Reduction in Organic Synthesis 9783031376856, 9783031376863, 9789380618326

Table of contents :
Preface
Contents
Chapter 1
Introduction
Chapter 2
Different Types of Reducing Agents
2.1 CATALYTIC HYDROGENATION
2.1.1 Heterogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenation
2.1.2 Homogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenations
2.1.3 Asymmetric Homogeneous Catalytic Hydrogenations
2.2 HYDRIDE-TRANSFER REAGENTS
2.2.1 Aluminium Alkoxides
2.2.2 Lithium Aluminium Hydride
2.2.3 Sodium Borohydride
2.2.4 Di-isobutylaluminium Hydride (DIBAL)
2.2.5 Sodium Cyanoborohydride
2.2.6 Trialkylborohydrides
2.2.7 Borane and Dialkylboranes
2.3 DISSOLVING METAL REDUCTIONS
2.3.1 Electrolytic Reduction
2.3.2 Reduction with Sodium
2.3.3 Reductions with Magnesium
2.3.4 Reductions with Aluminium
2.3.5 Reductions with Zinc
2.3.6 Reductions with Iron
2.3.7 Reductions with Tin and Its Compounds
2.4 NON-METALLIC REDUCING AGENTS
2.4.1 Reduction with Hydrogen Iodide
2.4.2 Reductions with Hydrogen Sulphide
2.4.3 Reductions with Sulphur Dioxide
2.4.4 Reductions with Dimethyl Sulphide
2.4.5 Reductions with Hydrazine
2.4.6 Reductions with Diimide
2.4.7 Reductions with Silanes
2.4.8 Reductions with Formic acid
2.5 PHOTOCHEMICAL REDUCTIONS
2.6 ENZYMATIC OR MICROBIAL REDUCTIONS
Chapter 3
Reduction of Specific Types of Organic Compounds
3.1 REDUCTION OF HYDROCARBONS
3.1.1 Reduction of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes
3.1.2 Reduction of Alkenes and Cycloalkenes
3.1.3 Reduction of Dienes
3.1.4. Reduction of Alkynes and Cycloalkynes
3.1.5 Reduction of Aromatic Compounds
3.1.6 Reduction of Condensed Aromatic Hydrocarbons
3.1.7 Reduction of Heterocyclic Compounds
3.2 REDUCTION OF ALCOHOLS AND PHENOLS
3.3 REDUCTION OF ALDEHYDES
3.4 REDUCTION OF KETONES
3.5 REDUCTION OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND ITS DERIVATIVES
3.6 REDUCTION OF NITRO COMPOUNDS
3.7 REDUCTION OF NITRILES
Chapter 4
Hydrogenolysis
4.1 HYDROGENOLYSIS OF C–X BOND
4.2 HYDROGENOLYSIS OF C–O BOND
4.3 REDUCTIVE CLEAVAGE OF A CARBON OXYGEN DOUBLE BOND
4.4 REDUCTIVE CLEAVAGE CARBON-NITROGEN BOND
4.5 REDUCTIVE CLEAVAGE OF CARBON-SULPHUR BONDS
Chapter 5 Enzymatic or Microbial Reduction
5.1 REDUCTION OF β-KETOESTERS
5.2 REDUCTION OF KETONES AND ALDEHYDES
Chapter 6
Some Reductions under Benign Conditions
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 REDUCTION OF CARBON-CARBON DOUBLE BONDS
6.3 REDUCTION OF CARBON-CARBON TRIPLE BONDS
6.4 REDUCTION OF CARBONYL COMPOUNDS
6.5 REDUCTION OF ESTERS
6.6 REDUCTION OF AROMATIC RINGS
Suggested Readings
Index

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