Kaz. Qusmuryn; prev. Kushmurun. Kostanay, N Kazakhstan 52°27´N 64°31´E 145 N8 Kusmuryn, Ozero Kaz. Qusmuryn; prev. Ozero Kushmurun. c N Kazakhstan 108 G7 Küsnacht Zürich, N Switzerland 47°19´N 08°34´E 165 V4 Kussharo-ko var. Kussyaro. c Hokkaidō, NE Japan Küssnacht see Küssnacht am Rigi 108 F8 Küssnacht am Rigi var. Küssnacht. Schwyz, C Switzerland 47°03´N 08°25´E Kussyaro see Kussharo-ko Kustanay see Kostanay Küstence/Küstendje see Constana 100 F11 Küstenkanal var. Ems-Hunte Canal. canal NW Germany 153 T15 Kustia var. Kushtia. Khulna, W Bangladesh 23°54´N 89°07´E Küstrin see Kostrzyn 171 R11 Kusu Pulau Halmahera, E Indonesia 0°51´N 127°41´E 170 L16 Kuta Pulau Lombok, S Indonesia 08°53´S 116°15´E 139 T4 Kutabān Kirkūk, N Iraq 35°21´N 44°45´E

136 E13 Kütahya prev. Kutaia. Kütahya, W Turkey

42°16´N 42°42´E Kūt, Al see Wāsiţ Kūt al ‘Amārah see Al Kūt Kut al Hai/Kūt al Ḩayy see Al Ḩayy Kut al Imara see Al Kūt 123 Q11 Kutana Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 59°05´N 131°43´E Kutaradja/Kutaraja see Banda Aceh 165 R4 Kutchan Hokkaidō, NE Japan 42°54´N 140°46´E Kutch, Gulf of see Kachchh, Gulf of Kutch, Rann of see Kachchh, Rann of 112 F9 Kutina Sisak-Moslavina, NE Croatia 45°29´N 16°45´E 112 H9 Kutjevo Požega-Slavonija, NE Croatia 45°26´N 17°54´E 111 E17 Kutná Hora Ger. Kuttenberg. Střední Čechy, C Czech Republic 49°58´N 15°18´E

Country Country Capital

117 W9

127 R4

123 S9 125 U16

158 J4 122 M13 55 S12 38 M9 127 P6 116 K3 165 R8 95 H24 92 H9 92 K8 94 G11 127 X7 93 G15 112 A11 112 B11 39 O14 92 H12 95 D17 92 Q1 95 F16

39°25´N 29°56´E

136 E13 Kütahya var. Kutaia. r province W Turkey Kutai see Mahakam, Sungai Kutaia see Kütahya 137 R9 Kutaisi W Georgia

52°14´N 19°23´E Kuttenberg see Kutná Hora Kutu Bandundu, W Dem. Rep. Congo 02°42´S 18°10´E Kutubdia Island island SE Bangladesh Kutum Northern Darfur, W Sudan 14°10´N 24°40´E Kuturgu Issyk-Kul’skaya Oblast’, E Kyrgyzstan 42°45´N 78°04´E Kuujjuaq prev. FortChimo. Québec, E Canada 58°10´N 68°15´W Kuujjuarapik Québec, C Canada 55°07´N 78°09´W Kuujjuarapik prev. Poste-de-la-Baleine. Québec, NE Canada 55°13´N 77°54´W Kuuli-Mayak see Guwlumaýak Kuulsemägi l S Estonia Kuusamo PohjoisPohjanmaa, E Finland 65°57´N 29°15´E Kuusankoski Kymenlaakso, S Finland 60°51´N 26°40´E Kuvandyk Orenburgskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 51°27´N 57°18´E Kuvango see Cubango Kuvasay see Quvasoy Kuvdlorssuak see Kullorsuaq Kuvshinovo Tverskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 57°03´N 34°09´E Kuwait off. State of Kuwait, var. Dawlat al Kuwait, Koweit, Kuweit. b monarchy SW Asia Kuwait see Al Kuwayt Kuwait Bay see Kuwayt, Jūn al Kuwait City see Al Kuwayt Kuwait, Dawlat al see Kuwait Kuwait, State of see Kuwait Kuwajleen see Kwajalein Atoll Kuwana Mie, Honshū, SW Japan 35°04´N 136°40´E Kuwayt Maysān, E Iraq 32°26´N 47°12´E Kuwayt, Jūn al var. Kuwait Bay. bay E Kuwait Kuweit see Kuwait

79 H20 83 L23

77 Q15 186 M8 189 S6 55 W9 81 J21 77 U17 81 J21 79 H20

55°28´N 77°55´E Kuybyshev see Bolgar, Respublika Tatarstan, Russian Federation Kuybyshev see Samara Kuybysheve Rus. Kuybyshevo. Zaporiz’ka Oblast’, SE Ukraine 47°20´N 36°41´E Kuybyshevo see Kuybysheve Kuybyshev Reservoir see Kuybyshevskoye Vodokhranilishche Kuybyshevskaya Oblast’ see Samarskaya Oblast’ Kuybyshevskiy see Novoishimskiy Kuybyshevskoye Vodokhranilishche var. Kuibyshev, Eng. Kuybyshev Reservoir. d W Russian Federation Kuydusun Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 63°15´N 143°10´E Kuyeda Permskiy Kray, NW Russian Federation 56°23´N 55°19´E Kūysanjaq see Koye Kuytun Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 44°25´N 84°55´E Kuytun Irkutskaya Oblast’, S Russian Federation 54°18´N 101°28´E Kuyuwini Landing S Guyana 02°06´N 59°14´W Kuzi see Kuji Kuzitrin River j Alaska, USA Kuznetsk Penzenskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 53°06´N 46°27´E Kuznetsovs’k Rivnens’ka Oblast’, NW Ukraine 51°21´N 25°51´E Kuzumaki Iwate, Honshū, C Japan 40°04´N 141°26´E Kværndrup Syddtjylland, C Denmark 55°10´N 10°31´E Kvaløya island N Norway Kvalsund Finnmark, N Norway 70°30´N 23°56´E Kvam Oppland, S Norway 61°42´N 09°43´E Kvarkeno Orenburgskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 52°09´N 59°44´E Kvarnbergsvattnet var. Frostviken. c N Sweden Kvarner var. Carnaro, It. Quarnero. gulf W Croatia Kvarnerić channel W Croatia Kvichak Bay bay Alaska, USA Kvikkjokk Lapp. Huhttán. Norrbotten, N Sweden 66°58´N 17°45´E Kvina j S Norway Kvitøya island NE Svalbard Kvitseid Telemark, S Norway 59°23´N 08°31´E Kwa j W Dem. Rep. Congo KwaDukuza prev. Stanger. KwaZulu/Natal, E South Africa 29°20´S 31°18´E see also Stanger Kwadwokurom C Ghana 07°49´N 00°15´W Kwailibesi Malaita, N Solomon Islands 08°25´S 160°48´E Kwajalein Atoll var. Kuwajleen. atoll Ralik Chain, C Marshall Islands Kwakoegron Brokopondo, N Suriname 05°14´N 55°20´W Kwale Kwale, S Kenya 04°10´S 39°27´E Kwale Delta, S Nigeria 05°51´N 06°29´E Kwale r county SE Kenya Kwamouth Bandundu, W Dem. Rep. Congo 03°11´S 16°16´E Kwando see Cuando Kwangchow see Guangzhou Kwangchu see Gwangju Kwangju see Gwangju

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

Kwangju-gwangyŏksi see Gwangju 79 H20 Kwango Port. Cuango. j Angola/Dem. Rep. Congo see also Cuango Kwango see Cuango Kwangsi/Kwangsi Chuang Autonomous Region see Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu Kwangtung see Guangdong Kwangyuan see Guangyuan 81 F17 Kwania, Lake c C Uganda Kwanza see Cuanza 82 B11 Kwanza Norte prev. Cuanza Norte. r province NE Angola 82 B12 Kwanza Sul prev. Cuanza Sul. r province NE Angola 77 S15 Kwara r state SW Nigeria 83 K22 KwaZulu/Natal off. KwaZulu/Natal Province; prev. Natal. r province E South Africa KwaZulu/Natal Province see KwaZulu/Natal Kweichow see Guizhou Kweichu see Guiyang Kweilin see Guilin Kweisui see Hohhot Kweiyang see Guiyang 83 K17 Kwekwe prev. Que Que. Midlands, C Zimbabwe 18°56´S 29°49´E

83 G20 Kweneng r district S Botswana Kwesui see Hohhot 39 N12 Kwethluk Alaska, USA

147 U9 Kyrgyzstan off. Kyrgyz Republic, var. Kirghizia; prev. Kirgizskaya SSR, Kirghiz SSR, Republic of Kyrgyzstan. b republic C Asia Kyrgyzstan, Republic of see Kyrgyzstan 138 F11 Kyriat Gat prev. Qiryat Gat. Southern, C Israel 31°37´N 34°47´E 100 M11 Kyritz Brandenburg, NE Germany 52°56´N 12°24´E 94 G8 Kyrkseterøra Sør-Trøndelag, S Norway 63°17´N 09°06´E Kyrkslätt see Kirkkonummi 125 U8 Kyrta Respublika Komi, NW Russian Federation 64°03´N 57°41´E

111 J18 Kysucké Nové Mesto prev. Horné Nové Mesto, Ger. Kisutzaneustadtl, Oberneustadtl, Hung. Kiszucaújhely. Zílinský Kraj, N Slovakia 49°18´N 18°48´E 117 N12 Kytay, Ozero c SW Ukraine 115 F23 Kýthira var. Kíthira, It. Cerigo, Lat. Cythera. Kńythira, S Greece 115 F23 115 I20 115 I20

60°48´N 161°26´W

39 N12 Kwethluk River j Alaska, USA 110 J8 Kwidzyń Ger. Marienwerder. Pomorskie, N Poland 53°44´N 18°55´E

38 M13 Kwigillingok Alaska, USA 59°52´N 163°08´W 186 E9 Kwikila Central, S Papua New Guinea 09°51´S 147°43´E 79 I20 Kwilu j W Dem. Rep. Congo Kwito see Cuito

171 U12 Kwoka, Gunung l Papua Barat, E Indonesia 0°34´S 132°25´E

78 I12 Kyabé Moyen-Chari, S Chad 09°28´N 18°54´E

183 O11 Kyabram Victoria, SE Australia 36°21´S 145°05´E 166 M9 Kyaikkami prev. Amherst. Mon State, S Myanmar (Burma) 16°03´N 97°36´E 166 L9 Kyaiklat Ayeyawady, SW Myanmar (Burma) 16°25´N 95°42´E

166 M8 Kyaikto Mon State, S Myanmar (Burma) 17°16´N 97°01´E

123 N14 Kyakhta Respublika Buryatiya, S Russian Federation 50°25´N 106°13´E 182 G8 Kyancutta South Australia 167 T8 166 L5

166 M5 166 L8 166 J6 119 E14 152 I7 111 G19 115 J21 25 S11

33°10´S 135°33´E Ky Anh Ha Tinh, N Vietnam 18°05´N 106°16´E Kyaukpadaung Mandalay, C Myanmar (Burma) 20°50´N 95°08´E Kyaukpyu see Kyaunkpyu Kyaukse Mandalay, C Myanmar (Burma) 21°33´N 96°06´E Kyaunggon Ayeyawady, SW Myanmar (Burma) 17°04´N 95°12´E Kyaunkpyu var. Kyaukpyu. Rakhine State, W Myanmar (Burma) 19°27´N 93°33´E Kybartai Pol. Kibarty. Marijampolė, S Lithuania 54°37´N 22°44´E Kyelang Himāchal Pradesh, NW India 32°33´N 77°03´E Kyjov Ger. Gaya. Jihomoravský Kraj, SE Czech Republic 49°00´N 17°07´E Kykládes var. Kikládhes, Eng. Cyclades. island group SE Greece Kyle Texas, SW USA 29°59´N 97°52´W

96 G9 Kyle of Lochalsh N Scotland, United Kingdom 57°18´N 05°39´W

101 D18 Kyll j W Germany 115 F19 Kyllíni var. Killini. m S Greece 93 N20 Kymenlaakso Swe. Kymmenedalen. r region S Finland 115 H18 Kými prev. Kími. Évvoia, C Greece 38°38´N 24°06´E 93 M19 Kymijoki j S Finland 115 H18 Kýmis, Akrotírio headland Évvoia, C Greece 38°39´N 24°08´E

Kymmenedalen see Kymenlaakso 125 W14 Kyn Permskiy Kray, NW Russian Federation 57°48´N 58°38´E

183 N12 Kyneton Victoria, SE Australia 37°14´S 144°28´E 81 G17 Kyoga, Lake var. Lake Kioga. c C Uganda 164 J12 Kyōga-misaki headland Honshū, SW Japan 35°46´N 135°13´E

Kyogle New South Wales, SE Australia 28°37´S 153°00´E Kyŏnggi-man see Gyeonggi-man Kyŏngju see Gyeongju Kyŏngsŏng see Seoul Kyōsai-tō see Geogeum-do 81 F19 Kyotera S Uganda 183 V4

164 J13 164 J13

115 D21 115 D20 121 P3

115 H16

0°38´S 31°34´E Kyōto Kyōto, Honshū, SW Japan 35°01´N 135°46´E Kyōto off. Kyōto-fu, var. Kyōto Hu. r urban prefecture Honshū, SW Japan Kyōto-fu/Kyōto Hu see Kyōto Kyparissía var. Kiparissía. Pelopónnisos, S Greece 37°15´N 21°40´E Kyparissiakós Kólpos gulf S Greece Kyperounda see Kyperoúnta Kyperoúnta var. Kyperounda. C Cyprus 34°57´N 33°02´E Kypros see Cyprus Kyrá Panagía island Vóreies Sporádes, Greece, Aegean Sea Kyrenia see Girne Kyrenia Mountains see Beşparmak Dağları Kyrgyz Republic see Kyrgyzstan

Administrative Regions International Airport

115 I20

41°39´N 26°30´E Kýthira var. Kíthira, It. Cerigo, Lat. Cythera. island S Greece Kýthnos Kńythnos, Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea 37°24´N 24°28´E Kýthnos var. Kíthnos, Thermiá, It. Termia; anc. Cythnos. island Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea Kýthnou, Stenó strait Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea

Kyungëy Ala-Too, Khrebet see Kungei Ala-Tau Kyurdamir see Kürdämir 164 D15 Kyūshū var. Kyûsyû. island SW Japan 192 H6 Kyushu-Palau Ridge var. Kyusyu-Palau Ridge. undersea feature W Pacific Ocean 20°00´N 136°00´E

114 F10 Kyustendil anc. Pautalia. Kyustendil, W Bulgaria 42°17´N 22°42´E

114 G11 Kyustendil r province W Bulgaria Kyûsyû see Kyūshū Kyusyu-Palau Ridge see Kyushu-Palau Ridge 123 P8 Kyusyur Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 70°36´N 127°19´E 183 P10 Kywong New South Wales, SE Australia 34°59´S 146°42´E

Kyyiv Eng. Kiev, Rus. Kiyev. a (Ukraine) Kyyivs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 50°26´N 30°32´E Kyyiv see Kyyivs’ka Oblast’ 117 O4 Kyyivs’ka Oblast’ var. Kyyiv, Rus. Kiyevskaya Oblast’. r province N Ukraine 117 P3 Kyyivs’ke Vodoskhovyshche Eng. Kiev Reservoir, Rus. Kiyevskoye Vodokhranilishche. d N Ukraine 93 L16 Kyyjärvi Keski-Suomi, C Finland 63°02´N 24°34´E 122 K14 Kyzyl Respublika Tyva, C Russian Federation

117 P4

51°45´N 94°28´E 147 S8 Kyzyl-Adyr var. Kirovskoye. Talasskaya Oblast’, NW Kyrgyzstan 42°37´N 71°34´E 145 V14 Kyzylagash Kaz. Qyzylaghash. Almaty, SE Kazakhstan 45°20´N 78°45´E 146 C13 Kyzylbair Balkan Welaýaty, W Turkmenistan 38°13´N 55°38´E Kyzyl-Dzhiik, Pereval see Uzbel Shankou

Kyzylkak, Ozero c NE Kazakhstan 145 X11 Kyzylkesek Vostochnyy Kazakhstan, E Kazakhstan

145 S7

47°56´N 82°02´E 147 S10 Kyzyl-Kiya Kir. Kyzyl-Kyya. Batkenskaya Oblast’, SW Kyrgyzstan 40°15´N 72°07´E

144 L11 Kyzylkol’, Ozero c C Kazakhstan 122 K14 Kyzyl Kum var. Kizil Kum, Qizil Qum, Uzb. Qizilqum. desert Kazakhstan/Uzbekistan Kyzyl-Kyya see Kyzyl-Kiya 145 N15 Kyzylorda var. Kzyl-Orda, Qizil Orda, Qyzylorda; prev. Kzylorda, Perovsk. Kyzylorda, S Kazakhstan 44°54´N 65°31´E 144 L14 Kyzylorda off. Kyzylordinskaya Oblast’, Kaz. Qyzylorda Oblysy. r province S Kazakhstan

Kyzylordinskaya Oblast’ see Kyzylorda Kyzylrabat see Qizilravote Kyzylrabot see Qizilrabot Kyzylsu see Kyzyl-Suu 147 X7 Kyzyl-Suu prev. Pokrovka. Issyk-Kul’skaya Oblast’, NE Kyrgyzstan 42°20´N 77°55´E 147 S12 Kyzyl-Suu var. Kyzylsu. j Kyrgyzstan/Tajikistan 147 X8 Kyzyl-Tuu Issyk-Kul’skaya Oblast’, E Kyrgyzstan 42°06´N 76°54´E

145 Q12 Kyzylzhar Kaz. Qyzylzhar. Karaganda, C Kazakhstan 48°22´N 70°00´E Kzyl-Orda see Kyzylorda Kzylorda see Kyzylorda Kzyltu see Kishkenekol’

63 K15 109 S5 104 I11 105 O7 104 K14 105 P9

Mountain Mountain Range

27°10´N 13°11´W

126 L14 Laba j SW Russian Federation 40 M6 La Babia Coahuila, NE Mexico 28°39´N 102°00´W 15 R7 La Baie Québec, SE Canada

48°20´N 70°54´W 171 P16 Labala Pulau Lomblen, S Indonesia 08°30´S 123°27´E 62 K8 La Banda Santiago del Estero, N Argentina 27°44´S 64°14´W La Banda Oriental see Uruguay 104 K4 La Bañeza Castilla y León, N Spain 42°18´N 05°54´W 167 T11 Labăng prev. Phumĭ Labăng. Rôtânôkiri, NE Cambodia 13°51´N 107°01´E 40 M13 La Barca Jalisco, SW Mexico 20°20´N 102°33´W

40 K14 La Barra de Navidad Jalisco, C Mexico 19°12´N 104°38´W

187 Y13 Labasa prev. Lambasa. Vanua Levu, N Fiji 16°25´S 179°24´E

102 H8 la Baule-Escoublac Loire-Atlantique, NW France 76 I13 15 N11 23 X14 10 H7

112 A10 126 L14 105 X5 119 P16

15 S4 171 P4

111 N18 108 D11 45 T12 102 J14 62 L12 13 Q7 64 I6

Volcano River

47°17´N 02°24´W Labé NW Guinea 11°19´N 12°17´W Labe see Elbe Labelle Québec, SE Canada 46°15´N 74°43´W La Belle Florida, SE USA 26°45´N 81°26´W Laberge, Lake c Yukon, W Canada Labes see Łobez Labiau see Polessk Labin It. Albona. Istra, NW Croatia 45°05´N 14°10´E Labinsk Krasnodarskiy Kray, SW Russian Federation 44°39´N 40°43´E

La Bisbal d’Empordà Cataluña, NE Spain

41°58´N 03°02´E Labkovichy Rus. Lobkovichi. Mahilyowskaya Voblasts’, E Belarus 53°50´N 31°45´E La Blache, Lac de c Québec, SE Canada Labo Luzon, N Philippines 14°10´N 122°47´E Laboehanbadjo see Labuhanbajo Laborca see Laborec Laborec Hung. Laborca. j E Slovakia La Borgne j S Switzerland Laborie SW Saint Lucia 13°45´N 61°00´W Labouheyre Landes, SW France 44°12´N 00°55´W Laboulaye Córdoba, C Argentina 34°05´S 63°20´W Labrador cultural region Newfoundland and Labrador, SW Canada Labrador Basin var. Labrador Sea Basin. undersea feature Labrador Sea 53°00´N 48°00´W

13 N9 Labrador City Newfoundland and Labrador, E Canada 52°56´N 66°52´W 13 Q5 Labrador Sea sea NW Atlantic Ocean Labrador Sea Basin see Labrador Basin Labrang see Xiahe 54 G9 Labranzagrande Boyacá, C Colombia 05°34´N 72°34´W 59 D14 Lábrea Amazonas, N Brazil 45 U15 15 S6 102 K14 108 C9 103 N15

169 T7

Laa an der Thaya Niederösterreich, NE Austria 48°44´N 16°23´E La Adela La Pampa, SE Argentina 38°57´S 64°02´W Laagen see Numedalslågen Laakirchen Oberösterreich, N Austria 47°59´N 13°49´E Laaland see Lolland La Albuera Extremadura, W Spain 38°43´N 06°49´W La Alcarria physical region C Spain La Algaba Andalucía, S Spain 37°27´N 06°01´W La Almarcha CastillaLa Mancha, C Spain 39°41´N 02°23´W

La Almunia de Doña

Godina Aragón, NE Spain 41°28´N 01°23´W

41 N5 La Amistad, Presa d NW Mexico 118 F4 Läänemaa var. Lääne Maakond. r province NW Estonia Lääne Maakond see Läänemaa 118 I3 Lääne-Virumaa off. LääneViru Maakond. r province NE Estonia Lääne-Viru Maakond see Lääne-Virumaa 62 J9 La Antigua, Salina salt lake W Argentina 99 E17 Laarne Oost-Vlaanderen, NW Belgium 51°03´N 03°50´E 80 O13 Laas Caanood Sool, N Somalia 08°33´N 47°44´E 41 O9 La Ascensión Nuevo León, NE Mexico 24°15´N 99°53´W 80 N12 Laas Dhaareed Togdheer, N Somalia 10°12´N 46°09´E 55 O4 La Asunción Nueva Esparta, NE Venezuela 11°06´N 63°53´W Laatokka see Ladozhskoye, Ozero 100 I13 Laatzen Niedersachsen, NW Germany 52°19´N 09°46´E 38 E9 La‘au Point var. Laau Point. headland Moloka‘i, Hawai‘i, USA 21°06´N 157°18´W Laau Point see La‘au Point 42 D6 La Aurora k (Ciudad de Guatemala) Guatemala, C Guatemala 14°33´N 90°30´W 74 C9 Laâyoune var. Aaiún. a (Western Sahara) NW Western Sahara

168 M11

L 109 X2

105 R6

169 T7 169 T7 171 N16 168 J9 168 G8

169 V7

07°20´S 64°46´W La Brea Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago 10°14´N 61°37´W Labrieville Québec, SE Canada 49°15´N 69°31´W Labrit Landes, SW France 44°03´N 00°29´W La Broye j SW Switzerland Labruguière Tarn, S France 43°32´N 02°15´E Labu Pulau Singkep, W Indonesia 0°34´S 104°24´E Labuan var. Victoria. Labuan, East Malaysia 05°20´N 115°14´E Labuan r federal territory East Malaysia Labuan see Labuan, Pulau Labuan, Pulau var. Labuan. island East Malaysia Labudalin see Ergun Labuhanbajo prev. Laboehanbadjo. Flores, S Indonesia 08°33´S 119°55´E Labuhanbilik Sumatera, N Indonesia 02°30´N 100°10´E Labuhanhaji Sumatera, W Indonesia 03°31´N 97°00´E Labuk see Labuk, Sungai Labuk Bay see Labuk, Teluk Labuk, Sungai var. Labuk. j East Malaysia

Lake Reservoir

169 W6 Labuk, Teluk var. Labuk Bay, Telukan Labuk. bay S Sulu Sea Labuk, Telukan see Labuk, Teluk 166 K9 Labutta Ayeyawady, SW Myanmar (Burma) 122 I8

16°08´N 94°45´E

Labytnangi YamaloNenetskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug, N Russian Federation 66°39´N 66°26´E

113 K19 Laç var. Laci. Lezhë, C Albania 41°37´N 19°37´E 78 F10 Lac off. Région du Lac. r region W Chad 57 K19 Lacajahuira, Rio j W Bolivia La Calamine see Kelmis 62 G11 La Calera Valparaíso, C Chile 32°47´S 71°16´W

13 P11 Lac-Allard Québec, E Canada 50°37´N 63°26´W

104 L13 La Campana Andalucía, S Spain 37°35´N 05°24´W 102 J12 Lacanau Gironde, SW France 44°59´N 01°04´W

Lacandón, Sierra del m Guatemala/Mexico La Cañiza see A Cañiza 41 W16 Lacantún, Río j SE Mexico 103 Q3 la Capelle Aisne, N France 42 C2

49°58´N 03°55´E

112 K10 Laćarak Vojvodina, NW Serbia 45°00´N 19°34´E 62 L11 La Carlota Córdoba, C Argentina 33°30´S 63°15´W 104 L13 La Carlota Andalucía, S Spain 37°40´N 04°56´W 105 N12 La Carolina Andalucía, S Spain 38°15´N 03°37´W 103 O15 Lacaune Tarn, S France 15 P7

43°42´N 02°42´E

Lac-Bouchette Québec, SE Canada 48°14´N 72°11´W

Laccadive Islands/ Laccadive Minicoy and Amindivi Islands, the see Lakshadweep 11 Y16 Lac du Bonnet Manitoba, S Canada 50°13´N 96°04´W 30 L4 Lac du Flambeau Wisconsin, N USA 45°58´N 89°51´W 15 P8 Lac-Édouard Québec, SE Canada 47°39´N 72°16´W 42 I4 La Ceiba Atlántida, N Honduras 15°45´N 86°29´W 54 E9 La Ceja Antioquia, W Colombia 06°02´N 75°30´W 182 J11 Lacepede Bay bay South Australia 32 G9 Lacey Washington, NW USA 47°01´N 122°49´W

103 P12 la Chaise-Dieu Haute-Loire, C France 45°19´N 03°41´E 114 G13 Lachanás Kentrikí Makedonía, N Greece 40°57´N 23°15´E

124 L11 Lacha, Ozero c NW Russian Federation 103 O8 la Charité-sur-Loire Nièvre, C France 47°10´N 02°59´E 103 N9 la Châtre Indre, C France 108 C8

108 183 43 15 15

137 103 18 11 15

40 11 30 43

46°35´N 01°59´E

La Chaux-de-Fonds

Neuchâtel, W Switzerland 47°07´N 06°51´E Lach Dera see Dheere Laaq G8 Lachen Schwyz, C Switzerland 47°12´N 08°51´E Q8 Lachlan River j New South Wales, SE Australia T15 La Chorrera West Panamá, C Panama 08°51´N 79°46´W V7 Lac-Humqui Québec, SE Canada 48°21´N 67°32´W N12 Lachute Québec, SE Canada 45°39´N 74°21´W Lachyn see Laçın Laci see Laç W13 Laçın Rus. Lachyn. SW Azerbaijan 39°36´N 46°34´E S16 la Ciotat anc. Citharista. Bouches-du-Rhône, SE France 43°10´N 05°36´E D10 Lackawanna New York, NE USA 42°49´N 78°49´W Q13 Lac La Biche Alberta, SW Canada 54°46´N 111°59´W Lac la Martre see Wha Ti R12 Lac-Mégantic var. Mégantic. Québec, SE Canada 45°35´N 70°53´W Lacobriga see Lagos G5 La Colorada Sonora, NW Mexico 28°49´N 110°32´W Q15 Lacombe Alberta, SW Canada 52°30´N 113°42´W L12 Lacon Illinois, N USA 41°01´N 89°24´W P16 La Concepción var. Concepción. Chiriquí, W Panama 08°31´N 82°39´W

54 H5 La Concepción Zulia, NW Venezuela 10°48´N 71°46´W

107 C19 Laconi Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 39°52´N 09°02´E

19 O9 Laconia New Hampshire, NE USA 43°32´N 71°29´W 61 H19 La Coronilla Rocha, E Uruguay 33°44´S 53°31´W La Coruña see A Coruña 103 O11 la Courtine Creuse, C France 45°42´N 02°18´E

102 J16 Lacq Pyrénées-Atlantiques, SW France 43°25´N 00°37´W Lac, Région du see Lac 15 P9 La Croche Québec, SE Canada 47°38´N 72°42´W 29 X3 la Croix, Lac c Canada/USA 26 K5 La Crosse Kansas, C USA 21 V7 32 L9 30 J7 54 C13 42 K12 40 I10 61 F19

38°32´N 99°19´W

La Crosse Virginia, NE USA

36°41´N 78°03´W La Crosse Washington, NW USA 46°48´N 117°51´W La Crosse Wisconsin, N USA 43°46´N 91°12´W La Cruz Nariño, SW Colombia 01°33´N 76°58´W La Cruz Guanacaste, NW Costa Rica 11°05´N 85°39´W La Cruz Sinaloa, W Mexico 23°53´N 106°53´W La Cruz Florida, S Uruguay 33°54´S 56°11´W

42 M9 La Cruz de Río Grande Región Autónoma Atlántico Sur, E Nicaragua 13°04´N 84°12´W

La Cruz de Taratara Falcón, N Venezuela 11°03´N 69°44´W 15 Q10 Lac-St-Charles Québec, SE Canada 46°56´N 71°24´W 40 M6 La Cuesta Coahuila, NE Mexico 28°45´N 102°26´W 54 J4

275

La Cumbra, VoLCán – L’anoia 57 A17 La Cumbra, Volcán i Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, E Pacific Ocean 0°21´S 91°30´W

Ladākh Range m NE India Ladder Creek j Kansas, C USA 45 X10 la Désirade atoll E Guadeloupe Lādhiqīyah, Muḩāfaat al see Al Lādhiqīyah Lådik see Lødingen 83 F25 Ladismith Western Cape, SW South Africa 152 J5 26 I5

33°30´S 12°15´E

104 G14 Lagoa Faro, S Portugal

61 I14 137 V10 42 C7 107 M19 63 G16

152 G11 Lādnūn Rājasthān, NW India

77 S16

Ladoga, Lake see Ladozhskoye, Ozero E19 Ládon j S Greece E9 La Dorada Caldas, C Colombia 05°28´N 74°41´W H11 Ladozhskoye, Ozero Eng. Lake Ladoga, Fin. Laatokka. c NW Russian Federation R12 Ladron Peak l New Mexico, SW USA 34°25´N 107°04´W J11 Ladva-Vetka Respublika Kareliya, NW Russian Federation 61°18´N 34°24´E Q15 Lady Barron Tasmania, SE Australia 40°12´S 148°12´E G9 Lady Evelyn Lake c Ontario, S Canada W11 Lady Lake Florida, SE USA

104 F14

27°36´N 74°26´E

115 54 124 37 124 183 14 23

28°55´N 81°55´W

10 L17 Ladysmith Vancouver Island, British Columbia, SW Canada 48°55´N 123°45´W

83 J22 Ladysmith KwaZulu/Natal, E South Africa 28°34´S 29°47´E 30 J5 Ladysmith Wisconsin, N USA 45°27´N 91°07´W Ladyzhenka see Tilekey 186 E7 Lae Morobe, W Papua New Guinea 06°45´S 147°00´E 189 R6 Lae Atoll atoll Ralik Chain, W Marshall Islands 40 C3 La Encantada, Cerro de l NW Mexico

31°03´N 115°25´W 55 N11 La Esmeralda Amazonas, S Venezuela 03°11´N 65°33´W 42 G7 La Esperanza Intibucá, SW Honduras 14°19´N 88°09´W 30 K8 La Farge Wisconsin, N USA 43°36´N 90°39´W 23 R5 Lafayette Alabama, S USA 32°54´N 85°24´W 37 T4 Lafayette Colorado, C USA 39°59´N 105°06´W 23 R2 La Fayette Georgia, SE USA 34°42´N 85°16´W 31 O13 Lafayette Indiana, N USA 40°25´N 86°52´W 22 I9 Lafayette Louisiana, S USA 30°13´N 92°01´W 20 K8 Lafayette Tennessee, S USA 36°31´N 86°01´W 19 N7 Lafayette, Mount l New Hampshire, NE USA 44°09´N 71°37´W La Fe see Santa Fé 103 P3 la Fère Aisne, N France 49°41´N 03°20´E 102 L6 la Ferté-Bernard Sarthe, NW France 48°13´N 00°40´E 102 K5 la Ferté-Macé Orne, N France 48°35´N 00°21´W 103 N7 la Ferté-St-Aubin Loiret, C France 47°42´N 01°57´E

103 P5

77 V15 77 T15 11 T17 102 K7 109 X7 187 P17 20 M8 15 N12 22 K10 62 K6 54 H7 104 J7 186 C7 61 B15 127 Q14

95 L20 95 K21 92 L2 37 R7 171 O2 78 F13 78 F13 100 H13 94 H12 61 J14

149 R4 74 J6 105 Q10 115 E21 114 G13

115 E20 54 F6 41 O7 92 N3

276

la Ferté-sous-Jouarre Seine-et-Marne, N France 48°57´N 03°08´E Lafia Nassarawa, C Nigeria 08°29´N 08°34´E Lafiagi Kwara, W Nigeria 08°52´N 05°25´E Lafleche Saskatchewan, S Canada 49°40´N 106°28´W la Flèche Sarthe, NW France 47°42´N 00°04´W Lafnitz Hung. Lapines. j Austria/Hungary La Foa Province Sud, S New Caledonia 21°46´S 165°49´E La Follette Tennessee, S USA 36°22´N 84°07´W Lafontaine Québec, SE Canada 45°52´N 74°01´W Lafourche, Bayou j Louisiana, S USA La Fragua Santiago del Estero, N Argentina 26°06´S 64°06´W La Fría Táchira, NW Venezuela 08°13´N 72°15´W La Fuente de San Esteban Castilla y León, N Spain 40°48´N 06°14´W Lagaip j W Papua New Guinea La Gallareta Santa Fe, C Argentina 29°34´S 60°23´W Lagan’ prev. Kaspiyskiy. Respublika Kalmykiya, SW Russian Federation 45°25´N 47°19´E Lagan Kronoberg, S Sweden 56°55´N 14°01´E Lågan j S Sweden Lagarfljót var. Lögurinn. c E Iceland La Garita Mountains m Colorado, C USA Lagawe Luzon, N Philippines 16°46´N 121°06´E Lagdo Nord, N Cameroon 09°12´N 13°43´E Lagdo, Lac de c N Cameroon Lage Nordrhein-Westfalen, W Germany 52°00´N 08°48´E Lågen j S Norway Lages Santa Catarina, S Brazil 27°45´S 50°16´W Lágesvuotna see Laksefjorden Laghmān r province E Afghanistan Laghouat N Algeria 33°49´N 02°59´E La Gineta CastillaLa Mancha, C Spain 39°08´N 02°00´W Lagkáda var. Langada. Pelopónnisos, S Greece 36°49´N 22°19´E Lagkadás var. Langades, Langadhás. Kentrikí Makedonía, N Greece 40°45´N 23°04´E Lagkádia var. Langádhia, cont. Langadia. Pelopónnisos, S Greece 37°40´N 22°01´E La Gloria Cesar, N Colombia 08°37´N 73°51´W La Gloria Nuevo León, NE Mexico Lågneset headland W Svalbard 77°46´N 13°44´E

77 S16 40 M12 74 A12 92 O1 32 L11 103 Q14 12 K9 23 R4 31 P11 20 L5 27 V2 21 V10 25 U11 105 N7 55 Q9 54 H7

15 R11 65 L6 54 G4

37°07´N 08°27´W La Goagira see La Guajira Lago Agrio see Nueva Loja Lagoa Vermelha Rio Grande do Sul, S Brazil 28°13´S 51°32´W Lagodekhi SE Georgia 41°49´N 46°15´E La Gomera Escuintla, S Guatemala 14°05´N 91°03´W Lagone see Logone Lagonegro Basilicata, S Italy 40°06´N 15°42´E Lago Ranco Los Ríos, S Chile 40°21´S 72°29´W Lagos Lagos, SW Nigeria 06°24´N 03°17´E Lagos anc. Lacobriga. Faro, S Portugal 37°05´N 08°40´W Lagos r state SW Nigeria Lagos de Moreno Jalisco, SW Mexico 21°21´N 101°55´W Lagosta see Lastovo Lagouira SW Western Sahara 20°55´N 17°05´W Lågøya island N Svalbard La Grande Oregon, NW USA 45°21´N 118°05´W la Grande-Combe Gard, S France 44°13´N 04°01´E La Grande Rivière var. Fort George. j Québec, SE Canada La Grange Georgia, SE USA 33°02´N 85°02´W Lagrange Indiana, N USA 41°38´N 85°25´W La Grange Kentucky, S USA 38°24´N 85°23´W La Grange Missouri, C USA 40°00´N 91°31´W La Grange North Carolina, SE USA 35°18´N 77°47´W La Grange Texas, SW USA 29°55´N 96°54´W La Granja Castilla y León, N Spain 40°53´N 04°01´W La Gran Sabana grassland E Venezuela La Grita Táchira, NW Venezuela 08°09´N 71°58´W La Grulla see Grulla La Guadeloupe Québec, SE Canada 45°57´N 70°56´W La Guaira Distrito Federal, N Venezuela 10°35´N 66°52´W La Guajira off. Departamento de La Guajira, var. Guajira, La Goagira. r province NE Colombia

Lagua Lichan, Punta headland Saipan, S Northern Mariana Islands Laguardia Basq. Biasteri. País Vasco, N Spain

188 I4 105 P4

78 H12 Laï prev. Behagle, De Behagle. Tandjilé, S Chad 167 Q5

38 D9

102 L5 103 Q7 93 K17 81 I19 83 F25 109 U2 96 I7 81 I17 127 R4

92 H13 93 K19 161 P5 161 R4 161 R4 161 O3 161 R4 161 Q4 37 S8 61 I15 112 L12 111 K23 40 I6 37 V7 92 J13

42°32´N 02°31´W

18 K14 La Guardia k (New York) Long Island, New York, NE USA 40°44´N 73°51´W La Guardia/Laguardia see A Guarda La Gudiña see A Gudiña 103 O9 la Guerche-sur-l’Aubois Cher, C France 46°55´N 03°00´E 103 O13 Laguiole Aveyron, S France 83 F26 61 K14 37 Q11 35 T16 35 Y17 40 L7

44°42´N 02°51´E L’Agulhas var. Agulhas. Western Cape, SW South Africa 34°49´S 20°01´E Laguna Santa Catarina, S Brazil 28°29´S 48°45´W Laguna New Mexico, SW USA 35°03´N 107°30´W Laguna Beach California, W USA 33°32´N 117°46´W Laguna Dam dam Arizona/ California, W USA Laguna El Rey Coahuila, N Mexico

35 V17 Laguna Mountains m California, W USA 61 B17 Laguna Paiva Santa Fe, C Argentina 31°21´S 60°40´W 62 H3 Lagunas Tarapacá, N Chile

169 W7 169 W7

38 F10 168 L14

62 G9 141 S13 141 O16 142 M3 119 I19

101 F18 95 J21 95 J21

187 Z14 29 S10 23 V9 183 P8 22 G9 27 X9 37 Q7 23 V9 29 U13 31 P7

05°15´S 75°24´W

21 T13

08°31´N 71°24´W La Habana var. Havana. a (Cuba) Ciudad de La Habana, W Cuba 23°07´N 82°25´W Lahad Datu Sabah, East Malaysia 05°01´N 118°20´E Lahad Datu, Teluk var. Telukan Lahad Datu, Teluk Darvel, Teluk Datu; prev. Darvel Bay. bay Sabah, East Malaysia, C Pacific Ocean Lahad Datu, Telukan see Lahad Datu, Teluk Lahaina Maui, Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 20°52´N 156°40´W Lahat Sumatera, W Indonesia 03°46´S 103°32´E La Haye see ’s-Gravenhage Lahej see Laḩij La Higuera Coquimbo, N Chile 29°33´S 71°15´W Lahī, Ḩisā’ al spring/well NE Yemen 17°28´N 50°05´E Laḩij var. Laḩj, Eng. Lahej. SW Yemen 13°04´N 44°55´E Lāhījān Gīlān, NW Iran 37°12´N 50°00´E Lahishyn Pol. Lohiszyn, Rus. Logishin. Brestskaya Voblasts’, SW Belarus 52°20´N 25°59´E Laḩj see Laḩij Lahn j W Germany Lähn see Wleń Laholm Halland, S Sweden 56°30´N 13°05´E Laholmsbukten bay S Sweden

Lahontan Reservoir d Nevada, W USA 149 W8 Lahore Punjab, NE Pakistan 35 R6

187 Z15

29 W9

57 M20 Lagunillas Santa Cruz, SE Bolivia 19°38´S 63°39´W 54 H6 Lagunillas Mérida, NW Venezuela 44 C4

22 H9

21°01´S 69°36´W

Lagunas Loreto, N Peru

56 E9

29 P12

31°36´N 74°18´E

149 W8 Lahore k Punjab, E Pakistan 31°34´N 74°22´E

55 Q6 La Horqueta Delta Amacuro, NE Venezuela 09°13´N 62°02´W 119 K15 Lahoysk Rus. Logoysk. Minskaya Voblasts’, C Belarus 54°12´N 27°53´E

101 F22 Lahr Baden-Württemberg, S Germany 48°21´N 07°52´E 93 M19 Lahti Swe. Lahtis. PäijätHäme, S Finland 61°N 25°40´E Lahtis see Lahti 40 M14 La Huacana Michoacán, SW Mexico 18°56´N 101°52´W 40 K14 La Huerta Jalisco, SW Mexico 19°29´N 104°40´W

Country Country Capital

29 Q7 20 M8 10 L17 29 U10 25 T6 97 K15 18 D10 29 T11

Lake Fork Reservoir c Texas, SW USA M9 Lake Geneva Wisconsin, N USA 42°36´N 88°25´W L9 Lake George New York, NE USA 43°25´N 73°45´W Lake Harbour see Kimmirut I12 Lake Havasu City Arizona, SW USA 34°26´N 114°20´W W12 Lake Jackson Texas, SW USA

25 V6 30 18 36 25

09°22´N 16°14´E Laibach see Ljubljana Lai Châu Lai Châu, N Vietnam 22°04´N 103°10´E Laichow Bay see Laizhou Wan Lā‘ie var. Laie. O‘ahu, Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 21°39´N 157°55´W Laie see Lā‘ie l’Aigle Orne, N France 48°46´N 00°37´E Laignes Côte d’Or, C France 47°51´N 04°24´E Laihia Österbotten, W Finland 62°58´N 22°00´E Laikipia r county C Kenya Laila see Laylā Laingsburg Western Cape, SW South Africa 33°12´S 20°51´E Lainsitz Cz. Lužnice. j Austria/Czech Republic Lairg N Scotland, United Kingdom 58°02´N 04°23´W Laisamis Marsabit, N Kenya 01°35´N 37°49´E Laisberg see Leisi Laishevo Respublika Tatarstan, W Russian Federation 55°26´N 49°27´E Laisholm see Jõgeva Laisvall Norrbotten, N Sweden 66°07´N 17°10´E Laitila Varsinais-Suomi, SW Finland 60°52´N 21°40´E Laiwu Shandong, E China 36°14´N 117°40´E Laixi var. Shuiji. Shandong, E China 36°50´N 120°40´E Laiyang Shandong, E China 36°58´N 120°40´E Laiyuan Hebei, E China 39°19´N 114°44´E Laizhou var. Ye Xian. Shandong, E China 37°12´N 120°01´E Laizhou Wan var. Laichow Bay. bay E China La Jara Colorado, C USA 37°16´N 105°57´W Lajeado Rio Grande do Sul, S Brazil 29°28´S 52°00´W Lajkovac Serbia, C Serbia 44°22´N 20°12´E Lajosmizse Bács-Kiskun, C Hungary 47°02´N 19°31´E Lajta see Leitha La Junta Chihuahua, N Mexico 28°30´N 107°20´W La Junta Colorado, C USA 37°59´N 103°34´W Lakaträsk Norrbotten, N Sweden 66°16´N 21°10´E Lak Dera see Dheere Laaq Lakeamu see Lakekamu Lake Andes South Dakota, N USA 43°08´N 98°33´W Lake Arthur Louisiana, S USA 30°04´N 92°40´W Lakeba prev. Lakemba. island Lau Group, E Fiji Lakeba Passage channel E Fiji Lake Benton Minnesota, N USA 44°15´N 96°17´W Lake Butler Florida, SE USA 30°01´N 82°20´W Lake Cargelligo New South Wales, SE Australia 33°21´S 146°25´E Lake Charles Louisiana, S USA 30°14´N 93°13´W Lake City Arkansas, C USA 35°50´N 90°28´W Lake City Colorado, C USA 38°01´N 107°18´W Lake City Florida, SE USA 30°12´N 82°39´W Lake City Iowa, C USA 42°16´N 94°43´W Lake City Michigan, N USA 44°22´N 85°12´W Lake City Minnesota, N USA 44°27´N 92°16´W Lake City South Carolina, SE USA 33°52´N 79°45´W Lake City South Dakota, N USA 45°42´N 97°22´W Lake City Tennessee, S USA 36°13´N 84°09´W Lake Cowichan Vancouver Island, British Columbia, SW Canada 48°50´N 124°04´W Lake Crystal Minnesota, N USA 44°07´N 94°13´W Lake Dallas Texas, SW USA 33°06´N 97°01´W Lake District physical region NW England, United Kingdom Lake Erie Beach New York, NE USA 42°37´N 79°04´W Lakefield Minnesota, N USA 43°40´N 95°10´W

29°01´N 95°25´W

186 D8 Lakekamu var. Lakeamu. j S Papua New Guinea 180 K13 Lake King Western Australia 33°09´S 119°46´E 23 V12 Lakeland Florida, SE USA 28°03´N 81°57´W 23 U7 Lakeland Georgia, SE USA 31°02´N 83°04´W

181 W4 Lakeland Downs Queensland, NE Australia 15°54´S 144°54´E

11 P16 Lake Louise Alberta, SW Canada 51°26´N 116°10´W Lakemba see Lakeba 29 V11 Lake Mills Iowa, C USA 43°25´N 93°31´W

39 Q10 Lake Minchumina Alaska, USA 63°55´N 152°25´W Lakemti see Nek’emtē 186 A7 Lake Murray Western, SW Papua New Guinea

06°35´S 141°28´E 31 R9 Lake Orion Michigan, N USA 42°46´N 83°14´W 190 B16 Lakepa NE Niue 18°59´S 169°48´E 29 T11 Lake Park Iowa, C USA 43°27´N 95°19´W 18 K7 Lake Placid New York, NE USA 44°16´N 73°57´W 18 K9 Lake Pleasant New York, NE USA 43°27´N 74°24´W 34 M6 Lakeport California, W USA 39°04´N 122°56´W

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

29 Q10 Lake Preston South Dakota, N USA 44°21´N 97°22´W 22 J5 Lake Providence Louisiana, S USA 32°48´N 91°10´W 185 E20 Lake Pukaki Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand

104 L14 La Luisiana Andalucía, S Spain 37°30´N 05°14´W 37 S14 La Luz New Mexico, SW USA

81 D14 Lakes var. El Buhayrat. r state C South Sudan 183 Q12 Lakes Entrance Victoria, SE Australia 37°52´S 147°58´E 37 N12 Lakeside Arizona, SW USA

62 J7

44°12´S 170°10´E

35 23 28 32 21 185 21 29 32 25 27 23 37 18 18 31 23 23

34°09´N 109°58´W V17 Lakeside California, W USA 32°50´N 116°55´W S9 Lakeside Florida, SE USA 30°22´N 84°18´W K13 Lakeside Nebraska, C USA 42°01´N 102°27´W E13 Lakeside Oregon, NW USA 43°34´N 124°10´W W6 Lakeside Virginia, NE USA 37°36´N 77°28´W Lake State see Michigan F20 Lake Tekapo Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand 44°01´S 170°29´E O10 Lake Toxaway North Carolina, SE USA 35°06´N 82°57´W T13 Lake View Iowa, C USA 42°18´N 95°04´W I16 Lakeview Oregon, NW USA 42°13´N 120°21´W O3 Lakeview Texas, SW USA 34°38´N 100°36´W W14 Lake Village Arkansas, C USA 33°20´N 91°19´W W12 Lake Wales Florida, SE USA 27°54´N 81°35´W T4 Lakewood Colorado, C USA 39°38´N 105°07´W K15 Lakewood New Jersey, NE USA 40°04´N 74°11´W C11 Lakewood New York, NE USA 42°03´N 79°19´W T11 Lakewood Ohio, N USA 41°28´N 81°48´W Y13 Lakewood Park Florida, SE USA 27°32´N 80°24´W Z14 Lake Worth Florida, SE USA 26°37´N 80°03´W

124 H11 Lakhdenpokh’ya Respublika Kareliya, NW Russian Federation 152 L11 154 J11 154 A9 119 K19 114 J11 26 I6 149 S7

115 F21 115 F22 76 M17 29 U11 29 P3 92 L8 92 K8 155 B21

155 C22

61°25´N 30°05´E Lakhīmpur Uttar Pradesh, N India 27°57´N 80°47´E Lakhnādon Madhya Pradesh, C India 22°34´N 79° 38´E Lakhnau see Lucknow Lakhpat Gujarāt, W India 23°49´N 68°54´E Lakhva Brestskaya Voblasts’, SW Belarus 52°13´N 27°06´E Laki var. Lŭki. Plovdiv, C Bulgaria 40°50´N 24°49´E Lakin Kansas, C USA 37°57´N 101°16´W Lakki var. Lakki Marwat. Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, NW Pakistan 32°35´N 70°58´E Lakki Marwat see Lakki Lakonía historical region S Greece Lakonikós Kólpos gulf S Greece Lakota S Ivory Coast 05°50´N 05°40´W Lakota Iowa, C USA 43°22´N 94°04´W Lakota North Dakota, N USA 48°02´N 98°20´W Lak Sao see Ban Lakxao Laksefjorden Lapp. Lágesvuotna. fjord N Norway Lakselv Lapp. Leavdnja. Finnmark, N Norway 70°02´N 24°57´E Lakshadweep prev. the Laccadive Minicoy and Amindivi Islands. r union territory India, N Indian Ocean Lakshadweep Eng. Laccadive Islands. island group India, N Indian Ocean

153 S17 Lakshmikāntapur West Bengal, NE India 22°05´N 88°19´E

32°58´N 105°56´W

107 D16 la Maddalena Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea

27 S7

La Libertad, Departamento de see La Libertad 62 G11 La Ligua Valparaíso, C Chile 31°30´S 71°16´W 139 U5 La‘lī Khān As Sulaymānīyah, E Iraq 34°58´N 45°36´E 104 H3 Lalín Galicia, NW Spain 42°40´N 08°06´W 102 L13 Lalinde Dordogne, SW France 44°52´N 00°42´E 104 K16 La Línea var. La Línea de la Concepción. Andalucía, S Spain 36°10´N 05°21´W

La Línea de la Concepción see La Línea 152 J14 Lalitpur Uttar Pradesh, N India 24°42´N 78°24´E 153 P11 Lalitpur Central, C Nepal 27°45´N 85°18´E

I9

42 I5 103 R12

44 I7 109 S5 168 I11 102 H5 79 D18 56 B11 56 A10

97 G17 186 G6 195 W6 29 T10 27 X4 31 18 171 106 33 104 187 45 182 54 35 37 25 107

171 187

37 S10

39°58´N 09°20´E

06°28´S 76°31´W La Masica Atlántida, NW Honduras 15°38´N 87°08´W Lamastre Ardèche, E France 45°00´N 04°32´E La Matepec see Santa Ana, Volcán de La Maya Santiago de Cuba, E Cuba 20°11´N 75°40´W Lambach Oberösterreich, N Austria 48°06´N 13°52´E Lambak Pulau Pini, W Indonesia 0°08´N 98°36´E Lamballe Côtes d’Armor, NW France 48°28´N 02°31´W Lambaréné Moyen-Ogooué, W Gabon 0°41´S 10°13´E Lambasa see Labasa Lambayeque Lambayeque, W Peru 06°42´S 79°55´W Lambayeque off. Departamento de Lambayeque. r department NW Peru

Lambayeque, Departamento de see Lambayeque Lambay Island Ir. Reachrainn. island E Ireland Lambert, Cape headland New Britain, E Papua New Guinea 04°15´S 151°31´E Lambert Glacier glacier Antarctica Lamberton Minnesota, N USA 44°14´N 95°15´W Lambert-Saint Louis k Missouri, C USA

188 B16 Lamlam, Mount l SW Guam 13°20´N 144°40´E 109 Q6 Lammer j E Austria 185 E23 Lammerlaw Range m South Island, New Zealand 95 L20 Lammhult Kronoberg, S Sweden 57°09´N 14°35´E 93 L18 Lammi Kanta-Häme, S Finland 61°06´N 25°00´E 189 U11 Lamoil island Chuuk, C Micronesia 35 W3 Lamoille Nevada, W USA 40°47´N 115°37´W

18 M7 Lamoille River j Vermont, NE USA 30 J13 La Moine River j Illinois, N USA 171 P4 Lamon Bay bay Luzon, N Philippines 29 V16 Lamoni Iowa, C USA 40°37´N 93°56´W 35 R13 Lamont California, W USA 35°15´N 118°54´W 27 N8 Lamont Oklahoma, C USA 36°41´N 97°33´W 54 E13 La Montañita var. Montañita. Caquetá, S Colombia 01°22´N 75°25´W 43 N8 La Mosquitia var. Miskito Coast, Eng. Mosquito Coast. coastal region E Nicaragua 102 I9 la Mothe-Achard Vendée, NW France 46°37´N 01°37´W 188 L15 Lamotrek Atoll atoll Caroline Islands, C Micronesia 29 P6 La Moure North Dakota, N USA 46°21´N 98°17´W 167 O8 Lampang var. Muang Lampang. Lampang, NW Thailand 18°16´N 99°30´E

167 R9 25 S9

153 T12 Lalmanirhat Rājshāhi, N Bangladesh 25°51´N 89°34´E 11 R12 La Loche Saskatchewan, C Canada 56°31´N 109°27´W 102 M6 la Loupe Eure-et-Loir, C France 48°30´N 01°04´E 99 G20 La Louvière Hainaut, S Belgium 50°29´N 04°15´E L’Altissima see Hochwilde

25 S9

Administrative Regions International Airport

103 S13

38°43´N 90°19´W R11 Lambertville Michigan, N USA 41°46´N 83°37´W J15 Lambertville New Jersey, NE USA 40°20´N 74°55´W N12 Lambogo Sulawesi, N Indonesia 0°57´S 120°23´E D8 Lambro j N Italy W11 Lame Deer Montana, NW USA 45°37´N 106°37´W H6 Lamego Viseu, N Portugal 41°05´N 07°49´W Q14 Lamen Bay Épi, C Vanuatu 16°36´S 168°10´E X6 Lamentin Basse Terre, N Guadeloupe 16°16´N 61°38´W Lamentin see le Lamentin K10 Lameroo South Australia 35°22´S 140°30´E F10 La Mesa Cundinamarca, C Colombia 04°37´N 74°30´W U17 La Mesa California, W USA 32°44´N 117°00´W R16 La Mesa New Mexico, SW USA 32°03´N 106°41´W N6 Lamesa Texas, SW USA 32°43´N 101°57´W N21 Lamezia Terme Calabria, SE Italy 38°54´N 16°13´E F17 Lamía Stereá Elláda, C Greece 38°54´N 22°27´E O8 Lamitan Basilan Island, SW Philippines 06°40´N 122°07´E Y14 Lamiti Gau, C Fiji 18°00´S 179°20´E T11 Lamlam Papua Barat, E Indonesia 0°03´S 130°46´E

152 K10 Lālkua Uttarachal, N India 29°04´N 79°31´E

81 K20 43 N14

La Martre, Lac c Northwest Territories, NW Canada 56 D10 Lamas San Martín, N Peru 8

171

39°10´N 00°30´W 42 E8 La Libertad La Libertad, SW El Salvador 13°28´N 89°20´W* 42 E3 La Libertad Petén, N Guatemala 16°49´N 90°08´W 42 H6 La Libertad Comayagua, SW Honduras 14°43´N 87°36´W 40 E4 La Libertad var. Puerto Libertad. Sonora, NW Mexico 29°52´N 112°39´W 42 K10 La Libertad Chontales, S Nicaragua 12°12´N 85°10´W 42 A9 La Libertad r department SW El Salvador 56 B11 La Libertad off. Departamento de La Libertad. r department W Peru

38°40´N 102°37´W

Lamar Missouri, C USA

107 C19 La Marmora, Punta l Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea

83 P14 Lalaua Nampula, N Mozambique 14°21´S 38°16´E 105 S9 L’Alcora var. Alcora. Valenciana, E Spain 40°05´N 00°14´W

81 K20

37°30´N 94°18´W 21 S12 Lamar South Carolina, SE USA 34°10´N 80°03´W

115

105 S10 L’Alcúdia var. L’Alcudia. Valenciana, E Spain

16°26´S 167°47´E

37 W6 Lamar Colorado, C USA

112 G11 Laktaši r  Republika Srpska, N Bosnia and Herzegovina 149 V7 Lāla Mūsa Punjab, NE Pakistan 32°41´N 74°01´E la Laon see Laon 114 M11 Lalapaşa Edirne, NW Turkey 41°52´N 26°44´E

41°13´N 09°25´E

La Madrid Tucumán, N Argentina 27°37´S 65°16´W Lama-Kara see Kara 15 S8 La Malbaie Québec, SE Canada 47°39´N 70°11´W Lamam see Xékong 105 P10 La Mancha physical region C Spain la Manche see English Channel 187 R13 Lamap Malekula, C Vanuatu

101 G19 Lampertheim Hessen, W Germany 49°36´N 08°28´E 97 I20 Lampeter SW Wales, United Kingdom 52°08´N 04°04´W 167 O7 Lamphun var. Lampun, Muang Lamphun. Lamphun, NW Thailand 18°36´N 99°02´E 11 X10 Lamprey Manitoba, C Canada 58°18´N 94°06´W Lampun see Lamphun 168 M15 Lampung off. Propinsi Lampung. r province SW Indonesia Lampung, Propinsi see Lampung 126 K6 Lamskoye Lipetskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation

Lam Pao Reservoir d E Thailand Lampasas Texas, SW USA

38 E10

99 L18 171 Q7 96 J12 96 I13 104 L9 166 M13

97 K17 15 N13 97 K16 35 T14 20 M6 27 U1 19 O7 18 D10 31 T14 18 H16 21 R11 25 U7 21 X5 30 J9 197 N10

158 G14

147 T14

39°40´N 04°59´W Lanbi Kyun prev. Sullivan Island. island Mergui Archipelago, S Myanmar (Burma) Lancang Jiang see Mekong Lancashire cultural region N England, United Kingdom Lancaster Ontario, SE Canada 45°10´N 74°31´W Lancaster NW England, United Kingdom 54°03´N 02°48´W Lancaster California, W USA 34°42´N 118°08´W Lancaster Kentucky, S USA 37°35´N 84°34´W Lancaster Missouri, C USA 40°32´N 92°31´W Lancaster New Hampshire, NE USA 44°29´N 71°34´W Lancaster New York, NE USA 42°54´N 78°40´W Lancaster Ohio, N USA 39°42´N 82°36´W Lancaster Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°03´N 76°18´W Lancaster South Carolina, SE USA 34°43´N 80°47´W Lancaster Texas, SW USA 32°35´N 96°45´W Lancaster Virginia, NE USA 37°48´N 76°30´W Lancaster Wisconsin, N USA 42°52´N 90°43´W Lancaster Sound sound Nunavut, N Canada

101 E16

La Nava de Ricomalillo Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain

42°13´N 14°23´E

111 O16 Łańcut Podkarpackie, SE Poland 50°04´N 22°14´E 169 Q11 Landak, Sungai j Borneo, N Indonesia Landao see Lantau Island Landau see Landau an der Isar Landau see Landau in der Pfalz 101 N22 Landau an der Isar var. Landau. Bayern, SE Germany 48°40´N 12°41´E

101 F20 Landau in der Pfalz var. Landau. Rheinland-Pfalz, SW Germany 49°12´N 08°07´E Land Burgenland see Burgenland 108 K8 Landeck Tirol, W Austria 47°09´N 10°35´E

99 J19 Landen Vlaams Brabant, C Belgium 50°45´N 05°05´E 33 U15 Lander Wyoming, C USA

142 M3 11 V16 29 P2 103 P12 102 L8 80 I8 95 G25 99 B18 101 G18 101 J22 11 V16 108 L8

100 I12 100 I12 109 W3 108 E7 109 W6 109 X3 100 F9 95 H23 95 G16 95 G17 94 D10 161 P3 94 E9 29 Q8 168 I10 106 E9 97 K14 92 I3 168 I6 166 M14 14 L8 10 M17 167 S7

108 E8 103 Q13 102 K13

42°49´N 108°43´W

92 G10 158 G14

57°04´N 13°15´E

103 S7

Landerneau Finistère, NW France 48°27´N 04°16´W 95 K20 Landeryd Halland, S Sweden 102 J15 Landes r department SW France Landeshut/Landeshut in Schlesien see Kamienna Góra 105 R9 Landete Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 39°54´N 01°22´W 99 M18 Landgraaf Limburg, SE Netherlands 50°55´N 06°04´E 102 F5 Landivisiau Finistère, NW France 48°31´N 04°03´W Land Kärten see Kärnten Land of Enchantment see New Mexico The Land of Opportunity see Arkansas Land of Steady Habits see Connecticut Land of the Midnight Sun see Alaska 108 I8 Landquart Graubünden, SE Switzerland 46°58´N 09°35´E 108 J9 Landquart j Austria/ Switzerland 21 P10 Landrum South Carolina, SE USA 35°10´N 82°11´W Landsberg see Gorzów Wielkopolski, Lubuskie, Poland Landsberg see Górowo Iławeckie, WarmińskoMazurskie, NE Poland 101 K23 Landsberg am Lech Bayern, S Germany 48°03´N 10°52´E Landsberg an der Warthe see Gorzów Wielkopolski 97 G25 Land’s End headland SW England, United Kingdom 101 M22 Landshut Bayern, SE Germany 48°32´N 12°09´E Landskron see Lanškroun 95 J22 Landskrona Skåne, S Sweden 55°52´N 12°52´E

98 I10 Landsmeer Noord-Holland, C Netherlands 52°26´N 04°55´E 95 J19 Landvetter k (Göteborg) Västra Götaland, S Sweden

Volcano River

95 G21

146 M10

Lan-chou/Lan-chow/ Lanchow see Lanzhou 107 K14 Lanciano Abruzzo, C Italy

102 F5

108 C8

52°57´N 38°04´E Lamu Lamu, SE Kenya 02°17´S 40°54´E Lamu r county SE Kenya La Muerte, Cerro l C Costa Rica 09°33´N 83°47´W la Mure Isère, E France 44°54´N 05°48´E Lamy New Mexico, SW USA 35°27´N 105°52´W Lan’ j C Belarus Lāna‘i var. Lanai. island Hawai‘i, USA, C Pacific Ocean Lāna‘i City var. Lanai City. Lanai, Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 20°49´N 156°55´W Lanai City see Lāna‘i City Lanaken Limburg, NE Belgium 50°53´N 05°39´E Lanao, Lake var. Lake Sultan Alonto. c Mindanao, S Philippines Lanark S Scotland, United Kingdom 55°38´N 04°25´W Lanark cultural region C Scotland, United Kingdom

50°02´N 05°41´W

31°04´N 98°12´W Lampasas River j Texas, SW USA 41 N7 Lampazos var. Lampazos de Naranjo. Nuevo León, NE Mexico 27°00´N 100°28´W Lampazos de Naranjo see Lampazos 115 E19 Lámpeia Dytikí Elláda, S Greece 37°51´N 21°48´E

Mountain Mountain Range

119 J18 38 E10

23 R5

57°39´N 12°22´E Landwarów see Lentvaris

Lake Reservoir

103 R8 168 H8 93 H16 162 L12 95 M14 167 T5

167 N14 93 J14 25 N11 103 P16 103 P15 27 X10 93 I16 101 K22 160 J8 11 U15 116 K5 137 Y13 102 L16 102 G5 14 M11 105 V5

Lanett Alabama, S USA 32°52´N 85°11´W La Neuveville var. Neuveville, Ger. Neuenstadt. Neuchâtel, W Switzerland 47°05´N 07°03´E Langå var. Langaa. Midtjylland, C Denmark 56°23´N 09°55´E Langaa see Langå La’nga Co c W China Langada see Lagkáda Langades/Langadhás see Lagkadás Langádhia/ see Lagkádia Langar Rus. Lyangar. SE Tajikistan 37°04´N 72°39´E Langar Rus. Lyangar. Navoiy Viloyati, C Uzbekistan 40°27´N 65°54´E Langarūd Gīlān, NW Iran 37°10´N 50°09´E Langbank Saskatchewan, S Canada 50°01´N 102°16´W Langdon North Dakota, N USA 48°45´N 98°22´W Langeac Haute-Loire, C France 45°06´N 03°31´E Langeais Indre-et-Loire, C France 47°22´N 00°27´E Langeb, Wadi j NE Sudan Långed see Dals Långed Langeland island S Denmark Langemark WestVlaanderen, W Belgium 50°55´N 02°55´E Langen Hessen, W Germany 49°58´N 08°40´E Langenau BadenWürttemberg, S Germany 48°30´N 10°08´E Langenburg Saskatchewan, S Canada 50°50´N 101°43´W Längenfeld Tirol, W Austria 47°04´N 10°59´E Langenfeld NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 51°06´N 06°57´E Langenhagen Niedersachsen, N Germany 52°26´N 09°45´E Langenhagen k (Hannover) Niedersachsen, NW Germany 52°28´N 09°40´E Langenlois Niederösterreich, NE Austria 48°29´N 15°42´E Langenthal Bern, NW Switzerland 47°13´N 07°48´E Langenwang Steiermark, E Austria 47°34´N 15°39´E

Langenzersdorf Niederösterreich, E Austria 48°20´N 16°22´E Langeoog island NW Germany Langeskov Syddtjylland, C Denmark 55°22´N 10°36´E Langesund Telemark, S Norway 59°00´N 09°43´E Langesundsfjorden fjord S Norway Langevågen Møre og Romsdal, S Norway 62°26´N 06°15´E Langfang Hebei, E China 39°30´N 116°39´E Langfjorden fjord S Norway Langford South Dakota, N USA 45°36´N 97°48´W Langgapayung Sumatera, W Indonesia 01°42´N 99°57´E Langhirano EmiliaRomagna, C Italy 44°37´N 10°16´E Langholm S Scotland, United Kingdom 55°14´N 03°11´W Langjökull glacier C Iceland Langkawi, Pulau island Peninsular Malaysia Langkha Tuk, Khao l SW Thailand 09°19´N 98°39´E Langlade Québec, SE Canada 48°13´N 75°58´W Langley British Columbia, SW Canada 49°07´N 122°39´W Lang Mô Thanh Hoa, N Vietnam 19°36´N 105°30´E Langnau see Langnau im Emmental Langnau im Emmental var. Langnau. Bern, W Switzerland 46°57´N 07°47´E Langogne Lozère, S France 44°40´N 03°52´E Langon Gironde, SW France 44°33´N 00°14´W La Ngounié see Ngounié Langøya island C Norway Langqên Zangbo j China/ India Langreo see Llangréu Langres Haute-Marne, N France 47°53´N 05°20´E Langres, Plateau de plateau C France Langsa Sumatera, W Indonesia 04°30´N 97°53´E Långsele Västernorrland, C Sweden 63°11´N 17°05´E Lang Shan m N China Långshyttan Dalarna, C Sweden 60°26´N 16°02´E Lang Sn var. Langson. Lang Sn, N Vietnam 21°50´N 106°45´E Langson see Lang Sn Lang Suan Chumphon, SW Thailand 09°55´N 99°07´E Långträsk Norrbotten, N Sweden 65°22´N 20°19´E Langtry Texas, SW USA 29°46´N 101°25´W Languedoc cultural region S France Languedoc-Roussillon r region S France L’Anguille River j Arkansas, C USA Långviksmon Västernorrland, N Sweden 63°39´N 18°45´E Langweid Bayern, S Germany 48°29´N 10°50´E Langzhong Sichuan, C China 31°46´N 105°55´E Lan Hsü see Lan Yu Lanigan Saskatchewan, S Canada 51°50´N 105°01´W Lanivtsi Ternopil’s’ka Oblast’, W Ukraine 49°52´N 26°05´E Länkäran Rus. Lenkoran’. S Azerbaijan 38°46´N 48°51´E Lannemezan HautesPyrénées, S France 43°08´N 00°22´E Lannion Côtes d’Armor, NW France 48°44´N 03°27´W L’Annonciation Québec, SE Canada 46°22´N 74°51´W L’Anoia j NE Spain

LansdaLe – Lebanon 18 I15 Lansdale Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°14´N 75°13´W 14 L14 Lansdowne Ontario, SE Canada 44°25´N 76°00´W 152 K9 Lansdowne Uttarakhand, N India 29°50´N 78°42´E 30 M3 L’Anse Michigan, N USA 46°45´N 88°27´W

L’Anse-St-Jean Québec, SE Canada 48°14´N 70°13´W 29 Y11 Lansing Iowa, C USA 15 S7

27 R4 31 Q9

92 J12 111 G17 167 N16 161 O15

171 O11 107 D19 102 H7 163 W8 161 R10 161 T15

64 P11 159 V10

106 B8 171 O11 171 Q5 167 R5

163 160

97 163 64

103

54 64 57 167 161 163 60 103 54 42 43 64 104 61 61 61

55 119 61 62 57

42 40 61 57 42 42

40 42

43°22´N 91°11´W Lansing Kansas, C USA 39°15´N 94°54´W Lansing state capital Michigan, N USA 42°44´N 84°33´W Länsi-Suomi r province W Finland Lansjärv Norrbotten, N Sweden 66°39´N 22°10´E Lanškroun Ger. Landskron. Pardubický Kraj, E Czech Republic 49°55´N 16°38´E Lanta, Ko island S Thailand Lantau Island Cant. Tai Yue Shan, Chin. Landao. island Hong Kong, S China Lantian see Lianyuan Lan-ts’ang Chiang see Mekong Lantung, Gulf of see Liaodong Wan Lanu Sulawesi, N Indonesia 01°00´N 121°33´E Lanusei Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 39°55´N 09°31´E Lanvaux, Landes de physical region NW France Lanxi Heilongjiang, NE China 46°18´N 126°!5´E Lanxi Zhejiang, SE China 29°12´N 119°27´E La Nyanga see Nyanga Lan Yu var. Huoshao Tao, Hungt’ou, Lan Hsü, Lanyü, Eng. Orchid Island; prev. Kotosho, Koto Sho, Lan Yü. island SE Taiwan Lanyü see Lan Yu Lanzarote island Islas Canarias, Spain, NE Atlantic Ocean Lanzhou var. Lan-chou, Lanchow, Lan-chow; prev. Kaolan. province capital Gansu, C China 36°01´N 103°52´E Lanzo Torinese Piemonte, NE Italy 45°18´N 07°26´E Laoag Luzon, N Philippines 18°11´N 120°34´E Laoang Samar, C Philippines 12°29´N 125°01´E Lao Cai Lao Cai, N Vietnam 22°29´N 104°00´E

Laodicea/Laodicea ad Mare see Al Lādhiqīyah Laoet see Laut, Pulau T11 Laoha He j NE China M8 Laohekou var. Guanghua. Hubei, C China 32°20´N 111°42´E Laoi, An see Lee E19 Laois prev. Leix, Queen’s County. cultural region C Ireland W12 Lao Ling m N China Q11 La Oliva var. Oliva. Fuerteventura, Islas Canarias, Spain, NE Atlantic Ocean 28°36´N 13°53´W Lao, Loch see Belfast Lough Laolong see Longchuan Lao Mangnai see Mangnai P3 Laon var. la Laon; anc. Laudunum. Aisne, N France 49°34´N 03°37´E Lao People’s Democratic Republic see Laos M3 La Orchila, Isla island N Venezuela O11 La Orotava Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain, NE Atlantic Ocean 28°23´N 16°32´W E14 La Oroya Junín, C Peru 11°36´S 75°54´W Q7 Laos off. Lao People’s Democratic Republic. b republic SE Asia R5 Laoshan Wan bay E China Y10 Laoye Ling m NE China J12 Lapa Paraná, S Brazil 25°46´S 49°44´W P10 Lapalisse Allier, C France 46°13´N 03°39´E F9 La Palma Cundinamarca, C Colombia 05°23´N 74°24´W F7 La Palma Chalatenango, N El Salvador 14°19´N 89°10´W W16 La Palma Darién, SE Panama 08°24´N 78°09´W N11 La Palma island Islas Canarias, Spain, NE Atlantic Ocean J14 La Palma del Condado Andalucía, S Spain 37°23´N 06°33´W F18 La Paloma Durazno, C Uruguay 32°54´S 55°36´W G20 La Paloma Rocha, E Uruguay 34°37´S 54°08´W A21 La Pampa off. Provincia de La Pampa. r province C Argentina La Pampa, Provincia de see La Pampa P8 La Paragua Bolívar, E Venezuela 06°53´N 63°16´W O16 Lapatsichy Rus. Lopatichi. Mahilyowskaya Voblasts’, E Belarus 53°34´N 30°53´E C16 La Paz Entre Ríos, E Argentina 30°45´S 59°36´W I11 La Paz Mendoza, C Argentina 33°30´S 67°36´W J18 La Paz var. La Paz de Ayacucho. a (Bolivia-seat of government) La Paz, W Bolivia 16°30´S 68°13´W H6 La Paz La Paz, SW Honduras 14°20´N 87°40´W F9 La Paz Baja California Sur, NW Mexico 24°07´N 110°18´W F20 La Paz Canelones, S Uruguay 34°46´S 56°13´W J16 La Paz r department W Bolivia B9 La Paz r department S El Salvador G7 La Paz r department SW Honduras La Paz see El Alto, Bolivia La Paz see Robles, Colombia La Paz see La Paz Centro F9 La Paz, Bahía de bay NW Mexico I10 La Paz Centro var. La Paz. León, W Nicaragua 12°20´N 86°41´W

14 H8 Larder Lake Ontario, S Canada 48°06´N 79°44´W 105 O2 Laredo Cantabria, N Spain

La Paz de Ayacucho see La Paz 54 J15 La Pedrera Amazonas, SE Colombia 01°19´S 69°31´W 31 S9 Lapeer Michigan, N USA

43°23´N 03°22´W

25 Q15 Laredo Texas, SW USA

43°03´N 83°19´W 40 K6 La Perla Chihuahua, N Mexico 28°18´N 104°34´W 165 T1 La Pérouse Strait Jap. Sōya-kaikyō, Rus. Proliv Laperuza. strait Japan/Russian Federation 63 I14 La Perra, Salitral de salt lake C Argentina Laperuza, Proliv see La Pérouse Strait 41 Q10 La Pesca Tamaulipas, C Mexico 23°49´N 97°45´W

40 M13 La Piedad Cavadas Michoacán, C Mexico

104 K2 104 L3 104 L2 31 O11 18 H13 29 X13 62 J8 40 E8 93 K16 93 L16 93 N18 93 J17 92 L12

61 C23 25 P13 136 B11 121 P2

122 N6 93 K16 105 P3

103 U13 l’Argentière-la-Bessée Hautes-Alpes, SE France 44°49´N 06°34´E

27°55´N 82°47´W

02°33´N 75°55´W

15 S9

102 K13

35°36´N 66°48´E

21 W4 La Plata Maryland, NE USA

105 U4

98 J11

Largird see Lar Gerd 23 V12 Largo Florida, SE USA

173 P16 La Plaine-des-Palmistes C Réunion 92 K11 Lapland Fin. Lappi, Swe. Lappland. cultural region N Europe Lapland see Lappi 28 M8 La Plant South Dakota, N USA 45°06´N 100°40´W 61 D20 La Plata Buenos Aires, E Argentina 34°56´S 57°55´W 54 D12 La Plata Huila, SW Colombia

105 W4

98 N11

149 O4 Lar Gerd var. Largird. Balkh, N Afghanistan

20°20´N 102°01´W Lapines see Lafnitz 93 M16 Lapinlahti Pohjois-Savo, C Finland 63°21´N 27°25´E Lápithos see Lapta 22 K9 Laplace Louisiana, S USA 30°04´N 90°28´W 45 X12 La Plaine SE Dominica 15°20´N 61°15´W

45 U6

40 H9

27°30´N 99°30´W La Reforma Sinaloa, W Mexico 25°05´N 108°03´W Laren Gelderland, E Netherlands 52°12´N 06°22´E Laren Noord-Holland, C Netherlands 52°15´N 05°13´E la Réole Gironde, SW France 44°34´N 00°00´W La Réunion see Réunion Largeau see Faya

38°32´N 76°59´W La Plata see Sucre la Plata, Río de j C Puerto Rico La Pobla de Lillet Cataluña, NE Spain 42°15´N 01°57´E La Pobla de Segur Cataluña, NE Spain 42°15´N 00°58´E La Pocatière Québec, SE Canada 47°21´N 70°04´W La Pola prev. Pola de Lena. Asturias, N Spain 43°10´N 05°49´W La Pola de Gordón Castilla y León, N Spain 42°50´N 05°38´W La Pola Siero prev. Pola de Siero. Asturias, N Spain 43°24´N 05°39´W La Porte Indiana, N USA 41°36´N 86°43´W Laporte Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°25´N 76°29´W La Porte City Iowa, C USA 42°19´N 92°11´W La Posta Catamarca, C Argentina 27°59´S 65°32´W La Poza Grande Baja California Sur, NW Mexico 25°50´N 112°00´W Lappajärvi Etelä-Pohjanmaa, W Finland 63°13´N 23°40´E Lappajärvi c W Finland Lappeenranta Swe. Villmanstrand. Etelä-Karjala, SE Finland 61°04´N 28°15´E Lappfjärd Fin. Lapväärtti. Österbotten, W Finland 62°14´N 21°30´E Lappi Swe. Lappland, Eng. Lapland. r region N Finland Lappi/Lappland see Lapland Lappo see Lapua Laprida Buenos Aires, E Argentina 37°34´S 60°45´W La Pryor Texas, SW USA 28°56´N 99°51´W Lâpseki Çanakkale, NW Turkey 40°22´N 26°42´E Lapta Gk. Lápithos. NW Cyprus 35°20´N 33°11´E Laptev Sea see Laptevykh, More Laptevykh, More Eng. Laptev Sea. sea Arctic Ocean Lapua Swe. Lappo. EteläPohjanmaa, W Finland 62°57´N 23°E

La Puebla de Arganzón País Vasco, N Spain

37 Q9 Largo, Canon valley New Mexico, SW USA 44 D6 Largo, Cayo island W Cuba 23 Z17 Largo, Key island Florida Keys, Florida, SE USA 96 H12 Largs W Scotland, United Kingdom 55°48´N 04°50´W 102 I16 la Rhune var. Larrún. l France/Spain 43°19´N 01°36´W see also Larrún la Rhune see Larrún la Riege see Ariège 29 Q4 Larimore North Dakota, N USA 47°54´N 97°37´W 107 L15 Larino Molise, C Italy

41°46´N 14°50´E Lario see Como, Lago di 62 J9 La Rioja La Rioja, NW Argentina 29°26´S 66°50´W 62 I9 La Rioja off. Provincia de La Rioja. r province NW Argentina 105 O4 La Rioja r autonomous community N Spain La Rioja, Provincia de see La Rioja 115 F16 Lárisa var. Larissa. Thessalía, C Greece 39°38´N 22°27´E Larissa see Lárisa 149 Q13 Lārkāna var. Larkhana. Sind, SE Pakistan 27°32´N 68°18´E Larkhana see Lārkāna Larnaca see Lárnaka 121 Q3 Lárnaka var. Larnaca, Larnax. SE Cyprus 34°55´N 33°39´E 121 Q3 Lárnaka k SE Cyprus 34°52´N 33°38´E Larnax see Lárnaka 97 G14 Larne Ir. Latharna. E Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 54°51´N 05°49´W 26 L5 Larned Kansas, C USA 38°12´N 99°05´W 104 L3 La Robla Castilla y León, N Spain 42°48´N 05°37´W

104 J10 La Roca de la Sierra Extremadura, W Spain 39°06´N 06°41´W

99 K22 La Roche-en-Ardenne Luxembourg, SE Belgium 50°11´N 05°35´E

102 L11 la Rochefoucauld Charente, W France 45°43´N 00°23´E 102 J10 la Rochelle anc. Rupella. Charente-Maritime, W France 102 I9

46°09´N 01°07´W

la Roche-sur-Yon prev. Bourbon Vendée, NapoléonVendée. Vendée, NW France

46°40´N 01°26´W 105 Q10 La Roda Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 39°13´N 02°10´W

181 Q3 Larrimah Northern Territory, N Australia

13°55´N 84°23´W 15°30´S 133°12´E

39°52´N 04°22´W

09°08´N 70°46´W Lapurdum see Bayonne 40 E7 La Purísima Baja California Sur, NW Mexico 26°10´N 112°05´W Lapväärtti see Lappfjärd 110 O10 Łapy Podlaskie, NE Poland 53°N 22°54´E 80 D6 Laqiya Arba’in Northern, NW Sudan 20°01´N 28°01´E 62 J4 La Quiaca Jujuy, N Argentina 22°12´S 65°36´W 107 J14 L’Aquila var. Aquila, Aquila degli Abruzzi. Abruzzo, C Italy 42°21´N 13°24´E 143 Q13 Lār Fārs, S Iran 27°42´N 54°19´E 54 J5 Lara off. Estado Lara. r state NW Venezuela 104 G2 Laracha Galicia, NW Spain 43°14´N 08°34´W 74 G5 Larache var. al Araïch, El Araïch, prev. El Araïche; anc. Lixus. NW Morocco 35°12´N 06°10´W Lara, Estado see Lara

103 T14 Laragne-Montéglin Hautes-Alpes, SE France 44°21´N 05°46´E

41°18´N 105°35´W

08°20´S 123°00´E

171 U15 Larat Pulau Larat, E Indonesia 07°07´S 131°46´E 171 U15 Larat, Pulau island Kepulauan Tanimbar, E Indonesia 95 P19 Lärbro Gotland, SE Sweden 106 A9

37 O6 14 C17

37 V6 108 D10 108 B9 12 H12 54 L3 55 N7

59°04´N 10°02´E La-sa see Lhasa Lasahata Pulau Seram, E Indonesia 02°52´S 128°27´E Lasahau see Lasihao La Sal Utah, W USA 38°19´N 109°14´W La Salle Ontario, S Canada 42°13´N 83°05´W La Salle Illinois, N USA 41°19´N 89°06´W Las Americas k (Santo Domingo) S Dominican Republic 18°24´N 69°38´W Las Animas Colorado, C USA 38°04´N 103°13´W La Sarine var. Sarine. j SW Switzerland La Sarraz Vaud, W Switzerland 46°40´N 06°32´E La Sarre Québec, SE Canada 48°49´N 79°12´W Las Aves, Islas var. Islas de Aves. island group N Venezuela Las Bonitas Bolívar, C Venezuela 07°50´N 65°40´W

104 K15 Las Cabezas de San Juan Andalucía, S Spain

Larche, Col de pass France/ Italy

Country Country Capital

171 S13

45 O9

33 X15 Laramie Mountains m Wyoming, C USA 33 Y16 Laramie River j Wyoming, C USA 60 H12 Laranjeiras do Sul Paraná, S Brazil 25°23´S 52°23´W Larantoeka see Larantuka 171 P16 Larantuka prev. Larantoeka. Flores, C Indonesia

57°46´N 18°49´E

62 N11 Larroque Entre Ríos, E Argentina 33°05´S 59°06´W 105 Q2 Larrún Fr. la Rhune. l France/Spain 43°18´N 01°35´W see also la Rhune Larrún see la Rhune 195 X6 Lars Christensen Coast physical region Antarctica 39 Q14 Larsen Bay Kodiak Island, Alaska, USA 57°32´N 153°58´W 194 I5 Larsen Ice Shelf ice shelf Antarctica 8 M6 Larsen Sound sound Nunavut, N Canada La Rúa see A Rúa de Valdeorras 102 K16 Laruns Pyrénées-Atlantiques, SW France 43°00´N 00°25´W 95 G16 Larvik Vestfold, S Norway

30 L11

104 M13 La Rambla Andalucía, S Spain 37°37´N 04°44´W 33 Y17 Laramie Wyoming, C USA

105 V4

103 T16 61 D21 62 H9 11 S14 62 I11 148 M8

171 P14 107 N21 63 H23 42 L9 110 J13 109 V11 63 H14

63 H15 Las Lajas, Cerro l W Argentina

38°49´S 70°42´W 62 M6 Las Lomitas Formosa, N Argentina 24°45´S 60°35´W 41 V16 Las Margaritas Chiapas, SE Mexico 16°15´N 91°58´W Las Marismas see Guadalquivir, Marismas del 54 M6 Las Mercedes Guárico, N Venezuela 09°08´N 66°27´W

42 F6

Las Minas, Cerro l W Honduras 14°33´N 88°41´W

105 O11 La Solana CastillaLa Mancha, C Spain 38°56´N 03°14´W

45 Q14 La Soufrière l Saint Vincent, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 13°20´N 61°11´W 102 M10 la Souterraine Creuse, C France 46°15´N 01°28´E 62 N7 Las Palmas Chaco, N Argentina 27°08´S 58°45´W 43 Q16 Las Palmas Veraguas, W Panama 08°09´N 81°28´W 64 P12 Las Palmas var. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Gran Canaria, Islas Canarias, Spain, NE Atlantic Ocean

36°59´N 05°56´W 61 G19 Lascano Rocha, E Uruguay 33°40´S 54°12´W 62 I5 Lascar, Volcán i N Chile 23°22´S 67°33´W

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

54 E14 La Tagua Putumayo, S Colombia 0°05´S 74°39´W Latakia see Al Lādhiqīyah 92 J10 Lätäseno j NW Finland 14 H9 Latchford Ontario, S Canada

21 W3 Laurel Maryland, NE USA

14 J13 Latchford Bridge Ontario, SE Canada 45°16´N 77°29´W 193 Y14 Late island Vava‘u Group, N Tonga 153 P15 Lātehār Jhārkhand, N India

29 R13

15 R7

29 T12

47°20´N 79°45´W

102 J13 25 V8 18 L10 108 B9 27 R3 107 I16 41 R14 106 J7

115 K25 187 Q17 55 N4

31°44´N 107°37´W 39°27´N 02°41´W

46°28´N 06°52´E

La Tour de Peilz see La Tour-de-Peilz 103 S11 la Tour-du-Pin Isère, E France 45°34´N 05°25´E 102 J11 la Tremblade CharenteMaritime, W France

61 C14 79 F19 113 F16 113 F16 40 E6 40 F4 55 N8 44 H7

40 I5 40 J12 62 L10 35 X11 37 T10 187 P10 13 R10 56 C6 194 I7

29°57´S 69°49´W Las Toscas Santa Fe, C Argentina 28°22´S 59°20´W Lastoursville Ogooué-Lolo, E Gabon 0°50´S 12°43´E Lastovo It. Lagosta. island SW Croatia Lastovski Kanal channel SW Croatia

Las Tres Vírgenes, Volcán i NW Mexico 27°27´N 112°34´W

Las Trincheras Sonora, NW Mexico 30°21´N 111°27´W Las Trincheras Bolívar, E Venezuela 06°57´N 64°49´W Las Tunas var. Victoria de las Tunas. Las Tunas, E Cuba 20°58´N 76°59´W La Suisse see Switzerland Las Varas Chihuahua, N Mexico 29°35´N 108°01´W Las Varas Nayarit, C Mexico 21°12´N 105°10´W Las Varillas Córdoba, E Argentina 31°54´S 62°45´W Las Vegas Nevada, W USA 36°09´N 115°10´W Las Vegas New Mexico, SW USA 35°35´N 105°15´W Lata Nendö, Solomon Islands 10°45´S 165°43´E La Tabatière Québec, E Canada 50°51´N 58°59´W Latacunga Cotopaxi, C Ecuador 0°58´S 78°36´W Latady Island island Antarctica

Administrative Regions International Airport

39°06´N 76°51´W

22 M6 Laurel Mississippi, S USA 31°41´N 89°10´W

33 U11 Laurel Montana, NW USA

18 H15 18 C16

21 P11

12°57´N 86°15´W

41 V16 La Trinitaria Chiapas, SE Mexico

108 B9 101 Q16

101 Q16

18 C15 183 P13

171 S13 15 P9 155 G14 118 G8

103 T12 63 G15

101 I17

15 U7 La Trinité-des-Monts Québec, SE Canada

108 E9

48°07´N 68°31´W Latrobe Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°18´N 79°19´W La Trobe River j Victoria, SE Australia Lattakia/Lattaquié see Al Lādhiqīyah Latu Pulau Seram, E Indonesia 03°24´S 128°37´E La Tuque Québec, SE Canada 47°26´N 72°47´W Lātūr Mahārāshtra, C India 18°24´N 76°34´E Latvia off. Republic of Latvia, Ger. Lettland, Latv. Latvija, Latvijas Republika; prev. Latvian SSR, Rus. Latviyskaya SSR. b republic NE Europe

Latvian SSR/Latvija/ Latvijas Republika/ Latviyskaya SSR see Latvia Latvia, Republic of see Latvia 186 H7 Lau New Britain, E Papua New Guinea 05°46´S 151°21´E 175 R9 Lau Basin undersea feature S Pacific Ocean 101 O15 Lauchhammer Brandenburg, E Germany 51°30´N 13°48´E 105 O3 Laudio var. Llodio. País Vasco, N Spain 43°08´N 02°59´W Laudunum see Laon Laudus see St-Lô

17°36´S 177°28´E

169 O8 Laut, Pulau prev. Laoet. island Borneo, C Indonesia 169 V14 Laut, Pulau island Kepulauan Natuna, W Indonesia 169 U13 Laut, Selat strait Borneo, C Indonesia 168 H8 Laut Tawar, Danau c Sumatera, NW Indonesia 189 V14 Lauvergne Island island Chuuk, C Micronesia 98 M5 Lauwers Meer c N Netherlands 98 M4 Lauwersoog Groningen, NE Netherlands 102 M14 25 U13 25 U12 15 O12 102 J6 15 T6 105 S9 61 F19

109 P5

143 O14

92 I2 92 I4 31 O3 187 Z14 93 M17 118 D12 183 P16 97 I24 54 C13 42 H8 42 I6 40 M15 41 Y14 105 S13 54 L7 42 B10 38 H11

101 I23 181 W3 189 X2 54 L8 21 Y4 23 V14

Mountain Mountain Range

Volcano River

47°14´N 88°26´W Lauru see Choiseul Lausanne It. Losanna. Vaud, SW Switzerland 46°32´N 06°39´E Lausche var. Luže. l Czech Republic/ Germany 50°52´N 14°39´E see also Luže Lausche see Luže Lausitzer Bergland var. Lausitzer Gebirge, Cz. Gory Lużyckie, Lužické Hory’, Eng. Lusatian Mountains. m E Germany Lausitzer Gebirge see Lausitzer Bergland Lausitzer Neisse see Neisse Lautaret, Col du pass SE France Lautaro Araucanía, C Chile 38°30´S 71°30´W Lauter j W Germany Lauterach Vorarlberg, NW Austria 47°29´N 09°44´E Lauterbach Hessen, C Germany 50°37´N 09°24´E Lauterbrunnen Bern, C Switzerland 46°36´N 07°52´E

169 U14 Laut Kecil, Kepulauan island group N Indonesia 187 X14 Lautoka Viti Levu, W Fiji

Lauenburg/Lauenburg in Pommern see Lębork 101 L20 Lauf an der Pegnitz Bayern, SE Germany 49°31´N 11°16´E 108 D7 Laufen Basel, NW Switzerland

47°26´N 07°31´E Lauffen Salzburg, NW Austria 47°54´N 12°57´E Laugarbakki Norðurland Vestra, N Iceland 65°18´N 20°51´W Laugarvatn Suðurland, SW Iceland 64°09´N 20°43´W Laughing Fish Point headland Michigan, N USA 46°31´N 87°01´W Lau Group island group E Fiji Lauis see Lugano Laukaa Keski-Suomi, C Finland 62°27´N 25°58´E Laukuva Tauragė, W Lithuania 55°37´N 22°12´E Laun see Louny Launceston Tasmania, SE Australia 41°25´S 147°07´E Launceston anc. Dunheved. SW England, United Kingdom 50°38´N 04°21´W La Unión Nariño, SW Colombia 01°35´N 77°09´W La Unión La Unión, SE El Salvador 13°20´N 87°50´W La Unión Olancho, C Honduras 15°02´N 86°40´W La Unión Guerrero, S Mexico 17°58´N 101°49´W La Unión Quintana Roo, E Mexico 18°00´N 101°48´W La Unión Murcia, SE Spain 37°37´N 00°54´W La Unión Barinas, C Venezuela 08°15´N 67°46´W La Unión r department E El Salvador Laupāhoehoe var. Laupahoehoe. Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 20°00´N 155°15´W Laupahoehoe see Laupāhoehoe Laupheim BadenWürttemberg, S Germany 48°13´N 09°54´E Laura Queensland, NE Australia 15°37´S 144°34´E Laura atoll Majuro Atoll, SE Marshall Islands Laurana see Lovran La Urbana Bolívar, C Venezuela 07°05´N 66°58´W Laurel Delaware, NE USA 38°33´N 75°34´W Laurel Florida, SE USA 27°07´N 82°27´W

40°03´N 15°50´E

Laurie Island island Antarctica 21 T11 Laurinburg North Carolina, SE USA 34°46´N 79°29´W 30 M2 Laurium Michigan, N USA 194 I1

101 F21 108 I7

16°02´N 92°00´W 45 Q11 la Trinité E Martinique 14°44´N 60°58´W

45°40´N 108°46´W Laurel Nebraska, C USA 42°25´N 97°04´W Laureldale Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°24´N 75°52´W Laurel Hill ridge Pennsylvania, NE USA Laurens Iowa, C USA 42°51´N 94°51´W Laurens South Carolina, SE USA 34°29´N 82°01´W Laurentian Highlands see Laurentian Mountains

15 P10 Laurentian Mountains var. Laurentian Highlands, Fr. Les Laurentides. plateau Newfoundland and Labrador/ Québec, Canada 15 O12 Laurentides Québec, SE Canada 45°51´N 73°49´W Laurentides, Les see Laurentian Mountains 107 M19 Lauria Basilicata, S Italy

45°45´N 01°07´W

102 L10 la Trimouille Vienne, W France 46°27´N 01°02´E 42 J9 La Trinidad Estelí, NW Nicaragua

44°08´N 09°50´E

61 F20 Las Piedras Canelones, S Uruguay 34°42´S 56°14´W 63 J18 Las Plumas Chubut, S Argentina 43°46´S 67°15´W 61 B18 Las Rosas Santa Fe, C Argentina 32°27´S 61°30´W Lassa see Lhasa 35 O4 Lassen Peak l California, W USA 40°27´N 121°28´W 194 K6 Lassiter Coast physical region Antarctica 109 V9 Lassnitz j SE Austria 15 O12 L’Assomption Québec, SE Canada 45°48´N 73°27´W 15 N11 L’Assomption j Québec, SE Canada 43 S17 Las Tablas Los Santos, S Panama 07°45´N 80°17´W Lastarria, Volcán see Azufre, Volcán 37 V4 Last Chance Colorado, C USA 39°41´N 103°34´W Last Frontier, The see Alaska 11 U16 Last Mountain Lake c Saskatchewan, S Canada 62 H9 Las Tórtolas, Cerro l W Argentina

23°48´N 84°28´E Laterrière Québec, SE Canada 48°17´N 71°10´W la Teste Gironde, SW France 44°38´N 01°04´W Latexo Texas, SW USA 31°24´N 95°28´W Latham New York, NE USA 42°45´N 73°45´W Latharna see Larne La Thielle var. Thièle. j W Switzerland Lathrop Missouri, C USA 39°33´N 94°19´W Latina prev. Littoria. Lazio, C Italy 41°28´N 12°53´E La Tinaja Veracruz-Llave, S Mexico Latisana FriuliVenezia Giulia, NE Italy 45°47´N 13°01´E Latium see Lazio Lató site of ancient city Kríti, Greece, E Mediterranean Sea La Tontouta k (Noumea) Province Sud, S New Caledonia 22°06´S 166°12´E La Tortuga, Isla var. Isla Tortuga. island N Venezuela

108 C10 La Tour-de-Peilz var. La Tour de Peilz. Vaud, SW Switzerland

28°08´N 15°27´W

64 P12 Las Palmas r province Islas Canarias, Spain, NE Atlantic Ocean 64 Q12 Las Palmas k Gran Canaria, Islas Canarias, Spain, NE Atlantic Ocean Las Palmas de Gran Canaria see Las Palmas 40 D6 Las Palomas Baja California Norte, W Mexico

106 E10 La Spezia Liguria, NW Italy

37°12´N 04°45´W

104 M9 La Puebla de Montalbán Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain

La Puerta Trujillo, NW Venezuela

104 K11

La Romana E Dominican Republic 18°25´N 69°00´W 11 T13 La Ronge Saskatchewan, C Canada 55°07´N 105°18´W 11 U13 La Ronge, Lac c Saskatchewan, C Canada 22 K10 Larose Louisiana, S USA 45 P9

42 M7 La Rosita Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte, NE Nicaragua

54 I6

62 G9

105 P10 Las Pedroñeras CastillaLa Mancha, C Spain

104 L14 La Puebla de Cazalla Andalucía, S Spain 37°14´N 05°18´W

37 R15

17°51´N 94°00´W Las Cruces New Mexico, SW USA 32°19´N 106°49´W Lasdehnen see Krasnoznamensk La Selle see Selle, Pic de la La Serena Coquimbo, C Chile 29°54´S 71°18´W La Serena physical region W Spain La Seu d’Urgell var. La Seu d’Urgell; prev. Seo de Urgel. Cataluña, NE Spain 42°22´N 01°27´E La Seu d’Urgell see La Seu d’Urgell la Seyne-sur-Mer Var, SE France 43°07´N 05°53´E Las Flores Buenos Aires, E Argentina 36°03´S 59°08´W Las Flores San Juan, W Argentina 30°14´S 69°10´W Lashburn Saskatchewan, S Canada 53°09´N 109°37´W Las Heras Mendoza, W Argentina 32°48´S 68°50´W Lashkar Gāh var. Lash-KarGar’. Helmand, S Afghanistan 31°35´N 64°21´E Lash-Kar-Gar’ see Lashkar Gāh Lasihao var. Lasahau. Pulau Muna, C Indonesia 05°01´S 122°23´E La Sila m SW Italy La Silueta, Cerro l S Chile 52°22´S 72°09´W La Sirena Región Autónoma Atlántico Sur, E Nicaragua 12°59´N 84°35´W Łask Lódzkie, C Poland 51°36´N 19°06´E Laško Ger. Tüffer. C Slovenia 46°08´N 15°13´E Las Lajas Neuquén, W Argentina 38°31´S 70°22´W

104 L14 La Roda de Andalucía Andalucía, S Spain

29°34´N 90°22´W

42°45´N 02°49´W

41 T15 Las Choapas var. Choapas. Veracruz-Llave, SE Mexico

15 O12 186 M10

109 U8 118 G5 104 L3 45 N8

54 J4 103 N17 107 M17 36 J8 26 J8 25 S12 93 K18 14 I12 94 C12 33 U10 194 H5 23 U2

115 H20 83 L22 149 T4 141 P16 25 Q7

10°40´N 02°49´W

185 E23 Lawrence Otago, South Island, New Zealand 45°53´S 169°43´E

31 P14 Lawrence Indiana, N USA 39°49´N 86°01´W

27 Q4 Lawrence Kansas, C USA 38°58´N 95°15´W

19 O10 Lawrence Massachusetts, NE USA 42°42´N 71°09´W 20 L5 Lawrenceburg Kentucky, S USA 38°02´N 84°53´W 20 I10 Lawrenceburg Tennessee, S USA 35°16´N 87°20´W 23 T3 Lawrenceville Georgia, SE USA 33°57´N 83°59´W 31 N15 Lawrenceville Illinois, N USA 38°43´N 87°40´W 21 V7 Lawrenceville Virginia, NE USA 36°45´N 77°50´W 27 S3 Lawson Missouri, C USA 39°26´N 94°12´W

26 L12 Lawton Oklahoma, C USA

57 141 141 23 45

192 36 34 172 123 112 65 40 119 107 111

167 27 28 11

42°51´N 05°24´W La Vega var. Concepción de la Vega. C Dominican Republic 19°15´N 70°33´W La Vela see La Vela de Coro La Vela de Coro var. La Vela. Falcón, N Venezuela 11°30´N 69°33´W Lavelanet Ariège, S France 42°56´N 01°50´E Lavello Basilicata, S Italy 41°03´N 15°48´E La Verkin Utah, W USA 37°12´N 113°16´W Laverne Oklahoma, C USA 36°42´N 99°53´W La Vernia Texas, SW USA 29°19´N 98°07´W Lavia Satakunta, SW Finland 61°36´N 22°34´E Lavieille, Lake c Ontario, SE Canada Lavik Sogn Og Fjordane, S Norway 61°06´N 05°25´E La Vila Joíosa see Villajoyosa Lavina Montana, NW USA 46°18´N 108°55´W Lavoisier Island island Antarctica Lavonia Georgia, SE USA 34°26´N 83°06´W

97

44°49´N 04°46´E Lavrentiya Chukotskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug, NE Russian Federation 65°33´N 171°12´W Lávrio prev. Lávrion. Attikí, C Greece 37°43´N 24°03´E Lávrion see Lávrio Lavumisa prev. Gollel. SE Swaziland 27°18´S 31°55´E Lawarai Pass pass N Pakistan Lawassaar see Lavassaare Lawdar SW Yemen 13°49´N 45°55´E Lawn Texas, SW USA 32°07´N 99°45´W

20

Lake Reservoir

59°00´N 14°37´E Laya j NW Russian Federation I19 La Yarada Tacna, SW Peru 18°14´S 70°30´W S15 Layjūn C Yemen 15°27´N 49°16´E Q9 Laylā var. Laila. Ar Riyāḑ, C Saudi Arabia 22°14´N 46°40´E P4 Lay Lake d Alabama, S USA P14 Layou Saint Vincent, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 13°11´N 61°16´W La Youne see El Ayoun L5 Laysan Island island Hawaiian Islands, Hawai‘i, USA L2 Layton Utah, W USA 41°03´N 112°00´W L5 Laytonville California, N USA 39°39´N 123°30´W H17 Lazare, Pointe headland Mahé, NE Seychelles 04°46´S 55°28´E T12 Lazarev Khabarovskiy Kray, SE Russian Federation 52°11´N 141°18´E L12 Lazarevac Serbia, C Serbia 44°25´N 20°17´E N22 Lazarev Sea sea Antarctica M15 Lázaro Cárdenas Michoacán, SW Mexico 17°56´N 102°13´W F15 Lazdijai Alytus, S Lithuania 54°13´N 23°33´E H15 Lazio anc. Latium. r region C Italy A16 Lázně Kynžvart Ger. Bad Königswart. Karlovarský Kraj, W Czech Republic 50°00´N 12°40´E Lazovsk see Sîngerei R12 Leach Poŭthĭsăt, W Cambodia 12°19´N 103°45´E X9 Leachville Arkansas, C USA 35°56´N 90°15´W I9 Lead South Dakota, N USA 44°21´N 103°45´W S16 Leader Saskatchewan, S Canada 50°55´N 109°31´W S6 Lead Mountain l Maine, NE USA 44°53´N 68°07´W R5 Leadville Colorado, C USA 39°15´N 106°17´W V12 Leaf Rapids Manitoba, C Canada 56°30´N 100°02´W M7 Leaf River j Mississippi, S USA W11 League City Texas, SW USA 29°30´N 95°05´W K8 Leaibevuotna Nor. Olderfjord. Finnmark, N Norway 70°29´N 24°58´E N7 Leakesville Mississippi, S USA 31°09´N 88°33´W Q11 Leakey Texas, SW USA 29°44´N 99°48´W Leal see Lihula G15 Lealui Western, W Zambia 15°12´S 22°59´E Leamhcán see Lucan C18 Leamington Ontario, S Canada 42°03´N 82°35´W Leamington/Leamington Spa see Royal Leamington Spa Leammi see Lemmenjoki S10 Leander Texas, SW USA 30°34´N 97°51´W F13 Leandro N. Alem Misiones, NE Argentina 27°34´S 55°15´W A20 Leane, Lough Ir. Loch Léin. c SW Ireland G8 Learmonth Western Australia 22°17´S 114°03´E Leau see Zoutleeuw L’Eau d’Heure see Plate Taille, Lac de la D12 Leava Île Futuna, S Wallis and Futuna Leavdnja see Lakselv R3 Leavenworth Kansas, C USA 39°19´N 94°55´W I8 Leavenworth Washington, NW USA 47°36´N 120°39´W L8 Leavvajohka var. Levajok. Finnmark, N Norway 69°57´N 26°18´E R4 Leawood Kansas, C USA 38°57´N 94°37´W H6 Łeba Ger. Leba. Pomorskie, N Poland 54°45´N 17°32´E I6 Łeba Ger. Leba. j N Poland Leba see Łeba D20 Lebach Saarland, SW Germany 49°25´N 06°54´E Łeba, Jezioro see Łebsko, Jezioro P8 Lebak Mindanao, S Philippines 06°28´N 124°03´E Lebanese Republic see Lebanon O13 Lebanon Indiana, N USA 40°03´N 86°28´W L6 Lebanon Kentucky, S USA 37°33´N 85°15´W U6 Lebanon Missouri, C USA 37°40´N 92°40´W N9 Lebanon New Hampshire, NE USA 43°40´N 72°15´W G12 Lebanon Oregon, NW USA 44°32´N 122°54´W H15 Lebanon Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°20´N 76°24´W J8 Lebanon Tennessee, S USA 36°11´N 86°19´W P7 Lebanon Virginia, NE USA 36°52´N 82°07´W G6 Lebanon off. Lebanese Republic, Ar. Al Lubnān, Fr. Liban. b republic SW Asia

125 T5

19

La Vecilla de Curueño Castilla y León, N Spain

34°35´N 98°20´W

Lawz, Jabal al l NW Saudi Arabia 28°45´N 35°20´E 95 L16 Laxå Örebro, C Sweden 140 I4

53°25´N 06°14´E Lauzerte Tarn-et-Garonne, S France 44°15´N 01°08´E Lavaca Bay bay Texas, SW USA Lavaca River j Texas, SW USA Laval Québec, SE Canada 45°32´N 73°44´W Laval Mayenne, NW France 48°04´N 00°46´W Laval j Québec, SE Canada La Vall d’Uixó var. Vall D’Uxó. Valenciana, E Spain 39°49´N 00°15´W Lavalleja r department S Uruguay Lavaltrie Québec, SE Canada 45°56´N 73°14´W Lavanggu Rennell, S Solomon Islands 11°39´S 160°13´E Lāvān, Jazīreh-ye island S Iran Lavant j S Austria Lavassaare Ger. Lawassaar. Pärnumaa, SW Estonia 58°29´N 24°22´E

103 R13 la Voulte-sur-Rhône Ardèche, E France 123 W5

Law Promontory headland Antarctica 77 O14 Lawra NW Ghana 195 Y4

37 11 22 25 92 23 25 83 14

25 60

180

190 27 32 92 27 110 110 101

171

31

27 19 32 18 20 21 138

277

Lebanon Junction – Lexington Lebanon Junction Kentucky, S USA 37°49´N 85°43´W Lebanon, Mount see Liban, Jebel J10 Lebap Lebapskiy Velayat, NE Turkmenistan 41°04´N 61°49´E Lebapskiy Velayat see Lebap Welaýaty J11 Lebap Welaýaty Rus. Lebapskiy Velayat; prev. Rus. Chardzhevskaya Oblast, Turkm. Chärjew Oblasty. r province E Turkmenistan Lebasee see Łebsko, Jezioro F17 Lebbeke Oost-Vlaanderen, NW Belgium 51°00´N 04°08´E S14 Lebec California, W USA 34°51´N 118°52´W Lebedin see Lebedyn Q11 Lebedinyy Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 58°23´N 125°24´E L6 Lebedyan’ Lipetskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 53°00´N 39°11´E T4 Lebedyn Rus. Lebedin. Sums’ka Oblast’, NE Ukraine 50°36´N 34°30´E I12 Lebel-sur-Quévillon Québec, SE Canada 49°01´N 76°56´W L8 Lebesby Lapp. Davvesiida. Finnmark, N Norway 70°31´N 27°00´E M9 le Blanc Indre, C France 46°38´N 01°04´E L15 Lebo Orientale, N Dem. Rep. Congo 04°30´N 23°58´E P5 Lebo Kansas, C USA 38°22´N 95°50´W H6 Lębork var. Lębórk, Ger. Lauenburg, Lauenburg in Pommern. Pomorskie, N Poland 54°32´N 17°43´E O17 le Boulou PyrénéesOrientales, S France 42°32´N 02°50´E A9 Le Brassus Vaud, W Switzerland 46°35´N 06°14´E J15 Lebrija Andalucía, S Spain 36°55´N 06°04´W G6 Łebsko, Jezioro Ger. Lebasee; prev. Jezioro Łeba. c N Poland F14 Lebu Bío Bío, C Chile 37°38´S 73°43´W Lebyazh’ye see Akku F6 Leça da Palmeira Porto, N Portugal 41°12´N 08°43´W U15 le Cannet Alpes-Maritimes, SE France 43°35´N 07°E Le Cap see Cap-Haïtien P2 le Cateau-Cambrésis Nord, N France 50°05´N 03°32´E Q18 Lecce Puglia, SE Italy 40°23´N 18°11´E D7 Lecco Lombardia, N Italy 45°51´N 09°23´E V10 Le Center Minnesota, N USA 44°23´N 93°43´W J7 Lech Vorarlberg, W Austria 47°14´N 10°10´E K22 Lech j Austria/Germany D19 Lechainá var. Lehena, Lekhainá. Dytikí Elláda, S Greece 37°57´N 21°16´E J11 le Château d’Oléron Charente-Maritime, W France 45°53´N 01°12´W R3 le Chesne Ardennes, N France 49°33´N 04°42´E R13 le Cheylard Ardèche, E France 44°55´N 04°27´E K7 Lechtaler Alpen m W Austria H6 Leck Schleswig-Holstein, N Germany 54°45´N 09°00´E L9 Lecointre, Lac c Québec, SE Canada H7 Lecompte Louisiana, S USA 31°05´N 92°24´W Q9 le Creusot Saône-et-Loire, C France 46°48´N 04°27´E Lecumberri see Lekunberri P13 Łęczna Lubelskie, E Poland 51°20´N 22°52´E J12 Łęczyca Ger. Lentschiza, Rus. Lenchitsa. Łódzkie, C Poland 52°04´N 19°10´E F10 Leda j NW Germany Y9 Ledava j NE Slovenia F17 Lede Oost-Vlaanderen, NW Belgium 50°58´N 03°59´E K6 Ledesma Castilla y León, N Spain 41°05´N 06°00´W Q12 le Diamant SW Martinique 14°29´N 61°02´W J16 Le Digue island Inner Islands, NE Seychelles Q10 le Donjon Allier, C France 46°19´N 03°50´E M10 le Dorat Haute-Vienne, C France 46°14´N 01°05´E Ledo Salinarius see Lons-le-Saunier Q14 Leduc Alberta, SW Canada 53°17´N 113°30´W V7 Ledyanaya, Gora l E Russian Federation 61°51´N 171°03´E C21 Lee Ir. An Laoi. j SW Ireland U5 Leech Lake c Minnesota, N USA K10 Leedey Oklahoma, C USA 35°54´N 99°21´W M17 Leeds N England, United Kingdom 53°50´N 01°35´W P4 Leeds Alabama, S USA 33°33´N 86°32´W O3 Leeds North Dakota, N USA 48°19´N 99°43´W N6 Leek Groningen, NE Netherlands 53°10´N 06°24´E K15 Leende Noord-Brabant, SE Netherlands 51°21´N 05°34´E F10 Leer Niedersachsen, NW Germany 53°14´N 07°26´E J13 Leerdam Zuid-Holland, C Netherlands 51°54´N 05°06´E K12 Leersum Utrecht, C Netherlands 52°01´N 05°26´E W11 Leesburg Florida, SE USA 28°48´N 81°52´W V3 Leesburg Virginia, NE USA 39°09´N 77°34´W R4 Lees Summit Missouri, C USA 38°55´N 94°21´W G7 Leesville Louisiana, S USA 31°08´N 93°15´W S12 Leesville Texas, SW USA 29°22´N 97°45´W U13 Leesville Lake d Ohio, N USA Leesville Lake see Smith Mountain Lake P9 Leeton New South Wales, SE Australia 34°33´S 146°24´E

20 K6

146

146

99 35 123 126 117 12 92 102 79 27 110

103 108 104 110 63 104 103 103 107 106 29 108 101 115 102 103 103 108 100 14 22 103 110 110 100 109 99 104 45 172 103 102

11 123 97 29 26 97 23 29 98 99 100 98 98 23 21 27 22 25 31

183

278

98 L6 180 I14 35 R8 45 V8

79 G20 115 C17

115 B17

115 H25 115 B16

25 O2 45 R12 180 L12 105 N8

110 M11 99 K24 106 G8 106 D7 111 F14 35 Q9 103 Q15 183 U3 102 L4

36 L3 18 I14 29 O6 38 A8 149 S9 109 W9 97 M19

97 M19 98 H11

98 H11 98 G11 99 D18 184 L4 97 K17 182 I5 23 O2 97 M21

101 G20 100 I13 101 J15 97 D19 97 F19 119 F15 92 J12 31 R12 115 M20 101 M15 101 M15 104 G9 104 F9 95 C15 118 E5 104 J3 20 J6 109 Y5

Leeuwarden Fris. Ljouwert. Fryslân, N Netherlands 53°15´N 05°48´E Leeuwin, Cape headland Western Australia 34°18´S 115°03´E Lee Vining California, W USA 37°57´N 119°07´W Leeward Islands island group E West Indies Leeward Islands see Sotavento, Ilhas de Leeward Islands see Vent, Îles Sous le Léfini j SE Congo Lefkáda prev. Levkás. Lefkáda, Iónia Nisiá, Greece, C Mediterranean Sea 38°50´N 20°42´E Lefkáda It. Santa Maura, prev. Levkás; anc. Leucas. island Iónia Nisiá, Greece, C Mediterranean Sea Lefká Óri m Kríti, Greece, E Mediterranean Sea Lefkímmi var. Levkímmi. Kérkyra, Iónia Nisiá, Greece, C Mediterranean Sea 39°26´N 20°05´E Lefkosía/Lefkoşa see Nicosia Lefors Texas, SW USA 35°26´N 100°48´W le François E Martinique 14°36´N 60°59´W Lefroy, Lake salt lake Western Australia Legaceaster see Chester Leganés Madrid, C Spain 40°20´N 03°46´W Legaspi see Legazpi City Leghorn see Livorno Legionowo Mazowieckie, C Poland 52°25´N 20°56´E Léglise Luxembourg, SE Belgium 49°48´N 05°31´E Legnago Lombardia, NE Italy 45°13´N 11°18´E Legnano Veneto, NE Italy 45°36´N 08°54´E Legnica Ger. Liegnitz. Dolnośląskie, SW Poland 51°12´N 16°11´E Le Grand California, W USA 37°12´N 120°15´W le Grau-du-Roi Gard, S France 43°32´N 04°10´E Legume New South Wales, SE Australia 28°24´S 152°20´E le Havre Eng. Havre; prev. le Havre-de-Grâce. Seine-Maritime, N France 49°30´N 00°06´E le Havre-de-Grâce see le Havre Lehena see Lechainá Lehi Utah, W USA 40°23´N 111°51´W Lehighton Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°49´N 75°42´W Lehr North Dakota, N USA 46°15´N 99°21´W Lehua Island island Hawaiian Islands, Hawai‘i, USA Leiāh Punjab, NE Pakistan 30°59´N 70°58´E Leibnitz Steiermark, SE Austria 46°48´N 15°33´E Leicester Lat. Batae Coritanorum. C England, United Kingdom 52°38´N 01°05´W Leicestershire cultural region C England, United Kingdom Leicheng see Leizhou Leiden prev. Leyden; anc. Lugdunum Batavorum. Zuid-Holland, W Netherlands 52°09´N 04°30´E Leiderdorp Zuid-Holland, W Netherlands 52°08´N 04°32´E Leidschendam ZuidHolland, W Netherlands 52°05´N 04°24´E Leie Fr. Lys. j Belgium/ France Leifear see Lifford Leigh Auckland, North Island, New Zealand 36°17´S 174°48´E Leigh NW England, United Kingdom 53°30´N 02°33´W Leigh Creek South Australia 30°27´S 138°23´E Leighton Alabama, S USA 34°42´N 87°31´W Leighton Buzzard E England, United Kingdom 51°55´N 00°41´W Léim an Bhradáin see Leixlip Léim An Mhadaidh see Limavady Léime, Ceann see Loop Head, Ireland Léime, Ceann see Slyne Head, Ireland Leimen Baden-Württemberg, SW Germany 49°21´N 08°40´E Leine j NW Germany Leinefelde Thüringen, C Germany 51°22´N 10°19´E Léin, Loch see Leane, Lough Leinster Ir. Cúige Laighean. cultural region E Ireland Leinster, Mount Ir. Stua Laighean. l SE Ireland 52°36´N 06°45´W Leipalingis Alytus, S Lithuania 54°05´N 23°52´E Leipojärvi Norrbotten, N Sweden 67°03´N 21°15´E Leipsic Ohio, N USA 41°06´N 83°58´W Leipsic see Leipzig Leipsoí island Dodekánisa, Greece, Aegean Sea Leipzig Pol. Lipsk, hist. Leipsic; anc. Lipsia. Sachsen, E Germany 51°19´N 12°24´E Leipzig Halle k Sachsen, E Germany 51°26´N 12°14´E Leiria anc. Collipo. Leiria, C Portugal 39°45´N 08°49´W Leiria r district C Portugal Leirvik Hordaland, S Norway 59°49´N 05°27´E Leisi Ger. Laisberg. Saaremaa, W Estonia 58°33´N 22°41´E Leitariegos, Puerto de pass NW Spain Leitchfield Kentucky, S USA 37°28´N 86°19´W Leitha Hung. Lajta. j Austria/Hungary Leitir Ceanainn see Letterkenny Leitmeritz see Litoměřice Leitomischl see Litomyšl

Country Country Capital

97 D16 Leitrim Ir. Liatroim. cultural region NW Ireland Leix see Laois 97 F18 Leixlip Eng. Salmon Leap, Ir. Léim an Bhradáin. Kildare, E Ireland 53°23´N 06°32´W 64 N8 Leixões Porto, N Portugal

109 Q5 Lengau Oberösterreich, N Austria 48°01´N 13°17´E 145 Q17 Lenger Yuzhnyy Kazakhstan, S Kazakhstan 42°10´N 69°54´E Lenghu see Lenghuzhen 159 O9 Lenghuzhen var. Lenghu. Qinghai, C China

161 N12

159 T9

160 L16 160 L16 98 H13 114 I13 172 H13

41°11´N 08°41´W Leiyang Hunan, S China 26°23´N 112°49´E Leizhou var. Haikang, Leicheng. Guangdong, S China 20°54´N 110°05´E Leizhou Bandao var. Luichow Peninsula. peninsula S China Lek j SW Netherlands Lekánis m NE Greece Le Kartala l Grande Comore, NW Comoros Le Kef see El Kef

79 G20 Lékéti, Monts de la m S Congo Lekhainá see Lechainá 92 G11 Leknes Nordland, C Norway 68°07´N 13°36´E 79 F20 Lékoumou r province SW Congo 94 L13 Leksand Dalarna, C Sweden 60°44´N 15°E

124 H8 Leksozero, Ozero c NW Russian Federation 105 Q3 Lekunberri var. Lecumberri. Navarra, N Spain 43°00´N 01°54´W

171 S11 Lelai, Tanjung headland Pulau Halmahera, N Indonesia 01°32´N 128°43´E

45 Q12 le Lamentin var. Lamentin. C Martinique 14°37´N 61°01´W 31 P6 Leland Michigan, N USA 22 J4 95 J16

25 O3 113 I14 108 C8 189 Y14 189 Y14 55 W9 98 K9 63 K25 168 L10 186 I7

102 L6 29 S12 109 S3 101 G23

121 P3 100 H13 33 P13 9

S6

171 O11 92 L10 98 L7 28 L7 36 M15 31 O14 102 J5 35 Q11 189 T13 45 Y5

12 M6 93 L18 42 E7 42 F7 107 N17 125 V6 95 F21 166 K8 30 K10 129 V4 173 N13

59 N17 60 K9 109 Y9

83 F20 124 H9

27 R4

45°01´N 85°44´W Leland Mississippi, S USA 33°24´N 90°54´W Lelång var. Lelången. c S Sweden Lelången see Lelång Lel’chitsy see Lyel’chytsy le Léman see Geneva, Lake Leli see Tianlin Lelia Lake Texas, SW USA 34°52´N 100°42´W Lelija l SE Bosnia and Herzegovina 43°25´N 18°31´E Le Locle Neuchâtel, W Switzerland 47°04´N 06°45´E Lelu Kosrae, E Micronesia Lelu see Lelu Island Lelu Island var. Lelu. island Kosrae, E Micronesia Lelydorp Wanica, N Suriname 05°36´N 55°04´W Lelystad Flevoland, C Netherlands 52°30´N 05°26´E Le Maire, Estrecho de strait S Argentina Lemang Pulau Rangsang, W Indonesia 01°04´N 102°44´E Lemankoa Buka Island, NE Papua New Guinea 05°06´S 154°23´E Léman, Lac see Geneva, Lake le Mans Sarthe, NW France 48°N 00°12´E Le Mars Iowa, C USA 42°47´N 96°10´W

Lembach im Mühlkreis Oberösterreich, N Austria 48°28´N 13°53´E Lemberg l SW Germany 48°09´N 08°47´E Lemberg see L’viv Lemdiyya see Médéa Lemesós var. Limassol. SW Cyprus 34°41´N 33°02´E Lemgo Nordrhein-Westfalen, W Germany 52°02´N 08°54´E Lemhi Range m Idaho, NW USA Lemieux Islands island group Nunavut, NE Canada Lemito Sulawesi, N Indonesia 0°34´N 121°31´E Lemmenjoki Lapp. Leammi. j NE Finland Lemmer Fris. De Lemmer. Fryslân, N Netherlands 52°50´N 05°43´E Lemmon South Dakota, N USA 45°54´N 102°08´W Lemmon, Mount l Arizona, SW USA 32°26´N 110°47´W Lemnos see Límnos Lemon, Lake c Indiana, N USA le Mont St-Michel castle Manche, N France Lemoore California, W USA 36°16´N 119°48´W Lemotol Bay bay Chuuk Islands, C Micronesia le Moule var. Moule. Grande Terre, NE Guadeloupe 16°20´N 61°21´W Lemovices see Limoges Le Moyen-Ogooué see Moyen-Ogooué le Moyne, Lac c Québec, E Canada Lempäälä Pirkanmaa, W Finland 61°14´N 23°47´E Lempa, Río j Central America Lempira prev. Gracias. r department SW Honduras Lemsalu see Limbaži Le Murge m SE Italy Lemva j NW Russian Federation Lemvig Midtjylland, W Denmark 56°31´N 08°19´E Lemyethna Ayeyawady, SW Myanmar (Burma) 17°36´N 95°08´E Lena Illinois, N USA 42°22´N 89°49´W Lena j NE Russian Federation Lena Tablemount undersea feature S Indian Ocean 51°06´S 56°54´E Lenchitsa see Łęczyca Lençóis Bahia, E Brazil 12°36´S 41°24´W Lençóis Paulista São Paulo, S Brazil 22°35´S 48°51´W Lendava Hung. Lendva, Ger. Unterlimbach; prev. Dolnja Lendava. NE Slovenia 46°33´N 16°27´E Lendepas Hardap, SE Namibia 24°41´S 19°58´E Lendery Finn. Lentiira. Respublika Kareliya, NW Russian Federation 63°20´N 31°18´E Lendum see Lens Lendva see Lendava Lenexa Kansas, C USA 38°57´N 94°43´W

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

38°50´N 93°25´E

Lenglong Ling l N China

37°40´N 102°13´E

108 D7 Lengnau Bern, W Switzerland 47°12´N 07°23´E

95 M20 Lenhovda Kronoberg, S Sweden 57°00´N 15°16´E Lenīn see Uzynkol’, Kazakhstan Lenin see Akdepe, Turkmenistan Leninabad see Khujand Leninakan see Gyumri Lenina, Pik see Lenin Peak 117 V12 Lenine Rus. Lenino. Avtonomna Respublika Krym, S Ukraine 45°18´N 35°47´E Lenīngor see Leninogorsk Leningrad see Sankt-Peterburg Leningrad see Mu’minobod 126 L13 Leningradskaya Krasnodarskiy Kray, SW Russian Federation

20°57´N 87°06´W

101 H21 Leonberg BadenWürttemberg, SW Germany 48°48´N 09°01´E

62 M3 León, Cerro l NW Paraguay 20°21´S 60°16´W

León de los Aldamas see León 109 T4 Leonding Oberösterreich, N Austria 48°17´N 14°15´E 107 I14 Leonessa Lazio, C Italy

37°38´N 14°23´E

183 O13 Leongatha Victoria, SE Australia 38°30´S 145°56´E Leonídi see Leonídio 115 F21 Leonídio var. Leonídi. Pelopónnisos, S Greece

69°30´S 159°51´E

25 S8

39°20´N 72°50´E

Leninpol’ Talasskaya Oblast’, NW Kyrgyzstan 42°29´N 71°54´E

Lenin, Qullai see Lenin Peak 127 P11 Leninsk Volgogradskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 48°41´N 45°18´E Leninsk see Baykonyr, Kazakhstan Leninsk see Akdepe, Turkmenistan Leninsk see Asaka, Uzbekistan 145 T8 Leninskiy Pavlodar, E Kazakhstan 52°13´N 76°50´E 122 I13 Leninsk-Kuznetskiy Kemerovskaya Oblast’, S Russian Federation

51°07´N 08°04´E

29 R11 Lennox South Dakota, N USA 43°21´N 96°53´W

63 J25 Lennox, Isla Eng. Lennox Island. island S Chile Lennox Island see Lennox, Isla 21 Q9 Lenoir North Carolina, SE USA 35°56´N 81°31´W 20 M9 Lenoir City Tennessee, S USA 35°48´N 84°15´W 108 C7 Le Noirmont Jura, NW Switzerland

29 U15 103 O2 123 O11 111 F24 93 N14 107 L25

93 N15 119 H14 108 F7 109 R5 77 P13 109 V7 44 L9 171 O11 29 O7 97 K20 19 N11 102 I15 40 M12 42 I10 104 L4 29 V16 42 I9 104 K4 25 V9 25 U5

47°14´N 06°57´E Lenôtre, Lac c Québec, SE Canada Lenox Iowa, C USA 40°52´N 94°33´W Lens anc. Lendum, Lentium. Pas-de-Calais, N France 50°26´N 02°50´E Lensk Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 60°43´N 115°16´E Lenti Zala, SW Hungary 46°38´N 16°30´E Lentia see Linz Lentiira Kainuu, E Finland 64°22´N 29°52´E Lentiira see Lendery Lentini anc. Leontini. Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 37°17´N 15°00´E Lentium see Lens Lentschiza see Łęczyca Lentua c E Finland Lentvaris Pol. Landwarów. Vilnius, SE Lithuania 24°39´N 24°58´E Lenzburg Aargau, N Switzerland 47°23´N 08°11´E Lenzing Oberösterreich, N Austria 47°58´N 13°34´E Léo SW Burkina Faso 11°07´N 02°08´W Leoben Steiermark, C Austria 47°23´N 15°06´E Leobschütz see Głubczyce Léogâne S Haiti 18°32´N 72°37´W Leok Sulawesi, N Indonesia 01°10´N 121°20´E Leola South Dakota, N USA 45°41´N 98°58´W Leominster W England, United Kingdom 52°09´N 02°18´W Leominster Massachusetts, NE USA 42°29´N 71°43´W Léon Landes, SW France 43°54´N 01°17´W León var. León de los Aldamas. Guanajuato, C Mexico 21°05´N 101°43´W León León, NW Nicaragua 12°24´N 86°52´W León Castilla y León, NW Spain 42°34´N 05°34´W Leon Iowa, C USA 40°44´N 93°45´W León r department W Nicaragua León r province Castilla y León, NW Spain León see Cotopaxi Leona Texas, SW USA 31°09´N 95°58´W Leonard Texas, SW USA 33°22´N 96°15´W

Administrative Regions International Airport

28°52´S 121°16´E

Leon River j Texas, SW USA Leontini see Lentini Léopold II, Lac see MaiNdombe, Lac 99 J17 Leopoldsburg Limburg, NE Belgium 51°07´N 05°16´E Léopoldville see Kinshasa 26 I5 Leoti Kansas, C USA 116 M11 102 G8 27 X10 169 N13 104 I14 83 E25 83 I20

161 Q10

102 J9

64°54´N 45°48´E

95 L15 Lesjöfors Värmland, C Sweden 59°57´N 14°12´E 111 O18 Lesko Podkarpackie, SE Poland 49°28´N 22°19´E 113 O15 Leskovac Serbia, SE Serbia

40°09´N 20°39´E

Leskoviku see Leskovik 33 P14 Leslie Idaho, NW USA 43°51´N 113°28´W

31 Q10 Leslie Michigan, N USA 42°27´N 84°25´W

102 F5 112 J11 125 S13

38°28´N 101°22´W Leova Rus. Leovo. SW Moldova 46°31´N 28°16´E Leovo see Leova le Palais Morbihan, NW France 47°20´N 03°08´W Lepanto Arkansas, C USA 35°34´N 90°21´W Lepar, Pulau island W Indonesia Lepe Andalucía, S Spain 37°15´N 07°12´W Lepel’ see Lyepyel’ Lepelle var. Elefantes; prev. Olifants. j SW South Africa Lephepe var. Lephephe. Kweneng, SE Botswana 23°20´S 25°50´E Lephephe see Lephepe Leping Jiangxi, S China 28°57´N 117°07´E

122 G10 122 K12 83 J23

102 J12 108 C8 103 102

145 V13 Lepsi prev. Lepsy. Taldykorgan, SE Kazakhstan

137

79 G20 173 O16 103 N1 93 N17 45 Q11

14°48´N 61°14´W

45 74 99 95

45

46°14´N 78°56´E

145 V13 Lepsi prev. Lepsy. j SE Kazakhstan Lepsy see Lepsi Le Puglie see Puglia 103 Q12 le Puy prev. le Puy-en-Velay, hist. Anicium, Podium Anicensis. Haute-Loire, C France 45°03´N 03°53´E le Puy-en-Velay see le Puy 45 X11 le Raizet var. Le Raizet. k (Pointe-à-Pitre) Grande Terre, C Guadeloupe 16°16´N 61°31´W

107 J24 Lercara Friddi Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 78 106 54 105 105 40 115 45 115 30 27 29 18

95 96 45

102

37°45´N 13°37´E G12 Léré Mayo-Kébbi Ouest, SW Chad 09°41´N 14°17´E Leribe see Hlotse E10 Lerici Liguria, NW Italy 44°06´N 09°53´E I14 Lérida Vaupés, SE Colombia 0°01´S 70°28´W U5 Lérida r province Cataluña, NE Spain Lérida see Lleida N5 Lerma Castilla y León, N Spain 42°02´N 03°46´W M13 Lerma, Río j C Mexico Lerna see Lérni F20 Lérni var. Lerna. prehistoric site Pelopónnisos, S Greece R11 le Robert E Martinique 14°41´N 60°57´W M21 Léros island Dodekánisa, Greece, Aegean Sea L13 Le Roy Illinois, N USA 40°21´N 88°45´W Q6 Le Roy Kansas, C USA 38°04´N 95°37´W W11 Le Roy Minnesota, N USA 43°30´N 92°30´W E10 Le Roy New York, NE USA 42°58´N 77°58´W Lerrnayin Gharabakh see Nagorno-Karabakh J19 Lerum Västra Götaland, S Sweden 57°46´N 12°12´E M2 Lerwick NE Scotland, United Kingdom 60°09´N 01°09´W Y6 les Abymes var. Abymes. Grande Terre, C Guadeloupe 16°16´N 61°31´W les Albères see Albères, Chaîne des M4 les Andelys Eure, N France 49°15´N 01°26´E

45 Q12 les Anses-d’Arlets SW Martinique 104 L2

11 99

Les Arriondes prev. Arriondas. Asturias, N Spain

44°54´N 06°25´E

108 C10 Le Sépey Vaud, W Switzerland 46°21´N 07°04´E

Mountain Mountain Range

Les Ponts-de-Martel Neuchâtel, W Switzerland

43°27´N 04°26´E

14 G15 Lester B. Pearson var. Toronto. k (Toronto) Ontario, S Canada 29 U9 93 L16 29 U9 108 B8 115 L17 110 G12 83 L20 173 P17 97 O21 111 G25 11 Q17 55 S11 83 H18 54 J18 171 S16 83 I18 83 H20 114 J8

43°59´N 81°30´W Lester Prairie Minnesota, N USA 44°52´N 94°02´W Lestijärvi Keski-Pohjanmaa, W Finland 63°29´N 24°41´E L’Estuaire see Estuaire Le Sueur Minnesota, N USA 44°27´N 93°53´W Les Verrières Neuchâtel, W Switzerland 46°54´N 06°29´E Lésvos anc. Lesbos. island E Greece Leszno Ger. Lissa. Wielkopolskie, C Poland 51°51´N 16°35´E Letaba Northern, NE South Africa 23°44´S 31°29´E Le Tampon SW Réunion Letchworth E England, United Kingdom 51°58´N 00°14´W Letenye Zala, SW Hungary 46°25´N 16°44´E Lethbridge Alberta, SW Canada 49°43´N 112°48´W Lethem S Guyana 03°24´N 59°45´W Letiahau j W Botswana Leticia Amazonas, S Colombia 04°09´N 69°57´W Leti, Kepulauan island group E Indonesia Letlhakane Central, C Botswana 21°26´S 25°36´E Letlhakeng Kweneng, SE Botswana 24°05´S 25°03´E Letnitsa Lovech, N Bulgaria 43°19´N 25°02´E

103 N1 le Touquet-Paris-Plage Pas-de-Calais, N France 166 L8 166 K6

166 M12

97 E14

116 M6

40°18´N 00°07´E

103 T12 les Écrins l E France

48°35´N 04°19´W Lešnica Serbia, W Serbia 44°40´N 19°18´E Lesnoy Kirovskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 59°49´N 52°07´E Lesnoy Sverdlovskaya Oblast’, C Russian Federation 58°40´N 59°48´E Lesosibirsk Krasnoyarskiy Kray, C Russian Federation 58°13´N 92°23´E Lesotho off. Kingdom of Lesotho; prev. Basutoland. b monarchy S Africa Lesotho, Kingdom of see Lesotho Lesparre-Médoc Gironde, SW France 45°18´N 00°57´W

103 R16 les Stes-Maries-de-la-Mer Bouches-du-Rhône, SE France

43°23´N 05°11´W

105 U6 Les Borges Blanques var. Borjas Blancas. Cataluña, NE Spain 41°31´N 00°52´E Lesbos see Lésvos Les Cayes see Cayes 31 Q4 Les Cheneaux Islands island Michigan, N USA 105 T8 Les Coves de Vinromá Cast. Cuevas de Vinromá. Valenciana, E Spain

Leśna/Lesnaya see Lyasnaya Lesnaya see Lyasnaya Lesneven Finistère, NW France

47°00´N 06°45´E P1 Lesquin k Nord, N France 50°34´N 3°07´E I9 les Sables-d’Olonne Vendée, NW France 46°30´N 01°47´W S7 Lessach var. Lessachbach. j E Austria Lessachbach see Lessach W11 les Saintes var. Îles des Saintes. island group S Guadeloupe L5 Les Salines k (Annaba) NE Algeria 36°45´N 07°57´E J22 Lesse j SE Belgium M21 Lessebo Kronoberg, S Sweden 56°45´N 15°19´E Lesser Antarctica see West Antarctica P15 Lesser Antilles island group E West Indies T10 Lesser Caucasus Rus. Malyy Kavkaz. m SW Asia Lesser Khingan Range see Xiao Hinggan Ling P13 Lesser Slave Lake c Alberta, W Canada E19 Lessines Hainaut, SW Belgium 50°43´N 05°50´E

102 M2

14°29´N 61°05´W

103 P17 Leucate Aude, S France 42°55´N 03°03´E

103 P17 Leucate, Étang de c S France 108 E10 Leuk Valais, SW Switzerland 46°18´N 07°46´E

108 E10 Leukerbad Valais, SW Switzerland 46°22´N 07°47´E Leusden see Leusden-Centrum

98 K11 Leusden-Centrum var. Leusden. Utrecht, C Netherlands 52°08´N 05°25´E Leutensdorf see Litvínov Leutschau see Levoča 99 H18 Leuven Fr. Louvain, Ger. Löwen. Vlaams Brabant, C Belgium 50°53´N 04°42´E 99 I20 Leuze Namur, C Belgium 50°33´N 04°55´E

Leuze see Leuze-en-Hainaut 99 E19 Leuze-en-Hainaut var. Leuze. Hainaut, SW Belgium

43°00´N 21°58´E

113 M22 Leskovik var. Leskoviku. Korçë, S Albania

109

108 G10

46°02´N 07°27´E les Herbiers Vendée, NW France 46°52´N 01°01´W Lesh/Leshi see Lezhë

125 O8 Leshukonskoye Arkhangel’skaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation

Lépontiennes, Alpes/ Lepontine, Alpi see Lepontine Alps Lepontine Alps Fr. Alpes Lépontiennes, It. Alpi Lepontine. m Italy/ Switzerland Le Pool r province S Congo Le Port NW Réunion le Portel Pas-de-Calais, N France 50°42´N 01°35´E Leppävirta Pohjois-Savo, C Finland 62°30´N 27°50´E le Prêcheur NW Martinique

54°42´N 86°16´E

125 P15 Leninskoje Kirovskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 58°19´N 47°03´E Leninskoye see Uzynkol’ Lenin-Turkmenski see Türkmenabat Leninváros see Tiszaújváros Lenkoran’ see Länkäran 101 F15 Lenne j W Germany 101 G16 Lennestadt NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany

14 L9

37°11´N 22°50´E

46°19´N 39°23´E

124 H12 Leningradskaya Oblast’ r province NW Russian Federation Leningradskiy see Mu’minobod Lenino see Lyenina, Belarus Lenino see Lenine, Ukraine Leninobod see Khujand 145 X9 Leninogorsk Kaz. Lenīngor. Vostochnyy Kazakhstan, E Kazakhstan 50°20´N 83°34´E 147 T12 Lenin Peak Rus. Pik Lenina, Taj. Qullai Lenin. l Kyrgyzstan/Tajikistan

29°42´N 103°43´E

108 D11 Les Haudères Valais, SW Switzerland

62°07´N 08°56´E

42°36´N 12°56´E

107 K24 Leonforte Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea

104 J4

Les Escoumins Québec, SE Canada 48°21´N 69°26´W Les Gonaïves see Gonaïves 160 H9 Leshan Sichuan, C China 15 T7

Lesina see Hvar 107 M15 Lesina, Lago di c SE Italy 114 K13 Lesítse m NE Greece 94 G10 Lesja Oppland, S Norway

León, Montes de m NW Spain 180 K11 Leonora Western Australia

195 S16 Leningradskaya Russian research station Antarctica

147 S8

107 H15 Leonardo da Vinci prev. Fiumicino. k (Roma) Lazio, C Italy 41°48´N 12°15´E 21 X5 Leonardtown Maryland, NE USA 38°17´N 76°35´W 25 Q13 Leona River j Texas, SW USA 41 Z11 Leona Vicario Quintana Roo, SE Mexico

116 H14

Volcano River

50°31´N 01°36´E Letpadan Bago, SW Myanmar (Burma) 17°46´N 94°45´E Letpan Rakhine State, W Myanmar (Burma) 19°22´N 94°11´E le Tréport Seine-Maritime, N France 50°03´N 01°21´E Letsôk-aw Kyun var. Letsutan Island; prev. Domel Island. island Mergui Archipelago, S Myanmar (Burma) Letsutan Island see Letsôkaw Kyun Letterkenny Ir. Leitir Ceanainn. Donegal, NW Ireland 54°57´N 07°44´W Lettland see Latvia Letychiv Khmel’nyts’ka Oblast’, W Ukraine 49°24´N 27°39´E Lëtzebuerg see Luxembourg Leu Dolj, SW Romania 44°10´N 24°01´E Leucas see Lefkáda

Lake Reservoir

36 L4 93 E16 106 D10 107 H23 127 Q17 24 M5 39 P13 101 E16 111 J21

106 G6 115 E20 103 P14 184 L13 15 R10 21 P6 115 L21 18 L14 18 J15

111 L19

103 N9 114 J8 126 L6 187 X14 166 L6 97 O23 21 Z4

50°36´N 03°37´E Léva see Levice Levádia see Livádeia Levajok see Leavvajohka Levan Utah, W USA 39°33´N 111°51´W Levanger Nord-Trøndelag, C Norway 63°45´N 11°18´E Levanto Liguria, W Italy 44°12´N 09°33´E Levanzo, Isola di island Isole Egadi, S Italy Levashi Respublika Dagestan, SW Russian Federation 42°27´N 47°19´E Levelland Texas, SW USA 33°35´N 102°23´W Levelock Alaska, USA 59°07´N 156°51´W Leverkusen NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 51°02´N 07°E Levice Ger. Lewentz, Hung. Léva, Lewenz. Nitriansky Kraj, SW Slovakia 48°14´N 18°38´E Levico Terme TrentinoAlto Adige, N Italy 46°02´N 11°19´E Levídi Pelopónnisos, S Greece 37°39´N 22°13´E le Vigan Gard, S France 43°00´N 03°36´E Levin Manawatu-Wanganui, North Island, New Zealand 40°38´S 175°17´E Lévis var. Levis. Québec, SE Canada 46°47´N 71°12´W Levis see Lévis Levisa Fork j Kentucky/ Virginia, S USA Levítha island Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea Levittown Long Island, New York, NE USA 40°42´N 73°29´W Levittown Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°09´N 74°50´W Levkás see Lefkáda Levkímmi see Lefkímmi Levoča Ger. Leutschau, Hung. Locse. Prešovský Kraj, E Slovakia 49°01´N 20°34´E Lévrier, Baie du see Nouâdhibou, Dakhlet Levroux Indre, C France 47°00´N 01°37´E Levski Pleven, N Bulgaria 43°21´N 25°11´E Levskigrad see Karlovo Lev Tolstoy Lipetskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 53°12´N 39°28´E Levuka Ovalau, C Fiji 17°42´S 178°50´E Lewe Mandalay, C Myanmar (Burma) 19°40´N 96°04´E Lewentz/Lewenz see Levice Lewes SE England, United Kingdom 50°52´N 00°01´E Lewes Delaware, NE USA 38°46´N 75°08´W

29 Q12 Lewis And Clark Lake d Nebraska/South Dakota, N USA 18 G14 Lewisburg Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°57´N 76°52´W 20 J10 Lewisburg Tennessee, S USA 35°29´N 86°49´W

32 M10

Lewisburg West Virginia, NE USA 37°49´N 80°28´W Lewis, Butt of headland NW Scotland, United Kingdom 58°31´N 06°18´W Lewis, Isle of island NW Scotland, United Kingdom Lewis, Mount l Nevada, W USA 40°22´N 116°50´W Lewis Pass pass South Island, New Zealand Lewis Range m Montana, NW USA Lewis Smith Lake d Alabama, S USA Lewiston Idaho, NW USA

19 P7

Lewiston Maine, NE USA

21 S6 96 F6 96 F7 35 U4 185 H16 33 P7 23 O3

46°25´N 117°01´W 44°08´N 70°14´W

29 X10 Lewiston Minnesota, N USA 43°58´N 91°52´W

18 D9 Lewiston New York, NE USA 36 L1 30 K13 33 T9 27 T14 25 T6 25 T6

23 U3 20 M5 22 L4 27 S4 29 N16 20 S9 27 N11 21 R12 20 G9 25 T10

43°10´N 79°02´W Lewiston Utah, W USA 41°58´N 111°52´W Lewistown Illinois, N USA 40°23´N 90°09´W Lewistown Montana, NW USA 47°04´N 109°26´W Lewisville Arkansas, C USA 33°21´N 93°38´W Lewisville Texas, SW USA 33°00´N 96°57´W Lewisville, Lake d Texas, SW USA Le Woleu-Ntem see Woleu-Ntem Lexington Georgia, SE USA 33°51´N 83°04´W Lexington Kentucky, S USA 38°03´N 84°30´W Lexington Mississippi, S USA 33°06´N 90°03´W Lexington Missouri, C USA 39°11´N 93°52´W Lexington Nebraska, C USA 40°46´N 99°44´W Lexington North Carolina, SE USA 35°49´N 80°15´W Lexington Oklahoma, C USA 35°00´N 97°20´W Lexington South Carolina, SE USA 33°59´N 81°15´W Lexington Tennessee, S USA 35°39´N 88°24´W Lexington Texas, SW USA 30°25´N 97°00´W

Lexington – LittLe Current 21 T6 21 X5 102 171 171 111

J14 Q5 Q6 O16

113 K18 113 K18 103 O16 126 J7

Lexington Virginia, NE USA 37°47´N 79°27´W Lexington Park Maryland, NE USA 38°16´N 76°27´W Leyden see Leiden Leyre j SW France Leyte island C Philippines Leyte Gulf gulf E Philippines Leżajsk Podkarpackie, SE Poland 50°15´N 22°25´E Lezha see Lezhë Lezhë var. Lezha; prev. Lesh, Leshi. Lezhë, NW Albania 41°46´N 19°40´E Lezhë r district NW Albania Lézignan-Corbières Aude, S France 43°12´N 02°46´E L’gov Kurskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 51°38´N 35°17´E

159 P15 Lhari Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 30°34´N 93°40´E 159 N16 Lhasa var. La-sa, Lassa. Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 159 O15 158 K16 158 K14 168 H7 159 Q15

29°41´N 91°10´E Lhasa He j W China Lhaviyani Atoll see Faadhippolhu Atoll Lhazê var. Quxar. Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 29°07´N 87°32´E Lhazhong Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 31°58´N 86°43´E Lhoksukon Sumatera, W Indonesia 05°04´N 97°19´E Lhorong var. Zito. Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 30°51´N 95°41´E

105 W6 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat var. Hospitalet. Cataluña, NE Spain 41°21´N 02°06´E 153 R11 Lhotse l China/Nepal 28°00´N 86°55´E

159 N17 Lhozhag var. Garbo. Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 28°21´N 90°47´E

159 O16 Lhünzê var. Xingba. Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 159 N15 167 N8 115 L21 161 P12

160 K9

161 O9 161 R12 160 L15

161 O13

160 M11 161 Q6 161 N13

161 P5 163 U13 163 T13 163 U11 163 U12

163 V12

163 V11

163 U12 10 M10 10 L10 149 O15 189 S6 138 H6

33 N7 79 I16 26 I7 27 R7 111 D15 111 D15 42 K12 76 K17

28°25´N 92°30´E Lhünzhub var. Ganqu. Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 30°14´N 91°20´E Li Lamphun, NW Thailand 17°46´N 98°54´E Liádi var. Livádi. island Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea Liancheng var. Lianfeng. Fujian, SE China 25°47´N 116°42´E Liancheng see Lianjiang, Guangdong, China Liancheng see Qinglong, Guizhou, China Liancheng see Guangnan, Yunnan, China Lianfeng see Liancheng Liangping var. Liangshan. Sichuan, C China 30°40´N 107°46´E Liangshan see Liangping Liangzhou see Wuwei Liangzi Hu d C China Lianjiang var. Fengcheng. Fujian, SE China 26°14´N 119°33´E Lianjiang var. Liancheng. Guangdong, S China 21°41´N 110°12´E Lianjiang see Xingguo Lianping var. Yuanshan. Guangdong, S China 24°18´N 114°27´E Lianshan see Huludao Lian Xian see Lianzhou Lianyuan prev. Lantian. Hunan, S China 27°51´N 111°44´E Lianyungang var. Xinpu. Jiangsu, E China 34°38´N 119°12´E Lianzhou var. Linxian; prev. Lian Xian. Guangdong, S China 24°48´N 112°26´E Lianzhou see Hepu Liao see Liaoning Liaocheng Shandong, E China 36°31´N 115°59´E Liaodong Bandao var. Liaotung Peninsula. peninsula NE China Liaodong Wan Eng. Gulf of Lantung, Gulf of Liaotung. gulf NE China Liao He j NE China Liaoning var. Liao, Liaoning Sheng, Shengking, hist. Fengtien, Shenking. r province NE China Liaoning Sheng see Liaoning Liaotung Peninsula see Liaodong Bandao Liaoyang var. Liao-yang. Liaoning, NE China 41°16´N 123°12´E Liao-yang see Liaoyang Liaoyuan var. Dongliao, Shuang-liao, Jap. Chengchiatun. Jilin, NE China 42°52´N 125°09´E Liaozhong Liaoning, NE China 41°33´N 122°54´E Liaqatabad see Piplān Liard j W Canada Liard see Fort Liard Liard River British Columbia, W Canada 59°23´N 126°05´W Liāri Baluchistān, SW Pakistan 25°43´N 66°28´E Liatroim see Leitrim Lib var. Ellep. island Ralik Chain, C Marshall Islands Liban see Lebanon Liban, Jebel Ar. Jabal al Gharbt, Jabal Lubnān, Eng. Mount Lebanon. m C Lebanon Libau see Liepāja Libby Montana, NW USA 48°25´N 115°33´W Libenge Equateur, NW Dem. Rep. Congo 03°39´N 18°39´E Liberal Kansas, C USA 37°03´N 100°56´W Liberal Missouri, C USA 37°33´N 94°31´W Liberalitas Julia see Évora Liberec Ger. Reichenberg. Liberecký Kraj, N Czech Republic 50°45´N 15°05´E Liberecky Kraj r region N Czech Republic Liberia Guanacaste, NW Costa Rica 10°36´N 85°26´W Liberia off. Republic of Liberia. b republic W Africa Liberia, Republic of see Liberia

61 D16 Libertad Corrientes, NE Argentina 30°01´S 57°51´W 61 E20 Libertad San José, S Uruguay 54 I7

34°38´S 56°39´W

Libertad Barinas, NW Venezuela 08°21´N 69°39´W

Libertad Cojedes, N Venezuela 09°15´N 68°30´W 62 G12 Libertador off. Región del Libertador General Bernardo O’Higgins. r region C Chile Libertador General Bernardo O’Higgins, Región del see Libertador Libertador General San Martín see Ciudad de Libertador General San Martín 20 L6 Liberty Kentucky, S USA 54 K6

22 J7 27 R4 18 J12 21 T9

99 J23

160 K13 113 L23 81 K18 102 K13 99 K23 113 M20

79 C18 75 P10

75 T11 75 T8 62 G12 107 J25 137 P14 97 L19 83 N14 109 V3 83 I21 101 K18 98 O12 99 C17 160 L9 27 V7 20 M4 112 C11

107 K19 119 H16 93 H17 29 R7 95 K21 95 P16 95 K17

106 I8 107 H15 115 E18 110 K9 110 L7 109 U3 181 P7 109 V8 108 I8

37°19´N 84°58´W Liberty Mississippi, S USA 31°09´N 90°49´W Liberty Missouri, C USA 39°15´N 94°22´W Liberty New York, NE USA 41°48´N 74°45´W Liberty North Carolina, SE USA 35°49´N 79°34´W Libian Desert see Libyan Desert Libin Luxembourg, SE Belgium 50°01´N 05°13´E Lībīyah, Aş Şahrā’ al see Libyan Desert Libo var. Yuping. Guizhou, S China 25°28´N 107°52´E Libohova see Libohovë Libohovë var. Libohova. Gjirokastër, S Albania 40°03´N 20°13´E Liboi Wajir, E Kenya 0°23´N 40°55´E Libourne Gironde, SW France 44°55´N 00°14´W Libramont Luxembourg, SE Belgium 49°55´N 05°21´E Librazhd var. Librazhdi. Elbasan, E Albania 41°10´N 20°22´E Librazhdi see Librazhd Libreville a (Gabon) Estuaire, NW Gabon 0°25´N 09°29´E Libya off. Great Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Ar. Al Jamāhīrīyah al ‘Arabīyah al Lībīyah ash Sha‘bīyah al Ishtirākīy; prev. Libyan Arab Republic. b Islamic state N Africa Libyan Arab Republic see Libya Libyan Desert var. Libian Desert, Ar. Aş Şahrā’ al Lībīyah. desert N Africa Libyan Plateau var. Aḑ Ḑiffah. plateau Egypt/Libya Licantén Maule, C Chile 35°00´S 72°00´W Licata anc. Phintias. Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 37°07´N 13°57´E Lice Dıyarbakır, SE Turkey 38°29´N 40°39´E Licheng see Lipu Lichfield C England, United Kingdom 52°42´N 01°48´W Lichinga Niassa, N Mozambique 13°19´S 35°13´E Lichtenau Niederösterreich, N Austria 48°29´N 15°24´E Lichtenburg North-West, N South Africa 26°09´S 26°11´E Lichtenfels Bayern, SE Germany 50°09´N 11°04´E Lichtenvoorde Gelderland, E Netherlands 51°59´N 06°34´E Lichtenwald see Sevnica Lichtervelde WestVlaanderen, W Belgium 51°02´N 03°09´E Lichuan Hubei, C China 30°20´N 108°56´E Licking Missouri, C USA 37°30´N 91°51´W Licking River j Kentucky, S USA Lički Osik Lika-Senj, C Croatia 44°36´N 15°24´E Ličko-Senjska Županija see Lika-Senj Licosa, Punta headland S Italy 40°15´N 14°54´E Lida Hrodzyenskaya Voblasts’, W Belarus 53°53´N 25°20´E Liden Västernorrland, C Sweden 62°43´N 16°49´E Lidgerwood North Dakota, N USA 46°04´N 97°09´W Lidhorikíon see Lidoríki Lidhult Kronoberg, S Sweden 56°49´N 13°25´E Lidingö Stockholm, C Sweden 59°22´N 18°10´E Lidköping Västra Götaland, S Sweden 58°30´N 13°10´E Lido di Iesolo see Lido di Jesolo Lido di Jesolo var. Lido di Iesolo. Veneto, NE Italy 45°30´N 12°37´E Lido di Ostia Lazio, C Italy 41°42´N 12°19´E Lidokhorikion see Lidoríki Lidoríki prev. Lidhorikíon, Lidokhorikion. Stereá Elláda, C Greece 38°32´N 22°12´E Lidzbark WarmińskoMazurskie, NE Poland 53°15´N 19°49´E Lidzbark Warmiński Ger. Heilsberg. Olsztyn, N Poland 54°08´N 20°35´E Liebenau Oberösterreich, N Austria 48°33´N 14°48´E Liebig, Mount l Northern Territory, C Australia 23°19´S 131°30´E Lieboch Steiermark, SE Austria 47°00´N 15°21´E Liechtenstein off. Principality of Liechtenstein. b principality C Europe

Liechtenstein, Principality of see Liechtenstein 99 F18 Liedekerke Vlaams Brabant, C Belgium 50°51´N 04°05´E 99 K19 Liège Dut. Luik, Ger. Lüttich. Liège, E Belgium

50°38´N 05°35´E 99 K20 Liège Dut. Luik. r province E Belgium Liegnitz see Legnica 93 O16 Lieksa Pohjois-Karjala, E Finland 63°20´N 30°E 118 F10 Lielupe j Latvia/Lithuania 118 G9 Lielvārde C Latvia 56°45´N 24°48´E

Country Country Capital

167 U13 Liên Hng var. Tuy Phong. Binh Thuân, S Vietnam 167 U13

109 P9 118 B10 99 H17 95 H15 99 L21 101 D18 109 U7 108 E6

103 O2

11°13´N 108°40´E Liên Nghia var. Liên Nghia var. Ðc Trong. Lâm Ðông, S Vietnam 11°45´N 108°24´E Liên Nghia see Liên Nghia Lienz Tirol, W Austria 46°50´N 12°45´E Liepāja Ger. Libau. W Latvia 56°32´N 21°02´E Lier Fr. Lierre. Antwerpen, N Belgium 51°08´N 04°35´E Lierbyen Buskerud, S Norway 59°57´N 10°14´E Lierneux Liège, E Belgium 50°12´N 05°51´E Lierre see Lier Lieser j W Germany Liesing j E Austria Liestal Basel Landschaft, N Switzerland 47°29´N 07°43´E Lietuva see Lithuania Lievenhof see Līvāni Liévin Pas-de-Calais, N France 50°25´N 02°48´E

14 M9 Lièvre, Rivière du j Québec, SE Canada 109 T6 Liezen Steiermark, C Austria 97 E14 187 Q16 193 Y15 171 P4 42 H2 183 Q4 103 N9 103 S5 83 P15 31 P11 81 I25

47°34´N 14°12´E Lifford Ir. Leifear. Donegal, NW Ireland 54°50´N 07°29´W Lifou island Îles Loyauté, E New Caledonia Lifuka island Ha‘apai Group, C Tonga Ligao Luzon, N Philippines 13°16´N 123°30´E Liger see Loire Lighthouse Reef reef E Belize Lightning Ridge New South Wales, SE Australia 29°29´S 148°00´E Lignières Cher, C France 46°45´N 02°10´E Ligny-en-Barrois Meuse, NE France 48°42´N 05°22´E Ligonha j NE Mozambique Ligonier Indiana, N USA 41°25´N 85°33´W Ligunga Ruvuma, S Tanzania 10°51´S 37°10´E

106 D9 Ligure, Appennino Eng. Ligurian Mountains. m NW Italy Ligure, Mar see Ligurian Sea 106 C9 Liguria r region NW Italy Ligurian Mountains see Ligure, Appennino 120 K6 Ligurian Sea Fr. Mer Ligurienne, It. Mar Ligure. sea N Mediterranean Sea Ligurienne, Mer see Ligurian Sea 186 H5 Lihir Group island group NE Papua New Guinea 38 B8 Līhu‘e var. Lihue. Kaua‘i, Hawaii, USA 21°59´N 159°23´W Lihue see Līhu‘e 118 F5 Lihula Ger. Leal. Läänemaa, W Estonia 58°44´N 23°49´E 124 I2 Liinakhamari var. Linacmamari. Murmanskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 69°40´N 31°27´E Liivi Laht see Riga, Gulf of 160 F11 Lijiang var. Dayan, Lijiang Naxizu Zizhixian. Yunnan, SW China 26°52´N 100°10´E Lijiang Naxizu Zizhixian see Lijiang 112 C11 Lika-Senj off. Ličko-Senjska Županija. r province W Croatia 79 N25 Likasi prev. Jadotville. Shaba, SE Dem. Rep. Congo 11°02´S 26°51´E

79 L16 Likati Orientale, N Dem. Rep. Congo 03°28´N 23°45´E 10 M15 Likely British Columbia, SW Canada 52°40´N 121°34´W 153 Y11 Likhapāni Assam, NE India

94 K13 Lima Dalarna, C Sweden 60°55´N 13°19´E

31 R12 Lima Ohio, NE USA 40°43´N 84°06´W

57 D14 Lima r department W Peru Lima see Jorge Chávez Internacional 137 Y13 Liman prev. Port-İliç. SE Azerbaijan 38°54´N 48°49´E 111 L17 Limanowa Małopolskie, S Poland 49°43´N 20°25´E 104 G5 Lima, Rio Sp. Limia. j Portugal/Spain see also Limia Lima, Rio see Limia 168 M11 Limas Pulau Sebangka, W Indonesia 0°09´N 104°31´E Limassol see Lemesós 97 F14 Limavady Ir. Léim An Mhadaidh. NW Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 55°03´N 06°57´W

63 J14 Limay Mahuida La Pampa, C Argentina 37°09´S 66°40´W 63 H15 Limay, Río j W Argentina 101 N16 Limbach-Oberfrohna Sachsen, E Germany 50°52´N 12°46´E

81 F22 Limba Limba j  C Tanzania 107 C17 Limbara, Monte l Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 40°50´N 09°10´E

118 G7 Limbaži Est. Lemsalu. N Latvia 57°33´N 24°46´E 44 M8 Limbé N Haiti 19°44´N 72°25´W

99 L19 Limbourg Liège, E Belgium 50°37´N 05°56´E 99 K17 Limburg r province NE Belgium 99 L16 Limburg r province SE Netherlands

101 F17 Limburg an der Lahn Hessen, W Germany 50°22´N 08°04´E

94 K13 Limedsforsen Dalarna, C Sweden 60°52´N 13°25´E 60 L9 Limeira São Paulo, S Brazil 22°34´S 47°25´W

97 C19 Limerick Ir. Luimneach. Limerick, SW Ireland 97 C20 19 S2 25 U9 39 P12 95 F20 95 J23 104 H5

93 L14 115 G17 115 J15 102 M11

43 O13 42 K4 37 U5 43 N13 106 A10

27°19´N 95°54´E

124 J16 Likhoslavl’ Tverskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 57°08´N 35°27´E 189 U5 Likiep Atoll atoll Ratak Chain, C Marshall Islands 95 D18 Liknes Vest-Agder, S Norway 58°20´N 06°58´E 79 H16 Likouala r province NE Congo 79 H18 Likouala j N Congo

79 H18 Likouala aux Herbes j E Congo 190 B16 Liku E Niue 19°02´S 169°47´E Likupang, Selat see Bangka, Selat 27 Y8 Lilbourn Missouri, C USA 103 X14 109 W5 161 N11 95 J18 103 P1

95 G24 102 L3 94 H12 103 O1 95 F18 95 I15 93 F18 21 U10 105 O9 10 M16 83 M14 83 M14 83 M14 171 P7 182 J7 183 P16 113 J14 57 D15

36°35´N 89°37´W l’Île-Rousse Corse, France, C Mediterranean Sea 42°39´N 08°59´E Lilienfeld Niederösterreich, NE Austria 48°01´N 15°36´E Liling Hunan, S China 27°42´N 113°49´E Lilla Edet Västra Götaland, S Sweden 58°08´N 12°08´E Lille var. l’Isle, Dut. Rijssel, Flem. Ryssel, prev. Lisle; anc. Insula. Nord, N France 50°38´N 03°04´E Lillebælt var. Lille Bælt, Eng. Little Belt. strait S Denmark Lille Bælt see Lillebælt Lillebonne Seine-Maritime, N France 49°30´N 00°34´E Lillehammer Oppland, S Norway 61°07´N 10°28´E Lillers Pas-de-Calais, N France 50°34´N 02°26´E Lillesand Aust-Agder, S Norway 58°15´N 08°23´E Lillestrøm Akershus, S Norway 59°58´N 11°05´E Lillhärdal Jämtland, C Sweden 61°51´N 14°04´E Lillington North Carolina, SE USA 35°25´N 78°50´W Lillo Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 39°43´N 03°19´W Lillooet British Columbia, SW Canada 50°41´N 121°59´W Lilongwe a (Malawi) Central , W Malawi 13°58´S 33°48´E Lilongwe k Central, W Malawi 13°46´S 33°44´E Lilongwe j W Malawi Liloy Mindanao, S Philippines 08°04´N 122°42´E Lilybaeum see Marsala Lilydale South Australia 32°57´S 140°00´E Lilydale Tasmania, SE Australia 41°17´S 147°13´E Lim j SE Europe Lima a (Peru) Lima, W Peru 12°06´S 78°W

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

103 N11 103 N16 83 J20

83 L19

160 K17 113 M20

62 G13 54 C13 41 O9 105 N12 107 G15 106 D8 167 T8 160 F13

61 B20 185 H19 97 N18

35 O6 30 L13 26 M4 19 S5 27 T5 29 R16 32 F11 167 X10 197 Q11

52°40´N 08°38´W Limerick Ir. Luimneach. cultural region SW Ireland Limestone Maine, NE USA 46°52´N 67°49´W Limestone, Lake c Texas, SW USA Lime Village Alaska, USA 61°21´N 155°26´W Limfjorden fjord N Denmark Limhamn Skåne, S Sweden 55°34´N 12°57´E Limia Port. Rio Lima. j Portugal/Spain see also Lima,Rio Limia see Lima, Rio Liminka Pohjois-Pohjanmaa, C Finland 64°48´N 25°19´E Limín Vathéos see Sámos Límni Évvoia, C Greece 38°46´N 23°20´E Límnos anc. Lemnos. island E Greece Limoges anc. Augustoritum Lemovicensium, Lemovices. Haute-Vienne, C France 45°51´N 01°16´E Limón var. Puerto Limón. Limón, E Costa Rica 09°59´N 83°02´W Limón Colón, NE Honduras 15°50´N 85°31´W Limon Colorado, C USA 39°15´N 103°41´W Limón off. Provincia de Limón. r province E Costa Rica Limone Piemonte Piemonte, NE Italy 44°12´N 07°37´E Limones see Valdéz Limón, Provincia de see Limón Limonum see Poitiers Limousin r region C France Limoux Aude, S France 43°03´N 02°13´E Limpopo off. Limpopo Province; prev. Northern, Northern Transvaal. r province NE South Africa Limpopo var. Crocodile. j S Africa Limpopo Province see Limpopo Limu Ling m S China Lin var. Lini. Elbasan, E Albania 41°03´N 20°37´E Linacmamari see Liinakhamari Linares Maule, C Chile 35°50´S 71°37´W Linares Nariño, SW Colombia 01°24´N 77°30´W Linares Nuevo León, NE Mexico 24°54´N 99°38´W Linares Andalucía, S Spain 38°05´N 03°38´W Linaro, Capo headland C Italy 42°01´N 11°49´E Linate k (Milano) Lombardia, N Italy 45°27´N 09°18´E Lin Camh prev. Ðc Tho. Ha Tinh, N Vietnam 18°30´N 105°36´E Lincang Yunnan, SW China 23°55´N 100°03´E Lincheng see Lingao Linchuan see Fuzhou Lincoln Buenos Aires, E Argentina 34°54´S 61°30´W Lincoln Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand 43°37´S 172°30´E Lincoln anc. Lindum, Lindum Colonia. E England, United Kingdom 53°14´N 00°33´W Lincoln California, W USA 38°52´N 121°18´W Lincoln Illinois, N USA 40°09´N 89°21´W Lincoln Kansas, C USA 39°03´N 98°09´W Lincoln Maine, NE USA 45°22´N 68°30´W Lincoln Missouri, C USA 38°23´N 93°19´W Lincoln state capital Nebraska, C USA 40°46´N 96°43´W Lincoln City Oregon, NW USA 44°57´N 124°01´W Lincoln Island Chin. Dong Dao, Viet. Ðao Linh Côn. island E Paracel Islands Lincoln Sea sea Arctic Ocean

Administrative Regions International Airport

97 N18 Lincolnshire cultural region E England, United Kingdom 21 R10 Lincolnton North Carolina, SE USA 35°27´N 81°16´W 25 V7 Lindale Texas, SW USA

163 Y8

101 I25

25 S16

123 P9 55 T9 23 O6 20 H9 25 X6 44 H2 18 J16 95 M15 95 D18 81 K24 81 J24 79 N17 163 V7 185 E21 83 J22 95 J19 163 S10 115 O23 14 I14 35 R11 33 X8 27 N11 27 N5 95 N21

32°31´N 95°24´W Lindau var. Lindau am Bodensee. Bayern, S Germany 47°33´N 09°41´E Lindau am Bodensee see Lindau Linde j NE Russian Federation Linden E Guyana 05°58´N 58°12´W Linden Alabama, S USA 32°18´N 87°48´W Linden Tennessee, S USA 35°38´N 87°50´W Linden Texas, SW USA 33°01´N 94°22´W Linden Pindling k New Providence, C The Bahamas 25°00´N 77°26´W Lindenwold New Jersey, NE USA 39°47´N 74°58´W Lindesberg Örebro, C Sweden 59°36´N 15°15´E Lindesnes headland S Norway 57°58´N 07°03´E Líndhos see Líndos Lindi Lindi, SE Tanzania 10°S 39°41´E Lindi r region SE Tanzania Lindi j NE Dem. Rep. Congo Lindian Heilongjiang, NE China 47°15´N 124°51´E Lindis Pass pass South Island, New Zealand Lindley Free State, C South Africa 27°52´S 27°55´E Lindome Västra Götaland, S Sweden 57°34´N 12°05´E Lindong var. Bairin Zuoqi. Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China 43°59´N 119°24´E Líndos var. Líndhos. Ródos, Dodekánisa, Greece, Aegean Sea 36°05´N 28°05´E Lindsay Ontario, SE Canada 44°21´N 78°44´W Lindsay California, W USA 36°11´N 119°06´W Lindsay Montana, NW USA 47°13´N 105°10´W Lindsay Oklahoma, C USA 34°50´N 97°37´W Lindsborg Kansas, C USA 38°34´N 97°39´W Lindsdal Kalmar, S Sweden 56°44´N 16°18´E

Lindum/Lindum Colonia see Lincoln 191 W3 Line Islands island group E Kiribati Linëvo see Linova 160 M5 Linfen var. Lin-fen. Shanxi, C China 36°08´N 111°34´E Lin-fen see Linfen 104 L2 L’Infiestu prev. Infiesto. Asturias, N Spain 43°21´N 05°21´W

155 F18 Linganamakki Reservoir d SW India 160 L17 Lingao var. Lincheng. Hainan, S China 19°44´N 109°23´E

171 N3 Lingayen Luzon, N Philippines 16°00´N 120°12´E 160 M6 Lingbao var. Guolüezhen. Henan, C China 34°34´N 110°50´E

94 N12 Lingbo Gävleborg, C Sweden

100 E12

168 M11 168 L11 14 J14 94 M13 33 Z15 18 G15 160 M12 79 K18 160 L15 160 L17

155 G16 107 L23 76 H10 159 W8

163 S12 163 U4 161 S10 59 O20

139 S1

95 M18

61°04´N 16°45´E Lingcheng see Lingshan, Guangxi, China Lingcheng see Beiliu,Guangxi, China Lingeh see Bandar-e Lengeh Lingen var. Lingen an der Ems. Niedersachsen, NW Germany 52°31´N 07°19´E Lingen an der Ems see Lingen Lingga, Kepulauan island group W Indonesia Lingga, Pulau island Kepulauan Lingga, W Indonesia Lingham Lake c Ontario, SE Canada Linghed Dalarna, C Sweden 60°48´N 15°55´E Lingle Wyoming, C USA 42°07´N 104°21´W Linglestown Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°20´N 76°46´W Lingling prev. Yongzhou, Zhishan. Hunan, S China 26°13´N 111°36´E Lingomo 11 Equateur, NW Dem. Rep. Congo 0°42´N 21°59´E Lingshan var. Lingcheng. Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, S China 22°28´N 109°19´E Lingshui var. Lingshui Lizu Zizhixian. Hainan, S China 18°35´N 110°03´E Lingshui Lizu Zizhixian see Lingshui Lingsugūr Karnātaka, C India 16°13´N 76°33´E Linguaglossa Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 37°51´N 15°06´E Linguère N Senegal 15°24´N 15°06´W Lingwu Ningxia, N China 38°04´N 106°21´E Lingxi see Yongshun, Hunan, China Lingxi see Cangnan, Zhejiang, China Lingxian/Ling Xian see Yanling Lingyuan Liaoning, NE China 41°09´N 119°24´E Linhai Heilongjiang, NE China 51°30´N 124°18´E Linhai var. Taizhou. Zhejiang, SE China 28°54´N 121°08´E Linhares Espírito Santo, SE Brazil 19°22´S 40°04´W Linh Côn, Ðao see Lincoln Island Linhe see Bayannur Lini see Lin Līnik, Chiyā-ē see Linkî, Chiya-î Linjiang see Shanghang Linkî, Chiya-î Ar. Jabal Linkī, var. Chiyā-ē Līnik, Chiyā-î Linkî Kurezûr. m N Iraq Linkī, Jabal see Linkî, Chiya-î Linköping Östergötland, S Sweden 58°25´N 15°37´E

Mountain Mountain Range

Volcano River

Linkou Heilongjiang, NE China 45°18´N 130°17´E 118 F11 Linkuva Šiaulai, N Lithuania 27 V5

27 T2 96 H10 119 G19 161 O5 60 K8 93 F17 160 J9 44 K12 159 U11 159 V11 15 S12 108 H8 108 H8 31 N15 29 N6 163 R11 159 U11

161 P4 161 Q6 160 M6 109 T4 159 S8 44 J13 103 Q16

56°06´N 23°58´E

Linn Missouri, C USA

38°29´N 91°51´W Linn Texas, SW USA 26°32´N 98°06´W Linneus Missouri, C USA 39°53´N 93°10´W Linnhe, Loch inlet W Scotland, United Kingdom Linova Rus. Linëvo. Brestskaya Voblasts’, SW Belarus 52°29´N 24°30´E Linqing Shandong, E China 36°51´N 115°42´E Lins São Paulo, S Brazil 21°40´S 49°44´W Linsell Jämtland, C Sweden 62°10´N 14°E Linshui Sichuan, C China 30°24´N 106°54´E Linstead C Jamaica 18°08´N 77°02´W Lintan Gansu, N China 34°43´N 101°27´E Lintao var. Taoyang. Gansu, C China 35°23´N 103°54´E Lintère j Québec, SE Canada Linth j NW Switzerland Linthal Glarus, NE Switzerland 46°59´N 08°57´E Linton Indiana, N USA 39°01´N 87°10´W Linton North Dakota, N USA 46°16´N 100°13´W Linxi Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China 43°29´N 117°59´E Linxia var. Linxia Huizu Zizhizhou. Gansu, C China 35°34´N 103°08´E Linxia Huizu Zizhizhou see Linxia Linxian see Lianzhou Linyi var. Yishi. Shandong, E China 37°12´N 116°54´E Linyi Shandong, S China 37°06´N 118°18´E Linyi Shanxi, C China 35°10´N 118°18´E Linz anc. Lentia. Oberösterreich, N Austria 48°19´N 14°18´E Linze var. Shahe; prev. Shahepu. Gansu, N China 39°06´N 100°03´E Lionel Town C Jamaica 17°49´N 77°14´W Lion, Golfe du Eng. Gulf of Lion, Gulf of Lions; anc. Sinus Gallicus. gulf S France

Lion, Gulf of/Lions, Gulf of see Lion, Golfe du 83 K16 Lions Den Mashonaland West, N Zimbabwe 17°16´S 30°00´E

14 F13 Lion’s Head Ontario, S Canada 44°59´N 81°16´W Lios Ceannúir, Bá see Liscannor Bay Lios Mór see Lismore Lios na gCearrbhach see Lisburn Lios Tuathail see Listowel 79 G17 Liouesso Sangha, N Congo 171 O4 25 S7

01°02´N 15°43´E Liozno see Lyozna Lipa off. Lipa City. Luzon, N Philippines 13°57´N 121°10´E Lipa City see Lipa Lipan Texas, SW USA 32°31´N 98°03´W

Lipari Islands/Lipari, Isole see Eolie, Isole 107 L22 Lipari, Isola island Isole Eolie, S Italy 116 L8 Lipcani Rus. Lipkany. N Moldova 48°16´N 26°47´E 93 N17 Liperi Pohjois-Karjala, SE Finland 62°33´N 29°29´E 126 L7 Lipetsk Lipetskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 126 K6 57 K22 110 E10 112 G9 124 L12 160 L12

19 N7 Lisbon New Hampshire, NE USA 44°11´N 71°52´W 29 Q6 Lisbon North Dakota, N USA 46°27´N 97°42´W

Lisbon see Lisboa 19 Q8 Lisbon Falls Maine, NE USA 44°00´N 70°03´W

97 G15 Lisburn Ir. Lios na gCearrbhach. E Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 38 L6 97 B19 113 Q18 160 F13 163 V10 161 R10 192 L5

102 L4 126 L8

103 N4 103 R15 15 S9 183 V4 182 M12 97 D20

98 H11 114 K13 95 D18 95 D18 195 R13 126 M8

14 F15 97 B20 160 L14 160 F9 160 F10 55 X12 138 G8

30 K14 29 U8 36 K13 183 S8 115 I26

118 D12

52°37´N 39°38´E

Lipetskaya Oblast’ r province W Russian Federation Lipez, Cordillera de m SW Bolivia Lipiany Ger. Lippehne. Zachodnio-pomorskie, W Poland 53°00´N 14°58´E Lipik Požega-Slavonija, NE Croatia 45°24´N 17°08´E Lipin Bor Vologodskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 60°12´N 38°04´E Liping var. Defeng. Guizhou, S China

109 U11 18 H15 115 F15

26°16´N 109°08´E

Lipkany see Lipcani 119 H15 Lipnishki Hrodzyenskaya Voblasts’, W Belarus 110 J10 116 F11

101 E14 101 G14 25 P1

54°00´N 25°37´E Lipno Kujawsko-pomorskie, C Poland 52°52´N 19°11´E Lipova Hung. Lippa. Arad, W Romania 46°05´N 21°42´E Lipovets see Lypovets’ Lippa see Lipova Lippe j W Germany Lippehne see Lipiany Lippstadt NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 51°41´N 08°20´E Lipscomb Texas, SW USA 36°14´N 100°16´W Lipsia/Lipsk see Leipzig

Liptau-Sankt-Nikolaus/ Liptószentmiklós see Liptovský Mikuláš 111 K19 Liptovský Mikuláš Ger. Liptau-Sankt-Nikolaus, Hung. Liptószentmiklós. Zílinský Kraj, N Slovakia 49°06´N 19°36´E

183 O13 Liptrap, Cape headland Victoria, SE Australia 38°55´S 145°58´E

160 L13 Lipu var. Licheng. Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, S China 81 G17 57 F15 107 K17 144 M8 79 K17 104 F11

104 F10

24°25´N 110°15´E Lira N Uganda 02°15´N 32°55´E Lircay Huancavelica, C Peru 12°59´S 74°44´W Liri j C Italy Lisakovsk Kostanay, NW Kazakhstan 52°32´N 62°32´E Lisala Equateur, N Dem. Rep. Congo 02°10´N 21°29´E Lisboa Eng. Lisbon; anc. Felicitas Julia, Olisipo. a (Portugal) Lisboa, W Portugal 38°44´N 09°08´W Lisboa Eng. Lisbon. r district C Portugal

Lake Reservoir

111 C15 111 F17 111 G17 123 S13

44 G1 111 I21

151 Q20 26 M5 184 L4 38 M11 27 O2 44 D8 11 X11 166 J10 36 L10 14 E11

54°31´N 06°03´W Lisburne, Cape headland Alaska, USA 68°52´N 166°13´W Liscannor Bay Ir. Bá Lios Ceannúir. inlet W Ireland Lisec l E  FYR Macedonia 41°46´N 22°30´E Lishe Jiang j SW China Lishi see Lüliang Lishu Jilin, NE China 43°25´N 124°19´E Lishui Zhejiang, SE China 28°27´N 119°25´E Lisianski Island island Hawaiian Islands, Hawai‘i, USA Lisichansk see Lysychans’k Lisieux anc. Noviomagus. Calvados, N France 49°09´N 00°13´E Liski prev. Georgiu-Dezh. Voronezhskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 51°00´N 39°36´E l’Isle-Adam Val-d’Oise, N France 49°07´N 02°13´E Lisle/l’Isle see Lille l’Isle-sur-la-Sorgue Vaucluse, SE France 43°55´N 05°03´E L’Islet Québec, SE Canada 47°07´N 70°18´W Lismore New South Wales, SE Australia 28°48´S 153°12´E Lismore Victoria, SE Australia 37°59´S 143°18´E Lismore Ir. Lios Mór. S Ireland 52°10´N 07°10´W Lissa see Vis, Croatia Lissa see Leszno, Poland Lisse Zuid-Holland, W Netherlands 52°15´N 04°33´E Líssos var. Filiouri. j NE Greece Lista peninsula S Norway Listafjorden fjord S Norway Lister, Mount l Antarctica 78°12´S 161°46´E Listopadovka Voronezhskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 51°54´N 41°08´E Listowel Ontario, S Canada 43°44´N 80°57´W Listowel Ir. Lios Tuathail. Kerry, SW Ireland 52°27´N 09°29´W Litang Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, S China 23°09´N 109°08´E Litang var. Gaocheng. Sichuan, C China 30°03´N 100°12´E Litang Qu j C China Litani var. Itany. j French Guiana/Suriname Lītani, Nahr el var. Nahr al Litant. j C Lebanon Litant, Nahr al see Lītani, Nahr el Litauen see Lithuania Litchfield Illinois, N USA 39°17´N 89°52´W Litchfield Minnesota, N USA 45°09´N 94°31´W Litchfield Park Arizona, SW USA 33°29´N 112°21´W Lithgow New South Wales, SE Australia 33°30´S 150°09´E Líthino, Akrotírio headland Kríti, Greece, E Mediterranean Sea 34°55´N 24°43´E Lithuania off. Republic of Lithuania, Ger. Litauen, Lith. Lietuva, Pol. Litwa, Rus. Litva; prev. Lithuanian SSR, Rus. Litovskaya SSR. b republic NE Europe Lithuanian SSR see Lithuania Lithuania, Republic of see Lithuania Litija Ger. Littai. C Slovenia 46°03´N 14°50´E Lititz Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°09´N 76°18´W Litóchoro var. Litohoro, Litókhoron. Kentrikí Makedonía, N Greece 40°06´N 22°30´E Litohoro/Litókhoron see Litóchoro Litoměřice Ger. Leitmeritz. Ústecký Kraj, NW Czech Republic 50°33´N 14°10´E Litomyšl Ger. Leitomischl. Pardubický Kraj, C Czech Republic 49°54´N 16°18´E Litovel Ger. Littau. Olomoucký Kraj, E Czech Republic 49°42´N 17°05´E Litovko Khabarovskiy Kray, SE Russian Federation 49°22´N 135°10´E Litovskaya SSR see Lithuania Littai see Litija Littau see Litovel Little Abaco var. Abaco Island. island N The Bahamas Little Alföld Ger. Kleines Ungarisches Tiefland, Hung. Kisalföld, Slvk. Podunajská Rovina. plain Hungary/ Slovakia Little Andaman island Andaman Islands, India, NE Indian Ocean Little Arkansas River j Kansas, C USA Little Barrier Island island N New Zealand Little Belt see Lillebælt Little Black River j Alaska, USA Little Blue River j Kansas/ Nebraska, C USA Little Cayman island E Cayman Islands Little Churchill j Manitoba, C Canada Little Coco Island island SW Myanmar (Burma) Little Colorado River j Arizona, SW USA Little Current Manitoulin Island, Ontario, S Canada 45°57´N 81°56´W

279

LittLe Current – LörraCh 12 E11 Little Current j Ontario, S Canada 38 L8 Little Diomede Island island Alaska, USA 44 I4 Little Exuma island C The Bahamas 29 U7 Little Falls Minnesota, N USA 45°59´N 94°21´W 18 J10 Little Falls New York, NE USA 43°02´N 74°51´W 24 M5 Littlefield Texas, SW USA

Livanátai see Livanátes 115 G18 Livanátes prev. Livanátai. Stereá Elláda, C Greece

29 V3

106 I7 35 O6

33°56´N 102°20´W Littlefork Minnesota, N USA 48°24´N 93°33´W

Little Fork River j Minnesota, N USA 11 N16 Little Fort British Columbia, SW Canada 51°27´N 120°15´W 11 Y14 Little Grand Rapids Manitoba, C Canada 29 V3

52°06´N 95°29´W

97 N23 Littlehampton SE England, United Kingdom 35 T2 44 K6 21 Q4 83 F25 39 O16 44 H12

50°48´N 00°33´W

Little Humboldt River j Nevada, W USA Little Inagua var. Inagua Islands. island S The Bahamas Little Kanawha River j West Virginia, NE USA Little Karoo plateau S South Africa Little Koniuji Island island Shumagin Islands, Alaska, USA Little London W Jamaica 18°15´N 78°13´W

13 R10 Little Mecatina Fr. Rivière du Petit Mécatina. j Newfoundland and Labrador/Québec, E Canada 96 F8 Little Minch, The strait NW Scotland, United Kingdom 27 T13 Little Missouri River j Arkansas, USA 28 J7 Little Missouri River j NW USA 28 J3 Little Muddy River j North Dakota, N USA 151 Q22 Little Nicobar island Nicobar Islands, India, NE Indian Ocean 27 R6 Little Osage River j Missouri, C USA 97 P20 Little Ouse j E England, United Kingdom 149 V2 Little Pamir Pash. Pāmīr-e Khord, Rus. Malyy Pamir. m Afghanistan/Tajikistan 21 U12 Little Pee Dee River j North Carolina/South Carolina, SE USA 27 V10 Little Red River j Arkansas, C USA Little Rhody see Rhode Island 185 I19 Little River Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand 43°45´S 172°49´E

21 U12 Little River South Carolina, SE USA 33°52´N 78°36´W 27 Y9 Little River j Arkansas/ Missouri, C USA 27 R13 Little River j Arkansas/ Oklahoma, USA 23 T7 Little River j Georgia, SE USA 22 H6 Little River j Louisiana, S USA 25 T10 Little River j Texas, SW USA 27 V12 Little Rock state capital Arkansas, C USA 34°45´N 92°17´W

31 N8 Little Sable Point headland Michigan, N USA 43°38´N 86°32´W

103 U11 Little Saint Bernard Pass Fr. Col du Petit St-Bernard, It. Colle del Piccolo San Bernardo. pass France/Italy 36 K7 Little Salt Lake c Utah, W USA 180 K8 Little Sandy Desert desert Western Australia 29 S13 Little Sioux River j Iowa, C USA 38 E17 Little Sitkin Island island Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA 11 O13 Little Smoky Alberta, W Canada 54°35´N 117°06´W 11 O14 Little Smoky j Alberta, W Canada 37 P3 Little Snake River j Colorado, C USA 64 A12 Little Sound bay Bermuda, NW Atlantic Ocean 37 T4 Littleton Colorado, C USA 39°36´N 105°01´W 19 N7 Littleton New Hampshire, NE USA 44°18´N 71°46´W 18 D11 Little Valley New York, NE USA 42°15´N 78°47´W

30 M15 Little Wabash River j Illinois, N USA 14 D10 Little White River j Ontario, S Canada 28 M12 Little White River j South Dakota, N USA 25 R5 Little Wichita River j Texas, SW USA 142 I4 Little Zab Ar. Nahraz Zāb aş Şaghīr, Kurd. Zē-i Kōya, Per. Rūdkhāneh-ye Zāb-e Kūchek. j Iran/Iraq 79 D15 Littoral r province W Cameroon Littoria see Latina Litva/Litwa see Lithuania 111 B15 Litvínov Ger. Leutensdorf. Ústecký Kraj, NW Czech Republic 50°38´N 13°30´E 116 M6 Lityn Vinnyts’ka Oblast’, C Ukraine 49°19´N 28°06´E Liu-chou/Liuchow see Liuzhou 163 W11 Liuhe Jilin, NE China

83 Q15 83 G14 160 L13

116 H8 115 J20 115 F18

280

42°15´N 125°49´E Liujiaxia see Yongjing Liulin see Jonê Liupanshui see Lupanshui Liúpo Nampula, NE Mozambique 15°36´S 39°57´E Liuwa Plain plain W Zambia Liuzhou var. Liu-chou, Liuchow. Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, S China 24°09´N 108°55´E Livada Hung. Sárköz. Satu Mare, NW Romania 47°52´N 23°04´E Liváda, Akrotírio headland Tínos, Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea 37°36´N 25°15´E Livádeia prev. Levádia. Stereá Elláda, C Greece 38°24´N 22°51´E Livádi see Liádi

38°43´N 23°03´E

118 I10 Līvāni Ger. Lievenhof. SE Latvia 56°22´N 26°12´E 65 E25 Lively Island island SE Falkland Islands 65 D25 Lively Sound sound SE Falkland Islands 39 R8 Livengood Alaska, USA

23 U9 35 O9 20 I6 19 Q7 24 J10 13 P16 97 K17 183 S7 42 F4 96 J12 23 N5 35 P9 22 J8 33 S11 20 L8 25 W9 83 I16

65°31´N 148°32´W Livenza j NE Italy Live Oak California, W USA 39°17´N 121°41´W Live Oak Florida, SE USA 30°18´N 82°59´W Livermore California, W USA 37°40´N 121°46´W Livermore Kentucky, S USA 37°31´N 87°08´W Livermore Falls Maine, NE USA 44°30´N 70°09´W Livermore, Mount l Texas, SW USA 30°37´N 104°10´W Liverpool Nova Scotia, SE Canada 44°03´N 64°43´W Liverpool NW England, United Kingdom 53°25´N 02°55´W Liverpool Range m New South Wales, SE Australia Lívingston Izabal, E Guatemala 15°50´N 88°44´W Livingston C Scotland, United Kingdom 55°51´N 03°31´W Livingston Alabama, S USA 32°35´N 88°12´W Livingston California, W USA 37°22´N 120°45´W Livingston Louisiana, S USA 30°30´N 90°45´W Livingston Montana, NW USA 45°40´N 110°33´W Livingston Tennessee, S USA 36°22´N 85°20´W Livingston Texas, SW USA 30°42´N 94°58´W Livingstone var. Maramba. Southern, S Zambia 17°51´S 25°48´E

185 B22 Livingstone Mountains m South Island, New Zealand 80 K13 Livingstone Mountains m S Tanzania 82 N12 Livingstonia Northern, N Malawi 10°29´S 34°06´E 194 G4 Livingston Island island Antarctica 25 W9 Livingston, Lake d Texas, SW USA 112 F13 Livno r  Federicija Bosna I Hercegovina, SW Bosnia and Herzegovina 126 K7 Livny Orlovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 52°25´N 37°42´E

93 M14 Livojoki j C Finland 31 R10 Livonia Michigan, N USA 106 E11

141 U8 81 I24 159 W9 83 N15 159 V11 160 H8

115 B18

42°22´N 83°22´W Livorno Eng. Leghorn. Toscana, C Italy 43°32´N 10°18´E Livramento see Santana do Livramento Līwā var. Al Liwā’. oasis region S United Arab Emirates Liwale Lindi, SE Tanzania 09°46´S 37°56´E Liwang Ningxia, N China 36°42´N 106°05´E Liwonde Southern, S Malawi 15°01´S 35°15´E Lixian var. Li Xian. Gansu, C China 34°15´N 105°07´E Lixian var. Li Xian, Zagunao. Sichuan, C China 31°27´N 103°06´E Li Xian see Lixian Lixian Jiang see Black River Lixoúri prev. Lixoúrion. Kefallinía, Iónia Nisiá, Greece, C Mediterranean Sea 38°14´N 20°24´E Lixoúrion see Lixoúri Lixus see Larache

33 U15 Lizard Head Peak l Wyoming, C USA 97 H25

112 L12

109 U11

109 T11 113 N17 95 P19 84 G7 93 F17 95 K21 95 M17 95 I18 94 M11 94 M11 94 N12 95 P15 109 X9 63 G15 105 X4 97 J21

42°47´N 109°12´W Lizard Point headland SW England, United Kingdom 49°57´N 05°12´W Lizarra see Estella Ljig Serbia, C Serbia 44°14´N 20°16´E Ljouwert see Leeuwarden Ljubelj see Loibl Pass Ljubljana Ger. Laibach, It. Lubiana; anc. Aemona, Emona. a (Slovenia) C Slovenia 46°03´N 14°29´E Ljubljana k C Slovenia 46°14´N 14°26´E Ljuboten Alb. Luboten. l S Serbia 42°12´N 21°06´E Ljugarn Gotland, SE Sweden 57°23´N 18°45´E Ljungan j N Sweden Ljungan j C Sweden Ljungby Kronoberg, S Sweden 56°49´N 13°55´E Ljungsbro Östergötland, S Sweden 58°31´N 15°30´E Ljungskile Västra Götaland, S Sweden 58°14´N 11°55´E Ljusdal Gävleborg, C Sweden 61°50´N 16°10´E Ljusnan j C Sweden Ljusne Gävleborg, C Sweden 61°11´N 17°07´E Ljusterö Stockholm, C Sweden 59°31´N 18°40´E Ljutomer Ger. Luttenberg. NE Slovenia 46°31´N 16°12´E Llaima, Volcán i S Chile 39°01´S 71°38´W Llançà var. Llansá. Cataluña, NE Spain 42°23´N 03°08´E Llandovery C Wales, United Kingdom 52°01´N 03°47´W

97 J20 Llandrindod Wells E Wales, United Kingdom 52°15´N 03°23´W

97 J18 Llandudno N Wales, United Kingdom 53°19´N 03°49´W 97 I21 Llanelli prev. Llanelly. SW Wales, United Kingdom 51°41´N 04°12´W Llanelly see Llanelli 104 M2 Llanes Asturias, N Spain 43°25´N 04°46´W 97 K19 Llangollen NE Wales, United Kingdom 52°58´N 03°10´W 104 K2 Llangréu var. Langreo, Sama de Langreo. Asturias, N Spain 43°18´N 05°40´W 25 R10 Llano Texas, SW USA 30°49´N 98°42´W

Country Country Capital

25 Q10 Llano River j Texas, SW USA 54 I9 Llanos physical region Colombia/Venezuela 63 G16 Llanquihue, Lago c S Chile Llansá see Llançà 105 U5 Lleida Cast. Lérida; anc. Ilerda. Cataluña, NE Spain 41°38´N 00°35´E

35 O8 Lodi California, W USA 38°07´N 121°17´W

31 T12 Lodi Ohio, N USA 41°00´N 82°01´W

92 H10 Lødingen Lapp. Lådik. Nordland, C Norway 79 L20

104 K12 Llerena Extremadura, W Spain 38°13´N 06°00´W Linkî Kurezûr, Chiyā-î see Linkî, Chiya-î 105 S9 Llíria Valenciana, E Spain

37 O3

105 W4 Llívia Cataluña, NE Spain

110 K13

39°38´N 00°36´W

105 X5

42°27´N 02°00´E Llodio see Laudio Lloret de Mar Cataluña, NE Spain 41°42´N 02°51´E Llorri see Toretta de l’Orrí

10 L11 Lloyd George, Mount l British Columbia, W Canada 57°46´N 124°57´W 11 R14 Lloydminster Alberta/ Saskatchewan, SW Canada 104 K2 105 X9 36 L6 169 S8 38 G12 79 J22 79 E21 106 B10 62 H4 83 I20

101 Q15 79 H16 79 I16 99 G21 61 D23 110 F8 82 A13

171 V13 104 J11 61 D20 40 E4 40 F6

110 H9 108 G11 96 E9 98 N11 102 M8 96 H12 96 H7 96 F8 96 J10 99 E17 96 H9 182 G8 97 J14 27 S13 183 P10 25 S11 18 F13 25 N4 100 O12 18 E9 167 T13 107 N23 27 T2 23 P3 27 Q9 94 E11 183 N10 103 P15

53°18´N 110°00´W

Lluanco var. Luanco. Asturias, N Spain 43°36´N 05°48´W Llucmajor Mallorca, Spain, W Mediterranean Sea 39°29´N 02°53´E Loa Utah, W USA 38°24´N 111°38´W Loagan Bunut c East Malaysia Loa, Mauna l Hawai‘i, USA 19°28´N 155°39´W Loanda see Luanda Loange j S Dem. Rep. Congo Loango Kouilou, S Congo 04°38´S 11°50´E Loano Liguria, NW Italy 44°07´N 08°15´E Loa, Río j N Chile Lobatse var. Lobatsi. Kgatleng, SE Botswana 25°11´S 25°40´E Lobatsi see Lobatse Löbau Sachsen, E Germany 51°07´N 14°40´E Lobaye r prefecture SW Central African Republic Lobaye j SW Central African Republic Lobbes Hainaut, S Belgium 50°21´N 04°16´E Lobería Buenos Aires, E Argentina 38°08´S 58°48´W Łobez Ger. Labes. Zacodniopomorskie, NW Poland 53°38´N 15°39´E Lobito Benguela, W Angola 12°20´S 13°34´E Lobkovichi see Labkovichy Lob Nor see Lop Nur Lobo Papua Barat, E Indonesia 03°41´S 134°06´E Lobón Extremadura, W Spain 38°51´N 06°38´W Lobos Buenos Aires, E Argentina 35°11´S 59°08´W Lobos, Cabo headland NW Mexico 29°53´N 112°43´W Lobos, Isla island NW Mexico Lobositz see Lovosice Lobsens see Łobżenica Loburi see Lop Buri Łobżenica Ger. Lobsens. Wielkopolskie, C Poland 53°19´N 17°11´E Locarno Ger. Luggarus. Ticino, S Switzerland 46°11´N 08°48´E Lochboisdale NW Scotland, United Kingdom 57°08´N 07°17´W Lochem Gelderland, E Netherlands 52°10´N 06°25´E Loches Indre-et-Loire, C France 47°08´N 01°00´E Loch Garman see Wexford Lochgilphead W Scotland, United Kingdom 56°02´N 05°27´W Lochinver N Scotland, United Kingdom 58°10´N 05°15´W Lochmaddy NW Scotland, United Kingdom 57°35´N 07°10´W Lochnagar l C Scotland, United Kingdom 56°58´N 03°09´W Lochristi Oost-Vlaanderen, NW Belgium 51°07´N 03°49´E Lochy, Loch c N Scotland, United Kingdom Lock South Australia 33°37´S 135°45´E Lockerbie S Scotland, United Kingdom 55°11´N 03°27´W Lockesburg Arkansas, C USA 33°58´N 94°10´W Lockhart New South Wales, SE Australia 35°15´S 146°43´E Lockhart Texas, SW USA 29°54´N 97°41´W Lock Haven Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°08´N 77°27´W Lockney Texas, SW USA 34°06´N 101°27´W Löcknitz j NE Germany Lockport New York, NE USA 43°09´N 78°40´W Lôc Ninh Sông Be, S Vietnam 11°51´N 106°35´E Locri Calabria, SW Italy 38°16´N 16°16´E Locse see Levoča Locust Creek j Missouri, C USA Locust Fork j Alabama, S USA Locust Grove Oklahoma, C USA 36°12´N 95°10´W Lodalskåpa l S Norway 61°47´N 07°10´E Loddon River j Victoria, SE Australia Lodensee see Klooga Lodève anc. Luteva. Hérault, S France 43°44´N 03°19´E

124 I12 Lodeynoye Pole Leningradskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 60°41´N 33°29´E

33 V11 Lodge Grass Montana, NW USA 45°19´N 107°20´W 28 J15 Lodgepole Creek j Nebraska/Wyoming, C USA 149 T11 Lodhrān Punjab, E Pakistan 29°32´N 71°40´E

106 D8 Lodi Lombardia, NW Italy 45°19´N 09°30´E

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

105 Q4 81 H16

110 E12 167 P8 98 I11 167 R9 83 F24

76 J16 109 P6 92 F11 95 N18 127 O10 77 S12 29 S14 26 K3 31 T14 36 L1 21 P6 35 Y10

68°25´N 16°00´E Lodja Kasai-Oriental, C Dem. Rep. Congo 03°29´S 23°25´E Lodore, Canyon of canyon Colorado, C USA Lodosa Navarra, N Spain 42°26´N 02°05´W Lodwar Turkana, NW Kenya 03°06´N 35°38´E Łódź Rus. Lodz. Łódź, C Poland 51°51´N 19°26´E Łódzskie r province C Poland Loei var. Loey, Muang Loei. Loei, C Thailand 17°32´N 101°40´E Loenen Utrecht, C Netherlands 52°13´N 05°01´E Loeng Nok Tha Yasothon, E Thailand 16°12´N 104°31´E Loeriesfontein Northern Cape, W South Africa 30°59´S 19°29´E Loewoek see Luwuk Loey see Loei Lofa j N Liberia Lofer Salzburg, C Austria 47°37´N 12°42´E Lofoten var. Lofoten Islands. island group C Norway Lofoten Islands see Lofoten Loftahammar Kalmar, S Sweden 57°55´N 16°45´E Log Volgogradskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 49°32´N 43°52´E Loga Dosso, SW Niger 13°40´N 03°15´E Logan Iowa, C USA 41°38´N 95°47´W Logan Kansas, C USA 39°39´N 99°34´W Logan Ohio, N USA 39°32´N 82°24´W Logan Utah, W USA 41°45´N 111°50´W Logan West Virginia, NE USA 37°52´N 82°00´W Logandale Nevada, W USA 36°36´N 114°28´W

19 O11 Logan International k (Boston) Massachusetts, NE USA 42°22´N 71°00´W 11 N16 Logan Lake British Columbia, SW Canada 50°28´N 120°42´W

23 Q4 Logan Martin Lake d Alabama, S USA 10 G8 Logan, Mount l Yukon, W Canada 60°32´N 140°34´W 32 I7 Logan, Mount l Washington, NW USA 48°32´N 120°57´W

Logan Pass pass Montana, NW USA 31 O12 Logansport Indiana, N USA 33 P7

22 F6

40°44´N 86°25´W

Logansport Louisiana, S USA

31°58´N 94°00´W 149 Q5 Lōgar prev. Lowgar. r province E Afghanistan 67 R11 Loge j NW Angola Logishin see Lahishyn Log na Coille see Lugnaquillia Mountain 78 G11 Logone var. Lagone. j Cameroon/Chad 78 G13 Logone-Occidental off. Région du Logone-Occidental. r region SW Chad

78 H13 Logone Occidental j SW Chad Logone-Occidental, Régino du see Logone-Occidental 78 G13 Logone-Oriental off. Région du Logone-Oriental. r region SW Chad 78 H13 Logone Oriental j SW Chad Logone Oriental see Pendé Logone-Oriental, Région du see Logone-Oriental L’Ogooué-Ivindo see Ogooué-Ivindo L’Ogooué-Lolo see Ogooué-Lolo L’Ogooué-Maritime see Ogooué-Maritime Logoysk see Lahoysk 105 P4 Logroño anc. Vareia, Lat. Juliobriga. La Rioja, N Spain 42°28´N 02°26´W

104 L10 Logrosán Extremadura, W Spain 39°21´N 05°29´W 95 G20 Løgstør Nordjylland, N Denmark 56°57´N 09°19´E 95 H22 Løgten Midtjylland, C Denmark 56°17´N 10°20´E 95 F24 Løgumkloster Syddanmark, SW Denmark 55°04´N 08°58´E Lögurinn see Lagarfljót 153 P15 Lohārdaga Jhārkhand, N India 23°27´N 84°42´E 152 H10 Lohāru Haryāna, N India 28°28´N 75°50´E

101 D15 Lohausen k (Düsseldorf) Nordrhein-Westfalen, W Germany 51°18´N 06°51´E 189 O14 Lohd Pohnpei, E Micronesia 92 L12 Lohiniva Lappi, N Finland 67°09´N 25°04´E

Lohiszyn see Lahishyn 93 L20 Lohja var. Lojo. Uusimaa, S Finland 60°14´N 24°07´E 169 V11 Lohjanan Borneo, C Indonesia 25 Q9 Lohn Texas, SW USA 100 G12 101 I18 109 T10

167 N6 93 K19 103 O6 167 R6 102 103 102 102

31°15´N 99°22´W Löhne Niedersachsen, NW Germany 52°40´N 08°13´E Lohr see Lohr am Main Lohr am Main var. Lohr. Bayern, C Germany 50°00´N 09°30´E Loibl Pass Ger. Loiblpass, Slvn. Ljubelj. pass Austria/ Slovenia Loiblpass see Loibl Pass Loikaw Kayah State, C Myanmar (Burma) 19°40´N 97°17´E Loimaa Varsinais-Suomi, SW Finland 60°51´N 23°03´E Loing j C France Loi, Phou l N Laos 20°18´N 103°14´E Loir j C  France Loire r department E France Loire var. Liger. j C France

L7 Q11 M7 I7 Loire-Atlantique r department NW France 103 O7 Loiret r department C France 102 M8 Loir-et-Cher r department C France

Administrative Regions International Airport

101 L24 Loisach j SE Germany 56 B9 Loja Loja, S Ecuador

03°59´S 79°16´W 104 M14 Loja Andalucía, S Spain 37°10´N 04°09´W 56 B9 Loja r province S Ecuador Lojo see Lohja 116 J4 Lokachi Volyns’ka Oblast’, NW Ukraine 50°44´N 24°39´E 79 M20 Lokandu Maniema, C Dem. Rep. Congo 02°34´S 25°44´E

92 M11 Lokan Tekojärvi c NE Finland 137 Z11 Lökbatan Rus. Lokbatan. E Azerbaijan 40°21´N 49°43´E Lokbatan see Lökbatan 99 F17 Lokeren Oost-Vlaanderen, NW Belgium 51°06´N 03°59´E Lokhvitsa see Lokhvytsya 117 S4 Lokhvytsya Rus. Lokhvitsa. Poltavs’ka Oblast’, NE Ukraine 81 H17 81 G16 81 H16 92 M11 94 G8 124 G16 77 V15 77 U15 81 H17 77 R16 118 I3 9

T7

80 C13 76 K15 35 Q5 81 H20 95 H25 186 G6 79 E16 114 G7 114 G7 79 M19 57 F17

50°22´N 33°16´E Lokichar Turkana, NW Kenya 02°23´N 35°40´E Lokichokio Turkana, NW Kenya 04°16´N 34°22´E Lokitaung Turkana, NW Kenya 04°15´N 35°45´E Lokka Lappi, N Finland 67°48´N 27°41´E Løkken Verk Sør-Trøndelag, S Norway 63°06´N 09°43´E Loknya Pskovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 56°48´N 30°08´E Loko Nassarawa, C Nigeria 08°00´N 07°48´E Lokoja Kogi, C Nigeria 07°48´N 06°45´E Lokori Turkana, W Kenya 01°56´N 36°03´E Lokossa S Benin 06°38´N 01°43´E Loksa Ger. Loxa. Harjumaa, NW Estonia 59°32´N 25°42´E Loks Land island Nunavut, NE Canada Lol j NW South Sudan Lola SE Guinea 07°52´N 08°29´W Lola, Mount l California, W USA 39°27´N 120°20´W Loliondo Arusha, NE Tanzania 02°03´S 35°46´E Lolland prev. Laaland. island S Denmark Lolobau Island island E Papua New Guinea Lolodorf Sud, SW Cameroon 03°17´N 10°50´E Lom prev. Lom-Palanka. Montana, NW Bulgaria 43°49´N 23°16´E Lom j NW Bulgaria Lomami j C Dem. Rep. Congo Lomas Arequipa, SW Peru 15°29´S 74°54´W Lomas, Bahía bay S Chile

63 I23 61 D20 Lomas de Zamora Buenos Aires, E Argentina 61 D20 180 K4 106 E6 102 M15 171 Q16 173 W7 170 L16 77 Q16 77 Q16 79 L19 25 R9 79 F16 30 M8 95 K23 99 J16 96 I11 197 R9

35 P14 167 P9 110 N9

155 D14 63 G15 63 H14 99 G17 14 E16 191 Y2 97 O22

21 N7 31 S13 25 Q10 97 O22 97 E14 97 F14 180 M2

23°18´S 51°13´W

27 N13 Lone Grove Oklahoma, C USA 34°11´N 97°15´W 14 E12 Lonely Island island Ontario, S Canada 35 T8 Lone Mountain l Nevada, W USA 38°01´N 117°28´W 25 V6 Lone Oak Texas, SW USA 33°02´N 95°58´W

35 T11 Lone Pine California, W USA 36°36´N 118°04´W

Lone Star State see Texas Lone Tree Islet see Iku 83 D14 Longa Kuando Kubango, C Angola 14°44´S 18°36´E 82 B12 Longa j W Angola 83 E15 Longa j SE Angola Long’an see Pingwu 163 W11 Longang Shan m NE China 197 S4 Longa, Proliv Eng. Long Strait. strait NE Russian Federation 44 J13 Long Bay bay W Jamaica 21 V13 Long Bay bay North Carolina/South Carolina, E USA 35 T16 Long Beach California, W USA 33°46´N 118°11´W 22 M9 Long Beach Mississippi, S USA 30°21´N 89°09´W 18 L14 Long Beach Long Island, New York, NE USA 32 18 65 23 18 44 161

32 159 183 97 97 161 169

34°53´S 58°26´W Loma Verde Buenos Aires, E Argentina 35°16´S 58°24´W Lombadina Western Australia 16°39´S 122°54´E Lombardia Eng. Lombardy. r region N Italy Lombardy see Lombardia Lombez Gers, S France 43°29´N 00°54´E Lomblen, Pulau island Nusa Tenggara, S Indonesia Lombok Basin undersea feature E Indian Ocean 09°50´S 116°00´E Lombok, Pulau island Nusa Tenggara, C Indonesia Lomé a (Togo) S Togo 06°08´N 01°13´E Lomé k S Togo 06°08´N 01°13´E Lomela Kasai-Oriental, C Dem. Rep. Congo 02°19´S 23°15´E Lometa Texas, SW USA 31°13´N 98°23´W Lomié Est, SE Cameroon 03°09´N 13°35´E Lomira Wisconsin, N USA 43°36´N 88°26´W Lomma Skåne, S Sweden 55°41´N 13°05´E Lommel Limburg, N Belgium 51°14´N 05°19´E Lomond, Loch c C Scotland, United Kingdom Lomonosov Ridge var. Harris Ridge, Rus. Khrebet Homonsova. undersea feature Arctic Ocean 88°00´N 140°00´E Lomonsova, Khrebet see Lomonosov Ridge Lom-Palanka see Lom Lomphat see Lumphăt Lompoc California, W USA 34°39´N 120°29´W Lom Sak var. Muang Lom Sak. Phetchabun, C Thailand 16°45´N 101°12´E Łomża Rus. Lomzha. Podlaskie, NE Poland 53°11´N 22°04´E Lomzha see Łomża Lonaula see Lonāvale Lonāvale prev. Lonaula. Mahārāshtra, W India 18°45´N 73°27´E Loncoche Araucanía, C Chile 39°22´S 72°34´W Loncopue Neuquén, W Argentina 38°04´S 70°43´W Londerzeel Vlaams Brabant, C Belgium 51°00´N 04°19´E Londinium see London London Ontario, S Canada 42°59´N 81°13´W London Kiritimati, E Kiribati 02°00´N 157°28´W London anc. Augusta, Lat. Londinium. a (United Kingdom) SE England, United Kingdom 51°30´N 00°10´W London Kentucky, S USA 37°07´N 84°05´W London Ohio, NE USA 39°52´N 83°27´W London Texas, SW USA 30°40´N 99°33´W London City k SE England, United Kingdom 51°31´N 00°07´E Londonderry var. Derry, Ir. Doire. NW Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 55°N 07°19´W Londonderry cultural region NW Northern Ireland, United Kingdom Londonderry, Cape cape Western Australia

Mountain Mountain Range

63 H25 Londonderry, Isla island S Chile 43 O7 Londres, Cayos reef NE Nicaragua 60 I10 Londrina Paraná, S Brazil

12 186 44 18 18 163 160 163 161 12 19 31 31 29 30 99 160

37 157 29 14 14 184 30 14 29

40°34´N 73°38´W F9 Long Beach Washington, NW USA 46°21´N 124°03´W K16 Long Beach Island island New Jersey, NE USA M25 Longbluff headland SW Tristan da Cunha U13 Longboat Key island Florida, SE USA K15 Long Branch New Jersey, NE USA 40°18´N 73°59´W J5 Long Cay island SE The Bahamas Longcheng see Xiaoxian P14 Longchuan var. Laolong. Guangdong, S China 24°07´N 115°10´E Longchuan see Nanhua Longchuan Jiang see Shweli K12 Long Creek Oregon, NW USA 44°40´N 119°07´W W10 Longde Ningxia, N China 35°37´N 106°07´E P16 Longford Tasmania, SE Australia 41°41´S 147°03´E D17 Longford Ir. An Longfort. Longford, C Ireland 53°45´N 07°50´W E17 Longford Ir. An Longfort. cultural region C Ireland Longgang see Dazu P1 Longhua Hebei, E China 41°18´N 117°44´E U11 Longiram Borneo, C Indonesia 0°02´S 115°36´E H8 Long Island island Nunavut, C Canada D7 Long Island var. Arop Island. island N Papua New Guinea J4 Long Island island C The Bahamas L14 Long Island island New York, NE USA Long Island see Bermuda M14 Long Island Sound sound NE USA U7 Longjiang Heilongjiang, NE China 47°20´N 123°09´E K13 Long Jiang j S China Y10 Longjing var. Yanji. Jilin, NE China 42°48´N 129°26´E R4 Longkou Shandong, E China 37°40´N 120°21´E E11 Longlac Ontario, S Canada 49°47´N 86°34´W S1 Long Lake c Maine, NE USA O6 Long Lake c Michigan, N USA R5 Long Lake c Michigan, N USA N6 Long Lake c North Dakota, N USA J4 Long Lake d Wisconsin, N USA K23 Longlier Luxembourg, SE Belgium 49°51´N 05°27´E I13 Longlin var. Longlin Gezu Zizhixian, Xinzhou. Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, S China 24°46´N 105°19´E Longlin Gezu Zizhixian see Longlin T3 Longmont Colorado, C USA 40°09´N 105°07´W P10 Longnan var. Wudu. Gansu, C China 33°27´N 104°57´E N13 Long Pine Nebraska, C USA 42°32´N 99°42´W Longping see Luodian F17 Long Point headland Ontario, S Canada 42°33´N 80°15´W K15 Long Point headland Ontario, SE Canada 43°56´N 76°53´W P10 Long Point headland North Island, New Zealand 39°07´S 177°41´E L2 Long Point headland Michigan, N USA 47°50´N 89°09´W G17 Long Point Bay lake bay Ontario, S Canada T7 Long Prairie Minnesota, N USA 45°58´N 94°52´W Longquan see Fenggang Longquàn see Yanggao

32 G10 Longview Washington, NW USA 46°08´N 122°56´W 65 H25 Longwood C Saint Helena 25 P7 Longworth Texas, SW USA

35°00´N 104°34´E

Longxian see Wengyuan 167 S14 Long Xuyên var. Longxuyen. An Giang, S Vietnam 10°23´N 105°25´E

Longxuyen see Long Xuyên 161 Q13 Longyan Fujian, SE China 25°06´N 117°02´E

92 O3 Longyearbyen q (Svalbard) Spitsbergen, W Svalbard 78°12´N 15°39´E

160 J15 Longzhou Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, S China 22°22´N 106°46´E

Longzhouping see Changyang 100 F12 Löningen Niedersachsen, NW Germany 52°43´N 07°42´E 27 V11 Lonoke Arkansas, C USA 34°46´N 91°56´W

95 L21 Lönsboda Skåne, S Sweden 103 S9

46°41´N 05°32´E

38°40´N 86°54´W

31 Q9 Looking Glass River j Michigan, N USA 21 X11 Lookout, Cape headland North Carolina, SE USA 34°36´N 76°31´W

39 O6 Lookout Ridge ridge Alaska, USA Lookransar see Lūnkaransar 181 N11 Loongana Western Australia 30°53´S 127°15´E

99 I14 Loon op Zand NoordBrabant, S Netherlands 51°38´N 05°05´E

97 A19 Loop Head Ir. Ceann Léime. promontory W Ireland 109 V4 Loosdorf Niederösterreich, NE Austria 48°13´N 15°25´E 158 G10 Lop Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 37°06´N 80°12´E 112 J11 Lopare r  Republika Srpska, NE Bosnia and Herzegovina Lopatichi see Lapatsichy 127 P7 Lopatino Penzenskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 52°38´N 45°46´E

167 P10 Lop Buri var. Loburi. Lop Buri, C Thailand 14°49´N 100°37´E

25 R16 Lopeno Texas, SW USA 26°42´N 99°06´W

79 C18 Lopez, Cap headland W Gabon 0°39´S 08°44´E 98 I12 Lopik Utrecht, C Netherlands 51°58´N 04°57´E

Lop Nor see Lop Nur 158 M7 Lop Nur var. Lob Nor, Lop Nor, Lo-pu Po. seasonal lake NW China Lopnur see Yuli 79 K17 Lopori j NW Dem. Rep. Congo 98 O5 Loppersum Groningen, NE Netherlands

41°27´N 82°10´W

25 O7 Loraine Texas, SW USA 32°24´N 100°42´W

31 R13 Loramie, Lake d Ohio, N USA 105 Q13 Lorca Ar. Lurka; anc. Eliocroca, Lat. Illurco. Murcia, S Spain 37°40´N 01°41´W

192 I10 Lord Howe Island island E Australia Lord Howe Island see Ontong Java Atoll 175 O10 Lord Howe Rise undersea feature SW Pacific Ocean 192 J10 Lord Howe Seamounts undersea feature W Pacific Ocean 37 P15 Lordsburg New Mexico, SW USA 32°19´N 108°42´W 186 E5 Lorengau var. Lorungau. Manus Island, N Papua New Guinea 02°01´S 147°15´E 25 N5 Lorenzo Texas, SW USA

15°13´S 64°44´W

106 J12 Loreto Marche, C Italy 40 F8 40 M11 56 E9

81 K18

111 K22

160 L10 Longshan var. Min’an. Hunan, S China

33 V6

29°25´N 109°28´E 37 S3 Longs Peak l Colorado, C USA 40°15´N 105°37´W Long Strait see Longa, Proliv 102 K8 Longué Maine-et-Loire, NW France 47°23´N 00°07´W 13 P11 Longue-Pointe Québec, E Canada 50°20´N 64°13´W 103 S4 Longuyon Meurtheet-Moselle, NE France 49°25´N 05°37´E 25 W7 Longview Texas, SW USA 32°30´N 94°45´W

Volcano River

Lake Reservoir

33°40´N 101°31´W

Lorestān off. Ostān-e Lorestān, var. Luristan. r province W Iran Lorestān, Ostān-e see Lorestān 57 M17 Loreto El Beni, N Bolivia 142 K7

Longreach Queensland, E Australia 23°31´S 144°18´E 160 H7 Longriba Sichuan, C China 32°32´N 102°20´E

53°20´N 06°45´E

Lopphavet sound N Norway Lo-pu Po see Lop Nur Lora see Lowṟah 182 F3 Lora Creek seasonal river South Australia 104 K13 Lora del Río Andalucía, S Spain 37°39´N 05°32´W 148 M11 Lora, Hāmūn-i wetland SW Pakistan 31 T11 Lorain Ohio, N USA 92 I8

54 E6

16°00´S 05°41´W

56°24´N 14°19´E

Lons-le-Saunier anc. Ledo Salinarius. Jura, E France

31 O15 Loogootee Indiana, N USA

13 S11 Long Range Mountains hill range Newfoundland and Labrador, E Canada 65 H25 Long Range Point headland SE Saint Helena 181 V8

32°37´N 100°20´W

Longwy Meurthe-et-Moselle, NE France 49°31´N 05°46´E 159 V11 Longxi var. Gongchang. Gansu, C China 103 S3

102 G7

14 G11

103 R13 21 U12 57 I18 183 N13 96 G11 101 F24

43°25´N 13°37´E Loreto Baja California Sur, NW Mexico 25°59´N 111°22´W Loreto Zacatecas, C Mexico 22°15´N 102°00´W Loreto off. Departamento de Loreto. r department NE Peru Loreto, Departamento de see Loreto Lorian Swamp swamp E Kenya Lorica Córdoba, NW Colombia 09°14´N 75°50´W Lorient prev. l’Orient. Morbihan, NW France 47°45´N 03°22´W l’Orient see Lorient Lőrinci Heves, NE Hungary 47°46´N 19°40´E Loring Ontario, S Canada 45°55´N 79°59´W Loring Montana, NW USA 48°49´N 107°48´W Loriol-sur-Drôme Drôme, E France 44°46´N 04°51´E Loris South Carolina, SE USA 34°03´N 78°53´W Loriscota, Laguna c S Peru Lorne Victoria, SE Australia 38°33´S 143°57´E Lorn, Firth of inlet W Scotland, United Kingdom Loro Sae see East Timor Lörrach BadenWürttemberg, S Germany 47°38´N 07°40´E

Lorraine – Luoding Lorraine r region NE France Lorungau see Lorengau 94 L11 Los Gävleborg, C Sweden 103 T5

35 P14 37 S10 42 F5 63 G14 35 S15 35 S15

61°43´N 15°15´E Los Alamos California, W USA 34°44´N 120°16´W Los Alamos New Mexico, SW USA 35°52´N 106°17´W Los Amates Izabal, E Guatemala 15°14´N 89°06´W Los Ángeles Bío Bío, C Chile 37°30´S 72°18´W Los Angeles California, W USA 34°03´N 118°15´W Los Angeles k California, W USA 33°54´N 118°24´W

35 T13 Los Angeles Aqueduct aqueduct California, W USA Losanna see Lausanne 63 H20 Los Antiguos Santa Cruz, SW Argentina 46°36´S 71°31´W 189 Q16 Losap Atoll atoll C Micronesia 35 P10 Los Banos California, W USA 37°00´N 120°39´W

104 K16 Los Barrios Andalucía, S Spain 36°11´N 05°30´W 62 L5 Los Blancos Salta, N Argentina 23°36´S 62°35´W 42 L12 Los Chiles Alajuela, NW Costa Rica 11°00´N 84°42´W

105 O2 Los Corrales de Buelna Cantabria, N Spain 43°15´N 04°04´W

25 T17 Los Fresnos Texas, SW USA 26°03´N 97°28´W

35 N9 Los Gatos California, W USA 127 P10 110 O11 112 B11 63 G15 63 F17

37°13´N 121°58´W Loshchina Volgogradskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 48°58´N 46°14´E Łosice Mazowieckie, C Poland 52°13´N 22°42´E Lošinj Ger. Lussin, It. Lussino. island W Croatia Los Jardines see Ngetik Atoll Los Lagos Los Ríos, C Chile 39°50´S 72°50´W Los Lagos off. Regíon de los Lagos. r region C Chile los Lagos, Regíon de see Los Lagos Loslau see Wodzisław Śląski

64 N11 Los Llanos de Aridane var. Los Llanos de Aridane. La Palma, Islas Canarias, Spain, NE Atlantic Ocean 28°39´N 17°54´W

Los Llanos de Aridane see Los Llanos de Aridane 37 R11 Los Lunas New Mexico, SW USA 34°48´N 106°43´W 63 I16 Los Menucos Río Negro, C Argentina 40°52´S 68°07´W

40 H8 Los Mochis Sinaloa, C Mexico 25°48´N 108°58´W 35 N4 Los Molinos California, W USA 40°00´N 122°05´W 104 M9 Los Navalmorales Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 39°43´N 04°38´W

25 S15 Los Olmos Creek j Texas, SW USA Losonc/Losontz see Lučenec 167 S5 Lô, Sông var. Panlong Jiang. j China/Vietnam 44 B5 Los Palacios Pinar del Río, W Cuba 22°35´N 83°16´W 104 K14 Los Palacios y Villafranca Andalucía, S Spain 37°10´N 05°55´W

37 R12 Los Pinos Mountains m New Mexico, SW USA 37 R11 Los Ranchos de Albuquerque New Mexico, SW USA 35°09´N 106°37´W 40 M14 Los Reyes Michoacán, SW Mexico 19°36´N 102°29´W 63 G15 Los Ríos r region C Chile 56 B7 Los Ríos r province C Ecuador 64 O11 Los Rodeos k (Santa Cruz de Ternerife) Tenerife, Islas Canarias, Spain, NE Atlantic Ocean 28°27´N 16°20´W 54 L4 Los Roques, Islas island group N Venezuela 43 S17 Los Santos Los Santos, S Panama 07°56´N 80°23´W 43 S17 Los Santos off. Provincia de Los Santos. r province S Panama Los Santos see Los Santos de Maimona 104 J12 Los Santos de Maimona var. Los Santos. Extremadura, W Spain 38°27´N 06°22´W Los Santos, Provincia de see Los Santos 98 P10 Losser Overijssel, E Netherlands 52°16´N 06°25´E 96 J8 Lossiemouth NE Scotland, United Kingdom 61 B14 54 J4 14 G11 54 L5 35 Q12 36 I7 33 P11 186 G9 62 G10 105 N10 103 N13 103 N13 63 F14 81 G15

57°43´N 03°18´W Los Tábanos Santa Fe, C Argentina 28°27´S 59°57´W Los Taques Falcón, N Venezuela 11°50´N 70°16´W Lost Channel Ontario, S Canada 45°54´N 80°20´W Los Teques Miranda, N Venezuela 10°25´N 67°01´W Lost Hills California, W USA 35°35´N 119°40´W Lost Peak l Utah, W USA 37°30´N 113°57´W Lost Trail Pass pass Montana, NW USA Losuia Kiriwina Island, SE Papua New Guinea 08°29´S 151°03´E Los Vilos Coquimbo, C Chile 31°56´S 71°35´W Los Yébenes CastillaLa Mancha, C Spain 39°35´N 03°52´W Lot r department S France Lot j S France Lota Bío Bío, C Chile 37°07´S 73°10´W Lotagipi Swamp wetland Kenya/Sudan

102 K14 Lot-et-Garonne r department SW France 83 K21 Lothair Mpumalanga, NE South Africa

26°23´S 30°26´E 33 R7 Lothair Montana, NW USA 48°28´N 111°15´W 79 L20 Loto Kasai-Oriental, C Dem. Rep. Congo 02°48´S 22°30´E 108 E10 Lötschbergtunnel tunnel Valais, SW Switzerland 25 T9 Lott Texas, SW USA 31°12´N 97°02´W 124 H3 Lotta var. Lutto. j Finland/Russian Federation

184 Q7 Lottin Point headland North Island, New Zealand

167 P6 167 Q7

194 H5

102 H6 160 M11 79 F21 20 M9 31 T12 102 L8 102 K7 76 G10

37°26´S 178°07´E Lötzen see Giżycko Loualaba see Lualaba Louangnamtha var. Luong Nam Tha. Louang Namtha, N Laos 20°55´N 101°24´E Louangphabang var. Louangphrabang, Luang Prabang. Louangphabang, N Laos 19°51´N 102°08´E Louangphrabang see Louangphabang Loubet Coast physical region Antarctica Loubomo see Dolisie Louch see Loukhi Loudéac Côtes d’Armor, NW France 48°11´N 02°45´W Loudi Hunan, S China 27°51´N 111°59´E Loudima Bouenza, S Congo 04°06´S 13°05´E Loudon Tennessee, S USA 35°43´N 84°19´W Loudonville Ohio, N USA 40°38´N 82°13´W Loudun Vienne, W France 47°01´N 00°05´E Loué Sarthe, NW France 48°00´N 00°14´W Louga NW Senegal 15°36´N 16°15´W

Lovisa see Loviisa 111 C15 Lovosice Ger. Lobositz. Ústecký Kraj, NW Czech Republic 50°30´N 14°02´E 124 K4 Lovozero Murmanskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 68°00´N 35°03´E 124 K4 Lovozero, Ozero c NW Russian Federation 112 B9 Lovran It. Laurana. Primorje-Gorski Kotar, NW Croatia 45°16´N 14°15´E

116 E11 Lovrin Ger. Lowrin. Timiș, W Romania 45°58´N 20°49´E 82 E10 Lóvua Lunda Norte, NE Angola 07°21´S 20°09´E 82 G12 Lóvua Moxico, E Angola 11°33´S 23°35´E

65 D25 Low Bay bay East Falkland, Falkland Islands 9 P9 Low, Cape headland Nunavut, E Canada 63°05´N 85°27´W 33 N10 Lowell Idaho, NW USA 46°07´N 115°36´W 19 O10 Lowell Massachusetts, NE USA 42°38´N 71°19´W Löwen see Leuven

97 M19 Loughborough C England, United Kingdom 52°47´N 01°11´W

97 C18 Loughrea Ir. Baile Locha Riach. Galway, W Ireland 103 S9 21 P5 21 V5 21 V9 25 U12 15 P11 27 W3 22 G8

83 K19

23 V4 30 M15 20 K5 22 M4 29 S15 192 L11 124 J6

79 H19 104 G14 111 C16 29 O15 29 P15 15 S9 12 K7 102 K16

104 F11 104 F10 115 C16 104 G8 160 M10 183 O5 97 O18 97 F17 115 H15 115 G19 99 H19 14 J8 102 M4 30 K14 93 J15 124 J14 113 J17 114 I8 114 I9 25 V9 37 T3 33 U12

35 S4 106 E7 30 L10 26 M2 93 M19 37 V15 21 U6 37 V14

185 L14

53°12´N 08°34´W

Louhans Saône-et-Loire, C France 46°38´N 05°12´E Louisa Kentucky, S USA

39 N11

38°06´N 82°37´W Louisa Virginia, NE USA 38°02´N 78°00´W Louisburg North Carolina, SE USA 36°05´N 78°18´W Louise Texas, SW USA 29°07´N 96°22´W Louiseville Québec, SE Canada 46°15´N 72°54´W Louisiana Missouri, C USA 39°25´N 91°03´W Louisiana off. State of Louisiana, also known as Creole State, Pelican State. r state S USA Louis Trichardt prev. Makhado. Northern, NE South Africa 23°01´S 29°43´E Louisville Georgia, SE USA 33°00´N 82°24´W Louisville Illinois, N USA 38°46´N 88°32´W Louisville Kentucky, S USA 38°15´N 85°46´W Louisville Mississippi, S USA 33°07´N 89°03´W Louisville Nebraska, C USA 41°00´N 96°09´W Louisville Ridge undersea feature S Pacific Ocean Loukhi var. Louch. Respublika Kareliya, NW Russian Federation 66°05´N 33°04´E Loukoléla Cuvette, E Congo 01°04´S 17°10´E Loulé Faro, S Portugal 37°08´N 08°02´W Louny Ger. Laun. Ústecký Kraj, NW Czech Republic 50°22´N 13°50´E Loup City Nebraska, C USA 41°16´N 98°58´W Loup River j Nebraska, C USA

Loup, Rivière du j Québec, SE Canada Loups Marins, Lacs des c Québec, NE Canada Lourdes Hautes-Pyrénées, S France 43°06´N 00°03´W Lourenço Marques see Maputo Loures Lisboa, C Portugal 38°50´N 09°10´W Lourinhã Lisboa, C Portugal 39°14´N 09°19´W Loúros j W Greece Lousã Coimbra, N Portugal 40°07´N 08°15´W Loushanguan see Tongzi Lou Shui j C China Louth New South Wales, SE Australia 30°34´S 145°07´E Louth E England, United Kingdom 53°19´N 00°00´E Louth Ir. Lú. cultural region NE Ireland Loutrá Kentrikí Makedonía, N Greece 39°55´N 23°37´E Loutráki Pelopónnisos, S Greece 37°55´N 22°55´E Louvain see Leuven Louvain-la Neuve Walloon Brabant, C Belgium 50°39´N 04°36´E Louvicourt Québec, SE Canada 48°04´N 77°22´W Louviers Eure, N France 49°13´N 01°11´E Lou Yaeger, Lake d Illinois, N USA Lövånger Västerbotten, N Sweden 64°22´N 21°19´E Lovat’ j NW Russian Federation Lovćen l SW Montenegro 42°22´N 18°49´E Lovech Lovech, N Bulgaria 43°08´N 24°45´E Lovech r province N Bulgaria Lovelady Texas, SW USA 31°07´N 95°27´W Loveland Colorado, C USA 40°24´N 105°04´W Lovell Wyoming, C USA 44°50´N 108°23´W Lovello, Monte see Grosser Löffler Lovelock Nevada, W USA 40°11´N 118°30´W Lovere Lombardia, N Italy 45°51´N 10°06´E Loves Park Illinois, N USA 42°19´N 89°03´W Lovewell Reservoir d Kansas, C USA Loviisa Swe. Lovisa. Uusimaa, S Finland 60°27´N 26°15´E Loving New Mexico, SW USA 32°17´N 104°06´W Lovingston Virginia, NE USA 37°46´N 78°54´W Lovington New Mexico, SW USA 32°56´N 103°21´W

Country Country Capital

35 O1 35 Q2 97 E15

10 K9 29 T4

97 Q19 182 H7 110 K12 33 N13 149 P8 183 N17 18 I8 182 K9 81 G21 30 K6 18 G13 35 Q5 187 Q16 119 O20 125 S13 103 P13 103 Q14 112 J11 114 L8 117 V7

105 N7

82 F12 79 N21 83 H14 83 H15 161 P8 82 A11

82 A11 82 A11 82 D12 83 G14 167 N15

167 P8 167 N16 82 E11 83 K15 83 K14 161 Q2 190 G11

Löwenberg in Schlesien see Lwówek Śląski Lower Austria see Niederösterreich Lower Bann see Bann Lower California see Baja California Lower Danube see Niederösterreich Lower Hutt Wellington, North Island, New Zealand 41°13´S 174°51´E Lower Kalskag Alaska, USA 61°30´N 160°28´W Lower Klamath Lake c California, W USA Lower Lake c California/ Nevada, W USA Lower Lough Erne c SW Northern Ireland, United Kingdom Lower Lusatia see Niederlausitz Lower Normandy see Basse-Normandie Lower Post British Columbia, W Canada 59°53´N 128°19´W Lower Red Lake c Minnesota, N USA Lower Rhine see Neder Rijn Lower Saxony see Niedersachsen Lowestoft E England, United Kingdom 52°29´N 01°45´E Lowgar see Lōgar Low Hill South Australia 32°17´S 136°46´E Łowicz Łódzkie, C Poland 52°06´N 19°55´E Lowman Idaho, NW USA 44°04´N 115°37´W Lowṟah var. Lora. j SE Afghanistan Lowrin see Lovrin Low Rocky Point headland Tasmania, SE Australia 42°59´S 145°28´E Lowville New York, NE USA 43°47´N 75°29´W Loxa see Loksa Loxton South Australia 34°30´S 140°36´E Loya Tabora, C Tanzania 04°57´S 33°53´E Loyal Wisconsin, N USA 44°45´N 90°30´W Loyalsock Creek j Pennsylvania, NE USA Loyalton California, W USA 39°39´N 120°16´W Lo-yang see Luoyang Loyauté, Îles island group S New Caledonia Loyev see Loyew Loyew Rus. Loyev. Homyel’skaya Voblasts’, SE Belarus 51°56´N 30°48´E Loyno Kirovskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 59°44´N 52°42´E Lozère r department S France Lozère, Mont l S France 44°27´N 03°44´E Loznica Serbia, W Serbia 44°32´N 19°13´E Loznitsa Razgrad, N Bulgaria 43°22´N 26°36´E Lozova Rus. Lozovaya. Kharkivs’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 48°54´N 36°23´E Lozovaya see Lozova Lozoyuela Madrid, C Spain 40°55´N 03°36´W Lu see Shandong, China Lú see Louth, Ireland Luacano Moxico, E Angola 11°19´S 21°30´E Lualaba Fr. Loualaba. j SE Dem. Rep. Congo Luampa Western, NW Zambia 15°02´S 24°27´E Luampa Kuta Western, W Zambia 15°22´S 24°40´E Lu’an Anhui, E China 31°46´N 116°31´E Luanco see Lluanco Luanda var. Loanda, Port. São Paulo de Loanda. a Luanda, NW Angola 08°48´S 13°17´E Luanda r province (Angola) NW Angola Luanda k Luanda, NW Angola 08°49´S 13°16´E Luando j C Angola Luang see Tapi, Mae Nam Luanginga var. Luanguinga. j Angola/Zambia Luang, Khao l SW Thailand 08°21´N 99°46´E Luang Prabang see Louangphabang Luang Prabang Range Th. Thiukhaoluang Phrahang. m Laos/Thailand Luang, Thale lagoon S Thailand Luangua, Rio see Luangwa Luangue j NE Angola Luanguinga see Luanginga Luangwa var. Aruângua. Lusaka, C Zambia 15°36´S 30°27´E Luangwa var. Aruângua, Rio Luangua. j Mozambique/ Zambia Luan He j E China Luaniva, Île island E Wallis and Futuna

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

161 P2

Luanping var. Anjiangying. Hebei, E China

40°55´N 117°19´E 82 J13 Luanshya Copperbelt, C Zambia 13°09´S 28°24´E 62 K13 Luan Toro La Pampa, C Argentina 36°14´S 64°15´W 161 Q2 Luanxian var. Luan Xian. Hebei, E China 39°46´N 118°46´E Luan Xian see Luanxian 82 J12 Luapula r province N Zambia

79 O25 Luapula j Dem. Rep. Congo/Zambia 104 J2 Luarca Asturias, N Spain

171 O4 Lucena off. Lucena City. Luzon, N Philippines 104 105 111

107

43°33´N 06°31´W

169 R10 Luar, Danau c Borneo, N Indonesia 79 L25 Luashi Katanga, S Dem. Rep. Congo 10°54´S 23°55´E 82 G12 Luau Port. Vila Teixeira de Sousa. Moxico, NE Angola 79 C16 42 F4 111 P16

82 E11 82 E11 118 J9 171 N4 83 B15 118 J9 79 M21 110 O13 100 G13 100 O13 101 P14 25 N5 19 U6 100 K9 100 K8 79 M21 163 T10 111 O14 110 O13

144 H9 79 P18 79 L22 110 J11 67 T11 110 F13 111 O14 111 J15

117 R5 110 G11

110 D12 79 N24 168 L13 79 N25 83 I14 110 E12 79 N18 82 C11 14 E16 97 F18

10°42´S 22°12´E Luba prev. San Carlos. Isla de Bioco, NW Equatorial Guinea 03°26´N 08°36´E Lubaantun ruins Toledo, S Belize Lubaczów var. Lúbaczów. Podkarpackie, SE Poland 50°10´N 23°08´E Lubale see Lubalo Lubalo Lunda Norte, NE Angola 09°02´S 19°11´E Lubalo var. Lubale. j Angola/Dem. Rep. Congo Lubāna E Latvia 56°55´N 29°43´E Lubānas Ezers see Lubāns Lubang Island island N Philippines Lubango Port. Sá da Bandeira. Huíla, SW Angola 14°55´S 13°33´E Lubāns var. Lubānas Ezers. c E Latvia Lubao Kasai-Oriental, C Dem. Rep. Congo 05°21´S 25°42´E Lubartów Ger. Qumälisch. Lublin, E Poland 51°29´N 22°38´E Lübbecke NordrheinWestfalen, NW Germany 52°18´N 08°37´E Lübben Brandenburg, E Germany 51°56´N 13°52´E Lübbenau Brandenburg, E Germany 51°52´N 13°57´E Lubbock Texas, SW USA 33°35´N 101°51´W Lubcz see Lyubcha Lubec Maine, NE USA 44°49´N 67°00´W Lübeck SchleswigHolstein, N Germany 53°52´N 10°41´E Lübecker Bucht bay N Germany Lubefu Kasai-Oriental, C Dem. Rep. Congo 04°43´S 24°25´E Lubei var. Jarud Qi. Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China 44°25´N 121°12´E Lubelska, Wyżyna plateau SE Poland Lubelskie r province E Poland Lubembe see Luembe Lüben see Lubin Lubenka Zapadnyy Kazakhstan, W Kazakhstan 50°27´N 54°07´E Lubero Nord-Kivu, E Dem. Rep. Congo 0°10´S 29°12´E Lubi j S Dem. Rep. Congo Lubiana see Ljubljana Lubień Kujawski Kujawskopomorskie, C Poland 52°25´N 19°10´E Lubilandji j S Dem. Rep. Congo Lubin Ger. Lüben. Dolnośląskie, SW Poland 51°23´N 16°12´E Lublin Rus. Lyublin. Lubelskie, E Poland 51°15´N 22°33´E Lubliniec Śląskie, S Poland 50°41´N 18°41´E Lubnān, Jabal see Liban, Jebel Lubny Poltavs’ka Oblast’, NE Ukraine 50°00´N 33°00´E Luboml see Lyuboml’ Luboń Ger. Peterhof. Wielkolpolskie, C Poland 52°23´N 16°54´E Luboten see Ljuboten Lubsko Ger. Sommerfeld. Lubuskie, W Poland 51°47´N 14°57´E Lubudi Katanga, SE Dem. Rep. Congo 09°57´S 25°59´E Lubuklinggau Sumatera, W Indonesia 03°10´S 102°52´E Lubumbashi prev. Élisabethville. Shaba, SE Dem. Rep. Congo 11°40´S 27°31´E Lubungu Central, C Zambia 14°28´S 26°30´E Lubuskie r province W Poland Lubuskie see Dobiegniew Lubutu Maniema, E Dem. Rep. Congo 0°48´S 26°39´E Luca see Lucca Lucala j W Angola Lucan Ontario, S Canada 43°10´N 81°22´W Lucan Ir. Leamhcán. Dublin, E Ireland 53°22´N 06°27´W Lucanian Mountains see Lucano, Appennino

107 M18 Lucano, Appennino Eng. Lucanian Mountains. m S Italy 82 F11 Lucapa var. Lukapa. Lunda Norte, NE Angola 29 V15 61 C18 65 C25 31 S15 106 F11 44 H12 97 H15 22 M8

08°24´S 20°42´E Lucas Iowa, C USA 41°01´N 93°26´W Lucas González Entre Ríos, E Argentina 32°25´S 59°33´W Lucas Point headland West Falkland, Falkland Islands 52°10´S 60°22´W Lucasville Ohio, N USA 38°52´N 83°00´W Lucca anc. Luca. Toscana, C Italy 43°50´N 10°30´E Lucea W Jamaica 18°26´N 78°11´W Luce Bay inlet SW Scotland, United Kingdom Lucedale Mississippi, S USA 30°55´N 88°35´W

Administrative Regions International Airport

40 123 105 82

118 100

119 55 182 83 101 100 14 152 102 44 82 114

161

114 112 29 101 83 152 31 97 35 28 18 114 23 116 95 101 100 101

101 100 118 79 25 79 82 82 79 82 82 83 67 83 160 161 79

13°57´N 121°38´E M14 Lucena Andalucía, S Spain 37°25´N 04°29´W Lucena City see Lucena S8 Lucena del Cid Valenciana, E Spain 40°07´N 00°15´W D15 Lučenec Ger. Losontz, Hung. Losonc. Banskobystrický Kraj, C Slovakia 48°21´N 19°37´E Lucentum see Alicante M16 Lucera Puglia, SE Italy 41°30´N 15°19´E Lucerna/Lucerne see Luzern Lucerne, Lake of see Vierwaldstätter See J4 Lucero Chihuahua, N Mexico 30°50´N 106°30´W S14 Luchegorsk Primorskiy Kray, SE Russian Federation 46°26´N 134°10´E Q13 Luchena j SE Spain Lucheng see Kangding N13 Lucheringo var. Luchulingo. j N Mozambique Luchesa see Luchosa Luchin see Luchyn N13 Luchosa Rus. Luchesa. j N Belarus K11 Lüchow MecklenburgVorpommern, N Germany 52°57´N 11°10´E Luchow see Hefei Luchulingo see Lucheringo N17 Luchyn Rus. Luchin. Homyel’skaya Voblasts’, SE Belarus 53°01´N 30°01´E U11 Lucie Rivier j W Suriname K11 Lucindale South Australia 36°57´S 140°20´E A14 Lucira Namibe, SW Angola 13°51´S 12°35´E uck see Luts’k O14 Luckau Brandenburg, E Germany 51°50´N 13°42´E N13 Luckenwalde Brandenburg, E Germany 52°05´N 13°11´E E15 Lucknow Ontario, S Canada 43°58´N 81°30´W L12 Lucknow var. Lakhnau. state capital Uttar Pradesh, N India 26°50´N 80°54´E J10 Luçon Vendée, NW France 46°27´N 01°10´W I7 Lucrecia, Cabo headland E Cuba 21°00´N 75°34´W F13 Lucusse Moxico, E Angola 12°32´S 20°46´E Lüda see Dalian M9 Luda Kamchia var. Luda Kamchiya. j E Bulgaria Luda Kamchiya see Luda Kamchia T14 Lü Dao var. Huoshao Dao, Lütao, Eng. Green Island; prev. Lü Tao. island SE Taiwan Ludasch see Luduş I10 Luda Yana j C Bulgaria F7 Ludbreg Varaždin, N Croatia 46°15´N 16°36´E P7 Ludden North Dakota, N USA 45°58´N 98°07´W F15 Lüdenscheid NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 51°13´N 07°38´E C21 Lüderitz prev. Angra Pequena. Karas, SW Namibia 26°38´S 15°10´E H8 Ludhiāna Punjab, N India 30°56´N 75°52´E O7 Ludington Michigan, N USA 43°58´N 86°27´W K20 Ludlow W England, United Kingdom 52°20´N 02°28´W W14 Ludlow California, W USA 34°43´N 116°07´W J7 Ludlow South Dakota, N USA 45°48´N 103°21´W M9 Ludlow Vermont, NE USA 43°24´N 72°39´W L7 Ludogorie physical region NE Bulgaria W6 Ludowici Georgia, SE USA 31°42´N 81°44´W Ludsan see Ludza I10 Luduş Ger. Ludasch, Hung. Marosludas. Mureș, C Romania 46°28´N 24°05´E M14 Ludvika Dalarna, C Sweden 60°08´N 15°14´E H21 Ludwigsburg BadenWürttemberg, SW Germany 48°54´N 09°12´E O13 Ludwigsfelde Brandenburg, NE Germany 52°17´N 13°15´E G20 Ludwigshafen var. Ludwigshafen am Rhein. Rheinland-Pfalz, W Germany 49°29´N 08°24´E Ludwigshafen am Rhein see Ludwigshafen L20 Ludwigskanal canal SE Germany L10 Ludwigslust MecklenburgVorpommern, N Germany 53°19´N 11°29´E K10 Ludza Ger. Ludsan. E Latvia 56°32´N 27°41´E K21 Luebo Kasai-Occidental, SW Dem. Rep. Congo 05°19´S 21°21´E Q6 Lueders Texas, SW USA 32°46´N 99°38´W N20 Lueki Maniema, C Dem. Rep. Congo 03°25´S 25°50´E F10 Luembe var. Lubembe. j Angola/Dem. Rep. Congo E13 Luena var. Lwena, Port. Luso. Moxico, E Angola 11°47´S 19°52´E M24 Luena Katanga, SE Dem. Rep. Congo 09°28´S 25°45´E K12 Luena Northern, NE Zambia 10°40´S 30°21´E F13 Luena j E Angola F16 Luengue j SE Angola V13 Luenha j W Mozambique G15 Lueti j Angola/Zambia J7 Lüeyang var. Hejiayan. Shaanxi, C China 33°12´N 106°31´E P14 Lufeng Guangdong, S China 22°59´N 115°40´E N24 Lufira j SE Dem. Rep. Congo

108 H11 Lugano Ger. Lauis. Ticino, S Switzerland 46°01´N 08°57´E 108 H12 Lugano, Lago di var. Ceresio, Ger. Luganer See. c S Switzerland Lugansk see Luhans’k 187 Q13 Luganville Espiritu Santo, C Vanuatu 15°31´S 167°12´E Lugdunum see Lyon Lugdunum Batavorum see Leiden 83 O15 Lugela Zambézia, NE Mozambique 16°27´S 36°47´E 83 O16 Lugela j C Mozambique

82 P13 Lugenda, Rio j N Mozambique Luggarus see Locarno Lugh Ganana see Luuq 97 G19 Lugnaquillia Mountain Ir. Log na Coille. l E Ireland 52°58´N 06°27´W

106 H10 Lugo Emilia-Romagna, N Italy 44°25´N 11°53´E 104 I3 Lugo anc. Lugus Augusti. Galicia, NW Spain

117 X6

161 Q7 171 S13 160 G8 116 M3 83 G15 83 G16 83 L15

82 C13 106 D6 82 E13 92 L11 79 N25 59 M19 40 K5 45 U5

195 N5 79 K22 61 D20 79 N24 112 I11 79 I20 79 H19

119 M14

114 I8 110 O12 127 O4

79 N22 79 F21 83 G14 189 R17 82 J12 93 K14 92 J13 136 C10 160 M4 160 M4 79 O21

82 L11 Lufubu j N Zambia 124 G14 Luga Leningradskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation

25 T11

58°43´N 29°46´E

124 G13 Luga j NW Russian Federation Luganer See see Lugano, Lago di

Mountain Mountain Range

Volcano River

22 K9

79 I18 79 K22 192 L17

12°40´S 22°34´E

83 F14 Lumbala N’Guimbo var. Nguimbo, Gago Coutinho, Port. Vila Gago Coutinho. Moxico, E Angola 14°08´S 21°25´E

21 T11 Lumber River j North Carolina/South Carolina, SE USA Lumber State see Maine 22 L8 Lumberton Mississippi, S USA 31°00´N 89°27´W 21 U11 Lumberton North Carolina, SE USA 34°37´N 79°00´W 105 R4 Lumbier Navarra, N Spain 42°39´N 01°19´W

83 Q15 Lumbo Nampula, NE Mozambique 15°S 40°40´E 124 M4 Lumbovka Murmanskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 67°41´N 40°31´E 104 J7 Lumbrales Castilla y León, N Spain 40°57´N 06°43´W 153 W13 Lumding Assam, NE India 25°46´N 93°10´E

82 F12 Lumege var. Lumeje. Moxico, E Angola

45°41´N 21°56´E

Lumeje see Lumege 99 J17 Lummen Limburg, NE Belgium 50°58´N 05°12´E 93 J20 Lumparland Åland, SW Finland 60°06´N 20°15´E 167 T11 Lumphăt prev. Lomphat. Rôtânôkiri, NE Cambodia

Lugos/Lugosch see Lugoj Lugovoy/Lugovoye see Kulan 158 I13 Lugu Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 33°26´N 84°10´E Lugus Augusti see Lugo Luguvallium/Luguvallum see Carlisle 117 Y7 Luhans’k Rus. Lugansk; prev. Voroshilovgrad. Luhans’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 117 Y7

08°06´S 113°13´E

158 G12 Lumajangdong Co c W China 82 G13 Lumbala Kaquengue Moxico, E Angola

34°13´N 80°41´W

116 F12 Lugoj Ger. Lugosch, Hung. Lugos. Timiș, W Romania

79 N25 Lufira, Lac de Retenue de la var. Lac Tshangalele. c SE Dem. Rep. Congo 25 W8 Lufkin Texas, SW USA 31°21´N 94°47´W

43°N 07°33´W

Lugo r province Galicia, NW Spain 21 R12 Lugoff South Carolina, SE USA 104 I3

169 S17 Lumajang Jawa, C Indonesia

48°32´N 39°21´E Luhans’k k Luhans’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 48°25´N 39°24´E Luhans’k see Luhans’ka Oblast’

Luhans’ka Oblast’ var. Luhans’k; prev. Voroshilovgrad, Rus. Voroshilovgradskaya Oblast’. r province E Ukraine Luhe Jiangsu, E China 32°20´N 118°52´E Luhu Pulau Seram, E Indonesia 03°20´S 127°58´E Luhua see Heishui Luhuo var. Xindu, Tib. Zhaggo. Sichuan, C China 31°18´N 100°39´E Luhyny Zhytomyrs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 51°06´N 28°24´E Lui j W Zambia Luiana j SE Angola Luia, Rio var. Ruya. j Mozambique/Zimbabwe Luichow Peninsula see Leizhou Bandao Luik see Liège Luimbale Huambo, C Angola 12°15´S 15°19´E Luimneach see Limerick Luino Lombardia, N Italy 46°00´N 08°45´E Luio j E Angola Luiro j NE Finland Luishia Katanga, SE Dem. Rep. Congo 11°18´S 27°08´E Luislândia do Oeste Minas Gerais, SE Brazil 17°59´S 45°35´W Luis L. León, Presa d N Mexico Luis Muñoz Marín var. Luis Muñoz Marin. k NE Puerto Rico 18°27´N 66°05´W Luis Muñoz Marin see Luis Muñoz Marín Luitpold Coast physical region Antarctica Luiza Kasai-Occidental, S Dem. Rep. Congo 07°11´S 22°27´E Luján Buenos Aires, E Argentina 34°34´S 59°07´W Lukafu Katanga, SE Dem. Rep. Congo 10°28´S 27°32´E Lukapa see Lucapa Lukavac r  Federacija Bosne I Hercegovine, NE Bosnia and Herzegovina Lukenie j C Dem. Rep. Congo Lŭki see Laki Lukolela Equateur, W Dem. Rep. Congo 01°10´S 17°11´E Lukoml’skaye, Vozyera see Lukomskaye, Vozyera Lukoml’skoye, Ozero see Lukomskaye, Vozyera Lukomskaye, Vozyera Rus. Ozero Lukoml’skoye; prev. Vozyera Lukoml’skaye. c N Belarus Lukovit Lovech, N Bulgaria 43°11´N 24°10´E Łuków Ger. Bogendorf. Lubelskie, E Poland 51°57´N 22°22´E Lukoyanov Nizhegorodskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 55°02´N 44°26´E Lukransar see Lūnkaransar Lukuga j SE Dem. Rep. Congo Lukula Bas-Congo, SW Dem. Rep. Congo 05°23´S 12°57´E Lukulu Western, NW Zambia 14°24´S 23°12´E Lukunor Atoll atoll Mortlock Islands, C Micronesia Lukwesa Luapula, NE Zambia 10°03´S 28°42´E Luleå Norrbotten, N Sweden 65°35´N 22°10´E Luleälven j N Sweden Lüleburgaz Kırklareli, NW Turkey 41°25´N 27°22´E Lüliang var. Lishi. Shanxi, C China 37°27´N 111°05´E Lüliang Shan m C China Lulimba Maniema, E Dem. Rep. Congo 04°42´S 28°38´E Luling Louisiana, S USA 29°55´N 90°22´W Luling Texas, SW USA 29°40´N 97°39´W Lulonga j NW Dem. Rep. Congo Lulua j S Dem. Rep. Congo Luluabourg see Kananga Luma Ta‘ū, E American Samoa 14°15´S 169°30´W

Lake Reservoir

11°30´S 20°57´E

13°30´N

11 U16 Lumsden Saskatchewan, S Canada 50°39´N 104°52´W 185 C23 Lumsden Southland, South Island, New Zealand 45°43´S 168°26´E

169 N14 Lumut, Tanjung headland Sumatera, W Indonesia 157 P4

03°47´S 105°55´E

Lün Töv, C Mongolia 47°51´N 105°11´E

116 I13 Lunca Corbului Argeș, S Romania 44°41´N 24°46´E 95 K23 Lund Skåne, S Sweden 35 X6 82 D11 82 E12 82 M13 95 G16 95 C17 97 I23 100 J10

55°42´N 13°10´E Lund Nevada, W USA 38°50´N 115°00´W Lunda Norte r province NE Angola Lunda Sul r province NE Angola Lundazi Eastern, NE Zambia 12°19´S 33°11´E Lunde Telemark, S Norway 61°31´N 06°38´E Lundenburg see Břeclav Lundevatnet c S Norway Lundi see Runde Lundy island SW England, United Kingdom Lüneburg Niedersachsen, N Germany 53°15´N 10°25´E

100 J11 Lüneburger Heide heathland NW Germany 103 Q15 Lunel Hérault, S France 43°40´N 04°08´E

101 F14 Lünen Nordrhein-Westfalen, W Germany 51°37´N 07°31´E 13 P16 Lunenburg Nova Scotia, SE Canada 44°23´N 64°21´W 21 V7 Lunenburg Virginia, NE USA 36°56´N 78°15´W 103 T5 Lunéville Meurtheet-Moselle, NE France 48°35´N 06°30´E

83 I14 Lunga j C Zambia Lunga, Isola see Dugi Otok 158 H12 Lungdo Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 33°45´N 82°09´E 158 I14 Lunggar Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 31°10´N 84°01´E 76 I15 Lungi k (Freetown) W Sierra Leone 08°36´N 13°10´W Lungkiang see Qiqihar Lungleh see Lunglei 153 W15 Lunglei prev. Lungleh. Mizoram, NE India 22°55´N 92°49´E

158 L15 Lungsang Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 29°50´N 88°27´E 82 E13 Lungué-Bungo var. Lungwebungu. j Angola/ Zambia see also Lungwebungu Lungué-Bungo see Lungwebungu 83 G14 Lungwebungu var. LunguéBungo. j Angola/Zambia see also Lungué-Bungo Lungwebungu see Lungué-Bungo 152 F12 Lūni Rājasthān, N India 26°03´N 73°00´E

152 F12 Lūni j N India Luninets see Luninyets 35 S7 Luning Nevada, W USA 38°29´N 118°10´W

127 P6

uniniec see Luninyets Lunino Penzenskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 53°35´N 45°12´E

119 J19 Luninyets Pol. uniniec, Rus. Luninets. Brestskaya Voblasts’, SW Belarus 52°15´N 26°48´E

152 F10 Lūnkaransar var. Lookransar, Lukransar. Rājasthān, NW India 28°32´N 73°50´E

119 G17 Lunna Pol. unna, Rus. Lunno. Hrodzyenskaya Voblasts’, W Belarus 53°27´N 24°16´E unna see Lunna Lunno see Lunna 76 I15 Lunsar W Sierra Leone 08°41´N 12°32´W 83 K14 Lunsemfwa j C Zambia 158 J6 Luntai var. Bügür. Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 41°48´N 84°14´E 98 K11 Lunteren Gelderland, C Netherlands 52°05´N 05°38´E

109 U5 Lunz am See Niederösterreich, C Austria

47°54´N 15°01´E Luobei var. Fengxiang. Heilongjiang, NE China 47°35´N 130°50´E Luocheng see Hui’an, Fujian, China Luocheng see Luoding, Guangdong, China 160 J13 Luodian var. Longping. Guizhou, S China 25°25´N 106°49´E 160 M15 Luoding var. Luocheng. Guangdong, S China 22°44´N 111°28´E

163 Y7

281

Luohe – Madura, SeLat 161 N7 Luohe Henan, C China 33°37´N 114°00´E

160 M6 Luo He j C China 160 L5 Luo He j C China Lựựi Liêm, Nhom see Crescent Group Luolajarvi see Kuoloyarvi Luong Nam Tha see Louangnamtha 160 L13 Luoqing Jiang j S China 161 O8 Luoshan Henan, C China 32°12´N 114°30´E

161 O12 Luoxiao Shan m S China 161 N6 Luoyang var. Honan, Lo-yang. Henan, C China

83 J17 160 I12 169 R10 116 G12

82 N13 83 E14 79 L22 121 P16 159 U11

103 T7 82 D11 97 F15 57 K18 83 Q14

29 S11 79 O22 82 F13 81 H24 82 K12

26°29´N 119°32´E Luozi Bas-Congo, W Dem. Rep. Congo 04°57´S 14°08´E Lupane Matabeleland North, W Zimbabwe 18°54´S 27°44´E Lupanshui var. Liupanshui; prev. Shuicheng. Guizhou, S China 26°38´N 104°49´E Lupar, Batang j East Malaysia Lupatia see Altamura Lupeni Hung. Lupény. Hunedoara, SW Romania 45°20´N 23°10´E Lupény see Lupeni Lupiliche Niassa, N Mozambique 11°36´S 35°15´E Lupire Kuando Kubango, E Angola 14°39´S 19°39´E Luputa Kasai-Oriental, S Dem. Rep. Congo 07°07´S 23°43´E Luqa k (Valletta) S Malta 35°53´N 14°27´E Luqu var. Ma’ai. Gansu, C China 34°34´N 102°27´E

23 N3 Luxapallila Creek j Alabama/Mississippi, S USA 99 M25 Luxembourg a (Luxembourg) Luxembourg, S Luxembourg

39°06´N 98°41´W Luray Virginia, NE USA 38°40´N 78°28´W Lure Haute-Saône, E France 47°42´N 06°30´E Luremo Lunda Norte, NE Angola 08°32´S 17°55´E Lurgan Ir. An Lorgain. S Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 54°28´N 06°20´W Luribay La Paz, W Bolivia 17°05´S 67°37´W Luring see Gêrzê Lúrio Nampula, NE Mozambique 13°32´S 40°34´E

83 P14 Lúrio, Rio j NE Mozambique Luristan see Lorestān Lurka see Lorca 83 J15 Lusaka a (Zambia) Lusaka, SE Zambia 15°24´S 28°17´E 83 J15 Lusaka r province C Zambia 83 J15 Lusaka k Lusaka, C Zambia

49°37´N 06°08´E

99 M25 Luxembourg off. Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, var. Lëtzebuerg, Luxemburg. b monarchy NW Europe 99 J23 Luxembourg r province SE Belgium 99 L24 Luxembourg r district S Luxembourg 31 N6 Luxemburg Wisconsin, N USA 44°32´N 87°42´W Luxemburg see Luxembourg 103 U7 Luxeuil-les-Bains Haute-Saône, E France 160 E13 82 E10 75 X10 75 X10 160 102 102 125

M4 J15 J15 P12

125 Q12 104 I16 111 K20

108 F8 108 E8 160 L13 118 K12

15°10´S 28°22´E

79 L21 Lusambo Kasai-Oriental, C Dem. Rep. Congo 186 F8 79 I21 79 N21

113 K21 81 J21 102 L10 33 Z15 102 L10

108 I7

22 K9 143 T9 83 F14

14 G15 186 K8 97 N21 97 N21 108 B10 8

K10

8

K10

29 Y4 116 J4

83 G25

82 E13 117 Y7 171 V14 23 V12

195 V2

282

31°43´N 86°15´W Luverne Minnesota, N USA 43°39´N 96°12´W Luvua j SE Dem. Rep. Congo Luvuei Moxico, E Angola 13°08´S 21°09´E Luwego j S Tanzania Luwingu Northern, NE Zambia 10°13´S 29°58´E Luwuk prev. Loewoek. Sulawesi, C Indonesia 0°56´S 122°47´E

171 P12

45 U5 Luquillo, Sierra de m E Puerto Rico 26 L4 Luray Kansas, C USA 21 U4

66°28´N 27°16´E

23 Q6 Luverne Alabama, S USA

34°41´N 112°25´E

161 R12 Luoyuan var. Fengshan. Fujian, SE China 79 F21

81 L16 Luuq It. Lugh Ganana. Gedo, SW Somalia 03°42´N 42°34´E 92 M12 Luusua Lappi, NE Finland

160 I10

04°59´S 23°26´E

Lusancay Islands and Reefs island group SE Papua New Guinea Lusanga Bandundu, SW Dem. Rep. Congo 04°55´S 18°40´E Lusangi Maniema, E Dem. Rep. Congo 04°39´S 27°10´E Lusatian Mountains see Lausitzer Bergland Lushar see Huangzhong Lushnja see Lushnjë Lushnjë var. Lushnja. Fier, C Albania 40°54´N 19°43´E Lushoto Tanga, E Tanzania 04°48´S 38°20´E Lusignan Vienne, W France 46°25´N 00°06´E Lusk Wyoming, C USA 42°45´N 104°27´W Luso see Luena Lussac-les-Châteaux Vienne, W France 46°23´N 00°44´E Lussin/Lussino see Lošinj Lussinpiccolo see Mali Lošinj Lustenau Vorarlberg, W Austria 47°26´N 09°42´E Lütao see Lü Dao Lü Tao see Lü Dao Lūt, Baḩrat/Lut, Bahret see Dead Sea Lutcher Louisiana, S USA 30°02´N 90°42´W Lūt, Dasht-e var. Kavīr-e Lūt. desert E Iran Lutembo Moxico, E Angola 13°30´S 21°21´E Lutetia/Lutetia Parisiorum see Paris Luteva see Lodève Luther Lake c Ontario, S Canada Luti Choiseul, NW Solomon Islands 07°13´S 157°01´E Lūt, Kavīr-e see Lūt, Dasht-e Luton E England, United Kingdom 51°53´N 00°25´W Luton k (London) SE England, United Kingdom 51°54´N 00°24´W Lutry Vaud, SW Switzerland 46°31´N 06°32´E Łutselk’e prev. Snowdrift. Northwest Territories, W Canada 62°24´N 110°42´W Lutselk’e var. Snowdrift. j Northwest Territories, NW Canada Lutsen Minnesota, N USA 47°39´N 90°37´W Luts’k Pol. uck, Rus. Lutsk. Volyns’ka Oblast’, NW Ukraine 50°45´N 25°23´E Lutsk see Luts’k Luttenberg see Ljutomer Lüttich see Liège Luttig Western Cape, SW South Africa 32°33´S 22°13´E Lutto see Lotta Lutuai Moxico, E Angola 12°38´S 20°06´E Lutuhyne Luhans’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 48°24´N 39°12´E Lutur, Pulau island Kepulauan Aru, E Indonesia Lutz Florida, SE USA 28°09´N 82°27´W Lutzow-Holm Bay see Lützow Holmbukta Lützow Holmbukta var. Lutzow-Holm Bay. bay Antarctica

171 O2 171 N1

116 I5

116 I4

110 F11 111 E14

119 I18

185 B22

124 H11 119 I18 119 F19 124 H15

93 I15

47°49´N 06°22´E Luxi prev. Mangshi. Yunnan, SW China 24°27´N 98°31´E Luxico j Angola/Dem. Rep. Congo Luxor Ar. Al Uqşur. E Egypt 25°39´N 32°39´E Luxor k C Egypt 25°39´N 32°48´E Luya Shan m C China Luy de Béarn j SW France Luy de France j SW France Luza Kirovskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 60°38´N 47°13´E Luza j NW Russian Federation Luz, Costa de la coastal region SW Spain Luže var. Lausche. l Czech Republic/Germany 50°51´N 14°40´E see also Lausche Luže see Lausche Luzern Fr. Lucerne, It. Lucerna. Luzern, C Switzerland 47°03´N 08°17´E Luzern Fr. Lucerne. r canton C Switzerland Luzhai Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, S China 24°31´N 109°46´E Luzhki Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’, N Belarus 55°21´N 27°52´E Luzhou Sichuan, C China 28°55´N 105°25´E Lužická Nisa see Neisse Lužické Hory’ see Lausitzer Bergland Lužnice see Lainsitz Luzon island N Philippines Luzon Strait strait Philippines/Taiwan Lużyckie, Gory see Lausitzer Bergland L’viv Ger. Lemberg, Pol. Lwów, Rus. L’vov. L’vivs’ka Oblast’, W Ukraine 49°49´N 24°05´E L’viv see L’vivs’ka Oblast’ L’vivs’ka Oblast’ var. L’viv, Rus. L’vovskaya Oblast’. r province NW Ukraine L’vov see L’viv L’vovskaya Oblast’ see L’vivs’ka Oblast’ Lwena see Luena Lwów see L’viv Lwówek Ger. Neustadt bei Pinne. Wielkopolskie, C Poland 52°27´N 16°10´E Lwówek Śląski Ger. Löwenberg in Schlesien. Jelenia Góra, SW Poland 51°06´N 15°35´E Lyakhavichy Rus. Lyakhovichi. Brestskaya Voblasts’, SW Belarus 53°02´N 26°16´E Lyakhovichi see Lyakhavichy Lyall, Mount l South Island, New Zealand 45°14´S 167°31´E Lyallpur see Faisalābād Lyangar see Langar Lyaskelya Respublika Kareliya, NW Russian Federation 61°42´N 31°06´E Lyasnaya Rus. Lesnaya. Brestskaya Voblasts’, SW Belarus 52°59´N 25°46´E Lyasnaya Pol. Leśna, Rus. Lesnaya. j SW Belarus Lychkovo Novgorodskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 57°55´N 32°24´E Lyck see Ełk Lycksele Västerbotten, N Sweden 64°34´N 18°40´E

18 G13 Lycoming Creek j Pennsylvania, NE USA Lycopolis see Asyūţ 195 N3 Lyddan Island island Antarctica Lydenburg see Mashishing 119 L20 Lyel’chytsy Rus. Lel’chitsy. Homyel’skaya Voblasts’, SE Belarus 51°47´N 28°20´E 119 P14 Lyenina Rus. Lenino. Mahilyowskaya Voblasts’, E Belarus 54°25´N 31°08´E 118 L13 Lyepyel’ Rus. Lepel’. Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’, N Belarus 54°54´N 28°44´E 25 S17 Lyford Texas, SW USA 95 E17 18 G14 115 E21 97 K24 97 K24 110 L7 29 P12 20 J10

26°24´N 97°47´W Lygna j S Norway Lykens Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°33´N 76°42´W Lykódimo l S Greece 36°56´N 21°49´E Lyme Bay bay S England, United Kingdom Lyme Regis S England, United Kingdom 50°44´N 02°56´W Łyna Ger. Alle. j N Poland Lynch Nebraska, C USA 42°49´N 98°27´W Lynchburg Tennessee, S USA 35°17´N 86°22´W

Country Country Capital

21 T6

Lynchburg Virginia, NE USA 37°24´N 79°09´W

21 T12 Lynches River j South Carolina, SE USA 32 H6 Lynden Washington, NW USA 48°57´N 122°27´W 182 I5 Lyndhurst South Australia 30°19´S 138°20´E

27 Q5 Lyndon Kansas, C USA 19 N7 95 D18 92 I9 95 G17 92 I9 19 P11 23 R9 11 V11 118 I13 103 R11 8

I6

18 K6

38°37´N 95°40´W Lyndonville Vermont, NE USA 44°31´N 71°58´W Lyngdal Vest-Agder, S Norway 58°10´N 07°08´E Lyngen Lapp. Ivgovuotna. inlet Arctic Ocean Lyngør Aust-Agder, S Norway 58°38´N 09°05´E Lyngseidet Troms, N Norway 69°36´N 20°07´E Lynn Massachusetts, NE USA 42°28´N 70°57´W Lynn see King’s Lynn Lynn Haven Florida, SE USA 30°15´N 85°39´W Lynn Lake Manitoba, C Canada 56°51´N 101°01´W Lynn Regis see King’s Lynn Lyntupy Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’, NW Belarus 55°03´N 26°19´E Lyon Eng. Lyons; anc. Lugdunum. Rhône, E France 45°46´N 04°50´E Lyon, Cape headland Northwest Territories, NW Canada 69°47´N 123°10´W Lyon Mountain l New York, NE USA 44°42´N 73°52´W

103 Q11 Lyonnais, Monts du m C France 65 N25 Lyon Point headland SE Tristan da Cunha 182 E5 37 T3 23 V6 26 M5 29 R14 18 G10 118 O13 117 S4 117 N6

111 I18 95 D16 95 I18 33 V14 127 P3 108 D8 95 H22 125 V14 117 P6 117 X6

37°06´S 12°13´W

Lyons South Australia

30°40´S 133°50´E Lyons Colorado, C USA 40°13´N 105°16´W Lyons Georgia, SE USA 32°12´N 82°19´W Lyons Kansas, C USA 38°22´N 98°13´W Lyons Nebraska, C USA 41°56´N 96°28´W Lyons New York, NE USA 43°03´N 76°58´W Lyons see Lyon Lyozna Rus. Liozno. Vitsyebskaya Voblasts’, NE Belarus 55°02´N 30°48´E Lypova Dolyna Sums’ka Oblast’, NE Ukraine 50°36´N 33°50´E Lypovets’ Rus. Lipovets. Vinnyts’ka Oblast’, C Ukraine 49°13´N 29°06´E Lys see Leie Lysá Hora l E Czech Republic 49°31´N 18°27´E Lysefjorden fjord S Norway Lysekil Västra Götaland, S Sweden 58°16´N 11°26´E Lýsi see Akdoğan Lysite Wyoming, C USA 43°16´N 107°42´W Lyskovo Nizhegorodskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 56°04´N 45°01´E Lyss Bern, W Switzerland 47°04´N 07°19´E Lystrup Midtjylland, C Denmark 56°14´N 10°14´E Lys’va Permskiy Kray, NW Russian Federation 58°04´N 57°48´E Lysyanka Cherkas’ka Oblast’, C Ukraine 49°15´N 30°50´E Lysychans’k Rus. Lisichansk. Luhans’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 48°52´N 38°27´E

97 K17 Lytham St Anne’s NW England, United Kingdom 53°45´N 03°01´W 185 I19 Lyttelton South Island, New Zealand 43°35´S 172°44´E 10 M17 Lytton British Columbia, SW Canada 50°12´N 121°34´W 119 L18 Lyuban’ Minskaya Voblasts’, S Belarus 52°48´N 28°00´E 119 L18 Lyubanskaye Vodaskhovishcha Rus. Lyubanskoye Vodokhranilishche. d C Belarus Lyubanskoye Vodokhranilishche see Lyubanskaye Vodaskhovishcha 116 M5 Lyubar Zhytomyrs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 49°54´N 27°48´E Lyubashëvka see Lyubashivka 117 O8 Lyubashivka Rus. Lyubashëvka. Odes’ka Oblast’, SW Ukraine 119 I16 126 L4 116 K2 124 M14 114 K11 116 I3

117 U5 126 I5 127 T2 114 M9 119 I18

47°49´N 30°18´E Lyubcha Pol. Lubcz. Hrodzyenskaya Voblasts’, W Belarus 53°45´N 26°04´E Lyubertsy Moskovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 55°37´N 38°02´E Lyubeshiv Volyns’ka Oblast’, NW Ukraine 51°46´N 25°33´E Lyubim Yaroslavskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 58°21´N 40°46´E Lyubimets Haskovo, S Bulgaria 41°51´N 26°03´E Lyublin see Lublin Lyuboml’ Pol. Luboml. Volyns’ka Oblast’, NW Ukraine 51°12´N 24°01´E Lyubotin see Lyubotyn Lyubotyn Rus. Lyubotin. Kharkivs’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 49°57´N 35°57´E Lyudinovo Kaluzhskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 53°52´N 34°28´E Lyuk Udmurtskaya Respublika, NW Russian Federation 56°55´N 52°45´E Lyulyakovo prev. Keremitlik. Burgas, E Bulgaria 42°53´N 27°05´E Lyusina Rus. Lyusino. Brestskaya Voblasts’, SW Belarus 52°38´N 26°31´E Lyusino see Lyusina

M 138 G9 Ma’ād Irbid, N Jordan 32°37´N 35°36´E Ma’ai see Luqu Maalahti see Malax Maale see Male’

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

138 G13 Ma‘ān Ma‘ān, SW Jordan

76 K15 Macenta SE Guinea

138 H13 Ma‘ān off. Muḩāfaat Ma‘ān, var. Ma’an, Ma’ān. r governorate S Jordan 93 M16 Maaninka Pohjois-Savo, C Finland 63°10´N 27°19´E Maanĭt see Bayan, Töv, Mongolia Maanĭt see Hishig Öndör, Bulgan, Mongolia Ma‘ān, Muḩāfaat see Ma‘ān 93 N15 Maanselkä Kainuu, C Finland 63°54´N 28°28´E 161 Q8 Ma’anshan Anhui, E China

106 J12 Macerata Marche, C Italy

30°11´N 35°45´E

31°45´N 118°32´E

188 F16 Maap island Caroline Islands, W Micronesia 118 H3 Maardu Ger. Maart. Harjumaa, NW Estonia 59°28´N 24°56´E

Ma‘aret-en-Nu‘man see Ma‘arrat an Nu‘mān 99 K16 Maarheeze Noord-Brabant, SE Netherlands 51°19´N 05°37´E Maarianhamina see Mariehamn 138 I4 Ma‘arrat an Nu‘mān var. Ma‘aret-en-Nu‘man, Fr. Maarret enn Naamâne. Idlib, NW Syria 35°40´N 36°40´E Maarret enn Naamâne see Ma‘arrat an Nu‘mān 98 I11 Maarssen Utrecht, C Netherlands 52°08´N 05°03´E Maart see Maardu 99 L17 Maas Fr. Meuse. j W Europe see also Meuse Maas see Meuse 99 M15 Maasbree Limburg, SE Netherlands 51°22´N 06°03´E 99 L17 Maaseik prev. Maeseyck. Limburg, NE Belgium 51°05´N 05°48´E

171 Q6 Maasin Leyte, C Philippines 10°10´N 124°55´E

99 L17 Maasmechelen Limburg, NE Belgium 50°58´N 05°42´E 98 G12 Maassluis ZuidHolland, SW Netherlands 99 L18

183 N18 83 L20 25 V7 97 O18 171 V12 83 M19 32 J10 83 H20 63 G19 60 Q9 82 N13

161 N15

104 H9

58 J11 43 S17 55 P6 55 Q6 182 L12 56 C7 59 Q14

65 E24 23 V9

51°55´N 04°15´E Maastricht var. Maestricht; anc. Traiectum ad Mosam, Traiectum Tungorum. Limburg, SE Netherlands 50°51´N 05°42´E Maatsuyker Group island group Tasmania, SE Australia Maba see Qujiang Mabalane Gaza, S Mozambique 23°43´S 32°37´E Mabank Texas, SW USA 32°22´N 96°06´W Mablethorpe E England, United Kingdom 53°21´N 00°14´E Maboi Papua Barat, E Indonesia 01°00´S 134°02´E Mabote Inhambane, S Mozambique 22°03´S 34°09´E Mabton Washington, NW USA 46°13´N 120°00´W Mabutsane Southern, S Botswana 24°24´S 23°34´E Macá, Cerro l S Chile 45°07´S 73°11´W Macaé Rio de Janeiro, SE Brazil 22°21´S 41°48´W Macaloge Niassa, N Mozambique 12°27´S 35°25´E Macan see Bonerate, Kepulauan Macao off. Macao Special Administrative Region, var. Macao S.A.R., Chin. Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu, Port. Região Administrativa Especial de Macau. Guangdong, SE China 22°06´N 113°30´E Mação Santarém, C Portugal 39°33´N 08°00´W Macao S.A.R. see Macao

Macao Special Administrative Region see Macao Macapá state capital Amapá, N Brazil 0°04´N 51°04´W Macaracas Los Santos, S Panama 07°46´N 80°31´W Macare, Caño j NE Venezuela Macareo, Caño j NE Venezuela Macarsca see Makarska Macarthur Victoria, SE Australia 38°04´S 142°02´E MacArthur see Ormoc Macas Morona Santiago, SE Ecuador 02°22´S 78°08´W Macassar see Makassar Macau Rio Grande do Norte, E Brazil 05°05´S 36°37´W Macău see Makó, Hungary Macau, Região Administrativa Especial de see Macao Macbride Head headland East Falkland, Falkland Islands 51°25´S 57°55´W

Macclenny Florida, SE USA

30°16´N 82°07´W 97 L18 Macclesfield C England, United Kingdom 53°16´N 02°07´W 192 F6 Macclesfield Bank undersea feature N South China Sea 15°50´N 114°20´E MacCluer Gulf see Berau, Teluk 181 N7 Macdonald, Lake salt lake Western Australia

181 Q7 Macdonnell Ranges m Northern Territory, C Australia 96 K8 Macduff NE Scotland, United Kingdom 57°40´N 02°29´W 104 I6 Macedo de Cavaleiros Bragança, N Portugal 41°31´N 06°57´W Macedonia see Macedonia, FYR Macedonia Central see Kentrikí Makedonía

Macedonia East and Thrace see Anatolikí Makedonía kai Thráki 113 O19 Macedonia, FYR off. the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, var. Macedonia, Mac. Makedonija, abbrev. FYR Macedonia, FYROM. b republic SE Europe Macedonia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of see Macedonia, FYR Macedonia West see Dytikí Makedonía 59 Q16 Maceió state capital Alagoas, E Brazil 09°40´S 35°44´W

Administrative Regions International Airport

08°31´N 09°32´W 43°18´N 13°27´E

11 S11 MacFarlane j Saskatchewan, C Canada 182 H7 Macfarlane, Lake var. Lake Mcfarlane. c South Australia Macgillicuddy’s Reeks Mountains see Macgillycuddy’s Reeks 97 B21 Macgillycuddy’s Reeks var. Macgillicuddy’s Reeks Mountains, Ir. Na Cruacha Dubha. m SW Ireland 11 X16 MacGregor Manitoba, S Canada 49°58´N 98°49´W 149 O10 Mach Baluchistān, SW Pakistan 29°52´N 67°20´E 56 C6 Machachi Pichincha, C Ecuador 0°33´S 78°34´W 83 M19 Machaila Gaza, S Mozambique 22°15´S 32°57´E Machaire Fíolta see Magherafelt Machaire Rátha see Maghera 81 I19 Machakos Machakos, S Kenya 01°31´S 37°16´E 81 I20 Machakos r county C Kenya 56 B8 Machala El Oro, SW Ecuador

183 P17 Macquarie River j Tasmania, SE Australia 195 V5 Mac. Robertson Land physical region Antarctica 97 C21 Macroom Ir. Maigh Chromtha. Cork, SW Ireland 42 G5 182 G2 57 I16 56 E8 41 U15 138 G10

138 G11

172 G2

03°20´S 79°57´W

83 J19 Machaneng Central, SE Botswana 23°12´S 27°30´E 83 M18 Machanga Sofala, E Mozambique 20°56´S 35°04´E 80 G13 Machar Marshes wetland SE Sudan 102 I8 Machecoul Loire-Atlantique, NW France 46°59´N 01°51´W 161 O8 Macheng Hubei, C China 31°10´N 115°00´E

155 J16 Mācherla Andhra Pradesh, C India 16°29´N 79°25´E 153 O11 Māchhāpuchhre l C Nepal 19 T6 19 T6 19 R3 64 P5 155 K16

54 G5 57 G15 83 M20

116 M13 183 T4 181 Y7 181 O7 10 M13 8

I9

195 Y6 10 J1 2

D9

197 P8

8

H8

31 Q5 194 K5 11 R15 183 V6 183 V5 83 J24 183 U6 180 G9 10 I6 30 J12 107 B18 82 Q13 103 R10 23 T5 23 N4 27 U3 22 J6 82 G13 83 M16

28°30´N 83°57´E Machias Maine, NE USA 44°44´N 67°28´W Machias River j Maine, NE USA Machias River j Maine, NE USA Machico Madeira, Portugal, NE Atlantic Ocean 32°43´N 16°47´W Machilīpatnam var. Bandar Masulipatnam. Andhra Pradesh, E India 16°12´N 81°11´E Machiques Zulia, NW Venezuela 10°04´N 72°37´W Machu Picchu Cusco, C Peru 13°08´S 72°30´W Macia var. Vila de Macia. Gaza, S Mozambique 25°02´S 33°08´E Macías Nguema Biyogo see Bioco, Isla de Măcin Tulcea, SE Romania 45°15´N 28°09´E Macintyre River j New South Wales/Queensland, SE Australia Mackay Queensland, NE Australia 21°10´S 149°10´E Mackay, Lake salt lake Northern Territory/Western Australia Mackenzie British Columbia, W Canada 55°18´N 123°09´W Mackenzie j Northwest Territories, NW Canada Mackenzie Bay bay Antarctica Mackenzie Bay bay NW Canada Mackenzie Delta delta Northwest Territories, NW Canada

Mackenzie King Island island Queen Elizabeth Islands, Northwest Territories, N Canada Mackenzie Mountains m Northwest Territories, NW Canada Mackinac, Straits of c Michigan, N USA Mackintosh, Cape headland Antarctica 72°52´S 60°00´W Macklin Saskatchewan, S Canada 52°19´N 109°51´W Macksville New South Wales, SE Australia 30°39´S 152°54´E Maclean New South Wales, SE Australia 29°30´S 153°15´E Maclear Eastern Cape, SE South Africa 31°05´S 28°22´E Macleay River j New South Wales, SE Australia MacLeod see Fort Macleod Macleod, Lake c Western Australia Macmillan j Yukon, NW Canada Macomb Illinois, N USA

40°27´N 90°40´W Macomer Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 40°15´N 08°47´E Macomia Cabo Delgado, NE Mozambique 12°15´S 40°06´E Mâcon anc. Matisco, Matisco Ædourum. Saône-etLoire, C France 46°19´N 04°49´E Macon Georgia, SE USA 32°49´N 83°41´W Macon Mississippi, S USA 33°06´N 88°33´W Macon Missouri, C USA 39°44´N 92°27´W Macon, Bayou j Arkansas/ Louisiana, S USA Macondo Moxico, E Angola 12°31´S 23°45´E Macossa Manica, C Mozambique 17°51´S 33°54´E

11 T12 Macoun Lake c Saskatchewan, C Canada 30 K14 Macoupin Creek j Illinois, N USA Macouria see Tonate 83 N18 Macovane Inhambane, SE Mozambique 21°30´S 35°07´E

183 N17 Macquarie Harbour inlet Tasmania, SE Australia 192 J13 Macquarie Island island New Zealand, SW Pacific Ocean 183 T8 Macquarie, Lake lagoon New South Wales, SE Australia 183 Q6 Macquarie Marshes wetland New South Wales, SE Australia 175 O13 Macquarie Ridge undersea feature SW Pacific Ocean 57°00´S 159°00´E

183 Q6 Macquarie River j New South Wales, SE Australia

Mountain Mountain Range

172 I5 128 L17

51°54´N 08°57´W Macuelizo Santa Bárbara, NW Honduras 15°21´N 88°31´W Macumba River j South Australia Macusani Puno, S Peru 14°05´S 70°24´W Macusari, Río j N Peru Macuspana Tabasco, SE Mexico 17°43´N 92°36´W Mādabā var. Ma‘dabā, Madeba; anc. Medeba. Mādabā, NW Jordan 31°44´N 35°48´E Mādabā off. Muḩāfaᶎat Mādabā, var. Ma’dabā. r governorate C Jordan Ma’dabā see Mādabā Ma‘dabā see Mādabā Mādabā, Muḩāfaựat see Mādabā Madagascar off. Democratic Republic of Madagascar, Malg. Madagasikara; prev. Malagasy Republic. b republic W Indian Ocean Madagascar island W Indian Ocean Madagascar Basin undersea feature W Indian Ocean 27°00´S 53°00´E

Madagascar, Democratic Republic of see Madagascar 128 L16 Madagascar Plain undersea feature W Indian Ocean 19°00´S 52°00´E

67 Y14 Madagascar Plateau var. Madagascar Ridge, Madagascar Rise, Rus. Madagaskarskiy Khrebet. undersea feature W Indian Ocean 30°00´S 45°00´E Madagascar Rise/ Madagascar Ridge see Madagascar Plateau Madagasikara see Madagascar Madagaskarskiy Khrebet see Madagascar Plateau 64 N2 Madalena Pico, Azores, Portugal, NE Atlantic Ocean 77 Y6 114 J12 155 I19 186 D7 186 C6 146 G7

77 U11 153 U15 77 U12 146 B13 186 H9 19 S1 14 J13

166 M4 107 K17 29 O3 99 I14 64 L9

64 O5

64 L9

64 L9

38°32´N 28°15´W Madama Agadez, NE Niger 21°54´N 13°43´E Madan Smolyan, S Bulgaria 41°29´N 24°56´E Madanapalle Andhra Pradesh, E India 13°33´N 78°31´E Madang Madang, N Papua New Guinea 05°14´S 145°45´E Madang r province N Papua New Guinea Madaniyat Rus. Madeniyet. Qoraqalpog‘iston Respublikasi, W Uzbekistan 42°48´N 59°00´E Madanīyīn see Médenine Madaoua Tahoua, SW Niger 14°06´N 06°01´E Madaras see Vtáčnik Madaripur Dhaka, C Bangladesh 23°09´N 90°11´E Madarounfa Maradi, S Niger 13°16´N 07°07´E Mađarska see Hungary Madau Balkan Welaýaty, W Turkmenistan 38°11´N 54°46´E Madau Island island SE Papua New Guinea Madawaska Maine, NE USA 47°19´N 68°19´W Madawaska j Ontario, SE Canada Madawaska Highlands see Haliburton Highlands Madaya Mandalay, C Myanmar (Burma) 22°12´N 96°05´E Maddaloni Campania, S Italy 41°03´N 14°23´E Maddock North Dakota, N USA 47°57´N 99°31´W Made Noord-Brabant, S Netherlands 51°41´N 04°48´E Madeba see Mādabā Madeira var. Ilha de Madeira. island Madeira, Portugal, NE Atlantic Ocean Madeira, Ilha de see Madeira Madeira Islands Port. Região Autoónoma da Madeira. r autonomous region Madeira, Portugal, NE Atlantic Ocean Madeira Plain undersea feature E Atlantic Ocean

Madeira, Região Autoónoma da see Madeira Islands Madeira Ridge undersea feature E Atlantic Ocean

141 O14 Madhāb, Wādī dry watercourse NW Yemen 153 R13 Madhepura prev. Madhipure. Bihār, NE India 25°56´N 86° 48´E

Madhipure see Madhepura 153 Q13 Madhubani Bihār, N India 26°21´N 86°05´E

153 Q15 Madhupur Jhārkhand, NE India 24°17´N 86°38´E 154 I10 Madhya Pradesh prev. Central Provinces and Berar. r state C India 57 K15 Madidi, Río j W Bolivia 155 F20 Madikeri prev. Mercara. Karnātaka, W India 12°29´N 75°40´E

27 O13 Madill Oklahoma, C USA 34°06´N 96°46´W

79 G21 Madimba Bas-Congo, SW Dem. Rep. Congo 04°58´S 15°08´E

138 M4 Ma‘din Ar Raqqah, C Syria 35°45´N 39°36´E

Madīnah, Minţaqat al see Al Madīnah 76 M14 Madinani NW Ivory Coast 09°37´N 06°57´W

141 O17 Madīnat ash Sha‘b prev. Al Ittiḩād. SW Yemen 138 K3 173 O6 79 E21 79 F21 23 U8 23 T3 31 P15 27 P6 19 Q6 29 S9 22 K5 29 Q14 29 R10 21 V5 21 Q5 30 L9 21 T6 20 I6 20 M10 25 V9 169 R16

14 J14 81 J18 159 R11 189 O13 118 I9 107 J23 141 Y11 32 I12

57 H14

63 F22 57 J14 0

25 T16 37 Q12 0

H13

0

H13

35°30´N 15°45´W

59 F14 Madeira, Rio var. Río Madera. j Bolivia/Brazil see also Madera, Río Madeira, Rio see Madera, Río 101 J25 Mädelegabel l Austria/ Germany 47°18´N 10°19´E 15 X6 Madeleine j Québec, SE Canada 15 X5 Madeleine, Cap de la headland Québec, SE Canada 49°13´N 65°20´W

13 Q13 Madeleine, Îles de la Eng. Magdalen Islands. island group Québec, E Canada 29 U10 Madelia Minnesota, N USA 35 P3 30 K3 137 O15 145 V12

40 H5 35 Q10 56 L13

106 D6

Volcano River

44°03´N 94°26´W Madeline California, W USA 41°02´N 120°28´W Madeline Island island Apostle Islands, Wisconsin, N USA Maden Elazığ, SE Turkey 38°24´N 39°42´E Madeniyet Vostochnyy Kazakhstan, E Kazakhstan 47°51´N 78°37´E Madeniyet see Madaniyat Madera Chihuahua, N Mexico 29°10´N 108°10´W Madera California, W USA 36°57´N 120°02´W Madera, Río Port. Rio Madeira. j Bolivia/Brazil see also Madeira, Rio Madera, Río see Madeira, Rio Madesimo Lombardia, N Italy 46°20´N 09°26´E

Lake Reservoir

H15

41 Q9

41 U17 37 R2 105 N8 29 V14 105 N7 105 N10 104 L7 104 K10 34 L3 42 J8 104 K10 181 N12 155 H22 169 S16 169 S16

12°52´N 44°55´E Madīnat ath Thawrah var. Ath Thawrah. Ar Raqqah, N Syria 35°36´N 39°00´E Madingley Rise undersea feature W Indian Ocean Madingo-Kayes Kouilou, S Congo 04°27´S 11°43´E Madingou Bouenza, S Congo 04°10´S 13°33´E Madioen see Madiun Madison Florida, SE USA 30°27´N 83°24´W Madison Georgia, SE USA 33°37´N 83°28´W Madison Indiana, N USA 38°44´N 85°22´W Madison Kansas, C USA 45´01´N 96´11´W Madison Maine, NE USA 44°48´N 69°52´W Madison Minnesota, N USA 45°00´N 96°12´W Madison Mississippi, S USA 32°27´N 90°07´W Madison Nebraska, C USA 41°49´N 97°27´W Madison South Dakota, N USA 44°00´N 97°06´W Madison Virginia, NE USA 38°23´N 78°16´W Madison West Virginia, NE USA 38°03´N 81°50´W Madison state capital Wisconsin, N USA 43°04´N 89°22´W Madison Heights Virginia, NE USA 37°25´N 79°07´W Madisonville Kentucky, S USA 37°20´N 87°30´W Madisonville Tennessee, S USA 35°31´N 84°21´W Madisonville Texas, SW USA 30°58´N 95°56´W Madisonville see Taiohae Madiun prev. Madioen. Jawa, C Indonesia 07°37´S 111°33´E Madjene see Majene Madoc Ontario, SE Canada 44°31´N 77°27´W Madoera see Madura, Pulau Mado Gashi Garissa, E Kenya 0°40´N 39°09´E Madoi var. Huanghe; prev. Huangheyan. Qinghai, C China 34°53´N 98°07´E Madolenihmw Pohnpei, E Micronesia Madona Ger. Modohn. E Latvia 56°51´N 26°10´E Madonie m Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea Madrakah, Ra’s headland E Oman 18°56´N 57°54´E Madras Oregon, NW USA 44°39´N 121°08´W Madras see Chennai Madras see Tamil Nādu Madre de Dios off. Departamento de Madre de Dios. r department E Peru Madre de Dios, Departamento de see Madre de Dios Madre de Dios, Isla island S Chile Madre de Dios, Río j Bolivia/Peru Madre del Sur, Sierra m S Mexico Madre, Laguna lagoon NE Mexico Madre, Laguna lagoon Texas, SW USA Madre Mount l New Mexico, SW USA 34°18´N 107°54´W Madre Occidental, Sierra var. Western Sierra Madre. m C Mexico Madre Oriental, Sierra var. Eastern Sierra Madre. m C Mexico Madre, Sierra var. Sierra de Soconusco. m Guatemala/ Mexico Madre, Sierra m Colorado/ Wyoming, C USA Madrid a (Spain) Madrid, C Spain 40°25´N 03°43´W Madrid Iowa, C USA 41°52´N 93°49´W Madrid r autonomous community C Spain Madridejos CastillaLa Mancha, C Spain 39°29´N 03°32´W Madrigal de las Altas Torres Castilla y León, N Spain 41°05´N 05°00´W Madrigalejo Extremadura, W Spain 39°08´N 05°36´W Mad River j California, W USA Madriz r department NW Nicaragua Madroñera Extremadura, W Spain 39°25´N 05°46´W Madura Western Australia 31°52´S 127°01´E Madura see Madurai Madurai prev. Madura, Mathurai. Tamil Nādu, S India 09°55´N 78°07´E Madura, Pulau prev. Madoera. island C Indonesia Madura, Selat strait C Indonesia

Madzhalis – Malko sharkovo, Yazovir 127 Q17 Madzhalis Respublika Dagestan, SW Russian Federation 42°12´N 47°46´E 114 K12 Madzharovo Haskovo, S Bulgaria 41°36´N 25°52´E 83 M14 Madzimoyo Eastern, E Zambia 13°42´S 32°34´E 165 O12 Maebashi var. Maebasi, Mayebashi. Gunma, Honshū, S Japan 36°24´N 139°02´E Maebasi see Maebashi 167 O6 Mae Chan Chiang Rai, NW Thailand 20°13´N 99°52´E 167 N7 Mae Hong Son var. Maehongson, Muai To. Mae Hong Son, NW Thailand

167 Q7 167 O10 167 P7 37 O3 167 N9 44 H8 167 O7 167 O7 172 I4 187 R13 171 S11 83 I23 99 J21 183 P12 81 K23 81 J23 83 I21 60 J12 104 F10 143 Q17

123 T10 123 T9 108 G11 63 G23

14 I10 54 F6 191 Y13 77 V12 186 F10 171 O2 27 T11 76 I15 123 Q13 62 O12 57 M15 40 F4 37 Q13 54 F5 40 E9

63 G19 40 D8 47 P6 40 F4

147 N14

100 L13 22 L6 169 Q16 192 K7 63 H24 106 D7 92 K7 164 C17 108 G11 108 G10

19°16´N 97°56´E Maehongson see Mae Hong Son Mae Nam Khong see Mekong Mae Nam Nan j NW Thailand Mae Nam Tha Chin j W Thailand Mae Nam Yom j W Thailand Maeser Utah, W USA 40°28´N 109°35´W Maeseyck see Maaseik Mae Sot var. Ban Mae Sot. Tak, W Thailand 16°44´N 98°32´E Maestra, Sierra m E Cuba Maestricht see Maastricht Mae Suai var. Ban Mae Suai. Chiang Rai, NW Thailand 19°43´N 99°30´E Mae Tho, Doi l NW Thailand 18°56´N 99°20´E Maevatanana Mahajanga, C Madagascar 16°57´S 46°50´E Maéwo prev. Aurora. island C Vanuatu Mafa Pulau Halmahera, E Indonesia 0°01´N 127°50´E Mafeteng W Lesotho 29°48´S 27°15´E Maffe Namur, SE Belgium 50°21´N 05°19´E Maffra Victoria, SE Australia 37°59´S 147°03´E Mafia island E Tanzania Mafia Channel sea waterway E Tanzania Mafikeng off. Mahikeng. North-West, N South Africa 25°53´S 25°39´E Mafra Santa Catarina, S Brazil 26°08´S 49°47´W Mafra Lisboa, C Portugal 38°57´N 09°19´W Mafraq Abū aby, C United Arab Emirates 24°21´N 54°33´E Mafraq/Muḩāfaat al Mafraq see Al Mafraq Magadan Magadanskaya Oblast’, E Russian Federation 59°38´N 150°50´E Magadanskaya Oblast’ r province E Russian Federation Magadino Ticino, S Switzerland 46°09´N 08°50´E Magallanes var. Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena. r region S Chile Magallanes see Punta Arenas Magallanes, Estrecho de see Magellan, Strait of Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena, Región de see Magallanes Maganasipi, Lac c Québec, SE Canada Magangué Bolívar, N Colombia 09°14´N 74°46´W Magareva var. Mangareva. island Îles Tuamotu, SE French Polynesia Magaria Zinder, S Niger 13°00´N 08°55´E Magarida Central, SW Papua New Guinea 10°10´S 149°21´E Magat j Luzon, N Philippines Magazine Mountain l Arkansas, C USA 35°10´N 93°38´W Magburaka C Sierra Leone 08°44´N 11°57´W Magdagachi Amurskaya Oblast’, SE Russian Federation 53°25´N 125°41´E Magdalena Buenos Aires, E Argentina 35°05´S 57°30´W Magdalena El Beni, N Bolivia 13°22´S 64°07´W Magdalena Sonora, NW Mexico 30°38´N 110°59´W Magdalena New Mexico, SW USA 34°07´N 107°14´W Magdalena off. Departamento del Magdalena. r province N Colombia Magdalena, Bahía bay W Mexico Magdalena, Departamento del see Magdalena Magdalena, Isla island Archipiélago de los Chonos, S Chile Magdalena, Isla island NW Mexico Magdalena, Río j C Colombia Magdalena, Río j NW Mexico Magdalen Islands see Madeleine, Îles de la Magdanly Rus. Govurdak; prev. gowurdak, Guardak. Lebap Welaýaty, E Turkmenistan 37°50´N 66°06´E Magdeburg Sachsen-Anhalt, C Germany 52°08´N 11°39´E Magee Mississippi, S USA 31°52´N 89°43´W Magelang Jawa, C Indonesia 07°28´S 110°11´E Magellan Rise undersea feature C Pacific Ocean Magellan, Strait of Sp. Estrecho de Magallanes. strait Argentina/Chile Magenta Lombardia, NW Italy 45°28´N 08°52´E Magerøy see Magerøya Magerøya var. Magerøy, Lapp. Máhkarávju. island N Norway Mage-shima island Nanseishotō, SW Japan Maggia Ticino, S Switzerland 46°15´N 08°42´E Maggia j SW Switzerland Maggiore, Lago see Maggiore, Lake

Maggiore, Lake It. Lago Maggiore. c Italy/Switzerland 44 I12 Maggotty W Jamaica 106 C6

18°09´N 77°46´W

76 I10 Maghama Gorgol, S Mauritania 15°31´N 12°50´W 97 F14 Maghera Ir. Machaire Rátha. C Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 54°51´N 06°40´W 97 F15 Magherafelt Ir. Machaire Fíolta. C Northern Ireland, United Kingdom 54°45´N 06°36´W

188 H6 Magicienne Bay bay Saipan, S Northern Mariana Islands 105 O13 Magina l S Spain 37°43´N 03°24´W

81 H24 Magingo Ruvuma, S Tanzania 09°57´S 35°23´E 112 H11 Maglaj r  Federacija Bosne I Hercegovine, N Bosnia and Herzegovina 107 Q19 Maglie Puglia, SE Italy 114 K10 36 L2 14 G12 27 T14 22 K7 25 V10

95 J15 187 Y14 83 L15 15 Q13 83 J15 41 Q12 14 B7 11 Q17 105 R10 76 I9

146 D12

83 L20 77 Y12 189 O14 166 L6 166 L6

142 J4

172 H5 155 D14

40°07´N 18°18´E Maglizh var. Mŭglizh. Stara Zagora, C Bulgaria 42°36´N 25°32´E Magna Utah, W USA 40°42´N 112°06´W Magnesia see Manisa Magnetawan j Ontario, S Canada Magnolia Arkansas, C USA 33°17´N 93°16´W Magnolia Mississippi, S USA 31°08´N 90°27´W Magnolia Texas, SW USA 30°12´N 95°46´W Magnolia State see Mississippi Magnor Hedmark, S Norway 59°57´N 12°14´E Mago prev. Mango. island Lau Group, E Fiji Màgoé Tete, NW Mozambique 15°50´S 31°42´E Magog Québec, SE Canada 45°16´N 72°09´W Magoye Southern, S Zambia 16°00´S 27°34´E Magozal Veracruz-Llave, C Mexico 21°33´N 97°57´W Magpie j Ontario, S Canada Magrath Alberta, SW Canada 49°27´N 112°52´W Magre j Valenciana, E Spain Magṭa‘ Laḥjar var. Magta Lahjar, Magta’ Lahjar, Magtá Lahjar. Brakna, SW Mauritania 17°27´N 13°07´W Magtymguly prev. Garrygala, Rus. KaraKala. Balkan Welaýaty, W Turkmenistan 38°27´N 56°15´E Magude Maputo, S Mozambique 25°02´S 32°40´E Magumeri Borno, NE Nigeria 12°07´N 12°48´E Magur Islands island group Caroline Islands, C Micronesia Magway var. Magwe. Magway, W Myanmar (Burma) 20°08´N 94°55´E Magway var. Magwe. r region C Myanmar (Burma) Magwe see Magway Magyar-Becse see Bečej Magyarkanizsa see Kanjiža Magyarország see Hungary Magyarzsombor see Zimbor Mahābād var. Mehabad; prev. Sāūjbulāgh. Āarbāyjān-e Gharbī, NW Iran 36°44´N 45°44´E Mahabo Toliara, W Madagascar 20°22´S 44°39´E Maha Chai see Samut Sakhon Mahād Mahārāshtra, W India 18°04´N 73°21´E

81 N17 Mahadday Weyne Shabeellaha Dhexe, C Somalia 02°55´N 45°30´E

79 Q17 Mahagi Orientale, NE Dem. Rep. Congo 02°16´N 30°59´E Mahāil see Muhāyil 172 I4 Mahajamba seasonal river NW Madagascar 152 G10 Mahājan Rājasthān, NW India 28°47´N 73°50´E 172 I3 Mahajanga var. Majunga. Mahajanga, NW Madagascar 172 I3 172 I3 169 U10 83 I19

171 O13

143 S11 154 N12 172 J5 153 P13 154 G13 172 I4

15°40´S 46°20´E Mahajanga r province W Madagascar Mahajanga k Mahajanga, NW Madagascar 15°40´S 46°20´E Mahakam, Sungai var. Koetai, Kutai. j Borneo, C Indonesia Mahalapye var. Mahalatswe. Central, SE Botswana 23°02´S 26°53´E Mahalatswe see Mahalapye Mahalla el Kubra see El Maḥalla el Kubra Mahalona Sulawesi, C Indonesia 02°37´S 121°26´E Mahameru see Semeru, Gunung Māhān Kermān, E Iran 30°00´N 57°00´E Mahanādi j E India Mahanoro Toamasina, E Madagascar 19°53´S 48°48´E Mahārājganj Bihār, N India 26°07´N 84°31´E Mahārāshtra r state W India Mahavavy seasonal river N Madagascar

155 K24 Mahaweli Ganga j C Sri Lanka Mahbés see El Mahbas 155 J15 Mahbūbābād Telangana, E India 17°35´N 80°00´E 155 H16 Mahbūbnagar Telangana, C India 16°46´N 78°01´E 140 M8 Mahd adh Dhahab Al Madīnah, W Saudi Arabia

20°24´S 57°42´E

152 I11 Mahendragarh prev. Mohendergarh. Haryāna, N India 28°17´N 76°14´E 152 L10 Mahendranagar Far Western, W Nepal 28°58´N 80°13´E

81 I23 Mahenge Morogoro, SE Tanzania 08°41´S 36°41´E 185 F22 Maheno Otago, South Island, New Zealand 45°10´S 170°51´E 154 D9 Mahesāna Gujarāt, W India 23°37´N 72°28´E

154 F11 Maheshwar Madhya Pradesh, C India 22°11´N 75°40´E

153 V17 Maheskhali Island var. Maiskhal Island. island SE Bangladesh 151 F14 Mahi j N India 184 Q10 Mahia Peninsula peninsula North Island, New Zealand Mahikeng see Mafikeng 119 O16 Mahilyow Rus. Mogilëv. Mahilyowskaya Voblasts’, E Belarus 53°55´N 30°23´E 119 M16 Mahilyowskaya Voblasts’ Rus. Mogilëvskaya Oblast’. r province E Belarus 191 P7 Mahina Tahiti, W French Polynesia 17°29´S 149°27´W 185 E23 Mahinerangi, Lake c South Island, New Zealand Máhkarávju see Magerøya 83 L22 Mahlabatini KwaZulu/Natal, E South Africa 28°15´S 31°28´E 166 L5 Mahlaing Mandalay, C Myanmar (Burma) 109

149

29 152

21°03´N 95°44´E X8 Mahldorf Steiermark, SE Austria 46°54´N 15°55´E Mahmūd-e ‘Erāqī see Maḩmūd-e Rāqī R4 Maḩmūd-e Rāqī var. Mahmūd-e ‘Erāqī. Kāpīsā, NE Afghanistan 35°01´N 69°20´E Mahmudiya see Al Maḩmūdīyah S5 Mahnomen Minnesota, N USA 47°19´N 95°58´W K14 Mahoba Uttar Pradesh, N India 25°18´N 79°53´E Mahón see Maó

18 D14 Mahoning Creek Lake d Pennsylvania, NE USA 105 Q10 Mahora Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 39°13´N 01°44´W Mähren see Moravia Mährisch-Budwitz see Moravské Budějovice Mährisch-Kromau see Moravský Krumlov Mährisch-Neustadt see Uničov Mährisch-Schönberg see Šumperk Mährisch-Trübau see Moravská Třebová Mährisch-Weisskirchen see Hranice Māh-Shahr see Bandar-e Māhshahr 79 N19 Mahulu Maniema, E Dem. Rep. Congo 01°04´S 27°10´E 154 C12 Mahuva Gujarāt, W India 114 N11 105 T6 191 O2 191 S11 54 H4

103 U8 149 Q5

97 N22 11 S15 97 P22 77 Y13 108 I8 116 J12

21°06´N 71°46´E Mahya Dağı l NW Turkey 41°47´N 27°34´E Maials var. Mayals. Cataluña, NE Spain 41°22´N 00°30´E Maiana prev. Hall Island. atoll Tungaru, W Kiribati Maiao var. Tapuaemanu, Tubuai-Manu. island Îles du Vent, W French Polynesia Maicao La Guajira, N Colombia 11°23´N 72°16´W Mai Ceu/Mai Chio see Maych’ew Maîche Doubs, E France 47°15´N 06°43´E Maīdān Shahr var. Maydān Shahr; prev. Meydān Shahr. Wardak, E Afghanistan 34°27´N 68°48´E Maidenhead S England, United Kingdom 51°32´N 00°44´W Maidstone Saskatchewan, S Canada 53°06´N 109°21´W Maidstone SE England, United Kingdom 51°17´N 00°31´E Maiduguri Borno, NE Nigeria 11°51´N 13°10´E Maienfeld Sankt Gallen, NE Switzerland 47°01´N 09°30´E Măieruş Hung. Szászmagyarós. Brașov, C Romania 45°55´N 25°30´E Maigh Chromtha see Macroom Maigh Eo see Mayo

55 N9 Maigualida, Sierra m S Venezuela 154 K9 Maihar Madhya Pradesh, C India 24°18´N 80°46´E 154 K11 Maikala Range m C India 67 T10 Maiko j W Dem. Rep. Congo Mailand see Milano 152 L11 Mailāni Uttar Pradesh, N India 28°17´N 80°20´E 149 U10 Māilsi Punjab, E Pakistan 147 R8

148 M3

171 V13 101 G18 115 F22 115 E20 101 L22

23°33´N 40°56´E 55 S9 Mahdia C Guyana 05°16´N 59°08´W 75 N6 Mahdia var. Al Mahdīyah, Mehdia. NE Tunisia 35°14´N 11°06´E 155 F20 Mahe Fr. Mahé; prev. Mayyali. Puducherry, SW India 11°41´N 75°31´E 172 I16 Mahé k Mahé, NE Seychelles 04°37´S 55°27´E 172 H16 Mahé island Inner Islands, NE Seychelles Mahé see Mahe

Country Country Capital

173 Y17 Mahebourg SE Mauritius

14 E12 79 I20 101 K20 19 R6

102 K6

29°46´N 72°15´E Maimak Talasskaya Oblast’, NW Kyrgyzstan 42°40´N 71°12´E Maimāna see Maīmanah Maīmanah var. Maimāna, Maymana; prev. Meymaneh. Fāryāb, NW Afghanistan 35°57´N 64°48´E Maimawa Papua Barat, E Indonesia 03°21´S 133°36´E Maimuna see Al Maymūnah Main j C Germany Maïna ancient monument Pelopónnisos, S Greece Maínalo m S Greece Mainburg Bayern, SE Germany 48°40´N 11°48´E Main Camp see Banana Main Channel lake channel Ontario, S Canada Mai-Ndombe, Lac prev. Lac Léopold II. c W Dem. Rep. Congo Main-Donau-Kanal canal SE Germany Maine off. State of Maine, also known as Lumber State, Pine Tree State. r state NE USA Maine cultural region NW France

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

Maine-et-Loire r department NW France 19 Q9 Maine, Gulf of gulf NE USA 77 X12 Maïné-Soroa Diffa, SE Niger 102 J7

13°14´N 12°00´E

167 N2 Maingkwan var. Mungkawn. Kachin State, N Myanmar (Burma) 26°20´N 96°37´E Main Island see Bermuda Mainistir Fhear Maí see Fermoy Mainistirna Búille see Boyle Mainistir na Corann see Midleton Mainistir na Féile see Abbeyfeale 96 J5 Mainland island N Scotland, United Kingdom 96 L2 Mainland island NE Scotland, United Kingdom 159 P16 Mainling var. Tungdor. Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 29°12´N 94°06´E

152 K12 Mainpuri Uttar Pradesh, N India 27°14´N 79°01´E 103 N5 Maintenon Eure-et-Loir, C France 48°35´N 01°34´E 172 H4 Maintirano Mahajanga, W Madagascar 18°01´S 44°03´E 93 M15 Mainua Kainuu, C Finland

64°05´N 27°28´E 101 G18 Mainz Fr. Mayence. Rheinland-Pfalz, SW Germany 50°00´N 08°16´E 76 I9 Maio var. Vila do Maio. Maio, S Cape Verde 15°07´N 23°12´W 76 E10 Maio var. Mayo. island Ilhas de Sotavento, SE Cape Verde 62 G12 Maipo, Río j C Chile

62 H12 Maipo, Volcán i W Argentina 34°09´S 69°51´W

61 E22 Maipú Buenos Aires, E Argentina 36°52´S 57°52´W

62 I11 Maipú Mendoza, E Argentina 62 H11 106 A9 108 I10 153 V12 44 K7 118 H13

167 N13

183 T8 182 I9 14 F15 195 R1

33°00´S 68°46´W Maipú Santiago, C Chile 33°30´S 70°52´W Maira j NW Italy Maira It. Mera. j Italy/ Switzerland Mairābari Assam, NE India 26°28´N 92°22´E Maisí Guantánamo, E Cuba 20°13´N 74°08´W Maišiagala Vilnius, SE Lithuania 54°52´N 25°03´E Maiskhal Island see Maheskhali Island Mai Sombun Chumphon, SW Thailand 10°49´N 99°13´E Mai Son see Hat Lot Maisur see Karnātaka, India Maisur see Mysore, India Maitland New South Wales, SE Australia 32°33´S 151°33´E Maitland South Australia 34°21´S 137°42´E Maitland j Ontario, S Canada Maitri Indian research station Antarctica 70°03´S 08°59´E

159 N15 Maizhokunggar Xizang Zizhiqu, W China

113 F15 Makarska It. Macarsca. Split-Dalmacija, SE Croatia 43°18´N 17°00´E

Makaru Shan see Makalu 125 O15 Makar’yev Kostromskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 57°52´N 43°46´E 82 L11 Makasa Northern, NE Zambia 09°42´S 31°54´E Makasar see Makassar Makasar, Selat see Makassar Straits 170 M14 Makassar var. Macassar, Makasar; prev. Ujungpandang. Sulawesi, C Indonesia 05°09´S 119°28´E 192 F7 Makassar Straits Ind. Makasar Selat. strait C Indonesia 144 G12 Makat Kaz. Maqat. Atyrau, SW Kazakhstan 47°40´N 53°28´E

191 T10 Makatea island Îles Tuamotu, C French Polynesia 139 U7 Makātū Diyālá, E Iraq 33°55´N 45°25´E

172 H6 Makay var. Massif du Makay. m SW Madagascar Makay, Massif du see Makay 114 J12 Makaza pass Bulgaria/Greece Makedonija see Macedonia, FYR 190 B16 Makefu W Niue 18°59´S 169°55´W

191 V10 Makemo atoll Îles Tuamotu, C French Polynesia 76 I15 Makeni C Sierra Leone

08°57´N 12°02´W Makenzen see Orlyak Makeyevka see Makiyivka 127 Q16 Makhachkala prev. Petrovsk-Port. Respublika Dagestan, SW Russian Federation 42°58´N 47°30´E Makhado see Louis Trichardt 144 F11 Makhambet Atyrau, W Kazakhstan 47°35´N 51°35´E Makharadze see Ozurgeti

139 W13 Makhfar al Buşayyah Al Muthanná, S Iraq 138 I11 139 R4 141 R13 171 V13 185 G21 191 O2 81 I20 145 Q8

187 N10 117 X8

29°50´N 91°40´E

43 O10 Maíz, Islas del var. Corn Islands. island group SE Nicaragua 164 J12 Maizuru Kyōto, Honshū, SW Japan 35°30´N 135°20´E 54 F6 Majagual Sucre, N Colombia

140 L10 140 M10

08°36´N 74°39´W

41 Z13 Majahual Quintana Roo, E Mexico 18°43´N 87°43´W Mājeej see Mejit Island 171 N13 Majene prev. Madjene. Sulawesi, C Indonesia 03°33´S 118°59´E

43 V15 Majé, Serranía de m E Panama 112 I11 Majevica m NE Bosnia and Herzegovina 81 H15 Majī Southern Nationalities, S Ethiopia 06°11´N 35°32´E 141 X7 Majīs NW Oman 105 X9

189 Y3 189 Y2 189 X2 76 H11 79 F20 38 D9 38 B8

38 D9 83 H18 158 K17 81 G23 145 X12 42 M8 190 B16 185 C24 117 O4 185 D20 123 T13

197 R9 192 I5

24°25´N 56°34´E Majorca see Mallorca Major, Puig l Mallorca, Spain, W Mediterranean Sea 39°50´N 2°50´E Mājro see Majuro Atoll Majunga see Mahajanga Majuro k Majuro Atoll, SE Marshall Islands 07°05´N 171°08´E Majuro Atoll var. Mājro. atoll Ratak Chain, SE Marshall Islands Majuro Lagoon lagoon Majuro Atoll, SE Marshall Islands Maka C Senegal 13°40´N 14°12´W Makabana Niari, SW Congo 03°28´S 12°36´E Mākaha var. Makaha. O‘ahu, Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 21°28´N 158°13´W Makahū‘ena Point var. Makahuena Point. headland Kaua‘i, Hawai‘i, USA 21°52´N 159°28´W Makakilo City O‘ahu, Hawaii, USA, C Pacific Ocean 21°21´N 158°05´W Makalamabedi Central, C Botswana 20°19´S 23°51´E Makale see Mek’elē Makalu Chin. Makaru Shan. l China/Nepal 27°53´N 87°09´E Makampi Mbeya, S Tanzania 08°00´S 33°17´E Makanchi see Makanshy Makanshy prev. Makanchi. Vostochnyy Kazakhstan, E Kazakhstan 46°47´N 82°00´E Makantaka Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte, NE Nicaragua 13°13´N 84°04´W Makapu Point headland W Niue 18°59´S 169°56´E Makarewa Southland, South Island, New Zealand 46°17´S 168°16´E Makariv Kyyivs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 50°28´N 29°49´E Makarora j South Island, New Zealand Makarov Ostrov Sakhalin, Sakhalinskaya Oblast’, SE Russian Federation 48°24´N 142°37´E Makarov Basin undersea feature Arctic Ocean

Makarov Seamount undersea feature W Pacific Ocean 29°30´N 153°30´E

Administrative Regions International Airport

13 R7 98 K6 111 M25

14 G9 79 F18 81 G23 81 E19 79 G18

30°09´N 46°09´E Makhmūr see Mexmûr Makhrūq, Wadi al dry watercourse E Jordan Makḩūl, Jabal m C Iraq Makhyah, Wādī dry watercourse N Yemen Maki Papua Barat, E Indonesia 03°00´S 134°10´E Makikihi Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand 44°36´S 171°09´E Makin prev. Pitt Island. atoll Tungaru, W Kiribati Makindu Makueni, S Kenya 02°15´S 37°49´E Makinsk Akmola, N Kazakhstan 52°40´N 70°28´E Makira see Makira-Ulawa Makira see San Cristobal Makira-Ulawa prev. Makira. r province SE Solomon Islands Makiyivka Rus. Makeyevka; prev. Dmitriyevsk. Donets’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 47°57´N 37°47´E Makkah Eng. Mecca. Makkah, W Saudi Arabia 21°28´N 39°50´E Makkah var. Minţaqat Makkah. r province W Saudi Arabia Makkah, Minţaqat see Makkah Makkovik Newfoundland and Labrador, NE Canada 55°06´N 59°07´W Makkum Fryslân, N Netherlands 53°03´N 05°25´E Makó Rom. Macău. Csongrád, SE Hungary 46°14´N 20°28´E Mako see Makung Makobe Lake c Ontario, S Canada Makokou Ogooué-Ivindo, NE Gabon 0°38´N 12°47´E Makongolosi Mbeya, S Tanzania 08°24´S 33°09´E Makota SW Uganda 0°37´S 30°12´E Makoua Cuvette, C Congo 0°01´S 15°40´E

110 M10 Maków Mazowiecki Mazowieckie, C Poland 111 K17 Maków Podhalański Małopolskie, S Poland

27°02´N 74°44´E

143 U15 Makran Coast coastal region SE Iran 119 F20 Makrany Rus. Mokrany. Brestskaya Voblasts’, SW Belarus 51°50´N 24°15´E Makrinoros see Makrynóros 115 H20 Makrónisosi island Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea 115 D17 Makrynóros var. Makrinoros. m C Greece 115 G19 Makryplági l C Greece

142 I1 81 I20 153 Y11 161 R14 164 B16 77 V15

38°00´N 23°06´E Maksamaa see Maxmo Maksatha see Maksatikha Maksaticha see Maksatikha Maksatikha var. Maksatha, Maksaticha. Tverskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 57°49´N 35°46´E Maksi Madhya Pradesh, C India 23°20´N 76°36´E Mākū Āarbāyjān-e Gharbī, NW Iran 39°20´N 44°50´E Makueni r county S Kenya Mākum Assam, NE India 27°28´N 95°28´E Makun see Makung Makung prev. Mako, Makun. W Taiwan 23°35´N 119°35´E Makurazaki Kagoshima, Kyūshū, SW Japan 31°16´N 130°18´E Makurdi Benue, C Nigeria 07°42´N 08°36´E

38 L17 Makushin Volcano l Unalaska Island, Alaska, USA 53°53´N 166°55´W 83 K16 Makwiro Mashonaland West, N Zimbabwe 17°58´S 30°25´E 57 D15 Mala Lima, W Peru 12°40´S 76°36´W

93 I14 Malå Västerbotten, N Sweden 65°12´N 18°45´E Mala see Mallow, Ireland

Mountain Mountain Range

168 I7

111 G20 33 R16 117 Q4 119 J15

190 D12 190 G12 54 G8 104 M15 37 V15 104 L15 104 M15

105 N10 97 G18 187 N9 187 N8 80 F13 112 C10 25 V7 149 V7 186 E7 171 O13 169 S17 83 O14 92 I9 82 C11 82 C11 148 M16 77 S13 155 F21 43 T17 148 L15 95 N16 62 H13 14 J8 119 F20

10 G8

49°43´N 19°40´E

143 V14 Makran cultural region Iran/ Pakistan 152 G12 Makrāna Rājasthān, N India

154 G10

03°43´N 08°52´E

79 C16 Malabo k Isla de Bioco, N Equatorial Guinea

63 J19

52°51´N 21°06´E

124 J15

Mala see Malaita, Solomon Islands Malabang Mindanao, S Philippines 155 E21 Malabār Coast coast SW India 79 C16 Malabo prev. Santa Isabel. a (Equatorial Guinea) Isla de Bioco, NW Equatorial Guinea

Volcano River

110 J7

171 P8

39 U12 137 N15 136 M14 117 Q7

83 M14

93 J17

03°44´N 08°51´E Malaca see Málaga Malacca see Melaka Malacca, Strait of Ind. Selat Malaka. strait Indonesia/ Malaysia Malacka see Malacky Malacky Hung. Malacka. Bratislavský Kraj, W Slovakia 48°26´N 17°01´E Malad City Idaho, NW USA 42°10´N 112°16´W Mala Divytsya Chernihivs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 50°40´N 32°13´E Maladzyechna Pol. Molodeczno, Rus. Molodechno. Minskaya Voblasts’, C Belarus 54°19´N 26°51´E Malaee Île Futuna, N Wallis and Futuna Mala‘etoli Île Uvea, E Wallis and Futuna Málaga Santander, C Colombia 06°44´N 72°45´W Málaga anc. Malaca. Andalucía, S Spain 36°43´N 04°25´W Malaga New Mexico, SW USA 32°10´N 104°04´W Málaga r province Andalucía, S Spain Málaga k Andalucía, S Spain 36°38´N 04°36´W Malagasy Republic see Madagascar Malagón CastillaLa Mancha, C Spain 39°10´N 03°51´W Malahide Ir. Mullach Íde. Dublin, E Ireland 53°27´N 06°09´W Malaita off. Malaita Province. r province N Solomon Islands Malaita var. Mala. island N Solomon Islands Malaita Province see Malaita Malakal Upper Nile, NE South Sudan 09°31´N 31°40´E Mala Kapela m NW Croatia Malakoff Texas, SW USA 32°10´N 96°00´W Malakula see Malekula Malakwāl var. Mālikwāla. Punjab, E Pakistan 32°32´N 73°18´E Malalamai Madang, W Papua New Guinea 05°49´S 146°44´E Malamala Sulawesi, C Indonesia 03°21´S 120°58´E Malang Jawa, C Indonesia 07°59´S 112°45´E Malanga Niassa, N Mozambique 13°27´S 36°05´E Malange see Malanje Malangen sound N Norway Malanje var. Malange. Malanje, NW Angola 09°34´S 16°25´E Malanje var. Malange. r province N Angola Malān, Rās cape SW Pakistan Malanville NE Benin 11°50´N 03°23´E Malapane see Ozimek Malappuram Kerala, SW India 11°00´N 76°02´E Mala, Punta headland S Panama 07°28´N 79°58´W Malar Baluchistān, SW Pakistan 26°19´N 64°55´E Mälaren c C Sweden Malargüe Mendoza, W Argentina 35°32´S 69°35´W Malartic Québec, SE Canada 48°09´N 78°09´W Malaryta Pol. Maloryta, Rus. Malorita. Brestskaya Voblasts’, SW Belarus 51°47´N 24°05´E Malaspina Chubut, SE Argentina 44°56´S 66°52´W Malaspina Glacier glacier Yukon, W Canada Malaspina Glacier glacier Alaska, USA Malatya anc. Melitene. Malatya, SE Turkey 38°22´N 38°18´E Malatya r province C Turkey Malavate see Pédima Mala Vyska Rus. Malaya Viska. Kirovohrads’ka Oblast’, S Ukraine 48°37´N 31°36´E Malawi off. Republic of Malaŵi; prev. Nyasaland, Nyasaland Protectorate. b republic S Africa Malawi, Lake see Nyasa, Lake Malaŵi, Republic of see Malawi Malax Fin. Maalahti. Österbotten, W Finland 62°55´N 21°30´E

124 H14 Malaya Vishera Novgorodskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation

58°52´N 32°12´E Malaya Viska see Mala Vyska 171 Q7 Malaybalay Mindanao, S Philippines 08°10´N 125°08´E 142 L6 Malāyer prev. Daulatabad. Hamadān, W Iran 34°20´N 48°47´E 168 J7 Malay Peninsula peninsula Malaysia/Thailand 168 L7 Malaysia off. Malaysia, var. Federation of Malaysia; prev. the separate territories of Federation of Malaya, Sarawak and Sabah (North Borneo) and Singapore. b monarchy SE Asia Malaysia, Federation of see Malaysia 137 R14 Malazgirt Muş, E Turkey 39°09´N 42°30´E 15 R8 Malbaie j Québec, SE Canada 77 T12 Malbaza Tahoua, S Niger 13°57´N 05°32´E

Lake Reservoir

Malbork Ger. Marienburg, Marienburg in Westpreussen. Pomorskie, N Poland 54°01´N 19°03´E

100 N9 Malchin MecklenburgVorpommern, N Germany 53°43´N 12°46´E

100 M9 Malchiner See c NE Germany 99 D16 Maldegem Oost-Vlaanderen, NW Belgium 51°12´N 03°27´E 98 L13 Malden Gelderland, SE Netherlands 51°47´N 05°51´E

19 O11 Malden Massachusetts, NE USA 42°25´N 71°04´W 27 Y8 Malden Missouri, C USA 191 X4 173 Q6

97 P21 61 G20 61 G20 41 P17 106 G6 151 K19 76 K13

115 G22 151 K19

154 E12 81 F15 187 Q13 189 Y15 83 O15 79 N23 139 T1 124 K9 95 M20 103 O6 115 G18 127 O15 105 X5 80 C9 139 Q5 32 K14 32 L14 76 I13 77 O9

171 Q16 167 O2 112 K8

113 M18

112 K9 171 P12

167 N11 95 M19 112 B11

171 P7 81 K20 96 E13 171 O11 113 M21

171 Q8 154 G12 136 B10 119 J19

114 L11

36°33´N 89°58´W

Malden Island prev. Independence Island. atoll E Kiribati Maldives off. Maldivian Divehi, Republic of Maldives. b republic N Indian Ocean Maldives, Republic of see Maldives Maldivian Divehi see Maldives Maldon E England, United Kingdom 51°44´N 00°40´E Maldonado Maldonado, S Uruguay 34°57´S 54°59´W Maldonado r department S Uruguay Maldonado, Punta headland S Mexico 16°18´N 98°31´W Malè Trentino-Alto Adige, N Italy 46°21´N 10°51´E Male’ Div. Maale. a (Maldives) Male’ Atoll, C Maldives 04°10´N 73°29´E Maléa var. Maléya. NE Guinea 11°46´N 09°43´W Maléas, Ákra see Agriliá, Akrotírio Maléas, Akrotírio headland S Greece 36°25´N 23°11´E Male’ Atoll var. Kaafu Atoll. atoll C Maldives Malebo, Pool see Stanley Pool Mālegaon Mahārāshtra, W India 20°33´N 74°32´E Malek Jonglei, E South Sudan 06°04´N 31°36´E Malekula var. Malakula; prev. Mallicolo. island W Vanuatu Malem Kosrae, E Micronesia 05°16´N 163°01´E Malema Nampula, N Mozambique 14°57´S 37°28´E Malemba-Nkulu Katanga, SE Dem. Rep. Congo 08°01´S 26°48´E Małe Mela Ar. Marī Mīlā, var. Mārī Mīlah. Arbīl, E Iraq 36°58´N 44°42´E Malen’ga Respublika Kareliya, NW Russian Federation 63°50´N 36°21´E Målerås Kalmar, S Sweden 56°55´N 15°34´E Malesherbes Loiret, C France 48°18´N 02°25´E Malesína Stereá Elláda, E Greece 38°37´N 23°15´E Maléya see Maléa Malgobek Respublika Ingushetiya, SW Russian Federation 43°34´N 44°34´E Malgrat de Mar Cataluña, NE Spain 41°39´N 02°45´E Malha Northern Darfur, W Sudan 15°07´N 26°00´E Malḩah var. Malḩāt. Şalāḩ ad Dīn, C Iraq 34°44´N 42°41´E Malḩāt see Malḩah Malheur Lake c Oregon, NW USA Malheur River j Oregon, NW USA Mali NW Guinea 12°08´N 12°29´W Mali off. Republic of Mali, Fr. République du Mali; prev. French Sudan, Sudanese Republic. b republic W Africa Maliana W East Timor 08°57´S 125°25´E Mali Hka j N Myanmar (Burma) Mali Idjoš see Mali Iđoš Mali Iđoš var. Mali Idjoš, Hung. Kishegyes; prev. Krivaja. Vojvodina, N Serbia 45°43´N 19°40´E Mali i Sharrit Serb. Šar Planina. m FYR Macedonia/ Serbia Mali i Zi see Crna Gora Mali Kanal canal N Serbia Maliku Sulawesi, N Indonesia 0°36´S 123°13´E Malik, Wadi al see Milk, Wadi el Mālikwāla see Malakwāl Mali Kyun var. Tavoy Island. island Mergui Archipelago, S Myanmar (Burma) Målilla Kalmar, S Sweden 57°24´N 15°49´E Mali Lošinj It. Lussinpiccolo. PrimorjeGorski Kotar, W Croatia 44°31´N 14°28´E Malin see Malyn Malindang, Mount l Mindanao, S Philippines 08°12´N 123°37´E Malindi Kilifi, SE Kenya 03°14´S 40°05´E Malines see Mechelen Malin Head Ir. Cionn Mhálanna. headland NW Ireland 55°37´N 07°37´W Malino, Gunung l Sulawesi, N Indonesia 0°44´N 120°45´E Maliq var. Maliqi. Korçë, SE Albania 40°45´N 20°45´E Maliqi see Maliq Mali, Republic of see Mali Mali, République du see Mali Malita Mindanao, S Philippines 06°13´N 125°39´E Maljovica see Malyovitsa Malkāpur Mahārāshtra, C India 20°52´N 76°18´E Malkara Tekirdağ, NW Turkey 40°54´N 26°54´E Mal’kavichy Rus. Mal’kovichi. Brestskaya Voblasts’, SW Belarus 52°31´N 26°36´E Malkiye see Al Mālikīyah Malko Sharkovo, Yazovir d SE Bulgaria

283

Malko Tarnovo – MapleTon 114 N11 Malko Tarnovo var. Malko Tŭrnovo. Burgas, E Bulgaria 42°00´N 27°33´E

183 R12 96 G10 182 I9 75 W9 105 R5 106 F5

109 Q8 105 W9

97 C20 93 E15 95 L19 92 J12 99 M20 83 E25

95 N16 95 K23 95 K23 45 Q16 95 M18 125 R16 187 Q13 126 J7

189 V6

108 I10 82 L12 171 O3 18 K6 79 K25 111 L17

124 K9

145 V15 94 C10 126 K4

122 G7 104 J10 104 K9 106 C7 76 J6 118 J10 33 V7 120 M11 109 R8 120 M11

120 M11 83 D20 97 N16 171 R13

171 R13

171 R11

77 V13 171 N13 94 K13 94 K13 186 M8

155 D16 27 U12

284

Malko Tŭrnovo see Malko Tarnovo Mal’kovichi see Mal’kavichy Mallacoota Victoria, SE Australia 37°34´S 149°45´E Mallaig N Scotland, United Kingdom 57°04´N 05°48´W Mallala South Australia 34°29´S 138°30´E Mallawī var. Mallawi. C Egypt 27°44´N 30°50´E Mallawi see Mallawī Mallén Aragón, NE Spain 41°53´N 01°25´W Malles Venosta Ger. Mals im Vinschgau. Trentino-Alto Adige, N Italy 46°40´N 10°37´E Mallicolo see Malekula Mallnitz Salzburg, S Austria 46°58´N 13°09´E Mallorca Eng. Majorca; anc. Baleares Major. island Islas Baleares, Spain, W Mediterranean Sea Mallow Ir. Mala. SW Ireland 52°08´N 08°39´W Malm Nord-Trøndelag, C Norway 64°04´N 11°12´E Malmbäck Jönköping, S Sweden 57°34´N 14°30´E Malmberget Lapp. Malmivaara. Norrbotten, N Sweden 67°09´N 20°39´E Malmédy Liège, E Belgium 50°26´N 06°02´E Malmesbury Western Cape, SW South Africa 33°28´S 18°43´E Malmivaara see Malmberget Malmköping Södermanland, C Sweden 59°08´N 16°49´E Malmö Skåne, S Sweden 55°36´N 13°E Malmo k Skåne, S Sweden 55°33´N 13°23´E Malmok headland N Bonaire 12°16´N 68°21´W Malmslätt Östergötland, S Sweden 58°25´N 15°30´E Malmyzh Kirovskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 56°30´N 50°37´E Malo island W Vanuatu Maloarkhangel’sk Orlovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 52°25´N 36°37´E Maļoeļap see Maloelap Atoll Maloelap Atoll var. Maļoeļap. atoll E Marshall Islands Maloenda see Malunda Maloja Graubünden, S Switzerland 46°25´N 09°42´E Malole Northern, NE Zambia 10°05´S 31°37´E Malolos Luzon, N Philippines 14°51´N 120°49´E Malone New York, NE USA 44°51´N 74°18´W Malonga Katanga, S Dem. Rep. Congo 10°26´S 23°10´E Małopolskie r province SE Poland Malorita/Maloryta see Malaryta Maloshuyka Arkhangel’skaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 63°43´N 37°20´E Mal’ovitsa see Malyovitsa Malovodnoye Almaty, SE Kazakhstan 43°31´N 77°42´E Måløy Sogn Og Fjordane, S Norway 61°57´N 05°06´E Maloyaroslavets Kaluzhskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 55°03´N 36°31´E Malozemel’skaya Tundra physical region NW Russian Federation Malpartida de Cáceres Extremadura, W Spain 39°26´N 06°30´W Malpartida de Plasencia Extremadura, W Spain 39°59´N 06°03´W Malpensa k (Milano) Lombardia, N Italy 45°41´N 08°40´E Malqṭeïr desert N Mauritania Mals im Vinschgau see Malles Venosta Malta SE Latvia 56°19´N 27°11´E Malta Montana, NW USA 48°21´N 107°52´W Malta off. Republic of Malta. b republic C Mediterranean Sea Malta var. Maltabach. j S Austria Malta island Malta, C Mediterranean Sea Maltabach see Malta Malta, Canale di see Malta Channel Malta Channel It. Canale di Malta. strait Italy/Malta Maltahöhe Hardap, SW Namibia 24°50´S 17°00´E Malta, Republic of see Malta Malton N England, United Kingdom 54°07´N 00°50´W Maluku off. Propinsi Maluku, Dut. Molukken, Eng. Moluccas. r province E Indonesia Maluku Dut. Molukken, Eng. Moluccas; prev. Spice Islands. island group E Indonesia Maluku, Laut see Molucca Sea Maluku, Propinsi see Maluku Maluku Utara off. Propinsi Maluku Utara. r province E Indonesia Maluku Utara, Propinsi see Maluku Utara Malumfashi Katsina, N Nigeria 11°51´N 07°39´E Malunda prev. Maloenda. Sulawesi, C Indonesia 02°58´S 118°52´E Malung Dalarna, C Sweden 60°40´N 13°45´E Malungsfors Dalarna, C Sweden 60°43´N 13°34´E Maluu var. Malu’u. Malaita, N Solomon Islands 08°22´S 160°39´E Malu’u see Maluu Mālvan Mahārāshtra, W India 16°05´N 73°28´E Malventum see Benevento Malvern Arkansas, C USA 34°21´N 92°50´W

29 S15 Malvern Iowa, C USA 40°59´N 95°36´W

44 I13 Malvern l W Jamaica 17°59´N 77°42´W

117 114 127

123 122

122 127 117 187 146 79 171 79 79

79 83 171 172 99 102 79 145 36 33

119

57 76 22 172 172 77 110 171 83 113

76 55 56 42 54 58 105 171 188 99 42 42 42 42 18 184 172 152

186 67 182 172 76 76

Malvina, Isla Gran see West Falkland Malvinas, Islas see Falkland Islands N4 Malyn Rus. Malin. Zhytomyrs’ka Oblast’, N Ukraine 50°46´N 29°14´E G10 Malyovitsa var. Maljovica, Mal’ovitsa. l W Bulgaria 42°12´N 23°19´E O11 Malyye Derbety Respublika Kalmykiya, SW Russian Federation 47°57´N 44°39´E Malyy Kavkaz see Lesser Caucasus Q6 Malyy Lyakhovskiy, Ostrov island NE Russian Federation Malyy Pamir see Little Pamir N5 Malyy Taymyr, Ostrov island Severnaya Zemlya, N Russian Federation Malyy Uzen’ see Saryozen L14 Malyy Yenisey var. Ka-Krem. j S Russian Federation S3 Mamadysh Respublika Tatarstan, W Russian Federation 55°46´N 51°22´E N14 Mamaia Constana, E Romania 44°13´N 28°37´E W14 Mamanuca Group island group Yasawa Group, W Fiji L13 Mamash Lebap Welaýaty, E Turkmenistan 38°24´N 64°12´E O17 Mambasa Orientale, NE Dem. Rep. Congo 01°20´N 29°05´E X13 Mamberamo, Sungai j Papua, E Indonesia G15 Mambéré j SW Central African Republic G15 Mambéré-Kadéï r prefecture SW Central African Republic Mambij see Manbij H18 Mambili j W Congo N18 Mambone var. Nova Mambone. Inhambane, E Mozambique 20°59´S 35°04´E O4 Mamburao Mindoro, N Philippines 13°16´N 120°36´E I16 Mamelles island Inner Islands, NE Seychelles M25 Mamer Luxembourg, SW Luxembourg 49°37´N 06°01´E L6 Mamers Sarthe, NW France 48°21´N 00°22´E D15 Mamfe Sud-Ouest, W Cameroon 05°46´N 09°18´E P6 Mamlyutka Severnyy Kazakhstan, N Kazakhstan 54°54´N 68°36´E M15 Mammoth Arizona, SW USA 32°43´N 110°38´W S12 Mammoth Hot Springs Wyoming, C USA 44°57´N 110°40´W Mamoedjoe see Mamuju A14 Mamonovo Ger. Heiligenbeil. Kaliningradskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 54°28´N 19°57´E L14 Mamoré, Rio j Bolivia/ Brazil I14 Mamou W Guinea 10°24´N 12°05´W H8 Mamou Louisiana, S USA 30°37´N 92°25´W I14 Mamoudzou q (Mayotte) C Mayotte 12°48´S 45°E I3 Mampikony Mahajanga, N Madagascar 16°03´S 47°39´E P16 Mampong C Ghana 07°06´N 01°20´W M7 Mamry, Jezioro Ger. Mauersee. c NE Poland N13 Mamuju prev. Mamoedjoe. Sulawesi, S Indonesia 02°41´S 118°55´E F19 Mamuno Ghanzi, W Botswana 22°15´S 20°02´E K19 Mamuras var. Mamurasi, Mamurras. Lezhë, C Albania 41°34´N 19°42´E Mamurasi/Mamurras see Mamuras L16 Man W Ivory Coast 07°24´N 07°33´W X9 Mana NW French Guiana 05°40´N 53°49´W A6 Manabí r province W Ecuador G4 Manabique, Punta var. Cabo Tres Puntas. headland E Guatemala 15°57´N 88°37´W G11 Manacacías, Río j C Colombia F13 Manacapuru Amazonas, N Brazil 03°16´S 60°37´W Y9 Manacor Mallorca, Spain, W Mediterranean Sea 39°35´N 03°12´E Q11 Manado prev. Menado. Sulawesi, C Indonesia 01°32´N 124°55´E H5 Managaha island S Northern Mariana Islands G20 Manage Hainaut, S Belgium 50°30´N 04°14´E J10 Managua a (Nicaragua) Managua, W Nicaragua 12°08´N 86°15´W J10 Managua r department W Nicaragua J10 Managua k Managua, W Nicaragua 12°07´N 86°11´W J10 Managua, Lago de var. Xolotlán. c W Nicaragua Manaḩ see Bilād Manaḩ K16 Manahawkin New Jersey, NE USA 39°39´N 74°12´W K11 Manaia Taranaki, North Island, New Zealand 39°33´S 174°07´E J6 Manakara Fianarantsoa, SE Madagascar 22°09´S 48°E J7 Manāli Himāchal Pradesh, NW India 32°12´N 77°06´E Ma, Nam see Sông Ma Manama see Al Manāmah D6 Manam Island island N Papua New Guinea Y13 Mananara Avaratra j SE Madagascar M9 Manangatang Victoria, SE Australia 35°04´S 142°53´E J6 Mananjary Fianarantsoa, SE Madagascar 21°13´S 48°20´E L14 Manankoro Sikasso, SW Mali 10°33´N 07°25´W J12 Manantali, Lac de d W Mali Manáos see Manaus

Country Country Capital

185 B23 Manapouri Southland, South Island, New Zealand 45°33´S 167°38´E

185 B23 Manapouri, Lake c South Island, New Zealand 58 F13 Manaquiri Amazonas, NW Brazil 03°27´S 60°37´W Manar see Mannar 158 K5 Manas Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 153 U12 153 P10 147 R8 158 K3 37 S8 21 W4 45 T5 186 E8 54 H4 58 F12 136 G17 184 M13 184 L11

44°16´N 86°12´E Manās var. Dangme Chu. j Bhutan/India Manāsalu var. Manaslu. l C Nepal 28°33´N 84°33´E Manas, Gora l Kyrgyzstan/ Uzbekistan 42°17´N 71°04´E Manas Hu c NW China Manaslu see Manāsalu Manassa Colorado, C USA 37°10´N 105°56´W Manassas Virginia, NE USA 38°45´N 77°28´W Manatí C Puerto Rico 18°26´N 66°29´W Manau Northern, S Papua New Guinea 08°02´S 148°00´E Manaure La Guajira, N Colombia 11°46´N 72°28´W Manaus prev. Manáos. state capital Amazonas, NW Brazil 03°06´S 60°W Manavgat Antalya, SW Turkey 36°47´N 31°28´E Manawatu j North Island, New Zealand Manawatu-Wanganui off. Manawatu-Wanganui Region. r region North Island, New Zealand

ManawatuWanganui Region see Manawatu-Wanganui 171 R7 Manay Mindanao, S Philippines 07°12´N 126°29´E 138 K2 Manbij var. Mambij, Fr. Membidj. Ḩalab, N Syria 36°32´N 37°55´E

105 N13 Mancha Real Andalucía, S Spain 37°47´N 03°37´W 102 I4 Manche r department N France 97 L17 Manchester Lat. Mancunium. NW England, United Kingdom 23 S5 29 Y13 21 N7 19 O10 20 K10 18 M9 97 L18

53°30´N 02°15´W Manchester Georgia, SE USA 32°51´N 84°37´W Manchester Iowa, C USA 42°28´N 91°27´W Manchester Kentucky, S USA 37°09´N 83°46´W Manchester New Hampshire, NE USA 42°59´N 71°26´W Manchester Tennessee, S USA 35°28´N 86°05´W Manchester Vermont, NE USA 43°09´N 73°03´W Manchester k NW England, United Kingdom 53°21´N 02°16´W

149 P15 Manchhar Lake c SE Pakistan Man-chou-li see Manzhouli 129 X7 Manchurian Plain plain NE China Máncio Lima see Japiim Mancunium see Manchester 148 J15 Mand Baluchistān, SW Pakistan 26°06´N 61°58´E Mand see Mand, Rūd-e 81 H25 Manda Njombe, SW Tanzania 10°30´S 34°37´E

172 H6 Mandabe Toliara, W Madagascar 21°02´S 44°56´E 162 M10 Mandah var. Töhöm. Dornogovĭ, SE Mongolia 44°25´N 108°18´E

95 E18 Mandal Vest-Agder, S Norway 58°02´N 07°30´E Mandal see Arbulag, Hövsgöl, Mongolia Mandal see Batsümber, Töv, Mongolia 166 L5 Mandalay Mandalay, C Myanmar (Burma) 21°57´N 96°04´E

166 M6 Mandalay r region C Myanmar (Burma) 162 L9 Mandalgovĭ Dundgovĭ, C Mongolia 45°47´N 106°18´E 139 V7 Mandalī Diyālá, E Iraq 33°43´N 45°33´E

162 K10 Mandal-Ovoo var. Sharhulsan. Ömnögovĭ, S Mongolia 44°43´N 104°06´E 95 E18 Mandalselva j S Norway 163 P11 Mandalt var. Sonid Zuoqi. Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China 43°49´N 113°36´E

28 M5 Mandan North Dakota, N USA 46°49´N 100°53´W Mandargiri Hill see Mandār Hill 153 R14 Mandār Hill prev. Mandargiri Hill. Bihār, NE India 24°51´N 87°03´E 170 M13 Mandar, Teluk bay Sulawesi, C Indonesia 107 C19 Mandas Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 81 L16 81 K17 33 V13 44 J12 22 K9 152 I7 76 K14

83 M15 83 N14

39°40´N 09°07´E Mandasor see Mandsaur Mandera Mandera, NE Kenya 03°56´N 41°53´E Mandera r county NE Kenya Manderson Wyoming, C USA 44°13´N 107°55´W Mandeville C Jamaica 18°02´N 77°31´W Mandeville Louisiana, S USA 30°21´N 90°04´W Mandi Himāchal Pradesh, NW India 31°40´N 76°59´E Mandiana E Guinea 10°37´N 08°39´W Mandi Būrewāla see Būrewāla Mandidzudzure see Chimanimani Mandié Manica, NW Mozambique 16°27´S 33°28´E Mandimba Niassa, N Mozambique 14°21´S 35°40´E

57 Q19 Mandioré, Laguna c E Bolivia 154 J10 Mandla Madhya Pradesh, C India 22°36´N 80°23´E 83 M20 Mandlakazi var. Manjacaze. Gaza, S Mozambique 24°47´S 33°50´E 95 E24 Mandø var. Manø. island W Denmark

Mandoúdhion/Mandoudi see Mantoúdi 78 I13 Mandoul off. Région du Mandoul. r region S Chad Mandoul, Région du see Mandoul

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

115 G19 Mándra Attikí, C Greece 38°04´N 23°30´E

172 I7 Mandrare j S Madagascar 114 M10 Mandra, Yazovir salt lake SE Bulgaria 107 L23 Mandrazzi, Portella pass Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 172 J3 Mandritsara Mahajanga, N Madagascar 15°49´S 48°50´E 143 O13 Mand, Rūd-e var. Mand. j S Iran 154 F9 Mandsaur prev. Mandasor. Madhya Pradesh, C India 24°03´N 75°10´E

154 F11 Māndu Madhya Pradesh, C India 22°22´N 75°24´E 169 W8 Mandul, Pulau island N Indonesia 83 G15 Mandundu Western, W Zambia 16°34´S 22°18´E 180 I13 Mandurah Western Australia 32°31´S 115°41´E

107 P18 Manduria Puglia, SE Italy 40°24´N 17°38´E

155 G20 Mandya Karnātaka, C India

12°34´N 76°55´E 77 P12 Mané C Burkina Faso 12°59´N 01°21´W 106 E8 Manerbio Lombardia, NW Italy 45°22´N 10°09´E Manevichi see Manevychi 116 K3 Manevychi Pol. Maniewicze, Rus. Manevichi. Volyns’ka Oblast’, NW Ukraine 51°18´N 25°29´E 107 N16 Manfredonia Puglia, SE Italy 41°38´N 15°54´E

107 N16 Manfredonia, Golfo di gulf Adriatic Sea, N Mediterranean Sea 77 P13 Manga C Burkina Faso 11°41´N 01°04´W

59 L16 Mangabeiras, Chapada das m E Brazil 79 J20 Mangai Bandundu, W Dem. Rep. Congo 03°58´S 19°32´E

190 L17 Mangaia island group S Cook Islands 184 M9 Mangakino Waikato, North Island, New Zealand 38°23´S 175°47´E

116 M15 Mangalia anc. Callatis. Constana, SE Romania 78 J11 155 E19 83 I23 154 K9 184 M11 184 N11 79 P17 139 R1 101 L24 169 P13

43°48´N 28°35´E Mangalmé Guéra, SE Chad 12°26´N 19°37´E Mangalore Karnātaka, W India 12°54´N 74°51´E Mangareva see Magareva Mangaung Free State, C South Africa 29°10´S 26°19´E Mangaung see Bloemfontein Mangawān Madhya Pradesh, C India 24°39´N 81°33´E Mangaweka ManawatuWanganui, North Island, New Zealand 39°49´S 175°47´E Mangaweka l North Island, New Zealand 39°51´S 176°06´E Mangbwalu Orientale, NE Dem. Rep. Congo 02°06´N 30°04´E Mangêsh Ar. Māngīsh, var. Mangish. Dahūk, N Iraq 37°03´N 43°04´E Mangfall j SE Germany Manggar Pulau Belitung, W Indonesia 02°52´S 108°13´E Mangghystaū Üstirti' see Mangystau, Plato

166 M2 Mangin Range m N Myanmar (Burma) Māngīsh see Mangêsh Mangish see Mangêsh Mangistau see Mangystau 146 H8 Mang‘it Rus. Mangit. Qoraqalpog‘iston Respublikasi, W Uzbekistan 42°06´N 60°02´E

Mangit see Mang‘it 54 A13 Manglares, Cabo headland SW Colombia 01°36´N 79°02´W 149 V6 Mangla Reservoir d NE Pakistan 159 N9 Mangnai var. Lao Mangnai. Qinghai, C China

83 N14 77 N14 172 H6 171 Q12 184 J2

37°52´N 91°45´E Mango see Mago, Fiji Mango see Sansanné-Mango, Togo Mangoche see Mangochi Mangochi var. Mangoche; prev. Fort Johnston. Southern, SE Malawi 14°30´S 35°15´E Mangodara SW Burkina Faso 09°49´N 04°22´W Mangoky j W Madagascar Mangole, Pulau island Kepulauan Sula, E Indonesia Mangonui Northland, North Island, New Zealand 35°00´S 173°30´E Mangqystaū Oblysy see Mangystau

Mangqystaū Shyghanaghy see Mangystau Zaliv Mangshi see Luxi 104 H7 Mangualde Viseu, N Portugal 40°36´N 07°46´W

83 L21 Manhoca Maputo, S Mozambique 26°49´S 32°36´E 59 N20 Manhuaçu Minas Gerais, SE Brazil 20°16´S 42°01´W 117 W9 Manhush prev. Pershotravneve. Donets’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine

35°52´N 90°10´W

Manila, City of see Manila 189 N16 Manila Reef reef W Micronesia 183 T6 Manilla New South Wales, SE Australia 30°44´S 150°43´E 192 P6 Maniloa island Tongatapu Group, S Tonga 123 U8 Manily Krasnoyarskiy Kray, E Russian Federation 62°33´N 165°03´E

171 V12 Manim, Pulau island E Indonesia 168 I11 Maninjau, Danau c Sumatera, W Indonesia 153 W13 Manipur r state NE India 153 X14 Manipur Hills hill range E India 136 C14 Manisa var. Manissa, prev. Saruhan; anc. Magnesia. Manisa, W Turkey 38°36´N 27°29´E 136 C13 Manisa var. Manissa. r province W Turkey Manissa see Manisa 31 O7 Manistee Michigan, N USA 44°14´N 86°19´W

Manistee River j Michigan, N USA O4 Manistique Michigan, N USA 45°57´N 86°15´W P4 Manistique Lake c Michigan, N USA W13 Manitoba r province S Canada X16 Manitoba, Lake c Manitoba, S Canada X17 Manitou Manitoba, S Canada

31 P7

49°12´N 98°28´W

31 N2 Manitou Island island Michigan, N USA 14 H11 Manitou Lake c Ontario, SE Canada 12 G15 Manitoulin Island island Ontario, S Canada 37 T5 Manitou Springs Colorado, C USA 38°51´N 104°56´W 14 G12 Manitouwabing Lake c Ontario, S Canada 12 E12 Manitouwadge Ontario, S Canada 49°14´N 85°51´W 12 G15 Manitowaning Manitoulin Island, Ontario, S Canada

79 O18 Manguredjipa NordKivu, E Dem. Rep. Congo

12

83 L16

144 F15

144 F15 144 E14

162 E7 27 O4 99 L21 83 L21

0°28´N 28°33´E Mangwendi Mashonaland East, E Zimbabwe 18°22´S 31°24´E Mangyshlak, Plato see Mangystau, Plato Mangyshlakskiy Zaliv see Mangystau Zaliv Mangyshlaskaya see Mangystau Mangystau Kaz. Mangqystaū Oblysy prev. Mangistau; prev. Mangyshlaskaya. r province SW Kazakhstan Mangystau, Plato plateau SW Kazakhstan Mangystau Zaliv Kaz. Mangqystaū Shyghanaghy; prev. Mangyshlakskiy Zaliv. gulf SW Kazakhstan Manhan var. Tögrög. Hovd, W Mongolia 47°24´N 92°06´E Manhan see Alag-Erdene Manhattan Kansas, C USA 39°11´N 96°35´W Manhay Luxembourg, SE Belgium 50°13´N 05°43´E Manhiça prev. Vila de Manhiça. Maputo, S Mozambique 25°25´S 32°49´E

Administrative Regions International Airport

31 139

171

45°44´N 81°50´W

Manitowik Lake c Ontario, S Canada N7 Manitowoc Wisconsin, N USA 44°04´N 87°40´W Manîtsoq see Maniitsoq O7 Māni‘, Wādī al dry watercourse W Iraq J14 Maniwaki Québec, SE Canada 46°22´N 75°58´W W13 Maniwori Papua, E Indonesia

14 B7

02°49´S 136°00´E

54 E10 Manizales Caldas, W Colombia 05°03´N 73°52´W 112 F11 Manjača m NW Bosnia and Herzegovina Manjacaze see Mandlakazi 180 J14 Manjimup Western Australia 34°18´S 116°14´E

Mank Niederösterreich, C Austria 48°06´N 15°13´E 79 I17 Mankanza Equateur, NW Dem. Rep. Congo 109 V4

154 E13 182 J7

155 I24

25°21´N 87°37´E

11

41°59´N 02°17´E

155 J23

191 U9 Manihi island Îles Tuamotu, C French Polynesia 190 L13 Manihiki atoll N Cook Islands 175 U8 Manihiki Plateau undersea feature C Pacific Ocean 196 M14 Maniitsoq var. Manîtsoq, Dan. Sukkertoppen. r  Qeqqata, S Greenland 153 T15 Manikganj Dhaka, C Bangladesh 23°52´N 90°00´E 152 M14 Mānikpur Uttar Pradesh, N India 25°04´N 81°06´E 171 N4 Manila off. City of Manila. a (Philippines) Luzon, N Philippines 14°34´N 120°59´E 27 Y9 Manila Arkansas, C USA

61 H18 Mangueira, Lagoa c S Brazil 77 X6 Manguéni, Plateau du m NE Niger 163 T4 Mangui Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China 52°02´N 122°13´E 26 K11 Mangum Oklahoma, C USA 34°52´N 99°30´W

29 V11 Manly Iowa, C USA

15 U5 Manic Deux, Réservoir d Québec, SE Canada Manich see Manych 59 F14 Manicoré Amazonas, N Brazil 05°48´S 61°16´W 13 N11 Manicouagan Québec, SE Canada 50°40´N 68°46´W 13 N11 Manicouagan j Québec, SE Canada 15 U6 Manicouagan, Péninsule de peninsula Québec, SE Canada 13 N11 Manicouagan, Réservoir c Québec, E Canada 15 T4 Manic Trois, Réservoir d Québec, SE Canada 79 M20 Maniema off. Région du Maniema. r region E Dem. Rep. Congo Maniema, Région du see Maniema Maniewicze see Manevychi 160 F8 Maniganggo Sichuan, C China 32°01´N 99°04´E 11 Y15 Manigotagan Manitoba, S Canada 51°06´N 96°18´W 153 R13 Manihāri Bihār, N India

11

43°00´N 75°58´W

04°50´N 72°15´W

18°56´S 32°52´E 83 M17 Manica off. Província de Manica. r province W Mozambique 83 L17 Manicaland r province E Zimbabwe Manica, Província de see Manica

11

39 Q9 Manley Hot Springs Alaska, USA 65°00´N 150°37´W 18 H10 Manlius New York, NE USA 105 W5 Manlleu Cataluña, NE Spain

143 R11 Mānī Kermān, C Iran 83 M17 Manica var. Vila de Manica. Manica, W Mozambique

31

44°08´N 106°48´E

47°03´N 37°20´E

54 H10 Maní Casanare, C Colombia

31

162 L10 Manlay var. Üydzen. Ömnögovĭ, S Mongolia

155 J23

101 11 29 28 21 191 21 182 107 11 76 61 39 171 79 25 97 103 12 163

191 105 152 82 76 15 149 9 183 97 27 22 19 31 18 18 59 102 76 47

56 56 57 35 54 31 21

103

01°40´N 19°08´E

153 N12 Mankāpur Uttar Pradesh, N India 27°03´N 82°12´E 26 M3 Mankato Kansas, C USA 39°48´N 98°13´W

29 U10 Mankato Minnesota, N USA 44°10´N 94°00´W

117 O7 Man’kivka Cherkas’ka Oblast’, C Ukraine 48°58´N 30°10´E 76 M15 Mankono C Ivory Coast 08°01´N 06°09´W 11 T17 Mankota Saskatchewan, S Canada 49°25´N 107°05´W 155 K23 Mankulam Northern Province, N Sri Lanka 09°07´N 80°27´E

Mountain Mountain Range

Mannersdorf am Leithagebirge var. Mannersdorf. Niederösterreich, E Austria 47°59´N 16°36´E Y6 Mannersdorf an der Rabnitz Burgenland, E Austria 47°25´N 16°32´E G20 Mannheim BadenWürttemberg, SW Germany 49°29´N 08°29´E O12 Manning Alberta, W Canada 56°53´N 117°39´W T14 Manning Iowa, C USA 41°54´N 95°03´W K5 Manning North Dakota, N USA 47°15´N 102°48´W S13 Manning South Carolina, SE USA 33°42´N 80°12´W Y2 Manning, Cape headland Kiritimati, NE Kiribati 02°02´N 157°26´W S3 Mannington West Virginia, NE USA 39°31´N 80°20´W A1 Mann Ranges m South Australia C19 Mannu j Sardegna, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea R14 Mannville Alberta, SW Canada 53°19´N 111°08´W J15 Mano j Liberia/Sierra Leone Manø see Mandø F15 Manoel Viana Rio Grande do Sul, S Brazil 29°33´S 55°28´W O13 Manokotak Alaska, USA 59°00´N 158°58´W V12 Manokwari Papua Barat, E Indonesia 0°53´S 134°05´S N22 Manono Shaba, SE Dem. Rep. Congo 07°18´S 27°25´E T10 Manor Texas, SW USA 30°20´N 97°33´W D16 Manorhamilton Ir. Cluainín. Leitrim, NW Ireland 54°18´N 08°10´W S15 Manosque Alpes-deHaute-Provence, SE France 43°50´N 05°47´E L11 Manouane, Lac c Québec, SE Canada W12 Manp’o var. Manp’ojin. NW North Korea 41°10´N 126°24´E Manp’ojin see Manp’o T4 Manra prev. Sydney Island. atoll Phoenix Islands, C Kiribati V5 Manresa Cataluña, NE Spain 41°43´N 01°50´E H9 Mānsa Punjab, NW India 30°00´N 75°25´E J12 Mansa prev. Fort Rosebery. Luapula, N Zambia 11°14´S 28°55´E G12 Mansa Konko C Gambia 13°26´N 15°29´W Q11 Manseau Québec, SE Canada 46°23´N 71°59´W U5 Mānsehra Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, NW Pakistan 34°23´N 73°18´E Q9 Mansel Island island Nunavut, NE Canada O12 Mansfield Victoria, SE Australia 37°04´S 146°06´E M18 Mansfield C England, United Kingdom 53°09´N 01°11´W S11 Mansfield Arkansas, C USA 35°03´N 94°15´W G6 Mansfield Louisiana, S USA 32°02´N 93°42´W O12 Mansfield Massachusetts, NE USA 42°00´N 71°11´W T12 Mansfield Ohio, N USA 40°45´N 82°31´W G12 Mansfield Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°46´N 77°02´W M7 Mansfield, Mount l Vermont, NE USA 44°31´N 72°49´W M16 Mansidão Bahia, E Brazil 10°46´S 44°04´W L11 Mansle Charente, W France 45°52´N 00°11´E G12 Mansôa C Guinea-Bissau 12°08´N 15°18´W V8 Manso, Rio j C Brazil Manṣûra see Al Manşūrah Mansurabad see Mehrān, Rūd-e A6 Manta Manabí, W Ecuador 0°59´S 80°44´W A6 Manta, Bahía de bay W Ecuador F14 Mantaro, Río j C Peru O8 Manteca California, W USA 37°48´N 121°13´W J7 Mantecal Apure, C Venezuela 07°34´N 69°07´W N11 Manteno Illinois, N USA 41°15´N 87°49´W Y9 Manteo Roanoke Island, North Carolina, SE USA 35°54´N 75°42´W Mantes-Gassicourt see Mantes-la-Jolie N5 Mantes-la-Jolie prev. Mantes-Gassicourt, Mantes-sur-Seine; anc. Medunta. Yvelines, N France 48°59´N 01°43´E Mantes-sur-Seine see Mantes-la-Jolie L5 Manti Utah, W USA 39°16´N 111°38´W Mantinea see Mantíneia F20 Mantíneia anc. Mantinea. site of ancient city Pelopónnisos, S Greece M21 Mantiqueira, Serra da m S Brazil W10 Mantorville Minnesota, N USA 44°04´N 92°45´W

109 Y5

109

36 115 59 29

Volcano River

43°17´N 93°12´W Manmād Mahārāshtra, W India 20°15´N 74°29´E Mannahill South Australia 32°29´S 139°58´E Mannar var. Manar. Northern Province, NW Sri Lanka 09°01´N 79°53´E Mannar, Gulf of gulf India/ Sri Lanka Mannar Island island N Sri Lanka Mannersdorf see Mannersdorf am Leithagebirge

Lake Reservoir

115 G17 Mantoúdi var. Mandoudi; prev. Mandoúdhion. Évvoia, C Greece 38°47´N 23°29´E Mantoue see Mantova 106 F8 Mantova Eng. Mantua, Fr. Mantoue. Lombardia, NW Italy 45°10´N 10°47´E 93 M19 Mäntsälä Uusimaa, S Finland 60°38´N 25°21´E

93 L17 Mänttä Pirkanmaa, W Finland 62°00´N 24°36´E Mantua see Mantova 125 O14 Manturovo Kostromskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 58°19´N 44°42´E 93 M18 Mäntyharju Etelä-Savo, SE Finland 61°25´N 26°53´E 92 M13 Mäntyjärvi Lappi, N Finland 66°00´N 27°35´E

190 L16 Manuae island S Cook Islands 191 Q10 Manuae atoll Îles Sous le Vent, W French Polynesia 192 L16 Manu‘a Islands island group E American Samoa 40 L5 Manuel Benavides Chihuahua, N Mexico 29°07´N 103°52´W

61 D21 Manuel J. Cobo Buenos Aires, E Argentina 35°49´S 57°54´W

58 M12 Manuel Luís, Recife reef E Brazil 59 I14 Manuel Zinho Pará, N Brazil 07°21´S 54°47´W

191 V11 Manuhagi prev. Manuhangi. atoll Îles Tuamotu, C French Polynesia Manuhangi see Manuhagi 185 E22 Manuherikia j South Island, New Zealand 171 P13 Manui, Pulau island N Indonesia Manukau see Manurewa 184 L6 Manukau Harbour harbour North Island, New Zealand 191 Z2 Manulu Lagoon c Kiritimati, E Kiribati 182 J7 Manunda Creek seasonal river South Australia 57 K15 Manupari, Río j N Bolivia 184 L6 Manurewa var. Manukau. Auckland, North Island, New Zealand 37°01´S 174°55´E 57 K15 Manurimi, Río j NW Bolivia 186 D5 Manus r province N Papua New Guinea 186 D5 Manus Island var. Great Admiralty Island. island N Papua New Guinea 171 T16 Manuwui Pulau Babar, E Indonesia 07°47´S 129°39´E 29 Q3 Manvel North Dakota, N USA 48°07´N 97°15´W

33 Z14 Manville Wyoming, C USA 42°45´N 104°38´W

22 G6 Many Louisiana, S USA 31°34´N 93°28´W

81 H21 Manyara, Lake c NE Tanzania 126 L12 Manych var. Manich. j SW Russian Federation 83 H14 Manyinga North Western, NW Zambia 13°28´S 24°18´E 105 O11 Manzanares Castilla-La Mancha, C Spain 39°N 03°23´W 44 H7 Manzanillo Granma, E Cuba 20°21´N 77°07´W

40 K14 Manzanillo Colima, SW Mexico 19°00´N 104°19´W 40 K14 Manzanillo, Bahía bay SW Mexico 37 S11 Manzano Mountains m New Mexico, SW USA 37 R12 Manzano Peak l New Mexico, SW USA 163 R6

139 X9 83 L21 83 L21 78 G10 45 N8 105 Z9

159 W9

34°35´N 106°27´W Manzhouli var. Man-chouli. Nei Mongol Zizhiqu, N China 49°36´N 117°28´E Manzil Bū Ruqaybah see Menzel Bourguiba Manzilīyah Maysān, E Iraq 32°26´N 47°01´E Manzini prev. Bremersdorp. C Swaziland 26°30´S 31°22´E Manzini k (Mbabane) C Swaziland 26°36´S 31°25´E Mao Kanem, W Chad 14°06´N 15°17´E Mao NW Dominican Republic 19°37´N 71°04´W Maó Cast. Mahón, Eng. Port Mahon; anc. Portus Magonis. Menorca, Spain, W Mediterranean Sea 39°54´N 04°15´E Maoemere see Maumere Maojing Gansu, N China 36°26´N 106°36´E

171 Y14 Maoke, Pegunungan Dut. Sneeuw-gebergte, Eng. Snow Mountains. m Papua, E Indonesia Maol Réidh, Caoc see Mweelrea 160 M15 Maoming Guangdong, S China 21°46´N 110°51´E 160 H8 Maoxian var. Mao Xian; prev. Fengyizhen. Sichuan, C China 31°42´N 103°48´E Mao Xian see Maoxian 83 L19 Mapai Gaza, SW Mozambique 22°52´S 32°00´E

158 H15 Mapam Yumco c W China 83 I15 Mapanza Southern, S Zambia 16°16´S 26°54´E

Mapararí Falcón, N Venezuela 10°52´N 69°27´W 41 U17 Mapastepec Chiapas, SE Mexico 15°28´N 93°00´W 169 V9 Mapat, Pulau island N Indonesia 171 Y15 Mapi Papua, E Indonesia 54 J4

07°02´S 139°24´E

171 V11 Mapia, Kepulauan island group E Indonesia 40 L8 Mapimí Durango, C Mexico 25°50´N 103°50´W

83 N19 Mapinhane Inhambane, SE Mozambique 22°14´S 35°07´E

55 N7 Mapire Monagas, NE Venezuela 07°48´N 64°40´W 11 S17 Maple Creek Saskatchewan, S Canada 49°55´N 109°28´W 31 Q9 Maple River j Michigan, N USA 29 P7 Maple River j North Dakota/South Dakota, N USA 29 S13 Mapleton Iowa, C USA 42°10´N 95°47´W

29 U10 Mapleton Minnesota, N USA 43°55´N 93°57´W Mapleton North Dakota, N USA 46°51´N 97°04´W 32 F13 Mapleton Oregon, NW USA 44°01´N 123°56´W

29 R5

Mapleton – Marysvale 36 L3 192 K5 186 B6 83 L21

83 L21 67 V14 83 L21 113 M19 159 S12 159 S11 141 X7 159 U12 104 M9 82 B9 63 I16 29 Z13 29 Y13 14 F13 95 F14 81 G19 58 D12 191 P8 191 O8 59 K14 54 H5

54 H5

58 K10

Mapleton Utah, W USA 40°07´N 111°37´W

Mapmaker Seamounts undersea feature N Pacific Ocean 25°00´N 165°00´E Maprik East Sepik, NW Papua New Guinea 03°38´S 143°02´E Maputo prev. Lourenço Marques. a (Mozambique) Maputo, S Mozambique 25°58´S 32°35´E Maputo r province S Mozambique Maputo j S Mozambique Maputo k Maputo, S Mozambique 25°47´S 32°36´E Maqat see Makat Maqellarë Dibër, C Albania 41°36´N 20°29´E Maqên var. Dawo; prev. Dawu. Qinghai, C China 34°32´N 100°17´E Maqên Kangri l C China 34°44´N 99°25´E Maqiz al Kurbá N Oman 24°13´N 56°48´E Maqu var. Nyinma. Gansu, C China 34°02´N 102°00´E Maqueda CastillaLa Mancha, C Spain 40°04´N 04°22´W Maquela do Zombo Uíge, NW Angola 06°06´S 15°12´E Maquinchao Río Negro, C Argentina 41°19´S 68°47´W Maquoketa Iowa, C USA 42°03´N 90°42´W Maquoketa River j Iowa, C USA Mar Ontario, S Canada 44°48´N 81°12´W Mår c S Norway Mara r region N Tanzania Maraā Amazonas, NW Brazil 01°48´S 65°21´W Maraa Tahiti, W French Polynesia 17°44´S 149°34´W Maraa, Pointe headland Tahiti, W French Polynesia 17°44´S 149°34´W Marabá Pará, NE Brazil 05°23´S 49°10´W Maracaibo Zulia, NW Venezuela 10°40´N 71°39´W Maracaibo, Gulf of see Venezuela, Golfo de Maracaibo, Lago de var. Lake Maracaibo. inlet NW Venezuela Maracaibo, Lake see Maracaibo, Lago de Maracá, Ilha de island NE Brazil

59 H20 Maracaju, Serra de m S Brazil 58 I11 Maracanaquará, Planalto m NE Brazil 54 L5 Maracay Aragua, N Venezuela 10°15´N 67°36´W Marada see Marādah 75 R9 Marādah var. Marada. N Libya 29°16´N 19°29´E 77 U12 Maradi Maradi, S Niger 13°30´N 07°05´E

77 U11 Maradi r department S Niger 81 E21 Maragarazi var. Muragarazi. j Burundi/Tanzania Maragha see Marāgheh 142 J3 Marāgheh var. Maragha. Āarbāyjān-e Khāvarī, NW Iran 37°21´N 46°14´E 141 P7 Marāh var. Marrāt. Ar Riyāḑ, C Saudi Arabia 25°04´N 45°30´E

55 N11 Marahuaca, Cerro l S Venezuela

01°05´N 36°42´E 83 G21 Maralaleng Kgalagadi, S Botswana 25°42´S 22°39´E

145 U8 Maraldy, Ozero c NE Kazakhstan 182 C5 Maralinga South Australia 30°16´S 131°35´E

Máramarossziget see Sighetu Marmaiei 187 N9 Maramasike var. Small Malaita. island N Solomon Islands Maramba see Livingstone 194 H3 Marambio Argentinian research station Antarctica 64°22´S 57°18´W

116 H9 Maramureş r county NW Romania 36 L15 Marana Arizona, SW USA

32°24´N 111°12´W 105 P7 Maranchón CastillaLa Mancha, C Spain 41°02´N 02°11´W 142 J2 Marand var. Merend. Āarbāyjān-e Sharqī, NW Iran 38°25´N 45°40´E Marandellas see Marondera 58 L13 Maranhão off. Estado do Maranhão. r state E Brazil

104 H10 Maranhão, Barragem do d C Portugal Maranhão, Estado do see Maranhão 149 O11 Mārān, Koh-i l SW Pakistan 106 J7 56 E9 102 J10 83 M20 185 B23

107 M19

38°09´N 23°57´E

169 W9 Maratua, Pulau island N Indonesia 59 O18 Maraú Bahia, SE Brazil 143 R3 24 L11 186 D8 171 Q7

104 L16

29°24´N 66°50´E

Marano, Laguna di lagoon NE Italy Marañón, Río j N Peru Marans Charente-Maritime, W France 46°19´N 00°58´W Marão Inhambane, S Mozambique 24°15´S 34°09´E Mararoa j South Island, New Zealand Maraş/Marash see Kahramanmaraş Maratea Basilicata, S Italy

39°57´N 15°44´E 104 G11 Marateca Setúbal, S Portugal 38°34´N 08°40´W

115 B20 Marathiá, Akrotírio headland Zákynthos, Iónia Nisiá, Greece, C Mediterranean Sea 37°39´N 20°49´E

12 E12 Marathon Ontario, S Canada 48°44´N 86°23´W

23 Y17 Marathon Florida Keys, Florida, SE USA 24°42´N 81°05´W

24 L10 Marathon Texas, SW USA 30°10´N 103°14´W

14°07´S 39°02´W

Marāveh Tappeh Golestán, N Iran 37°53´N 55°57´E Maravillas Creek j Texas, SW USA Marawaka Eastern Highlands, C Papua New Guinea 06°56´S 145°54´E Marawi Mindanao, S Philippines 07°59´N 124°16´E Märäzä see Qobustan Marbat see Mirbāţ Marbella Andalucía, S Spain 36°31´N 04°50´W

Marble Bar Western Australia 21°13´S 119°48´E 36 L9 Marble Canyon canyon Arizona, SW USA 25 S10 Marble Falls Texas, SW USA 180 J7

30°34´N 98°16´W 27 Y7 Marble Hill Missouri, C USA 37°18´N 89°58´W 33 T15 Marbleton Wyoming, C USA 42°31´N 110°06´W Marburg see Marburg an der Lahn, Germany Marburg see Maribor, Slovenia

101 H16 Marburg an der Lahn hist. Marburg. Hessen, W Germany 50°49´N 08°46´E 111 H23 Marcal j W Hungary 42 G7 Marcala La Paz, SW Honduras 14°11´N 88°00´W 111 H24 Marcali Somogy, SW Hungary 46°33´N 17°29´E 83 A16 Marca, Ponta da headland SW Angola 16°31´S 11°42´E 59 I16 Marcelândia Mato Grosso, W Brazil 11°18´S 54°49´W 27 T3 Marceline Missouri, C USA 39°42´N 92°57´W

60 I13 Marcelino Ramos Rio Grande do Sul, S Brazil 55 Y12 Marcel, Mont l S French Guiana 02°32´N 53°00´W 97 O19 March E England, United Kingdom 52°37´N 00°13´E 109 Z3 March var. Morava. j C Europe see also Morava March see Morava 106 I12 Marche Eng. Marches. r region C Italy 103 N11 Marche cultural region C France 99 J21 Marche-en-Famenne Luxembourg, SE Belgium 50°13´N 05°21´E

104 K14 Marchena Andalucía, S Spain 37°20´N 05°24´W

57 B17 Marchena, Isla var. Bindloe Island. island Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, E Pacific Ocean Marches see Marche 99 J20 Marchin Liège, E Belgium

50°30´N 05°17´E Marchinbar Island island Wessel Islands, Northern Territory, N Australia L9 Mar Chiquita, Laguna c C Argentina Q10 Marcigny Saône-et-Loire, C France 46°16´N 04°04´E W16 Marco Florida, SE USA 25°56´N 81°43´W Marcodurum see Düren O15 Marcolândia Pernambuco, E Brazil 07°21´S 40°40´W I8 Marco Polo k (Venezia) Veneto, NE Italy 45°30´N 12°21´E Marcounda see Markounda Marcq see Mark M8 Mărculeşti Rus. Markuleshty. N Moldova 47°54´N 28°14´E S12 Marcus Iowa, C USA 42°49´N 95°48´W S11 Marcus Baker, Mount l Alaska, USA 61°26´N 147°45´W I5 Marcus Island var. Minami Tori Shima. island E Japan K8 Marcy, Mount l New York, NE USA 44°06´N 73°55´W T5 Mardān Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, N Pakistan 34°14´N 71°59´E N14 Mar del Plata Buenos Aires, E Argentina 38°S 57°32´W Q16 Mardin Mardin, SE Turkey 37°19´N 40°43´E Q16 Mardin r province SE Turkey Q16 Mardin Dağları m SE Turkey Mardzad see Hayrhandulaan R17 Maré island Îles Loyauté, E New Caledonia Marea Neagră see Black Sea Z8 Mare de Déu del Toro var. El Toro. l Menorca, Spain, W Mediterranean Sea 39°59´N 04°06´E W4 Mareeba Queensland, NE Australia 17°03´S 145°30´E G8 Maree, Loch c N Scotland, United Kingdom Mareeq see Mereeg Marek see Dupnitsa J11 Maréna Kayes, W Mali 14°36´N 10°57´W I2 Marenanuka atoll Tungaru, W Kiribati X14 Marengo Iowa, C USA 41°48´N 92°04´W J11 Marennes CharenteMaritime, W France 45°47´N 01°04´W G23 Marettimo, Isola island Isole Egadi, S Italy K10 Marfa Texas, SW USA 30°19´N 104°03´W P17 Marfíl, Laguna c E Bolivia Marganets see Marhanets’ Q4 Margaret Texas, SW USA 34°00´N 99°38´W I14 Margaret River Western Australia 33°58´S 115°10´E C7 Margarima Hela, W Papua New Guinea 06°00´S 143°23´E N4 Margarita, Isla de island N Venezuela I25 Margarítes Kríti, Greece, E Mediterranean Sea 35°19´N 24°40´E Q22 Margate prev. Mergate. SE England, United Kingdom 51°24´N 01°24´E Z15 Margate Florida, SE USA 26°14´N 80°12´W

181 S1 62 103 23 59 106

116 29 39 192 18 149 63 137 137 137 187 105

181 96

76 190 29 102 107 24 57 25 180 186 55 115 97 23

Country Country Capital

Margelan see Marg‘ilon 103 P13 Margeride, Montagnes de la m C France Margherita see Jamaame 107 N16 Margherita di Savoia Puglia, SE Italy 41°23´N 16°09´E Margherita, Lake see Ābaya Hāyk’ 81 E18 Margherita Peak Fr. Pic Marguerite. l Uganda/Dem. Rep. Congo 0°28´N 29°58´E 149 O4 Marghī Bāmyān, N Afghanistan 35°10´N 66°26´E 116 G9 Marghita Hung. Margitta. Bihor, NW Romania 47°20´N 22°20´E

Margilan see Marg‘ilon 147 S10 Marg‘ilon var. Margelan, Rus. Margilan. Farg’ona Viloyati, E Uzbekistan

10 M15 15 V3 194 I6

117 T9 186 B9 191 Y12 191 R12 40 I12

95 G21 61 C22 183 P17 40 H12

45 O11 Marigot NE Dominica

25 V12 Markham Texas, SW USA

122 K12 Mariinsk Kemerovskaya Oblast’, S Russian Federation

186 E7

15°32´N 61°18´W 56°13´N 87°27´E

127 Q3 Mariinskiy Posad Respublika Mariy El, W Russian Federation 56°07´N 47°44´E

119 E14 Marijampolė prev. Kapsukas. Marijampolė, S Lithuania 54°33´N 23°21´E Marikostenovo see Marikostinovo 114 G12 Marikostinovo prev. Marikostenovo. Blagoevgrad, SW Bulgaria 41°25´N 23°21´E 60 J9 Marília São Paulo, S Brazil 82 D11

40°29´N 71°43´E

Marginea Suceava, NE Romania 47°49´N 25°47´E Margitta see Marghita 148 K9 Mārgow, Dasht-e desert SW Afghanistan 99 L18 Margraten Limburg, SE Netherlands 116 K8

62 H4

27°31´S 51°57´W

03°37´N 65°25´W

Marais des Cygnes River j Kansas/Missouri, C USA 58 L11 Marajó, Baía de bay N Brazil 59 K12 Marajó, Ilha de island N Brazil 191 O2 Marakei atoll Tungaru, W Kiribati Marakesh see Marrakech 81 I18 Maralal Samburu, C Kenya 27 R5

Marathón see Marathónas 115 H19 Marathónas prev. Marathón. Attikí, C Greece

50°49´N 05°49´E Marguerite British Columbia, SW Canada 52°17´N 122°10´W Marguerite j Quebec, SE Canada Marguerite Bay bay Antarctica Marguerite, Pic see Margherita Peak Marhanets’ Rus. Marganets. Dnipropetrovs’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 47°35´N 34°37´E Mari Western, SW Papua New Guinea 09°10´S 141°39´E Maria atoll Groupe Actéon, SE French Polynesia Maria island Îles Australes, SW French Polynesia María Cleofas, Isla island C Mexico María Elena var. Oficina María Elena. Antofagasta, N Chile 22°18´S 69°40´W Mariager Midtjylland, C Denmark 56°39´N 09°59´E María Ignacia Buenos Aires, E Argentina 37°24´S 59°30´W Maria Island island Tasmania, SE Australia María Madre, Isla island C Mexico

40 I12 María Magdalena, Isla island C Mexico 192 H6 Mariana Islands island group Guam/Northern Mariana Islands 175 N3 Mariana Trench var. Challenger Deep. undersea feature W Pacific Ocean 15°00´N 147°30´E

104 G4 35 N10

119 L17

171 O4 31 S9 31 N6 60 I10 83 N16 104 F9 107 I15 59 A15 23 O5 27 Y11 30 L17 31 P13 29 X13 27 O5 20 H6 21 P9 31 S12 21 T12

153 X12 Mariāni Assam, NE India

21 Q7

27 X11

27 O5

23 R8 172 J16 95 M19 61 D15

111 A16

33 S7

26°39´N 94°18´E Marianna Arkansas, C USA 34°46´N 90°49´W Marianna Florida, SE USA 30°46´N 85°13´W Marianne island Inner Islands, NE Seychelles Mariannelund Jönköping, S Sweden 57°37´N 15°33´E Mariano I. Loza Corrientes, NE Argentina 29°22´S 58°12´W Mariano Machado see Ganda Mariánské Lázně Ger. Marienbad. Karlovarský Kraj, W Czech Republic 49°57´N 12°43´E Máriaradna see Radna Marias River j Montana, NW USA Maria-Theresiopel see Subotica Máriatölgyes see Dubnica nad Váhom

184 H1 Maria van Diemen, Cape headland North Island, New Zealand 34°27´S 172°38´E 109 V5 Mariazell Steiermark, E Austria 47°47´N 15°20´E 141 P15 Ma’rib W Yemen 95 I25 109 W9 35 R13 81 D15 194 M11

15°28´N 45°25´E Maribo Sjælland, S Denmark 54°47´N 11°30´E Maribor Ger. Marburg. NE Slovenia 46°34´N 15°40´E Marica see Maritsa Maricopa California, W USA 35°03´N 119°24´W Maricourt see Kangiqsujuaq Maridi Western Equatoria, SW South Sudan 04°55´N 29°30´E Marie Byrd Land physical region Antarctica

193 P14 Marie Byrd Seamount undersea feature N Amundsen Sea 70°00´S 118°00´W 45 X11 Marie-Galante var. Ceyre to the Caribs. island SE Guadeloupe 45 Y6 Marie-Galante, Canal de channel S Guadeloupe 93 J20 Mariehamn Fin. Maarianhamina. Åland, SW Finland 60°05´N 19°55´E 44 C4 Mariel La Habana, W Cuba 23°02´N 82°44´W

99 H22 Mariembourg Namur, S Belgium 50°07´N 04°30´E Marienbad see Mariánské Lázně Marienburg see Alūksne, Latvia Marienburg see Malbork, Poland Marienburg see Feldioara, Romania Marienburg in Westpreussen see Malbork Marienhausen see Viļaka 83 D20 Mariental Hardap, SW Namibia 24°35´S 17°56´E 18 D13 Marienville Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°27´N 79°07´W Marienwerder see Kwidzyń 58 C12 Marié, Rio j NW Brazil 95 K17 Mariestad Västra Götaland, S Sweden 58°42´N 13°50´E 23 S3 Marietta Georgia, SE USA 33°57´N 84°34´W

31 U14 Marietta Ohio, N USA

39°25´N 81°27´W 27 N13 Marietta Oklahoma, C USA 33°57´N 97°08´W 81 H18 Marigat Baringo, W Kenya 0°29´S 35°59´E 103 S16 Marignane Bouchesdu-Rhône, SE France 43°25´N 05°12´E Marignano see Melegnano

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

21 S13 27 S8 55 N7 55 X11 35 Q9 61 G19

22°13´S 49°58´W Marimba Malanje, NW Angola 08°18´S 16°58´E Marī Mīlā see Małe Mela Mārī Mīlah see Małe Mela Marín Galicia, NW Spain 42°23´N 08°43´W Marina California, W USA 36°40´N 121°48´W Mar’ina Gorka see Mar”ina Horka Mar”ina Horka Rus. Mar’ina Gorka. Minskaya Voblasts’, C Belarus 53°31´N 28°09´E Marinduque island C Philippines Marine City Michigan, N USA 42°43´N 82°29´W Marinette Wisconsin, N USA 45°06´N 87°38´W Maringá Paraná, S Brazil 23°26´S 51°55´W Maringuè Sofala, C Mozambique 17°57´S 34°23´E Marinha Grande Leiria, C Portugal 39°45´N 08°55´W Marino Lazio, C Italy 41°46´N 12°40´E Mário Lobão Acre, W Brazil 08°21´S 72°58´W Marion Alabama, S USA 32°37´N 87°19´W Marion Arkansas, C USA 35°12´N 90°12´W Marion Illinois, N USA 37°43´N 88°55´W Marion Indiana, N USA 40°32´N 85°40´W Marion Iowa, C USA 42°01´N 91°36´W Marion Kansas, C USA 38°22´N 97°02´W Marion Kentucky, S USA 37°19´N 88°06´W Marion North Carolina, SE USA 35°43´N 82°00´W Marion Ohio, N USA 40°35´N 83°08´W Marion South Carolina, SE USA 34°11´N 79°23´W Marion Virginia, NE USA 36°51´N 81°30´W Marion Lake d Kansas, C USA Marion, Lake d South Carolina, SE USA Marionville Missouri, C USA 37°00´N 93°38´W Maripa Bolívar, E Venezuela 07°27´N 65°10´W Maripasoula W French Guiana 03°43´N 54°04´W Mariposa California, W USA 37°28´N 119°59´W Mariscala Lavalleja, S Uruguay 34°03´S 54°47´W

62 M4 Mariscal Estigarribia Boquerón, NW Paraguay 22°03´S 60°39´W

Mariscal Sucre var. Quito. k (Quito) Pichincha, C Ecuador 0°21´S 78°37´W 30 K16 Marissa Illinois, N USA 56 C6

38°15´N 89°45´W

103 U14 Maritime Alps Fr. Alpes Maritimes, It. Alpi Marittime. m France/Italy Maritimes, Alpes see Maritime Alps Maritime Territory see Primorskiy Kray 114 K11 Maritsa var. Marica, Gk. Évros, Turk. Meriç; anc. Hebrus. j SW Europe see also Évros/Meriç Maritsa see Simeonovgrad, Bulgaria Marittime, Alpi see Maritime Alps Maritzburg see Pietermaritzburg 117 X9 Mariupol’ prev. Zhdanov. Donets’ka Oblast’, SE Ukraine 47°06´N 37°34´E

55 Q6 Mariusa, Caño j NE Venezuela 142 J5 Marīvān prev. Dezh Shāhpūr. Kordestān, W Iran 127 R3 118 G4 99 I15 81 N17 145 Z10 76 M12 159 S15 95 K21 142 L7

14 F14 27 X10 98 N11

35°30´N 46°09´E Mariyets Respublika Mariy El, W Russian Federation 56°31´N 49°48´E Märjamaa Ger. Merjama. Raplamaa, NW Estonia 58°54´N 24°21´E Mark Fr. Marcq. j Belgium/Netherlands Marka var. Merca. Shabeellaha Hoose, S Somalia 01°43´N 44°45´E Markakol’, Ozero Kaz. Marqaköl. c E Kazakhstan Markala Ségou, W Mali 13°38´N 06°07´W Markam var. Gartog. Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 29°40´N 98°33´E Markaryd Kronoberg, S Sweden 56°26´N 13°35´E Markazī off. Ostān-e Markazī. r province W Iran Markazī, Ostān-e see Markazī Markdale Ontario, S Canada 44°19´N 80°37´W Marked Tree Arkansas, C USA 35°31´N 90°25´W Markelo Overijssel, E Netherlands 52°15´N 06°30´E

Markermeer c C Netherlands 97 N20 Market Harborough C England, United Kingdom 98 J9

52°30´N 00°57´W

97 N18 Market Rasen E England, United Kingdom

117 Y5 35 Q7 98 L8 79 H14

123 U7

127 P8 22 K2 22 I7 101 I19 101 J24 101 M18

43°54´N 79°16´W

Administrative Regions International Airport

38°55´N 77°40´E Markivka Rus. Markovka. Luhans’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 49°34´N 39°35´E Markleeville California, W USA 38°41´N 119°46´W Marknesse Flevoland, N Netherlands 52°44´N 05°54´E Markounda var. Marcounda. Ouham, NW Central African Republic 07°38´N 17°00´E Markovka see Markivka Markovo Chukotskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug, NE Russian Federation 64°43´N 170°13´E Marks Saratovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 51°40´N 46°44´E Marks Mississippi, S USA 34°15´N 90°16´W Marksville Louisiana, S USA 31°07´N 92°04´W Marktheidenfeld Bayern, C Germany 49°50´N 09°36´E Marktoberdorf Bayern, S Germany 47°45´N 10°36´E Marktredwitz Bayern, E Germany 50°N 12°04´E Markt-Übelbach see Übelbach

Mark Twain Lake d Missouri, C USA Markuleshty see Mărculeşti 101 E14 Marl Nordrhein-Westfalen, W Germany 51°38´N 07°06´E 182 E2 Marla South Australia 27 V3

27°19´S 133°35´E Marlborough Queensland, E Australia 22°55´S 150°07´E M22 Marlborough S England, United Kingdom 51°25´N 01°45´W I15 Marlborough off. Marlborough District. r unitary authority South Island, New Zealand Marlborough District see Marlborough P3 Marle Aisne, N France 49°44´N 03°47´E S8 Marlette Michigan, N USA 43°20´N 83°05´W T9 Marlin Texas, SW USA 31°20´N 96°55´W S5 Marlinton West Virginia, NE USA 38°14´N 80°06´W M12 Marlow Oklahoma, C USA 34°39´N 97°57´W E17 Marmagao Goa, W India 15°26´N 73°50´E Marmanda see Marmande L13 Marmande anc. Marmanda. Lot-et-Garonne, SW France 44°30´N 00°10´E C11 Marmara Balıkesir, NW Turkey 40°36´N 27°34´E D11 Marmara Denizi Eng. Sea of Marmara. sea NW Turkey N13 Marmaraereğlisi Tekirdağ, NW Turkey 40°59´N 27°57´E Marmara, Sea of see Marmara Denizi C16 Marmaris Muğla, SW Turkey 36°52´N 28°17´E J6 Marmarth North Dakota, N USA 46°17´N 103°55´W Q5 Marmet West Virginia, NE USA 38°12´N 81°31´W H5 Marmolada, Monte l N Italy 46°36´N 11°58´E M13 Marmolejo Andalucía, S Spain 38°03´N 04°10´W J14 Marmora Ontario, SE Canada 44°29´N 77°40´W Q14 Marmot Bay bay Alaska, USA Q4 Marne r department N France Q4 Marne j N France U10 Marneuli prev. Borchalo, Sarvani. S Georgia 41°28´N 44°45´E I13 Maro Moyen-Chari, S Chad 08°25´N 18°46´E L12 Maroa Amazonas, S Venezuela 02°40´N 67°33´W J3 Maroantsetra Toamasina, NE Madagascar 15°23´S 49°44´E W11 Marokau atoll Îles Tuamotu, C French Polynesia J5 Marolambo Toamasina, E Madagascar 20°03´S 48°08´E J2 Maromokotro l N Madagascar L16 Marondera prev. Marandellas. Mashonaland East, NE Zimbabwe 18°11´S 31°33´E X9 Maroni Dut. Marowijne. j French Guiana/Suriname V2 MaroochydoreMooloolaba Queensland, E Australia 26°36´S 153°04´E N14 Maros Sulawesi, C Indonesia 04°59´S 119°35´E H11 Maros var. Mureș, Mureșul, Ger. Marosch, Mieresch. j Hungary/Romania see also Mureś Marosch see Maros/Mureș Maroshevíz see Toplia Marosillye see Ilia Marosludas see Luduş Marosújvár/ Marosújvárakna see Ocna Mureş Marosvásárhely see Târgu Mureş V14 Marotiri var. Îlots de Bass, Morotiri. island group Îles Australes, SW French Polynesia G12 Maroua Extrême-Nord, N Cameroon 10°35´N 14°20´E X12 Marouini Rivier j SE Suriname I3 Marovoay Mahajanga, NW Madagascar 16°05´S 46°40´E W9 Marowijne r district NE Suriname Marowijne see Maroni Marqaköl see Markakol’, Ozero P8 Marquesas Fracture Zone tectonic feature E Pacific Ocean

181 Y8 97 185

103 31 25 21 26 155 102 136 136 114

136 28 21 106 104 14 39 103 103 137 78 54 172 191 172 172 83

55 183 171 116

191

78 55 172 55

53°23´N 00°21´W

123 O10 Markha j NE Russian Federation 12 H16 Markham Ontario, S Canada

28°57´N 96°04´W

Markham j C Papua New Guinea 195 Q11 Markham, Mount l Antarctica 82°58´S 163°30´E 110 M11 Marki Mazowieckie, C Poland 52°20´N 21°07´E 158 F8 Markit Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China

193

Mountain Mountain Range

Volcano River

Marquesas Islands see Marquises, Îles 23 W17 Marquesas Keys island group Florida, SE USA 29 Y12 Marquette Iowa, C USA 43°02´N 91°10´W

31 N3 Marquette Michigan, N USA 46°32´N 87°24´W

103 N1 Marquise Pas-de-Calais, N France 50°49´N 01°42´E 191 X7 Marquises, Îles Eng. Marquesas Islands. island group N French Polynesia 183 Q6 Marra Creek j New South Wales, SE Australia 80 B10 Marra Hills plateau W Sudan 80 B11 Marra, Jebel l W Sudan 74 E7

183 N15 182 I4 81 L17 83 N17 104 J17 183 N8 83 O14 182 D1 75 Y10

75 R8 81 J17 81 I17 107 H23

75 U7

65 G15 101 H15 11 R15 98 H7 103 R16

30 M11 76 J16 39 N11 27 U9 31 N14 31 Q10 29 S9 27 T4 21 O9 25 X6 189 S4

175 Q3

12°59´N 24°16´E

Marrakech var. Marakesh, Eng. Marrakesh; prev. Morocco. W Morocco 31°39´N 07°58´W Marrakesh see Marrakech Marrāt see Marāh Marrawah Tasmania, SE Australia 40°56´S 144°41´E Marree South Australia 29°40´S 138°06´E Marrehan m SW Somalia Marromeu Sofala, C Mozambique 18°18´S 35°58´E Marroquí, Punta headland SW Spain 36°01´N 05°39´W Marrowie Creek seasonal river New South Wales, SE Australia Marrupa Niassa, N Mozambique 13°10´S 37°30´E Marryat South Australia 26°22´S 133°22´E Marsā al ‘Alam var. Marsa ‘Alam. SE Egypt 25°03´N 33°44´E Marsa ‘Alam see Marsā al ‘Alam Marsá al Burayqah var. Al Burayqah. N Libya 30°21´N 19°37´E Marsabit Marsabit, N Kenya 02°20´N 37°59´E Marsabit r county N Kenya Marsala anc. Lilybaeum. Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 37°48´N 12°26´E Marsā Maṭroūḥ var. Maṭrûḥ; anc. Paraetonium. NW Egypt 31°21´N 27°15´E Marsaxlokk Bay see Il-Bajja ta’ Marsaxlokk Mars Bay bay Ascension Island, C Atlantic Ocean Marsberg NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 51°28´N 08°51´E Marsden Saskatchewan, S Canada 52°50´N 109°45´W Marsdiep strait NW Netherlands Marseille Eng. Marseilles; anc. Massilia. Bouchesdu-Rhône, SE France 43°19´N 05°22´E Marseille-Marigrane see Provence Marseilles Illinois, N USA 41°19´N 88°42´W Marseilles see Marseille Marshall W Liberia 06°10´N 10°23´W Marshall Alaska, USA 61°52´N 162°04´W Marshall Arkansas, C USA 35°54´N 92°40´W Marshall Illinois, N USA 39°23´N 87°41´W Marshall Michigan, N USA 42°16´N 84°57´W Marshall Minnesota, N USA 44°26´N 95°48´W Marshall Missouri, C USA 39°07´N 93°12´W Marshall North Carolina, SE USA 35°48´N 82°43´W Marshall Texas, SW USA 32°33´N 94°22´W Marshall Islands off. Republic of the Marshall Islands. b republic W Pacific Ocean Marshall Islands island group W Pacific Ocean

Marshall Islands, Republic of the see Marshall Islands 192 K6 Marshall Seamounts undersea feature SW Pacific Ocean 10°00´N 165°00´E 29 W13 Marshalltown Iowa, C USA 42°01´N 92°54´W

19 P12 Marshfield Massachusetts, NE USA 42°04´N 70°40´W 27 T7 Marshfield Missouri, C USA 30 K6 44 H1 19 S3 21 P9 22 H10 21 S11 15 W5 15 R8 95 O15 95 H24 95 I19 25 U8

107 Q19 169 T13 99 L23 114 L7 14 H10 11 T15

37°20´N 92°55´W Marshfield Wisconsin, N USA 44°41´N 90°12´W Marsh Harbour Great Abaco, W The Bahamas 26°31´N 77°03´W Mars Hill Maine, NE USA 46°31´N 67°51´W Mars Hill North Carolina, SE USA 35°49´N 82°33´W Marsh Island island Louisiana, S USA Marshville North Carolina, SE USA 34°59´N 80°22´W Marsoui Québec, SE Canada 49°12´N 65°58´W Mars, Rivière à j Québec, SE Canada Märsta Stockholm, C Sweden 59°37´N 17°52´E Marstal Syddtjylland, C Denmark 54°52´N 10°32´E Marstrand Västra Götaland, S Sweden 57°54´N 11°31´E Mart Texas, SW USA 31°32´N 96°49´W Martaban see Mottama Martaban, Gulf of see Mottama, Gulf of Martano Puglia, SE Italy 40°12´N 18°19´E Martapoera see Martapura Martapura prev. Martapoera. Borneo, C Indonesia 03°25´S 114°51´E Martelange Luxembourg, SE Belgium 49°50´N 05°43´E Marten Ruse, N Bulgaria 43°57´N 26°08´E Marten River Ontario, S Canada 46°43´N 79°45´W Martensville Saskatchewan, S Canada 52°15´N 106°42´W Marteskirch see Târnăveni Martes Tolosane see Martres-Tolosane

Lake Reservoir

115 K25 Mártha Kríti, Greece, E Mediterranean Sea 35°03´N 25°22´E

183 Q6 Marthaguy Creek j New South Wales, SE Australia 19 P13 Martha’s Vineyard island Massachusetts, NE USA 108 C11 Martigny Valais, SW Switzerland 46°06´N 07°04´E

103 R16 Martigues Bouchesdu-Rhône, SE France 43°24´N 05°03´E

111 J19 Martin Ger. Sankt Martin, Hung. Turócszentmárton; prev. Turčianský Svätý Martin. Zílinský Kraj, N Slovakia 49°03´N 18°54´E

28 L11 Martin South Dakota, N USA 43°10´N 101°43´W

20 G8 Martin Tennessee, S USA 36°20´N 88°51´W

105 S7 Martín j E Spain 107 P18 Martina Franca Puglia, SE Italy 40°42´N 17°20´E 185 M14 Martinborough Wellington, North Island, New Zealand 41°12´S 175°28´E

25 S11 Martindale Texas, SW USA 29°49´N 97°49´W

35 N8 Martinez California, W USA 23 V3

38°00´N 122°12´W

Martinez Georgia, SE USA 33°31´N 82°04´W

41 Q13 Martínez de La Torre Veracruz-Llave, E Mexico 20°05´N 97°02´W

45 Y12 Martinique p French overseas department E West Indies 1 O15 Martinique island E West Indies Martinique Channel see Martinique Passage 45 X12 Martinique Passage var. Dominica Channel, Martinique Channel. channel Dominica/Martinique 23 Q5 Martin Lake d Alabama, S USA 115 G18 Martíno prev. Martínon. Stereá Elláda, C Greece 38°34´N 23°13´E

Martínon see Martíno 194 J11 Martin Peninsula peninsula Antarctica 39 S5 Martin Point headland Alaska, USA 109 V3

70°06´N 143°04´W

Martinsberg Niederösterreich, NE Austria 48°23´N 15°09´E

Martinsburg West Virginia, NE USA 39°28´N 77°59´W 31 V13 Martins Ferry Ohio, N USA 21 V3

40°06´N 80°43´W

Martinskirch see Târnăveni 31 O14 Martinsville Indiana, N USA 39°25´N 86°25´W

Martinsville Virginia, NE USA 36°43´N 79°53´W 65 K16 Martin Vaz, Ilhas island group E Brazil 144 I9 Martok prev. Martuk. Aktyubinsk, NW Kazakhstan 21 S8

50°45´N 56°30´E

184 M12 Marton ManawatuWanganui, North Island, New Zealand 40°05´S 175°22´E 105 N13 Martos Andalucía, S Spain 37°44´N 03°58´W

102 M16 Martres-Tolosane var. Martes Tolosane. Haute-Garonne, S France 43°13´N 01°00´E

92 M11 Martti Lappi, NE Finland 67°28´N 28°20´E

Martuk see Martok 137 U12 Martuni E Armenia 40°07´N 45°20´E

58 L11 Marudá Pará, E Brazil 169 V6 149 O8 164 H13 185 H16 98 M6

05°25´S 49°04´W

Marudu, Teluk bay East Malaysia Ma‘rūf Kandahār, SE Afghanistan 31°34´N 67°06´E Marugame Kagawa, Shikoku, SW Japan 34°17´N 133°46´E Maruia j South Island, New Zealand Marum Groningen, NE Netherlands 53°07´N 06°16´E

187 R13 Marum, Mount l Ambrym, C Vanuatu 16°15´S 168°07´E 79 P23 Marungu m SE Dem. Rep. Congo 191 Y12 Marutea atoll Groupe Actéon, C French Polynesia 143 O11 Marv Dasht var. Mervdasht. Fārs, S Iran 29°50´N 52°40´E 103 P13 Marvejols Lozère, S France 44°35´N 03°16´E

27 X12 Marvell Arkansas, C USA 34°33´N 90°52´W

Marvine, Mount l Utah, W USA 38°40´N 111°38´W 139 Q7 Marwānīyah Al Anbār, C Iraq 33°58´N 42°31´E 152 F13 Mārwār var. Kharchi, Marwar Junction. Rājasthān, N India 25°41´N 73°42´E Marwar Junction see Mārwār 11 R14 Marwayne Alberta, SW Canada 53°30´N 110°25´W 146 I14 Mary prev. Merv. Mary Welaýaty, S Turkmenistan 36 L6

37°25´N 61°48´E

Mary see Mary Welaýaty Maryborough Queensland, E Australia 25°32´S 152°36´E 182 M11 Maryborough Victoria, SE Australia 37°05´S 143°47´E Maryborough see Port Laoise 83 G23 Marydale Northern Cape, W South Africa 29°25´S 22°06´E 117 W8 Mar”yinka Donets’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 181 Z9

47°57´N 37°27´E

Mary Island see Kanton 21 W4 Maryland off. State of Maryland, also known as America in Miniature, Cockade State, Free State, Old Line State. r state NE USA Maryland, State of see Maryland 25 P7 Maryneal Texas, SW USA 32°12´N 100°25´W

97 J15 Maryport NW England, United Kingdom 54°45´N 03°28´W

13 U13 Marystown Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, SE Canada 47°10´N 55°10´W 36 K6 Marysvale Utah, W USA 38°26´N 112°14´W

285

Marysville – Mbout 35 O6 Marysville California, W USA 39°07´N 121°35´W 27 O3 Marysville Kansas, C USA

185 B25 Mason Bay bay Stewart Island, New Zealand 30 K13 Mason City Illinois, N USA

31 S13 Marysville Michigan, N USA

29 V12 Mason City Iowa, C USA

39°48´N 96°37´W

42°54´N 82°29´W 31 S9 Marysville Ohio, NE USA 40°13´N 83°22´W 32 H7 Marysville Washington, NW USA 48°03´N 122°10´W 27 R2 Maryville Missouri, C USA 40°20´N 94°53´W 21 N9 Maryville Tennessee, S USA 35°45´N 83°59´W 146 I15 Mary Welaýaty var. Mary, Rus. Maryyskiy Velayat. r province S Turkmenistan Maryyskiy Velayat see Mary Welaýaty Marzūq see Murzuq 42 J11 Masachapa var. Puerto Masachapa. Managua, W Nicaragua 11°47´N 86°31´W

81 G19 Masai Mara National Reserve reserve SW Kenya 81 I21 Masai Steppe grassland NW Tanzania 81 F19 Masaka SW Uganda 0°20´S 31°46´E

169 T15 Masalembo Besar, Pulau island S Indonesia 137 Y13 Masallı Rus. Masally. S Azerbaijan 39°03´N 48°39´E Masally see Masallı 171 N13 Masamba Sulawesi, C Indonesia 02°33´S 120°20´E Masampo see Masan 163 Y16 Masan prev. Masampo. S South Korea 35°11´N 128°36´E Masandam Peninsula see Musandam Peninsula 81 J25 Masasi Mtwara, SE Tanzania 10°43´S 38°48´E

Masawa/Massawa see Mĭts’ĭwa 42 J10 Masaya Masaya, W Nicaragua 11°59´N 86°06´W

42 J10 Masaya r department W Nicaragua 171 P5 Masbate Masbate, N Philippines 12°21´N 123°34´E 171 P5 Masbate island C Philippines 74 I6 Mascara var. Mouaskar. NW Algeria 35°20´N 00°09´E 173 O7 Mascarene Basin undersea feature W Indian Ocean 15°00´S 56°00´E

173 O9 Mascarene Islands island group W Indian Ocean 173 N9 Mascarene Plain undersea feature W Indian Ocean 19°00´S 52°00´E

173 O7 Mascarene Plateau undersea feature W Indian Ocean 10°00´S 60°00´E

194 H5 Mascart, Cape headland Adelaide Island, Antarctica 62 J10 Mascasín, Salinas de salt lake C Argentina 40 K13 Mascota Jalisco, C Mexico 15 O12 124 J9 83 J23 83 J23 160 K14 83 K17 143 U4 165 S3 83 K20

149 N14 143 X13 148 K12

83 K15 83 K16 83 J16 141 S14 79 I21

20°31´N 104°46´W Mascouche Québec, SE Canada 45°46´N 73°37´W Masel’gskaya Respublika Kareliya, NW Russian Federation 63°09´N 34°22´E Maseru a (Lesotho) W Lesotho 29°21´S 27°35´E Maseru k W Lesotho 29°27´S 27°37´E Mashaba see Mashava Mashan var. Baishan. Guangxi Zhuangzu Zizhiqu, S China 23°40´N 108°10´E Mashava prev. Mashaba. Masvingo, SE Zimbabwe 20°03´S 30°29´E Mashhad var. Meshed. Khorāsān-e Raẕavī, NE Iran 36°16´N 59°34´E Mashike Hokkaidō, NE Japan 43°51´N 141°30´E Mashishing prev. Lydenburg. Mpumalanga, NE South Africa 25°10´S 30°29´E Mashīz see Bardsīr Mashkai j SW Pakistan Māshkel var. Rūd-i Māshkel, Rūd-e Māshkīd. j Iran/ Pakistan Māshkel, Hāmūn-i salt marsh SW Pakistan

Māshkel, Rūd-i/Māshkīd, Rūd-e see Māshkel Mashonaland Central r province N Zimbabwe Mashonaland East r province NE Zimbabwe Mashonaland West r province NW Zimbabwe Mashtagi see Maştağa Masīlah, Wādī al dry watercourse SE Yemen Masi-Manimba Bandundu, SW Dem. Rep. Congo 04°47´S 17°54´E

81 F17 Masindi W Uganda 01°41´N 31°45´E

81 I19 Masinga Reservoir d S Kenya Masīra see Maşīrah, Jazīrat Masira, Gulf of see Maşīrah, Khalīj 141 Y10 Maşīrah, Jazīrat var. Masīra. island E Oman 141 Y10 Maşīrah, Khalīj var. Gulf of Masira. bay E Oman Masis see Büyükağrı Dağı 79 O19 Masisi Nord-Kivu, E Dem. Rep. Congo 01°25´S 28°50´E Masjed-e Soleymān see Masjed Soleymān 142 L9 Masjed Soleymān var. Masjed-e Soleymān, Masjid-i Sulaiman. Khūzestān, SW Iran 31°59´N 49°18´E Masjid-i Sulaiman see Masjed Soleymān Maskat see Masqaţ 139 Q7 Maskhān Al Anbār, C Iraq 33°41´N 42°46´E 141 X8 Maskin var. Miskin. NW Oman 23°28´N 56°46´E 97 B17 Mask, Lough Ir. Loch Measca. c W Ireland 114 N10 Maslen Nos headland E Bulgaria 42°19´N 27°47´E

172 K3

Masoala, Tanjona headland NE Madagascar

15°59´N 50°13´E Masohi see Amahai 31 Q9 Mason Michigan, N USA 42°33´N 84°25´W 31 R14 Mason Ohio, N USA 39°21´N 84°18´W 25 Q10 Mason Texas, SW USA 30°45´N 99°15´W 21 P4 Mason West Virginia, NE USA 39°01´N 82°01´W

286

18 B16 141 Y8 106 E10 18 M11

19 P11 35 R2 107 O18 108 G11 78 G11 78 G10 78 H11 106 F13 82 B11 83 M18 80 K9 18 J6 78 H11 10 I13 102 L16 14 E11 103 P12 103 P12

31 U12 77 N12 83 N19 83 L20 195 Z10 137 Z11

184 M13 18 M14 149 O10 119 J20 119 G17 164 F12 92 J11 83 K17

83 K18 138 H5 110 E9 83 I17 83 J18 82 O13 14 G8 163 Q8

41 P15 Matamoros var. Izúcar de Matamoros. Puebla, S Mexico

40°12´N 89°42´W

41 Q8

43°09´N 93°12´W Masontown Pennsylvania, NE USA 39°49´N 79°53´W Masqaţ var. Maskat, Eng. Muscat. a (Oman) NE Oman 23°35´N 58°36´E Massa Toscana, C Italy 44°02´N 10°07´E Massachusetts off. Commonwealth of Massachusetts, also known as Bay State, Old Bay State, Old Colony State. r state NE USA Massachusetts Bay bay Massachusetts, NE USA Massacre Lake c Nevada, W USA Massafra Puglia, SE Italy 40°35´N 17°08´E Massagno Ticino, S Switzerland 46°01´N 08°55´E Massaguet Hadjer-Lamis, W Chad 12°28´N 15°26´E Massakori see Massakory Massakory var. Massakori; prev. Dagana. Hadjer-Lamis, W Chad 13°02´N 15°43´E Massalassef Hadjer-Lamis, SW Chad 11°37´N 17°09´E Massa Marittima Toscana, C Italy 43°03´N 10°55´E Massangano Kwanza Norte, NW Angola 09°40´S 14°13´E Massangena Gaza, S Mozambique 21°34´S 32°57´E Massawa Channel channel E Eritrea Massena New York, NE USA 44°55´N 74°53´W Massenya Chari-Baguirmi, SW Chad 11°21´N 16°09´E Masset Graham Island, British Columbia, SW Canada 54°00´N 132°09´W Masseube Gers, S France 43°26´N 00°33´E Massey Ontario, S Canada 46°13´N 82°06´W Massiac Cantal, C France 45°16´N 03°13´E Massif Central plateau C France Massif de L’Isalo see Isalo Massilia see Marseille Massillon Ohio, N USA 40°48´N 81°31´W Massina Ségou, W Mali 13°58´N 05°24´W Massinga Inhambane, SE Mozambique 23°20´S 35°25´E Massingir Gaza, SW Mozambique 23°51´S 31°58´E Masson Island island Antarctica Massoukou see Franceville Maştağa Rus. Mashtagi, Mastaga. E Azerbaijan 40°31´N 50°01´E Mastanli see Momchilgrad Masterton Wellington, North Island, New Zealand 40°56´S 175°40´E Mastic Long Island, New York, NE USA 40°48´N 72°50´W Mastung Baluchistān, SW Pakistan 29°44´N 66°56´E Mastva Rus. Mostva. j SW Belarus Masty Rus. Mosty. Hrodzyenskaya Voblasts’, W Belarus 53°25´N 24°32´E Masuda Shimane, Honshū, SW Japan 34°40´N 131°50´E Masugnsbyn Norrbotten, N Sweden 67°28´N 22°01´E Masuku see Franceville Masvingo prev. Fort Victoria, Nyanda, Victoria. Masvingo, SE Zimbabwe 20°05´S 30°50´E Masvingo prev. Victoria. r province SE Zimbabwe Maşyāf Fr. Misiaf. Ḩamāh, C Syria 35°04´N 36°21´E

75 S13

Maszewo Zachodniopomorskie, NW Poland 53°29´N 15°01´E Matabeleland North r province W Zimbabwe Matabeleland South r province S Zimbabwe Mataca Niassa, N Mozambique 12°27´S 36°13´E Matachewan Ontario, S Canada 47°58´N 80°37´W Matad var. Dzüünbulag. Dornod, E Mongolia

82 J12 81 J24 15 V6 15 V6 77 S12 39 R11 54 G7 44 D4 15 V7 15 V6 190 B17 190 D12 62 G12 155 K26 115 D18 171 K16 181 Q3 105 W6 184 O8 192 K16 185 D24 185 D24 192 H16 190 G11

190 G12 191 P7 190 I16 191 V16 191 V17 184 P9 15 O10 145 V13 14 K8 41 O10 45 V13 83 M15 107 O18 111 O21 93 H17 102 K11 0

F15

21 X6 25 S14 152 J11

171 R7

46°48´N 115°21´E

79 F22 Matadi Bas-Congo, W Dem. Rep. Congo 05°49´S 13°31´E 25 O4 Matador Texas, SW USA 34°01´N 100°50´W

Matagalpa Matagalpa, C Nicaragua 12°53´N 85°56´W 42 K9 Matagalpa r department W Nicaragua 12 I12 Matagami Québec, S Canada 42 J9

49°47´N 77°38´W 25 U13 Matagorda Texas, SW USA 28°40´N 96°57´W 25 U13 Matagorda Bay inlet Texas, SW USA 25 U14 Matagorda Island island Texas, SW USA

25 V13 Matagorda Peninsula headland Texas, SW USA 191 Q8 191 T9 183 O7 184 N7 83 C15 190 G12 155 K25 190 E12 76 I10 184 M8 77 V12 40 L8

28°34´N 96°01´W Mataiea Tahiti, W French Polynesia 17°46´S 149°25´W Mataiva atoll Îles Tuamotu, C French Polynesia Matakana New South Wales, SE Australia 32°59´S 145°53´E Matakana Island island NE New Zealand Matala Huíla, SW Angola 14°45´S 15°02´E Matala‘a Pointe headland Île Uvea, N Wallis and Futuna 13°20´S 176°08´W Matale Central Province, C Sri Lanka 07°29´N 80°38´E Matalesina, Pointe headland Île Alofi, W Wallis and Futuna Matam NE Senegal 15°40´N 13°18´W Matamata Waikato, North Island, New Zealand 37°49´S 175°45´E Matamey Zinder, S Niger 13°27´N 08°27´E Matamoros Coahuila, NE Mexico 25°34´N 103°13´W

Country Country Capital

149 Q15 41 S16 43 O13 14 D10 19 R8

113 K19 149 Q16 97 M18 59 F18

59 G17 60 H8

59 I18 83 L21 104 G6

55 Z10 111 L21

18°38´N 98°30´W Matamoros Tamaulipas, C Mexico 25°50´N 97°31´W Ma‘ţan as Sārah SE Libya 21°45´N 21°55´E Matanda Luapula, N Zambia 11°24´S 28°25´E Matandu j S Tanzania Matane Québec, SE Canada 48°50´N 67°31´W Matane j Québec, SE Canada Matankari Dosso, SW Niger 13°39´N 04°03´E Matanuska River j Alaska, USA Matanza Santander, N Colombia 07°22´N 73°02´W Matanzas Matanzas, NW Cuba 23°N 81°32´W Matapédia j Québec, SE Canada Matapédia, Lac c Québec, SE Canada Mata Point headland SE Niue 19°07´S 169°51´E Matapu, Pointe headland Île Futuna, W Wallis and Futuna Mataquito, Río j C Chile Matara Southern Province, S Sri Lanka 05°58´N 80°33´E Matarágka var. Mataránga. Dytikí Elláda, C Greece 38°32´N 21°28´E Mataram Pulau Lombok, C Indonesia 08°36´S 116°07´E Mataránga see Matarágka Mataranka Northern Territory, N Australia 14°55´S 133°03´E Mataró anc. Illuro. Cataluña, E Spain 41°32´N 02°27´E Matata Bay of Plenty, North Island, New Zealand 37°54´S 176°45´E Matātula, Cape headland Tutuila, W American Samoa 14°15´S 170°35´W Mataura Southland, South Island, New Zealand 46°12´S 168°53´E Mataura j South Island, New Zealand Mata Uta see Matā‘utu Matāutu Upolu, C Samoa 13°57´S 171°55´W Matā‘utu var. Mata Uta. q (Wallis and Futuna) Île Uvea, Wallis and Futuna 13°22´S 176°12´W Matā‘utu, Baie de bay Île Uvea, Wallis and Futuna Matavai, Baie de bay Tahiti, W French Polynesia Matavera Rarotonga, S Cook Islands 21°13´S 159°44´W Mataveri Easter Island, Chile, E Pacific Ocean 27°10´S 109°27´W Mataveri k (Easter Island) Easter Island, Chile, E Pacific Ocean 27°10´S 109°27´W Matawai Gisborne, North Island, New Zealand 38°23´S 177°31´E Matawin j Québec, SE Canada Matay Almaty, SE Kazakhstan 45°53´N 78°45´E

Matchi-Manitou, Lac c Québec, SE Canada Matehuala San Luis Potosí, C Mexico 23°40´N 100°40´W Matelot Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago 10°48´N 61°06´W Matenge Tete, NW Mozambique 15°22´S 33°47´E Matera Basilicata, S Italy 40°39´N 16°35´E Mátészalka SzabolcsSzatmár-Bereg, E Hungary 47°58´N 22°17´E Matfors Västernorrland, C Sweden 62°21´N 17°02´E Matha Charente-Maritime, W France 45°50´N 00°13´W Mathematicians Seamounts undersea feature E Pacific Ocean 15°00´N 111°00´W Mathews Virginia, NE USA 37°26´N 76°20´W Mathis Texas, SW USA 28°05´N 97°49´W Mathura prev. Muttra. Uttar Pradesh, N India 27°30´N 77°42´E Mathurai see Madurai Mati Mindanao, S Philippines 06°58´N 126°11´E Matianus see Orūmīyeh, Daryācheh-ye Matiara see Matiāri Matiāri var. Matiara. Sind, SE Pakistan 25°38´N 68°29´E Matías Romero Oaxaca, SE Mexico 16°53´N 95°02´W Matina Limón, E Costa Rica 10°06´N 83°18´W Matinenda Lake c Ontario, S Canada Matinicus Island island Maine, NE USA Matisco/Matisco Ædourum see Mâcon Matit, Lumi i j NW Albania Mātli Sind, SE Pakistan 25°06´N 68°37´E Matlock C England, United Kingdom 53°08´N 01°32´W Mato Grosso prev. Vila Bela da Santissima Trindade. Mato Grosso, W Brazil 14°53´S 59°58´W Mato Grosso off. Estado de Mato Grosso; prev. Matto Grosso. r state W Brazil Mato Grosso do Sul off. Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. r state S Brazil Mato Grosso do Sul, Estado de see Mato Grosso do Sul Mato Grosso, Estado de see Mato Grosso Mato Grosso, Planalto de plateau C Brazil Matola Maputo, S Mozambique 25°57´S 32°27´E Matosinhos prev. Matozinhos. Porto, NW Portugal 41°11´N 08°42´W Matou see Pingguo Matoury NE French Guiana 04°49´N 52°17´W Matozinhos see Matosinhos Mátra m N Hungary

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

Maţraḩ var. Mutrah. NE Oman 23°35´N 58°31´E 116 L12 Mătraşeşti Vrancea, E Romania 45°53´N 27°14´E 108 M8 Matrei am Brenner Tirol, W Austria 47°09´N 11°28´E 109 P8 Matrei in Osttirol Tirol, W Austria 47°04´N 12°31´E 76 I15 Matru SW Sierra Leone 141 Y8

165 U16 161 S12 164 G12 165 Q6 164 M12 164 K14

164 F14

164 M14 14 F8 14 F8 62 K12 21 Y9 21 W6 14 I11 14 I11 19 S5 19 S4 108 D11

32 L12 35 W1

35 R8 109 Y5 108 E11 55 R7 44 K7 109 Q4 107 N16 141 T9 18 M14 164 L11

30 M14 57 L16 169 R9 57 E14 187 Y15 112 B9

55 P5

126 K11

127 O8 153 O13 83 O14 102 M17

103 Q2 166 L8 152 L13 183 N9 195 P3 65 N22 109 Q4

188 K2 103 Q15 193 N5

07°37´N 12°08´W Maṭrûḥ see Marsā Maṭroūḥ Matsubara var. Matubara. Kagoshima, Tokuno-shima, SW Japan 32°58´N 129°56´E Matsu Dao var. Mazu Tao; prev. Matsu Tao. island NW Taiwan Matsue var. Matsuye, Matue. Shimane, Honshū, SW Japan 35°27´N 133°04´E Matsumae Hokkaidō, NE Japan 41°27´N 140°04´E Matsumoto var. Matumoto. Nagano, Honshū, S Japan 36°18´N 137°58´E Matsusaka var. Matsuzaka, Matusaka. Mie, Honshū, SW Japan 34°33´N 136°31´E Matsu Tao see Matsu Dao Matsutō see Mattō Matsuyama var. Matuyama. Ehime, Shikoku, SW Japan 33°50´N 132°47´E Matsuye see Matsue Matsuzaka see Matsusaka Matsuzaki Shizuoka, Honshū, S Japan 34°43´N 138°45´E Mattagami j Ontario, S Canada Mattagami Lake c Ontario, S Canada Mattaldi Córdoba, C Argentina 34°26´S 64°14´W

Mattamuskeet, Lake c North Carolina, SE USA Mattaponi River j Virginia, NE USA Mattawa Ontario, SE Canada 46°19´N 78°42´W Mattawa j Ontario, SE Canada Mattawamkeag Maine, NE USA 45°30´N 68°20´W Mattawamkeag Lake c Maine, NE USA Matterhorn It. Monte Cervino. l Italy/Switzerland 45°58´N 07°36´E see also Cervino, Monte Matterhorn var. Sacajawea Peak. l Oregon, NW USA 45°12´N 117°18´W Matterhorn l Nevada, W USA 41°48´N 115°22´W Matterhorn see Cervino, Monte Matterhorn Peak l California, W USA 38°06´N 119°19´W Mattersburg Burgenland, E Austria 47°45´N 16°24´E Matter Vispa j S Switzerland Matthews Ridge N Guyana 07°30´N 60°07´W Matthew Town Great Inagua, S The Bahamas 20°56´N 73°41´W Mattighofen Oberösterreich, NW Austria 48°07´N 13°09´E Mattinata Puglia, SE Italy 41°41´N 16°01´E Maţţī, Sabkhat salt flat Saudi Arabia/United Arab Emirates Mattituck Long Island, New York, NE USA 40°59´N 72°31´W Mattō var. Hakusan, Matsutō. Ishikawa, Honshū, SW Japan 36°31´N 136°34´E Matto Grosso see Mato Grosso Mattoon Illinois, N USA 39°28´N 88°22´W Mattos, Río j C Bolivia Mattu see Metu Matu Sarawak, East Malaysia 02°39´N 111°31´E Matubara see Matsubara Matucana Lima, W Peru 11°54´S 76°25´W Matue see Matsue Matuku island S Fiji Matulji Primorje-Gorski Kotar, NW Croatia 45°21´N 14°18´E Matumoto see Matsumoto Maturín Monagas, NE Venezuela 09°45´N 63°10´W Matusaka see Matsusaka Matuyama see Matsuyama Matveyev Kurgan Rostovskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 47°31´N 38°55´E Matyshevo Volgogradskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 50°53´N 44°09´E Mau var. Maunāth Bhanjan. Uttar Pradesh, N India 25°57´N 83°33´E Maúa Niassa, N Mozambique 13°53´S 37°10´E Maubermé, Pic de var. Tuc de Moubermé, Sp. Pico Mauberme; prev. Tuc de Maubermé. l France/ Spain 42°48´N 00°54´E see also Moubermé, Tuc de Maubermé, Pic de see Moubermé, Tuc de Mauberme, Pico see Maubermé, Pic de/Moubermé, Tuc de Maubermé, Tuc de see Maubermé, Pic de/Moubermé, Tuc de Maubeuge Nord, N France 50°16´N 04°00´E Maubin Ayeyawady, SW Myanmar (Burma) 16°44´N 95°37´E Maudaha Uttar Pradesh, N India 25°41´N 80°07´E Maude New South Wales, SE Australia 34°30´S 144°20´E Maudheimvidda physical region Antarctica Maud Rise undersea feature S Atlantic Ocean Mauerkirchen Oberösterreich, NW Austria 48°11´N 13°08´E Mauersee see Mamry, Jezioro Maug Islands island group N Northern Mariana Islands Mauguio Hérault, S France 43°37´N 04°01´E Maui island Hawai‘i, USA, C Pacific Ocean

Administrative Regions International Airport

190 M16 Mauke atoll S Cook Islands 62 G13 Maule var. Región del Maule. r region C Chile 102 J9 Mauléon Deux-Sèvres, W France 46°55´N 00°45´W 102 J16 Mauléon-Licharre PyrénéesAtlantiques, SW France 43°14´N 00°51´W

Maule, Región del see Maule 62 G13 Maule, Río j C Chile 63 G17 Maullín Los Lagos, S Chile 41°38´S 73°35´W

45 R6 79 G20 37 V8 143 R4 42 F3

31 R11 Maumee Ohio, N USA

44 I7

31 Q12 Maumee River j Indiana/ Ohio, N USA 27 U11 Maumelle Arkansas, C USA

18 I17

41°34´N 83°40´W

34°51´N 92°24´W

27 T11 Maumelle, Lake d Arkansas, C USA 171 O16 Maumere prev. Maoemere. Flores, S Indonesia 08°35´S 122°13´E

83 G17 Maun NorthWest, C Botswana 20°01´S 23°28´E

Maunāth Bhanjan see Mau Maunawai see Waimea 190 H16 Maungaroa l Rarotonga, S Cook Islands 21°13´S 159°48´W

184 K3

Maungatapere Northland, North Island, New Zealand

184 K4

Maungaturoto Northland, North Island, New Zealand

166 J5

Maungdaw var. Zullapara. Rakhine State, W Myanmar (Burma) 20°51´N 92°23´E Maupiti var. Maurua. island Îles Sous le Vent, W French Polynesia Mau Rānīpur Uttar Pradesh, N India 25°14´N 79°07´E Maurepas, Lake c Louisiana, S USA Maures m SE France Mauriac Cantal, C France

191 R10 152 K14 22 K9 103 T16 103 O12

173 102 103

80 O12

102 K6 102 J6

36°06´S 174°21´E

102 J7 36 K12

45°13´N 02°21´E

30°13´N 93°52´W 98 K12 Maurik Gelderland, C Netherlands 51°57´N 05°25´E 76 H8 Mauritania off. Islamic Republic of Mauritania, Ar. Mūrītānīyah. b republic W Africa

128

138 I2

35°46´S 174°10´E

Maurice see Mauritius 65 J20 Maurice Ewing Bank undersea feature SW Atlantic Ocean 51°00´S 43°00´W 182 C4 Maurice, Lake salt lake South Australia 18 I17 Maurice River j New Jersey, NE USA 25 Y10 Mauriceville Texas, SW USA

173

80 J11

Mauritania, Islamic Republic of see Mauritania W15 Mauritius off. Republic of Mauritius, Fr. Maurice. b republic W Indian Ocean M17 Mauritius island W Indian Ocean Mauritius, Republic of see Mauritius N9 Mauritius Trench undersea feature W Indian Ocean H6 Mauron Morbihan, NW France 48°06´N 02°16´W N13 Maurs Cantal, C France 44°45´N 02°12´E Maurua see Maupiti

Maury Mid-Ocean Channel see Maury Seachannel 64 L6 Maury Seachannel var. Maury Mid-Ocean Channel. undersea feature N Atlantic Ocean 56°33´N 24°00´W 30 K8 Mauston Wisconsin, N USA 43°46´N 90°06´W Mauterndorf Salzburg, NW Austria 47°09´N 13°39´E 109 T4 Mauthausen Oberösterreich, N Austria 48°13´N 14°30´E 109 Q9 Mauthen Kärnten, S Austria 46°39´N 12°58´E 83 F15 Mavinga Kuando Kubango, SE Angola 15°44´S 20°21´E 83 M17 Mavita Manica, W Mozambique 19°31´S 33°09´E

109 R8

115 K22 Mavrópetra, Akrotírio headland Santoríni, Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea 36°28´N 25°22´E

22 J4 11 P14 21 S12 185 G19 33 N14 20 G7 36 L5 37 T14 145 T9 126 L14

147 T9

144 L14

123 V7 127 Q5 21 N8 14 J13 10 I6 23 U9 97 B16 78 G12

78 G13

79 F19 171 P4

115 F16 Mavrovoúni l C Greece

61 A24

184 Q8 Mawhai Point headland North Island, New Zealand

104 L4

39°37´N 22°45´E

38°08´S 178°24´E Mawlaik Sagaing, C Myanmar (Burma) 23°40´N 94°26´E Mawlamyaing see Mawlamyine M9 Mawlamyine var. Mawlamyaing, Moulmein. Mon State, S Myanmar (Burma) 16°30´N 97°39´E L8 Mawlamyinegyunn var. Moulmeingyun. Ayeyawady, SW Myanmar (Burma) 16°24´N 95°15´E N14 Mawr, Wādī dry watercourse NW Yemen Mawşil, Al see Nīnawá X5 Mawson Australian research station Antarctica 67°24´S 63°16´E X5 Mawson Coast physical region Antarctica M4 Max North Dakota, N USA 47°48´N 101°18´W W12 Maxcanú Yucatán, SE Mexico 20°35´N 90°00´W Maxesibebi see Mount Ayliff Q5 Maxglan k (Salzburg) Salzburg, W Austria 47°46´N 13°00´E K16 Maxmo Fin. Maksamaa. Österbotten, W Finland 63°13´N 22°04´E T11 Maxton North Carolina, SE USA 34°47´N 79°34´W R8 May Texas, SW USA 31°58´N 98°54´W B6 May j NW Papua New Guinea R10 Maya j E Russian Federation Q19 Māyābandar Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India, E Indian Ocean 12°43´N 92°52´E Mayadin see Al Mayādīn L5 Mayaguana island SE The Bahamas L5 Mayaguana Passage passage SE The Bahamas S6 Mayagüez W Puerto Rico 18°12´N 67°08´W

166 L3

166

166

141 195 195 28 41 109 93 21 25 186 123 151

44 44 45

Mountain Mountain Range

184 N6

173 I14 44 J13 171 O1 109 N8 186 A6 139 Y10

123 R13 127 O15

145 U9 18 J17 21 N4 27 R2 79 D20 31 S8 18 C11 29 Q4

Volcano River

Mayagüez, Bahía de bay W Puerto Rico Mayals see Maials Mayama Pool, SE Congo 03°50´S 14°52´E Maya, Mesa De l Colorado, C USA 37°06´N 103°30´W Mayamey Semnān, N Iran 36°50´N 55°50´E Maya Mountains Sp. Montañas Mayas. m Belize/ Guatemala Mayarí Holguín, E Cuba 20°41´N 75°42´W Mayas, Montañas see Maya Mountains May, Cape headland New Jersey, NE USA 38°55´N 74°57´W Maych’ew var. Mai Chio, It. Mai Ceu. Tigray, N Ethiopia 12°55´N 39°30´E Maydān Ikbiz Ḩalab, N Syria 36°51´N 36°40´E Maydān Shahr see Maīdān Shahr Maydh Sanaag, N Somalia 10°57´N 47°07´E Maydī see Mīdī Mayebashi see Maebashi Mayence see Mainz Mayenne Mayenne, NW France 48°18´N 00°37´W Mayenne r department NW France Mayenne j N France Mayer Arizona, SW USA 34°25´N 112°15´W Mayersville Mississippi, S USA 32°54´N 91°04´W Mayerthorpe Alberta, SW Canada 53°59´N 115°06´W Mayesville South Carolina, SE USA 34°00´N 80°10´W Mayfield Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand 43°50´S 171°24´E Mayfield Idaho, NW USA 43°24´N 115°56´W Mayfield Kentucky, S USA 36°45´N 88°40´W Mayfield Utah, W USA 39°06´N 111°42´W Mayhan see Sant Mayhill New Mexico, SW USA 32°52´N 105°28´W Maykain see Maykayyn Maykayyn prev. Maykain Kaz. Mayqayyng. Pavlodar, NE Kazakhstan 51°27´N 75°52´E Maykop Respublika Adygeya, SW Russian Federation 44°36´N 40°07´E Maylibash see Maylybas Mayli-Say see Mayluu-Suu Mayluu-Suu prev. Mayli-Say, Kir. Mayly-Say. Dzhalal-Abadskaya Oblast’, W Kyrgyzstan 41°16´N 72°27´E Maylybas prev. Maylibash. Kzylorda, S Kazakhstan 45°51´N 62°37´E Mayly-Say see Mayluu-Suu Maymana see Maīmanah Maymyo see Pyin-Oo-Lwin Mayn j NE Russian Federation Mayna Ul’yanovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 54°04´N 47°20´E Maynardville Tennessee, S USA 36°15´N 83°48´W Maynooth Ontario, SE Canada 45°14´N 77°54´W Mayo Yukon, NW Canada 63°37´N 135°48´W Mayo Florida, SE USA 30°03´N 83°10´W Mayo Ir. Maigh Eo. cultural region W Ireland Mayo see Maio Mayo-Kébbi Est off. Région du Mayo-Kébbi Est. r region SW Chad Mayo-Kébbi Est, Région du see Mayo-Kébbi Est Mayo-Kébbi Ouest off. Région du mayo-Kébbi Ouest. r region SW Chad Mayo-Kébbi Ouest, Région du see Mayo-Kébbi Ouest Mayoko Niari, SW Congo 02°19´S 12°47´E Mayon Volcano i Luzon, N Philippines 13°15´N 123°41´E Mayor Buratovich Buenos Aires, E Argentina 39°15´S 62°35´W Mayorga Castilla y León, N Spain 42°10´N 05°16´W Mayor Island island NE New Zealand Mayor Pablo Lagerenza see Capitán Pablo Lagerenza Mayotte p French overseas department E Africa Mayoumba see Mayumba May Pen C Jamaica 17°58´N 77°15´W Mayqayyng see Maykayyn Mayraira Point headland Luzon, N Philippines 18°36´N 120°47´E Mayrhofen Tirol, W Austria 47°09´N 11°52´E May River East Sepik, NW Papua New Guinea 04°24´S 141°52´E Maysān off. Muḩāfaᶎat Maysān, var. Al ‘Amārah, Mīsān. r governorate SE Iraq Maysān, Muḩāfaᶎat see Maysān Mayskiy Amurskaya Oblast’, SE Russian Federation 52°13´N 129°30´E Mayskiy KabardinoBalkarskaya Respublika, SW Russian Federation 43°37´N 44°04´E Mayskoye Pavlodar, NE Kazakhstan 50°55´N 78°11´E Mays Landing New Jersey, NE USA 39°27´N 74°44´W Maysville Kentucky, S USA 38°38´N 83°46´W Maysville Missouri, C USA 39°53´N 94°21´W Mayumba var. Mayoumba. Nyanga, S Gabon 03°23´S 10°38´E Mayville Michigan, N USA 43°18´N 83°16´W Mayville New York, NE USA 42°15´N 79°32´W Mayville North Dakota, N USA 47°27´N 97°17´W Mayyali see Mahe Mayyit, Al Baḩr al see Dead Sea

Lake Reservoir

83 J15 Mazabuka Southern, S Zambia 15°52´S 27°46´E Mazaca see Kayseri Mazagan see El-Jadida 32 J7 Mazama Washington, NW USA 48°34´N 120°26´W 103 O15 Mazamet Tarn, S France 43°30´N 02°21´E

143 O4 Māzandarān off. Ostān-e Māzandarān. r province N Iran Māzandarān, Ostān-e see Māzandarān 156 F7 Mazar Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 36°28´N 77°oo´E

107 H24 Mazara del Vallo Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 37°39´N 12°36´E

149 O2 Mazār-e Sharīf var. Mazār-i Sharif. Balkh, N Afghanistan

105 R13 105 R14 55 S9 42 B6 40 I10 36 L12 118 D10 118 D7 40 G5 57 I18 79 N21 159 Q6 83 L16 110 M11 138 G6 118 H7 110 L9 119 M20 107 K25

83 L21 77 N16 79 I16

79 F14 76 G11 82 L11 83 J18 81 G18 79 E16

81 H25 79 I18

82 B9 79 G21 67 V11 81 E19 79 L15 81 I24 78 F13 81 J24 172 H13 83 K18 81 G24 81 G23 83 J24 79 E19 79 F19 79 D17 83 L18 81 G23 79 N15 83 K21

79 G18 79 L15

76 F11 76 I10

36°44´N 67°06´E Mazār-i Sharif see Mazār-e Sharīf Mazarrón Murcia, SE Spain 37°36´N 01°19´W Mazarrón, Golfo de gulf SE Spain Mazaruni River j N Guyana Mazatenango Suchitepéquez, SW Guatemala 14°31´N 91°30´W Mazatlán Sinaloa, C Mexico 23°15´N 106°24´W Mazatzal Mountains m Arizona, SW USA Mažeikiai Telšiai, NW Lithuania 56°19´N 22°22´E Mazirbe NW Latvia 57°39´N 22°16´E Mazocahui Sonora, NW Mexico 29°32´N 110°09´W Mazocruz Puno, S Peru 16°41´S 69°42´W Mazoe, Rio see Mazowe Mazomeno Maniema, E Dem. Rep. Congo 04°54´S 27°13´E Mazong Shan l N China 41°40´N 97°10´E Mazowe var. Rio Mazoe. j Mozambique/ Zimbabwe Mazowieckie r province C Poland Mazra‘a see Al Mazra‘ah Mazraat Kfar Debiâne C Lebanon 34°00´N 35°51´E Mazsalaca Est. Väike-Salatsi, Ger. Salisburg. N Latvia 57°52´N 25°03´E Mazury physical region NE Poland Mazu Tao see Matsu Dao Mazyr Rus. Mozyr’. Homyel’skaya Voblasts’, SE Belarus 52°04´N 29°15´E Mazzarino Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 37°18´N 14°13´E Mba see Ba Mbabane a (Swaziland) NW Swaziland 26°24´S 31°13´E Mbacké see Mbaké Mbahiakro E Ivory Coast 07°33´N 04°19´W Mbaïki var. M’Baiki. Lobaye, SW Central African Republic 03°52´N 17°58´E M’Baiki see Mbaïki Mbakaou, Lac de c C Cameroon Mbaké var. Mbacké. W Senegal 14°47´N 15°54´W Mbala prev. Abercorn. Northern, NE Zambia 08°50´S 31°23´E Mbalabala prev. Balla Balla. Matabeleland South, SW Zimbabwe 20°27´S 29°03´E Mbale E Uganda 01°04´N 34°12´E Mbalmayo var. M’Balmayo. Centre, S Cameroon 03°30´N 11°31´E M’Balmayo see Mbalmayo Mbamba Bay Ruvuma, S Tanzania 11°15´S 34°44´E Mbandaka prev. Coquilhatville. Equateur, NW Dem. Rep. Congo 0°07´N 18°12´E M’banza Kongo Zaire Province, NW Angola 06°11´S 14°16´E Mbanza-Ngungu BasCongo, W Dem. Rep. Congo 05°19´S 14°45´E Mbarangandu j E Tanzania Mbarara SW Uganda 0°36´S 30°40´E Mbari j SE Central African Republic Mbarika Mountains m S Tanzania Mbé Nord, N Cameroon 07°51´N 13°36´E Mbemkuru var. Mbwemkuru. j S Tanzania Mbengga see Beqa Mbéni Grande Comore, NW Comoros Mberengwa Midlands, S Zimbabwe 20°29´S 29°55´E Mbeya Mbeya, SW Tanzania 08°54´S 33°29´E Mbeya r region S Tanzania Mbhashe prev. Mbashe. j S South Africa Mbigou Ngounié, C Gabon 01°54´S 12°00´E Mbilua see Vella Lavella Mbinda Niari, SW Congo 02°07´S 12°52´E Mbini W Equatorial Guinea 01°34´N 09°39´E Mbini see Uolo, Río Mbizi Masvingo, SE Zimbabwe 21°23´S 30°54´E Mbogo Mbeya, W Tanzania 07°24´S 33°26´E Mboki Haut-Mbomou, SE Central African Republic 05°18´N 25°52´E Mbombela prev. Nelspruit. Mpumalanga, NE South Africa 25°28´S 30°58´E see also Nelspruit Mbomo Cuvette, NW Congo 0°25´N 14°42´E Mbomou r prefecture SE Central African Republic Mbomou/M’Bomu/ Mbomu see Bomu Mbour W Senegal 14°22´N 16°54´W Mbout Gorgol, S Mauritania 16°02´N 12°38´W

Mbrès – Mercara 79 J14 Mbrès var. Mbrés. NanaGrébizi, C Central African Republic 06°40´N 19°46´E Mbrés see Mbrès 79 L22 Mbuji-Mayi prev. Bakwanga. Kasai-Oriental, S Dem. Rep. Congo 06°05´S 23°30´E 81 H21 Mbulu Manyara, N Tanzania

32 G11 McMinnville Oregon, NW USA 45°14´N 123°12´W 20 K9 McMinnville Tennessee, S USA 35°40´N 85°49´W 195 R13 McMurdo US research station Antarctica

Medgyes see Mediaş 43 O5 Media Luna, Arrecifes de la reef E Honduras 60 G11 Medianeira Paraná, S Brazil

37 N13 Mcnary Arizona, SW USA

186 E5

24 H9

116 I11 Mediaş Ger. Mediasch, Hung. Medgyes. Sibiu, C Romania 46°10´N 24°20´E 41 S15 Medias Aguas Veracruz-Llave, SE Mexico

62 N8

81 G21 13 O15 25 O5 35 V2 27 P11 25 S17 21 S11 11 N14 24 M9 33 R15 35 X11 39 T11 30 M5 25 O2 21 T14

03°45´S 35°33´E M’bunai var. Bunai. Manus Island, N Papua New Guinea 02°08´S 147°13´E Mburucuyá Corrientes, NE Argentina 28°03´S 58°15´W Mbutha see Buca Mbwemkuru see Mbemkuru Mbwikwe Singida, C Tanzania 05°19´S 34°09´E McAdam New Brunswick, SE Canada 45°34´N 67°20´W McAdoo Texas, SW USA 33°41´N 100°58´W McAfee Peak l Nevada, W USA 41°31´N 115°57´W McAlester Oklahoma, C USA 34°56´N 95°46´W McAllen Texas, SW USA 26°12´N 98°14´W McBee South Carolina, SE USA 34°30´N 80°12´W McBride British Columbia, SW Canada 53°21´N 120°19´W McCamey Texas, SW USA 31°08´N 102°13´W McCammon Idaho, NW USA 42°38´N 112°10´W McCarran k (Las Vegas) Nevada, W USA 36°04´N 115°07´W McCarthy Alaska, USA 61°25´N 142°55´W McCaslin Mountain hill Wisconsin, N USA McClellan Creek j Texas, SW USA McClellanville South Carolina, SE USA 33°07´N 79°27´W

195 R12 McClintock, Mount l Antarctica 80°09´S 156°42´E 35 N2 McCloud California, W USA 41°15´N 122°09´W

35 N3 McCloud River j California, W USA 35 Q9 McClure, Lake d California, W USA 197 O8 McClure Strait strait Northwest Territories, N Canada 29 N4 McClusky North Dakota, N USA 47°27´N 100°25´W 21 T11 McColl South Carolina, SE USA 34°40´N 79°33´W 22 K7 McComb Mississippi, S USA

77°40´S 167°16´E

27 N5

23 U6 29 P4 83 J25 167 T6 26 J7 39 O5 35 Y11 24 M5 11 S14

39°56´N 78°00´W

31°28´N 90°51´W

18 B12 Meadville Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°38´N 80°09´W 14 F14 Meaford Ontario, S Canada 44°35´N 80°35´W

32 47 97 11 103 21 171 94 82 35

21 P13 McCormick South Carolina, SE USA 33°55´N 82°19´W 11 W16 McCreary Manitoba, S Canada 50°48´N 99°34´W 27 W11 McCrory Arkansas, C USA

29

35°15´N 91°12´W 25 T10 McDade Texas, SW USA 30°15´N 97°15´W 23 O8 McDavid Florida, SE USA 30°51´N 87°18´W 35 T1 McDermitt Nevada, W USA 41°57´N 117°43´W 23 S4 McDonough Georgia, SE USA 33°27´N 84°09´W

36 L12 McDowell Mountains m Arizona, SW USA 20 H8 McEwen Tennessee, S USA

36°06´N 87°37´W 35 R12 McFarland California, W USA 35°41´N 119°14´W Mcfarlane, Lake see Macfarlane, Lake

27 P12 McGee Creek Lake d Oklahoma, C USA 27 W13 McGehee Arkansas, C USA 35 X5 14 K11 39 P10 25 T8 33 O12 83 M14 28 M7 9

S7

191 R4 30 J13 18 C15 21 V7 20 G8 185 B20 39 Q10 39 R10 34 K3 25 U6 26 I5 28 M7 25 O2 30 M16 11 O13 14 L9 10 M13

33°37´N 91°24´W Mcgill Nevada, W USA 39°24´N 114°46´W McGillivray, Lac c Québec, SE Canada McGrath Alaska, USA 62°57´N 155°36´W McGregor Texas, SW USA 31°26´N 97°24´W McGuire, Mount l Idaho, NW USA 45°10´N 114°36´W Mchinji prev. Fort Manning. Central, W Malawi 13°48´S 32°55´E McIntosh South Dakota, N USA 45°56´N 101°21´W McKeand j Baffin Island, Nunavut, NE Canada McKean Island island Phoenix Islands, C Kiribati McKee Creek j Illinois, N USA Mckeesport Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°18´N 79°48´W McKenney Virginia, NE USA 36°57´N 77°42´W McKenzie Tennessee, S USA 36°07´N 88°31´W McKerrow, Lake c South Island, New Zealand McKinley, Mount var. Denali. l Alaska, USA 63°04´N 151°00´W McKinley Park Alaska, USA 63°42´N 149°01´W McKinleyville California, W USA 40°56´N 124°06´W McKinney Texas, SW USA 33°14´N 96°37´W McKinney, Lake c Kansas, C USA McLaughlin South Dakota, N USA 45°48´N 100°48´W McLean Texas, SW USA 35°13´N 100°36´W Mcleansboro Illinois, N USA 38°05´N 88°32´W McLennan Alberta, W Canada 55°42´N 116°50´W McLennan, Lac c Québec, SE Canada McLeod Lake British Columbia, W Canada 55°03´N 123°02´W

M’Clintock Channel channel Nunavut, N Canada 27 N10 McLoud Oklahoma, C USA 35°26´N 97°05´W 32 G15 McLoughlin, Mount l Oregon, NW USA 42°27´N 122°18´W 37 U15 McMillan, Lake d New Mexico, SW USA 8

L6

Mealy Mountains m Newfoundland and Labrador, E Canada O10 Meander River Alberta, W Canada 59°02´N 117°42´W E11 Meares, Cape headland Oregon, NW USA 45°29´N 123°59´W V6 Mearim, Rio j NE Brazil Measca, Loch see Mask, Lough F17 Meath Ir. An Mhí. cultural region E Ireland T14 Meath Park Saskatchewan, S Canada 53°25´N 105°18´W O5 Meaux Seine-et-Marne, N France 48°47´N 02°54´E T9 Mebane North Carolina, SE USA 36°06´N 79°16´W U12 Mebo, Gunung l Papua Barat, E Indonesia 01°10´S 133°53´E I8 Mebonden Sør-Trøndelag, S Norway 63°13´N 11°00´E A10 Mebridege j NW Angola W16 Mecca California, W USA 33°34´N 116°04´W Mecca see Makkah Y14 Mechanicsville Iowa, C USA 41°54´N 91°15´W L10 Mechanicville New York, NE USA 42°54´N 73°41´W H17 Mechelen Eng. Mechlin, Fr. Malines. Antwerpen, C Belgium 51°02´N 04°29´E C8 Mecherchar var. Eil Malk. island Palau Islands, Palau D17 Mechernich NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 50°36´N 06°39´E L12 Mechetinskaya Rostovskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 46°46´N 40°30´E J11 Mechka j S Bulgaria Mechlin see Mechelen D23 Mechongué Buenos Aires, E Argentina 38°09´S 58°13´W L14 Mecidiye Edirne, NW Turkey 40°39´N 26°33´E I24 Meckenbeuren BadenWürttemberg, S Germany 47°42´N 09°34´E L8 Mecklenburger Bucht bay N Germany M10 Mecklenburgische Seenplatte wetland NE Germany L9 MecklenburgVorpommern r state NE Germany Q15 Meconta Nampula, NE Mozambique 15°01´S 39°52´E I25 Mecsek m SW Hungary P14 Mecubúri j N Mozambique Q14 Mecúfi Cabo Delgado, NE Mozambique 13°20´S 40°32´E O13 Mecula Niassa, N Mozambique 12°03´S 37°37´E I8 Medan Sumatera, E Indonesia 03°35´N 98°39´E A24 Médanos var. Medanos. Buenos Aires, E Argentina 38°52´S 62°45´W C19 Médanos Entre Ríos, E Argentina 33°28´S 59°07´W K24 Medawachchiya North Central Province, N Sri Lanka 08°32´N 80°30´E C8 Mede Lombardia, N Italy 45°06´N 08°43´E J5 Médéa var. El Mediyya, Lemdiyya. N Algeria 36°15´N 02°48´E Medeba see Mādabā E8 Medellín Antioquia, NW Colombia 06°15´N 75°36´W H9 Medem j NW Germany J8 Medemblik NoordHolland, NW Netherlands 52°47´N 05°06´E N7 Médenine var. Madanīyīn. SE Tunisia 33°23´N 10°30´E G9 Mederdra Trarza, SW Mauritania 16°56´N 15°40´W Medeshamstede see Peterborough F4 Medesto Mendez Izabal, NE Guatemala 15°54´N 89°13´W O11 Medford Massachusetts, NE USA 42°25´N 71°08´W N8 Medford Oklahoma, C USA 36°48´N 97°45´W G15 Medford Oregon, NW USA 42°20´N 122°52´W K6 Medford Wisconsin, N USA 45°08´N 90°22´W P10 Medfra Alaska, USA 63°06´N 154°42´W M14 Medgidia Constana, SE Romania 44°15´N 28°16´E

13 R8 11

18 99 188 101 126 114 61 115 101 100 100 100 83 111 83 83 82 168 61 61 155 106 74

54 100 98 75 76

42 19 27 32 30 39 116

40°22´N 08°27´W

Country Country Capital

17°40´N 95°02´W Mediasch see Mediaş 106 G10 Medicina Emilia-Romagna, C Italy 44°29´N 11°41´E 33 X16 Medicine Bow Wyoming, C USA 41°52´N 106°11´W

Medicine Bow Mountains m Colorado/Wyoming, C USA 33 X16 Medicine Bow River j Wyoming, C USA 11 R17 Medicine Hat Alberta, SW Canada 50°03´N 110°41´W 26 L7 Medicine Lodge Kansas, C USA 37°18´N 98°35´W 26 L7 Medicine Lodge River j Kansas/Oklahoma, C USA 112 E7 Međimurje off. Međimurska Županija. r province N Croatia Međimurska Županija see Međimurje 54 G10 Medina Cundinamarca, C Colombia 04°31´N 73°21´W 18 E9 Medina New York, NE USA 37 S2

29 O5

Meáin, Inis see Inishmaan 104 G8 Mealhada Aveiro, N Portugal

31 T14 McConnelsville Ohio, N USA 39°39´N 81°51´W 28 M17 McCook Nebraska, C USA 40°12´N 100°38´W

41°00´N 91°09´W

34°04´N 109°51´W McNary Texas, SW USA 31°15´N 105°46´W McPherson Kansas, C USA 38°22´N 97°41´W McPherson see Fort McPherson McRae Georgia, SE USA 32°04´N 82°54´W McVille North Dakota, N USA 47°45´N 98°10´W Mdantsane Eastern Cape, SE South Africa 32°55´S 27°39´E Me Ninh Binh, N Vietnam 20°21´N 105°49´E Meade Kansas, C USA 37°17´N 100°21´W Meade River j Alaska, USA Mead, Lake d Arizona/ Nevada, W USA Meadow Texas, SW USA 33°20´N 102°12´W Meadow Lake Saskatchewan, C Canada 54°90´N 108°30´W

35 Y10 Meadow Valley Wash j Nevada, W USA 22 J7 Meadville Mississippi, S USA

31°14´N 90°27´W

18 E16 McConnellsburg Pennsylvania, NE USA

25°15´S 54°07´W

29 Y15 Mediapolis Iowa, C USA

31 T11 25 Q11 105 P6 104 L6 104 L5

76 H12 25 S12 104 K16 119 H14 153 R16

43°13´N 78°23´W Medina North Dakota, N USA 46°53´N 99°18´W Medina Ohio, N USA 41°08´N 81°51´W Medina Texas, SW USA 29°46´N 99°14´W Medina see Al Madīnah Medinaceli Castilla y León, N Spain 41°10´N 02°26´W Medina del Campo Castilla y León, N Spain 41°18´N 04°55´W Medina de Ríoseco Castilla y León, N Spain 41°53´N 05°03´W Médina Gonassé see Médina Gounas Médina Gounas var. Médina Gonassé. S Senegal 13°06´N 13°49´W Medina River j Texas, SW USA Medina Sidonia Andalucía, S Spain 36°28´N 05°55´W Medinat Israel see Israel Medininkai Vilnius, SE Lithuania 54°32´N 25°40´E Medinīpur West Bengal, NE India 22°25´N 87°24´E Mediolanum see Saintes, France Mediolanum see Milano, Italy Mediomatrica see Metz

121 Q11 Mediterranean Ridge undersea feature C Mediterranean Sea

115 H14 Megáli Panagiá var. Megáli Panayía. Kentrikí Makedonía, N Greece 40°24´N 23°42´E Megáli Panayía see Megáli Panagiá Megáli Préspa, Límni see Prespa, Lake 114 K12 Megálo Livádi l Bulgaria/ Greece 41°18´N 25°51´E 115 E20 Megalópoli prev. Megalópolis. Pelopónnisos, S Greece 37°24´N 22°08´E Megalópolis see Megalópoli 171 U12 Megamo Papua Barat, E Indonesia 0°55´S 131°46´E 115 C18 Meganísi island Iónia Nisiá, Greece, C Mediterranean Sea Meganom, Mys see Mehanom, Mys Mégantic see Lac-Mégantic 15 R12 Mégantic, Mont l Québec, SE Canada 45°27´N 71°09´W 115 G19 Mégara Attikí, C Greece

38 L12 Mekoryuk Nunivak Island, Alaska, USA

25 R5

27

38°00´N 23°20´E Megargel Texas, SW USA 33°27´N 98°55´W 98 K13 Megen Noord-Brabant, S Netherlands 51°49´N 05°34´E 153 U13 Meghālaya r state NE India

153 U16 Meghna Nadi j S Bangladesh 137 V14 Meghri Rus. Megri. SE Armenia 38°57´N 46°15´E 115 Q23 Megísti var. Kastellórizon. island SE Greece Megri see Meghri Mehabad see Mahābād 116 F13 Mehadia Hung. Mehádia. Caraș-Severin, SW Romania 92 117 149 180 116 153 21 191 118 143 142 143 143 149

34°00´N 23°00´E

121 O16 Mediterranean Sea Fr. Mer Méditerranée. sea Africa/Asia/ Europe Méditerranée, Mer see Mediterranean Sea 79 N17 Medje Orientale, NE Dem. Rep. Congo 02°27´N 27°14´E Medjerda, Oued see Mejerda 114 G7 Medkovets Montana, NW Bulgaria 43°39´N 23°22´E 93 J15 Medle Västerbotten, N Sweden 64°45´N 20°45´E 127 W7 Mednogorsk Orenburgskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 51°24´N 57°37´E

123 W9 Mednyy, Ostrov island E Russian Federation 102 J12 Médoc cultural region SW France 159 Q16 Mêdog Xizang Zizhiqu, W China 29°26´N 95°26´E 28 J5 Medora North Dakota, N USA 46°56´N 103°40´W 79 E17 Médouneu Woleu-Ntem, N Gabon 0°58´N 10°50´E 106 I7 Meduna j NE Italy Medunta see Mantes-la-Jolie Medvedica see Medveditsa 124 J16 Medveditsa var. Medvedica. j W Russian Federation 127 O9 Medveditsa j SW Russian Federation 112 E8 Medvednica m NE Croatia 125 R15 Medvedok Kirovskaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 57°23´N 50°01´E 123 S6 Medvezh’i, Ostrova island group NE Russian Federation 124 J9 Medvezh’yegorsk Respublika Kareliya, NW Russian Federation 62°56´N 34°26´E

109 T11 Medvode Ger. Zwischenwässern. NW Slovenia 46°09´N 14°21´E 126 J4 Medyn’ Kaluzhskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 54°59´N 35°52´E

180 J10 Meekatharra Western Australia 26°37´S 118°35´E 37 Q4 Meeker Colorado, C USA 40°02´N 107°54´W

13 T12 Meelpaeg Lake c Newfoundland, Newfoundland and Labrador, E Canada Meemu Atoll see Mulakatholhu Meenen see Menen 101 M16 Meerane Sachsen, E Germany

103 79 160 163 99

166

108 101 108 101

101

44°53´N 22°20´E Mehádia see Mehadia L7 Mehamn Finnmark, N Norway 71°01´N 27°46´E U13 Mehanom, Mys Rus. Mys Meganom. headland S Ukraine 44°48´N 35°04´E P14 Mehar Sind, SE Pakistan 27°12´N 67°51´E J8 Meharry, Mount l Western Australia 23°17´S 118°48´E Mehdia see Mahdia G14 Mehedini r county SW Romania S15 Meherpur Khulna, W Bangladesh 23°47´N 88°40´E W8 Meherrin River j North Carolina/Virginia, SE USA Meheso see Mī’ēso T11 Mehetia island Îles du Vent, W French Polynesia K6 Mehikoorma Tartumaa, E Estonia 58°14´N 27°29´E Me Hka see Nmai Hka N5 Mehrabad k (Tehrān) Tehrān, N Iran 35°46´N 51°07´E J7 Mehrān Īlām, W Iran 33°07´N 46°10´E Q14 Mehrān, Rūd-e prev. Mansurabad. j W Iran Q9 Mehrīz Yazd, C Iran 31°32´N 54°28´E R5 Mehtar Lām var. Mehtarlām, Meterlam, Methariam, Metharlam. Laghmān, E Afghanistan 34°39´N 70°10´E Mehtarlām see Mehtar Lām N8 Mehun-sur-Yèvre Cher, C France 47°09´N 02°15´E G14 Meiganga Adamaoua, NE Cameroon 06°31´N 14°07´E H10 Meigu var. Bapu. Sichuan, C China 28°16´N 103°20´E W11 Meihekou var. Hailong. Jilin, NE China 42°31´N 125°40´E L15 Meijel Limburg, SE Netherlands 51°22´N 05°52´E Meijiang see Ningdu M5 Meiktila Mandalay, C Myanmar (Burma) 20°53´N 95°54´E Meilbhe, Loch see Melvin, Lough G7 Meilen Zürich, N Switzerland 47°17´N 08°39´E Meilu see Wuchuan J17 Meiningen Thüringen, C Germany 50°34´N 10°25´E F9 Meiringen Bern, S Switzerland 46°42´N 08°13´E Meishan see Jinzhai O15 Meissen Ger. Meißen. Sachsen, E Germany 51°10´N 13°28´E Meißen see Meissen I15 Meissner l C Germany 51°13´N 09°52´E

99 K25 Meix-devant-Virton Luxembourg, SE Belgium

161 P13 67 P2

42 F7 62 G5 189 V5 79 F17 80 J10 74 I10

50°50´N 12°28´E

101 D15 Meerbusch NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 51°19´N 06°43´E

98 I12 Meerkerk Zuid-Holland, C Netherlands 51°55´N 05°00´E 99 L18 Meerssen var. Mersen. Limburg, SE Netherlands 50°53´N 05°45´E

152 J10 Meerut Uttar Pradesh, N India 29°01´N 77°41´E 33 U13 Meeteetse Wyoming, C USA 44°10´N 108°53´W 99 K17 Meeuwen Limburg, NE Belgium 51°04´N 05°36´E 81 J16 Mēga Oromīya, C Ethiopia 04°03´N 38°15´E

81 J16 Mēga Escarpment escarpment S Ethiopia Megála Kalívia see Megála Kalývia 115 E16 Megála Kalývia var. Megála Kalívia. Thessalía, C Greece 39°30´N 21°48´E

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

76 G10 146 G14 15 P9

74 G6 129 U12

49°36´N 05°27´E Meixian see Meizhou Meixing see Xinjin Meizhou var. Meixian, Mei Xian. Guangdong, S China 24°21´N 116°05´E Mejerda var. Oued Medjerda, Wādī Majardah. j Algeria/Tunisia see also Medjerda, Oued Mejicanos San Salvador, C El Salvador 13°50´N 89°13´W Méjico see Mexico Mejillones Antofagasta, N Chile 23°03´S 70°25´W Mejit Island var. Mājeej. island Ratak Chain, NE Marshall Islands Mékambo Ogooué-Ivindo, NE Gabon 01°03´N 13°50´E Mek’elē var. Makale. Tigray, N Ethiopia 13°36´N 39°29´E Mekerrhane, Sebkha var. Sebkha Meqerghane, Sebkra Mekerrhane. salt flat C Algeria Mekerrhane, Sebkra see Mekerrhane, Sebkha Mékhé NW Senegal 15°02´N 16°40´W Mekhinli Ahal Welaýaty, C Turkmenistan 37°28´N 59°20´E Mékinac, Lac c Québec, SE Canada Meklong see Samut Songkhram Meknès N Morocco 33°54´N 05°27´W Mekong var. Lan-ts’ang Chiang, Cam. Mékôngk, Chin. Lancang Jiang, Lao. Mènam Khong, Nam Khong, Th. Mae Nam Khong, Tib. Dza Chu, Vtn. Sông Tiên Giang. j SE Asia Mékôngk see Mekong

167 T15 Mekong, Mouths of the delta S Vietnam

Administrative Regions International Airport

77 168 168

175 175 171 169 183

23 29 92

63 40 14

106 188 112

127 127

108 I8

60°23´N 166°11´W R14 Mékrou j N Benin K9 Melaka var. Malacca. Melaka, Peninsular Malaysia 02°14´N 102°14´E L9 Melaka var. Malacca. r state Peninsular Malaysia Melaka, Selat see Malacca, Strait of O6 Melanesia island group W Pacific Ocean P5 Melanesian Basin undersea feature W Pacific Ocean 0°05´N 160°35´E R9 Melanguane Pulau Karakelang, N Indonesia 04°02´N 126°43´E R11 Melawi, Sungai j Borneo, N Indonesia N12 Melbourne state capital Victoria, SE Australia 37°51´S 144°56´E V9 Melbourne Arkansas, C USA 36°04´N 91°54´W Y12 Melbourne Florida, SE USA 28°04´N 80°36´W W14 Melbourne Iowa, C USA 41°57´N 93°07´W G10 Melbu Nordland, C Norway 68°31´N 14°50´E Melchor de Mencos see Ciudad Melchor de Mencos F19 Melchor, Isla island Archipiélago de los Chonos, S Chile M9 Melchor Ocampo Zacatecas, C Mexico 24°45´N 101°38´W C11 Meldrum Bay Manitoulin Island, Ontario, S Canada 45°55´N 83°06´W Meleda see Mljet D8 Melegnano prev. Marignano. Lombardia, N Italy 45°22´N 09°19´E F9 Melekeok a Babeldaob, N Palau 07°30´N 134°37´E L9 Melenci Hung. Melencze. Vojvodina, N Serbia 45°32´N 20°18´E Melencze see Melenci N4 Melenki Vladimirskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 55°21´N 41°37´E V6 Meleuz Respublika Bashkortostan, W Russian Federation 52°55´N 55°54´E

Mélèzes, Rivière aux j Québec, C Canada 78 I11 Melfi Guéra, S Chad

12 L6

11°05´N 17°57´E

107 M17 Melfi Basilicata, S Italy 41°00´N 15°33´E

11 U14 Melfort Saskatchewan, S Canada 52°52´N 104°38´W 104 H4 Melgaço Viana do Castelo, N Portugal 42°07´N 08°15´W 105 N4 Melgar de Fernamental Castilla y León, N Spain 42°24´N 04°15´W

Melghir, Chott var. Chott Melrhir. salt lake E Algeria 94 H8 Melhus Sør-Trøndelag, S Norway 63°17´N 10°18´E 104 H3 Melide Galicia, NW Spain

74 L6

42°54´N 08°01´W

Meligalá see Meligalás 115 E21 Meligalás prev. Meligalá. Pelopónnisos, S Greece 37°13´N 21°58´E

60 L12 Mel, Ilha do island S Brazil 120 E10 Melilla anc. Rusaddir, Russadir. Melilla, Spain, N Africa 35°18´N 02°56´W 71 N1 Melilla enclave Spain, N Africa 63 G18 Melimoyu, Monte l S Chile 44°06´S 72°49´W

169 V11 Melintang, Danau c Borneo, N Indonesia 117 U7 Melioratyvne Dnipropetrovs’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 48°35´N 35°18´E 62 G11 Melipilla Santiago, C Chile 33°42´S 71°15´W

115 I25 Mélissa, Akrotírio headland Kríti, Greece, E Mediterranean Sea 35°06´N 24°33´E

11 W17 Melita Manitoba, S Canada 49°16´N 100°59´W Melita see Mljet Melitene see Malatya

107 M23 Melito di Porto Salvo Calabria, SW Italy 117 U10 109 V4 95 K15 99 E17 100 G13

95 J17

46°13´N 00°07´W

Mellette South Dakota, N USA 45°07´N 98°29´W 121 O15 Mellieħa E Malta 35°58´N 14°21´E

80 B10 Mellit Northern Darfur, W Sudan 14°07´N 25°34´E 75 N7 Mellita k SE Tunisia 33°47´N 10°51´E

63 G21 Mellizo Sur, Cerro l S Chile 100 G9 83 L22 111 D16 122 J12 61 G18

183 P7 182 I7 29 T7 33 Q11 37 V12

48°27´S 73°10´W Mellum island NW Germany Melmoth KwaZulu/Natal, E South Africa 28°35´S 31°25´E Mělník Ger. Melnik. Středočeský Kraj, NW Czech Republic 50°21´N 14°30´E Mel’nikovo Tomskaya Oblast’, C Russian Federation 56°35´N 84°11´E Melo Cerro Largo, NE Uruguay 32°22´S 54°10´W Melodunum see Melun Melrhir, Chott see Melghir, Chott Melrose New South Wales, SE Australia 32°41´S 146°58´E Melrose South Australia 32°52´S 138°16´E Melrose Minnesota, N USA 45°40´N 94°46´W Melrose Montana, NW USA 45°33´N 112°41´W Melrose New Mexico, SW USA 34°25´N 103°37´W

Mountain Mountain Range

47°03´N 09°26´E Melsetter see Chimanimani 33 V9 Melstone Montana, NW USA 46°37´N 107°49´W 101 I16 Melsungen Hessen, C Germany 51°08´N 09°33´E 92 L12 Meltaus Lappi, NW Finland 66°54´N 25°18´E

97 N19 Melton Mowbray C England, United Kingdom

12°31´S 39°39´E

136 B14 Menemen İzmir, W Turkey

48°32´N 02°40´E 80 F12 Melut Upper Nile, NE South Sudan 10°27´N 32°13´E 27 P5 Melvern Lake d Kansas, C USA 11 V16 Melville Saskatchewan, S Canada 50°57´N 102°49´W

181 O1 197 O8 11 W9 9

O7

25 Q9

Volcano River

10°39´N 71°04´W

Mene Grande Zulia, NW Venezuela

54 I5

103 O5 Melun anc. Melodunum. Seine-et-Marne, N France

45 O11

62 I12 Mendoza off. Provincia de Mendoza. r province W Argentina Mendoza, Provincia de see Mendoza 108 H12 Mendrisio Ticino, S Switzerland 45°53´N 08°59´E 168 L10 Mendung Pulau Mendol, W Indonesia 0°33´N 103°09´E 54 I5 Mene de Mauroa Falcón, NW Venezuela

52°46´N 01°04´W

82 Q13 Meluco Cabo Delgado, NE Mozambique

Melville Bay/Melville Bugt see Qimusseriarsuaq Melville Hall k (Dominica) NE Dominica 15°33´N 61°19´W Melville Island island Northern Territory, N Australia Melville Island island Parry Islands, Northwest Territories, NW Canada Melville, Lake c Newfoundland and Labrador, E Canada Melville Peninsula peninsula Nunavut, NE Canada Melville Sound see Viscount Melville Sound Melvin Texas, SW USA 31°12´N 99°34´W

97 D15 Melvin, Lough Ir. Loch Meilbhe. c S Northern Ireland, United Kingdom/ Ireland 169 S12 Memala Borneo, C Indonesia 01°44´S 112°36´E

113 L22 Memaliaj Gjirokastër, S Albania 40°21´N 19°56´E 83 Q14 Memba Nampula, NE Mozambique 14°07´S 40°33´E

83 Q14 Memba, Baia de inlet NE Mozambique Membidj see Manbij Memel see Neman, NE Europe Memel see Klaipeda, Lithuania 101 J23 Memmingen Bayern, S Germany 47°59´N 10°11´E 27 U1 Memphis Missouri, C USA 40°28´N 92°11´W

09°51´N 70°57´W 38°34´N 27°03´E

99 C18 Menen var. Meenen, Fr. Menin. West-Vlaanderen, W Belgium 50°48´N 03°07´E 163 Q8 Menengiyn Tal plain E Mongolia 189 R9 Meneng Point headland SW Nauru 0°33´S 166°57´E

92 L10 Menesjärvi Lapp. Menešjávri. Lappi, N Finland 68°39´N 26°22´E

Menešjávri see Menesjärvi 107 I24 Menfi Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 161 P7

37°36´N 12°59´E

Mengcheng Anhui, E China 33°15´N 116°33´E

160 F15 Menghai Yunnan, SW China 22°02´N 100°18´E

160 F15 Mengla Yunnan, SW China 21°30´N 101°33´E

65 F24 Menguera Point headland East Falkland, Falkland Islands 160 M13 Mengzhu Ling m S China 160 H14 Mengzi Yunnan, SW China 23°20´N 103°32´E

114 H13 Meníkio var. Menoíkio. l NE Greece 40°50´N 12°40´E Menin see Menen 182 L7 Menindee New South Wales, SE Australia 32°24´S 142°25´E 182 L7 Menindee Lake c New South Wales, SE Australia 182 J10 Meningie South Australia 35°43´S 139°20´E

103 O5 Mennecy Essonne, N France 48°34´N 02°25´E

29 Q12 Menno South Dakota, N USA 43°14´N 97°34´W

114 H13 Menoíkio m NE Greece Menoíkio see Meníkio 31 N5 Menominee Michigan, N USA 45°06´N 87°36´W 30 M5 Menominee River j Michigan/Wisconsin, N USA 30 M8 Menomonee Falls Wisconsin, N USA 43°11´N 88°09´W

20 E10 Memphis Tennessee, S USA

30 I6

15 Q13 Memphrémagog, Lac var. Lake Memphremagog. c Canada/USA see also Lake Memphremagog 19 N6 Memphremagog, Lake var. Lac Memphrémagog. c Canada/USA see also Memphrémagog, Lac 117 Q2 Mena Chernihivs’ka Oblast’, NE Ukraine 51°30´N 32°15´E 27 S12 Mena Arkansas, C USA

120 H8 Menorca Eng. Minorca; anc. Balearis Minor. island Islas Baleares, Spain, W Mediterranean Sea 105 S13 Menor, Mar lagoon SE Spain 39 S10 Mentasta Lake c Alaska, USA 39 S10 Mentasta Mountains m Alaska, USA 168 I13 Mentawai, Kepulauan island group W Indonesia 168 I12 Mentawai, Selat strait W Indonesia 168 M12 Mentok Pulau Bangka, W Indonesia 02°01´S 105°10´E 103 V15 Menton It. Mentone. Alpes-Maritimes, SE France

35°09´N 90°03´W 25 P3 Memphis Texas, SW USA 34°43´N 100°34´W 20 E10 Memphis k Tennessee, S USA 35°02´N 89°57´W

34°40´N 94°15´W Menaam see Menaldum Menado see Manado 106 D6 Menaggio Lombardia, N Italy 46°03´N 09°14´E 29 T6 Menahga Minnesota, N USA 46°45´N 95°06´W 77 R10 Ménaka Goa, E Mali 15°55´N 02°25´E 98 K5 Menaldum Fris. Menaam. Fryslân, N Netherlands 53°14´N 05°38´E Mènam Khong see Mekong 74 E7 Menara k (Marrakech) C Morocco 31°36´N 08°00´W 25 Q9 Menard Texas, SW USA 30°56´N 99°48´W

193 Q12 Menard Fracture Zone tectonic feature E Pacific Ocean 30 M7 Menasha Wisconsin, N USA 44°13´N 88°25´W

37°55´N 15°48´E Melitopol’ Zaporiz’ka Oblast’, SE Ukraine 46°49´N 35°23´E Melk Niederösterreich, NE Austria 48°14´N 15°21´E Mellan-Fryken c C Sweden Melle Oost-Vlaanderen, NW Belgium 51°N 03°48´E Melle Niedersachsen, NW Germany 52°12´N 08°19´E Mellersta Finland see Keski-Suomi Mellersta Österbotten see Keski-Pohjanmaa Mellerud Västra Götaland, S Sweden 58°42´N 12°27´E

102 K10 Melle-sur-Bretonne Deux-Sèvres, W France 29 P8

Mels Sankt Gallen, NE Switzerland

Mencezi Garagum see Merkezi Garagumy 193 U9 Mendaña Fracture Zone tectonic feature E Pacific Ocean 169 S13 Mendawai, Sungai j Borneo, C Indonesia 103 P13 Mende anc. Mimatum. Lozère, S France 44°32´N 03°30´E

81 J14 Mendebo m C Ethiopia 80 J9 Mendefera prev. Adi Ugri. S Eritrea 14°53´N 38°51´E 197 S7 Mendeleyev Ridge undersea feature Arctic Ocean 127 T3 Mendeleyevsk Respublika Tatarstan, W Russian Federation 55°54´N 52°19´E 101 F15 Menden NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 51°26´N 07°47´E 22 L6 Mendenhall Mississippi, S USA 31°57´N 89°52´W 38 L13 Mendenhall, Cape headland Nunivak Island, Alaska, USA 59°45´N 166°10´W 41 P9 Méndez var. Villa de Méndez. Tamaulipas, C Mexico 25°06´N 98°32´W 80 H13 Mendī Oromīya C Ethiopia 09°43´N 35°07´E 186 C7 Mendi Southern Highlands, W Papua New Guinea 06°13´S 143°39´E 97 K22 Mendip Hills var. Mendips. hill range S England, United Kingdom Mendips see Mendip Hills 34 L6 Mendocino California, W USA 39°18´N 123°48´W

34 J3

Mendocino, Cape headland California, W USA 40°26´N 124°24´W

Mendocino Fracture Zone tectonic feature NE Pacific Ocean 35 P10 Mendota California, W USA 36°44´N 120°24´W 30 L11 Mendota Illinois, N USA 41°32´N 89°04´W 30 K8 Mendota, Lake c Wisconsin, N USA 62 I11 Mendoza Mendoza, W Argentina 33°00´S 68°47´W 0

B8

Lake Reservoir

Menomonie Wisconsin, N USA 44°52´N 91°55´W 83 D14 Menongue var. Vila Serpa Pinto, Port. Serpa Pinto. Kuando Kubango, C Angola 14°38´S 17°39´E

24 K8

43°47´N 07°30´E

Mentone Texas, SW USA 31°42´N 103°36´W

Mentone see Menton 31 U11 Mentor Ohio, N USA 41°40´N 81°20´W

169 U10 Menyapa, Gunung l Borneo, N Indonesia 159 T9

74 M5

136 M15 127 T4 180 K11 195 V6 40 J6 83 N14 98 M8 100 E12

105 T6 30 M8 182 D3 27 W5 168 K13 106 G5 168 K8 106 D7 169 U13 171 Y16 182 L9 99 F21 54 C13

01°04´N 116°01´E Menyuan var. Menyuan Huizu Zizhixian. Qinghai, C China 37°27´N 101°33´E Menyuan Huizu Zizhixian see Menyuan Menzel Bourguiba var. Manzil Bū Ruqaybah; prev. Ferryville. N Tunisia 37°09´N 09°51´E Menzelet Barajı d C Turkey Menzelinsk Respublika Tatarstan, W Russian Federation 55°44´N 53°00´E Menzies Western Australia 29°42´S 121°04´E Menzies, Mount l Antarctica 73°32´S 61°02´E Meoqui Chihuahua, N Mexico 28°18´N 105°30´W Meponda Niassa, NE Mozambique 13°20´S 34°53´E Meppel Drenthe, NE Netherlands 52°42´N 06°12´E Meppen Niedersachsen, NW Germany 52°42´N 07°18´E Meqerghane, Sebkha see Mekerrhane, Sebkha Mequinenza, Embalse de d NE Spain Mequon Wisconsin, N USA 43°13´N 87°57´W Mera see Maira Meramangye, Lake salt lake South Australia Meramec River j Missouri, C USA Meran see Merano Merangin j Sumatera, W Indonesia Merano Ger. Meran. Trentino-Alto Adige, N Italy 46°40´N 11°10´E Merapuh Lama Pahang, Peninsular Malaysia 04°37´N 101°58´E Merate Lombardia, N Italy 45°42´N 09°26´E Meratus, Pegunungan m Borneo, N Indonesia Merauke, Sungai j Papua, E Indonesia Merbein Victoria, SE Australia 34°11´S 142°03´E Merbes-le-Château Hainaut, S Belgium 50°19´N 04°09´E Merca see Marka Mercaderes Cauca, SW Colombia 01°46´N 77°09´W Mercara see Madikeri

287

Merced – Miller, Mount 35 P9

Merced California, W USA 37°17´N 120°30´W

61 C20 Mercedes Buenos Aires, E Argentina 34°42´S 59°30´W 61 D15 Mercedes Corrientes, NE Argentina 29°09´S 58°05´W 61 D19 Mercedes Soriano, SW Uruguay 33°16´S 58°01´W 25 S17 Mercedes Texas, SW USA 35 R9 35 P9 18 B13 99 G18 15 O13 25 Q9 184 M5 19 O9 65 B25

37 V6 25 N2 81 O16 117 V5 99 E17 167 T12

114 L12 114 L12

41 X12 104 J11 54 I6 54 H7 18 M13 22 M5 25 S8 102 J13 102 J13 93 J18 183 R12 182 L9

97 I19 188 A11 188 B17

25 P7 146 E12

145 S16 119 F15 99 G16 99 I15

119 G15 32 F15 61 C20 138 G8 74 K6 80 F7 180 J12 97 I14 32 H16 30 L5 31 N11

26°09´N 97°54´W Mercedes see Villa Mercedes Merced Peak l California, W USA 37°34´N 119°30´W Merced River j California, W USA Mercer Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°14´N 80°14´W Merchtem Vlaams Brabant, C Belgium 50°57´N 04°14´E Mercier Québec, SE Canada 45°15´N 73°45´W Mercury Texas, SW USA 31°23´N 99°09´W Mercury Islands island group N New Zealand Meredith New Hampshire, NE USA 43°36´N 71°28´W Meredith, Cape var. Cabo Belgrano. headland West Falkland, Falkland Islands 52°15´S 60°40´W Meredith, Lake c Colorado, C USA Meredith, Lake d Texas, SW USA Mereeg var. Mareeq, It. Meregh. Galguduud, E Somalia 03°47´N 47°19´E Merefa Kharkivs’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 49°49´N 36°05´E Meregh see Mereeg Merelbeke Oost-Vlaanderen, NW Belgium 51°00´N 03°45´E Merend see Marand Méreuch Môndól Kiri, E Cambodia 13°01´N 107°26´E Mergate see Margate Mergui see Myeik Mergui Archipelago see Myeik Archipelago Meriç Edirne, NW Turkey 41°12´N 26°24´E Meriç Bul. Maritsa, Gk. Évros; anc. Hebrus. j SE Europe see also Évros/ Maritsa Mérida Yucatán, SW Mexico 20°58´N 89°35´W Mérida anc. Augusta Emerita. Extremadura, W Spain 38°55´N 06°20´W Mérida Mérida, W Venezuela 08°36´N 71°08´W Mérida off. Estado Mérida. r state W Venezuela Mérida, Estado see Mérida Meriden Connecticut, NE USA 41°32´N 72°48´W Meridian Mississippi, S USA 32°24´N 88°43´W Meridian Texas, SW USA 31°56´N 97°40´W Mérignac Gironde, SW France 44°50´N 00°40´W Mérignac k (Bordeaux) Gironde, SW France 44°51´N 00°44´W Merikarvia Satakunta, SW Finland 61°51´N 21°30´E Merimbula New South Wales, SE Australia 36°52´S 149°51´E Meringur Victoria, SE Australia 34°26´S 141°19´E Merín, Laguna see Mirim Lagoon Merioneth cultural region W Wales, United Kingdom Merir island Palau Islands, N Palau Merizo SW Guam 13°15´N 144°40´E Merjama see Märjamaa Merke see Merki Merkel Texas, SW USA 32°28´N 100°00´W Merkezi Garagumy var. Mencezi Garagum, Rus. Tsentral’nyye Nizmennyye Garagumy. desert C Turkmenistan Merki prev. Merke. Zhambyl, S Kazakhstan 42°48´N 73°10´E Merkinė Alytus, S Lithuania 54°09´N 24°11´E Merksem Antwerpen, N Belgium 51°17´N 04°26´E Merksplas Antwerpen, N Belgium 51°22´N 04°54´E Merkulovichi see Myerkulavichy Merkys j S Lithuania Merlin Oregon, NW USA 42°34´N 123°23´W Merlo Buenos Aires, E Argentina 34°39´S 58°45´W Meron, Harei prev. Haré Meron. l N Israel 35°06´N 33°00´E Merouane, Chott salt lake NE Algeria Merowe Northern, N Sudan 18°29´N 31°49´E Merredin Western Australia 31°31´S 118°18´E Merrick l S Scotland, United Kingdom 55°09´N 04°28´W Merrill Oregon, NW USA 42°00´N 121°37´W Merrill Wisconsin, N USA 45°12´N 89°43´W Merrillville Indiana, N USA 41°28´N 87°19´W

19 O10 Merrimack River j Massachusetts/New Hampshire, NE USA 28 L12 Merriman Nebraska, C USA

42°54´N 101°42´W 11 N17 Merritt British Columbia, SW Canada 50°09´N 120°49´W 23 Y12 Merritt Island Florida, SE USA 28°21´N 80°42´W 23 Y11 Merritt Island island Florida, SE USA

28 M12 Merritt Reservoir d Nebraska, C USA 183 S7 Merriwa New South Wales, SE Australia 32°09´S 150°24´E 183 O8 Merriwagga New South Wales, SE Australia

33°51´S 145°38´E 22 G8 Merryville Louisiana, S USA 30°45´N 93°32´W 80 K9 Mersa Fat’ma E Eritrea 14°52´N 40°16´E 102 M7 Mer St-Aubin Loir-et-Cher, C France 47°42´N 01°31´E 99 M24 Mersch Luxembourg, C Luxembourg 49°45´N 06°06´E

288

101 M15 Merseburg Sachsen-Anhalt, C Germany 51°22´N 12°00´E Mersen see Meerssen 97 K18 Mersey j NW England, United Kingdom 136 J17 Mersin var. İçel. İçel, S Turkey 36°50´N 34°39´E Mersin see İçel 168 L9 Mersing Johor, Peninsular Malaysia 02°25´N 103°50´E 118 E8 Mērsrags NW Latvia

22 K9

Merta see Merta City 152 G12 Merta City var. Merta. Rājasthān, N India

54 K9

57°21´N 23°05´E

31°16´N 100°50´W

103 N4 Méru Oise, N France

36 L14 29 V4 54 H6 107 Q18 39 P12 115 J25 37 S14 101 G15

49°15´N 02°07´E Meru Meru, C Kenya 0°03´N 37°38´E Meru r county C Kenya Meru, Mount l NE Tanzania 03°12´S 36°45´E Merv see Mary Mervdasht see Marv Dasht Merzifon Amasya, N Turkey 40°52´N 35°28´E Merzig Saarland, SW Germany 49°27´N 06°39´E Mesa Arizona, SW USA 33°25´N 111°49´W Mesabi Range m Minnesota, N USA Mesa Bolívar Mérida, NW Venezuela 08°30´N 71°38´W Mesagne Puglia, SE Italy 40°33´N 17°49´E Mesa Mountain l Alaska, USA 60°26´N 155°14´W Mesará lowland Kríti, Greece, E Mediterranean Sea Mescalero New Mexico, SW USA 33°09´N 105°46´W Meschede NordrheinWestfalen, W Germany 51°21´N 08°16´E

137 Q12 Mescit Dağları m NE Turkey 189 V13 Mesegon island Chuuk, C Micronesia Meseritz see Międzyrzecz 54 F11 Mesetas Meta, C Colombia 03°14´N 74°09´W

Meshchera Lowland see Meshcherskaya Nizmennost’ Meshcherskaya Nizina see Meshcherskaya Nizmennost’ 126 M4 Meshcherskaya Nizmennost’ var. Meshcherskaya Nizina, Eng. Meshchera Lowland. basin W Russian Federation 126 J5 Meshchovsk Kaluzhskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 54°21´N 35°23´E Meshchura Respublika Komi, NW Russian Federation 63°18´N 50°56´E Meshed see Mashhad Meshed-i-Sar see Bābolsar

125 R9

80 E13 Meshra‘er Req Warap, W South Sudan 08°30´N 29°27´E

37 R15 Mesilla New Mexico, SW USA 32°15´N 106°49´W 108 H10 Mesocco Ger. Misox. Ticino, S Switzerland 46°18´N 09°13´E 115 D18 Mesolóngi prev. Mesolóngion. Dytikí Elláda, W Greece 38°21´N 21°26´E Mesolóngion see Mesolóngi 14 E8 Mesomikenda Lake c Ontario, S Canada 61 D15 Mesopotamia var. Mesopotamia Argentina. physical region NE Argentina Mesopotamia Argentina see Mesopotamia 35 Y10 Mesquite Nevada, W USA 36°47´N 114°04´W

82 Q13 Messalo, Rio var. Mualo. j NE Mozambique Messana/Messene see Messina 99 L25 Messancy Luxembourg, SE Belgium 49°36´N 05°49´E 107 M23 Messina var. Messana, Messene; anc. Zancle. Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea

107 M23 115 E21 115 E21 115 E22 122 J8 114 H11

137 R8

115 K18 106 H8 59 M16 169 N14 10 J10 54 G11

12°41´S 34°50´E

Metapán Santa Ana, NW El Salvador 14°20´N 89°28´W

51°46´N 03°23´W

144 G14 Mertvyy Kultuk, Sor salt flat SW Kazakhstan 195 V16 Mertz Glacier glacier Antarctica 99 M24 Mertzig Diekirch, C Luxembourg 49°50´N 06°00´E 25 O9 Mertzon Texas, SW USA

101 D20

42 E7

115 D15 Metéora religious building Thessalía, C Greece 65 O20 Meteor Rise undersea feature SW Indian Ocean

37°38´N 07°40´W

136 K11

25°29´S 64°57´W

82 N13 Metangula Niassa, N Mozambique

26°40´N 74°04´E

104 H13 Mértola Beja, S Portugal

81 I19 81 I20

29°58´N 90°09´W

Meta, Río j Colombia/ Venezuela 106 I11 Metauro j C Italy 80 H11 Metema Āmara, N Ethiopia

152 F12 Merta Road Rājasthān, N India 26°42´N 73°54´E 97 J21 Merthyr Tydfil S Wales, United Kingdom

81 I18

Metairie Louisiana, S USA

32 M6 Metaline Falls Washington, NW USA 48°51´N 117°21´W 62 K6 Metán Salta, N Argentina

38°12´N 15°33´E Messina see Musina Messina, Strait of see Messina, Stretto di Messina, Stretto di Eng. Strait of Messina. strait SW Italy Messíni Pelopónnisos, S Greece 37°03´N 22°00´E Messinía peninsula S Greece Messiniakós Kólpos gulf S Greece Messoyakha j N Russian Federation Mesta Gk. Néstos, Turk. Kara Su. j Bulgaria/Greece see also Néstos Mesta see Néstos Mestghanem see Mostaganem Mest’ia prev. Mestia, var. Mestiya. N Georgia 43°03´N 42°50´E Mestia see Mest’ia Mestiya see Mest’ia Mestón, Akrotírio cape Chíos, E Greece Mestre Veneto, NE Italy 45°30´N 12°14´E Mestre, Espigão m E Brazil Mesuji j Sumatera, W Indonesia Mesule see Grosser Möseler Meszah Peak l British Columbia, W Canada 58°31´N 131°28´W Meta off. Departamento del Meta. r province C Colombia

15 Q8 Metabetchouane j Québec, SE Canada Meta, Departamento del see Meta 9 S7 Meta Incognita Peninsula peninsula Baffin Island, Nunavut, NE Canada

Country Country Capital

12°53´N 36°10´E

46°00´S 05°30´E 186 G5 Meteran New Hanover, NE Papua New Guinea 02°40´S 150°12´E Meterlam see Mehtar Lām 115 G20 Methanon peninsula S Greece Methariam/Metharlam see Mehtar Lām

Methow River j Washington, NW USA 19 O10 Methuen Massachusetts, NE USA 42°43´N 71°10´W 185 G19 Methven Canterbury, South Island, New Zealand 32 J6

113 39 109 109 27 168 30

43°37´S 171°38´E Metis see Metz G15 Metković DubrovnikNeretva, SE Croatia 43°02´N 17°37´E Y14 Metlakatla Annette Island, Alaska, USA 55°07´N 131°34´W V13 Metlika Ger. Möttling. SE Slovenia 45°38´N 15°18´E T8 Metnitz Kärnten, S Austria 46°58´N 14°09´E W12 Meto, Bayou j Arkansas, C USA M15 Metro Sumatera, W Indonesia 05°05´S 105°20´E M17 Metropolis Illinois, N USA 37°09´N 88°43´W Metropolitan see Santiago

35 N8 Metropolitan Oakland k California, W USA 37°42´N 122°13´W

115 D15 Métsovo prev. Métsovon. Ípeiros, C Greece 23 V5 99 H21 101 D20 80 H13 138 G8 169 T10 103 T4

101 H22 168 G8 99 D18

39°47´N 21°12´E Métsovon see Métsovo Metter Georgia, SE USA 32°24´N 82°03´W Mettet Namur, S Belgium 50°19´N 04°43´E Mettlach Saarland, SW Germany 49°28´N 06°37´E Mettu see Metu Metu var. Mattu, Mettu. Oromīya, C Ethiopia 08°18´N 35°39´E Metula prev. Metulla. Northern, N Israel 33°16´N 35°35´E Metulang Borneo, N Indonesia 01°28´N 114°40´E Metulla see Metula Metz anc. Divodurum Mediomatricum, Mediomatrica, Metis. Moselle, NE France 49°07´N 06°09´E Metzingen BadenWürttemberg, S Germany 48°31´N 09°16´E Meulaboh Sumatera, W Indonesia 04°10´N 96°09´E Meulebeke WestVlaanderen, W Belgium 50°57´N 03°18´E Meurthe j NE France

103 U6 103 S5 Meurthe-et-Moselle r department NE France 103 S4 Meuse r department NE France 84 F10 Meuse Dut. Maas. j W Europe see also Maas Meuse see Maas Mexcala, Río see Balsas, Río 25 U8 Mexia Texas, SW USA 31°40´N 96°28´W

58 K11 Mexiana, Ilha island NE Brazil 40 C1 Mexicali Baja California Norte, NW Mexico 32°34´N 115°26´W

Mexicanos, Estados Unidos see Mexico 41 O14 México var. Ciudad de México, Eng. Mexico City. a (Mexico) México, C Mexico 27 V4 18 H9 40 L7

41 O13 0

J13

44 B4 139 R4

39 Y14 143 N7 123 V7

108 A10 166 L7 41 O15 114 H8 103 P16 125 O6

19°26´N 99°08´W Mexico Missouri, C USA 19°10´N 99°04´W Mexico New York, NE USA 43°27´N 76°14´W Mexico off. United Mexican States, var. Méjico, México, Sp. Estados Unidos Mexicanos. b federal republic N Central America México r state S Mexico México see Mexico Mexico Basin var. Sigsbee Deep. undersea feature C Gulf of Mexico 25°00´N 92°00´W Mexico City see México México, Golfo de see Mexico, Gulf of Mexico, Gulf of Sp. Golfo de México. gulf W Atlantic Ocean Mexmûr Ar. Makhmūr. Arbīl, N Iraq 35°47´N 43°32´E Meyadine see Al Mayādīn Meydān Shahr see Maīdān Shahr Meyers Chuck Etolin Island, Alaska, USA 55°44´N 132°15´W Meymaneh see Maīmanah Meymeh Eşfahān, C Iran 33°29´N 51°09´E Meynypil’gyno Chukotskiy Avtonomnyy Okrug, NE Russian Federation 62°33´N 177°00´E Meyrin Genève, SW Switzerland 46°14´N 06°05´E Mezaligon Ayeyawady, SW Myanmar (Burma) 17°53´N 95°12´E Mezcala Guerrero, S Mexico 17°55´N 99°34´W Mezdra Vratsa, NW Bulgaria 43°08´N 23°42´E Mèze Hérault, S France 43°26´N 03°37´E Mezen’ Arkhangel’skaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 65°54´N 44°10´E

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

Mezen’ j NW Russian Federation Mezen, Bay of see Mezenskaya Guba 103 Q13 Mézenc, Mont l C France 125 P8

44°57´N 04°15´E

125 O8 Mezenskaya Guba var. Bay of Mezen. bay NW Russian Federation Mezha see Myazha 122 H6 Mezhdusharskiy, Ostrov island Novaya Zemlya, N Russian Federation Mezhëvo see Myezhava Mezhgor’ye see Mizhhir”ya 117 V8 Mezhova Dnipropetrovs’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 48°15´N 36°44´E

10 J12 Meziadin Junction British Columbia, W Canada 56°06´N 129°15´W

111 G16 Mezileské Sedlo var. Przełęcz Międzyleska. pass Czech Republic/Poland 102 L14 Mézin Lot-et-Garonne, SW France 44°03´N 00°16´E 111 M24 Mezőberény Békés, SE Hungary 46°49´N 21°00´E 111 M25 Mezőhegyes Békés, SE Hungary 46°20´N 20°48´E 111 M25 Mezőkovácsháza Békés, SE Hungary 46°24´N 20°52´E 111 M21 Mezőkövesd BorsodAbaúj-Zemplén, NE Hungary 47°49´N 20°32´E Mezőtelegd see Tileagd 111 M23 Mezőtúr Jász-NagykunSzolnok, E Hungary 47°N 20°37´E 40 K10 Mezquital Durango, C Mexico 23°31´N 104°19´W

106 G6 Mezzolombardo Trentino-Alto Adige, N Italy 82 L13 121 O15 126 H6

154 G10 171 O6 41 R17

46°13´N 11°08´E Mfuwe Muchinga, N Zambia 13°00´S 31°45´E Mġarr Gozo, N Malta 36°01´N 14°18´E Mglin Bryanskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 53°01´N 32°54´E Mhálanna, Cionn see Malin Head Mhow Madhya Pradesh, C India 22°32´N 75°49´E Miadzioł Nowy see Myadzyel Miagao Panay Island, C Philippines 10°40´N 122°15´E Miahuatlán var. Miahuatlán de Porfirio Díaz. Oaxaca, SE Mexico 16°21´N 96°36´W

Miahuatlán de Porfirio Díaz see Miahuatlán 104 K10 Miajadas Extremadura, W Spain 39°10´N 05°54´W Miajlar see Myājlār 36 M14 Miami Arizona, SW USA 23 Z16 27 R8 25 O2 23 Z16 23 Z16 23 Y15 31 R14 149 U10 142 J4

172 H5 142 K3 161 T12 149 O16 160 G10 149 T7 160 J7

160 I8 161 R3 161 S13 122 F11 110 G8

11 O15 160 J7 111 O19

99 M20 39 S5 45 P9

33°23´N 110°53´W Miami Florida, SE USA 25°46´N 80°12´W Miami Oklahoma, C USA 36°53´N 94°54´W Miami Texas, SW USA 35°42´N 100°37´W Miami k Florida, SE USA 25°47´N 80°16´W Miami Beach Florida, SE USA 25°47´N 80°08´W Miami Canal canal Florida, SE USA Miamisburg Ohio, N USA 39°38´N 84°17´W Miān Channūn Punjab, E Pakistan 30°24´N 72°27´E Mīāndowāb var. Mianduab, Miyāndoāb. Āarbāyjān-e Gharbī, NW Iran 36°57´N 46°06´E Miandrivazo Toliara, C Madagascar 19°31´S 45°29´E Mianduab see Mīāndowāb Mīāneh var. Miyāneh. Āarbāyjān-e Sharqī, NW Iran 37°23´N 47°45´E Mianhua Yu prev. Mienhua Yü. island N Taiwan Miāni Hōr lagoon S Pakistan Mianning Sichuan, C China 28°34´N 102°12´E Miānwāli Punjab, NE Pakistan 32°32´N 71°33´E Mianxian var. Mian Xian. Shaanxi, C China 33°12´N 106°36´E Mian Xian see Mianxian Mianyang Sichuan, C China 31°29´N 104°43´E Mianyang see Xiantao Miaodao Qundao island group E China Miaoli N Taiwan 24°33´N 120°48´E Miass Chelyabinskaya Oblast’, C Russian Federation 55°00´N 59°55´E Miastko Ger. Rummelsburg in Pommern. Pomorskie, N Poland 54°N 16°58´E Miava see Myjava Mica Creek British Columbia, SW Canada 51°58´N 118°29´W Micang Shan m C China Mi Chai see Nong Khai Michalovce Ger. Grossmichel, Hung. Nagymihály. Košický Kraj, E Slovakia 48°46´N 21°55´E Michel, Baraque hill E Belgium Michelson, Mount l Alaska, USA 69°19´N 144°16´W Miches E Dominican Republic 18°59´N 69°03´W

30 M4 Michigamme, Lake c Michigan, N USA 30 M4 Michigamme Reservoir d Michigan, N USA 31 N4 Michigamme River j Michigan, N USA 31 O7 Michigan off. State of Michigan, also known as Great Lakes State, Lake State, Wolverine State. r state N USA 31 O11 Michigan City Indiana, N USA 41°43´N 86°52´W 31 O8 Michigan, Lake c N USA 31 P2 Michipicoten Bay lake bay Ontario, N Canada 14 A8 Michipicoten Island island Ontario, S Canada 14 B7 Michipicoten River Ontario, S Canada 47°56´N 84°48´W Michurin see Tsarevo 126 M6 Michurinsk Tambovskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 52°56´N 40°31´E

Mico, Punta/Mico, Punto see Monkey Point

Administrative Regions International Airport

42 L10 Mico, Río j SE Nicaragua 45 T12 Micoud SE Saint Lucia

13°49´N 60°54´W 189 N16 Micronesia off. Federated States of Micronesia. b federation W Pacific Ocean 175 P4 Micronesia island group W Pacific Ocean

Micronesia, Federated States of see Micronesia 169 O9 Midai, Pulau island Kepulauan Natuna, W Indonesia Mid-Atlantic Cordillera see Mid-Atlantic Ridge 65 M17 Mid-Atlantic Ridge var. Mid-Atlantic Cordillera, MidAtlantic Rise, Mid-Atlantic Swell. undersea feature Atlantic Ocean 0°00´N 20°00´W Mid-Atlantic Rise/ Mid-Atlantic Swell see MidAtlantic Ridge 99 E15 Middelburg Zeeland, SW Netherlands

125 P4

192 L5

164 K13 Mikuni Fukui, Honshū, SW Japan 36°12´N 136°09´E 165 X13 Mikura-jima island E Japan 29 V7 Milaca Minnesota, N USA

33 X14 27 N10 152 M10 98 P5 137 Q16 114 F8

51°30´N 03°36´E

83 H24 Middelburg Eastern Cape, S South Africa 31°28´S 25°01´E 83 K21 Middelburg Mpumalanga, NE South Africa

113 Q14

25°47´S 29°28´E

95 G23 Middelfart Syddtjylland, C Denmark 55°30´N 09°44´E 98 G13 Middelharnis ZuidHolland, SW Netherlands

164 K14 111 L16

51°45´N 04°10´E

99 B16 Middelkerke WestVlaanderen, W Belgium 98 I9 98 I8

110 F11

51°12´N 02°51´E

Middenbeemster NoordHolland, C Netherlands 52°33´N 04°55´E

110 O12

Middenmeer NoordHolland, NW Netherlands 52°48´N 04°58´E

35 Q2 Middle Alkali Lake c California, W USA 193 S6 Middle America Trench undersea feature E Pacific Ocean

110 E11

151 P19 Middle Andaman island Andaman Islands, India, NE Indian Ocean Middle Atlas see Moyen Atlas 21 R3 Middlebourne West Virginia, NE USA

111 N16

102 L16

15°00´N 95°00´W

95 L21 41 O8

39°30´N 80°53´W 23 W9 Middleburg Florida, SE USA 30°03´N 81°55´W Middleburg Island see ‘Eua Middle Caicos see Grand Caicos

25 N8 Middle Concho River j Texas, SW USA Middle Congo see Congo (Republic of) 39 R6 Middle Fork Chandalar River j Alaska, USA 39 Q7 Middle Fork Koyukuk River j Alaska, USA 33 O12 Middle Fork Salmon River j Idaho, NW USA 11 T15 Middle Lake Saskatchewan, S Canada 52°31´N 105°16´W 28 L13 Middle Loup River j Nebraska, C USA 185 E22 Middlemarch Otago, South Island, New Zealand

116 J11

104 K2

99 K15 41 O10 80 K13

110 D10

45°30´S 170°07´E

31 T15 Middleport Ohio, N USA 39°00´N 82°03´W

29 U14 Middle Raccoon River j Iowa, C USA 29 R3 Middle River j Minnesota, N USA 21 N8 Middlesboro Kentucky, S USA 36°37´N 83°42´W 97 M15 Middlesbrough N England, United Kingdom 54°35´N 01°14´W

42 G3 Middlesex Stann Creek, C Belize 17°00´N 88°31´W 97 N22 Middlesex cultural region SE England, United Kingdom 13 P15 Middleton Nova Scotia, SE Canada 44°56´N 65°04´W 20 F10 Middleton Tennessee, S USA 30 L9 39 S13 34 M7 21 Y2 18 K15 18 K13 31 R14 18 G15 141 N14 103 O16

35°05´N 88°57´W Middleton Wisconsin, N USA 43°06´N 89°30´W Middleton Island island Alaska, USA Middletown California, W USA 38°44´N 122°39´W Middletown Delaware, NE USA 39°25´N 75°39´W Middletown New Jersey, NE USA 40°23´N 74°08´W Middletown New York, NE USA 41°27´N 74°25´W Middletown Ohio, N USA 39°33´N 84°19´W Middletown Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°11´N 76°42´W Mīdī var. Maydī. NW Yemen 16°18´N 42°51´E Midi, Canal du canal S France

102 K17 Midi de Bigorre, Pic du l S France 42°57´N 00°08´E 102 K17 Midi d’Ossau, Pic du l SW France 42°51´N 00°27´W 173 R7 Mid-Indian Basin undersea feature N Indian Ocean 10°00´S 80°00´E

Mid-Indian Ridge var. Central Indian Ridge. undersea feature C Indian Ocean 12°00´S 66°00´E 103 N14 Midi-Pyrénées r region S France 25 N8 Midkiff Texas, SW USA

173 P7

18 G14 18 F14 138 F8 81 G19 41 R15 40 L9

43 S15 41 N13 40 H7 116 J14 116 M14

117 N14 136 G12 164 G13 165 N14 105 S8 98 I11 165 S4

119 K19

126 L5

31°35´N 101°51´W

14 G13 Midland Ontario, S Canada 31 R8 28 M10 24 M8 83 K17 97 D21 25 T7 96 K12 172 I7

44°45´N 79°53´W Midland Michigan, N USA 43°37´N 84°15´W Midland South Dakota, N USA 44°04´N 101°07´W Midland Texas, SW USA 32°N 102°05´W Midlands r province C Zimbabwe Midleton Ir. Mainistir na Corann. SW Ireland 51°55´N 08°10´W Midlothian Texas, SW USA 32°28´N 96°59´W Midlothian cultural region S Scotland, United Kingdom

Midongy Atsimo Fianarantsoa, S Madagascar

21°58´S 47°47´E 102 K15 Midou j SW France

192 J6

Mid-Pacific Mountains var. Mid-Pacific Seamounts. undersea feature NW Pacific Ocean 20°00´N 178°00´W

Mountain Mountain Range

Mikulkin, Mys headland NW Russian Federation

Mid-Pacific Seamounts see Mid-Pacific Mountains 171 Q7 Midsayap Mindanao, S Philippines 07°12´N 124°31´E 95 F21 Midtjylland r county NW Denmark 36 L3 Midway Utah, W USA

195 Z8 145 T6 127 N9

81 K24 93 N18 110 M8

114 I9 114 C13

Volcano River

40°30´N 111°28´W Midway Islands p US unincorporated territory C Pacific Ocean Midwest Wyoming, C USA 43°24´N 106°15´W Midwest City Oklahoma, C USA 35°28´N 98°24´W Mid Western r zone W Nepal Midwolda Groningen, NE Netherlands 53°12´N 07°00´E Midyat Mardin, SE Turkey 37°25´N 41°20´E Midzhur SCr. Midžor. l Bulgaria/Serbia 43°24´N 22°41´E see also Midžor Midzhur see Midžor Midžor Bul. Midzhur. l Bulgaria/Serbia 43°24´N 22°40´E see also Midzhur Midžor see Midzhur Mie off. Mie-ken. r prefecture Honshū, SW Japan Miechów Małopolskie, S Poland 50°21´N 20°01´E Międzychód Ger. Mitteldorf. Wielkopolskie, C Poland 52°36´N 15°53´E Międzyleska, Przełęcz see Mezileské Sedlo Międzyrzec Podlaski Lubelskie, E Poland 52°N 22°47´E Międzyrzecz Ger. Meseritz. Lubuskie, W Poland 52°26´N 15°33´E Mie-ken see Mie Miélan Gers, S France 43°26´N 00°19´E Mielec Podkarpackie, SE Poland 50°18´N 21°27´E Mien c S Sweden Mienhua Yü see Mianhua Yu Mier Tamaulipas, C Mexico 26°28´N 99°10´W Miercurea-Ciuc Ger. Szeklerburg, Hung. Csíkszereda. Harghita, C Romania 46°24´N 25°48´E Mieresch see Maros/Mureș Mieres del Camín var. Mieres del Camino. Asturias, NW Spain 43°15´N 05°46´W Mieres del Camino see Mieres del Camín Mierlo Noord-Brabant, SE Netherlands 51°27´N 05°37´E Mier y Noriega Nuevo León, NE Mexico 23°24´N 100°06´W Mies see Stříbro Mī’ēso var. Meheso, Miesso. Oromīya, C Ethiopia 09°13´N 40°47´E Miesso see Mī’ēso Mieszkowice Ger. Bärwalde Neumark. Zachodniopomorskie, W Poland 52°45´N 14°24´E Mifflinburg Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°55´N 77°03´W Mifflintown Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°34´N 77°24´W Mifrats Hefa Eng. Bay of Haifa; prev. Mifraẕefa. bay N Israel Migori r county W Kenya Miguel Alemán, Presa d SE Mexico Miguel Asua var. Miguel Auza. Zacatecas, C Mexico 24°17´N 103°29´W Miguel Auza see Miguel Asua Miguel de la Borda var. Donoso. Colón, C Panama 09°09´N 80°20´W Miguel Hidalgo k (Guadalajara) Jalisco, SW Mexico 20°52´N 101°09´W Miguel Hidalgo, Presa d W Mexico Mihăileşti Giurgiu, S Romania 44°20´N 25°54´E Mihail Kogălniceanu var. Kogălniceanu; prev. Caramurat, Ferdinand. Constana, SE Romania 44°22´N 28°27´E Mihai Viteazu Constana, SE Romania 44°37´N 28°41´E Mihalıççık Eskişehir, NW Turkey 39°52´N 31°30´E Mihara Hiroshima, Honshū, SW Japan 34°24´N 133°04´E Mihara-yama i Miyakojima, SE Japan 34°43´N 139°23´E Mijares j E Spain Mijdrecht Utrecht, C Netherlands 52°12´N 04°52´E Mikasa Hokkaidō, NE Japan 43°15´N 141°57´E Mikashevichi see Mikashevichy Mikashevichy Pol. Mikaszewicze, Rus. Mikashevichi. Brestskaya Voblasts’, SW Belarus 52°13´N 27°28´E Mikaszewicze see Mikashevichy Mikhaylov Ryazanskaya Oblast’, W Russian Federation 54°12´N 39°03´E Mikhaylovgrad see Montana Mikhaylov Island island Antarctica Mikhaylovka Pavlodar, N Kazakhstan 53°49´N 76°31´E Mikhaylovka Volgogradskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 50°06´N 43°17´E Mikhaylovka see Mykhaylivka Mikindani Mtwara, SE Tanzania 10°16´S 40°05´E Mikkeli Swe. Sankt Michel. Etelä-Savo, SE Finland 61°41´N 27°14´E Mikołajki Ger. Nikolaiken. Warmińsko-Mazurskie, NE Poland 53°49´N 21°31´E Míkonos see Mýkonos Mikre Lovech, N Bulgaria 43°01´N 24°31´E Mikrí Préspa, Límni c N Greece

Lake Reservoir

67°50´N 46°36´E

81 I23 Mikumi Morogoro, SE Tanzania 07°22´S 37°00´E 125 R10 Mikun’ Respublika Komi, NW Russian Federation 62°20´N 50°02´E

45°45´N 93°40´W

62 J10 Milagro La Rioja, C Argentina 31°00´S 66°01´W 56 B7 Milagro Guayas, SW Ecuador 31 P4 30 J1

02°11´S 79°36´W

Milakokia Lake c Michigan, N USA Milan Illinois, N USA 41°27´N 90°33´W

31 R10 Milan Michigan, N USA 27 T2 37 Q11 20 G9 95 F15 83 N15 106 D8

25 U10 136 C15 119 K21

119 I18

107 L23 29 R8 19 T7 100 L11 14 F14 182 L9 137 X12 160 H13 181 Y10 25 P8 33 X9 11 U17 107 N22 107 K16 18 M13 21 Y3 29 T11 19 S6 29 R16 19 O10 18 J13 25 T7 36 K6

97 H21 27 O4 185 B21 185 B21

139 T10 189 W8 110 H13

42°05´N 83°40´W Milan Missouri, C USA 40°12´N 93°08´W Milan New Mexico, SW USA 35°10´N 107°53´W Milan Tennessee, S USA 35°55´N 88°45´W Milan see Milano Miland Telemark, S Norway 59°57´N 08°48´E Milange Zambézia, NE Mozambique 16°09´S 35°44´E Milano Eng. Milan, Ger. Mailand; anc. Mediolanum. Lombardia, N Italy 45°28´N 09°10´E Milano Texas, SW USA 30°42´N 96°51´W Milas Muğla, SW Turkey 37°17´N 27°46´E Milashavichy Rus. Milashevichi. Homyel’skaya Voblasts’, SE Belarus 51°39´N 27°56´E Milashevichi see Milashavichy Milavidy Rus. Milovidy. Brestskaya Voblasts’, SW Belarus 52°54´N 25°51´E Milazzo anc. Mylae. Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 38°13´N 15°15´E Milbank South Dakota, N USA 45°12´N 96°36´W Milbridge Maine, NE USA 44°31´N 67°55´W Milde j C Germany Mildmay Ontario, S Canada 44°03´N 81°07´W Mildura Victoria, SE Australia 34°13´S 142°09´E Mil Düzü Rus. Mil’skaya Ravnina, Mil’skaya Step’. physical region C Azerbaijan Mile var. Miyang. Yunnan, SW China 24°28´N 103°26´E Mile see Mili Atoll Miles Queensland, E Australia 26°41´S 150°15´E Miles Texas, SW USA 31°36´N 100°10´W Miles City Montana, NW USA 46°24´N 105°48´W Milestone Saskatchewan, S Canada 50°00´N 104°24´W Mileto Calabria, SW Italy 38°35´N 16°03´E Miletto, Monte l C Italy 41°28´N 14°21´E Milford Connecticut, NE USA 41°12´N 73°01´W Milford var. Milford City. Delaware, NE USA 38°54´N 75°25´W Milford Iowa, C USA 43°19´N 95°09´W Milford Maine, NE USA 44°57´N 68°37´W Milford Nebraska, C USA 40°46´N 97°03´W Milford New Hampshire, NE USA 42°49´N 71°38´W Milford Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°20´N 74°48´W Milford Texas, SW USA 32°07´N 96°57´W Milford Utah, W USA 38°22´N 112°57´W Milford see Milford Haven Milford City see Milford Milford Haven prev. Milford. SW Wales, United Kingdom 51°44´N 05°02´W Milford Lake d Kansas, C USA Milford Sound Southland, South Island, New Zealand 44°41´S 167°57´E Milford Sound inlet South Island, New Zealand Milhau see Millau Milḩ, Baḩr al see Razāzah, Buḩayrat ar Milḩ, Wādī al dry watercourse S Iraq Mili Atoll var. Mile. atoll Ratak Chain, SE Marshall Islands Milicz Dolnośląskie, SW Poland 51°32´N 17°15´E

107 L25 Militello in Val di Catania Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 37°17´N 14°47´E

11 R17 Milk River Alberta, SW Canada 49°10´N 112°06´W 44 J13 Milk River j C Jamaica 33 W7 Milk River j Montana, NW USA 80 D9 Milk, Wadi el var. Wadi al Malik. j C Sudan 99 L14 Mill Noord-Brabant, SE Netherlands 51°42´N 05°46´E 103 P14 Millau var. Milhau; anc. Æmilianum. Aveyron, S France 44°06´N 03°05´E 14 I14 Millbrook Ontario, SE Canada 44°09´N 78°26´W 23 U4 Milledgeville Georgia, SE USA 33°04´N 83°13´W 12 C12 Mille Lacs, Lac des c Ontario, S Canada 29 V6 Mille Lacs Lake c Minnesota, N USA 23 V4 Millen Georgia, SE USA 32°50´N 81°56´W Millennium Island prev. Caroline Island, Thornton Island. atoll Line Islands, E Kiribati 29 O9 Miller South Dakota, N USA 44°31´N 98°59´W 30 K5 Miller Dam Flowage c Wisconsin, N USA 39 U12 Miller, Mount l Alaska, USA 60°29´N 142°16´W

191 Y5

Millerovo – Mogilëvskaya oblast’ 126 L10 Millerovo Rostovskaya Oblast’, SW Russian Federation 48°57´N 40°26´E 37 N17 Miller Peak l Arizona, SW USA 31°23´N 110°17´W 31 T12 Millersburg Ohio, N USA 40°33´N 81°55´W

18 G15 Millersburg Pennsylvania, NE USA 40°31´N 76°56´W 185 D23 Millers Flat Otago, South Island, New Zealand 45°42´S 169°25´E 25 Q8 Millersview Texas, SW USA 31°26´N 99°44´W 106 B10 Millesimo Piemonte, NE Italy 44°24´N 08°09´E

12 C12 Milles Lacs, Lac des c Ontario, SW Canada 25 Q13 Millett Texas, SW USA 28°33´N 99°10´W

103 N11 Millevaches, Plateau de plateau C France 182 K12 Millicent South Australia 37°29´S 140°01´E

98 M13 Millingen aan den Rijn Gelderland, SE Netherlands 20 E10 19 R4 19 R4 195 Z11 183 T3 109 R9 97 B19 18 J17 27 S13

186 G10 64 J8 29 Q6 19 R5 115 I22 110 H11 113 K19 117 Z5 182 L4 35 N9

51°52´N 06°02´E Millington Tennessee, S USA 35°20´N 89°54´W Millinocket Maine, NE USA 45°38´N 68°45´W Millinocket Lake c Maine, NE USA Mill Island island Antarctica Millmerran Queensland, E Australia 27°53´S 151°15´E Millstatt Kärnten, S Austria 46°45´N 13°36´E Milltown Malbay Ir. Sráid na Cathrach. W Ireland 52°51´N 09°23´W Millville New Jersey, NE USA 39°24´N 75°01´W Millwood Lake d Arkansas, C USA Milne Bank see Milne Seamounts Milne Bay r province SE Papua New Guinea Milne Seamounts var. Milne Bank. undersea feature N Atlantic Ocean Milnor North Dakota, N USA 46°15´N 97°27´W Milo Maine, NE USA 45°15´N 69°01´W Mílos island Kykládes, Greece, Aegean Sea Mílos see Pláka Miłosław Wielkopolskie, C Poland 52°13´N 17°28´E Milot var. Miloti. Lezhë, C Albania 41°42´N 19°43´E Miloti see Milot Milove Luhans’ka Oblast’, E Ukraine 49°22´N 40°09´E Milovidy see Milavidy Milparinka New South Wales, SE Australia 29°48´S 141°57´E Milpitas California, W USA 37°25´N 121°54´W

Mil’skaya Ravnina/ Mil’skaya Step’ see Mil Düzü 14 G15 Milton Ontario, S Canada 43°31´N 79°53´W

185 E24 Milton Otago, South Island, New Zealand 46°08´S 169°59´E 21 Y4 Milton Delaware, NE USA 23 P8 18 G14 18 L7 32 K11 97 N21

38°48´N 75°21´W Milton Florida, SE USA 30°37´N 87°02´W Milton Pennsylvania, NE USA 41°01´N 76°49´W Milton Vermont, NE USA 44°37´N 73°04´W Milton-Freewater Oregon, NW USA 45°54´N 118°24´W Milton Keynes SE England, United Kingdom 52°N 00°43´W Miltonvale Kansas, C USA 39°21´N 97°27´W Miluo Hunan, S China 28°52´N 113°00´E Milwaukee Wisconsin, N USA 43°03´N 87°56´W Milyang see Miryang Mimatum see Mende

63 G17 Minchinmávida, Volcán i S Chile 42°51´S 72°23´W 96 G7 Minch, The var. North Minch. strait NW Scotland, United Kingdom 106 F8 Mincio anc. Mincius. j N Italy Mincius see Mincio 26 M11 Minco Oklahoma, C USA

77 U14 Minna Niger, C Nigeria

171 Q7 Mindanao island S Philippines Mindanao Sea see Bohol Sea 101 J23 Mindel j S Germany 101 J23 Mindelheim Bayern, S Germany 48°03´N 10°30´E Mindello see Mindelo 76 C9 Mindelo var. Mindello; prev. Porto Grande. São Vicente, N Cape Verde 16°54´N 25°01´W 14 I13 Minden Ontario, SE Canada

44°53´N 93°13´W 11 W16 Minnedosa Manitoba, S Canada 50°14´N 99°50´W 26 J7 Minneola Kansas, C USA 37°26´N 100°00´W 29 S7 Minnesota off. State of Minnesota, also known as Gopher State, New England of the West, North Star State. r state N USA

44°54´N 78°41´W

100 H13 Minden anc. Minthun. Nordrhein-Westfalen, NW Germany 52°18´N 08°55´E 22 G5 Minden Louisiana, S USA 29 O16 35 Q6 182 L8 171 O4 171 N5 97 J23 97 E21 59 J19 25 V6 25 S13

32°37´N 93°17´W Minden Nebraska, C USA 40°30´N 98°57´W Minden Nevada, W USA 38°58´N 119°47´W Mindona Lake seasonal lake New South Wales, SE Australia Mindoro island N Philippines Mindoro Strait strait W Philippines Minehead SW England, United Kingdom 51°13´N 03°29´W Mine Head Ir. Mionn Ard. headland S Ireland 51°58´N 07°36´W Mineiros Goiás, C Brazil 17°34´S 52°33´W Mineola Texas, SW USA 32°39´N 95°29´W Mineral Texas, SW USA 28°32´N 97°54´W

79 E19 35 T7 143 S14 149 R9 165 X17 165 R5 164 B16 164 C14

164 C17

62 J4 173 O3 61 F19 13 P15 61 F17 44 A5

44°12´N 01°12´W Mimmaya see Minmaya Mimongo Ngounié, C Gabon 01°36´S 11°44´E Min see Fujian Mina Nevada, W USA 38°23´N 118°07´W Mīnāb Hormozgān, SE Iran 27°08´N 57°02´E Mînâ Baranîs see Baranīs Mīna Bāzār Baluchistān, SW Pakistan 30°58´N 69°11´E Minami-Awaji see Nandan Minami-Iō-jima Eng. San Augustine. island SE Japan Minami-Kayabe Hokkaidō, NE Japan 41°54´N 140°58´E Minamisatsuma var. Kaseda. Kagoshima, Kyūshū, SW Japan 31°25´N 130°17´E Minamishimabara var. Kuchinotsu. Nagasaki, Kyūshū, SW Japan 32°36´N 130°11´E Minamitane Kagoshima, Tanega-shima, SW Japan 30°23´N 130°54´E Minami Tori Shima see Marcus Island Min’an see Longshan Mina Pirquitas Jujuy, NW Argentina 22°48´S 66°24´W Mīnā’ Qābūs NE Oman Minas Lavalleja, S Uruguay 34°20´S 55°15´W Minas Basin bay Nova Scotia, SE Canada Minas de Corrales Rivera, NE Uruguay 31°35´S 55°20´W

Minas de Matahambre Pinar del Río, W Cuba 22°34´N 83°57´W

104 J13 Minas de Ríotinto Andalucía, S Spain 37°40´N 06°36´W

Minas Gerais off. Estado de Minas Gerais. r state E Brazil Minas Gerais, Estado de see Minas Gerais 42 E5 Minas, Sierra de las m E Guatemala 41 T15 Minatitlán Veracruz-Llave, E Mexico 17°59´N 94°32´W 166 L6 Minbu Magway, W Myanmar (Burma) 20°09´N 94°52´E 149 V10 Minchinābād Punjab, E Pakistan 30°10´N 73°40´E 60 K7

30 L12 28 M3 159 U8 119 J16

119 K16

119 J16

38°12´N 112°56´W

31 U12 Minerva Ohio, N USA

119 J16

107 N17 Minervino Murge Puglia, SE Italy 41°06´N 16°05´E 103 O16 Minervois physical region S France 158 I10 Minfeng var. Niya. Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China

110 N12

40°43´N 81°06´W

37°07´N 82°43´E 79 O25 Minga Katanga, SE Dem. Rep. Congo 11°06´S 27°57´E 137 W11 Mingäçevir Rus. Mingechaur, Mingechevir. C Azerbaijan 40°46´N 47°02´E

79 F15 149 W2 115 D20 13 O14 10 H6 39 R9

50°19´N 64°02´W

146 K8 146 K9

105 Q10 31 V13 163 V7

83 Q14

159 U10

166 L6 167 S14 104 G5 104 G5

155 C24 33 P15 118 C11 180 G9 14 E8 45 T12 11 V15 186 D7 161 R12 160 H10 182 H9 159 S9 165 Q6

Mingāora see Saīdu Mingbuloq Rus. Mynbulak. Navoiy Viloyati, N Uzbekistan 42°18´N 62°53´E

29 Q3 12 K6 195 R16 11 U17 189 R15 37 R4 107 J16 122 K13

32°45´N 117°59´E Mingin Sagaing, C Myanmar (Burma) 22°51´N 94°30´E Minglanilla CastillaLa Mancha, C Spain 39°32´N 01°36´W Mingo Junction Ohio, N USA 40°19´N 80°36´W Mingora see Saīdu Mingshui Heilongjiang, NE China 47°10´N 125°53´E Mingtekl Daban see Mintaka Pass Mingu see Zhenfeng Minguri Nampula, NE Mozambique 14°30´S 40°37´E Mingzhou see Suide Minhe var. Chuankou; prev. Minhe Huizu Tuzu Zizhixian, Shangchuankou. Qinghai, C China 36°21´N 102°40´E Minhe Huizu Tuzu Zizhixian see Minhe Minhla Magway, W Myanmar (Burma) 19°58´N 95°03´E Minh Lng Kiên Giang, S Vietnam 09°52´N 105°10´E Minho former province N Portugal Minho, Rio Sp. Miño. j Portugal/Spain see also Miño Minho, Rio see Miño Minicoy Island island SW India Minidoka Idaho, NW USA 42°45´N 113°29´W Minija j W Lithuania Minilya Western Australia 23°45´S 114°03´E Minisinakwa Lake c Ontario, S Canada Ministre Point headland S Saint Lucia 13°42´N 60°57´W Minitonas Manitoba, S Canada 52°07´N 101°02´W Minius see Miño Minj Jiwaka, Papua New Guinea 05°55´S 144°37´E Min Jiang j SE China Min Jiang j C China Minlaton South Australia 34°52´S 137°33´E Minle Gansu, N China Minmaya var. Mimmaya. Aomori, Honshū, C Japan 41°10´N 140°24´E

Country Country Capital

119 L16

31 Q13

137 W11 Mingäçevir Su Anbarı Rus. Mingechaurskoye Vodokhranilishche, Mingechevirskoye Vodokhranilishche. d NW Azerbaijan 166 L8 Mingaladon k (Yangon) Yangon, SW Myanmar (Burma) 16°55´N 96°11´E 13 P11 Mingan Québec, E Canada

166 L4

27°01´S 132°33´E

30 L4

44°13´N 43°06´E

102 J14 Mimizan Landes, SW France

30 M9

Minnesota River j Minnesota/South Dakota, N USA 29 V9 Minnetonka Minnesota, N USA 44°55´N 93°28´W 29 O3 Minnewaukan North Dakota, N USA 29 S9

104 G5

Mineral Point Wisconsin, N USA 42°54´N 90°09´W 25 S6 Mineral Wells Texas, SW USA 32°48´N 98°06´W 36 K6 Minersville Utah, W USA 30 K9

29 U9 Minneapolis Minnesota, N USA 44°59´N 93°16´W 29 V8 Minneapolis-Saint Paul k Minnesota, N USA

182 F7

127 N15 Mineral’nyye Vody Stavropol’skiy Kray, SW Russian Federation

37 Q15 Mimbres Mountains m New Mexico, SW USA 182 D2 Mimili South Australia

161 N10

39°08´N 97°43´W

35°18´N 97°56´W

Mingbuloq Botig‘I Rus. Vpadina Mynbulak. depression N Uzbekistan Mingechaur/Mingechevir see Mingäçevir Mingechaurskoye Vodokhranilishche/ Mingechevirskoye Vodokhranilishche see Mingäçevir Su Anbarı 161 Q7 Mingguang prev. Jiashan. Anhui, SE China

27 N3

09°33´N 06°33´E

165 P16 Minna-jima island Sakishima-shotō, SW Japan 27 N4 Minneapolis Kansas, C USA

108 G11 79 E17 141 R13 159 V11

31 R6

158 L5 119 I17 106 H8 12 K15 60 Q8 54 G9 40 G10 44 L9 155 E16 61 E23 103 R15 102 K12

48°04´N 99°14´W Minnipa South Australia 32°52´S 135°07´E Miño var. Mino, Minius, Port. Rio Minho. j Portugal/Spain see also Minho, Rio Miño see Minho, Rio Minocqua Wisconsin, N USA 45°53´N 89°42´W Minonk Illinois, N USA 40°54´N 89°01´W Minorca see Menorca Minot North Dakota, N USA 48°15´N 101°19´W Minqin Gansu, N China 38°35´N 103°07´E Minsk a (Belarus) Horad Minsk, C Belarus 53°52´N 27°34´E Minsk-2 see Minsk National Minskaya Oblast’ see Minskaya Voblasts’ Minskaya Voblasts’ prev. Rus. Minskaya Oblast’. r province C Belarus

Minskaya Vozvyshennost’ see Minskaye Wzvyshsha Minskaye Wzvyshsha Rus. Minskaya Vozvyshennost’. m C Belarus Minsk, Gorod see Minsk, Horad Minsk, Horad Russ. Gorod Minsk. r province C Belarus Mińsk Mazowiecki var. Nowo-Minsk. Mazowieckie, C Poland 52°10´N 21°31´E Minsk National prev. Minsk-2. k Minskaya Voblasts’, C Belarus

53°52´N 27°58´E Minster Ohio, N USA 40°23´N 84°22´W Minta Centre, C Cameroon 04°34´N 12°54´E Mintaka Pass Chin. Mingtekl Daban. pass China/ Pakistan Mínthi m S Greece Minthun see Minden Minto New Brunswick, SE Canada 46°05´N 66°05´W Minto Yukon, W Canada 62°33´N 136°45´W Minto Alaska, USA 65°07´N 149°22´W Minto North Dakota, N USA 48°17´N 97°22´W Minto, Lac c Québec, C Canada Minto, Mount l Antarctica 71°38´S 169°11´E Minton Saskatchewan, S Canada 49°12´N 104°33´W Minto Reef atoll Caroline Islands, C Micronesia Minturn Colorado, C USA 39°34´N 106°21´W Minturno Lazio, C Italy 41°15´N 13°47´E Minusinsk Krasnoyarskiy Kray, S Russian Federation 53°37´N 91°49´E Minusio Ticino, S Switzerland 46°11´N 08°47´E Minvoul Woleu-Ntem, N Gabon 02°08´N 12°12´E Minwakh N Yemen 16°55´N 48°04´E Minxian var. Min Xian, Minyang. Gansu, C China 34°20´N 104°09´E Min Xian see Minxian Minya see Al Minyā Minyang see Minxian Mio Michigan, N USA 44°40´N 84°09´W Mionn Ard see Mine Head Miory see Myory Miquan Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 44°04´N 87°40´E Mir Hrodzyenskaya Voblasts’, W Belarus 53°25´N 26°28´E Mira Veneto, NE Italy 45°25´N 12°07´E Mirabel var. Montreal. k (Montréal) Québec, SE Canada 45°27´N 73°47´W Miracema Rio de Janeiro, SE Brazil 21°24´S 42°10´W Miraflores Boyacá, C Colombia 05°07´N 73°09´W Miraflores Baja California Sur, NW Mexico 23°24´N 109°45´W Miragoâne S Haiti 18°25´N 73°07´W Miraj Mahārāshtra, W India 16°51´N 74°42´E Miramar Buenos Aires, E Argentina 38°15´S 57°50´W Miramas Bouches-du-Rhône, SE France 43°33´N 05°02´E Mirambeau CharenteMaritime, W France 45°23´N 00°33´W

102 L13 Miramont-de-Guyenne Lot-et-Garonne, SW France 44°34´N 00°20´E

115 L25 Mirampéllou Kólpos gulf Kríti, Greece, E Mediterranean Sea 158 L8 Miran Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, NW China 39°13´N 88°58´E

54 M5 Miranda off. Estado Miranda. r state N Venezuela Miranda de Corvo see Miranda do Corvo 105 O3 Miranda de Ebro La Rioja, N Spain 42°41´N 02°57´W

Dependent Territory Dependent Territory Capital

104 G8 Miranda do Corvo var. Miranda de Corvo. Coimbra, N Portugal 104 J6

40°05´N 08°20´W

Miranda do Douro Bragança, N Portugal 41°30´N 06°16´W

Miranda, Estado see Miranda 102 L15 Mirande Gers, S France

43°31´N 00°25´E 104 I6 Mirandela Bragança, N Portugal 41°28´N 07°10´W 25 R15 Mirando City Texas, SW USA 27°24´N 99°00´W 106 G9 Mirandola Emilia-Romagna, N Italy 44°52´N 11°04´E 60 I8 Mirandópolis São Paulo, S Brazil 21°10´S 51°03´W 104 G13 Mira, Rio j S Portugal 60 K8 Mirassol São Paulo, S Brazil 20°50´S 49°30´W 104 J3 Miravalles l NW Spain 42°52´N 06°45´W

42 L12 Miravalles, Volcán i NW Costa Rica 10°43´N 85°07´W

141 W13 Mirbāţ var. Marbat. S Oman 17°03´N 54°44´E

44 M9 Mirebalais C Haiti 103 103 139 169 77 182 54 61

172 143 195 124 123

110

100 152 149 149 149 143

115 163

164 41 165 57 163 31

18°51´N 72°08´W T6 Mirecourt Vosges, NE France 48°19´N 06°04´E N16 Mirepoix Ariège, S France 43°05´N 01°51´E Mirgorod see Myrhorod W10 Mīr Ḩājī Khalīl Wāsiţ, E Iraq 32°11´N 46°19´E T8 Miri Sarawak, East Malaysia 04°23´N 113°59´E W12 Miria Zinder, S Niger 13°39´N 09°15´E F5 Mirikata South Australia 29°56´S 135°13´E K4 Mirimire Falcón, N Venezuela 11°14´N 68°39´W H18 Mirim Lagoon var. Lake Mirim, Sp. Laguna Merín. lagoon Brazil/Uruguay Mirim, Lake see Mirim Lagoon Mírina see Mýrina H14 Miringoni Mohéli, S Comoros 12°17´S 93°39´E W11 Mīrjāveh Sīstān va Balūchestān, SE Iran 29°04´N 61°24´E Z9 Mirny Russian research station Antarctica 66°25´S 93°09´E M10 Mirnyy Arkhangel’skaya Oblast’, NW Russian Federation 62°50´N 40°20´E O10 Mirnyy Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), NE Russian Federation 62°30´N 113°58´E Mironovka see Myronivka F9 Mirosławiec Zachodniopomorskie, NW Poland 53°21´N 16°04´E Mirovo see Vrattsa N10 Mirow MecklenburgVorpommern, N Germany 53°16´N 12°48´E G6 Mīrpur Jammu and Kashmir, NW India 33°06´N 73°49´E Mīrpur see New Mīrpur P17 Mīrpur Batoro Sind, SE Pakistan 24°40´N 68°15´E Q16 Mīrpur Khās Sind, SE Pakistan 25°31´N 69°01´E P17 Mīrpur Sakro Sind, SE Pakistan 24°32´N 67°38´E T14 Mīr Shahdād Hormozgān, S Iran 26°15´N 58°29´E Mirtoan Sea see Mirtóo Pélagos G21 Mirtóo Pélagos Eng. Mirtoan Sea; anc. Myrtoum Mare. sea S Greece Z16 Miryang var. Milyang, Jap. Mitsuō. SE South Korea 35°30´N 128°46´E Mirzachirla see Murzechirla E14 Misaki Ehime, Shikoku, SW Japan 33°22´N 132°04´E Mīsān see Maysān Q13 Misantla Veracruz-Llave, E Mexico 19°54´N 96°51´W R7 Misawa Aomori, Honshū, C Japan 40°42´N 141°26´E G14 Mishagua, Río j C Peru Z8 Mishan Heilongjiang, NE China 45°30´N 131°53´E O11 Mishawaka Indiana, N USA 41°40´N 86°10´W

39 N6 Misheguk Mountain l Alaska, USA

14 D6 Missinaibi j Ontario, S Canada 11 T13 Missinipe Saskatchewan, C Canada 55°36´N 104°45´W 28 M11 Mission South Dakota, N USA 43°16´N 100°38´W 25 S17 Mission Texas, SW USA 12 F10 18 M6 14 C10 14 G15

31 P12 Mississinewa Lake d Indiana, N USA 31 P12 Mississinewa River j Indiana/Ohio, N USA 22 K4 Mississippi off. State of Mississippi, also known as Bayou State, Magnolia State. r state SE USA 14 K13 Mississippi j Ontario, SE Canada 47 N1 Mississippi Fan undersea feature N Gulf of Mexico 26°45´N 88°30´W

14 L13 Mississippi Lake c Ontario, SE Canada 22 M10 Mississippi Delta delta Louisiana, S USA 0 J11 Mississippi River j C USA 22 M9 Mississippi Sound sound Alabama/Mississippi, S USA 33 P9 Missoula Montana, NW USA 46°54´N 114°03´W Missouri off. State of Missouri, also known as Bullion State, Show Me State. r state C USA 25 V11 Missouri City Texas, SW USA 29°37´N 95°32´W 0 J10 Missouri River j C USA 15 Q6 Mistassibi j Québec, SE Canada 15 P6 Mistassini j Québec, SE Canada 12 J11 Mistassini, Lac c Québec, SE Canada

27 T5

35°08´N 138°54´E

164 E12 Mi-shima island SW Japan 127 V4 Mishkino Respublika Bashkortostan, W Russian Federation 55°31´N 55°57´E 153 Y10 Mishmi Hills hill range NE India 161 N11 Mi Shui j S China Misiaf see Maşyāf 107 J23 Misilmeri Sicilia, Italy, C Mediterranean Sea 38°03´N 13°27´E Misima see Mishima 14 C7 Missinaibi Lake c Ontario, S Canada Misión de Guana see Guana 60 F13 Misiones off. Provincia de Misiones. r province NE Argentina 62 P8 Misiones off. Departamento de las Misiones. r department S Paraguay

Misiones, Departamento de las see Misiones Misiones, Provincia de see Misiones Misión San Fernando see San Fernando Miskin see Maskin Miskito Coast see La Mosquitia 43 O7 Miskitos, Cayos island group NE Nicaragua 111 M21 Miskolc Borsod-AbaújZemplén, NE Hungary 48°05´N 20°46´E

171 T12 Misool, Pulau island Papua B