Principles of Food Science 1645645614, 9781645645610

Table of contents :
Contents
1. Food Science: An Old but New Subject
2. Scientific Evaluation: Being Objective
3. Sensory Evaluation: The Human Factor
4. Basic Food Chemistry: The Nature of Matter
5. Energy: Matter in Motion
6. Ions: Charged Particles in Solution
7. Water: The Universal Solvent
8. Sugar: The Simplest of Carbohydrates
9. The Complex Carbohydrates: Starches, Cellulose, Gums, and Pectins
10. Lipids: Nature's Flavor Enchancers
11. Proteins: Amino Acids and Peptides
12. Enzymes: The Protein Catalyst
13. The Micronutrients: Vitamins and Minerals
14. Phytochemicals: The Other Food Components
15. Food Analogs: Substitute Ingredients
16. Additives: Producing Desired Characteristics in Foods
17. Fermentation: Desirable Effects of Microbes
18. Food Safety: Sources of Contamination
19. Biotechnology: Nanotechnology, and Cell Cultures
20. Thermal Preservation: Hot and Cold Processing
21. Dehydration and Concentration: Controlling Water Activity
22. Food Packaging and Labeling
23. Mixtures: Solutions, Colloidal Dispersions, and Suspensions
24. Separation Techniques: Mechanical and Chemical Methods
25. Research: Developing New Food Products
26. Food Science Related Careers: A World of Oppurtunities
Glossary
Index

Citation preview

• of

• • FIFTH

Janet D. Ward . Larry T. Ward . Jodi Songer Riedel

E DITION

•

• •

of

FIFTH

by

Janet D. Ward Family and Consumer Sciences Educator and Consultant Crumpler, North Carolina

LarryT. Ward Contributing Author Crumpler, North Carolina

Jodi Songer Riedel Contributing Author Wake Forest, North Carolina

Publisher

The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc. Tinley Park, IL www.g-w.com

EDITION

Copyright © 2022 by The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc.

Previous editions copyright 2015, 20131 200~ 2002 AJl rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced, stored, or tran smitted in any forn1 or by any electronic or rnecl1anical means, inclu ding informa tion storage and retrieval systems, without th e prior written permission of The Goodheart-Wi.Ucox Company, Inc. Manufactured in the United States of America. ISBN 978-1-64564-561-0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 - 22 - 25 24 23 22 21 20 The Goodheart-Willcox Company, Inc. Brand Dis claimer: Brand names, coo,pany names, and illus trations for products and services induded in this text are provided for educational purposes onJy and do not represent or imply endorsement or reconunendation by the author or the publisher. The Goodhear t-Wil lcox Company, Inc. Safety N otice: The reader is expressly advised to carefully read, understand, and apply all safety precautions and w·arnings described in this book or thatnught also be fr1cUcated iii undertaking the activities and exercises descril;>ed herein to 1ninimize risk of personal injury or i11jury to othe.rs. Com1non sense and good judgment should also be exercised and applied to help avoid al1 potential hazards. The reader should always refer to the appropriate manufacturer's tecluucal inforn1ation, dfrections, and recorrunendations; then proceed with care to follow specific equip·me:nt operating inst.ructions. The reader should understand these notices and cautions are not exhaustive.

The publisher makes no warranty or representation whatsoever, either expressed or implied, including but not lfrnjted to equipn1.ent1 procedures, and applications described or referred to herein, their quality, perforn1ance, merchantabil ity, or fitness for a particular purpose. The publisher assum.es no responsibility for any changes, errors, or on1issions .in this book. The publisher specifically disclaims any liability whatsoever, including any direct, indi.rect, incidental, consequential, special, or exemplary damages resulting, in whole or in part, fron1 the reader's use or reliance upon the infonnation, i11structions, procedures, warn..ir1gs, cautions, applications, or other matter contained in this book. The publisher assumes no responsibili ty for the activities of the reader. The G oodhea rt-Wi Ucox Company, Inc. Internet Disclaimer : The lnternet resources and listings iJ1 th is Goodheart-Willcox Publisher product a1·e provided solely as a convenience to you. Thes-e resources and listings were reviewed at the tiro.e of publication to provide you with accurate, safe, and appropriate information. Goodheart-Wille.ox Publisher has no control over the referenced websites and, due to t he dynatnic nature of the Internet, is not responsible or I iable for the content, products, or perfonnance of links to other websites or resou rces. Goodheart-Willcox Publisher n1.akes no representation, either expressed or implied, regarding the content of these websites, and such references do not constitute an endorsen,ent or recommendation of the iniorn1ation or content presented. lt is your responsibility to take aJ I protective 1neasures to guard against inappropriate content, vii-uses, or other destructive elements. Cover image: PR JJnage Factory/Shutterstock.com; Unit- Number images: Anna Hoychuk /Shutterstock.com; Feature icons: Farm Futures: Artistas/Shutterstoc k.coin; Historical Highlight: LoopAll/Sh1,1tterstocl:

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