Professional English in Use

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Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»

Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»

Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЙ МОСКОВСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ СТРОИТЕЛЬНЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

Е.В. Бессонова, Е.А. Раковская

PROFESSIONAL ENGLISH IN USE Учебно-практическое пособие

2-е издание (электронное)

Москва 2017

Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»

УДК 811.111 ББК 81.432.1 Б53 Рецензенты: кандидат педагогических наук Н.А. Рунгш, доцент кафедры романо-германской филологии ФГБОУ ВПО «Чувашский государственный педагогический университет им. И.Я. Яковлева»; кандидат филологических наук А.Н. Сак, доцент кафедры иностранных языков и профессиональной коммуникации НИУ МГСУ

Б53

Бессонова, Елена Владимировна. Professional English in Use [Электронный ресурс]: учебно-практическое пособие / Е.В. Бессонова, Е.А. Раковская ; М-во образования и науки Рос. Федерации, Моск. гос. стро-ит. ун-т. — 2-е изд. (эл.). — Электрон. текстовые дан. (1 файл pdf : 65 с.). — М. : Издательство МИСИ—МГСУ, 2017. — Систем. требования: Adobe Reader XI либо Adobe Digital Editions 4.5 ; экран 10". ISBN 978-5-7264-1657-1 Содержит современные аутентичные материалы по основным темам делового общения, подобранные из различных источников, дающие полное представление о деловом английском языке в рамках данного курса обучения. Предназначено для аудиторной и самостоятельной работы с целью приобретения основных навыков делового общения и развития коммуникативных способностей в различных бизнес-ситуациях. Для студентов магистратуры всех направлений подготовки, реализуемых НИУ МГСУ по дисциплине «Деловой иностранный язык».

УДК 811.111 ББК 81.432.1

Деривативное электронное издание на основе печатного издания: Professional English in Use : учебно-практическое пособие / Е.В. Бессонова, Е.А. Раковская ; М-во образования и науки Рос. Федерации, Моск. гос. строит. ун-т. — М. : Издательство МИСИ— МГСУ, 2016. — 64 с. — ISBN 978-5-7264-1407-2.

В соответствии со ст. 1299 и 1301 ГК РФ при устранении ограничений, установленных техническими средствами защиты авторских прав, правообладатель вправе требовать от нарушителя возмещения убытков или выплаты компенсации.

ISBN 978-5-7264-1657-1

© Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет, 2016

Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»

Unit 1 JOB-SEEKING STARTING A CAREER Key Vocabulary Job-seekers look for work in the job market; employers offer jobs to people with the right qualifications and experience. People who know what kind of job they want can look at job advertisements for a suitable position. Others may go to careers advisers to ask for helping starting or managing their careers. Large companies have a Human Resources Department, which deals with recruitment and hiring employees, and also manages career development within the company. Exercise 1. What ways do you know of finding a job? Work with a partner and make a list. e.g. Look at newspaper advertisements. Exercise 2. Match the words and phrases 1–3 with the definitions a–с: 1) apprenticeship

А. Students often take a temporary job during their studies — for little or no pay — because they want to get experience.

2) work placement

B. Big companies accept a number of newly qualified people to work for one year. They get general experience by working in different departments. They may or may not get a permanent job at the end.

3) graduate trainee scheme

С. A young person learns a skill or trade by working under supervision in a company. They have a contract to work there for a fixed number of years.

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Exercise 3. ♫ Listen to Michael Kohl and Sanjay Patel describing how they got started in their careers and answer the questions: 1. What reason does Michael give for choosing the company where he works? 2. How did Sanjay find a work placement? Exercise 4. Read the article and find information about the following: 1) 2) 3) 4)

the Monster.com name; the image of Monster.com; Monster.com’s biggest contribution to the recruitment industry; headhunting firm.

Glossary ad — advertisement. resume — (American English) summary of your education and previous jobs, which you use when you are looking for a job; (British English) CV (Curriculum Vitae). filter — software that selects the job-seeker’s details to match the employer’s requirements. headhunting — persuading someone to leave their job and go to work for another company in a similar position. The online job market How Jeff Taylor changed the way the labour market works Monster.com, the world’s biggest online job-search site, shows how electronic marketplaces reach more people and can offer more efficiency than physical markets. It also shows that money can be made in such markets: Monster has a long record of profitability. Jeff Taylor, who launched the site in 1994, says that the Monster.com name is the firm’s “single most important success factor”. It introduces an image of youthful fun in what is basically a boring business. Supporting the brand is a big advertising budget which accounts for a quarter of the firm’s costs. He runs expensive ads during key sporting events such as the Super Bowl. Job-seekers supply resumes and employers pay to scan them or to post job ads. Most of the services that job-seekers get are free, but they have to pay for a service that allows them to contact each other for advice and career management. They can use this service to ask each other questions about, say, what it is like to work for a firm that they are thinking of joining. 4

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The main contribution of Monster has been to speed up hiring and vastly increase the accuracy of the job-search process. “You can post a job at 2pm and get your first response at 2:01ˮ, Mr. Taylor says proudly. And an employer who knows exactly what he wants can use Monster’s filters to search vast numbers of resumes with precise accuracy. Monster is a serious threat to newspapers, which historically made 40 % of their revenues from carrying ads, up to half of which were for staff. Headhunting firms have also lost business, because demand for their help in filling lower-level jobs has fallen. The online job market works well for workers and employers who know what they want. It works badly for people who are unsure. Check that your resume says clearly what kind of job you want. The filters will then make sure that it reaches the right human resource departments. Exercise 5. Who does each of the following activities? Write E for employer and J for job-seeker. search job ads scan resumes recruit staff

post a job ad supply resumes use career management service

hire fill jobs join a firm

Exercise 6. Complete the diagram with the following words. accepts attend apply advertisement candidates invites offers 1. Employer posts a job advert … on a website or in a newspaper. 4. The employer … invites … the selected candidates for interview.

2. Job-seekers … apply … for the post. 5. Candidates … attend … their interview.

3. The employer selects suitable … candidates …. 6. The employer … offers … the job to the best candidate.

7. The candidate … accepts … or declines the offer.

Exercise 7. Complete the text with the following words and phrases: accept recruit

applications selected

interview resume

job ads offered

Esther Garcia graduated from university with a degree in telecommunications. But finding her first job was very hard. She searched all the (1) _________ in the newspapers and on the internet. She made lots of (2) _________ to different companies. She also sent her (3) _________ to all the 5

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big telecommunications companies. But most companies didn’t even invite her for (4) _________. It seemed that they only wanted to (5) _________ people with job experience. After several months, a finance company in Madrid (6) _________ Esther a place on a three-month graduate trainee scheme. At the end of the three months, Esther was the only person out of the ten trainees to be (7) _________ for a permanent job. Of course, Esther was very happy (8) _________. Exercise 8. Explaining what to do. When you start a new job, your new colleagues may have to explain a lot of things to you in the first few weeks. When you have more experience, you may need to give explanations to other new staff. The following phrases are useful for explaining how to do something. Which ones express important instructions and which are just suggestions? 1. Make sure that ... 2. It’s important / essential that ... 3. Remember to ...

4. Don’t forget to ... 5. It’s a good idea to ... 6. It may be better / best to

Exercise 9. ♫ Preparing a CV. Listen to Barry Hampton, a careers adviser, explaining how to prepare a CV for a UK job. Which of the following points does he advise? Tick the points that are correct, and change the points that are not correct. 1. Write more than two pages. 2. Start with details of previous jobs. 3. Leave out your date of birth. 4. Don’t say anything about hobbies and interests. 5. Give the contact details of two references at the end. Exercise 10. ♫ Listen again. Which of the above phrases does he use? Exercise 11. Practise giving advice for preparing a CV for a UK job. Use the list in listening above, including your corrections, and choose phrases from above to introduce each point. Work with a partner. Practise explaining one of the following to a British person. 1. Where to look for a job in your country. 2. How to prepare a CV for a job in your country. 3. What to wear for an interview. 6

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Exercise 12. Fixed procedures or flexibility? When you are part of an organization or a team, do you think it is best to have a fixed way of doing things that is made clear to everyone? Or is it better to be flexible? In some cultures, people like to have specific rules and procedures to follow. In other cultures, people prefer to have flexible ways of working. They prefer to deal with each situation separately in the way they think is best. Exercise 13. Factors for getting a job. A. In your opinion, which factors below are important for getting a job? Choose the seven most important. Is there anything missing from the list? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Age. Sex. Experience. Astrological sign. Appearance. Contacts and connections. Family background. Handwriting.

9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

Hobbies. Intelligence. Marital status. Personality. Qualifications. References. Sickness record. Blood group.

B. Think about jobs you’ve had and interviews you’ve attended. Ask each other about your worst: 1. Boss. 2. Job. 3. Colleague. 4. Interview. DILEMMA: FOR LOVE OR MONEY? Kate Gray is in a happy position: she has two job offers. The problem is to choose the job that will suit her best. Kate is a new graduate in geography and wants to work in the travel industry. She would like a job that includes travelling and working with people. Two different travel companies are offering her a position. She has the chance to work in the marketing department of Wide World Tours, a big company with 3.000 employees and regional offices around the world. Or she could work for Oz Travel, a small company which has only 19 employees and specializes in tours to Australia. You work for a career advisory service. Kate asks you to help her make the correct choice.

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1. Work in three groups. Find out more information about Kate’s situation. Group A: Research the job with Wide World Tours. Group B: Research the job with Oz Travel. Group C: Find out more about Kate’s personality and preferences. 2. Form new groups: Your group should include at least one person from А, В and С above. Make a list of the advantages and disadvantages of each job offer. Then match the advantages of each job with Kate’s preferences, personality and ambitions. Decide which job will suit her best. Think about these topics:  Role and responsibilities.  The company.  Pay.  Career prospects. 3. Write an informal letter to Kate. Give her some advice based on your discussion in C. DILEMMA: TRAVEL Group A Wide World Tours Job title: Marketing Assistant, Marketing Department. Pay: €30.000 per year. Responsibilities: Maintain customer database, carry out market research, help with promotions. No travel opportunities. The company: Large modern offices, restaurant and sports facilities. Opportunities for training and development. An existing employee says: “You have to be ready to work very hard. Great opportunities for people with energy and ambitionˮ. Group B Oz Travel Job title: Travel consultant. Pay: €22.000. Responsibilities: Deal with phone enquiries, sell tours, provide customer service; deal with suppliers by phone and email; general administration if necessary. Travel: Visit Australia, help set up new contacts and new tours. The company: Small office in city center. Small business but if successful, may expand. An existing employee says: “It is a very friendly place to work, but it can be stressfulˮ. 8

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Unit 2 COMPANY PROFILE Key Vocabulary Most companies are made up of shareholders (who provide the capital workforce). Look at the management structure in the following organization chart. BOARD OF DIRECTORS MANAGING DIRECTOR SENIOR MANAGEMENT

MIDDLE MANAGEMENT

JUNIOR MANAGEMENT

HIERARCHY  Board of Directors At the top of the company hierarchy is the Board of Directors elected by the shareholders. The Board of Directors headed by the Chairperson (GB) or President (US) manage the company’s affairs, determine the company’s strategy and reach decisions by a majority vote. The Board of Directors have the right to delegate any of their authorities, or even the whole management of the company’s business, to one person.  Managing Director (MD) It is common to appoint a Managing Director (MD) or a Chief Executive Officer (CEO) who has overall responsibility for the running of the business.

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Managing

Director

Sales Director Sales Team Sales Assistant The company is headed by the MD. The Sales Director reports to the MD. The Sales Director is under the MD. The Sales Director is accountable to the MD. The Sales Director is supported by a sales team. The Sales Director is assisted by an Assistant Sales Manager. The hierarchy of a typical company is presented in the organization chart at page 9. Companies have different activities and work in different ways. Some companies manufacture or produce goods, others provide services; retailers sell goods to the general public. Companies employ people to work for them in many kinds of jobs. Each person has responsibility for a specific area of work and a role within the team or group that they work with.  Responsibilities / functions The Purchasing Department is responsible for buying goods and materials needed for the company’s activities. The Administration Manager is in charge of personnel. The Finance Department takes care of corporate finance and accounting.  Departments and Divisions Department is usually organized by activity or tasks performed, various departments in the company usually include the following:  Production Marketing Distribution.  Sales.  Research and Development (R&D).  Logistics.  Human Resources (HR).  Customer Service.  Information Technology (IT). 10

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Division is a section of an organization often dealing with a product line (Plastics) or a geographical area (North America).  Subsidiaries BZ International

BZ Germany (51 %)

BZ Slovenia (63 %)

BZ Hungary (75 %)

BZ is the parent company. BZ Germany, BZ Slovenia, BZ Hungary are subsidiaries (more than 50 % owned by the parent).  Titles Below are the main managerial titles with the US equivalents in brackets: Chairperson (President). Managing Director (Chief Executive Officer / Senior Vice-President). Finance Director (Vice-President — Finance). Sales Manager (Sales Director). The Directors and Chairman of a company usually sit on the Board of Directors (Executive Board). Abbreviations: Plc — public limited company — the public is able to buy and sell their shares on the Stock Exchange. The minimum share of capital for a public limited company is £50.000. Ltd — private limited company whose members are only responsible for its debts up to a limited amount, usually the amount of unpaid shares. The main reason for forming a limited company is to raise enough capital to raise the business. HQ — headquarters — the head office of a company or group. This noun is always plural. PR — Public Relations. JV — Joint Venture cot. Sales rep — Sales representative. ad — advert, advertisement. Exercise 1. Read the three descriptions of company structures. Then answer the questions. Use a good dictionary to help you.

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Sole trader One person sets up and runs the company. The person provides all the capital and has unlimited liability for business debts, even if this means selling personal assets. Limited company In a limited company (AmE corporation), the capital is divided into shares, which are held by shareholders. Shareholders have limited liability, but they can vote at the Annual General Meeting to elect the Board of Directors. There are two types of limited company: 1. In a private limited company, all shareholders must agree before any shares can be bought or sold. 2. In a public limited company, shares are bought and sold freely, for example on the stock exchange. Partnership A group of people provide the capital, set up the company and manage it together. There are two types of partnership: 1. Partners in an unlimited partnership are like sole traders — if the business fails they are fully liable for all debts, and may even have to sell personal assets. 2. In a limited partnership there can be sleeping partners who do not participate in the management of the company. Sleeping partners have limited liability — in the event of bankruptcy, they only lose their investment, not their personal assets. Questions: 1. What are most people’s main personal assets? 2. How can a sole trader get the capital to set up a business? Think of five methods. 3. If a limited company has 5000 shares and each share is worth £2.50, what is the capital of the company? 4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of being a sleeping partner? 5. What is the difference between a sleeping partner and a shareholder? 6. If a private limited company goes bankrupt, do the shareholders lose their personal assets? Why? 7. What must you do to sell your shares in a private limited company? 8. What are the advantages of a public limited company? Think of three.

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Exercise 2. Make ten common business expressions with the words below. For example, sleeping partner, annual general meeting. Use some words more than once. annual

company

exchange

meeting

private

stock

assets

unlimited

general

of

public

trader

board

debts

liability

partner

sleeping

business

directors

limited

personal

sole

Exercise 3. ♫ Listen to four people explaining their job and job activities. Match the jobs, companies and main activities with the person. Person Olaf Rania Da The Jaana

Job Lawyer Accountant Project Manager Systems Developer

Company Paper manufacturer Finance house Mobile phone company Travel Company

Main Activity managers IT systems meets clients deals with payments checks contracts

Exercise 4. ♫ Listen again: 1. What other activities does each person do? 2. Which of the above phrases does each person use? Tick the phrases you heard. Then listen again and check. 3. Imagine you are Olaf, Rania, Da The or Jaana. Introduce yourself to your partner. Explain your job, company and job activities. 4. Work with a partner. You should each choose a different company and job for yourself. Practise asking and answering questions. Exercises 5. Match the words (A) to their synonyms (B). 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)

A managing director chairman executives responsible for consist of workforce report to

B a) is accountable to b) deal c) carry on a business d) is assisted e) president f) in charge of g) chief executive officer 13

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8) is supported 9) transaction 10) run a business

h) make up i) employees j) officers

Exercises 6. Match the nouns (A) to the verbs (B) with which they are commonly used. Some of the nouns can be used with more than one of the verbs. А B 1) the board of directors a) provide 2) executive b) determine 3) officers c) carry on 4) department d) appoint 5) a strategy e) run 6) capital f) elect 7) workforce g) head 8) a business h) set up 9) daily operations k) establish 10) decisions l) manage 11) company affairs m) reach 12) a policy Exercises 7. Add the words “manager”, “managing” and “management” before A or after B the words in С below. You may have several collocations. № 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

A

С Top Senior Area Style Information system Plan Director Financial Training scheme Production Consultant Development

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В

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Exercises 8. Match the words with their corresponding definitions: 1. The Legal Department

a) is responsible for the day-to-day management of a company b) deals with customers before and 2. The Logistics Department after a sale c) looks after the flow of materials 3. Executives onto and out of the company or factory d) deals with the work directed to4. The Finance Department wards the innovation, introduction and improvement of products and processes. It is “the lifeblood of the company” 5. The Purchasing Department e) communicates with general public (customers) and press promoting new products f) handles areas which involve the law 6. The Sales Department 7. The Managing Director 8. The Research and Development Department 9. The Public Relations Department 10. The Customer Service Department

g) is responsible for buying goods and materials needed for the company’s activities h) is responsible for all aspects of a company’s finance (forecasting, budgeting and controlling all transactions coming into and going out of the company) i) people who put decisions into action j) is responsible for selling the goods or services which a company offers

Exercises 9. Choose the correct word from A, B, C, D to fill in each gap. 1. The R&D Department ______ for the new product development. a) takes care с) is charge of b) is responsible d) is headed 2. A company more than 50 % of which is owned by another company. a) affiliate с) subsidiary b) department d) parent 3. With ______ living in all parts of the country, it is impossible for them to know all details about their business and to manage it wisely. a) managers с) people b) directors d) shareholders 15

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4. The top managers are ______ by a company’s board of directors. a) reviewed с) selected b) appointed d) consider 5. The operating divisions are ______ like small business, and according to employees, each division has its own culture. a) managed с) operate b) appointed d) carry out 6. The company will spend $ 6 million on the development of new product and sales ______. a) police c) politics b) political d) strategies 7. To start a business you need ______ . a) profit c) dividend b) capital d) benefit 8. The shareholders usually meet once a year to elect directors and to ______ other important business. a) think c) take b) carry on d) raise 9. Her duties ______ answering the phone, taking messages, making appointments and greeting visitors. a) consist of c) comprises b) make up d) include 10. A stockholder who cannot ______ the meeting can legally authorize another to vote his or her shares by “proxy”. a) attend c) visit b) come d) go Exercise 10. Complete these sentences. Use the language in the Key Vocabulary section and the organization chart in the Listening section. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

The Board of Directors ______ by the shareholders. The Managing Director ______ to the Board. The Managing Director ______ for running the company. The Managing Director ______ by four executive departments. ______ the Managing Director, there are three regional divisions. Each regional Manager ______ of a territory. The Section Leaders ______ to the Regional Managers. 16

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8. In addition to the ______ company, Rossomon has three, ______ Rossomon France, Rossomon Germany & Rossomon Japan. 9. The subsidiaries ______ to the Export Sales Department. 10. The Sales Department ______ the Advertising Section and Marketing Section. Exercise 11. Describe the typical management structure of a British company. Use the organisation chart for “Semling Photographics”. Chairman

Managing director

Financial director

Personal officer

Chief Sales accountant manager

Marketing director

Public relations manager

Advertising manager

Production director

Works/ Factory manager

Purchasing

Exercise 12. Listen to Student’s description of the typical management structure of an American company. Use the information to complete the organization chart for Felton Computers.

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Exercise 13. Invent your own company. Describe internal hierarchy of your company. Where do you fit into organization? Exercise 14. Can you name any of Cadbury Schweppes’ products? Do you buy any of them? Exercise 15. Look at this article about Cadbury Schweppes. Why are these dates important in the history of the company? • the 1790s • 1799 • the 1830s • 1905 • 1969 Cadbury Schweppes plc Cadbury Schweppes plc is one of the oldest and largest family businesses in the world today. Cadbury Limited merged with the drinks company Schweppes limited in 1969, but the new company is still run by a member of the Cadbury family. It is a leading producer of chocolate and soft drinks. The business was started by John Cadbury, who began making chocolate in the 1830s. He was joined in 1847 by his brother, Benjamin, and then John’s sons continued the business. A new factory was opened in 1879 and two years later the company began to export its products. Cadbury’s Dairy Milk, a milk chocolate bar, was introduced in 1905 and remains popular now. In 1922 the Cadbury Brothers started to manufacture products overseas and after the Second World War the company was still the most successful chocolate manufacturer in Britain. The company was also known for its advanced working conditions and for the comfortable houses that were built around its factory outside Birmingham for people of all classes. Schweppes Limited was named after Jacob Schweppe, who was born in Germany but later moved to Britain. He started producing mineral water in the 1790s. The company was sold in 1799 but the name was kept by the new owners. New products were introduced — other soft drinks such as tonic water and lemonade, and later jams and tea. After the merger of the two companies, Cadbury Schweppes bought a number of foreign companies and in 1995 became the third-largest soft drink company in the United States. Soft drinks and confectionering have been at the center of its business activities since the 80s and it is now a major global company selling its products in over 190 countries around the world.

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Exercise 16. Read the text again and decide if the following statements are true or false. 1. The business was set up by John and Benjamin Cadbury brothers. 2. Cadbury Schweppes is one of the oldest companies owned by the members of the same family. 3. Cadbury started its activity as a small company producing confectionery. 4. The Cadbury began to export its product in 1879. 5. Schweppes company produced non-alcoholic drinks. 6. The company paid special attention to the social conditions of their workers. 7. Cadbury Schweppes has offices all over the world. 8. After the war the Cadbury Brothers opened its factories outside Britain. 9. It is a leader in the international soft drink market. Exercise 17. Match the words from the text with their corresponding definitions. 1) merge a) abroad 2) chocolate bar b) non-alcoholic drinks 3) introduce c) a company with officers all over the world 4) manufacture d) the people that the company belongs to 5) overseas e) join with another company to become one 6) advanced company 7) owners f) sweets, biscuits, cakes 8) soft drink g) launch 9) confectionery h) progressive 10) global company i) a piece of chocolate made in solid shape j) produce Exercise 18. Look at the following sentences. Anita Roddick opened the first branch of The Body Shop in 1976. The first branch of The Body Shop was opened in 1976. What are the differences between the two sentences in terms of (a) the information they contain, (b) emphasis, (c) the form of the verb? Exercise 19. Change the following sentences into the Passive Voice. 1. The company employed over 20 % of Italian workers two years ago. 2. He controls 27 % of the company. 3. The company is building a new factory. 4. It manufactures soft drinks and confectionery. 19

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5. The company introduced new products last year. 6. The shareholders elect the Board of Directors. 7. They have made Diet Coke since 1982. 8. They had reached a decision. 9. They will reduce a great number of employees because of the crisis in the industry. 10. The Board of Directors is discussing important questions. 11. We borrowed £5 million and we have paid back £3 million. Exercise 20. Open the brackets and use either the Active or Passive Voice in the proper tenses. 1. The company still (run) by a member of the family. 2. The drink (advertise) on television and in cinemas. 3. The company (set up) in 1979. 4. The company (sell) office equipment all over the world. 5. R&D (develop) a new product. 6. The company (divide) into six business areas. 7. Olivetti (increase) its distributions and service networks every year. 8. Britain (import) huge amounts of electronic equipment from Japan. 9. The company’s strategy (determine) by the Board of Directors. 10. In 1991 Nissan (set up) a new distribution company and it (start) operations in January 1992. Exercise 21. Read the following text and open the brackets using the corresponding forms of the verbs. Then speak on the profile of Olivetti’s company. The Olivetti Group (be) a major player in the information technology industry. The company (start) by Camillo Olivetti in 1908. At his factory in the small northern Italian town of Ivrea near Turin the first Italian typewriter (design) and (produce). By 1930 Olivetti (make) 13.000 typewriters annually. The company (develop) new and better typewriters and then calculators and accounting machines. In 1959 the ELEA computer system (produce). This was the first mainframe computer designed and manufactured in Italy. Olivetti products (exported) all over the world and the company (have) new plants in Italy, Spain, Argentina, Mexico and the USA.

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In 1978 the control of the company (take) by Carlo De Benedetti. He began to restructure the way Olivetti (manage). Soon it (become) one of the world’s leading companies in information technology and communications. In 1989 the Olivetti Group (create). There are now five independent companies in the Olivetti Group — one for personal computers, one for other office equipment, one for systems and services, and two specializing in telecommunications. Exercise 22. Look at the notes below about the Coca-Cola company. Discuss possible verb forms to express each piece of information. Is it: a) present or past? b) active or passive? Exercise 23. Write about the Coca-Cola Company. Show your article to another person and ask for comments. Make changes to your article if you can improve it. The Coca-Cola company The company: largest soft drink company in the world. The drink: Almost 200 countries (advertisements in 80 languages). History: Inventor of Coca-Cola (1886): Dr. John Styth Pemberton, American chemist. First year of sales: $73.96 for advertisements, $50.00 from sales. 1888 sale of company to Asa Candler, sales all over North America; very popular 1911 $1.000.000 a year on advertising 1916 design of famous Coca-Cola Contour bottle 1919 Asa Candler sells interests in company. 1923 new president Robert Winship Woodruff; company more efficient; profits higher 1920s and 1930s sales in 6-packs and through coin-operated machines. 1940s introduction of Coca-Cola to the world market 1942 new slogan “It’s the Real Thing” 1960s main competitor Pepsi-Cola; new products e.g. Fanta, Sprite, TAB, Fresca; all very successful 1982 new product — diet Coke

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Begin with. The Coca-Cola Company is the largest soft drink company in the world. Coca-Cola is sold in almost 200 countries and is advertised in 80 languages... Exercise 24. We use the Present Continuous to talk about activities at or around the time of speaking. Complete these sentences using words from the box. expand install improve work build advertise develop introduce spend plan A. We _________ for two new senior management posts. B. Currently they _________ a new network. C. We _________ with our R&D department. D. Olivetti _________ its activities in America. E. The Advertising department _________ a lot of money on promotion of a new toy. F. IBM _________ a new company culture. G. They _________ new systems. H. Japan Airways _________ communications by using satellite links. I. We _________ a new factory in Russia. J. At present our department _________ a new project. Exercise 25. Work with a partner. Find out what’s happening in the country or area at the moment? Who is building new premises? Which companies are expanding? Are any new products coming onto the market? And what’s happening in your university? Exercise 26. Work with a partner. Find out what’s happening in their invented company at the moment. Are they entering any new markets? (Which ones?) Are they developing any new products or services? (What?) Are they building any new facilities? (What? Where?) Are they working in any joint ventures? (What?) And what’s happening in their department or division? Are they taking on new staff? (Why?) Are they reorganizing any work systems? (Which ones? Why?) Are they introducing a quality programme? (What exactly?) Are they introducing new technology? (What?) 22

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Exercise 27. Works with a partner. Think about a large local company. Which of these statements about the company would make them buy its products. We produce high quality products. We provide a high quality service. We use the most advanced technology. We are in close contact with the market. We produce a wide range of products. We invest a lot of money in research and development. We have sales representatives all over the world. We are market leaders. Exercise 28. Are these statements true for your invented company? Exercise 29. Why is your company special? What is your company’s main strength? Exercise 30. What do you know about McDonald’s? Are these facts true or false? What do you think? A. Three new McDonald’s stores open every day. B. McDonald’s charges high prices. С. McDonald’s spends more on advertising than anyone else. D. There is a Hamburger University. E. The company CEO has a computer in his office. F. McDonald’s prefers American managers to run overseas stores! Now read this article and find out. Service with a smile Three new McDonald’s stores open somewhere in the world each day. There are now over 14.000 McDonald’s stores worldwide and sales are over $23 billion. So how do they do it? What are the company’s strengths? Value. McDonald’s keep prices low. They concentrate on increasing market share. Advertising. McDonald’s spend $1.4 billion annually on marketing, more than any other company in the world.

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Training. Every employee receives at least two or three days’ training and all managers attend regular courses. The company even has its own Hamburger University in Oakbrook, Illinois. Face-to-face meetings. The company headquarters don’t have an e-mail system and there’s no computer in the CEO’s office but ideas still fly around. There are regular meetings between people in the same region and people in the same line of work. Close relationships with suppliers. McDonald’s work closely with their suppliers to make sure they can meet the McDonald’s specifications. Cultural sensitivity. Before they enter a new country’s market, they research the culture thoroughly. And they employ local staff if they can. Customer service. The restaurants are clean, the service is quick and every McDonald’s burger comes with a smile. Exercise 31. Write down the company’s strengths. Work in pairs. Close your books and explain each strength in your own words. Exercise 32. Interview a partner about their company. Ask: A. Are your prices low or high compared with your competitors? B. Is advertising important to your business? C. What training do your staff receive? D. Do you hold regular meetings with your colleagues and counterparts? E. Do you have close relationships with your suppliers? F. Are your managers locals or foreigners? G. Why do your customers like your products/service? Exercise 33. Read the following company profile and study the kind of information it contains. Be prepared to answer question about it. MoDo The MoDo Group is an international company. Its headquarters are in Stockholm. The President and Chief Executive Officer is Bernt Lof. Its main areas of business are fine paper newsprint and magazine paper and wood products. The company produces high quality products and uses the most advanced technology. Most of MoDo’s production is carried out in Sweden, but the company is present in many European countries and in the United States. More than 80 % of the Group’s total sales of 18.4 million Swedish kronor in 1999 came from countries outside Sweden, primary the European Community. The company has about 12.961 employees. The group is expanding its activities in America. They are building factory in Argentina. 24

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Exercise 34. Now ask your partner questions to obtain similar information about the company that he or she has been working on, and complete the notes below. Name of company ..................................................................... Headquarters ............................................................................. Chairman ................................................................................... Business activities .................................................................... Main markets ............................................................................ Sales in 1999 ............................................................................ No. of employees ..................................................................... Main strength ........................................................................... Current project ........................................................................ Other information.................................................................... Exercise 35. Speak about your company profile. Use the MoDo and Virgin Group profiles as models. Exercise 36. Student B: Listen to Student A’s description of the typical management structure of a British company. Use the information to complete the organization chart for “Semling Photographies Plc”.

Exercise 37. Student B: Now describe the management structure of a more typical American company to Student A. Use the organization chart for Felton Computers Exercise 38. Read the following company profile and study the kind of information it contains. Be prepared to answer questions about it.

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President

Senior Vice-President & Chief Executive

Vice-President Shipping

Production Director Europe

Vice-President Production

Production Director N. America

Vice-President Marketing

Director Research & Development

Export Sales Director

Sales Director N. America

Vice-President Finance & Administration

Financial Controller

Personnel Manager

Virgin Virgin is a leading international company based in London. It was founded in 1970 by Richard Branson, the present Chairman. The group has three main divisions which operate independently. These divisions specialize in music retailing and entertainment, communications and travel. The main strengths of the company are advertising, high quality service, close contact with the market. Virgin operates in 15 different countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Continental Europe, Australia and Japan. Its sales in 1999 were £1100 million. It employs over 6.000 people. Virgin is reorganizing its work in music retailing and entertainment. It is taking on new staff in Japan. Now ask your partner questions to obtain similar information about the company that he or she has been working on, and complete the notes below. Name of company................................................................... Headquarters........................................................................... Chairman................................................................................. Business activities................................................................... Main markets.......................................................................... Sales in 1999........................................................................... No. of employees.................................................................... Main strength.......................................................................... Current project........................................................................ Other information................................................................... 26

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Grammar Reference The passive Active: Anita Roddick opened the first branch of The Body Shop in 1976. Passive: The first branch of The Body Shop was opened in 1976. The two sentences have the same meaning, but the emphasis is different: In an active sentence, we are more interested in the person or thing doing the action (the agent). In a passive sentence, we are more interested in the person or thing affected by the action. If we want to mention the agent, we use by: The first branch of The Body Shop was opened by Anita Raddick in l976. But often the agent is not important: Our products are made entirely of recycled materials: Maria has been promoted. There are passive forms of most verb tenses, for example: Present simple Every item is checked for quality. Present continuous Whole forests are being destroyed. Present perfect Nothing has been touched since you left. Past simple The company was founded in 1903. Past continuous The machinery wasn’t being used efficiently Past perfect A decision had already been reached. After will, can, may, must, should , could, ought, to etc. we use be + the past participle. The designs will be finished by the end of the week. The new computer should be delivered on Friday.

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Unit 3 PRESENTATION STRUCTURE Before the presentation: 1) define the audience (who are they? what do they expect from you?); 2) clarify the objectives (to inform, to persuade, to welcome, etc.); 3) plan the content; 4) design suitable visual aids (not too many, make them attractive and clear). During the presentation: 1) follow a clear structure: introduction, main part, summary and conclusion; 2) use natural spoken language; 3) keep eye contact with audience; 4) use visuals to support and summarize what you say. The presentation will be much clearer to an audience if the structure is clearly signaled. The following chart shows the classic presentation (pic. 1). Greet

Introduce self

Introduce talk

Оutline talk

Present main part Divided into Point 1 Point 2 Point 3 etc

Invite questions

Сonclude

Summarise

Pic. 1 Exercise 1. What makes a good presentation? List all the things you think make a good presentation? 28

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Exercise 2. Read the text, find all the elements of an effective presentation and compare them with your list. A presentation is a talk given by a speaker to one or more listeners. When you give a presentation how you deliver the information is just as important as what you say. Knowing your subject well and knowing your audience are also very important. So the main elements of an effective presentation are: 1) the effective organization of the information; 2) the effective delivery of the information; 3) the effective use of the language. You should also consider such things as body language, speed, voice, visual aids, humour, length, etc. Exercise 3. ♫ Listening Pamela Pickford trains business people to make presentations. Which of the points below does she make? Listen and mark each one either T (true) or F (false). 1. When preparing a presentation, try to find out what your audience already knows. 2. Everyone in your audience should be at the same language level. 3. Visit the room in which you are presenting before you actually make the presentation. 4. The first stage of your presentation is when you should get the full attention of your audience. 5. If you memorize the introduction, you will be more confident when making a presentation. 6. The whole text of your presentation should be written on postcards. 7. If you use an overhead projector, you should remember to turn it off when you don’t need it. 8. Remember that the content of the presentation is much more important than your presenting style. Exercise 4. Comment on the following statements. In your opinion are they: a) essential; b) helpful; c) unhelpful for a successful presentation? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

Tell a joke at the beginning. Speak more slowly than you normally do. Smile a lot. Involve the audience. Invite questions during the presentation. Always keep to your plan. Move around during your presentation. 29

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8. Use a lot of gestures to emphasize important points. 9. Read out your presentation from a script. 10. Stand up when giving your presentation. Exercise 5. ♫ Listen to a presentation to a company’s sales team about the launch of their new chocolate bar. Tick the expressions in the Useful language box that you hear. Useful language Introducing yourself Good morning everyone. Let me introduce myself. My name is ... I’m a specialist in ... Structuring the presentation I’m going to divide my talk into four parts. First I’ll give you ...; after that ...; finally ... Inviting questions If you have any questions, don’t hesitate to ask. I’ll be glad to answer any questions (at the end of my talk). Giving background information I’ll give you some background information. Let’s start with the background. Referring to the audience’s knowledge As you know ... As you are aware ... Changing the topic Right, let’s now move on to ... OK, I’ll now look at ... Concluding To sum up ... So to summarize ... Referring to visuals If you look at the graph ... Could I draw your attention to the chart? If you take a look at the first year, you’ll see ... 30

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Ending Thanks very much. Any questions? Well, that’s all I have to say. Thank you for listening. Exercise 6. Now make your presentations in groups. After each presentation, discuss these questions. 1. Was the presentation interesting? Was it lively? Was it clear? 2. Did the beginning have impact? Did you want to hear more? 3. Did the presentation have a logical structure — a beginning, middle and end? 4. Was it divided into sections? Did you know when the presenter was moving from one part of the talk to another? 5. Was there a summary or a conclusion? Exercise 7. The following 16 sentences (1–16) are taken from a presentation. The purposes of these sentences (a–j) are listed below. Match each sentence with its purpose. The first one has been done for you. a) b) c) d) e) f) g) h) i) j)

greet introduce self introduce talk outline talk introduce first main point conclude first main point introduce second main point summarize talk conclude talk invite questions

1. So, if there are no further comments about the first point, shall we look at the proposed budget? ____ 2. So, the purpose of today’s meeting is to revise the budget. ____ 3. Finally, let me say that I look forward to maintaining a good working relationship with all the parties. ____ 4. I’d like to welcome you to the team. ____ 5. Right, I think that covers the timing. ____ 6. Finally. I’d like to say that we shall monitor our performance closely. ____ 7. I’d like to explain to you today the plans for the AZ project. ____ 8. Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. ____ 9. I’ve divided the talk into three parts: firstly...; secondly...; and thirdly. ____ 31

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10. I’d like to start by looking at the old budget. ____ 11. That’s all I have to say about the old budget. ____ 12. So, we’ve looked at the plans for the AZ project under two main heads — timing and costs. ____ 13. And now, if there are any questions, I’ll be happy to answer them. ____ 14. Okay, let’s look first of all at the timing of the project. ____ 15. My name is Paul Bailey and I am the Operations Manager of Rosomon. ____ 16. So, let’s move on to the next point. ____ Exercise 8. The items on the left are extracts from a presentation. Match each one with a sentence on the right which means the same. A. OK, let’s start with the history. B. Anyway, I’ll leave the history there. C. So, let’s turn now to a brief overview of our main activities. D. By the way, you may have seen the story in the news. E. Anyway, let me get back to what I was saying about new markets. F. And that brings me to the final part of this short introduction. G. So, before I go on, are there any questions?

1. In passing, let me tell you about a press report. 2. So, we come to the last part of my introduction. 3. To start with the history then. 4. That covers the history. 5. To come back to the point I was making. 6. Let’s stop here and see if there are any questions. 7. So we can go on to a survey of our principal markets.

Exercise 9. Complete this presentation introduction with words from the list: talk about questions

look at brief

points of view finally

hear act as

go along

Good afternoon and thank you for making the effort to be here with us today. My name’s Rachel Rawlins and I’m responsible for public affairs. What I’d like to do today is (a) our recent corporate campaign. This (b) talk will hopefully (c) a springboard for discussion. I’m going to (d) the corporate campaign from three (e) firstly, the customers; secondly, the financial institutions; and (f) the shareholders. If you have any (g) just interrupt me as I (h). Your point of view may well be different, and we'd like to (i) from you. Exercise 10. Introductions can become repetitive. It’s important to have a choice of words and expressions at your fingertips. 32

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Use one of the following expressions to replace each of the expressions in italics in this introduction. don’t hesitate a chance I take care I’m delighted Sections go through in more depth my purpose is divide Good morning, ladies and gentlemen. It’s pleasure to be with you today. My name’s Gordon Matthews and I’m in charge of corporate finance at our headquarters here in Brussels. We are here today to review some key figures and to outline financial strategy over the next five years. So what I intend to do is to break down this presentation into three parts: first, the financial review; second, the options facing us; and finally, the strategy I propose. If you have any questions, please feel free to interrupt me, but I should also say there’ll bе аn opportunity to discuss issues at greater length after my talk. Exercise 11. Prepare and give an introduction of a presentation of your university or your company.

Sequencing firstly ... secondly ... Then ... next ... finally let’s start with ... let’s move / go on to ... now we come to ... that brings us to ... let’s leave that ... that covers ... let’s get back to ...

Linking ideas Contradicting in fact actually Summarizing to sum up in brief in short

Concluding in conclusion to conclude

Giving reasons/causes therefore so as a result that’s why

Highlighting in particular especially

Contrasting but however 33

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Comparing similarly in the same way for instance such as

Digressing by the way in passing

Giving examples for example

Generalizing Usually generally as a rule

Exercise 12. Link the ideas in these sentences by adding an appropriate word. A. That was a good meeting. (By the way ...) Did I tell you about the match last night? B. Our competitors are becoming stronger. One of them, Falcon, has a joint venture with a Japanese firm. C. I’ve divided this into two parts. The issue of profit-sharing. The question of share option schemes ... D. This year we have lost market share. We expect to remain No. 1 in the market. E. There are some vital factors to consider. The risk of a take-overbid. F. Falcon has reduced its costs by relocating. We must consider cutting the cost of our premises. G. We’ve had a difficult year. We’ve still made a healthy profit. H. We expected to lose money in the Far East. This was our most profitable market. I. The yen dropped against the dollar. We made considerable profits on the exchange rate. J. There have been some failures on occasions. We have been very successful. Exercise 13. Below you will see extracts from a presentation. You must complete each blank with a word or phrase from the list below. Use each item from the list once only. purpose to sum up As you know Next draw your attention

at such short notice As a whole In other words As far as May I begin 34

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First of all priorities On the contrary

Finally up-to-date On the other hand

(1) ______ by welcoming you all, especially as this meeting has had to be called (2) ______ . (3) ______ our latest project has been the target of intense speculation in the media during the last few days, and the (4) ______ of this presentation is to bring you (5) _____ on what has been happening. (6) ______ I’d like to refresh your memories as to the background to the project. (7) ______ I’ll give you a broad outline of what we’ve achieved so far. (8) ______ try to give an indication of what our (9) ______will be over the next few months. If I can (10) ______ the month of July, you will notice that here was an unexpected fall in overseas sales. (11) ______ domestic sales are concerned; you can see that growth has been sustained. If we look at the figures for Europe (12) ______ and Germany in particular, we can see some quite encouraging trends. We don’t fear competition. (13) ______we welcome it. We could open a branch there. (14) ______ , we may be better advised to look for a good agent to represent us. This is a time when we must consider our options carefully. (15) ______we should not rush into making any decisions. So, (16) ______ then, don’t believe everything the media tells you. We’ve had a few problems but the future looks bright. Exercise 14. Complete these sentences. Choose the correct verb. The first one has been done for you. 1. I’d like to inform you of the latest news. а) speak; b) inform; c) describe 2. Could you ________ up? We can’t hear you at the back. a) talk; b) say; c) speak 3. I’ll have to _______ the place as I don’t have any photographs with me. a) explain; b) describe; c) present 4. He’s going to ________ the latest results. a) describe; b) inform; c) present 5. Let me ________ why we need to cut costs. a) explain; b) describe; c) talk 6. We’ll have time to ________ about this over lunch. a) discuss; b) say; c) talk 7. I couldn’t ________ how long will it take. a) talk; b) speak; c) say 8. We will ________ you when the project comes to an end. a) say; b) describe; c) tell 35

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Exercise 15. The sentences a–e below are the end of a presentation, but they are in the wrong order. Put them into the right order. A. So I’d now be glad to answer any questions. B. I sincerely hope you’ll all go away with a more complete picture of the principal activities of UNEXCO. C. Very briefly, there are three. Firstly, fund-raising; secondly, publicity; and thirdly, political lobbying. D. So, that brings me to the end of this presentation. E. Finally, I’d like to leave you with something which I heard recently. “You can’t please all the people all time, but we should certainly be able to feed all the people all the time”. Exercise 16. Make full sentences by matching the correct halves. A. Before we come to the end, B. I’d be glad to answer C. To summarize, D. We can conclude E. In my opinion, F. I’d like to suggest

1) there are four major features. 2) we start the discussion now. 3) by quoting a well- known saying. 4) we should reduce our costs. 5) any question now. 6) I’d like to thank you for your participation.

Exercise 17. Use the information below to prepare and give the ending of a presentation. Summary 1) sales result 2) sales forecast 3) action plan Recommendation Increase budget Invitation for questions Are there any questions? Signal to end I’ll briefly summarize the main points

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Exercise 18. Read the following passage and identify at least six: recommendations about speaking technique which can help to make the message in presentation clear. Clear objectives, clear plan, clear signals that are the secrets of presentation success. Any presentation requires a clear strategy or plan to help you reach your objectives. The aim is not to pass away twenty minutes talking non-stop and showing a lot of nice pictures. It is to convey a message that is worth hearing to an audience who want to hear it. However, how many speakers really hold an audience’s attention? What is the secret for those who do? First, find out about the audience and that they need to know. Plan what you’re going to say it clearly and concisely. A good speaker uses various signals to help hold the audience’s attention and make the information clear. One type of signal is to introduce a list with a phrase like “there are three things we have to consider”. The speaker then says that the three things are and talks about each one at the required level of detail. For example: “there are three types of price that we have to think about: economic price and psychological price. Let’s look at each of these in more detail. First, economic price. This is based on production costs and the need to make a profit”… and the speaker goes on to describe this type of price. After that, the goes on to talk about the market price and so on. Another signaling technique is to give a link between parts of the presentation. Say where one part of the talk finishes and another starts. For example a well organized presentation usually contains different parts and progression from one part to the next must be clear, with phrases like: “That’s all I want to say about the development of the product. Now let’s turn to the actual marketing plan”. This technique is very helpful to the audience, including those, who are mainly interested in one part only. Another type of signaling is sequencing of information. This usually follows a logical order, perhaps based on time. So a project may be described in terms of the background, the present situation and the future. Key words in sequencing information are first, then, next, after that, later, at the end, finally, etc. A final point concerns timing and quantity of information. Psychologists have suggested that concentration is reduced after about twenty minutes without a break or a change in activity. Furthermore, audiences should not to be overburdened with technical details of given too many facts to remember. It is claimed that to ask people to remember more than three things in a five minute talk is too much. Some say that seven is the maximum number of any length of presentation. Any such calculations are probably not very reliable, but every speaker needs to think about exactly how much information of a particular type a specific audience is likely to absorb and to plan accordingly. 37

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Useful language Saying numbers Years 1984 nineteen eighty four 2001 two thousand and one

Currencies £ 3.15 three pounds fifteen $ 7. 80 seven dollars eighty € 250 two hundred and fifty euros

Decimals 16.5 sixteen point five 17.38 % seventeen point three eight percent 0.185 (nought / zero) point one eight five Bigger numbers 3560 three thousand five hundred and sixty (BrE), sixty (AmE) 598.347 five hundred and ninety-eight thousand, three hundred and forty-seven (BrE), ninety-eight thousand, three hundred forty-seven (AmE) 1.300.402 one million three hundred thousand, four hundred and two (BrE), two (AmE) 1m one / a million 3 bn three billion (3000.000.000) $7.5 bn seven point five billion dollars £478 m four hundred and seventy-eight million pounds (BrE), seventy eight million pounds (AmE) Exercise 19. Read the article below. Then write all the numbers and symbols in full, according to the way they are pronounced. For example, 1999: nineteen ninety-nine; £3.1 m: three point one million pounds. ♫ Listen and check your answers. Business in brief EuroDisney runs new project. The French Government yesterday approved £4.6bl urban development project east of Paris, coordinated by EuroDisney, and designed to create 22.000 jobs by 2015. Yule Catto takeover bid. Yule Catto, the chemicals group, launched a £240 m bid for Holliday Chemical. Yule shares fell 32 p (about 10 %) to 274 in response to the news. Holliday’s shares dropped 8 p to end at 225 p. Prince invests in media and technology. The worldwide fall in stock markets last month encouraged Prince Alwaleed bin Talal to invest in media and technology companies. The Saudi prince spent $400 m on a 5 % stake in News Corporation, $300 m on 1 % in Motorola and $150 m on 5 % of Netscape Communications. 38

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Monet market. A beach scene painted in 1870 by French impressionist Claude Monet when he was desperately short of money made £3.8 m at Christie’s Auction House in London. FT sales record. Sales of the Financial Times hit an all-time record in November. Worldwide sales were 12.4 % up on November, last year. New car registrations in Europe. New car registrations in Western Europe in November rose 10.4 % to 991.800 from 898.400 a year ago, said the European Auto Manufacturers Association. Using visual supports It is very important to use different tables and graphs while the presentations. Here are some examples of them (pic. 2–7).

Pic. 2

Pic. 3

Pic. 4

Pic. 5

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Flow chart

Organigram

Pic. 6

Pic. 7

Design Don’t use visuals to repeat what you can say with words. Don’t overcrowd visuals with too much information. Use visuals to support or summarize what you say. Only use keywords, not lines of text. Think about which kind of visual is right for you (graph/table/picture/words, etc.). Use colour (but not too much). Use Don’t use too many visuals. Don’t read from the visual. Make sure the audience understands the visual. Use a pointer and/or masking techniques where appropriate. Face the audience as much as possible. Don’t block the audience’s view. Remember that your visuals should help you communicate your message. They should not distract your audience’s attention from what you say. TRENDS We can describe trends in English in different ways. For example: 1. Verbs of change: Profits are falling. Unemployment is rising in many areas. 2. Prepositions: Our business grew by 10 % last year. Sales grew to $5.8 million. 3. Different tenses: In recent months our profits have risen dramatically. In January we were making a loss. We’ve been going through a difficult period.

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Exercise 20. What kind of movement do the verbs below describe? Match them to the symbols. Then compare your answers with a partner. (Use some symbols more than once). 1

2

6

3

4

5

7 8

decline double decrease

gain fall fluctuate

drop halve improve

9

increase level off peak

rocket triple rise

10

11

plummet recover

Exercise 21. Which of the above verbs also have noun forms? What are they? For example, to increase — an increase. Exercise 22. Complete these sentences about the graphs below with appropriate prepositions.

Pic. 8

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Pic. 9

Sales have increased £5 m ______ Sales have increased ______ There has been an increase _____ Sales now stand ______ Sales reached a peak _____ Sales reached a low point_____ 41

£7 m (pic. 8) £2 m (pic. 8) £2 m in our sales (pic. 8) £7 million (pic. 9) £7 million in July (pic. 9) £1 million in April (pic. 9)

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LANGUAGE FOCUS Describing changes 1. Upward movement (рic. 10):

Рiс. 10

 To increase / rise / go up;  To grow / expand;  To rocket / boom.

To increase and to expand can also be used transitively: e.g. We increased sales. To raise can only be used transitively: e.g. We raised our prices. Our sales rose last year GRAMMAR: Transitive verbs can be used when we want to express an action which affects an object. ACTION OBJECT e.g. We raised our prices. Intransitive verbs cannot be used to express an action, only a result. RESULT e.g. Price rose. 2. Downward movement (рic. 11):

Рiс. 11

Рiс. 12

 To decrease / fall / drop;  To decline / go down;  To contract;  To slump / collapse. To decrease and to drop can also be used transitively: e.g. We have decreased our costs. We will drop our prices. To reduce and to cut can only be used transitively: e.g. We reduced his salary. We had to cut 200 jobs. 3. At end to movement (рic. 12):  To flatten out / level off 42

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4. No change (рic. 13):  To remain constant / stable;  To stay the same / at the same level Three other verbs — to maintain, to hold and to keep — are used transitively: e.g. We plan to maintain our dividend (at the same level). We need to hold our costs down. We plan to keep our prices low.

Рiс. 13

Degree of change Dramatically / considerably / significantly / moderately / slightly (рic. 14, 15).

Pic. 14

Pic. 15

Sales have fallen considerably (pic. 14). Profits rose slightly (pic. 15). Speed of change Rapidly / quickly / suddenly / gradually / steadily / slowly. Exercise 23. Make these sentences transitive. 1. Our salaries have remained constant for five years. The company ______ salaries at the same level. 2. The temperature in the building has fallen. The caretaker ______ the temperature in the building. 3. Interest rates have risen over the last two weeks. Banks ______their interest rates. 4. Production has stayed the same for some time. The company ______ production at the same level. 5. The average age has decreased in the company. Recruiting policy ______ the average age. Exercise 24. We often use noun phrases instead of verbs to describe trends. For example: 43

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Prices have risen considerably. There has been a considerable rise in prices. The market has expanded slightly. Prices are going to fall dramatically. Our export sales collapsed suddenly. Sales are increasing steadily. Salaries have dropped gradually. Profits will certainly rise significantly. Exercise 25. Complete this description with information from the graph below (pic. 16). I’d like to draw your attention to some key figures. On this graph, I have (a) ________ both profitability and turnover. The (b) ________ line represents turnover and the (c) ______ one represents profits over the last ten years. As you can see, ten years ago our turnover stood at £550.000. Over the next five years it (d) ______ steadily. It reached a peak of £750.000 five years ago and, unfortunately, since then it has (e) ________. It now stands back at £550.000. Let’s look at the profit figures for a minute. During the same period, profits (f) _______. There was a slight (g) ______ in 1993, but otherwise we have (h) our profitability throughout this period.

Pic. 16

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Exercise 26. Prepare and give a presentation on “The golden rules of presentations”. Exercise 27. Use the information and graphs below (pic. 17–19) to prepare and give a short presentation on the UK-based fashion house, Tokai.  Name: Tokai  Business: Fashion house  Founded: 1982  Founders: Daniel and Petra Tindale  Products: Women’s clothing  Organization  London — shops  Lyon — distribution  Milan — shops

Pic. 17

Pic. 18

Pic. 19

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Exercise 28. Use the information and graphs below (pic. 20–22) to prepare and give short presentation on the Dutch-based airline, Air-Inter.

Pic. 20

 Name: Air-Inter  Business: Commercial airline  Founded: 1949  Founders: Martin de Vriess  Product areas: Passenger, freight and charter services

Pic. 21

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International routes

Distribution of business

North America Africa Japan India Australia

Pic. 22

Exercise 29. Use the information below to prepare and give a short presentation on Nike Incorporated. Design and present some effective visuals. Nike Incorporated Foundation: 1972 Employees: 45 (1972); 6,500 (1992) Sales: $3.2 million (1972); $3.4 billion (1992) Share price: $5.50 (1980); $65.00 a share (1992) 1991: profit increase — 15 %, sales increase — 13 % Total world-wide revenue footwear: $2.62 billion (77 %) Apparel: $628 million (18 %) Other: $162 million (5 %) Exercise 30. People at work often have to describe graphs, figures and diagrams that show, for example, changes in price, sales or other data. The following phrases are useful for describing graphs. Match them with the graphs below and complete the missing numbers or dates. Exercise 31. Listen to descriptions of the five graphs and check your answers. Listen again and complete the titles of the graphs. Exercise 32. Tick the correct sentences and change the incorrect ones. Two years ago, we have seen big increases in the price of oil. The price fell in the last two days and it is now 5 per cent lower than before. Our competitors reduced their prices in January. We didn’t raise our prices in recent weeks: they are still at the same lеvel as they were two months ago. Have you reviewed your prices recently? We have reviewed our prices in March. 47

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1) increased from 95 to

2) fell to a low point in

3) remained steady at

4) reached a peak of

5) fluctuated between and 40

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Exercise 33. Look at the chart (pic. 23) and complete the text with the present perfect forms of the following verbs. Use each verb once only. be double drop rise grow fall In the last 20 years, house prices in many countries (1) have grown faster than ever before. In Ireland, house prices (2) __________ by more than 250 per cent. In Australia, the Netherlands and Spain, prices (3) ___________. However, in Germany and Japan, prices (4) ___________ . Japanese house prices (5) ___________ the most changeable. After huge increases during the 1980s, they (6) ___________ every year in the last 12 years. House prices, % change 1995–2003

Pic. 23

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Unit 4 TELEPHONING COMPLAINING Objective: to make contact and exchange information over the phone. Tasks:  to spell and note own key words and numbers in a telephone message;  to make, agree to, and refuse requests;  to respond to new situations and say what;  to write business letters confirming telephone calls. Key vocabulary Making the complaint I’m ringing to complain about ... I’m sorry, but I’m not satisfied with ... Unfortunately there’s a problem with … Explaining the problem The CD player doesn’t work. There seems to be a problem ... We haven’t received the ... Insisting It really isn’t good enough. I’d like to know why ... Threatening If you don’t replace the product, I’ll complain to the manager. If you can’t deliver on time, we’ll have to contact other suppliers. DEALING WITH COMPLAINTS Showing understanding Oh dear! Sorry to hear that. Mmm, I see what you mean. I’m sorry about the problem / delay. Getting the facts Could you give me some details please? What happened exactly? What’s the problem exactly? Making excuses It’s not our policy to replace items. It’s not our fault that it hasn’t arrived. I’m afraid that’s not quite right. Promising action OK, I’ll look into it right away. I promise you I’ll check the details and get back to you. 50

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Exercise 1. Study the Useful language. Then complete the dialogue below with appropriate phrases. Salesperson: Hello. Electrical goods department. Customer: Oh, hello. I’m (1) ______ the video recorder I bought from your store six months ago. Salesperson: Oh, (2) ______. Could you give me some details, please? Customer: There (3) ______ when you try to take the video out of the machine. I want to exchange it for a new video recorder. Salesperson: I’m afraid it’s not (4) ______ . We’ll send it to the manufacturer for repair. Customer: It really (5) ______. It’s the second time it’s happened (6) _____ exchange it for a new machine, (7) ______ have to take further action. Exercise 2. Listen to Enid Wong, a business executive based in Hong Kong. Make notes about the problems she had with a new laptop computer. Exercise 3. In these extracts from Enid’s story the prepositions of time are used incorrectly. Correct the mistakes. Then listen again and check your answers. 1. I had a bad experience on June last year. At the Monday my office bought me an expensive American laptop computer. I had been waiting for it since two months. 2. ... the technician tried to fix it. He worked during seven hours on the Friday and it still wouldn’t work. I didn’t have time to take the laptop to the Computer Centre as I had to fly in the Saturday morning. 3. I tried to install the software. No luck! My brother-in-law tried. No luck! During two months, I had no e-mail at a busy time in my life. 4. When I returned to Hong Kong in the end of August, I sent the machine to the Computer Centre. It was a faulty modem on a brand-new machine. Fortunately, it was working properly since the end of September. Exercise 4. ♫ Listen to Lisa Soares, an Argentine student studying for an MBA in London, had problems when she bought a second hand car. Complete her story below with prepositions of time. Then listen and check your answers. (1) ______ the summer last year, I think it was (2) ______ August, my car kept breaking down. I bought it second hand. I went to the same garage that I’d bought it from. The car salesman said that it would take five days to get it fixed. This was (3) ______ the Monday and we agreed that I would be back to pick it up (4) _______ the Friday. So I went to pick the car up (5) ______ the Friday — and I had to take time off work. I turned up (6) ______ 9.30 in the morning. The salesman hadn’t arranged for any of the work to be done and he 51

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was on holiday (7) ______ a week. So we agreed that the work would be done the following Tuesday. I dropped the car оff (8) ______ Tuesday (9) ______ 9.30 on the way to work. Fortunately, when I turned up (10) the evening, all the repairs had been finished. Three weeks later, they had the cheсk to send me a customer service evaluation questionnaire — and they wanted the answers (11) __________the end of the week! Exercise 5. Read. Western Airport Background. Western Airport, in the British Midlands, is operated by the Western Airport Authority (WAA). In the last five years the number of passengers it handles has greatly increased. Many airlines now use the airport for long-haul flights to North America and the Far East. Unfortunately the growth in business has brought problems. A recent survey showed that passengers had many complaints about the terminal. Several airlines have threatened to route their aircraft through other airports unless WAA take action to improve the situation. WAA must decide how to deal with the complaints and consider what action should be taken. Changes should not require great expenditure as WAA have cash flow problems at present. Complaints about the terminal: 1. The terminal is hot and noisy. Queues at check-in are long, and delays are common. 2. Some of the gates are a long way from the Departure Area. “We walked miles to get to our plane”. 3. After disembarking, passengers couldn’t find the luggage collection hall. “We wandered around for ages”. 4. The baggage conveyor system often breaks down. “When this happens, the staff just look worried and shout into their mobile phones”. 5. The ground staff don’t know enough about the terminal. “They can’t answer a simple question like, "Where’s the BA check-in?"” 6. Some passengers say the security officers are too strict. Because they are so thorough, flights are sometimes delayed. Also, when they search passengers and luggage the scanning equipment does not work properly. “One officer thought the Christmas pudding in my hand luggage was a bomb!” Complaints about the restaurant and bars: The restaurant and bars are run by Airfare, a food company which has a five-year contract with the airport. They are used by four types of customers: business people, tourists, airport employees, and groups (sports teams, clubs, associations, etc.). 52

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Complaints made by customers were as follows: 1. “The restaurant menu is unimaginative. The main dishes are either steak, ham or chicken. Surely the airport can do better?” 2. Airport staff, who use the restaurant frequently, say the meals are too expensive. 3. Smoking areas are not large enough, and there is no clear division from non-smoking areas. 4. Passengers can’t relax because they don’t know when they have to board their planes. 5. There is nowhere for passengers to put their hand luggage. “I was afraid someone would steal it, so I couldn’t enjoy my drink”. 6. The bar staff look unhappy and overworked. Some are rude to passengers. “Bar staff seem to expect a tip after serving every drink”. Exercise 6. You are a representative of one of the following: • The Customer Relations Department of WAA • A major airline • Airfare 1. Consider the complaints and come up with ideas for dealing with them. 2. Hold a meeting of all three groups. Decide what action to take to improve customer service. The meeting should be led by the Manager of the Customer Relations Department. MAKING ARRANGEMENT ON THE TELEPHONE Essential vocabulary Making arrangements Could we meet on Monday at 10.30? Are you free sometime next week? How about next Friday? What about April 10th? Would Wednesday at 2pm suit you? Is 11.15 convenient? Changing arrangements I’m afraid I can’t come on Friday / then. We’ve got an appointment for 11.00, but... I’m afraid something’s come up. Could we fix another time? Responding That’ll be fine. That’s OK. 53

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No sorry, I can’t make it then. My diary’s rather full that day / week. Sorry, I’ve already got an appointment at that time. Exercise 7. ♫ Philippa Knight, Sales Director at The Fashion Group in New York, makes two calls to Maria Bonetti, a fashion buyer in London. Listen and note: a) the purpose of each call; b) the result. Exercise 8. ♫ Listen to the first call again and complete the extract below. Knight: I’m calling because I’ll be in London next week and (1) _____ you. I want to tell you about our new collection. Bonetti: Great. What (2) _______ ? I’m fairly free next week, I think. Knight: (3) _______ ? In the afternoon? Could (4) _______ then? Bonetti: Let me look now. Let (5) _______ . Yes, that’d be no problem at all (6) _______ two o’clock? Is that OK? Exercise 9. ♫ Listen to the second call again and complete the extract below. Receptionist: Thank you. I’m putting you through. Hello, I’m afraid she’s engaged at the moment. (1) _________ or can I take a message? Knight: I’ll leave a message please. The thing is, I should be meeting Ms Bonetti at 2pm, (2) _________. My plane was delayed, and I’ve got to reschedule my appointments. If possible, (3) _______ tomorrow. (4) _______ in the morning. (5) ___________ here at the hotel, please? Receptionist: Certainly. What’s the number, please? Knight: It’s (6) ____________ . Exercise 10. Role play these two telephone situations. 1. One of you is a company employee who has arranged to meet a colleague (your partner) from one of your subsidiaries. Explain that you cannot keep the appointment, and give a reason. Suggest an alternative time. 2. You are on a business trip and you want to stay an extra day. Telephone the airline office to arrange a different flight. Exercise 11. ♫ Listen A. Bella Ford, a buyer for Empire Wines, is negotiating with Pierre Hemard, Sales Director for Marques Vineyards, Napa Valley, California. Listen and fill in the missing words. 54

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Bella: If (1) ________ more than 500 cases of the Reserve, what discount can you offer us? Pierre: On 500, nothing. But if (2) ______ 1000 cases, we’ll offer 15 %. Bella: Let me think about that. Now, if (3) ______ an order for 1000, will you be able to despatch immediately? Pierre: I don’t know about immediately, but certainly this month. Bella: Well, if (4) _______ tо us before the Christmas rush, it’ll be OK. I take it your prices include insurance? Pierre: Actually, no. You’d be responsible for that. If (5) _______ your order, then we’d be willing to cover insurance as well. Bella: I’ll need to do some calculations ... Pierre: Let’s look at methods of payment. Since we’ve not dealt with you before, we’d like to be paid by banker’s draft. Bella: Well, this is a large order. We’ve done business with many well-known wine producers and we’ve always paid by letter of credit. Pierre: OK. I (6) _______ to you paying by letter of credit, then you’ll have to pay us within 30 days. Bella: That should be fine. B. Bella and Pierre then negotiate the terms for another wine, the Santa Rita. Use the notes below to write the conversation. Then practise reading your conversations to each other. Pierre: Now let’s talk about your order for the Santa Rita. Bella: OK, I hope you’ll offer me good terms ... Pierre: • Order 2000 cases / 10 % discount / deliver before Christmas rush / cover insurance. Bella: • Less demand for Santa Rita / 10 % discount OK; • want only 1500 cases. Pierre: • Cannot agree. Bella: • Order 2000 / want another 3 % discount. Pierre: • 1 % only and 30 cases of champagne / fair offer! Bella: • A deal! Exercise 12. Match the words and phrases (1–10) with similar meanings (a–j). 1. The line’s busy a) I’ll connect you. 2. Will you hold? b) One moment. 3. I’ll put you through. c) An office number. 4. A code. d) Could I have your name? 5. An extension number. e) I’m ready. 6. Who’s calling please? f) The line’s engaged. 7. Hold on. g) A country or area number. 55

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8. This is … 9. Go head. 10. Anything else?

h) Is that all? i) Can you wait? j) … Speaking

Exercise 13. ♫ Duncan Ross’s secretary, Carol, phones British Airways reservations office to get information about flights. Listen to the conversation. Note down the times of flights. Flight times Sun p.m.

Edinburgh — Paris

Fri

Bordeaux

— London

Exercise 14. ♫ Listen to the conversation again and tick the phrases you hear. Asking for information I’d like to know some information about ... I’ll look that up. Do you know? Can you tell me? Could you tell me?

Checking Let me check.

Showing understanding I see. Right, I’ve got that.

Apologizing I’m afraid I don’t have any information about ... I’m sorry, I can’t tell… Asking for repetition Could you repeat that, please? Could you say that again?

Exercise 15. ♫ Carol phones French Railways in London. Listen to the conversation and note down the information. Train times Bordeaux — Paris Wed arrive by 1 p.m. Which station? Exercise 16. ♫ Listen to the conversation again and complete the questions. 1. Can you tell me when __________________? 2. Could you tell me when ________________? 3. Do you know which station _____________? 56

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Exercise 17. Compare the questions from the two conversations. Which are more polite, the direct or indirect questions? What is the difference in the form of the verb? Direct questions: What time does the direct flight arrive? When do the later flights arrive? Do I need to make a reservation? Indirect questions: Do you know if Air France flies from Bordeaux to London? Can you tell me when you want to travel? Could you tell me when it leaves? Do you know which station it leaves from? Exercise 18. Work in pairs. Some of these questions are not correct. Write the correct question. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Could you tell me what the fare is? I’d like to know how long does the journey take. Do you know if there’s a dining car on the train? Can you tell me which airport does the flight leave from? Do you know how much is the fare? I’d like to know where I can buy a ticket.

Exercise 19. Work in pairs. Ask for and give information. Practise asking indirect questions. Begin your questions with the phrases in Exercise 18. Exercise 20. Role-play 1: Student A Phone British Airways. Ask for information about flights from London Heathrow to Madrid. You want to know: • how many flights a day; • when flights depart / arrive; • what / cheapest fare; • If / any restrictions / on cheapest fare. British Airways Flight Information from London Heathrow to Madrid Student В You work for British Airways. Use the information below to answer an enquiry. 57

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Depart Arrive 08.30 11.45 14.10 17.25 19.10 22.25 Club Europe Euro Traveler full economy fare *Apex economy fare

Daily Fares

Flight number BA458 BA460 BA462 £480 £234

* Apex fares must include a Saturday night stay and must be booked a minimum of seven days in advance.

Role-play 2: Student A You work for French Railways in London. Use the information below to answer an enquiry. Student В Phone French Railways. Ask for information about trains from Paris to Frankfurt. You want to know: • how many trains a day; • when trains / depart / arrive; • if / dining car on the trains; • how much / 1st and 2nd class fares.

Paris-Est Metz Mannheim Frankfurt/Main Notes Daily

EC

Daily

EC

Daily

EC

Fares Single Return

French Airways EC 57 EC55 1 2 08.55 12.58 11.52 15.55 14.11 18.11 15.06 19.06 Heinrich Heine Gustav Eiffel Goethe

EC 53 3 17.14 20.02 22.19 23.15

X X X (Supplement on certain days) 1st class £95 £190

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2nd class £64 £128

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Unit 5 TRAVELLING Exercise 1. Travellers are always discoverers, especially those who travel by air. There are no signposts in the sky that a man has passed this way before. 1. How often do you travel by air, rail, underground, road and sea? 2. What do you enjoy about travelling? What don’t you enjoy? 3. Which is the best / worst airline you have flown? Why? Exercise 2. Which of these things irritate you the most when flying? Rank them in order of most and least irritating. diversions sitting next to someone who talks non-stop strikes not enough room long queues at check-in bad food jet lag available overbooking sitting next to children bad weather no trolleys lost or delayed luggage Exercise 3. Which word in each pair below is American English? 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12)

petrol — gasoline truck — lorry car park — parking lot holiday — vacation cab — taxi baggage — luggage return — round trip tube — subway motorway — freeway line — queue timetable — schedule flight attendant — steward / stewardess 59

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Exercise 4. Read the letter and answer these questions: 1. 2. 3. 4.

What is the purpose of the letter? What incentive is the company offering if you fill in the questionnaire? What condition is attached to the offer? Why do companies run this type of promotion?

Emirates Emirates, First Floor, Gloucester Park, 95 Cromwell Road, London SW7 4DL Mr Paul Foley 31 Church Street ST ALBANS Herts SA5 3BN

2 January Dear Mr Foley A free flight voucher and a chance to win a luxury Far East holiday As someone who has flown Emirates in the past year you will have experienced our outstanding service to the Middle East. But were you aware that Emirates also flies to an extensive network of major destinations all around the world? By filling in the enclosed questionnaire, you’ll be helping us with our research on your views as a business traveller; as well as providing an update for our database. This will ensure that we only send out information and offers that are relevant to you personally. To thank you for your time and effort we will send you a free flight voucher. You can use this to claim a free Economy ticket if you take a First or Business Class trip with Emirates before July this year. In addition we will be entering all respondees’ names in a free prize draw, and the winner will receive a Business Class trip for two people including seven nights’ luxury hotel accommodation in a choice of three exotic locations — Hong Kong, Singapore, or Bangkok. To qualify for your free voucher and enter the prize draw, please ensure your completed questionnaire reaches us by 22 January. You’ll find full details in the enclosed leaflet. I do hope you find the information in it interesting and that you take advantage of our free flight offer — and I wish you the best of luck with our prize draw. The winner will be notified by 5 March. Most of all, I hope we will be welcoming you once more on board an Emirates flight. Yours sincerely Vic Sheppard Sales Manager — UK & Ireland 60

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Exercise 5. There are a number of countable and uncountable nouns in the letter. Countable nouns can have a plural form; they can be used with a or an (an office, two offices). Uncountable nouns do not have a plural form. Which of these nouns from the letter are countable? Which are uncountable? research questionnaire location network information accommodation Exercise 6. Correct the mistakes in the use of countable and uncountable nouns below. Alpha Airlines flies to an extensive network of major destinations. We need information from you. Help us with our researches by filling in two questionnaires and you will be entered into a prize draw for a trip for two people including seven nights’ luxury hotel accommodations, one of three exotic locations. Exercise 7. ♫ David Creith, Customer Service Teaching Manager for an international airline, is talking about the problems he has to solve for business travellers. 1. Before you listen, predict what the problems might be. 2. Now listen to the first part of the interview and check your answers. Exercise 8. Listen again to the first part of the interview and answer these questions. 1. David Creith is the Customer Service Teaching manager: a) for which airline? b) at which terminal? c) at which airport? 2. Some people want: a) _______ b) ________ c) to sit next to their colleague 3. Why is it not possible to give everyone the seat they want? 4. Why do airlines have to oversell flights? 5. Who are Gold Card holders? 6. What do Gold Card holders often ask for?

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Exercise 9. ♫ In the second part of the interview David Creith talks about how he deals with telephone complaints. Listen and complete the chart. Listen _______ very carefully ____________

Find _______________________________

Example _____________________________

________ by ________

Not caused by _____

Make sure it doesn’t ____

Offer an ______ if required

REFERENCES Johnson C. Intelligent Business. Coursebook. Pearson Education Limited, 2006. Cotton D., Falvey D., Kent S. Market Leader. Course book. Pearson Education Limited, 2000. Mascull B. Business Vocabulary in Use. Cambridge University Press, 2002. Barall I., Barall N. Intelligent Business. Workbook. Pearson Education Limited, 2006. Grant D., McLarty R. Business Basics. Course book. Oxford University Press, 2001.

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CONTENTS UNIT 1. Job-seeking .....................................................3 UNIT 2. Company profile .............................................9 UNIT 3. Presentation...................................................28 UNIT 4. Telephoning ..................................................50 UNIT 5. Travelling......................................................59 References ...................................................................62

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Минимальные системные требования определяются соответствующими требованиями программ Adobe Reader версии не ниже 11-й либо Adobe Digital Editions версии не ниже 4.5 для платформ Windows, Mac OS, Android и iOS; экран 10”

Учебное электронное издание Бессонова Елена Владимировна, Раковская Елена Аликовна

PROFESSIONAL ENGLISH IN USE Редактор Н.А. Котова Компьютерная правка, верстка О.В. Суховой Дизайн обложки Д.Л. Разумного

Подписано к использованию 29.08.2017 Формат 13,0×20,0 см Гарнитура Times New Roman Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Национальный исследовательский Московский государственный строительный университет» (НИУ МГСУ) 129337, Москва, Ярославское ш., 26 Издательство МИСИ — МГСУ Тел.: (495) 287-49-14 (вн. 13-71), (499) 188-29-75, (499) 183-97-95 Сайт: http://mgsu.ru Эл. почта: [email protected], [email protected] Электронная версия данной книги подготовлена Агентством электронных изданий «Интермедиатор» Сайт: http://www.intermediator.ru Телефон: (495) 587-74-81 Эл. почта: [email protected]