Proposed memorial hospital for Culver City, California

436 19 1MB

English Pages 49

Report DMCA / Copyright

DOWNLOAD FILE

Polecaj historie

Density, Energy and Metabolism of a proposed smart city
Density, Energy and Metabolism of a proposed smart city

This paper reports on a detailed analysis of the metabolism of the Island City of Mumbai should the Indian Government’s proposal for ‘smart’ cities be implemented. It focuses on the environmental impact of increased population density achieved by demolishing existing medium-rise (3-5 storey) housing and replacing it with the proposed high-rise (40-60 storey) towers. The resulting increase in density places a burden on the demand on such things as electricity and water and simultaneously increases the output flows of drainage, solid waste and greenhouse gas production. An extended urban metabolism analysis is carried out on a proposed development in Mumbai (Bhendi Bazaar) that has been put forward as an exemplar case study by the Government. The flows of energy, water and wastes are calculated based on precedents and from first principles. The results of the case study are then extrapolated across the City in order to identify the magnitude of increased demands and wastes should the ‘smart’ city proposals be fully realised. Mumbai is the densest city in the world. It already suffers from repeated blackouts, water rationing and inadequate waste and sewage treatment. The results of the study indicate, on a per capita basis, increasing density will have a significant further detrimental effect on the environment. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY URBAN AFFAIRS (2017) 1(2), 57-68. https://doi.org/10.25034/ijcua.2017.3648

0 0 1MB Read more

Proposed memorial hospital for Culver City, California

Citation preview

PROPOSED MEMORIAL HOSPITAL FOR CULVER CITY, CALIFORNIA

A Thesis Presented to the College of Architecture University of Southern California

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Architecture

by Fouad Amin Sami Hassouna January 19$0

UMI Number: EP54691

All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.

D i& saitaion Publishing

UMI EP54691 Published by ProQuest LLC (2014). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code

ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346

T h is thesis, w r it t e n by

FOUAD..AMIN..SAIH.-HASSQUNA............. u n d e r the g u id a n c e o f and approved

/z..&SL_F a c u l t y

by a l l

C o m m itte e ,

its m em bers, has

been

presented to a n d accepted by the C o u n c i l on G r a d u a te S tu d y a n d R e s ea rch in p a r t i a l f u l f i l l ­ m ent o f the re q u ire m e n ts f o r the degree o f

MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE

Dean D ate

J a M C T .1 9 5 0

TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER

PAGE

I. INTRODUCTION.....................

1

Statement of the problem.......

2

Importance of the s t u d y .......

2

II. BACKGROUND.......................

3

Classification of hospitals

........

3

Statistics for hospital facilities • •

J4.

III. GENERAL HOSPITAL STANDARDS . .......... The environment

...

7

The patients * relation to the hospital

8

The departments

of the hospital

7

of the hospital

• • •

13

IV. ELEMENTS OF CULVER CITY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL.......................

26

Location of the hospital . . . . . . .

26

Departments of the proposed hospital •

26

V. SUMMARY....................... The p r o b l e m ...................

38 38

The o r i e n t a t i o n ................. ..

38

The p l a n ......................... . .

38

The air conditioning s y s t e m ...

39

Construction...................

lj.0

BIBLIOGRAPHY................................

J4.I

L IS T OP TABLES

TABLE I. II.

PAGE Elements of the Administration Department

28

Elements of the Adjunct Diagnostic and Treatment Facilities................. . .

29

III.

Elements of the Nursing Department........

31

IV.

Elements of the N u r s e r y ..................

32

Elements of the Obstetrics Department

33

V* VI.

Elements of the Surgical Department

... • • • •

3^4-

VII.

Elements of the Emergency Department . . . .

35

VIII.

Elements of the Service Department........

36

LIST OP FIGURES FIGURE

PAGE

1* Hospital Approach ........................

9

2. Patients1 Relation to Service Departments .

12

3* Key Flow Chart • •

ll+

Ij.. Adjunct Diagnostic Facilities Flow Chart 5* Nursing Department Flow Chart

.

18

..........

19

6. Obstetrics DepartmentFlowC h a r t ..........

21

7* Surgery Flow C h a r t .......................

22

8. The Relation and Sizes oftheVarious Departments in the Culver City Memorial Hospital......................

27

CHAPTER

X

INTRODUCTION The duty of the general hospital today is much more than a place for the care of the sick or a doctor’s work­ shop.

It has another duty to those who may never occupy

a hospital bed and that is through the provision of mod­ ern clinical facilities wherein all doctors of medicine in the community may advance their knowledge of medical science. To provide care of equal quality to both poor and rich citizens of the community is a further duty of the hospital. The design of the hospital grows more complex with the increasing diversification of therapeutic and diagnostic procedures and the broadening of its client­ ele and practices.

Many general hospitals now have as

many as thirty-six different groups under medical, sur­ gical, obstetrical and pediatric services in the private, semi-private, pay and free ward classifications. Each hospital is a problem of its own.

The type

of patient to be treated, distribution of services, facilities furnished, number of beds and many other de­ tails of planning and operation are influenced by local factors.

2

Statement of the problem.

It is the purpose of

this thesis to design a one hundred bed General Hospital to be located in Culver City*

The hospital will include

the following facilities: Administration Department Service Department Adjunct Diagnostic and Treatment Facilities Surgical Department Obstretics Department Pediatrics Department Isolation Department The special features of this general hospital are: Out-patient department Emergency Department Importance of the study*

According to the min­

imum standards of hospitals, it is necessary to have at least four hospital beds for one thousand population* The district comprising Culver City, Beverly Hills, Westwood, Santa Monica, and Venice has but 1*60 beds for a thousand population. With this comparison in view, it is obvious that Culver City is in great need of a hospital.

CHAPTER I I

BACKGROUND Classification of hospitals*

All hospitals may

b© divided into two categories, general or special*

The

size varies greatly; some having as few as five or seven beds, while others have thousands*

Hospitals having less

than one hundred beds are considered small and these com­ prise about two-thirds of all American hospitals, yet they contain only about 13*5 per cent of the total number of beds*

Hospitals may also be classified as teaching

and non-teaching, registered and non-registered, approved and non-approved'.

The latter classification refers to

the rating by the American College of Surgeons* The Journal of the American Medical Association has published a table listing the hospital facilities in the United States in 1914-2*

Prom that table,

beds

were ;listed as approved by the American College of Sur­ geons, or a little more than half the entire number of beds in hospitals in the United States*

This is a re­

grettable fact, and it would seem that the main reason for such a condition undoubtedly lies with the origin of the institution itself.

Amateur and unscientific

planning may also contribute to this factor*^

1+

Hospital planning must be done by intelligent and skillful people who are capable of planning a prog­ ram analytically, and are not content with second-hand solutions nor with habitual repetition of old forms and techniques. Statistics for hospital facilities.

A statis-

.tical document published in 1940 by the United States Public Health Service examined the existence and use of hospital facilities among the states in relation to wealth as expressed by per capitaincome.

More than

400,000 beds distributed among 4»5>00 registered hos­ pitals represented the aggregate general and allied special facilities owned by non-federal agencies. California ranked fourth in per capita wealth at that time.

However, as to beds per thousand population,

California with

per thousand ranked sixth, and her

percentage of beds occupied was 74*3*

On the other

hand, the estimated annual payment per $1,000 of in­ come within the state for care in hospitals placed California in ninth position.

These statistics showed

further that California contributed more money to hos­ pitals from taxes than any other state, and showed that

^ Isadore Rosenfield, Hospitals, Integrated De­ sign. Progressive Architecture Library. New York: Reinhold Publishing Corporation, p. 5.

5

the support of hospitals in the state rested to the extent of thirty-nine per cent upon the tax-payer, while the average for all the other states was twenty-four per cent.

This would indicate that the poorer inhabitants

of this state spend proportionately less of their income for such matters as hospital services than they are required to spend in other states.

2

Since 191+0, the deficiency in the number of hos­ pital beds in Los Angeles and surrounding areas has be­ come steadily more acute.

The figure for the state of

California in 191+0 was l+.lj.2 beds per one thousand popu­ lation.

Many authorities consider that four beds per

one thousand population is the absolute minimum.

At the

present.time, the United Hospital Fund of Los Angeles County has found that the Los Angeles county area now has only 2.8 beds per one thousand population, and that the district consisting of Culver City, Beverly Hills, Westwood, Santa Monica and Venice has only 1.60 beds per one thousand population.

Since the population of

this district is 1^-70,2l+l, the district is, according to the absolute minimum standard, in need of 1,129 beds. Many general hospitals now have medical, surgical, 2

United States Public Health Service, Public Health Reports. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. Part 1, Nos. 1-26, January-June, 191+0, pp. 83 7-81+6 .

obstetrical and pediatric services which require seventy per cent of the total floor area, leaving but thirty per cent for patients• The simple functional design is replacing the traditional monumental structure in later years*

In­

creasingly, new hospitals are of multi-story, block type which fulfills Its requirements with a minimum of investment and cost of operation.

Trends In design tend

to minimize waste space, to insure quiet, and to fill the hospital with color.

Mechanical equipment is being

simplified, and air conditioning is being widely con­ sidered.

Two of the most vital hospital design cri­

teria are economy of operation and flexibility. Fundamental requirements include orientation of bed accomodations for air and sunlight; location for quietness; and general planning for economy of opera­ tion and maintenance.

CHAPTER I I I

GENERAL HOSPITAL STANDARDS The development of a general hospital has to take into consideration three broad aspects, namely: environment of the hospital, to the hospital, and

(1) the

(2) the patients1 relation

(3) the departments of the hospital

The environment of the h o s p i t a l The utilities supplying the hospital site should be adequate and pre­ vailing winds should be free from industrial smoke. The major problem consists of the public and ser­ vice approaches to the hospital* The public approach will serve patients, visitors, and staff, as well as out-patients and emergency facil­ ities.

The hospital entrance for patients, visitors and

staff should be a direct approach to the entrance doors of the hospital.

The out-patient entrance should be

clearly seen from the main entrance.

The emergency en­

trance should have its approach from the main public approach, but should be screened from the view of the hospital entrance and from the patients* rooms.

The

^ Design and Construction of General Hospitals. A Study Prepared by The FederalSecurity Agency, Public Health Service, Division of Hospital Facilities. Chicago The Modern Hospital Publishing Co., Inc., pp. 9-12.

8

public approach is planned as a connection between street and administration departments and must be provided with ample parking space for visitors and staff# The service approach should be at one point and should serve all delivery of hospital supplies, removal of waste and the morgue.

This approach should also serve

the employees and provide parking for them as well*

It

should serve as a connection between street and storage with no patients’ rooms looking onto it. The accompanying diagram of the hospital approach is illustrative of the above points.

(Figure 1).

2 The patients’ relation to the hospital.

The

obvious goal of the hospital is the well-being of its patients.

The entering patient must be brought to the

information desk, perhaps to the social service desk, and then to the patient’s room.

This line of traffic flow

is also followed by visitors, and so constitutes the major line of traffic within the building.

This line

must be kept simple and direct. The external elements of the hospital as they re­ late to the patient are:

the nursing department, the

adjunct diagnostic and treatment facilities, the surgi­ cal department, and the obstetric department. 2 Ibid., pp. 13-17.

These

SERVICE S T R E E T

H 0 SPI T A L

MAIN

PUBLIC

APPROACH

FIGURE 1 HOSPITAL APPROACH

10 are of a direct contact nature* The Nursing Department has internal traffic lines between patients1 beds, nurses* station, utility rooms, treatment rooms and serving room.

These rooms should be

centrally grouped so that the -traffic lines are short and equally distant to the patients* rooms. The adjunct diagnostic and treatment facilities can be divided into two groups.

The patient may be

taken to Radiology and X-ray Therapy as one department and Occupational and Physical Therapy as another.

They

may be visited regularly by patients and therefore need to have a direct line of traffic, although this is usu­ ally by means of elevator service so that there need be no passing through other departments. The line of traffic for the Pathology and Phar­ macy Department should relate more closely with serviee traffic by means of the elevator. There should be no cross-traffic in transporting a patient from surgery to his room. The traffic line of the Obstetrics Department should be restricted to one floor. be on the same floor.

The Nursery should

In order to accomodate the vis­

itors, the Nursery should be close to the visitors* line of traffic.

11 The services which directly serve the patient must reach him in the most direct line possible.. These services include the Dietary, Housekeeping, Central Sup­ ply, Pharmacy and Laboratory Departments. The Dietary Department should be considered as a productive line from service entrance, through storage, preparation, cooking and serving of food.

The serving

end should be near the center of the typical nursing floor. Laundry and a clean supply of linen is provided for the patient through the Housekeeping Department. The Central Supply Department gives a continuous service of medical supplies to the various hospital de­ partments.

It is recommended that the location be at

the entrsince of the operating suite. Concerning the Pharmacy Department, the line of traffic should be reasonably direct. The flow line of traffic from the Laboratory De­ partment should also be reasonably direct, as it princi­ pally involves the sending of specimens to the laboratory. The accompanying chart, Figure 2, indicates the patients 1 relation to the various service departments. It will be seen that for all of the departments mentioned the line of travel to the patients1 rooms are direct,

NURSING U. FACILITIES

5U R G LR Y

OBSTETRICS

P A T I ENT

D IETARY Y-[> R A D I O L O G Y HO USEKEEPIN6-

M > X 'R A Y THERAPY

c ENTRAL SUPPLYPHARMACY

-

N>

LABORATORY -

o c c u p a tio m a l

i

PHYSICAL THERAPY

f t HOSPITAL PERSONNEL

PATIENT TRAVELS

SUPPLIES PATIENT

TO

THESE

DEPT5.

FI'TURE 2 PATIENTS RELATION TO SERVICE DEPARTMENTS

13 well marked, and free from passage through any of the other departments# It is necessary for the outpatient to be able to reach the waiting room and from there to go through regis­ tration, history taking and examinations without inter­ fering with any other line of hospital traffic.

Prom

the examining room, the out-patient must reach the ad­ junct facilities of Radiology, X-ray Therapy, Occupational and Physical Therapy, Laboratory and Pharmacy in as short a time as possible. These adjunct facilities also serve the inpatient as well as the outpatient, and therefore should be con­ sidered as a unit located between the two. A key flow chart, Figure 3, will make this phase more clear. The departments of the hospital.^

The Adminis­

tration Department controls the hospital plant and must be on the same level and adjacent to the hospital en­ trance.

The information, business offices, social ser­

vice and administrative offices must be immediately available to the public and so arranged as to avoid through-traffic.

Near the admitting room should be the

3 Ibid., pp. 1+9-73.

NURSING

NURSERY

ADJUNCT DIAGNOSTIC FACILITIES

SURGSRYj 'DELIVERYj

OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENT

EMERGENCY

ADMINISTRATION STAFF

OUTPATIENTS

AMBULANCE PATIENTS VISITORS

FIGURE 3 KEY FLOW CHART

^

SERVICE LAUNDRY KITCHEN DINING R*MS HELP'S LOCKERS NURSES LOCKERS. STORAGE KECH. PLANT i

SERVICE & HELP

15 record room so that it can become a link between the hospital entrance lobby and the Out-patient Department. The staff rooms should also be in the vicinity of the record room,

careful planning will make for a character

of quietness and efficiency. Included in the Adjunct Diagnostic and Treatment Facilities are the departments of Pathology, Radiology, X-ray Therapy, Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy and Pharmacy.

The use of these departments is constantly

expanding, particularly as the service for out-patients is expanding.

They should, therefore, be located so that

the traffic lines for out-patients are short and prefer­ ably without the necessity for elevator traffic.

This

would ideally locate the adjunct facilities on the first floor or not more than one floor up or down from the out­ patient department. Allowance should be made for the expansion of these departments.

The grouping of the adjunct facilities will

add value in that the medical staff also has short lines of travel between the departments. The Pathology Department consists principally of the laboratory and the morgue, though the basal metabol­ ism and electrocardiograph space is normally a part of the laboratory.

It has a constant traffic of staff to

16. and from the surgical suite*

Ideally, the laboratory

and surgical suite should be on the same floor.

The

laboratory should not be near the Obstetrics Department. The Morgue is under the supervision of the Path­ ology Department; yet its physical location is determined by its ease of access to the service elevator and a sep­ arate service exit.

This service exit must be enclosed

so as not to be visible from any other function of the hospital. The Radiology Department and the X-ray Therapy Department may be considered together.

Radiology pro­

vides for both X-ray and fluoroscopy for diagnostic pur­ poses.

X-ray Therapy requires higher voltage machines

for treatment.

This becomes quite important if cancer

treatment is a specialty.

X-ray Therapy is often inad­

equately provided for but because of its increased usage needs space for expansion. Both in-patients and out-patients help to make the traffic to the Radiology Department rather heavy. The traffic between Radiology and other departments is relatively minor except for the volume of X-ray supplies. The facilities in the Physical Therapy Department are becoming more Integrated in their application.

Prom

the point of view of traffic flow, its location should

17 be convenient to in-patients as well as to out-patients* Related closely to out-patient usage is the Pharmacy*

It should be accessible for service to the

nursing floors and of easy access from central stores for the continual replenishing of supplies as well. Figure Ij. shows the relation of the Adjunct Diagnostic Facilities to the traffic flow of in-patients and out­ patients. The Nursing Department is normally divided into beds for surgical, medical, obstetrical and pediatric with other beds for specialities which vary with each hospital program*

The factors of view, quietness and

sunlight in the upper floors are important for their therapeutic value to the patients. It is necessary that the Nursery be located on the same floor as the obstetric beds and suite.

There

must be complete isolation for its internal functioning, yet it must be adjacent to visitors1 traffic in order to accomodate crowds of fond relatives.

The formula

room is located adjacent to the Nursery or to the Diet­ ary Department, depending upon the administrative pol­ icy.

The Nursing Department flow chart is shown in

Figure 5* Included In the Obstetrics Department is the delivery and labor room, together with necessary work

INPATIENTS

PHYSICAL THERAPY

h RADIOLOGY

LABORATORY

BASAL METABOLISM ELEC TROC ARB IOG-RAFHY

PHARMACY

— D MORGUE

EXIT

OUTPATIENT

FIGURE 4 ADJUNCT DIAGNOSTIC FACILITIES FLOW CHART

19

SOLARIA

TOILET BATH B.Pr JANE CLOSET

t

FLOOR FANTRY STAFF

VISITORS

=

FIG-URE 5 FURS IMS DEPARTMENT FLOW CHART

20

spaces*

Here, also, the department should be isolated

in the same manner as that of the surgical suite.

The

entire obstetrics service of beds, nursery and delivery should be on one floor, excluding any other facilities, as there is constant fear of infection.

Figure 6 shows

the flow chart for the Obstetrics Department. The Surgical Department should relate to the emergency unit but yet be isolated as far as possible. Modern surgery must have air conditioning and artificial lighting in any case. It is the trend to establish an independent Central Supply Department for the preparation of solu­ tions and for the sterilization of supplies and equip­ ment.

This department must have a close connection

with the surgical and obstetrical suites.

The Surgical

Department flow chart is shown in Figure 7* The Emergency Department should be located so that the entrance is at grade level.

It should have

a short and direct connection with the surgical suite and to the nursing units as well. Within the Service Department are the dietary, housekeeping, mechanical, employee and storage facilities. The Dietary Department must be considered as a production line, and the flow lines must be constantly

21

DELIVERY

ROOMS

~3“

"3 3 3

SCRUB-UP

DOCTORS LOCKERS ■3"

r | LABOR j ROOMS -----3

CLEANUP

SUPPLIES JANITORS CLO STRETCHERS

NURSE3 LOCKERS

n

DOCTORS

SUBSTERILIZING-

NURSES

PATIENTS

FIGURE 6 OBSTETRICS DEPARTMENT FLOW CHART

22'

OPERATING ROOK

SUBSTERILIZING CLEANUP

RUR-UP ANESTHESIA ROOK

OCTOR LOCKERS NURSES LOCKERS

PATIENTS DOCTORS

SUPERVISOR INSTRUMENT STOR STORAGE STRETCHERS JANITORS CLOSET CENTRAL STEFILlZlNi SUPPLIES

NURSES (OTHER HOSPITAL AREAS)

FIGURE 7 SURGICAL DEPARTMENT FLOW CHART

23

kept in mind— from the receiving of goods to storage, pre-preparation, preparation, service consumption and disposal of waste*

Goods received at the service entrance

must proceed into subsistence storage or to refrigeration storage*

Prom subsistence storage into daily storage and

then to the preparation area; from refrigeration storage into pre-preparation for meats or vegetables and directly into the preparation area; prepared food must then pro­ ceed directly into the serving area for central tray service or into food carts for decentralized service* The dumbwaiter and service elevator locations should be immediately adjacent to the point of kitchen service. Waste must be returned from the preparation and consump­ tion areas to a storage point adjacent to the service entrance*

The kitchen should be on the same level as

the receiving and storage of food* Housekeeping Facilities consist chiefly of laundry and provisions for a central linen and clean linen stor­ age space.

The usual method is by soiled linen chutes

which terminate at the level of the laundry*

Prom this

collection point, the linen goes through sorting and the various processes of laundry and directly into the clean linen room.

Prom here it is issued to the various hos­

pital departments.

The issuing and receiving room should

2k open directly into a corridor as close as possible to the service elevator. The Mechanical Facilities consist of the boiler room and other rooms for mechanical and electrical equip­ ment, including various maintenance shops.

All these

areas should be located with access to the service court and, if possible, within the envelope of the hospital building. It is best to have the Employees Facilities lo­ cated near the employees1 entrance.

These facilities

consist of lockers, toilets and showers for nurses and for male and female help. The Storage Department consists of Record Stores and Central Stores.

The Record Stores should relate to

the record area of the Administration Department and be connected to it by stairs, if possible. The volume of goods handled in the Central Stores is large.

The line of traffic comes from the service

entrance through a receiving area into the storage area. Upon requisition it goes out through an issue point to the various departments.

It is obvious that such a

heavy line of traffic should be kept as short as possible. A hospital should have well-planned departments which in themselves have adequate space, equipment and

a workable arrangement.

However, unless a department

is properly related to all other departments of the hos­ pital, it cannot operate efficiently in the hospital plant.

CHAPTER IV

ELEMENTS OP CULVER CITY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL Location of the hospital#

This is a one hundred

bed general hospital which will be located at 1092010950 Washington Boulevard, west of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studio, Number Two, in Culver City, California# The proposed site is 310 feet wide, 520 feet long on the northeast side, and 370 feet long on the south­ west side.

The main access to the site Is on Washington

Boulevard, where both bus and street car offer fine tran­ sportation service# Departments of the proposed hospital#

The depart­

ment elements, as listed and suggested In this chapter, are in accordance with the standards of the Public Health Service.^

Figure 8 shows the relation and sizes of the

various departments in the Culver City Memorial Hospital. The study prepared by the Federal Security Agency has concluded the following factors concerning the dis­ tribution of nursing facilities in a general hospital:

Design and Construction of General Hospitals. A study prepared by the Federal Security Agency, Public Health Service, Division of Hospital Facilities# Chicago The Modern Hospital Publishing Co., Inc., pp# 19-55*

27

MEDICAL IN.U.

SURGICAL N.U.

7 5 70

1550 o CP

ADJUNCT FACIL.

SURGICAL DEPT

2935°'

A D M IN IS TR A TIO N DEPT.

OUTPATIENT PEP.

1500°'

O UTPATIENTS

AMBULANCE

PATIENTS VISITORS

------

C.3.3®— Central Sterilizing & Supply*

FIGURE 8 THE RELATION AND SIZES OF THE VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS IN THE CULVER CITY MEMORIAL HOSPITAL

28

TABLE I ADMINISTRATION

DEPARTMENT

Administration

Area in sq. ft.

Main lobby and waiting room

520

Public toilets (2)

130

Public telephones (2)

20

Admitting office

175

Social service

180

Admini str ator

2)+0

Secretary

115

Business office

14-50

Information and telephone

80

Personnel toilets (2)

130

Record room

21j-0

Director of nursing

130

Staff lounge library and conference room

i+55

Total

2,865

29

TABLE II ADJUNCT DIAGNOSTIC AND TREATMENT FACILITIES

Area in sq. ft.

Department PATHOLOGY Laboratory

I|.55

BMR, EKGand specimen room

190

Morgue

I4.95 Total

lll|.0

RADIOLOGY

565

PHYSICAL THERAPY

820

PHARMACY (bulk stores included in central stores area) Solution

155

Pharmacy

255 Total Grand total

l\10 2,935

30 Studies have indicated that normal dis­ tribution of patients in general hospitals might be expected to be: surgical, q.5 to 50 per cent; pediatric (other than newborn), 10 per cent; miscellaneous (including eye, ear, nose and throat), 9 to 15 per c e n t . 2 It is the opinion of the writer that local conditions will be adequately served if this hospital has the following distribution of beds: Surgical beds

35

Medical beds

30

Obstetrical beds

28

Pediatric beds

7

The Isolation Department will be taken care of in each nursing unit by allocating two private rooms with a sub-utility room serving them.

2 Ib id ..

p.

23

31 TABLE III NURSING DEPARTMENT

Areas in Sq. Ft.

Areas PATIENT AREAS—

nursing units*

Bed area (includes room, lockers and private room toilets, baths)

11,915 380

Treatment rooms (2) Solariums (I4.)

1,930

Visitors rooms (2)

260

Nurses1 stations (l±)

730

Toilets, baths, bedpans (8 ), (i|.), (8)

600

-Utility rooms (I4.)

760

Sub-utility rooms (1|.)

2I4.O

Floor pantries (central tray service, used) (I4-)

500

Closets (stretcher, linen, storage, janitor)

I4.8O

Flower rooms (I4.)

200 Total

17,995

* The 100-bed area Is divided into four nursing units* Each nursing unit comprises approximately 25 beds, distributed as follows: half private room beds, and half semi-private rooms*

32

TABLE IV NURSERY

Area in Sq. Ft.

NURSERY

Nursery^

510

(12 B)

Premature nursery*-*-

(I|. B)

---

Work space and examining space

160

Suspect nursery*-*-*-

125

(3 B)

Suspect anteroom

ko

Formula room

225 Total

1,060

*• Maximum of 10 bassinets in. any nursery. **■ Maximum of lj. bassinets in any one premature nursery. *■**■ Maximum of 3 bassinets in any one suspect nursery.

33 TABLE V OBSTETRICS DEPARTMENT

Area in Sq. Ft.

Obstetrics

Delivery rooms (1)

290

Labor rooms (2)

1+20

Scrub-up alcove*-

5o

Substerilizing

95

Clean-up room

12$

Doctors1 lockers

265,

Nurses * lockers

115

Nurses1 station

k5

Nonsterlle storage

10

Sterile storage

ko

Stretcher storage

30

Janitor*s eloset

20 Total

1,505

Three sinks for each scrub-up alcove.

3k TABLE V I SURGICAL

DEPARTMENT

Area in Sq* Ft.

Surgical Major operating rooms (2)

610

Minor operating room

190

Cystoscopic room

190

Scrub-up alcove#

(2)

Sub-sterilizing rooms

105 (2)

165

Central sterilizing and supply

520

Unsterile supply room

115

Clean-up room

120

Storage closet

100

Stretcher space

30

- Janitor»s closet

20

Surgical supervisor

60

Recorder

45

Doctors* locker room

250

Nurses* locker room

180

Fracture room

190

Plaster closet Splint closet

30 55

Darkroom (X-ray)

30

Anesthesia storage

100 Total

3,105

* 3 sinks minimum for each scrub-up alcove*

3?

TABLE EMERGENCY

VII

DEPARTMENT

Area in Sq. Ft.

Emergency

Emergency operating room Toilet

280 20

Storage and supply closet Stretcher and wheelchair closet Total

25 370

36 TABLE V I I I SERVICE

DEPARTMENT

Area in Sq. Ft.

Service DIETARY FACILITIES (Designed for central tray service) Main kitchen and bakery

1,190

Diet kitchen and dietitian*s office

230

Dishwashing and truck washing

200

Refrigerations

meat

30

Refrigeration: dairy products

30

Refrigeration: fruit, vegetable

30

Garbage and can washing

60

Day storage

105

Dining space (staff supervisory, employes and nurses— 2 sittings) Dining space (employes— 2 sittings)

l+oo

Total HOUSEKEEPING FACILITIES

2,815 1,1+80

Central linen room, sewing room and housekeeper’s office

390

Soiled linen

195

Laundry

1,1+80

1,220

Total

1,805

37 TABLE VIII

(continued)

Area in Sq. Ft.

Service MECHANICAL FACILITIES (No fuel storage space included) Boiler and pump room

1,200

Engineerfs office

80

Maintenance shops

200 Total

1,1(.80

EMPLOYEES1 FACILITIES NursesT locker room, including lockers (14-8 ), toilets (2), showers (2) and restroom

5ko

Male help*s locker room, including lockers (25)> toilets (IT, 1 U) showers (2) and restroom

270

Female helpfs locker room, includ­ ing lockers (25), toilets (2), showers (2) and restroom

ko5

Total

1,215

STORAGE Record

2I4.O

Central stores

2,000 Total Grand total

2,214-0 11,305

CHAPTER V

SUMMARY The problem#

This thesis was prepared for the

purpose of designing a one hundred bed General Hospital in Culver City, California. The orientation.

The Nursing Units are designed

to allow southern exposure for some beds and northern exposure for others. The plan.

Included in this plan of a General

Hospital for Culver City are the following facilities: Basement: Kitchen Dining room for staff Dining room for help Boiler room Storage Laundry Lockers for help Morgue First floor: Administration department Surgical department Adjunct diagnostic and treatment facilities

39

Emergency department Outpatient department Second floor: Obstetrics department Nursery Obstetric nursing unit Third floor: Surgical nursing unit Fourth floor: Medical nursing unit Pediatric nursing unit Fifth floor: Solarium Terrace Apparatus room for air conditioning The air conditioning system.

It is a carrier-

duct type Weathermaster system in which the Weathermaster units are located in various rooms and the air is mixed with a large amount of air from the room itself by the induction principle, and then discharged vertically to be properly diffused.

Control of room temperature is

accomplished by turning a dial on the Weathermaster unit in the room which regulates the amount of conditioned air supplied, or by regulating the temperature of the

J+o conditioned room in the apparatus room.

Each Weather­

master unit is equipped with a heating coil for hot water, thereby eliminating direct radiation,

A separate

system is used for the operating suite and delivery rooms as they require a continuous supply of fresh air. Construction,

It is recommended that the build­

ing be of steel frame with reinforced concrete slab.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A.

BOOKS

Butler, Charles, and Erdman Addison, Hospital Plan­ ning, New York: P. W. Dodge Corporation, 236 pp. Rosenfield, Isadore, Hospitals--Integrated Design, Progressive Architecture Library* New York: Re inhold Publishing Corporation, 191+7* 30$ pp. B.

PUBLICATIONS OP LEARNED ORGANIZATIONS

Design and Construction of General Hospitals, A Def­ initive Study of the Physical Aspects of the Hospital Plant in Relation to its Function: Prepared by Federal Security Agency, Public Health Service, Division of Hospital Facilities, Chicago: The Modern Hospital Publishing Co., Inc• 110 pp• Elements of the General Hospital, Hospital Pacilitie Section, U. S. Public Health Service, Federal Security Agency. Reprinted from Hospitals for May, 19^-6 . Hoge, Vane M., M. D., "Planning for the Kospital-toBe," reprinted from The Modern Hospital, August, 1946. _______, "Planning Tomorrow’s Hospital," reprinted from The Modern Hospital, May, 191+7• Hospital Equipment and Supply Lists, Division of Hospital Facilities, U. S. Public Health Service Federal Security Agency. Reprinted from The Hospital Purchasing File, 25th edition (191+719J+8 ). Plans of General Hospitals for the Coordinated Hos­ pital System, Division of Hospital Facilities, U. S. Public Health Service, Federal Security Agency, reprinted from Architectural Record, January, 191+8.

h-3

Programming, Planning and Construction of a Hospital, Federal Security Agency, Public Health Service, Hospital Facilities Division, reprinted from The Modern Hospital, March, lpi4-8• Time-Saver Standards, A Manual of Essential Architec­ tural Data for Architects, Engineers, Draftsmen, Builders and Other Technicians, New York: F. W. Dodge Corporation, Edition No, 1, December, I9I+6 . 61+8 pp, "United States Public Health Service," Public Health Reports, Vol. 555 Part I, Nos, 1-26, JanuaryJune, 191+0. Washington, D, C,: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1191 PP« C.

PERIODICALS

Erikson, Carl A., "Tomorrows Hospitals," Architec­ tural Record, Vol. 105:5, May, 19l+9, 109-1I+5* L *Architecture D 1Aujourd*hui, No, 15, November, 19l+?, ^6 pp. Sherlock, Smith and Adams, "Two Small Hospitals," Progressive Architecture, Vol. 30:3, March, 191+9 . 05-67' 1 ” "The Architects Place in the Preparedness Program," Pencil Points, November, 191+0. University of Southern California Library