Property law cases and materials [Sixth edition] 9781292078526, 2052052062, 1292078529, 9781292078540, 1292078545

Table of contents :
Cover......Page 1
Contents in detail......Page 8
Preface......Page 15
Acknowledgements......Page 16
Table of cases......Page 23
Table of statutes......Page 50
Table of statutory instruments......Page 63
Part I Introductory matters......Page 64
1. General principles......Page 66
2. The new property......Page 78
3. Trusts and equitable interests......Page 80
A. Equitable interests and equities......Page 85
1. The Convention rights......Page 88
2. Enforcement of Convention rights......Page 90
A. Human rights in the exercise of proprietary rights......Page 91
B. Horizontal effect following Pinnock......Page 100
C. The impact of human rights on property principles......Page 103
A. Tenures and estates......Page 105
B. Freehold estates......Page 107
C. Other interests......Page 118
D. The role of legislation and registration......Page 119
2. Chattels......Page 121
Part II General principles: how property interests arise and purchasers......Page 124
1. Finding......Page 126
A. Things found on, in or under land......Page 127
B. Things found in chattels......Page 135
C. Treasure......Page 136
A. Can adverse possession be justified today?......Page 138
B. Adverse possession against registered estates......Page 144
C. Requirements for adverse possession......Page 147
D. The effect of adverse possession......Page 159
3. Fixtures......Page 164
A. General principles......Page 165
B. Removable fixtures......Page 172
C. Is a right to remove fixtures a property interest?......Page 173
1. Deeds......Page 176
2. Contracts for sales and dispositions of interests in land......Page 178
A. Writing requirements......Page 180
B. Enforcing agreements that do not comply with the 1989 Act......Page 190
3. Land......Page 196
A. Transfer......Page 197
B. Creation of interests......Page 198
C. Electronic conveyancing......Page 201
A. Transfer......Page 204
B. Creation of interests......Page 213
A. Transfer......Page 214
A. Declaration of trust......Page 221
B. Transfer of equitable interests......Page 224
7. Wills......Page 229
8. Restrictions upon transfers......Page 231
1. The role of formality requirements......Page 233
A. Presumption of resulting trust......Page 235
B. Transfers for fraudulent purposes......Page 239
C. Constructive trusts: an oral promise by a transferee to hold on trust for the transferor......Page 240
D. Constructive trusts: an oral promise by a transferee to recognise the rights of a third party......Page 242
1. When will an estoppel arise?......Page 246
A. Representation or assurance......Page 252
B. Reliance......Page 265
C. Detriment......Page 266
A. Use as a sword......Page 268
B. The remedy......Page 269
3. The proprietary status of the estoppel......Page 277
A. The status of the estoppel before a remedy has been given......Page 278
C. Can the claimant transfer the benefit of an estoppel?......Page 279
A. Mutual benefit and burden......Page 280
B. Donor doing all in his power......Page 284
C. Rules relating to death......Page 287
8 The family home......Page 291
1. Declaring the beneficial interests......Page 292
2. Resulting or constructive trust......Page 293
3. Inferring and imputing intentions......Page 296
4. Transfer into joint names......Page 299
A. Early developments: Pettitt and Gissing......Page 305
B. The development of common intention prior to Stack: inferring intentions......Page 308
C. The development of common intention prior to Stack: express common intentions......Page 311
D. Stack v Dowden......Page 314
E. The application of Stack v Dowden......Page 316
6. Quantification of shares......Page 322
7. Common intention after purchase; improvements......Page 329
8. Looking to the future......Page 333
9. Constructive trusts and estoppels: the links......Page 339
1. Rules for legal interests......Page 344
2. Equitable interests and the doctrine of notice......Page 346
A. Purchase of legal estate......Page 348
B. Constructive notice: inspecting deeds......Page 349
C. Constructive notice: inspecting the land......Page 350
3. Two competing equitable interests......Page 353
4. Priority rules for equities......Page 354
5. The time order......Page 355
6. The land charges scheme......Page 357
A. What can be registered?......Page 358
C. The effect of registration and of failure to register......Page 359
D. Undiscoverable land charges......Page 362
1. The scheme and its objectives......Page 364
A. What the register looks like......Page 365
A. Registrable interests: first registration......Page 370
B. Registrable dispositions......Page 373
C. Minor interests......Page 378
D. Overriding interests......Page 389
A. Terminology......Page 413
B. Grounds for alteration......Page 414
C. The proprietor in possession......Page 416
D. Subsequent dealings and the effect of rectification......Page 417
A. Rights to indemnity......Page 421
B. Restrictions on indemnity......Page 424
C. The significance of indemnity......Page 426
Part III Rights to enjoy land: estates and commonhold......Page 428
1. Joint tenancy and tenancy in common......Page 430
2. Joint tenancy or tenancy in common?......Page 432
B. Words of severance......Page 433
C. Equitable presumptions of tenancy in common......Page 434
3. Severance of the joint tenancy......Page 437
4. Do we need both the joint tenancy and the tenancy in common?......Page 450
12 Trusts of land......Page 454
A. Statutory definition......Page 455
B. Concurrent interests......Page 456
2. Occupation......Page 458
A. Trusts of Land and Appointment of Trustees Act 1996......Page 459
B. Spouses, civil partners, cohabitants and associated persons......Page 462
C. Rent and other financial adjustments......Page 465
3. Management of the land......Page 470
A. Sale......Page 471
4. Protecting purchasers: overreaching......Page 498
A. The need for two trustees......Page 502
B. Reform......Page 507
C. Protection against irregularities......Page 509
D. The effect and timing of overreaching......Page 512
5. Trusts for sale......Page 513
1. The rule against perpetuities......Page 515
3. The response of the 1925 legislation......Page 519
4. The trust of land......Page 520
5. Beneficiary control of management......Page 521
A. Certainty requirements: rent, commencement and length......Page 523
B. Exclusive possession......Page 533
B. Periodic tenancies......Page 557
C. Tenancy at will......Page 564
D. Tenancy at sufferance......Page 565
E. Equitable leases......Page 566
F. Tenancies by estoppel......Page 568
G. Special cases......Page 570
1. The operation of contract principles......Page 573
2. The landlord’s covenant for quiet enjoyment; non-derogation from grant......Page 582
3. Repairing obligations......Page 589
A. Obligations on tenants......Page 591
B. Obligations on landlords......Page 592
C. Enforcing repairing obligations......Page 600
D. Liability for personal injuries......Page 603
E. Reform......Page 605
4. Forfeiture......Page 606
A. Protection for residential tenants......Page 608
B. Waiver......Page 610
C. Relief: non-payment of rent......Page 611
D. Relief: non-rent breaches......Page 615
5. Distress and commercial rent arrears recovery......Page 629
1. Introduction......Page 630
A. Assignment or sublease?......Page 634
B. Restrictions on assigning and subletting......Page 635
C. Concurrent leases......Page 642
A. Privity of estate: general rules......Page 643
B. Which covenants run?......Page 644
C. Breaches committed after assignment......Page 650
D. Breaches committed before assignment......Page 661
E. Equitable leases and equitable assignments......Page 663
4. Subleases......Page 665
1. Becoming commonhold land......Page 668
2. Commonhold association and commonhold community statement......Page 672
3. Common parts......Page 674
4. Units......Page 675
5. The use of commonhold......Page 677
Part IV Other interests in land......Page 680
18 Licences......Page 682
A. Licences coupled with an interest......Page 683
B. Contractual licences......Page 685
C. Constructive trusts......Page 694
D. Estoppel licences......Page 696
E. Contractual and estoppel licences: the links......Page 698
F. Other analyses......Page 700
2. Creation and transfer of licences......Page 701
3. The relationship constituted by the licence......Page 702
19 Easements and profits......Page 705
A. Profits......Page 706
B. Easements......Page 707
A. Implied easements......Page 724
B. Prescription......Page 745
3. The relationship constituted by easements and profits......Page 755
4. Termination of easements and profits......Page 760
A. Running of the burden......Page 764
B. Running of the benefit......Page 766
A. The limitation to restrictive covenants......Page 769
C. Touching and concerning the dominant tenement......Page 773
D. The running of the benefit......Page 777
3. Enforcement of covenants......Page 791
4. Reform......Page 794
1. Forms of mortgage......Page 798
2. Creation of mortgages......Page 801
3. Vitiating factors......Page 803
A. Rules protecting the mortgagor......Page 820
B. Rights and remedies of the mortgagee......Page 833
Index......Page 865

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