Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry, Index to Volumes 1-12 9781909821514, 1874774684, 1909821519

Table of contents :
Frontmatter
Table of Contents by Volume (page 1)
Chronological Table of Contents (page 27)
Index of Persons (page 47)
General Index (page 91)
Index of Books Reviewed (page 163)
Index of Contributors (page 183)
Notes on Contributors of Articles and Review Essays (page 193)
List of Obituaries (page 221)
APPENDICES
Polish History: A Chronological Table (page 225)

Citation preview

THE INSTITUTE FOR POLISH—JEWISH STUDIES The Institute for Polish—Jewish Studies in Oxford and its sister organization, the American Association for Polish—-Jewish Studies, which publish Poli, were established after the International Conference on Polish—Jewish Studies held in Oxford in September 1984. The scholars present on that occasion, from Israel, Poland, western Europe, North America, and South Africa, wished to establish a framework for the study of the Polish Jewish past on an interdisciplinary basis and in a manner which transcended exclusive national, religious, and ethnic perspectives. In addition to Poli, the Institute and Association have sponsored the publication of over twenty books on Polish Jewish topics,

and have helped organize international conferences at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow, the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, the University of £,6dz, and the Institute for the Study of Human Sciences in Vienna. They have also encouraged academic exchanges between Israel, Poland, the United States, and western Europe and have sought to aid in the training of a new generation of scholars of Polish Jewry. The Institute for Polish—Jewish Studies is an associate centre of the Oxford

Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies. The American Association for Polish—Jewish Studies is based in Boston, Massachusetts, and is linked with

the Department of Near Eastern and Judaic Studies, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts. The major intellectual and scholarly contribution that the Institute for Polish— Jewish Studies, the American Association for Polish—Jewish Studies, and Polin

have all made to an understanding of the history of the Jews in Poland and thereby to encouraging Polish—Jewish dialogue has been recognized several times by the government of the Republic of Poland. Rafael Scharf, founder of the Institute for Polish—Jewish Studies and a member of the editorial board of Polin, received the Commander’s Cross of the Order of Merit. Ben Helfgott, chairman of the Institute for Polish—Jewish Studies, received the Knight’s

Cross of the Order of Merit, as did Irene Pipes, president of the American Association for Polish—Jewish Studies, and Antony Polonsky, the founding editor of Polin and editor or co-editor of almost all its volumes. Jonathan Webber, honorary treasurer of the Institute for Polish—Jewish Studies and a member of the editorial board of Polin, and also a founding member of the International Auschwitz Council, received the Gold Cross of the Order of Merit. Connie Webber, a member of the Council of the Institute for Polish—Jewish Studies and managing editor of the Littman Library, received the Silver Cross of the Order of Merit. The Polin series as a whole has now also been recognized by the National Jewish Book Council of America, being nominated winner of the 1999 National Jewish Book Award in the eastern European category.

THE LITTMAN LIBRARY OF JEWISH CIVILIZATION MANAGING EDITOR Connie Webber

Dedicated to the memory of

Louis THOMAS SIDNEY LITTMAN who founded the Littman Library for the love of God and in memory of his father JOSEPH AARON LITTMAN

Tita DIT S87

‘Get wisdom, get understanding: Forsake her not and she shall preserve thee’ PROV. 4: 5

The Littman Library of Fewish Civilization is a registered UK charity Registered charity no. 1000784

STUDIES IN POLISH JEWRY

INDEX TO VOLUMES 1-12 Edited by

ANTONY POLONSKY

Published for

The Institute for Polish—Jewish Studies and The American Association for Polish—Jewish Studies

London - Portland, Oregon

The Littman Library of Jewish Civilization

| 2000

The Littman Library of Jewish Civilization 74 Addison Road London W14 8DJ, UK

Published in the United States and Canada by The Littman Library of Fewish Civilization

clo ISBS, 5804 N.E. Hassalo Street, Portland, Oregon 97213-3644

All rights reserved. | © Institute for Polish-fewish Studies 2000

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of The Littman Library of Jewish Civilization

The paperback edition of this book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out or otherwise circulated without the publisher’s prior consent in any form of binding or cover other than that in which it ts published and without a similar condition including this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser

A catalogue record for this book 1s available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication data applied for

ISSN 0268 1056

ISBN 1-874774-68-4 ISBN 1-874774-78-1 (pbk.) Publishing co-ordinator: Janet Moth Production: fohn Saunders General index: Bonnie Blackburn Design: Pete Russell, Faringdon, Oxon. Typeset by Footnote Graphics, Warminster, Wilts. Printed in Great Britain on acid-free paper by Biddles Ltd., Guildford and King’s Lynn

Articles appearing in this publication are abstracted and indexed in Eistorical Abstracts and America: History and Life

This volume was made possible by grants from

MRS ALEXANDRA HAWIGER,

MR GEORGE SZABAD,

THE MAZER FUND, BRANDEIS UNIVERSITY, and the

GTR FUND, DEPARTMENT OF NEAR EASTERN

AND JUDAIC STUDIES, BRANDEIS UNIVERSITY

Editors and Advisers EDITORS Monika Adamczyk-Garbowska, Lublin Israel Bartal, Jerusalem Antony Polonsky (Chair), Waltham, Mass. Michael Steinlauf, Philadelphia Jerzy ‘Tomaszewski, Warsaw

REVIEW EDITORS ChaeRan Freeze, Waltham, Mass. Joshua Zimmerman, New York

EDITORIAL BOARD

Chimen Abramsky, London Jehuda Reinharz, Waltham, Mass. Wtadystaw T. Bartoszewski, Warsaw Moshe Rosman, Te/ Aviv Stanislaus Bleywas, New Britain, Conn. Henryk Samsonowicz, Warsaw

David Engel, New York Rafael Scharf, London

David Fishman, New York Robert Shapiro, New York ChaeRan Freeze, Waltham, Mass. Michael Steinlauf, Philadelphia

Jozef Gierowski, Krakow Adam Teller, Haifa

Jacob Goldberg, Jerusalem Piotr S. Wandycz, New Haven

Yisrael Gutman, ferusalem Jonathan Webber, Oxford

Jerzy Ktoczowski, Lublin Joshua Zimmerman, New York

Ezra Mendelsohn, Jerusalem Steven Zipperstein, Stanford, Calif. Elchanan Reiner, 7e/ Aviv ADVISORY BOARD

Wtadystaw Bartoszewski, Warsaw Stanistaw Litak, Lublin | Jan Btonski, Krakow Heinz-Dietrich Lowe, He:delberg

Abraham Brumberg, Washington Emanuel Meltzer, Tel Aviv Andrzej Chojnowski, Warsaw Czestaw Mitosz (Hon. Chair), Berkeley

Tadeusz Chrzanowski, Krakow Shlomo Netzer, Tel Aviv Andrzej Ciechanowiecki, London David Patterson, Oxford Norman Davies, London Zbigniew Petczynski, Oxford Victor Erlich, New Haven Szymon Rudnicki, Warsaw

Frank Golczewski, Hamburg Alexander Schenker, New Haven

Olga Goldberg, Jerusalem David Sorkin, Madison

Feliks Gross, New York Edward Stankiewicz, New Haven

Czestaw Hernas, Wroctaw Norman Stone, Ankara

Maurycy Horn, Warsaw Daniel Tollet, Paris

Jerzy Jedlicki, Warsaw Shmuel Werses, Ferusalem

Andrzej Kaminski, Washington Jacek Wozniakowski, Lublin

Hillel Levine, Boston Piotr Wrobel, Toronto

Lucjan Lewitter, Cambridge, Mass.

Preface THE publication of this consolidated index for the first twelve volumes of Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry marks an important stage in the coming of age of our yearbook. When the Jewish Publication Society, founded in Philadelphia in 1888, undertook to publish its first major work, an American edition of the five-volume ENstory of the Jews which Heinrich Graetz, the Nestor of Jewish historiography, had prepared for the London Jewish Chronicle, Henrietta Szold, the principal editor and spiritus movens of the society, decided to add an additional volume to the original five to make it ‘readily available for pedagogical purposes’. ‘This index volume,

in the words of the historian of the society Jonathan Sarna, provided ‘a fitting capstone to [the society’s] first great publishing achievement, [inviting] relentless pursuit of elusive facts through all five volumes of Graetz’s narrative’. We very much hope that this index will provide similar assistance to those searching for information on the history of the Jews of Poland—Lithuania through the first twelve volumes of Polin.

It was only when the Littman Library of Jewish Civilization began to publish Polin, with volume 8 in 1994, that an index came to be a standard element of each volume. The present index therefore covers volumes 1 to 7 for the first time; later volumes have been freshly indexed to provide comprehensive coverage of the subjects, organizations, places, and individuals discussed in the series so far. In addition to full indexes of subjects and persons, we have included six other sections to enable students of Polish Jewish issues make the most flexible use of the yearbook: two tables of contents, arranged first by volume and then by historical period; an index of books reviewed, also giving the name of the reviewer; an index

of contributors, itemizing all their contributions from articles to obituaries and indicating where their own books have been reviewed in the pages of Polin; and a section of background notes giving information on contributors’ affiliation and areas of interest. Finally, two appendices supply a table of Polish history from the fourth century, and maps showing the changing shape of Poland from the tenth century to the present. All this will, we are sure, enable scholars and students in the field of Polish Jewish studies to make maximum use of the wealth of material contained in the first twelve volumes of Polin. As a further convenience, the Chronological ‘Table of Contents also indicates those key articles from volumes I to

7 reproduced in From Shtetl to Socialism, a compendium volume published in paperback in 1993 and perhaps easier to obtain than some of the earlier volumes. Polin is sponsored by the Institute of Polish—Jewish Studies, Oxford, and by the American Association for Polish—Jewish Studies, which is linked with the Depart-

Vill Preface ment of Near Eastern and Judaic Studies, Brandeis University. As with our first twelve issues, this volume could not have appeared without the untiring assistance of many individuals. In particular, we should like to express our gratitude to Dr Jonathan Webber, treasurer of the Institute for Polish—Jewish Studies, Professor Jehuda Reinharz, president of Brandeis University, and Mrs Irene Pipes, president of the American Association for Polish—Jewish Studies. ‘This volume could not have been published without the constant assistance and supervision of Connie Webber,

managing editor of the Littman Library, Janet Moth, publishing co-ordinator, our principal indexer Bonnie Blackburn, and my assistants Sarah Zaslaw and Claire Rosenson. We also owe a debt to Gwido Zlatkes for keeping to a minimum mistakes in the Polish language.

Contents Table of Contents by Volume 1 Chronological Table of Contents 27

Index of Persons 47

General Index 91 Index of Books Reviewed 163

Index of Contributors 183 Notes on Contributors of Articles and Review Essays 193 List of Obituaries 221 APPENDICES Polish History: A Chronological Table 225 Maps 1. The Kingdom of Bolestaw the Brave in 1025 240 2. Poland under Kazimierz the Great, 1370 241

3-Polandin1771 242 4. The Partitions of Poland 244 5. Poland in Napoleonic Europe 245 6. The Territorial Settlement of 1815 in Eastern Europe 246 7. [he Congress Kingdom of Poland 247 8. The Territories Making Up the Polish State in 1921 248 g. The German Occupation, 1939-1945 249 10. Post-War Poland 250

BLANK PAGE

‘Table of Contents by Volume

VOLUME I (1986) ARTICLES The Reconstruction of Pre-Ashkenazic Jewish Settlements in the Slavic Lands in the Light of Linguistic Sources 3 PAUL WEXLER

Jewish Perceptions of Insecurity and Powerlessness in Sixteenth- to

Eighteenth-Century Poland 19 .

M. J. ROSMAN Some Basic Characteristics of the Jewish Experience in Poland 28 GERSHON DAVID HUNDERT The Changes in the Attitude of Polish Society Toward the Jews in the Eighteenth

Century 35 JACOB GOLDBERG

Eros and Enlightenment: Love Against Marriage in the East European Jewish

Enlightenment 49 DAVID BIALE

Polish-Jewish Relations and the January Uprising: The Polish Perspective 68 MAGDALENA OPALSKA

Loyalty to the Crown or Polish Patriotism? The Metamorphoses of an Anti-Polish Story of the 1863 Insurrection 81 ISRAEL BARTAL The Polish Revolt of 1863 and the Birth of Russification: Bad for the Jews? 96 JOHN D. KLIER A Turning-Point in the History of Polish Socialism and its Attitude Towards the Jewish

Question 111

MOSHE MISHKINSKY The Question of the Assimilation of Jews in the Polish Kingdom, 1864-1897: An Interpretive Essay 130 ALINA CAEA

The Secular Appropriation of Hasidism by an East European Jewish Intellectual: Dubnow, Renan, andthe Besht 151 ROBERT M. SELTZER

2 Table of Contents by Volume

Two World Wars 163

Some Methodological Problems of the Study of Jewish History in Poland Between the JERZY TOMASZEWSKI

Jews and Poles in Yiddish Literature in Poland Between the Two World Wars 176 CHONE SHMERUK Is There a Jewish School of Polish Literature? 196 JAN BLONSKI

_ The Underground Movement in Auschwitz ConcentrationCamp 212 JOZEF GARLINSKI DOCUMENTS Pinsk, Saturday 5 April 1919 227 JERZY TOMASZEWSKI On Translating the Bible into Polish: An Interview with Czestaw Mitosz 252 EWA CZARNECKA

DIALOGUE | In Anger and In Sorrow: Towards a Polish-Jewish Dialogue 270 RAFAEL F. SCHARF Some Thoughts on Polish—Jewish Relations 278 WELADYSEAW BARTOSZEWSKI

BIBLIOGRAPHICAL ESSAYS The Jewish Community of the Second Republic in Polish Historiography of the

1980s 288 ANDRZEJ CHOJNOWSKI

The Western Allies and the Holocaust 300 DAVID ENGEL

Five Wartime Testimonies 316 WLADYSEAW BARTOSZEWSKI

Ashkenazic Jewry and Catastrophe 327 STEVEN J. ZIPPERSTEIN BOOK REVIEWS = 336-419

Volume 2 3 VOLUME 2 (10987)

ARTICLES -

Lucien Wolf and the Making of Poland: Paris, 1919 5 EUGENE C. BLACK The Dmowski—Namier Feud, 1915-1918 37 PAUL LATAWSKI

History and Myth: Pinsk, April 1919 50 JOZEF LEWANDOWSKI Polish Diplomacy and the American Jewish Community Between the Wars 73

, DANIEL STONE Dmowski, Paderewski and American Jews (A Documentary Compilation) 95 GEORGE J. LERSKI The Basic Privileges of the Jews of Great Poland as Reflected in Polish

Historiography 117 SHMUEL A. CYGIELMAN

The Decline of the Polish-Lithuanian Kahal 150 ELI LEDERHENDLER A Mobile Class. The Subjective Element in the Social Perception of Jews: The Example

of Eighteenth-Century Poland 163 ANNA ZUK

Polish Synagogues in the Nineteenth Century 179 MARIA and KAZIMIERZ PIECHOTKA The Image of the Jew in Polish Narrative Prose of the Romantic Period 199 MIECZYSEAW INGLOT The Polish Jewish Daily Press 219 MICHAEL C. STEINLAUF

From ‘Numerus Clausus’ to ‘Numerus Nullus’ 246

SZYMON RUDNICKI |

DOCUMENTS The Polish Government-in-Exile and the Holocaust. Stanistaw Kot’s Confrontation with Palestinian Jewry, November 1942 -— January 1943: Selected

Documents 269 DAVID ENGEL

The Stanistaw Kot Collection, Warsaw 310 BERNADETA TENDYRA

4 Table of Contents by Volume COMMENTARIES The Poor Poles Look at the Ghetto 321 JAN BLONSKI Polish—Jewish Relations During the Second World War: A Discussion 337 REVIEW ESSAYS

Images of Jewish Poland in the Post-War Polish Cinema 359

EDWARD ROGERSON ,

The Holocaust—Jews and Gentiles: In Memory of the Jews of Pacan6w 372 ANDRZEJ BRYK

Jews asaPolish Problem 391 WLADYSLAW T. BARTOSZEWSKI

BOOK REVIEWS 404-74

OBITUARIES 480-4

VOLUME 3 (1988) ARTICLES Jews in Warsaw

Emanuel Ringelblum, the Chronicler of the Warsaw Ghetto 5 ISRAEL GUTMAN

The Undefined Town Within a Town: A History of Jewish Settlement in the Western

Districts of Warsaw 17 PETER J. MARTYN The Jewish Population in Warsaw at the Turn of the Eighteenth Century 46 ARTUR EISENBACH ‘The Jews have killed a tailor’: The Socio-Political Background of a Pogrom in Warsaw

in 1790 78 KRYSTYNA ZIENKOWSKA

The Jews of Warsaw, Polish Society, and the Partitioning Powers, 1795-1861 102 STEFAN KIENIEWICZ Aspects of Population Change and of Acculturation in Jewish Warsaw at the End of the Nineteenth Century: The Censuses of 1882 and 1897 122 STEPHEN D. CORRSIN

Volume 3 5 Aspects of the History of Warsaw as a Yiddish Literary Centre 142 CHONE SHMERUK

Jewish Warsaw Before the First World War 156 PIOTR WROBEL The History of the Warsaw Ghetto in the Light of the Reports of Ludwig Fischer 188 MARIAN M. DROZDOWSKI

Jacob Shatzky, Historian of Warsaw Jewry 200 ROBERT MOSES SHAPIRO

General The Socio-Cultural Integration of the Jewish Population in the Province of Radom,

1815-1862 214 ADAM PENKALLA

The Religious Orders and the Jews in Nazi-Occupied Poland 238 JERZY KLOCZOWSKI The Conditions of Admittance and the Social Background of Jewish Children Saved by Women’s Religious Orders in Poland, 1939-1945 244 EWA KUREK-LESIK

DOCUMENT Vladimir Jabotinsky’s Talks with Representatives of the Polish Government 276 JERZY TOMASZEWSKI COMMENTARY

On Immoral Reason and Illogical Morality 294 ZYGMUNT BAUMAN

EXCHANGE Some Observations on the Situation of the Jewish Minority in Poland During the Years

1918-1939 302 JACEK M. MAJCHROWSKI

EZRA MENDELSOHN |

Response to Majchrowski 309

REPORTS International Conference on Polish Jews in Jerusalem 314 ANTONY POLONSKY

6 Table of Contents by Volume Catalogue of Jewish Cemeteries in Poland 333 , ADAM PENKALLA

REVIEW ESSAYS

Khazarian Hebrew Documents of the Tenth Century 335 ANDRZEJ POPPE The Polish Borderlands and Nationality Problems 343 HENRY ROLLET

BOOK REVIEWS 348-448

OBITUARIES 455-62

VOLUME 4 (10989) ARTICLES

National Stereotypes 3

LESZEK KOLAKOWSKI ,

Poles and Jews as the ‘Other’ 6 WEADYSEAW T. BARTOSZEWSKI

Images of the Jew in the Polish Commonwealth 18 JANUSZ TAZBIR A Minority Views the Majority: Jewish Attitudes Towards the Polish—Lithuanian

Commonwealth and Interaction with Poles 31 M. J. ROSMAN Yiddish ‘Historical’ Songs as Sources for the History of the Jews in Pre-Partition

Poland 42

CHAVA TURNIANSKY

Non-Jews and Gentile Society in East European Hebrew and Yiddish Literature

1856-1914 53 ISRAEL BARTAL

Trends in the Literary Perception of Jews in Modern Polish Fiction 70 MAGDALENA OPALSKI Antisemitic Literature in Poland Before the First World War 87 FRANK GOLCZEWSKI Mr Geldhab and Sambo in Peyes: Images of the Jew on the Polish Stage,

1863-1905 98 MICHAEL C. STEINLAURF

Volume 4 7 The Image of the Shtetl in Polish Literature 129 EUGENIA PROKOPOWNA

Ethnic Diversity in Twentieth-Century Poland 143

NORMAN DAVIES , The Jewish Question in the Work of the Instytut Badan Spraw

Narodowosciowych 159 ANDRZEJ CHOJNOWSKI The Ubiquitous Enemy: The Jew in the Political Thought of Radical Right-Wing Nationalists in Poland, 1929-1939 169 ANNA LANDAU-CZAJKA

Jews and Poles under Soviet Occupation, 1939-1941: Conflicting Interests 204 PAWEE KORZEC and JEAN-CHARLES SZUREK

Polish-Jewish Relations and the Holocaust 226 ANTONY POLONSKY

The Founding of the All-Polish Anti-Racist League in 1946 243 WLADYSEAW BARTOSZEWSKI The Contexts of the So-Called Jewish Question in Poland after World War II 255 KRYSTYNA KERSTEN and JERZY SZAPIRO

Changing Identity among Younger Polish Jews in Sweden after 1968 269 JULIAN ILICKI NOTES

Problematizing the ‘Jewish Problem’ 281 IWONA IRWIN-ZARECKA Of Help, Understanding, and Hope: Righteous Rescuers and Polish Jews 296 NECHAMA TEC

JewsinJarmolince 311 , , STEFAN KIENIEWICZ PERSONAL VIEW Wormwood and Ashes (Do Poles and Jews Hate Each Other?) 313 ROMAN ZIMAND EXCHANGE Polemic as History: Shmuel Krakowski, The War of the Doomed: Jewish Armed Resistance in Poland, 1942-1944 354 STANISLAUS A. BLEJWAS

8 Table of Contents by Volume Response to Blejwas 363 ,

SHMUEL KRAKOWSKI

Reply to Krakowski 368 STANISLAUS A. BLEJWAS REVIEW ARTICLES

The Struggles for Poland 370 ANDRZEJ BRYK

theJews 390 ,

Unchanging View: Polish Jewry as Seen in Recent One-Volume Histories of GERSHON C. BACON

The Teaching of the History of the Jews in Secondary Schools in the Polish People’s

Republic, 1949-88 402 ANNA RADZIWIEEL

Works in Hebrew on the History of the Jews in Inter-War Poland 425 DAVID ENGEL

Ostjuden 434 PETER PULZER

On Zweig 438 SERGIUSZ MICHALSKI

Reading Ringelblum 442 TOMASZ GASOWSKI

Recent Publications on the Plight of the Jews in Occupied Poland 449 ADAM A. HETNAL

Resistance to Tyranny 457

M. R. D. FOOT ,

Nazi Social Policies 462 MICHAEL BURLEIGH History, Holocaust, and German National Identity 467 ALEXANDRA REICHE

ALookat the Last Jews of Poland 474 JACK KUGELMASS

REPORT Scholarly Conference: 500 Years of Jewish Settlement in Podlasie 482 ANNA IZYDORCZYK and EWA PANKIEWICZ

OBITUARY 495-8

Volume 5 9 VOLUME 5 (1990) ARTICLES

Art and Architecture Gora Kalwaria: The Impact of a Hasidic Cult on the Urban Landscape of a Small Polish

Town 3 ELEONORA BERGMAN

Jewish Districts in the Spatial Structure of Polish Towns 24 MARIA and KAZIMIERZ PIECHOTKA The Function of Synagogues in the PPR, 1988 40 ELEONORA BERGMAN and JAN JAGIELSKI Memory: The New Monuments Commemorating the Struggle and Martyrdom of the Jews of Warsaw 50 STANISLAW JANKOWSKI Polish Jews in Germany The Expulsion of Jews with Polish Citizenship from Bavariain 1923 57 JOZEF ADELSON Reichskristallnacht 9 November 1938 and the Ostjuden Perspective to the Nazi Search for a ‘Solution’ to the Jewish Question 74 JOHN P. FOX The Atrocities Against the Jews in the Third Reich as Seen by the Endecja,

1933-39 103 KAROL GRUNBERG

Zionism in Poland The Beginnings of the Zionist Movement in Congress Poland: The Victory of the Hasidim Over the Zionists? 114

JOSEPH GOLDSTEIN The Ideological Background to the Hehaluts Movement in Russia and Poland in the 1920s: Parallels and Divergences 131 ISRAEL OPPENHEIM

General , , Massacres_ 173 |

Jabotinsky andthe Poles 156

LAURENCE WEINBAUM

Yiddish Literature and Collective Memory: The Case of the Chmielnicki CHONE SHMERUK

10 Table of Contents by Volume The Omission of Jewish Topics in Mickiewicz Scholarship 184 JADWIGA MAURER

The Polish Interfaith Alliance 193 ARTUR EISENBACH The Reassessment of Haskalah Ideology in the Aftermath of the 1863 Polish

Revolt 221 MARK BAKER

Polish Socialism and the Jewish Question on the Eve of the Establishment of the Polish Socialist Party (PPS) and Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland (SDKP) 250

MOSHE MISHKINSKY |

A Voice from the Diaspora: Julian Stryjkowski 273 LAURA QUERCIOLI-MINCER

Poles and Poland in I. B. Singer’s Fiction 288 MONIKA ADAMCZYK-GARBOWSKA

EXCHANGE | Letter to the Editor of Polin, Oxford (Extracts) 303 JEDRZEJ GIERTYCH The Dmowski—Namier Feud: A Reply to Giertych 311 PAUL LATAWSKI

DOCUMENTS The ‘Przytyk Incidents’ of 9 March 1936 from Archival Documents 327 ADAM PENKALLA

NOTES International Symposium on the Bibliography of Polish Judaic Documents, Krakéw, 5-7 July 1988 360 KRZYSZTOF PILARCZYK The Conference ‘Studies on the History of the Jewish Inhabitance of Silesia’, Wroctaw, 10-11 July 1988 364 KRYSTYN MATWIJOWSKI

REVIEW ESSAYS ,

The History of Towns and Burghers in Pre-Partition Poland 366 TOMASZ POLANSKI

Volume 6 II Remarks on, and a Supplement to, the ‘Genealogical Sketches’ of Kazimierz

Reychman 372

ANDRZEJ S. CIECHANOWIECKI , German Photographic Documentation of Jewish Ghettosin Poland 385 | WLADYSEAW BARTOSZEWSKI

Four Jewish Memoirs from Occupied Poland 389 WLADYSELAW BARTOSZEWSKI

BOOK REVIEWS 394~-485

OBITUARY 493-7

VOLUME 6 (1991) ARTICLES

Jews in L6dZ, 1820-1939 | The Development of the City of L6dZ, 1820-1939 3 WIESEAW PUS The National Structure of the Population in L6dz in the Years 1820-1939 20 JULIAN K. JANCZAK The Role of the Jewish Community in the Organization of Urban Space inL6dzZ 27 STANISLAW LISZEWSKI The National Composition of L6dz Industrialists Before 1914 37 STEFAN PYTLAS Great Capitalist Fortunes in the Polish Lands Before 1939 (The Case of the Poznanski

Family) 57 KAZIMIERZ BADZIAK

The Jewish Community in the Political Life of L6dz in the Years 1865-1914 88 PAWEL SAMUS

The Emergence of the Yiddish Press in L6dZ, 1904-1918 105 LESZEK OLEJNIK Sources for the History of the Jewish Community in L6dz in the Years 1918-1939 119 JACEK WALICKI Aspects of Jewish Self-Government in L6dZ, 1914—1939 133 ROBERT MOSES SHAPIRO

12 Table of Contents by Volume The Jewish Electorate of Inter-War L6dZ in the Light of the Local Government Elections, 1918-1938 155

BARBARA WACHOWSKA

Jews in L6dz in 1931 According to Statistics 173 JERZY TOMASZEWSKI Between Coexistence and Hostility: A Contribution to the Problem of National

, Antagonisms in L.6dz in the Inter-War Period 201 JANUSZ WROBEL

References to Polish-Jewish Coexistence in the Memoirs of L6dz Workers: A

Linguistic Analysis 207 | MARIA KAMINSKA

The Yung Yiddish (Young Yiddish) Group and Jewish Modern Art in Poland,

1918-1923 223 JERZY MALINOWSKI

Yisroel Rabon and his Novel Di Gas (The Street) 231 CHONE SHMERUK

Tuwim ashe was 253 TAMARA KARREN

DOCUMENT

}.6dz Memories 262 YEHIEL YESHAIA TRUNK REVIEW ESSAYS

Shmuel Almog’s Zionism and History Jerusalem, 1982) 288 YOSEF SALMON Requiem for the Jewish People (Polish Literary Judaica in the Years 1987-1989) 295 NATAN GROSS

BOOK REVIEWS = 309-38

VOLUME 7 (1992) ARTICLES

General A Brief History of the Jews in Royal Prussia Before 1772 3 ZENON NOWAK

Volume 7 13 From the Ghetto to Modern Culture: The Autobiographies of Salomon Maimon and

Jakob Fromer 12

RITCHIE ROBERTSON |

Poland 31 .

Jan Czynski and the Question of Equality of Rights for All Religious Faiths in ADAM GALKOWSKI

Adam Mickiewicz’s ‘Forty and Four’, or the Dangers of Playing with Kabbalahs 57 JOANNA ROSTROPOWICZ CLARK

Gender Differentiation and Education of the Jewish Woman in Nineteenth-Century

Eastern Europe 63 SHAUL STAMPFER Vox Populi, Vox Dei: The Centrality of Peretz in Jewish Folkloristics 88 MARK W. KIEL

The Linas Hatsedek Charitable Fraternity in Bialystok, 1885-1939 121 TOMASZ WISNIEWSKI The Jewish Press in Krakow, 1918-1939 133 CZESEAW BRZOZA

Ritual Slaughter as a PoliticalIssue 147 SZYMON RUDNICKI Britain and the Jewish Exodus from Poland Following the Second World War 161 ARIEL JOSEPH KOCHAVI Henryk Grynberg Calls Poland to Account 176 JOZEF WROBEL Life in Nazi-Occupied Warsaw

Three Ghetto Sketches 192 JAN MAREK GRONSKI

My Recollections of the Deportation of Janusz Korczak 219 MAREK RUDNICKI The Death of Adam Czerniak6éw and Janusz Korczak’s LastJourney 224 JERZY LEWINSKI

Sister Wanda 253 ANNA CLARKE

NOTES The Activities of the Democratic Societies and Democratic Party in Defending Jewish Rights in Poland on the Eve of Hitler’s Invasion 260 AHARON WEISS

14 Table of Contents by Volume Documents Dealing with the History of Jews in Galicia in Lwow Archives 268 DORA KATZNELSON

REVIEW ARTICLES The Literary Afterlife of Polish Jewry 273 ZYGMUNT BAUMAN Jewish Themes in The Beautiful Mrs Seidenman by Andrzej Szczypiorski 300 LAURA QUERCIOLI About the ‘Jews in Poland’ Exhibition in Krakéw, June—October 1989 313 ALEKSANDER ZYGA

VOLUME 8 (1994) Jews in Independent Poland, 1918-1939 Edited by

ANTONY POLONSKY, EZRA MENDELSOHN, and JERZY TOMASZEWSKI

Introduction xv—xxi

ANTONY POLONSKY , ARTICLES Jews in Independent Poland, 1918-1939

Jewish Historiography on Polish Jewry in the Inter-War Period 3 , EZRA MENDELSSOHN

Britain, a British Jew, and Jewish Relations with the New Poland: The Making of the Polish Minorities Treaty of 1919 14 MARK LEVENE

The Social Consciousness of Young Jews in Inter-War Poland 42 ALINA CALA

Polish—Jewish Relations as Reflected in Memoirs of the Inter-War Period 66

SZYJA BRONSZTEJN

Shtetl Communities: Another Image 89 ANNAMARIA ORLA-BUKOWSKA

The Civil Rights of Jews in Poland, 1918-1939 115 JERZY TOMASZEWSKI The Jewish Question in Polish Religious Periodicals in the Second Republic: The Case of the Przeglqd katolicki 129 FRANCISZEK ADAMSKI

Volume & | 15 The Image of the Jew in the Catholic Press During the Second Republic 146 ANNA LANDAU-CZAJKA The Jewish Press in the Political Life of the Second Republic 176 ANDRZEJ PACZKOWSKI

Polish Political Parties and Antisemitism 194 , JERZY HOLZER

The Polish Kehillah Elections of 1936: A Revolution Re-examined 206 ROBERT MOSES SHAPIRO

Jewish Artisans 227 ZBIGNIEW LANDAU some Aspects of the Life of the Jewish Proletariat in Poland During the Inter-War

Period 238

B. GARNCARSKA-KADARY

The Expulsion of Polish Jews from the Third Reich in 1938 255 KAROL JONCA The Jewish Boycott Campaign Against Nazi Germany and its Culmination in the

Halbersztadt Trial 282

ALFRED WISLICKI , What Shall We Tell Miriam? A Tale for the Present 290 RAFAEL F. SCHARE

Poyln: Land of Sages and Tsadikim 299 YEHIEL YESHAIA TRUNK REVIEW ESSAYS Why Did Assimilation Fail in the Kingdom of Poland Between 1864 and 18972 325 STANISLAUS A. BLEJWAS

In the Shadow of the Facts 330 DARIUSZ STOLA Readings and Misreadings: A Reply to Dariusz Stola 345 DAVID ENGEL

BOOK REVIEWS 382-417 | OBITUARIES 421-30

16 Table of Contents by Volume VOLUME 9g (1996) Poles, Jews, Socialists: The Failure of an Ideal Edited by

ANTONY POLONSKY, ISRAEL BARTAL, GERSHON HUNDERT, MAGDALENA OPALSKI, and JERZY TOMASZEWSKI

Introduction xvii-xxi ~ ANTONY POLONSKY

ARTICLES Jews, Poles, Socialists: The Failure of an Ideal

Jewish Socialists in the Kingdom of Poland 3 ALINA CAEA

The Jewish Problem in Polish Socialist Thought 14 MICHAE SLIWA The Relation of the Polish Socialist Party Proletariat to the Bund and the Jewish

Question, 1900-1906 32

JANUSZ SUJECKI | The Jews, the Left, and the State Duma Elections in Warsaw in 1912:

Selected Sources 45 TRANSLATED BY STEPHEN D. CORRSIN Jews and the Russian Revolution: A Note 55 RICHARD PIPES

The Bund in Poland, 1935-1939 58 DANIEL BLATMAN

L6dz Remained Red: Elections to the City Council of 27 September 1936 83 BARBARA WACHOWSKA

The Jews of Vilna under Soviet Rule, 19 September—28 October 1939 107 DOV LEVIN

The Polish Underground and the Extermination ofthe Jews 138 SHMUEL KRAKOWSKI

The Jewish Underground and the Polish Underground 148 TERESA PREKEROWA

The Pogrom in Kielce on 4 July 1946 158 STANISLAW MEDUCKI

Antisemitism in Polandin 1956 170 PAWEE MACHCEWICZ

| | Volume ro 17 NEW VIEWS Dov of Bolechoéw: A Diarist of the Council of Four Lands in the Eighteenth

Century 187 ISRAEL BARTAL

A Peaceable Community at Work: The Chevrah of Nasielsk 192 ROSS KESSEL Zionist Pioneering Youth Movements in Poland and their Attitude to Erets Israel During the Holocaust 195 DINA PORAT Resistance through Education: Polish Zionist Youth Movements in Warsaw,

1939-1941 212

ERICA NADELHAFT The Second Competition of Scholarly Works on Polish Jewish Themes 232 ALINA CAEA

REVIEW ESSAYS

History, Drama, and Healing: On the Television Play Ai B, by HarveySarner 247 DAVID ENGEL

Inside, Outside: Interpreting Jewish Difference 255 SYLVIA BARACK FISHMAN

BOOK REVIEWS _ 271-304

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF POLISH-JEWISH STUDIES, 1993 305-18

VOLUME 10 (1997) Jews in Early Modern Poland Edited by

GERSHON DAVID HUNDERT Towards a Polish-Jewish Dialogue: The Way Forward xvii-xxvi

KRZYSZTOF SLIWINSKI ,

Introduction xxxi-xxxiv GERSHON DAVID HUNDERT

ARTICLES Jews in Early Modern Poland

Jewish Marriage in Eighteenth-Century Poland 3 JACOB GOLDBERG

18 Table of Contents by Volume ‘For the Human Soul is the Lamp of the Lord’: The Tkhine for ‘Laying Wicks’ by Sarah

basTovim 40 CHAVA WEISSLER

The Ban on Polygamy in Polish Rabbinic Thought 66 ELIMELECH WESTREICH

Book 85 |

The Ashkenazi Elite at the Beginning of the Modern Era: Manuscript versus Printed ELCHANAN REINER

The Accusation of Ritual Murder in Poland, 1500-1800 99 ZENON GULDON and JACEK WIJACZKA Jewish Art and Architecture in the East European Context: The Gwozdziec-Chodor6w Group of Wooden Synagogues 141 THOMAS C. HUBKA In Praise of the Ba’al Shem Tov: A User’s Guide to the Editions of

Shivhei habesht 183 MOSHE ROSMAN

Knowledge of Foreign Languages among Eighteenth-Century Polish Jews 200 DANIEL STONE NEW VIEWS

Walls and Frontiers: Polish Cinema’s Portrayal of Polish-Jewish Relations 221 PAUL COATES ‘That Incredible History of the Polish Bund Written in a Soviet Prison’: The NKVD Files on Henryk Erlich and Wiktor Alter 247 GERTRUD PICKHAN

Mayufes: A Window on Polish-Jewish Relations 273 CHONE SHMERUK On the History of the Jews in Twelfth- and Thirteenth-Century Poland 287 ISRAEL M. TA-SHMA REVIEW ESSAYS

On Eisenbach on Emancipation 321 TOMASZ GASOWSKI

A Reply to Tomasz Gasowski 326 ARTUR EISENBACH Two Books on Isaac Bashevis Singer 333 CHONE SHMERUK

Volume 11 19 On Auschwitz 339 NECHAMA TEC

BOOK REVIEWS 344-413

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF POLISH-JEWISH STUDIES, 1994 415-34

VOLUME II (1998) Focusing on Aspects and Experiences of Religion Edited by

ANTONY POLONSKY

Introduction xvii-xxi

ANTONY POLONSKY |

ARTICLES

On Religion: Aspects and Experiences , Hasidic Yeshivotin Inter-War Poland 3 SHAUL STAMPFER

Tobacco and the Hasidim 25 , LOUIS JACOBS ‘A Thread of Blue’: R. Gershon Henoch Leiner of Radzyn and his Search for Continuity

in Response to Modernity 31 SHAUL MAGID The Tarler Rebbe of L6dz and his Medical Practice: Towards a History of Hasidic Life

in Pre-First World War Poland 53 IRA ROBINSON

Aaron Menachem Mendel Guterman, the RebbeofRadzymin 62

HARRY RABINOWICZ | A Pilgrimage from Bobowa to Bobowa_ ‘66 ADAM BARTOSZ On the Brink of Disaster: Hillel Zeitlin’s Struggle for Jewish Survival in Poland 77 SHRAGA BAR SELLA

Alafrom the Primer 94 ALINA MARGOLIS-EDELMAN The Congregation of the Great Synagogue in Warsaw: Its Changing Social Composition and Ideological Affiliations 112 ALEXANDER GUTERMAN

20 Table of Contents by Volume The ‘Progressive Synagogue’ in Lw6w_ 127 JULIAN BUSSGANG

The Synagogues of L6dz 154 KRZYSZTOF STEFANSKI

NEW VIEWS , Conspiracy Theories and the Reception of The Protocols of the Elders of Zionin

Poland 171 JANUSZ TAZBIR Polish Influences on British Policy Regarding Jewish Rescue Efforts in Poland,

1939-1945 183 BERNARD WASSERSTEIN The Concerns of an Immigrant Rabbi: The Life and Sermons of Moshe Shimon

Sivitz 192

KIMMY CAPLAN | Trunk’s Poyln: Its Place in Jewish Polish History 216 ANNA CLARKE

Jewish-Ukrainian Relations in Inter-War Poland as Reflected in Some Ukrainian

Publications 232 SHIMON REDLICH Jewish Martyrdom in the Work of Adolf Rudnicki 247 JOZEF WROBEL

Two World Wats 263 ,

The Jewish Question in Poland: Views Expressed in the Catholic Press Between the ANNA LANDAU-CZAJKA

REVIEW ESSAYS History, Experience and Democracy. Istvan Bib6 Revisited: The Jewish Question after 1944—Fifty Years Later 281 ROBERT BRAUN

The Realm of Shadows: Recent Writing on the Holocaust 296 MICHAEL BURLEIGH Polish History through the Eyes of Three Jewish Popular Historians 312 JERZY TOMASZEWSKI A New Account of the ‘March Events’ 319

JOZEF LEWANDOWSKI ,

BOOK REVIEWS = _ 327-80 |

Volume 12 21

NOTES : OBITUARY 381-4

The Third Competition of Scholarly Works on Polish Jewish and IsraeliThemes 385 ALINA CALA

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF POLISH-JEWISH STUDIES, 1995 393-412

VOLUME 12 (1999) Focusing on Galicia: Jews, Poles, and Ukrainians, 1772-1918 Edited by

ISRAEL BARTAL and ANTONY POLONSKY ARTICLES Galicia: Jews, Poles, and Ukrainians, 1772-1918

Introduction: The Jews in Galicia under the Habsburgs 3 ISRAEL BARTAL and ANTONY POLONSKY

Dimensions ofa Triangle: Polish-Ukrainian-Jewish Relationships in Austrian

Galicia 25 JOHN-PAUL HIMKA Austrian First Impressions of Ethnic Relations in Galicia: The Case of Governor Anton

von Pergen 49 FRANZ A. J. SZABO The Jewish Question in Galicia: The Reforms of Maria Theresa and Joseph II,

1772-1790 61

STANISLAW GRODZISKI | | Ludwik Gumplowicz’s Programme for the Improvement of the Jewish Situation 73 HANNA KOZINSKA-WITT Enlightenment, Assimilation, and Modern Identity: The Jewish Elite in Galicia 79 JERZY HOLZER The Consequences of Galician Autonomy after 1867 86 JOZEF BUSZKO Politics, Religion, and National Identity: The Galician Jewish Vote in the 1873

Parliamentary Elections 100 RACHEL MANEKIN

From Austeria to the Manor: Jewish Landowners in Autonomous Galicia 120 TOMASZ GASOWSKI

22 Table of Contents by Volume A Ukrainian Answer to the Galician Ethnic Triangle: The Case ofIvan Franko 137 YAROSLAV HRYTSAK

Galician Jewish Migration to Vienna 147 KLAUS HODL Yiddish as an Expression of the Jewish Cultural Identity in Galiciaand Vienna 164 GABRIELE KOHLBAUER-FRITZ NEW VIEWS Bernard Singer: The Forgotten ‘Most Popular Jewish Reporter of the Inter-War Years

inPoland’ 179 JANINA ROGOZIK Johann Anton Krieger, Printer of Jewish Books in Nowy Dwor_ 198 EMANUEL RINGELBLUM The Alphabetical List of Payers of the Communal Tax in Warsaw for 1912 212 JOANNA HENSEL-LIWSZICOWA ‘The City of Illiterates’? Levels of Literacy among Poles and Jews in Warsaw,

1882-1914 221 STEPHEN D. CORRSIN Poles, Jews, and Russians, 1863-1914: The Death of the Ideal of Assimilation in the

Kingdom of Poland 242

THEODORE R. WEEKS Kazimierz Kelles-Krauz (1872-1905): A Polish Socialist for Jewish Nationality 257 TIMOTHY SNYDER

The Endecja and the Jewish Question 271 ROMAN WAPINSKI The Return of the Troublesome Bird: Jerzy Kosinski and Polish—Jewish Relations 284 MONIKA ADAMCZYK-GARBOWSKA REVIEW ESSAYS

‘The Historical Besht’: Reconstruction or Deconstruction? 297 IMMANUEL ETKES Four Days in Atlantis: J6zef Lewandowski’s Complex Vision of the Polish Jewish

Past 307 JANUSZ KOREK

On the Bowdlerization of a Holocaust Testimony: The Wartime Journal of Calek

Perechodnik 316 DAVID ENGEL

From Shtetl to Socialism 23

Judaica in Slovakia 330 | ADAM BARTOSZ BOOK REVIEWS —= 337-67

OBITUARY 369-73

From Shtetl to Socialism: Studies from Polin (1993) Edited by

ANTONY POLONSKY

Introduction xiii-xxxiii ANTONY POLONSKY

ARTICLES | Pre-Partition Poland (to 1795) The Reconstruction of Pre-Ashkenazic Jewish Settlements in the Slavic Lands in the Light of Linguistic Sources 3 PAUL WEXLER

Some Basic Characteristics of the Jewish Experience in Poland 19 GERSHON DAVID HUNDERT

Images of the Jew in the Polish Commonwealth 26 JANUSZ TAZBIR A Minority Views the Majority: Jewish Attitudes Towards the Polish-Lithuanian

Commonwealth and Interaction with Poles 39 M. J. ROSMAN The Changes in the Attitude of Polish Society Toward the Jews in the Eighteenth

Century 50 JACOB GOLDBERG

A Mobile Class. The Subjective Element in the Social Perception of Jews: The Example

of Eighteenth-Century Poland 64 ANNA ZUK

The Nineteenth Century The Jews of Warsaw, Polish Society, and the Partitioning Powers, 1795-1861 83 STEFAN KIENIEWICZ The Jewish Community in the Political Life of L6dz in the Years 1865-1914 103 PAWEL SAMUS

24 Table of Contents by Volume Aspects of the History of Warsaw as a Yiddish Literary Centre 120 CHONE SHMERUK Non-Jews and Gentile Society in East European Hebrew and Yiddish Literature

1856-1914 134 ,

ISRAEL BARTAL

Trends in the Literary Perception of Jews in Modern Polish Fiction 151 MAGDALENA OPALSKI

Enlightenment 168 ,

Eros and Enlightenment: Love Against Marriage in the East European Jewish DAVID BIALE

Gender Differentiation and Education of the Jewish Woman in Nineteenth-Century

Eastern Europe 187 SHAUL STAMPFER

Polish Synagogues in the Nineteenth Century 212 MARIA and KAZIMIERZ PIECHOTKA Between the Two World Wars

Ethnic Diversity in Twentieth-Century Poland 235 NORMAN DAVIES

Some Methodological Problems of the Study of Jewish History in Poland Between the Two World Wars 251 JERZY TOMASZEWSKI

Lucien Wolf and the Making of Poland: Paris, 1919 264 EUGENE C. BLACK Aspects of Jewish Self-Government in L6dz, 1914-1939 296 ROBERT MOSES SHAPIRO

The Image of the Shtetlin Polish Literature 318 EUGENIA PROKOPOWNA

MICHAEL C. STEINLAUF |

The Polish Jewish Daily Press 332

From ‘Numerus Clausus’ to ‘Numerus Nullus’ 359

SZYMON RUDNICKI , The Second World War

Jews and Poles under Soviet Occupation, 1939-1941: Conflicting Interests 385 PAWEL KORZEC and JEAN-CHARLES SZUREK

The Western Allies and the Holocaust 407 DAVID ENGEL

| From Shtetl to Socialism 25 The Conditions of Admittance and the Social Background of Jewish Children Saved by Women’s Religious Orders in Poland, 1939-1945 423 EWA KUREK-LESIK

After 1945 | The Contexts of the So-Called Jewish Question in Poland after World WarII 457 KRYSTYNA KERSTEN and JERZY SZAPIRO Is There a Jewish School of Polish Literature? 471

, JAN BLONSKI A Voice from the Diaspora: Julian Stryjkowski 487 LAURA QUERCIOLI-MINCER

Poles and Poland in I. B. Singer’s Fiction 502 MONIKA ADAMCZYK-GARBOWSKA

BLANK PAGE |

Chronological ‘Table of Contents Articles from volumes 1-12 of Polinand From Shtetl to Socialism (FSS) sorted into five groups according to period discussed, plus a sixth group for the non-period-specific.

FROM THE EARLIEST JEWISH SETTLEMENT TO 1795 The Reconstruction of Pre-Ashkenazic Jewish Settlements in the Slavic Lands in the Light of Linguistic Sources 1:3-18 FSs3-18 PAUL WEXLER

Jewish Perceptions of Insecurity and Powerlessness in Sixteenth- to Eighteenth-Century Poland 1: 19-27 M. J. ROSMAN Some Basic Characteristics of the Jewish Experience in Poland 1: 28-34 Fss 19-25 GERSHON DAVID HUNDERT The Changes in the Attitude of Polish Society Toward the Jews in the Eighteenth Century 1:35-48 FSS 50-63 JACOB GOLDBERG Eros and Enlightenment: Love Against Marriage in the East European Jewish

Enlightenment 1: 49-67 DAVID BIALE The Basic Privileges of the Jews of Great Poland as Reflected in Polish

Historiography 2:117-49 SHMUEL A CYGIELMAN

A Mobile Class. The Subjective Element in the Social Perception of Jews: The Example of Eighteenth-Century Poland 2: 163-78 Fss 64-79 ANNA ZUK

The Jewish Population in Warsaw at the Turn of the Eighteenth Century 3: 46-77 ARTUR EISENBACH ‘The Jews have killed a tailor’: The Socio-Political Background of a Pogrom in Warsaw

in 1790 3:78-101 KRYSTYNA ZIENKOWSKA

Khazarian Hebrew Documents of the Tenth Century 3:335-42

| ANDRZEJ POPPE | Images of the Jew in the Polish Commonwealth 4: 18-30 FSs 26-38 JANUSZ TAZBIR

28 Chronological Table of Contents A Minority Views the Majority: Jewish Attitudes Towards the Polish—-Lithuanian

Commonwealth and Interaction with Poles 4:31-41 Fss 39-49 M. J. ROSMAN Yiddish ‘Historical’ Songs as Sources for the History of the Jews in Pre-Partition

Poland 4: 42-52 CHAVA TURNIANSKY

Jewish Districts in the Spatial Structure of Polish Towns 5: 24-39 MARIA and KAZIMIERZ PIECHOTKA The History of Towns and Burghers in Pre-Partition Poland 5:366-71 TOMASZ POLANSKI A Brief History of the Jews in Royal Prussia Before 1772 7:3-11 ZENON NOWAK Dov of Bolechéw: A Diarist of the Council of Four Lands in the Eighteenth

Century 9:187-91 ISRAEL BARTAL

A Peaceable Community at Work: The Chevrah of Nasielsk 9: 192-4 ROSS KESSEL

Jewish Marriage in Eighteenth-Century Poland 10: 3-39 JACOB GOLDBERG ‘For the Human Soul is the Lamp of the Lord’: The Tkhine for ‘Laying Wicks’ by Sarah bas Tovim 10: 40-65 CHAVA WEISSLER

The Ban on Polygamy in Polish Rabbinic Thought 10: 66-84 ELIMELECH WESTREICH The Ashkenazi Elite at the Beginning of the Modern Era: Manuscript versus Printed Book 10: 85-98 ELCHANAN REINER The Accusation of Ritual Murder in Poland, 1500-1800 10: 99-140 ZENON GULDON and JACEK WIJACZKA

Jewish Art and Architecture in the East European Context: The Gwozdziec-Chodor6w Group of Wooden Synagogues 10: 141-82 THOMAS C. HUBKA In Praise of the Ba’al Shem Tov: A User’s Guide to the Editions of Shivhei habesht 10: 183-99 MOSHE ROSMAN

Knowledge of Foreign Languages among Eighteenth-Century Polish Jews 10: 200-18 DANIEL STONE

1795— 1915 29 On the History of the Jews in Twelfth- and Thirteenth-Century Poland 10: 287-317 ISRAEL M. TA-SHMA Johann Anton Krieger, Printer of Jewish Books in Nowy Dwor 12: 198-211 EMANUEL RINGELBLUM

‘The Historical Besht’: Reconstruction or Deconstruction? 12:297-306 IMMANUEL ETKES

FROM 1795 TO 1918 Eros and Enlightenment: Love Against Marriage in the East European Jewish Enlightenment 1:49-67 FSS 168-86 DAVID BIALE

Polish-Jewish Relations and the January Uprising: The Polish Perspective 1: 68-80

MAGDALENA OPALSKI

Loyalty to the Crown or Polish Patriotism? The Metamorphoses of an Anti-Polish Story of the 1863 Insurrection 1:81-95 ISRAEL BARTAL The Polish Revolt of 1863 and the Birth of Russification: Bad for the Jews? 1: 96-110

JOHN D. KLIER A Turning-Point in the History of Polish Socialism and its Attitude Towards the Jewish

Question 1:111-29 MOSHE MISHKINSKY The Question of the Assimilation of Jews in the Polish Kingdom, 1846-1897 1: 130-50 ALINA CALA The Secular Appropriation of Hasidism by an East European Jewish Intellectual: Dubnow, Renan, and the Besht 1: 151-62 ROBERT M. SELTZER

The Decline of the Polish-Lithuanian Kahal 2: 150-62 ELI LEDERHENDLER Polish Synagogues in the Nineteenth Century 2:179-98 FSS 212-31 MARIA and KAZIMIERZ PIECHOTKA The Image of the Jew in Polish Narrative Prose of the Romantic Period 2: 199-218 MIECZYSEAW INGLOT The Undefined Town Within a Town: A History of Jewish Settlement in the Western Districts of Warsaw 3:17-45

PETER J. MARTYN |

30 Chronological Table of Contents The Jews of Warsaw, Polish Society, and the Partitioning Powers, 1795-1861 3:102-21 Fss 83-102 STEFAN KIENIEWICZ Aspects of Population Change and of Acculturation in Jewish Warsaw at the End of the Nineteenth Century: The Censuses of 1882 and 1897 3:122-41 STEPHEN D. CORRSIN

Aspects of the History of Warsaw as a Yiddish Literary Centre 3: 142-55 FSs 120-33 CHONE SHMERUK

Jewish Warsaw Before the First World War 3: 156-87 , PIOTR WROBEL

The Socio-Cultural Integration of the Jewish Population in the Province of Radom, 1815-1862 3:214-37 ADAM PENKALLA

The Polish Borderlands and Nationality Problems 3: 343-7 HENRY ROLLET Non-Jews and Gentile Society in East European Hebrew and Yiddish Literature, 1856-1914 4:53-69 FSS 134-50 ISRAEL BARTAL Trends in the Literary Perception of Jews in Modern Polish Fiction 4:70-86 FSS 151-67 MAGDALENA OPALSKI Antisemitic Literature in Poland Before the First World War 4: 87-97 FRANK GOLCZEWSKI Mr Geldhab and Sambo in Peyes: Images of the Jew on the Polish Stage,

, 1863-1905 4:98-127 MICHAEL C. STEINLAUF Ethnic Diversity in Twentieth-Century Poland 4: 143-58 FSs 235-50 NORMAN DAVIES

JewsinJarmolince 4:311-12 STEFAN KIENIEWICZ

Ostjuden 4: 434-7 PETER PULZER On Zweig 4:438-41 SERGIUSZ MICHALSKI Gora Kalwaria: The Impact of a Hasidic Cult on the Urban Landscape ofa Small Polish Town = 5:3-23 ELEONORA BERGMAN

1795-1918 31 The Beginnings of the Zionist Movement in Congress Poland: The Victory of the Hasidim over the Zionists? 5: 114-30

JOSEPH GOLDSTEIN The Polish Interfaith Alliance 5: 193-220

ARTUR EISENBACH |

The Reassessment of Haskalah Ideology in the Aftermath of the 1863 Polish

Revolt 5:221-49 MARK BAKER

Polish Socialism and the Jewish Question on the Eve of the Establishment of the Polish Socialist Party (PPS) and Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland (SDKP) 5: 250-72 MOSHE MISHKINSKY

Letter to the Editor of Polin, Oxford (Extracts) 5:303-10

JEDRZEJ GIERTYCH |

The Dmowski-Namier Feud: A Reply to Giertych 5:311-26 PAUL LATAWSKI Remarks on, and a Supplement to, the ‘Genealogical Sketches’ of Kazimierz Reychman 5: 372-84 ANDRZEJ S. CIECHANOWIECKI The Development of the City of L6dZ, 1820-1939 6: 3-19

WIESEAW PUS |

The National Structure of the Population in £6dzZ in the Years 1820-1939 6: 20-6 JULIAN K. JANCZAK The Role of the Jewish Community in the Organization of Urban Space in }6dzZ 6:27-36 STANISLAW LISZEWSKI

STEFAN PYTLAS |

The National Composition of L6dz Industrialists Before 1914 6:37-56

Family) 6:57-87 ,

Great Capitalist Fortunes in the Polish Lands Before 1939 (The Case of the Poznaniski

| KAZIMIERZ BADZIAK

The Jewish Community in the Political Life of Lodz in the Years 1865-1914 6: 88-104 FSS 103-19

PAWEE SAMUS

The Emergence of the Yiddish Press in L6dZ, 1904-1918 6: 105-18 LESZEK OLEJNIK

Shmuel Almog’s Zionism and History Jerusalem, 1982) 6: 288-94 YOSEF SALMON

32 Chronological Table of Contents From the Ghetto to Modern Culture: The Autobiographies of Salomon Maimon and Jakob Fromer 7: 12-30 RITCHIE ROBERTSON Jan Czynski and the Question of Equality of Rights for All Religious Faiths in

Poland 7:31-56 ,

ADAM GAEKOWSKI

Adam Mickiewicz’s ‘Forty and Four’, or the Dangers of Playing with

Kabbalahs 7:57-62 JOANNA ROSTROPOWICZ CLARK

Gender Differentiation and Education of the Jewish Woman in Nineteenth-Century Eastern Europe 7:63-87 FSS 187-211 SHAUL STAMPFER Vox Populi, Vox Dei: The Centrality of Peretz in Jewish Folkloristics 7:88-120 MARK W. KIEL

The Linas Hatsedek Charitable Fraternity in Biatystok, 1885-1939 7: 121-32 TOMASZ WISNIEWSKI Why Did Assimilation Fail in the Kingdom of Poland Between 1864 and 1897? 8: 325-9

STANISLAUS A. BLEJWAS |

Jewish Socialists in the Kingdom of Poland 9:3-13 | ALINA CAEA

The Jewish Problem in Polish Socialist Thought 9: 14-31 MICHAE SLIWA The Relation of the Polish Socialist Party Proletariat to the Bund and the Jewish Question, 1900-1906 9:32-44 JANUSZ SUJECKI The Jews, the Left, and the State Duma Elections in Warsaw in 1912: Selected Sources 9: 45-54 TRANSLATED BY STEPHEN D. CORRSIN

Jews and the Revolution: A Note 9: 55-7 RICHARD PIPES

- Tobacco and the Hasidim 11: 25-30 LOUIS JACOBS ‘A Thread of Blue’: R. Gershon Henoch Leiner of Radzyn and his Search for Continuity

in Response to Modernity 11:31-52 | SHAUL MAGID

The Tarler Rebbe of £6dz and his Medical Practice: Towards a History of Hasidic Life in Pre-First World War Poland 11:53-61 IRA ROBINSON

1795-1918 33 Aaron Menachem Mendel Guterman, the RebbeofRadzymin 11:62-5 HARRY RABINOWICZ

A Pilgrimage from Bobowa to Bobowa 11: 66-76 ADAM BARTOSZ The Congregation of the Great Synagogue in Warsaw: Its Changing Social Composition and Ideological Affiliations 11: 112-26 ALEXANDER GUTERMAN The ‘Progressive Synagogue’ in Lw6w 11: 127-53 JULIAN BUSSGANG The Synagogues of L6dzZ 11: 154-67 KRZYSZTOF STEFANSKI

The Concerns of an Immigrant Rabbi: The Life and Sermons of Moshe Shimon Sivitz 11:192-215

KIMMY CAPLAN ,

Introduction: The Jews of Galicia under the Habsburgs 12: 3-24 ISRAEL BARTAL and ANTONY POLONSKY Dimensions of a Triangle: Polish-Ukrainian—Jewish Relationships in Austrian Galicia 12:25—48

JOHN-PAUL HIMKA Austrian First Impressions of Ethnic Relations in Galicia: The Case of Governor Anton von Pergen 12: 49-60 FRANZ SZABO The Jewish Question in Galicia: The Reforms of Maria Theresa and Joseph II, 1772-1790 = 12:61-72

STANISLAW GRODZISKI , Ludwik Gumplowicz’s Programme for the Improvement of the Jewish Situation 12: 73-8 HANNA KOZINSKA-WITT Enlightenment, Assimilation, and Modern Identity: The Jewish Elite in Galicia 12:79-85 JERZY HOLZER The Consequences of Galician Autonomy after 1867 12: 86-99 JOZEF BUSZKO Politics, Religion, and National Identity: The Galician Jewish Vote in the 1873 Parliamentary Elections 12: 100-19 RACHEL MANEKIN

34 Chronological Table of Contents From Austeria to the Manor: Jewish Landowners in Autonomous Galicia 12: 120-36 TOMASZ GASOWSKI

A Ukrainian Answer to the Galician Ethnic Triangle: The Case of Ivan

Franko 12:137-46 YAROSLAV HRYTSAK

Galician Jewish Migration to Vienna 12: 147-63 KLAUS HODL Yiddish as an Expression of the Jewish Cultural Identity in Galicia and Vienna 12: 164-76 GABRIELE KOHLBAUER-FRITZ The Alphabetical List of Payers of the Communal Tax in Warsaw for 1912 12:212-20 JOANNA HENSEL-LIWSZICOWA ‘The City of Illiterates’? Levels of Literacy among Poles and Jews in Warsaw, 1882-1914 12:221-41

STEPHEN D. CORRSIN Poles, Jews, and Russians, 1863-1914: The Death of the Ideal of Assimilation in the Kingdom of Poland 12: 242-56 THEODORE R. WEEKS Kazimierz Kelles-Krauz (1872-1905): A Polish Socialist for Jewish

Nationality 12:257-70 TIMOTHY SNYDER

The Endecja and the Jewish Question 12: 271-83 ROMAN WAPINSKI

FROM 1918 TO 1939 Some Methodological Problems of the Study of Jewish History in Poland Between the Two World Wars _ 1: 163-75 FSS 251-63

JERZY TOMASZEWSKI

Jews and Poles in Yiddish Literature in Poland Between the Two World Wars = 1:176-95 CHONE SHMERUK

Pinsk, Saturday5 April1919 1:227-51 | JERZY TOMASZEWSKI

The Jewish Community of the Second Republic in Polish Historiography of the 1980s_ 1:288-99 ANDRZEJ CHOJNOWSKI Lucien Wolf and the Making of Poland: Paris, 1919 2:5-36 FSS 264-95 EUGENE C. BLACK

1915—1939 35 The Dmowski—Namier Feud, 1915-1918 2:37-49 PAUL LATAWSKI

History and Myth: Pinsk, April1919 2:50-72 JOZEF LEWANDOWSKI Polish Diplomacy and the American Jewish Community Between the

Wars 2:73-94 DANIEL STONE

: Dmowski, Paderewski, and American Jews (A Documentary Compilation) 2: 95-116

GEORGE J. LERSKI ,

The Polish Jewish Daily Press 2: 219-45 FSS 332-58 MICHAEL C. STEINLAUF

From ‘Numerus Clausus’ to ‘Numerus Nullus’ 2: 246-68 FSS 359-81 SZYMON RUDNICKI Vladimir Jabotinsky’s Talks with Representatives of the Polish Government 3: 276-93 JERZY TOMASZEWSKI Some Observations on the Situation of the Jewish Minority in Poland during the Years

1918-1939 3:302-8 JACEK M. MAJCHROWSKI

Response to Majchrowski 3:309-13 EZRA MENDELSOHN

The Polish Borderlands and Nationality Problems 3: 343-7 HENRY ROLLET Ethnic Diversity in Twentieth-Century Poland 4: 143-58 FSS 235-50 NORMAN DAVIES The Jewish Question in the Work of the Instytut Badan Spraw Narodowosciowych 4: 159-68 ANDRZEJ CHOJNOWSKI The Ubiquitous Enemy: The Jew in the Political Thought of Radical Right-Wing Nationalists in Poland, 1929-1939 4: 169-203 ANNA LANDAU-CZAJKA Works in Hebrew on the History of the Jews in Inter-War Poland 4: 425-33 DAVID ENGEL

Ostjuden 4:434-7 PETER PULZER On Zweig 4:438-41 SERGIUSZ MICHALSKI

36 Chronological Table of Contents The Expulsion of Jews with Polish Citizenship from Bavariain 1923 5:57-73 JOZEF ADELSON Reichskristallnacht 9 November 1938 and the Ostjuden Perspective to the Nazi Search for a ‘Solution’ to the Jewish Question 5: 74-102 JOHN P. FOX The Atrocities Against the Jews in the Third Reich as Seen by the Endecja (1933-39) 5: 103-13 KAROL GRUNBERG

The Ideological Background to the Hehaluts Movement in Russia and Poland in the 1920s: Parallels and Divergences 5: 131-55 ISRAEL OPPENHEIM Jabotinsky and the Poles 5: 156-72 LAURENCE WEINBAUM The ‘Przytyk Incidents’ of 9 March 1936 from Archival Documents _ 5: 327-59 ADAM PENKALLA

Remarks on, and a Supplement to, the ‘Genealogical Sketches’ of Kazimierz Reychman 5:372-84 ANDRZEJ S. CIECHANOWIECKI

The Development of the City of L6dZ, 1820-1939 6:3-19 WIESLAW PUS The National Structure of the Population in L6dzZ in the Years 1820-1939 6: 20-6 JULIAN K. JANCZAK The Role of the Jewish Community in the Organization of Urban Space in }OdZ 6: 27-36

, STANISLAW LISZEWSKI Great Capitalist Fortunes in the Polish Lands Before 1939 (The Case of the Poznaniski

Family) 6:57-87 KAZIMIERZ BADZIAK

Sources for the History of the Jewish Community in £6dz in the Years | 1918-1939 6:119-32 JACEK WALICKI Aspects of Jewish Self-Government in L6dZ, 1914-1939 6: 133-54 FSs 296-317 ROBERT MOSES SHAPIRO

The Jewish Electorate of Inter-War Lodz in the Light of the Local Government Elections, 1918-1938 6: 155-72 BARBARA WACHOWSKA

1915-1939 37 Jews in L6dz in 1931 According to Statistics 6: 173-200 JERZY TOMASZEWSKI

Between Coexistence and Hostility: A Contribution to the Problem of National Antagonisms in }6dz in the Inter-War Period 6: 201-6 JANUSZ WROBEL References to Polish—Jewish Coexistence in the Memoirs of L6dz Workers: A Linguistic Analysis 6: 207-22 MARIA KAMINSKA

1918-1923 6:223-30 ]

The Yung Yiddish (Young Yiddish) Group and Jewish Modern Art in Poland, JERZY MALINOWSKI

Yisroel Rabon and his Novel Di Gas (The Street) 6: 231-52 CHONE SHMERUK Tuwim as he was_ 6: 253-61 TAMARA KARREN }OdzZ Memories 6: 262-87

YEHIEL YESHAIA TRUNK

Shmuel Almog’s Zionism and History Jerusalem, 1982) 6: 288-94 YOSEF SALMON The Linas Hatsedek Charitable Fraternity in Biatystok, 1885-1939 7: 121-32 TOMASZ WISNIEWSKI The Jewish Press in Krakéw, 1918-1939 7: 133-46 CZESLAW BRZOZA Ritual Slaughter as a Political Issue 7: 147-60 SZYMON RUDNICKI The Activities of the Democratic Societies and Democratic Party in Defending Jewish Rights in Poland on the Eve of Hitler’s Invasion 7: 260-7

AHARON WEISS ,

Jewish Historiography on Polish Jewry in the Inter-War Period 8: 3-13 EZRA MENDELSOHN Britain, a British Jew, and Jewish Relations with the New Poland: The Making of the Polish Minorities Treaty of 1919 8:14-41 MARK LEVENE The Social Consciousness of Young Jews in Inter-War Poland _ 8: 42-65 ALINA CALA

Polish-Jewish Relations as Reflected in Memoirs of the Inter-War Period 8: 66-88 SZYJA BRONSZTEJN

38 Chronological Table of Contents Shtetl Communities: Another Image _ 8: 89-113 ANNAMARIA ORLA-BUKOWSKA The Civil Rights of Jews in Poland, 1918-1939 8: 115-28 JERZY TOMASZEWSKI

The Jewish Question in Polish Religious Periodicals in the Second Republic: The Case of the Przeglqd katolicki 8:129-45 FRANCISZEK ADAMSKI The Image of the Jew in the Catholic Press During the Second Republic 8: 146-75 ANNA LANDAU-CZAJKA The Jewish Press in the Political Life of the Second Republic 8: 176-93 ANDRZEJ PACZKOWSKI

Polish Political Parties and Antisemitism 8: 194-205 JERZY HOLZER The Polish Kehillah Elections of 1936: A Revolution Re-examined 8: 206-26 ROBERT MOSES SHAPIRO

Jewish Artisans 8: 227-37 ZBIGNIEW LANDAU Some Aspects of the Life of the Jewish Proletariat in Poland During the Inter-War

Period 8:238-54 BINA GARNCARSKA-KADARY

The Expulsion of Polish Jews from the Third Reich in 1938 8: 255-81 KAROL JONCA The Jewish Boycott Campaign Against Nazi Germany and its Culmination in the Halbersztadt Trial 8: 282-9 ALFRED WISLICKI What Shall We Tell Miriam? A Tale for the Present 8: 290-8 RAFAEL F. SCHARF

Poyln: Land of Sages and Tsadikim 8: 299-324 YEHIEL YESHAIA TRUNK

The Jewish Problem in Polish Socialist Thought 9: 14-31 MICHAE SLIWA

The Bund in Poland, 1935-1939 9:58-82 DANIEL BLATMAN

}6dz Remained Red: Elections to the City Council of 27 September 1936 9: 83-106 BARBARA WACHOWSKA

IQ39— 1945 39

DOV LEVIN |

The Jews of Vilna under Soviet Rule, 19 September— 28 October 1939 9: 107-37

Hasidic Yeshivot in Inter-War Poland 11:3-24 SHAUL STAMPFER On the Brink of Disaster: Hillel Zeitlin’s Struggle for Jewish Survival in

Poland 11:77-93 SHRAGA BAR SELLA

The Congregation of the Great Synagogue in Warsaw: Its Changing Social Composition and Ideological Affiliations 11: 112-26 ALEXANDER GUTERMAN The ‘Progressive Synagogue’ in Lw6w__11:127-53 JULIAN BUSSGANG

The Synagogues of L6dz 11: 154-67 KRZYSZTOF STEFANSKI Jewish—Ukrainian Relations in Inter-War Poland as Reflected in Some Ukrainian Publications 11: 232-46 SHIMON REDLICH The Jewish Question in Poland: Views Expressed in the Catholic Press Between the Two World Wars 11: 263-78 ANNA LANDAU-CZAJKA

Bernard Singer: The Forgotten ‘Most Popular Jewish Reporter of the Inter-War Years in Poland’ 12: 179-97 JANINA ROGOZIK

The Endecja and the Jewish Question 12:271-83 ROMAN WAPINSKI

FROM 1939 TO 1945

JOZEF GARLINSKI ,

_The Underground Movement in Auschwitz Concentration Camp 1: 212-26 The Western Allies and the Holocaust 1:300-15 Fss 407-22 DAVID ENGEL Five Wartime Testimonies 1: 316-26 WLADYSELAW BARTOSZEWSKI

The Polish Government-in-Exile and the Holocaust: Stanistaw Kot’s Confrontation with Palestinian Jewry, November 1942- January 1943: Selected Documents 2: 269-309 DAVID ENGEL

40 Chronological Table of Contents The Stanislaw Kot Collection, Warsaw 2:310-20 BERNADETA TENDYRA The Poor Poles Look at the Ghetto 2:321-36 JAN BEONSKI Polish—-Jewish Relations During the Second World War: A Discussion 2: 337-58

The Holocaust—Jews and Gentiles: In Memory of the Jews of Pacan6w_ 2: 372-90 ANDRZEJ BRYK

Jews asaPolish Problem 2:391-403 WLADYSEAW T. BARTOSZEWSKI

Emanuel Ringelblum, the Chronicler of the Warsaw Ghetto 3: 5-16 ISRAEL GUTMAN The History of the Warsaw Ghetto in the Light of the Reports of Ludwig Fischer 3: 188-99 MARIAN MAREK DROZDOWSKI Jacob Shatzky, Historian of Warsaw Jewry 3: 200-13 ROBERT MOSES SHAPIRO

The Religious Orders and the Jews in Nazi-Occupied Poland 3:238-43 JERZY KLOCZOWSKI The Conditions of Admittance and the Social Background of Jewish Children Saved by Women’s Religious Orders in Poland, 1939-1945 3:244-75 FSs 423-54 EWA KUREK-LESIK

On Immoral Reason and Illogical Morality 3:294-301 ZYGMUNT BAUMAN Jews and Poles under Soviet Occupation, 1939-1941: Conflicting

Interests 4:204-25 FSS 385-406 |

PAWEE KORZEC and JEAN-CHARLES SZUREK

Of Help, Understanding, and Hope: Righteous Rescuers and Polish Jews 4:296-310

NECHAMA TEC |

Polemic as History: Shmuel Krakowski, The War of the Doomed: Jewish Armed Resistance in Poland, 1942-1944 4:354-62 STANISLAUS A. BLEJWAS

Response to Blejwas 4: 363-7 SHMUEL KRAKOWSKI Reply to Krakowski 4: 368-9 STANISLAUS A. BLEJWAS

1939-1945 41 Reading Ringelblum 4: 442-8

TOMASZ GASOWSKI |

Recent Publications on the Plight of the Jews in Occupied Poland 4: 449-56 ADAM A. HETNAL

Resistance to Tyranny 4:457-61 M. R. D. FOOT

Nazi Social Policies 4: 462-6 | MICHAEL BURLEIGH

History, Holocaust, and German National Identity 4: 467-73 ALEXANDRA REICHE

German Photographic Documentation of Jewish Ghettosin Poland 5: 385-8 WLADYSEAW BARTOSZEWSKI

Four Jewish Memoirs from Occupied Poland 5: 389-93 WELADYSEAW BARTOSZEWSKI

Three Ghetto Sketches 7: 192-218 JAN MAREK GRONSKI

My Recollections of the Deportation of Janusz Korczak 7: 219-23 MAREK RUDNICKI The Death of Adam Czerniakow and Janusz Korczak’s LastJourney 7: 224-52 JERZY LEWINSKI Sister Wanda _ 7: 253-9 ANNA CLARKE

In the Shadow of the Facts 8:330-44 DARIUSZ STOLA Readings and Misreadings: A Reply to Dariusz Stola 8: 345-81 DAVID ENGEL

The Polish Underground and the Extermination of the Jews 9: 138-47 SHMUEL KRAKOWSKI

The Jewish Underground and the Polish Underground 9: 148-57 TERESA PREKEROWA

Zionist Pioneering Youth Movements in Poland and their Attitude to Erets Israel During the Holocaust 9:195-211 DINA PORAT Resistance through Education: Polish Zionist Youth Movements in Warsaw, 1939-1941 9:212-31 ERICA NADELHAFT

42 Chronological Table of Contents History, Drama, and Healing: On the Television Play A i B, by Harvey

Sarner 9:247-54 DAVID ENGEL

On Eisenbach on Emancipation 10:321-5 TOMASZ GASOWSKI

A Reply to Tomasz Gasowski 10: 326-32 ARTUR EISENBACH

On Auschwitz 10:339-43

NECHAMA TEC

Ala from the Primer 11:94-111 ALINA MARGOLIS-EDELMAN Polish Influences on British Policy Regarding Jewish Rescue Efforts in Poland 1939-1945 11: 183-91 BERNARD WASSERSTEIN Trunk’s Poyln: Its Place in Jewish Polish History 11:216-31 ANNA CLARKE The Realm of Shadows: Recent Writing on the Holocaust 11: 296-311 MICHAEL BURLEIGH On the Bowdlerization of a Holocaust Testimony: The Wartime Journal of Calek

Perechodnik 12:316-29 DAVID ENGEL

FROM 1945 TO THE 1990s Is There a Jewish School of Polish Literature? 1: 196-211 FSS 471-86 JAN BLONSKI

On Translating the Bible into Polish: An Interview with Czestaw Mitosz 1: 252-69 EWA CZARNECKA Images of Jewish Poland in the Post-War Polish Cinema _ 2:359-71 EDWARD ROGERSON

Jews asa Polish Problem 2: 391-403 WEADYSEAW T. BARTOSZEWSKI Polish-Jewish Relations and the Holocaust 4: 226-42

ANTONY POLONSKY |

The Founding of the All-Polish Anti-Racist Leaguein 1946 4:243-54 WEADYSEAW BARTOSZEWSKI

IQ45—1990s 43 The Contexts of the So-Called Jewish Question in Poland after World Warll 4:255-68 FSS 457-70 KRYSTYNA KERSTEN and JERZY SZAPIRO Changing Identity Among Younger Polish Jews in Sweden after 1968 4: 269-80 JULIAN ILICKI The Teaching of the History of the Jews in Secondary Schools in the Polish People’s Republic, 1949-88 4: 402-24 ANNA RADZIWIEEL

A Look at the Last Jews ofPoland 4:474-81 JACK KUGELMASS

The Function of Synagogues in the PPR, 1988 5: 40-9 ELEONORA BERGMAN and JAN JAGIELSKI

Memory: The New Monuments Commemorating the Struggle and Martyrdom of the Jews of Warsaw 5:50-5 STANISEAW JANKOWSKI The Omission of Jewish Topics in Mickiewicz Scholarship 5: 184-92 JADWIGA MAURER A Voice from the Diaspora: Julian Stryjkowski 5: 273-87 FSS 487-501 LAURA QUERCIOLI-MINCER Poles and Poland in I. B. Singer’s Fiction 5: 288-302 FSS 502-16 MONIKA ADAMCZYK-GARBOWSKA

References to Polish-Jewish Coexistence in the Memoirs of £6dz Workers: A Linguistic Analysis 6: 207-22 MARIA KAMINSKA Requiem for the Jewish People (Polish Literary Judaica in the Years 1987-1989) 6: 295-308 NATAN GROSS Britain and the Jewish Exodus from Poland Following the Second World War 7:161-—75

ARIEL JOSEPH KOCHAVI Henryk Grynberg Calls Poland to Account 7: 176-91 JOZEF WROBEL The Literary Afterlife of Polish Jewry 7: 273-99 ZYGMUNT BAUMAN

Jewish Themes in The Beautiful Mrs Seidenman by Andrzej Szczypiorski 7:300-12 — LAURA QUERCIOLI

44 Chronological Table of Contents The Pogrom in Kielce on 4 July 1946 9: 158-69 STANISEAW MEDUCKI

Antisemitism in Polandin 1956 9: 170-83 PAWEL MACHCEWICZ

Walls and Frontiers: Polish Cinema’s Portrayal of Polish-Jewish Relations 10: 221-46 PAUL COATES ‘That Incredible History of the Polish Bund Written in a Soviet Prison’: The NKVD Files on Henryk Erlich and Wiktor Alter 10: 247-72 GERTRUD PICKHAN

Two Books on Isaac Bashevis Singer 10: 333-8 CHONE SHMERUK Jewish Martyrdom in the Work of Adolf Rudnicki 11: 247-62 JOZEF WROBEL History, Experience and Democracy. Istvan Bib6é Revisited: The Jewish Question After 1944—Fifty Years Later 11:281-95 ROBERT BRAUN

Polish History through the Eyes of Three Popular Jewish Historians 11:312-18 JERZY TOMASZEWSKI A New Account of the ‘March Events’ 11:319-26 JOZEF LEWANDOWSKI The Return of the Troublesome Bird: Jerzy Kosiniski and Polish—Jewish

Relations 12:284-94 MONIKA ADAMCZYK-GARBOWSKA

Four Days in Atlantis: Jozef Lewandowski’s Complex Vision of the Polish Jewish

Past 12:307-15 |

JANUSZ KOREK

NOT PERIOD-SPECIFIC In Anger and In Sorrow: Towards a Polish-Jewish Dialogue 1: 270-7 RAFAEL F. SCHARF Some Thoughts on Polish—Jewish Relations _ 1: 278-87 WLADYSELAW BARTOSZEWSKI

Ashkenazic Jewry and Catastrophe 1:327-35 STEVEN J. ZIPPERSTEIN International Conference on Polish Jews in Jerusalem 3:314-32 ANTONY POLONSKY

Not Period-S‘pecific A5

ADAM PENKALLA ,

, Catalogue of Jewish Cemeteries in Poland 3:333-4 National Stereotypes 4:3-5 LESZEK KOLAKOWSKI

Poles and Jews as the ‘Other’ 4:6-17 WLADYSEAW T. BARTOSZEWSKI The Image of the Shtetl in Polish Literature 4:129-42 Fss318-31 EUGENIA PROKOPOWNA Problematizing the ‘Jewish Problem’ 4: 281-95 IWONA IRWIN-ZARECKA Wormwood and Ashes (Do Poles and Jews Hate Each Other?) 4:313-53 ROMAN ZIMAND The Struggles for Poland 4:370-89 ANDRZEJ BRYK Unchanging View: Polish Jewry as Seen in Recent One-Volume Histories of the Jews 4:390-401 GERSHON C. BACON Scholarly Conference: 500 Years of Jewish Settlement in Podlasie 4: 482-7 ANNA IZYDORCZYK and EWA PANKIEWICZ Yiddish Literature and Collective Memory: The Case of the Chmielnicki Massacres _ 5: 173-83 CHONE SHMERUK International Symposium on the Bibliography of Polish Judaic Documents, Krakoéw, 3-7 July 1988 5:360-3 KRZYSZTOF PILARCZYK The Conference ‘Studies on the History of the Jewish Inhabitance of Silesia’, Wroclaw, 10-11 July 1988 5:364-5 KRYSTYN MATWIJOWSKI Documents Dealing with the History of Jews in Galicia in Lw6w Archives 7: 268-72 DORA KATZNELSON About the ‘Jews in Poland’ Exhibition in Krakéw, June—-October 1989 7:313-33 ALEKSANDER ZYGA What Shall We Tell Miriam? A Tale for the Present 8: 290-8 RAFAEL F. SCHARF

The Second Competition of Scholarly Works on Polish Jewish Themes 9: 232-43

- ALINA CAEA

46 Chronological Table of Contents Inside, Outside: Interpreting Jewish Difference 9: 255-70

SYLVIA BARACK FISHMAN |

Mayufes: A Window on Polish-Jewish Relations 10: 273-86 CHONE SHMERUK Conspiracy Theories and the Reception of The Protocols of the Elders of Zionin

Poland 11:171-82 JANUSZ TAZBIR The Third Competition of Scholarly Works on Polish Jewish and Israeli

Themes 11:385-90 ALINA CALA

Judaica in Slovakia 12:330-5 ADAM BARTOSZ

Index of Persons Names are listed in English alphabetical order, ignoring diacritical marks.

A Adamczewski, Stanislaw Albert, Andrzej 1: 289 2: 191; 3:30 Alberti, Kazimiera 4: 134, 136 Aaron, Frieda 9: 295-6 Adamczyk, Maria 9: 234 Aleichem, Sholem, see Sholem

Aaron Berechiah of Modena Adamczyk-Garbowska, Aleichem 10: 57 n. 54, 60 n. 62 Monika 10: 336-8 Aleksandrowicz, Julian 5: 389 Aaron ben Jacob of Karlin Adamski, Franciszek 8: xix wartime memoirs 1:320-1

11:41 n. 31 Adelson, J6zef 4: 484-5 — Alekseev, Sergei 9:49 n. 4 Aaron of Regensburg 10:297, Adiv (Adelson), Gershon Alexander I, King 2: 138 n. 28

302, 311-12 9: 109-12, 115, 120, and the Jews 2: 157

Aaron of Tulczyn 1:22 122-3, 127-9, 131, 132 Alexander II, Tsar 3: 119

Abada, Roger 1:220 n. 114, 136n. 131 and the Jews 1:98; 5: 230;

Abel, Theodore 11: 356 Adler, Cyrus 2: 24, 26, 76-7, 83 11:36 Abella, Irving 1:301-2, 306, Adler, Jankel Jakub) 6: 225, reforms 1:109n.8

308, 310 227-30, 266-70; ills. 1 Russification policy 5: 224 Bohemia 10: 296, 312 10: 400-1 and the Jews 3: 162

Abraham ben Azriel of and 4 following p. 246; Alexander III, Tsar:

Abraham ben David 10:79n. Adler, Nathan Marcus 11: 139 and the State Council

28 Adler, Victor 12: 262 2: 430-2

Abraham ben Judah Leib Agnon, Shmuel Yosef 2:230; Alexander, David L. 2:10

10: 47 n. 28 5: 174; 10:51 n. 38; 12:5 Alexandrowicz, S. 4: 483

Abraham ben Ze’ev Nahum Ahad Ha’am (Asher Ginzberg) Algajer, Karol 9:86

Bornstein of Sochaczew 5: 115, 122; 6: 291-2; Allen, Jim 11: 298

11: 7-8, 62 7: 96-7, 114 n. 60; 9:247, Allerhand, Jakob 9: 273

Abrahamowicz, Dawid 12: 42 252; 10:412-14;11:77n. Allerhand, Maurycy 11: 149,

n. 36 3, 81 n. 18, 89, 91 n. 70 151

Abrahams, Abraham Isaac Aharonowicz, Josef 9: 118 Alma-Tadema, Lawrence 2:46

10: 203 Aigner, Piotr 2: 185-6, 195 Almog, Shmuel 6: 288-94; 8: 8

Abramovitsh, Sholem-Yankev n. 25 Alter, Rabbi Abram Mordka (Mendele Mokher Aizenstadt, Rabbi 2: 293 (elder) 5: 8-9

Seforim) 1:59, 84, 138, Ajbenszyc, Dr 3: 278, 290 Alter, Rabbi Abram Mordka 146, 176, 187, 328, 330-1, | Ajnenkiel, Andrzej 1: 288; (Abraham Mordekhai)

333; 2: 230; 3: 145-6; 8: 261 (younger) 5: 9-11, 20;

4: 57-61, 68, 134; 5: 174; Ajzensztajn-Kesher, Beti, 11:8, 13 10: 41 n. 3, 51 n. 38, 283, memoirs of Volhynia, Alter, Rabbi Israel 5:11

390, 394 1939-41 4:225n. 52 Alter, Jean 10: 250 n. 7

Abramowicz, Z. 4: 485 Ajzyk from Miedzyrzecze Alter, Rabbi Judah Arie Loeb

Abramsky, Chimen 10:385 3:65 5: 9-10, 15

Abrass, Osias 11: 136 Akaemov, N. 9: 52-4 Alter, Mendel 11:8 Abulafia, Abraham 11:49-50 Akielewicz, Mikolaj 7:45 Alter, Nehemiah 11:65

Ackord, Eliasz 10:207 Aksakov, Ivan S. 1:96, 103, Alter, Pinchas 5:11 Acquaviva, Claudio 11: 172 107; 5: 232, 238 Alter, Wiktor 2: 286 n. 6;

Adalberg, Samuel 3: 202; Akselrod, Luba 9:9 4: 160; 5: 467; 8: 213; 9: 29

7:94 Aksenfeld, Israel 1:59 n. 37, 68, 214n.6

48 Index of Persons | Alter, Wiktor (contd): Rapoport) 1:328,331-3; Attlee, Clement 7: 169; 10: 250 andthe Bund 10: 257, 259, 5: 176-7; 7: 104; 10: 394; Auerbach, Berthold 9: 282

263-4, 270 12: 20 Auerbach, Erich 10: 239

and emigration 9: 66-7 Antczak, Jan 5: 106 Auerbach, Rachela 7: 251 n.8 imprisonment by NKVD Antin, Mary, memoirs of Auerswald, Heinz 1: 320;

10: xxxiv, 247-8, 249-57 immigration to the USA 3: 189 and Jewish proletariat 2: 433-9 Auffschlag, Jézef 11: 154 9: 69-70 Antokolski, Mark 6: 224 August, Jochen 4: 465

and Joint Distribution Antonkiewicz, Marian 9:304 Augustus, Sigismund, see

Committee 9:76 Apfelbaum, Dawid 5:54 Zygmunt August

KGB files on 10: 249-50 Appelfeld, Aharon, Augustus II of Saxony 10: 105, and municipal elections in Badenheim 1939 11:302 203, 208 1936 9:63, 99 Appenszlak, Jakub 2:221,223, Avigdor Cohen-Zedek and Second International 229, 231; 11: 359; 12: 180 10: 311-12

9: 59-60 Appenszlak, Paulina 2:231-2 Avner, JoshuaZ. 11: 197 Alter, Rabbi Yitshak Meir Aptowitzer, V. 10: 290, 310 Avremele, Reb 8: 301-2,

Rothenberg 1: 132; Archivolti, Samuel 10:60 n. 62 304-6 3: 157-8; 4: 384; 5:5, 7,17; Arciszewski, Miroslaw 3:277, |Avrohom ben Wolf of Bilgoraj

11: 8n. 18, 34, 39, 45 281-2 12: 209

family 5:9 Arczynski, Ferdynand Marek ,

inWarsaw Gora Kalwaria 4: 247-8, in 5:8 Arendt, 5:9 Hannah 8: 417;

252 B

Altman, Natan 6: 223 11: 288, 290, 294, 301 Ba’al Halevushim (Mordecai

Altman, Tosia 9: 205-6 Argajer, Karol 9:96 Jaffe) 10:71, 83

Aly, G6tz 4: 465-6 Aronson, Boris 6: 224 Ba’al Shem Tov, Israel (Besht, Amelander, Menachem 5:178 Aronson, Frania 3: 254 Israel ben Eliezer)

Amichai, Yehuda 11:302 Aronson, M. 9:4 1: 155-7, 181; 2: 415; 4: 35, Anczel, Anszer (Anzelm) Aryeh, Gur 11:15 37, 393; 6: 225; 9: 262

10: 114 As, Yank! 9:110n.8 birth and early life

Anczyc, Wiadystaw Ludwik Asch, Baron d’ 3: 104 10: 184—5, 188 (pseudonym of Asch, Sholem 1: 333; 2: 230; historiography concerning

Kazimierz Goralczyk) 4: 129; 5: 178-80; 12: 297-306

2: 212; 4: 74; 11: 334 7: 102-3; 12: 168 ‘Igeret hakodesh’ 10: 195,

_ Anders, Gen. Wladyslaw 2:70, Ascherson, Neal 4: 152 198 277, 281, 285, 286 nn. 3,6, Aschkenase, Tobiasz 12:91 influence of 12:305 292, 304, 379; 7: 171; Asher ben R. Jehiel, see Rosh Keter shem tov 10: 195 8: 335-8, 358, 372-7; Asher ben R. Sinai 10:313-14 and magic 10:386

9: 161, 165, 248-54 Ashinsky, Aaron Mordecai medical knowledge 11:56

Andree, Richard 7:92 Halevi 11: 197, 201-4 in Meirateinayim 10:195 Andriolli, Elviro 7:322, 327 Ashkenazi, Bezalel 10: 301-2, and origins of hasidism

Andrzejewski, Jerzy 4: 227; 308 n. 63, 394 10: 141 n. 1; 11: xvii-xviii; 8: 88, 394; 12: 366 Ashkenazi, Tsevi Hirsch 12: 303-5

Angerstorfer, Andreas 11: 338 12: 10 and security of Jews 1:23

Anhelovych, Antonii 12:39 Ashkenazy, Szymon 2:53, 57; and smoking 11: 25-7, 29 Anielewicz, Mordekhai 3:5, 3: 202-3; 4: 159; 5: 326; Will of the Besht 10: 195

14-15; 5: 50, 53-4; 7: 243; 8:74 see also Shivhei habeshtin

9: 135 n. 126, 151, 222 Asnyk, Adam. 1: 76; 4: 77, 108 General Index Ankori, Zvi 5: 467 Assaf, David 10: 307 n. 60,345 Babad, Joseph 12: 112 Annenkov, N.N. 1:99-100 Astor, Michael (Chernikhov) Babel, Isaac 11:324

Anselm, Sigrun 11: 338-9 9: 117-18 Babianski, General 9:51 An-ski, S. (pseudonym of Astruc, Elie Aristide 5: 198, Bachman, Jacob 11: 140

Solomon Zainwil 201 Bacon, Gershon C. 12: 362-3

Index of Persons AQ Baczeles, Meir 11: 134 127 n. 26, 128 n. 31; Bauer, Otto 9:18, 25, 29; Baczyniski, Krzysztof Kamil 5: 266; 12: 266 n. 57 10: 267; 12: 262 11:378 Barasz, Maks Fiszel 7: 125-6 Bauer, Yehuda 1: 306; 2: 380; Badeni, Kazimierz, Count Barcinski (Barczynski), 10: 341; 11: 298—300, 302

5: 122; 12:91 Henryk (Henoch) Baum, Samuel 12:81

Bader, Blima 8:50 6: 225-30 Bauman, Janina 5: 474 Bader, Gershom 12:100,167, | Barczakowa, Janina 3: 262 Bauman, Zygmunt 4: 226-7,

175 Barczewski, Jan 9:95 235-6; 11: 355-7

Badiorova, Olga 9:37 Bardach, Juliusz 2:133;4:485 Baumhorn, Leopold 12:334

Badowska, A.J. 6: 305 Barkai, Avraham 2: 405; n.4 Baer, Dov, see Meisels, Rabbi 11: 305 Bauminger, Heszek 9: 154

Dov Ber (Beirush) Barkany, Eugen 12: 330-1, Baumritter, Gustaw, see Wiast,

Baer, Richard 1:213 333,335 Andrzej

Bailer, Izaak 6: 164 Barlas, Chaim 9: 202 Baxter, Charles 7: 169; 11: 188 Bajer, Czestaw 6: 161 Barlicki, Norbert 9:67,105-6 Bayerdorfer, Hans-Peter

Bajer, Karol 9:86 Barnai, Jacob 5: 465 5: 428

Bakiewicz, Colonel 8: 338, Barnas, I. 11: 336 Bazin, André 10: 228

376-7 Baron, Lawrence 9: 296 Bazylow, Ludwik 3: 410

Bakon, J6zef 7: 157 Baron, Salo Wittmayer 1:19; — Bebel, August 10: 4-5

Bakowska, E. 5:361 5: 493-7; 10: 100-1, 103 Beck, Henryk 2: 464-6 Baky, Laszl6 11: 286 Barruel, Augustin 2: 206; Beck, J6zef 2: 85; 3: 277, 282,

Bataban, Majer 2: 173, 230; 11: 173-4 284, 345; 5: 161, 165, 167; | 4:21, 160; 9:188;10:103, Bartal, Israel 3:385; 10: 399 8: 120, 127, 269, 284; :

114, 209-10, 367, 379; Bartel, Kazimierz 2: 261; 11: 185-6 11: 138, 141, 145, 327; 4: 160; 7: 261 Bednarz, Bronislaw 9: 168 n.

12: 8, 80, 180 Barrow, E. 5: 199, 201 36

history of Progressive Bartnicka, K. 10:21 Bedowski, Kazimierz 11:329 | Synagogue of L’viv Bartosiewicz, Henryk 1: 219, Begin, Menachem 2: 379;

11: 133 222-3 9: 163; 9: 249-53

Balberzycki, Mendel 9: 99, Bartosinski family 9: 167 Beier-Zylar, Sylwia 9: 235

125 Bartoszewicz, J. 4: 179 Beilis, Menahem Mendl

Balfour, Arthur James 2: 12; Bartoszewicz, Kazimierz 4:24 2: 221; 3: 180

5: 316; 8: 26, 31 Bartoszewski, Wladyslaw Beilis case 2: 430; 9: 47-8, Balicki, Zygmunt 1: 116, 125 1: 273, 275, 395-7; 2: 338, 52 n. 11; 12: 45n. 43, 251 342, 351-3, 357-8, 389; Belch, Edward 2:315 Batucki, Michal 1:69, 70, 3: 295, 359; 4: 228, 247-8, Beldowski, Tadeusz 9: 86

76-7; 4: 77, 81 252, 380, 440, 457-61; Belkowsky, Z. 5: 121 Banaczyk, Wladyslaw 8:379 6: 319; 7: 273; 11: 190,352 Beller, Ilex, memoirs of shtetl

Banaszkiewicz, Wiadysiaw Bartoszewski, Wiadystaw T. life 8:96, 105, 111

11: 358 4: 5-17; 8: 411 Bellotto, Bernardo 10: 400

Bandera, Stepan 11: 152; Bartrop, Paul 9: 296 Bellou, Gedalia 3: 144

12: 24 Baruch Schick of Shklov Belmont, L. 8: 140 Banka, Maita 11: 195, 197 11:58 Beiza, Wiadystaw 2: 200;

Banks, A.J. 7: 165 Baruchin, Eli 6: 106 11:335

Baran, Stepan 11:239n.30 Barvinsky, Aleksander 12:91 Belzer rebbe, see Rokeach,

Baranchuk, Nahman 9:130n. Baryka, P. 4:26 Rabbi Joshua

100 Basinski, E. 4: 187 Ben Azzai 1:62

Baranov, E. T. 1: 101, 102 Batory, Stefan 10: 106, 109 ‘Ben Israel, Ephraim’

Baranowski, Bohdan 4: 131 Battenberg, J. Friedrich (pseudonym) 5: 202-4

Baranowski, Ignacy 9:50 11: 338-9 see also General Index:

Barariski, Stanislaw 1: 117, Baudouin de Courtenay, Jan uprisings, Polish: January

120-3, 126 nn. 15-16, 20, 3: 53;9:51 Uprising

50 Index of Persons Ben Israel, Menasseh 5: 396 Berberyusz, Ewa 3:301 Betansky, Antonin Vaclav

Ben Zew, Jehuda Loeb Berdyczewski, Micha Josef 12:52 10: 211-12 1: 157-8; 6: 291-2; 7: 97, Bethge, Eberhard 9: 296

Ben-Akiba 1: 258 114n. 60 Bethge, Renate 9: 296 Ben-Amos, D. 10: 195-6 Berenbaum, Abraham Bevin, Ernest 7: 166

Ben-Avigdor (pseudonym of 8: 271-2 Beyrau, D. 10: 258 n. 56

Abraham Leib Berenbaum, Michael 10:339 Bezak,A.K. 1: 100 Shalkovich) 4:65 Berencwajg, Jozef 6:96 Bezim, Moshe Berl 7: 123

Bender, Sara 4: 486 Berenstein, T. 3: 267 Biatasiewicz, J. 4: 186

Bendori, Pinchas 9: 208 Berg, Mary (Miriam Biale, David 9: 256—64, 267 Benedict XI, Pope, see General Battenberg), memoirsof Bialik, Hayim Nahman

Index under ritual Warsaw ghetto 1:322-5 1: 331-2; 2: 237 n. 11,

murder Berger, Henekh 6: 147, 151 238; 3: 149; 5: 179; 7: 114 Benedict XIV, Pope, see Bergman, Eleonora 9: 232; n. 66; 9: 216; 10: 394;

General index under 10: 345 11:64

ritual murder Bergman, Stefan 5:51 Bialogurski, A. 9: 130 n. 100 Benedyktowicz, Zbigniew Bergson, Henri 5: 379 Biatoszewski, Miron 1: 252

4:7,10 Bergson, Michal 12: 212 Biberstein, Aleksander,

Benes, Edward 2: 37-8 n.1 memoirs of Krak6w Ben-gavriel, Mosche Ya’akov _ Beria, Lavrenti 10: 252 ghetto 2: 458-60

9: 283 Berkelhammer, Wilhelm Biberstein, Marke 2: 459 Ben-Gurion, David 2: 271, 7: 140 Bibo, Istvan, and the Jewish 276, 296 Berlewi, Henryk 6: 226-30; Question 11: 281-95 Beniowski, Bartlomiej 5: 196; ill. 5 following p. 246; Bick, Jacob Samuel 1: 152

7: 35-7, 45, 51 n. 24 8: 413-14 Biderman, Izrael Mordka

Benjamin, Walter 9: 288 Berlin, Isaiah 1: 132 11: 350

Benjamin Tudelensis (of Berlin, Rabbi Naphtali Zevi Biedermann, Robert 6:58

Tudela) 1:33; 10: 288 Judah 1:58; 7:75 Biedermann family 6:49

n. 7,313 Berling, Zygmunt 9:161 Bielecki, Stefan 1:218

Bennich family 6:50 Berman, Adolf 4: 247-8, 253; Bielecki, Tadeusz 2: 257, 282

Ben-Sasson, Haim Hillel 5: 389; 7: 236, 245-6 n. 4, 315;5: 111

4; 393, 396-8; 11:312-13 Berman, Jakub 2:369;9:172, — Bieliriski, Franciszek 3: 47, 62,

Benski, Stanislaw 6: 303; 174-5, 179 70

8: 395 Bernatowicz, F. 2: 202, 206 Bielinski, Pawel 3:58, 71-2, Bentwich, Herbert 2:25 Bernholtz, Shmuel 9: 125 106 Benveniste, Hayim 11:25n.1 n. 74 Bielski, Tuvia 9: 145; 11: 360-1 Ber, Simon Akiva 10:44 Bernouilli, Johann 10:214-15 Bieniarz6wna, J. 10: 324,

Ber of Bolechow, Dov 1:20, Bernstein, Ignaz 7:94 331-2 26 n. 15; 4: 33-7; 10: 14, Bernstein, Jacob Naphtali Bienkowski, Ludomir 3: 361

19-20, 213-14, 217; Herz 11:138 Bienkowski, Witold 2: 341 11: 386 Bernstein, Michael André Bierer, Ruben 12: 167 n. 11 memoirs of Council of Four ~ 11:301-2 Bierut, Bolestaw 11:320 Lands 9: 187-91 Bernstein-Cohen, J. 5: 114, Biester, Johann Erich 10: 215

Ber of Ilintsy, Dov 10: 185-8, 121-2, 127 Bigart, Jacques 2: 10-11, 19, 25 | 189-90, 193 Bershadski, Sergei Bik, Yaakov Shmuel 5: 465 Ber of Lubavich, Dov 10: 188 Aleksandrowich 10:100 Bilas,Ivan 10:352

n. 25 Bersohn, Mathias 2: 417-18; Bilczewski, Jozef 12: 42

Ber of Mezhirech, Dov, see 3: 201 Bilewicz, Tadeusz 5:51 Magid of Mezhirech Besht, Israel ben Eliezer, see Bilinski, Leon 5: 122

Beranek, F. J. 9: 291 Ba’al Shem Tov Birkenthal, Dov Ber 12:4 Béraud, Armand-Louis- Best, Werner 8: 258, 260, Birnbaum, Halina 6: 298-9

Joseph 9: 265 264 Birnbaum, Hersz 5:13

Index of Persons 51 Birnbaum, Nathan 12:167-8, Blumfeld, Israel 3: 176 Bosak, Lipman,

172, 174 Bobowski, K. 5: 364 autobiography 8: 45,

Birnbaum, Solomon Asher Bobrowski, Czestaw 4: 252 58-9

12: 171 n. 29 memoirs 8:77, 79-81, 87 Bossakowski, Jakub 3:115

Birnbaum, Uriel 12:175,176 | Bobrowski, Michat 10: 210 Boy-Zelenski, Tadeusz 5: 190

n. 46 Bobrowski, Tadeusz 1:339 n. 2; 7: 57-8, 61; 9: 276-7

Birnbaum, Zdzislaw 9:51 Bobrzynski, Michal 12:96-8 — Bracken, Brendan 8: 360, 368 Bitner, Wiladystaw 9:89 Bogucki, J6zefSymeon 2:209 Brafman, Jakob 1: 101-2, 104;

Bittner, Abram U. 11:350 Boguszewska, Helena 4: 252 5: 238 Black, Stephen 11:343 Bohler, Friedrich 8: 286, 289 Braham, Randolph L. 10:341;

Blair, Frederick Charles Bohomolec, Jan 1:41; 10:9 11: 286

1: 305-6 Bohuszewiczowna, Maria Brand, Joel 11:300

Blajstift, M. 6: 115 9: 6-7 Brandes, Georg 2: 103

Blat, Salomon 6: 226 Bohusz-Szyszko, Zygmunt Brandstadter, M.D. 1:61

Blatman, Daniel 8: 365 2: 278 n. 2, 285 Brandstaetter, Roman Blau, M. 10: 298 Bojarska, Anna 12: 293 1: 197-8; 2: 232; 10: 394; Blawat, Chaim 11: 164 Bolestaw of Kalisz and 11: 390 Blazejczyk, Marian 12: 291-2 Pobozny (Bolestaw the Brandt, Karl 7: 231 Blazejczyk, Zygmunt 11:335 Pious) 2: 123-4; 4: 394; Brandt, Willy 10: 249

Blazewski, Wiadystaw 10: 290 Brandys, Kazimierz 1: 199, 12: 317-18 see also General Index. 205; 2: 367; 4: 418-19;

Blejwas, Stanislaus A. 4: 363-9 privileges granted to 8: 428-9; 11: 254 , Blimele, Boba 11: 217-18, Jews: charter of 1264 Branicki, Count Xavier 5: 186

| 220-1, 224, 229-30 Bomash, Meyer 6: 102-3; Bratkowski, Stanislaw 5: 198,

Blit, Lucjan 9:78; 10: 248-9 9:50 212; 7:45

Blitt, Moshe 9: 130 n. 100 Bondy, Filip 10: 210; 12:14 Bratny, Roman 8: 395

Bloch, Eliezer 9: 221 Bondy, Meszulam 10: 210 Braude, Leib 11: 146, 149

Bloch, J. 5: 208 Bonhoeffer, Dietrich 9: 296 Braude, Markus 5: 466; Bloch, Jan 3:29, 133-4, 161; Borenstein, Stanislaw 2: 347 11: 132

6: 57; 12: 247 Bor-Komorowski, Gen. Braudel, Fernand 11: 182 Bloch, Rabbi Joseph 5: 403-4 Tadeusz 4: 355, 357-8, Braudes, Reuven 1:54, 61

Bloch, Joseph Samuel 11: 132; 364; 7: 238, 245 Brauman, G. 12:212n.1

12: 161 Borkowski, S. 5: 200 Braun, Christinavon 11:341

Bloch, Moshe 9:127n. 85 Bornstein, A. Y. 2: 405 Braun, Mieczystaw

Bloch, Philip 2: 136 Bornstein, Rabbi Abraham (Bronsztejn) 2: 232, 244

Bloch family 5:379 11: 7-8 Braun, Pola 7: 205

Blonski, Jan 3: 295-7, 301; Bornstein, Chaim 3: 158 Brauner, Ida 6: 226-8 4: 155; 5: 476; 9: 234 Bornstein, Izaak 4: 161; 8: 228, Brauner, Wincenty (Icchak)

‘The Poor Poles Look at the 233 6: 224, 227-9; ills. 7 and 8 Ghetto’, reactions to Bornstein, Roman 5: 392-3 following p. 246; 8: 414

4: 231-42 Borochov, Ber 2: 442-4; Brawer, Abraham Jakob 12:3 Bliicher, Ephraim 11: 139 8: 251; 12: 169, 173 Bregman, Leizer 11: 124-5 Bludz, Benjamin 9: 135, 136 Borowski, Stanislaw, memoirs Bregman, Samuel 12:212n.1

n. 130 8:77 Bregman, Sebastian

Blumenfeld, Emanuel 11:133, Borowski, Tadeusz 1: 203; (Shabbetai) 11: 124—5

137; 12: 129 4: 419; 8: 393; 11: 247, Breslauer, Teodor 6:96

Blumenfield, Diana 7: 203 250-2, 259, 262; 12: 366 Breslev, Shmuel 9: 222-3 Blumenkrantz, Bernard Borowy, Waclaw 11:177 Bridgeman, Percy 9: 255

9: 271; 10: 385 Borski, Jan Maurycy 8: 202; Brill, Adolph 7:90

Blumenthal, Hermann 3: 391 9: 29-30, 66 Brimberg, Yosef 9:74 n. 47 Blumenstock von Halban, Borwicz, Michat 1: 275; Brod, Max 9: 288

Henryk 12:129 2: 353-5; 4: 227 Brodawka, Izaak 10: 105-6

52 Index of Persons Broder, Berl 12: 165 Bunin, Chaim 6:115 Cecil, Lord Robert 2: 12, 28, Broderson, Moshe 6:106, ——‘ Burda, Andrzej 8:78 42; 5: 315-16; 8: 37 115-16, 225-30, 239, Burek, Tomasz 8: 429 Centnerszwer, Stanistawa

264-70, 274-5 Burger, Ernst 1: 222, 224 6: 223, 226

Brodsky, Joseph 12: 355 Burlakov, Lieut. 10: 255-6 Chagall, Marc 6: 223-4, 267;

Brody, Seth 10: 343-7 Burrin, Philippe 11:303-6 11: 389

Brojner, Itche 6: 266-7, 270 Burshtin, M. 1: 179-80, 184-7, Chaike, Hayim 11: 124

Broniewski, Wladyslaw 193 n. 27 Chaimowicz, Pesach 3:70 4: 418, 460 Bursiewicz, Waclaw 9:97 Chajes, J. 10: 196 n. 68

Bronikowski, A. 2: 202, 206, Burton, Robert 9: 265 Chajes, Wiktor 11: 130, 151

213 Butrymowicz, Mateusz 3:52, Chatasinski, Jézef 6: 201

Bronikowski, Ksawery 11:34. 94 Chamberlain, Houston

Prone oe 9: 369; Butrymowicz, Piotr 1:42 Stewart 8: 134; 11:344 XIX, Byk, Emil 12:36 n. 26 Chapman, S.D. 2: 406 Broszat, Martin 5: 428 Bystror Jan 3:29 Charszewsk, Father Ignacy

Browning, Christopher R. 8: 159, 162, 165; 11: 273 4: 465; 11: 305-7 , Charyton, Jézef 7: 329 Broydes, R.A. 12:173 C Chashin, Alexander 10: 252

Brozek, A. 5:365 Caban, W. 3:229-31 Chaskielewicz, Stefan

Brozek, Jan 11: 171-2 Cala, Alina 2: 396; 4: 9; 5:361; 5: 390-1; 6: 300 Bruner, Jerome 11: 284 8: xv, xix, 325-9; 10:399 Chazanowicz, Josef 7: 123 Brutzkus, Boris 12: 232, 234-5 Calahora, Mattathius 12:8 Chciuk, Andrzej (‘Celt’) 2:399

Bryk, Andrze} 3: 318; 4: 229 Cang, Joel 11:238 Checiriski, Michal 9: cvii,

Brzeski, Abraham ben Capistrano, Giovanni 170-1 prrerina et niet ain 2: 119-20, 126-8 Chernikov, Josef 9: 117-18,

10: A12 ~ Cargas, Harry 4: 296 | 124 n.65

Brzoszkiewicz, Jerzy 9:173 Carigal, Raphael Hayyim Isaac Chevalier, Antony 3:88

Brzoza, Czeslaw 5: 361 P33 , Chlebowczyk, Jozet Be 1s9 Brzustowski, Chaim 6: 106, cane, Henn 5: 198, 206-7; ca a bela Jézef 3:111, Buber. Mantin 1: 158; 5:9, 17, Carlebach, Eliyahu C. 10:198 |Chmielnicki, Bogdan, see

472-4: 7:22: 9: 286-8: Carlebach, Emanuel 11: 121 Khmelnytsky, Bogdan 10: 345, 393: 11: xx; 12: 263 Caro, Ezekiel 11: 140-2, Chmielowiec, Michal 12: 289

Buber, Solomon 12:84 144-6, 151 Chmielowska, M. A.M. 5:365 Buchko, Ivan 11: 244 Caro, Jacob 11: 140-1 Chodynski, Edmund 9:90 Bucksdorf, Jan 7:270 Caro, Joseph ben Ephraim Chodzko, Ignacy 2: 207-8,

Buczkowski, Leopold 4: 138 10: 68-9; 12:7 211

Budin, Paul 11:362 Beit yosef 10: 71, 96 Chodzko, Jan 4:131 Budka, Nykyta 3: 415 Shulhan arukh 10:71, 73, oneEdmund _ 5: 1885: 197 Budzyner, Sholem 6: 146-8, 83-4, 96-8, 168 ojecki,

150, 152 and synagogue design Chojnowski, Andrzej 4:87 Budzynski, Waclaw 7: 157 10: 168 Chomentowski, Salomon Putin David H. 8: 266 Caro, Joseph Hayim 11: 140 6: 96 Bugaj, Stanislaw 9:97 Caro, Leopold 2: 261 Chominski, Ludwik 2: 250

Bujak, Franciszek 12: 132 Carr, E.H. 2:21, 23, 25 Chomyszyn, Grzegorz 8:88 Bukanz, Samuel N. 11:195 Casimir, see Kazimierz Choromanski, Michat 12: 366 Butak-Balachowicz, Stanislaw Cassel, Paulus 11: 349 Christiani, Pablo 9: 272

1: 233 Catherine II, Russification Chr6scielewski, J. 4: 194 Bulewski, Ludwik 5: 195 policies 1:97 Chrostowski, J. 4: 190 Butharyn, T. 2: 202, 206 Caumanns, Ute 12: 347-9 Chrostowski, Waldemar Bunem, Simha, see Simchah Cavendish-Bentinck, Victor 9: 235 Bunem of Przysucha 7: 162-4, 167-8, 170-2 Chudek, J. M. 8: 152

Index of Persons 53 Chudziriski, Wiktor 9:86n.41 Crowe, Sir Eyre 8: 24, 33; 7: 194, 216; 8: 364, 366

Churchill, Winston S. 9:56 9: 55-6 , n. 20; 9: 298; 10: 242, 356,

n.2 Crowley, Katarzyna 359; 11: 258, 262, 301

Chvalkovsky, Frantisek 5: 88 (Catherine) 3: 248, 258 last days 7: 225-43 Chwoles, Zechariah 9: 118 Csombor, Martin 4:22 Czerniak6w, Felicja 7: 225,

Ciechanowski, Jan 2:75; Cukierman, B. 2:55 233-4, 242, 251 n. 12;

8: 351 Cukierman, L. 9:4 10: 242, 356, 359

Ciechomski, Walenty 7:331 Cwikliniski, Jan 9:86 n. 11 Czerniewski, L. 11: 270

Ciecierski, Jakub 1: 353 Cybis, Bolestaw 7: 328 Czernik, Antoni 9: 105 Cienciala, AnnaM. 5:310nn. Cybulski, B. 5:365 Czerwinski, Slawomir 2: 252

9-10 Cygielman, Shmuel Artur Czezowski, Tadeusz 2: 259

Cienglewicz, G. (Kasper 2: 153, 406; 4: 482-3,485 _Czynski, Jan 1:87; 2: 202-4,

Cieglewicz) 5: 200 Cylkow, Izaak 1: 259-60; 211; 3: 113; 4: 71;

Cioran, E. 5: 274 3: 159; 5: 474; 11: 113-14, 5: 195-200, 202, 209-10

Clark, Christopher 11:348—50 117 relations with Joachim Clark, Gen. Mark 7: 169 translation of Psalms Lelewel 7: 35-6 Clarke, Anna, memoirs of 11: 388 support of equal rights for wartime Warsaw Cymeranowna, Szprinca Jews 7:31-56

7: 253-9; 8: 301 11: 350 Czyzewski, Tytus 7: 328

Clauberg, Carl 1: 213 Cyrankiewicz, Jozef 1: 221-3;

Clauberg, Claus 10: 342 3: 458; 9: 181 D Clemenceau, Georges 8: 27, Cyraniski, Adam 9:92

35, 37 Czacki, Tadeusz 10:22, 101 Dabrowska, Maria 2: 258-9;

Clement XIII, Pope, see Czajewski, W. 6: 112 4: 484; 8: 88; 11: 228; General Index under Czajka-Stachowicz, Izabela 12: 366

ritual murder 3: 271 Dabrowski, Eugeniusz 8: 133

Clement XIV, Pope, see Czajkowski, Stanistaw 7:318 | Dabrowski, Kazimierz

General Index under Czalczenski, Jézef 10: 324 3: 251 ritual murder Czaplinski, Leslaw 10: 222 Dadrian, Vakhan 11:356

Coates, Paul 10: xxxiv n.3 Dahlmann, Gustav 11:349 Cohen, Benjamin 2: 150, Czaplinski, Wiadysiaw, Daiches, Israel Hayim 11: 195

153 memoirs 8:79, 80, 85 dal Castellazzo, Moses 9: 274

Cohen, Evelyn M. 8: 409 Czapski, Jézef 11:321 Dalton, Karen C.C. 10:399 Cohen, Julian 11: 123-4 Czarkowski, Antoni 11: 154 Dan, Yosef 11:54n.4

Cohen, Nathan 10: 339 Czarkowski, Jozef 8:75 Danecki, Wiadystaw 9: 89 Cohen, Richard I. 10:383 Czarnecka, Ewa, interview Dankiewicz, Szymon 7:91

Cohen, Shimsohn 9: 130 with Czestaw Milosz Dankowicz, Szymon 12:17

n. 100 1: 252-69 Dantyszek, Jan 12:365

Cohn, Albert 5: 199; 7:45 Czarniecki, Stefan 10: 120 Danziger, Abraham Hayim

Cohn, Berl 11: 198 Czarnowski, Stefan 7: 261 11:13

Cohn, Feliks 7:91 Czartkowski, Prof. 4: 252 Danziger, Isaac Menahem Cohn, Moses 11: 119-20 Czartoryski, Prince Adam 11:13

Cohn, T. 5: 200 5: 195; 7: 32, 41-3; Danziger, Samuel Zevi 11:9 Colon, Rabbi Joseph, see 10: 212; 12: 245 Danzigerkron, Moshe (Ron)

Maharik Czartoryski, Wiadystaw 11:116

Conze, W. 10: 402, 405 5: 201; 7: 47 Darewski, Edward 11:140 | Coxe, William 10: 215 Czartoryski family 12: 302 Dargielowa, Aleksandra

Crémieux, Adolphe 2: 8-9; Czechowicz, J6zef 4: 132 3: 263-4 5: 198, 202; 7: 37-8, 43, 45, | Czechowicz, Michat B. Daszynski, Ignacy 2: 56-7;

47,52n. 29 5: 214-15 8: 80, 384-7; 9: 19-21; Creutzburg, Edward 11: 164 Czerniakéw, Adam 1:318-19; 10: 263; 12: 93, 141, 261

Croan, Melvin 10:369-70 2: 302 n. 10; 3: 189; 4: 452; n. 28

54 Index of Persons Datner, Szymon 3: 243; 4:477, Deutscher, Isaac 7: 139, 275; Dmuszewski, Ludwik 2: 201

486 12: 185, 193, 195-6 Dobkin, E. 5: 140

David, Natan 10:345-6 Diamand, David 11:134 | Doblin, Alfred 9: 283 David Darshan 1: 361-2 Diamand, Herman 7: 271; Doboszynski, Adam 2: 315 David Moses Friedman of 9: 20-1; 10: 265; 12: 169 Dobraczynski, Jan 3: 262-3;

Chortkov 11:63 Diamand, Jacob 11: 145 8: 158, 160; 12: 293

David ben Samuel Halevi Diamanstein family 12: 130 memoirs 8:78

12:9 Diamant, Hersch 12:115 Dobranicki, Daniel 11: 164

David of Tishvits (Tyszowce) | Dickenson, John 7: 170 Dobraniecki, Jakub 6:90

11:4] Dickstein, Professor 8:20 Dobroniski, A. 4:484—5

Davidson, Gusta 9:196,222 Dietel, Herr 5:82 Dobroszycki, Lucjan 2:115n. Davidson, I. (Y. Davidsohn) Diewerge, W. 8: 272 2; 3: 449; 4: 227, 370;

9:53 Dik, Izaak Meir 1:60, 84, 86-8, 7: 197; 8: 206-7, 430

Davies, Norman 2: 65, 341; 93-4; 3: 145, 147; 4: 67; Dobrowolski, Stanislaw 8: xvi-xvii, 9-10, 13, 347 _ 92178; 7:82; 12: 359, 361 Ryszard 8:395 Davis, Frederick 5: 199, 201 Diksztajn, Samuel 12:212n.1 Dobrowolski, Stanislaw

Dawidowicz, Lucy S. 5:90; Dillon, Clarence 2:77 Wincenty 4: 248, 252 8: 4, 7, 10, 299, 301; Dillon, Eliezer 2: 157-8 ~ Dobrucki, Gustaw 2: 252

11:301 Dineson, Jankev 3: 148 Dobrzariski, Jan 12: 118

Dawidsohn, Haim 3: 157 Dinnerstein, Leonard 1:310; n.79

Dawidzuk, Stefania 4: 308-9 ; 11:34] ; Dobrzanski, Stanislaw 4: 119 Debicki, R. 4: 190 Dinur, Ben-Zion 1: 32, 86; Dohm, Christian Wilhelm von

Debicki, Stanislaw 7:328 , 3: 16; 10: 185, 397 4:435

Debiec, A. 4: 194 Oe TaL 4 Dolega-Mostowicz, Tadeusz Debski, Aleksander 5: 256 an J. Les 12: 293 n. 36, 366

, . . 10: 369-70

Debski, Jerzy 11:351-4 Djordjevic, Dimitrye Domostawski, Kazimierz

Debski, Stanislaw, see Dubois, | 1-29. 360: 9: 26 Stanislaw D HBOS, Jan 1:29, an Dondukov-Korsakov, A. N.

. 2: 120, 124—7; Deciusz, Justus 1: 31-2 4: 10:20; 111-13 1: 100

Degenstein, Jakub 6: 163 Dluski, Kazimierz 1:116 Donin, Nicholas 9: 272 Deiches, Salomon 11: 328, Dtuski, Michal 11: 174 Dontsov, Dmytro 11: 233,

330; 12: IV, 107 Dmowski, Roman (Kazimierz 240-4 Deinard, Ephrain 11: 196, 198 Wybranowski) 1: 116-17, Dosa the Greek 10: 306

Dekel, Efraim 10: 348 125 nn. 11-12, 347, 394: Dostoevsky, Fyodor 6: 273 Dekert, Jan 3:85, 87 2: 18, 23-4, 27, 29, 34n. Dov Ber (Baer), see Magid of

Delisle, Esther 11:34] 9A, 311-12, 340; 3: 163: Mezhirech

Delitzsch, Franz 8: 134 n. 7; 4: 95-6, 152, 157 n. 7, 170, Drabina, J. 5: 364

11: 349 342-3, 394: 6: 328; 8: 13, Drahomanov, Mykhailo

Delmaire, Jean-Marie 3:344 22-3, 31, 34-5, 196, 328, 1: 127 n. 22; 12: 45 n. 43,

Deloncle, Francois 2: 16-17 390-1: 9: 45, 48, 50-1, 52 140-1 Demarczyk, Ewa 11:378 n. 10, 53: 11: 173, 177, Dranger, Shimshon 9: 205 Dembirski, Jan 9: 105 179, 325; 12: 251, 254, Dratwa, Bolestaw 9:39 Dembitzer, Pinkas 11: 149 269, 273, 275-6, 278 Drenger, Shimek 9: 222

Dembo, Izaak 9:3 antisemitism 5:315-16 Dresdner, Karol 2: 232

Dembowski, Mikolaj feud with Lewis Namier Dreszer, Zygmunt 4: 160

10: 131-2 2: 37-49; 5: 303-26 Drobner, Bolestaw 9: 39; Demidowicz-Demidecki, legacy of 5:470 10: 262

Adam 2:315 programme for memoirs 8:67 n. 4, 78-81, 9: 55, 56 n. 2 2: 43-4 Drobnik, Jerzy 4: 184; 5: 106-7

Denikin, Anton Ivanovich reconstruction of Poland 84

Detoux, M. 12:199n.7 in the USA in 1918 Drozdowski, Marian Marek

Deutsch, Helene 3:392 2: 95-116, 379; 3: 449 9: 280

Index of Persons 55 Drucki-Lubecki, Ksawery 6:5 Dzierzynski, Feliks 9:6n.12, | Eleazar ben Joel Halevi of

Drummond, Eric 2:39, 41-2, 45-54; 12: 259 n. 13 Bonn 10: 288 n. 4

44—7; 5: 319-20, 323 Dziewanowski, Kazimierz Eleazar of Lublin 10:313

Drumont, Edouard-Adolphe 3: 295, 301; 11: 183 Eleazar ben Nathan, see

1:119 Dziki, S. 5:361 Raban

Drymmer, Wiktor Tomir Dziki, Waldemar 2: 368 Eleazar ben Simeon 10:47-8

2:57, 63-4, 87; 3: 278, 290; Eleazar of Tuch 10: 298, 301

, , 8:Du120, 126, 12: 258 n. of44, 303 Four (printer) 199,FE Eleazar Worms 10:50 n. 34, 201 Eban, Abba 4: 393-5 302, 308-9, 312

Dubin, Lois 3:385 Ebl, Franz M. 9: 273 Eliezer Gordon of Telz 11:15, Dubinsky, David 9:75 n. 50 Eck, Natan 6: 148 194, 209, 214 Dubno, Solomon 10: 211 Edelman, Marek 2:467;4:158 EliezerofPrague 1:4

Dubno Magid Jacob ben Wolf n. 13; 5: 51, 55, 476; Eliezer Zeviof Komarno 11:28 ,

Kranz) 10:63 6: 303; 7: 226, 309; Elijah ben Solomon Zalman Dubnova, Viktoria 10: 249, 11: 255, 258 (Hagra; Vilna Gaon)

255 memoirs of Warsaw ghetto 4: 393; 10: 211; 11: xvii, Dubnow, Simon 1: 96, 98, 102; 2: 464-5 340; 12: 340-1 4: 391; 5: 179-80, 240; . Edelman, Shmuel 6: 146 Elimelech of Lizhensk 7: 92-3, 96; 9:69 n. 36, 188; Eden, Sir Anthony 8: 334 (Lezajsk) 10:51 n. 38, 10: 184-5, 263; 11: xviii, Edward VII, king of England 344-6

31, 63, 333; 12: 298 2:10 Ellenberg, Zygmunt 6: 164;

attitude to folklore and Eger, Judah Leib 11: 41-2, 53 9: 98-9

ethnography 7: 92-6 Ehrenpreis, Marcus 11: 132 Ellis, S. 5: 199 on hasidism 1: 153-7 Ehrlich, Henryk 2: 286 n. 6; Elmaleh (Almaliah), Avraham

view of Jewish insecurity in 8: 212 Rafael 2: 297, 302

Poland 1: 20-1, 25 Eibenschutz, Artur 11: 327 Elzenberg, Henryk 6:92

Dubois, Stanislaw (Stanislaw —_ Eichenstein, Elijah 12: 113 Elzet, I. 10: 282 n. 31

Debski) 1: 215, 221; Eichmann, Adolf 5:91; Emanuel, Szymon 10: 202

2: 261; 9:67 7: 216-17; 8: 256, 399; Emden, Jacob 1:59

Dubs, Fiszel 11: 134 11: 286, 300 Emmausski, Christofor Dubs, Lazar 12:129 Eidlish, Solomon 12:7 11: 336 Dubs, Marek 12: 129 Eiger, Antoni 1:317 Ena, Maria 3: 247

Dudzinski, J. 7:151, 156-7 Eiger, Marek 8:77 Endelmann, Todd 3: 384 Duff, Douglas 11:64 Einstein, Albert 5: 108; 10:250 Endre, Laszl6 11: 286

Dufour, Piotr 3:68 Eisenbach, Artur 4: 444-7; Engel, David 8:11, 330-44; Dukes, Leopold 7:90 8: 423-6; 9: 280; 11: 286, 10: 223; 11: 184, 188, 190

Dumas, Alexandre 11: 173 300 Engelhardt, H. Tristram Dunin-Wasowicz, Krzysztof and emancipation 10: 9: 192 3: 188, 317 XXXIV, 321-5, 353-5, 382 Engels, Friedrich 9:51

Dupaquier, J. 10:30 Eisenberg, Abraham 6: 223 Engestr6m, Lars 10: 215 Durmayer, Heinrich 1: 223 Eisenstadt, David 11: 116 Englund, Peter 11: 323 Duzel, Czestaw 1: 224 Eisenstein, J.D. 10: 281, 282 Enochowicz, Szymon 3:65

Dworak, T. 4: 176, 186 n.31, 284 Ense, Varnhagen von 5:191 Dydzinski, Janusz 8: 125 Eisert family 6:50 n. 5;5: 191 Dygasinski, Adolf 4:82 Eisler, Jerzy 11:319 Epfelberg, Heshl 3: 148-9

Dymek, Archbishop Walenty __ Eisner, Jack 7:214 Ephraim ben Meir 10: 315-16

4: 253 Eitingon, Naum 6:74 Ephraim of Regensburg

Dyomin, Mikhail Ekeréwna, Anda 2: 232 10: 288 n. 4

Aleksandrowich 9: 166 Elchanan of Fordon, Rabbi 7:8 Ephraim of Sudylkov 12:303

Dziedzic, Jozef 12: 132 Eleazar ben Isaac of Prague Epstein, Avraham 10: 300

Dzierzgowski, Mikolaj 10: 111 10: 288-9, 314 Epstein, Boruch 7:75

56 Index of Persons Epstein, Isaac 11: 134 Falat, Julian 7: 328 Fin, Shmuel Yosef 5: 222-5, Epstein, Jakub 3: 28, 111; Falkensohn, Issacher (Behr) 232-4, 238-40

5: 377 10: 211 Fink, Hilda, autobiography

Epstein, Mieczystaw 1:58; Falko of Kalisz 2: 119 8: 48, 51

7: 271 Falkowski, Revd 4: 299, 300 Fink, Ida 12: 353-5

Epstein family 7:329 Falska, Maria (Maryna) Finkelshteyn, Khaym 2: 228,

Erb, Rainer 11: 338-45 6: 320-1; 11: 102 289; 10: 335; 12: 183, 185 Erlich, Henryk 4:157n. 6,237; Falski, Marian 11:94 Finkelstein, Abel 9:3 9:61 n. 10, 69 n. 36, 214 Farbshtein, Geshel (Heshel) Fischer, Josef 12: 167-8

n. 6; 11:63, 224 9:53 Fischer, Ludwig 3: 188-99;

and the Bund 9:59,60n.6; Faterson, Israel 3: 171 9: 152

10: 248-9, 252-3,257-72 Father Daniel, see Rufeisen, Fischer-Galati, Stephen

and emigration 9: 67-8, Oswald 10: 369

80 Faulhaber, Cardinal Michael Fiszel, Moses 10: 114

imprisonment by NKVD 5: 66; 11: 244 Fiszer, Franciszek 7: 328 10: xxxiv, 247-8, 249-57 Faynsilber, Abram 10:247-50, Flaczkiewicz, Franciszek 3:96

and Joint Distribution 252-4, 257-8 Flaszen, Juda 9: 161

Committee 9:72, 74 Fedorowski, Janina and Flatau, Isaac 3:28, 159

KGB files on 10: 249-50 Grzegorz 6: 298 Flatt, Oskar 5: 4; 6:7 and municipal elections: Fedotov, Lieut. 10: 254, 256 Fleg, Edmond 10: 394

1936 9:62, 99; 1938-9 Fehér, Ferenc 11: 285 Fleischmann, Gisi 11: 299

9: 79-81 Fein, Helen 4: 232; 11: 356 Fleszarowa, R. 4: 252

Erlich, Viktor 4: 237; 10: 250 Feiner, Leon 5: 462 Flinker, David 11: 116 Emesti, Joseph 11: 136-7 Feingold, Henry 1:301-3, Folkel, F. 5: 274

Ertel, Rachel 8: 186 305, 308, 312 Folz, Hans 9:273

Erter, Isaac 1: 152; 11: 132, Feinkind, Pinhas 3: 168 Ford, Aleksander 2: 366-7;

134 Feitelson, M. M. 1:93 11: 359-60

Escher, Felix 3: 359 Feivish, Moshe 1:52 Forster, Georg 2:177; 10: 215 Eshkoli, Aharon 11:5n.8 Feiwel, Berthold 7: 103 Fortis, Mojzes 10: 209 Estreicher, Karol 4: 117 Feldman, Jacob 11:210—11 Foster, John 5: 428 Etkes, Emanuel (Immanuel) Feldman, Wilhelm 4: 134-5; Fox, Hayim Leib 11:54—-5

3: 385 12: 45 n. 43, 46, 91, 134, Fracek, Teresa 3: 246 11: xviii Feldstein, Moshe 11: 125 Fraenkel, Jonas 12:91

Etkes, Israel 10: 184, 199; — 167n.9, 266, 269 Fraczyk, T. 5: 361

Ettinger, Isaac Aaron 12:105 — Felsenhardt, Natan 9:6 Fraenkel, Samuel Antoni

Ettinger, Shloyme 3: 147 Felsenhardt, Rozalia 9: 6-7 3: 107; 5:377 Ettinger, Shmuel 2: 405; 4:55, Fenster, H.A. 2: 232 Franck, Adolph 5: 198 396-8, 495-8; 8: 6-7, 8, 10; Ferdinand III, Emperor Frank, A. N. 9: 188

10: 397; 11: 313-14, 10: 120 Frank, Anne 11: 258 Even-Shoshan, Avraham 11: 136 and General Government 10: 281 Feuchtwanger, Leon 7: 216 11: 418 316-18 Ferdinand d’Este, Archduke Frank, Hans 3: 191, 250

Eybeschuetz, Jonathan Feuerberg, Mordecai Ze’ev Frank, Jakub 4: 393, 395-6;

10: 207-8, 386 11: 388 5: 190 n. 4; 12:10

Ezekiel, Rav 10: 211-12 Ficowski, Jerzy 4: 240; 7: 273; see also General Index.

Ezofowicz, Michael 7: 321 8: 298 Frankists

Fiderkiewicz, Alfred 8:67 Frankel, Jonathan 12:343—4

FE n.6 Frankel, Selman 12: 204 Fiderkiewicz, Maria 8: 412 Frankel family 12: 130

Fajans, Waclaw 5: 380 Fijatkowski, P. 10: 109 Frankenstein, Henryk Adolf Fajner, Leon 10: 263-4 Filipowicz, Tytus 2:75, 79-84; 5: 380

Fakiel, Dora 7:203 8: 205, 379 Frankenstein family 5: 380

Index of Persons 57 Frankfurt, Simeon, Sefer Frydman, Sara, autobiography Gaster, Moses 7:92

hahahim 10:50, 55, 8: 54, 60-12 Gawel, Boleslaw 8:83

59-63, 65 Frys-Pietraszkowa, Ewa Gawron, Walenty, memoirs

Frankfurter, David 5:75; 4: 486; 8: 412 8:78

11: 241 Fuchs, Munio, autobiography Gawroriski, Andrzej 5: 198-9;

Frankfurter, Felix 10: 412 8: 62 7:46

Franko, Ivan 12:33,37n.27, | Fuks, Avrohom Moshe Gebirtig, Mordecai 12: 169-70

45-6, 92 12: 170, 175 Gedaliah of Ilintsy 10: 186

political activities Fuks, Lazar 6: 106 Geiger, Abraham 8: 133 n.6 12: 137-46 Fuks, Marian 2:224;3:359; = Gelber, Nathan Michael relationship to Jews 4: 485; 8: 176, 188, 190; 12: 171 n. 29

12: 137, 143-6 9:79 n. 64 Gelblum, Samuel 12:212n. 1

Frankowski, R. A. 5:48 Fuksiewicz, Jacek 2: 366 Gelfer, Jakob, autobiography

FranzJosephI, Emperor,and Funk, Jozue 12: 14-15 8: 49

the Jews 11:140 Furman, Franciszek 9:304 Geller, Eliezer 9: 201, 218, 220 Franz Karol, Archduke 11:135 Fusek, W. 4:177 Gepner, Abraham 1:318;

Franzos, Karl Emil 3: 392; Fussell, Paul 1:332-3 10: 356

7:17; 9: 282-4; 12:44,79 Fux Antoni 3:96 Geral, R. Moshe Katz 9: ix

Frederick II (the Great) of Fux, Jan 3:90-4 Gerber, Tobiasz 7:55 n. 74

Prussia 10: 203 Gerbert, Rafael 3: 230

and the Jews 7:9 G Geremek, Bronistaw 11: 326

Fredro, Aleksander 4: 107 Gerhardts, Uta 11: 356

Freehof, Solomon 11: 211 Galant, I. 10: 103, 130 Gerlach, Leopold von 11:348 Freid, Meir Jakob 11: 113-14 Galazka, Waclaw 9:84 Gerlicz, Gabriela 5: 381 Freimann, A. 10:314n. 81 Galen, Clemens August, Gershom ben Judah of

Frenkel, Pawel 5:54 , Count von 9: 442 Mayence, see Me’or Freud, Sigmund, library of Galinski, Edward 10: 343 Hagolah

3: 205 Gamarnik, Yan LU: 2 42 Gershon Henoch of Radzyn

Freund, Lewi 11: 147-9, 151-2 Gans, David (chronicler) see Leiner, Gershon |

Frey, 4:28, david 33; 9: 596 ae J.pe11:349 Tsemah 10:Henoch 350 . |

Frey, Winfried 9: 273 Ganszyniec, Prof. 2: 263 Gerson, Wojciech 7: 322 Frey, Winifred 11: 339 Gaon of Probuzna, see Gesundheit, Rabbi Jakub

Frick, Wilhelm 3: 76 Horowitz, Abraham 3: 158

Friedlander, David 1:85; Jacob Halevi Getter, Matylda 3: 241, 246 | 10: 10; 11: 130 Garczyriska, Wanda 3:247 Geyer family 6: 49 Friedman, Moses 11:17 Garczyriski, Stefan 1: 40; Ludwik Geyer 6:6, 58

Friedman, Philip 3: 206; 10: 13-14 Gibas, Danuta 9: 234-5

| 11: 327 Garlicka, Anna 3:345 Gibson, Hugh 2:76

Precmman: Saul 1:301-3, Garliriski, 338,lecroyc, 348-9, ae ane it: ee ol 403 n. Jozef 23; 4:2:380 Jerzy

Friemel, Rudolf 1: 224 Gamearska-Kedary, Bina Gieguzinski, Lejzar, Frishman, David 2: 230; 3: 146 2: 407; 5: 466; 8: xx autobiography 8:58 Fromer, Aryeh Zevi 11:8 Garrin, Steven 11:74—5 Gierek, Edward 9: 303 Fromer, Jakob, autobiography Gartenberg family 12: 130 Gierowski, Andrzej J6ézef

7: 13-30 Gartner, Ala 10: 342 3: 315; 4: 240; 5: 361,

Fronczak, Franciszek F. Garton Ash, Timoth 365

1: 227-9, 231-2, 235-40, 2: 392-7; 10: 362, 394 Giertych, Jedrzej 1: 292;

244-5; 2: 61-2 Gasior, Zbigniew 5:51-3 5: 105, 311-26; 8: 200;

Frug, S. 3: 146 Gasiorowski, Marian 9: 96-7; 11: 175-9; 12: 281 Frumkin, Boris 6:96 Stanislaw 9:86 Gierymski, Aleksander Frybes, Stanislaw 9: 232 Gasowski, Tomasz 10: xxxiv, 7: 330-1; 8: 407; 10: 401

Frycz, Karol 7: 328 326-32 Gieysztor, Aleksander 5:51

58 Index of Persons Gilberg, Trond 10: 369-70 G6dsche, Herman (‘Sir John Goldstein, M. 7:270

Gilbert, A. 1: 189 Retcliffe’), Barritz Goldszmit, J. 2: 201

Gilbert, Martin 1: 307; 4: 156 11:174 Goldwasser, Edwin 2: 88; 9: 74

n. 3; 10: 341 Godziszewski, Antoni 3: 251 n. 48

Gilewicz, Juliusz 1:218-19,222 Goebbels, Joseph 5:81, 83,87, Golenstadt, Y. 7:271

Gilinski, Shlomo 9: 73, 74 90, 93 Golinski, M. A.J. 5:364 n. 47, 76 Goering, Hermann 5: 78-9, Golnik, Chaim 6: 114

Gilman, Sander 9: 256-8, 86-7; 8: 262, 269; 11:306 | Golovinsky, Matvey 11:174

264-8 Goetel, F. 4: 184 Golsztejn, A. 5: 365

Ginzberg, Asher, seeAhad Goetel, W. 4: 252 Goluchowski, Count Agenor

Ha’am Gojski, J6zef 4: 248-9 10: 323, 330; 12: 87, 124

Ginzburg, Ber, of Brody Golczewski, Frank 1: 167,169; Gombrowicz, Witold 7: 297

10: 202 2: 68-9; 4: 427; 8: 10 n. 10

Ginzburg, David 11: 202 Gold, Ben-Zion 11:5n.8 Gomulicki, Witold 8: 290,

Ginzburg, Ilia 6: 224 Goldberg, Emmanuel 5: 466 296 Gisenbach, Reimar 4: 463-4 Goldberg, Jacob 3:359; 4:35, | Gomutka, Wladyslaw 6: 324;

Giterman, Yitskhak 3: 14; 482-3; 5: 122; 9: 135, 232; 9: 165 n. 27, 167, 178

9:74 n. 48 10: xxxii-xxxili, 382 Goralczyk, Kazimierz, see

Gitler-Barski, J6zef 4:450,452 Goldberg, Olga 5:361 Anczyc, Wtadystaw

diary of Bergen-Belsen Goldberg, Samuel Aronowicz —Gorchakov, Alexander 5: 209

4: 450-1 7: 125 Gordis, Robert 1: 260, 263 2: 251-2, 263 n. 30 Gordon, Aaron 10:208

Glabiniski, Stanistaw Goldberg, Wladyslaw 1: 128 Gordon, A. D. 9:196n. 1

Gladysz, Izabela 9: 235 Goldberg-Mulkiewicz, Olga Gordon, Abraham 9: 11 Glaser, Regina, autobiography 4: 111, 485-6; 8: 411-12 Gordon, David 1:93; 5: 222,

8: 47-8, 51 Goldenberg, Grigorii 12: 346 237

Glatshteyn, Hilary-Hillel Goldfaden, Abraham 3: 146; Gordon, Eliezer, see Eliezer

3: 147 11: 335-6 Gordon of Telz

Glemp, Cardinal J6zef 9:300 Goldfeder, Adolf 7: 205 Gordon, Ester and Elzbieta

Glicenstein, Henryk 6: 223 Goldfeder, Bronistaw 12: 212 9:3

Glicka, Esther 11:65 n.1 Gordon, Ewa 9:3

Glik, Hirsh 9: 111 n. 12 Goldfeder, Maksymilian Gordon, Hayyim 9:129n.95

Gliksman, Jerzy 4: 161; 9: 126 6: 33-4 Gordon, Maks 6: 163-4

n. 76 Goldflam, S. 9:52 Gordon, Yehuda Leib 1:60,

Glikson, Paul 8: 177 Goldhaar, Michal 11: 347 84, 88; 3: 145-6; 4: 58; Glinski, Kazimierz 11: 335 Goldhagen, Daniel Jonah 5: 239, 408-11

Gliwic, Hipolit 2: 75-6 11: 303, 307-8 Gordon, Yekutiel 10: 209

Globke, Hans 8: 258 Goldkorn, Wtodzimierz Gorecki, Juliusz 4: 248, 252

Glowacz, Bozena 9: 235 2: 398-9 Gorecki, S. 5: 196 , Gliicksberg, Natan 3:28;5:377 Goldman, Anita 3: 249 G6érewicz, G. 9:4

Glueckel of Hameln 1:59 Goldman, Bernard 12:118n. G6ring, Hermann, see Goering

Gluzinski, Tadeusz 2:311, 80 Gorka, Olgierd 4: 249-50, 252; 314, 316, 319; 12: 280 Goldschmidt, Abraham Meir 7: 271

Gnatowski, M. 4: 486 11: 113, 120 Gorska, Andrzeja 3: 246, 269 Gniewosz, Wtodzimierz Goldschmidt, Henryk, see Gorski, Konrad 2: 261

12:89, 117 Korczak, Janusz Gorzata, J. 4: 484

Gninski, Jan 10:25 Goldsmid, Francis 5:199, 201, Goskind, Saul and Isaac

Gobineau, Joseph Arthur 206 11: 359-60

8: 134 Goldsmid, Frederick 5: 199 Gotlieb, Henryk 6: 223, 226

Godlewska, Eugenia 9:96 Goldstand, Zofia 5:381 Gottlieb, Heinrich 12: 112 Godlewski, Marceli 2: 357; Goldstein, Bernard 9: 65; n. 48, 117

3: 251 10: 270 Gottlieb, Leopold 7: 323

Index of Persons 59 Gottlieb, Maurycy 7:318-19; | Grodzenski, R. Hayyim Ozer Grynszpan, Jechiel 9: 145

10: 399-400 9:116n. 26 Grynszpan family 8: 266,

Gottlober, Abraham Ber 1:51, Grodziski, Stanislaw 10: 382 270-5, 276-8 53, 55, 57,65 n. 22, 83-4, Groedl family 12: 130 Grytzhendler, Simon 11:114,

152; 3: 146 Grohman family 6: 49 116

Der dektukh 10: 284 n. 36 Ludwik Grohman 6:58 Grzegorzak, Leon 9:97, 105

Gowers, Ernest 2: 41 Groll, Michal 3:68 Grzywacz, Barukh 11:219-22 Grabowski, Albin 9: 86 Gros, Moyshe 12:175 Grzywacz, Jézef,

Grabowski, Andrzej 7:318 Gross, Adolf 7: 137; 12:20, 94 autobiography 8: 262,

Grabowski, J. 4: 180, 191 Gross, Jan Tomasz 2: 268, 270-5

Grabowski, Michal 4: 70; 399-400, 402; 4:215,217, Grzywacz, Nakhum 3:12

7: 326 240; 7: 278; 10: 352 Giidemann, Moritz 11: 142

Grabowski, Wojciech 7:318 Gross, Nathan 12: 169 n. 22 Guenzburg, Mordecai Aaron Grabowski, Zbigniew 12:290 Grosser, Bronistaw 3: 132; 1: 49, 53, 56, 60, 65 n. 22,

Grabski, Wiadystaw 8: 122-3 8: 251-2, 253; 9: 49, 53 66 n. 54 Grade, Chaim 8: 415 Grossman, Henryk 9: 24; Guldon, Zenon 4: 483;

Gradowski, Zalman 10: 339, 12: 85 10: xxxiv

342 Grossman, Wilhelm 5:445-6 Gumplowicz, Abraham

Graetz, Heinrich 1: 153-4; Grostal, Leon 11:347 11: 329, 332

2: 164; 6: 272; 8:133n.6; _Grostern, Stefan 8: 188 Gumplowicz, Ludwig 3:119;

10: 290-1, 317; 11:49 Grosz, Bandi 11:300 11: 331-4; 12: 73-8

Graetz, Michael 3: 384 Grotius, Hugo 10: 116, 137 Gumplowicz, Max Ernst

Gralewski, J. 4: 182 Grot-Rowecki, Gen. Stefan 11:332-4

Graml, Hermann 11:305 2: 351-2, 397, 399, 401; Gumplowicz, Wiadystaw

Gran, Wiera 7: 203-5 4: 339; 8: 85; 9: 157 11: 332

Granat, W. 8: 166—8 Grott, Bogumil 1: 293 Gunzberg, Mordecai 10:41

Graus, FrantriSek 9: 271 Grottger, Artur 7: 323 n.4

Graves, Philip 11: 174 Grotum, Tomas 11:353 Gunzburg, Baron Alexandre

Greenberg, Irving 10:363 Groza, Aleksander 7: 326 de 2:28

Greenberg, Leopold 2:30,32 Griinbaum, Itzhak 1: 164; Gurovich, M.S. 1:110n. 24 Greenberg, Louis 1:96, 102-3, 2:54, 55, 76, 79-80, 221, Gurowski, Adam 7:38

108 228, 246, 250, 271, 285, Gustloff, Wilhelm 5: 75-6

Greenberg, Uri Zevi 2: 230; 301, 303-8; 4: 394, 429; Guszakiewicz, Father 12: 124 3: 152; 6: 227; 10: 284; 5: 123, 143, 159-60; 8: 4, Gutentag, Zofia 6: 226

12: 176 118, 119, 144, 219; 9: 68 Guterman, Aaron Menahem

Gregorowicz, Jan Kanty 2: 212 n. 34, 79-81; 11: 122,314 Mendel (rebbe of Gregory, John Duncan 2:39 Griinberg, Leon 11: 134 Radzymin) 11: xviii, 62-5

Grenda, Ligoria 3: 265 Griinwald, Max 7:93 erection of screen at

Grendyszynski, Ludomir 9:51 Gruszecki, Artur 4:79-81 Western Wall 11:64

Grey, Sir Edward 2: 12 Gruszka, Sylwester 2:75, writings 11: 64-5

Gries, Zeev 10:345 82-3, 87-8 Guterman, Alexander 9: 280 Grimm, Friedrich 8:273-4 Gruzenberg, Oskar, memoirs | Guterman, Jacob Aryeh 11:62

Grin, Yerakhmiel 6: 239 1: 369-70 Guterman, Solomon Joshua

Grinberg, Daniel 9: 232 Grydzewski, Mieczystaw 8:77 David 11:62 Grinblat, Roza 6:96 Gryglewski, Aleksander 7:327 Guterman family 3:172 Grinfeld, Jacob Meshullam Grynberg, Henryk 2: 378; Gutman, Yisrael 2: 337-42,

10: 51 n. 38 6: 303; 7: 302, 305; 8: 393, 344—5, 347-8, 350-1;

Gringauz, Samuel 11: 226 394-5; 9: 234; 10: 396; 4: 238; 8: 4, 8, 374; Grobicki, Colonel 2:71 n. 24 11: 377, 387, 390; 12: 286 9: 213-15, 225, 227, 280,

Grocholski, Count 7: 172 writings 7: 176-91 303; 10: 339-40; 11: 184, Grocholski, Stanistaw 7:317, | Grynszpan, Herschel 3: 8; 190, 353

327 5: 74-5, 85, 108; 8: 266, Gutmann, Baron Wilhelm

Grochowska, Alicja 11:386 270-5, 276-8 Ritter von 12: 150

60 Index of Persons Gutnajer, Abe 7: 230 Halecki, Oscar 8:9 Hartglas, Maximilian Meir Gutsztat, Abram Majer 6:113 Halevi, David ben Samuel Apolinary 3: 132, 183;

Guttenplan, Aleksander, 1: 23, 25n.8 4: 160; 8: 122, 123 n. 24, autobiography 8:54 Halevi, Eliezer ben Joel, see 124, 283; 9: 202 n. 34, 214

Guttman, Joseph 10: 383-4 Ravyah n. 6; 11: 122-3

Guttman, Samuel Wolf Halevy, Mordecai 11:25n.1 Harusewicz, Mieczystaw

11:144-9 _ Halivni, David Weiss 11:43 2: 311, 313-15, 317 Gwiazdowski, Tadeusz 3: 277, n. 40 Has, Wojciech Jerzy 2:362-3

281-2 Hall, Aleksander 5:470 Hasdai ibn Shaprut of

Gwiazdowicz, Kazimierz Haller, General 8:23 Cordova 3: 335-6

9: 168 n. 36, 304 Halpern, Isaac 11: 140, 142, 144 on 10th-c. Poland 4:392 Halpern, Israel 1:19; 9: 187; Hasek, Jaroslav 12:25

H 11: 48 Hasidah, S. 10:305n. 51

Halpern, Leopold 8: 224-5 Hauke-Nowak, Aleksander

Haberer, Erich 12:345-7 Halpern, Moshe Leib 1:331; 6: 204; 9: 85

Haberko, Piotr, memoirs 8:76 12: 171 n.28 Hausner, Bernard 11: 145-6

n. 44, 82 Halpert family 5:381 Hausner, Gideon 11: 146

Habermas, Jiirgen 11: 294 Halter, Mordkhe 1: 185, 188 n. 47 Hacket, Amy 10: 342 Hamann, Matthias 4: 465 Hayim Abram of Kutno Hackett, David 11:310 Hamburski, Elchanan Jaké6b 11: 219

Haecker, Emil 8: 84; 9: 20 6: 110 Hayyim ben Bezalel of

Haerzberg-Fraenkel, Leo Hamburski, Emanuel Friedburg 10: 85-9, 90,

1: 85-94 passim 6: 109-12, 123 : 93 Hakohen 6: 110-13, 123 Zamosé 10: xxxii

Hafets Hayim, seeIsrael Meir | Hamburski, Mendel Hayyim Haike ben Aharon of

4: 160 6: 110 31]

Hafftka, Aleksander 2: 81-2; Hamburski, Moshe (Mojzesz) Hayyim Or Zaru’a 10: 307,

Hager, Eliezer 11:11 Hamburski, Szaja 6: 110 Hazan, Abraham ben

Hager, Israel 11:11 Hamill, Pete 11: 204 Nahman 11:48

Hahn, Ludwig 1: 320 Hanak, Peter 10:369;11:283 Headlam-Morley, James W.

Hahnemann, Samuel 11:57 Hancock, P. P. 7: 165 2: 19, 23, 25, 29, 39;

Haim of Volozhin 2: 158 Handelsman, Marceli 3: 203; 5: 312-13, 323-4; 8: 16,

1:4 8: 423-4 n. 90, 39

Hakohen, Jehuda ben Meir 4: 159-60, 450; 7: 261; 25-6, 29-30, 33-4, 37, 38 Hakohen, Naphtali 11:27 Handelsman, SuraChana172 Heim, Susanne 4: 465

Hakohen, Shabbetai 4: 32, 34 n.65 Heine, Heinrich 4: 95;

Halberstam, Ben-Zion Handvogel, Ignacy 5: 199; 9: 267

(1874-1941), Bobower 7:45 Heinzel family 6:49

rebbe 11:9 Haneman, Jan 9: 89-90 Juliusz Heinzel 6:58

Halberstam, Ben-Zion, sonof ha-Nesia, Moshe ben Yitzhak Held, Adolf 9:75, 78n.61

present Bobower rebbe 1:4 Helene, Princess von Isenburg — 11:70-1 Hankeivich, Mikolay 12:95 5: 445

Halberstam, HayimbenArie — Hankey, RobinA. 7:164,168 — Heller, Bernard 3: 442

Leibush, Sanzer rebbe Hanover, Nathan Note 1:20, Heller, Celia 8: xvi-xvii, 331

11: 67, 69, 71, 75 334; 2: 168, 171; 3: 207; Heller, Eleazar 6: 187 onsmoking 11: 28-9 4: 33, 44, 391, 395;5:178; Heller, Yom Tov Lipmann

and yeshivas 11:3-4 10: 121, 397 1:20; 12:7

Halberstam, Solomon Hapstein, Israel 5:7 Megilateivah 10:351

(1847-1905) 11:9 Harasz, Antoni 9:92 Helser, Heinrich von 9: 273

Halberstam, Solomon Harf, Marta 3: 264 Heman, Carl Friedrich (1908— ), Bobower rebbe — Harkavi, Albert (Abraham 11: 349

11: 68-72, 74, 76 Elijah) 1:4; 10: 281 Hemar, Marian 6: 260-1

Index of Persons 61 Henderson, Ian L. 7: 165 Heymann, Daniéle 10: 240 Hochberg- Mariariska,

Henikh of Olesko 11:28 Hezekiah ben Jacob of Miriam, see Peleg-

Henriques, A. 5: 199 Magdeburg 10: 296-7, Marianska, Miriam

Herberg, Will 9: xix 303,315 n. 85 Hodes, Ludwig 9:78 : Herbst, E. 6:45 Higham, John 11:210 Hoeschel ben Yosef, Joshua Herc, Jakub 10: 125, 127 Hilberg, Raul 2: 398; 4: 324-5; 1:33

Hercman, Juda 6:96 10: 340; 11: 300-1, 356 Hoffmann, Jakub 5:5 Herman, Joseph 9: 188 n. 38 Hilfstein, Chaim 7: 140 Hofle, Herman 1:320; Hernisz, Stanistaw 3: 111; Hillel ben Ze’ev-Wolf 2: 156 7: 226-7, 231-2, 237, 240

5: 196 Hilo, Isaac 10: 308 n. 63 Hofmeister, Wernfried 9: 273

Herrera, Abraham Kohn de Himmler, Heinrich 11: Hoge, Stanislaw 10: 278-9

11: 42 299-300, 305-6, 308,362 Holcgreber, Jan 9:86n. 41

Herszkowicz, Mojsze 9:98 and Auschwitz 1: 212-14 Hollaenderski, Leon 5: 198,

Hertz, Alexander 1: 145; deportation of Poles 5: 85; 212-14; 6: 164; 9: 100;

2: 199, 202, 212; 8: 393 8: 264, 269 7: 35, 41, 43, 45, 54 n. 63,

Hertz, Deborah 10:378 and propaganda 4: 305, 464 55 n. 73, 327, 331 Hertz, Jacob Sholem 3: 207-8; Hindes, M. 9:125n. 74 Hollender, Tadeusz 4: 346

8: 4, 8; 9:67 n. 33 Hirsch, Baron de 2:8 Holman, H.C. 9:55

Hertz, Jakub 6:68, 75, 163-4 Hirsch, Samuel 11: 132 Holmes, Colin 1:305 Hertz, Mojzesz 6:59 Hirschfeld, Magnus 5: 108 Holowinski, I. 2: 202, 204;

Hertz, Pawel 1:205; 5:17; Hirshovitz, Abraham Samuel 4:71

6:58 11:15 Holéwko, Tadeusz 2: 79-80; 12: 129 11: 195 Holst, Ludolf 2: 406

Hertz-Bernstein, Jakub Hirshowitz, Abraham E. 3: 345-6; 4: 167

Herz, Markus 7:19 Hirszberg, Jozef 6: 163 Holsten, H. 10: 121

Herzl, Theodor 5: 162; Hirszberg, Lejbus 3: 223 Holuj, Tadeusz 1: 222 11: 333; 12:94, 150 Hirszenberg, Samuel 7:319, Holzer, Jerzy 1: 295-6; 8: xix;

assimilated background 324; 10: 400 9: 235; 10: 361

1: 137 Hirszfeld, Ludwik 2:352,357 | Homberg, Naphtali Herz on Polish Zionists: memoirs 8:71, 74, 75, 83 11: 130; 12: 80, 165 5: 116-18, 122-3, 126-7 Hirszhorn, Samuel 2: 221, Homecki, A. 5:361

and settlement in Palestine 228; 3: 132 H6nigsmann, Oswald 12:117 1: 93; 8: 144 Hirszowicz, Abraham. Hoppe, Jan 7: 157; 8: 256 Zeitlin’s attitude towards 10: 13-16, 27 Horain, Deputy 1:37 11: 78, 80, 83 n. 28,91 | Hitler, Adolf 9:56 Horbatsch, Anna-Halja

Herzog, Joel L. 11: 195 attitude towards Ostjuden 10: 361

Herzog, Yitshak Halevi 5: 75-102 Horn, Maurycy 7:315; 2: 297,302 n.5 German view of 4: 467-9 10: 100, 205

Heschel, Abraham Joshua and Nazi policies 8: 269, Horodetzky, S.A. 10: 193-6,

4: 130; 8: 410-11; 287, 398-401 198

11: xx—xxi speech at Nuremberg in Horodyski, Count Jan Marie

Heschel, Judah Leib ben 1923 5: 60-1 de 2:41

Joshua, Milhamah see also General Index: Horowitz, Abraham Jacob

beshalom 10:351 Nazism Halevi (Gaon of

Hess, Moses 3: 386-9; 5: 141, Hizowa, Emilia 4: 252 Probuzna) 11:10 237; 9: 266; 11: 37 Htasko, Marek 12: 366 Horowitz, Aryeh Leib 11:10 Hetnal, J. 8: 162, 173 Hlond, Cardinal Augustus Horowitz, Ber 12: 175, 176

Heurich, J. 2: 190 2: 274-6; 4: 252-3; 8: 170; n. 46

Heydecker, Joe J. 5:386 11: 191, 266, 276 Horowitz, David 12:11

Heydrich, Reinhard 5: 90-1, Hoberman, Jim 10: 233 Horowitz, Gordon 11:308-9 448-9; 8: 255, 263-4, Hochberg, Saul G. 6: 107-8, Horowitz, Irving Louis 11: 356

269-70; 11: 305-6 115 Horowitz, Isaac 11: 194

62 Index of Persons Horowitz, Isaiah 12:7 I Israel of Ruzhin 29-30, 63 Horowitz, Jacob Isaac (Seer of Israel Shalom 11: of Lubart6w Lublin) 10: 344; 11:26, Ibn Latif, Abraham Isaac 10: 191

38 n. 25, 40 n. 31, 62 11:49 Israeli, Pinchas 11: 200 Horowitz, Leah 10:42n.8,49 Idel, Moshe 10: 310,316 Isserlein, Israel 10:60 n. 62

n. 33, 63-4 Igel, Eleazar 11: 139 Isserles, Rabbi Moses (Rema,

Horowitz, Maksymilian Iggers, Wilma Abeles Remu) 1: 20-1, 24; 4: 28;

(H. Walecki) 9:12, 23 12: 349-50 5: 396; 7: 198; 12: 7

Horowitz, Markus, Ihr, Daniel 2: 232 Darkhei moshe 10: 70-3, 96 autobiography 8:61 Imber, Shmul Yakov on polygamy 10:66, 70-4, Horowitz, Rabbi Naftali Tsevi 12: 170-1, 175 76, 80, 81 n. 75, 82-4 of Ropczyce 10:307 n. Innitzer, Cardinal Theodor and Shulhan arukh 10:52,

60, 345-6 11: 244 71, 73, 81, 83-4, 93, 96-8

Horowitz, Pinchas Halevi (of Innocent IV, see General Index Torah ha’olah 10: 95-6

Radzyn) 11:9 under ritual murder Torah hatat 10: 86-8, 93-6

Horowitz, Samuel 12: 129 Irwin-Zarecka, Iwona 9: 296 Iwanicki, Romuald, see Horowitz, Solomon 11: 194 Isaac Ben-Eliakim, Sefer lev Kalinowski, J6zef

Horowitz family 7:270 tov 10:47n. 28 Iwaszkiewicz, Jarostaw 8:77,

Horthy, Miklos 11: 286 Isaac of Breslau 10: 312 85; 12: 288

Horwitz, Max 12: 259 Isaac of Chernigov 10:310 —_Izrael of Zamosé 10:211

Horwitz, Zygmunt, Isaac ben R. Dorbelo 10: 288 autobiography 8:52 Isaac ben R. Ezekiel of Russia H6ss, Rudolf 1:212-13, 222-3 10: 312 J

Hotsh, Tsevi Hirsch 10:44 Isaac ben Judah 10: 300 Jabet, George 9: 265 House, Colonel 8: 28 Isaac Kalish of Warka 11:62, | Jablonowski, Jan Stanislaw Howard, Sir Esmé 8: 24, 25, 32 217-18, 220-1, 224, 226 1:38

Hrabyk, K. 4: 190 Isaac Kotsker 11:46 Jablonowski, Roman 8: 72 Hrushevsky, Mykhailo 12:37 Isaac ben Meir of Berdichev, | n. 26

n. 27, 92 Rabbi 5: 401 Jabotinsky, Vladimir (Ze’ ev)

Hryniewiczowa, Zofia 4:252 Isaac ben Mordecai, see Ribam 2: 112; 4: 211; 8:5, 10, 219

Hsia, Po-chia 10: 104 Isaac of Moriat 10: 310 n. 52; 9: 67, 123 n. 62, 252; Hube, Romuald 2: 121-3 Isaac ben Moses, see Or Zarua, 10: 410

Hubicki, S. 10: 104, 109 Isaac compared with Pitsudski

Hubka, Thomas Isaac ben Nahman 5: 167

10: xxxii—Xxxxill (Nachmanovitz) 12:9 and the Poles 5: 156-72

Hiibner, Zygmunt 8: 118 Isaac of Neskhiv 11:28 n. 25 talks with Polish

_ Hudson, Manley 8: 28 Isaac of Poland 10: 309-10 government on

Hulanicki, Witold 5: 167-8 Isaacs, Harry A. 5: 199 emigration to Palestine

Hulewicz, Jan 2:310 Isaakowich, Nahman 3: 276-94

Hull, Cordell 2:86 11: 128-9 Jackan, Samuel Jacob 2: 242 Humboldt, Wilhelm von Isaiah di Trani 10: 303, 305 n. 64; 8: 188; 9: 47-8

11: 289 Isaievych, Iaroslav 10: 162 Jackowicz-Korczynski, J.

Hunczak, Professor 8: 403 Ish-Hurwitz, Shai 1: 158 5: 362

Hundert, Gershon D. 1: 19; Israel, Rabbi, of the land of Jackowski, Aleksander 8: 410

2: 406; 3: 79; 10: 150, 345, Poland 10:312-13 Jacob, Jack 9: xvii

382 Israel ben Eliezer, see Ba’al Jacob Isaac ben Asher (of

Huppauf, Bernd 5: 428 Shem Tov Przysucha; the Holy Jew)

Hurwicz, Cywia 6:96 Israel of Kozienice 10:345 5: 8; 10: 313; 11: 38-9

Hurwicz, Hyam 10: 203 Israel of Lublin 10:75,89-90 Jacob Israel of Kremenets 1:20 Hurwicz, Zalkind 10:206,216 Israel Meir Hakohen (Hafets Jacob Joseph of Polonne

Hurwitz, Pinhas Elijah 10: 213 Hayim) 11:21n.65 (Polnoye) 4:37; 10: 186; Hynd, John B. 7: 166 Israel ben Mordecai 10: 161 12: 299, 301, 303, 305

Index of Persons 63 Jacob Moses Safrin of Janicki, Jerzy 11: 127 Jellinek, Adolf 11: 120, 141-2 Komarno 11:64 Janion, Maria 9: 234; 10: 227 Jelski, Rabbi Israel, see Yelski,

Jacob ben Nahman of Jankowski, Stanistaw 5:51, Israel

Magdeburg 10:315 53; 6: 300 Jenicz, Andrzej 2: 278 Jacob ben Solomon of 5: 214; 7: 35; 9: 94 83-5

Jacob of Orléans 10:299-300 Janowski, Jan Nepomucen Jerzmonowski, Jerzy 8:73,

Courson 10: 297 Januszkiewicz, Eugeniusz Jeske-Choinski, Teodor 4:79,

Jacob Svara of Krak6w 11: 272, 274 81, 94—6; 11: 335; 12: 251 10: 293-301, 310 Jarocinski family 6:50 Jeuschsohn, B. (Moshe

Jacobs, Joseph 7:92 Jaross, Andor 11: 286 Bunem Justman) 11:113 Jacobson, Israel 11: 131 Jarosz, Dariusz 2: 249 Jez, M. 11: 264

Jacobson, Victor 5: 114, 121 Jaroszewicz, Jan 3: 250 Jez, Teodor Tomasz 1: 70; Jadacki, Jacek J. 11: 350-1 Jaruzelski, Gen. Wojciech 2: 202, 211; 4: 71, 77

Jadczak, R. 11:350 11: 320 Jezierski, Andrzej 11: 337-8 Jaeger, Ignacy 11: 151 statement on antisemitic Jezierski, Jacek 1:43; 3: 52-3,

Jaffe, Mordecai, see Ba’al campaign of 1967-8 80, 87,95

Halevushim 3: 315-16 Jezierski, Stanislaw 9:92

JagieHo, Eugeniusz 3: 181; Jasieniski, Stefan 1: 223 Jeziorowski, Kazimierz 9:39 6: 103, 328; 8: 390, 391; Jasinowski, Israel 3: 172, 176 Jochelson, W. 9:4 9: 45, 49-50, 52 n. 10, 54; Jasinowski, J. 5: 115, 117, Joel, Aleksander 6: 162, 164

12: 256 120-5, 127 Joel Halevi 10: 289-90

JagieHo, Wiadystaw 2: 99; Jasiriska-Kania, Aleksandra Jogiches, Leon Jian Tyszka)

10: 111-12, 403 9: 232 9: 3, 8-10

Jagielski, Jan 9: 232 Jaspers, Karl 11: 287-8, 294, Johanan Twersky of

Jakobovits, Chief Rabbi 309 Rotmistrovka 11:63 Immanuel, on Holocaust Jaster, Stanistaw 1:218 Johnpoll, Bernard K. 9:81

4: 239 Jastrow, Marcus Mordecai Johnson, Paul 4: 393-4, Jakobson, Roman 4:8 2: 105; 3: 116-17; 11:45 398-9 Jakowicki, Wiadyslaw 2: 259 n. 46, 113 Joly, Maurice 11: 174

Jakub ben Naftali of Gniezno Jastrun, Mieczystaw 1: 197; Jonca, Karol 3: 359; 5: 365;

10: 121-5 2: 232; 7:57 8: xx

Jakubowicz, Chaim 350 Jastrzebowski, Jerzy 3: 294 Joselewicz, Berek 3: 104; Jakubowicz, Czestaw 4:480-1 Jastrzebska, Halina 11:351-4 4: 394; 7: 322; 10: 204;

Jakubowiczowa, Judyta 3:107 Jastrzebska, Nonna 3: 262 11:314, 335 Jakubowska, Hanna, Jaszczuk, Andrzej 4: 88, 94 Joseph II, Emperor:

autobiography 8:64 Jaszunski, Ignacy 6: 163 and Edict of Toleration Jakubowska, Wanda 2:365-6 Jaworska, Maria 9: 105 10: 217, 354, 382 Jakubowski, ChanaandJosek Jaworski, Wojciech 5: 365; and the Jews 11:35, 130

9: 160 9: 235 see also General Index

Jakubowski, Sylwian 2: 209 Jedlicki, Jerzy 11: 326 under Galicia Jalbrzykowski, Archbishop Jedlicki, Witold 9: 170-1 Joseph, Jacob 11: 195-6, | Romuald 2: 291, 293 Jedlicki, Wolf 11: 166 198-9, 204, 214 n. 90 Jameson, Fredric 10: 232 Jedrzejowski, Bolestaw Antoni Joseph, Jerahmiel Israel

Jan Kazimierz, king of Poland 12: 260, 264 11:14

4:33 Jeggle, Utz 11:339 Joseph di Sigora 10: 306-7

Jan Olbracht I, King 2: 138 Jehiel Michael of Zloczew, see Joseph ben Yehuda Leib

n. 28 Yehiel Mickal of Zolochiv 10: 161

Jan of Praga 5:215 Jehiel of Paris, Rabbi 10: 295 Jost, Heinrich 5: 387

Jan Sobieski, king of Poland n.25 J6zewski, Henryk 3:346

10: 205 Jelenski, Jan 3: 156; 4: 89-97, J6zwiak, Franciszek 9: 168

Janasz, Aleksander 5:381 123 n. 19; 12: 251 J6zwiak, Stanistaw 2:314, 317, Janczewski, Adam 10:113 Jelerniski, Konstanty 11:321 319; 8: 379

64 Index of Persons Jucewicz, Ludwik 4: 133 Kahn, Abraham 9:74 Kartowicz, Jan 7:94 Judah, Sir Leon 10: 296 Kahn, Albert 11: 179 Karo, Yechezkiel 7: 270 Judah Hakohen, and early Kahn, Bernard 9:72, 74, 77 Karpff, Robert 11: 164 Jewish settlement in Kahr, Gustav von 5: 59-62, Karpinski, Jakub 2: 392, 399

Poland 10: 287-8, 295 65-8 Karski, Jan 2: 402 n. 5; 4: 383;

n. 25, 297-8, 310 Kainer, Abel 4: 245; 9: 303 8: 430; 10: 411-12; 11: 297 Judah Hehasid 10: 288-9,292 Kakol, Kazimierz 3: 296, 301 report of 1940 1: 273-4; n. 16, 296, 299-300, 301 Kakowski, Cardinal 8: 130-1 2: 377, 399; 4: 204-9;

n. 40, 310, 312, 314-16 Kalaher, Aron 10: 209 11: 190 Judah Leib, the Magid of Kalaher, Mendel 10: 209 report of 1942-3 1:300; Polonne 12: 301 Kalicinski, Zdzislaw, memoirs 4: 297, 356; 7: 238; 8: 360, Judah Loew ben Bezalel of 8: 69 n. 12, 76, 81-2 368, 370; 11: 190; 12: 194 Prague, see Maharal Kalinowski, J6zef (Romuald and Shoah 2:395-6

Jung, Leo 11: 192 Iwanicki) 9: 168 n. 36 Kartuska, Bereza 8:76 n. 45 Junosza (Szaniawski), Kalinowski, Mieczyslaw 9:86 Kasman, Leon 11:376-7

Klemens 1: 76-7, 138, nal Kasprowicz, Jan 12:366 142, 146; 2:419;3:147-8; Kalischer, Zevi Hirsch 5:237; Kassman, Abram Baruch

4:63, 79-81, 131-2, 11:37 6: 108-11

134—5; 10: 276-7, 279 Kallir, Nathan 12:117, 129 Kasteliash, Yehiel 10:73

Jurczak, J.G. 4: 186, 189 ‘Kallos’, autobiography 8:47 n. 38 Jurkiewicz, Piotr 10: 114 Kalmanovitch, Zelig 1: 333; Kasztner, Rudolf 11: 300

Justman, Moshe Bunem, see 9: 124 n. 67 Kaszubinski, Bazyli 3: 86, Jeuschsohn, B. Kalmanson, Jakub 10: 4, 10, 90-1, 93-4, 97

12, 14-15, 207 Kate, Abraham ben Alexander

K Kalonimos ben Sabtaj 1:4 12: 342 Kalstein, Pinkus 6:96 Katkov, Mikhail Nikoforovich Kabir (Indian poet) 1: 258 Kaluzynski, Zygmunt 10: 226 1: 96, 102-3, 105-7, 109 Kaczerginski, Szmerke 9:114 Kaminer, Isaac 1:52; 9: 3-4 n. 8; 5: 202 Kaczkowski, Zygmunt 2: 210 Kaminska, Ida 9: 234—5; Katsherginski, Sh. 6: 240

Kaczmarek, Czestaw 9: 166-7 12: 173 n. 35 Katsizne, Alter 1: 182

| Kaczynski, Zygmunt 8: 342 Kaminska, Maria, memoirs Katz, Jacob 3: 383-4; 4:35, 37; Kadish, Hermann 12: 173 8:69 n. 11, 70, 72 n. 27, 81 10: 5, 27-8, 300 Kael, Pauline 10: 223 n.5 Kaminski, Kazimierz 7: 328 Katz, Shlomo 9:115n. 20, 118

Kafka, Franz 2: 243 n. 74, Kamionka, J. 12:212n.1 n. 39, 130 n. 101 450-3; 9: 233, 288 Kamlhaar, David 6: 162 Katz, Steven 11: 303 Kagan, Israel Meir Hakohen Kanarek, Rachmiel 12: 131 Katznelson, Benjamin

(Hafets Hayim), seeIsrael Kandel, Dawid 5:9 6: 271-6

Meir Hakohen Kanfer, Mojzesz (Moyshe) Katznelson, Yitzhak 1:333,

Kaganoff, Nathan 11: 193 2: 230; 7: 140 401-2; 4: 240; 5: 54;

Kaganovski, Ephraim 1:180; | Kanowicz, Grigori 8: 113-14 6: 114-16, 226, 270-1,

3: 152; 7: 298 n. 12 Kant, Immanuel 10: 214 277-8; 7: 329; 8: 294-5;

Kahan, Arcadius 2: 405 Kapczynski, Waclaw 9:97 9: 221, 228; 10: 282 n. 31;

Kahan, Izrael 6: 114-16 Kaplan, Abraham 11: 144 11: 257

Kahan, Lazar Cohen Kaplan, Chaim Aharon, Kaufman, K. P. von 1:101, 104 6: 111-12, 114-16; memoirs of Warsaw Kaufman, Michael 4: 372, 388

9: 126 n. 76 ghetto 3:12 Kaufmann, Guta 9: 160

102 n. 22 59

Kahan, Marek 2:305 n. 2 Kaplan, Yosef 9: 222 Kaunitz-Rietberg, Prince

Kahan, Yehudah Leib 7: 88, Kaplansky, Salomon 12: 169 Wenzel Anton 12: 49-52,

Kahane, David 1:59; Karay, Felicja 11:361-5 Kausch, Johann Joseph

11: 152-3 Karcz, Jan 1:217-18 10:215 |

Kahane family 9: 161-2 Karczewski, Julian 7:317-18 § Kautsky, Karol 9: 16-17, 25, 37

Index of Persons 65 Kawalerowicz, Jerzy 2:364-5 —_ Kieslowski, Krzysztof 2:369 | Klibariska, Bronka 4: 486

Kazhdan, Chaim-Shlomo Kieszkowski, Feliks 9:92 Klikar, Kurt Aleksander 9:98

9: 73, 77 Kieval, Hillel 3: 384 Klimov, I. 9: 122 n. 55

Kazimierz III (the Great), king _ Kiliriski, Jan 5:213; 9:92 Klinger, Chaika 9: 196, 205-6,

of Poland 2: 117-19, King, Mackenzie 1:306 208

134—5; 4:393;10:403; — ‘Kiper, Maks 10: 252 Kloczowski, Jerzy 3: 360-1

12:6 Kipnis, Menahem 12: 182 Kiopotowski, J. 8: 130

see also General Index. Kirchheim, Leib, of Worms Ktosiewicz, Wiktor 9: 170, 179

Esterke story 10: 351 Kluger, Shlomo 11: 195-6 2: 117-21, 124, 134-5; 10: 253 11: 257

Kazimierz IV, king of Poland Kirszbaum, Israel-Dawid Klukowski, Zygmunt 4: 305;

10: 404 Kirszrot, Jan 2: 220; 3: 132; Knobel Fluek, Toby, memoirs

Kazmin, Stanistaw 5: 122 12:212n.1 8: 96, 98-9, 101

Kazuba, Stanislaw 1: 223 Kiryk, F. 10: 132 Knoll, Roman 4: 224, 225 n. Keeling, H. L. 5: 199 Kislanski, Zygmunt 11: 158 56; 9: 142 Kelles-Krauz, Kazimierz Kisslinger family 12: 130 Knor, Aleksander 9: 105 1: 122-3, 127 n. 25, 128 Kiszczak, Czestaw 4:318 Knox, Israel 11: 225 n. 29; 5: 256; 9: 22-4, 34; Kitowicz, Jan 2: 169-70, 176; Kobak, Joseph 11: 145

12: 257-70 10: 140 Kobielski, Franciszek 1: 40 12: 266-8 autobiography 8:64 7: 261; 9:65

on the Jewish Question Kittenplan, Wilhelm, Koc, Adam 2: 85; 5: 165; on Zionism 12: 263 Klaczko, Julian 1:197;2:205; | Kochan, Lionel 11:53

Kellner, Leon 12: 172 7: 326; 10: 392 Kochanowski, Jan 4:21 Kempner, Cecylia 8: 386-7 Klamerus, Wladystaw 5:52 Kochubei, Count 2: 157

Kempner, Rafa 9: 105 Klarman, Alter and Joseph Kock, Menahem Mendel of,

Kempner, Stanislaw 9:51 9:125 n. 74 see Morgenstern,

Kenig, Leo 6: 223 Klarman, Samuel 11: 134 Menahem Mendel Kenigsberg, Dovid 12:170-1, Klausner, Israel 3: 149 Kohane, Akive 5:55

175 Klausner, Joseph 8: 133 n.6 Kohen, Majer Izak 10: 202

Kennard, Howard 2:315 Klein, Dennis 4: 238 Kohen-Zedek, Joseph

Kepinski, Zdzistaw 7: 58-61 Klein, Jacob 11:29 12: 81-2

Keren, Nili 10: 341 Klein, Maria 3: 254, 270 Kohn, Abraham 1: 152; 12: 13, Kerensky, Alexander Kleinbaum, Mojzesz (Moyshe) 108 Feodorovich 11: 146 2: 228; 7: 263; 8: 296; Kohn, Albert 6: 217 Kerr, Phillip 2:44—5 9: 69 n. 36, 70, 125, 126 Kohn, Henryk Lucjan 7: 95,

Kersten, Krystyna 4: 244, 246; n. 76, 214n.6 103

7: 301; 8: 376 n. 28, 395; account of pogromin Vilna Kohn, Josef 12: 105-6, 108-9,

9: xvii, 170, 303; 11: 326 9: 134-5 112 n. 48, 114, 116-17 Keybote, Heinrich 8: 272 and the Haganah 2: 271 Kohn, M. 6: 101

Khartiner, Meir 10: 282 n. 31 and the Representationof | Kohn, Tobiasz 10: 209 Khmelnitsky, Melekh 12: 170, Polish Jewry 2: 273-5, Kohut, Alexander 4:38; 7:90

175-6 278-9, 282 Koidonover, Tsevi Hirsh

Khmelnytsky, Bogdan 4:393; Kleiner, Juliusz 5: 186-7; 10: 10, 204

12:38 7:271 Kav hayashar 10: 174

Kielbik, Fredzia 105-6 Klementynowski, Joshua Kokovtsov, Solomon 3: 336

Kiené¢, Bendykt 7: 264 Heschel 7: 123 Kolakowski, Leszek 9: 173, Kieniewicz, Stefan 4: 169; Klemperer, Victor 8:399 175-6; 12: 316-17 8: 421-2; 9: 280; 10: 328; Klepatenko, Adam 9: 113 Kolbe, Maksymilian Maria

11: 176 n.15 1: 212, 276; 4: 377

Kiernik, Wladyslaw 2: 250-1 Klepfisz, H. 10: 335 Kolischer, Henryk 12: 129 Kierstein, Adam 11:350 Klepfisz, Michat 5:54 Kolischer, Julius 12: 105,

Kies, Moses Izak 10: 202 Kley, Israel 11: 131 129

66 — Index of Persons Kolataj, Hugo 1: 42-4; 10:7 Korczak, Wincenty 5: 329, Kowalczyk, J6zef 8:72 n. 27

Komarnicki, Tytus 2:85 331-3 Kowal-Lipinski, J. 4: 191 Komarnicki, Waclaw 2: 255, Korfanty, Wojciech 8: 261 Kowalska, Irena 6: 300;

257 Kornacki, Jerzy 4: 252 11:371-5

Kon, Feliks 3: 172; 9: 6-7; Kornilov, I. 1: 101 Kowalska, Janka 3: 267 12: 140-1 Korn-Zulawski, Halina 8:68 Kowalski, A. F. 8: 161, 166

Kon, Hersz 6: 112 n.8 Kowalski, Kazimierz 2: 261;

Kon, J. 12:212n.1 Koropeckyj, Roman 9: 278-9 9:97

Kon, Maks 6:116n.3 Korpalska, Walentyna 2:65 Kozakiewicz, Jan 9:20 Kon, Mikhal 12: 174 Korsak, Witold 2: 276 Kozicki, Stanislaw 12: 279

. Kon, Uszer 1:317 Korytowski, Witold 12:98 Kozierowska, Urszula 9: 179 Konarski, Stanistaw 1: 40; Korzec, Pawel 4: 427; 8: xvi, 7, | Kozlovski, Motl 6: 239

2: 130-1; 5: 196 331 Koztowska, Halina 3: 262

Konarski, Szymon 7:37 memoirs of flight to Soviet | Koztowski, Jan 7: 271 Konczynski, J6zef 12: 225 Union 4: 208, 223 n. 14 Kozmian, Kajetan 10: 216 Koniar, Maurycy 3:114 Korzeniowski, J6zef 1: 68; Kozminska, Ewa 9: 234 Koniecpolski, Zygmunt Stefan ~ 2:201, 208-10; 4: 74-6, Kozniewski, Kazimierz

10: 113 101-2, 106, 109, 122 n. 12 12: 291-2

Konieczny, A. 5: 365 Kosciatkowski, Marian memoirs 8:87n. 101 Konieczny, Kazimierz 9: 168 4: 164; 7: 153 Kracauer, Siegfried 10: 228

n. 36 Koscielak, Mieczystaw Kraczkiewicz, Karol 8: 350-1 Koniuszko, Waclaw 7:317; 10: 343 Krahelska, Krystyna 2: 467 10: 400 Kosidowski, Z. 4: 419 Krajewska, Monika 5: 466-7;

Konopczyniski, Wladystaw Kosinski, Jerzy, and 8: 412

2: 250 Polish—Jewish relations Krajewski, Michat 4: 131

Konopnicka, Maria 1:93; 12: 284-94 Krajewski, Stanislaw 3: 301;

4: 78, 81, 418-19; 10: 390 Kosowski, Vladimir 9:59 5: 475; 8: 392-3, 412 Konwicki, Tadeusz 1: 267; Kossak, Juliusz 7: 322,327 Krakowski, Shmuel 4: 354-69;

4: 129, 137 Kossakowski, Stanistaw 2:51, 10: 340; 11: 353 Kook, Hillel (Peter Bergson) 60, 62-3 Krall, Hanna, memoirs of

1: 309 Kossak-Szczucka, Zofia wartime Warsaw

Kopczynski, Stanistaw 9:94 3: 264; 8: 154, 165-6; 2: 466-70; 4: 419; 6: 303;

Kopec, S. 4: 185 9: 141 7: 226; 8: 395; 11: 254-5, Kopyto, Sara, autobiography — Kostrzewski, Franciszek 258

8: 53—4, 60, 62-3 7: 327 Krall, Jan Ludwik 2: 468-9

Korber, Ursula 4: 464 Koszczyc, W. 1:70, 79 Kramsztyk, Izaak 3:115 Korboniski, Andrzej 10: 369 Kot, Stanistaw: Kranz, Jacob ben Wolf, see Korboniski, Stefan 2: 341; and government-in-exile Dubno Magid 4: 250; 8: 339-40, 362, 1: 273; 4: 225 n. 56; 8:336, Kranzler, David 1:309

364-6, 371 338, 344, 350,351,373n. Krapiriski, Jedrzej 10: 210 Korchak, Ruzka 9: 209 24, 374, 376; 12: 190, Krasicki, Ignacy 4: 26, 131;

Korczak, Janusz (Henryk 192-3 10: 16

, Goldschmidt) 3: 5-6; Kot Collection 2: 310-20 Krasiriski, Jan Kazimierz 1:37 5: 54; 6: 299, 319-23; 8: 78, meeting with Palestinian Krasinski, Zygmunt 3: 114; 173, 297; 10: 356; 12: 180 Jewry, 1942-3 2: 269-309 9: 189; 10: 391; 12: 365

deportation from Warsaw Kotarbinski, J6zef 7: 328 Krasnowski, Z. 8: 175 ghetto 7: 219-23, Kotarbinski, Tadeusz 7:261; | Kraszewski, Jé6zef Ignacy

243-50 8: 88 1: 68, 72-5; 2: 168, 201-2,

at Dror seminars 9: 221 Kotik, Yehezkel 1:52, 83 © 205, 207-12; 3: 116-17; editor of Maty Przeglad Kotula, Franciszek, memoirs 4: 71-6, 132-3; 5: 290;

2: 232; 10: 393 8: 69 n. 12, 73, 77, 87 7: 327; 10: 390; 11: 179;

ghetto diary 3:6; 4: 419 Kovner, Abba 9: 154, 230 12: 365

Index of Persons © 67 Kratke, Samuel 11: 228 Kubar, Zofia (Rubinstein), Kwasny, Z. 5:365 Kraushar, Aleksander 3: 119, memoirs of Warsaw Kwella, B. 4: 188 133, 201; 7:319; 10: 392 during the Holocaust Kwiatek, Bogdan 9: 233

Krauss, Friedrich Salomon 5: 456-8 Kwiatek, Jézef, see Wileriski, T.

7:91 Kubiakowa, Anna 5:41 Kwiatkowski, Edward,

Krausz, Juliusz 6: 164 Kubica, Helena 10: 341 memoirs 8:83

Krawchenko, Bohdan 8:402 —_Kubicki, Margareta and Kwiatkowski, Eugeniusz

Krawczyniska, Dorota 9: 234 Stanistaw 6: 227 8: 237

, Kreitman, Esther 8: 295 Kubina, Theodor 11: 348 Kwiatkowski, Michal 8: 379 Kremer, Arkady 1: 137; 9:3, Kublicki, Stanistaw 3:50-2,87 Kwieciriski, F. 9:92

10-11] Kuchar, Wactaw 9: xix

Krepl, Yona 12: 168 Kucharzewski, Jan 6: 328-9; L Krepowiecki, Tadeusz 3: 113 8: 22, 390-1; 9: 45, 48, 50,

Krieger, Friedrich Wilhelm 92 n. 10,53; 12: 255 La Fontaine, F. L. de

3-196 Kuczka, P. 8: 154, 163; 11: 265 10: 14-15, 22

12: 198-211 (8:86 10: 401

Krieger, Johann Anton Kudlinski, Tadeusz,memoirs —_ {4 Gourdaine, Jan Piotr de Krinsky, Carol Herselle 5:41 | Kukiel, Marian 2:50, 53, 64 Labecki, Antoni 3: 109

Krochmal, Nahman 11:132, Kula, Marcin 9: 234 LaCapra, Dominick 11:284

134; 12:81 Kulbak, M. 1: 183 Laczmariska, Anna 11:351—4

Krol, Khaim 6: 226 Kulezycki, Ludwik 9: 32-7, Eadnowski, Aleksander

Krol, Natan 6: 162 39-44 , 4: 113-14, 117

Kroélikowski, D. 5: 196 Kulczynski, Stanisiaw Lagiewski, M.A. M. 5:365

Kroélikowski, J. F. 2: 202 Kul : sa oy paar LaGuardia, Fiorello 7: 169

Kr6likowski, Ludwik 5:198, eos 6g Lajchter, Laja 10: 254 200 Kumaniecki, Karol 1:215,218 L@mport Samuel 2:88

Kronenberg, Leopold Kumaniecki Kazimierz , Landau, Alfred 12: 171 n.29 1: 134—5; 3: 29, 116, 118, 4-248 959-3 Landau, Rabbi Ezekiel ben 133, 168; 5: 378; 6:57, 332; pi Bela 9:56 11:242 Judah 10:83 n. 80, 208

7: 329; 12: 247 Kuna Henryk 6: 993 Landau, Jacob 2:89

Kronenberg, Samuel 3: 28, Kun cewi czowa, Maria 4:132 Landau, Joachim 12: 110,117

Ht , Kunert, Gunter 4: 440-1 Landau, Judah HH: 132

Kronenberg family 5: 381-2 Kunitzer, Juliusz 6:50, 58 Landau, Ludwik 2: 345, 347,

Kruczkowski, Bronistaw Kupfer, Ephraim (Franciszek) 3o3

9: 105 10: 287, 293, 296-8 Landau, Michael 5: 226

Kruczkowski, Leon 8:88 Kupsza, Stanislaw 9: 168 Landau, Moshe 4: 425-33;

Krupa, Maciej 8: 412 Kuranda, Ignaz 12: 105 8: xv

Krupka, Rysio 3: 249 Kurcjusz, Jerzy 2:313, 316 Landau, Saul Rafael 12: 168, Krusceniski, Salomea 12:45 Kurnikowski, Zdzistaw 1:316 169 n. 22, 174 Krysiniski, Aleksander 3:113 — Kyryluk, Wiadystaw 9:94 Landau, Szymon 12:212n.1

Kryszek, Michal 6: 113 Kushner, Tony 11:297-8 Landau, Yehezkel 1:51 Krzelczycki-Mrozek, KuSniewicz, Andrzej 4: 129, Landau, Zbigniew 8: xx

, Stanislaw 10:28 133, 138-9; 7: 274; 8:393 Landau-Czajka, Anna 8: xix

| 15 305-6 6: 34; 11: 164, 166

Krzepicki, Maurycy 12:14, Kutner, Yehiel 8: 299, 301-2, | Landau-Gutenteger, Gustaw Krzywicki, Ludwik 1:126n. Kutrzeba, Joseph 4: 299-300 Landauer, Gustav 9: 289 18, 148; 2: 257, 264; 3:179; Kutrzeba, Stanistaw 2: 124-5, Lande, Dawid 6: 34, 35

4: 159; 5: 105; 12: 45 n. 43, 131, 133-4 Landes, Nehemiasz 2: 211

28] Kutschera, Franz 3: 198 Landesberger, Maksymilian 391-2 Szkleniarz) 9: 168 n. 36, Landowski, Pawel 3: 119 Krzyzanowski, Julian 10: 224 304 Landsberg, Markus 2: 264 memoirs 8:70-1, 83,87-8, Kuznicki, Wiktor (Pawel 11: 134; 12: 117

68 Index of Persons Landsofer, Johan 10:83n.80 Lefin, Mendel 10: 212; 11:58 Leshchinsky, Yakov 6: 173,

Langbein, Hermann 1: 220-2; Lehman, Herbert 2: 76-7 177-8, 182, 186 10: 341; 11: 310, 352-3 Lehmann, Berend 10: 203 Leskiewicz, J. 10: 324, 331 Lange, Antoni 8: 124; 12: 233 Lehndorf, Erich Ahasuerus Lesko, Szolem 4: 120

Lange, I.S. 10: 299, 312 10: 214 Leskov, Nikolai S. 5: 411

Langer, Lawrence 12: 353-4 Leiner, Gershon Henoch Lesmian, Bolestaw 2: 232;

Langhans, K. F. 5: 48 11: xviii, 31-3, 38-52 7: 330; 8: 84, 297

Langiewicz, M. 5: 205 attempt to reconcile Lesmian, Julian 1: 197

Lanzmann, Claude 2: 370, Maimonides and Zohar LeSniak, F. 10: 132

392-6; 4: 238, 327-8, 11:32, 48-52 LeSniczak, Zygmunt 9:95

378-9 education 11: 42-3 Lesniewska, Pia 3: 246 see also General Index medical knowledge 11:33, Lesniewski, Gen. Jézef

under Holocaust: Shoah 42,52, 56 Krzysztof 1: 228-9, 231;

Lapowski, Samuel 2:77 messianism 11:32, 33, 2: 55-6

Laqueur, Walter 1: 307; 4: 340; 39-40, 46-52 Lessel, A. 3:30 8: 339, 340, 363 n. 13 and rediscovery of tekhelet —__Lessel, J. 2: 187

: Lasik, Aleksander 10: 341; 11: 46-7 Lesser, Aleksander 3: 119;

11: 353 writings of 11:32, 43-52 7: 322; 10: 400

Lasker, Eduard 12:110 Leiner, Hayim Simchah Lesser family 5: 382 Lasker, Samuel 11: 217, 220 11:40 nn. 29, 31 Lessing, Gotthold 10: 212 Lasker-Schuler, Elsa 10: 394 Leiner, Jacob 11: 40-3 Leszczak, M. 4: 486 Laski, Jan 2: 121-2, 124 Leiner, Mordecai Joseph (of Leszczynski, A. 4: 482

Laski family 5: 382 Izbica) 2: 416; 11: 32-3, Leszczynski, Yosef (Y.

Laskiewicz, Jan 10: 324, 331 41, 44-6 Chmurner) 9:59, 73 Laskowski, Kazimierz 4:80 rift with Menahem Mendel _Lesznowski, Antoni 3: 116

Laslett, P. 10:3, 28, 30 Morgenstern 11:38-40 Eetowski, Julian 4: 132 Latawski, Paul 5: 303-10 Leinwand, Artur 2:59 Levanda, Lev Osipovich

Latsis, M.I. 9:55 Lejkin, Jakub 7: 234, 236 1: 93-4, 104; 5: 230, 233 Lauche, Rudolf 8: 286, 288-9 Lekkert, Hirsh 3: 175 Leven, Narcise 5: 198 Lauer, Bernard 3: 202 Lelewel, Joachim 3:105,114; Levene, Mark 8: xix

Lauterbach, Jacob Zallel 7: 31, 37-8, 51 n. 20 Levensohn, Isaac Ber 1:55

11: 198 dispute with Jan Czynski Lévi, Israél 2:29

Lavrov, Piotr 9: 4-6 7: 35-6 Levi, Leonard 11:210n. 71

Lavsky, Hagit 2: 406 Lem, Stanistaw 4: 457 Lévi, Sylvain 2:21, 30 Lazarus, Moritz (Maurycy) Lemke, T. 2: 190 Levi, Yosef 12: 170

12: 105, 125, 129 Lenartowicz, Teofil 7: 327 Levi Isaac ben Meir of of Lazer Yitskhok of Krotoszyn Lendesberg, Markus 7: 265 Berdichev 4: 6, 35; 11:28

| 12: 198, 200-2, 207 Lendvai, Paul 9: xvii n. 25

Eazowert, Henryka 7: 203 Lenin, V. L.: Levin, Judah 11:43

Lebedev, Aleksey 1: 222 and the Bund 9:33 Levin, Menahem Mendel Lebensohn, Adam Hacohen and Communism 9:56 12: 81

1:53 and Jewish Marxists Levin, Misha 9: 124 n. 70

Lebensohn, Avigdor 3: 145 9: xx-xxi Levin, Nahman 9: 118 Lebensohn, Gershon 3: 145 and Jewish nationhood Levin, Sabina 5: 465

Lebensohn, Pesakh 3: 145 9: 37-8 Levin, Shmaryahu 5:115

Lebenstein, Jan 5: 474 Lenski, Julian 9: 104 Levin, Sim 7: 269

Lec, Stanislaw Jerzy 11:324 Lentz, Stanisiaw 10: 401 Levine, Hillel 8: 383

Lechon, Jan 7:319 Leonhardt, Ernest 6:50 Levine, Madeline 8: 394 Leder, Jurek 1:323 Lepkowski, Tadeusz 5: 470; Levinsohn, Isaac Baer 1: 152;

Lednicki, Aleksander 9:51 11: 326 2: 160; 5: 223

Leeper brothers 8:33 Lerski, Jerzy 3: 373, 450 Levinthal, Bernard Louis

Leeser, Isaac 11: 196 Leser, Henryk 7: 140 11: 202

Index of Persons 69 Levisohn, J. H. 5: 199, 201 Lichtenstein, Icchak 6: 223 Liptzin, Sol 12: 171 n. 30

Levitan, Izaak 6: 224 Lichtenstein, Sara 9: 160 Liskowacki, R. 6: 300 Levitats, Isaac 2: 150-1 Lichtensztain, Gerszon 9:99 Lis6wna, Ludwika 3: 246 Levits’kii, Dmytro 11: 238 Lichtensztajn, Izrael 6: 161, Lisowski, Jerzy 12: 288

Lévy, Armans 9: 277 278-83 Lissitzky, Lasar 6: 224-6, 230 Levy, Bernard 5: 199, 202 Lichtensztejn, Josif 10: 253 Listowski, Gen. Antoni

Levy, Judith 10: 203 Lidenbaum family 12: 130 1: 227-39 passim, 247, Levy, Oscar 8: 139 Liebehenschel, Arthur 1: 213, 249; 2:51, 59-61, 63

Lew, Henryk 7:94 222-3 Litak, Stanislaw 3: 361; 5: 361 Lewandowski, Andrzej 9:94 Liebeneiner, Wolfgang 4:464 — Litinski, Menachem Nokhem

Lewandowski, Jozef 3: 345 Lieber, Markus, autobiography 5: 179-80

Four Days in Atlantis 8: 48, 54, 59-60 Litvak, A. 7:99 12: 307-15 Lieberman, Aron Samuel Litvinov, Maksim

Lewandowski, Louis 11: 140 9: 3-6 Maksimovich 10: 249; Lewandowski, Miron 9:86 Lieberman, Herman 2: 285, 11: 241 n.41 287 n. 7; 3: 392; 8: 124, Litwak, Juda 10: 203 Lewartowski, J6zef 5:54 352; 9: 20 Lloyd George, David 2: 29; Lewental, Salomon Liebermann Sofer ben Loeb, 8: 26, 27, 30, 37, 144

(Franciszek Salezy) Eliezer 10:59 Loeb, Isadore 7:92

3: 133-4 Liebeskind, Karol 12: 285 Loevy, Edward 7:327

Lewenthal, Zalman 10:342 Liebskind, Dolek 9: 208 Loewe, Adolf 11: 156

Lewi, Benedict 10: 202 Lifszyc, Yosef 9:78 Loewe, Judah, see Maharal Lewi, Szymon_ 10: 202 Lifton, Robert J. 10:342 Loewenstein, Bernhard

Lewicki, I. 9:95 Likiernik, M. 6: 100 (Issachar Ber) 2: 293;

Lewicki, Witold 12: 131 Lilien, Ephraim Moses 7: 103, 11: 133, 139-40, 151;

Lewin, Aaron 11: 149 327; 12: 176n. 46 12: 105, 110, 112, 117 Lewin, Abraham, Warsaw Lilienblum, Moses Leib 1:53, Loewenstein, Nathan 12:91,

ghetto memoirs 5: 453-5 55, 57, 60, 62, 65 n. 22; 96, 129

Lewin, Aleksander 9: 232 3: 146; 5: 239 Loewenstein family 5: 382 | Lewin, Ezekiel (Yecheskiel) Lilienfeld, Rabbi 11: 152 Lohrmann, Klaus 9: 272;

2: 196 n. 31; 11: 132, Lilienthal, Regina 7:94 11:339 142-4, 149-53 Limanowski, Bolestaw Loker, Berl 12: 174 Lewin, Izaac 1:317;9: 105 1: 116-18, 125n.12;9:23 Londynski, S. 2:82 Lewin, Joel 7:7 Lindenfeld, Pola 6: 226-8,230 Long, Breckenridge 1: 303-4;

Lewin, Kurt 11: 151, 153 Linder, Menachem 3: 14 2: 96-7

Lewin, Nathan 11: 149, 153 Linetski, Isaac Joel 1: 152 Longchamps, Rector 2: 263 Lewinson, Anna 9: 105 Linetski, Yoel Yosef 3: 146 Longchamps de Berier,

Lewis, Richard 9: 256 Linke, Wojciech 7: 329 Bogustaw 12: 132

Lewite, J. 12:212n.1 Linville, Susan 10: 235 n. 34 Lopaciriski, Euzebiusz 5: 187 Lewkowicz, Leon 7:318, 330 Liow, Leo 11:116 Lor, Alfred 4: 119 Lewstein, Juliusz 6: 163-4; Lipinski, Edward 8: 88 Lorentowicz, Leon 1: 126

9:99 Lipkin, Israel (of Salant) n. 16

Leyb, Mani 12:171n. 28 11: xvii—xviii, 195, 208, Los, Stanistaw 5:70

Libera, Zdzislaw 10:382-3 214-15 Lotter, Friedrich 11: 338-9 Liberman, Fiszel 6: 163,165; | Lippomano, Alojzy 10:111 Low, Chaim 10: 395

9:99 Lipschitz, Ha’akov Halevi Low, Leopold 7:90

Libovski, Moshe 9: 130 n. 100 1:82 L6wenthal, Moritz 11: 138-9 Librowicz, Z. 2: 201 Lipski, Jan J6zef 2:69, 358 Lozinski, Piotr 4: 377 Lichtblau, Albert 11:339 Lipski, J6zef 8: 263, 266 Lozinski, Walery 2: 209, 212 Lichten, Jozef 1: 416—17; Lipszyc, Estera 6:96 Lubelski, Tadeusz 10: 235-6

2: 355-6; 5: 475 Lipszyc, Salomon Zelman Lubetkin, Zivia 9: 197, 200,

Lichtenbaum, Marc 3: 196 3: 112, 157 206-7, 209-10, 223, 226-7

70 Index of Persons Lubienski, Feliks 3: 109 Maciejowski, Ignacy (Sewer) Maisel, Haim 5:118

Eubienski, Count Michal 4: 78, 81 Maisky, Ivan 11: 190 3: 277, 281-2; 5: 167,169 Macior, T. 8: 140 . Majchrowski, Jacek 1: 294-7 Lubliner, Ludwik 3: 114; 5: Mack, Judge Julian 2: 24, 26; Majerowicz, Meir 5:54

199-202, 204-5; 7: 35-6, 8: 27-9 Majewski, Hilary 2: 191; 6:34;

46 Mackiewicz, Stanistaw 2: 264 11: 157

Lubomirska, Countess 9:189 Mackiw, Theodore 10:398 Majzel, Eliasz Chaim 6: 90-1,

Lubomirski, Prince Kazimierz © Macmichael, Sir Harold 100

2: 75-6 11: 188 Makins, Roger 11: 185

Lubomirski, Stanislaw 3:69, McNeil, Hector 7: 165-6 Makman, Gustav 3: 144

104 Maczyniski, Gen. Czeslaw Makower, Henryk 4: 451-2;

Lubomirski, Stefan 8:266 _ 8: 80 6: 297

Lubowski, Edward 1:70, 73, Magid of Mezhirech memoirs of Warsaw during 74; 4: 77, 104—5, 107-8 (Miedzyrzecz; Mezrich) Holocaust 4:451 Luczycki, A. 4: 178 (Dov Ber) 1: 156; 2: 415; Makower, Noemi 4: 451 Luczynski, Alexander Narbut- 4: 35; 7: 21; 10: 186, 195, Matachowski, Stanislaw

1: 227-9, 232, 235-6, 344-5; 11: 25; 12: 303, 305 1:42; 3:51, 57

238-44, 249 Magnus, Capt. 5: 199 Malaparte, Curzio 7: 197-8 Luczynski, Jerzy 2:56, 60-1, Magnus, Philip 5: 199 Malatynska, Maria 10: 238-9

63, 66 Magun, Faivl 9: 134 Malczewski, Jacek 7: 323,

Lueger, Karl 12: 261 Maharal Judah Loew) of 328

Lukas, Richard 4: 354, 363, Prague 5:8; 10: 85, 351; Malczewski, Lech 5: 61-2,

472; 8:9, 10 n. 19, 339, 11:54 66-70

365 n. 19; 10: 223 Maharam of Padua (Meir of Malecki, Jan 7:6 Lukasiewicz, Stanislaw 8: 394 Padua) 10: 72-3 Maleta, Alicja 8: 412 Lukerc, Henryk 2: 263 Maharik (RabbiJoseph Colon) Malinowski, Jerzy 9: 232

Luria, Isaac 10:387; 11:46 10: 68, 70, 83-4 Matkiewicz, Ludwika 3: 248,

n. 49 Maharil (Yaakov Molin) 10:75 268

Luria, Solomon, see Maharshal (Solomon Luria): Malmed, Icchok 4: 485-6

Maharshal and ban on polygamy Manassewitz, Manus 1:61

Luskina, Father 1: 41-2 10: 66, 68-70, 75 n. 49, Mandecki, Jézef 9:94

Lustig, Arnost 11: 378-80 76-84 Mandel, Jacob 11: 147

Lustiger, Jean-Marie 6:319 and philosophy 10:95 Mandelkern, Shlomo 1:52 Luther, Martin 9: 273 and printing 10:93 n. 22 Mandelkorn, Joseph 11:65 Lutostawski, Witold 1: 256 Yam shel shelomo 10:87 Mandelstam, M. 5: 121-2

Luxemburg, Rosa 1: 344; n.7 Manger, Itzik 8:71; 12: 360 3: 396-8; 9: 8-9; 12: 260, Mahler, Raphael 1: 28;5:467; Mantegazza, Paolo 9: 265

265 8: xvi, 4, 423; 10: 28, 101, Manteuffel, Tadeusz 8: 421,

Luzzatto, Moses Hayim 103, 379; 11:31 422

(Ramhal) 10: 209 Maimon, Solomon 1: 24-5, Manusievitch, Aleksandr 9:33 Lwowicz, Berek 11: 148 57; 4: 38; 10: 14, 27, 212, Mapu, Abraham 1:59, 61-3,

Lyons, Izrael 10: 203 214; 11:25 67 n. 57; 4: 58; 9: 263

Lyotard, Jean-Francois autobiography 7: 12-30 Marchlewski, Julian 2: 168;

11: 285 on hasidism 1: 151 9:6n. 12,12

Maimonides, Moses 7: 18; Marchlewski, Leon 2: 252

M | 8: 133, 417; 9: 260-1, 26911:60 Marchlewski, Mieczystaw Code 2:75, 78-84, 90 McDonald, Malcolm 1:317 Guide of the Perplexed Marciniak, Gertrude 3: 248

McElroy, Guy C. 10: 401 10:95 Marconi, Henryk 2: 187-8, Maciag, Wiodzimierz 9: 235 and hasidic tradition 192; 3: 30, 32

Maciejewska, Irena 9: 232 11: 49-51 Marconi, Leandro 2: 191;

Maciejowski, Bernard 10: 108 Mishneh torah 10:91 3: 30; 11: 157

Index of Persons 71 Marcus, Joseph 4: 427; 8: xvi, letter to Paderewski, 1918 Mehring, Franz 9: 17

11, 181; 9: 79, 81 2: 98-9 Meidner, Ludwig 6: 227

Margoliot, Ephraim Zalman, letter to Pres. Wilson, 1918 |= Meinecke, Friedrich 11: 284

Mateh efrayim 10:51 2: 100-2; 3: 449 Meir, David 9:75 n. 50

n. 38, 53 Marszatek, Jézef 9: 235 Meir Ba’al Hanes 3: 172 Margolis, Aleksander 6: 162 Martinis, Giambattista de Meir ben Barukh of

Margolis, Gabriel Z. 11: 195, 10: 121-2 Rothenburg 10: 287 n. 2, 200, 207 Martov-Tsederbaum, J. 9:3, 295 n. 25, 307 n. 60, 310,

Margolis, Isaac 11: 196 10 312-13 Margulis family 7: 269 Martyn, PeterJ. 9: 281 Meir Jehiel Halevi Holzstick of Maria Theresa, Empress: Marx, Karl 4: 192; 5: 252 Ostrowiec 11:53 and Galicia 12: 9-50 and antisemitism 9: xx Meir of Padua, see Maharam

and the Jews 12: 164 and nationalism 9: 16-17 of Padua

reforms of Uniate Church Mary of Hungary andtheJews Meir ben Samuel of

12:39 12: 330 Szczebrzeszyn 1:26

Mariariska, Miriam, seePeleg- Marzan, Ida 6:300 n. 15; 4:32

Mariariska, Miriam Marzbach, Henryk 7:319 Meisels, Rabbi Dov Ber

Marianiski, Dominik 3: 86, Masaryk, Tomas 2: 40 (Beirush) 3: 117, 158,

90-1, 93-4, 97 Masliansky, Zevi Hirsch 172; 4: 103, 394; 5: 207,

Marianski, Jerzy 11: 177 11: 202 218 n. 58, 228-9; 11:34 n. Marianski, Mieczystaw, see Mason, Jackie 9: 256 11,45; 12: 14-15 Peleg-Piotrkowski, Mass, Moses (from Melachovsky, Hillel 11: 196,

Mieczystaw Siemiatycze) 11:7 203

Mark, Bernard 8: 424; 9:33 Massalski, E.T. 4: 131 Melchior, Malgorzata 9: 233

Mark, Rudolf 10:361 Massalski, Ignacy 1:41; Melhuish, Kathleen 5: 428

Markiewicz, Barbara 10: 204 Melzer, Emanuel 4: 425-33; 11: 350-1 Matejko, Jan 4:91; 7:318, 8: xvi, 331; 9: 80 Markiewicz, Henryk 9: 233, 321 Menahem Mendel of

235 Mattoka, Jaroslaw 9: 234 Amshinov 11:65

Markish, Peretz 1:331;3:152; Matus, Dina 6: 226, 228 Menahem Mendel of Kock, see

6: 227; 12: 176 Matuszewicz, Marcin | Morgenstern, Menahem

Markowicz, Artur 7:318-20, 10: 215-16 Mendel 324 Matuszewski, Ignacy 4: 80 Menahem Mendel of

Markowicz, Lejzor 3:48 Matwijowski, Karol 5: 365 Peremyshliany 12:305 Marks, Wemar D. 5: 195, Matz, Eliahu 1:309 Mencel, T. 10: 324

198-9, 200 Maurer, Jadwiga 10: 390 Mende, Gerhard 7: 231 Markuse, Moses 10: 22, 210; Mauthner, Fritz 7:25 Mendele Mokher Seforim, see

11:58 Mayer, Arno 8:36 Abramovitsh, Sholem-

Markusfeld, Szachna 12:14 Mayersohn, Maier 12: 162 Yankev Marmorstein, A. 10: 301 Mayzil, Nakhman 2: 225 Mendelsburg, Albert 11:30, Maroszek, J. 4:484—5 Mazanowski, Antoni 7:314 12: 90 n. 8, 117

. Marr, Wilhelm 3: 419-21; Mazeh, R. Jacob 9:57 Mendelsohn, Abraham 9: 214

4:92 Mazur, Eliyahu 2: 293; 6: 140 n.6 , Martrus, Michael 8:345 8: 84 169-70, 174; 4: 12, 156 n.

, Marrené, Waleria 4:73 Mazurowa, Maria Ludwika Mendelsohn, Ezra 1: 165-6,

| Marschak, Leopold 8:69 Mead, Margaret 8: 89-90 A; 8: xv, xvii-xix; 9: xviii

n.13 Mecklenburg, Norbert Mendelsohn, Stanistaw 4: 410 Marshall, Louis 2: 15, 22, 9: 283 Mendelson, Asher 6: 147,

26-30, 76, 379; 8: 27-9, Medem, Vladimir 1: 137 150 | 30-1, 35-6, 37 n. 83, 38 Mehr, Gina, memoirs of Soviet Mendelson, Meir 8: 306-10

, and Dmowski in 1918 occupation 4:223n.13, | Mendelson, Shlomo 9: 73-4,

2: 95-116; 3: 449 224 n. 48 76

72 Index of Persons Mendelson, Stanislaw 2:221; Michatowicz, Mieczystaw Milejkowski, Izrael 7: 250 5: 253, 256, 259, 263-5, 2: 263-4; 4: 252; 7:261-2, Mileski, Jan 9:86

267; 9: 13, 17, 50-1 264 Mill, Joseph Solomon John)

Mendelssohn, Moses 2:203; §Michatowski, Piotr 7: 321; 3:171; 9:3, 11; 12: 259,

6: 290; 10: 200, 377; 10: 401 260, 265 n. 44

11: 130 Michalski, Jerzy 3:79 Miller, David Hunter 9: 273 Michels, Robert 9: xviii Miller, Jean Baker 9: 269

attitude towards Yiddish Michalski family 1:322 8: 28-30, 36

Maimon’s studies with Michelson, Zevi Ezekiel 11:65 Milman, R. 6:205 7: 13, 18, 24; 10: 214 Michman, Joseph 3: 384 Milman, Szmul 6: 165; 9: 90,

marriage 1:59 Michnik, Adam 8: 421-2; 100, 105

and Polish Jews 10: 210-12; 11: 281 Mitosz, Czestaw 4: 212-13;

11:37 Michotek, Jerzy 11: 127 7: 302; 12: 366 11: 196 Mickiewicz, Adam 1:70, 93, 332-6

Mendes, Abraham Pereira Michowicz, Waldemar 1:290 Blonskion 2: 321-3, 326-7,

Mendes-Flohr, Paul 9: 286-8 188, 198, 259; 2: 202; poetry of 6: 309-11; 7: 273 Menhold, Helmut 4: 465 4: 177, 418; 7: 326; 9: 249; translation of Bible into

Menkes, Herman 11: 136 11: 36; 12: 142, 365 Polish 1:252-69; 11: 388 Menkes, Oswald 11: 134 biography of 9: 276-9 Milsztejn, N., autobiography Menkes, Zygmunt 6: 163-4 and the Jews 1:336; 2:331 8:51, 53 Mensdorf-Pouilly, Count kabbalistic interpretation of Milton, Sybil 8: 265

Alexander 11: 139 his poetry 7:57-62 Minc, Binyamin 2: 289, 292 Me’or Hagolah (Gershom ben marriage 5: 186-92 n. 6, 293 Judah of Mayence): Pan Tadeusz 2: 207, 209, Minc, Hilary 2: 369; 9: 179 and ban on polygamy 213-14, 216; 4: 70, 84; Mincberg, Jacob Lejb

10: 66-84 7: 322; 10: 390 6: 136-43, 147, 151-2,

and early Jewish settlement scholarship on, denying 163-4; 8: 210, 223; 9: 99 in Poland 10: 287-8 Jewish descent 5: 184-92 Minheimer, Jan 3: 119 Merenholc, Helena 10: 356 Mickiewicz, Mikolaj 5: 187 Minich, Henryk 2:313 Meridor, Ya’akov 5: 158 Mickiewicz, Wtadystaw 3: Minkowski, Maurycy 6: 223,

Merlin, Samuel 5: 164 117; 5: 184—5, 188; 9: 277 227; 7: 324

Meroz, Anna 6:297 Miczyniski, Sebastian 4:21, Minkowski, Pinkas 11: 140

Mertsching, Jan Karol 25; 12:8 Mintz, Alan 1:331

11:155 Midner, Moses 11:15 Mintz, Benyamin 10: 194-5

Merzan, Ida 7: 244, 246; Miechowicz, Maciej 4:25 Mintz, Jerome 10: 195-6

11:371-5 Miedzinski, Boguslaw 2:340; Mintz, Moshe ben Yitshak Merzbach, Henryk 10: 392 5: 165; 7: 157; 8: 203; (Maharam Mintz)

Mester, Jacob 12: 170, 175 11: 184 1: 29-30

Metzger, Mendel 9: 273 Mieroszewski, Juliusz 11:321 Minz, Judah 10: 72-6, 78, 79

Metzger, Thérése 9: 273; Mieses, Jacob L6b 11: 132 n. 67

10: 384-5 Mieses, Matthias 12: 171 Mironski, Peretz 9: 130n. 100

Meyer, Ludwik 6:50 n. 29 Mises, Hermann 12: 116-17 Meyer, Michael 3: 385 Mieses, Meir Jerachmeel Mishkinsky, Moshe 4: 484, Meyersohn, Malwina 2: 201 11: 134 487; 5: 466

Micewski, Andrzej 9: 181; Migon, K. 5: 365 Mize, Gela 9: 154

11:177 Miklautsch, Lydia 9: 263 Mizes, Jozef Hersz 12: 129

Michat of Janowiec 10: 112 Mikotajczyk, Stanistaw Mizes, Judah Leib 10: 197 Michalak, Ré6za 4: 486 2: 288, 290, 292, 305,314; Mizrachi, Eliyahu 10:73 Michalak, Zbigniew 9:97 3: 431, 433; 7: 172; 8: 339, | Mlodzianowski, Kazimierz

Michalek, Bolestaw 10: 225, 342-3, 357, 361-2, 364, 8:119

242 369 n. 24, 370; 9: 146 Mtodziejowski, Andrzej 1: 39;

Michalewicz, Jerzy 12:355-7 Mikolajska, Halina 11:321 12:61

Index of Persons 73 Mniszech, Maryna 3: 392, Morgan, Frederick E. 7: 164 Moskowitz, M. 2:89

393 Morgenshtern family Moskwa, Jan 6: 162

Mniszech, Michat 3: 47, 52, (printers) 3: 145 Mosse, George 11:344 80, 82, 87-9, 93 Morgenstern, Abraham Mostowicz, Arnold 6: 298

Mniszek, Helena 10: 277 Pinchas 11:65 Moszczenska, Iza 12: 254

Mochnacki, Maurycy 11:34 Morgenstern, Isaac Zelig Moszczeniski, Adam 2: 168,

Moczar, Gen. Mieczystaw 11:8, 13 176-7

6: 324; 9: 182-3; 11:320-6 Morgenstern, Jacob Aryeh Moszkowicz, Anna 9: 160

Moderau, Marek 5:53 11:65 Moszkowicz, Daniel 9: 154 Modrzejewska, Helena 7:328 Morgenstern, Joseph Eliezer Moszkowska, Waleria

Mogilnicki, A. 6: 101 11:65 Marrené 2:211

Mogilnicki, Tadeusz 9:86 Morgenstern, Menahem Motal, Benjamin 10: 305-6 Mohilewer, Rabbi Samuel Mendel (Kotsker rebbe) Motyka, Lucjan 1: 223 1: 132; 3: 172; 5: 121; 4: 394; 5: 7-8; 11: 33-4, Mowschowitch, David 3: 278,

7: 124 38-41, 45 n. 46, 62, 217-18 290; 8: 16-17, 21, 40

Mojecki, P. 10: 108-9 rift with Mordecai Joseph Mrowinski-Pioczywhos, J.

Moldovan, Alfred 10:385 Leiner 11:38—40 10: 4

Molin, Yaakov, see Maharil Morgenstern, Yehiel Meir Miihlbacher, von (Austrian

Molski, Bogustaw 5:51 11:65 district administrator) Moltke, Adolf von 8: 259-64, | Morgenstern, Zevi Hirsch 11: 134, 136-7

274-5 11:65 Mukduni, A. 11: 222-3

Moltke, Hans von 5: 108 Morgensztern, Abram Icek Munitz, Hayyim 9:127n.85

Mond, Gen. Bernard 8:84—5 6:113 Munk, Yehoshua Gershon Mondshine, Yehoshua Morgenthau, Henry, Jr. 1: 303 3:144 10: 184, 189, 192-3, 196-8 Morgenthau, Henry, Sr. 2:27, | Murav’yov, Gen. Mikhail

Monkiewicz, W. 4: 486 30, 76; 8: 30 Nikolaevich 1:98, 100-1, Montefiore, Claude J. 2: 10; Morse, Arthur 1: 301-2 102, 104, 109 n. 9; 5: 234

8:133n.6 Mortkowicz-Olczakowa, Murkies, Antony 4: 485

Montefiore, J. 5: 199, 201 Hanna 7:244;8:69n.13 Musil, Robert, The Man Montefiore, Moses 1:53; Moéscicki, President Ignacy without Qualities 11: 302

3:115 9: 178 n. 30 Mussolini, Benito 7:211 10: 263 2:311; 12: 280 autobiography 8: 43-4

Moraczewski, Jedrzej 1:230; | Mosdorf, Jan 1: 215, 222; Muszyn, Chaja,

Morawski, Edward Osébka Mosely, Ephraim 5: 199, 201 Mutnik, Abraham 6:95

9: 165 n. 27 Moses, Zygfryd 7: 140 Muzdzynski, Edward 9: 105

Morawski, J6zef 4: 187;7:152 MosesofCoucy 10:293

Morawski, Kazimierz Marian Moses Halawa 10:295n. 25 N 2: 251; 11: 175-6; 12: 183 Moses ben Hisdai of

n.15 Regensburg 10: 295, Nachmanowich, Rojse

Morawski, Stanistaw 5: 189 308-9 11: 128-9

Mordecai, Mordecai M. Moses of Karlin 11:15 Nadav, M. 4: 482-3

: 10: 203 Moses of Kiev 10: 292 n. 16 Nadir, Moyshe 2: 230; 12:171 | Mordecai Jaffe, see Ba’al Moses of Kutno 11: 217-20, n. 28

|| Mordecai Halevushim 226 Nahlik, S.E., memoirs 8:67 of Poland Moses de Leén 9: 261 n. 5, 68 n. 8, 75 n. 40, 87 , 10: 309-10 Moses Poler 10: 301-7 Nahman of Bratslav 1:52; 2: Mordecai of Stanov, fatherof | Moshe ben Abraham 415-16; 3: 376-7; 9: 262; Sarah bas Tovim 10: 40, (Amsterdam printer) 11: 48, 83; 12: 359

A5 5:178 Nahman of Horodenka

Mordochovsky, Joseph 11:15 Moshe bar David 1:33; 12: 305

Morelly, M. 10:10 10: 208 Nahman Isaakowich Morelowski, Marian 7:324 Moskala, R. 8: 168-9 11: 128-9

74 Index of Persons Nahmanides 10: 310 Neuman, Gerszon 6:146,151 Nossig, Alfred 1: 137; 12:45 Najdus, Walentyna 9:33 Neuman, Yekheskel Moshe n. 43, 167 n. 12

Najman, Jechezkiel Mosze 6: 226 Novogrudski, Emanuel 9: 75,

11: 359 Neumann, Franz 11:300-1 77

Nakher, Karl 12: 169 n. 19 Neumark, David 11: 132 Novosiltsov, Senator 3: 110 Nakwaska, Anna 2: 202 Neustadt, Melech 9:198n.76 Nowacki, Kazimierz 9: 235 Natkowska, Zofia 4: 83, 418; Newachowicz, Leon 3:110 Nowaczynski, Adolf 5: 108;

8: 393; 11: 247, 250-2, Nicholas I, Tsar 1:65 n. 36 8: 198 n. 15; 11: 181;

262 and the Jews 1:98, 101, 12: 366

Namier, Lewis 5: 304, 312; 367-9; 3: 225 Nowak, Jan 11:321 8:33 Nicholas II, Tsar, andthe Jews Nowak, Jerzy Robert 12: 290 career 2: 38-9 2: 10; 3: 161; 12: 252 Nowak, Zenon 9: 170-1, 176, feud with Roman Dmowski_ Nicolson, Arthur 2: 40-1; 179

2: 37—49; 5: 303-26 5: 325-6 Nowakowska, Irena 5: 473

Napieralski, Antoni 9: 105 Niebieszczunski, A. 4: 186 Nowakowski, Marceli 2: 264

Narzymski, J. 1:70 Niebuhr, Reinhold 9: 296 Nowodworski, Michal 8: 130 Natanson, Henryk 3: 161; Niedzialkowski, Mieczystaw Nufsetz, Baron Hubert 5:66

12: 247 6: 167; 10: 266 Nusbaum, Aron 5:5

Natanson, Jakub 3:119 Niedzielski, Jozef 9: 105 Nusbaum, Mosiek 5:13 Natanson, Kazimierz 9:50,53 Niemcewicz, Julian Ursyn Nusbaum, Szyja 5:13 Natanson, Ludwik 3: 129-30, 1: 68; 2: 202-4, 218n.51; Nussbaum, Hilary 3:98, 119

158-9 3: 109; 4: 75; 10: 29, 216, Nussbaum, Kalman 8: 373

Natanson, Mark 12: 346 391; 12: 365 and n. 24

Natanson, Stefan 12:212n.1 Niemcow, Abram 7: 122 Nutkiewicz, Szlama 9: 100 Natanson, Zelig 3: 159 Niemojewski, Andrzej 1:126 | Nyssenbaum, Yitshak 5:54

Natanson family 8:20 n. 18, 147-8; 7: 148;

Nathan, Lord 7: 166 12: 254 O Nathan Sternhartz of Nemirov Nierman, Abraham 11:65

11: 48 Nietyksza, Maria 3: 129 Oberlaender, Ludwig 1: 144, Nathansohn, Josef Saul Nietzsche, Friedrich: 147 12: 110-11, 129 on the concept of good Oberlander, Marek 7: 329

Natkes, Abraham 11: 134 11: 291-2 Oberman, J. 6: 102

Natkes, Benjamin Zwi 11: 132 influence on Hillel Zeitlin Oberski, Yona 6: 299

Natsiv, see Berlin, Rabbi 11: 78, 79, 81, 84 Obuchowicz, Antoni 9:86 Naphtali Zevi Judah Nisman, Beniamin 8: 118 Och, Gunnar 11: 339 Naumovych, Ioann 12:41,45 Nissim, Rabbi 10: 295 n. 25 Ochab, Edward 9: 173-4, 177

n. 42 Nister, Der (Pinkhes n. 28, 178

Naygreshl, Mendel 12: 175, Kahanovich) 12:360 Ochedalski, Henryk 9: 86

176 n. 46 Noam Elimelekh 8: 411 n. 41

Nedomacki, Vidosava 10:384 Nochmovsky, Reuven 9:125 Odi,Anna 11:351-4

Neimark, David-Leyb 9: 72, n. 74 Oettinger, J6zef 11: 328;

126 n. 76 Noel-Baker, Philip 8: 37-8 12: 14-15

Nejman, I. 6:115 Nolte, Ernst 4: 471 Ogiriski, Andrzej 1: 38-9; _ Nelken, Halina 6: 298;7:314; | Nomberg, Hersch David 10: 29

10: 399, 401 7: 99; 12: 168 Ohrenstein, Rabbi 3: 158

Nelson, Jack 11: 344 Norblin, Jean-Pierre 4: 26; Okulicki, Leopold 9: 249

Neserowicz, D. 4:26 8: 405-6, 412 Olbrychski, Daniel 2: 361 Netzer, Shlomo 4: 425-33; Nordau, Frida 4: 306-7 Oledzki, Jacek 8: 411

8: xvi, 4 Nordau, Max 5: 159; 11: 78; Olesnicki, Zbigniew, Cardinal

Neufeld, Daniel 3: 118 12: 160-1 2: 119-21, 124-6

Neuger, Leonard 4: 381 Norwid, Cyprian Kamil Oleszkiewicz, Jézef 7:60 Neuman, Abraham 6: 223 4: 418; 7: 327; 12: 365 Oliner, Samuel 11: 356

Index of Persons 75 Olszaniski, Teofil 11: 234 Ottokron family 12: 130 Patryk, Father 8: 163 Olszewski, M. 7: 167-8, 170-1 Otwinowski, Stefan,memoirs Patynowski, Fr. 4: 252

Oman, Charles 2:44 8:69 n. 12, 85-6 Paulouski, Karl 9:113n.15

Opalski, Magdalena 10: 399 342 Opaliniski, Lukasz 10:111 Oyslender, N. 3: 144 Pawelczynska, Anna 2: 338,

Opatoshu, 10:299 390, Pawlikow, 394 Pp Pawinski, Adolf 167 Opdyke, Joseph Irena 4: Teofil 12:2:111-12, Openheim, Yosel Moseyevich Paczkowski, Andrzej 2: 224-6; 114

9:113n. 16 8: xx, 296 Pawlicki, Jan 9:105

Oppenheim, Israel 4: 485; Paczuta, Tadeusz 11:352 Pawlik, Michal 12:92 5: 466; 8: 4, 7 Paderewski, Ignacy Jan 1:230; Pawlikowski, John T. 4: 298-9 Oppenheimer, Dovid 4: 43° 2: 18, 21, 24-5, 27, 29-30, Pawlikowski, J6zef 1: 42-3;

Oppenheimer, Robert 9: 255 379; 8: 14, 20, 23, 31 n. 61, 4:26 Oppler, Edwin 2: 189; 11: 162 34-5, 39; 9: 50 Pazniewski, Wlodzimierz

Oppman, A. 1:77 and Dmowski in 1918 4:139

Or Zarua (Isaac ben Moses) 2: 95-116 Pearson, Raymond 1:97 10: 69, 295-7, 303, 311 letter to Pres. Wilson, 1918 = Pejsachsohn, Izaak 6:96

Orbach, Alexander 2: 421 2:96 Pelc, Chil Majer 6: 112 Orenstein (Oren), Mordechai speech of 14 Oct. 1918 Pelc, Mojzesz 9: 160

9: 198 2:111-13 Peleg-Mariariska, Miriam,

Orgelbrand, Maurycy 3:119 Pajewski, Janusz, memoirs (Miriam Hochberg-

Orgelbrand, Samuel 3: 146 8:74 Mariariska) 5:390; 6:300 Orla-Bukowska, Annamaria Pajewski, Teodor 4: 445 Peleg-Piotrkowski,

8: xix Pakentreger, Aleksander Mieczystaw 5: 390; 6: 300 Orlicki, Jozef 1:295 8: 177, 186 Pelletier, K. 2: 184 Ornstein, Jacob Meshullam Paldiel, Mordechai 4: 303; Peltyn, Samuel Hirsh 8: 327;

11: 130, 132, 137 9: 296 11:117 150 Palten, Dr 8: 265-6 307-8, 310

Ornstein, Zevi Hirsch 11:138, Palme, Rudolf 9: 272 Penkower, Monty 1:301-2, Ortwin, Ostap 7:271; 11: 249 Pankiewicz, E. 4: 484, 486 Percy, Eustace 2: 40, 42 Orzech, Maurycy 9:63, 74 n. Pankiewicz, Michal 4: 249, Perechodnik, Calek, journal of

48, 118 nn. 36, 37, 133-4 252-3 wartime Warsaw 10: 359;

Orzechowski, K. 5: 365 Pankowski, J6zef 7: 328 12: 316—29

Orzechowski, Stanistaw 2:29 Pano, Nicholas 10:369 Perechodnik, Pesach 12:318, Orzeszkowa, Eliza 1: 77-8, Paprocki, Antoni 3: 278, 286, 320-1, 324 n. 24, 328

122, 145, 198; 2: 211; 289 Perel, Solomon 10: 232, 234-5

4: 77-8, 83, 131, 134,418; | Paprocki, Stanislaw 2: 80-1; Perets (Peretz), Yitshak

5: 158; 7: 327; 8: 51, 290, 4: 160, 163, 167 Leibush 1:59, 84, 93, 328; 10: 390; 12: 249-50, Parcer, Jan 11:353 158, 176; 2: 230; 8: 251,

365 Pares, Bernard 2:45 290; 10: 41, 345, 346, 394

Osmaniczyk, Edmund 5:475 Parnas, Emil 11: 147 attitude towards Yiddish Osmecki, Iranek 2: 341 Parnas, Jozef 11: 149 n.56 4: 121 n. 2; 7: 98; 12: 164,

Osmolowski, Jerzy 4: 160 Parsons, Talcott 11: 356 168 Ossowski, Stanislaw 4: 227 Partyka, A. 5:361 and Jewish folkloristics

Ostrowski, Abram Izaak Parvi, Zenon 11:335 7: 88-121

6:112,115 Paschele, Wolf 5: 178 literary works 3: 148-51;

Ostrowski, Adam 7:38 Paskievich, General 3: 113 4:57, 62-8 passim, 140; Ostrowski, Antoni 3: 112; Pat, Jacob 9:74, 75 n. 50, 77, 10: 41; 12: 359, 361

7: 39, 41, 43 78 n. 61; 11: 224-5, 226-7 reply to Dmowski 4: 120 Ostrzega, Abraham 6: 223 Patek, Stanislaw 2: 26-7, 75 Y. Y. Trunk and 8: 299-301,

Otiker, Yisrael 8:7 Paton, H.J. 2:21 317-18, 322; 10: 390; Otto, Rudolf 4:7 Patora, Konstanty 9: 105 11: 227-8

76 Index of Persons Pergen, Johann Anton von Pitsudski, Bronistaw 9:9 Plotnicka, Frumka_ 5:54;

12: 49-60 Pitsudski, Jozef 2: 20; 9: 197, 202, 205, 207,

Perl, Feliks 5: 263, 267; 9: 13, 4: 429-30; 5: 170; 8: 80, 209-10

17-19, 25 385; 9:3, 9; 12: 260, 270 Plotzker, Isaac 11: 217

Perl, Joseph 1:61, 84; 10: 192, and the Bund 9:13, 19 Pobég-Malinowski,

197, 202; 11:45; 12: 13 and coup of 1926 2: 78; Wladyslaw 2: 64, 67;

onhasidism 1: 151-2 8: 83, 123, 190, 208, 387 10: 408, 410

Perle, Joshua 1: 188, 189; death of 9:58, 61, 234 Poczmanski, W. 10: 227

6: 237; 7: 181 and the Jews 11:63, 147, Podgorski, Zygmunt 9:97 Perles, Joseph 2: 133; 7:90 151, 171, 316; 4: 376; Podkowinski, Wiadysiaw

Perlov, Jacob, admor of 5: 158; 9: xvii, xx; 12: 258, 7: 328

Novominsk 11:7 264-5, 269 Podliszewski, Abraham

Peski, Walenty 4:26 and massacre at Pirisk 5: 123; 9: 49; 11: 125-6 Petahiah of Regensburg 2: 52-3, 70n.5 Polak, R. Jacob 10:73 10: 292 n. 16 Polish attitude towards Polciennik, Stefan 9:96

Peters, Ia. Kh. 9:55 4: 379 Polen, Nehemia 12: 351-3 Petlyura, Simon 1: 233; and Polish politics Polier, Moses ben Israel (of

11: 236-7 1: 347-9; 2: 311; 4: 147, 166 Kobrin) 11:29

Petrazycki, Leon 9:51 and Polish Socialist Party Poll, Solomon 11:54 Petrov, Colonel 9:113n.15 9:6 n. 12,17; 5: 265 Pollack, Jacob 10: 89-90

14 Sanacja writer) 8: 138-9

Petrycy, Sebastian 10:6, 9-10, see also General Index. Pollak, Jakub (antisemitic

Peuckert, W. E. 10: 104 Pinchuk, Ben-Zion 10: 352 Potomski, Franciszek 5: 365 Pfefer, Mojzesz 9:53 Pinehas of Poland 10:310-11 Polonsky, Antony 2: 350;

Piasecki, Bolestaw 2: 311, Pines, M. 3: 148 4: 370, 380; 8: 346,

313-15, 347; 8: 200 Pingeron, Jean-Claude 423-6 Piasecki, Witold 5:51 10: 274n.6 Polonus, Salomon 10: 14-15, Piatokowska, Ignaca 7:94 Pinhas of Korzec 4:35; 10: 195 207 Piattoli, Father Scipio 3:56, onsmoking 11:26 Pomer, Stefan 2: 232; 4: 135-6

70; 10: 207 Pininski, Leon 12:33 Poner, Meir 6: 274-5

Pickhan, Gertrud 10:xxxiv ~— Pinkert, Motel 7: 194 Poniatowski, Juliusz 7: 151

Piechotka, Maria and Pinkhes of Tomaszéw, song Poniatowski, Stanislaw

Kazimierz 4: 483; 8: 412; on 4: 47-8 (1676—1762; father of the

10: 149 Pinkus, Rubin 10: 252 king) 1:40, 46 n. 32, 357

Piekarz, Mendel 10: 345-6 Pinsker, Leon Judah Leib) and reform 10:6, 24

Pienkowski, Stanislaw 5: 104 1: 137 Poniatowski, Prince Stanistaw Pietrzak, Michal 8: 190-1 Piotrowska, Jadwiga 3: 262-3 (1755-1833; nephew of

Pietrzak-Pawtowska, Irena Piotrowski, Antoni 7:327 the king) 12: 202

3:19 Piotrowski, Czeslaw 9: 105 Popiel, Karol 8: 261, 336, 374

Pik, Jakub 3: 168 Piper, Franciszek 10: 340 Popiel, Tadeusz 7:317 Pikulski, G. 10:10 Pipes, Richard 2: 428 Popietuszko, Jerzy 10: 229,

Pilarczyk, K. 5: 361-2 Pirog, Wojciech 5:51 242

Pilch, Andrzej 2: 259 Pirow, Oswald. 5: 87 Poptawski, Jan Ludwik 1: 116, Pilch, Antoni 4:349-—50 Pisk, Joseph and Jacob 10: 202 125 n. 11, 148; 8: 328 Pilecki, Witold 1: 214-19, Piszczkowski, Tadeusz 3:278, Poplawski, Seweryn 2: 264

223 286 Popper family 12: 130

Pilichowska, Bogdana 8: 412 Pitt-Rivers, Julian 4:8 Portnoy, Yekutiel (Noah)

Pilichowski, Leopold 6: 223 Pius IX, Pope 11:36 9: 59, 75; 10: 258 Pillati, Henryk 7: 322 Pius XII, Pope 2: 382 Posner, Stanislaw 4: 159 Pilnik, Bogustaw Jan 12:327 Piwarski, Jan Feliks 7:326-7; | Potapov,A.L. 1: 102, 104

Pilov, Israel 11: 40 n. 28 8: 406 Potega, Edward 9:94

Pilpel, Berl 11: 138 Platonov, Valerian 3:118 Potocki, Andrzej 12:33, 97

Index of Persons 77 Potocki, Ignacy 3:93 Prus, Bolestaw 1:75, 78-9, Rabinovitch, Sholem, see

Potocki, Count Jerzy 2:75, 83, 147, 198; 2: 419; 3: 178; Sholem Aleichem

86-9 4: 78, 82, 93; 8: 389; Rabinowich, Solomon Enoch

Potocki, Jozef (editor of Glos) 10: 242, 390; 12: 249, 365 Hakohen 11:16

1:127n. 25 Prusinowski, Juda 11: 350 Rabinowicz, Jacob Isaac (of Potocki, Jozef (Grand Crown Pruss, W. 3:26 Biala Podlaska) 11:62 Hetman) 10: 130 Prussak, Abram 6:90 Rabinowitz, RabbiJ. 5: 122, Potocki, J6zef Alfred (Deputy — Prussak, Dawid 11: 164 127, 212 Director of Political Prussak, Maria 11:334-6 Rabinowitz, Moses Jehiel

Department of Polish Prussak, Maurycy 6: 283-7 Elimelech 11:17 Foreign Ministry) 3:278 Pruszcz, P. 10: 109-10, 119 Rabinowitz, Saul P. (‘Sheffer’)

Potocki, Seweryn 3:96 n. 137 3: 172; 5: 115, 117, 119,

~ Potocki, Stanistaw Kostka Pruszkowski, Kazimierz 123 2: 196 n. 25; 4: 131 (‘Orcezyk’) 9:39 Rabon (Rubin), Yisroel 1: 183; Potok, Chaim 4: 393-6 Pruszynski, Ksawery 4: 133; 6: 230-52; 10: 277-8,

Potshenko, Haskel 9: 118 12: 281 280-1

Poznariski, Chaim Lejb 9:100 = Prybulski, L.H. 6:99 Di gas 6: 240-6 6: 240,

Poznaniski, Izrael Prystor, Aleksander 8: 125 250-2

Kalmanowicz 6: 10, Prystorowa, Janina 7: 150-1, novels 6: 236-40, 248-9

31-3, 48, 57-68, 90, 94; 156; 8: 125, 210 poetry 6: 232-6, 238, 247-8 11: 157-8, 162 Prywes, Isaiah 8:306-10 Rachkovsky, Piotr Ivanovich Poznanski, Rabbi Samuel Prywes, Itche Mayer 6: 268-9 11: 174 Abraham 3: 159; 11:63, Prywes, Moses 11: 222 Raczkiewicz, Wladyslaw

113-14, 117,123 Przedborski, Jan 7: 251 n.8 8: 119, 353 n.6

Poznanski family 6:57-87 Przetakiewicz, Zygmunt 2:315 Raczkowski, B. 3:32 Icek Majer Poznaniski Przeworski, Jakub 12:212n.1 Raczyriski, Count Edward

6: 112, 114-15 PrzeZdziecki, Bishop 3: 307 2: 273-5; 8: 341, 342-3, Ignacy Poznaniski 6:68,94 | Przyborowski, Walery 4:77, 351, 355, 357, 359, 370;

Kalman Poznanski 6: 58-9 131 11: 185-6, 190

Karol Poznanski 6: 68, 75 Pszoniak, Wojciech 2:361 Raczynski, Kazimierz 3:56

Maurycy Poznanski 6: 68, Ptak, M. 5:365 Radek, Karl 11:241 75-6, 100; 8:69 n. 11 Pudto, K. 5: 365 Radkiewicz, Stanistaw 9: 303 Pradzyniski, J. 4: 176, 189 Pule, M. F.de 104, 1:110n.21 Radoriski, Bishop Karol

Pragier, Adam 2: 250, 354 Pundeff, Marin 10:369 2: 275-6

Prajs, H. 5:11 Purchla, Jacek 11:328 Radwan, Juliusz 5: 13-14 Pranaitis, Fr. 9:48 Purkes, David 12:301 Radziwill, Prince Janusz Praszkier, Gerszon 6: 146, Putrament, Jerzy, memoirs 8: 205; 11: 189

158, 165 8: 73, 78, 84-5 Radziwill, Kazimierz 10: 133

Prato, Rabbi 2: 294 Puzyrenski, Racheland Fanny Radziwiltowicz, Krzysztof

Prekerowa, Teresa 2: 352; 9:3 7: 329

3: 301; 4: 233-4, 240;5:51 Pychlik, P. 4: 191 Rafael, Y. 10: 192

Pressac, Jean-Claude 10: 340 Rafaelowicz, Chaim (Meir

Prilutski, (Noah) R Rais, Wasser) 4: 119;Noyekh 9: 70, 126 n. 76 L. 9:59, 7:27060 n. 6 Prilutski, Zvi-Hirsh 3: 150 Raban (Eleazar ben Nathan) Rajchman, Szymon 6: 163

Priwes, Lejzor 12:212n.1 10: 288 Raker, N. M. 12: 174

Probst, Samuel 7: 139 Rabbenu Tam 10: 288, 292 Ramer, Samuel 10: 374

Préchnik, Adam (Henryk n. 16, 300 Ramhal, see Luzzatto, Moses Swoboda) 8: 88, 386 Rabbinowicz, J. M. 5: 199 Hayim

Prokopé6wna, Eugenia 4:112; Rabbinowicz, N. 5: 196 Randall, A.W.G. 11: 186

9: 232-3 Rabinovich, Osip 2: 423; Rang, Florens Christian 9: 287

Proudhon, Pierre 5: 204 1: 136 Ranke, Leopold von 11:322

78 Index of Persons Rapacki, Wincenty 4: 108; Reisin, Avrom 7: 106, 118 career 3:7

7: 328 n. 102 chronicle of Warsaw ghetto

Rapaport, Y. 9: 126 n. 76 Reiss, Anselm (Anshel) 2: 271, 2: 356; 3: 9-16, 239, 272,

Raphael of Bershad 10: 195 278, 282; 9: 70 428; 6: 297; 7: 195

Rapoport, Charles 9:3, 9 Reiss, Walter, memoirs of L’viv history of Jews in Warsaw

Rapoport, Hayim 12:10 in 1939 4:223n.13 3: 67-8, 70

Rapoport, Moritz 11: 134 Rej, Mikolaj 4:21 on Polish attitudes to the Rapoport, Sara 9: 160 Rejduch-Samkowa, Izabela Holocaust 4: 442-8, 450;

Rapoport, Shlomo Zainwil, see 5: 362 6: 299-300; 7: 274; 9: 148, An-ski, Shlomo Rejzen, Miriam 9: 116 n. 26, 152-3

Rapoport, Solomon Judah 118n. 38 Ripple, Wilhelm 5: 162 Leib 11: 132; 12:81 Rejzen, Zalman 9: 113, Ritba (Yom Tov Al-Ashbili)

Rappaport, Jacob 11: 134 117-19, 124 n. 67 10: 70-1, 295 n. 25 Rappaport, Moritz 12:36 Rek, Tadeusz 4: 247-8, 252-3 _ Ritkes, Itche 8:311-13

n. 24, 82 Rema (Remu), see Isserles, Riveles, Benjamin Zalman

Rappoport, Arnold 12: 129 Rabbi Moses 10: 213 Rashba (Solomon ben Aderet) Remba, Nachum 7: 222, Rivkes, Moses 1:27 n. 25 10: 67-70, 72, 83-4, 295 246-8 Rivkind, Jacob 9:115 n.25 Rembielinski, Raamund 6:4—5 Robak, Tadeusz 10: 228

Rashkin, Leyb 1: 179, 183-5, Remiszewski, Antoni 9:86 Roberts, Frank 11: 187-8

188; 6: 239 n. 41 Robota, Rosa 10: 342

Raszeja, Franciszek 7: 230 Renan, Ernest 1: 154-6; 8:321 Rochetin, Henride 5: 196,

Rataj, Maciej, memoirs 8: 80 writings 1:161 n. 28 199; 7: 46 Ratajczyk, Stanistaw 8: 120 Rendel, Sir George 7: 165-6 Rodziewicz6éwna, M. 1:76

Ratajski, Cyryl 8: 118-19 Renner, Karl 8: 17-18 Roeskau-Ryde, Isabel 10:361 Rath, Ernst vom 5: 74—5, 86 Renz, Regina 11: 345-7 Rogalski, A. 8: 167

assassination 8: 262, 271, Reutt, M. 4: 193, 195 Rogoler, Elijah 7:69

273-4 Revel, Bernard Dov 11: 199 Rogosz, Jézef 4:81

Rathenau, Walther 5: 428; Reychman, Kazimierz Rogowski, S. 5: 365

7: 26-7 5: 373-84 Rokeach, Rabbi Joshua (the

Rauscher, Edgar 5: 68-9 Reychman family 5: 383 Belzer rebbe) 11:63; Ravitch, Melekh 3: 152; 6:227, Reymont, Wladyslaw 12:17 273; 12: 171-2, 175-6, Stanislaw 2:360-1; 4:81, and smoking 11: 28-9

181 149; 12: 366 Roman, Antoni 8: 237

Ravyah (Eliezer ben Joel Reynolds, Rothay 2:41 Romanchuk, Julian 12:91 Halevi) 10:76, 78,81-2, | Reyzen, Avraham 12:168,169 Romankiewiczowa, Mrs

83 n. 80, 289-90, 296 n. 21] 3: 254

Rawicz, Kazimierz Jan Reznikowa, Malka 6: 164 Romanowski, Andrzej 5: 476 Hilkner) 1: 215, 218-19 Reznikowska, Teresa 9:18,137 Romer, A. 8: 138, 142-3 Rawicz, Wiadystaw 3: 119; Riback, Issachar Ber 6: 224 Romer, Tadeusz 2: 300, 302

5: 207, 218 n. 59, 378; Ribam (Isaac ben Mordecai) n.12

7: 323 10: 310, 314 Romer-Ochenkowska, Helena

Raynoch, Zbigniew 1: 224 Ribbentrop, Joachim von 7: 265 Reboul, Pierre 2: 199-200 8: 263, 266, 269 Romm, A. 9:124n. 70

Reich, Leon 4: 429; 11: 235 Ridbaz, see Willowski, Jacob Ron, see Danzigerkron, Moshe

Reicher, Edward. 5: 392; 6: 298 David ben Ze’ev Roosevelt, Franklin Delano

Reicher, Wolf 11: 166 Riegner, Gerhart 1: 304; 1: 303; 2: 85-6

Reinecke, M. A. A. 5:365 2: 384-5 Ropczycer rebbe, the, see Reiner, Elchanan 10: xxxiii, Riehl, Wilhelm 7:91; 9: 283 Horowitz, Naftali Tsevi

185-6 Ringelblum, Emanuel 2:350; —_-Rorty, Richard 11: 294

Reines, Rabbi Isaac Jacob 5: 54, 454; 9: 221, 280; Rosciszewski, Antoni 3:96

5:127;11:77n.4 10: 359, 373; 11: 258 Rosdolsky, Roman 12: 46

Index of Persons 79 Rose, Adam 2:85 Rostworowski, Emanuel Rubinstein, Akiba 6: 113

Rosen, Jan 5: 383 10: 99 Rubinstein, Reuven 9: 135,

Rosen, Joseph 2:86 Rostworowski, J. 8: 162, 174 136 n. 130

Rosen, Matias 3: 115, 157; Rostworowski, Marek 7:315, | Rubinstein, W.D. 2: 405

7: 329 319, 325 Rubinsztajn (jester in Warsaw)

Rosen banking family 11:390 Rotfarb, Abraham 8: xv, 45, 7: 193-7

Rosenau, Helen 10:385 52, 55, 62 Rubinsztajn, Bram 5:13

Rosenbaum, J. 5: 122 Roth, Cecil 4: 390-1 Rubinsztejn, DrJosef 7: 125 medical works and practice Roth, Joseph 6:250n.34,251 Rudnicka, Milena 2: 256

11: 53-61 n. 35; 9: 283; 12: 44, 170 Rudnicki, Adolf 1: 196, 202,

Rosenberg, Alfred 5: 88, 93, Roth, Karl Heinz 4: 464 205-8; 4: 129-30, 136-7, 109; 8: 134 n. 7; 11:175 Roth, Philip 9: 256; 11: 301-2 140, 418-19; 7: 212, 283-7;

Rosenberg, Chil 9:89 Rothschild, Baron Edmond de 8: 393, 427-9; 10: 393 Rosenberg, Hans 11:300 2:19, 22, 29; 7:37, 54n. 63 and Jewish martyrdom Rosenberg, Isaac 11: 134 Rothschild, Joseph 10: 370 11: 247-62 Rosenberg, Israel 11: 199 Rothschild, Nathan Mayer Rudnicki, Kazimierz, memoirs

Rosenberg, J. 6: 164 2: 406 8:69 n. 12, 79, 86

Rosenberg, Judah Yudel Rothschild family, patronage §_Rudnicki, Marek 7: 247-8

(Tarler rebbe of L6dz) of Polish Jews 7: 42-4 Rudnicki, Shemaia 9: 130

11: xviii Rotmil, Abraham 5:13 n. 99 :

Rosenberg, Meir Joshua Rottenberg family 11:371-5 Rudnicki, Szymon_ 1: 293-4;

11:54 n. 7, 55 Rotter family 3: 258 8: 198; 9: 232

Rosenberg, Walter (Rudolf Rotwand, Jakub 5:9 Ruf, Avigdor 3: 144 Vrba) 1:218,221,224n.1 Rotwand, Stanistaw 6:57 Rufeisen, Oswald 3: 241

Rosenblatt family 6:49 Rotwand family 5:383 Rumiriska, Maria 3: 266 Szaja Rosenblatt 6:58, 90 Rowecki, Gen. Stefan 8: 340, Rumkowski, Mordecai Chaim

Rosenblattowa, Czestawa 363-4 1: 202-3, 405-8; 6: 143 4:135 Rozariski, Father Feliks Ruppin, Arthur 9:68 n. 34;

Rosenfeld, Alvin 2: 434 5: 197-9, 202; 7: 46 12: 232, 235

Rosenfeld, Karol 2: 232 Rozen, Ajzyk, autobiography = Ruskolenker, Ayzik 6: 239

Rosenhak, Shmuel 9: 125 8:57 Russ, Benjamin 6: 144 n. 13,

n. 74 Rozenberg, Lajbus 9:99 148-52; 9: 99

Rosenstein, Isaac Aron Rozenberg, Szaja 9: 98-9 Russell, John 7: 169

11: 134 Rozenblatt, Jerzy 6:135,147, | Rutek, Bogdan 6:303

Rosenstock, Stiskind 12: 129 149, 152, 204; 9: 98 Rutherford, Ernest 9: 255 Rosental, Anna 9:115n. 25, Rozenfeld, Jan 10: 207 Rutkowski, Adam _ 3: 267;

118 Rozenkranc family 9: 161-2 9: 161

Rosenthal, David 10:395 Rozenzweig, Franz 9: 289 Rutkowski, F. 5: 215 Rosenthal, Leon 5: 235 R6zewicz, Stanislaw 2: 368 Rutkowski, Jerzy 7: 261 Rosh (Asher ben R. Jehiel) Rozewicz, Tadeusz 2: 368; Rutkowski, Jozef 6: 161

10: 66, 79 n. 67 12: 290 Ruzhin, rebbe of 11:29

Rosiak, Pawel 9:89 Rozmaryn, Henryk 1:317; Rybarski, Roman 1: 215; Roskies, David G. 1: 327-35; 2: 271, 273, 278; 8: 285, 12: 279

12: 358-62 287; 11: 147 Rybkowski, Tadeusz 7:327

Rosman, Moshe (Murray Jay) | Rubashov, Zalman 2: 289,292 Rykwert,Szymon 1: 227,

2: 150, 153, 406; 4: 6; n.5 247

10: xxxiv, 150; 12:297-306 Rubenstein, Richard 9: 296; Rymanowski, Witold 3: 301

Rosner, Ignacy 8: 188 11: 356 Rymkiewicz, Jarostaw Marek Rosset, Edward 6: 178, 186, Rubin, Icchak (Henryk) 6: 298 8: 395

192, 198 Rubinowich, David 6: 299 Umschlagplatz 6: 303, Rossi, Azariah dei 12:7 Rubinstein, A. 10: 184, 333-8 Rossman, Henryk 2:311 189-90, 193, 198-9 Ryngel, Michael 11: 234

80 Index of Persons Ryszka, Franciszek 9: 232 Sanguszko, Pawel 10: 130 Schiller, Solomon 11:77 n. 4 Rzymowski, Wincenty 7:264 Sanojcz, Jézef 12: 184 Schiper, Ignacy (Yitshak) 1: 4;

Saphir family 12: 130 2: 136, 230, 406; 3: 14,

S Sapieha, Cardinal 11: 348 362-3; 4: 160; 10: 100, Sapirsztein, Regina 10: 342 345, 379; 12: 85

Sa’adya Ga’on 10:310 Sarah bas Tovim Schleifer, Dawid Moses

Sablik, Beata 9: 235 10: xxxiii-xxxiv, 40-4 (‘Damaszek’),

Sachar, Howard 11:312-17 Sha ar hayihed al olomos autobiography 8: 44, 57,

Sacher-Masoch, Leopold von 10: 42-6, 50, 55-6, 58 59

9: 282-3; 12: 44 Shloyshe sheorim 10:41-4, Schlettstadt, Samuel 10: 300

Sachs, F. 9:13 46-65; editions 10:42-4 Schleunes, Karl 11:305

Sachs, Shneur 1:67 n.57 style 10:43 n. 12, 44-6 Schmelkes, Gedaliah 11: 147

Sadan, Dov (Shtock) 12:9 Sare, J6zef 12:20 Schmelkes, Isaac Judah . Sadzik, Jozef 1: 263, 267-8 Sarid, Levi Aryeh 8:7 11: 149-50; 12: 110 Safrin, Horacy 2: 232 Sarnecki, Zygmunt 4: 104-7 Schmidt, Leokadia, diary of

Sak, Yosef 9: 221 Sarner, Harvey, Ai B wartime Warsaw

Sakhmatov, A. 3:339 9: 247-54 1: 321-2

Sakowska, Ruta 4: 453-4 ~ Sar-Shalom of Vienna 10:306 Schmorak, Emil 2:297, 300-1,

Salanter, see Lipkin, Israel Sartre, Jean-Paul 1: 171; 302 n. 4, 303—4; 11: 147 Salij, Jacek 5: 473; 11: 277-8 4: 285; 10: 229-30 Schneersohn, Joseph Isaac

Salmon, Yosef 10: 345-6 Anti-Semite and Jew 11:10, 15

Salmonowicz, Stanislaw 11: 256-7 Schneersohn, Menahem

3: 301 Sasson, S. 10: 299 Mendel (of Lubavitch)

Salomon, Ch. 5: 199 Satanower, Isaac 10: 212 11:59

Salomon, Haim 10: 203 Sayers, Michael 11: 179 Schneersohn, R.S. 10:313 Salsitz, Norman 11:354—-5 Schacht, Hjalmar 8: 284, n. 77

Saltzmann, Szmul 11: 155 286 Schneersohn, Shalom Dov Ber Salvador, Joseph 8: 133 n.6 Schaeder, Grete 9: 286-8 11:10

Salwa, Mejlech Hersz 6: 113 Schaeffer, Rafael 9:125n.74 | Schneersohn, Solomon

Salwator, Gershon 11: 116 Schaetzel, Tadeusz 7: 156 Zalman (of Kopys) 11:62 Samborski, Jerzy 4: 381 Schafer, B.S. 4: 169 Schnek, Fela, memoirs of L’viv

Samek, Jerzy 5: 362; 9: 235 Schaff family 12: 130 4:224n.45

Samelson, Szymon 11: 330; Schama, Simon 10:386 Schneur Zalman of Liady

12: 17, 90 n. 8, 107 Schamschon, J. 10: 119 1: 332; 5: 401; 10: 188 |

Sammern-Frankenegg, Scharf, Rafael 3: 318; 4: 236, n. 25, 194, 344; 11: 419;

Ferdinand von 1:320 239; 7: 248, 303, 309; 8: xx; 12: 301

Samsonowicz, Henryk 9: 235; 11: xvii Schochet, Elijah Judah

10: 100; 11: 326 Schatz, Jaff 9: xvii 12: 340-2 8: 30 Schechtman, Joseph B. Schoenfeld, Joachim,

Samuel, Sir Herbert 2: 11; Schechter, Solomon 3: 336 Schocken, Salman 2: 406

Samuel, Sir Stuart Montagu 3: 276-8, 281; 5: 164 memoirs 8:94, 97, 103-5, 2: 29; 8: 30; 11: 63 Scheffler, Wolfgang 3: 359 107, 110-12 Samuel Dov Asher of Biskovitz Scheibler family 6:45 Schofman, G. 9:125n. 74

11:4] Karol Scheibler 6:9-10,39, Scholem, Gershom 1: 158;

Samuelsohn, Szymon 10: 210 57-8, 61, 63 3:311

Sandauer, Artur 1: 200-5, 295; Schein, Mendel 11: 144 and Shivhei habesht 3: 392; 4: 138-9; 7: 279, Schellenberg, Walter 11: 300 10: 184

281, 297 n. 7; 8: 394; Scherer, Emanuel 2:351 and Zohar 10: 168 n. 56, 9: 303; 10: 283; 11: 249, Scherlag, Marek 12: 172 169

257 n. 32 Schopenhauer, Artur 9: 268

Sandberg, Zofia 9:3 Schich, Winfried 3: 359 Schorr, Joshua 11:333

Sanguszko, Barbara 10:10-11 Schiff, Meilech 12: 150 Schorr, Mendel 11: 134

Index of Persons 81 Schorr, Moses (Mojzesz) Seidenman, S. 9: 134 Shatzky, Jacob 3: 122, 129, 1: 317; 2: 136, 230; 4:160; Seitz, Joshua 11: 146, 148 144, 200-13; 9: 233, 280;

7: 151; 10: 367; 11: 125, Sekowski, Marian 8:69 n.9 11:8n.65 132, 331-4; 12: 180 Seltzer, Robert 4: 393-4, 399, Shcheglovitov, I. G. 2: 427

Schremer, Adi 10:310 400; 11: 312-14, 316-17 Shedletzky, Itta 9: 283 Schroubek, Georg R. 11:338 — Selzer family 12: 130 Shenfeld, Ruth 5: 465 Schuber, Ernst 11: 339-40 Sembratovych, Sylvestr 12:41 Sheptytsky, Metropolitan

Schubert, Kurt 9: 272 n. 35,91 Andrei 3: 409-16;

Schubert, Ursula 9: 273-4; Semper, Gottfried 11: 160 11: 152-3; 12: 23, 41-2,

10: 384 Sendlerowa, Irena 3: 262, 264; 45,91 Schulin, Ernst 5: 428 4: 248, 252 Sheptytsky, Casimir 11: 153 Schulke, Commissar 8:272-3. Senkowski, J. 4:484 Sherer, Emanuel 9: 80;

Schulte, Eduard 1:315 Seraphim, Heinz 4: 466 10: 264-5

Schultz, Friedrich 10: 215 Serl bas Jacob, Tkhineimohes Sherman, Joshua 1:301 Schulz, Bruno 1: 198; 2: 362-4; fun shofar blozn 10:63-4 Sherman, Moshe 11:210 4:9, 136-7, 419; 5:430-2; Serpov, Alexander 12: 174 Shevchenko, Taras 12:29, 47,

7: 327; 8: 100, 114, 298, Serwatka, Karol 9: 100 138

427; 10: 400; 11: xxi; 12: Seweryn, J6zef 10: 356-7 Shipp, George 5: 429

170 seweryn, Tadeusz 4: 246 Shklar, Judith 11: 295

Schwabacher, Simon 11:139 Seyda, Marian 2:282n.4,285, Shlionski, A. 2: 230

Schwadron, Shalom Mordecai 314 Shmercowicz, Leib 9: 114

11:10 Shabad, Yakov 12: 233-5 n. 19

Schwalb, Nathan 9:198,200, | Shachar, Isaiah 10:385-6 Shmeruk, Chone 2: 234; 4: 47;

207 Shafran, Nahman (Natan) 5: 361; 8: 12; 9: 280; Schwarberg, Gunter 6: 299 9: 76 10: xxxiv; 12: 369-73

Schwartz, Abraham Judah, on Shain, Milton 11:340-5 Shmuel ben Avigdor 2: 155-6

smoking 11: 27-8 Shakah, Israel 2: 392, 398 Shmueli, Efraim 5: 466 Schwartzbard, Shalom Shakhna, R. Shalom of Lublin: Shneur Zalman of Liady, see

11: 236-7 and Ashkenazi tradition of Schneur Zalman

Schwarzbart, Ignacy 2: 273, writing 10: 88-90 Shochat, Azriel 2: 150-1 275 n. 1, 284, 286 n. 2, and ban on polygamy Shohet, Alexander 12: 301 308, 351, 389 n. 16; 8: 332, 10: 66, 68, 70, 76-7, Sholem Aleichem (Sholem

333, 339, 341-2, 352-3, 79-80, 82-4 Rabinovitch) 1: 138, 176, 355-7, 361, 364-5, 368, Shalkovich, Abraham Leib, see 187; 2: 230; 3: 146; 4: 57,

379; 12: 180 Ben-Avigdor 61-2, 65-6, 68; 7: 102;

Schweikert family 6:50 Shalom Roke’ach (of Belz), 8: 251-2, 290-1, 300;

Scott, Joan W. 11: 284 and smoking 11: 28-9 10: 392, 394; 11: 218, 231;

Sée, Eugéne 8: 26-7 Shamir, Josef (Diament) 12: 359

Seer of Lublin, see Horowitz, 9:116 toponymy in stories of

Jacob Isaac Shapira, Kalonymos Kalman 5: 174-5, 179, 181 n. 10

Seforim, Mendele Mokher, see 11: 14—15; 12: 351-2 Shpeizman, Leib 8:7 Abramovitsh, Sholem Shapira, Meir 11:21 n.65 Shpizan, L. 9: 126 n. 76 Segal, Kalman 4: 138-9; 8:393 Shapira, Solomon, and Shragai, Shlomo Zalman

Segall, Lasar 6: 225, 229 smoking 11: 28-9 11: 42-4, 50

Segalowicz, A. 2: 230 Shapiro, Eliezer-Yitskhok Shulgin, Vitali 1: 103; 5: 231

Segalowitch, Zusman_ 1: 180; 3: 145 Shulman, A. 10:335

9: 126 n. 76 Shapiro, Robert Moses 8:xx; Shulman, Kalman 1:52

Segel, B. W. 7:92 9: 280 Shulsman, Naftali Herz Segel, Harold B. 12: 363-7 Shapiro, Y. 9: 124 n. 70 , 10: 213

Segory, J.,memoirs 8:77 Shatyn, Bruno, memoirs of Shusberg, Gabriel 4:33

Seidenman, Ludwik 2: 286 Krakow during the Shwarz, Pinhas 9: 126 n. 76

n. 6, 308 Holocaust 5: 458-9 Shweitzer, David 9:72

82 Index of Persons Sichynsky, Miroslav 12:97 Simons, Szymon, the Younger publications of 11: 197-8,

Siedlecka, Joanna 12: 284-7, 3:57, 65 214

292-3 Singer (father of I. B.) 3: 160 sermons 11: 208-13

Sieminski, Waldemar 4: 129 Singer, Bernard 3: 132, 174, view of America 11: 204-8,

Sieniawska, Elzbieta 10: 209, 182; 6: 115-16, 224—5; 213, 214-15

217 7: 152; 9: 46-52; Skarga, Piotr 10: 139, 367

Sienkiewicz, Henryk 12:365 12: 179-97 Skidelski, Rachel 9: 111 n. 12 Sierakowski, Dawid 3:91 Singer, David 11: 67-76 Skolnik, Richard 11:354—5 Sierakowski, Waclaw 12:39 Singer, Isaac Bashevis 1:190; Skrudziriski, Aleksander 6:51

: Sigismund, see Zygmunt 4: 288; 5: 178-9; 6: 237, Skrzynski, Aleksander 2: 23, Sikorski, Roch 10:20 251 n. 36, 303; 7: 212; 8:9, 27, 32, 77; 8:31 Sikorski, Gen. Wiadystaw 299, 393; 9: 281; 10: 392, Skrzypek, Moszek 5:13 2: 270, 281, 289, 290, 294, 394; 12: 120, 293, 360-1, Skurkowicz, Shmuel 9: 110

296, 311, 314-15, 318, 372 n.8

376, 379; 8: 376; 9: 157 attitude towards suicide Skwarczynski, Adam_5: 167

and government attitudes 8: 415-17 Skwarczynski, Gen. Stanislaw to Jews 8: 332, 334, 340, books on 10: 333-8 7: 263—4; 8: 203

342-3, 352-5, 360-2, 363 compared with Stryjkowski Stawek, Walery 8: 284-5;

n. 13, 367 5: 278-9; 11: 382-3 12: 184

and government-in-exile and custom of majufes Slawoj-Skdadkowski, Felicjan

11: 419 10: 283 5: 162; 8: 117 n. 5, 120, 203

in Pifiskin 1919 2: 50-72 influence on Rymkiewicz and expulsion of Polish

and Polish Jews in Soviet 6: 336 , Jews from Germany Union 8:337 Poles and Poland in his 8: 260-1, 264

Sila- Nowicki, Wladystaw fiction 3: 344; 5: 288-302 policy of economic warfare 3: 295-8, 301; 4: 233-6; and Yiddish press in Poland against Jews 2:85;

9: 234; 11: 183 2: 233 7: 153-4; 8: 237; 9: 62

Silber, Michael 3: 384 Singer, Israel Joshua 1: 181, Sleskowski, S. 10: 110 Silberbusch, David Ishaya 188-9; 5: 279-80, 282; Stobodnik, Wiodzimierz

12:175 10: 279-82, 394 1: 197

Silbercwajg, Z., see Singer, Joseph 11:72, 74-6 Slominski, Moszek Pejsach

Zilberswajg, Z. Singer, Joshua 6: 227 6:112

Silberman, Eliezer Lipman Singer, Kalman 9: 168 Sloniewski, Modest 9: 86

5: 222, 235-7 Singer, Mendel 12: 174 Stonimski, Antoni 1: 197; 2:

Silberman, Minka 2: 232 n. 40 232, 403 n. 15; 4: 136, 139; Silberstein family 6: 49-50 Singer, S.D. 11: 220 6: 337; 7: 282, 301, 330; Markus Silberstein 6:58 Singer, Shlomo 11:73 8: 71, 86, 297; 11: 222:

S. Silberstein 6: 101 Sirberg, Greta 3: 265 12: 364, 366

Silverman, Kaja 10: 234 Sirkes, Joel (the Bah) 1:20, Stonimski, Hayim Selig 1: 101, Simchah Bunem of Przysucha 23-4, 26 nn. 23-4; 10: 66, 136, 138; 3: 119, 147;

5: 7,9, 400; 11: 38-9, 41, 75, 80-2, 84; 12:7 5: 222, 226-7, 235; 8: 326; : 62 medical Sirota, Gershon 11:116 9:5 knowledge 11:56 Siudak, Pawel 8: 368 n. 22 Stonimski, Piotr 2: 357 Simeon bar Yohai 1: 258; Sivitz, Moshe Shimon Stowacki, Juliusz 1: 259; 4: 71; 11: 40 11: 192-215 12: 369 Simeon Polner 10:310-11 attitude towards money Slowes, S. 9: 124 n. 70 Simhah of Speyer 10:78 n. 62, 11: 206-7, 211-12, 215 Stucki, Arnold 4: 138

83, 296, 312 attitude towards Reform Smagtowski, Wincenty N.

Simmel, Georg 4:8 Judaism 11: 209-11 5: 198

Simon, Ernst 9: 286-8 biography 11: 193-203 Smigty-Rydz, Gen. Edward

Simonis family 10: 202 in Pittsburgh 11: 196-203, 8: 141

Simons, Jakub 3:65 206—7 Smith, Martin 4: 370-2

Index of Persons 83 Smokowski, Wincenty 7:318, Solomon ben Aderet, see Stanczyk, Jan 8: 333, 353,

325-7; 10: 401 Rashba 355-6

Smolak, Kurt 9: 272 Solomon ben Nathan Stanistaw August Poniatowski, Smolar, Aleksander 2: 391-2, (Bobower rebbe) king of Poland 3: 56-7, 397; 4: 14; 7: 278; 9: 150 11: 68-9, 74 82-3, 97, 104; 4: 35; 10: 13, Smolar, Grzegorz 9: 177 Soloveichik, Hayim 11:18 136, 202-3, 205, 207, 210

n. 28 n. 61 Stanistawski, Jan 7:324

Smolazh, V. 1: 180 Soloveichik, Joseph 11:52 Stanistawski, Michael Smolen, Kazimierz 10: 342; Soloveichik, Velvele 11:21 2: 150-1

11: 353 n.65 Starowolski, Szymon 4: 20, 23

Smolenski, W. 3:47 Soltyk, Kajetan 10: 132-3 Starzynski, Stefan 7: 149 Smolenskin, Perets 1:58,85, | Solzhenitsyn, Alexander Staszic, Stanislaw 1: 42;

87-9, 92-3; 4: 59, 65 10: 255 2: 419; 3: 228; 4: 89; 6: 5;

Smolka, Franciszek 12: 88-9 Sombart, Werner 2: 406; 10: 9-10; 12: 273

Smolski, F. 7: 271 3: 203; 9: 56; 10:5 Stattler, Wojciech Kornely Smuglewicz, Franciszek Somin, Bettina 9: 273 7: 321-2

7: 318, 327 Sommerstein, Emil 2: 256; Stawarz, Aleksander 1:215

Smulski, Jan F. 2: 113 4: 246; 7: 150, 152, 155; Steck, J. 11: 158

Sobaniski, Antoni 2: 258 8: 256-7 Steczkowski, Stanistaw 5: 392 Sobariski, Oskar 10: 238-9 Soncino, Joshua 10: 306-7 Steczowicz-Sajderowa, Z.

Sobaniski, Count Wiadystaw Songer, S. 10:30 5: 361

2: 47; 5: 306, 324; 8: 25 Sonnenberg, Zundl 2:157-8 — Steiger, Stanislaw 11: 149, 234

Sobczak, J. 5: 365 Sosis, Israel 1:108n.3 Stein, Izydor 6:300 Sobczynski, Wiadystaw Sosnowska, Julia 3: 257 Stein, Pola 4: 306

9: 168 n. 36 Soszynski, Stanislaw 5:51 Steinbach, Peter 3: 360

Sobieski, Waclaw 8:79 Sowa, Kazimierz 11: 328-9 Steinberg, Y. 5: 232 Sobolewski, Walenty 3:85 Spektor, Isaac Elhanan Steiner, George 2: 398

Sochaczewski, Aleksander 11: 194, 196 Steinert family 6:50

5: 203; 7: 323 Spektor, Mordecai 3: 146, Steinhardt, Jacob 6: 227

Sofer, Rabbi Moses (the 148-9; 7:112n.45;9:125 Steinlauf, Michael 9:79 n. 64

Hatam Sofer) 11: 48; n. 74 Stempowski, Stanistaw 4: 159 12:118 Spener, Philipp Jakob 11:348 Stepieri-Bator, Zofia 10: 343

Sofer (Schreiber), Rabbi Spengler, Wilhelm 5: 445 Stern, Abraham 5: 167; 7: 329 Szymon 12:17, 118-19 Spielberg, Steven, Schindler's Stern, Alfred 12: 162

Sok6l, Z. 4: 485 List 11: 297, 361-2 Stern, Bezalel 2: 423 Sokolow, Nahum 1: 136; Spiewak, Pawel 5:471;9:234 Stern, Israel 6: 227 2: 102, 105; 3:127;5:107, Spinoza, Baruch 3: 204-5; Stern, Jonasz 7: 329

123; 7: 95, 98, 103; 11: 317 11: 78, 223 Sternhell, Zeev 9:56 n. 4 advocates Jewish deputies Ethics 11: 389 Stiles, Ezra 1:33 in the Duma 9:52-3 Spire, André 10:394 Stille Hilfe 5: 444-5

negative attitude towards Spiro, Gyorgy 12: 290, 293 Stoch, Franciszek 7: 157, 264;

Yiddish 12: 233-4 Spitzer, Dov Beer 11: 27-8 11: 272

and Paris Peace Conference Spivak, Chaim 10:280,282-3 Stodckel, Ludwik,

2: 10-11, 22, 24-6 Springorum, Walther 8: 258 autobiography 8: 46-7,

and Polish-language Spychalski, Gen. Marian 49,61 publications 2: 220, 228, 7: 168 Stojalowski, Father Stanislaw 237 n. 11; 7:94 Stachowicz, Michal 7:321 8: 78, 195; 12: 92 support of Herzl 5:116-18 Stahl, Zdzislaw 4: 183 Stojanowski, K. 5: 104

Sokotowski, Wladystaw Stalin, Joseph: Stola, Dariusz 8: 345-81

2: 80, 86 and Bund 9:59, 60 n.6 Stolarek, Aleksander 9:97

Sokomorovski, S. 5: 179 and Erlich and Alter Stomma, Ludwik 4: 9; 8: 411 Solomian, Fanny 11:375-—7 10: 250-1, 253, 260, 264 Stone, Daniel 10: xxxii, xxxiv

84 Index of Persons Strack, Hermann 11:349 Suligowski, Adolf 12: 221-3, Szczerkowski, Antoni 9:90

Stradomski, Wieslaw 225-7, 231-2, 237, 239-40 Szczesna, Joanna 11:324

11: 358-60 Sulik, Bolestaw 4: 370 Szczypiorski, Andrzej Stranski, Jan 1:217 Sulima, Helena 7: 328 1: 274-5; 7: 300-12; Strassman, Henryk 3: 278, Sutkowski, Prince August 12: 366

281, 286 3: 80, 104 Szefner, Baruch 6: 114-15

Straszewicz, Ludwik 9:51 Sutowski, A. 10: 100 Szeintuch, Yechiel 8: 177° Straus, Oscar 2: 19, 24 Sulzer, Salomon 11: 135, 140 Szela, Jakub 12:29n.6 Streicher, Julius 5:78, 81-2, Sumner, W.G. 4:6 Szelawski, J. 8: 130

89 Supinski, Paul 2: 80, 82 Szembek, Jan 8: 259

Stroganov, Count 5: 230 Suraski, A. 11:5n.8 Szereszewski, C. 9:4

Strojnowski, Juliusz 2: 355, Surowiecki, Karol 11: 173 Szereszewski, Rafal 8: 282-3

358 Sushkov, Nikolai 1: 105 Szerszunowicz, W. 4: 485

Stronski, Stanislaw 2: 284, Sussmann, Eliezer 10: 161 Szeszkin, Miron 2:305n. 2 289; 8: 342-3, 360-1 Sutherland, Adam 8: 20-1 Szewc, Piotr 4: 129, 139 Stroop, Jiirgen 5:385 Sutzkever, Abraham 1: 328, Szewczyk, Artur 9: 105

Str6zewski, Wiadysiaw 331, 333-5; 6: 239; Sziper, I., see Schiper, Ignacy

11: 350-1 12: 361, 369 Szkleniarz, Pawel (Wiktor

Struck, Hermann 4: 439 Swida-Ziemba, Hanna 9: 233 KuZnicki) 9: 168 n. 36 Struve, Henryk 7: 326 Swidrowski, J6zef, memoirs Szlamowicz, I. 6:99

Stryjkowski, Julian 1: 199, 201, 8: 76 Szlengel, Wladyslaw 7: 193, 209; 4: 419; 5:465;6:303; Swiecki, Edward 1:322 203-4

8: 290, 393-4, 395;9:234 Swierczyna, Bernard 1:223-4 Szmalemberg, Hanna 5:51-2 Austeria 2:364—5; 9: 235 Swietochowski, Aleksander Szmulewicz, Abram 6:115

on Communism 1: 204, 1: 147-8; 2: 221; 3: 179; Szmulewski, David 1:221

206-7 4: 78, 91, 103-4; 7: 94—6; Szmulowicz, Berek (Bersohn)

life and works 5: 273-87; 8: 328; 12: 249, 269, 365 2: 187, 190

7: 287-97 Swietostawski, Wojciech Szmulowicz, Mosko 3: 106

and majufes 10: 282-3 2: 259 , Szmulowicz, Szymon 10: 217

obituary 11:381-4 Swiniarski, Michat 3: 47, 49, Sznajderman, S. L. 10: 355, 357

on the shtetl 4: 138-9 51 Sznarbachowski, Jan 4: 191 Stryjkowski, Wilhelm 7: 318 Switkowski, Piotr 1:42;4:26, Sznejder, Azriel Samuel

Strzalecka, Irena 10:341 28 11: 148

Strzalecki, Andrzej 10: 340 Sylvestre, J.J. 5: 199 Sznicer, Chajm 10: 253 Strzemienski, Stefan 1: 228 Syrkis, Esther 7: 254-5 Szober, Feliks 4: 117-18; Strzeminski, Wiadyslaw 6:14 Syrniusz,S. 10: 105, 109-10 10: 275, 279 Stuckart, Wilhelm 8: 259 Syrokomla, Wiadystaw Szofman, J6zef 3: 278, 286

Stupnitski, Sh. V. 2: 222-3, 2: 202 Szokalski, Wiktor 12:15

233 Sysyn, Frank 4:32 Szopszowicz, Marek 10: 210

Stupp, Abraham 2: 271, 273, Szablakéwna, Halina 3: 262 Szoszkies, Henryk 2: 82;

278, 280, 282 Szac, A., autobiography 8:49 7:251n.13

Stypulkowski, Zbigniew 2:249 Szacki, Jakub, see Shatzky, Szpakowski, O. 4: 188

Styron, William 12: 293 Jacob Szperl, Michat 3:91

Subtelny, Orest 8: 402 Szaja, W. 5:365 Szpilman, Wladyslaw 7: 203-5 Suchodolski, January 3:95 Szajn, Izrael 8:183,186n.24, Szpotarnski, Janusz 12: 366

Sue, Eugéne, The Eternal Jew 188 Sztajn, Fanny 9:6

11: 173, 177, 179 Szapiro, Abram 3: 223 Sztajnsznejder, Abram 6: 163

Suesser, Ignacy 4: 121 n. 2 Szapiro, Pawel 12:319-24, Sztolcman, Hersz Wolf,

Suessmuth, Rita 6: 319 327-8 autobiography 8: 48-9, Sugar, Peter 10: 379, 402 Szawel, Szyfra 9:6 61

Sujkowski, Antoni 2: 252 Szczepanowski, Stanistaw Sztrauch, Zurech 9: 105

Sukiennicki, Wiktor 2:95 12: 131, 147 Szujski, J6zef 12:87

Index of Persons 85 Szukalski, S. 4: 178 Tarler rebbe of L6dZ, see — Thon, Yehoshua (Ozjasz) Szulc, Bruno, see Schulz, Rosenberg, Judah Yudel 2: 228; 4: 429; 7: 137, 140,

Bruno Tarnawski, Wit 12: 290 152; 8: 61; 11: xix, 132;

Szulc, Henryk 9:97 Tarnopol, Joachim 5: 234 12:17

Szulman, Jakub 6: 106 Tarnowski, CountJan 12:131, Thugutt, Stanislaw 4: 160

Szurmiej, Szymon 4: 477; 365 Tierhaus, Jacob 11: 17-18 5: 51 Tarnowski, Count Stanistaw Tislowitz, Jozef 7: 323 Szwajdler, Franciszek 9:97 12: 87, 121 Toaff, Ariel 9: 272 Szwajger, Adina Blady 11:108 Tarski, Alfred 1: 259 Tobi, Yosef 10: 306 Szwalbe, Natan 2: 221, 228 Tartakower, Arieh 4:161;8:4, Tobias of Vienne 10: 293-5

Szwarc, Marek 6: 223, 225-30, 233, 242-3, 350; 9: 70 Toch, M. 2: 405 ill. 2 following p. 246; Ta-shma, Israel 5: 361; Toeplitz, Teodor 3: 115

8: 414 10: XxXiliHXxxiv Tollet, Daniel 4: 484, 487;

Szydtowska, Felicja 6:269-70 Taxil, Leo 11: 180 10: 203

Szydiowski, Ignacy 3:96 Taylor, Myron 1:317 Tolstoy, Count Leo 1: 154; Szydiowski, Max 6: 268-70 Tazbir, Janusz 3: 359; 4: 6-7; 11: 157 Szyfman, Adolf 2:352, 357 10: 104, 113, 273-4, Tomaszewski, Jerzy 1: 295;

Szyfman, L. 6: 164 281-2 4: 432; 7: 315; 8: xix, 9,

Szyk, Artur 2: 82; 7: 323-4 Tchaikov, Josif 6: 223, 225 89-90, 95, 256 n. 3, 261;

Szyk (Schick), Baruch ben Tcherikover, Elias 3: 205 9: 232 Jakob 10: 212-13 Tchlenov, Yehiel 2: 10-11; Tomaszewski, Leszek 3: 298

Szyma, Tadeusz 10: 239-40 5: 121, 127 Tomaszewski, Piotr 3: 251 Szymanowska, Celina 5:186, Tec, Nechama 9: 296; Tomczyk, Anna 9:92

188-9; 9: 278 10: xxxiv; 11: 356, 360-1 Tomkevicz, Benjamin 9: 125

Szymanowski, Julian 2:259 Teitelbaum, Moses ben Zevi n. 74

Szymanowski, Waclaw 4: 108 (of Ujhely) 11: 29-30 Tomkiewicz, Mina, memoirs

Szymanowski, Zygmunt Teitl, Josef 9: 118 of Bergen-Belsen

7: 261 Temkin (Tiomkin), Z. 5: 114 1: 324-6; 7: 205

Szymaniska, Maria 3: 268 Tendlarz, Mojzesz, Tondos, Tadeusz 7:318 Szymborski, Michat 5:50 autobiography 8:54 Toporska, Barbara 8: 395 Szymezak, M.S. 2:88 Tendlau, Abraham 7:91 Toqueville, A. de 10: 226 Szymczyk, Agnieszka 3: 253 Tenenbaum, Abram Toscano, Mario 8: 408-9

Szymel, Maurycy 2: 232; 6: 109-12 Tournelle, F. 2: 192

4: 135; 10: 394-5 Tennenbaum (Tenenbaum), Towianski, Andrzej 5: 185, Szymkiewicz, Samuel 3:59, Joseph 2: 80-2; 3:211 188-9; 9: 277; 12: 365

66-8 n. 20 Toynbee, Arnold 2: 39; 8:33

Szyszko-Bohusz, Gen. Adolf Tennenbaum-Tamaroff, Trammer, Jerzy 7:301

T

2: 193 Mordechai 9: 153-4, Treadgold, Donald W. 10: 379, 156-7, 196-7, 206, 402 209-10, 228 Teodorowicz, Trebacz, Maurycy 6: 223; Jézef, 7: 319, 322

Tabaczynski, Benjamin 9:74, Archbishop 12: 42 Treitschke, Heinrich von

77 Tepper, Piotr 3:47 5: 76-7

Taboryski, M. 4: 485 Terlecki, Olgierd 2:65 Trepka, Eustachy 10:111 Tam, Jacob b. Meir, see Terlikowski, Konstanty 7:153 Treter, Tomasz 10: 112

Rabbenu Tam Tesniére, Jean 8:271-2, 275 Troki, Isaac ben Abraham Tanay, Emanuel 4: 299 Tetmajer, Kazimierz 4:83 1: 20; 4: 28; 10: 314

Tanenzapf, Ewa, Tetmajer, Wodinowski Trop, Sarah 9:6

autobiography 8:54 (Wlodzimierz) 7: 328, Troper, Harold 1:301-2, 306,

Tank, Maksym, memoirs 330 308, 310

8: 72 n. 27, 73, 86-7 Thaller, Manfred 11: 353 Tropper, Morris 9:74 n. 48 Targielski, Zbigniew 8: 411 Thiers, Adolphe 5: 202 Trotsky, Leon 9:57

86 Index of Persons Trumpeldor, Josef 5: 136-7 Turkow, Marek 8: 285, 287 Utta, A. 6: 204-5 Trunk, Isaiah 3: 209; 8:xvi,4, | Turkow, Zygmunt 11:114-16, Uvarov, Sergei 1:367

7, 300-1; 6: 262-3; 11: 216 359 Trunk, Yehiel Yeshaia 2:230; | Turnowsky, IsraelIsaac 11:18

6: 239; 11: 216-31; 12: 361 n. 61 V

as Bundist 11: 219, 224, Turowicz, Jerzy 3: 301; 4: 230, oe pal a.

227-31 233-5, 328; 11: xx vas, en * vn 37]

, , Valuev, P.A. 1:98

family history 11: 216-21 Tur-Sinai, Naphtali Herz ene

on history of Polish Jews (Turczyner) 1: 260 van der Leeuw. Gerardus 4:7 11: 227-31 Tuszynska, Agata 8:89, 100; Van Pelt Robert-Jan 10:3 A0

on Jewish destiny 10: — Vanuleta, Franciszek 7: 261

| 11: 223-7 Tuwim, Julian 1: 197, 253, Varennes. Georges 1:220 memoirs 8: xx, 299-322; of 276; 2: 232; 7: 279-80 330; Varshavski 0 a 1: 182-3

Lodz 6: 262-87 8:77, 137, 173, 296-7; Varehaveki Vakix 179

/ Vasil’ chikov, Prince I. I. 1:99

Poyln 11: 216-31, 373 n.6 10: xxxiv, 40 n. 2, 401; Ld a

reticence about money 11: 109; 12: 170 Vautrin. Hubert 10: xxi. 200

11: 221-2 memoir of 6: 253-61 3] c ee

Lo. . . Velvel Zbarazher, see Ze’ ev

Trusiewicz, K. 1:127n. 27 Tyburowski, Wiestaw 12: 356 ; Trusiewicz, Stanislaw 9:37 Tygel, Zelig 2:78, 80-1 (Wolf), Benjamin

; , ve Veseille, Otton 9: 86

Trzcinski, Andrzej 8: 412 Tyrmnauer, Gabriella 9: 296 ,; yey Trzeciak, Father Stanislaw Tyrrell, William |. .: ben , Vilna2:46;5:324-5 Gaon, see Elijah 5: 105; 7: 150; 8: 138; Tyszka, Jan, see Jogiches, Leon Solomon Zalman

11: 271 Tyszka, Leon, memoirs Viltshinski, Yekhezkl 4:98

Trzecieski, Andrzej 10:Vinaver, 111 1: 316-20; 7: 226-7 Tsanin, M. 10:335 Maxim 2:28. ,

ae Vincenz, Stanistaw 8: 395;

Tschernowitz, 10: 86n.5see U 11:35] Tschlenow,C.Yehiel, ye

. ; Vishniac, Roman 5: 467

Tchlenov, Yehiel Ubisz, Alexander 271 387; . . . Vital, Hayim7:10: 11:59

. Vize, Adolf 9:94

Tsederbaum, Alexander Ulinover, Miriam 6: 239 ; 3: 148; 5: 238-9 Ullman, Isidor 5: 198 Vladek Berl 9:75n.50 attitude towards Poles Ullmann, Viktor 3: 430-1 Vogel B 4? 6

5: 225 Ulrich, Vasili 10: 255-6 Votler Henk 8:69 n. 12

editorship of Hamelits Uminski, Zdzistaw 3: 254 6 73 ry 9 a 5: 222, 224, 228-9 Unger, Isajasz 6: 106, 108-12, Volgyes, Ivan 10: 369-70 endorsement of 115 Volovici. Leon 5: 362 Russification 5: 234 Unszlicht, Julian 8: 152, 157; os

. Voss, Heinrich 4: 463

non-national view of 12: 253 n. 45 Viba. Rudolf. see Rosenber patriotism 5: 228, 232 Untermayer, Dr 8: 282, 286 Ww alter 6 report on Berdichev in Urbach, E. E. 10: 296, 308-10,

1860s 5:176 312

support forGerman-based Urban, Jan 11: 270, 273 W T education system 5:229 Urban, Jerzy 3: 316; 8: 153,

Tsherikover, Avigdor 9:5 162 Wach, Hayim Eliezer 11: 217 Tsheslo, Max 9:118n. 35 Urbanowski, Kazimierz Wachowicz, Henryk 9:90

Tsintsinatus, Aaron 9:118 5: 199; 7:46 Waclawski, Stanistaw 1: 173;

Tsitron, Pinkas 11:347 Urbanski, A. 1:79 2: 254, 258

Tsitron, Shmuel 5: 237 Urbaniski, Krzysztof 11:347-8 Wadowski, Marian 9:96 Tugenhold, Jakob 3:228;7:76 Urman, Ryfka 2: 467 Wagman, Saul 2: 221 Tulecki, Szymon 9: 86 n. 41 Usher, Robert 2:46; 5:320-3, Wagner, Jan 3: 277, 281, 291

Turaj, Frank 10: 225, 242 325-6 Wahl, Saul, legend of 4:34

Turk, Aleksander 7:318 Ussishkin, Menachem 2:22; | Wahrhaftig, Salomon 7: 140

Turkieltaub, Hanka 10: 254 5: 114, 121, 127, 146 Wajcman, J. 6: 164

Index of Persons 87 Wajda, Andrzej 2: 359-61, Wassercug, Jozef 8: 188 Weissmandel, Michael

366-7, 370 n. 5; 4: 344, Wasserman, H. 2: 406 11: 299

375 Wasserstein, Bernard Weizacker, Ernst von 8: 268 Wajnberg, Dawid Izraelowicz 1: 301-2, 304-6, 308; Weizmann, Chaim 2: 11;

5:10 2: 384 | 4: 471; 5: 146; 8: 23, 25,

Walczak, Adam 9: 105 Wasserzug, Moshe 4: 36; 31-2; 9: 55-6, 123 n. 62;

62 n. 41 n. 36

Wald, Jula, autobiography 10: 14 10: 413-14

8: 43, 44-5, 49, 50, 56-7, Waszkiewicz, Franciszek 9:86 Wengeroff, Pauline 1:57, 65

Waldheim, Kurt 9: 296 Waszkiewicz, Ludwik 9:92-3 Wenninger, Marcus J. 9:272

Waldman, Felix 2:86 Wat, Aleksander 11: 365-70 Wenzel, Edith 9: 273 Waldman, Morris 2: 83-4 Wawelberg, Hipolit 12: 247 Werschler, Iwo 3: 345-6 Walecki, H. (Maksymilian Wawtyn, Stanislaw 11:264-5, Wertheimer, Samuel 10: 203

Horowitz) 9:12, 23 277 Wesley, John 11:58

Walesa, Lech 10: 223 Wawrzecki, Tomasz 3:52 Wesolowski, Jan 4: 247-8 Walewska, Janina 3:301; Wazyk, Adam 7:58 Wesolowski, S. 8: 141

4: 232 Webb, Sidney, Lord Passfield | Westreich, Elimelech

Walichnowski, Tadeusz 11:64 10: xxxiii

4:317 Weber, Max 11:23, 356 Wetzler, Alfred 1: 218

Walicki, Andrzej 5: 470 Weber-Lutkow, Hans 9: 282 Weyssenhoff, Jézef 4:83 Wallasch, Criminal Secretary | Wegmejster, Joel 12:212n.1 | Wezyk, Aleksander 3: 114

8: 273-4, 278-9 Wegrzynek, Hanna 9: 235 White, Hayden 11: 288 Walt, Hayyim 9:118 Wehler, Hans-Ulrich 11:284 Wiatr, JerzyJ. 9:37n.25 Wandycz, Piotr 2:95, 99; Wehr, Captain 2: 59-60, 71 Wiatrowski, L. 5: 365

3: 449 nn. 20-2 Wic, Wiadystaw 9:43

Wapinski, Roman 1: 292-3; Weidenfeld, Dov Ber Widerszpil, Stanistaw 11: 171

2: 65; 8: 392 11: 16-17, 21 n. 65 Widuczanski, Mendl 9: 118

Warhaftig, Zerach 9:125,215 Weil, Simone 7: 189 n. 35

n.6 Weinberg, Abraham 11:18 Wieckowski, Stanistaw 7: 266

Warm, Dawid 5:13 Weinfeld, David 1: 253-4 WielguS, Stanistaw 9: 233

Warm, Mosiek 5:13 Weinfeld, M. 2:193 Wielogtowski, Walery 2: 210, Warman, Zygmunt 7: 234,251 Weinreich, Max 4: 50-1 212

n. 12 Weinreich, Uriel 3: 348, Wielopolska, M.-J. 1:79

Warner, Christopher 7: 167 444-5; 9: 124 n. 67 Wielopolski, Count

Warschauer, Jonatan Weinryb, Bernard 1:19; Aleksander 1:98; 5: 225; 12: 14-15, 119 4: 35; 10: 103-4, 288, 289 6: 89; 12: 244

: Warshavsky, Eser 6: 227 n. 10 Wielopolski, Franciszek Warszattowicz, Marian Weinstein, Leibl 9: 118 10: 324 ! 10: 243, 245 Weintraub, Wiadystaw Wien, J. 5: 198

| Warszawski, Jozef 1: 224 6: 227-8 Wienarski, Antoni, Wysokie. .. Waryniski, Ludwik 5: 267;9:51 Weisbrem, Israel 5: 227 11: 173, 177 Wasilewska, Sofia (Wanda) Weisinger, Zallel 12: 153 Wiener, Abram Dawid 4: 225 n. 54; 9:67; 10:255 Weiss, Aharon 8: 401-2; 6:114-15

| Wasilewski, Jerzy 4:9 10: 352 Wiener, Leo 7:117n. 99

: Wasilewski, Leon 4:160;9:18, Weiss, Joseph 11:45 Wieniawski, Henryk 10: 401

, 25-6; 12: 260 Weiss, Oswald 11: 140 Wieniawski family 5: 383 | Wasilewski, Zygmunt 4:185; | Weiss, Wojciech 7: 323 Wiercinski, B. 5: 210

12: 279 Weissberg, Max 12:171n.29 Wierczak, Karol 9:96

: Wasiutyniski, Wojciech 4:196; Weissblum, Ester 10: 342 Wierzbianski, Bolestaw 4: 380

| 11: 176 Weissenberg, Ester 3: 175 Wierzbicki, Andrzej 7: 156 | Wasser, Osias 11:132-3,147, | Weissenberg, S. 10:50-1 Wierzyriski, Kazimierz

: 149, 151 Weissler, Chava 10: xxxiii 6: 259-60

88 Index of Persons Wiesel, Elie 4: 304; 6: 319 Wisniewski, T. 4: 486 diplomacy of 10: 374-6 Wiesenthal, Simon 4:15 Wisniowiecki, Michat Korybut and minority rights 8:

Wigand, Arpad 1: 320 2: 133 | 19-23, 26-7, 29-31, 33-40 Wijaczka, Jacek 10: xxxiv Wistrich, Robert 3: 384; 9: xvii; Wolf, Michael 11: 139

Wiktorski, Pawel, memoirs 11:341 Wolf, Mojzesz ben Benjamin

8: 83-4 Witczak, Witold 11:358 10: 209

Wilczynska, Stefania 6:320-1; Witkiewicz, Stanislaw 7:323; | Wolff, Adolf 11: 157, 162

7: 221, 245, 249; 10: 356 12: 366 Wolff, Sabattia Joseph 7:24 Wileriski, T. Jozef Kwiatek) Witkowska, A. 5: 188 Wolffke, Mieczystaw 2: 261

9: 13-14, 23 Witkowski, Kalikst 3: 158 Wolfshaut-Dinkes, Max

Wilensky, Mordecai 9: 276 Witos, Wincenty 8: 122, 257, 4: 216, 218-19

Wilf, Icek 3: 255-6 261, 275; 12: 133 Wotkowicz, Samuel 2: 221,

Wilf, Lola 3: 255-6 Witte, Sergei 3: 178 228 a

Woe ae - 09 Wittenberg, Itzik 9:130n.97, | WoHowicz, Ostaf 10: 106

nenn, X. 9: 154 Wolowski, Franciszek

Wilkanowicz, Stefan 1:416 ———Wittlin, Jozef. 2: 232; 3: 391-2; 3: 109-10

Wilkoriski, August 2: 202-3, 6: 261; 11:127;12:170 Wolski, W. 1:70-1 211, 218n. 91; 4:74; memoirs 8:67n.5, 78,297 | Wolyriska, Malgorzata 5:51

7:me322, ds130 Wood, Peter H. 10: 399 Wittlin327 family 12:

Willowski, Jacob David ben Witz, Leon 12: 129 Woronczak, Jerzy 9: 233, , Ze ev (Ridbaz) 11: 202 Wladyslaw IV, king of Poland 236

Wilner, Arie 5:54 A: 34; 10: 12, 365 Woronicz, Janusz. 5: 195 Wilson, Woodrow 0 29, 100, Wladysiaw Jagieto, king of Woroszylski, Wiktor 10: 241

Neue Poland 2: 119, 125-6 Wrobel, Jozef 8: 427-9; 9: 235 dP lish_American Whast, Andrzej (Gustaw Wrobel, Piotr 4: 484; 5: 472;

an lati 1918 2:96 Baumritter) 7: 201-2 9: 280-1

Winchewski, Morys 9: 4.6 Wodzinowski, Wincenty Wroblewski, Julian 1: 230-1

Wincz akiewicz, Jan 2:200 7: 328 Wroblewski, Waclaw 9: 49

Winiarski, Bohdan 2: 257: Wodziniski, Marcin 9:233-4, | Wroniszewski, Jozef 4: 138

124 Ww ron Ikeh toe 257-8 . 8: ohl, Henryk 3: cad 119Walch ujek, Jak6b 1: 8: 260

Winograd. B a 06 Wojcicki, Aleksander 2: 262 Wunder, Meir 11:5n.8 Winowska, Maria 4: 343 Wojciechowski, A. 4:179 Wybicki, Jozet 10: z, 17

Winter, Benjamin 2:78, 81-2 Wojciechowski, Stanislaw Wybranowski, Kazimierz, see

Winter, Markus 11:329 8: 115; 11: 234 Roman Dmowski

Winterton, Lord 1:317 and the Jews 11: 148-9 Wyczaniski, A. 4: 482, 487 Wippermann, Wolfgang 3:358 Wojcik, Ryszard 6: 300 Wyczolkowski, Leon 7:328 Wirowski, Beniamin 6: 172 Wojdowski, Bogdan 4: 140; Wygodski, Jacob 9: 136

n.65 8: 393-5 Wyka, Kazimierz 8:393;

Wirths, Eduard 1: 220 Wojewoédzki, Waclaw 9: 86 11: 249

Wischnitzer, Mark 9: 188 n.41 Wyman, David 1:301-4,

Wise, Isaac Meyer 11:200-1, | Wojkowski, Franciszek 9: 105 308-10; 2: 383-4; 10: 341

210 Wojnowski, Prof. 2:196n.29; | Wymystowski, Michal 9:96 Wise, Stephen 2:79, 85, 89 11: 142 Wynot, Edward E. 4: 87, 425; Wisliceny, Dieter 11:299-300 Wolchik, Sharon 10:369-70 9: 281 ,

Wiélicki, Alfred 8: cc Wolek-Sonenberg, Jakob Wyrzykowski, Henryk 4: 249,

Wislicki, Waclaw 8: 282-3, 11: 154 252

285-8 Wolf, Elcan Isaac 9: 266 Wystouch, Bolestaw 12:33, 45

Wisniewski, Eugeniusz 9:86 Wolf, Larry 12:337-9 Wysocki, Adam 9: 86 n. 41 Wisniewski, Marian 8: 151, Wolf, Leizer 9: 130 n. 100 Wyspianiski, Stanislaw 1: 188, 160, 166, 168; 11: 265, Wolf, Lucien 2: 10, 12, 14—32; 259; 4: 82-3; 7: 328;

276-7 8: xix, 16-18 12: 365

Index of Persons 89 Wyssogota, Ignacy Zakrzewski Zaddok Hacohen Rabinowitz Zarnowski, Janusz 9: 233

12: 201 (ofLublin) 11:33, 41-2 Zarwanizer, ‘Leib’,

Wyszynski, Fr. 3: 117 Zadkine, Osip 6: 223 autobiography 8: 48 Wyszynski, Cardinal Stefan Zadrowski, Witold 4: 380 Zarychta, Apoloniusz 3: 278,

1: 275; 9: 181, 303;11:321 Zagajski, Stanislaw 9: 160 286-7 Wzdulski, Konstanty 4:92-3, Zagajskifamily 9: 161-2 Zatorski, Janusz 10: 224

95; 12: 251 Zagorodsky, Israel Hayim Zawieyski, Jerzy 11:321 ,

11:60 Zaworska, Helena 11: 252-3,

Y Zagorski, Waclaw 4: 303 257 | Zahorowski, Hieronim Zbarazher, Velvel, see Ze’ev

Ya’ari, Meir 9: 203, 209 11: 172-3 (Wolf), Benjamin Yaffe, Samuel 10:83 n. 81 Zaideman, Maurycy 9:53 Zbikowski, Andrzej 11:

Yakir, Yona 11: 242 Zajaczek, J. 3: 229 327-31, 387; 12: 339-40

Yakovson, Yoram 10:345 Zajety, W. 8: 161 Zbyszewska, Paulina 11:371 Yankelevitz, S. 9: 120 Zak, Abraham 6: 228 Zbyszewski, Antoni 2:79 Yatskan, Sh. Y., see Jackan, Zak, Beracha 10:345 Zbytkower, Szmul 3: 27, 65,

Samuel Jacob Zakon, Liebka 8:312-17 67; 5: 376, 379; 10: 204;

Yazborovskaya, Inessa 9:33 Zakrzewski, Grzegorz 11: 155 12: 201 n.17 Yehiel of Kutno 11: 211-16, Zakrzewski, Ignacy 3:52, Zdrojewski, Marian 9: 86 n. 41

218-19, 220, 224, 226 70-1, 95; 10: 11 Zdziechowski, M. 9:91, 105

Yehiel Mickal of Zolochiv Zaksem, Szadsel 6: 110 Zdziechowski, W. 9:99

12: 305 Zaleska, Zofia 8:379 Zebrowski, Rafat 11: 328, 333

Yehoash 10: 280-3 Zaleska-Hankowska, Maria Zechariah Mendel ben Arieh

Yehudah Aryeh Leib ben 9:13 Loeb of Krak6w 10: 52-3 David 10: 345 Zaleski, August 2: 24-5, 27, Ze’ev (Wolf), Benjamin (Velvel

Yehuda Leib 10: 191 40-1, 84; 8: 22 Zbarazher) 12: 165-6

Yelski Jelski), Israel 5: 117, Zalewska, Gabriela 9: 233 Zegadio, Adam 8: 412 120-5, 127; 6: 94, 99 Zalewski, Kazimierz 4:104-6, Zeidenman, S. 9:125n.74

Yermolayeva, Rosaliya 9:33 108-9 Zeidman, Moshe 9: 125 n. 74 Yerushalmi, Yosef Hayim Zalewski, Witold 3: 129-30 Zeidman, S. 5: 123

1: 329; 2: 409 Zalkind, Ber 9: 130n. 100 Zeitlin, Aaron 7:317 Yeushzon, S. 9: 126n. 76 Zalszupin, I. 6: 100-1 Zeitlin, Hillel 1: 360-1; 8: 218; Yevstigniev, Colonel 8:373-4 Zaltman, Moses 10:310, 312 11: xx, 77-93 Yitshak of Turkey 10: 367 Zatuski, Jozef Andrzej 1: 40; biography 11: 78-9

Yoffe, Israel, of Kopys 4: 26; 10: 103, 118 on Erets Israel 11: 89-93

| 10: 187-8, 190-1, 193 Zambrowski, Roman on Jewish spirituality

, Yom Tov Al-Ashbili, see Ritba 4: 343-4; 9: 170, 179 11: xvii, 87-8

| Yonas, Elijjahu 9: 127 n. 85 Zamenhof, Ludwik 4: 485 and Jewish survival 11: xx,

| Yudel of Tarler, seeRosenberg, Zamoyski, Adam 4: 380 77-93 Judah Yudel Zamoyski, Count Andrzej messianism 11:79, 84-91

, 3: 117; 10: 7, 17; 11: 372; religious belief 11: 83-5

,7 7, 12: 244Jan and territorialism 11: xvii, Zamoyski, Sariusz 11: 135 77-93 | Zaba, Napoleon Feliks 5:201, |Zamoyski, Count M. 5: 307 Zeitlin, Joshua 2: 157; 10: 213

, 207-8 Zamoyski, Gen. W. 5: 200-1 Zelechowski, S. 8: 174

Zabelin, A. I. 1: 104 Zand, Chaja 9:90 Zelenko, Konstanty 4: 380 | Zabicki, A. 5: 209 Zaorski, Janusz 2: 369 Zeleriski, Tadeusz, see Boy, Zaborowski, Stanislaw 2:129 Zapolska, Gabriela 4: 81; Zelenski, Tadeusz

3 Zachariasiewicz, Jan 2:212 12: 365 Zelewski, Jan 8: 144 , Zachariewicz, Jan 2:197n.42; Zaporowski, Z. 4:485 Zelichowski, Ryszard 3:301 : 11:14] Zaremba, Zygmunt 8: 202; Zeligson, Adolf 11: 162, 164

, Zacuto, Moses 10: 121 9: 30 Zelwianski, Hirsz 8:78

go Index of Persons Zelyanin, M. 9:113,127n.83 Zimmerman, Szmija 6:275-7 Zwara, Brunon, memoirs

Zemba, Menahem 11:13 Zimmermann, Michael 8: 82-3

Zera, Karol Antoni 2:355 11: 353 Zweifel, Eliezer 1:62, 152-3

Zerbe, Emil 9:90, 100 Zinberg, Israel 1:158;10:188 Zweig, Arnold 4: 438-41 Zeromski, Stefan 1: 188, 198; Zinger, Mendel 12: 174-5 Zwiebel-Gespass, Mme

4: 132; 12: 366 Zion, [lia (Elie de Cyon) 11: 144 Zetterbaum, Max 12: 169 n. 11:174 Zwierzewicz, Ewaryst 9:97

19, 264 Zipper, Hirsh 11: 134 Zyga, S. 5:365

Zevi, Shabbetai 11:28 n. 25 Zipperstein, Steven J. 10:368 Zygielbojm, Szmuel 2: 285,

Zevi Hirsch of Zhidachov Zlepko, Dmytro 10:361 286 n. 2, 351; 4: 460; 5: 54;

9: 275-6 Zmichowska, Narcyza 3: 116; 8: 342, 353 n. 6, 357, 361,

Zglinski, Daniel 4:72 11: 371 364-5, 368

Zheleznikov, Jacob 9: 115 n. Zmurko, Franciszek 7: 322 Zygmunt I, king of Poland

25,118 Zochowski, Br. 2: 190 10: 101-2, 104; 11: 129

Zhitlovski, Chaim 9:75n.50 Z6tkowski, Alojzy, Jr. 4: 102, Zygmunt II, king of Poland

Zhofer, Y. 9:118n. 35, 135 113 12:6

Zhukov, Yurii 2:277,278n.2 Z6dtkowski, Alojzy, Sr. 2: 201; Zygmunt III, king of Poland

Ziatkowski, M.A. L. 5: 364-5 4: 107,113 2: 133; 3: 25, 33-4; 7: 6; Zieliriska, Ludmila Svinka ZongoHowicz, Revd 8: 125 11: 128

4: 299 Zonik, Zygmunt 6: 299 Zygmunt August, king of

Zielinski, Henryk 1: 289; 2: 64 Zuchowski, Stefan 10: 102-5, Poland 2: 121, 132-3;

Zienkowicz, Leon 7:45 109-13, 115, 119, 121-8, 4:28 Zienkowska, Krystyna 3: 104; 131 Zygulski, Kazimierz 4: 118 9: 280; 10: 323, 331, 382 Zucker, Filip 12: 118n. 80 Zyndram-Kosciatkowski,

Zilber, Israel 10: 253 Zuckerman, B. 1: 227-8, 231 Marian 2:57

Zilberg, Moyshe 12: 175-6 Zuckerman, Yitzhak (Antek) | _Zyndul, Jolanta 9: 234

Zilberlicht, Mojsej 10: 254 9: 197, 209-11, 223-4 Zyngman, J. 6: 299 Zilbershtrom, M. 5: 123 Zucotti, Susan 9: 296 Zyskielewicz, Herszek 10: 138 Zilberswajg, Z. 6: 114-15 Zukowski, J. 4: 252 Zytman, David 6: 228 Zimetman, Mala 10:343 Zundelewicz, Aron 9:3-4 Zytnicki, Hersz Lejb 6: 115 Zimmerman, M. 2: 406 Zurek, Slawomir 11: 390 Zywulska, Katarzyna 10: 260

General Index Entries are in English alphabetical order, ignoring diacritical marks.

A andthe Bund 9:62, 71 creation of 11:35

academics, Jewish 1:99 electoral successes 9: 78-9 acculturation ofJews 3: 131, 220; 8: 12, 44, 51, and kehilahelections 8: 209-10, 214-23, 225

389; 12: 14, 16, 81, 245 and municipal elections in 1936 9:99

definition 3: 130, 138 n. 33 newspaper 11:116 in eastern Europe 2: 421-2 and Polish state 8:21

in Galicia 12:36, 44-5 studies of 8:11 genealogy of acculturated families 5:372-84 as uniting hasidim and mitnagedim 11:23 in Germany 5: 223 and yeshivas 11:21-4 idealism of 2: 7-8 see also Tse’irei Agudas Yisroel

as indication of loyalty 5: 228 Agudat Hasotsialistim Haivriyim Belondon

and Jewish press 8: 189, 193 Jewish Socialist Union in London) 9: 4-5 Jewish progressives and 12: 81-2 aharonim 10:91 Polonized Jews 1: 131, 134, 136, 197;3:132, | Ahavat Zion 12:94

135, 147, 160, 164 AK, see Armia Krajowa

and poor relief 12: 156, 158 Akiva youth movement 8: 294; 9: 153-4, 196-7

Russian concept of 5: 258 and Erets Israel 9: 203-4, 206, 213

in Warsaw, 1882-97 3: 122-41 and resistance through education 9: 222

and Zionism 12: 162 see also Zionism

see also assimilation, Jewish; conversion to alcohol trade, role of Jews in 1:32, 43;

Christianity; culture, Polish: Jewish 2: 418-20; 3: 110; 5: 7; 12: 30 financiers as supporters of; equal rights: see also innkeeping, as a Jewish occupation;

for Jews; Germanization; integration, nobility, Polish: and the Jews

Jewish; intelligentsia, Jewish; Aleksandr6éw:

: intermarriage; Kolo Miodziezy Polskiej rebbeof 11:57 , im. Berka Joselewicza; patriotism, of Jews; yeshivasin 11:4, 9, 13, 14, 18 | Polonization; Russification; surnames; Aleksota, synagogue 2: 186 , Towarzystwo dla Krzewienia Sztuk Algemayner Yidisher Arbeter Bund in Rusland

: Pieknych; Zjednoczenie; and under un Poyln (General Jewish Labour Union

Galicia in Russia and Poland), see Bund | Jewish history 9: 236 Zionists 8: 223

Adam Mickiewicz University, and study of Al-hamishmar faction of Polish General agriculture, Jews in 8: 95-6, 102-3, 177, 239 aliyah, see emigration, Jewish: to Palestine

see also landowners: Jewish Allgemeine Zeitung des Judenthums 12: 104,

, Agroid (organization) 9:114n.19 116

Agudas Ahim (Agudas Achim) 12:16, 18,91,166 Alliance Israélite Universelle 2: 8-10, 16-19,

| Agudas Harabonim (Union of Orthodox 26, 30; 5: 198, 478; 7: 45, 47; 8: 26-7, 139 Rabbis of the USA and Canada) 1:309; Alliance Polonaise de Toutes les Croyances

| 11: 199, 202-3, 211 Religieuses (Polish Interfaith Alliance)

| Agudas Yisroel 5: 11; 6: 146-54; 7: 139; 8: xvi, 6 5: 193-220; 7: 44-6, 48 } n. 3; 9: 70 n. 38; 11: 14 n. 45; 92 n. 78, 93, All-Polish Anti-Racist League, see

: 121-2; 12: 362-3 Og6lnopolska Liga Przeciw Rasizmowi

g2 General Index Amdur (Indura) 11: 124 in Austria 5: 468; 12: 84 American Jewish Committee (AJC) 2: 16, 78; bibliography of 5: 362; 1984-5 5: 481-2

8: 28 blamed on Judaism 8: 135

in 1918 2:95, 97-101, 111 and the Bund 9: 61, 65, 68—70, 80, 82; and Polish Jews 2: 76, 84, 86, 88-9 10: 261, 263, 265, 269-70, 272 American Jewish Congress 2:77, 79; 8:27 in Canada 1:305-6; 11: 341-2

and Polish Jews 2: 80, 82-4, 86, 89 and capitalism 12: 262 American Joint Distribution Committee, see and the Catholic Church 8: xix—xx, 47-8, 78,

Joint Distribution Committee 130, 149; 11: 175, 179

Amopteyl 3: 204-7 in the Catholic press 11: 263-78 amulets 1: 362; 10: 387; 11: 58-9 causes of 5: 471-2 anarchism 6:99 Christian 2: 462; and Nazitraditions 2:388 Anglo-Jewish Association 2: 8-10, 17 and class conflict 2: 169-70 Anglo-Polish relations and Jewish refugees, and Communism 10: 221-2, 243

1945~—7 7: 161-75 compulsory identification of Jews 9: 138,

anti-Jewish violence 8: xvii, 48, 205, 210; 149, 272

9: 65-6, 131; 12: 92, 281 conspiracy, international Jewish, see Jewish

1790 (Warsaw) 3:52-3, 78-101 conspiracy, theories of

1805 (Warsaw) 3: 105 definition of 4: 153

1881 1:75 of Degas 5:425

after 1912 6:103 deicide, accusations of 8: xix, 85, 148, 152,

November 1931 2:81, 84 155-7, 204 1935 2:85 and Duma elections of 1912 9: 48, 54 1935 in Odrzywé6l, see under Odrzywot east European 2:14 1936 in Przytyk, see under Przytyk and economic boycott 9:45, 50-1, 62

1936 in Warsaw 7: 154-5 and economic rivalry 8: 195; 9: 16 1937-9 7: 261-2, 264-5 in England 2: 385-6; 8: 33; during Second

1945-7 7: 162-6 World War 1:304-5

condemned by Catholic press 12: 348 enemies, Jews seen as 8: 80, 155-64, 200,

in Krak6win 14thc. 12:6 331, 335

£6dz Affair

see also expulsion of Jews; Pirisk, massacre European 4: 380 at; pogroms; Uman massacre and under in France 3: 436; 5: 425-6; see also Dreyfus anti-Jewishness, Christian 2: 462; 8: xix, 85 in Galicia 12:37, 43, 92

Antisemitic League 3: 419-20 in Germany after First World War 5: 59-60; antisemitism 1: 148-9; 3: 181-2; 8: xv—xvi, xvii, 11: 121, 188—91, 254, 304, 307-8; see also

44, 77-9, 335-6, 372; 10: 382-3, 390, 397, antisemitism: Nazi

399; 12: 268 global domination, accusations of

in 1946, incidents 9: 164 8: 139-40, 157, 159, 162-3, 173-5

in 1956 9: 170-83 historiography 5: 483-5; see also

American 2:386-7 historiography: Jewish , and the American press 2: 386-8 in Hungary 11: 282-3, 288-95

anti-Jewish boycotts 2:18, 24, 27, 221, 253; increase in 8:70, 87-8, 184, 195, 210, 284,

3: 181; 5: 109, 305; 7: 155; 8: 31, 77, 196, 327-9 198, 199, 204, 210-11, 237, 391; 9: 45, 50-1, of intelligentsia 9: 255 62; 11: 63, 245, 267-9, 272, 315, 347; 12: 21, Jabotinsky’s concept of 5: 157, 163

30, 256, 276 Jesuits and 11: 269

in Germany 6: 202 and Jewish artisans 8: 232

and Polish-American relations, 1918 in Jewish historiography 8: 4-11

2: 99-12, 114 and Jewish press 8:191

anti-Jewish jokes 8: 81-8 language and terminology of 11: 241, 264 n.

in art 10:398-9 3,276 n. 51

General Index 93 in Lithuania 9: 128, 132 in pre-independence Poland 8: 3, 388-92 ‘Litvak’ as object of 12: 252, 254, 273 in 1920s 5: 141, 145

among maskilim 92 in 1930s 5: 164, 166, 169

188-9 1937-9 7: 263

and mass emigration of Jews 11: 184-5, 1933-9 5: 103-13

and nationalism 8: 195-6 before 1939 5: 459 Nazi 5: 463; 8: xx, 347-8; in Poland 4:305 between the wars 2: 338-40, 342-4; 9: 58,

North American 11: 341-2, 344 61-2, 64, 66-70, 73, 90, 98, 234, 285, 301 and objections to shehitah 7:151-3 in 1940s 4: 227-8

origin of term 3: 419 during the occupation 2:376-81, 397

in Poland, see separate entry below 1945-7 7: 163,171

Polish liberalism and 7:95 post-1945 2: 392; 4: 255-6, 261; 9: 146-7,

politics of 3: 389-90, 394-6 170-83, 300-3

power, Jewish, accusations of 8: 30-2 in 1946, incidents 9: 164

progressive 12: 253-4 in 1956 9: 170-83

Prussian 11: 349 campaign of 1967-8 3: 315-16; 4: 228;

andracism 9: 271 11: 322-5

and religion 11:388 contemporary 10: xxiv resistance to by Jewish students 7: 261 in Armia Krajowa 11: 184, 188

roots of 12: 242-56 boycott ofJews 4:94, 96, 120, 211

rural 8:78 class criticism and 4:24

in Russia 2: 9-11, 426-29; 3: 161; 4: 497 communist attitude towards 4:317—-18

secular 9: 266-9 condemnation of 4: 284, 286

and Socialism 9: xviii-xx, 17-18, 20-1, 23, device for reconstructing Polish society 4:90

28, 30-1, 64, 67, 70 and Duma elections of 1912 9:48, 54

socialist analysis of (1890) 5: 251-2 in early modern pamphlets 4:21 as socio-economic phenomenon 5: 251-2, explained in Polish textbooks 4: 410-12

254 ghettoization, callfor 4: 186

in South Africa 11:340-5 as impediment to rescue of Jews during

in Spain 11: 209 Second World War 4: 298

in Ukrainian press in Poland 11: 232-46 influence on Yiddish and Hebrew literature among university students 2: 246-68; 5: 404 4:68 in USA during Second World War 1:303-4 Jewish quotas, see Aryan clauses; ‘ghetto

and Vatican 11:175 benches’; numerus clausus

H. G. Wells and 11: 297 in Kielce 9: 159-60, 162-6

and young Jews 8: 47-50, 52-3, 80-1 and Kishinev pogrom 10:371 see also anti-Jewish violence; blood libel; and Narodowa Demokracja 11:63, 147, 175, Catholic Church; distinctiveness of Jewish 196; 12: 271-83; see also under Narodowa

community; expulsion of Jews: from Demokracja Poland; ‘ghetto benches’; Jewish in Polish cinema 10: 225-7, 230, 240-1, conspiracy, theories of; ‘Jewish Question ’; 244-6, 279

nationalism: Polish; Natolin group; in Polish literature 4:82, 87-97 numerus clausus; pogroms; Polish-Jewish Polish political parties and 8: xix, 22, 80, relations; ‘Protocols of the Elders of Zion’; 194-205; 9: 36

racism; ritual murder; stereotypes, in Polish press 8: 129-30, 133-5, 140-1, 149, national: Polish, of Jews and under Galicia 159-60, 165, 172, 198, 390 antisemitism in Poland 2: 323-5; 3: 161; 4: 120, and Polish underground 9: 140-4, 146, 148,

167, 178-9, 327-8, 339-43, 439-40; 5: 155 476-7; 7: 273-82; 11: 63-4, 88 n. 57, 89 n. and Polish Workers’ Party 9:155 59, 95-6, 107-9, 122-3, 149, 184—6, 188-91, in Poznan 9: 172, 177 263-79, 313, 317, 321-5, 329, 347, 354 printing of anti-Jewish pamphlets in Krakow

1880-1905 12: 251 4: 20-1

94 General Index antisemitism in Poland (contd): Jung Idysz group 8: 413-15; modern, privilege de non tolerandis Judaeis 3: 46, 47, 1918-23 6: 223-30; 18th-c. painting 4: 26; 79, 102-3, 105, 216; 4: 346, 395, 397, 483; pogromsin 7: 324; Polish reactions to

5: 4, 26-7, 369; 10: 407; 12: 63 -4:'72; pre-modern Ashkenazi 10: 175-8; religious and ideological 4: 324-6 , religious 2: 418; see alsosynagogues, in in right-wing thought in inter-war Poland Poland: wall paintings in

4: 174-98 Polish: and depiction of Jews 10:398—402;

in Vilna 9: 133-4 Jewish motifs in 8: 404-7; Jewish subjects see also under L6dz; Narodowa Demokracja 7: 325-8; ritual murder as themein 4:25 and Index of Persons: Dmowski, Roman artisans, Jewish 1:99; 3: 66-9, 83; 8: 227-37,

Antyfaszystowska Organizacja (Anti-Fascist 244-5; 9: 10-11, 159

246 artists:

Organization) 9: 153 in shtetlcommunities 8: 103, 213, 412

apprenticeships 8: 101, 228, 231, 233, 235-6, see also proletariat, Jewish Arabs, Palestinian 8: 143-4; 9: 68-9, 198, 201 Jewish 2: 231; 6: 223-30, 239

Arba‘ah turim 10: 96-7 Polish Jewish, in 1989 exhibition 7: 313-33 Arbeter, Der 7: 133; 9: 12, 17-18, 20; 12: 260 Aryan clauses (Jewish quotas) 7: 263

Arbeter Emigratsie Byuro 9:67 n.33 resistance to by Jewish students 7: 261

Arbeter shtime, Di 6:96; 9:20 see also ‘ghetto benches’; numerus clausus Arbeter tsaytung 6: 107; 7: 133 Aryanism, andrace 8: 164—5, 167, 262

Arbeter vort 7: 137, 141 asceticism 12:304—5

architects, Jewish 6: 34-5 asemitism 11: 269 }

architecture, see under synagogues Ashkenazi Judaism:

Archives Israélites 5: 197-8, 200, 205-6, 212; Bible manuscripts 9: 273-4

7: 32, 35, 44 and sexuality 9: 59-61

arenda system, arendars, arendators, Jewish Ashkenazim, intellectual, culture of:

1: 21, 24, 32; 3: 207-8; 4: 397, 399 authority in:and custom 10:53, 91-3, 97; Armia Krajowa (AK; Home Army) 1: 214, 223; and printed text 10: 87-8, 90, 92, 97-8, 2: 381-2, 397; 3: 198; 4: 221, 228, 360, 364, 187, 191; of tsadik 10:345-6 366, 368, 377, 445-6; 5: 54; 7: 237-8, 245; canonical texts of 10: 92-3

9: 140 and impact of printing 10: 85-98

antisemitism in 2: 374-5; 4: 355 philosophyin 10: 95-6

9: 298 93-5, 98

Bureau of Information and Propaganda transmission of knowledge in 10: 87-9,

capabilities of 2: 357 see also Index of Persons under individual

help to Jews 3: 264 rabbis

and Jewish underground 9: xxi, 144-6, assimilation, Jewish 1:83; 2: 221-2, 237 n. 12,

148-9, 155-7 330, 440; 3: 108-9, 112, 115, 130-1, 143,

and Jews 4: 354-69, 446 148, 156, 161-3, 182, 218; 4: 162, 164, 214, and the partisans 2: 354, 461 334; 5: 379, 475-6; 11: 81, 112-20, 123-7;

purpose of 2:346-7, 377-8 12: 17, 76-8, 91, 269 question of Jews fighting in 2:342, 351-2 in18the. 1:42

see also Rada Pomocy Zydom in 19thc. 3:28, 29 army: 1864-97 1: 130-50

Jewish, proposals for 2: 296-7, 301-2 antisemitism and 1: 143-4; 5: 161; 7: 279-82; Polish: antisemitism in 2: 270, 314, 375, 378; 12: 262

Jews in 2: 303-4, 307-8 atheists, Jewish 11:94

aron kodesh 11:66, 70-1, 73, 141, 159, 167 bankruptcy of asa policy 3: 130-1; 12: 273-4

art: beards as barrier to 11:34 Italian, Jewish life in 8: 407-10 andthe Bund 9:36

Jewish 10: 383-6; folk 8: 410-13; gates as changing attitudes to, 1863-1914 12:242-56 motifs in 10: 170, 177 n. 79, 177-8; and church-going and 11:94-5

General Index 95 circumstances favouring 11: 34-7 and Warsaw Great Synagogue, affected by

and citizenship 11: 35-6, 271-2 11: 112-26 conditions for 7:95 and Lucien Wolf 8: 19-20, 22, 40 consequences of failure of 11: 187 Yiddishism and 1: 138

through conversion 5: 376; 8: 153—4, 201-2, and young Jews 8: 42-4, 51-3, 63

204 Zionism and 1: 140—2; 11:38, 124

debate on after 1863 1:76 see also acculturation of Jews; conversion to

decrease in 8: 189, 325~9 Christianity; Germanization; integration, definition 3: 130, 138 n. 33 Jewish; intelligentsia, Jewish;

desire for 11:34 intermarriage; surnames and under different meanings 1: 131 Galicia; Lodz

discrimination, as response to 11: 95-6 assimilationism, in historiography 8:6, 7, 12

Dmowski’s view of 12: 275-6 assimilationist movement 7: 137

effect on Polish culture 7: 281-2 Association for Settlement in the Land of Israel failure of in Kingdom of Poland 8: 325-9 12:18

of German Jews 1:373 Association of Jewish Trade Unions, see

increase in 8:90, 194-5 Yidisher Arbeitertarayn

and the intelligentsia 9: 3-8, 11, 13, 24 Association of Lodz Merchants, see

of Jewish artists 7: 323-4 Stowarzyszenie Kupcéw m. Lodzi Jewish nationalist opposition to 1: 137, 139: Association of Textile Industry Manufacturers,

4:91 see Stowarzyszenie Fabrykant6w

Association of159 Trade Lae Unions, see Zwiazek , inas_—middle-class Kielce 9: phenomenon 11: 114, ZwigZkow Zawodowych 11) and Jewish socialists 9:3, 7-8, 11, 24, 53 Przemystu Wiokiennicz “gO

156-7, 162, 164, 166 Association of Working Youth Union , See

‘natural’ 9:37n. 25 oh cmowente Miodziezy Pracujacej negative attitudes to 12: 252 attitudes to Jews 8: 76-86, 242 opposition to 6:91; 7: 265, 280-1; 8: 136, in Catholic press 8: 129-45, 146-75

199, 201-2; 12: 244, 255, 273-4, 279;8: in Te é under German occupation 337-8

Jewish school system 4: 161 liberal middle class 8: 194

Orthodoxy and 1: 132-3 rural 8:78

and ownership ofland 12: 134 Auschwitz 1:276, 324, 328; 2: 349; 5:54; 6: 298, _ of Poles to Jewish culture 8: 137 318-19; 7: 162; 8: 342, 400; 10: xxii-xxiii;

Polish attacks on 1:72 11: 287

and Polish intelligentsia 8: 79-80, 387, 389 death books 11:351—4

and Polish Jewish press 2: 233-4 infilms 2: 365-6 | in Polish literature 1: 68—80; 4: 71, 77-8; gas chambers 1:212-14

10: 390-1 ' Kampfgruppe Auschwitz 1: 222

: 279-80 362-4 : | Polish opposition to 4: 89-93; 5: 407 perceptions of, Jewish and Polish 4:13

Polonized Jews 1: 131, 134, 136, 197; 7: 277, recent scholarship on 10: xxxvi, 339-40, 357,

and PPS Proletariat 9: 35-7, 39, 44 Sonderkommando 10: 339, 341-2, 357

process of 11:33, 367 study of survivors 5: 446-8 resistance to 4:27 underground movement 1:212-26 semi-assimilationist position 1: 137 see also Birkenau and Socialism 9: 14-17, 18, 23, 25-6, 35, 37 Austria:

| socialist concept of 5: 255, 475-6; 8: 184 emancipationin 10:323-4, 330-1, 354, 382,

as step to integration 4: 284-5 389

| and survival 2: 374 expulsion of Jews from 10: 207

| terms 1: 130-1 and Jewish communists 9:56

| in Ukraine 12: 144 and Jewish contact with non-Jews 10: 202-3,

| in Vienna 5: 469 208

96 General Index Austria (contd): baptism ofJews 8:110, 123, 149-55, 157 National Socialist 11: 308 bar mitzva and marriage 1:64n.7

peace treaty with 8:116 Baranowicze, yeshiva 11:15

and Polish Jews 8:19, 71, 255-8, 262,275-6 | _Barczewo, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 44

see also Monowice; Vienna and Index of Bat’kvishchyna 11: 233 | Persons: Franz Joseph, Emperor; Maria BBWR, see Bezpartyjny Blok Wspélpracy z

Theresa, Empress Rzadem

Austrian partition, and Socialism 9:15, 18-24, beards, as a barrier to integration, see Jews,

40, 43 distinctive appearance of

autobiographies of young Jews in 1930s 8:xix, Bedzin:

42-65 synagogue 2: ill. 16 following p. 180

attitudes to Polishness 8: 50-3, 74 and youth movements 9: 197, 206-7, 209

as history 8: 64-5 beggars, Jewish 12: 151-5

languages 8: 43-4 beit midrash 7:70; 11:3, 5, 9, 204

sources 8: 42-3 23

and self-awareness 8: 44—50 and yeshiva, compared. 11: 3-4, 6-7, 13, 20, and value systems 8:54—5, 57-63, 64, 247 see also shtiblakh

see also memoirs and diaries Belarus 1: 100,344—5 autonomy, Jewish 2:13, 18, 20-2, 26-7, 102, Jewish partisans in 11: 360-1 119, 135, 151-3, 159, 344; 4: 24, 31, 391, and Jewish surnames 9: 290-1, 293

428-9; 8: 16-19, 20, 23, 39, 181, 184 Russification 1:98

abolition of (1768) 5:28 and Vilna 9: 208, 113, 122, 129-31 and Britain 8: xix, 23-6, 29-36 Belz: and the Bund 9: 18, 21, 30, 69, 72, 81 hasidic court 11:17 and Council of Four Lands 9: 187-91 yeshiva 11:10 and Minority Statute 9: 26-7 Belzec 4: 208; 5: 448; 12: 23

opposition to 9: 25-7, 30 Benei Heikhalah 11: 86-7

and Polish Socialist Party 9: 21-2, 28-31 Benei Yavneh 11:86 in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Beobakhter an der Weichsel (Dostrzegacz

1:30-1 nadwislanski) 2: 220; 3: 146

and PPS Proletariat 9: 40-3 Berdichev 5: 176

religious 9: 26-7 Bereza Kartuska concentrationcamp 9: 101 as aright 9:12, 14 Bergen-Belsen 1: 324-5; 4: 450

, and United States 8: 26-30, 31-2, 36 memoirs and diaries of, see Index of Persons:

vaadim 2: 150-3, 155-6, 160 Gitler-Barski, J6zef; Tomkiewicz, Mina

see also kahal; kehilah; privileges grantedto __ Berlin:

Jews Jewish community of (1770-1830) 10:377-9

Avangard 12: 174 synagogues 11: 131, 162

Avuka 7: 137 Betar (Zionist youth movement) 5: 158; 8:57, 294; 9: 154, 285

B _ Beth Jacob movement 11:19

Bezpartyjni Zydzi Religijni (Independent

ba’al shem! ba alei shem, status of 12: 297, Religious Jews) 9:99

301-2, 304 Bezpartyjny Blok Wspolpracy z Rzadem badkhanim 12: 165 with the Government) 7: 261; 8:6n. 3,

Babiak, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 (BBWR; Non-Party Bloc for Co-operation Balfour Declaration 8:25, 144, 184; 10: 375, 124—5, 206, 284; 9: 95-6

413-14 Biala Podlaska, synagogue 2: 186

ballads, Yiddish, see songs, Yiddish Biala Rawska, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46, ill.

Baltimore: 8 following p. 52 Bikur Cholin Congregation 11: 195 Bialogard Gdaniski, synagogue, 1988 use of Bnai Israel Congregation 11:195 5:45

General Index Q7 Biatystok 4: 484-6 Bobower rebbes, see Index of Persons:

charitable organizations 7: 121-32 Halberstam, Ben-Zion; Halberstam,

ghetto 4: 486 Solomon; Soloman ben Nathan

Jewish cemeteries 4: 485 Bochnia, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 Jewish population 7:125y Bohemian lands, Jewish community in and the Jewish underground 9: 153-4, 1: 377-9

156-7, 197, 209 Bolshevism 2: 15-16

Jews in 8: 252-3 and Duma elections of 1912 9:54

pogrom of 1906 4: 485; 9: 36; 11: 145 n. 12 synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 45, 47 German fear of 5: 75-93

town plan c.1900 5:37 and Jews 8:31-2, 81, 138-9, 168-70; 9: xxi, 6, Bible, translation into Polish 1:252-69 55-7; 11: 152, 241-5, 305, 347

Biecz, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 and working class 9: 60 Bielawa, and antisemitism of 1956 9:178,180 — book'trade, Jewish 12: 198-211

Bielawy: borderlands of former Polish—Lithuanian

bet midrash 2: 184 Commonwealth and national minorities

synagogue 2: ill. 1 following p. 180; 195 n. 14 3- 343-7

Bielski partisans 11: 360-1 bourgeoisie: Bielsko Biala, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:44 Jewish: and the Bund 9: 17, 50, 71; and 1912

Bierutow, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46 Dumaelections 9: 49-50; and Soviet Biezun, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45, ill. 5 Union 9: 139

following p. 92 Polish, and anti-Jewish boycott 9:51

Bihn, Di 3: 150 boycotts: bimah I I 69, 124, 141 anti-Jewish, see under antisemitism

; . 11: 299

Bina leiuim 6: 114 Jewish, of German goods, 1933-5 8: 282-9; Bircza, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46 Birkenau 1: 212-23 passim Braslav hasidism 2: 416 Birobidzhan, resettlement of Jews in 9: 117; Brest-Litovsk treaty 8-18

, 10: 259, 269 ; Brichah, the 10: 347-8

birth-rate, see demography, Jewish Britain, see United Kinedom

Birzhevye vedomosti 1: 106 Brody 1 9-80 Biulewn Urea iccy 711 , 10 proclamation against hasidim 2: 154 ‘Black Hundred’ 9: 46-7 Brzeg, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45

9: 153, 155 7 “oO

Blok Antytaszystowski (Anti-Fascist Bloc) eee nay records for (1784-1800) 10: 25-6

blood-912+7libel 1:40, 42; 2:Q221; 4: ;24-5, 46,48-9; ane 11: » ty 12:356 97/1: “17 rzostek, Jewish communi

, oe 10 nan 8: 148, 161; EE: 338-20, 348; Brzozowa, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 under the Commonwealth 1:36-7 Buchenwald 1: 218-19; 11: 285, 309-10

see also ritual murder Buk, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:46 ; B’nai B’rith, see Zwiazek oenera A nanan 40 Humanitarnych B’nai Stowarzyszeni B’rith ance) 1.pan 120one N. 1ov, » IUU, Ge BEY, Bnei Moshe vnoverment 5-115 465; 3: 175-6, 180; 4: 147, 214; 6: 95-7, 99,

see also Index of Persons: Ahad Ha’am 101-2, 114, 278, 282; 7: 142, 152; 8: xvii, xxi, Board of Deputies of British Jews 2:8, 10, 13, 294, 300, 312, 322; 9: xx-xxi, 11-12; 11: 96;

25; 11:63 12: 174, 254

Bobowa 11: 66-76 1935-9 11:389

Jewish cemetery 11:66 and Wiktor Alter 10: 257, 259, 263, 270 synagogue 11:66, 73; 1988 use of 5:45 Central Committee 10: 258-9, 264-5,

yeshiva 11:9, 11 n.31, 16, 23 268-70, 272

Bobower hasidim 11: 67~76 and the Comintern 10: 266 synagogue in Brooklyn 11: 68-70 and Communism 8: 138-9

98 General Index Bund, Bundism (contd): and young Jews 8:64 congresses: Fourth Congress 9: 18, 34-5, 40, youth movements 9: 65, 78; 10: 271-2 42; Fifth Congress 9:38, 59-60; Sixth and Zionism 9: 38-9, 61, 67-71; 10: 261-2

Congress 9: 42 n. 46; Eighth Polish and ZPSD 9:21

Congress 9:61 n.10 see also Socialism, Jewish; Tsentralrat fun and culture 10: 260-1 Yidishe Proffaraynen; Tsisho; Tsukunft defence organizations 9:65 Bund and Class Trade Unions of Jewish and Duma elections of 1912 9:45, 49-50, 53 Workers 9: 99-100 and Henryk Erlich 10: 247-9, 252-3, 257-72 burghers and Jews 1:32, 39, 42-3

finances 9: 71-8, 82, 100 complaints about competition 4: 22-4 and Folkstsaytung 10: 247, 253, 260, 262, burial, preparation for Jewish 10:59

270 Busko, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46

formation 9:15 Bychawa, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46 in historiography 8: 11-12 Byelorussia, see Belarus and Jewish emigration 9: 66-9 Bytom:

and the Jewish Question 10: 262-3, 268-9 and antisemitism of 1956 9: 173 and Jewish separatism 8:72, 76; 9: 12, 18, 26, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 44 30

and Jewish underground 9: 151, 153-4 C and Jews under Nazism 8: 340, 342, 360-3,

366 n. 21, 367-8, 370 Camp Military Council 1: 224 and kehilah elections of 1936 8: 181, 207, Camp of National Unity, see Ob6z

209, 210-21, 225-6 Zjednoczenia Narodowego

and kehilot 9: 62-3 cantors 10: 289; 11: 136-7, 140, 142, 144, 148

membership of 9:79 duties of 11: 136

and the Mensheviks 10: 262, 264 as opera singers 11: 116

militia of 10: 270 in synagogues in Poland 11:114, 116, 121, and municipal elections: 1934 9: 83; 131, 134, 136, 140-4, 148 1936 9: 63-4, 78-81, 88, 90-1, 98-102; in USA 11: 140, 204

1938-9 9:65, 78-81 capitalism:

and municipal government 8: 223-5 and assimilation 10:390-1

and nationalism 9:33, 37-9 association of Jews with 12: 261-2

origins of 5: 267 and emancipation 10:353

in Poland 1935-9 9: 58-82 as aJewish conspiracy 4: 191-2, 195-6 and Polish government 8: 20, 39-40; and the Jewish Question 9: 15, 23

10: 262-5 and Jews 9: 24, 56, 71, 203-4, 266

and political parties 10: 261-3, 265-6 relation to nationality 12: 267, 269 ~ and PPS 9:xx, 12-13, 17-19, 26, 33-4, 39, role of marriage in 10:5 59-60, 62—6, 69-71, 80-2, 99; 12: 257-70 and Second World War 9: 151-2, 203-4

and PPS Proletariat 9: 32-44 caste, Jews as 9:25

in Russia 9:38, 43,59 n.3 catastrophe, Jewish responses to 1: 326-35 and Sejm elections in 1930 9:63 n. 21 see also martyrdom, Jewish and Soviet control of Vilna 9:114n.18,115 = Catholic Church:

n. 25, 118, 126 and antisemitism 8: xix—xx, 47-8, 78, 130,

and Soviet Union 10: 259-60, 262, 266-8 149; 11: 191, 263-78, 348 and trade unions 8: 182, 248-9; 9: 75-6 and attitudes to Jews 8: 78-9, 85, 91

Y. Y. Trunk and 11: 227-31 and blood libel 11: 339, 348

in the United States 9: 71-2, 74-7 and conversion of Jews 8: 149-55 of Warsaw 3: 84-6, 89, 93, 95-6 Czynski’s criticism of 7:33

welfare programmes 9: 76, 82 and emigration of Jews 9: 140

work of in Poland 10: 260-1, 268~9 and events of March 1968 11: 320-1, 323

and workers’ conditions 9: 71-8 in Galicia, see under Galicia

General Index 99 171-82, 263-78 (Uniate) Church ,

and hostility to Judaism 8: 85; 11: xx, 36, Catholicism, Greek, see Greek Catholic

and Jewish literature 9:23 CeKaBe (lending societies) 9:72

and the Jews 1: 275, 293, 416-17; 2: 16-17, cemeteries, Jewish 5: 175-6, 466-7; 11: 66, 388

119-20, 172; 4: 445-6 in Poland, catalogue 3:333-4

Jews seen as enemies of 8: 155-64, 200 see also Knyszyn; Pilzno and under

and Nazi genocide 9: 141 Bobowa; Gora Kalwaria; Lublin; Piotrk6w and other faiths 8: 147-9 Trybunalski; Slovakia; women, Jewish and pogroms 9: 166-7, 303 censorship 9: xvii, 5, 134, 148

in Poland 3: 360-2; post-war 2: 392; in the Polish 1:177

20th c. 4:373-4 and press controls 8: 190, 191, 284

and Polish attitudes towards Jews 1: 39-40 and religious press 8: 130, 131

and post-war antisemitism 9: 181, 300-2 Russian 1:77 relations with Jews 3: 306; 11:36, 389 censuses:

religious orders, see separate entry 1564 10: 109

and Russian government 1:98 1565 10:105 in shtetlcommunities 8: 107-8 1764 10: 159n.32 and young Jews 8: 45, 46-8 1765 10: 28, 130 see also press, Catholic; Vatican 1789 10: 105

Catholic Church, religious orders 1791: and husband-wife age differences Albertines 3: 252-3, 256, 266, 268 10: 37-8; and Jewish marriage 10: xxxiii, Carmelites of the Child ofJesus 3: 268 12, 18-26, 34-6; and married children in

Felician Sisters 3: 265-6 parental home 10: xxxiii, 29;

Franciscan Sisters of the Family of Mary population—age distributions 10:31-3 (Franciscan Missionaries of Mary) 3: 241, and children 10: 22-3

246, 248, 257-9, 266-7, 270 Commissions of Civil and Military Order, Grey Sisters 3: 251, 253, 257, 266 responsibility for 10:8, 19-20 Grey Ursulines 3: 246, 249, 266 Central Committee of Polish Jews, see

Josephites 3: 260 Centralny Komitet Zyd6w Polskich

Magdalen Sisters 3: 251 Central Jewish School Organization, see Tsisho Oblate Sisters 3: 251, 265-6 Centralne Towarzystwo Opieki nad Sierotami

Pleszew nuns 3:248 (Centos; Relief Centre for Orphans and ! and the rescue ofJews 3: 238-75 Abandoned Children) 4: 450 , Resurrectionist Sisters 3: 250, 266, 268 Centralny Komitet Zyd6w Polskich (Central

| Samaritan Sisters 3: 266-7 Committee of Polish Jews) 4: 243-4, 246-7

, Seraphite Sisters 3: 265-6 Cermihiv 1:4

Sisters of Brother Albert 3: 242 Chadecyja, see Polskie Stronnictwo

Sisters of Charity 3: 242, 245 Chrzescijariskiej Demokracji : Sisters of Nazareth 3: 265-6, 269 change, social, among Jews 9: 10-11, 15 , Sisters of the Name of Jesus 3: 251 and intellectual life 10: 87-98, 377-9 ! Sisters of the Order of the Immaculate and knowledge of foreign languages

| Conception 3: 245, 269 10: 200-18

Sisters of the Order of St Elizabeth 3: 248, and marriage 10: 3-5, 10-1

| 252, 266 charitable organizations, Jewish 7: 121-32 Sisters of the Resurrection 3: 241-2 Charkiv (Charkéw), synagogue 2: 193

| Sisters of the Sacred Heart 3: 254—5, 265, chauvinism, Jewish 8: 10, 523

270 Checiny, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 . Stuzebniczki Sisters 3: 266 Chelm:

Ursulines 3: 256 abolition of Uniate Churchin 12:40

! Ursulines of the Union of Rome 3: 266 synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 Catholic Cultural-Education Association 9:92 Chelmno 7: 235

Catholic People’s Movement 8: 203 gassings 9: 230

100 General Index Chevrah of Nasielsk 9: 192-4 Chrzescijanski Zwiazek Jednosci Narodowej

children: (Chjena; Christian Union of National accusations of ritual murder of by Jews Unity) and antisemitism 8: 197

8: 148, 161 Chrzescijanski Zwiazek Spoleczny (Christian

friendships between Poles and Jews 8: 47-9, Social Union) and antisemitism 8: 203

99-101, 112, 169-70 Chwila 2: 219, 233; 8: 189, 218; 10: 393; 12: 181

gentile 8: 102 Ciechanowiec, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46

Chjena, see Chrzescijanski Zwiazek Jednosci Ciepiel6w, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 45, ill. 10

Narodowej following p. 52

massacres cinema:

Chmielnicki massacres, see Khmelnytsky Cieszandw, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45

uprising 244-6, 279

Chmielnicki uprising, see Khmelnytsky antisemitism in 10: 225-7, 230, 240-1, Chmielnik, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 Jewish, in inter-war Poland 11: 387 Chodordéw, wooden synagogues of 10: 143-58, Jews in Polish films since Second World War 163-6, 168-9; ills. 6, 13, and 14, pp. 153, 166 2: 359-71

wall paintings in 10: 169-79, ills. 15-19, Le Chagrin et la Pitié 3: 423

pp. 171-3, 175, 177 Nazi propaganda films 4: 464-5 in Krak6w 11: xix Polish—Jewish relations portrayed in

choirs, synagogue 11: 116, 136-7, 142-4 Polish Jewish films 3:315 in L’viv 11: 131, 134, 136-7, 140, 142-4, 148 10: xxxiv, 221—46

mixed 2:196n. 29 Yiddish, 1930-9 11:358-60

in Warsaw 11: 114-16 see also films about Jews, by Poles and under

womenin 11: 142-4 Holocaust Chomsk, synagogue 2: ill. 6 following p. 180, circumcision 9: 257-9, 261, 265-7 187 Citizens’ Economic Committee 9:94

Christ, as Jew, see Jesus, as Jew citizenship, municipal, in Polish-Lithuanian Christian Committee of Unified Lédz Voters, Commonwealth 1:43

see Chrzescijariski Komitet citizenship, Polish: Zjednoczonych Wyborcéw Lodzian and 1918 peace treaties 8: 116-18 Christian Democratic Party, see Polskie bill of 1920 8: 116-17 Stronnictwo Chrzescijanskiej Demokracji deprivation of 8: 120, 127, 199-200, 256-62,

Christian Social Union, see Chrzescijanski 275-6, 331, 334

Zwiazek Spoleczny disputes over 8: 118-20

Christian Union of National Unity (Chjena), for Jews 8:23, 116-19; 11: 35-6, 271-2 see Chrzescijanski Zwiazek Jednosci minority 8:14, 17-18, 21-2, 24, 115-16, 201

Narodowej restrictions on 8: 127 Christianity: rights 9:58, 252, 265

and anti-Judaism 4: 324-6; 8: xix, 133-6, see also patriotism, of Jews; rights, civil, of

147-9, 197 Jews in Poland

and the Holocaust 9: 195 civic society, participation in 8: 181-2 and Judaism 9: 272-3, 277-8 civil rights, see rights, civil

and Socialism 9:4 class:

see also antisemitism; Catholic Church; and the Bund 9: 70-1

conversion to Christianity and ethnicity 9:7, 12, 20 Christianization 8: 199 and municipal elections in 1936 9: 89-90 Christians, Palestinian 8: 143-4 see also proletariat Christians, and relationships with Jews Class Trade Unions of Jewish Workers 9: 95,

10: 102-3, 111, 140, 323, 363-4, 388 98-105 Chrzanoéw, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 clothing, Jewish, see Jews, distinctive

Chrzescijanski Komitet Zjednoczonych appearance of; sumptuary laws

Wyborcoéw Lodzian 9:94, 100 clubs, Jewish 8:73

General Index 101 coins with Hebrew and Polish inscriptions Communist Workers Party of Poland, see

1:5, 7 Komunistyczna Partia Robotnicza Polski

Comintern, and the Bund 9:59; 10: 266 communists, Jewish 4: 207, 214, 216-17,

Comité des Délégations Juives (CDJ) 8: 27, 34, 219-20, 224 n. 42, 225 n. 52, 228, 244, 328

35, 39 stereotype of 4: 14—15, 258

commerce, Haskalah view of women in 1:60 communities, Jewish, see kehilah Committee for Aid to the Jews, see Rada comparison, cross-national, of policies

Pomocy Zydom towards Jews in eastern Europe 8:13

Committee for the Colonization ofJews 1:317 concentration camp syndrome identified in Committee for Social Self-Defence, see Komitet survivors 5: 446-8

Samoobrony Spolecznej concentration camps 1: 274-5; 9: 101, 144, Commonwealth, see Polish—-Lithuanian 146, 295; 11: 88, 247, 250, 285, 297-8,

Commonwealth 308-10

communal life, Jewish, see kahal and expulsion of Jews from Germany 8: 255, Communism. 1: 206-7; 4: 318, 321, 347-8 265, 270 and antisemitism of 1956 9: 170-1, 181-3 Jews sentto 8:340-2, 363-4, 367, 400

attraction for Jews 4: 330-2 memoirs of 1:397

and the Bund 8: 138-9 resistance in 11:310 Communist Party of Western Ukraine see also Auschwitz; Belzec; Bergen-Belsen;

(KPZU) 11: 233, 243 Birkenau; Buchenwald; extermination in historiography 8: 12 camps; labour camps; Majdanek; Hungarian Communist Party 11: 282 Mauthausen; Neuengamme; Sobibor; identification of Jews with 10: 221-2; Terezin; Treblinka

12: 277-8 Confederation of Warsaw (1573) 11:176 and Jewish history 9: 4-5 3: 314-32

as a Jewish conspiracy 4: 191-5 conference on Polish Jews, Jerusalem, 1988

Jewish links with 8: 168 confirmation ceremonies 11: 137 and Jewish separatism 8:72 Congress Poland 8:70, 122 and Jewish underground 9: xxi, 144-5, and the Bund 9:19, 80

153-7 and crown rabbis 11:6

and the Jews 1: 296-7; 11: 241-5, 282, 305, andemancipation 10: 321-5, 326-32, 353-5

367, 381-2 and hasidic courts 11:38-9

and kehilah elections 8:213, 219, 221 and Jewish socialists 9: 3-16

and Polish underground 9: 150 and Jews 11: 34-5, 388; in Warsaw

in post-war Poland 2: 369, 392 8: 388-92

and press control 8: 190, 192 and PPS Proletariat 9: 32-44 and religious press 8: 137-40, 163, 168-9, 172 and 1830 rebellion 11: 34-5, 176 and role of Jews 9: xvii—xviii, xx-xxi, 55-7, and Romanticism 11:34

145, 162-4 yeshivas in 11: 7-9, 13-15

as solution to the Jewish problem 1: 204-5 see also assimilation, Jewish; integration,

and trade unions 8: 248-9 Jewish and young Jews 8: 42, 50, 54, 55, 64, 294 Conjoint (Joint) Foreign Committee 2: 8-11, and Zionism 9: 203-4 16, 18, 20, 22 see also communists, Jewish; ‘Judaeo- consciousness, national: Communism’; Komunistyczna Partia ofJews 8: 202 Polski; Marxism; Polska Partia Robotnicza of young Jews 8: 44-50, 51-3, 64

Communist International, see Socialist Conservative Movement 8: 205

International , conspiracy vision of history 11: 171-82

Communist Party of Germany, see constitution, Polish: Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands 1921 9:27, 143

Communist Party of Poland, see 1935 9:58, 83-4, 143

Komunistyczna Partia Polski contractors 9: xix, 158-9

102 General Index conversion to Christianity 1: 40-1, 185, 414; criminality: 3: 113, 133-5, 219, 415; 4: 28, 109; 5: 394; and image of Jews 9: 257, 265-6 6: 52-3; 7: 4, 95, 270; 8: 110, 123, 156-7; post-war 9:163

11: 348-50, 367, 370, 378; 12: 348 crypto-Sabbateanism 10:57 and assimilation 10: 390-1; 12: 245 culture, German 8: 70-1, 75

in Berlin Jewry 10:378 culture, Jewish:

discussion in Catholic press 8: 149-55 and the Bund 10: 260-1

to escape death 4: 46-9 in historiography 8: xvii, 6-7, 10, 12 forced 1: 133; 5: 174, 207 during inter-war years 8: 6-7

in ghettos 3: 240 and proletariat 8: 250-3, 297 as means of assimilation 8:74, 153 andrace 8: 166-8

and military service 3: 225-6 and separatism 8: 71-6, 329

to Orthodoxy 5:395 culture, Polish 8: xvii, 70-1, 75

in Polish literature 4:74 Jewish financiers as supporters of 4: 100 Polish radical right wing, view of 4: 175-6 and Jewish settlement 8: 136-7 from Protestantism to Catholicism among and Jews 8: 44, 50-3, 63, 153, 168, 170,

converts from Judaism 5: 376-7 195-6, 327

in Russian Empire 1: 105-6 culture, Russian 8:70, 75, 195

in 19th-c. Warsaw 3:29 culture, Ukrainian 12:92

see also under Galicia culture, Yiddish 3:14, 209; 12: 22, 85

conversion to Judaism 8: 123 Ikorand 3:14 co-operatives, Jewish 8: 181 in Vienna 12:171-3

Cossack rebellions in the Ukraine, 16th-c. see also education, Yiddish; language,

1: 337-8 Yiddish; literature, Yiddish and under

Cossack uprising of 1648, see Khmelnytsky Galicia

uprising , customs, religious:

Cossack uprisings of the 18th c., see and authority 10:53, 91-3, 97

hajdamaky rebellions and ban on polygamy 10: 68, 70-1, 84 cottage workers: Czas 7: 148, 155; 12: 17, 73, 107, 116, 119 and artisans 8: 227, 230 Czasopismo Chemiczne 7: 144

as potential supporters of Bund 8: 213 Czech lands, Jews in 5: 421-3; 12: 349-50

type of work 8: 240 Czechoslovakia:

Council for Aid to the Jews, see Rada Pomocy Jewish community 1:376-7,379-82

Zydom Jewish refugees from 9:76

Council of Four Lands (Va’ad Arba Aratsot) Czerwinisk, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 1: 20, 26 n. 22, 30, 50; 2: 138 n. 29; 3: 365; Czestochowa 9: 205 n. 36 4: 31, 34, 391-2, 395; 5: 173; 11: 230, 420; pogrom (1902) 5: 263

12:7, 9,67, 203-4 ritual murder accusations 9: 164

and heresy accusations 10: 208 synagogue 2: 191; 1988 use of 5:45 memoirs of Dov Ber of Boleché6w 9:187-91 Czudec, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 44

inrecent scholarship 10: 406 Czyzew synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 45, ill. 9 and ritual murder accusations 10: 102-3, following p. 52 121, 133

see also autonomy, Jewish D

Council of Trade Unions 9: 99-100 coup of May 1926 8: 83, 123, 125, 127,190,198, Dabie, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45

208 Dabrowa Tarnowska, synagogue, 1988 use of

court Jews 10: 203-4, 281, 365 5: 46

courts, hasidic, see hasidic rebbes Dabréwno, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 45

Cracow, see Krak6w Dachau 1: 220

craftsmen, see artisans dance, Jewish, and majufes 10: 273-5, 279-80,

crematoria 1:213-14 282

General Index 103 Danzig, Jewish merchants in 7: 5-9 Deutscher Volksverband in Polen (German

Darkest Russia 2:10 People’s Union) 6: 204; 9: 100-1

death: dialect, use by young Jews 8:43 candles and prayers for the dead _ 10: 46, diaries, see memoirs and diaries

50-6, 59-65 Diaspora, character of 3: 366-9

the dead as intercessors 10: 58-61, 64 and the Bund 9: 67-8, 72

Jewish conception of 5:397-9 and Yishuv 9: 195, 213 and mourning rituals: graveside practices Diet, see Sejm

11: 146, 257; memorial services Dilo 11: 233-40, 242-5 11: 118-20, 127, 145; seealsocemeteries, discrimination:

Jewish and the Bund 9:69, 72, 75

reciprocity of the dead with the living and municipal elections of 1936 9:97, 101

10: xxxiii, 55-60, 62-3, 65 opposition to 9:12

and resurrection 10: 49, 55, 57, 65 and Russia 9:7, 16-17 _— see also burial, preparation for Jewish and distinctiveness of Jewish community in Poland

under women, Jewish 8: 46, 74, 33 1

death marches 11: 307-9 and Jews’ political status 8: 201 Debica, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46 Russian Jewish immigrants 8: 389 deicide, see under antisemitism used to justify antisemitism 8: 194—6, 198,

Delegatura Rzadu na Kraj (Office of the 205

9: 138, 144 __ We |

Government Delegate for the Homeland) whether racial or cultural 8: xix, 149, 153-4,

Democratic Party, see Stronnictwo divin enames and healing 11: 58-9

Demokratyczne divorce, Jewish: .

Democratic Societies, see Komitety and arranged marriages 1:62

Demokratyczne and ban on polygamy 10: 66-7, 69, 81, 84

democratization, and nationalism 9: 22-3 and insanity 10: 74, (6-82, 84

e and marriage reforms 10:16

vem Brap NY Jewish 8:66, 90, 135-6, 177-8, and procreation, necessity of 10:67, 72-4, birth-rate | 10: 6-8, 10, M4, 31; and effects on and remarriage 10: 294-5, 311

carnit men See 10: 22 and ritual uncleanliness 10: 76—7

ny " 8. Divrey Akiba 7: 140

and inter-war poverty 8: xvi-Xvli Do boju 9:33

men: age distribution 10: 31-3; age at doctors, Jewish, in Prussia 7: 4-5 marriage 10: 5, 15; percentage of Domashniaia beseda 1: 105

population 10:21, 25, 36 Doreshei Shalom (Dorze Szulom) 12:16, 118

mortality rate, and gender 10: 21-2 n. 80

see also population, Jewish; towns drama, Polish, Jews in 2: 200-1

| Den” 1:103; 5: 232, 238 dreams, not considered portentous 11:59 , deportations, mass 9: 139, 142-3, 146, 150, Dresden, synagogue 11: 160

153, 203, 207-10, 224 Dreyfus Affair 5: 423-6 Depression, Great, effects of: Drohobych 8:8

on Jewish artisans 8: 230-1, 234-6 wooden church 10: 155, ills. 7 and 8,

on Jewish press 8: 183, 185 pp. 155-6 on Polish Jews 8: xx Dror 2: 447-9; 5: 149

on Polish towns 8:92 Dror (newspaper) 9: 224 n. 38, 229

| desertion, from the Polish army 9: 250-2 Dror—Hechaluts (Freedom-the Pioneer) Deutsche Sozialistiche Arbeitspartei (DSAP; 9: 125, 153-4

, German Social Democratic Worker’s and Erets Israel 9: 196, 213-14

! Party) 9:64, 83 and kibbutzim 9: 226

municipal elections of 1936 9:88, 90-1, and resistance through education 9: 212, :| and99, 103 218, 221-5, 228-30

104 General Index Dubienka, history of 11:371 negative view of Catholic Church 8: 136

dukes, etymology of 1:7 pedlars 8:94, 98-9

Dukla, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46, 48 and Polish—Jewish conflict 8: 195, 196 Duma, 1912 elections in Warsaw 9: xviii, 45-54 role of Jewsin 1:91, 102, 105, 107, 119, 135,

Dwugroszowka 9:50 145-6; 2: 83, 104, 339-40, 404-7; 4: 71, 93, Dzialdowo, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 45 103, 162-3, 181; 5: 27, 105; 8: 9, 13, 77, 94, Dziatoszyce, synagogue 2: ill. 3 following 125, 141-3, 170; 9: 66, 69, 97; 10: xxxi, 140,

p. 180, 186 150, 160, 200-5, 218, 353, 366, 406-7;

1988 use of 5: 46, 48, ill. 14 following p. 52 11: 33, 35-7, 184-5, 267, 315-16, 329, 388;

Dziennik Lédzki 6:92 12: 247-8; 1550-1750 2: 407-11; see also Dziennik Polski 12: 108-9 textile industry, Jews in Dzierzoniéw: and Ukrainian—Jewish relations 11: 238-9, and antisemitism of 1956 9: 180 245 synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 44 see also agriculture, Jews in; alcohol trade,

role of Jews in; antisemitism: anti-Jewish

E boycotts; arenda system; artisans, Jewish; boycotts; burghers, and Jews; capitalism;

eastern Europe: Danzig, Jewish merchants in; Depression, in recent scholarship 10: 369-70, 379-80, Great, effects of; First World War; guilds;

402-5 pedlars, Jewish; poverty, Jewish; privileges

Western ideas of 12: 337-9 granted to Jews; professions; proletariat, eastern Jewry, see Ostjuden Jewish; taxes on Jews; textile industry,

eastern Poland: Jews in; trade; trade unions, Jewish and mixed character of 4: 213 under L6dz; Torun;

Polish colonization policiesin 4: 211-12 education, Jewish 11: 130; 12: 226

Soviet deportations from 4: 219-22 in Austria-Hungary 11: 131 under Soviet occupation 6:311-14 and the Bund 9:69, 71, 73-5, 77-8

Echo Miast Polskich 7:32, 42 inGerman 1: 101

economics, influence of: for girls 11:387; Beth Jacob schools 11: 19; on architectural expression 10: 159 among Bobower hasidim_ 11: 68; in L’viv on marriage 10: 4~7, 13, 15-16, 26, 29 11: 136; personal reminiscences of on residence in parental home 10: 27, 29, 31 11: 95-6, 102—5; in Polish state schools

economy, German, role of Jews in 5:58 11: 151; in Wtoclawek 11:389

economy, Polish: introduction of Russian 1:97, 101-2 attack on Jewish ‘usury’ by Jan of Kijan 4:25 Jewish administration of 8:21, 24-6, 34

book trade 12: 198-211 of the Jewish proletariat 8: 243-6

competition between Poles and Jews 1: 75-6 and knowledge of foreign languages

as factor in Jewish emigration 12: 148-52 10: 217-18

hardships under Polish—Lithuanian levels of 8:178

Commonwealth 1:38 limitations on access for Jews 8: 122, 198-9, inflation, effects of on Jewish artisans 204

8: 229-30 in L’viv 11: 136

Jewish exclusion from 9:58, 62, 72 maskilim’s view of traditional Jewish schools Jewish landownership 1:32; 12: 18, 120-36, 1:54

143 n. 26 and patriotism 8:51

Jewish participation in L6dzZ 6: 178-92, 195 in Pittsburgh 11: 203

Jews as landlords 12: 29-30 in Poland, Russian vs. German _ 5: 229,

Jews as lawyers 12: 282 231-2, 234-5, 465

joint ventures with Christians 8:77 private schools: 1860-1900 5: 465-6; for girls

kehilotas bankers 5:28 7: 78-9

necessity of paying bribes under Progressive Judaism and 11: 134, 136, 138

Commonwealth 1:38-9 relationships with non-Jews 8: 46-8

General Index 105 religious 8:93; 9: 122; 10: 201 and intellectuals 9: 264 religious instruction in Polish secondary of proletariat 9:3

schools 11:387 under Russian Empire 1: 98-9; 5: 230

and resistance 9: 208-9, 212-31 and Russification 5: 231

in Russian language 5: 208, 258-9, 466 and Socialism 9: xviii, 24

Sabbath 8:93 in Warsaw, 1862 3: 122

in secular schools 7:76; 8:52, 168, 212, 251, see also equal rights: for Jews 328; 9: 73; 11: xix, 37, 39, 64-5, 127, 130-1, | emancipation ofserfs 1: 101; 12:29, 47

264; and yeshivas 11:5, 12,13 emigration, Jewish:

shtetl 8:93 to Argentina 1:117 in state-sponsored schools: Odessa 2: 423; Catholic press on 11: 267-70, 272-4 see also under Galicia; Kazimierz coverage of émigré communities in Jewish

stereotypes of women’s 7: 80-1 press 8: 182

struggle for 8:54, 57, 247, 295, 297 economic origins of 12: 148-52

and trade unions 8: 251 encouraged by Polish government 8: 126-7, traditional Jewish, see beit midrash; heder; 143, 201-2, 204—5; 10: 262-3, 269, 322,

Talmud: transmission of; yeshiva/ 409-10

yeshivas forced, advocation of 7: 157; 11: 276, 305; in

in Warsaw 11:388 1918 8: 22;in 1930s 8: 200, 202, 204—5;

of women 7: 78; 12: 235; books intended from Germany to Poland, 1938 3: 8; see

forwomen 7: 70; in eastern Europe also expulsion of Jews

7: 63-87 from Germany 11: 299, 305

and workers’ movements 9: 10-11, 75, 82 government policy on 4: 210-11; 11: 184-8,

yeshivas, establishment of in Galicia 12:6 317 in Yiddish 8: 24—5, 32, 37, 212; 11: 121 increased 8:70, 201-2, 204-5, 212, 256

Zionist 11:114 and the Jewish problem 9: 28-30, 58, 62, see also heder, literacy: Jewish; melamed 65-9, 80, 140; 12: 279-80

education, Polish: to Latin America 2: 86

about Holocaust 4: 413-17 mass emigration, Jabotinsky’s view on

about Jewish history 4: 402-24 5: 159-72

representation of Jews in 4: 418 to North America 11:61, 192-216

see also Solidarnosé to Palestine 1: 169~70, 317-18; 2: 86;

elections: 3: 276-94, 304; 5: 145-7, 150; 8: 60-1,

| Duma 1912 9: 45-54 143-5, 184, 219; 11: 151, 185-6, 273, 299; municipal: 1936 9: xviii, 61, 63-5, 83-106; from the UK 1:317 . 1938-9 9:65, 78-81 from Poland 1: 136; 2: 18, 87-8; in 1920s : Sejm: 1922 9:82; 1930 9:63 n. 21; 1935 11: 89 n. 59; after Second World War

9: 78, 84 11: 387, 389; 1945-7 7: 161-75; post-war

élites, Jewish 9: 189-90 6: 324-5; in 1956 4: 262;in 1968 4: 263; to

| impact of printing on 10: xxxiii, 85-98 Bavaria 5:57; forced 1: 122; 2:85; and modernization 10: 377-9 4: 187-8; to Palestine 4: 165, 186-7, 190; to | emancipation, Jewish 1: 105; 3: 102; 4: 435-6; Sweden 4: 269-80; from Warsaw 3: 182; 5: 407; 6: 89; 7: 33-4; 8: 21, 163, 389, 424, see also expulsion of Jews: from Poland

| 425; 10: 202-3, 216, 218, 377-8; 11: 34-8, and post-war antisemitism 9: 177, 181-2 122, 289-90; 12: 16, 34, 89 from Russia: in 1880s 1: 370-3; 2: 9; to

: and acculturation 4: 337 Poland 2:112

: and assimilation 4: 332-7 and Soviet occupation of Vilna 9: 124-31 | in Congress Kingdom, act of 1862 5: 224-7, and Soviet Union 9: 166

229; 8:21 to USA 2: 433-9

| Eisenbach on 10: xxxiv, 321-5, 326-32, and Zionism 10:347-8

353-5, 382 and Zionist youth movements 9: 198, 201-2,

| implications for ownership ofland 12: 122-3 205-6, 213, 285

106 General Index emigration, Jewish (contd): Evian Conference 5:85 see also acculturation of Jews; assimilation, exile, Jewish 10: xxxi-xxxii, 394

Jewish; equal rights: for Jews; meanings of for Jews 3: 366-9 immigration, Jewish; integration, Jewish; Expres Ilustrowany 8: 188 intelligentsia, Jewish and under Galicia expulsion of Jews:

émigrés, Polish 11:321 from Austria 10: 207

Endecja, see Narodowa Demokracja from Germany 8: 255, 265, 270; Polish Jews

Endeks, see Narodowa Demokracja in 1938 5: 57-93; 8: 64, 255-81

England, Jews in 13thc. 1:4 from Poland 4: 184, 186, 211,346; and the Enlightenment (general) 2: 130; 4: 26; 12: 60 Catholic Church 8: 160 effect in Poland 1: 36—44; 4: 27; 10: 200-1 from Russian Empire 1: 117; 5: 254 see also Haskalah (Jewish Enlightenment); from Warsaw 3: 52-3, 87-9, 91, 106, 108-9

marriage, Jewish extermination camps 5: 448-9; 9: 139, 142-3,

Enlightenment, German 1:67 n. 58; 7: 18-21, 146, 161, 205

| 28 see also concentration camps

equal rights: F influence on masikilim 1: 83-4

for Jews 3: 217; 6: 8; 11: xix—xx, 189; 12: 104

n. 17, 244; Jan Czynski and 7:31-56; Falanga, and antisemitism 8: 200 Catholic press on 11: 263, 269-72; Falenica, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45

defence of, 1937-9 7:260-7; Polish family, Jewish: attitudes towards 5: 406-7; restrictions on extended 10: 20, 28-9

6: 89; see also emancipation, Jewish; and kest 10: 27-31 integration, Jewish; rights, civil, of Jews in and modernization 10: 377-9

Poland; Tsarist Empire parents, and married children 10:5, 13,

for all Polish citizens 8: 120-1 27-31

Erets Israel 1: 117 size 10:30 , aid to Jews in 9:72 see also divorce, Jewish; marriage, Jewish; emigration to 11: 151, 185-8, 273-4, 299, polygamy, ban on

317 family history 11:94—111, 371-5

emissaries 9: 198-9, 205, 207, 213-14, 284 Faraynikte Partizaner Organisatsye (FPO; and Jewish national revival 11: 77-8, 80, 124 United Partisan Organization) 8: 72;

Zeitlinon 11: 78-9, 81-2, 84-5, 88-93 9: 130 n. 97, 154, 156 and Zionist youth movements 9: 116, 151, farmers, Jewish, see agriculture, Jews in

195-211, 213-14, 216-17, 225 Fascism, in Poland 9: 58, 61, 64 n. 22, 67-8, 82, see also Palestine 98 Erste yidishe shakhtsaytung 6: 113 Fascist Party, Italy, and Jews 9:56

Erste yidishe sporttsaytung 6: 113 fast in observation of Khmelnytsky massacres Esperantism as a Jewish conspiracy 4: 197 9: 173-4, 182 Esterke story 1:29, 360-1; 2: 127, 202, 204-6; federalism 9:38, 42-3 4: 128 n. 97, 394; 8: 319-20; 12: 365 Federation of Polish Jews in America 2: 78-4,

in painting 7: 322 87, 89 |

see also Index of Persons: Kazimierz III see also Polish-Jewish relations: in USA

Estonia, Jewish community 1:379-82 feldshers, in recent scholarship 10:372-4 ethnic conflict in inter-war Poland 4: 147-8, feminist movement, Russian 1:60

151-2 festivals, religious, in shtet]communities 8: 82,

ethnic diversity in 20th-c. Poland 4: 143-58 107-8

ethnic identity, see nationalism: and ethnic Fighting Organization of the Polish Socialist

identity Party, see Organizacja Bojowa Polskie}

ethnocentrism 4: 6, 34 Partii Socjalistycznej

Europa Plan 11: 299 films about Jews, by Poles:

Evian Committee 1:317;3: 285 Angry Harvest 10: 223, 229-31, 234, 243

| General Index 107 Border Street (Ulica Graniczna) 10: 243-6 Frankists 3:54, 74 n. 33, 109, 113; 4: 27, 29;

Decalogue 10: 223, 236-40, 243 2: 185-6, 188-9, 190 n. 4; 10: 131, 213, 216, Europa, Europa 10: 223, 229, 231-6, 243 : 390 Hour-Glass Sanatorium, The 10: 221-2 Fraye vort, Dos 3: 150; 12: 173 identification of Jews with Communism in Frayhayts glok, Der 6:96

10: 221-2 Fraytag 6: 108

Korczak 10: 233, 236, 240-3, 245 Freeland League 9: 130

Last Stop, The 10: 221 freemasonry 4: 197

Liberation 10: 229 as enemy of Poland 8: 200 , Mir kumen on 10: 255 n. 38 influence on Mickiewicz 7: 58-61 Niedzielne dzieci 10: 229 Jews and_ 5:377

Promised Land, The 10: 222-9, 240-3 linked with Jewish international conspiracy

Samson 10:221 theory 8: 149, 162-3, 168, 172, 173; Wedding, The 10: 221-2, 228-9 11: 171, 173-82

see also under cinema and Progressive Party 8: 390

First Proletariat 5: 250 Freiheit 2: 448-9

First World War 11: 11-12, 304, 327, 349, 373 friendship between Poles and Jews 8: 47-9,

14-4] 112

effects on artisans 8: 229 76-7, 87

effects on Jewish—Polish relations 8: xix, in shtetlcommunities 8: 96-7, 99-101,

Jews and Germany 8: 196 Fronde, see National Democratic ‘Secession’ and National Minorities Treaty 11: 186,315; | Front Mtodo-Zydowski (Young Jewish Front)

see also National Minorities Treaty 5: 162 | 11: 388 Front Odrodzenia Polski (FOP; Front for Polish

Paris Peace Conference 2:7, 15, 110, 114; Front Morges 9: 104

folk singers, Jewish 12: 165 Rebirth) 3: 264; 9: 141, 143 badkhanimas precursors of 12: 165 Frontom 11: 233, 245

see also Index of Persons: Gebirtig, Mordecai _—_‘ Fulda, ritual murder accusations in 10:101

folk songs: Fundacja ‘Shalom’ do Promogji Kultury Jewish 7: 88-9, 102; 12: 165-6 Polsko-Zydowskiej (‘Shalom’ Foundation . Yiddish 7: 99-101, 103 for the Promotion of Polish Jewish

! Folkism, Folkists 8: xvii, 20, 39, 312; 9: 99, 117; Culture) 9: 232

| 11: 112, 121-2; 12:94 Fundusz Obrony Narodowej (FON; Fund for

: and kehilah elections 8: 221 National Defence) 9: 160

and young Jews 8:64 funerals, in shtetlcommunities 8: 106

: Folkists 6: 124

,, and folklore, Jewish antisemitism 7:94 3: 442-3 G

, attitudes towards 7: 89-90 Galicia 1:131 : Perets and 7:88-121 acculturation of Jewsin 12:36, 44-5 | Folkspartei, seeZydowskie Stronnictwo Ludowe _affiliation with German culture 1:85 | Folkstsaytung 6: 107; 9:61, 67, 69 n. 36, 77-80; antisemitism in 8:8; 12:37, 43, 92

: 10: 248, 253, 257, 260, 262, 270 archival sources for Jewish history in

: Folksztyme 1: 342-3; 6: 107 7: 268-72

| Fordon, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46 Armenian and German minorities in 12:57

| Forma 6:14 Austrian reform agenda 12: 59-60

, Forverts 9: 133-4 andthe Bund 9:81 France: Catholics (Uniates) 12: 40-3

: Fourierists 7: 32-3 conflict of Catholic Church with Greek | and Jewish autonomy 8: 26-7, 35 conversion to Christianity 12:65

, Jewish community of 3: 436-8 culturein 12: 43-6

under Nazi occupation 3: 422-4 desire for partition of 12:32-3

108 General Index Galicia (contd): and origins of hasidism 11:69, 73-4 economic situation and Jewish emigration peasant movementin 8:195 12: 148-52 persecution of Russophiles 12:32, 35 economy, role of Jews in 12:5, 6, 8-9, 17, 30, pogromsin 12:47 n. 44 57, 66 Polish—Jewish relations c.1900 2: 440-2; education ofJews 12: 80; in state-sponsored 12: 54-5

schools 7: 79-80; 12: 17, 90 Polish—Ukrainian—Jewish relations, emigration of Jews 12:19; to the USA 1772-1914 12: 25-48, 87 12: 150-3, 159-60; to Vienna 12: 147-63 politics in 12: 31-8; after 1867 12: 86~99

ethnic relations in 12: 25-60, 87 poorreliefin 12: 156-8 fictional guidebookto 3:391-4 population: in 1773 12:52-3; 1825-1910 and First World War 11: 145-6 12: 26; in 1869 12: 86;in 1870 12: 103, 104

forced assimilation in 12:65 n. 16;in 1880 12:96 n. 17; Jewish Galician Social Democratic Party 12:92-3 12: 63-5, 86-7

in General Government 11:418 Progressive Judaism in 11: 130-46 Germanization 12: 66,71, 164-5 religious divisions in 12:38-43 German-language Jewish schools in 11: 130 Russification: of Ukrainians 12: 47; view of

hakhsharahin 2: 447-50 Jews as agents of, in Russian Poland

hasidism in 1: 363; 12:13, 340-2 12: 252-3, 258, 273, 277 Haskalahin 11: 131; 12: 13, 84 Russophilesin 12:95, 97-8

historiography 12:355-7 and shtetlcommunities 8:90, 91,95, 103 immigration from Russian Poland 12:82 synagogues in 2: 191; architecture of

intelligentsia, Ukrainian 12:39, 45 | 11: 388

~ Jewish community 8:71, 256-7, 275, 384-7; theatrein 12:44 9: 24; before 1772 12: 3-10; 1772-1848 yeshivasin 11: 3-4, 9-10, 16-17; 12:6 12: 11-15; 1848-1918 12: 15-20; after 1914 Yiddish culture in 12: 164—76

12: 20-4 Zhovkva, printing in 12: 210

Jewish élite in 12: 79-85 Zionism in 12: 18-19; and support for and Jewish integration 11: xix, 327-31 Jewish ownership of land in Galicia Jewish landowners in 12: 120-36, 143 n. 26 12: 134-5 Jewish legal status, reforms in, 1772-90 see also integration, Jewish; Kazimierz;

12: 61-72 Krak6w; L’viv and Index of Persons: Maria

and Jewish Polish-language press 8: 188-9 Theresa, Empress

Jewish Question in 12: 88-9 Galician Social Democratic Party, see Polska Jewish-Ruthenian political alliance (1873) Partia Socjaldemokratyczna

12: 111-17 gas chambers, see Auschwitz

Jewish secular culture in 11: 130-2 Gazeta Getta 6: 106

Jewish Social Democratic Partyin 8:194n.2 Gazeta Narodowa 7:32; 12: 107-8, 118 Jewish—-Ukrainian relations 11:235,238-40 Gazeta Nowa: Ludzkosé 3: 150 and Jewish vote in 1873 elections 12:100-19 Gazeta Polska 7: 149 Joseph II, Emperor, and 12: 49-51, 61, 65, Gazeta Poranna (Gazeta codzienna dwa grosze)

67, 70-1; and the Jews 12: 164; reforms of 9: 50

Uniate Church 12:39 Gazeta Poranna 2 Grosze 12: 276 landlord—peasant relations 12: 27-31 Gazeta Przemystu Miesnego 7: 149

landowners, Jewish 12: 120-36 Gazeta Warszawska 1:41, 68; 5: 108; 7: 150;

Landsleitsocieties 12: 153, 159 12: 200

legal position of Jews in, 1772-90 10:382 Gazeta Wyborcza 12: 292

in literature 9: 282-4 Gazeta Zydowska 7: 140, 215

literature, Yiddish, in 12: 166, 170-1 Gdanisk: military service by Jews in 12:69 and antisemitism of 1956 9:178

nationalismin 12: 32-3, 39, 94 Jewish population, 1920-45 11:386

operain 12:45 genealogy of Poles of Jewish origin 5: 372-84

General Index | 109 General Government 4: 205-6; 11: 362 in Second World War 11:99-111, 151-2, General Government region 9: 145, 149, 198~9 186-91, 247-61; Madagascar plan 11: 299,

General Jewish Workers’ Alliance: 305

in Lithuania 9:32 Weimar Republic and the Ostjudenfrage

in Poland, see Bund 5: 76-7

General Zionists 9:71, 78, 98-9, 125, 204, 285 see also Nazism

see also Akiva youth movement Gesaylte werter 7: 143 genocide, and Polish underground 9: 138-47 Gezer 12:175n.44

gentiles, see goyim ‘ghetto benches’ 2: 257-62; 4: 185; 7: 148, 157, Ger (Gora Kalwaria) hasidim 1: 132; 5: 124-5; 261-2, 271

11:9, 41, 45, 248 ghettos 1: 283-4, 403-5; 3: 308

court at Géra Kalwaria 5: 12-15 in Catholic press 8: 151, 172; 11: 270, 272 and homeopathic remedies 11:57 death rates 9: 139, 201, 215 support for Polish rebellion (1830) 11:34 deportation from 8: 339-41, 358, 362-8,

yeshiva 11: 8-9, 23, 54 370-1

see also Gora Kalwaria and Index of Persons escape from 9: 142-4

under members of Alter family German photos of 5: 385-8 Gerer rebbes, see Index of Persons under humour in 7: 192-218

members of Alter family and industrial workers 8: 241, 250

German Communist Party, see institution of 8: 133, 199; claim that Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands instituted by Jews 8: 133 German Cultural-Economic Union 9: 100 and isolationism 8: 195 German language, see language, German Italian 8: 408

Germanization 12:81, 83,90 literary descriptions of 11: 247-50, 253-62 see also under Galicia and Nazism 8: 262; 9: 138-44, 146, 148, 152,

German—Polish relations: 157, 161, 215

in 20th c. 5: 437-9 personal reminiscences of 11: 97-111; see

German-—Polish-Jewish relations, also under memoirs and diaries historiography of 3: 358-60 starvation in 9: 139, 154, 215, 220, 229

Germans, and municipal elections of 1936 and youth movements 9: 198, 201-2, 205-8,

9: 88, 90-1, 99-105 215-31

Germany: see also L6dz ghetto; Warsaw ghetto and deportations of Jews to Poland, 1938 5:85, under Kielce; Kraké6w

109 Gielniéw, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46

expulsion of Polish Jews from 5: 57-73; Gilyon tosafot 10: 301-2, 316

8: 64, 255-81 girls, schooling for, see under education

in First World War 11: 121-2, 304 Gliwice, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 44, 46 historiography 11: 283-5, 312-18 Glogéwek, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46

and Jewish communists 9:56 Gios and the Jewish Question 1: 122, 126n. 18,

Jewish life in, 1945-90 11:389 127 n. 25, 128 n. 31; 5: 251 and the Jewish problem 11: 274-6, 296-311 Glos Bundu 7: 142; 9:39

and Jews 9: 138-49, 295-6 Glos Detalisty 7:141, 144 | Jews of: and contact with non-Jews 10:200, Glos Jednosci 7: 142

, 207-8; court Jews 10: 203-4; and early Glos Kupiecki 7: 144 , settlement in Poland 10: 288, 291-3, 298 Glos Polski 6: 116 n. 3; 8: 188

| n. 31, 304, 314-17; see also Berlin Glos Poranny 6:116n. 3; 12: 181 and Nazi-Soviet pact 9: 108, 151, 204, 225 Glos Wolny 5: 209, 211-13; 7: 47

peace treaty with 8: 116 Glos Zydowski 2: 220

and Poles 9: 138—40 Gléowny Urzad Statystyczny (GUS) 8: 183, 189

and Polish Jews 8:25, 172, 196 Glusk, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46

and Progressive Judaism 11: 131 gmina, see kahal

, relations with Poland 8:19, 282-9 golem story 11:54

IIO General Index Golos 1: 103-4, 108 Grodno, Diet of 1793 10: 206 Gora Kalwaria 5: 4—13, ills. following p. 20 Gryboéw, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45

Jewish cemetery 5: 16, 21, ills. 14-16 Gryfice, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 45

following p. 20 guilds 3: 79-86, 89-90, 98

Jewish population 5:6 Gur hasidim, see Ger hasidim

Jewish settlementin 5: 3-23 Gwardia Ludowa (People’s Guard) 9: 144-5, synagogues 5: 13-14, 45-6, ills. 10-13 148, 154-6

following p. 52 GwoZzdziec, wooden synagogues of 10: 143-58,

town plan 5:22-3 160-1, 163-5, 168-9; ills. 11 and 12,

see also Ger hasidim pp. 164-5

Goraj, ritual murder acusations in 10: 138 wall paintings in 10: 169-74, 176-9 Gordonia (Zionist youth movement) 2: 448; Gypsies, Nazi policy on 4: 464 8: 43—4, 294

and Erets Israel 9: 196-7, 201, 203, 213 H newspaper 9: 219-21, 224n.38

and resistance through education 9: 212, Haarets 12: 181

218-29 . ha’avarah (transfer) agreement, see under and training farms 9: 226 Zionism and welfare projects 9: 219-20 Habad hasidism 2: 416

Gorlice, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:46, ills. 3 and Shivhei habesht 10: 184, 187-91

and 4 following p. 52 yeshivas of 11:4, 10,15

Gorz6w Wielkopolski, synagogue, 1988 use of see also Index of Persons. Schneersohn,

5: A5 Menahem Mendel; Schneur Zalman of

Gospodarka narodowa 8:87 Hab ney

government, municipal 8: 103, 181-2, 222-5; absbure Sinpire:

Jews in, 1670-1918 5:415

ma a 1918 5:415-20 government-in-exile, Polish 4: 205, 355-7, Ha’emet 9:46 IheslV 2: 146, 271150, Bae ee ao and attitudes toHaganah Jews 9: 140, 142, see also kehilah

360-1, $77, 383; 8: 11, 330-44, 345-81; hagahot (glosses), see under halakhic literature

163 raining cen in Lower 6: 324 | lh Silesia 1: 25; 4:2

documentary material on 2:310-20 hajdamaky rebellions 1:25; 4:23 sy ya:

martyrdom of Jews represented in Yiddish

and the Holocaust 2: 269-309 song 4:44, 46

See ee Hakarmel 5: 221-2, 224-5, 229, 233, 239 an eJews 2:375-6, 379 Hakhmei Lublin, yeshiva 11:4, 17-18

philosemitism of 2:399-400 hakhsharah 2: 447-50; 5: 136, 138, 141-2, 147, policy on Jewish rescue efforts 1 1 183-91 148, 151: 8: 7: 9: 226 request for bombing of German cities 1:310 pyakibbutz Ha’artsi 9: 196n. 1

goyim: Hakibbutz Hameuchad 5: 149; 9: 196 n. 1 wis anus to 8: 44-9, ae ne 159-60 Hako’ordinatsiah Hachalutzit 9: 196 . negiectJof inrecent writing 6: 90- halakhah 10: xxxiii, 298 Grabow, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 compromises in interest of safety 1:24, 27 Grajewo, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 on divorce 10: 294, 307

Chrzescijariski on polygamy 10: 66-8, 70, 72, 75, 78-9, 82-3 Great Northern War (1700-21) 10: 209 see also halakhic literature; sumptuary laws; Great Poland Camp, see Ob6z Wielkiej Polski Talmud Greek Catholic (Uniate) Church 11: xx, 152-3, halakhic literature 10: 90-8

232-46 Arba’ah turim 10: 96-7

and Ukrainian identity 3: 409-12 | Gilyon tosafot 10: 301-2, 316

Green Ribbon League 11:63 Guide of the Perplexed 10:95 Grochow kibbutz 9: 225-6 hagahot (glosses) 10:91, 94-5, 97-8, 303

General Index III Hemdatyamim 10: xxxiii, 44, 57, 61 Gerer rebbes, see Index of Persons: Alter,

as historical source 5: 394-6 Abraham Mordekhai; Alter, Yitshak Meir

Mishneh torah 10:91 Rothenberg

Pa‘aneah raza 10: 299-300, 302-4 as healers 11: xviii, 33, 42, 52, 56-61 Sefer hahayim 10:50, 55, 59-63, 65 Kotsker rebbe 11:33-—4, 38-41, 45 n. 46, 62,

Tsemah david 10: 350 217-18

Yam shel shelomo 10:87 n.7 Lubavitcher rebbe,on dreams 11:59

Halbersztadt trial 8: 285-8 on Maimonides 11: 49-52 Hamagid 5: 222, 235, 237 as miracle-workers 11:62, 68

Hamburg 11: 131 and modernity 11:34-5 Hamelits 5: 222, 224—5, 227-9, 234; 7: 82 myths surrounding 11:69, 73, 76 Hamitspeh 7: 137 Novominsker rebbe 11:7 Handels und Industrielblatt: Neue Lodzer as political activists 11:45, 63-4

Zeitung 6: 108-9 power of 11:6

Hanovar 7: 140 proximity of, sought by hasidim 11: 69-71 Hano’ar Hatsioni (Zionist Youth) 9: 196-7, 213 Radomsker rebbe 11:62

and training farms 9: 226 Radzyner rebbe, see Index of Persons: Leiner, Hanover, deportation of Polish Jews from Gershon Henoch

8: 268, 270-7 Sanzer rebbe, see Index of Persons:

Ha’oved Hatsioni (Zionist Worker) 9: 196 n. 1 Halberstam, Hayim ben Arie Leibush

Hapo’el Hamizrachi 9: 125 shirayim, distribution of 11:70 Hasag (Hugo Schneider Aktiengesellschaft) shtikl rebbe 11: 54-5

11: 362-4 and smoking, see tobacco and snuff Hashahar 1:92 and snuff, see tobacco and snuff

Hashiloakh 3: 149 , succession of, on death 11:8, 38, 42

Hashomer Hatsair 2: 448-9; 5: 132; 8: 58-9, Tarler rebbe 11: 56-61 294; 9: 116, 125, 135 n. 126; 11: 140 and tobacco, see tobacco and snuff and Erets Israel 9: 196, 198, 203-5, 213 Warka rebbe 11:62, 217, 220-1, 224, 226

and Jewish underground 9: 151-4 and wealth 11:62, 65

Ma’anit group 9:216 and yeshivas 11: 7-9, 11-16, 20, 23 newspapers: El al 9: 217; Iton hatenuah hasidic sects: 9: 222; Jutrznia 9: 152, 156; Neged newcomer as leader of (shtikl rebbe)

hazerem 9:151, 204 n. 30, 217-18, 221, 11: 54-5

224 n. 38 rifts between 11: 38-41, 43-6, 55, 59 and resistance through education 9: 212-13, without yeshivas 11:17 216-23, 229 see also individual sects and under and shitufenterprise 9: 219 Aleksandr6éw; Kock; Lubavich; Radzymin; and training farms 9: 226 Sochaczew Hasidei Ashkenaz 10: xxxiii, 293, 308-9, hasidim 1:50; 6: 275; 7: 22; 9:5, 280; 12: 152

314-17, 387-8 and adolescent rebellion 1: 49-67 308-9, 314-17 and alcohol, use of 11:70, 75

and early settlement in Poland 10: 293, age of marriage among 11:29-20

hasidic rebbes: Aleksandréw 8: 310-17

Aleksandr6éw rebbe 11:57 attitude to sexuality 1:61; 9: 262-3, 268 Bobower rebbes, see Index of Persons: and beards 11:21, 67,69 Halberstam, Ben-Zion; Halberstam, and birthdays 11:63

Solomon; Solomon ben Nathan in business 11:67

and daily life ofhasidim 11:67, 76 conflict with Zionism 5: 115-16, 118, 124—5

ondreams 11:59 and conscription 11:35, 43 engaging with the broader intellectual dress of 11:67, 69-70, 137 environment 11:33 and hair 11:67, 73 and gabay, role of 11: 69,72 lapsed 11:63, 227

112 General Index hasidim (contd): leadershipin 10:344—7

leaders, graves of 9: 233-4, 236 and magic 10: 386-8; 12: 300

and majufes 10: 284 and marriage, early 1:52-3

meditation and hashkalah 12:351 and messianism 11:37-9

migration of 11:34, 37, 68 as mysticism 9:274-6 non-Jews, contact with 11:67-75 origins of 4: 392-3, 395-8, 400, 497 perceptions of: by assimilated Jews 11: 155; philosophical and kabbalistic roots of 11:32

bynon-Jews 11: 66—76; by other Polish society, as influence on 11:34

Orthodox Jews 11:45 pre-Beshtian 12: 298

pilgrimages by 11:69, 72-6 and Progressive Judaism 11: 131 and Polish nationalism, seen as dangerous as response to crisis 11:31

by 11:36 response to modernity 11: xviii, 31-52,

and Polish rebellion (1830), attitude to 56-61; 11: 37-9

11:34-5 responses to 1830 rebellion 11: 34-5

and Polish secular culture 11:35, 37 rivalries within 11: 38-9, 41, 43-5, 55, 59

and politics 11:35, 38, 45, 55, 330 Romantic basis of 11:34

and prayer 11:26, 70 salvation, concept ofin 11:390 publications of 11:3 n.1, 12, 18-19, 44-5 and science 11:78 railways and 11:37 schooling for girls 11: 19-20

real world, involvementin 11:67 and secularism 11:34—5, 55 role of husbands and wives 11:21 and spirituality 11: xvii-xviii

self-distancing from other Jews: from and study of philosophy 11: 50-1 assimilated Jews 11: 113, 164; from other and synagogue architecture 10: 141, 149 Orthodox Jews 11:21; from Progressive and synagogues 2: 179-80

Jews 11:131 texts of 10: 195; publication 11: 44-5 and Shivhei habesht 10: 183-4, 187-90, 197 Torah in 9: 263, 275

struggle with mitnagedim 2: 154 Y.Y.Trunkon 11: 217-18, 226

theory of 12:351-3 and use of tobacco 11: xviii, 25-30 tsadik, nature of 1:23, 156 in Warsaw 11: 116, 126

as viewed by modernized Jews 1: 151-62 yeshivas in inter-war Poland 11: 3-24

in Yiddish and Hebrew literature 4:65 and Zeitlin 11: 83-4, 93 |

see also hasidic sects; Orthodoxy, Jewish; and Zionism 11: 31-2, 35, 37-8, 55; 10: 344,

under Galicia and Index of Persons under 346

individual rabbis Haskalah Jewish Enlightenment) 1:52, 83, hasidism 11: xvii-xviii, 53-65, 66-76 138, 362-6; 3: 384—5; 6: 271-2, 274—5, 289; 18th-c. growthin 10: xxxiv, 141 n. 1, 344 8: 299, 326; 9: 263-4, 280; 11: xix, 9;

and assimilation 11:36, 164 12: 80-1, 90

backward- and inward-looking nature of and adolescent rebellion 1: 49-67

11:34 attitudes to traditional Judaism 4:9; 11:60

beginning of 12: 298-9 as afolkmovement 7: 96-7 cemeteries, attitudes to 11:74-5 in Galicia 3:385

creative nature of, in 19th c. 11:31, 52 gender differences in education 7: 73-4

early 2: 415-16; 7:21 German origins 4: 435

Galician origins of 11:69, 73-4 and hasidism 1: 151-62; 10: 344; 12:13

hasidic thought 5: 399-402 and high culture 10: 368

and Haskalah 1: 362-6 in Hungary 12:331

and healing 11: xviii, 42, 56-61 ideology of exemplary images 4: 58-9

history of, in Poland 10: 344-7 ideology offamily 1:49

innovations by Ba’al Shem Tov 12:303 ideology of friendship 1:63 institutionalization of educational ideology after January Uprising 5: 221-49

frameworks 11:19 influence on synagogue services 11: 181

and kehilot 9:62 and Jewish identity 10:329-30, 377-9

General Index 113 and Jewish marriage 10: xxxiii, 4-6, 10, Histadrut (Workers’ Union) 5: 149-50; 9: 201,

12-17; early marriage, criticism of 1:50, 284 57, 62 historiography: and Maimonides 11:49, 51 and accuracy 9: 247-54, 271, 279 and modernization 10: 200, 210; 11: xix, 35, of Auschwitz 10: xxxvi, 339-40, 357, 362-4

37, 43-5, 49-52, 125, 130-1, 147, 155 Bib6 on the Jewish Question 11:279-95 and the non-Jewish world 10: 200-2, conspiracy theories of history 11: 171-82

210-13, 389-90 cyclic view ofhistory 1:327-35

in Odessa 2: 423 of eastern Europe 10: 369-70, 379-80, 402-5 in Poland 3: 133 of German-Polish—Jewish relations and religious reform 11: 130-2 3: 358-60 onromanticlove 1:61-2 hasidism, historical analysis of 11: xviii, Russian 1:53, 152; 3: 385; 12: 345 31-52

Sarah bas Tovim and 10:41 Hebrew chronicles of Poland-Lithuania and Shivhei habesht 10: 187, 192, 197 4: 32, 34 and synagogue architecture 2: 188-9 ‘Historikerstreit’ 3: 421-2

Tarler rebbeand 11:55, 60 Jewish 9: 148, 187-8, 235-6, 298, 301

and Yiddish 12: 166 of Jews: in Poland 4: 449-56; 6: 301-2; in

and Zionism 1: 136 Ukraine 3:207-8; see also antisemitism

see also Wissenschaft des Judentums and of L’viv 10: 360-2 | under Galicia ‘March events’ 1968, analysis of 11:319-26

Hatsefirah 1: 136-7; 3: 150; 5: 116, 123, 222, Marxism 10: 322, 324, 328-9, 353-4

226, 235; 8: 218, 224 medicine, Jewish 10:372—-4 Hatsofeh 3: 149-50 methodology of Polish Jewish, 1918-39

Hayarden 7: 137 1: 163-75 Haynt 2: 220, 228, 231; 3: 150; 5: 106; 6: 237; neglect of inter-war years 8:89

: 8: 218, 224; 9: 46-7, 49; 12: 181-3, 188 neglect of shtetlcommunities 8: 90-1

Hayom 3: 150 ‘optimistic’ school 8: xvi-xvili, 9-12

head covering 11:70, 73, 128, 137, 220 ‘pessimistic’ school 8: xv—xviii, 9-12

| Hebrew, see under language, Hebrew; press, and Poland: Jewish historians on

Hebrew 11: 312-26; local history, inclusion of Jews

: Hechaluts (Pioneer movement) 8: 7-8 in 11:345-8, 354-5; statistical history of

Hechaluts Centre 9: 196, 198, 200 11: 337-8 : Hechaluts halochem 9: 204, 206 Poland-Lithuania 10: 396-8, 405-8

: Hechaluts Hamizrachi (Eastern Pioneer) 9:61, Polish 1:336—59, 382-9; 3: 352-6; 5: 470-1;

, 78, 125 1939-47 3: 431-3; in The Struggles for : and Erets Israel 9: 196, 213-14 Poland 4: 370-89

, Hechalutz Hatsair 2: 448-49 of Polish Jewry 4: 390-401; 5: 466-7; 3 heder 3: 227-31; 7: 17, 69, 73-4; 11: 5, 68, 125, documents 5:360-3

147; 12: 234, 236 n. 35 Polish Jewish studies 9: 232-43, 305-18;

: education in 12: 234, 236n.35 10: 366-7, 388-91, 409, 415-34;

.3 for girls 7: 64-6 11:391-412 heder metukan 7:83 n. 16 Shivhei habesht 10: 183-4 in L’vivin 1815: 11: 131-2 survey 8: xviii, 3-13 in memoirs of maskilim 1:54 Ukraine 10: 396-8

in shtetlcommunities 8:93, 96 works on Jews in inter-war Poland in in Vilna (Wilno) in late 18thc. 2: 154-5 Hebrew 4: 425-33

see also education, Jewish and Yad Vashem 8: 8, 338, 401

, Hemdatyamim 10: xxxiii, 44, 57,61 Zionist 10: 397

| Hibat Tsion 1: 117, 157; 2: 444-6; 3: 172-3; see also Holocaust and Index of Persons:

, 5: 114—17, 119, 121, 157 Hasdai ibn Shaprut | hilazon 11:33, 42, 46-7 history, family 8: 290-8

114 General Index : Hitachdut 7: 139, 141; 8: 223, 251; 9:98 Organizacja Bojowa; from Soviet Union

holidays, Jews and 8: 72-3 2: 270, 276, 291-2, 307-8; by Swiss Jews

national 8: 108 2: 384-5; in Ukraine 3:415 religious 8:74, 82, 107-8, 109, 161 Schindler's List 11: 297, 361-2

Holocaust 8: xvii, 4, 339, 342-4, 353, 357-70, self-preservation and morality 3: 294-301

393, 394, 428 Shoah 1: 224 n. 1; 2:370, 392-7; 3: 294-5;

Allies’ attitudes to 1:300—15; 11: 183-91 10: 223, 233; 11: 297, 311; Polish reactions

and Auschwitz 11: 286, 310,351-4 to 4: 230, 318, 327-8, 377-8

and Buchenwald 11:309-10 sociologists’ views of 11: 355-7 , children, Jewish, hidden in Polish convents survivors 9: 158, 161, 210, 295-6; 10: 347-8,

3: 238-75 355-8, 396; as refugees 7: 161-75

conversion to Christianity during 3: 240 as taught in Polish schools, 1949-88

extermination of Jews 9: 138-47, 161 4: 413-17 fictional treatments of 11:301-2; 12: 353-5 term 4: 338

film treatments of 6: 314—16; 10: 231-43; in textbooks (West Germany, Israel, USA)

11: 297, 298, 361-2 6: 316-18

in Galicia 12: 22-3 and Zionist youth movements 9: 195-211, German perception of 4: 470-3 215, 230 historiography 1:391—5; 2: 372-90; see also concentration camps; Madagascar 3: 359-60; 4: 467-73; 5: 432—5; 8: 7; Plan; Nazism; pogroms 10: 339-43, 358-9, 411-14; 11: 31-52, Holocaust (television series) 11: 298 248-60, 296-311, 317-18, 347-8, 351-4, Holocaust Memorial Council 4:296

361-5, 375-80, 381-3 Holos natsii 11: 245

Hungary and 2: 471-2; 11: 282-3, 285-8, 293 Home Army, see Armia Krajowa Chief Rabbi Immanuel Jakobovits on 4:239 homecoming 3:366~9

and Jewish culture 1: 328-9 homeopathy 11:57

and Jewish spirituality 11: xxi Host desecration, accusations against Jews

literature 11:378-80 10: 101-2, 104, 109, 111, 114, 119, 121, 127,

and Mauthausen 11:308-9 135, 367

and modernity 11:351-4, 355-7 Hovevei Zion 3: 172; 11: 125, 203; 12: 18, 94 moral significance of 3: 294-301 Hromads’kyi holos 11: 233, 236-7

poetry 11:377-8 Hungary: | Polish attitudes to 9: 234, 298 and anti-Jewish riots 9: 166 partisansin 11:360—-1, 375-7 Human, see Uman

Polish losses 2: 379-80 and democracy 11: 281-2, 284-5, 288, 293, Polish publications on, 1987-9 6: 297-301 295

and Polish Socialist Party 9:15 German occupation 11:300 and Polish underground 9: 138-47 Holocaust and 2: 471-2

polonization of 4:13 and Jewish communists 9:56

prose writings in Polishon 11:389 Jewish community 1:379-82, 389-91;

and remembrance, in Poland 11: 386 12: 330-1

representation of, in British media and the Jewish Question 11: 281-95, 300

11: 297-8 yeshivasin 11:4

rescue of Jews: by American Jews 2: 383;

by British Jews 2: 384; by Latin American I Jews 2:385; memoirs 5: 460-2; by

Poles 2: 380-3, 401, 462; 4: 296-310, identity, Jewish 2: 223; 9:33, 35-7, 37 n. 25,

376, in Polish convents 3: 238-75; 233-4; 11: 121, 256-7, 298, 342-5 from Poland 2: 269-309, 293-4; religious and acculturation 8: 189, 329 orders and 3: 238-75; rescue organizations: andemancipation 10: 324, 329-30, 355 Stille Hilfe 5: 444-5, Operation Reinhard hasidic 11:37, 67 5: 448-9: resistance, Jewish, see Zydowska and Jewish literature 10:393—-4

General Index 115 and minority rights 8:39 OZON, opposition to 3: 112 and modernization 10:377-8 in Prussia 11: xix and nationalism 11:37, 80-3 role of schools 3: 227-31

in Polish cinema 10: 229-36 in Russian Empire 1: 102; 5: 229-30, 233-4,

and Polish identity 11: 263, 270, 354 238

secular 11: xx see also acculturation of Jews; assimilation, and young Jews 8: 44, 50-3 Jewish; emancipation; equal rights: for

Idishe shriften 6: 107 Jews; language, Polish: spoken by Jews

IG-Farbenindustrie 1:213 and under surnames

Ikor 3:14 intelligentsia, Jewish 1:52, 103, 134, 204;

Ilustrowana Republika 6: 165 3: 116; 4: 89, 207; 5: 226, 240, 466; 6: 96;

Tlustrowany Kurier Codzienny 8:182n.15 12: 13, 71, 77, 90

immigration, Jewish: and antisemitism 9: 172, 266 in 13th-14th cc. 2: 118 and assimilation 9: 3-8, 11, 13, 24 to Poland 5:115 conflict with Zionism 5:115~16, 119 of Russian Jews 12: 252-3; to Galicia 12:82 and emigration 8:70

see also emigration, Jewish and the Jewish problem 9: 7~10, 19

incantations 11:58 and literature in Polish 9: 233

incense 11: 26-7 in L6dZz 6:91

Indépendance Belge, L’ 5: 201-2 numbers 8:178 independence, Polish 9: xx—xxi, 16, 158, 160 Polish-speaking 1: 198

and the Bund 9: 39-40 and the proletariat 9: 9-10

and the Jewish Question 9:26 protest against assigned surnames 3: 220 industry, Jewish proletariat in 8: 178, 239-42 and relations with Poles 8:73, 86 Informator dla Wtascicieli Realnosci 7: 136, and sexuality 9: 268-9

144 , and Socialism 8: 72; 9: xviii, 3-7, 18-19, 21

innkeeping, as Jewish occupation 1: 43, 82; and unemployment 8: 246 3: 109; 4: 21, 23, 71; 8: 99; 12: 30, 66, 149 urged to reform Jewish customs 12: 250

in Polish literature 2: 418-20; 4:74 in Vilnius 12: 258

| Inowlodz, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 44 in Warsaw 12: 259 | Inowroclaw, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:47 willingness to Russianize 1: 101-2 | Instytut Badan Spraw Narodowosciowych and Yiddish 12: 259 (IBSN; Institute for the Study of intelligentsia, Polish 1: 121; 2: 346; 4: 167, 385;

Nationality Problems): 5: 108

, and the Jewish Question 4: 159-68 and assimilation 8: 137 insurrection of 1830-1, see under uprisings, and attitudes to Jews 8:79, 86-7 : Polish: November Insurrection and the Jewish press 12: 180 : insurrection of 1863, see uprisings, Polish: and Jews 9:7

January Uprising post-war 9: 300

: integration, Jewish 3: 217; 4: 286; 12:18, 144-5 and Soviet Union 9: 150

| inlate19thc. 1:92 , intelligentsia, Russian 1:52 , i advocated by Israel Weisbrem, 1862 intermarriage:

5: 227-8 in Polish literature 4:74

through assignment of surnames 3: 218-20 view of Polish radical right wing 4: 176,

, through change in dress 3: 220-4 185 , in Congress Poland 11: xix, 33-8, 51-2, 372 see also matriage, Jewish

, in Galicia 11: xix International Court of Justice, and minority : and granting of civilrights 3: 232 rights 8:15, 34, 37

| and Haskalah 11: xix—xx, 113 International League of Socialistand Lithuanian Jews 11: 123 Revolutionaries, Jewish Section 9:4 : through military service 3: 224—7 Inwalida Wojenny 7: 145 and modernity 11:34-7, 131 Inwalida Zydowski 7: 136, 141

116 General Index Irgun Tsvai Leumi (National Military Jewish Central Historical Commission, see

Organization) 1: 309; 5: 163; 9: 251 Zydowska Centralna Komisja

Iskra 9:33, 37-8, 40 Historyczncna

Israel, State of: Jewish-Christian relations 5: 474-6 Jerusalem, debate on status 11: 390 under Nazism _ 5: 463-4

legal and constitutional systems 11: 387 Jewish Chronicle 5: 201, 207-8 and Palestine, legal status of 11: 387 Jewish conspiracy, theories of 4: 190-1; 8:31;

Polish view of 1:412-15 11: 174-5

Israelit, Der 12:16, 105-7, 109-11 Bolshevism as 5: 75-93 Israelitische Allianz 12: 134, 158 capitalism as 4: 191-2, 195-6 Israelitischer Tempelverein (Jewish Temple Communism as 4: 191-5

Movement) 11:131 Esperantism as 4: 197 Italy, Jews in 8: 407-10 Socialism as 4: 191-2 and contact with Ashkenazim 10: 67-8, Jewish culture:

72-3, 76, 83, 86, 93 and martyrdom, as tourist attraction 11:390

and contact with non-Jews 10: 208 in Poland, and tourism 11:388

and kabbalah 10:96 and Russian and Polish terminology 11:389 Izba RzemiesInicza (Artisan Chamber) 9:94 Jewish family, myth of 1:62, 90 Izbica Kujawska, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 ‘Jewish festivals 11: 257, 371

Izbicka tradition of hasidism 11:33, 38-42 organ, usedon 11: 142-4

conflict with Kotsk tradition 11: 43-5 Purim 11:117-18

Izraelita 1: 137-8, 146; 2: 220, 237 n. 11; 3: 130, Shavuot, as occasion for inaugurating rabbis

147-8, 160; 4: 119; 5: 475; 7: 94—5, 103; 11148 8: 326-7; 11: 117-20, 125; 12: 254 synagogue attendance on 11: 117-18, 144 youth services for 11: 144 Jewish Fighting Organization, see Zydowska

J Organizacja Bojowa

Jablonna internment camp 4: 445 Jewish Historical Institute, see Zydowski

Jablonow, wooden synagogue at 10: 145 n. 7, Instytut Historyczny

163, ill. 10, p. 163 Jewish history, study of in Poland 9: 236

Jagiellonian University, and study of Jewish Jewish Labour Committee, United States 9:72,

history 9: 236 74-6, 78

Jan Karski Foundation 9: 233 Jewish law, see halakhah

Jankiel (name) 1:70 Jewish Military Union, see Zydowski Zwiazek

January Uprising, see under uprisings, Polish Wojskowy | Jarmolirice, Jewish community 4:311-12, Jewish National Theatre 11:390 _

ills. following p. 310 Jewish people, as aredeeming nation 11:85 Jarostaw, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 44-5 Jewish People’s Party, see Zydowskie

Jasto, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46 Stronnictwo Ludowe Jaworz, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 48 Jewish Professional Unions 9:60

Jaziowiec 1:41 Jewish Quarter Provisions Institute 1:318

Jewish community 1:46 ‘Jewish Question’ 1:73, 97, 102-5, 274, 348; Jerusalem, status of 11: 390 2: 14, 246, 279, 377; 3: 131, 302, 305; 4: 89,

Jestem Polakiem 2:314-15 211

Jesuit order, Jesuits: in inter-war Poland 8:13 abolition in 1773 1:38 in 1930s 4: 159-68 advocacy of asemitism 11: 269 1937-9 7: 263-5 and conspiracy theories 1: 39-40; 11: 171-3, after Second World War 4: 255-68

175, 179-80, 182 attitude of Instytut Badan Spraw

Jesus, as Jew 8:85, 166—7 Narodowosciowych 4: 159-68 Jew, definition of 5: 473 attitude of Polish Socialism 1: 111, 121 Jewish Agency for Palestine 2: 271,384 and Istvan Bibé 11:281-—95

General Index 117 and the Catholic press 11: 263-78 social status of, in 18th-c. Poland 2: 163-72

in Europe, 1933-45 _ 5: 439 terms for 7:331

in Germany and Austria-Hungary 3: 394-6 see also Jew, definition of Jews treated as the enemy 4: 174—98 Jews, distinctive appearance of 6: 218;

Polish literature on 3: 138 n. 19 12: 66

in Polish socialist thought 9: 14-31, 32-44 beards: as barrier to assimilation 3: 112;

in Polish writings of 1980s 1: 288-99; 11:34; as marker between hasidim and

7: 300-12 ! mitnagedim 11:21

in the religious press 8: 129-45 clothing, Jewish: ban on 1: 42, 65 n. 36, 133; in Russia 5: 411-13; 1772-1825 3:380-3 3: 28, 157, 220-4, economic argument

and Zionism 11: 77-93 3: 221; defence of 1:42; opposition to

Jewish ritual slaughter as a political issue, see 3: 223; as sign of acculturation 3: 130

shehitah wigs, banon 3: 221-2

Jewish Social Democratic Party, see Zydowska Joint Distribution Committee (the Joint) 2: 84,

Partia Socjaldemokratyczna 86-9; 3: 7-9; 4: 164, 450; 5: 55; 6: 187-8; Jewish Socialist Union (London) 9: 4—5 9: 71-2, 74-8; 11: 20, 22, 299

Jewish Territorial-Zionist Society, see activities in Poland 2:76 Zydowskie Towarzystwo Terytorialno- Joint Foreign Committee of British Jews JJFC)

Syjonistyczne 8: 16-17, 35

Jewish Workers’ Committee (USA) 9:74 journalists, Jewish:

Jewish Workers’ Movement 1:113 in Polish press 6: 106 Jewish Social Democratic Party, see Zydowska unions 6: 114; 8: 192

Partia Socjaldemokratyczna J6zefow Bilgorajski, synagogue, 1988 use of Jewish Social Democratic Party, Galicia 8: 194 5:46

n.2 ‘Judaeo-Communism’ (Zydokomuna) 4: 377;

Jewishness and national identity 12: 75-6 8: 137—40; 9: xviii, 2, 98, 183; 10: 222 Jewish-Polish relations, see Polish-Jewish see alsoCommunism: as a Jewish

relations conspiracy; communists, Jewish:

. Jewish—Ukrainian relations in inter-war stereotype of

| Poland 11: 232-46 Judaism:

|. asJews: and Christianity 8: xix, 197 chosen people 8: 157-9, 163, 167, 173 and education 11: 127

| creativity of 8:6, 7 and Old Testament 8: 157-9, 162 as Duma delegates 9: 48-50, 52-4 Polish view of 5: 479-81 |

extermination of, see Holocaust and preservation of heritage 11: 80-1

! general Jewish congress 9:70 revival 11: 85-92 | images of, in Catholic press 8: 146~75 viewed by Catholic press 8: 133-5,

: and the Jewish problem 9: 7-11, 14-31, 58, 147-9

, 142 see also hasidism; musar movement; Neolog | Jewish society, changes in 9: 10-11, 15 Judaism; Orthodoxy, Jewish; Progressive , Khazar theory of origins in Poland 4: 392, Judaism; Reform Judaism

|! Litvak 396Jews, Jiidische Almanach 12:172 n. 34 see Lithuanian Jews Jiidische Arbeiter, Der 12: 169 n. 22 . and modernization. 8: xviii—xix, 63, 185 Jiidische Kikeriki 12: 173 n. 37

| and nationhood 9: 16-18 Jiidische Kultur 12: 172

, in post-war Poland 4: 474-81 Jiidische Volksblatt 12: 169 n. 19

: representations of, in Polish textbooks 4:74, Jung Idysz group, see Yung Yiddish group

410-12 Jungdeutscher Verband (Young German

self-hatred of 4:119 Union) 9:100

, self-perceptions of, in France 4: 284-5 Jutro 7:156

| Slavic-speaking 1:4-5 Jutro pracy 8: 204 social perception of, in 18th c. 2: 163-72 Jutrzenka 5: 229; 6:91, 114

118 General Index K Kampfgruppe Auschwitz 1: 222

Karaites 5: 467; 10: 20, 139, 292 n. 16; 11: 387

kabbalah, kabbalistic: Karlin-Stolin hasidim, yeshivas of 11:15 and Ashkenazi tradition 10:79 Kassel, synagogue 11:131

divine names and healing 11: 58-9 Katechizm o Zydach i neofitach 10: 28-9

and gematriyah 10:316 katoves, etymology of 1: 6-7

and hasidism 10: xxxiv, 346, 387 Katowice, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 44 Gershon Henoch and 11: 32, 43, 48-52 Katyn massacre 2: 353-4; 9: 161

and heresy 10: 208 Kazimierz 12: 6-8, 13-14, 61

and impact of printing 10:93 education, Jewish, in state-sponsored

influence on hasidism 12: 298 schools 12: 14, 80-1

influence on prayer 10: xxxiii, 63 husband—wife age differences 10:37 influence on synagogue architecture Jewish marriage in 10:6, 19, 23, 25, 28, 34-5

10: xxxili, 149, 168-9 ~ Jewish population, in 1570 12:6

interpretation of Bible 1: 258 population—age distributions 10:32

and Kaddish 10:58 n. 57 ritual murder accusations in 10: 113-14

medieval 11:31-2 synagogues 12:6, 8, 17

and messianism 11:40 Kazimierz Dolny 1: 196 and ‘raising of sparks’ by tobacco 11:27 synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 and Remu 10:96 kehilah, kehilot 2: 181-2; 8:39, 182-2, 296, 313;

and Sabbath 11: 17-18 9: 174 | Safed 10: 316, 387-8 and the Bund 9: 62-3, 65, 71, 78-9

and sexuality 9: 258, 261-3 elections of 1936: background 8: xx, 207-14; works 1:33 results 8:214—25 Zeitlin and 11:83 see also kahal, and under L6dz kabbalist movement, and sexuality 9: 258, Kemfer, Der 7:141

261-3 Kepno, synagogue 2: 186

Kadimah 12: 167 1988 use of 5: 46

kahal 1:30, 32, 101; 4: 161, 167; 11:34, 355 Keren Kayemet LeYisrael (Jewish National

Krak6w 11:327-31, 386, 387 Fund) 9: 201, 217-18

legislation on dealings with Poles 4:36 kest 10: xxxiii, 27-31 L’viv 11: 129-30, 133-5, 137-8, 147,151,331 Ketershem tov 10:195

medieval 2:151 Kety, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:46 Warsaw 11:124-6 Hebrew documents 3: 335-42 Polish-Lithuanian 2: 150-62 Khazar Jews 1:4, 8-9

see also autonomy, Jewish; kehilah theory of Polish Jewish origins 4: 392, Kalendarz apostolstwa modlitwy 8: 147, 173-4 396 Kalendarz krélowej apostotéw 8: 147, 156, Khmelnytsky massacres:

159-60, 162-3 fast in observance of 5: 173-4, 182

Kalendarz krélowej korony polskiej 8: 147 in Yiddish literature 5: 173-83 Kalendarz Krélowej Polski 8: 150 Khmelnytsky uprising of 1648 1: 22, 25, 26n.

Kalisher lebn 8: 186 15; 3: 207; 4: 23, 32, 156 n. 3, 392, 397, 496; Kalisher vokh 8: 186 8: 9; 10: 100, 119, 149-50, 161 n. 44, 267,

Kalisz: 380, 396-7; 12: 38 kehilah elections of 1936 8: 215 song on 4:46, 50

Jewish press 8: 177, 186 kibbutz training farms, see hakhsharah ritual murder accusations in 9:164;10:105, kibbutzim, and youth movements 9: 196, 205,

129, 136, 138 213-14, 225-7; 11: 387

of 5:46 ghetto 9: 161

Kalwaria Zebrzydowska, synagogue, 1988 use _ Kielce:

Kamionka Strumilowa, wooden synagogue at Jewish community of 11: 346-8

10: 145-8, ills. 2-5, pp. 146-8 Jewish settlement 9: 158-9, 302

General Index -T1Q pogrom 4: 250-1, 381; 6: 323-4; 7: 168-70, Komitet Urzadzajacy (Executive Committee in

275; 9: 146-7, 158-69, 171, 249, 252, 299, Kingdom of Poland) 6:89 302-4; 10: 348; 11: 191, 324, 347-8, 387 Komitet Wyborczy Zblokowanych Organizacji

and ritual murder accusations 9: 164-5 Kobiecych (Electoral Committee of the

synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 Unified Organization of Women) 9:93 Kierownictwo Walki Czynnej (Leadership of Komitety Demokratyczne (KD; Democratic

Civil Warfare) 9: 140-1 Societies):

Kiev: and Jewish rights, 1937-9 7: 260-7

cultural associations 6:224—-5 Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands (KPD;

Jewish community in 10th-12th cc. 3: 337-8 Communist Party ofGermany) 9:8

Jewish settlements 1:4, 8 Komunistyczna Partia Polski (KPP; Polish

Khazar rule in 3: 336-7 Communist Party) 7: 143; 8: 64, 79; 9: 60, name 3:337 76, 81, 83 university 12:47 and antisemitism 9: 147,177n. 28

Kievlianin 1: 103, 108; 5: 231 and the Bund 10: 253-4, 257-9, 263-4, 268

Kievski Telegraf 5: 235 and municipal elections 1936 9: 88-91, Kingdom of Poland, see Congress Poland 94—5, 99, 102-6

Kingdom of Poland, Executive Committee, see and Soviet occupation of Vilna 9: 117, 130

Komitet Urzadzajacy see also Bund 11: 78, 145 (KPRP; Communist Workers Party of

Kishinev pogrom 1: 332; 6: 97; 10: 370-2; Komunistyczna Partia Robotnicza Polski

Kislinger, Ewald 9: 272 Poland) 7: 143; 8:72, 181 Klangen 7: 143 Koniecpol, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 Kleczew, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 K6nigsberg 10: 202, 210-11, 214 Klimontoéw, synagogue 2: ill. 4 following Konin, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 44

p. 180, 186 Kontynenty 12: 290

1988 use of 5:46 Kosciuszko Insurrection, see under uprisings, KNP, see Komitet Narodowy Polski Polish Knyszyn, Jewish cemetery 4: 483 kosher meat, sale of 7: 151

: Kock (Kotsk) 5:7, 9 see also shehitah

: Kotsk (Kock) hasidim 11: 33-4, 38-40, 43-5, kosher slaughter, see shehitah

217-18 Kosdéw Lacki, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46

Kol mevaser 3: 146; 5: 176 Kot Archive in Warsaw 2: 310-20 Kolbuszowa, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:44 Kotsk, see Kock , Kolno, synagogue 2: 188 KPD, see Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands

1988 use of 5: 45 KPP, see Komunistyczna Partia Polski

| Kolo Boze (God’s Circle) sect 9: 277-8 KPZU (Communist Party of Western Ukraine) | Kolo Miodziezy Polskiej im. Berka Joselewicza 11: 233, 243 | (Berek Joselewicz Circle of Polish Youth) Krakover togblat 7: 139

| 7: 138 Kraj 12:73-8 : : Kolo Patriot6w Polsko-Zydowskich (Circle of Krajowa Rada Narodowa (KRN; National

! Polish Jewish Patriots) 8:20 Council for the Homeland) 4: 246 | Komitet Emigracyjny Polski (KEP; Polish Krakéw 12: 11-13, 17-18, 20, 22, 61

| Emigration Committee) 5: 193-4 early Jewish settlement in 10: 287, 289, Komitet Narodowy Polski (KNP; Polish 293-301 National Committee) 2: 45-7, 95 and General Government 11: 418 in 1918 2: 97-100, 111; 5: 306-7, 316-17; German club 12: 82

7:31, 34-7 ghetto 1: 321; 2: 459; 4: 247; 5: 386; 9: 154;

and minority rights 8: 22-3, 25 memoirs of, see Index of Persons: Komitet Samoobrony Spotecznej (KOR; Biberstein, Aleksander

: Committee for Social Self-Defence) and gmina 11:327-31

, 4:265 hasidic yeshivasin 11:16, 21

120 General Index Krakow (contd): Kultura 8: 147, 149, 154, 160, 163, 165-7; Jagiellonian University 2: 248, 251-2, 254, 11: 264-5, 272, 274, 277, 321; 12: 289

262 Kun6oéw,Jewish community 3: 223

Jewish community in 11: 35-6; 12: 5-8; Kurier Codzienny 9: 12 1869-1919 11: 327-34, 387; 1918-39 Kurier Lubelski 7:34

11: 386; 1980s 4: 477, 480 Kurter Nowy 2: 228 Jewish contact with non-Jews 10: 209-10 Kurier Polski 5: 109; 9:51 Jewish cultural events, in 1990s 10: xvili-xix Kurier Poznanski 5: 105-6, 108, 110

Jewish marriage in 10: 19, 21, 28, 38 Kurter Wieczorny 7: 262 Jewish population 8:66, 90;12:14;1910-35 Kurier Wilenski 1: 104

7: 133-4 Kuzniczka, synagogue 2: ill. 2 after p. 180

Jewish publishing in 12:7

and Jewish underground 9: 154, 206, 208 L kehilah system 8: 222

inmemoirs 8:47, 290-1, 294 labour camps 11: 307-8, 362 during the occupation 2: 458-60 see also concentration camps and under

post-war pogroms 9:171 Galicia

press in: Catholic 8: 327; Jewish 8:185,187, Labour Union of Jewish Intellectual Workers,

189 see Zwiazek Zawodowy Zydowskich

printing centre for anti-Jewish pamphlets Pracownik6éw Umystowych

4: 20-1 Labour Zionism, see Po’alei Tsion

and 1846 rebellion 11: 35-6 Lgd 12:291

religious reform in 11: xix Lanicut, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 44

Remu cemetery 4: 477 land ownership, see landowners: Jewish and ritual murder accusationsin 10: 113-14, under economy, Polish

128-9, 132-3, 136, 138-9 landlords, Jewish 12: 29-30

song about martyred Jews in 4:47 see also innkeeping, as Jewish occupation synagogues: 1988 use of 5: 44-6, 48; landowners: Progressive Synagogue (Tempel) 2: ills. Jewish 1:76, 99-100; 5: 379; 12: 18; see also 12 and 13 following p. 180, 190; 12: 77, 81; agriculture, Jews in and under Galicia

Remu synagogue 4:475; Tempel 11: xix Polish 1:98

17th-c. town plan 5:32 Landsleit societies, see Galicia; see also Kazimierz and under press, Jewish landsmanshafin Krasnik, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 47 landsmanshafin 11:201 Krasnopol, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 45 in New York 2: 437-9 Krasnosielc, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 language:

Krasnystaw: and ethnicity 8: 111 ritual murder accusationsin 10: 135-6 asameans ofreform 1:85 synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46 and nationhood 9: 25, 27, 37 Kresy, see eastern Poland and nomination for election 9: 85, 87, 98 Kristallnacht, see Reichskristallnacht and social hierarchy 2: 175-8

Kritik, Der 12:175 see also rights, civil, of Jews in Poland:

Krolinski 1:79 linguistic and under individual languages Krélowa apostotow 8: 147, 152 language, French, knowledge of among Jews Kronika 12: 289 10: 202-4, 206-7, 212, 214, 216, 218 Krosniewice, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 language, German: Krynki, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 45, 46 and community leadership 11: 130

Krytyka 9:22; 12: 266, 269 in Jewish schools 1: 101; 11: 130, 136 Krzepice, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46, 48 knowledge of 8: 111, 178; 10: 202-4, 206-9,

Ksiaz Wielki, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46 211-15, 218; 11:32

Ku Wolnosci 7:141 in Poland 1:85

Kujawy, ritual murder accusationsin 10: 121 in worship 11: 131, 135-6, 141

General Index 121 language, Hebrew 2: 239 n. 24, 441; 12: 84, 167 early influences on 1: 6-12

banon 8:115, 121, 123 educationin 11: 121,315; see also under Hebrew-Aramaic components in non- education, Jewish

Jewish languages 1: 10-11 in films 11:358-60

literacyin 12:225-7, 231-2, 234-5, 241 and the German intelligentsia 9:11 knowledge of 9: 236; 10: 42 n. 8, 201, 207, halakhic textsin 7:73, 74, 85 n. 40

209, 212-14, 217 and Jewish Socialism 9:18, 20-2, 35

as language ofworship 8: 327 knowledge of 9: 236; 10: 201, 208, 210,

Polish Jewish 3: 444-8 213-14, 217; 11: 127

right touse 9:12, 139 literacyin 12: 225-7, 230-6, 241

in shtetlcommunities 8:111 literature 8: 295, 299-300, 317, 416-17

Slavic elements in 3: 350-1 in L’viv 11: 127, 130

and surnames 9: 291-2, 294 maskilic attitudes towards 12: 165 use by young Jews 8: 43-4 and nationalism 9: 22, 27,36, 44 and Zionist youth movements 9: 197, 208, negative attitudes towards 12: 233

217 newspapers, see press, Yiddish

see also literature, Hebrew; press, Hebrew Polish Jewish 3: 444-8 language, Italian, knowledge of among Jews proposal to ban 1:110n. 24; 2: 101, 104, 106

10: 203, 208 publicationsin 11:37, 59-60, 218-19, 222;

language, Polish: censorship of 11:334

and Jewish separatism 8:71 right to use 8: 22, 39; 9: 12, 23, 36-7 spoken by Jews 2: 222; 3: 130-1, 444-8; 8: 34, in schools 8: 24-6, 32, 34, 37, 212 43-4, 50-2, 64, 111, 153, 178; 10: 16, 203, and Shivhei habesht 10: 188-91, 197-9

205-7, 209, 212-14, 216-18; among in shtetlcommunities 8: 1-3, 111 community leadership 11: 130, 136; in andI.B. Singer 10: 333-4, 336-7

| education 11: 127,384; syndic or Slavic elements in 3: 350-1 shtadlan, use of 10: 206, 217; in worship and socialists 12: 258-60, 267 11: 113-14, 141, 144-7; in yeshivas 11:13 songs, see majufes terminology originating in Jewish culture 389 in South Africa 11:341-4

translating 1:252-69 spoken by Poles 8:72, 111

, use by Jewish press 8: 183-4, 185-6, 187-9, in state-supported schools 2: 20-1

191, 192, 297 study 9: 273

language, Russian: and surnames 9: 290-4

: in Jewish elementary schools 5: 208 used by Jews 8: 43, 46, 64, 137, 327 , knowledge ofamong Jews 10: 203, 213-15, used by political parties 8: 194

218 : and youth movements 9: 217

terminology originating in Jewish culture see also culture, Yiddish; education, Jewish:

11: 389 in Yiddish; literature, Yiddish; poetry:

use of 8:70, 178, 189 Yiddish; press, Yiddish

language, Ukrainian, and Jewish surnames languages, Jewish 1: 6-11; 3: 349-50

9: 290, 293-4 see also language, Hebrew; language, Yiddish

language, Yiddish 2: 222, 228, 234, 239 n. 24, languages, knowledge of among Jews

| | 440; 3: 131-3, 182, 204, 349-50; 6: 226; 10: xxxiv, 200-18, 395

7: 73, 137; 10: 201, 208, 210, 213-14, 217; and business contacts 10: 201-5, 218

| 12: 76, 160 evidence from memoirs 10: 213-16

| aggadic textsin 7:73 Latin 10: 202, 208-10, 212-14, 216, 218 ban on 8: 21-2, 39, 115, 121, 123; 11:335 and medical contacts 10: 208-11

andthe Bund 10: 269 and political contacts 10: 205-7

Chernivtsy conference 12: 168 and rabbinical contacts 10: 207-8 classified as non-European language and study ofscience 10: 210-13

11: 343-4 and travel 10: 201-5, 207-9, 214-15

and cultural identity 12: 164-76 see also under individual languages

122 General Index Laszczow, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 45-6, 48 literacy:

Latvia, Jewish community 1:379-82 comparative studies of 12: 239-40 Lauder Foundation 10: xvii-xviii Jewish 3: 231; 7: 81; 8: 178; 12: 221-41; books

Lausitz 1:4 intended for women 7: 70; in Hebrew

law, Jewish, see halakhah 7: 72; in Russian 7: 66-7; in Yiddish

League of Nations: 7: 67-8, 72, 74 and minority rights 2: 15; 8: 15, 29, 33-4, literature:

37-40 on Jews, Russian censorship of 11: 331-6

and protection of Jews 11: 270 on Second World War 11: 247-62

Lebn, Dos 7: 137, 143 literature, Hebrew 2: 230; 12: 84 Leczna, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:44 Christian clergy in 4: 66-7

Leczyca,persecutions of Jews 1:42 inter-war 10:394—5

Leczyca province: non-Jews and gentiles in, 1856-1914 and Polish-Swedish war 10: 120-1 4: 53-70

, ritual murder accusations in 10: 110, 112, revitalization of 7:114n. 66

115-16 literature, Jewish 1: 172

Left National Workers’ Party, see Narodowa Ashkenazi halakhic 10: 90-8

Partia Robotnicza-Lewica capitalism in 4: 80-1

legal profession, Jews in the 12: 282 conversion of Jewsin 4:74

legislation: gentile society in 10:388-91

consolidation of, in post-1910 Poland 8:115 in German, on Galicia 9: 282-4

discriminating against Jews and other and iconography 10: 174-5 minority groups 8: 8, 115, 120-7, 136, 199 and image of Jews 9: 256

exceptional, limiting assimilation 8: 201, influence of maskilim 4:58

204, 205peasantsin and majufes 10: 277-80 , Legnica: 4:57-63 and antisemitism of 1956 9: 178 Polesin 8:12 synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 44 in Polish 9: 233-5; 10: 391-6

Lemberg, see L’viv representations of hasidismin 4:65 Lesko, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 44 Russian officials in 4: 57-8 Leszno, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 45, 48 see also halakhic literature; literature,

Levant 5: 200, 202 Hebrew; literature, Polish; literature, Lewko 4: 394 Yiddish Lezajsk, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46 literature, Polish 1: 172; 2: 359-60 liberal society, Polish debate on nature of antisemitic 10: 102-3, 119-25, 139-40, 382-3

, 6: 330-3 assimilation of Jewsin 4:71, 77-8 libraries, popular Jewish 8: 251-3 Esterke storyin 1: 360-1 Life is with People 8:89, 92, 96, 101, 106, intermarriage in 4:74

112-13 Jewish themesin 8: 392-5

Liga Narodowa (National League) 12: 273 byJews 1: 196-211; 7: 283-99

and antisemitism 8: 195-6, 390 Jewsin 1: 145-6; 2: 199-218; 4: 24-6; 7:

Liga Obrony Powietrznej i Przeciwgazowej 300-12; 8: 12; 10: 382, 388-91; 12: 363-7; (League of Air and Anti-gas Defence) 1987-9 6: 295-308; bankers 4: 74-5;

9: 160 bourgeoisie 4:75; doctors 4:74; as ‘Icek’

Liga Zielonej Wstazki (League of the Green 4:114-19; innkeepers 2: 418-20; 4: 74;

Riband) 9: 160 landowners 4:74; in modern fiction

Linas-Hatsedek fraternity, Bialystok 7: 121-32 4: 70-86, 98; women 4: 74

linguistics: and the Jews, after 1860 1: 68-80 as an aid to understanding history 1:3-18 poetry by Jewish writers 1: 197-8

Judaeo-Slavic 3: 348-52 reflections of Jewish acculturation 4: 74, Lipno, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 45-6 76-7 liquor trade, see alcohol trade representation of shtetlin 4: 129-42

General Index 123 literature, Yiddish 1: 138; 2: 230; 5: 296; 7: 70, wall paintings depicting 10: 149, 170, 173,

82; 10: 391-6; 12: 175-6, 358-62 176, 180 n. 84

1918-39 1: 176-95 see also tekhines devotional, for women 7: 71; see also ‘Litvaks’, see Lithuanian Jews

Galicia, and Tse’ena urena £6dz:

Esterke story in 1:360-1 1820-1939 6:3-19

folksongs 1:194n.33 anti-German demonstrations in 1933 and the Khmelnytsky massacres 5: 173-83 6: 203-4

mayse literature 3: 144 anti-Jewish violence in 1905 6:98 neo-classicist 1:327-8 antisemitic riots in 1933 6: 205 non-Jews and gentiles in, 1856-1914 4: 53-70 antisemitism in 1934 election 6: 165-6

peasants in 5: 292-5 and antisemitism of 1956 9: 173, 178

Polishin 1: 187 architecture 6: 10-11, 16-17, 31-5, 70 Polish nobility in 5: 289-92 artisans 8: 234

reliance on Polish literature 1: 187-8 assimilation of Jews in 6: 91-3, 186

suicide in 8: 215-17 attitudes to Jews, linguistic analysis of

in Warsaw 3: 142-55 6: 207-22

see also literature, Jewish; majufes, poetry: birth, marriage, and death records 6: 124-5

Yiddish; Yiddish songs, depiction of boycott of German companies 6: 203

Jewish martyrdom in Bund, activities of 6: 95-6

Lithuania, Grand Duchy 1: 100 : city council election of 1934 9: 83-4, 88 affiliation with Russian culture 1:85 city council election of 1936 9: xviii, 61,

book tradein 12:210 63-5, 83-106; Main Electoral Commission and control of Vilna 9: 107-10, 121, 124—5, 9: 86-7, 98, 100-1; and party blocs

127-8, 130-6 9: 89-101, 105; and Polish Communist

and Council of Four Lands 9: 187-91 Party 9: 88-91, 94-5, 99, 102-6; and Polish

and hasidism 11: 124-5 Socialist Party 9: 88-91, 94-6, 99-105; and

and Jewish assimilation 9:36 political issues 9: 101; results 9: 102-5

Jewish community 1:379-82 city council election of 1938 8: 223 , and Jewish socialists 9:3, 43 cultural life 6: 14, 129 | and Jewish trade 10: 202 cultural organizations 9: 100 ) and mitnagedim 11: xviii, 6 economic activity, sources on 6: 128 ritual murder accusations in 10: 124, 139 education 6: 14 Russification 1:98 elections to Duma of 1912 6: 100-3

and Russophilia 9:36 foreign immigrants 6:6 , Lithuanian Council 4: 392 ghetto, see separate entry

, and yeshivas 11:4, 6, 8, 12, 15, 18, 21, 194-5 German-—Jewish relations in 1933 6: 202-5 Lithuanian Jews 3: 132-3, 135, 162-5; 8: 70, 81, industrial settlement (1820) 6:4

: 326, 388-9; 9: 16-17, 280; 12: 252, 254, Jewish cemetery 6:68, 125, 138

273 Jewish community 6: 27-36; 1865-1914

, and L6dz synagogues 11: 164 6: 88-104; 1918-1939, sources 6: 119-32

| in South Africa 11: 340-5 Jewish districts 6: 29-30, 192-8 and Warsaw Great Synagogue 11: 113-14, Jewish Duma delegates 9:52

| 116, 121, 123-6 Jewish electorate, 1919-38 6: 155-72

and Zionism 11:37-8, 126 Jewish firmsin 6: 185-7 see also mitnagedim Jewish industrial workers 8: 240-1, 250

|: Polish, liturgy, synagogal: Jewish intelligentsia 6:91 prayersin 11: 114 Jewish occupations in 6: 178-92; home| prayers for Polish governmentin 11: 121-2 workers 6: 187-8, 195; self-employed

: and Reform 11: 113, 117, 131 6: 184-5

, 11:113 9: 85-6

reform of, proposed by assimilationists Jewish population 6: 6; 8: 66, 90, 136, 177;

124 General Index }.6dz (contd): Lodzher lebn 6:111 Jewish press 6:96, 105-18, 148-9, 224, 237; Lodzher morgenblat 6:94, 112

8: 185, 187, 188, 192, 211 Lodzher nakhrikhten 6: 108-10

Jewish self-government, 1914-39 6:133-54 Lodzher togblat 6:94, 106, 109-13, 115-16, 123,

Jewish Writers’ Union, see Zwiazek 148-9, 224, 237 Literat6w i Dziennikarzy Zydowskich Lodzher vitsblat 6: 107

Jews in (1931) 6: 173-200 Lodzher yidishe tsaytung 6: 112 journalists’ union, see Syndykat Lomza, synagogues 2: ill. 8 following p. 180,

Dziennikarzy L6dzkich 187-8

kehilah 6: 89-90, 133-54; elections in 1936 Losice,town plan of 1823 5:39

8: 219-22 Loszyce, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45

memoirs of Y. Y. Trunk 6: 262-87 Lower Silesia, and antisemitism of 1956

municipal government 8: 182, 222-4 9: 179-80 national antagonisms in the inter-war loyalty, of Jews, see patriotism, of Jews

period 6: 201-6 Lubartow, yeshiva 11:17 6: 37-56 hasidim, see Habad hasidim and Index of

national composition of industrialists Lubavich:

November uprising of 1830, effect of 6: 6-7 Persons: Schneur Zalman of Liady

Orthodox Jewish groups 6:91 yeshiva 11:10, 54

pogrom (1892) 5: 260-2 Lublin:

population 6: 11-13, 16, 20-6, 173-200; in and antisemitism of 1956 9:178 1897 6:93, 103 n. 12;in 1911 6:104n.16 Catholic University 9: 236

The Promised Land 10: 223-9 Jewish cemetery 4: 477 religious education 6: 138 Jewish community in 18thc. 1:39 restrictions on Jews before 1862 6:7-8 Jews in 8: 66, 79, 136, 366

revolt of 1892 1: 114; 5: 259-61 and kehilahelections 8: 215, 224 socialist movementin 6: 94-5 synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 44 synagogues 2: ill. 19 following p. 180, 191; 17th-c. town plan 5:33 6: 32, 67, 90; 11: xix, 154-67; 1988 use of Lublin province, ritual murder accusations in

5:44, 47; current 11: 167; Diuga Street 10: 110, 112, 115-16 11: 166; Potudniowa Street 11: 166; Lubraniec, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 private 11: 166; Progressive Synagogue Fuck, town plan 5:35 (Spacerowa Street) 11: 156-61, 164, 166; Luk6w, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 45-6 Srednia Street 11: 164, 166; Wolborska Lustige fogel, Der 6: 113 Street 11: 155-6, 162-4, 166; Wolczanska = Lustiger yid, Der 7: 136, 143

Street 11: 164-6; wooden (Wolborska Lutut6w, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 45 Street) 11: 154-6; Zachodnia Street L’viv (Lemberg, L’vov, Lw6w) 12: 13, 18-19, 22,

11: 164, 166 24, 43

textile industry 6: 8-10, 15-16, 41, 45, 57, affection for 11: 127

60-87; recruitment of foreign experts beit dinof 11: 129

6: 4-5 city rabbis in 11: 129 see also artists: Jewish and Index of Persons: conflict between Orthodox and Progressives Poznaniski family; Prussak, Abram; 11: 137-8 Prussak, Maurycy; Rabon (Rubin), Yisroel; destruction of Jewish population during

Silberstein family; Tuwim, Julian Second World War 10: 361 £6dz ghetto 1: 403-7; 3: 425; 4: 453; 5: 386; German occupation 11: 97-9, 152-3, 251 6: 30, 31, 106-7, 298; 7: 235; 9: 139-53 ghetto 11: 129, 137; 12:23

deaths in 9: 139 hasidismin 11: 131

Lodzher arbeter 6: 114 historiography 10: 360-2 Lodzher ekstrablat 6: 123-4 history of 11: 128-30

Lodzher folksblat 6: 106, 112, 114, 116 Jan Kazimierz University 2: 262-3

Lodzher idishe tsaytung 6: 111 Jewish community 12: 8-12

General Index 125 Jewish deaths 8: 361, 367 Maty przeglqad 8: 87; 10: 393 Jewish marriages in 10:11, 27 ‘March Events’ of 1968, see under Jewish population 8: 66, 90, 177, 245-6; Polish—Jewish relations

11: 128-32, 152 marriage, Jewish 10: xxxiii

Jewish provincial press 8: 185, 189 in 18th-c. Poland 10: 3-39

Judenrat 11:149n. 56 adultery 10:5, 10-11; penalties for 10: 8,

kehilah elections 8: 222 11-12

memoirs of, see Index of Persons: Reiss, age at 1:49, 51; 10: xxxiii, 5, 12-17, 18-27, 29,

Walter; Schnek, Fela 36, 382; and religious education

pogroms in 4: 149; 8: 9, 80, 196; 10: 356, 365; 11: 19-20; in Tsarist Empire 7:77

11: 186; 12:10, 21 attitudes to, in Polish Enlightenment

Polytechnic 2: 264 10: 6-10, 12-13, 16-17, 23 religious reform in 11: xix bar mitzva and 1:64n.7

under Soviet occupation 4: 223 n. 14, 224; birth-rate seen as result of traditional

11: 145-6, 151-2 marriage practices 10: 6-8, 10, 14-17

synagogues 12:9, 16, 81; Golden Rose and choice of partner 10:5, 12-13, 15, 24 11: 128-9; Progressive (Tempel) 2: ills. 10 decline in standards 10:3, 10-12 and 11 following p. 180; 11: xix, 127-53; in and dowries 10: 13, 24—5, 27, 29

Rybki Square 2: 190; wooden 10: 114, early 7:17;and conscription 3:225; and

162-3 divorce 1:62, 66n. 54; and poverty 1:53,

17th-c. town plan 5:30 58

university 12:45 in the east European Haskalah 1: 49-67

yeshivas of 11:21, 132 and geographic mobility 10:8, 11-12, 24—5,

L’vov, see L’viv 30-1

Lwow, see L’viv husband—wife age differences 10:25, 37-8 length of 10:22

M levirate 10:67, 72-3, 80 n. 72 andlove 1:55 Ma’anit youth group 9: 216 marital breakdown 10: 11-12

Mabit 10:71 n.31 and mercantilism 10:6, 24

Maccabi, see Makabi mixed 8: 49-50, 83-4, 110; social class Machsike Hadas 12:17, 118 n. 80, 162 10:7 Machsike Hadas 12:118n. 80 and Napoleonic Code 10:18

Madagascar Plan 5:91, 109; 8: 145; 11: 299, occupation and 10: 13-16

305; 11: 89 n. 59, 299, 305 physiocrats on 10:6

Magdeburg Law 10: 8, 365, 404 Polish attitudes to 10: 3-18

magic in Judaism 10: 386-8 relations with in-laws 1: 56-7 Mah yafit 10: 273-6, 280-2, 284 and remarriage 10: 6-7, 22, 294-5, 310

see also majufes and repression of Jews 1:37

Majdanek 1: 221; 6: 298; 11: 363-4 and residence in parental home 10: xxxiii,

majufes 4: 115, 120; 10: xxxiv, 273-86 27-31, 38 dictionary definition 10: 280-2 restrictions on 1:37; 10:7, 16-18, 24—5,

and Jewish national consciousness 10: 282 30-1 | | literary references to 10: 275-80, 282-3 role of matchmaker 1: 58-9

| texts of 10: 276-7, 285-6 see also divorce, Jewish; family, Jewish;

Makabi 8:73 intermarriage; kest

Makhmadim 6: 223 martyrdom, Jewish 1:330 Mak6w Mazowiecki, synagogue, 1988 use of binding of Isaac as justification for 1:330

5:45 depiction in Yiddish songs 4: 42-52; 5: 178, | Matopolska 12:4, 11 182 n. 30 Maty dziennik 8: 147, 149, 164, 166, 171-2, 174, in works of A. Rudnicki 11: 247-62

268, 271-2, 264-5, 277 see also catastrophe, Jewish responses to

126 General Index Marxism, Marxists 4: 192-4 of east European Jews 2: 412-14

and the Bund 9:81 family history 8: 290-8, 301-22 — viewofJews 12: 262 Persons: Korzec, Pawel

and nationalism 9: 20, 22, 30 of flight to the Soviet Union, see Index of

maskilim 1:49; 11:12 Jakob Fromer and the Haskalah 7: 13-30 army service, support for 11:34-5 of the Holocaust 6: 297-301; 10: 358-9;

onchildhood 1:53-4 11:97-11]1

on early marriage 1: 53-5, 58-9 of immigration to the USA, see Index of experiences of Jakob Fromer 7:13-30 _ Persons: Antin, Mary experiences of Solomon Maimon 7: 12-30 interviews with Holocaust survivors in

hasidim, attitude to 11:26, 35, 43, 45, 155 Poland 10: 355-8

heder, attitude to 1:54 of Krakéw ghetto, see Index of Persons:

influence on Yiddish and Hebrew literature Biberstein, Aleksander

4:58 . of Krakéw during the Holocaust, see Index of

and integration 1: 84-5 Persons: Shatyn, Bruno on love In marriage 1:55 of Lodz 6: 262-87

loyalties in 1863 1: 83-4 of L’viv 4: 223 n. 13, 224 nn. 45, 48; see also and Maimonides 1 1:49, 51 , Index of Persons: Reiss, Walter; Schnek, and male friendship 1: 62-3, 67 n. 58 Fela

mikveh, attitude to 11:60 Salomon Maimon and the Haskalah synagogues of1:59 2: 189-90 al ecanital; 7: 12-30 on values of capitalist commerce : of Neuengamme 6: 299

see also Haska 66_88

on veotta k ah Polish-Jewish relations in, 1918-39 8: xix,

mayor, Jewas 8: 103 , ; , of a Russian Jewish attorney, see Index of mayufes, see majufes Persons: Gruzenberg, Oskar Mauthausen 1: 218-19; 11: 285, 308-9

of rescuers of Jews 5: 460-2

Mazovia province, ritual murder accusations 5 in 10: 136-7 of Second World War, see Index of Persons:

- ee a,;Jewish _ofAleksandrowicz, medicine, involvement ; Julian shtetllife 8:in: 90-112

and contacts with non-Jews 10: 207-11 dsocial ‘cation 8:68-71

medical practitioners, Jewish, accused of “fs s0cla stratl ne 433-6. Iso Ind

ritual murder 10: 115-16 or soviet een oh i eel

recent scholarship on 10: 372-4 of Persons. Me i” Gina .

see also Index of Persons: Ba’al Shem Tov; of Wiadystaw Szpilman 7: 203-5

Bunem, Simchah; Leiner, Gershon of tsarist Russia 1: 369-70 Henoch; Rosenberg, Judah Yudel ofJulian Tuwim 6: 253-61 Medyka, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 | of Warsaw 4: 451; 5: 390-1, 453-9; 6: 300;

Medzhybizh 12: 305 during Holocaust, see Index of Persons: Jewish community 12: 298-9, 302 Clarke, Anna; Krall, Hanna; Kubar , Lofia; Mein Kampf, compared with Talmud 8: 160 Makower, Henryk; Perechodnik, Calek,

Meir Ba’al Hanes Foundation 11:64 Schmidt, Leokadia

Meir hakadosh 10: 351 of Warsaw ghetto, see under Warsaw ghetto Me’irat einayim 10: 195 of Volhynia 1939-41, see Index of Persons:

melamed 1:54 Ajzensztajn-Kesher, Beti

memoirs and diaries 1: 332-3, 407-9; 2: 460, of young Jews in Poland in the 1930s

472-4; 3: 12; 5: 389-93 8: 42-65

of Bergen-Belsen, see Index of Persons: see also autobiographies of young Jews and Gitler-Barski, J6zef; Tomkiewicz, Mina Index of Persons: Trunk, Yehiel Yeshaia; of concentration and extermination camps Tyszka, Leon

1: 397 memorial services, see under death: and

of the Council of Four Lands, see Indexof _ mourning rituals Persons: Ber of Bolech6w, Dov men, Jewish, seedemography, Jewish

General Index 127 Mensheviks: minhag, see customs, religious

and the Bund 10: 262, 264 Ministry of Culture and the Arts, Poland 9: 232

and Duma elections of 1912 9:54 n. 12 Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Poland 9: 232

merchants, Jewish 1:99 minorities, non-Jewish 1:340—5; 8: 69, 75-6,

in Prussian towns 7:3-~6 168, 208 messianism: Belarussian 8:5, 15, 39, 46, 81, 119, 123 Merchants’ Union 9:98 in 20th-c. Poland 4: 143-59

and emancipation 11: 37-8 citizenship 8: 115-20, 127-8

, Jewish 8: 134; see also Index of Persons German 8:5, 15, 32, 39, 332

under Leiner, Gershon Henoch; Zeitlin, in Jewish historiography 8:8

Hillel Lithuanian 8: 15, 39, 81, 119, 123 messianic movements, see Frankists; and politics 4: 426-8 Sabbateanism threat from 8: 184

Polish 1: 70-1, 414 Ukrainian 8:5, 15, 39, 46, 119, 123, 178, 387, and restoration of Temple worship 10:56, 65 A10 and resurrection 10: 49, 55, 57, 62-3 see also National Minorities Treaty and ritual murder accusations 10: 131-2 Minorities’ Bloc 9: 81—2

and Socialism 9: xix Minorities Treaty 1919, see National Minorities

and tekhelet 11: 46-8 Treaty

of year 5600 11: 39-40 . minority, Jews as 8: 16-19 see also Index of Persons under Leiner, Mirisk Mazowiecki (Novominsh):

Gershon Henoch; Zeitlin, Hillel pogrom (1936) 7: 148 methodology yeshiva 11:7 comparative 8: xix, 13 Mir kumenon 11:359

use of memoirs 8:68 Mishmar 6: 107

mezuzah, on gate of Jewish quarter 1:23 Mishmeret you theroup 9:216 Middle Ages, and Jewish history 9: 271-4 missionary movement, and conversion of Jews

middle crass attitude to Jews 8:71, 11:348-50 194, 202, 232, 392 ; ‘a. ;

Jewish 8: 178, 296, 328, 390; 9: xviii, 65, 69, ee ageaNe 9: 265;

: Dolce & one 0 mitnagedim 6: 275; 11: xvii Midrasz 10: xviii and hasidism 2: 154; 11: 419 | Mielnik, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 on smoking 11:26 Miesiecznik Zydowski 6: 123 as superintendents of synagogues 2: 179 | Miedzyrzecz: views of Shmuel Ettinger on 4: 497 18th-c. town plan 5:31 and yeshivas 11: 3-4, 6, 20-1, 23-4

synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 Mitteilungen zur jlidischen Volkskunde 7:93 migration, Jewish, see emigration, Jewish; Mizrachi party 7: 139; 9:71, 98, 196 n. 1; 11:55,

! immigration, Jewish 77n. 4, 113, 203

Mikolaj Kopernik University, and study of and kehilah elections 8: 216, 218

Jewish history 9: 236 on territorialism 11:79, 82

Mikotajki, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46 Miodzi, programme 2:311-12

mikveh, mikva’ot, cleanliness of 11:60 Mlodziez Wszechpolska (All-Polish Youth) Milejczyce, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 2: 247-50, 253-5, 257, 260, 263; 8: 198; military service, by Jews 8:81, 111, 172; 12: 200 12: 278 in Anders’s army 8:335-8, 358, 372-6 modernization:

: and citizenship status 8:117,119 influence of German Jewish model 3:383-6 asameans of integration 3: 224-7 of Jewish communities 3: 369-72

: in Russia 1:133 of Jewish religious practice: hasidism and see also taxes on Jews: in lieu of military 11: xviii-xix, 5; in Poland 11: xix—xxi; in : service and under Galicia Russian Empire 11:6

militia, in Kielce 9: 164-6, 167-8 and Jews 8: xvili-xix, 63, 185 |

128 General Index Modliborzyce, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 45 imprisonment of Erlich and Alter

Mogielnica, synagogue 2: ill. 5 following 10: 247-57, 272

p. 180, 186 and Kielce pogrom 9: 163, 165-6, 168

9: 46 Agency) 9: 146

Moment, Der 2: 220, 228, 231; 3: 150; 8: 218; Narodowa Agencja Prasowa (National Press Monarchistyczna Organizacja Wszechstanowa Narodowa Demokracja (Endecja; National

(MOW; Party of Monarchists of All Democracy) 1:126n. 18, 136, 230, 294-7,

Classes) 4:172 347-8; 2: 17-18, 26, 37, 52-3, 95, 114, 281, Monitor 10: 7-8 282 n. 4, 340, 379; 3: 178-9, 181; 4: 95-6,

Monowice 1: 213, 221 120, 170, 210; 6: 101-3; 8: 10, 196; 9: 45, 48, morality, decline in 10: 8-12 52 n. 10; 12: 37, 94, 269

Morgenblat 3: 150 alleged boycott by Jews 2: 106 Morges Front 8:261 and anti-Jewish boycott 11:63, 315 Moriah 7: 134 antisemitism 1: 117; 6:98, 329; 7: 147-8,

Moscow, expulsion of Jews from (1891) 1:117 261-3; 8:5, 8, 197-200, 202-3, 206, 391-2;

Mosina, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 44 9: 62, 66, 134; 11: 63, 147, 175, 186, 239, 325 Moskovskie vedomosti 1: 102, 104; 5: 231, 233 attitude to Jewish Question 1:291-3

Moskva 1: 103 attitudes to Jews 8:47, 78, 79-80, 87, 117

Moskvich 1: 103 ; n. 5, 236, 261, 328, 333-4

mourning, Jewish concepts of 5:398 and Bund 9:61

see also death: and mourning rituals and conspiracy theories 11: 174, 177 Mstoéw, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46 and discriminatory regulations 8: 124

Murav’evshchina 1: 102 and Duma elections of 1912 9:50 murder, ritual, see ritual murder and fair treatment of Jews 8:79 musarmovement 1:50; 11: xviii, 21, 195, 205-6 and Jewish emigration 9:58, 65

music, Jewish: and the Jewish Question 12: 271-83 in the Polish popular theatre 4: 115 and £6dZ municipal elections 9: 63-5, 96 in synagogues 11: 131, 140, 142, 144 and mass emigration ofJews 11: 184 see also cantors; choirs, synagogue and municipal elections of 1934 9: 83-4, 86

musicians, Jewish 3:68 origins 1:116 mysticism 11: xviii , and press 8: 192

east European 2: 414-16 and ‘spiritual’ racism 12: 282-2

Gershon Henoch and 11:33, 48-9, 51-2 and the universities 2: 246-68

and magic 10: 386-8 in Warsaw 8:390

and origins of hasidism 12:305 Narodowa Organizacja Wojskowa (NOW; and ‘raising of sparks’ by tobacco 11:27 National Military Organization) 4:355-6

Sivitz and 11:208 Narodowa Partia Robotnicza (NPR; National

Watand 11:367-8 Workers’ Party) 8: 197, 201

see also kabbalah Narodowa Partia Robotnicza-Lewica (Left National Workers’ Party) 8: 203

N Narodowa Partia Robotnicza-Prawica (NPR; National Workers’ Party) 9:88, 92-3, 95,

Naje lebn, Dos 6: 107 104

Nakhrikht, Di 6: 111-12 Narodowe Silty Zbrojne (NSZ; National Armed Naleczow, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 47 Forces) 4:355-6; 9: 144, 165

Naréd 9: 140-1 Narodowe Stronnictwo Pracy (National Party Narodnaya Volia (The People’s Will) 5: 250; of Labour) 9: 92-3

9: 4, 8-9 Narodowe Zjednoczenie Miodziezy

Narodnyi Komitet Vnutrennykh Del (NKVD or Akademickiej 2: 247 NKWD; National Committee for Internal | Narodowo-Chrzescijariski Front Robotniczy

Affairs; the Soviet Secret Police) (National Christian Workers’ and Erlich’s history of the Bund 10: 257-60, Front/National Christian Labour Front)

262, 266-7, 270, 272 9: 93-5, 100, 104

General Index 129 Narodowo-Socjalistyczna Partia Robotnicza and ethnic identity 3: 401-4; 5: 413-15, (NSPR; National Socialist Workers’ Party) 420-2; 12: 85, 91, 100-19, 138

4:172 German 11:92

Narodowy Zwiazek Robotniczy-Kilinczycy Jewish 8:6, 10-11, 19-20, 329; 9: 13, 15-16,

(National Workers’ Union) 9:92 18, 20-5; in Congress Kingdom 11:35,

Nasielsk, hevrah of 9: 192-4 37-8; in inter-war years 11: xx, 235; and Nasz Przeglqd 2: 219, 221, 228-32, 234; 5: 106; the Bund 9:33, 37-9, 43, 68, 70-1; and 7: 149, 155; 8: 87, 182, 189, 285; 12: 180, Duma elections of 1912 9:51; and

188-9 messianism 8: 134; and post-war

— Nasza Obrona 8: 283-4 antisemitism 9: 177; and PPS Proletariat Nasza Walka 7: 141-2 9: 35-7; and SDKPiL 9:37; and self-

Nasze Stowo 6: 107 determination 9:35; and young Jews

National Committee for Internal Affairs, see 8: 60, 64; and Zeitlin 11: 85-93 Narodnyi Komitet Vnutrennykh Del see also language; passports, control of; ‘National Concentration’ 9:48 n.3,52n.10 patriotism, of Jews; territory, and

National Council for the Homeland, see nationhood; Zionism and under

Krajowa Rada Narodowa individual languages

National Democratic Party, see Narodowa Polish 11: 34-6, 34, 122-3, 239; 12: 251; and

Demokracja | antisemitism 8:8, 52, 195-7, 329;

National Democratic ‘Secession’ 9: 45, 48, 50 attitudes towards Jews, 1926-39

National Democrats, see Narodowa 4: 169-203; 11: 34, 36, 184, 188, 263-4,

Demokracja 271-2; definition 4: 170; and Jewish press

National League, see Liga Narodowa 8: 184; main parties 4: 170-3; and

National Military Organization, see Narodowa restrictions on Jews 8: 125-7; Zionism

Organizacja Wojskowa encouraged by 11:37

National Minorities Treaty 4: 426-9; 5: 144; Ukrainian 9: 144; 11: 233, 236—41, 243-5; 8: 14-41, 116, 121; 9: 26; 10: 374-6; 11: 186, 12: 91-2, 94-5

315 see also under Galicia

and Britain 8: 23-6, 29-35, 36-7, 39, 40 nationalization, calls for 8: 201, 204—5

and civil rights 8: 116-17, 121 nation-state: |

and lack of Jewish unity 8: 39-40 and Jewish rights 8: 23-9, 35, 39-41 , and United States 8: 26-30, 31-2, 36-8, 40 Polandas 8: 14, 19-20, 27, 38-9

, weaknesses 8: 35-8 Natolin group, and antisemitism of 1956 | Lucien Wolfs role in drafting 2: 7-36 9: 170-1, 176, 182-3

: National Movement, see Stronnictwo Naye folkstsaytung 9: 160

Narodowe Naye lebn, Dos 8: 186 Radykalny Naye tsaytung, Di 3: 150

National Radical Camp, seeOb6z Narodowo- _— Naye tsayt, Di 7: 140

, National Socialist Community 1: 117 _ Nayer folksblat 6: 106, 114, 116, 123-4 National Socialist Party, seePartia Narodowo- =‘ Nayes lodzher morgenblat 6: 112

Socjalistyczna Nayes lodzher togblat 6: 111

, National Socialist Workers’ Party, see Nazism:

Narodowo-Socjalistyczna Partia attitude towards Ostjuden 5:74—102

| Robotnicza and Catholic press 11: 274-7

| National State Movement, see Ruch and conspiracy theories 11: 175, 180 Narodowo-Paristwowy and continuation of Polish policies 8: xvi National Textile Industry Union 9:99 destruction of Polish élite 2:373—4, 400;

National Theatre 4:99, 100 4: 385

national unity, myth of 1:72 and economic boycott ofJews 8: 282-9 | National Workers’ Party, see Narodowa Partia effects on eastern Europe 8: xx, 398-401

| Robotnicza euthanasia programme 4: 464—5, 471; 5: 92,

nationalism: 440-6; 11: 305

130 General Index Nazism (contd): and emancipation 10:354 Final Solution 1: 212, 216, 301; 2: 269, 295, family genealogies 5: 372-84 387-8; 3: 416—19; 4: 465; 5: 435-7, 450; and Jewish population 10: xxxi—xxxii, 24, 11: 275-6, 303-8, 317-18; genesis of policy 160, 205, 344, 406

5: 79-80 and the Jews 1: 22-3, 26 n. 22, 31-2, 123 foreign workers under 4: 465 2: 103, 164—9; 3: 79, 92; 4: 22-3; 11: 313-14,

Gypsies, policies on 4: 464 | 329; in Galicia 12: 4—5, 36; Jewish

historiography 4: 467-73 innkeepers 2: 419-20; Jewish settlements and ‘international Jewry’ 9:55 5: 27-8; 12: 4; supported by Jews in the

and Jewish press 8: 184 17th c. 4: 32-4; in the Ukraine 3: 207-8 Jewish response to 11: 298-9 in literature 5: 289-92

and Jewish support 9:56 and Polish population 10:30

negotiations with Nazis 11:299-300 in Polish—Lithuanian Commonwealth Polish attitudes to policy and ideology . 1: 22-3, 31, 38, 40-1

5: 103-13 privileges granted by Kazimierz IV 2: 120

propaganda films 4: 464—5 and ritual murder accusations 10: 140 repression of Jews 8: 255, 257, 262, 338-41 stereotypical views of 12: 53-4

rescue of Jews from 11: 298-300 and the Ukrainians 3:343—4, 378

social policies 4: 462-6 view of foreigners 4:22

and support for Jews 9: 160 in Yiddish and Hebrew literature 4: 57-9, 62 and Ukrainians 11: 240-6 see also towns: private; villages: private and underground movement 9: xxi, 138-47 Non-Party Bloc for Co-operation with the

and war crimes 11:344 Government, see Bezpartyjny Blok see also concentration camps; extermination Wspédlpracy z Rzadem camps; Holocaust; Madagascar Planand Nord, Le 5:201

Index of Persons: Hitler, Adolf North America, antisemitism in 11: 341

Neolog Judaism 11: xix, 328 November Uprising, see under uprisings, Neue Freie Presse 12: 104, 107, 115-16, 118 Polish Neue Nationalzeitung 12: 168, 174 Novit chas (New Time) 11: 233, 235, 237, 239,

Neue Zeitung 12: 172 n.32, 174 242

Neuengamme 6: 299 Nowa Organizacja Syjonistyczna ‘Rewizjonisci’ Neuzeit, Die 12:101, 119 (New Zionist Organization ‘Revisionists’), New National Movement, see Nowy Ruch see Revisionist Zionists

Narodowy Nowa Polska 6: 260; 7:41

New States Committee (NSC) 8:28, 33, 36-8 Nowe Miasto Pultuskie, Jewish community

New Zionist Organization, see under Zionism 2: 181

newspapers, see press Nowe Stowo 2: 228

Niebylec, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 44 Nowe Zycie 7: 142 Niezalezna Socjalistyczna Partia Pracy Nowy Dwor, printingin 12: 198-211 (Independent Socialist Labour Party) Nowy Dziennik 2: 219, 223, 238; 7: 136, 139-41,

9: 26 144, 146, 262; 8: 189; 10: 393; 12: 180-1

Nisko, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:46 Nowy Korczyn, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46,

NKVD (NKWD), see Narodni Komitet A8 Vnutriennykh Diel Nowy Ruch Narodowy (NRN; New National

nobility, Polish 1:84—5, 90 Movement) 4:171 acceptance of converts 4:28 Nowy Sacz:

advantages of relations with 4: 36-7 hasidim, see Sanzer hasidim

and age of marriage 10:26 ritual murder accusations in 10: 132-3, apathy at time of January Uprising 1: 69-70 136

attitudes to trade 4:20 synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 44 defined 12:121 NPR, see Narodowa Partia Robotnicza

Austrian attitude to 12: 53-4 Nowy Targ, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 47

General Index 131 numerus clausus 1: 117; 2: 246—68; 3: 161; Ojczyzna 12:18, 166 4: 182-3, 185; 5: 258; 6: 89; 7: 149; 8: 122, Okienko na Swiat 7:141

127, 198-9, 204; 12: 278 Oktyaber 9: 123

see also Aryan clauses Old Testament Believer, see Jews: terms for

numerus nullus 8: 198 Olesnica, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 48 Nuremberg, synagogue 11: 162 Olsztyn, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 45

Oneg Shabbat, see under Warsaw ghetto

O ONR, see Ob6z Narodowo-Radykalny Opatow 1:32

Oberpolitseimeister, Warsaw 9: 52-4 Jewish community in 18th c. 8:382-4 Ob6z Narodowo-Radykalny (ONR; National Operation Reinhard 5: 448-9 Radical Camp) 1: 215, 293; 2: 311-20, 339; Opinja 2: 228-9, 233 4:171, 189, 244; 5: 103; 7: 263; 8: 200; 9:97, Opoczno 5:45, ill. 7 following p. 52

143; 12: 281 Opole, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46

programme 2:312 : Organizacja Bojowa Polskiej Partii

Ob6z Narodowo-Radykalny-ABC. 5: 103 Socjalistycznej (Fighting Organization of Ob6z Narodowo-Radykalny-Falanga 5: 103 the Polish Socialist Party) 1:215 Ob6z Wielkiej Polski (OWP; Great Poland Organizacja Syjonist6w Ortodokséw ‘Mizrahi’ Camp) 2:311; 5: 103; 8: 198, 199, 304; 9:97 (Organization of Orthodox Zionists

Ob6z Zjednoczenia Narodowego (OZON; ‘Mizrachi’), see Mizrachi party Camp of National Unity) 1:294—5; 2: 85, Organization of Independent Jews, see Zwiazek

340; 3: 305; 7: 154, 260-1, 263-5; 8: 203-4, Niezawislych Zyd6w 236-7, 256; 8: 126, 203-4, 236-7, 256; 9:65, Organization of Jewish Participants in the

| 67, 70 Fight for Poland’s Independence, see Obrzycko, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 Zwiazek Zydéw Uczestnikéw Walk o Obshchestvo Razprostranenia Truda (ORT; Niepodlegtosé Polski Organization for Occupational Organization of Jewish War Disabled, Widows,

Retraining) 10: 269 and Orphans, see Zwiazek Zydowskich

obshchina, and Socialism 9: 4 Inwalidéw, Wd6w i Sierot Wojennych

occupations, Jewish: Organization for Occupational Retraining, see and census records 10: 19-20 Obshchestvo Razprostranenia Truda

and contact with non-Jewish world 10:201, Organization of Poles of Mosaic Faith, see ,

203-5, 215, 407 Zwiazek Polakéw Wyznania

and early marriage 10: 13-16, 23 Mojzeszowego

| and residence in parental home 10:27 Organization of Student Youth ‘Zagiew’,

| Odessa 5: 225, 234-5 see Zwiazek Mtodziezy Studenckiej | Jewish immigrants from Galicia 2: 423 ‘Zagiew’

Jewish community 2: 420-3 Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN)

, Odesskii vestnik 1: 104-5 11: 233, 245

Odolan6éw, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46 organs in synagogues 11: 142, 144

, Odrodzenie (Renaissance) 8: 198 Orla, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 47 Odrzyw6l, incidents of 1935 5: 328, 337, 357 Orthodox Christians, forced conversion to

n.4 Catholicism in inter-war Poland 4: 212

, Oesterreichische Wochenschrift 12: 161-2 Orthodox League 8: 20

Office of the Government Delegate for the Orthodoxy, Jewish 8: xx Homeland (Delegatura Rzadu) 9: 138, 144 and emigration to United States 11: 192-215

Ogol Polski 5:211 and flight from Germans 9:214n.6

3 Og6lna Liga Przeciw Rasizmowi (All-Polish and Ger dynasty 11:45 Anti-Racist League) 4: 228, 243-54 in historiography 8: 6, 7

Og6lnozydowski Zwiazek Robotniczy Bund and Jewish separatism 8:74—5, 326, 329

| (General Jewish Workers’ Union Bund), in Krakow 11:327-8, 330

see Bund and L6dZ synagogue 11: 162-4, 166

132 General Index Orthodoxy, Jewish (contd): Palestine: and L’viv synagogue 11: xix, 129-30, 134-8, and Begin 9: 249

149-51 emigration to 9:28, 66~9, 80, 125, 137, 166,

modernization 1: 131-2 198

in Pittsburgh 11: 201-3, 207 illegal immigration to. 7: 164-6, 169 and Polish state 8: 20-1, 32, 39-40 Jewish community reactions to Holocaust, and Progressive Judaism 11: 113, 129-32, 1942-3 2: 269-309

134-8, 150 as Jewish state 8:25, 26, 143-5, 184

and religious schools 8:32 MacDonald’s White Paper on 11: 389 and return to Erets Israel 11: 78-9 partition 9:68 in shtet]communities 8: 93-4 and State of Israel, legal status of 11: 387

and Socialism 9: 7, 63, 81 and young Jews 8:51, 60-1

Warsaw Great Synagogue, attitude to and youth movements 9: 195-211, 213-14,

Orthodoxy 11: 112-14, 116, 118, 121 216-17, 285 and Western medicine 11: 56-61 and Zionism 9:67, 69, 151-2

and yeshivas 11:5 see also Erets Israel; Yishuv

and Yiddish 8:43 Pamietnik historyczno-polityczny 1:42 and young Jews 8: 42, 44—5, 48-50, 52, 55, Pamietnik religijno-moralny 8: 130

63, 64 Parczew, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 45-6

and Zionism, see Mizrachi party Paris Convention of Socialists 9:12

see also Agudas Yisroel; hasidism; Paris Peace Conference (1919) 2:7, 15, 110,

Lithuanian Jews; musar movement; 114; 11: 388 | Po’alei Agudas Yisroel Parisian Assembly of Jewish Notables 2: 157

Os 6: 238-9, 249 nn. 22-3 parliament, and minority representation

Ostatnie Wiadomosci 8: 188 9: 41-3

Ostjuden 1: 373-5; 4: 434-41 Partia Narodowo-Socjalistyczna (PNS; and the Final Solution 5: 74-102 Nationalist Socialist Party) 4: 171

in Germany 5:58 Partia Niezaleznych Socjalist6w (Party of

Nazi attitudes towards 5: 74-102 Independent Socialists) 8:72 prejudice against 11: 132 Partia Niezaleznych Socjalistéw (later

Ostjudenverein (Union of Eastern Jews) 5:58, Niezalezna Socjalistyczna Partia Pracy;

65 Socialist Workers’ Party) 10: 262

Ostréw, synagogue 11: 389 parties, Polish political:

Ostréw Wielkopolski, synagogue, 1988 use of and antisemitism 8: 194-205

5: 46, ill. 11 following p. 52 isolationism as a political policy 8: 195

Ostrowiec, yeshiva 11:16 Jewish 8: 40, 182, 208, 297

Oswiecim, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 45-6 and Jewish nationalism 8:19

Oszmiana, synagogue 2: 193 and Jewish separatism 8:72 Ottoman Empire, Ashkenazi Jews in 10: 68-71, reaction to Jews 8: xix

73, 83 restriction on 8: 208-9

Otwock, yeshiva 11:15 , and young Jews 8: 58-60

OWP, see Ob6z Wielkiej Polski see also under names of individual parties Ozardw, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 partisans, in Second World War 11:360-1, OZON, see Obéz Zjednoczenia Narodowego 375-7

P 359, 365, 368

Jewish 1:321; 2:374, 461; 3: 195-6; 4: 356-7,

Polish 3: 460

Pale of Settlement 1:99, 107-8, 117; 2: 428; see alsounderground movements and under

3: 161, 180; 5: 24, 114, 126, 176, 233; Second World War 9: 10, 12, 57, 289; 10: 150, 152, 179, 355; partition:

12: 258 Austro-Hungarian 8:111, 115, 117, 121, 189,

calls for abolition of 1: 102-3, 106 229; see also Galicia

General Index 133 Prussian 8:111, 115, 195 pilgrimages: Russian 8: 115, 117, 121-2, 189, 195-6, 229, hasidic 11: 23—5, 69, 74

388-92 March of the Livingas_ 11:388, 390

Party of Independent Jews, see Stronnictwo pilpul 11: xviii, 4n. 4

Niezawislych Zyd6w Pilzno, Jewish cemetery 11: 72-5

Party of Independent Socialists, see Partia Pincz6w:

Niezaleznych Socjalist6w synagogue, 1988 use of 5:47

Party of Monarchists of All Classes, see 18th-c. town plan 5:38

Monarchistyczna Organizacja Pinkas hakehilot 8:8

Wszechstanowa Pinsk, massacre at (April 1919) 1:227-51; 2: 24, Party of National Monarchists, see Stronnictwo 27, 62

Monarchist6w Narodowych and Polish historiography 2: 50-72 Party of Polish Fascists, see Stronnictwo Pioneers, see youth movements, Jewish

Faszystéw Polskich Piotrké6w Trybunalski:

passports, control of 8: 255, 260-4 Jewish cemetery 11: 389 patriotism, of Jews 8: xix, 51, 168, 170-2, 175, ritual murder accusationsin 10: 109-10, 124

202, 387; 9:30 synagogue, 1988 use of 5:44 patriots: Pittsburgh: Polish 11: 107-9, 121, 263-78 congregations in 11: 196-207 passim

Polish Jewish 1: 69-70, 72-4, 81-2; 7: 323-4; Sivitz, Moshe Shimon, in 11: 198-204 11: 151, 237, 239, 314, 330, 335, 347, 354 Plasz6w 2: 458-9; 11: 363-4

Russian Jewish 11: 121 PLC, see Polish—Lithuanian Commonwealth

see also nationalism Plock, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46

Peasant Party, see Stronnictwo Ludowe Plomienie (newspaper) 9: 299-30

peasant rebellions 12:29, 30n.10 Pniewy, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45

peasantry: , Po’alei Agudas Yisroel 9:99

Polish 1: 233; 12:29; attitudes towardsJews _Po’aleiTsion 2: 440-1, 443, 448; 5: 135; 6: 99; 1: 43, 148; 8: 45-6, 78, 232, 411-12; conflict 7: 139, 141-2; 8: 60; 9: xx, 26, 75, 78, 100,

with Jews in Galicia 8: 195; and January 152-3, 196 n. 1; 12: 19, 169, 174

, Uprising 1:73; Jewish attitudes to 8: 46; see also Zydowska Socjalistyczna Partia

| in literature 5: 292-5; stereotypical views Robotnicza Poale Syjon

of 12:30-1 Po’alei Tsion Left 9:62, 64, 69-70, 73, 98-9,

| and marriage 10: 7-8, 30; relations with 151, 153, 156, 298; 10: 262 Jews 2: 171-2; 4: 23, 378-9; in shtetl cultural activity 8:73, 251

: | communities 8: 92-3, 95-6, 98-9, 295; and kehilah elections 1936 8: 214—15, 220-1 stereotypical views of 1: 178-9 and trade unions 8: 248 , Russian: age at marriage 1:51; self- Po’alei Tsion Right 8:73; 9: 62,71, 98, 100, 118

government 1: 101 and kehilah elections 1936 8: 215-16

, Ruthenian 4:32 and trade unions 8: 182, 248

3 Ukrainian: antisemitism 1: 338; Pobudka and the Jewish Question 1: 117-24, : emancipation 12:29; stereotypical views 126 nn. 15-17 and 19-21, 127 n. 26, 128

of 12:54 n. 32; 5: 251, 266

, pedlars, Jewish 8:94, 98-9 Podlasie:

| Peel Commission 9:68 Jewish community, 15th-20th cc. 4: 482-7 , Pe’er layesharim 10: 195 ritual murder accusations in 10: 105-8

socialist 9:4—5 Podlowie region, ritual murder accusations in || periodicals, Pesah,Jewish asaname 1:8-9 10: 122 philosophers, Jewish, in Poland 11:350 Podolaks 12:87

| philosophy, and hasidism 11:31-2, 50-2, Podolia:

78 and Jewish trade 10: 202 : Piaseczno, yeshiva 11:14 ritual murder accusations in 10: 113, 130-1 Piast 9:65 wooden synagoguesin 10: 145 n.7

134 General Index poetry: statistical history of 11: 337 Hebrew 5: 408 status of Jews, 16th—18th cc. 1: 19-27 Polish: and the Holocaust 2: 321-3, 326-7, tradition of Jewish settlement in 9: ix—x

332; Jews in 2: 200 see also under yeshiva

Yiddish 3: 152; 6: 264-6, 270; 12: 166, 170 Poland-a European Country 4: 380-1 Pogléwne, Jewish, see under taxes on Jews Polaniec, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 pogroms 1:114; 2:9, 27, 66, 103, 107; 3: 161, Polczyn Zdr6j, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:47 174; 5: 258; 8: 23, 77-8, 181, 328; 9: 16, 20; Poles, Austrian view of 12: 55-6

10: 348, 370-2; 12: 22 Polesie 2: 50-1, 54 of 1648 12:10 Polish, see language, Polish; literature, Polish;

of 1871 2: 421 poetry: Polish 1881-2 (Russian) 2: 424—5; 4:61, 107 Polish Brethren 5: 211

1918-20 8:9, 30-1, 39, 80, 184, 189, 196 Polish Christian Democratic Party, see Polskie

1936 8:210-11 Stronnictwo Chrzescijariskiej Demokracji

in art 7:324 Partia Polski and Beilis case 9:48 Polish Council of Christians and Jews, see

post-war 9: 146-7, 158-67, 171, 180, 299,301 Polish Communist Party, seeKomunistyczna

andthe Bund 10: 261 Polska Rada Chrzescijan i Zydéw

and Duma elections of 1912 9: 48, 54 Polish Democratic Union, see Polski Zwiazek

German 11:121 Demokratyczny

in historiography 8: xvii, 5, 7,98 Polish Emigration Committee, see Komitet

Jewish responses to 2: 424 Emigracyjny Polski

Krak6w (1407) 4:20 Polish Front of the Unemployed, see Polski

in literature 5: 179 , Front Bezrobotnych

poems on 1:331-2 Polish government-in-exile, see governmentand Polish-Swedish war 10: 120 in-exile, Polish Prague (1389) 4:20 Polish League, see Zwiazek Mtodziezy Polskiej and ‘Protocols of the Elders of Zion’ 11:180 Polish legal system, and cases involving Jews

and ritual murder accusations 10: 114, 366-7 11: 386

Russian 11: 146, 164, 181 Polish National Committee, see Komitet

and Russian revolution 9: 55-6 Narodowy Polski

in Ukraine 1:327; 2:31; 9:57; 11: 237, 240 Polish National Democratic Party, see

in Vilna 9: 109, 133-5 Narodowa Demokracja

see also anti-Jewish violence; Kishinev Polish National Socialist Party, see Polska

pogrom; Kolbuszowa synagogue; Partia Narodowo-Socjalistyczna Odrzywél, incidents of 1935; Przytyk, Polish Peasant Party, see Polskie Stronnictwo

incidents of 1936; Lé6dz; L’viv; Ludowe

Reichskristallnacht, Siedlce; Uman; Polish Peasant Party Piast, see Polskie

Warsaw; and under Biatystok; Stronnictwo Ludowe ‘Piast’ Czestochowa; Kielce Polish Radical Party, see Polska Partia

Poland: Radykaina post-war 10:347-9 Polish religious instruction and Judaism 11:387 Constitution of 1791 11:314 Polish Renaissance Front, see Front contemporary (1996) 10: xvii-xxvi | Odrodzenia Polski (FOP) eastern, see eastern Poland Polish Social Democratic Party, see Polska

influences on public opinion in 11:320-1 Partia Socjalno-Demokratyczna

Jewish community 1: 379-82 Polish Socialist Party, see Polska Partia Jewish life in before the Holocaust 5: 429-30 Socjalistyczna

Jewish settlements in 5: 24-39 Polish Socialist Party-Left, see Polska Partia

Kingdom of, see Congress Poland Socjalistyczna-Lewica

Russification 9:16 Polish Socialist Party Opposition, see Polska Sovietization 9: 107, 136-7 Partia Socjalistyczna Opozycja

General Index 135 Polish Socialist Party: Proletariat, see Polska and Duma elections of 1912 in Warsaw

Partia Socjalistyczna-Proletariat 9: 45-54

Polish Socialist Party Revolution Faction, see in Galicia 2: 440-2

Polska Partia Socjalistyczna Frakcja early hasidic attitudes to 4:37

Rewolucyjna historiography of 1: 418-19; 3: 357-8, 363,

Polish Underground Study Trust, see Studium 372; 9: 305-18; 10: 415-34; 10: 366-7,

Polski Podziemnej 388-91, 409

Polish Union of Youth, see Zwiazek Miodziezy and history 9: 249-54

Polskiej Jabotinsky on 5: 156-72

Polish Workers’ Party, see Polska Partia in Kielce 9: 158, 160-1, 169

Robotnicza Jerzy Kosinskiand 12: 284-94

Polish-American relations, 1919-39 2: 73-94 in occupied Poland 4: 449-56

Polish-Jewish brotherhood 1: 68, 73, 77 during partition 4:34—5 Polish—Jewish relations 1: 270-88, 415-17; and Polish government-in-exile 8:4, 11, 8: 9-11, 66-8, 297, 326-9; 10: 102-3, 111, 330-44, 345-81

140, 323, 363-4, 388 during the Polish—Lithuanian

16th—18th cc. 1: 351-7 Commonwealth 4:31-41

1697-1779 1:358-9 portrayal of: in art 10: 398-402; in Polish

in 18thc. 1:35-48; 3: 27; 8: 382-7 cinema 10: xxxiv, 221-46; in Polish

1750-1863 3: 102-21 literature 10: 391-2

in 19thc. 3:29 roots of conflict 8: 133-5

in early 1860s 12: 243-9 in shtetlcommunities 8: 96-112

after the 1863 Uprising 4: 103 and Socialism 9: xx, 13, 16, 21-4, 28

after 1905 12: 252 within socialist movement 5: 253-72 1918-22 1:388-9 under Soviet occupation 2: 397; 4: 14-15, after Paris peace conference of 1918-19 204-24; 12: 320-3

4: 428-9 in 18th-c. towns 10: 204-5

1919-39 1: 288-99, 342-5, 382-7; 3: 302-13; and underground movements 9: 138-47,

4: 430-2; in autobiographies of young 148-57, 250, 298 Jews 8: 42-66; historiography 8: xv—xxi in USAin 1918 2: 95-116

1919-43 4:375-9; 11: 263-78 viewed in multi-ethnic context 4: 143-58 in 1940, in report of Jan Karski 4: 204-9 views of foreigners 4:26 under German occupation 6: 299-301 see also antisemitism; majufes; nobility,

1942-3 2: 269-309 Polish; polonophobia, Jewish; ritual

_ during the Holocaust 4: 226-42, 354-69, murder; stereotypes, Polish: of Jews

442 Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 8: 362-4,

during Second World War 2: 321-58, 376, 383-4, 411

391-403; 12: 324-8 Ashkenazi character of Polish community

after Second World War 4: 243—54, 255-68, 1:30 281-95; 6: 323-5; 9: 172-3, 299-302 autonomous Jewish institutions 1:30-—1

1947-50 3: 438-42 and Council of Four Lands 9: 187-91

1948-66 5: 475 economic hardships of Jews 1:38

events of 1968 4: 262-4 historical sources on 10:364—7 in 1980s 4: 296-310, 313, 476-81 Jewish marriage in 10: 3-29

296 119-20, 149-50

and aid to Jews 9: 138, 141-8, 155-8, 160, Jewish population 1: 28-9; 10: xxxi, 99-101,

Church, attitude towards 8: 156 Jewish urban districts under 5: 24-39 under the Commonwealth 4: 18-30 Jews in 12th and 13th cc. 10: xxxiii, 287-317 Communism, identification of Jews with mobility of Jewsin 1:33

10: 221-2 partitions 1772-95 10:17, 142 n. 4, 202, 206,

contemporary 10: xvii—xxvi 218, 322-3, 327, 331, 380 current attitudes 1:411-13 in recent scholarship 10: 396-8, 405-8

136 General Index Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (contd): Polska Partia Socjaldemokratyczna (Galician

registration ofJewsin 10:18 Social Democratic Party) 9: 19-21

status of Jewsin 1: 29-34 Polska Partia Socjalistyczna (PPS; Polish

towns and populationin 5: 366-71 Socialist Party) 1: 115, 128 n. 30, 215; Polish-Soviet war of 1919-20 1: 233; 8: 80-1, 6: 96, 99; 7: 262; 8: 72, 124, 181, 202, 206, 171, 229, 385; 9:6 n. 12; 10: 100, 119, 382 220; 9: xviii, 6 n. 12; 10: 261-2, 265-6

Jablonna internment camp 4: 445 and the Bund 9: xx, 12-13, 17-19, 33-5, 39, Polish-Swedish war 10: 100, 120-1, 406 43, 59-60, 62-6, 69-71, 80-2, 99; 12: Polish-Ukrainian relations 3:344—5, 409-37; 257-70

12: 141-3 Centralny Komitet Robotniczy (Central see also Ukraine Workers’ Committee) 9:34 Polishness, evidence of in Jewish memoirs desire to incorporate Jewish workers 5: 255-6 8: 44, 50-3, 74 founding of 5: 253, 264 Ponte Lees Jewish, in Poland, see Betar; Fourth Congress 9: 34-5 O altel Sion and Jewish emigration 9:66 politics, Polish: and Jewish underground 9:151 and hasidism 11: 35, 38, 45, 55, 330 and Jews 9:12, 14-15, 17, 22-3, 26-9, 37, inter-war 9: 58-82; role of Jews 4: 425-33 A5 involvementin 8: 103-4, 181-2, 189, 206-7, and Kielce pogrom 9: 167

223, 297 Lodzianin 9:94

and J ewish press 8: 193 and municipal elections: 1934 9:83; 1936

in Kielce 9: 159-60 9: 88-91, 94-6, 99-105 post-war 9: 300-1 Nineteenth Congress 9:27

| and Yiddish press 9: 46-8 Okr Komitet a egowy Komitet Robotni Robotniczy (District and you 8: 5/60, 64 Workers’ Convention) 9: 90-1

Polityka 8: 5 oe | 9. On 9 and pou independence 1: 118-22

P6lnoc 7:31, 33 ixth Convention 9: 18, 23, 34

Pologne, La 5: 199, 206-8, 213; 7: 46 mo ene 20 9:96, 29

Polonization 4:27, 285; 8: 194, 195-7, 199-200, wenty-TOUrED MONBTeSs 9: 0 204, 236-7, 327-8: 11:63, 112, 329, 331 Polska Partia Socjalistyczna Frakcja

of Ukrainians and Belorussians 4: 210 | Rewol ucyjna (Polish Socialist Party see also acculturation of Jews; assimilation, Revolution Faction) 9: 19, 24-5, 96, 104

Jewish; eastern Poland First Rally 3: 26

Polonized Jews,see acculturation of Jews; Polska Par ua Soc] alistyczna Opozy cja 9: 26

assimilation, Jewish Polska Partia 05 automa rewica fy

polonophobia, Jewish 4: 327-8 ~ Lewica; Polish Socialist Party-Left) 9:19,

Polscy Zwiazek Wydawcow Dziennik6éw i 23-4

Czasopism 8: 192 and Duma elections of 1912 9: 45-6, 49-50,

Polscy Socjalisci (Polish Socialists) 9: 151 02-3, 94 n. 12 Polska 5: 198-201, 205-6; 7: 46 Polska Partia Socjalistyczna-Proletariat (Polish Polska Agencja Prasowa (Polish Press Agency) Socialist Party: Proletariat):

9: 165 n. 27 advocacy of terrorism 9: 34, 42

Polska Kronika Filmowa (State Film Chronicle) and the Bund 9: 32-44

9: 167 Polska Partia Socjalno-Demokratyczna (PPSD; Organization) 9:93 : 8: 194 n. 2; 12: 141

Polska Organizacja Wojskowa (Polish Military Polish Social Democratic Party) 1: 136; Polska Partia Narodowo-Socjalistyczna (PPNS; Polska Partia Socjalistyczna Galicji i Slaska

Polish National Socialist Party) 4: 172 (PPSD) 9:14, 17, 20-1; 12:93, 169, Polska Partia Radykalna (Polish Radical Party) 264 —

8: 205 Sekcja Zydowska (Jewish Section) 9: 21-2

Polska Partia Robotnicza (PPR; Polish Workers’ Polska Rada Chrzescijan i Zyd6w (Polish

Party) 9: 144-5, 150, 153; 10: 347-8 Council of Christians and Jews) 9: 232

General Index 137 Polska Sztuka Ludowa 8: 410-13 in Russian Empire in 1860s _ 1: 97-100 Polska Zjednoczona Partia Robotnicza (PZPR; in Silesia 9: 235 Polish United Workers’ Party) 9: 138, of Yishuv 9: 233, 281

170-2, 176-82; 11: 320, 324-6 see also demography, Jewish and under

POPs (party cells) 9: 175-6, 179 }.6dz; L’viv; Warsaw Polski Front Bezrobotnych (Polish Front ofthe population, Polish, in USSR 1:344

Unemployed) 9: 100 populism, Russian 12:345-7

Polski Komitet Wyborczy (Polish Electoral Positivism, Polish 4: 103, 106, 108; 9: 8;

Committee) 9:96, 104 10: 389-90; 12: 74

Polski Zwiazek Demokratyczny (Polish as a political movement 7: 95-6 , Democratic Union) 8: 205 view of ‘Jewish Question’ 12: 249-51

Polski Zwiazek Obroncow Ojczyzny (Polish Positivists 4: 89-91, 93, 96 Union of Defenders of the Fatherland) Postaniec serca Jezusowego 8: 150, 161

9: 93 and image of the Jew 8: 147, 152, 168

Polskie Stronnictwo Chrzescijaniskiej Post, Di 7: 143

Demokracji (Chadecja; Polish Christian poverty, Jewish, 8: xvi-xvii, xvili, xx, 13, 69, 76,

Democratic Party) 8: 124; 9: 88, 92-5, 104 86, 178, 295, 310-11 and antisemitism 8: 197-8, 200-1, 203, 207 in 1930s 4: 162-3

Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe (PSL; Polish and emigration 9:30 Peasant Party) 8: 195, 379; 9: 166 and ghettos 9: 155, 218-20, 229 Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe ‘Piast’ (Polish impact of Great Depression on Jewish

Peasant Party Piast) 8: 124,195 artisans 8: 231-2, 234—5, 237 Polskie Zjednoczenie Zawodowe (Polish Trade of Jewish proletariat 8: 244—5, 248, 251, 253;

Association) 9:95 9: xix, 15, 71-2, 76, 97-8

polygamy, ban on in Polish rabbinic thought effect of railway in exacerbating 12: 149-50

10: 66-84 role of early marriage in 1:53, 58

in Babylonian Talmud 10: 73-4 in shtetlcommunities 8:95 and insanity 10:67, 72, 74-84 in Soviet-occupied Vilna 9: 119 and procreation 10: 72-8, 80, 82-4 and young Jews 8:54

validity 10: 69-71 see also beggars, Jewish; starvation, Jewish;

Ponar, mass murders 9: 230 unemployment Popular National Union, see Zwiazek Ludowo-_ ‘Poznan:

Narodowy antisemitism in 9: 172, 177 269, 337 Host desecration, accusations of in

population, Jewish 1: 278; 11:62, 184—5, 187, Great Synagogue 2: 189

in eastern Europe 1: 50-1 10: 111-12

in Galicia, 1900-10 2: 440-2 Jewish provincial press 8: 187 and Khmelnytsky uprising 10: 149-50 marriage agein 10:26

in Lower Silesia 10: 348-9 peasant movement 8: 195 in Poland: in 18thc. 1:35, 41, 383; 5: 306, ritual murder accusations in 10: 129 406; 10: xxxi, 99, 382; in 1791 5: 367; in 13th-c. town plan 5:29 19thc. 2: 180; 1918-39 8:90; 1931 8: 66, university 2: 246-8, 251, 262 177-8; 1931-9 4:449; 1946 4: 243; post- Yiddish song about Jewish martyrdom in

war 9: 181-2; age distribution 10:31-3; 4:44, 46 anxiety at growth of 4:21; birth-rate PPR, see Polska Partia Robotnicza 10: 6-8, 10, 14-17; in census records PPS, see Polska Partia Socjalistyczna

28 Lewica

10: 12, 18-26, 159 n. 32; rural 10: 19-20, PPS-Lewica, see Polska Partia Socjalistyczna-

in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth PPSD, see Polska Partia Socjalno1: 28-9, 41; 10: 99-101, 103, 119-20, 159, Demokratyczna

406 Prabuty, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 47

in Radom, 1815-62 3: 214-37 Praga, book tradein 12: 208

138 General Index Prague: press, German 8: 178, 189, 192

gezerot against Jews in 10: 350-1 size 8: 184 n. 19, 187, 190 n. 312

Hebrew chronicle of c.1615 10:350—-1 press, Hebrew 1: 136-7; 2: 236 n. 5; 6: 114;

Jewish community 5:398 8: 179, 183-6, 189, 219, 251, 297; 9: 197;

see also Index of Persons: Maharal 11:55; 12: 18, 45, 181 Praszka, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 45 censorship of 11:44, 334

Prawda 8: 20; 9: 143; 12: 269 difficulties in finding publisher 11:45

prayers 11: 73-4 hasidic 11:44—5

for the dead 10: 50-4, 59-62, 64 in Krakéw, 1918-39 7: 137, 140-1

for the government 11:121 newspapers 11:37

and influence ofkabbalah 10: xxxiii, 63 response to January Uprising (1863)

singing during 11:63, 75, 114 5: 221-49

smoking as an aid to 11:26 in Warsaw under Tsarist government in synagogue wall paintings 10: 160-1, 170, 3: 149-50

174 of yeshivas 11: 18-19

by women 11:73, 75 press, Jewish 5: 361-2; 8: xx; 10: 392-5 women separated from men for 11:73, 75, in 1830s 1:86

117, 127, 154, 159, 210-11 1918-39 8: 176-93

see also death: and mourning rituals; tkhines areas of concern 8: 182, 193

preaching, Jewish 1: 362; 11: xix, 113, 131, bilingual 7: 136

135-7, 145, 15] Bundist 10: 248, 253, 257, 259-60, 262, 270

and immigrant rabbis in America inGerman 12:45

11: 193-215 in Hebrew, see press, Hebrew

and Progressive Judaism 11:131, 134-7, journalists 8: 192

139, 142 in Krak6w, 1918-39 7: 133-46

research on 11: 193, 213-14 neglect of 8: 176-7

sermons of Moshe Shimon Sivitz 11: 197-8, overseas 8:333, 355

208-15 in Polish 3: 150; 8: 183-9, 191, 192, 297; 9: 51;

151 , 139-45

themes 11: 113, 123, 137, 139, 145-6, 148, 10: 392-3; 12: 45; in Krak6w 7: 134, 136-7, in the vernacular 2: 190; 3: 133, 159; English and press control 8: 190-2 11: 199-200, 203; German 11: 131, 135-6, provincial 8: 185-8, 192

141; opposition to 11: 199-200, 203; readership 8: 177-81, 188-90, 193

Polish 11:114, 141, 144-7 in Russia 1: 153-4; 5: 230

PreSov, Jewish museum 12: 330 size 8: 183-5, 187, 297 | press, American, and the Holocaust 2: 386-8 and trade unions 8: 249-50 press, Catholic 1: 415-17; 8: 75, 136; 12: 347-9 in Ukraine 12:45

assessment of Talmud 8: 159-60 underground press 9:3, 150-3, 195

audience for 8: 178-81 in Yiddish, see press, Yiddish

discussion ofracism 8: 164-8 and youth movements 9: 201, 203-4, 217, and events of March 1968 11: 320-1 224-5 image of Jews in: 1918-39 8: 146—75; 1930-5: and Zionism 1: 136-9; see also press, Zionist

11:390 see also names of individual newspapers

11: 263-78 280

and the ‘Jewish Question’ 8: 129-45, 327; press, Polish 2: 222-3, 226; 3: 151; 10: 216, 264,

and persecution of the Jews 8: 359, 362, 1938-9 11:389

364-7 and antisemitism of 1956 9: 172-4, 176-7

and press control 8: 190-1 attitude to Jewish Question 1: 124

size 8: 183-4, 190 Jewish journalists in 6: 106

support of Zionism 8: 143-5; 11: 273 and municipal elections 1936 9: 94-5, 101 see also antisemitism and names of on Nazi anti-Jewish policies 5: 103-13

individual newspapers Polish Jewish daily 2:218—45

General Index 139 underground press 9: 140-1, 143, 146, 148 Progressive Judaism 8: 194; 11: 120, 328

see also names of individual newspapers in Krak6w 11:327-31

press, Russian: in £6dz 11: 156-62, 164, 167 and Jewish Question in 1860s 1: 102-8 in L’viv 11: 129-53, 333

Russian Jewish 8: 178, 189 see also Reform Judaism

press, Ukrainian 8: 192 Proletariat 9: 33-5, 38, 42 and press control 8: 190-1 proletariat, Jewish:

size 8: 184 n. 19, 187, 190 n. 31 in the Kingdom of Poland 9: 6-8, 10-12, 15, press, Yiddish 2: 220, 230, 233; 4: 120; 8: 178-9, 17-21, 24, 34-5, 41-3, 70 183-9, 251, 389; 9: 78-9; 11: 116; 12: 18, 45, 1918-39 8:69, 76, 238-54, 294

181 and the Bund 9: 59, 62-5, 68-70, 71-8

17th-18th cc. 4:43 cultural activity 8:250—4 and female readers 7:82 emancipation 9:3

in Galicia 12: 167-8 employment structure 8: 239-42, 296 in Kraké6w 7: 133, 136-7, 139-43 erowth 9:11

in L6dz 6: 104-18, 123-4 and labour-market changes 8: 243-8 shared newspapers 2:241n.55 and municipal elections 1936 9: 89-90

in Vienna 12:173-5 and nationism 9:24

in Vilna 9: 113-14, 123 organization 8: 248-50 | in Warsaw 2: 220, 226-8; 3: 149-50, 163; and Polish independence 9: 39-40

8: 185, 187-8; 9: 46-50 Russian 9:10

see also names of individual newspapers and socialist activism 9: xviii, 6-8, 10-11, 24,

press, Zionist 7: 137, 139-40, 142 95 see also names of individual newspapers solidarity 9: xvii, 16, 21, 23, 28-9, 89-90 Presse, Die 12: 108 see also artisans, Jewish; poverty, Jewish

printing: proletariat, Polish 8:5, 69, 76, 250

Hebrew 3: 67-8, 143-5 Proletariat organization 9:3, 6-7, 51

impact of on Ashkenazi élite 10: xxxiii, IT 1:115;9:8 85—98, 187, 191; on book motifs and III, see Polska Partia Socjalistyczna-

| synagogue art 10: 170-3; on decision- Proletariat

| making of posekim 10: 88-90, 94, 96-7 Proletariusz 9:33, 36, 44 n. 57

: privilege de non tolerandis Judaeis, see property:

antisemitism, in Poland confiscation of 8: xx, 200, 204; 9: 138-9, 149

privileges granted to Jews 1: 351-7, 358-9; reclamation 9: 161—4, 303

2: 475-6; 3: 49; 4: 26, 392 Prosto Z mostu 8:88

authenticity of doubted 2: 121, 123-4, 131 Protestantism, and conversion of Jews

charter of 1264 2: 117-18, 121-3, 129; 3: 50; 11: 348-50

4: 394, 396; 5: 25; 10: 101 ‘Protocols of the Elders of Zion’ 8: 138; 9:55

charter of 1364 2: 122 reception in Poland 11: 171, 174-82

Extended Privilege 2: 117-21, 125-33, 135 Provisional Jewish National Council, see

Polish historiography concerning 2: 117-48 Tymczasowa Zydowska Rada Narodowa

see also autonomy, Jewish; trade Prussia: privileges of royal towns 3: 79-80 Jewsin 11: xix, 131, 348-50 Pro Christo 11: 265-7, 270-2, 274-7 southern: and emancipation 10: 323, 354;

: and antisemitism 8: xix—xx and restriction on Jewish marriage 10: 17 and image of the Jew 8: 147, 151-2, 153, see also integration, Jewish 155-6, 160-1, 163, 164, 166, 168, 171-2,174 Prussian partition, and the Jewish problem

| Probuzna, yeshiva 11:10 9:15

professions: Przedborz, synagogue 10: 158 n. 29, 159 n. 35

Jews in 8: 136, 296-7; 9:97, 159 Przedswit 5: 250-72; 9: 17-18, 25 | restrictions on Jews in 8: 127, 142-3, 204 Przeglad Akademicki 7: 140

: service, Jews in 8:87 Przeglad Codzienny 2: 221, 223; 9:51

140 General Index Przeglqad Katolicki 8: 129-45 Q and image of the Jew 8: 146-7, 159, 162, 165,

169-74 Quebec, antisemitism in 11:341

and the Jewish Question 8: 130-5 quietism, and hasidism 9: 274-6

and Jewish settlement in Poland 8: 135-7 quotas, Jewish, see numerus clausus and ‘Judaeo-Communism’ 8: 137-40

and roots of Christian—Jewish conflict R 8: 133-5 solutions to Jewish Question 8: 140-5 rabbinate: Przeglad Kupiecki 7: 136, 141, 144 decline in moral standards 10:11

Przeglad Lekarski 5: 446-8 impact of printing on 10: 87-96

Przeglqd Powszechny 8: 131; 9: 235; 11: 268-71, knowledge of foreign languages among

273, 275, 277; 12: 347-9 10: 207-8

166-9, 171-5 66-84

and image of the Jew 8: 147, 153, 162-3, and medieval ban on polygamy 10: xxxiii,

Przeglad Socjaldemokratyczny 9:30 and science 10: 210-11

Przeglad Socjalistyczny 5: 260 rabbis: Przeglad Spoteczny 12:45 appointment of 11: 130, 135, 138-9

Przeglad Z ydowski 7: 141 chief, in USA 11: 195

Przemysl: cityrabbis 11: 129, 148

| 18th-c. town plan 5:35 excommunication, powers of 11: 131-21 Jewish community, 1918-39 11:386 head rabbis 11: 129 Jews and Christians in, 1559-1772 honoured by state 11: 140

11: 386 and immigration to the USA 11: 192-215 134-5, 367 in Polish Sejm 11: 130, 132 n. 22

ritual murder accusationsin 10: 118-19, as military chaplains 11: 145, 148

synagogue 2: ill. 20 following p. 180; 1988 professionalization of, as consequence of

use of 5: 44-6 Haskalah 11:131

Przewodnik Katolicki 8: 147, 159, 162, 166, 171, Progressive rabbis 11: 131-2, 135-41

173; 11: 266-8, 273-7 rabbinical courts 11: 129

Przyr6éw synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 44 responsibilities of, in Progressive

Przysucha 5:9 synagogues 11: 136 synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 47, ill. 12 robes for 11: 131, 136

following p. 52 salaries 11:204, 206-7

52 331

Przysucha—Kotsk tradition of hasidism see also hasidic rebbes; preaching, Jewish;

11: 33-4, 38—40, 43-5 rashei yeshiva

significance of thirteen years 11: 39-40, race, and difference 8: xix, 149, 153-4, 164—75,

Przysztos€ 12:94, 167 Raciaz, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 Przytyk, incidents of 1936 5: 327-59; 7: 148; racism: 8: 211; 9: 61-2; 10: 261; 11: 186, 347; and antisemitism 8: 165, 167, 199, 201, 204;

, 12: 281-2 9: 271

PSChD, see Polskie Stronnictwo Nazi 8: 255 Chrzescijariskiej Demokracji Rada Naczelna Miodziezy Wszechpolskiej PSL, see Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe (Executive Council of All-Polish Youth)

publishing, Jewish 12:7, 198-211 12: 280

see also press, Jewish Rada Narodowa (National Council) 8: 248,

Pulawy group, and antisemitism of 1956 332-4, 340, 352-4, 357, 362, 367, 379

9: 170-1, 181 Rada Pomocy Zydom (Zegota; Council for Aid

Purim plays and balls 7: 103-5 for the Jews) 2: 342, 345, 352, 354, 374, Pyzdry, synagogue, 1988 use of 382; 3: 264, 428; 3: 264; 4: 243, 248-50;

9: 46 3: 390, 460; 9: 147

, General Index 14] Rada Ruska (Ruthenian Council) 12:111-14, Reflektor, Der 7:143

117 Reform Judaism 11:38, 130, 200-1, 209-12,

Radical Camp of Sarmatians, see Radykalny 214

Ob6z Sarmatéw , and founding of synagogues 11: 131

Radical Movement for Restoration, see and Haskalah 11: 131-2

Radykalny Ruch Odnowienia and intelligentsia 11: 330 Radical-Democratic Electoral Committee in Krak6w 11:328, 330, 332

9: 100 in USA 11: 200-1, 209-12, 214

Radio Free Europe 11:321 in Warsaw 11: 112-13, 117-18, 123 Radtow, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 45 refugees, Jewish 11: 146, 152, 185, 187-91, 274,

Radom, kehilah elections of 1936 8:214 297-8

Radom province 11: 33-5, 362-4 and the Bund 9: 76-7 . adomsko, Jews Dopuation, an ii. 3: 214-37 confiscation of9: property y 7ad and Palestine 198 9: 149 Radoszyce, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46, 48 and Soviet-occupied Vilna 9: 109, 122,

of ;use 9: 149

Radykalny Ob6z Sarmatéw (ROS; Radical 125-30, 198

Camp of Sarmatians) 4: 172 in Warsaw 9:214, 219

5:

Rady any Ruch fon Rectan eo registration of Jews in the Polish

cas Commonwealth 10:18

Racy see ne ag 2: ill. 21 following p. 180 Reichskristallnacht 3: 8; 5: 428; 8: 255, 272;

adZanow, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 45, 47 Polish views of 5: 108

nah . dim of 11:62.65 relation to the Ostjudenfrage 5: 74-102

rebbe see In dex 5 f Persons: Guterman. Aaron Reichspogromnacht, see Reichskristallnacht

Men ahem Mendel Rekodziet i Przemystu 7: 136, 144

Tomkhei Asirim (Prisoners’ Aid Committee) relationships between Poles and Jews, see

11:63 Polish-Jewish relations

eshiva 11:63 Relief Centre for Orphans and Abandoned

Radzyt Children, see Centralne Towarzystwo

: yeshiva 11: 9-10 : and Gershon Henoch Leiner 11: 41-8, 52 weligion nad Sierotami

3 Radzyner rebbe, see Index of Persons: Leiner, and Catholic Church 8: 147-8

: Gershon Henoch conflicts between generations 8: 55-7

| Rakéw 5:211 freedom of 8:15, 21, 36, 74, 125-6

, synagogue 2: 186 religious intensity: as characteristic of Jewish | Rapperswil Library Collection 5: 194 life im Poland 11: xvi; hasidism as | rashei yeshiva 11:5-8, 12, 15-17, 20, 194, 199 manifestation of 11: xvii-xviii

: Ravensbriick 1:213 religious practices, see amulets; tobacco Rawa province, ritual murder accusationsin Representation of Polish Jewry, see

| 10: 102, 104,109, 111,122 Reprezentacja Zydostwa Polskiego Realists 9:51 Reprezentacja Zydostwa Polskiego (RZP;

rebellions, see uprisings Representation of Polish Jewry) 2: 271,

Red Army: 273, 278; 8:341, 368 n. 23

: Jewish attitudes to 9:57, 138-9, 149-50,299 Republika 6:116n.3; 8: 188

and Soviet control of Kielce 9: 161-3 rescue of Jews, see under Holocaust and Soviet control of Vilna 9: 107-9, 110-12, resettlement of Polish Jews from Germany

, 119-20, 124-5, 132 1:317 Red Cross, see Zjednoczony Komitet residence: Czerwonego Krzyza Polish—Soviet treaty and recognition of .3 Gershon redemption: habitual 8: 116-17 Henoch Leiner on 11:32, 49 restrictions on Polish Jewish 8: 199, 264 and Jews as redeeming nation 11: 85-7, 90 resistance, see Second World War

142 General Index responsa as historical source 5: 394-6 Robotniczy Komitet Pomocy Uchodzcom z

Revisionism, Jewish 8: 10, 64, 216 Niemiec (Workers’ Committee for Aid to Revisionist Zionists 2:86; 7: 142; 11: 188 Refugees from Germany) 9: 76-7 revolution, Russian, Jewish involvement Robotnik 9:17, 28-9; 12: 258

suspected 8: 138-9, 168-9 Rola 4: 89-96, 119; 12: 251 revolution of 1905-7 6: 97-8, 108 Roman Catholic Church, see Catholic Church

and antisemitism 9:23 n. 20 Romania: and the Bund 9: 12, 37 and Jewish autonomy 8: 24, 29 and PPS Proletariat 9:32 Jewish community 1: 379-82 Riga Treaty 8: 116-18, 120 shtetllife 5: 477-9

righteous Christians, report on conference to violation of Jewish rights 2:9, 100-1

honour 4: 296-310 yeshivasin 11:11

rights, civil, of Jews in Poland 8: xviii, 36, see also National Minorities Treaty

199-202, 326, 390-1 Romaniote Jews 10: 67-8, 72 1918-39 8: 115-27 Rossiiskaya Sotsial-Demokraticheskaia i

and the Bund 9: xx, 18-10, 69-70, 80 Rabochaia Partia (RSDRP; Russian Social

civil status of Jews 3:33 Democratic and Workers’ Party) 9:32, 37, and Duma elections of 1912 9: 52-3 44 educational 8: xix, 6, 17 Rosprza, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46 individual 8: 21-2, 34, 37, 39, 121, 123-5 Royal Prussia, Jewish community before 1772

linguistic 8: 14-15, 16, 19, 21, 23-34, 38-9 7: 3-11 and £6dz municipal elections 9:63 Rozw6j 7: 148-9 in Minorities Treaty 8: 14-15, 16, 19, 21, Ruch katolicki 8: 131; 11: 276

23-34, 38-9 and image of the Jew 8: 147, 150, 158, 166

and nationality 9:23, 27 Ruch Mtodych-Ob6z Wielkiej Polski (RM-

political 8:35, 195, 199, 332-4, 355-6 OWP; Youth Movement of the Camp of

restrictions on 3: 304; 8: 199 Greater Poland) 2: 253; 4: 170; 12: 278 Ringelblum archives 3: 460; 4: 450; 5: 451; n. 20

9: 297-8 Ruch Narodowo-Panstwowy 8: 204

rishonim 10:91 Ruf, Der 7: 140

ritual murder 10: 99-140 rural communities, see shtetl communities accusations of 4: 25, 28; 8: 161; 9: 164-5, 168, Rus’ Czerwona 12:4, 9, 11 171 n. 7, 191, 266, 272, 303; 10:6,367;and Rus’ province, ritual murder accusations in

Council of Four Lands 10: 102-3, 121, 10: 125, 129 133; and courts 10: 101-2, 110-11, Russia: 113-19, 122-40; in Damascus 12: 343-4; and the Bund 9:33, 38, 43, 59 n.3 historiography of 10: 103—4; in Lithuania civil war 9:57 10: 139; papal opposition to: Benedict XI and Congress Kingdom 11:6, 33-5, 43-4, 10: 102, Benedict XIV 10: 133—4, Clement 334-6, 418, 420

XIV 10:216, InnocentIV 10: 101 and conscription ofJews 11:35, 43

inart 4:25; 7:321 Duma elections of 1912 9: 45-54

and Beilis case 9: 47-8, 52 and early Jewish settlement in Poland

Polish opposition to beliefin 2: 206 10: 287-9, 291-3, 313-14 trials in Poland: 1500-1650 10: 104-19; and First World War 11: 121, 146 1650-1750 10: 119-31; 1750-1800 and Jewish communists 11: 241-5

10: 131-9, 216; 1862 5: 206 and Jewish emancipation 10: 323,375 see also antisemitism; blood libel; Host and Jewish socialists 9:3, 12 desecration and under individual towns Jewish support for revolutionary populism

ritual slaughter, Jewish, see shehitah 12: 345-7 Robotniczo-Chiopska Organizacja Bojowa and Jewish trade 10: 202 (Workers’ and Peasants’ Fighting Squad) Jews in 8: 4, 64, 135, 177, 350-4

9: 153 and Jews of Szkiow (Shklov) 10:367-8

General Index 143 peace treaty with 8: 116-18, 120 Rzeszow: and Polish army 8: 335-8, 358, 372-6 Jewish marriages in 10:27 and Polish western territories 8: 396-8 synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 44-5 Relief Apparatus 8: 335, 350-2 RZP, see Reprezentacja Zydostwa Polskiego

11:121 S

and Second World War 11: 151-2, 186-7,305 Rzut 7:143 and synagogue prayers for government and Ukraine 8: 410-13

see also revolution of 1905-7; social Sabas, etymology of 1: 7-8

democracy Sabbateanism 11:46

Russian Empire: Sabbath observance 8: 36, 161, 229, 319~20 anti-Jewish policy 1:117 with Bobower hasidim in New York antisemitism 1:119 11: 69-71 confinement of Jews in Pale of Settlement and kabbalism 11: 17-18

5:24, 114, 126, 176, 223 and organ, use of 11: 142-3

emigration from (1892) 1:117 Polish regulations 2: 102

expulsion of Jews outside Pale 5: 254 in shtetlcommunities 8:96, 102, 108-9

imperial census (1897) 12: 224 snuff, used by hasidim on 11:28 Jewish community, 1825-55 1:367-9 Sachsenhausen 1:218

Jews in 8:17, 70 safe-conducts for Jewish merchants in policies towards Jews, 19th-c. 2: 425-30 medieval period 7: 3-7

and Warsaw 8:388—92 see also economy, Polish see also censorship: Russian; modernization: Safrus 2:220

of Jewish religious practice; Pale of Saloniki, see Thessaloniki

Settlement Salzburg, Jews in, c.800 1:4 Russian partition, Socialism 9:10, 15, 17, 22 Sanacja 2: 280, 282 n. 1, 285, 311-13; 7: 149,

Russian revolution and the Jews 9: xx, 55-7 153-5, 261; 10: 408-10 Russification 1: 133, 137; 3:29, 163; 6: 89; and antisemitism 8: 120, 199, 202-3, 204—5;

9: 16-17, 36 9: 28, 61, 177

: anti-Polish aspect 1: 97-9 and artisans 8: 236

| and antisemitism 8:70 disintegration 9:86 under Catherine II 1: 97 and government-in-exile 11:419 ! clergyand 1:98 and kehilah system 8: 208, 209

effect on Jews 1:97-110 and municipal elections of 1936 9:89, 93-6,

and the maskilim 5: 249 n. 137 102, 104-6

and the socialist movement 5: 254, 258 and Sejm elections of 1935 9:84 and traditional Jewish practices 5: 240 and Stronnictwo Ludowe 9:65 see also under acculturation of Jews; Belarus; see also Bezpartyjny Blok Wspdlpracy z

Galicia; Lithuania; uprisings, Polish: Rzadem

January Uprising Sandomierz:

Russko-Narodnaya Party 12:95 14th-c. town plan 5:31 Russo-Japanese War 11:63 and Polish-Swedish war 10: 121 Ruthenia, and ritual murder trials 10: 110 ritual murder accusations in 10: 109-10,

| Ruthenian Triad 12:31 113, 119, 121; 10: 8, 131, 134 Ruthenian—Ukrainian Radicals 12: 141 synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 Rutki-Kossaki, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46 ‘Sanhedrin’ (1807) 2: 157

: Rybotycze, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 47 Sanok, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 Rycerz Niepokalanej 8: 147, 149, 152, 155, Sants, see Nowy Sacz

| 157-8, 161, 164, 170; 11: 268 Sanzer hasidim 11: 41, 67, 69, 71, 75-6

| Ryki, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46 Sanzer rebbe, see Index of Persons: Halberstam, . Rymanow, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46, 48, ill. Hayim ben Arie Leibush

| 13 following p. 52 Schewes Achim 12:110

144 General Index Schomer Israel 12: 16-17, 90, 105-7, 109-12, see also Auschwitz; concentration camps;

117-18 death marches; ghettos; Holocaust;

Schomrei Hadas 12: 110 labour camps; Nazism

schools, see education secularism:

SDKPIiL, see Socialdemokracja Krdélestwa and Great Synagogue of Warsaw 11: 113

Polskiego i Litwy hasidic response to 11: 34-5, 55

Secessionists 9: 32-4 secularization 8: 54—5, 63, 212-13 Second International Congress (1891) 1: 114; Sefer mayse adonai 10:57

9: 19, 37-8, 44 Sefer mordekhai 10: 69, 92, 300, 312

Second Proletariat 5: 250 Sefer nahalas tsevi 10:57

Second World War: Sejm:

400 of 1775 1:37

destruction of Polish élite 2: 373-4, of 1744 1:37

and destruction of synagogues 10: 141 abolition of Jewish self-government (1764), evacuation of Jews from USSR, 1942-3 see autonomy, Jewish 2: 277, 279, 281, 285, 292, 294, 304 and the Bund 10: 261 General Government, see separate entry Commission on Pirisk executions, 1919

government-in-exile, see separate entry 1: 228-33, 247

Gypsies, see separate entry Constituent (1919), strategies of Jewish and Jews in eastern Poland 10: 351-3 members 4: 427 Jews banned from public transport 9: 138, elections: 1922 9:82; 1928 9:89; 1930 9:63

149, 221 n. 21, 79; 1935 9:78, 84

memoirs of, see Index of Persons: Four Year (1788-91) 1: 42-3, 90; 2: 153-4;

Aleksandrowicz, Julian 3: 84-99; 11: 176; debate on Jewish

Nazis and collective responsibility in Poland residence in Warsaw 3: 49-57; and

4: 309, 356 marriage 10:8, 15-16, 18-19; and

partisans, Jewish, see partisans, in Second Polish—-Jewish relations 10: 200, 206, 217,

World War: Jewish 408; reform bills 10: 366, 382

and Polish influence on British policy and Jewish emancipation 10: 323-4, 331

11:183-91 , Jewish members 9:70 11: 130, 132 n. 22,

Polish lossesin 2: 379-80; 4: 449, 472 134, 147 n. 49, 235, 271, 333, 386 and Polish-Jewish relations 11: 183-5, 250, Jewish Parliamentary Club (Kolo Zydowskie)

252-4, 362-5, 375-7 1: 227; 2:77; 11: 235

and rescue of Jews 11: 299-300 and marriage 10: 7-8, 15-18 resistance: civilian 9: 143-5, 153-7, 205-9, and the numerus clausus 2: 250-2, 255-7

297-9; passive 9: 145, 297; in Poland, and Pinsk massacre 2:54-6 1942-4 2: 460-2; through education rebbe of Radzymin consulted by members of

9: 212-31 11:63 |

A. Rudnickion 11: 247-62 and ritual murder accusations 10: 102, 111, Soviet deportations from eastern Poland 121, 124, 127, 137, 140

4: 219-21 ‘Sejmocracy’ 8: 190, 208

Soviet occupation of L’viv, see partisans, in Sejny, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45

Second World War self-awareness, of young Jews, see

Soviet occupation of Vilna 9: 107-37 autobiographies of young Jews terror: against Jews 9: 138-9, 149; against self-government, see kehilah

Poles 9: 138 self-hatred, Jewish 2: 453-6

underground, communist 4: 356 separatism, Jewish 8: 71-6, 113, 194-5, 198, underground, Jewish 2: 459; 3: 8, 15; 9: 139, 202, 326; 9: 12, 18, 24, 26, 30

143-6, 148-57, 208-9, 297-8 and Catholic press 8: 147,151 underground, Polish 2: 341, 351, 356, 401, sermons, see preaching, Jewish 467; 3: 11, 264; 4: 356, 361, 454; 9: 138-47, Sephardi Judaism:

148-57, 163 n. 22, 169; 11: 108 and artforms 10: 177 n.79

General Index , 145 and ban on polygamy 10: 66-8, 72, 83 n. 81 popularity 10: 192

Bible manuscripts 9: 273-4 Rubinstein edition 10: 198-9 impact of printing on 10:93 Zotkiew edition 10: 188-9, 191

and magic 10:387 Shlome Emuney Israel 7: 139

and Maimonides 10:91 Sholem Aleykhem (Aleichem) libraries 8: 251-2

and sexuality 9: 259-62 Shomer Yisrael, see Schomer Israel see also Shulhan arukh Shomrei Hadas, see Schomrei Hadas

Serock, Jewish community 2: 181 Shomrei Shabat Kodesh Vehadat 11:62 servants, gentile 8: 101-2, 107, 113, 170, 172, Shperber 9: 117, 130n. 100

174-5 shtadlan, use of, see under language, Polish

Serwis Literacki 6: 260 shterntikhl 1:59

settlements in Slavic lands, pre-Ashkenazi shtetlcommunities 8: 12, 89-114, 178, 294,

1: 3-18 | 317-20, 392, 411; 11: 83, 346, 354-5, 358

sexuality: artisans 8: 103, 213, 412 hasidic view of 1:61 culture, attitudes 1: 409-11; 4: 439; interand image of Jews 9: 256-64, 267-70 war 10:391-6

and rabbinate 9: 256, 258-63, 267-9 economic structure 8:94, 97 in traditional Jewish culture 1:56 education in 8:93, 99, 100

and young Jews 8: 61-2 funerals 8: 106 Zionist attitude to 1:63 inns 8:99, 107, 182

Shaare Torah Congregation, Pittsburgh interaction and coexistence 8: 96-112

11: 196, 201 Jewish farmers 8:95

Shaarei dura 10: 86-8, 94-5 | markets 8:92,94,-5,97,101,112 shadkhan, see marriage, Jewish: role of memoirs of 8: 90-112

matchmaker neglect in recent writing 8: 90-1

‘Shalom’ Foundation for the Promotion of neighbours 8: 104-6 Polish Jewish Culture, see Fundacja participation in political life 8: 103 ‘Shalom’ do Promocji Kultury Polsko- portrait ofa Romanian 5: 477-9

Zydowskiej and poverty 10: 150-2, 392

Shaw Commission 11: 63-4 and provincial press 8: 185-8

shehitah 6:40; 9:61, 71, 81 rabbis 8: 110, 301-6

: 331commentaries secularization of 11:346 on 10: 303-5 structure and organization 8:91-6

. ban proposed 8: 74, 110, 125-6, 210-12, 219, religious observance in 8:82, 93-4, 107-9 ,

. as a political issue 7: 147-60 weddings 8: 106

| Shitah mekubetset 10: 301-2, 304 shtiblakh 11:9, 12-14, 16-17, 219 , Shivhei habesht 10: xxxiv, 183-99; 12: 299-302 see also beit midrash

authorship 10: 185-8 Shulhan arukh 10:52; 12:7 , B. Mintz edition 10: 194-5 and ban on polygamy 10:71, 73, 83-4 Ben-Amos and J. Mintz edition 10: 195-6 and impact of printing 10:86, 93, 96-8 Berdyczo6w edition 10: 191-2, 194-5 Shum (communities of Speyer, Worms, and

Carlebach edition 10: 198 Mainz) 10: 76, 78, 82, 84

editions 10: 188-9 Shvuon 7: 137

Habad manuscript 10: 190-1 Siedlce: }

| as hagiography 10: 185-6, 190, 198-9 pogrom 11:145

: Hebrew edition 10: 188—91, 194, 196 synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46 and historiography 10: 183-5, 198-9 Siemiatycze, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 Horodetzky edition 10: 194-6, 198 Sieradz, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46 Kopys edition 10: 187-8, 189-92, 198-9 Sierak6w, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45

Mondshine edition 10: 196-7 Sierp i Miot (Hammer and Sickle) 9: 153

? Nowy Dwor edition 10: 188-9, 191 Silesia:

! Ostr6g-Korzec edition 10: 188-92, 198-9 | Jewish emigration to 10: 120, 203

146 General Index Silesia (contd): Socialdemokracja Krélestwa Polskiego i Litwy Jewish population 9: 235 ~ (SDKPiL; Social Democracy of the Lower, Jewish community after Second Congress Kingdom and Lithuania)

World War 10: 347-9 Socialism 12:93 Polish Jews in 5: 364-5 in Austria 12:261-2

restriction on Jewish marriage in 10:17 and nationalism 12: 138-46

Skamander poets 8: 84 Polish and Jewish goals, 1893-1905 Skarzysko-Kamienna labour camp 11: 362-5 12: 257-70 Skierniewice, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:46 Socialism, Jewish 8: xx, xxi, 384—7

Skif (Sotsialistisher Kinder Farband) 9:78 and Judaism 11: xx, 94-111 Skoczo6w, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 47 and kehilah elections of 1936 8: 209

SL, see Stronnictwo Ludowe and Pioneer movement 8:7 slaughter, kosher, see shehitah rejection of Judaism 8: 194

Slovakia: in shtet!_communities 8:93

Jewish cemeteries in 12:331-5 and young Jews 8: 42, 57, 59, 327

Jewsin 12:331 see also Bund; Po’alei Tsion; Po’alei Tsion

Judaicain 12:330-5 Left; Po’alei Tsion Right

synagoguesin 12:333-4 Socialism, Polish 1: 139 Stowo Ludu 12: 289, 291 and acculturation 9:7, 10

Stowo mlodych 9: 219-21, 224 n. 38 and antisemitism 9: xviii—xx, 17-18, 20-1,

Stowo Pomorskie 5: 105-6, 108-9 28, 67-9, 70

Stupca, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 attractions of, for Jews 9: xviii-xix

Stupsk, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 47 | Austrian 9:15

SM, see Stalowy Miecz and Duma elections of 1912 9: 45-53 smoking and hasidism, see tobacco and snuff European 9:60

SN, see Stronnictwo Narodowe as a Jewish conspiracy 4: 191-2 snuff and hasidism, see tobacco and snuff and the Jewish Question 1: 111-29; 9: xvii,

Sobib6ér 5: 448 xIx—xx, 7-11, 14-31, 32-44, 58, 66-7; in the

Sochaczew: 1890s 5: 250-72 hasidim 11:39, 41 Jewish socialists in Kingdom of Poland ritual murder accusationsin 10: 111-12 9: 3-13

yeshiva 11: 7-8, 18 origins 1: 113-14 Social Committee for Aid to the Jewish People, and Pitsudski 9: xvii, xx, 3,9

see Rada Pomocy Zydom and Polish nationalism 9: 16, 67

social democracy: and religious belief 9:8

Austrian 9: 18-24, 40, 43 and repression of Jews 9: 140 and Duma elections of 1912 9: 45-6 and role of Jews 9: xvii—xviii, 3-4, 12

in Germany 9: 8, 64 n. 23 Russian 9:15

Jewish 9: 15-16 see also Polska Partia Socjalistyczna; Polscy

Polish 9: 14-16, 26, 45-6 Socjalisci

in Russia 9:3, 10, 12, 19, 32, 44 Socialist Electoral Alliance 9:52 n. 10,53

in Vilna 9:10 Socialist International 9:28 Social Democracy of the Congress Kingdom andthe Bund 10: 262

and Lithuania, see Socjaldemokracja and Jews 9:56

Krolestwa Polskiego i Litwy Second 9: 59-61 Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland socialist movement, see under L6dzZ

(SDKP) 1:115, 122, 127 Socialist Party, Germany 9:60 n. 6 Social Democratic Party 2: 440 Socialist Revolutionary Party in Russia Social Democratic Party of Germany, see 5: 136-7 Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands see also First Proletariat; Second Proletariat Social Democratic Party of Russia 9:12, 19 Socialist Workers’ Party, see Partia

‘Social Economic Bloc’ 8: 221 Niezaleznych Socjalist6w

| General Index 147 Socialist Zionists 9: 153-4, 196 n. 1 repatriation from 9: 181; 10: 347-8, 352 Socialists, and Jewish emigration 9:58 — Sovietization: Society for the Propagation of Fine Arts, see outcome for Jews in eastern Poland

Towarzystwo dla Krzewienia Sztuk 4: 217-21 |

Pieknych see also eastern Poland

Society for the Protection of Health, see Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands

Towarzystwo Ochrony Zdrowia (SPD; Social Democratic Party of Socjaldemokracja Krélestwa Polskiego i Litwy Germany) (SDKPiL; Social Democracy of the Sozialistischer Jugenbund 9: 100 Congress Kingdom of Poland and sparks, holy 11:27, 48 Lithuania) 6: 96-9, 101; 8: 194; 12: 265 Spartacus League 9:8

54 Deutschlands

and Duma elections of 1912 9:45, 49,51-2, | SPD, seeSozialdemokratische Partei

Jewish involvement 9: xx, 8, 12 spirituality, Jewish 11: xvii and Jewish nationality 9:37, 40, 43-4 assimilated Jews, attitudes of towards

and the Jewish problem 9: 14, 19 11: 112-20, 122-6

Third Congress 9:37 and Enlightenment 11: xix, 31-2, 51-2 Sodalis Marianus, and image of the Jew 8: 147, pre-Second World War 11: xvii, xx-xxi

151, 156; 11: 264—5, 269, 277 see also under hasidism Sokélka, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 sport, and Jewish separatism 8:73 Sokol6w Malopolski, synagogue, 1988 use of Sprawa robotnicza 9: 8-9

5:45 ‘Springtime of Nations’ revolts 11:35

Sokotéw Podlaski: Stalowy Miecz (SM; Sword of Steel) 4: 172 and antisemitism of 1956 9: 179 Stanisiaviv province, Jews in 5: 426-7

synagogue, 1988 use of 5:46 Stanistaw6w, Ivano-Frankovsk:

yeshiva 11:8, 13 medieval town plan 5:36

Solidarnosé 4: 264-5, 371, 384; 11: 326 synagogue 2: ill. 18 following p. 180

and school curricula 4: 403-4 yeshiva 11:10

Sompolno, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 ‘Stanislawowski novel’ 4: 131 songs, Yiddish, see majufes; Yiddish songs, Stare Szkoty, Jewish community 7:8 depiction of Jewish martyrdom in Starogard Gdaniski, synagogue, 1988 use of

Sotsyaldemokrat, Der 7: 137, 142; 12: 169 5: 46 | South Africa: starvation, Jewish:

antisemitism in 11:340-5 in ghettos 9:139, 154, 215, 220, 229

Jewish community 11:340-5 in Vilna 9: 108-9, 119, 121, 126, 133

: Soviet Union: Stary Dzikéw, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 47 151-7, 203 Stefan Batory Foundation 9: 232

, attitude of Jews towards 9: 139, 145, 149, Stawiski, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46

i attitude of Poles towards 9: 139, 149-50, stereotypes, national 4:3-5, 10-11

162-4 German, ofthe Jews 4:305

| archives 10: xxxiv, 142, 144 n. 5, 250-7 Jewish, of the Poles 4: 11-12; demonic

: and control of Kielce 9: 161-3, 166-7 character 4: 37-8; lazy 4:38; tolerant , and control of Vilna 9: 107-37, 151-2, 198 4: 28 : emigration to 9: 127-30, 137, 151-2, 198; of Jewish men and women 7:72

10: 352-3 ‘Litvak’ 12: 252, 254, 273 ,

and emigration of Jews of Palestine 9: 166 of peasant women 5: 292-5 evacuation of Jews from, see under Second of Poles in fiction 5: 295-8

World War Polish, of Jews 2: 166-7, 199, 201, 211-13,

and Jewish surnames 9: 289 453-6; 4: 11-12, 18-30, 114, 477; 6: 207-22; labour camps 9: 161, 163 8: 12, 90, 113; 9: 255—70; 10: 382, 407-8; and Nazi-Soviet pact 9: 108, 151, 204, 225 10: 382, 407-8; astute 4:92; avaricious

. and post-war antisemitism 9: 170-1 4:92; blasphemers 4:19;born blind 4: 19;

148 General Index stereotypes, national (contd): Stronnictwo Narodowe (SN; National Party)

Polish, of Jews (contd): 5: 103, 328; 8: 190, 200; 9: 96-8, 101-3, 105,

in Catholic press 8: 146-75; comical 146 ,

villains 4: 70-3, 101, 111-13;communists Stronnictwo Niezawislych Zydow (Party of

4: 245, 258; counterfeiters 4:21; cowards Independent Jews) 12:94 4:20; cunning 4:92, 112; dangerous Stronnictwo Pracy (Labour Party) 9: 140 economicrivals 4:21;desecratorsofthe The Struggles for Poland 4: 370-89 Host 4: 25, 28; evaders of militaryservice Strzegom, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 48 4: 22; ‘Icek’ compared to Little Black Strzyz6w, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 Sambo 4: 114-19; killers of Christ 4:24-6, students, Jewish organizations of 8:72 178; parasites 4:20; positive views of 4: Studium Polski Podziemnej (Polish 25-7; servants of the devil 4:18; smell 4: Underground Study Trust) 4:361, 367

19; have speech mannerisms 4: 19; suffrage, restrictions on 9:85 swindlers 4:20; taxevaders 4:22 suicide, in Yiddish literature 8: 415-17

of Polish noblemen _ 5: 289-92 sumptuary laws 1:22, 26n. 24 of Polish peasantry 12: 30-1 Sunday rest day and Sabbath 1: 164

of strangers 4: 7-8 Sunday rest law 4: 160, 427

of traders 4:20-1;stubborn 4:95;unmanly Supreme Ruthenian Council in revolution of

4: 112-13; usurers 4:22; vengeful 4: 108; 1848 12:31 wise 4: 112 surnames:

of Ukrainian peasantry 12:54 assignment of 3: 106, 217-20

Stolica 12: 288 as barrier to integration 3: 219-20

Stolin, yeshiva 11:15 forced adoption of 12:66, 71 Stowarzyszenie Fabrykant6w Przemysiu Jewish 9: 289-95 Widkienniczego (Association of Textile Russian and Jewish 9: 291-4

Industry Manufacturers) 9:99 Susz, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 45 Stowarzyszenie Kupcéw m. Lodzi (Association Sweden:

of L6dz Merchants) 9:99 Jewish community, 1774-1940s 4: 271-2 Stowarzyszenie Przyjacidt ZSRR (Society of Polish Jews in, after 1968 4: 269-80

Friendship for the USSR) 9: 153 Swiadkowie 4:377, 381 Stowarzyszenie Robotnik6w Chrzescijanskich Sword of Steel, see Stalowy Miecz. (SRCh, Association of Christian Workers) Sygnaty 7: 271

9: 91-2 Syjonistyczna Partia Pracy ‘Hitachdut’ (Zionist

Stowarzyszenie Zjednoczenie Zawodowe Labour Party ‘Hitachdut’), see Hitachdut Trade Association) 9: 91-2, Syjonistyczno-Socjalistyczna Partia | 95(Christian Robotnicza (Zionist Socialist Worker's

stratification, social 8: 45—6, 68-71, 95 Party) 6:99

strikes 9:49, 61-3, 71, 84, 89 synagogue councils 1: 133-4 by Jewish students (1937) 7: 261 synagogues, in Poland: labour disputes and 8: 249-50 architecture 2: 181, 183-98; 11: 141-4, against Przytyk pogrom, 1936 8:211-12 155-67, 211, 388; 12: 14; 19th-c., of Stronnictwo Demokratyczne (SD; Democratic masonry construction 2: 179-98; styles of

Party) 2: 186-7, 189, 191-2; 3: 30; wooden

and Jewish rights, 1937-9 7: 260-7 2: 417-18

Stronnictwo Faszyst6w Polskich (SFP; Party of Christians attending 11: 69-70, 121, 137,

Polish Fascists) 4: 172 139-40, 148-9

Stronnictwo Ludowe (SL; Peasant Party) construction of, as indicator of economic

8: 195, 201—2, 332; 9: 65, 70 stability 10: 151, 159; permission to build | and antisemitism 8: 195, 197 10: 132, 136 n. 211, 365; restrictions on Stronnictwo Monarchist6w Narodowych 10: 159-60 (SNM; Party of National Monarchists) dress code 11: 69-70, 115, 128

4: 173 function of 11: 118—20, 139-40

General Index 149 funding for 11: 134—5, 156-7 10: 144-58; historical development of as heart of hasidic neighbourhood 11:69 10: 148-58, 161-6, 179-81; interior

iconographyin 10: 174-9 10: 156-8, 167; interior-domed 10:

influences on structure and design of: 141-61, 163-6, 178-81; prayer hall Baroque 10: 148-9, 154, 157-8, 175-6; 10: 146, 168-9, 173; regional traditions, kabbalah 10: xxxiii, 149, 168-9; reflection of 10: 144, 153, 157-8, 169; roof Neoclassicism 10:385; Rococo 10: 175; trusses 10: 147 n. 10, 155, 167 n. 52;

Roman Catholic Church 10: 154-5, sources of information on 10: 144; 157-8; Russian Orthodox Church 10: 158 wooden-framed 10: 142 n. 4

n. 30 see also aron kodesh; beit midrash; bimah;

kneelingin 11:114 cantors; choirs, synagogue; liturgy,

masonry 10: 142 n.3, 145 n. 8, 150-2, 169; synagogal; music, Jewish: in synagogues;

vaulted 10: 152-4, 157-8, 162 preaching, Jewish; shtiblakh; and under memorial servicesin 11: 118-20, 145 names of individual towns

mixed choirs 2: 196 n. 29 synagogues, in Slovakia 12: 333-4

modernization and 11: xix—xx, 131 Syndykat Dziennikarzy Lodzkich (L6dzZ

musicin 11:73, 75, 142-3, 208; see also Journalists’ Trade Union) 6: 109

cantors; choirs, synagogue Szadek, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45

organsin 2:196n. 29 Szaniec 9: 143-4

Orthodox: size of, governed by Sabbath Szawlany, synagogue 2: 187

observance 11: 134 Szczebrzeszyn, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45

overcrowding in, dangerous 11: 117-18, Szczecin, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 44

155-6 Szczekociny, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46

permission to build 2: 182 Szki6w (Shklov), Jews of 10: 211-12, 367-8

prayer houses 2: 184 szlachta, see nobility, Polish

preaching in the vernacular 3: 115-16 szlachta zagrodowamovement 4: 212

present (1988) use of 5: 44—7 Sztuka i Zycie Wspélczesne 7: 143

private 11: 164-6, 167,374 Szydiéw, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45

|: in166 Royal Prussia 7:5, 8-9 T

| Progressive 8:194; 11:53, 132, 156-62, 164, | Szymowo, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 seatingin 11: 124, 127-8, 134, 144, 147, 156,

210-11 talit 11: 69-70, 128, 142

: 11:13] Talmud:

services, influenced by Haskalah movement see also tekhelet; tsitsit

in shtetlcommunities 8:93, 96, 108, 109 on bridegroom living with in-laws 1:57

socializing at 11: 115, 127 in Catholic press 8: 157, 159-60, 162, 167-8

: surviving in 1988 5: 40-9 on delaying marriage 1:52

wall paintings in 10: 144-5, 169-79; and incense 11:27 :

. abandonment of tradition of 10: 179-80; and Gershon Henoch Leiner 11:42—4 | Chodoréw synagogue 10: 164—5, 173; and memorial services 11: 120 Gwozdziec synagogue 10: 169-74, 176-9; and pilpul 11: xviii, 4n. 4

: iconography of 10: 174-9; of liturgy praised by J. I. Kraszewski 1:72 | 10: 149, 170, 173, 176, 180 n. 84; and publication of 12: 203 popular culture 10: 160-1, 168 on study before marriage 1:58 wooden 10: xxxii-xxxili, 141-82; ark in transmission of 11: xviii, 3-6, 8, 10, 12-13,

| 10: 146, 151, 156; barrel-vaulted 10: 162, 15-17, 21

| 164; bimahin 10: 146, 151; construction in yeshivas 11: xviii, 3-6, 8, 10, 12-13, 15-17,

, of, as indicator of economic stability 21

| 10: 151, 159; design 10: 158-61, 167-9; see also halakhah; tosafists exterior 10: 154-6, 167; with flat ceiling Tarlow, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46, 48 10: 162-3; Gwozdziec—Chodor6w group Tarnobrzeg, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45

150 General Index Tarnogrdd, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:47 Torun:

Tarnow: Jewish merchants in 7:5, 7,9 Bobower hasidim visit 11: 66—7, 71, 72-3, tumult of 1724 1:36

75 tosafists 10:91, 293, 297-302, 305, 310, 313

as remembered by Bobower rebbe 11:71 Toszek, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46

synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 44, 46 totalitarianism, increase in 8: 44, 53

taxes on Jews 5: 7; 6:8; 11: 137 tourism:

and Council of Four Lands 9: 188-90 and Jewish culture in Poland 11: 388, 390

in Galicia 12:63, 68-71 in eastern Europe, 1980s 4: 474-81 on Hebrew books 12: 198, 202 Towarzystwo Demokratyczne Polskie (TDP;

housing tax 12: 213-14 Polish Democratic Society) 7:31, 38

and Jewish marriage 10: 16-17, 20, 27 Towarzystwo dla Krzewienia Sztuk Pieknych

Jewish Pogiowne (poll tax) 1:37 (Society for the Propagation of Fine Arts) and Jewish population 10: 99-101, 104, 2: 231

109 Towarzystwo Ochrony Zdrowia (TOZ; Society

kosher tax 1:74; 3: 109; 12:71 for the Protection of Health) 10: 269

in lieu of military service 3:224-5 Towarzystwo Przyjacié! Zydowskiego Instytutu in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth 1:37, Naukowego (Society of Friends of the

39 Jewish Scientific Institute (YTVO)) 6: 110

teg, eating, see under yeshiva towns: tekhelet 11:38, 41, 52 age of marriage in 10: 23-5, 29; and

messianic implications 11: 46-9 residence in parental home 10: 28-9 reinstitution of 11: 32-3, 44, 46-7 growth of 10: 344

tekhine literature 7:71 Jewish population 8: 66, 71, 79 n. 63, 87, 90,

tekhines, publication of 10: 42-4 103, 119, 177-8, 291, 411 see also Index of Persons: Sarah bas Tovim Jewish proletariat 8: 239

Telegraf, Der 3: 150; 6:111 and minority citizenship 8: 119

Terespol, synagogue 2: 187 private: and contact between Jews and nonTerezin, musical life in 3: 429-31 Jews 10: 205-6; and economic stability

Ternopil’ 12: 80 10: xxxi, 150; and Jewish marriage 10: 7-8, Progressive synagogue 12:81 20, 24-5, 27, 30-1; and ritual murder

territory, and nationhood 9: 25, 29-30, 37, 40 accusations 10: 113, 130-1, 135; and

Teutonic Knights 7: 3-4 synagogue-building 10: 160

textile industry, Jews in 8: 233, 240, 249-50 and provincial Jewish press 8: 185-7 in £6dz 6: 8-10, 15-16, 41, 45, 57, 60-87 royal: and contact between Jews and non- |

theatre: Jews 10: 205; and Jewish marriage

Jewish 9: 234-5 10: xxxi, 20; and synagogue-building Polish 12:44; garden 4: 100; music in 10: 160

4: 115; portrayal of Jews in, 1863-1905 small, see shtet] communities

4: 98-128 Toynbee Hall in Vienna as shelter for poor Jews Yiddish 2: 230, 239 n. 23, 243 n. 75; 3: 177; 12: 172 , 4: 119-20, 121 n. 2, 477; 12: 22, 44,173,176 TOZ, seeTowarzystwo Ochrony Zdrowia Theresienstadt 1: 214 trade:

Thessaloniki 1:12 n. 16 attitudes towards of nobility 4:20

Jewish settlements 1:4 complaints against Jews by burghers 4: 22

tobacco and snuff, used by hasidim 11: 25-30 in devotional articles 8: 126

Tog, Der 12: 168, 181 Jews in 8: 136, 167, 196, 239, 391; and early

Togblat 12: 167 settlement in Poland 10: 287-8; and

toleration, religious 8:21, 164, 194 knowledge of foreign languages 10: 201-5

Tolner hasidim 11: 196 shtetl Jews in 8: 94-5, 97-9

Tomkhei Asirim (Prisoners’ Aid Committee) stereotypes of Jews engagedin 4: 20-1

11:63 see also economy, Polish

General Index 15] trade unions, Jewish 8:71, 76, 182 Tymczasowa Zydowska Rada Narodowa

cultural activities 8: 251 (Provisional Jewish National Council)

growth 8: 248-50 11:314 and kehilah elections of 1936 8: 214, 219-21

tradition, oral: U impact of printing on 10: 88, 91-2, 97,

187 Uganda, as Jewish homeland 11: 78-9, 81-2,

and Sarah bas Tovim 10:43, 61 91,124

and Shivhei habesht 10: 186-7, 191-2 ugoda (agreement) 9:82

traditions, Jewish, controversy over Ukraine 1: 100, 103

preservation of 1:42 church architecture in 10: 155, 157-8

Treblinka 1:318, 324; 3: 193-4, 427; 5: 54, 448, church decoration in 10: 175 n. 74 455; 7: 245; 8: 340, 363, 367; 9: 161, 203 ethnic groups in 3: 404-6

Truskolasy, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 hasidism in 11: xviii

Trybuna Ludu 9: 172-3, 180 Jewish population c.1600 1:338

Trybuna Narodowa 7: 136, 141 and Jewish trade 10: 202, 205

Trybuna Wolnosci 9: 145 and L’viv 11: 146, 151-2

Trzebinia (Chebin), yeshiva 11:4, 16-17 and Polish-Jewish relations 11: 186-7

tsadik, see hasidism political parties in 12:37 n. 27

Tsarist Empire, League for the Achievement of in recent scholarship 10: 396-8

Full Equal Rights for the Jews 3: 178 in Second World War 8: 401-3

Tsayt, Di 6: 108; 7: 139-40; 9: 118 Ukrainian press in Poland 11:232-46

Tse‘ena urena 7: 70-1, 73 wooden synagogues in 10: 141-82

Tse irei Agudas Yisroel 8: 44, 59 see also antisemitism; Greek Catholic

Tse ’irei Tsion 5: 132, 134-6, 138 (Uniate) Church; L’viv

Tseirim 7: 140 Ukraine (Russian), Polish-Ukrainian relations

Tsemah david 10: 350 in 12: 46-7 |

Tsentralrat fun Yidishe Proffaraynen (Central | Ukrainian, seelanguage, Ukrainian

Association of Jewish Trade Unions) Ukrainian dualism 12: 138-9

9:75 Ukrainian Military Organization 11: 234

Tsiona 5: 117 Ukrainian National Democratic Alliance Tsisho (Tsentrale Yidishe Shul Organizatsie; (UNDO) 11: 232-3, 238-9, 245 Central Jewish School Organization) Ukrainian question 1: 344, 348

9: 71, 73-4, 77; 10: 260-1, 265 Ukrainian Social Democratic Party (UPSD)

tsitsit 11:38, 46-7, 67 8: 194 n. 2; 12:93, 95

see also tekhelet Ukrainian Socialist Radical Party 11: 233

Tsofim 7: 140, 142 Ukrainian Workers’—Peasants’ Socialist Union

Tsukunft (youth movement) 9:65, 78 (Sel-Rob) 11: 233 Tsukunft Gournal) 11: 224-5 Ukrainian—Jewish relations 3: 406-9

Tsushteyer 12:171 Ukrainian-Polish relations 3: 409-12

Tsvishen vindmilen 7: 143 Ukrains’ki visty 11: 233, 244

Tulczyn: Uman massacre (1768) 2: 176—7;5:175 during Khmelnytsky uprising 1:22; 4:32 martyrdom of Jews represented in Yiddish

synagogue 2: 186 song 4: 44, 46

Turek, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 Unabhengige shtime 7: 133

Tworczosé 12: 288 underground movements 9: xxi

Tydzien Robotnika 7: 155 see also youth movements, Jewish and under

Tygodnik 12:20 Second World War

Tygodnik Polski 8:22; 12: 195 Underground Poland Study Trust, see Studium

Tygodnik Powszechny 9: 234 Polski Podziemnej Tykocin, synagogue 4: 483-4 unemployment 8:76

1988 use of 5:44 and artisans 8: 228-9, 231, 251, 295

152 General Index unemployment (contd): Union of Young Poland, see Zwiazek Miodej and municipal elections of 1936 9:97, 100-1 Polski and proletariat 8: 239, 246, 248, 251, 295 unions: in Soviet-occupied Vilna 9: 119, 122, 128 and the Bund 9: 75-6

and young Jews 8:54, 57 Jewish workers 9: 69, 71, 77, 82, 98

UNESCO, Polish Committee 9: 232, 236 and municipal elections of 1936 9: 90-1,

Unhoyb 12:175 93—5, 98-100, 101-5

Unia Zwiazkow Zawodowych Pracownik6w in Soviet-occupied Vilna 9: 119 Umysiowych (Union of White-Collar in the United States 9: 71-2, 74

Workers) 9:93, 95 United Jewish Electoral Bloc 9: 98-9, 105

Uniate Church, see Greek Catholic (Uniate) United Jewish Social-Economic Front 9:99

Church , United Kingdom:

Uniatism, Ukrainian 12: 38-43, 46-7, 56 and evacuation of Jews from Soviet Union

Unified Jewish Front, Gérna and Chojna 8: 373

Districts 9:98 and Jewish immigration to Palestine

Union Général des Israélites de France (UGIF) 11: 185-7

3: 437-8 and Jewish involvement in Russian Union of Military Organization 1: 214-24 revolution 9:55, 56 n. 2 passim and Jewish minority rights 8: xix, 23-6, Union of National Socialist Youth, see Zwiazek 29-36, 39-40, 333, 356-7 Mtodziezy Narodowo-Socjalistycznej and Palestine 9:68, 166, 195, 197-8, 203,

Union of Nationalist Youth, see Zwiazek 249 Mtodych Nacjonalist6w policy on Jewish rescue efforts 11: 183-91 Union of Orthodox Rabbis of the USA and United States of America:

Canada, see Agudas Harabonim and antisemitism 11:341-2, 344 - Union of the Patriotic Left, see Zwiazek Lewicy Bobower hasidim in 11: 67-76

Patriotycznej andthe Bund 9: 71-2, 74-7

Union of Petty Merchants, see Zwiazek cantors, status of 11: 204

Drobnych Kupcéw eastern European Jews in 3: 399-400

Union of the Polish Emigration (1866) 5: 212 and the Holocaust 11: 297-8, 302-3, 312-18

Union of Polish Nationalists, see Zwiazek immigrant rabbisin 11: 182-215

Narodowcéw Polskich and Jewish minority rights 8: 26-30, 31-2,

Union of Polish Socialists Abroad, see Zwiazek 36-8, 40, 333, 356

Zagraniczny Socjalist6w Polskich Jewish workers’ unions in 9:71—2, 74-5 Union of Polish Workers, see Zwiazek Jews in 8: 4, 34, 37, 135, 177

Robotnik6éw Polskich memoirs of immigrants, see Index of

Union of Polish Youth, see Zwiazek Miodej Persons: Antin, Mary ,

Polski Poles in 8: 182

Union of Primary School Teachers, see Zwiazek policy on immigration to Palestine 7: 172

Nauczycielstwa Szké6l Powszechnych resistance to Jewish immigration 1:303-4

Union of the Russian People 9:49 n. 4 Moshe Sivitzin 11: 192-215 Union of Social Activists, see Zwiazek and support for yeshivas 11:20

Aktywistéw Spotecznych and Y. Y. Trunk 11: 216, 220 Union of Socialist Artisans 9:63 United Zionist Bloc, see Zjednoczony Blok

Union of State Zionists, see Zwiazek Syjonistyczny Syjnonist6w Panstwowcéw Univers Israélite 5: 208 Union of White-Collar Workers, see Unia universities, limitation on Jewish students, see

Zwiazkéw Zawodowych Pracownik6éw numerus clausus

Umysiowych Unsere Hoffnung 12: 172 n. 32

Union of Young Catholic ‘Revivalists’, see Unzer arbetervelt 7: 142

Zwiazek Miodziezy Katolickiej Unzer ekspres 6: 111, 116; 12: 181

‘Odrodzenie’ Unzer leben 6: 108

General Index 153 Unzer shtern 7: 133, 143 Velt, Di 12: 173

Unzer tsaytung 7: 133 Versailles, Little Treaty, see Minorities Treaty

Unzer vort 7: 137, 143; 12: 174 1919

Unzer yidisher veg 7: 139 Vienna: uprisings, Polish: Government Council 9: 21-2 of 1794 11:335 Jewish community 5: 403-4, 468-9 of 1848-9 11:36 Jewish population 12: 261 . January Uprising (1863-4) 3:22, 156; 4:77; university: Jewish students 12:83; medical 5: 9: 7: 46; 11: xix, 121, 176, 178, 330; 12: 82, degrees awarded to Galician Jews 12:79,

243; émigrésand 5: 194-5, 198~9, 201, 83 204-6, 208, 215, 221; Jewish loyalties Zionism, attitudes to 12: 160-3 1: 81-95; Jewish support of, see Index of see also Toynbee Hall and under Galicia Persons: ‘Ben Israel, Ephraim’; Polish Viestnik Bundu 9:39 perspective 1: 68-80; and Russification Vilenski vestnik 1: 104, 108

1: 96-7 villages:

Kosciuszko Insurrection (1794), Warsaw Jewish population in 10: 19-20, 28-9 under 3:57-8, 67, 70, 104; 10: 200, 204, private 10:20, 30-1, 107, 136, 365-6

207, 331; 12: 208 royal 10:20

and literature 10: 390 see also shtetl communities November Insurrection (1830-1) 1: 81-2; Vilna 4: 213; 5: 225, 234 3: 110-13, 225; 7: 34; 11: 34-5, 176, 178; in and emergence of Socialism 9: 3-4, 6, 8,

literature 2: 204, 206 11-12, 17

urbanization, see towns; villages ghetto 1:333

Urquell 7:91-2, 101 Jewish community 1: 334; 2: 154-6, 159

Urzad Bezpieczenistwa (Office of Public and Jewish culture 8:70, 73, 86—7

Security) 9: 165, 168, 172, 180 Jewish deaths 8:361, 366, 367 Ustron, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:47 Jewish population 8: 66, 70, 90 Ustrzyki Dolne, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 45 and Jewish social democrats 9: 10 and Jewish underground 9: 154, 156-7, 209

V and kehilahelections 215,9:224 and8: Palestine 198, 202 | Va’ad Arba Aratsot, see Council of Four Lands provincial press 8: 185, 215

and under autonomy, Jewish under Soviet control 9: xxi, 107-37, 151-2;

Va’ad Harabanim 11:63 bombing 9: 108-10; cultural sphere

Va’ad Lita (Council of Lithuania) 11: 420 9: 122-4; economic sphere 9: 119-21; first Va’ad Medinah (Council of the Province) 12:9 reactions 9: 110—13, 149; and internal

value systems: security 9: 131-6; and Jewish migration in Jewish press 8: 193 9: 124-31; and newspapers 9: 113-14, of young Jews 8: 54-5, 57-63, 64 123; Polesin 9: 131-3,135; political

Varhayt, Di 6: 107-8, 112 sphere 9: 113-18; and relocation of Varshavskii dnevnik 1: 106-7 Elektrit factory 9: 108, 121, 127-8

Varshoyer yudishe tsaytung 3: 147 starvation in 9: 108-9, 119, 121, 126, 133

Vatican: synagogue 2: ill. 22 following p. 180 and antiracism 8: 165 town plan 5:34

concordat of 1925 8: 123 university 2: 254, 259, 262 ,

and Palestine 8: 143-4 Yiddish song on martyrdom ofJewsin 4:48 question of intervention in Poland 2: 274-5, and youth movements 9:215

289-91, 294, 296-8 see also Vilner tog Veg, Der 3: 150 Vilna region, yeshivas of 11:22

Veker, Der 7: 137, 142; 12: 174 Vilner tog 9: 113-14, 117

Velikiye Komyaty, wooden synagogue in Viner Morgentsaytung 12: 174

10: 143 n. 4 violence, anti-Jewish, see anti-Jewish violence

154 General Index Vistnyk 11: 233, 240-5 } German occupation: First World War Vittel, internment camp at 1:323 11: 121; Second World War 11:99-111

Vizhnitsa, yeshiva 11:11 ghetto, see separate entry

VJOD (Vereinigung Jiidischer Organisationen hasidic Jews in 3: 157-8, 160

8:19 history 9: 280-2

Deutschlands), and Jewish autonomy Heroes of the Ghetto Monument 5:53

Vladimir Medem Sanatorium 9: 73-4, 77 infant mortality 3: 126

Volhynia: Jewish cemetery 3: 201 Jewish tradein 10: 202 Jewish Communal Administration memoirs of, 1939-41, see Index of Persons: 12: 212-14

Ajzensztajn-Kesher, Beti Jewish community 3: 25-45; 1795-1861

133-4, 136 3: 17-18

ritual murder accusations in 10: 122, 130-1, 3: 102-21; before 1914 3: 156-87; pre-war

Volozhin: Jewish Council 1: 318-19

yeshiva 1:52, 58 Jewish cultural life in 3: 191

yeshiva movement 1:50 Jewish districts 3: 31-6, 108, 166-7 see also Index of Persons: Haim of Volozhin Jewish financiers 3: 107, 110-11, 113-14

Voskhod 1: 153 Jewish population 3:29, 46-77, 81, 103, 142,

Vpered 9: 4-5 , 164-6; 8: 66, 90, 136, 161, 177, 388-9;

9: 233, 281; 9: 233, 281; 11:37; 1765-1810 3: 59-61; 1792 3: 123; c.1800 3: 46-77;

W 1864 3: 123-4; 1882-97 3: 122-41; 1939-45: 11:386; by occupation W drodze 11: 277-8 12: 212-20

Watbrzych: and Jewish press 8: 184-9, 192, 218 and antisemitism of 1956 9: 173, 178-9 Jewish professions 3: 168-70

synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 44 Jewish residence rights, debated in Four wall painting, in synagogues, see under Year Sejm 3: 49-57

synagogues and Jewish separatism 8:71

Warka, synagogue 2: 183 Jewish syndyk 3: 70-2

Warka Assembly (1423) 2: 118, 123-4 Jewish workers’ movement 3: 170-2

Warsaw: Jews deported from 3:15, 194—5; 5: 455-6; 1880-1914 6: 325-9; 8: 388-92 8: 339-41, 358, 362-8, 370-1 1918-39 2: 456-7 Jews in industry 8: 240-1 Academy of Catholic Theology 9: 236 Jews in local politics 8: 182, 224, 313

anarchist action 3: 176 kahal 3: 71-2, 103, 110, 117, 157-8

and anti-Jewish boycott 9: 60-1 and kehilah elections of 1936 8: 215, 219-20, anti-Jewish violence: in 1790 3: 52-3, 222; 9:63 78-101; in 1805 3: 105; in 1936 7: 154-5 Lauder-Morasha School 11: 388

architecture 3:30-1 libraries 8: 252-3

artisans 8: 231-2, 234-5 , literacy rates, 1882-1914 12:221—41

census records for 10:21 Litvaksin 12: 252, 254, 273 commemorative monuments 5: 50-6 mayor of 9: 232, 234

commerce in 3: 64-9, 81 memoirs of, during Second World War, see

communists 9: 153 under Warsaw ghetto and Index of

Duma elections of 1912 3: 178-81; 6: 327-8; Persons: Clarke, Anna; Krall, Hanna;

8: 21—2, 390-1; 9: 45-54 Makower, Henryk; Perechodnik, Calek; economy, Jewish role in 3: 33-6 Schmidt, Leokadia effect of 1905 revolution 3: 176-7 Memorial Route 5:51, 53, ills. 19 and 20

ethnic identity of Jews 3: 128-30 following p. 52 expulsion of Jews: in 1790 3: 52-3, 87-9, 91; mitnagedim in 3: 157-8

in 1806 3: 106, 108-9 moral standards, declinein 10:8, 11

General Index 155 Oberpolitseimeister 9: 52-4 deaths 9: 139, 201 pogroms: 1790 1:42; 1881 3: 123, 129, 161; effect of Russo-German war on 3: 191-2

4: 93; 11: 336; 12: 248, 250 in films 2: 366-8

and Polish Jewish brotherhood 1:69 food rations 3: 190, 192

prayer houses 3: 28-30, 159-60 Gypsiesin 3:193

and rebbe of Radzymin 11: 63-4 humour in 7: 192-218

Reformed house of prayer 2:189 — Judenrat 3: 189, 196; 9: 297-8; see also Index

right to exclude Jews 10: 204, 210 of Persons: Czerniak6w, Adam

riots of 1794 2: 169-70 lawyers in 3:191

ritual murder accusations in 10: 129-30 liquidation of 3: 197-8

School of Nursing 11: 100, 102-6 literary writings 1: 402-3 Seniores Judaeorum 3: 69-70 memoirs of 1:318-24, 402-3; 3: 425-9; socialists 9:10, 12, 45, 48-9 5: 451-2, 453-6; 6: 297; 7: 192-218, Synagogue Council 1: 134 224-52311: 97-111, 258-9, 350, 378, 388; synagogues 3: 28, 30, 159; 11: xix, 37, 122; see also Index of Persons: Berg, Mary; 1988 use of 5: 44; Franciszkariska Street Edelman, Marek; Kaplan, Chaim A.; 2: 188; 3: 32; design for 2: ill. 9 following Lewin, Abraham; Perechodnik, Calek;

p. 180; German synagogue Ringelblum, Emanuel; Schmidt, Leokadia (Danilowiczowska Street) 2: 189-91; Oneg Shabbes 3: 10-11; 5: 454 3: 28, 115-16, 133, 159; Great Synagogue poetry 1:401-2 2: ills. 14 and 15 following p. 180, 189; rationing of food 4: 453 3:17, 30, 158-9, 202, ill. 6 following p. 20; religious services in 7: 212-13 11: 112-26, 157-8; Nozyk Synagogue reports of Ludwig Fischer 3: 188-99 3: 30; 4: 475; at Praga 2: 187, 190, ill. 7 schooling in 3:191 following p. 180; 3: 30; Twarda Street social welfare in 3:9 2: 190; wooden, Graniczna Street 3: 159 soup kitchensin 3: 193

and Tarler rebbe 11:53-4 and survival 11:387 ,

taxpayers in 1912 12:212-20 tradein 3: 190, 193, 196

ticket charge for residence 3: 47-8, 57-8, 84, uprising 3:5, 15, 197; 4: 366, 369, 453; 5: 50,

89, 103, 105, 109 54, 392; 7: 243

tsarist censorship office records 11:334-6 see also Index of Persons: Anielewicz, Umschlagplatz Memorial 5: 50-6, ills. 15-18 Mordekhai; Czerniakow, Adam

following p. 52 Warsaw, Grand Duchy 10: 18, 323

university 2: 253-4, 260, 264 Warsaw Positivists 8: 194, 325, 327-9 uprising of 1944 4: 359-60; 9: 145-7, 156, Warszawski Dziennik Narodowy 5: 105, 108;

197, 206, 209, 212-31, 297; 10: 270 7: 154; 12: 182

urban history 3: 19-25 Warszawski glos narodowy 9: 146

workers’ curia 9: 48-9, 54 Warta, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 45-6 Wyznaniowa Gmina Starozakonna wealth, Jewish 1:22

12: 212-14 weddings, in shtet!communities 8: 106

yeshivas 11:8n. 18, 9, 13, 15-18, 21 Western Wall, erection of screen in 1928 11:64 as a Yiddish literary centre 3: 142-55 Wiadomosci 6: 259 youth movements in 9: 206, 209, 212-31 Wiadomosci Literackie 8:84 Warsaw ghetto 1: 395-400; 2: 341, 465; Wiadomosci Teatralne 7: 143 4: 451-3, 458-9; 5: 6, 53-4, 386, 450-3; Widawa, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:47 6: 305; 9: 139, 145-7, 151, 153, 201, 209, Wiedza 9:51-2 297-9; 10: 205, 223, 230, 240, 243, 264,345, Wielen region, ritual murder accusations in

356; 11: 14, 116, 251, 253-5, 376 10: 122

archives, see Warsaw ghetto: OnegShabbes __Wieliczka, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46

, armed resistance in January 1943 4: 452 Wielki Ob6z Chrzescijanski (Great Christian

: ban on playing Aryan composers 7: 212 Bloc) 9:92

chronicles of, see Index of Persons under Wielkie Oczy, synagogue 2: ill. 23 following

Ringelblum, Emanuel p. 180

creation of 3: 188-91 1988 use of 5: 46

156 General Index Wielopolska: childbirth, effects on health of 10:22 Jewish population of 10: 119-20 and commerce 1:60

Jewish privileges in 10: 101, 407 compassion, obligation of 10: 48-9 ritual murder accusations in 10: 121-2 experiences of immigrants to the USA 2: 434 Wielun, census records for 10: 19, 21-2, 35-6, hair 11:73, 137

36 images of 9: 258, 262

Wiener Israelit 12: 173 n. 37 and kabbalah 10: xxxiii, 63 wigs, ban on, see under Jews, distinctive in kibbutzim 2: 450

appearance of and modernization 10:378

Wilno, see Vilna as percentage of population 10: 21-2, 25 wine, avoidance ofred_ 1:23 prayer by 11:73, 75 Wisla 7: 92-3, 96 in pre-First World War Poland 8: 295 Wissenschaft des Judentums 1: 154; 3: 384; publications for 2: 232, 245n.91

7: 90-1; 11: 49, 333 rituals and prayers of: candles, for the living witchcraft trials 1: 36-7 and the dead _ 10: 46, 50-6, 58-65; WIZO (Women’s International Zionist candlewicking, and measuring of graves

Organization) 9:98 10: 53-3, 65; and piety 10: 40-65, 67

Whoclawek: separated from men 11:21 n. 65, 62, 64, 73, Jewish community, 1918-39 11:388 75, 117, 127, 154, 159, 210-11 Jewish education in, 1918-39 11:389 and sexuality 9: 258-64, 266, 268-70 synagogue 2: ill. 17 following p. 180, 192 as socialist activists 9: 6-7

Wlodawa, synagogue 11:390 and tekhines 10: xxxiii, 40-65

1988 use of 5: 44, 47 voluntary exile of, as penance 10:47 n. 27

Wodzistaw, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:46 see also marriage, Jewish and Index of Wodzistaw Slaski, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46 Persons: Sarah bas Tovim Wojew6dzki i Miejski Komitet Zy¥d6wwPolsce Workers’ Guard, Vilna 9: 108, 114-15, 128-9,

(Provincial and City Committee of Jews in 132-3

Poland) 9:161 working classes 1: 114

Wojewodzki Urzad Bezpieczenstwa see also proletariat

Publicznego (Provincial Office of Public World Jewish Congress 8: 282-3, 334, 339, 341,

Security): 350-1, 357, 361, 365, 368 n. 23; 9: 70

Kielce 9: 165 World Union of Mapai 9: 196 n. 1

Poznan 9: 172 World War II, see Second World War Wroclaw 9: 180 Worms Mahzor 10: 178-9, ill. 20, p. 178 Wojskowy Sad Rejonowy (Regional Military Wroclaw:

Court) 9: 168 n. 36 13th-c. town plan 5:29

Wojstawice: and antisemitism of 1956 9: 173, 180 ritual murder accusations in 10: 135-6 synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 44, 46, 48

synagogue, 1988 use of 5:47 WIZeSZCZ:

Wolpa (Belarus), wooden synagogue in Jewish community 7:8 10: 179-81, ills. 21 and 22, pp. 180-1 synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 Wolsztyn, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 Wylkowyszki, synagogue 2: 187

Wolyn, and Home Army 9: 144 Wyszkow, Jewish community 2: 181 women, Jewish:

age distribution of 10:31-3 X

age at marriage 10:5, 15, 26

behaviour in synagogue 10: 46-9 xenophobia, see ethnocentrism in the Bible 11:145

and candles for the dead 10: 50-6, 58-65 Y cemeteries: measured by 10: xxxiii, 50-3, 56,

58 n. 59, 59-64; prayer at 10:57 n. 52, Yad Halutsim 7: 133

59-62, 64 Yad Vashem, and historiography 8: 8, 338, 401

General Index 157 yarmulkes 11: 128, 220 student journals of 11:10, 12, 15-16, 18-19 Yeshiva University 11: 199 students of, becoming Progressive rabbis

yeshiva/yeshivas 11:3n.2 11: 132

authority of 11:7, 13 testsin 11: 8-9, 11, 13-14

and baalei teshuvah 11:23 Yeshiva Orhot Hayim 11:63

and beit midrash, compared 11:6, 20, 23 youth movements for students of 11:14

branches of 11: 15-16 see also Ostrowiec; Otwock; Piaseczno;

in Congress Poland 11: 7-9, 13-15 Probuzna; Radomsko; Stolin; Trzebinia

curriculum 11: 8-10, 12-16 (Chebin); Vilna region; Vizhnitsa; and

distinction between hasidim and under Aleksandr6éw; Baranowicze; Belz;

mitnagedim 11:4 Brzezany; Galicia; Habad; Krakéw; L6dZ;

in eastern Galicia 11: 9-10 Lubavich; Lublin; L’viv; Minsk

eating teg 11:6, 8-9, 13-14, 17, 20, 23 Mazowiecki (Novominsk); Radzymin; as escape from traditional family 1:52, 57 Radzyn; Romania; Sochaczew; Sokol6w facilities of 11: 6-8, 10, 13-15, 17, 23, 204-5 Podlaski; Stanistaw6w; Warsaw

financing of 11:13, 16-18, 20 Yetsige tsayt, Di 6: 114

as formative experience 11:5 Yid, Der 7:99

founders of 11: 7-10, 13-16 Yiddish, see language, Yiddish functions and methods 11: 19-24 Yiddish songs, depiction of Jewish martyrdom and future of traditional Jewish society in 4: 42-52; 5: 178, 182 n. 30

11: 22-3 Yiddishism 1: 138

graduation ceremonies 11:12 Yidele 10: xviii Hakhmei Lublin 11:4, 17-18 Yidish 12:175

and hasidic courts 11:12, 17,20 Yidish Kultur Farband (YKUF; Yiddish Cultural : among hasidim, see under hasidism Association) 9: 117-18 history of, in Poland 11: 4-7, 23; Yidishe morgnpost 12: 174 before 20th c. 11:5; before First World Yidishe shtime, Di 7: 139; 8: 218 War 11: 7-11; in inter-war period Yidishe vort, Dos 7: 137, 139, 146; 8: 186

11: 12-18 Yidisher Arbeiterfarayn (Association of Jewish

Hungarian 11:4 Trade Unions) 9:76 |

impact of printing on 10:87, 89-94 Yidisher arbeyter, Der 9:39; 12: 169, 174, 260 and leadership of community 11:5 Yidisher Arbayter Farband in Varshe (Jewish

Lithuanian 1:52, 58;11:4,6 Labour Union in Warsaw) 9:11

and mitnagedim 11:3-4, 6, 20-2,23-4,419 Yidisher Arbayter Komitet jewish Labour

modernity and 11:6, 22-3 Committee) 9:72, 74-6, 78 number of students, in Poland 11:22 Yidisher bibliotek 7:94

ordination ceremonies, organized by 11:12, Yidisher veg, Der 7: 139

15 Yidisher Vissenschaftlikher Institut, see YTVO and pilpul 11:4n.4 Institute for Jewish Research | post-yeshiva study 11:18 Yidishes frayland 12: 173 as power-base 11:6, 12, 20 Yidishes tageblat 3: 150

programme of study 11: 8-10, 12-15, 21 Yidishes vokhenblat 3: 150 publishing activities of 11:12, 15-16,18-19 Yishuv, and youth movements 9: 116, 195,

in Romania 11:11 197-9, 201, 203, 207, 210-11

: roshyeshivah 11:5-6, 8, 15-17, 20,194,199 | YIVO Institute for Jewish Research (Yidisher

: and routinization of charisma 11:23 Vissenschaftlikher Institut) 3: 204-7, 209;

! Sanzer rebbeon 11:4 8: xvii, 42-3, 53, 64, 247 : secular influences rejected by 11: 8-9, 12, archives 8:7, 24

18, 23 and Polish antisemitism 8:7, 54

secular studies in 11: 12-13 and Soviet occupation of Vilna 9: 118, 124 size of 11: 7-8, 14-16, 21-2 see also Towarzystwo Przyjacid!

socialist view of 9:5, 6 Zydowskiego Instytutu Naukowego

158 General Index Yom Kippur: Yungt Bund-Tsukunft (Youth Bund Future) and candles 10: 46, 50—4, 56, 60-1, 63-5 10: 271-2

term 1:6 Yugnt fon, Di 7: 137, 142

Yontiv bletlekh 7:94

Young Jewish Front, see Front Mtodo- 7, Zydowski

youth, Jewish: Zabtud6éw, synagogue 2: 186 intellectual activity of 8: 253 Zadruga 4:172

memoirs 8: 42-65 Zagiebie, and the Bund 9: 80-1

proletarianization 8: 243-7 Zagiebie Dabrowskie, Jewish community

and separatism 8:72-3 11: 388

see also autobiographies of young Jews in Zaklik6w, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 1930s; education, Jewish and under Zamosé, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 45, 47 antisemitism; assimilation, Jewish; Bund; = Zarki, synagogue, 1988 use of 5:45 Catholic Church; children; Communism; _Zary, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 44

consciousness, national; Folkism; Zarzad Gl6wny Towarzystwa Spolecznoidentity, Jewish; language, Hebrew; Kulturalnego Zyd6w w Polsce (TSKZ; nationalism: Jewish; Orthodoxy; Social Cultural Society of Jews in Poland) Palestine; parties, Polish political; politics, 9: 177 n. 28, 178, 180-1, 232

Polish; poverty, Jewish; sexuality; Zbaszyn (Neu-Bentschen) 1:317; 3: 8; 4: 211;

students, Jewish organizations of; 5: 109-10; 8: 265-8, 271-3, 279-81 unemployment; Yishuv; Zionism Zegota, see Rada Pomocy Zydom

youth movements, Jewish: Zentralstelle fiir das jiidische Armenwesen emissaries from 9: 198-9, 205, 207, 213-14, 12: 155-8

284 Zespot Stu (Group of a Hundred) 8: 203

and Erets Israel 9: 116, 151, 195-211, 213, Zgierz, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 47

216-17, 225 Zgoda 7: 138

and gedudim 9: 216-19 Zgorzelec, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 44

and kevutsot 9: 216, 218 Zhigilka (opera) 7: 271 and kibbutzim 9: 196, 205, 213-14, 225-7 Zhitovian 11: 194

Orthodox 11:14 Zhovkva, medieval town plan 5:36

and pelugot 9:218 Zionism 1: 136, 157, 206; 2: 444-7; 3: 172, 173,

and resistance through education 9: 208-9, 176, 182, 277, 395; 5: 58; 8: xvii, xx, 294;

— 212-31 12: 845, 94, 152, 262, 266, 269

284 in the 1880s 11:37

source material on 9: 195-7, 199-200, in the 1860s 11:37

in Warsaw, 1939-41 9: 212-31 and Ahad Ha’am 10: 412-14; 11:77n.3, 81 and welfare projects 9: 219-20, 231 n. 18, 89, 91 n. 70 see also Akiva youth movement; Betar; aims of 11: 84-5 Gordonia; hakhsharah, Hashomer All-Russia Zionist Conference 5: 120-1 Hatsair; Hechaluts; Kolo Miodziezy and Anglo-French foreign policy 2: 11-13, Polskiej im. Berka Joselowicza; Tse ’irei 17, 21-2

, Agudas Yisroel; Yishuv and antisemitism 4:157n.6

Youth Movement of the Camp of Greater attitude to Holocaust 2: 383-4 Poland, see Ruch Mtodych-Ob6z Wielkiej attitude to sexuality and love 1:63

Polski ban on Zionist activities in Poland 5: 126

Yudishes folksblat 3: 146 and Britain 8:25; 11: 122

Yung yiddish 6:270 of British Jews 10:375

Yung Yiddish Jung Idysz) group 6: 224-30, and the Bund 9: 38-9, 61, 67-71; 10: 261-2 263-70, 274-5, ills. following p. 246; in Catholic press 8: 139-40, 143-4, 153;

8: 413-15 11: 273

Yunge, Di 3: 151; 6: 226; 12: 175 in Congress Poland 5: 114-30

General Index 159 congresses: First World Congress 5: 117-18; as response to Polish nationalism 11:37 9: 15; 11: 174; Third Zionist Congress Revisionist Zionism 2: 286; 5: 158, 160, 162,

5: 123-4; Fifth Congress 11:78 169; 11: 188; see also Front Miodo-

cultural 10: 393-5 Zydowski; Irgun Tsvai Leumi

and Diaspora Jews 11:77, 84, 88, 124 ~ role in exodus of Polish Jews in 1945

and education 11:114 7: 163-7, 172 and emigration 11: 185 Russian 9:57

first activists 1: 137 in shtetlcommunities 8: 93-4 and Galician Jews in Vienna 12: 160-3 and Sivitz 11: 203, 209 Gegenwartsarbeit (activity to foster Jewish and Socialism 8: 202; 9:13, 17, 21, 51, 69

identity in the Diaspora) 5: 132, 135, socialist 9: 153-4, 196 n. 1

143-5 and Soviet occupation of Vilna 9: 118, 125,

and German occupation 9: 141-3 128 ,

Guterman of Radzymin on 11: xviii and Soviet Union 9: 203-4 ha‘avarah (transfer) agreement 11: 299 and territorialism 11: 77-93 and hasidism 10: 344, 346; 11: 31-2, 35, and Y. Y. Trunk 11: 227

37-8, 55 Tsiona 5: 117

Hehaluts: in the 1920s 5: 131-55; in Poland Uganda controversy 5: 122-3, 126-7

5: 139-55; in Russia 5: 134-9 in UK 2:385 :

Hibat Tsion 5: 114-17, 119, 121 and use of Polish language 1: 196 and historiography 10:397 and Warsaw Great Synagogue 11: xix, 112,

and history of Poland 8: xvi, 4-5 121-6

Jewish attitudes to 8:11, 328 World Zionist Organization 5: 142-3, 146, and Jewish emigration 9: 66-9, 80, 166 149 and Jewish underground 9: 153-4 and young Jews 8: 42, 43, 50-3, 58-61, 64 and Jewish—Ukrainian relations 11: 234-6 youth movements 5: 132-3; 9: 151, 195-211,

and kehilahelections 8: 209, 214-16, 212-31; 11: 88

218-22, 225 and Zeitlin 11: 77-93

Marxist 2: 442-4 Zionist movement 2: 446; 4:95, 147; history and municipal elections: 1936 9: 105; of 6: 288-94; Hitachdut 7: 139, 141;in

1938-9 9: 79-80 £6dz 6:94; Mizrahi 7: 139; supported by

and municipal government 8:222-4 Polish nationalist right wing 4: 190 as anational movement 4: 151,155 Zionist press 2: 228; 7: 137, 139-40, 142; and national revival 11: 77-8, 84, 91 religious 7: 139; revisionist 7: 142

and Nazism 11: 298-9 see also Akiva youth movement;

New Zionist Organization 3: 276-94; Dror—Hechaluts; Freiheit; hakhsharah;

5: 162-5, 170; 10: 408-10 Hakibbutz Hameuchad; Hashomer

opposed by Jewish intelligentsia 5: 115-16, Hatsair; Hibat Tsion; Histadrut; Mizrachi

119 party; Tse’irei Tsion and under Galicia

origins 2:445 Zionist Organization in Poland 1: 227

Parliament of Zion, proposal for 3: 288-91 Zionist Socialist Workers’ Party, see

and physical strength 9: 267 Syjonistyczno-Socjalistyczna Partia

Pioneer movement 8: 7, 8 Robotnicza

Po’alei Tsion 5: 135; 6:99 Zionist-Revisionists 9:99, 125 n. 74, 154, 251-2

Po‘alei Tsion 3: 176 Zjednoczenie 7: 134, 138

in Poland, and attitude to Britain 11: 122 Zjednoczenie Emigracji Polskiej (Union of

and Polish antisemitism 2: 375 Polish Emigration) 7:48

Polish attitudes to 11: 273-4 Zjednoczenie Mtodziezy Pracujacej : and Polish state 8: 20-1, 31-2, 34, 39 ‘Jednosé (Association of Working Youth

: post-war 10:347-8 ‘Union’) 9:92

publications 8: 186, 189, 218 Zjednoczenie Zawodowe Polskie (Union of

and religion 12: 161-2 Polish Trades) 9:92

160 General Index Zjednoczenie-Organizacja Polskiej Miodziezy Zwiazek Mtodziezy Narodowo-Socjalistyczne}j

2: 249 Youth) 4:171

Akademickiej Pochodzenia Zydowskiego (ZMNS; Union of National Socialist Zjednoczone Stronnictwo Ludowe (ZSL; Zwiazek Miodziezy Polskiej (ZET; Polish

United Peasants’ Party) 9: 180-1 League) 1:116, 125nn.9, 11 Zjednoczony Blok Syjonistyczny (United Zwiazek Mlodziezy Studenckiej ‘Zagiew’

Zionist Bloc) 9: 98-9 (Organization of Student Youth ‘Zagiew’)

, Zjednoczony Komitet Czerwonego Krzyta 7: 138

7 SIs: Polish Nationalists) 4: 172

oneg nee of the Red Cross) Zwiazek Narodowcow Polskich (ZNP; Union of Zjednoczony Komitet Mniejszosci Zwiazek Narodowy Polskiej Mtodziezy Narodowych (United Committee of Akademickiej 2: 249 National Minorities) 9:82 Zwiazek Nauczycielstwa Szk6! Powszechnych ZLN, see Zwiazek Ludowo-Narodowy (Union of Primary School Teachers) 9:101 Zioczow, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46, 48 Zwiazek Niezawistych Zyd6w (Organization of

ZMN, see Zwiazek Mtodych Nacjonalist6w Independent Jews) 7: 137

Znak 1: 415-17; 7: 288 Zwiazek Polak6w Wyznania Mojzeszowego Zonet, naae Shem Tov 11:51 (Organization of Poles of Mosaic Faith)

and Ba em Tov II: 7: 138

influence on synagogue architecture Zwigzek Polskiej Mtodziezy Demokratyczne}

10: 149, 168-9, 174 . | 9-955

ane Person Henoc ane 11: 48-9, 51-2 Zwiazek oo Narodowosel Zydowskiej .

and messianism 11:32, 39-40 oe of Delegates of Jewish Nationality) Leni etween the living and the AIR ZERISIOW (Union of Reservists) and sexuality 9: 261-2 Zwiazek Robotnikéw Polskich (ZRP; Union of

_ Yiddish paraphrase of 10: 44 Polish Workers) 1:115 Zotkiew, see Zhovkva azek Aktywl p ych ( oe, ;Loy a a ,

Zwiazek Aktyvwistéw Spolecznvch (Union of Zwiazek RzemiesInik6w Chrzescijan (Union of

Social Activists) 8: 205 , Christian Artisans) 9:94 oo,

Zwiazek Drobnych Kupcéw (Union of Petty Zwiazek Stowarzy sZen Humanitar nych Bhai

Merchants) 9:98 B’rith (Corporation of Humanitarian

Zwiazek Izb RzemiesIniczych (Union of Or ganizations B nai rith) 4 : 84; 7: 145 Craftsmen’s Chambers) 9: 178 Zwiazek Student6w-Zydéw (Union of Jewish

Zwiazek Jaszczurczy 2:313 , _ Students) J: 301 ; .

Zwiazek Legionistéw Polskich (Union of Polish 2iazek Syjonistow Panstwowcow (Union of

Legionaries) 9:93 . State Zionists) 9: 98 .

Zwiazek Lewicy Patriotycznej (Union of the Zwiazek Zagraniczny Socjalist6w Polskich

Patriotic Left) 8: 205 (ZZSP; Union of Polish Socialists Abroad)

Zwiazek Literat6éw i Dziennikarzy Zydowskich 1: 115; 5253; 9: L7—-18 (Union of Jewish Journalists and Writers) | Zwiazek Zawodowy Pracownikow

6: 106, 109, 114-15; 12: 181 Handlowych (Trade Union of Zwiazek Ludowo-Narodwy (ZLN; Popular Businessmen) 9: 101 National Union) 2: 246; 8: 127 Zwiazek Zawodowy Zydowskikch

and antisemitism 8: 196-8 Pracownik6w Umystowych (Union of

Zwiazek Mlodej Polski (ZMP; Union of Young Jewish White-Collar Workers) 7:145

Poland) 4:171;7:261 Zwiazek Zwiazkow Zawodowych (Association

Zwiazek Miodych Nacjonalist6w (ZMN; Union of Trade Unions) 9: 95-6, 104 of Nationalist Youth ZMN) 2: 312; 8: 204 Zwiazek Zyd6w Uczestnikéw Walk o

Zwiazek Miodziezy Katolickiej ‘Odrodzenie’ Niepodlegtos¢ Polski (Organization of (Union of Young Catholic ‘Revivalists’) Jewish Participants in the Fight for

9:92 Poland’s Independence) 7: 145

General Index 161 Zwiazek Zydowskich Inwalidéw, WdowiSierot Zydowska Partia Socjaldemokratyczna (ZPSD;

Wojennych (Organization of Jewish War Jewish Social Democratic Party) 2: 440-1; Disabled, Widows, and Orphans) 7: 145 7: 142; 9: 15, 21, 24; 12: 17, 93, 169 Zwiazki Zawodowe ‘Praca’ (Trade Unions Zydowska Syjonistyczna Partia Robotnicza

‘Work’) 9:92, 95 Poale Syjon Jlewish Zionist Workers’ Party

Zychlin, synagogue, 1988 use of 5: 46 Po’alei Tsion) 7: 141-2

Zycie Literackie 12: 291 Zydowski Instytut Historyczny (ZIH; Jewish

Zycie i My§l 12:290-1 Historical Institute) 8: 424, 425; 9: 301-2;

Zycie Zydowskie 2: 221 10: xix

Zydokomuna 10: 222 thesis competition 9: 232-43 Zydowska Centralna Komisja Historyczna Zydowski Komitet Narodowy (Jewish National

4: 227, 247 Committee) 9: 156

Zydowska Niezalezna Socjaldemokratyczna Zydowski Komitet Wyborczy (Jewish Electoral

Partia Robotnicza Po’ale Syjon Jewish Committee) 6: 100 Independent Social Democratic Workers’ Zydowski Zwiazek Robotniczy w Warszawie

Party Po’alei Tsion), see Po’alei Tsion 9:11 Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa (ZOB; Jewish Zydowski Zwiazek Wojskowy (ZZW; Jewish

Fighting Organization) 3:11, 15, 196; Military Union) 3: 196; 9: 154 4: 360; 5: 50, 53-4, 456; 7: 243; 9: 153, 155, Zydowskie Stronnictwo Ludowe Jewish

298 People’s Party; Folkspartei) 1: 157;

Zydowska Organizacja Polskiej Partii 6:111

Socjalistycznej Jewish Organization of Zydowskie Towarzystwo Terytorialno-

the PPS) 9:11, 19 Syjonistyczne (Jewish Territorial-Zionist

Zydowska Partia Robotnicza (Jewish Workers’ Society) 5: 127; 6:99 ,

Party) 9:20 Zywiec 12:63 n.6

BLANK PAGE

Index of Books Reviewed Both book reviews and review essays are indexed below.

A 1 ADAMCZYK-GARBOWSKA, MONIKA, Polska Isaaca Bashevisa Singera: Rozstanie i powrot (Lublin: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marti CurieSkiadowskiej, 1994), 10: 333-8 (revd Shmeruk) 2 ALEKSANDROWICZ, JULIAN, Kartkiz dziennika doktora Twardego, 3rd edn.

_ (Krakéw: Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1983), 1: 316-26 (revd Wiadystaw

Bartoszewski) , 3 ALMOG, SHMUEL, Zionism and History Jerusalem, 1982), 6: 288-94 (revd Salmon) 4 ALY, GOTZ etal. (eds.), Beitrdge zur nationalsozialistischen Gesundheits- und Sozialpolitik, 6 vols. (Berlin: Rotbuch Verlag, 1987-8), 4: 462-6 (revd Burleigh) 5 AMATYS, BARBARA, AMATYS, LESZEK, and STRADOMSKI, WIESELAW, Historia filmu polskiego (Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Artystyczne i Filmowe, 1988), 11: 358-60 (revd Gross)

6 AMSTLER, OSWALD, Solidaritdt zu Kindern in den nationalsozialistischen Konzentrationslagern (Vienna: Sensen-Verlag, 1982), 1: 395—7 (revd Fox) 7 ANTIN, MARY, The Promised Land (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1985), 2: 433-4 (revd Rischin) 8 ARAD, YITZHAK, Betzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1987), 5: 448-9 (revd Fox) 9 ——-GUTMAN, YISRAEL, and MARGALIOT, ABRAHAM (eds.), Documents on the Holocaust: Selected Sources on the Destruction of the Jews of Germany and Austria, Poland, and the Soviet Union Jerusalem: Yad Vashem; Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1981), 5: 448-9 (revd Fox) 10 ASCHHEIM, STEVEN E., Brothers and Strangers: The East European Jew in German and German Jewish Consciousness, 1800-1923 (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983), 1: 373-5 (revd Michalski) 11 ASTER, HOWARD, and POTICHNYJ, PETER J., Jewish-Ukrainian Relations: Two Solitudes (Oakville, Ont.: Mosaic Press, 1983), 3: 406—9 (revd Hurst) 12 AVINERI, SHLOMO, Moses Hess: Prophet of Communism and Zionism (New York and London: New York University Press, 1985), 3: 386-9 (revd Mishkinsky)

B 13 BACON, GERSHON C., The Politics of Tradition: Agudat Yisrael in Poland, 1916~—1939 (Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1996), 12: 362-3 (revd Tomaszewski) see also HUNDERT, GERSHON DAVID

164 Index of Books Reviewed 14 BARANSKI, KAMIL, Przemineli zagonczycy, chliborobi, chasydzi... Rzecz o ziemi stanistawowsko-kotomyjsko-stryjskiej (London: Panda Press, 1988), 5: 426-7 (revd Tomaszewski) 15 BARKANY, EUGEN, and poj¢, LUDOVIT, Zidovské ndbozZenské obce na Slovensku, ed. Vesna (Bratislava, 1991), 12: 330-5 (revd Bartosz) 16 BARSZCZEWSKA, LUDWIKA, and MILEWICZ, BOLESEAW (eds.), Wspomunienia o Januszu Korczaku (Instytut Badan Pedagogicznych, Zaktad Badan Systeméw Wychowawczych, Pracownia Korczakowska), 6: 319-23 (revd Hetnal) 17 BARTAL, ISRAEL, ELIOR, RACHEL, and SHMERUK, CHONE (eds.), Tsadikim ve anshei ma’aseh: Mehkarim behasidut polin Jerusalem: Mosad Bialik, 1994), 10: 344-7 (revd Brody) see also OPALSKI, MAGDALENA 18 BARTOSZEWSKI, WEADYSELAW, Das Warschauer Ghetto—wie es wirklich war. Zeugenbericht eines Christen (Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, 1983), 1: 395-7 (revd Fox) 19 —— Das Warschauer Ghetto—wie es wirklich war, 2nd edn. (Frankfurt am Main: S. Fischer, 1986); trans. Stephen G. Cappelari as The Warsaw Ghetto: A Christian's Testimony (Boston: Beacon, 1987), 4: 457-61 (revd Foot) 20 ——— Herbst der Hoffnungen, 4th edn. (Freiburg im Breisgau: Herder, 1986), 4: 457-61 (revd Foot) 21 —— Unseint vergossenes Blut (Frankfurt am Main: S. Fischer, 1987), 4: 457-61 (revd Foot) 22 ——— Wer ein Leben rettet, rettet die ganze Welt, 2nd edn. (Freiburg im Breisgau: Herder, 1987), 4: 457-61 (revd Foot) see also WIESEL, ELIE 23 BARTOSZEWSKI, WEADYSEAW T., and POLONSKY, ANTONY (eds.), The Jews in Warsaw: A History (Oxford and Cambridge, Mass.: Basil Blackwell, 1991), 9: 280-2 (revd Herlihy) 24 BAUER, YEHUDA, Jews for Sale? Nazi—Jewish Negotiations, 1933-1945 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994), 11: 296-311 (revd Burleigh) 25 BAUMAN, JANINA, Winter in the Morning: A Young Girl's Life in the Warsaw Ghetto and Beyond, 1939-1945 (London: Virago, 1986), 3: 425-9 (revd Wladyslaw Bartoszewski) 26 BAUMAN, ZYGMUNT, Modernity and the Holocaust (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1989), 11: 355-7 (revd Porter) 27 BEAUVOIS, DANIEL, Le Noble, le serfet le revizor: La Noblesse polonaise entre le tsarisme et les masses ukrainiennes (1831-1863) (Montreux: Edition des Archives Contemporaines, 1985); trans. Ewa and Krzysztof Rutkowski as Polacy na Ukrainie (1831-1863) (Biblioteka Kultury, 1987), 3: 343-47 (revd Rollet) 28 ——— Polacyna Ukrainie 1831-1863: Szlachta polska na Wotyniu, Podolu i KijowszczyZnie (Paris: Instytut Literacki, 1987), 3: 378-80 (revd Lewitter) 29 ——(ed.), Les Confins de l’'ancienne Pologne (Lille: Presses Universitaire, 1988), 3: 343-7 (revd Rollet) 30 BEIDER, ALEXANDER, A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from the Russian Empire (Teaneck, NJ: Avotaynu, 1993), 9: 289-94 (revd Wexler)

Index of Books Reviewed 165 31 BEN-ISRAEL, MENASSEH, The Hope of Israel, ed. Henri Méchoulan and Gérard Nahon (Oxford: Oxford University Press for the Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 1987), 5: 396-7 (revd Kochan) 32 BEN-SASSON, HAIM H. (ed.), A History of the Jewish People (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1976), 11: 312-18 (revd. Tomaszewski) BERENBAUM, MICHAEL, See GUTMAN, YISRAEL 33 BERG, MARY, Dziennik z getta warszawskiego, trans. Maria Salapska (Warsaw: Czytelnik, 1983), 1:316-26 (revd Wtadystaw Bartoszewski) 34 BERGER, DAVID (ed.), The Legacy of Jewish Migration: 1881 and its Impact (New York: Columbia University Press, 1983), 1: 370-3 (tevd Morawska) 35 BERGMAN, ALEKSANDRA, Sprawy biatoruskie w II Rzeczypospolitej (Warsaw: Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1984), 3: 343-47 (revd Rollet) 36 BERK, STEPHEN M., Year of Crisis, Year of Hope: Russian Jewry and the Pogroms of 1881-1882 (Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1985), 2: 424-5 (revd

Orbach) ,

37 BERKLEY, GEORGE E., Vienna and its Jews: The Tragedy of Success, 1880-1980s (Cambridge, Mass.: Abt Books, 1989), 5: 468-9 (revd Beller) 38 BERNSTEIN, MICHAEL ANDRE, Foregone Conclusions: Against Apocalyptic History (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994), 11: 296-311 (revd

Burleigh) |

39 BERSOHN, MATHIAS, Kilka stow o dawniejszych béznicach drewnianych w Polsce (1895-1903; repr. Warsaw: National Library, 1985), 2: 417-18 (revd Dawidowicz) 40 BIALE, DAVID, Eros and the Jews: From Biblical Israel to Contemporary America (New York: Basic Books, 1992), 9: 255-70 (revd Fishman) 41 BIBERSTEIN, ALEKSANDER, Zaglada Zydéw w Krakowie (Krakow: Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1985), 2: 458-60 (revd Scharf) 42 BIBO, ISTVAN, Selected Essays (Hungarian), 3 vols. (Budapest: Magveto, 1986), 11: 281-95 (revd. Braun)

43 BIRMINGHAM, STEPHEN, The Rest of Us: The Rise of American's Eastern | European Jews (London: Futura, 1985), 3: 399-400 (revd Morawska) 44 BODNAR, JOHN, The Transplanted: A History of Immigrants in Urban America (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985), 2: 434-6 (revd Lederhendler) 45 BOGUCKA, MARIA, and SAMSONOWICZ, HENRYK, DZieje miast i mieszczanstwa w Polsce przedrozbiorowej (Wroclaw, 1986), 5: 366-71 (revd Polanski) 46 BORN-BORNSTEIN, ROMAN, Powstanie Warszawskie: Wspomnienia (London: Poets and Painters Press, 1988), 5: 389-93 (revd Wtadystaw Bartoszewski) 47 BOROCHOV, BER, Class Struggle and the Jewish Nation: Selected Essays in Marxist Zionism (New Brunswick, NJ and London: Transaction Books, 1984), 2: 442—4 (revd Wistrich)

48 BOSHYK, YURY (ed.), Ukraine During World War II: History and its Aftermath. A Symposium (Edmonton: Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, University of Alberta, 1986), 8: 401-3 (revd Redlich) BOTZ, GERHARD, See OXAAL, IVAR BOYARIN, JONATHAN, See KUGELMASS, JACK

49 BRAHAM, RANDOLPH L. (ed.), The Treatment of the Holocaust in Textbooks: The Federal Republic of Germany, Israel, and the United States of America,

166 Index of Books Reviewed Social Science Monographs and Institute for Holocaust Studies of CUNY (Boulder, Colo.: Columbia University Press, 1987), 6: 316-18 (revd Bialystok) 50 BRAHAM, RANDOLPH L. (ed.), Jewish Leadership During the Nazi Era: Patterns of Behaviour in the Free World, Social Science Monographs and Institute for Holocaust Studies of CUNY (Boulder, Colo.: Columbia University Press, 1985), 2: 372-90 (revd Bryk) 51 ———(ed.), Perspectives on the Holocaust: The Hungarian Jewish Catastrophe, A Selected and Annotated Bibliography (New York: CUNY, 1984), 1: 389-91 (revd Roth) 52 ———and vAGO, BELA (eds.), The Holocaust in Hungary: Forty Years Later (New York: Columbia University Press, 1985), 2: 471-2 (revd M. Schmidt) 53 BROCKE, MICHAEL (ed.), Beter und Rebellen. Aus 1000 Jahren Judentum in Polen (Frankfurt am Main: Deutscher Koordinierungsrat der Gesellschaften fiir Christlich—Jiidische Zusammenarbeit, 1983), 3: 357 (revd Lowe) 54 BROMKE, ADAM, The Meaning and Uses of Polish History, East European Monographs (Boulder, Colo.: Columbia University Press, 1987), 5: 470 (revd Najder) 55 BRONSZTEJN, S., Zdziejow ludnosci zydowskiej na Dolnym Slqsku po drugiej wojnie Swiatowej (Wroctaw: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wroctawskiego, 1993), 10: 347-9 (revd Engel) 56 BROWNING, CHRISTOPHER R., Fateful Months: Essays on the Emergence of the Final Solution (New York and London: Holmes & Meier, 1985), 3: 416-21 (revd Nicholls) 57 BRZEZINA, MARIA, Polszczyzna Zydow (Warsaw and Krak6w: Pafistwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1986), 3: 444-8 (revd de Vincenz) 58 BUBER, MARTIN, Jhe Letters of Martin Buber: A Life of Dialogue, ed. Nahum N. Glatzer and Paul Mendes-Flohr (New York: Schocken Books, 1991), 9: 286-8 (revd M. Oppenheim) BUJAK, ADAM, Se@ WIESEL, ELIE

59 BURLEIGH, MICHAEL, Germany Turns Eastwards: A Study of Ostforschung in the Third Reich (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988), 5: 437-9

(revd Bramwell) ,

60 BURRIN, PHILIPPE, Hitler and the Jews: The Genesis of the Holocaust (London: Edward Arnold, 1994), 11: 296-311 (revd Burleigh)

C 61 CALA, ALINA, Asymilacja Zyd6w w Krélestwie Polskim (1864-1897): Postawy, konflikty, stereotypy (Warsaw: Panstwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1989), 8: 325-9 (revd Blejwas) CAPPELARI, STEPHEN G., See BARTOSZEWSKI, WLADYSLAW 62 CAUMANS, UTA, Die polnischen Jesuiten, der Przeglad Powszechny unde der politische Katholizismus in der Zweiten Republik. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Katolischen Presse Polens zwischen den Weltkriegen (1918-1939) (Dortmund: Forschungstelle Ostmitteleuropa, 1996), 12: 347-9 (revd Tomaszewski) 63 CHASKIELEWICZ, STEFAN, Ukrywatem sie w Warszawie (styczen 1943-styczen 1945) (Krakéw: Spoteczny Instytut Wydawniczy ZNAK, 1988), 5: 389-93 (revd Wtadystaw Bartoszewski)

Index of Books Reviewed 167 64 CHLEBOWCZYK, JOZEF, Miedzy dyktatek, realiamia prawem do samostanowienia (Warsaw, 1988), 5: 413-15 (revd Basista) 65 CLARK, CHRISTOPHER, The Politics of Conversion: Missionary Protestantism and the Jews in Prussia, 1728-1941 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995), 11: 348-50 (revd Levenson) 66 CLAUSSEN, DETLEV, Grenzen der Aufkldrung. Zur gesellschaftlichen Geschichte des modernen Antisemitismus (Frankfurt: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, 1987), 5: 483-5 (revd Léwe) 67 —— Vom Judenhass zum Antisemitismus. Materialen einer verleugneten Geschichte (Darmstadt/Neuwied: Sammlung Luchterhand, 1987), 5: 483-5 (revd Lowe) 68 COHEN, RICHARD I., The Burden of Conscience: French Jewry’s Response to the Holocaust (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1987), 3: 436-8 (revd Atkin) 69 COHEN, SUSAN SARAH (ed.), Antisemitism: An Annotated Bibliography, vol. i (New York and London: Garland, 1987), 5: 481-2 (revd Fox) 70 CORRSIN, STEPHEN D., Warsaw before the First World War: Poles and Jews in the Third City of the Russian Empire 1880-1914, East European Monographs (Boulder, Colo.: Columbia University Press, 1989), 8: 388-92 (revd Kieniewicz) 71 COUTOUVIDIS, JOHN, and REYNOLDS, JAIME, Poland, 1939-1947 (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1986), 3: 431-3 (revd Garlifski)

D 72 DAGAN, AVIGDOR, HIRSCHLER, GERTRUDE, and WEINER, LEWIS (eds.), The Jews of Czechoslovakia: Historical Studies and Surveys (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1984), 1: 376-7 (revd Brod) 73 DARSHAN, DAVID, Shir hama alot ledavid and Ketav hitnatselut ledarshanim (Cincinnati, Oh.: Hebrew Union College Press, 1984), 1: 361-2 (revd Jacobs) 74 DAVID, ABRAHAM (ed.), A Hebrew Chronicle from Prague, c.1615 (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1993), 10: 350-1 (revd Davis) 75 DAVIES, NORMAN, Heart of Europe: A Short History of Poland (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984), 1: 336-7 (revd Lewitter) 76 ———and POLONSKY, ANTONY (eds.), Jews in Eastern Poland and the USSR, 1939-1946 (London: Macmillan, 1991), 10: 351-3 (revd Subtelny) 77 DAWIDOWICZ, LUCY S., The Golden Tradition: Jewish Life and Thought in Eastern Europe (New York: Schocken, 1984), 2: 412-14 (revd Tomaszewski) 78 DEBSKI, JERZY, etal. (eds.), Death Books from Auschwitz, 3 vols. (New Providence, London, and Paris: K. G. Saur, 1995), 11:351—4 (revd Ambrosiewicz-Jacobs) DENKLER, HORST, see HORCH, HANS OTTO 79 DOBROSZYCKI, LUCJAN (ed.), The Chronicle of the Lodz Ghetto 1941-1944 (New Haven, Conn. and London: Yale University Press, 1984), 1: 403-7 (revd

Fox) ,

DOJC, LUDOVIT, seێ BARKANY, EUGEN

168 Index of Books Reviewed I; 80 EBENBAUER, ALFRED, and ZATLOUKAL, KLAUS (eds.), Die Juden in ihrer mittelalterlichen Umwelt (Vienna and Cologne: Bohlau, 1991), 9: 271-4 (revd Lotter) 81 ECKARDT, ALICE L. (ed.), Burning Memory: Times of Testing and Reckoning (Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1993), 9: 295-6 (revd Conway) 82 EISEN, ARNOLD, Galut: Modern Jewish Reflection on Homelessness and Homecoming (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1986), 3: 366-9

(revd H. Goldberg) ,

83-5 EISENBACH, ARTUR, Emancypacja Zydow na ziemiach polskich 1780-1870 na tle europejskim (Warsaw: Panstwowy Instytut Wydawniczy, 1988), 5: 405-8 (revd Leslie) [83]; 10: 321—5 (revd Gasowski) [84]; English edn., The Emancipation of the Jews in Poland, 1780-1870 (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1991), 10: 353-5 (revd Rozenblit) [85] 86 EISLER, JERZY, Marzec 1968 (Warsaw: PWN, 1991) 11: 319-26 (revd Lewandowski) ELIOR, RACHEL, Se€ BARTAL, ISRAEL

87 ENGEL, DAVID, Jn the Shadow of Auschwitz: The Polish Government-in-Exile and the Jews, 1939-1942 (Chapel Hill, NC and London: University of North Carolina Press, 1987), 8: 330-44 (revd Stola) 88 ENGELKING, BARBARA, Na tqce popiotow: Ocaleni z Holocaustu (Warsaw: Cyktady, 1993), 10: 355-8 (revd Krakowski) s9 —— Zagtada i pamiec (Warsaw: Wydawnictwo IFiS PAN, 1994), 10: 358-9 (revd Werbowski) 90 ERB, RAINER (ed.), Die Legende vom Ritualmord. Zur Geschichte der Blutbeschuldigung gegen Juden (Berlin: Metropol Verlag, 1993), 11: 338-40 (revd Tomaszewski) 91 ERTEL, RACHEL, Le Shtetl: La Bourgade juive de Pologne de la tradition a la modernité (Paris: Payot, 1982), 1: 409-11 (revd W. T. Bartoszewski) 92 ETTINGER, ELZBIETA, Rosa Luxemburg: A Life (Boston: Beacon Press, 1986), 3: 396-8 (revd Almond)

2 93 FAESSLER, PETER, HELD, THOMAS, and SAWITZKI, DIRK (eds.), Lemberg-Lwow-Lviv. Eine Stadt im Schnittpunkt europdischer Kulturen (Cologne: B6hlau Verlag, 1993), 10: 360—2 (revd Magocsi) 94 FASCHING, DARRELL J., The Ethical Challenge of Auschwitz and Hiroshima: Apocalypse or Utopia? (Albany, NY: SUNY Press, 1993), 10: 362-4 (revd

Umansky) 95 FETTKE, DIETER, Juden und Nichtjuden im 16. und 17. Jahrhundert in Polen. Soziale und 6konomische Beziehungen in Responsen polnischer Rabbiner (Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 1986), 5: 394-6 (revd Tazbir) 96 FICOWSKI, JERZY (ed.), Letters and Drawings of Bruno Schulz (New York: Harper & Row, 1988), 5: 430-2 (revd Weihe) 97 FIJALKOWSKI, P. (ed.), Dzieje Zyd6w w Polsce: Wyb6r tekst6w Zrédtowych, XI-XVIII wieku (Warsaw: Zydowski Instytut Historyczny w Polsce, n.d.), 10: 364-7 (revd Kalik)

Index of Books Reviewed 169 98 FINK, IDA, A Scrap of Time and Other Stories (Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press, 1995), 12: 353-5 (revd Klein) 99 FISHMAN, DAVID E., Russia’s First Modern Jews: The Jews of Shklov (New York: New York University Press, 1995), 10: 367-8 (revd Lederhendler) 100 FIUT, ALEKSANDER, Ihe Eternal Moment: The Poetry of Czestaw Mitosz (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990), 6: 309-11 (revd Bailey) 101 FRANKEL, JONATHAN, Ihe Damascus Affair, ‘Ritual Murder’, Politics and the Jews in 1840 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997), 12: 343—5 (revd Tomaszewski) FRIEDLANDER, SAUL, See WIPPERMANN, WOLFGANG

G 102 Gal-Ed: On the History of Polish Jews, vol. 9 (Tel Aviv: Diaspora Research Institute, 1986), 5: 464-6 (revd Baker) 103. Gal-Ed, vol. 10 (Tel Aviv: Diaspora Research Institute, 1987), 5: 467 (revd Kochan) 104 GARLICKA, ANNA, Polska—Jugostawia, 1934-1939 (Wroctaw: Ossolineum, 1977), 3: 343-7 (revd Rollet) 105 GARLINSKI, JOZEF (ed.), W Czterdziestq Rocznice: Agonia, walka i Smieré warszawskiego getta (London: Polska Fundacja Kulturalna, 1983), 2: 464-6 (revd Hanson) 1066 GILBERT, MARTIN, The Holocaust: The Jewish Tragedy (London: Collins, 1986), 2: 372-90 (revd Bryk) 107 GILMAN, SANDER L., Jewish Self-Hatred: Anti-Semitism and the Hidden Language of the Jews (Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986), 2: 453-6 (revd Robertson) 108 —— The Jew’s Body (New York: Routledge, 1991), 9: 255-70 (revd Fishman) 109 GITLER-BARSKI, JOZEF, Przezycia i wspomnienia z lat okupacji (Wroclaw, 1986), 4: 449-56 (revd Hetnal) GLATZER, NAHUM N., Se@ BUBER, MARTIN 110 GOLB, NORMAN, and PRITSAK, OMELJAN, Khazarian Hebrew Documents of the Tenth Century (Ithaca, NY and London: Cornell University Press, 1982),

| 3: 335-42 (revd Poppe)

111 GOLDBERG, JACOB (ed.), Jewish Privileges in the Polish Commonwealth:

& 112 Charters of Rights Granted to Jewish Communities in Poland-Lithuania in

| the Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries Jerusalem: Israel Academy of Sciences , and Humanities, 1985), 1:351—4 (revd Horn) [111]; 1: 355-7 (revd Hundert) [112]

113 GOLDBERG, S. A., Les Deux Rives du Yabbok: La Maladie et la mort dans le

! Judaisme ashkenaze (Paris, 1989), 5: 397-9 (revd Tollet) | 114 GOLDHAGEN, DANIEL JONAH, Hitler’s Willing Executioners: Ordinary Germans and the Holocaust (New York and London: Little Brown, 1996), 11: 296-311 (revd Burleigh)

| 115 GOLDSCHEIDER, CALVIN, and ZUCKERMAN, ALAN S., The Transformation of the Jews (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984), 3: 369-72 (revd H. Goldberg)

| GOLDSTEIN, DAVID, See WEISS, JOSEPH

170 Index of Books Reviewed 116 GORDON, LINDA, Cossack Rebellions: Social Turmoil in the Sixteenth-Century Ukraine (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1983), 1: 337-8 (revd Wojcik) 117 GROSS, JAN T., Revolution from Abroad: The Soviet Conquest of Poland’s Western Ukraine and Western Belorussia (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1988), 8: 396-8 (revd Engel) see also GRUDZINSKA-GROSS, IRENA 118 GROSS, NAHUM (ed.), Yehudim bakalkalah Jerusalem: Zalman Shazar Center, 1985), 2: 404-7 (revd Litman) 119 GROSS, NATAN, Poecii Szoa (Sosnowiec: OFFMAX, 1993), 11: 375-8 (revd Clark) 120 GRUDZINSKA-GROSS, IRENA, and GROSS, JAN TOMASzZ (eds.), War Through Children’s Eyes: The Soviet Occupation of Poland and the Deportations, 1939-1941 (Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1985), 3: 433-6 (revd Almond) 121 GRUZENBERG, O. O., Yesterday: Memoirs of a Russian-Jewish Lawyer (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1981), 1: 369-70 (revd Seltzer) 122 GRYNBERG, HENRYK, Children of the Holocaust (Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press, 1995), 11: 378-80 (revd Greenstein) 123. ——(ed.), Pamietnik Marti Koper (Krakéw: Znak, 1993), 11: 375-8 (revd Clark) 124 GRYNBERG, MICHAE (ed.), Pamietniki z getta warszawskiego: Fragmenty i regesty (Warsaw: Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe with the Jewish Historical Institute, 1988), 5: 450-2 (revd Hetnal) 125 GUTMAN, YISRAEL, Hayehudim befolin aharei milhemet ha’olam hasheniyah Jerusalem: Zalman Shazar Center, 1985), 6: 323-4 (revd Shapiro) 126 —— The Jews of Warsaw 1939-1943: Ghetto, Underground, Revolt (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1982), 1: 398-400 (revd Wynot) 127 ———and BERENBAUM, MICHAEL (eds.), Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp, comp. and ed. Teresa Swiebocka (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994), 10: 339-43 (revd Tec)

, seealso ARAD, YITZHAK

H 128 HABERER, ERICH, Jews and Revolution in Nineteenth-Century Russia (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), 12: 345-7 (revd Freeze) 129 HACKETT, DAVID (ed.), The Buchenwald Report (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1995), 11: 296-311 (revd Burleigh) 130 HADDA, JANET, Passionate Women, Passive Men: Suicide in Yiddish Literature (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1988), 8: 415-17 (revd Quercioli-Mincer) 131 Hamburger Institut fur Sozialforschung, Die Auschwitz-Hefte. Text der polnischen Zeitschrift ‘Przeglqd Lekarski tiber historische, psychische und medizinische Aspekte des Lebens und Sterbens in Auschwitz, ed. Jochen August (Weinheim and Basel: Beltz Verlag, 1987), 5: 446-8 (revd Fox) 132 HELD, JOSEPH (ed.), The Columbia History of Eastern Europe in the Twentieth Century (New York: Columbia University Press, 1992), 10: 369-70 (revd Livezeanu) HELD, THOMAS, Se€ FAESSLER, PETER

Index of Books Reviewed 171 133 HEYDECKER, JOE J., The Warsaw Ghetto: A Wartime Photographic Record (London: I. B. Tauris, 1989), 5: 385-8 (revd Wtadystaw Bartoszewski) 134 ‘Historikerstreit’. Die Dokumentation der Kontroverse um die Einzigartigkeit der national sozialistischen Judenvernichtung (Munich: Piper, 1987), 3: 421-2 (revd Pulzer) 135 HILBERG, RAUL, The Destruction of the European Jews, 2nd edn. (New York: Holmes & Meier, 1985), 1: 391-5 (revd Cohen) 136 —— Unerbetene Errinerung. Der Weg eines Holocaust Forschers (Frankfurt am Main: S. Fischer Verlag, 1994), 11: 296-311 (revd Burleigh) HIRSCHLER, GERTRUDE, See DAGAN, AVIGDOR 137 HORAK, S. M. etal. Eastern European National Minorities, 1919-1980 (Littleton, Colo.: Libraries Unlimited, 1985), 1: 340-2 (revd Smith) 138 HORCH, HANS OTTO, and DENKLER, HORST (eds.), Conditio Judaica: Judentum, Antisemitismus und deutschsprachige Literatur vom 18. Jahrhundert bis zum Ersten Weltkrieg (Tiibingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag, 1988-9), 5: 402-5 (revd Pulzer) i139 HORN, MAURYCY (ed.), Regesty dokumentow i ekscerpty z Metryki Koronnej do historii Zydow w Polsce 1697-1795, vol. i: Czasy saskie (1697-1763); vol. ii: Rzqdy Stanistawa Augusta (1764-1795), pt. 1: 1764-1779 (Warsaw:

Ossolineum, 1984), 1: 358-9 (revd Hetnal) ,

140 HOROWITZ, GORDON J., In the Shadow of Death, Living Outside the Gates of Mauthausen (London: Collier Macmillan, 1991), 11: 296-311 (revd Burleigh) 141 HROCH, MIROSLAV, Social Preconditions of National Revival in Europe: A Comparative Analysis of the Social Composition of Patriotic Groups Among the Smaller European Nations (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985), 3: 401-3 (revd Hurst) 1422 HUNDERT, GERSHON DAVID, The Jews ina Polish Private Town: The Case of Opatéw in the Eighteenth Century (Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992), 8: 382-4 (revd Opalski) 148 ——-and BACON, GERSHON C. (eds.), The Jews in Poland and Russia: Bibliographical Essays (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1984), 1: 418-19 (revd Seltzer) 144 HURWIC—-NOWAKOWSKA, IRENA, ASocial Analysis of Postwar Polish Jewry Jerusalem: Zalman Shazar Center for Jewish History, 1986), 3: 438-42 (revd Z. Bauman)

]|

145 IGGERS, WILMA ABELES (ed.), The Jews of Bohemia and Moravia: A Historical Reader (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1992), 12: 349-51 (revd

Tomaszewski) 146 INSDORF, ANNETTE, Indelible Shadows: Film and the Holocaust (New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989), 6: 314-16 (revd Coates) 147 IRWIN-ZARECKA, IWONA, Neutralizing Memory: The Jew in Contemporary Poland (New Brunswick, NJ and Oxford: Transaction Books, 1989), 9: 299-302 (revd Cata) 148 ISRAEL, JONATHAN I., European Jewry in the Age of Mercantilism: 1550-1750 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985), 2: 407-12 (revd Hundert)

172 Index of Books Reviewed JABLONSKA, RENATA, See REICHER, EDWARD 149 JACOBSON, Y., La Pensée hassidique (Paris, 1989), 5: 399-402 (revd Tollet) 150 JADACKI, JACEK J., and MARKIEWICZ, BARBARA (eds.), ‘A mgdroSci zto nie przemoze’ (Warsaw: Polskie Towarzystwo Filozoficzne, 1993), 11: 350-1 (revd Basista) JANKOWSKI, STANISLAW M., S€@ WOOD, E. THOMAS 151 JAWORSKA, JANINA, Henryka Becka, ‘Bunkier 1944 roku’ (Wroctaw:

Ossolineum, 1982), 2: 464-6 (revd Hanson) 152 JEDLICKI, JERZY, Jakiej cywilazacji Polacy potrzebujq: Studia z dziejow idei i wyobrazni XIX wieku. Part of Polska XIX 1 XX wieku: Dzieje spoteczne, ed.

Janusz Zarnowski (Warsaw: Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1988), 6: 329-33 (revd Hetnal) 153 JERSCH-WENZEL, STEFI (ed.), Deutsche Polen Juden. Ihre Beziehungen von den Anfdangen bis ins 20. Jahrhundert. Beitrdge zu einer Tagung (Berlin: Colloquium Verlag, 1987), 3: 358-60 (revd Léwe) 154 ‘Jews in Poland’ Exhibition (Krak6w: National Museum, June—Oct. 1989), 7: 313-33 (revd Zyga) 155 JEZIERSKI, ANDRZEJ (ed.), Historia Polski w liczbach: Ludnosé terytorium (Warsaw: Glowny Urzad Statystyczny, 1993), 11: 337-8 (revd Basista) 156 JUDGE, EDWARD H., Easter in Kishinev: Anatomy of a Pogrom (New York: New York University Press, 1992), 10: 370-2 (revd Tomaszewski)

K 157 KAMPE, NORBERT, Studenten und Judenfrage’ im Deutschen Kaiserreich: Die Entstehung einer akademischen Trdgerschicht des Antisemitismus (G6ttingen: Vandenhoek und Ruprecht, 1988), 5: 402-5 (revd Pulzer) 158 KARAS, JOZA, Music in Terezin 1941-1945 (New York: Beaufort Books, 1985), 3: 429-31 (revd Fuks) 159 KARAY, FELICJA, Death Comes in Yellow: Skarzysko—Kamienna Slave Labour Camp, trans. from the Hebrew by Sara Kitai (Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1996), 11: 361—5 (revd Bialystok) 160 KATZ, JACOB (ed.), Toward Modernity: The European Jewish Model (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books, 1987), 3: 383-6 (revd Sorkin) 161 KATZ, STEVEN T., The Holocaust in Historical Context: The Holocaust and Mass Death Before the Modern Age (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994), 11: 296-311 (revd Burleigh) 162 KATZNELSON, YITZHAK, Yitzhak Katznelson: Yidishe getoksovim. Varshe 1940-1943, ed. Yechiel Szeintuch (Tel Aviv: Ghetto Fighters’ House and Hakibuts Hame’uchad, 1984), 1: 401-2 (revd Roskies) 163 KELLER, ULRICH (ed.), Fotografien aus dem Warschauer Getto (Berlin: Dirk Nishen Verlag, 1987), 5: 385-8 (revd Wtadystaw Bartoszewski) 164 KERSHAW, IAN, The ‘Hitler Myth’: Image and Reality in the Third Reich (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1987), 4: 467-73 (revd Reiche) 165 KIEVAL, HILLEL J., The Making of Czech Jewry: National Conflict and Jewish Society in Bohemia, 1870-1918 (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988), 5: 420-3 (revd Tomaszewski)

Index of Books Reviewed 173 166 KLANSKA, MARIA, Problemfeld Galizien in deutschsprachiger Prosa 1846-1914 (Vienna and Cologne: Béhlau, 1991), 9: 282—4 (revd J. Schmidt) 167 KLEE, ERNST, ‘Euthanasie’ im NS-Staat: Die ‘Vernichtung lebensunwerten Lebens’ (Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, 1985), 5: 440-3 (revd Burleigh) 168 —— Was sie taten—Was sie wurden. Arzte, Juristen und andere Beteiligte am Kranken- oder Judenmord (Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, 1986), 5: 443-6 (revd Burleigh) 169 KLEEBLATT, NORMAN L. (ed.), The Dreyfus Affair: Art, Truth, and Justice (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987), 5: 423-5 (revd Cubitt) 170 KLIER, JOHN DOYLE, Russia Gathers her Jews: The Origins of the Jewish Question’ in Russia, 1772-1825 (Dekalb, Ill.: Northern Illinois University Press, 1986), 3: 380-3 (revd Lederhendler) 171 KLOCZOWSKI, JERZY (ed.), Histoire religieuse de la Pologne (Paris: Le Centurion, 1987), 3: 360-2 (revd Kingdon) 172 KOSSOY, EDWARD, and OHRY, ABRAHAM, The Feldshers: Medical, Sociological, and Historical Aspects of Practitioners of Medicine with Below University Level Education Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1992), 10: 372—4 (revd L. Epstein) 173 KOWALSKA, IRENA, and MERZAN, IDA, Rottenbergowie znad Buga (Warsaw; Ludowa Spétdzielnia Wydawnicza, 1989), 11: 371-5 (revd Clarke) 174 KRAKOWSKI, SHMUEL, The War of the Doomed: Jewish Armed Resistance in Poland, 1942-1944 (New York: Holmes & Meier, 1984), 2: 460-2 (revd Foot) 175 KRALL, HANNA, Sublokatorka (Paris: Librairie Libella SARL, 1985), 2: 466-70 (revd Steinlauf ) 176 KUBAR, ZOFIA S., Double Identity: AMemoir (New York: Hill & Wang, 1989), 5: 456-8 (revd J. Bauman) 177 KUBIJOVYC, WOLODYMYR, Etnichni hrupy pivdennozakhidnot Ukrainy (Halychyny) na 1. 1. 1939: Natsionalna statystyka Halychyny (Wiesbaden: Otto Harrasowitz, 1983), 3: 404-6 (revd Tomaszewski) 178 KUGELMASS, JACK, and BOYARIN, JONATHAN (ed. and trans.), Froma Ruined Garden: The Memorial Books of Polish Jewry (New York: Schocken Books, 1983), 1: 407-9 (revd W. T. Bartoszewski) 179 KULKA, OTTO DOV, and MENDES-FLOHR, PAUL R. (eds.), Judaism and Christianity Under the Impact of National Socialism Jerusalem: Historical Society of Israel and the Zalman Shazar Center for Jewish History, 1987), 5: 462-3 (revd Fox) 180 KUSHNER, TONY, The Holocaust and Liberal Imagination (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1994), 11: 296-311 (revd Burleigh) 181 KWIET, KONRAD (ed.), From the Emancipation to the Holocaust: Essays on Jewish Literature and History in Central Europe (University of New South Wales, 1987), 5: 427-9 (revd Burleigh)

L 182 LANGBEIN, HERMANN, Against All Hope: Resistance in the Nazi Concentration Camps, 1938-1945 (New York: Paragon House, 1994), 11: 296-311 (revd Burleigh)

174 Index of Books Reviewed 183 LERSKI, G. J.,.and LERSKI, H. T. (comp.), Jewish—Polish Coexistence, 1772-1939: A Topical Bibliography (New York, Westport, Conn., and London: Greenwood Press, 1986), 3: 372-6 (revd Gasowski) 184 LESKOV, NIKOLAI S., The Jews in Russia: Some Notes on the Jewish Question, ed. and trans. Harold Klassel Schefski (Princeton, NJ: Kingston Press, n.d.), 5: 411-12 (revd Léwe) 185 LEVENE, MARK, War, Jews, and the New Europe: The Diplomacy of Lucien Wolf, 1914-1919 (Oxford: Oxford University Press for the Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 1992), 10: 374-6 (revd Tomaszewski) LEVIN, EDWARD, Se€ NIGAL, GEDALYAH 186 LEWANDOWSKI, JOZEF, Cztery dni w Atlantydzie (Uppsala: Ex Libris, 1991), 12: 307-15 (revd Korek) 187 LEWIN, ABRAHAM, A Cup of Tears: A Diary of the Warsaw Ghetto, ed. Antony Polonsky (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988), 5: 453-5 (revd Marrus) 188 LEWIN, ISAAC, The Jewish Community in Poland (New York: Philosophical

Library, 1985), 3: 363-5 (revd Basista) _ 189 LIPSTADT, DEBORAH, Beyond Belief: The American Press and the Coming of the Holocaust, 1933-1945 (New York: Free Press, 1986), 2: 372-90 (revd Bryk) 190 LITMAN, JACOB, The Economic Role of Jews in Medieval Poland (Lanham, New York, and London: University Press of America, 1984), 3: 362-3 (revd Basista) 191 LOWENSTEIN, STEVEN M., The Berlin Jewish Community: Enlightenment, Family and Crisis, 1770-1830 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994),

10: 377-9 (revd Hyman) !

Bryk)

192 LUKAS, RICHARD, Forgotten Holocaust: The Poles under German Occupation, 1939-1944 (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1986), 2: 372-90 (revd LUSTIGER, JEAN-MARIE, S€€ WIESEL, ELIE 193 LUZ, EHUD, Makbilim nifgashim (Tel Aviv: Am Oved, 1985), 2: 444-7 (revd Goldstein)

M 194 MAGOCSI, PAUL ROBERT, Historical Atlas of East Central Europe (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1993), 10: 379-81 (revd Longworth) 195 MAHLER, RAPHAEL, Hasidism and the Jewish Enlightenment (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1985), 1: 362-6 (revd RapoportAlbert) 196 MAIER, CHARLES S., The Unmasterable Past: History, Holocaust, and German National Identity (Cambridge, Mass., and London: Harvard University Press, 1988), 4: 467-73 (revd Reiche) 197 MAKOWER, HENRYK, Pamietnik z getta warszawskiego pazdziernik 1940-styczen 1943, ed. Noemi Makower (Wroctaw, 1987), 4: 449-56 (revd

Hetnal)

MAKOWER, NOEMI, See MAKOWER, HENRYK 198 MALINOWSKI, JERZY, Grupa Jung Idysz’ i zydowskie srodowisko ‘Nowej Sztuki’

w Polsce (Warsaw: Polska Akademia Nauk, Instytut Sztuki, 1987), 8: 413-15

(revd Michalski) ,

Index of Books Reviewed 175 199 MANN, VIVIAN B. (ed.), Gardens and Ghettos: The Art of Jewish Life in Italy (Berkeley, Los Angeles, and Oxford: University of California Press, 1989),

8: 407-10 (revd Chrzanowski) 200 MARCUS, JOSEPH, Social and Political History of the Jews in Poland, 1919-1939 (Berlin, New York, and Amsterdam: Mouton Publishers, 1983), 1: 382-7 (revd Holzer) MARGALIOT, ABRAHAM, Se€ ARAD, YITZHAK

201 MARIANSKI, M. and M., Wsr6d przyjaciol i wrogdw: Poza gettem w okupowanym Krakowie (Krak6w: Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1988), 5: 389-93 (revd Wtadystaw Bartoszewski) MARKIEWICZ, BARBARA, S€€ JADACKI, JACEK J.

202 MARRUS, MICHAEL R., The Holocaust in History (Toronto: Lester & Orpen Dennys, 1987), 5: 432-5 (revd Bialystok) 203 MASSING, PAUL W., Vorgeschichte des politischen Antisemitismus (Frankfurt am Main: Europaische Verlagsanstalt, 1986), 3: 389-90 (revd Pulzer) 204 MAURER, JADWIGA, Zmatki obcej...’: Szkic o powigzaniach Mickiewicza ze Swiatem Zydéw (London: Polska Fundacja Kulturalna, 1990), 9: 276-9 (revd Clark) 205 MAURER, TRUDE, Ostjuden in Deutschland 1918-1933 (Hamburg: Hans Christians Verlag, 1986), 4: 434-7 (revd Pulzer) 206 MAYER, ARNO J., Why Did the Heavens Not Darken? The Final Solution in History (New York: Pantheon Books, 1988), 5: 435-6 (revd N. Stone) 207 McCAGG, WILLIAM O. Jr., A History of Habsburg Jews, 1670-1918 (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1989), 5: 415-20 (revd Hurst) 208 MEDUCKI, STANISLAW, and WRONA, ZENON (eds.), Antyzydowskie

wydarzenia kieleckie, 4 lipca 1946: Dokumenty i materiaty (Kielce: Kieleckie , Towarzystwo Naukowe, 1992), 9: 302-4 (revd Szaynok) 209 MENDELSOHN, EZRA, The Jews of East Central Europe Between the Two World Wars (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1983), 1: 379-82 (revd Tomaszewski) MENDES-FLOHR, PAUL R., See BUBER, MARTIN; KULKA, OTTO DOV MERZAN, IDA, S@@ KOWALSKA, IRENA

210 MICHALEWICZ, JERZY, Z ydowskie okregi metrykalne i zydowskie gminy wyznaniowe w Galicji (Krak6w: Ksiegarnia Akademicka, 1995), 12: 355-8 (revd Piotr Wrdébel) 211 MICHALSKI, JERZY (ed.), Lud zydowski w narodzie polskim: Materialy sesji naukowej w Warszawie, 15-16 Wrzesien 1992 (Warsaw: Instytut Historil Polskiej, Akademii Nauk, and the Center for Research on the History and Culture of Polish Jews, Hebrew University, 1994), 10: 381-3 (revd D. Stone) MILEWICZ, BOLESELAW, Se€ BARSZCZEWSKA, LUDWIKA

212 MOORE, CLARE (ed.), The Visual Dimension: Aspects of Jewish Art (Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1993), 10: 383-6 (revd M. M. Epstein) MYERS, SONDRA, Se€ RITTNER, CAROL

N 213 NAJDUS, WALENTYNA, Ignacy Daszynski, 1866-1936 (Warsaw: Czytelnik, 1988), 8: 384-7 (revd Hetnal)

176 Index of Books Reviewed 214 NEHER, ANDRE, Jewish Thought and the Scientific Revolution of the Sixteenth Century: David Gans (1541-1613) and his Times (Oxford: Oxford University Press for the Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 1986), 5: 396 (revd Kochan) 215 NELKEN, HALINA, Images ofa Lost World: Jewish Motifs in Polish Painting, 1770-1945 (Oxford: Institute for Polish—Jewish Studies, 1991), 8: 404—7 (revd Cohen) 216 NETZER, SHLOMO, Ma‘avak yehudei polin al zekhuyotehem haezrahiyot vehaleumiyot (1918-1922) (Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University Press, 1980), 1: 388-9 (revd Bacon) NIBORSKI, YITZHOK, Se@ WIEVIORKA, ANNETTE 217 NIEZABITOWSKA, MALGORZATA, and TOMASZEWSKI, TOMASZ, Remnants: The Last Jews of Poland (New York: Friendly Press, 1986), 4: 474-81 (revd

Kugelmass) 218 NIGAL, GEDALYAH, Magic, Mysticism, and Hasidism, trans. Edward Levin (Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson, 1994), 10: 386-8 (revd Magid) 219 NITZAN, SHMUEL (ed.), Tenuat deror begalitsiyah (Tel Aviv: Beit Lohamei Hagetaot and Hakibuts Hame’uhad, 1984), 2: 447-50 (revd I. Oppenheim)

P, O

OHRY, ABRAHAM, See KOSSOY, EDWARD

220 OPALSKI, MAGDALENA, The Jewish Tavern-Keeper and his Tavern in Nineteenth-Century Polish Literature Jerusalem: Center for Research on the History and Culture of Polish Jews and the Zalman Shazar Center, 1986), 2: 418-20 (revd Leslie) 221 ———-and BARTAL, ISRAEL, Poles and Jews: A Failed Brotherhood (Hanover, NH: Brandeis University Press, 1992), 10: 388-91 (revd Friedberg) 222 OPPENHEIM, ISRAEL, Tenuat hehaluts bepolin, 1929-1939 (Beer Sheva: Hamerkaz Lemoreshet Ben-Gurion and Hotsa’at Hasefarim shel Universitat Ben-Gurion baNegev, 1993), 9: 284—6 (revd Raider) 223 OUAKNIN, M. A., Le Livre briilé: Lire le Talmud (Paris, 1986), 3: 376-7 (revd Tollet) 224 OXAAL, IVAR, POLLAK, MICHAEL, and BOTZ, GERHARD (eds.), Jews, Antisemitism and Culture in Vienna (London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1987), 4: 434-7 (revd Pulzer)

225 PEARSON, RAYMOND, National Minorities in Eastern Europe, 1848-1945 (London: Macmillan, 1983), 1: 340—2 (revd Smith) 226 PERECHODNIK, CALEL, Czy ja jestem mordercg?, ed. Pawel Szapiro (Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Karta, 1993), 12: 316-29 (revd Engel) 227 PIASECKI, HENRYK, Sekcja Zydowska PPSD i Zydowska Partia SocjalnoDemokratyczna 1892-1919/20 (Wroclaw: Zaktad Narodowy im. Ossolinskich with the Zydowski Instytut Historyczny, 1983), 2: 440-2 (revd Leslie) 228 PINCHUK, BEN-CION, Shtetl Jews Under Soviet Rule: Eastern Poland on the Eve of the Holocaust (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1990), 6: 311-14 (revd Tomaszewski)

Index of Books Reviewed 177 229 POLEN, NEHEMIA, The Holy Fire: The Teachings of Rabbi Kalonymous Kalman Shapira, the Rebbe of the Warsaw Ghetto (Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson, 1995), 12: 351-3 (revd Giller) 230 POLLACK, MARTIN, Nach Galizien. Von Chassiden, Huzulen, Polen und Ruthenen (Vienna and Munich: Christian Brandstetter Verlag, 1984), 3: 391-4 (revd de Vincenz) POLLAK, MICHAEL, Se@€ OXAAL, IVAR POLONSKY, ANTONY, Se@ BARTOSZEWSKI, WLADYSELAW; DAVIES,

NORMAN; LEWIN, ABRAHAM

231 Polska Sztuka Ludowa, 43/ 1-2 (1989) (special issue on Jewish culture and folk art), 8: 410-13 (revd Chrzanowski) POTICHNYJ, PETER J., See ASTER, HOWARD PRITSAK, OMELJAN, See GOLB, NORMAN

232 PROKOP-JANIEC, EUGENIA, Miedzywojenna literatura polsko-zydowska jako zjawisko kulturowe i artystyczne (Krak6w: Universitas, 1992), 10: 391-6 (revd Kisler-Goldstein) 233 PRUS, EDWARD, Whadyka Swietojurski: Rzecz o arcybiskupie Andrzeju Szeptyckim (1865-1944) (Warsaw: Instytut Wydawniczy Zwiazk6w Zawodowych, 1985), 3: 409-16 (revd Redlich) 234 PRUSSAK, MARIA (ed.), Swiat pod kontrolg. Wybor materialéw z archiwum cenzury rosyjskiej w Warszawie (Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Krag, 1994), 11: 334-6 (revd Shmeruk)

R 235 RABA, JOEL, Bein zikaron lehakhehashah: Gezerot tah vetat bereshimot benei

! hazeman ubere’ haketivah hahistorit (Tel Aviv: Center for the History of | Polish Jewry, Tel Aviv University, 1994), 10: 396-8 (revd Fram) : 236 REICHER, EDWARD, Wostrym Swietle dnia: Dziennik zydowskiego lekarza 1939-1945, ed. Renata Jablonska (London: Libra Books, 1989), 5: 389-93 (revd Wiadystaw Bartoszewski) 237 RENZ, REGINA, Spoteczenstwo matomiasteczkowe w wojewddztwie kieleckim, 1918-1939 (Kielce: Wyzsza Szkota Pedagogiczna, 1990), 11: 345-8 (revd Kassow)

, 238 REYCHMAN, KAZIMIERZ, Genealogical Sketches (1936, repr. 1988), 5: 372-84 (revd Ciechanowiecki)

| REYNOLDS, JAIME, See COUTOUVIDIS, JOHN ! 239 RINGELBLUM, EMANUEL, Stosunki polsko-zydowskie w czasie drugiej wojny Swiatowe]: Uwagi t spostrzezenia (Warsaw, 1988), 4: 442-8 (revd Gasowski) 240 RITTNER, CAROL, and MYERS, SONDRa (eds.), The Courage to Care: Rescuers of Jews During the Holocaust (New York and London: New York University Press, 1986), 5: 460-2 (revd Prekerowa) 241 ROBERTSON, RITCHIE, Kafka: Judaism, Politics, and Literature (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985), 2: 450-3 (revd Band) 242 ROGGER, HANS, Jewish Policies and Right-Wing Politics in Imperial Russia & 243 (London: Macmillan, 1985), 2: 425-7 (revd Lieven) [242]; 2: 428-30 (revd Grinberg) [243] 244 ROLLET, HENRY, La Pologne au XXe siécle (Paris: Pedone, 1985), 1:345-51 (revd Lewandowski)

178 Index of Books Reviewed 245 ROSKIES, DAVID G., Against the Apocalypse: Responses to Catastrophe in Modern Jewish Culture (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1984), 1: 327-35 (revd Zipperstein) 246 ——A Bridge of Longing: The Lost Art of Yiddish Storytelling (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1995), 12: 358-62 (revd Clark) 247 ROSMAN, MOSHE, Founder of Hasidism: A Quest for the Historical Ba’al Shem Tov (Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press,

1996), 12: 297-306 (revd Etkes) | 248 ROSTWOROWSKI, MAREK (ed.), Zydzi w Polsce: Obraz i stowo (Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Interpress, 1993), 10: 398-401 (revd Mendelsohn) 249 ROTH, CECIL, A Bird’s-Eye View of Jewish History (Cincinnati, Oh.: Union of American Hebrew Congregations, 1935), 4: 390-401 (revd Bacon) RUTKOWSKA, EWA, See BEAUVOIS, DANIEL RUTKOWSKI, KRZYSZTOF, See BEAUVOIS, DANIEL 250 RYMKIEWICZ, J. M., Umschlagplatz (Paris: Instytut Literacki, 1988), 6: 333-8 (revd Michlic)

S 251 SACHAR, HOWARD M., The Course of Modern Jewish History, 1st edn. (New

York: Dell, 1958), 11: 312-18 (revd Tomaszewski) ,

252 SAKOWSKA, RUTA, Dwaetapy: Hitlerowska polityka eksterminacji Zyd6w w oczach ofiar. Szkic historyczny i dokumenty (Wroctaw, 1986), 4: 449-56

(revd Hetnal)

253. —— Ludzie z dzielnicy zamknietej: Z dziej6w Zydéw w Warszawie w latach okupacji hitlerowskiej (pazdziernik 1939-marzec 1943) (Warsaw: PWN, 1993), 9: 297-9 (revd Catka) SALAPSKA, MARIA, Se@ BERG, MARY

254 SALSITZ, NORMAN, A Jewish Boyhood in Poland: Remembering Kolbuszowa (Syracuse: Syracuse University Press, 1992), 11:354—5 (revd Tomaszewski) SAMSONOWICZ, HENRYK, Se€ BOGUCKA, MARIA

255 SARNER, HARVEY, AiB (television play, Polish Television), 9: 247-54 (revd Engel) SAWITZKI, DIRK, See FAESSLER, PETER / 256 SCHATZ-UFFENHEIMER, RIVKA, Hasidism as Mysticism: Quietistic Elements in Eighteenth-Century Hasidic Thought (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; Jerusalem: Magnes Press, 1993), 9: 274-6 (revd Jacobs) SCHEFSKI, HAROLD KLASSEL, See LESKOV, NIKOLAI S. 257 SCHEIBER, ALEXANDER, Essays on Jewish Folklore and Comparative Literature (Budapest: Akadémiai Kiado, 1985), 3: 442-3 (revd Patai) 258 SCHMIDT, LEOKADIA, Cudem przezylismy czas zagtady (Krakow: Wydawnictwo Literackie), 1: 316-26 (revd Wiadystaw Bartoszewski) 259 SCHOCHET, ELIJAH JUDAH, The Hasidic Movement and the Gaon of Vilna (Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson, 1994), 12: 340-3 (revd Brill) 260 SCHWARBERG, GUNTHER, Das Getto (Gottingen: Steidl Verlag, 1989), 5: 385-8 (revd Wiadystaw Bartoszewski) 261 SEDLAR, JEAN W., East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000-1500 (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1994), 10: 402-5 (revd Birnbaum)

Index of Books Reviewed 179 262 SEGEL, HAROLD B. (ed.), Stranger in our Midst: Images of the Jews in Polish Literature (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1996), 12: 363-7 (revd Zlatkes) 263 SEIBT, FERDINAND (ed.), Die Juden in den b6hmischen Landern. Vortrdge der Tagung des Collegium Carolinum in Bad Wiessee (Munich and Vienna: R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 1983), 1: 377-9 (revd Golczewski) 264 SELTZER, ROBERT J., Jewish People, Jewish Thought: The Jewish Experience in History (New York and London: Macmillan, 1980), 11: 312-18 (revd Tomaszewski) 265 SHAIN, MILTON, The Roots of Antisemitism in South Africa Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, 1994), 11: 340-5 (revd Gilman) 266 SHATYN, BRUNO,A Private War: Surviving in Poland on False Papers, 1941-1945 (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1985), 5: 458-9 (revd Bryk) 267 SHMERUK, CHONE, 7he Esterke Story in Yiddish and Polish Literature: A Case Study in the Mutual Relations of Two Cultural Traditions Jerusalem: Studies of the Center for Research on the History and Culture of Polish Jews, Hebrew University, 1985), 1: 360—1 (revd Bionski) see also BARTAL, ISRAEL 268 SILVAIN, GERARD, La Question juive en Europe 1933-1945 (Paris: Editions

: Jean-Claude Lattes, 1985), 5: 439-40 (revd Ktoczowski) | 269 SOLOMIAN, FANNY, Getto i gwiazdy (Warsaw: Czytelnik, 1995), 11: 375-8 | (revd Clark) 270 SORKIN, DAVID, The Transformation of German Jewry, 1780-1840 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987), 4: 434—7 (revd Pulzer)

, 271 SROKA, TADEUSZ, Dziennik izraelski czyli religijny wymiar ludzkiego losu

: (Warsaw: Spotkania, 1985), 1: 411-15 (revd Krajewski) 272 STANISEAWSKI, MICHAEL, For Whom Do! Toil? Judah Leib Gordon and the

| Crisis of Russian Jewry (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988), 5: 408-11 (revd Lederhendler) 273. —— Tsar Nicholas I and the Jews: The Transformation of Jewish Society in Russia 1825-1855 (Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1983), 1: 367-9 (revd Pearson) 274 STERNBERG, GHITTA, Stefanesti: Portrait of a Romanian Shtetl (Oxford:

| Pergamon Press, 1984), 5: 477-9 (revd H. Goldberg) _ STRADOMSKI, WIESEAW, S€€ AMATYS, BARBARA

| 275 STROM, YALE, The Last Jews of Eastern Europe (New York: Philosophical Library, 1986), 4: 474-81 (revd Kugelmass) STRUCK, HERMANN, S€€ ZWEIG, ARNOLD

, SUESSMUTH, RITA, Se€ WIESEL, ELIE 276 SWEETS, JOHN E., Choices in Vichy France: The French Under Nazi Occupation (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986), 3: 422—4 (revd Atkin) 277 SWIEBOCKA, TERESA, Auschwitz: A History in Photographs, edn. prepared by Jonathan Webber and Connie Wilsack (Bloomington: Indiana University

(revd Tec) |

, Press; OSwiecim: Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum, 1993), 10: 339-43 278 SZCZYPIORSKI, ANDRZBJ, The Beautiful Mrs Seidenman, trans. Klara Gtowczewska (1990), 7: 300-12 (revd Quercioli-Mincer) SZEINTUCH, YECHIEL, S€€ KATZNELSON, YITZHAK

180 Index of Books Reviewed

T 279 TAMIR, NACHMAN (ed.), Polish Jewry Before the Holocaust (New York: Herzl Press; London: Cornwall Books, 1986), 5: 429 (revd Tomaszewski) 280 TEC, NECHAMA, Defiance: The Bielski Partisans (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993), 11: 360-1 (revd Littel) 281 ——— When Light Pierced the Darkness: Christian Rescue of Jews in Nazi-Occupied & 282 Poland (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986), 2: 462-4 (revd

Fox) [281]; 2: 372-90 (revd Bryk) [282]

283 THADEN, EDWARD C., with Marianna Foster Thaden, Russia's Western Borderlands, 1710-1870 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984), 1: 339 (revd Lewitter) THADEN, MARIANNA EOSTER, Sseێ THADEN, EDWARD C.

284 TOMASZEWSKI, JERZY, Rzeczpospolita wielu narodow (Warsaw: Czytelnik, 1985), 1: 342-5 (revd Lewandowski) TOMASZEWSKI, TOMASZ, See NIEZABITOWSKA, MALEGORZATA

285 TOMKIEWICZ, MINA, Jam Sie tez zyto (London: Polska Fundacja Kulturalna, 1984), 1: 316-26 (revd Wtadystaw Bartoszewski) 286 TOPOLSKI, JERZY, Polska wczasach nowozytnych: Od srodkowoeuropejskiej potegi do utraty niepodlegtosci, 1501-1795 (Poznan: Uniwersytet Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, 1994), 10: 405-8 (revd J. Goldberg) 287 TUSZYNSKA, AGATA, Pejzaze pamieci (Gdansk: Wydawnictwo Marabut, 1994), 10: 333-8 (revd Shmeruk) 288 TYLOCH, WITOLD, Judaizm (Warsaw: Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza, 1987), 5: 479-81 (revd Marmur) 289 TYSZKA, LEON, Sukcesy i kleski jednego zycia (London: Oficyna Poet6wi Malarzy, 1984), 1:316—26 (revd Wladystaw Bartoszewski)

U 290 URBANSKI, KRZYSZTOF, Kielce Zydzi (Kielce: Pracownia Konserwacji Zabytkéw w Kielcach, 1992), 11: 345-8 (revd Kassow)

V VAGO, BELA, Se@ BRAHAM, RANDOLPH L.

291 VENCLOVA, TOMAS, Aleksander Wat: Life and Art of an Iconoclast (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1996), 11: 365-70 (revd Zlatkes)

W WEBBER, JONATHAN, See SWIEBOCKA, TERESA 292 WEINBAUM, LAWRENCE, A Marriage of Convenience: The New Zionist Organization and the Polish Government (New York: East European Monographs, 1993), 10: 408-10 (revd Chojnowski) WEINER, LEWIS, Se€ DAGAN, AVIGDOR

Index of Books Reviewed 181 293 WEISS, JOSEPH, Studies in Eastern European Jewish Mysticism, ed. David Goldstein (Oxford: Oxford University Press for the Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, 1985), 2: 414—16 (revd Dan) 294 WEISSER, MICHAEL R., A Brotherhood of Memory: Jewish Landsmanshaftn in the New World (New York: Basic Books, 1985), 2: 437-9 (revd Webber) 295 WERSCHLER, IWO, Z dziejow obozu belwederskiego: Tadeusz Hoto6wko, Zycie i dziatalnosé (Warsaw: Panstwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, 1984), 3: 343-47 (revd Rollet) 296 WERTHEIMER, JACK, Unwelcome Strangers: East European Jews in Imperial Germany (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987), 4: 434—7 (revd Pulzer) 297 WEXLER, PAUL, Explorations in Judeo-Slavic Linguistics (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1987), 3: 348-52 (revd de Vincenz) 298 WHELAN, HEIDE W., Alexander III and the State Council: Bureaucracy and Counter-Reform in Late Imperial Russia (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1982), 2: 430-2 (revd Klier) 299 WIESEL, ELIE, BARTOSZEWSKI, WLADYSEAW, LUSTIGER, JEAN-MARIE, and SUESSMUTH, RITA, with photographs by Adam Bujak, AuschwitzBirkenau. Eine Erinnerung die brennt, aber sich niemals verzehrt (Freiburg im Breisgau: Herder), 6: 318-19 (revd Sternberg) 300 WIEVIORKA, ANNETTE, and NIBORSKI, YITZHOK (eds.), Les Livres du souvenir: Mémoriaux juifs de Pologne (Paris: Editions Gallimard/Julliard, 1983), 2: 472-4 (revd Boyarin) 301 WieZ, no. 333—4 July—Aug. 1986), 5: 471-4 (revd Pospieszalski) WILSACK, CONNIE, see SWIEBOCKA, TERESA 302 WIPPERMANN, WOLFGANG, Der konsequente Wahn. Ideologie und Politik Adolf Hitlers, with an essay by Saul Friedlander (Giitersloh and Munich: Bertelsmann Lexikon Verlag, 1989), 8: 398-401 (revd Burleigh) 303 WISTRICH, ROBERT S., The Jews of Vienna in the Age of Franz Joseph (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989), 5: 402-5 (revd Pulzer) 304 —— Socialism and the Jews: The Dilemmas of Assimilation in Germany and Austria-Hungary (Rutherford, Madison, and Teaneck: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1982), 3: 394-6 (revd Holzer) 305 WOLFF, KARIN (ed.), Hiob 1943. Ein Requiem fiir das Warschauer Ghetto (Neukirchen-Vluyn: Neukirchner Verlag, 1983), 1: 402-3 (revd Wtadystaw Bartoszewski) 306 WOLFF, LARRY, Inventing Eastern Europe: The Map of Civilization in the Mind of the Enlightenment (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1994), 12: 337-9 (revd D. Stone) 307 WOOD, E. THOMAS, and JANKOWSKI, STANISLAW M., Karski: How One Man Tried to Stop the Holocaust (New York: Wiley, 1994), 10: 411-12 (revd Berenbaum) 308 WROBEL, JOZEF, Tematy zydowskie w prozie polskiej 1939-1987 (Krakéw: Towarzystwo Autor6w i Wydawcow Prac Naukowych ‘Universitas’, 1991), 8: 392-5 (revd Quercioli-Mincer) WRONA, ZENON, Se€ MEDUCKI, STANISLAW 309 WYNOT, EDWARD D., Warsaw Between the World Wars: Profile of the Capital City in a Developing Land, 1918-1939 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1983), 2: 456-7 (revd Hanson)

182 Index of Books Reviewed L, 310 ZAMOYSKI, ADAM, The Polish Way: A Thousand- Year History of the Poles and their Culture (London: John Murray, 1987), 3: 352-6 (revd Hurst) ZARNOWSKI, JANUSZ, See JEDLICKI, JERZY ZATLOUKAL, KLAUS, See EBENBAUER, ALFRED 311 ZBIKOWSKI, ANDRZBJ, Zydzi (Wroclaw: Wydawnicto Dolnoslaskie, 1997), 12: 339-40 (revd Tomaszewski) 312. —— Zydzi krakowscy i ich gmina w latach 1869-1919 (Warsaw, 1994), 11: 327-31 (revd Kozinska-Witt) 313 ZEBROWSKI, RAFAE (ed.), Mojzesz Schorr i jego listy do Ludwika Gumplowicza (Warsaw, Zydowski Instytut Historyczny, 1994), 11:331—4 (revd KozinskaWitt) 314 ZIMMERMAN, MOSHE, Wilhelm Marr: The Patriarch of Antisemitism (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986), 3: 416-21 (revd Nicholls) 315 ZIPPERSTEIN, STEVEN J., Elusive Prophet: Ahad Ha’am and the Origins of Zionism (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1993), 10: 412-13 (revd Brown) 316 —— The Jews of Odessa: A Cultural History, 1794-1881 (Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1985), 2: 420-3 (revd Salmon) 317 Znak, no. 396-7: Jews, Poland and Christianity (May-June 1988), 5: 474-7

(revd Pospieszalski)

318 Znak, no. 339-40: The Jews in Poland and the World (Feb.—Mar. 1983), 1: 415-18 (revd Scharf) ZUCKERMAN, ALAN S., See GOLDSCHEIDER, CALVIN 319 ZWEIG, ARNOLD, and STRUCK, HERMANN, Das Ostjiidische Antlitz (Wiesbaden: Fourier Verlag, 1988), 4: 438—41 (revd Michalski)

Index of Contributors Numbers in square brackets refer to the Index of Books Reviewed FSS = From Shtetl to Socialism

A Bartal, Israel Abramsky, Chimen 9: 187-91

articles by 1:81-95; 4: 53-69 (FSS 134-50);

obituaries by 4: 495-8; 5: 493-7 introduction by (with Antony Polonsky)

Adamczyk-Garbowska, Monika 12: 3-24

articles by 5: 288-302 (FSS 502-16); volumes edited by 9, 12

12: 284-94 (with Magdalena Opalski), Poles and Jews:

obituaries by 11: 381-4; 12: 369-73 A Failed Brotherhood (revd Friedberg) Polska Isaaca Bashevisa Singera: Rozstanie i 10: 388-91 powrot (revd Shmeruk) 10: 333-8 _ (ed. with Chone Shmeruk and Rachel Elion),

Adamski, Franciszek Tsadikim ve’anshei ma’aseh: Mehkarim article by 8: 129-45 behasidut polin (revd Brody) 10: 344-7

Adelson, Jé6zef Bartosz, Adam

article by 5: 57-73 article by 11: 66-76 Almond, Mark review essay by 12: 330-5 [15] reviews by 3:396-8 [92], 433-6 [120] Bartoszewski, Wladyslaw

Ambrosiewicz-Jacobs, Jolanta articles by 1: 278-87; 4: 243-54 review by 11:351-4 [78] reviews by 1: 402-3 [305]; 3: 425-9 [25]

Atkin, N. J. review essays by 1: 316-26 [2, 33, 258, 285, reviews by 3: 422-4 [276], 436-8 [68] 289]; 5: 385-8 [133, 163, 260], 389-93 [46, 63, 201, 236]

Das Warschauer Ghetto—wie es wirklich

B war: Zeugenbericht eines Christen (revd Fox) 1: 395-7; 2nd edn., trans. Stephen G. Bacon, Gershon C. Cappelari as The Warsaw Ghetto: A

review by 1: 388-9 [216] Christian’s Testimony (revd Foot) 4: 457-61 review essay by 4: 390-401 [249] Herbst der Hoffnungen, 4th edn. (revd Foot) (ed. with Gershon Hundert), The Jews in 4: 457-61 Poland and Russia: Bibliographical Essays Uns eint vergossenes Blut (revd Foot)

(revd Seltzer) 1: 418-19 4: 457-61 article by 6: 57-87 2nd edn. (revd Foot) 4: 457-61 Bailey, John (ed. with Antony Polonsky), The Jews in review by 6: 309-11 [100] Warsaw: A History (revd Herlihy) 9: 280-2 Baker, Mark (with Elie Wiesel, Jean-Marie Lustiger, and Badziak, Kazimierz Wer ein Leben rettet, rettet die ganze Welt,

article by 5: 221-49 Rita Suessmuth), Auschwitz-Birkenau.

review by 5: 464-6 [102] Eine Erinnerung die brennt, aber sich

Band, Arnold J. niemals verzehrt (revd Sternberg) review by 2: 450-3 [241] 6: 318-19 Bar Sella, Shraga Bartoszewski, Wiadystaw T. article by 11: 77-93 article by 4: 6-17

184 Index of Contributors Bartoszewski, Wiadystaw T. (contd): Bramwell, Anna reviews by 1: 407-9 [178], 409-11 [91] review by 5: 437-9 [59]

review essay by 2: 391-403 Braun, Robert

Basista, Jakub review essay by 11: 281-95 [42] reviews by 3: 362-3 [190], 363—5 [188]; Brill, Alan 5: 413-15 [64]; 11: 337-8 [155], 350-1[150] review by 12: 340-3 [259]

Bauman, Janina Brod, Peter

review by 5: 456-8 [176] review by 1:376-7 [72] Winter in the Morning: A Young Girl's Lifein — Brody, Seth

the Warsaw Ghetto and Beyond, review by 10: 344-7 [17]

1939-1945 (revd Wiadyslaw Bronsztejn, Szyja

Bartoszewski) 3: 425-9 article by 8: 66-88 Bauman, Zygmunt Z dziejéw ludnosci zydowskiej na Dolnym article by 3: 294-301 Slasku po drugiej wojnie Swiatowej (revd

review by 3:438-42 [144] Engel) 10: 347-9 review essay by 7: 273-99 Brown, Michael

Beller, Steven review by 10: 412-13 [315] review by 5: 468-9 [37] Bryk, Andrzej Berenbaum, Michael review by 5: 458-9 [266]

review by 10: 411-12 [307] review essays by 2: 372-90 [50, 106, 189, 192, (ed. with Yisrael Gutman), Anatomy of the 282]; 4: 370-89 Auschwitz Death Camp, comp. and ed. Brzoza, Czestaw Teresa Swiebocka (revd Tec) 10:339-43 article by 7: 133-46

Bergman, Eleonora Burleigh, Michael

articles by 5: 3-23, 40-9 reviews by 5: 427-9 [181], 440-3 [167], 443-6

Biale, David [168]; 8: 398-401 [302]

article by 1:49-67 (FSS 168-86) review essays by 4: 462-6 [4]; 11: 296-311

Eros and the Jews: From Biblical Israel to (24, 38, 60, 114, 129, 136, 140, 161, 180,

Contemporary America (revd Fishman) 182]

9: 255-70 Germany Turns Eastwards: A Study of Bialystok, Frank Ostforschung in the Third Reich (revd reviews by 5: 432-5 [202]; 6: 316-18 [49]; Bramwell) 5: 437-9

11: 361-5 [159] Bussgang, Julian Birnbaum, Henrik article by 11: 127-53 review by 10: 402-5 [261] Buszko, Jozef Black, Eugene C. article by 12: 86-99 article by 2:5-36 (FSS 264-95)

Blatman, Daniel C article by 9: 58-82

Blejwas, Stanislaus A. Cala, Alina

articles by 4: 354-62, 368-9 articles by 1: 130-50; 8: 42-65; 9: 3-13 review essay by 8: 325-9 [61] notes by 9: 232-43; 11: 385-90

Btonski, Jan reviews by 9: 297-9 [253], 299-302 [147] articles by 1: 196-211 (FSS 471-86); Asymilacja Zydéw w Krélestwie Polskim 2: 321-36 (1864-1897): Postawy, konflikty, stereotypy review by 1:360-1 [267] (revd Blejwas) 8: 325-9 Boyarin, Jonathan Caplan, Kimmy , review by 2: 472-4 [300] article by 11: 192-215 (ed. and trans. with Jack Kugelmass), Froma Chojnowski, Andrzej

Ruined Garden: The Memorial Books of article by 4: 159-68 Polish Jewry (revd W. T. Bartoszewski) review by 10: 408-10 [292]

1: 407-9 review essay by 1: 288-99

Index of Contributors 185 Chrzanowski, Tadeusz de Vincenz, A. reviews by 8: 407-10 [199], 410-13 [231] reviews by 3: 348-52 [297], 391—4 [230], Ciechanowiecki, Andrzej S. 444-8 [57] obituary by 2: 483-4 Drozdowski, Marian Marek

review essay by 5: 372-84 [238] article by 3: 188-99 Clark, Joanna Rostropowicz

article by 7: 57-62 E

reviews by 9: 276-9 [204]; 11: 375-8 [119,

123, 269]; 12: 358-62 [246] Eisenbach, Artur

Clarke, Anna articles by 3: 46-77; 5: 193-221 articles by 7: 253-9; 11: 216-31 obituary on 8: 423-6

review by 11:371-5 [173] review essay by 10: 326-32

Coates, Paul Emancypacja Zyd6éw na ziemiach polskich

article by 10: 221-46 1780-1870 na tle europejskim (revd Leslie) review by 6: 314-16 [146] 5: 405-8; (revd Gasowski) 10: 321-5;

Cohen, Richard I. English edn., The Emancipation of the reviews by 1:391-5 [135]; 8: 404-7 [215] Jews in Poland, 1780-1870 (revd The Burden of Conscience: French Jewry’s Rozenblit) 10: 353-5 Response to the Holocaust (revd Atkin) Engel, David

3: 436-8 articles by 1:300—-15 (FSS 407-22); 4: 425-33

Conway, John S. document edited by 2: 269-309

review by 9: 295-6 [81] reviews by 8: 396-8 [117]; 10: 347-9 [55]

Corrsin, Stephen D. review essays by 1: 300-15; 4: 425-33; 8: articles by 3: 122-41; 12: 221-41 345-81; 9: 247-54 [255]; 12: 316-29 [226]

article trans. by 9: 45-54 In the Shadow of Auschwitz: The Polish Warsaw before the First World War: Poles Government-in-Exile and the Jews, and Jews in the Third City of the Russian 1939-1942 (revd Stola) 8: 330-44 Empire 1880-1914 (revd Kieniewicz) Epstein, Lisa

8: 388-92 review by 10: 372-4 [172]

Cubitt, Geoffrey Epstein, Marc Michael

review by 5: 423-5 [169] review by 10: 383-6 [212]

Cygielman, Shmuel A. Etkes, Immanuel

article by 2: 117-49 review essay by 12: 297-306 [247]

Czarnecka, Ewa

interview by 1: 252-69 F Fishman, Sylvia Barack

D review essay by 9: 255-70 [40, 108] Foot, M. R. D.

Dan, Joseph review by 2: 460-2 [174] review by 2: 414-16 [293] review essay by 4: 457-61 [19, 20, 21, 22] Davies, Norman Fox, John P. article by 4: 143-58 (FSS 235-50) article by 5: 74-102

Heart of Europe: A Short History of Poland reviews by 1:395-7 [6, 18], 403-7 [79];

| (revd Lewitter) 1: 336-7 2: 462-4 [281]; 5: 446-8 [131], 448-9 [8, 9], (ed. with Antony Polonsky), Jews in Eastern 462-3 [179], 481-2 [69] Poland and the USSR, 1939-1946 (revd Fram, Edward

Subtelny) 10: 351-3 review by 10: 396-8 [235]

Davis, Joseph M. Freeze, ChaeRan

review by 10: 350-1 [74] review by 12: 345-7 [128]

Dawidowicz, David Friedberg, Maurice

review by 2: 417-18 [39] review by 10: 388-91 [221]

186 Index of Contributors Fuks, Marian Gross, Natan

review by 3: 429-31 [158] | review by 11: 358-60 [5]

G Griinberg, Karol

review essay by 6: 295-308

article by 5: 103-13

Gatkowski, Adam Guldon, Zenon article by 7:31-56 article by 10: 99-140 Garliriski, Jozef Guterman, Alexander article by 1: 212-26 article by 11: 112-26

review by 3: 431-3 [71] Gutman, [Y]Israel

(ed.), W Czterdziestq Rocznice: Agonia, article by 3: 5-16 walka i Smier¢é warszawskiego getta (revd Hayehudim befolin aharei milhemet

Hanson) 2: 464-6 ha’olam hasheniyah (revd Shapiro)

Garncarska-Kadary, B. 6: 323-4

article by 8: 238-54 The Jews of Warsaw 1939-1943: Ghetto,

Gasowski, Tomasz Underground, Revolt (revd Wynot)

article by 12: 120-36 1: 398-400

review by 3:372-6 [183] (ed. with Yitzhak Arad and Abraham review essays by 4: 442-8 [239]; 10: 321-5 Margaliot), Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The

[84] Operation Reinhard Death Camps (revd

Giertych, Jedrzej Fox) 5: 448-9

letter by 5: 303-10 (ed. with Michael Berenbaum), Anatomy of

Giller, Pinchas the Auschwitz Death Camp, comp. and ed. review by 12: 351-3 [229] Teresa Swiebocka (revd Tec) 10:339-43

Gilman Sander

review by 11: 340-5 [265] H

Golczewski, Frank

article by 4: 87-97 ~ Hanson, Joanna K. M. Goldberg, Harvey E. Hensel-Liwszicowa, Joanna

review by 1:377-9 [263] review by 2: 456-7 [309], 464-6 [105, 151] reviews by 3: 366-9 [82], 369-72 [115]; article by 12: 212-20

5: 477-9 [274] Herlihy, Patricia

Goldberg, Jacob review by 9: 280-2 [23] articles by 1: 35-48 (FSS 50-63); 10: 3-39 Hetnal, Adam A.

review by 10: 405-8 [286] reviews by 1: 358-9 [139]; 5: 450-2 [124]; (ed.), Jewish Privileges in the Polish 6: 319-23 [16], 329-33 [152]; 8: 384-7

Commonwealth: Charters of Rights [213] Granted to Jewish Communities in review essay by 4: 449-56 [109, 197, 252] Poland-Lithuania in the Sixteenth to Himka, John-Paul

Eighteenth Centuries (trevdHorn) article by 12: 25-48 1: 351-4; (revd Hundert) 1: 355-7 Hodl, Klaus

Goldstein, Joseph article by 12: 147-63 article by 5: 114-30 Holzer, Jerzy

review by 2: 444-7 [193] articles by 8: 194-205; 12: 79-85

Greenstein, Michael reviews by 1: 382-7 [200]; 3: 394-6 [304]

, review by 11:378—80 [122] Horn, Maurycy

Grinberg, Daniel review by 1:351-4 [111]

review by 2: 428-30 [243] (ed.), Regesty dokument6w i ekscerpty z

Grodziski, Stanislaw Metryki Koronnej do historii Zydéw w article by 12:61-72 Polsce 1697-1795 (revd Hetnal) 1: 358-9

Gronski, Jan Marek Hrytsak, Yaroslav

article by 7: 192-218 article by 12: 137-46 ,

Index of Contributors 187 Hubka, Thomas C. Kaminska, Maria

article by 10: 141-82 article by 6: 207-23

Hundert, Gershon David Karren, Tamara

article by 1: 28-34 (FSS 19-25) article by 6: 253-61

introduction by 10: xxxi-xxxiv Kassow, Sam

reviews by 1:355-7 [112]; 2: 407-12 [148] review by 11: 345-8 [237, 290]

volumes edited by 9, 10 Katznelson, Dora

The Jews in a Polish Private Town: The Case article by 7: 268-72

of Opatow in the Eighteenth Century Kersten, Krystyna

(revd Opalski) 8: 382-4 article by 4: 255-68 (FSS 457-70)

(ed. with Gershon C. Bacon), The Jews in Kessel, Ross Poland and Russia: Bibliographical Essays article by 9: 192-4

(revd Seltzer) 1:418-19 Kiel, Mark W.

Hurst, Michael article by 7: 88-120 reviews by 3: 352-6 [310], 401-3 [141], 406-9 Kieniewicz, Stefan

[11]; 5: 415-20 [207] articles by 3: 102-21 (FSS 83-102); 4: 311-12

Hyman, Paula review by 8:388-92 [70] review by 10:377-9 [191] obituary on 8: 421-2

Kingdon, Robert M. review by 3: 360-2 [171]

I Kisler-Goldstein, Jolanta

llicki, Julian review by 10: 391-6 [232] article by 4: 269-80 Klein, Thomas Inglot, Mieczystaw review by 12:353-5 [98] article by 2: 199-218 Kiier, John D. Irwin-Zarecka, Iwona article by 1:96-110

note by 4: 281-95 review by 2: 430-2 [298] -

Izydorczyk, Anna Russia Gathers her Jews: The Origins of the article by 4: 482-7 Jewish Question’ in Russia, 1772-1825 (revd Lederhendler) 3: 380-3

J article by 3: 238-43 Ktoczowski, Jerzy

review by 5: 439-40 [268] J acobs, Louis Kochan, Lionel

article by 11:25-30 reviews by 5: 396 [214], 396-7 [31], 467 [103] reviews by 1:361-2 [73]; 9: 274—6 [256] Kochavi, Ariel Joseph

J agielski, Jan article by 7: 161-75

article by 5: 40-9 Kohlbauer-Fritz, Gabriele

Janczak, Julian K. article by 12: 164-76 article by 6: 20-6 Kotakowski, Leszek Jankowski, Stanislaw article by 4:3-5 article by 5: 50-6 Korek, Janusz

(with Thomas E. Wood), Karski: How One review essay by 12: 307-15 [186]

Man Tried to Stop the Holocaust Korzec, Pawel (revd Berenbaum) 10: 411-12 article by 4: 204-25 (FSS385-406)

J onca, Karol Kozinska-Witt, Hanna article by 8: 255-81 article by 12: 73-8

reviews by 11: 327-31 [312], 331-4 [313]

K Krajewski, Stanistaw

review by 1: 411-15 [271]

Kalik, Judith Krakowski, Shmuel

review by 10: 364-7 [97] article by 4:363-7; 9: 138-47

188 Index of Contributors Krakowski, Shmuel (contd): Lewitter, L. R. review by 10: 355-8 [88] reviews by 1: 336-7 [75], 339 [283]; 3: 378-80 The War of the Doomed: Jewish Armed [28] Resistance in Poland, 1942-1944 Lieven, Dominic

(revd Foot) 2: 460-2 review by 2: 425-7 [242]

Kugelmass, Jack Liszewski, Stanistaw review essay by 4: 474-81 [217, 275] article by 6: 27-36 , (ed. and trans. with Jonathan Boyarin) From Litman, Jacob a Ruined Garden: The Memorial Books of review by 2: 404—7 [118] Polish Jewry (revd W. T. Bartoszewski) The Economic Role of Jews in Medieval

1: 407-9 Poland (revd Basista) 3: 362-3

Kurek-Lesik, Ewa Littel, Franklin

article by 3:244—75 (FSS 423-54) review by 11: 360-1 [280] Livezeanu, Irina review by 10: 369-70 [132]

L Longworth, Philip

review by 10: 379-81 [194]

Landau, Zbigniew Lotter, Friedrich

article by 8: 227-38 review by 9: 271-4 [80] Landau-Czajka, Anna Lowe, Heinz-Dietrich articles by 4: 169-203; 8: 146-75; 11: 263-78 reviews by 3: 357 [53], 358-60 [153];

Latawski, Paul 5: 411-12 [184], 483-5 [66, 67] articles by 2: 37-49; 5: 311-26 Lederhendler, Eli

article by 2: 150-62 M

reviews by 2: 434-6 [44]; 3: 380-3 [170];

5: 408-11 [272]; 10: 367—8 [99] Machcewicz, Pawel

Lerski, George J. article by 9: 170-83 article by 2: 95-116 Magid, Shaul

(comp. with H. T. Lerski), Jewish—Polish article by 11:31-52 Coexistence, 1772-1939: A Topical review by 10: 386-8 [218] Bibliography (revd Gasowski) 3: 372-6 Magocsi, Paul Robert

Leslie, R. F. review by 10: 360-2 [93]

reviews by 2: 418-20 [220], 440-2 [227]; Historical Atlas of East Central Europe

5: 405-8 [83] , (revd Longworth) 10:379-81

Levene, Mark Majchrowski, Jacek M. article by 8: 14-41 article by 3:302-9

War, Jews, and the New Europe: The Malinowski, Jerzy Diplomacy of Lucien Wolf, 1914-1919 article by 6: 223-30 (revd Tomaszewski) 10: 374-6 Grupa Jung Idysz’ i zydowskie srodowisko

Levenson, Alan ‘Nowej Sztuki’ w Polsce (revd Michalski)

review by 11: 348-50 [65] 8: 413-15 Levin, Dov Manekin, Rachel

article by 9: 107-37 article by 12: 100-19

Lewandowski, J6zef Margolis-Edelman, Alina

article by 2: 50-72 article by 11:94-111

reviews by 1: 342-5 [284], 345-51 [244] Marmur, Dow

review article by 11: 319-26 [86] review by 5: 479-81 [288] Cztery dni w Atlantydzie (revd Korek) Marrus, Michael R.

12: 307-15 review by 5: 453-5 [187] article by 7: 224—52 5: 432-5

Lewiniski, Jerzy The Holocaust in History (revd Bialystok)

Index of Contributors 189 Martyn, Peter J. Opalski, Magdalena M.

article by 3: 17-45 articles by 1: 68-80; 4: 70-86 (FSS 151-67)

Matwijowski, Krystyn review by 8:382-4 [142] note by 5:364-5 volume edited by 9 Maurer, Jadwiga The Jewish Tavern-Keeper and his Tavern in article by 5: 184-92 Nineteenth-Century Polish Literature Z matki obcej.. .’: Szkic o powigzaniach (revd Leslie) 2: 418-20 Mickiewicza ze Swiatem Zydow (with Israel Bartal), Poles and Jews: A Failed

(revd Clark) 9: 276-9 Brotherhood (revd Friedberg) 10: 388-91

Meducki, Stanistaw Oppenheim, Israel article by 9: 158-69 article by 5: 131-55

(ed. with Zenon Wrona), Antyzydowskie review by 2:447-50 [219] wydarzenia kieleckie, 4 lipca 1946: Tenuat hehaluts bepolin, 1929-1939

Dokumenty i materialy (revd Szaynok) (revd Raider) 9: 284-6

9: 302-4 Oppenheim, Michael

Mendelsohn, Ezra review by 9: 286-8 [58]

articles by 3: 309-13; 8:3-13 Orbach, Alexander review by 10:398-401 [248] review by 2:424-5 [36] |

volume edited by 8 Orla-Bukowska, Annamaria The Jews of East Central Europe Between article by 8:89-113

1:379-82 P ;, Michalski, Sergiusz the Two World Wars (revd Tomaszewski)

reviews by 1:373-5 [10]; 8: 413-15 [198] Paczkowski, Andrze}

review essay by 4: 438-41 [319] article by 8: 176-93

_ article by 4: 482-7 Michnik, Adam yap Michlic, Joanna Pankiewicz, Ewa review by 6: 333-8 [250] Patai. Raphael

obituary by 8:421-2 review by 3: 442-3 [257] | Mitosz, Czestawby Pearson, Raymond , ; review 1:367-9 [273]

interview with 1: 252-69 Nati eg Europe, Lads ational Minorities in Eastern

Mishkinsky, Moshe 1848-1945 (revd Smith) 1:340-2 articles by 1: 111-29; 5: 250-72 Penkalla, Adam

review by 3: 386-9 [12] articles by 3: 214-37, 3334

Morawska, Ewa documents edited by 5: 327-59 reviews by 1:370-3 [34]; 3: 399-400 [43] Pickhan, Gertrud

N Piechotka, Kazimierz

article by 10: 247-72 articles by 2: 179-98 (FSS 212-31); 5: 24-39

Nadelhatt, Erica Piechotka, Maria

article by 9: 212-31 articles by 2: 179-98 (FSS 212-31); 5: 24-39

Najder, Zdzislaw Pilarczyk, Krzysztof review by 5:470 [54] note by 5:360-3

Nicholls, A. J. Pipes, Richard

review by 3: 416-21 [56, 314] article by 9:55-7

Nowak, Zenon Polariski, Tomasz

article by 7:3-11 review essay by 5: 366-71 [45] Polonsky, Antony

O articles by 3: 314-32; 4: 22642

introductions by 8: xv—xxi; 9: xvii-xxi;

Olejnik, Leszek 11: xvii—xxi; 12: 3-24 (with Israel Bartal);

article by 6: 105-18 FSS xiiti-xxxiii

190 Index of Contributors , Polonsky, Antony (contd): article by 11: 232-46 obituaries by 2: 480-2; 3: 455-7; 8: 423-6 reviews by 3: 409-16 [233]; 8: 401-3 [48]

volumes edited by 8,9, 11, 12, FSS Reiche, Alexandra , (ed.), Abraham Lewin, A Cup of Tears: A review essay by 4: 467-73 [164, 196] Diary of the Warsaw Ghetto (revd Marrus) — Reiner, Elchanan

5: 453-5 article by 10: 85-98 (ed. with Wladystaw Bartoszewski), The Jews Ringelblum, Emanuel in Warsaw: A History (revd Herlihy) article by 12: 198-211 9: 280-2 Rischin, Moses (ed. with Norman Davies), Jews in Eastern review by 2: 433-4 [7] Poland and the USSR, 1939-1946 (revd Robertson, Ritchie

Subtelny) 10: 351-3 article by 7: 12-30

Poppe, Andrzej review by 2: 453-6 [107]

review essay by 3: 335-42 [110] Kafka: Judaism, Politics, and Literature Porat, Dina (revd Band) 2: 450-3

article by 9: 195-211 Robinson, Ira

Porter, Jack Nusan article by 11:53-61 review by 11: 355-7 [26] Rogerson, Edward

Pospieszalski, Antoni review essay by 2: 359-71 reviews by 5: 471-4 [301], 474—7 [317] Rogozik, Janina |

Prekerowa, Teresa article by 12: 179-97 article by 9: 148-57 Rollet, Henry

review by 5: 460-2 [240] review essay by 3: 343-7 [27, 29, 35, 104, 295]

Prokopéwna, Eugenia La Pologne au XXe siécle (revd article by 4: 129-42 (FSS 318-31) Lewandowski) 1: 345-51

Pulzer, Peter Roskies, David G.

reviews by 3:389-90 [203], 421-2 [134]; review by 1: 401-2 [162]

5: 402-5 [138, 157, 303] Against the Apolcalypse: Responses to review essay by 4: 434-7 [205, 224, 270, 296] Catastrophe in Modern Jewish Culture

Pus, Wiestaw (revd Zipperstein) 1:327-35 article by 6: 3-19 Rosman, M. J.

| Pytlas, Stefan articles by 1: 19-27; 4:31-41 (FSS 39-49);

article by 6:37-56 10: 183-99

Q 12: 297-306

Founder of Hasidism: A Quest for the Historical Ba‘al Shem Tov (revd Etkes)

Quercioli-Mincer, Laura Roth, Stephen

article by 5: 273-87 (FSS 487-501) review by 1:389-91 [51]

reviews by 8:392-5 [308], 415-17 [130] Rozenblit, Marsha

review essay by 7: 300-12 [278] review by 10: 353-5 [85]

R article by 7:219-23 Rudnicki, Marek

Rudnicki, Szymon

Rabinowicz, Harry articles by 2: 246-68 (FSS 359-81); 7: 147-60 article by 11:62-5

Radziwill, Anna S review essay by 4: 402-24

Raider, Mark A. Salmon, Yosef

review by 9: 284—6 [222] review by 2: 420-3 [316]

Rapoport-Albert, Ada review essay by 6: 288-94 [3] review by 1: 362-6 [195] Samus, Pawel

Redlich, Shimon article by 6: 88-104 (FSS 103-19)

Index of Contributors 191 Scharf, Rafael F. Stola, Dariusz

articles by 1: 270-7; 8: 290-8 review essay by 8: 330-44 [87]

reviews by 1: 415-18 [318]; 2: 458-60 [41] | Stone, Daniel

obituary by 3: 458-62 articles by 2: 73-94; 10: 200-18

Schmidt, Josef reviews by 10:381-3 [211]; 12: 337-9 [306] review by 9: 282-4 [166] Stone, Norman Schmidt, Maria review by 5: 435-6 [206] review by 2: 471-2 [52] Subtelny, Orest

Seltzer, Robert M. review by 10: 351-3 [76] article by 1: 151-62 Sujecki, Janusz reviews by 1: 369-70 [121], 418-19 [143] article by 9:32-44 Jewish People, Jewish Thought: The Jewish Szabo, Franz Experience in History (revd Tomaszewski) article by 12: 49-60

11: 312-18 Szapiro, Jerzy

Shapiro, Robert Moses article by 4: 255-68 (FSS 457-70) articles by 3: 200-13; 6: 133-54 Szaynok, Bozena

(FSS 296-317); 8: 206-26 review by 9: 302-4 [208]

review by 6: 323-4 [125] Szurek, Jean-Charles

Shmeruk, Chone article by 4: 204-25 (FSS 385-406) articles by 1: 176-95; 3: 142-55 (FSS 120-33);

5: 173-83; 6: 231-52; 10: 273-86 T

review by 11: 334-6 [234]

review essay by 10: 333-8 [1, 287] Ta-Shma, Israel M.

obituary on 12:369-73 article by 10: 287-317 The Esterke Story in Yiddish and Polish Tazbir, Janusz Literature: A Case Study in the Mutual articles by 4: 18-30 (FSS 26-38); 11: 171-82 Relations of Two Cultural Traditions review by 5: 394-6 [95]

(revd Blonski) 1: 360-1 Tec, Nechama

(ed. with Israel Bartal and Rachel Elior), article by 4: 296-310 Tsadikim ve‘anshei ma’aseh: Mehkarim review essay by 10: 339-43 [127, 277] behasidut polin (revd Brody) 10: 344-7 When Light Pierced the Darkness: Christian

Sliwiriski, Krzysztof Rescue of Jews in Nazi-Occupied Poland

lecture by 10: xvii-xxvi (revd Fox) 2: 462-4 (revd Bryk) 2:372-90

Sliwa, Micha} Tendyra, Bernadeta article by 9: 14-31 article by 2:310-20 Smith, Anthony Tollet, Daniel

review by 1:340—2 [137, 225] | reviews by 3: 376-7 [223]; 5: 397-9 [113],

Snyder, Timothy 399-402 [149]

article by 12: 257-70 Tomaszewski, Jerzy Sorkin, David articles by 1: 163—75 (FSS 251-63); 6: review by 3: 383-6 [160] 173-200; 8: 115-27 The Transformation of German Jewry, documents edited by 1: 227-51; 3: 276-93 1780-1840 (revd Pulzer) 4: 434-7 review article by 11:312-18 [32, 251, 264]

Stampfer, Shaul reviews by 1:379-82 [209]; 2: 412-14 [77];

articles by 7: 63-87 (FSS 187-211); 11: 3-24 3: 404-6 [177]; 5: 420-3 [165], 426-7 [14],

Stefanski, Krzysztof 429 [279]; 6: 311-14 [228]; 10: 370-2 [156], article by 11: 154-67 374-6 [185]; 11: 338-40 [90], 354-5 [254]; Steinlauf, Michael C. 12: 339-40 [311], 343-5 [101], 347-9 [62], articles by 2: 219-45 (FSS 332-58); 4: 98-128 349-51 [145], 362-3 [13]

review by 2: 466-70 [175] volumes edited by 8,9

Sternberg, Sigmund Rzeczpospolita wielu narod6w

review by 6:318-19 [299] (revd Lewandowski) 1: 342-5

192 Index of Contributors Trunk, Yehiel Yeshaia Wisniewski, Tomasz

articles by 6: 262-87; 8: 299-324 article by 7: 121-32

Turniansky, Chava Wistrich, Robert S. article by 4: 42-52 review by 2: 442-4 [47]

U (revd Pulzer) 5: 402-5

The Jews of Vienna in the Age of Franz Joseph

Umansky, Ellen M. Socialism and the Jews: The Dilemmas of review by 10: 362-4 [94] Assimilation in Germany and AustriaHungary (revd Holzer) 3: 394-6

W Wojcik, Zbigniew

review by 1:337-8 [116]

Wachowska, Barbara Wrobel, Janusz

articles by 6: 155-72; 9: 83-106 article by 6: 201-6

Walicki, Jacek Wrobel, J6zef

article by 6: 119-32 articles by 7: 176-91; 11: 247-62

Wapinski, Roman obituary by 8: 427-30

article by 12: 271-83 Tematy zydowskie w prozie polskiej

Wasserstein, Bernard 1939-1987 (revd Quercioli) 8: 392-5

article by 11: 183-91 Wrobel, Piotr

Webber, Jonathan article by 3: 156-87

review by 2: 437-9 [294] review by 12: 355-8 [210]

Weeks, Theodore R. Wynot, Edward D. Jr. |

article by 12: 242-56 review by 1:398—400 [126] Weihe, Richard E. Warsaw between the World Wars: Profile of review by 5: 430-2 [96] the Capital City in a Developing Land, Weinbaum, Laurence , 1918-1939 (revd Hanson) 2: 456-7 article by 5: 156-72

A Marriage of Convenience: The New Zionist 7 Organization and the Polish Government

(revd Chojnowski) 10: 408-10 Zienkowska, Krystyna

Weiss, Aharon article by 3: 78-101 article by 7: 260-7 Zimand, Roman Weissler, Chava article by 4:313-53

article by 10: 40-65 Zipperstein, Steven J. Werbowski, Tecia review essay by 1: 327-35 [245] review by 10:358-9 [89] Elusive Prophet: Ahad Ha’am and the Westreich, Elimelech Origins of Zionism (revd Brown) article by 10: 66-84 10: 412-13 Wexler, Paul The Jews of Odessa: A Cultural History, article by 1: 3-18 (FSS 3-18) 1794-1881 (revd Salmon) 2: 420-3

review by 9: 289-94 [30] Zlatkes, Gwido

Explorations in Judeo-Slavic Linguistics reviews by 11: 365-70 [291]; 12: 363-7

(revd de Vincenz) 3: 348-52 [262]

Wijaczka, Jacek Zuk, Anna

article by 10: 99-140 article by 2: 163-78 (FSS 64-79)

Wislicki, Alfred Zyga, Aleksander

article by 8: 282-9 review essay by 7:313-33 [154]

Notes on Contributors of Articles and Review Essays The information given below was correct on publication of the volume to which an individual most recently contributed (the relevant volume number is given at the end of each entry); where possible, additional detail has been added. While these notes are therefore not necessarily up to date, they should none the less help readers assess contributors’ background and interests, and provide leads as to where they are currently located.

Monika Adamczyk-Garbowska is Professor of American and Comparative Literature in the Department of English, Maria Curie-Sktodowska University in Lublin, Poland. She is the author of Polskie tlumaczenia angielskiej literatury dzieciecej: Problemy krytyki przektadu (Polish Translations of English Children’s Classics: Problems of Translation Critique) (Wroclaw, 1988) and Polska Isaaca Bashevisa Singera: Rozstanie i powrot (Isaac Bashevis Singer’s Poland: Exile and Return) (Lublin, 1994), as well as a translator from English and Yiddish into Polish. She is co-editor, with Antony Polonsky, of an English-language anthology of post-war Polish Jewish writing to be published by the University of Nebraska Press. Volume 12 Franciszek Adamski is Professor of Sociology at the Jagiellonian University in Krak6w and Chair of the Department of Social Pedagogy. He has written widely on religion, culture, and the family, and is particularly interested in the influence of non-Catholic cultures on Polish culture. Among his books are Modele matzefiskie i rodzinne i kul-

tura masowa (Models of Marriage and Family and Mass Culture) (Warsaw, 1971); Rodzina miedzy sacrum i profanum (The Family Between Sacred and Profane) (Poznan, 1986); and Ateizm w kulturze polskiej (Atheism in Polish Culture) (Krakéw, 1993). Volume 8

Jozef Adelson is a scholar working with Professor Jerzy Tomaszewski at the University

of Warsaw's Research Centre on Jewish History. He is also an actor at the Jewish Theatre of Warsaw and the author of Zydzi w Polsce, 1944-1950 (The Jews in Poland, 1944-1950). Volume 5 Gershon C. Bacon is Senior Lecturer in Jewish History at Bar-Ilan University. Among his publications are The Jews in Poland and Russia: Bibliographical Essays (Bloomington, 1984); Studies in East European Jewry: Bar-Ilan Annual, 24—5 (1989), edited with Moshe Rosman; and The Politics of Tradition: Agudat Yisrael in Poland, 1916-1939 Jerusalem, 1996). Volume 4

Kazimierz Badziak works in the Institute of History at the University of L6dz. His main interest is the economic history of Poland in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. He is the author of Kartelizacja przemystu wtokienniczego IT Rzeczypospolitej (Cartelization in the Textile Industry of the Second Republic) (L6dZ, 1991), a study of

194 Notes on Contributors the history of the textile industry in Poland focusing on the development of monopolies between 1918 and 1939. Volume 6

Mark Baker lectures in modern Jewish history at the University of Melbourne. His research interests focus on the history of Warsaw Jewry in the nineteenth century. Volume 5

Shraga Bar Sella was born in Poland in 1927. Between 1941 and 1945 he was imprisoned in Nazi concentration camps. He emigrated to Israel in 1945, and in 1947 volunteered to join the Palmach, in which he served until 1949. On being demobilized he

joined a kibbutz, and since 1973 has taught at Oranim, the kibbutz movement's school of education at the University of Haifa, where he also carries out research into Jewish life in Poland. In 1983 the Hebrew University of Jerusalem awarded him a doctorate in the field of Jewish thought. Volume 11

Israel Bartal is Professor of Modern Jewish History at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Director of the Centre for Research on the History and Culture of Polish Jews. He is the editor of the second, revised, edition of the minute book of the Council of Four Lands (Jerusalem, 1990) and co-author, with Magdalena Opalski, of Poles and Jews: A Failed Brotherhood (Hanover, NH, 1993). He is the author of several mono-

graphs and articles on east European Jewish history and on the history of the preZionist Jewish community in Palestine. He is a member of the editorial committee of Polin. Volume 12 Adam Bartosz is an ethnologist and museologist. Since 1980 he has been director of Tarndéw’s regional museum, where he has opened the first permanent exhibit on the history and culture of the Romani. He administers the museum’s branches, cultural centres, and other divisions, has prepared several exhibitions on Jews and Romani (Gypsies), and is the author of many books and articles on the topic. He is a member of the World Romani Union. Volume 12 Wladystaw Bartoszewski was a Secretary of the Polish PEN Club from 1972 to 1988, and holds honorary doctorates from the Polish University in Exile (London) and Baltimore Hebrew College. From 1973 to 1985 he was Visiting Professor at the Catholic University of Lublin. Since then he has been Visiting Professor of Political Science at Munich, Eichstatt, and Augsburg universities. He has written some twenty books on the Second World War, Nazi crimes, and the destruction of the Jews. Among his publications are The Convent at Auschwitz (New York, 1991) and, edited with Antony Polonsky, The Jews in Warsaw: A History (Oxford, 1991). He was co-founder of the Council for Aid to the Jews (Zegota) and recipient of the title ‘Righteous Among Nations’ (Yad Vashem, 1963). In 1986 he received the Peace Prize of the German Publishers’ and Booksellers’ Association. He is vice-president of the Institute for Polish Jewish Studies, Oxford. Volume 5 Wtadystiaw T. Bartoszewski has been a Research Fellow at St Antony’s College Oxford,

a lecturer in modern European history at Warwick University, and an associate editor of Polin. He has published editions of Samuel Willenberg, Surviving Treblinka (Oxford, 1989) and Solomon Slowe, The Road to Katyn (Oxford, 1992), and is the author of The Convent at Auschwitz (London, 1990). Volume 4

Notes on Contributors 195 Zygmunt Bauman is Emeritus Professor at the University of Leeds. He previously taught at Warsaw and Tel Aviv universities. His publications include Modernity and the Holocaust (Ithaca, 1989), which was awarded the Amalfi European Prize for Social Science, Modernity and Ambivalence (New York, 1991), and Postmodernity and its Discontents (Cambridge, 1997). Volume 7

Eleonora Bergman is an architect. She has worked at the Institute of Urban Studies and Architecture and, from 1978, in the Workshop for Conservation of Ancient Monuments, where she has written historical monographs on Polish towns and guidelines on their conservation. She is particularly interested in Jewish religious structures of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and has completed inventories of Jewish monuments for the Institute of Art at the Polish Academy of Sciences. Volume 5 David Biale is Koret Professor of Jewish History and Director of the Center for Judaic Studies at the Graduate Theological Union, University of California, Berkeley, and Adjunct Associate Professor in the Department of Near Eastern Languages, also at

Berkeley. He is the author of Gershom Scholem: Kabbalah and Counter-History (Cambridge, Mass., 1979), Power and Powerlessness in Jewish History (New York, 1986),

and Eros and the Jews (New York, 1992), and editor, with Michael Galchinsky and Susannah Heschel, of Insider/Outsider: American Jews and Multiculturalism (Berkeley, 1998). Volume I

Eugene C. Black is Ottilie Springer Professor of History at Brandeis University. He is the author of The Association: British Extra-Parliamentary Organization, 1763-1793 (Cambridge, Mass., 1963) and The Social Politics of Anglo-Jewry, 1880-1920 (Oxford, 1988), and editor of European Political History 1815-70 (New York, 1967) and Victorian Culture and Society (New York, 1973). Volume 2

Daniel Blatman is a lecturer at the Institute for Contemporary Jewry at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and a Research Fellow at the International Institute of Holocaust Studies at Yad Vashem. He has written widely on the topic of the Jews in Poland during the Holocaust. Among his publications is Lema’‘an herutenu veherutkhem: Habund bepolin 1939-1949 (For Your and Our Freedom: The Bund in Poland 19391949) Jerusalem, 1996). Volume 9

Stanislaus A. Blejwas is Professor of History at Central Connecticut State University, where he also co-ordinates the university’s Polish Studies Program. He works on both Polish and Polish American history. He is the author of Realism in Polish Politics: Warsaw Positivism and National Survival in Nineteenth-Century Poland (New Haven, 1984) and co-editor of Pastor of the Poles: Polish American Essays (New Britain, Conn., 1982). Volume 8

Jan Blonski is Professor of the History of Polish Literature at the Jagiellonian University in Krakéw. His many publications include Zmiana warty (The Changing of the Guard) (Warsaw, 1961); Odmarsz (Departure) (Krakéw, 1978); and Biedni Polacy patrzq na getto (The Poor Poles Look at the Ghetto) (Krakéw, 1994). Volume 2

Robert Braun is Adjunct Professor in the Department of Philosophy at Budapest’s University of Economic Sciences. His major publications on the Holocaust include: ‘The Holocaust and Problems of Historical Representation’, History and Theory, 33/2 (1994); Holocaust, elbeszélés, torténelem (Holocaust, Narrative, History) (Budapest, 1995);

196 , Notes on Contributors and ‘The Banality of Goodness: The Problem of Good and Evil in the Holocaust’, in R. Braham (ed.), Proceedings of the International Scholars’ Conference on the Holocaust in Hungary Fifty Years Later (New York, forthcoming). He is presently working on a book on a theory of narrative identity. Volume 11 Szyja Bronsztejn was Professor of Statistics in the Department of Law and Administration at the University of Wroclaw. His main interests were in the regional demography of Poland and the modern history of Polish Jews. Among his books are Ludnosé zydowska w Polsce w okresie miedzywojennym: Studium statystycne (The Jewish Community in Poland in the Inter-War Period: A Statistical Study) (Wroctaw, 1963); Procesy ludnosciowe na terenach uprzemystawianych: DoSwiadczenia polskie (Population Movements in Industrialized Areas: Some Polish Examples) (Wroctaw, 1980); and Z dziej6w ludnosci zydowskiej na Dolnym Slqsku po drugiej wojnie Swiatowej (The History of the Jews in Lower Silesia after the Second World War) (Wroclaw, 1993). Volume 8

Andrzej Bryk is a lecturer at the Institute for Constitutional History of the Jagiellonian University in Krakéw. He has written articles on the history of political ideas and on Polish—Jewish relations. Volume 4

Czestaw Brzoza is an Associate Professor (Doktor Habilitowany) at the Institute of History, Jagiellonian University, Krak6w. He specializes in modern Polish history, with an emphasis on the inter-war period. His publications include Proces 12 (The Trial of

the Twelve) (published underground in Warsaw, 1984); Reforma rolna w wojewddztwie krakowskim, 1945-1948 (Agrarian Reform in the Krakéw Province, 19451948) (Wroclaw, 1988); Bij bolszewika: Rok 1920 w przekazie historycznym i literackim (Beat the Bolshevik: The 1920 War in Historical and Literary Tradition) (Krakow, 1990); Polityczna prasa krakowska w latach 1918-1939 (The Political Press in Krakéw, 19181939) (Krakéw, 1991); and Z maja 1946 w Krakowie: Przebieg wydarzen i dokumenty

(May 1946 in Krakéw: The Course of Events, with Documents) (Krakow, 1996). Volume 7

Michael Burleigh is Distinguished Research Professor of History at the University of Wales at Cardiff and was previously Reader in the Department of International History at the London School of Economics and Political Science. He is the author of Germany Turns Eastwards (Cambridge, 1988); Death and Deliverance: ‘Euthanasia’ in Germany 1900-1945 (Cambridge, 1994); and Ethics and Extermination: Reflections on Nazi Genocide (New York, 1997); and, with Wolfgang Wipperman, The Racial State: Germany 1933-1945 (Cambridge, 1991). Volume 11

Julian J. Bussgang attended the University of London and MIT and received his doctorate in Applied Physics from Harvard University. Born in Lwéw in 1925, he and his family escaped in September 1939 to Romania and then to Palestine. After attending Polish high school in Tel Aviv he joined the Polish Second Corps and participated in the Italian campaign, including the battle of Monte Cassino. In recent years he has served as a volunteer consultant in Poland with the International Executive Service Corps. Together with his wife Fay he translated Dzieci Holocaustu Mowiq (Warsaw, 1993), wartime accounts of Holocaust survivors still living in Poland, published as The Last Eyewitnesses: Children of the Holocaust Speak (Northwestern University Press, 1997). Dr Bussgang’s brief autobiography ‘Haunting Memories’ is included in We Shall

Notes on Contributors 197 Not Forget! (Lexington, Mass., 1994). He serves on the Board of the American Association for Polish—-Jewish Studies and is co-editor of its newsletter, Gazeta. Volume 11

Jozef Buszko is a professor at the Jagiellonian University in Krakéw, where he has been Director of the Historical Institute, Pro-Rector, and First Deputy Rector. He has been the principal editor of Studia Historyczne since 1964, and is also an editor of Austro-Polonica. Among his books are Sejmowa reforma wyborcza w Galicji, 19051914 (Local Parliamentary Electoral Reform in Galicia, 1905-1914) (Krakéw, 1956); Ruch socjalistyczny w Krakowie 1890-1914 na tle ruchu robotniczego w Galicji (The Socialist Movement in Krakéw between 1890 and 1914 against the Background of the Workers’ Movement in Galicia) (Krakéw, 1961); and Historia Polski, 1864-1948 (The History of Poland, 1864—1948) (Krak6w, 1978). Volume 12

Alina Calta is a researcher at the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw. She is the author of Wizerunek Zyda w polskiej kulturze ludowej (Warsaw, 1987), published in English as The Image of the Jew in Polish Folk Culture (Jerusalem, 1995), and Asymilacja Zydéw w Krélestwie Polskim (1864-1897): Postawy, konflikty, stereotypy (The Assimilation of the Jews in the Kingdom of Poland (1864-1897): Attitudes, Conflicts, Stereotypes) (Warsaw, 1989). Her main field of interest is the history of Polish-Jewish relations. At present she is one of the organizers of a project to assess the strength and nature of antisemitism in Poland today. Volume 9

Kimmy Caplan is the author of ‘Haein zeh olam hafukh?’ Perakim betoledot hayeihem, biderashoteihem uvetehalikhe haretsef vehashinui biderashoteihem shel rabanim amerikaim ortodoksim: Bitekufat hahagirah hegedolah, (1881-1924) (‘Isn’t it an Upside-Down World?’ The Lives and Sermons, and Continuity and Change in the Sermons of American Orthodox Rabbis who Immigrated from Eastern Europe to America during the Mass Immigration Period (1881-1924) ) Jerusalem, 1995). Volume 11 Andrzej Chojnowski is a Docent at the Historical Institute of Warsaw University spe-

cializing in the political history of twentieth-century Poland. He is the author of Koncepcje polityki narodowosciowej rzqdéw polskich w latach 1921-1939 (Political Conceptions of the Nationality Policies of Polish Governments, 1921-1939) (Wroclaw, 1979) and Pitsudczycy u wtadzy: Dzieje Bezpartyjnego Bloku Wspolpracy z Rzqdem (The Pitsudski-ites in Power: A History of the Non-Party Bloc for Co-operation with the Government) (Wroclaw, 1986), and editor, with Piotr Wr6ébel, of Prezydenci i premierzy Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej (The Presidents and Premiers of the Second Republic) (Wroclaw, 1992). Volume 4

Andrzej S. Ciechanowiecki is an art historian and art dealer and the author of numerous books, catalogues, and articles in the field of art history and cultural history. He has been a member of the Home Army, chef de protocol in the Polish Government of National Unity (1945-6), a political prisoner (1950-6), and a lecturer at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow. He is a vice-president of the Polish Association of the Knights of Malta, decorated by various governments for his cultural activities, and a trustee of various Polish charities abroad. Volume 5 Joanna Rostropowicz Clark is a graduate of Warsaw University and received her Ph.D. in Comparative Literature from the University of Pennsylvania. A literary critic and a

teacher at Rutgers University, she is currently working on a book on ‘Poetry after Auschwitz: The Holocaust in Polish Literature’. Volume 7

198 Notes on Contributors Anna Clarke was born in Poland and spent her childhood years in L6dz until her family moved to Warsaw. The end of the war found her in Schleswig-Holstein. The day after armistice she became an interpreter and translator for the British military government. She married in London, returned to Germany with her husband, a member of the Allied Control Commission, and then emigrated to Canada in 1954. She taught the history of Russia and the Soviet Union at Carleton University, and international relations at Algonquin College in Ottawa. She was a regular contributor to the Polish Section of the International Service of the CBC. She has written two trans-

lations and commentaries on the work of Yehiel Trunk, shortly to be published in Poland. Volume 11

Paul Coates is Reader in Film Studies in the English Department of the University of Aberdeen. His publications include The Realist Fantasy (London, 1983), The Story of the Lost Reflection (London, 1985), The Gorgon’s Gaze: German Cinema, Expressionism

and the Image of Horror (New York, 1991), and Film at the Intersection of High and Mass Culture (New York, 1994), as well as articles on aspects of Polish literature and cinema. He is currently editing a volume of essays on Krzysztof Kieslowski. Volume 10

Stephen D. Corrsin is a librarian, and is now head of serials acquisitions in the Columbia University libraries. He has published historical and bibliographical studies on the Jews in Poland and on Polish—Jewish relations, and is the author of Warsaw before the First World War: Poles and Jews in the Third City of the Russian Empire (Boulder, Colo., 1989). His latest book, published by the Folklore Society, is on a completely different topic: Sword Dancing in Europe: A History (1997). Volume 12 Shmuel A. Cygielman, Senior Lecturer in Jewish History at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in Beersheva, is mainly engaged in research on the social, economic, and legal history of Polish Jewry to the nineteenth century. His books include Jewish Autonomy in Poland and Lithuania until 1648 (5408) Jerusalem, 1997). Volume 2

Norman Davies, MA (Oxon.), Ph.D. (Krak6w), and Fellow of the Royal Historical Society, is Professor of Polish History at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University of London, and has been Visiting Professor at McGill, Hokkaido, and Stanford universities. His books include White Eagle, Red Star: The Polish-Soviet War, 1919-20 (London, 1972); Poland Past and Present: A Bibliography of Works in English on Polish History (Newtonville, Mass., 1977); God’s Playground: A History of Poland, 2 vols. (New York, 1982); Heart of Europe: A Short History of Poland (Oxford, 1984); and Europe: A History (New York, 1996). Volume 4

Marian Marek Drozdowski is Professor of History at the Historical Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, and Director of the institute’s section on the his-

tory of Warsaw. He is chairman of the Citizens’ Committee for the Preservation of Jewish Cemeteries and Cultural Monuments in Poland. Among his books are Polityka gospodarcza rzqdu polskiego, 1935-1939 (The Economic Policy of the Polish Government, 1935-1939) (Warsaw, 1963); Klasa robotnicza Warszawy (The Working Class of Warsaw) (Warsaw, 1968); Stefan Starzynski, prezydent Warszawy (Stefan Starzynski, Mayor of Warsaw); and The American Revolution in Polish Socio-Historical Literature (Chicago, 1976). He is co-author of Jalta: Spor o Polske (Yalta: The Dispute over Poland) (Warsaw, 1998). Volume 3

Notes on Contributors 199 Artur Eisenbach (1906-92) was a distinguished historian of the Jewish experience in Poland and until his death was Professor Emeritus of Social History at the Historical Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw. Until 1968 he was Director of the Jewish Historical Institute, Warsaw. Among his books are Hitlerowska polityka eksterminacji Zydow (The Hitlerite Policy of Exterminating the Jews) (Warsaw, 1953); Kwestia rownouprawnienia Zyd6w w Krélestwie Polskim (The Question of the Emancipation of the Jews in the Congress Kingdom) (Warsaw, 1972); Wielka Emigracja Polska wobec kwestii zydowskiej (The Great Emigration and the Jewish Question) (Warsaw, 1976); Z dziejow ludnosci zydowskiej w Polsce w XVIII i XIX w (Some Aspects

of the History of Jews in Poland in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries) (Warsaw, 1983); and Emancypacja Zydow na ziemiach polskich (1780-1870) na tle europejskim

(The Emancipation of the Jews in the Polish Lands (1780-1870) in the European Context) (Warsaw, 1988). Volume 10

David Engel is Professor of Modern Jewish History at New York University and coeditor of the journal Gal-Ed: Studies on the History of the Jews in Poland. He is the author of In the Shadow of Auschwitz: The Polish Government-in-Exile and the Jews, 1939-1942 (Chapel Hill, 1987) and Facing a Holocaust: The Polish Government-inExile and the Jews, 1943-1945 (Chapel Hill, 1993). At present he is working on a study of the Jewish community in Poland after the Second World War. Volume 12

Immanuel Etkes is Professor of Modern Jewish History and the History of Jewish Education at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He has written widely on the history of hasidism, the Vilna Gaon and opposition to hasidism, the Haskalah, and the schol-

arly élite in Lithuania. His books include Lita biyerushalayim: Ha’elit halamdanit belita ukehilat haperushim biyerushalayim beor igerot ukhetavim shel r. shemuel mikhelm (Lithuania in Jerusalem: The Scholarly Elite in Lithuania and the Community of Emigrants in Jerusalem in Light of the Letters and Writings of Rabbi Shmuel of Chelm) Jerusalem, 1991); Rabbi Salanter and the Musar Movement: Seeking the Torah of Truth (Philadelphia, 1993); and Yahid bedoro: Hagaon mivilna—demut vedimui (Unique in his Generation: The Vilna Gaon—his Personality and Image) Jerusalem, 1998). Volume 12 Sylvia Barack Fishman is Assistant Professor of Contemporary Jewish Life in the Near Eastern and Judaic Studies Department and Senior Research Associate in the Cohen Center for Modern Jewish Studies, both at Brandeis University. In addition to numerous articles on American Jewish literature and sociology, she has written A Breath of Life: Feminism in the American Jewish Community (New York, 1993), Follow My Footsteps: Changing Images of Women in American Jewish Fiction (Hanover, NH, 1992), and Real Americans: The Evolving Identities of American Jews (New York, 1996), and was co-editor of Changing Jewish Life: Service Delivery and Planning in the 1990s (New York, 1991). Volume 9

M. R. D. Foot, born in 1919, was an officer in the British army from 1939 to 1945, rising to the rank of major. He was Professor of Modern History at Manchester for six years, and his books include a study of resistance and a short history of the Special Operations Executive. Volume 4

John P. Fox, Fellow of the Royal Historical Society, was British editor of Akten zur deutschen auswartigen Politik 1978-1945 from 1970 to 1987, and a tutor with the Open

200 Notes on Contributors University from 1977 to 1986. He is the author of Germany and the Far Eastern Crists, 1931-1938: A Study in Diplomacy and Ideology (New York, 1982) and Report on the 1987 Survey of United Kingdom Teaching on ‘The Holocaust’ or ‘Nazi Final Solution of the Jewish Question’ and Related Subjects (Leicester, 1989). He has written many articles on aspects of modern German history and the Holocaust. He is a member of the United Kingdom Yad Vashem Academic and Educational Sub-Committee and an Honorary Research Fellow in Holocaust Studies at the Centre for Holocaust Studies at Leicester University. He is currently completing a study on Adolf Hitler and the Jewish question. Volume 4

Adam Gatkowski is a historian attached to the Institute of History at the Polish Academy of Sciences, and since 1951 has been attached to the Polish Scholarly Centre in Paris. He has written many articles and reviews dealing with Polish history in the

nineteenth century. He is co-author and co-editor of the biographical dictionary Uczestnikéw ruchow wolnosciowych w Krolestwie Polskim, 1832-1855 (Participants in Freedom Movements in the Kingdom of Poland, 1832-1855) (Wroclaw, 1990), and has edited several volumes of documents from the period 1831-65. Volume 7

J6zef Garlinhski, former Home Army officer and inmate of Auschwitz, is a historian of the Second World War with several books to his credit. In 1973 he was awarded a Ph.D. by the London School of Economics and Political Science for his thesis “The Underground Movement in Auschwitz Concentration Camp’. This was published in English as Fighting Auschwitz and in French as Volontaire pour Auschwitz, it also had one Polish and two American editions. His most recent work is Swiat mojej pamieci (World of my Memory) (Warsaw, 1992). Volume 1

Bina Garncarska-Kadary was born and educated in Poland, where she worked in the Social Humanities Division of the Polish Academy of Sciences while at the same time researching for her doctorate. In 1968 she emigrated to Israel with her family, and in 1971 completed her doctorate on the role of Jews in the development of industry in Warsaw from 1816/20 to 1914 at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. It was published in 1985. Since then she has worked in the Diaspora Research Institute at Tel Aviv University. She has published many articles on the social and material conditions of the Jewish working class in Gal-Ed, Shevut, and Zion and is the author of Behipusei derekh: Po’alei tsiyon semol befolin ad milhemet ha’olam hasheniyah (The Left Po’alei Tsiyon in Poland up to the Second World War) (Tel Aviv, 1995). Volume 8

Tomasz Gasowski is a Docent at the Institute of History at the Jagiellonian University

in Krak6w, where he teaches on the history of the Jews on the Polish lands in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. He is the author of Miedzy gettem a swiatem: Dylematy ideowe Zydow galicyjskich na przetomie XIX i XX wieku (Between the Ghetto and the World: Ideological Dilemmas of the Jews of Galicia at the Turn of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries) (Krakow, 1997). Volume 12

Jedrzej Giertych is a lawyer, ex-diplomat, publicist, and writer. During the war he served in the Polish navy, and spent six years as a German prisoner of war. He has written over forty books on Polish history and politics. Volume 5 Frank Golczewski has been Professor of Modern History at the University of the German Federal Armed Forces in Hamburg since 1983. He was born in 1948 in Katowice,

Notes on Contributors 201 Poland, and obtained his doctorate (1973) and Habilitation (1979) in Cologne. His publications include Polnisch-jiidische Beziehungen, 1887-1922. Eine Studie zur Geschichte des Antisemitismus in Osteuropa (Wiesbaden, 1981) and K6élner Universitdtslehrer und der Nationalsozialismus (Cologne, 1988). Volume 4

Jacob Goldberg is Emeritus Professor of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and doctor honoris causa (1993) of the University of Warsaw. He previously taught at the University of L6dz, and has been Visiting Professor at a number of European universities. He has published over forty books and articles on the social and economic

history of the Jews in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, including Stosunki agrarne w miastach ziemi wielunskiej w drugiej potowie XVIII wieku (Agrarian Relationships in the Towns of the Wielun District in the Second Half of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries) (1960); Jewish Privileges in the Polish Commonwealth: Charters of Rights Granted to Jewish Communities in Poland-Lithuania in the Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries (a critical edition of original Latin and Polish documents with an English introduction and notes) (Jerusalem, 1985); and Hahevrah hayehudit bemamlekhet polin-lita (The Jewish Community in the Polish—Lithuanian Commonwealth) Jerusalem, 1999). Volume 10

Joseph Goldstein is Senior Lecturer in the Department of the History of the Jewish People, Haifa University, and at the Open University, Tel Aviv. He has written books and articles in various journals on the history of the early Zionist movement. His books include The History of the Zionists in Russia (1897-1903); his biography of Ahad Ha’am will appear shortly. Volume 5

Stanistaw Grodziski is a professor at the Jagiellonian University in Krak6w, where he has held the posts of Director of the Faculty of the Polish State and Law and Dean of the Department of Law and Administration. Among his books are Obywatelstwo w

szlacheckiej Rzeczypospolitej (Citizenship in the Noble Republic of Pre-Partition Poland) (Krakéw, 1963); Historia ustroju spoteczno-politycznego Galicji, 1772-1848 (The History of the Social and Political System in Galicia, 1772-1848) (Krakéw, 1971); W Krolestwie Galicji i Lodomerii (In the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria) (Krak6éw, 1976); and Sejm Krajowy galicyjski, 1861-1914 (The Galician Sejm, 1861-1914) (Warsaw, 1993). Volume 12

Jan Marek Gronhski was born in Lancut in 1939 and is a historian by education. Professionally he is a playwright and screenwriter; he is also the author of a documentary history of Polish cabaret and of works for both adults and children, and he writes a weekly column in Polityka. He is a member of the Association of Polish Writers. Volume 7

Natan Gross is a freelance writer living in Tel Aviv. Together with his son he has written a history of Israeli film. His autobiography, Kim jestes Panie Grimek? (Who are you, Mr Grimek?) (Kraké6w, 1991) describes his life in pre-war Poland and his survival during the war. Volume 6 Karol Griinberg is Professor of History at the Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun. He was born in Drohobycz, where one of his teachers was Bruno Schulz. His works include Nazi Front Schlesien: Organizacje niemieckie na Gérnym Slasku, 1933-1939 (Nazi Front Schlesien: German Organizations in Upper Silesia, 1933-1939) (Katowice,

202 Notes on Contributors 1963); Organizacje polityczne mniejszosci niemieckiej w Polsce w okresie miedzywojennym (German Minority Political Organizations in Poland Between the Wars) (Warsaw, 1970); SS: Czarna gwardia Hitlera (The SS: Hitler’s Black Guard) (Warsaw, 1975); Adolf Hitler: Biografia Fiithrera (Adolf Hitler: A Biography of the Fiihrer) (Warsaw, 1988); and

Czas wojny, 1939-1945: Wyktady z historii (Wartime, 1939-1945: History Lectures) (Torun, 1991). Volume 5

Zenon Guldon is Professor Emeritus at the University of Warsaw at Kielce. He is engaged mainly in research on the social and economic history of Poland and Polish Jews from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries. He is the co-author, with Jacek Wijaczka, of Procesy o mordy rytualne w Polsce w XVI-XVIII wieku (Ritual Murder Trials in Poland in the Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries) (Kielce, 1995). Volume 10

Alexander Guterman was born in Warsaw, where he graduated from the Government Seminary for Teachers of Judaism in 1934. In 1935 he emigrated to Palestine, where he completed his doctorate at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Among his publications are The Zionist Socialist Party (S.S.) in Russia, 1905-1906 (Heb.) (Tel Aviv, 1985);

From Assimilation to Nationalism: Chapters in the History of Warsaw’s Great Synagogue (Heb.) Jerusalem, 1993); and The Jewish Community in Warsaw Between the — Two World Wars: National Autonomy Limited by Law and Reality, 1917-1939 (Heb.) (Tel Aviv, 1997). Volume 11

[Y]Israel Gutman is Max and Rita Haber Professor of Holocaust Studies at the Institute of Contemporary Jewry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and Director of the Centre for Holocaust Studies at Yad Vashem. A member of the Jewish Fighting Organization, he took part in the Warsaw ghetto uprising. His books include Anashim ve’afar (Men and Ashes) (Jerusalem, 1956); Mered hanotserim: Mordekhai anielevits vemilhamot geto varsha (The Revolt of the Beseiged: Mordekhai Anielewicz and the Revolt of the Warsaw Ghetto) (Jlerusalem, 1963); The Jews of Warsaw, 1939-1943: Ghetto,

Underground, Revolt (Bloomington, 1982); and, with Shmuel Krakowski, Unequal Victims: Poles and Jews during World War II (New York, 1986). He is co-editor of Anatomy of the Auschwitz Death Camp (Bloomington, 1994) and Documents on the Holocaust: Selected Sources on the Destruction of the Jews of Germany and Austria, Poland, and the Soviet Union (Lincoln, Nebr., 1999). Volume 3 Joanna Hensel-Liwszicowa worked from 1970 to 1991 in the Historical Institute of the

Polish Academy of Sciences, where she undertook the quantitative investigation of sources such as notarial acts, tax registers, and entries in newspapers as a basis for a study of the bourgeoisie in the Kingdom of Poland in the nineteenth century. Volume 12

Adam A. Hetnal is Assistant Professor of History at the Southern Utah State College. He received his MA from the Jagiellonian University in Krak6w, and his doctorate from Vanderbilt University. He is the author of The Polish Question During the Crimean War, 1853-6 (forthcoming), and has written over fifty articles and 200 book reviews relating to Polish, Jewish, German, Russian, and French history. Volume 4 John-Paul Himka is Professor of East European History at the University of Alberta. He is the author of three monographs on Galicia in the late nineteenth century, the most recent of which is Religion and Nationality in Western Ukraine: The Greek

Notes on Contributors 203 Catholic Church and Ruthenian National Movement in Galicia, 1867-1900 (Montreal, 1999). He is currently working on the cultural history of Ukrainians before the codification of a national culture. Volume 12

Klaus Hédl is based at the Institute for Contemporary History at Karl Franzens University, Graz, Austria. His principal research interest is antisemitic stereotypes of the ‘Jewish body’ and the ‘sick Jew’. His most recent book is Zur Patholisierung des juidischen K6rpers. Juden, Geschlect und Medizin im Fin de Siécle Wien (The Pathologization of the Jewish Body: Jews, Gender,, and Medicine in Fin-de-Siécle Vienna) (Vienna, 1997). Volume 12

Jerzy Holzer is a professor in the Institute of Political Studies at the Polish Academy of Sciences. His books include Polska Partia Socjalistyczna w latach 1917-1919 (The

Polish Socialist Party, 1917-1919) (Warsaw, 1962); Mozajka polityczna Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej (The Political Mosaic of the Second Republic) (Warsaw, 1974); and Solidarnosé’, 1980-1: Geneza i historia (‘Solidarity’, 1980-1: Origins and History) (Paris, 1984). Volume 12

Yaroslav Hrytsak is Director of the Institute for Historical Research at L’viv State University and Visiting Professor at the Central European University in Budapest. He is the author of Dukh, shcho tilo rve do boyu: Sproba politychnoho portreta Ivana Franka (The Spirit that Moves to Battle: An Attempt at a Political Portrait of Ivan Franko) (L’viv, 1990) and Istoriya Ukrayiny: Formuvannia modernoyi ukrayins' koyi natsiyi (A History of Ukraine: The Making of a Modern Nation) (Kiev, 1996). Volume 12

Thomas C. Hubka is a professor in the Department of Architecture at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, where he specializes in the study of vernacular architecture. He has investigated the wooden synagogues of eastern Europe over a period of six years, including a year of research in Poland with support from the National Endowment for the Arts. He is currently in Jerusalem studying the liturgy and prayer of the eighteenth century east European Jewish community with support grants from the National Endowment for the Humanities. Volume 10 Gershon David Hundert is Professor of History and Chair of the Department of Jewish Studies at McGill University. He is the author of The Jews in a Polish Private Town: The Case of Opatéw in the Eighteenth Century (Baltimore, 1992), and co-author of The Jews in Poland and Russia (Bloomington, 1984). His major research interest has been the history of the Jews in early modern Poland. Volume 10

Julian [icki is a researcher in Jewish social studies in the Department of Sociology, University of Uppsala. He left Poland in 1969 because of the antisemitic campaign there. He has published articles on Jewish identity, the Middle East conflict, and Israel. His doctoral thesis is a study of perceptions of national identity among members of the younger generation of Polish Jews who emigrated to Sweden between 1968 and 1972. He has published two monographs in Swedish on Jewish identity. Volume 4 Mieczystaw Inglot is Professor of Polish Literature at the University of Wroctaw. His publications include Polskie czasopisma literackie ziem litewsko-ruskich w latach 1832-1851 (Polish Literary Periodicals of the Lithuanian—Ukrainian Lands, 1832-1851) (Warsaw, 1966); Norwid: Z dziejow recepcji tworczos ‘ci (Norwid: The History of his Crit-

ical Reception) (Warsaw, 1983); Swiat komedii fredrowskich (The World of Fredro’s

204 Notes on Contributors Comedies) (Wroctaw, 1986); and Polska kultura literacka Lwowa lat 1939-1941. Ze Lwowa i o Lwowie: Lata sowieckiej okupacjt w poezji polskiej (Polish Literary Culture in Lwéw, 1939-1941. From Lw6w and about Lwo6w: The Years of Soviet Occupation in Polish Poetry) (Wroclaw, 1995). Volume 2

Iwona Irwin-Zarecka is Assistant Professor of Sociology and Communication Studies at Wilfrid Laurier University in Waterloo, Canada. Having grown up in Warsaw she left for Canada in 1973, later to pursue her graduate studies at the University of California,

San Diego. Her current work includes a project dealing with the process of transmitting and transforming Polish—Jewish relations in the context of Canada’s multiculturalism. She is the author of Neutralizing Memory: The Jew in Contemporary Poland (New Brunswick, 1989) and Frames of Remembrance: The Dynamics of Col-

lective Memory (New Brunswick, 1994). Volume 4 Anna Izydorczyk is a research worker attached to the Biatystok campus of the University of Warsaw. Volume 4 Louis Jacobs is the founding rabbi of the New London Synagogue, established in 1964, and Visiting Professor in Jewish Studies at Lancaster University. He is the author of many books on aspects of Judaism, including A Jewish Theology (London, 1973), Hasidic Prayer (New York, 1973), Holy Living: Saints and Saintliness in Judaism (Northvale, NJ, 1990), Jewish Mystical Testimonies (New York, 1977), and The Jewish Religion: A Companion (Oxford, 1995). Volume 11

Jan Jagielski is vice-president of the Citizens’ Committee for the Preservation of Jewish Cemeteries and Cultural Monuments in Poland. He has published several arti-

cles on this subject, and is the author of Niezatarte slady Getta Warszawskiego (Uneffaced Traces of the Warsaw Ghetto) (Warsaw, 1997). Volume 5 Julian Janczak is Professor of History at the University of Lodz. His field of research is demography and social history. Among his works is Ludnosé€ Lodzi przemystowej, 1820-1914 (The Population of Industrial L6dz, 1820-1914) (Lodz, 1982). Volume 6

Stanistaw Jankowski is an architect and town planner. During the war he participated in the Warsaw Uprising as an officer of the Home Army, for which he was awarded the Virtuti Militari and other decorations. He has been involved in a number of architec-

tural projects all over the world, including the rebuilding of Skopje after the earthquake there, and was co-planner of the Memorial Route of Jewish Martyrdom and Struggle, created for the forty-fifth anniversary of the Ghetto Uprising in Warsaw in 1988. He is the recipient of many international architectural prizes and awards. Volume 5

Karol Jonca is Chair of the Department of Political and Legal Thought in the Faculty of Law at Wroctaw University. He specializes in the history of modern political ideas and in fascism, and is the editor of Studia nad faszyzmem i zbrodniami hitlerowskimi (Studies on Fascism and Nazi Crimes). He has published many articles and books, most recently Noc krysztatowa z 9-10 XI 1938 r. i casus Herschela Grynszpana (Kristallnacht, 9-10 November 1938 and the Case of Herschel Grynszpan) (Wroclaw, 1992). Volume 8

Maria Kamihska is a professor and the Director of the Department of the History of the Polish Language and Slavic Philology at the University of Lodz. She is the author of

Notes on Contributors 205 numerous works on the dialects and slang of central Poland, including the Lodz region. Volume 6

Tamara Karren was a writer and poet living in London. She is the author of a monodrama on Janusz Korczak and has published a volume of poems entitled Czarne niebo (Black Sky) (London, 1986). Volume 6

Dora Katzenelson was born in Bialystok in 1921. She spent the war in the USSR. In the 1960s she worked as a teacher in Chita, eastern Siberia, where she conducted research

on Poles deported to the Nerchinsk penal colony in the nineteenth century. For the past twenty-five years she has worked in Drohobycz, west Ukraine, and since her retirement has been studying Polish and Jewish materials in the L’viv archives. Volume 7

Krystyna Kersten is a professor at the Institute of History of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw. Her main interest is contemporary Polish history, and her works are devoted to the social and political history of Poland after 1944 and to the movements of the population during and after the war. She is the author of Repatriacja ludnosci Polskiej po II wojnie Swialowej (The Repatriation of the Polish Population after the Second World War) (Wroctaw, 1974); Polska 1943-1948: Narodziny systemu wtadzy (Poland 1943-1948: Origins of the System of Government) (Paris, 1986); and Polacy, Zydzi, Komunizm: Anatomia pétprawd, 1939-1947 (Poles, Jews, Communism: The Anatomy of Half-Truths, 1939-1947) (Warsaw, 1992). Volume 4

Ross Kessel was professor and head of the Medical Humanities Program at the University of Maryland, Baltimore. He now lives in England. Volume 9

Mark Kiel is rabbi of Congregation B’nai Israel in Emerson, New Jersey and Visiting Assistant Professor of Jewish History at the Jewish Theological Seminary. His dissertation deals with the study of Jewish folklore and nationalism in Russia. Volume 7 Stefan Kieniewicz was Emeritus Professor at the University of Warsaw until his death in 1992. He wrote extensively on nineteenth-century Polish history, and his books

, include Spoteczenstwo polskie w powstaniu poznarskim, 1848 (Polish Society in the Poznan Uprising, 1848) (Warsaw, 1960); Historia Polski, 1795-1918 (The History of Poland, 1795-1918) (Warsaw, 1968); and Powstanie styczniowe (The January Uprising) (Warsaw, 1972). Volume 4 John D. Klier is Professor of History at Fort Hays State University in Hays, Kansas. He is the author of Russia Gathers her Jews: The Origins of the Jewish Question’ in Russia, 1772-1825 (De Kalb, Ill., 1986) and Imperial Russia’s Jewish Question, 1855-1881 (Cambridge, 1995). Volume 1

Jerzy Ktoczowski fought in the Home Army and received the Virtuti Militari and other decorations. Since 1950 he has been Professor at the Catholic University of Lublin, and since 1957 Director of the University’s Centre for the Study of the Socio-Religious

Geography and History of Poland. In 1980 he became vice-president of the International Commission for Comparative Ecclesiastical History. He has been a Visiting Professor at the University of Paris, Sorbonne, and a Visiting Fellow at Merton College Oxford and at the University of Madison, Wisconsin. Volume 3

Ariel Kochavi is a lecturer in History at the University of Haifa. He is the author of several articles on British foreign policy, displaced persons, and war criminals. His

206 Notes on Contributors book on displaced persons and international politics will shortly be published in Hebrew. Volume 7

Gabriele Kohlbauer-Fritz studied Russian language and literature and Jewish Studies at the universities of Vienna and Moscow. She wrote her doctoral dissertation on Russian religious philosophers and Judaism, and has published several articles on

Yiddish and Yiddish literature. Since 1993 she has been a curator at the Jewish Museum in Vienna. Volume 12

Leszek Kolakowski was Professor of the History of Philosophy at the University of Warsaw until 1968, when he was expelled for political reasons. He is a Fellow of All

, Souls College Oxford, and Professor of Philosophy at the University of Chicago. In 1977 he was awarded the Peace Prize of the German Publishers’ and Booksellers’ Association, and in 1983 the Erasmus Prize. His publications include Husserl and the Search for Certitude (New Haven, 1975), Main Currents of Marxism (Oxford, 1978), and Religion (New York, 1982). Volume 4

Janusz Korek is a research assistant in the Faculty of Slavic and Baltic Languages at the University of Stockholm. He ran an unofficial publishing house in Poland and was interned during the period of martial law. After losing his job and being expelled from

Poland he moved to Sweden. He wrote his doctoral dissertation on the political thought of the émigré monthly Kultura. He is co-editor of Acta suedo-polonica and translated the work of the Swedish poet Bruno Ojijer into Polish under the title Gdy trucizna dziata (When Poison Works) (Warsaw, 1993). He has published widely on contemporary Polish and Swedish literature. Volume 12

Pawel Korzec was a professor at the University of L6dZ until 1968 and is now a researcher at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in Paris. Among his works are Juifs en Pologne (Paris, 1980) and, with Jacques Burko, Le Gouvernement polonais en exil et la persecution des juifs en France en 1942: D’aprés des documents inédits (Paris, 1997). Volume 4

Hanna Kozihska-Witt was born in Krak6w in 1957 and studied history at the Jagiellonian University and the University of Tiibingen. At present she is working on

the history and culture of Polish Jews in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Volume 12

Shmuel Krakowski was born in Poland and educated at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He is Senior Adviser and former Director of Yad Vashem Archives. He is the author of The War of the Doomed: Jewish Armed Resistance in Poland, 1942-1944 (New York, 1984) and, with Israel Gutman, Unequal Victims: Poles and Jews during World War Two (New York, 1986), and editor, with Lucja Pawlicka, of Mowig Swiadkowie Chelmna (The Witnesses of Chelmno Speak) (Konin and L6dZ, 1996). Volume 9

Jack Kugelmass is Assistant Professor of Anthropology and Folklore at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He is currently working on a series of essays on the culture of New York City. He is the editor of Going Home (Evanston, Ill., 1993), a YIVO annual devoted to Jewish tourism and the concept of the ‘old country’, co-editor of From a Ruined Garden: The Memorial Books of Polish Jewry (New York, 1983), and author of Between Two Worlds: Ethnographic Essays on American Jewry (Ithaca, 1988) and The

Notes on Contributors 207 Miracle of Intervale Avenue: Aging with Dignity in the South Bronx (New York, 1986). Volume 4

Ewa Kurek-Lesik wrote her doctorate at the Catholic University of Lublin on the concealment of Jewish children in convents in Poland between 1932 and 1945. She has undertaken research in Poland, the USA, and Israel, and has recorded the memories

of many nuns and rescued children on videotape. Her thesis has been published under the title Gdy klasztor znaczyt zycie (When the Cloister Meant Life) (Krakéw, 1992). She is also the author of Zydzi, Polacy, czy po prostu ludzie (Jews, Poles, or Simply People) (Lublin, 1992). Volume 3

Zbigniew Landau is head of the Department of Economic and Social History at the

Warsaw School of Economics and principal editor of Encyclopedia Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej (Encyclopedia of the Second Republic). His main interest is Polish and general economic history of the twentieth century. He has written or co-authored many books. Volume 8

Anna Landau-Czajka works in the section for inter-war Poland at the Historical Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences. She wrote her doctorate on the ideology of the extreme right in inter-war Poland. At present she is preparing her Habilitation on ‘Concepts for “Solving” the Jewish Question in Poland between 1933 and 1938’.

: Volume 11

Paul Latawski is Assistant Professor of International Relations at New England , College and an Honorary Visiting Fellow at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies at the University of London. He has published articles on east European history, and is a contributor to the official history series of the US army. He is the author

: of The Security Route to Europe: The Visegrad Four (London, 1994) and The Trans| formation of the Polish Armed Forces: Preparing for NATO (London, 1999). Volume 5 Eli Lederhendler, a graduate of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America, lectures in Jewish history at Tel Aviv University. He is also the managing editor of Studies in Contemporary Jewry, the annual publication of the Institute of Contemporary Jewry of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He is the author of The Road to Modern Jewish Politics: Political Tradition and Political Reconstruction in the Jewish Community of Tsarist Russia (New York, 1989) and Jewish Responses to Modernity: New Voices in America and Eastern Europe (New York, 1994). Volume 2 George J. Lerski is Emeritus Professor of Modern European History at the University of Chicago and vice-president of the Polish-American Congress. Among his publications are A Polish Chapter in Jacksonian America (Wisconsin, 1958), Herbert Hoover and Poland (Stanford, 1977), Emisariusz JUR (The Emissary JUR) (London, 1984), and, together with his wife Halina, Jewish—Polish Co-existence, 1772-1939: A Topical Bibliography (New York, 1986). Volume 2

Mark Levene lectures in the Department of Modern History at the University of Warwick. He is the author of War, Jews and the New Europe: The Diplomacy of Lucien Wolf 1914-1919 (Oxford, 1992) and co-editor of The Massacre in History (Providence, RI, 1998). Volume 8

Dov Levin is a survivor of the Kovno ghetto and also fought as a partisan during the Second World War. He emigrated to Palestine in 1945 and is currently a researcher

208 Notes on Contributors both at the Institute of Contemporary Jewry at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where he is Director of the institute’s Oral History Division, and at Yad Vashem. He has published many books and articles on Baltic Jewry during and after the Second World War, including Fighting Back: Lithuanian Jewish Armed Resistance to the Nazis (New York, 1985), which was awarded the Yitzhak Sadeh Prize, and Baltic Jewry Under the Soviets (Jerusalem, 1994). Volume 9

Jozef Lewandowski is a historian specializing in central and eastern Europe. His most important books are Federalizm: Litwa i Biatorus w polityce obozu belwederskiego (Federalism: Lithuania and Byelorussia in the Politics of the Pilsudski-ite Camp) (Warsaw, 1962); Imperializm stabosci (The Imperialism of Weakness) (Warsaw, 1967); The Swedish Contribution to the Polish Resistance Movement (Uppsala, 1979); and a memoir, Cztery dni w Atlantydzie (Four Days in Atlantis) (Uppsala, 1991). He has also written numerous articles on political and historical topics. Since 1969 he has been a political refugee in Sweden, where, until his retirement, he was Professor of History at Uppsala University. Volume 11

Jerzy Lewinski was born in Turek in 1911. He went to school in L6dZ and studied law at Warsaw University. He was an officer in the Polish army and fought in the resistance in Warsaw. After the war he was a prosecutor in Polish war crimes trials and subsequently acted as legal counsel to the Polish film industry. Volume 7 Stanistaw Liszewski is Professor of Economic Geography and head of the Department of Urban Geography at the University of L6dz. He has written widely on the geography of towns and tourism. His main interests lie in research on urban structure and

the spatial differentiation of living conditions in towns and tourist settlements. Volume 6

Pawel Machcewicz studied history at the University of Warsaw and is an assistant professor at the Institute of Political Studies in Warsaw. His books include Polski rok 1956 (The Polish Year 1956) (Warsaw, 1993), an analysis of public opinion, collective behaviour, and mass movements based on newly available archival sources, and the biography Wladystaw Gomutka (Warsaw, 1995). Volume 9 Shaul Magid received his doctorate from the Department of Near Eastern and Judaic Studies at Brandeis University and has lectured at Rice University in Texas. At present he is an assistant professor at the Jewish Theological Seminary, New York. Volume 11 Jacek Maria Majchrowski is a Docent at the Institute of Political Science at the Jagiellonian University and Dean of the Faculty of Law. Among his publications are Geneza politycznych ugrupowan katolickich (The Origins of Catholic Political Groupings) (Paris, 1984); Silni, zwarci, gotowi: Mysl polityczna Obozu Zjednoczenia Narodowego (Strong, United, Ready: The Political Thought of the Camp of National Unity) (Warsaw, 1985); S2kice z historti polskie] prawicy politycznej w latach Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej (Outline

of the History of the Polish ‘Right’ in the Second Republic) (Krakéw, 1986); and Ugrupowania monarchistyczne w latach Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej (Monarchical Groupings in the Years of the Second Republic) (Krakéw, 1988). Volume 3 Jerzy Malinowski works at the Institute for Art History at the University of Warsaw. He

is principally interested in the twentieth century, and is the author of Grupa Jung

Notes on Contributors 209 Idysz’ i zydowskie Srodowisko ‘Nowe Sztuki’ w Polsce (The “Young Yiddish’ Group and

the Jewish Milieu for ‘New Art’ in Poland) (Warsaw, 1987) and Maurycy Gottlieb

| (Warsaw, 1997). Volume 6 Rachel Manekin is a doctoral candidate in the Department of the History of the Jewish People at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, where she is completing her dissertation ‘The Growth and Development of Jewish Orthodoxy in Galicia: the “Machsike

Hadas” Organization 1878-1912’. A graduate of the Hebrew University and the University of Maryland, her area of specialization is nineteenth-century Galician Jewry. She is an archivist at the Central Archives for the History of the Jewish People in Jerusalem. Volume 12

Alina Margolis-Edelman was born in L6dz and spent the war in the ghetto and on the ‘Aryan side’ in Warsaw. A paediatrician, she has worked in L6dzZ’s Clinic for the Diseases of Children. She is associated with Médecins du Monde, and has participated in aid missions to El Salvador, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Afghanistan, Lebanon, and Chad; she has also taken part in the rescue of boat people in the China Sea. For many years she also worked in the association SOS—Help to the Sick in Poland. From 1990 © to 1992 she ran the Warsaw Office for Assistance to Social Initiatives of Médecins du Monde and organized a shelter for the homeless. Since 1991 she has worked for the foundation Nobody’s Children in Warsaw, and has been involved in the rescue of street children in St Petersburg. Volume 11 Peter J. Martyn completed an MA at the School of Slavonic and East European Studies at the University of London. He spent over a year at the Polish philology and history faculties of the University of Warsaw, and is presently at Salford University preparing

a doctorate on Warsaw’s tenement housing in relation to the city’s urban and social transformations. Volume 3 Krystyn Matwijowski is Professor of Polish and General History at the University of Wroclaw. He is interested in the history of Poland from the sixteenth to the eighteenth

centuries, the history of Silesia, and the history of national minorities in Poland. Among his books are Uroczystosci i obchody w barokowym Wroctawiu (Festivities . and Celebrations in Baroque Breslau) (Wroclaw, 1969); Pierwsze sejmy za Jana III Sobieskiego (The First Sejms under Jan III Sobieski) (Wroctaw, 1976); and Sejm Grodzieriski, 1678-79 (The Grodno Sejm, 1678-79) (Wroctaw, 1985). Volume 5

Jadwiga Maurer is Professor of Slavic Languages and Literatures at the University of Kansas. She has written many articles and essays on Polish literature. Her volume of fiction Liga ocalatych (The League of the Rescued) (London, 1970), won the London Wiadomosci Award in 1971. She is also the author of ‘Z matki obcej . . .’: Szkic o powigzaniach Mickiewicza ze Swiatem Zydéw (From an Alien Mother: Sketches on the Links between Mickiewicz and the Jewish World) (London, 1990). Volume 5 Stanistaw Meducki was born in Kielce and studied history at the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan; He has written widely on economic history and the politics of the Second World War and the post-war period. He is the Director of the Department of Economic History at Swietokrzyska Polytechnic. Volume 9

210 Notes on Contributors Ezra Mendelsohn is a professor at the Institute of Contemporary Jewry and in the Department of Russian Studies at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He has written Class Struggle in the Pale (Cambridge, 1970), Zionism in Poland: The Formative Years 1905-26 (London, 1981), Jews of East Central Europe between the Two World Wars (Bloomington, Ind., 1983), and On Modern Jewish Politics (New York, 1983). He recently edited Essential Papers on Jews and the Left (New York, 1997). Volume 8

Sergiusz Michalski is an art historian with an interest in Jewish history. He obtained his doctorate from the University of Warsaw, where he was a lecturer from 1973 to 1984. Since 1984 he has been a lecturer at the University of Augsburg. He is doing research on Mannerism, the Reformation, and art, and on eighteenth-century French painting, and is the author of The Protestants and Art (Warsaw, 1985) and Public Monuments: Art in Political Bondage, 1870-1997 (London, 1998). Volume 4

Czestaw Mitosz was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1980. He is Emeritus

Volume 1 :

Professor of Slavic Languages and Literatures at the University of California, Berkeley.

Moshe Mishkinsky was Emeritus Professor of Jewish History at Tel Aviv University, and from 1971 to 1985 served as editor of Gal-Ed: Studies on the History of the Jews in

Poland. He was also the head of the section for the history of the Jewish Labour Movement at the Rosenberg School of Jewish Studies, and editor of its serial Sources

and Research. Volume 5 |

Erica Nadelhaft received an MA in Holocaust Studies from the Institute of Contemporary Jewry at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. She is currently completing a Ph.D. in the Department of Near Eastern and Judaic Studies at Brandeis University on the Jewish community of Piotrk6w Trybunalski from 1939 to 1945. She is the author of The Pioneering Zionist Youth Movements in Warsaw, 1939-1941 Jerusalem, 1990). Volume 9

Zenon Hubert Nowak is Professor of History at the Mikotaj Kopernik University in Torun. He is principally interested in the history of central and eastern Europe in the late Middle Ages and in the history and culture of Jews in the towns of Prussia. Volume 7

Leszek Olejnik works in the Institute of Political Science at the University of Lodz. He

is principally interested in recent Polish history, including the social and political history of L6dz and its region. Volume 6

Magdalena Opalski teaches at Carleton and York University in Ontario, Canada. She is the author of The Jewish Tavern-Keeper and his Tavern (Jerusalem, 1986) and, with Israel Bartal, of Poles and Jews: A Failed Brotherhood (Hanover, NH, 1992). She has also edited a special issue of The Polish Review devoted to Polish—Jewish cultural relations (1987). Volume 4 Israel Oppenheim is Associate Professor of the History of the Jewish People in Eastern Europe at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev. He has published many articles on the history of Zionist youth movements in eastern Europe and on the position of Polish Jewry as reflected in twentieth-century Polish historiography. His books include The History of the Hehalutz in Poland, 2 vols. (Jerusalem, 1982; Kiryat Sedeh-Boker, 1993)

Notes on Contributors 211 and The Struggle of Jewish Youth for Productivization: The Zionist Youth Movement in

Poland (Boulder, Colo., 1989). He is currently writing a book on the attitude of the Polish National Democratic Party towards the Jewish question from 1886 to 1939. Volume 5

Annamaria Orla-Bukowska is Lecturer in Sociology at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow. Her doctoral thesis deals with Polish-Jewish relations in a small Polish town. Volume 8

Andrzej Paczkowski is Professor at the Institute of Political Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw and head of the research unit dealing with modern political history. His books include Prasa polska, 1918-1939 (The Polish Press, 1918-1939) (Warsaw, 1980); Prasa i spotecznosé polska we Francji, 1920-1940 (The Press and the Polish Community in France, 1920-1940) (Wroclaw, 1979); and Stanistaw Mikotajczyk (Warsaw, 1991). Volume 8

Ewa Pankiewicz is a research worker attached to the Bialystok campus of the University of Warsaw. Volume 4

Adam Penkalla is a lecturer at the Institute of History of the Higher School of Education in Kielce. He is interested in the social history of the Jews in the Radom and

Kielce regions in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. He is also compiling an inventory of Jewish cemeteries and synagogues in the area for conservation purposes.

His books include Zydzi na terenie gubernii radomskiej w latach 1815-1862 (The Jewish Population of the Province of Radom, 1815-1862) (Radom, 1991); Zydowskie Slady w wojewddztwie kieleckim i radomskim (Jewish Traces in the Provinces of Kielce and Radom) (Radom, 1992); and Akta dotyczqce Zyd6w w Radomskim Archiwum Panstwowym (Documents Concerning Jews in the Radom State Archives) Jerusalem, 1998). Volume 5

Gertrud Pickhan is a member of the research staff of the German Historical Institute in Warsaw, where she is working on the history of the Bund in the inter-war period. She completed her doctorate on medieval Russian history at the University of Hamburg. She is the author of Gospodin Pskov. Entstehung und Entwicklung eines stadtischen Herrschaftszentrums in Altrussland (Berlin, 1992). Volume 10 Maria and Kazimierz Piechotka are architects and architectural historians. They have practised as architects in post-war Poland and together have written over 130 books and articles on the history of architecture, housing developments, and the mecha-

nization of construction. Among their works are Bdznice drewniane (Wooden | Synagogues) (Warsaw, 1955; English translation Warsaw, 1959); Zatozenia techniczne

zintegrowanego przemystu budowlanego (The Technical Bases of an Integrated Building Industry) (1978); and Bramy nieba: Béznice drewniane na ziemiach dawnej Rzeczypospolitej (Gates of Heaven: Wooden Synagogues in the Lands of the Old Republic) (Warsaw, 1996). Volume 5

Krzysztof Pilarczyk is a lecturer at the Jagiellonian University in Krakéw and is in charge of bibliographical research in the Workshop for the Bibliography of the Jewish Book at the university’s Centre for the History and Culture of Polish Jews. He is coeditor of Judaika polskie z XVI-XVIII wieku: Materiaty do bibliografii (Polish Judaica

212 Notes on Contributors , of the Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries: Bibliographical Materials) (Krak6w, 1995). Volume 5

Richard Pipes is Baird Professor of History at Harvard University. His most recent books are The Russian Revolution (New York, 1990), Russia under the Bolshevik Regime (New York, 1994), and Property and Freedom (New York, 1999). Volume 9

Tomasz Polanski is researching the history of Jews in Krak6w in the city’s Jewish Museum. He is a graduate of the History Institute of the Jagiellonian University. Volume 5

Antony Polonsky is Albert Abramson Professor of Holocaust Studies at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum and Brandeis University. Until 1991 he was Professor of International History at the London School of Economics and Political Science. He is chair of the editorial board of Polin, author of Politics in Independent Poland (Oxford, 1972), The Little Dictators (London, 1975), and The Great Powers and

the Polish Question (London, 1976), and co-author of A History of Modern Poland (1980) and The Beginnings of Communist Rule in Poland (London, 1981). Volume 12 Andrzej Poppe is Professor of Medieval History at the University of Warsaw, specializ-

ing in the history of the eastern Slavs and their reception of Christianity. He is coeditor of Russia Medievalis, and the author of The Rise of Christian Russia (London, 1982). Volume 3

Dina Porat is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Jewish History, head of the Project for the Study of Antisemitism at Tel Aviv University, and author of The Blue and the Yellow Stars of David: The Zionist Leadership in Palestine and the Holocaust, 19391945 (Cambridge, Mass., 1991). She edited the original Hebrew version (Tel Aviv, 1988) of Avraham Tory’s Surviving the Holocaust: The Kovno Ghetto Diary, ed. Martin Gilbert (Cambridge, Mass., 1991), and provided the historical and textual notes for the English edition. She is a member of the Scientific Committee and of the Board of the Yad Vashem International Centre for Holocaust Research. Volume 9 Teresa Prekerowa graduated as a historian from the University of Warsaw, and worked for many years in various publishing houses. She is the author of Konspiracyjna Rada Pomocy Z ydom w Warszawie, 1942-1945 (The Underground Council for Aid to Jews in Warsaw, 1942-1945) (Warsaw, 1982); Zarys dziejow Zydéw w Polsce w latach 19391945 (An Outline of the History of the Jews in Poland, 1939-1945) (Warsaw, 1992), and has written many articles on Polish Jewish themes. Volume 9

Eugenia Prokop6wna teaches modern Polish literature at the Jagiellonian University in Krak6w. Her major essay ‘Kafka w Polsce miedzywojennej’ (Kafka in Inter-War Poland), originally published in Polish in Pamietnik Literacki, will soon be published in Jerusalem in the series Studies on Polish Jewry. Volume 4 Peter Pulzer is Gladstone Professor of Government and Public Administration at the University of Oxford and a Fellow of All Souls College. He is the author of The Rise of Political Antisemitism in Germany and Austria (rev. edn. Cambridge, Mass., 1988), Jews and the German State: The Political History of a Minority, 1848-1933 (Oxford, 1992), and Germany, 1870-1945: Politics, State Formation, and War (New York, 1997). Volume 4

Notes on Contributors 213 Wieslaw Pus is Professor of History at the University of L6dz, where he is head of research on the history of industry in Poland and the history of Jews in the L6dz region. He has published four books on the industrial history of L6dz and one on the history of the town itself. He is President of the L6dz section of the Polish Historical society. Volume 6

Stefan Pytlas works in the Institute of History at the University of L6dz. His scholarly interests lie in the history of industry and of the bourgeoisie in Poland before 1918. He is the author of Lé6dzka burzuazja przemystowa w latach 1864-1914 (The Industrial Bourgeoisie of L6dz, 1864-1914) (L6dz, 1994). Volume 6 Laura Quercioli-Mincer is an Italian scholar and works in Rome with Jewish organiza-

tions. She has held research scholarships in Poland and at the Oxford Institute for Polish-Jewish Studies, and has published several articles about Polish Jewish literature in post-war Poland. Volume 7 Harry Rabinowicz, a descendant of famous hasidic families of Poland, was the region-

al rabbi of Cricklewood, Willesden, and Brondesbury synagogues in London. He received his Ph.D. from the University of London and his rabbinical diploma from the Jews’ College, London. He is the author of many books, including The Encyclopedia of Hasidism. Volume 11

Anna Radziwill has been a teacher since 1959. In 1966 she was awarded a doctorate for her thesis on the educational ideology of the Sanacja; owing to political censorship this was never published. In 1989 she was elected to the Polish Senate on Solidarity’s list. She is the author of Ideologia wychowawcza w latach 1949-1956 (The Ideology of Education, 1949-1956) (1981). Volume 4

Shimon Redlich is Professor of Modern History at Ben-Gurion University, BeerSheva, Israel. He is the author of Propaganda and Nationalism in Wartime Russia: The Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee in the USSR 1941-1948 (Boulder, Colo., 1982) and coeditor of War, Holocaust and Stalinism: A Documented Study of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee in the USSR (Luxembourg, 1995). Volume 11

Alexandra Reiche is a doctoral student at the University of Oxford. She studied at the University of California, Berkeley and at the University of Géttingen. She is presently working on a thesis on German national identity. Volume 4 Elchanan Reiner is Professor in the Department of Jewish History and in the Institute for Diaspora Research at the University of Tel Aviv. He is the author of Arba’at batei hakneset hasefaradiyim al shem r. yohanan ben zakai (The Four Sephardi Synagogues Dedicated to Rabbi Yohanan ben Zakai) (Jerusalem, 1977) and Aliyah ve'aliyah beregel

leerets yisrael 1099-1517 (Emigration and Emigration on Foot to Erets Yisrael,

1099-1517) Jerusalem, 1988). Volume 10

Emanuel Ringelblum (1900-44) was one of the leading younger Jewish historians in inter-war Poland. He received his doctorate from the University of Warsaw in 1927 for a thesis on the history of the Jews in Warsaw in the Middle Ages. After the creation of the Warsaw ghetto he was the principal organizer of the Oneg Shabbes underground archive. His diary Ksovim fun getto (Ghetto Notes) (Tel Aviv, 1985; shortened English edn. 1958), and his important study Stosunki polsko-zydowskie w czasie drugiej wojny

214 Notes on Contributors Swiatowe): Uwagi i spostrzezenia (Polish-Jewish Relations During the Second World War: Observations and Remarks) (Warsaw, 1958; English edn. New York, 1976), both survived the war and are crucial documents for understanding the implementation of the Nazi ‘final solution’ in Poland. Volume 12 Ritchie Robertson is a University Lecturer in German at the University of Oxford anda Fellow of St John’s College. He has published Kafka: Judaism, Politics, and Literature (Oxford, 1985; German translation, 1988) and Heine in the Jewish Thinkers series (London, 1988), and has translated E. T. A. Hoffmann’s The Golden Pot and Other Tales (New York, 1992) and Heine’s Selected Prose (London, 1993). He is editor, with Professor Edward Timms, of the yearbook Austrian Studies, as well as of Theodor Herzl and the Origins of Zionism (Edinburgh, 1997). Volume 7

Ira Robinson is Professor of Judaic Studies and Chair of the Department of Religion,

Concordia University, Montreal. Volume 11 7 Edward Rogerson writes on various aspects of east European culture and history. His

articles on contemporary Polish cinema have appeared in Sight and Sound and Encounter. He is currently preparing a study of the social reconstruction of post-war Poland. Volume 2

Janina Katarzyna Rogozik was born in 1944 and is completing her doctorate in the Institute for Librarianship and Information Technology at the Jagiellonian University in Krakéw. She has published a number of articles on Bernard Singer and Nasz

Przegtqd. Volume 12 ,

Henry Rollet is a retired member of the French diplomatic service and fought in the French Resistance during the war. He is the author of La Pologne au XXe siécle (Paris, 1985). Volume 3

Moshe Rosman is Professor of Jewish History at Bar Ilan University. Educated at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America and Columbia University, for the past twenty years he has lived in Israel. He is the author of The Lords’ Jews: Magnates and Jews in the Eighteenth Century Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Cambridge, Mass., 1990) and Founder of Hasidism (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1996). Volume 10

Marek Rudnicki is a graphic artist and painter. He was born in Warsaw in 1927 and moved to Paris in 1957. For many years he has painted portraits of prominent individuals for Le Monde. These are shortly to be the subject of a one-man exhibition at the Bibliothéque Nationale. Volume 7 Szymon Rudnicki is Professor of History at Warsaw University and Pro-Dean of the Historical Faculty. He is a member of the Israeli—Polish Historical Commission and of the Scholarly Council of the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw. He is, above all, interested in the politics of the right and fascism, Polish—Jewish relations, and large landowners. Among his books are Dziatalnosé polityczna polskich konserwatystow, 1918-1926 (The Political Activity of Polish Conservatives, 1918-1926) (Wroctaw, 1981); Ob6z Narodowo-Radykalny: Geneza i dziatalnosé (The National Radical Camp: Its Evolution and Development) (Warsaw, 1985); and Ziemianstwo polskie w XX wieku (Polish Landed Gentry in the Twentieth Century) (Warsaw, 1996). Volume 7

| Notes on Contributors 215 Yosef Salmon lectures in Jewish History at the University of Beersheva and has pub-

: lished extensively on the history of Zionism. Volume 6 : Pawel Samus is Professor of History at the University of L6dz. His main interest is in the social and political history of Poland at the end of the nineteenth and the begin| ning of the twentieth centuries. His many publications include Dzieje SDKPiL w Lodzi, , 1893-1918 (The History of the SDKPiL in L6dz, 1893-1918) (L6dZ, 1984) and, as editor, | Polacy—Niemcy—Zydzi w Lodzi w XIX-XX w.: Sqsiedzi dalecy i btiscy (Poles—

| Germans—Jews in L6dz in the Nineteenth to Twentieth Centuries: Neighbours : Distant and Near) (L6dZ, 1997). Volume 6 Rafael F. Scharf was born in Krakéw in 1914. He graduated from the Hebrew High

, School and obtained a degree in law from the Jagiellonian University in Krakéw, where he was active in the students’ academic organizations of the Zionist movement.

He moved to London in 1938, where he was a foreign correspondent of Nowy Dziennik, a Polish-language Jewish daily in Krak6w. During the war he served in the Intelligence Corps of the British army, and for some time after the war was a member of a War Crimes Investigation Unit, preparing war crimes trials. He is a co-founder of

The Jewish Quarterly, a political and literary magazine. He is a founding member of the Institute for Polish-Jewish Studies in Oxford and a member of its governing council and of the editorial board of Polin. Active in the Korczak movement, he is a former vice-president of the International Janusz Korczak Society. He is an occasional lecturer at the University of Giessen in Germany, and the author of numerous articles on Polish Jewish matters in journals in England, Poland, and Germany. Volume 8 Robert M. Seltzer is Associate Professor of History at Hunter College and the Graduate School of the City University of New York. He is the author of Jewish People, Jewish Thought (New York, 1980), and is preparing for publication a critical study of the life and ideology of Simon Dubnow. Volume 1

Robert Moses Shapiro was educated at Johns Hopkins University, Columbia University, YIVO, and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He teaches courses on east

European Jewry, the Holocaust, and modern Jewish history at Yeshiva University. His research and writing concentrate on the Jewish community of L6dz during the twentieth century. He is a member of the editorial board of Polin. He recently edited Holocaust Chronicles: Individualizing the Holocaust through Diaries and Other Contemporaneous Personal Accounts (Hoboken, NJ, 1999). Volume 8

Chone Shmeruk was Professor Emeritus of Yiddish Literature at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. In recent years he had been Visiting Professor at both the University of Warsaw and the Jagiellonian University in Krakow. He was a member of the Israeli Academy of Sciences and Humanities. His publications include Sifrut idish: Perakim letoldoteiha (Yiddish Literature: Aspects of its History) (Tel Aviv, 1978); Sifrut idish befolin (Yiddish Literature in Poland) (Jlerusalem, 1981); The Esterke Story in

Yiddish and Polish Literature jerusalem, 1985); Prokim fun der yidisher literaturgeshikhte (Chapters in Yiddish Literary History) (Tel Aviv, 1988); and Historia literatury jidysz: Zarys (The History of Yiddish Literature: An Outline) (Wroclaw, 1992). Among the many works he has edited are, with Irving Howe and Ruth R. Wisse, The Penguin Book of Modern Yiddish Verse (New York, 1987) and, with Shmuel Wertses, Bein shenei milhamot olam: Perakim mehayei hatarbut shel yehudei polin lileshon-

216 Notes on Contributors oteihem (Between Two World Wars: Chapters from the Life and Culture of the Jews of Poland and their Languages) Jerusalem, 1997). Volume 10

Michal Sliwa is Professor of Political Science at the Pedagogical Academy in Krakéw.

His main interest is the history of political theory in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Among his books are Teoria polityczna Mieczystawa Niedziatkowskiego (The Political Theory of Mieczystaw Niedziatkowski) (Krakéw, 1980); Feliks Perl: Biografia (Feliks Perl: A Biography) (Warsaw, 1989); Polska teoria polityczna w pierwszej potowie dwudziestego wieku (Polish Political Theory in the First Half of the Twentieth Century) (Krak6éw, 1993); and Obcy czy swoi: Z dziejé6w pogladéw na kwestie zydowskgq w polsce w XIX i XX wieku (‘Alien’ and ‘Ours’: On the History of the Opinions on the Jewish

Question in Poland in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries) (Krakéw, 1997). Volume 9

Krzysztof Sliwifski was a journalist for the Catholic weekly Tygodnik Powszechny. A member of the Catholic Intellectuals Club in Warsaw, he played an important role in the Solidarity movement and the political opposition up to 1989. After 1989 he joined the Polish Diplomatic Service, holding the post of Ambassador to Morocco and to the

Jewish Diaspora. Volume 10 | Timothy Snyder is a historian of nineteenth- and twentieth-century Poland and eastern Europe, presently working in Warsaw on Poland’s contemporary relations with its eastern neighbours. His Nationalism, Marxism, and Modern Central Europe: A Biography of Kazimierz Kelles-Krauz (1872-1905) was published by Harvard University Press in 1997. Volume 12

Shaul Stampfer was born in the United States, educated at Yeshiva University, and has a Ph.D. from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He spent a few years in Russia working in Jewish education, and is at present a lecturer in the Department of Jewish History at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He also works on Jewish education in the CIS at the Melton Centre for Jewish Education at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He is the author of Shalosh yeshivot lita’iyot (Three Lithuanian Yeshivas) Jerusalem, 1982) and Hayeshivah halita’it behithavutah (The Lithuanian Yeshiva and its Emergence) (Jerusalem, 1995), and has written widely on demographic topics. Volume 11

Krzysztof Stefanski is a historian of art who studied at the University of Wroclaw. He now works at the Institute for the History of Art of the University of Lodz and at the Institute of Architecture and City Planning of the Technical High School of L6dz. He is interested in the history of Polish architecture in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, and especially the history of sacral architecture. Volume 11 Michael Steinlauf is Associate Professor of East European History at Gratz College. In 1983/4 he spent a year in Poland as a Fulbright Fellow. He devotes himself to Polish Jewish cultural history and Polish—Jewish relations in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. He is currently studying the development of Yiddish theatre in Poland, and translating works by Y. L. Peretz into English. He is the author of Bondage to the Dead: Poland and the Memory of the Holocaust (Syracuse, 1997). Volume 4

Dariusz Stola works in the Institute of History of the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw. His research has concentrated on Polish-Jewish relations during the Second

Notes on Contributors 217 World War and mass migrations in central Europe. He is the author of Nadzieja i zagtada: Ignacy Schwarzbart—zydowski przedstawiciel w Radzie Narodowej RP

| Volume 8 , : 1940-1945 (Hopes and Extermination: Ignacy Schwarzbart—Jewish Representative | on the National Council of Poland, 1940-1945) (Warsaw, 1995), and has published articles in WieZ, Mowiq Wieki, Polityka, and the International Migration Review.

Daniel Stone is Professor of History at the University of Winnipeg. He is the author of

| many articles and books, including The Polish Memoirs of William John Rose | (Toronto, 1975) and Polish Politics and National Reform, 1775-1778 (Boulder, Colo., 1976). Volume 10

: Janusz Sujecki is completing a doctorate in the Historical Institute of the University of Warsaw on the PPS-Proletariat. He is the author of Prézna: Ocalona ulica zydowskiej Warszawy (Prézna Street: A Spared Street of Jewish Warsaw) (Warsaw, 1993). Volume 9

Franz A. J. Szabo is Professor of Central European History at Carleton University, specializing in the eighteenth-century Habsburg monarchy. He is the author of the award-winning Kaunitz and Enlightened Absolutism, 1753-1780 (Cambridge, 1994), and recently acted as director of the Austrian Immigration to Canada research project, for which he edited or co-edited two volumes. Volume 12

Jerzy Szapiro is a professor of neurosurgery. Until 1968 he was the Chairman and Director of the Neurosurgery Clinic of the Medical Academy in L6dz; he retired in 1984. He has written over a hundred articles on neurosurgery and is the author of many essays—mainly meta-scientific reflections on the human condition. He is a founding member of the Polish Association of Neurosurgeons and a corresponding member of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons and of the Société de Neurochirurgiens de la Langue Frangaise. Volume 4

Jean-Charles Szurek is a researcher in the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in Paris. He has written Aux origines paysannes de la crise polonaise (Paris, 1982) and a number of articles on Jewish—Polish relations. Volume 4

Israel M. Ta-Shma is Professor of Talmud at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Director of the Institute for Microfilmed Hebrew Manuscripts of the Jewish National and Hebrew University Library. Among his publications is Minhag ashkenaz hakadmon (The Early Religious Order of Ashkenaz) Jerusalem, 1992). Volume 10 Janusz Tazbir is a professor at the Institute of History of the Polish Academy, of which he has been a member since 1983. He has published widely in several languages on the history of Polish culture and religious movements. Among his books are A State without Stakes: Polish Religious Toleration in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries

(New York, 1972); La République nobiliaire et le monde: Etudes sur Vhistoire de la , culture polonais a l’époque du baroque (Paris, 1986); Kultura szlachecka w Polsce: Rozkwit, upadek, relikty (The Culture of the Nobility in Poland: Its Rise, Fall, and the Residues it has Left) (Poznan, 1998); W pogoni za Europa (In Search of Europe) (Warsaw, 1998); and Pozegnanie z XX wiekiem (Goodbye to the Twentieth Century) (Warsaw, 1999). He is editor in chief of the annual publication The Renaissance and Reformation in Poland. Volume 11

218 Notes on Contributors Nechama Tec is Professor of Sociology at the University of Connecticut. A Polish Jew who lived through the Nazi occupation, since 1977 she has been conducting research into compassion, altruism, and Jewish rescue during the Second World War. She is a member of the Educational Committee of the US Holocaust Memorial Council and recipient of Hadassah’s Myrtle Wreath Award (1987). She is the author of more than thirty articles and five books, including Defiance: The Bielski Partisans (New York, 1993). Volume 10

Bernadeta Tendyra is a research student at the London School of Economics, completing a doctoral thesis on the internal politics of General Sikorski’s Polish Government in Exile from 1939 to 1943. She was recently assistant editor of Millennium: A

Journal of International Studies, published by the London School of Economics. Volume 2

Jerzy Tomaszewski is Professor at the Institute of Political Science and head of the Mordekhai Anielewicz Research Center on the History of Jews in Poland at the University of Warsaw. He is a member of the Council and Board of the Jewish Historical Institute in Poland. Among his publications are Z dziejow Polesia, 1921-1939: Zarys stosunkéw spoteczno-ekonomicznych (On the History of Polesia, 1921-1939: An Outline of Social and Economic Conditions) (Warsaw, 1963); Rzeczpospolita wielu narodow (A Republic of Many Nations) (Warsaw, 1985); Ojczyzna nie tylko Polakow: Mniejszosci narodowe w Polsce w latach 1918-1939 (A Fatherland Not Only for Poles: National Minorities in Poland, 1918-1939) (Warsaw, 1985); and Preludium zagtady: Wygnanie Zydéw polskich z Niemiec w 1938 r. (Prelude to Destruction: The Expulsion of Polish Jews from Germany in 1938) (Warsaw, 1998). Volume 11

Chava Turniansky is Professor of Yiddish and head of the Department of Yiddish at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. She is the author of several works, including Sefer

masah umerivah by Alexander Den Yitshak Pfaffehofen (The Book of Deeds and Prosperity by Alexander Den Yitshak Pfaffehofen) (jerusalem, 1973). Volume 4

Barbara Wachowska is Professor of History in the Historical Institute of L6dZ, and director of the section dealing with recent Polish history. Her scholarly interests lie in the history of Poland between 1918 and 1939, in particular the history of the workers’

movement in L6dz andits region. Volume9 Jacek Walicki is a librarian at the Institute of History at the University of L6dz. His principal interest is the political history of Polish Jews in the inter-war years. He is currently writing a doctoral dissertation on the political life of the Jews in L6dZ, and is a member of the working group on the history of the Jews of L6dz. Volume 6 Roman Wapifski was born in 1931 and is Professor of History at the University of Gdansk and a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences and the Polish Academy of Sciences and Letters. Among his books are Wfadystaw Sikorski (Warsaw, 1978); Narodowa demokracja 1893-1939: Ze studidw nad dziejami mysli nacjonalistycznej (National Democracy 1893-1939: Studies in the History of Nationalistic Thought) (Wroclaw, 1980); Swiadomosé polityczna w Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej (Political Consciousness in the Second Republic) (L6dZ, 1989); Pokolenia Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej (The Generations of the Second Republic) (Wroctaw, 1991); and Ignacy Paderewski (Wroctaw, 1999). Volume 12

| Notes on Contributors 219 Bernard Wasserstein is President of the Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies,

. and from 1982 to 1996 was Professor of History at Brandeis University. His publications include Britain and the Jews of Europe, 1939-1945 (London, 1975), Jerusalem:

| Past, Present and Future (London, 1995), and Vanishing Diaspora: The Jews in Europe : Since 1945 (Cambridge, Mass., 1996). Volume 11 Theodore R. Weeks is Associate Professor of History at Southern Illinois University in

, Carbondale. He is the author of Nation and State in Late Imperial Russia: Nationalism ! and Russification on the Western Frontier, 1863-1914 (De Kalb, IIl., 1996). His present | research focuses on Polish—Jewish relations from the 1850s to 1914. Volume 12 Laurence Weinbaum completed his B.Sc. and MA degrees at Georgetown University

, in Washington, DC, where he also worked as a teaching assistant to Professor Jan Karski. He has held successive Fulbright, IREX, and Kosciuszko Foundation scholar-

! ships, and received his doctorate in history from the University of Warsaw. He is the , author of A Marriage of Convenience: The New Zionist Organization and the Polish Government, 1936-1939 (Boulder, Colo., 1993) and Righting an Historic Wrong: Res-

| titution of Jewish Property in Central and East Europe Jerusalem, 1995). Volume 5 : Aharon Weiss is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Jewish History at the University

: of Haifa. He is the editor of Yad Vashem Studies, co-editor and co-author of the

Encyclopaedia of Jewish Communities, and author of studies on the Holocaust in eastern Europe and on Jewish—Polish and Jewish-Ukrainian relations during the Second

| World War. Volume 7

Chava Weissler holds the Philip and Muriel Berman Chair of Jewish Civilization at Lehigh University. Her most recent work is a monograph on prayers in Yiddish for women, Voices of the Matriarchs (Boston, 1998). Volume 10

: Elimelech Westreich is Lecturer in Jewish Law and Family Law at Bar Ilan University.

| Volume 10

| Paul Wexler is Professor of Linguistics at Tel Aviv University. He is the author of numerous articles in the fields of Jewish linguistics (especially Yiddish, Judaeo-Ibero-

, Romance, and Judaeo-Arabic) and Slavic linguistics. His recent books include Explorations in Judeo-Slavic Linguistics (Leiden, 1986), The Ashkenazic Jews: A Slavo-

Turkic People in Search of a Jewish Identity (Columbus, Oh., 1993), and The NonJewish Origins of the Sephardic Jews (Albany, NY, 1996). Volume 1

Jacek Wijaczka is Lecturer in History at the School of Higher Education in Kielce. His

research has concentrated mainly on the history of Polish-German relations in the sixteenth century and the history of Polish Jews from the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries. Volume 10

Alfred Wislicki was born in Warsaw in 1913 and spent the war in the USSR. He is a specialist in building technology and in the history of technological change. He has lectured at the polytechnics of Warsaw and Krakow. Volume 8

Tomasz Wisniewski was born in 1958. He spent nine months in prison for political offences in 1982-3. He graduated in Polish philology from Warsaw University and is at present working at Kurier Poranny in Biatystok. He has written widely on Jewish

topics. Volume 7

220 Notes on Contributors Janusz Wrobel works at the Institute of History at the University of L6dz. His main areas of interest are Polish demography and the problem of national antagonisms in Poland in the twentieth century. Volume 11 J6zef Wrébel was born in 1956 and works at the Institute of Polish Philology at the Jagiellonian University in Krakéw. He is the author of Tematy zydowskie w prozie polskiej 1939-1987 Jewish Themes in Polish Prose, 1939-1987) (Krakéw, 1992). He is working on a monograph on Adolf Rudnicki and is editing Rudnicki’s diaries for the years 1946-90, which run to more than 8,000 pages of manuscript. Volume 7 Piotr Wrobel is Lecturer in Modern Jewish History at the University of Warsaw and a researcher at the Jewish Historical Institute. He is the author of Zarys dziej6w Zydéw na ziemiach polskich w latach 1880-1918 (An Outline of the History of the Jews on the Polish Lands, 1880-1918) (Warsaw, 1991) and A Historical Dictionary of Poland, 1945~—1996 (Westport, Conn., 1998). Volume 3

Krystyna Zienkowska was a researcher at the Historical Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences from 1953 to 1974, in the section directed by Professor Witold Kula. She has specialized in the history of Poland in the eighteenth century, and her works include Sfawetni i urodzeni: Ruch polityczny mieszczanstwa w dobie Sejmu Czteroletniego (Renowned and Well Born: The Political Movement of the Bourgeoisie during the Four Year Sejm) (Warsaw, 1976); Jan Dekert (Warsaw, 1982); Spisek 3 Maja (The 3 May Conspiracy) (Warsaw, 1991); and Stanisfaw August Poniatowski (Wroclaw, 1998). Volume 3

Roman Zimand, a historian of literature, is a researcher at the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, and author of ‘Dziennik’ Adama Czerniakowa: Proba lektury? (The Diary of Adam Czerniakéw: An Attempt at Reading?) (Paris, 1979). Volume 4

Steven J. Zipperstein is Daniel E. Koshland Professor in Jewish Culture and Taube Director of Jewish Studies at Stanford University. He has taught modern Jewish history at the University of Oxford, where he was a Fellow of Wolfson College and of the Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies. He is the author of The Jews of Odessa: A

Cultural History, 1704-1881 (Stanford, 1985), Elusive Prophet: Ahad Ha’am and the Origins of Zionism (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1993), and Imagining Russian Jewry: Memory, History, Identity (Seattle, 1999). He has been an associate editor of Polin. Volume 1

Anna Zuk is a lecturer in the Institute of Philosophy and Sociology at the Marie CurieSktodkowska University in Lublin. Her main interest is the interpretative reconstruction of the philosophical context of Judaism, on which she has published a number of

articles. Volume 2 ,

Aleksander Zyga is a graduate of Polish philology at the Jagiellonian University in Krakéw. Unable to pursue a scholarly career because of his political opinions, he became a freelance writer. He is the author of Krakowskie czasopisma literackie drugiej potowy XIX wieku (Krakow Literary Journals in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century) (Krak6w, 1983), as well as of many articles on folkloric and regional themes. He has edited collections of letters and has written reviews on Jewish themes in Polish literature. Volume 7

List of Obituaries Baron, Salo 5: 493-7 (by Abramsky)

Borwicz, Michal 3: 458-62 (by Scharf) Eisenbach, Artur 8: 423-6 (by Polonsky)

| Ettinger, Shmuel 4: 495-8 (by Abramsky) Kieniewicz, Stefan 8: 421-2 (by Michnik)

| Lichten, J6zef 3: 455-7 (by Polonsky) Rudnicki, Adolf 8: 427-30 (by J6zef Wrébel)

| Sackler, Arthur M. 2: 483-4 (by Ciechanowiecki) Shmeruk, Chone 12: 369-73 (by Adamczyk-Garbowska) Sosnow, Eric 2: 480-2 (by Polonsky) Stryjkowski, Julian 11:381—4 (by Adamczyk-Garbowska)

BLANK PAGE a

Appendices

BLANK PAGE

Polish Hist POLISH HISTORY GENERAL HISTORY 3 4th-6th cent. Slavonic migrations west of the Odra 4th-7th cent. The great migrations

, and south of the Carpathians 5th-7th cent. The Merovingian State beginning of 7th cent. Formation of political organizations of the Slavs south of the

: Baltic 800 Charlemagne’s imperial coronation

basin State

middle of 9th cent. Foundation of small regional

| Slavonic states in the Odra and Vistula c.830 Foundation of the Great Moravian 843 Treaty of Verdun | 2nd half of 9th cent. Expansion of the Great 9thcent. | Foundation of the Bohemian State Moravian State into the area of southern Poland; foundation of the State of the Polanie (the Piast dynasty)

in Great Poland end of 9th cent. Foundation of the State of Kiev 1st half of 10th cent. Conquest of Mazovia by the 906 Fall of the Great Moravian State Piasts

before 963 to 992 Reign of Mieszko | 950 Bohemia recognizes the suzerainty of the Empire

962 Otto I crowned emperor 966 The Polish court adopts Christianity 972 Conquest of western Pomerania by

Mieszko I 987 Beginnings of the Capet dynasty in France

988-9 Duke Vladimir of Ruthenia adopts

992-1025 Reign of BolestawChristianity the Brave , 1000 Emperor Otto II recognizes Poland’s independence; foundation of the archbishopric in Gniezno 1004-18 —_ Bolestaw the Brave’s war against the Germans

1018 Peace of Bautzen (Budisyn); Bolestaw the Brave’s expedition against Kiev and the incorporation of the

Czerwien Castles into Poland 1024 Beginning of the Salic dynasty of the

1025 Bolestaw I the Brave crowned King of Franks in Germany Poland 1025-34 —_ Reign of Mieszko II

1033 Mieszko II renounces the royal crown

226 Polish History: A Chronological Table POLISH HISTORY GENERAL HISTORY 1034-58 —__ Reign of Kazimierz I the Restorer

1037 Kazimierz I the Restorer expelled from Poland; anti-feudal and anti-Christian rising of the people

| 1038 or 1039 The Bohemian Duke Byetislav

invades Poland |

1039 Kazimierz I the Restorer returns to Poland; reconstruction of the state

begins 1054 Beginning of the eastern schism 1058-79 _—_— Reign of Bolestaw II the Bold 1066 The Norman conquest of England

1076 Bolestaw II the Bold crowned King of 1077 Henry IV in Canossa Poland

1079 Revolt of the nobles and expulsion of Bolestaw II the Bold

1079-1102 Reign of Wtadystaw Herman 1096-9 First Crusade 1102-38 Reign of Bolestaw III the Wrymouth

1109 Invasion of Poland by Emperor Henry V

1121-2 Western Pomerania reincorporated into Poland

1124-8 Christianization of western

1122 Concordat of Worms

Pomerania

1138 Death of Bolestaw III the Wrymouth; beginning of Poland’s territorial division with a Grand Duke as senior among the provincial rulers

1138-46 Reign of Wtadystaw II as Grand Duke of Poland

1146-73 _ Reign of Bolestaw IV the Curly as Grand Duke

1147-9 Second Crusade 1152-90 Reign of Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa

1154 Beginning of the Plantagenets’ rule in England (Henry ID

1171 Conquest of Egypt by the Seljuks 1173-7 Reign of Mieszko III the Old as Grand Duke

1177-94 Rule of Kazimierz II the Just as Grand Duke

1180 Congress of Leczyca, concessions by Kazimierz II the Just in favour of the clergy

1181] Western Pomerania made dependent

on the Empire c.1200 Foundation of the University of Paris

1202-27 Reign of Leszek the White as Grand 1202 Establishment of the Order of Knights

Duke of the Sword in Livonia

1204 The Crusaders capture Byzantium

| Polish History: A Chronological Table 227

| and beginnings of Mongolian

1206 Establishment of the Mongolian State expansion

1215 Magna Charta Libertatum in England

: 1226 Conrad of Mazovia brings the Teutonic Knights into Poland

: 1227 Death of Leszek the White; decline of

: the institution of Senior Duke 1228-9 Sixth Crusade 3 1232-4 Conquest of Little Poland and a part of

| Great Poland by the Silesian Duke

Henry the Bearded 1240 Tartars capture Kiev and conquer Ruthenia

1241 First Mongol invasion of Poland; battle c.1241 Establishment of the Hansa

2 of Legnica, death of Henry the Pious

1249-52 Conquest of the Lubusz Land by the middle of 13th cent. Foundation of parliaments in

Margraves of Brandenburg France and England

1254-73 TheLong Interregnum in Germany 1291-2 Conquest of Little Poland by King

| Wactaw II of Bohemia

| Poland

1295 Coronation of Przemyst II as King of

| 1296 | Death of Przemyst II

1300-5 Reign of Wactaw II1302asTheKing of Poland oo States-General constituted in 1306 Wiadystaw I the Short conquers Little France Poland

1308-9 The Teutonic Knights capture Gdarisk and eastern Pomerania

1314 Wtadystaw I the Short conquers Great

1309-77 The ‘Avignon captivity’ of the Popes

Poland

1320-33 Reign of Wtadystaw the Short as 1316-41 Reign of Giedymin and unification of

King of Poland; end of territorial the Lithuanian State division

1325 Polish—Lithuanian alliance against the Teutonic Knights

1331 Battle of Ptowce, victory of 1328 Ivan Kalita gains the title of Grand

Wtadystaw the Short over the Duke of Muscovy Teutonic Knights

1333-70 Reign of Kazimierz III the Great, the last king of the Piast dynasty

1335 Congress of VySehrad: John of Luxemburg renounces his claims to the Polish throne and Kazimierz Ill the Great his rights to Silesia

1340-9 Poland occupies the greater part of 1337 Outbreak of the Hundred Years War Viadimir and Halicz Ruthenia 1342-82 _ Reign of Louis d’Anjou as King of Hungary

1346 Battle of Crécy 1348 Foundation of the University of Prague

228 Polish Fistory: A Chronological Table POLISH HISTORY GENERAL HISTORY | middle of 14th cent. The Statutes of Great Poland and Little Poland—first codification of the common law

1355 Privileges for the gentry granted by Louis d’Anjou in Buda in return for the recognition of his succession in Poland

1364 Foundation of the University of

Krakéw 1371 Beginning of the reign of the Stuarts in 1370-82 Reign of Louis d’Anjou Scotland 1377-1417 Western schism

1380 Battle of Kulikovo Pole, victory of

| Demetrius Donskoi over the Tartars 1384 Jadwiga, daughter of Louis d’Anjou, becomes queen of Poland

1385 Polish—Lithuanian Union at Krewo 1386 Baptism of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Jagietto and his marriage to Jadwiga

1386-1434 Reign of Wtadystaw JagieHo; 1397 Union of Denmark, Norway, and beginning of the Jagiellonian dynasty Sweden at Kalmar 1399 The Lithuanian Grand Duke Witold in the battle with Tartars on the Vorskla river

1400 Restoration of Krak6w University

1409 Theses of Ian Hus 1410 Battle of Griinwald

1414-18 — Council of Constance

1420 Wiadystaw Jagietto rejects the

1419-34 — Hussite wars

Bohemian crown offered to him by the Hussites

1422-33 The gentry obtain the charter Neminem

captivabimus nisi ture victum 1429 Joan of Arc in Orléans 1434-44 _—_— Reign of Wtadystaw III

1440 Wtadystaw III ascends to the Hungarian throne; Kazimierz IV to the Lithuanian throne; the Prussian Union formed

1444 Battle of Varna and death of Wiadystaw III

1447-92 _ Reign of Kazimierz IV in Poland

c.1450 Invention of printing by Johannes

Knights Gutenberg

1453 Constantinople captured by the Turks;

1454 Incorporation of Prussia into Poland end of the Hundred Years War 1454-66 _—_ Thirteen Years War with the Teutonic

1455-85 War of the Roses in England

, 1462-1505 Reign of Ivan III and liberation of

1466 Peace of Torun with Teutonic Knights Russia from Tartar dependence

Polish Mtstory: A Chronological Table 229

3 irst printi in 1492-1501 ReiKraké fl. |,

147 First printing shop in Krakow 1481 Inquisition established in Spain 92-150 eign of Jan Olbracht 1492 Discovery of America; conquest of 1492-1506 Reign of Alexander in the Grand Granada—the end of Spain’s

Duchy of Lithuania reconquista

1496 Statutes of Piotrkéw: the rights of peasants and burghers abridged

1497 ~ John Albert’s defeat in Moldavia 1497-8 Discovery of the sea route to India

1501-6 Reign of Alexander (Vasco da Gama) 1505 Nihil Novi Constitution 1503-13 Pope Julius II 1506-48 _—_—‘ Reign of Zygmunt I the Old

| 1514 Muscovite troops take Smolerisk; Polish—Lithuanian victory at Orsza

2 1515 Meeting in Vienna of Zygmunt I the

:| Kazimierz Old, Wtadystaw Jagietto (son of : IV), and Emperor Maximilian Habsburg: the Habsburgs receive the guarantee to succeed to the Bohemian and Hungarian

thrones in the case of the extinction 1517 Theses of Martin Luther of the Jagiellonian dynasty

1518 Arrival in Poland of Bona Sforza, wife

of Zygmunt I the Old 1519 Charles V becomes Emperor 1519-21 Conquest of Mexico by Hernan Cortés

1520 First royal edicts against dissenters 1519-22 Ferdinand Magellan’s expedition

: Luther as a heretic round the world

1521 The Edict of Worms outlaws Martin

1525 Secularization of the Teutonic Order

1524-5 Peasant war in Germany

in Prussia; the Prussian Prince Albrecht pays homage to Zygmunt I

| the Old

1526 Extinction of the Mazovian line of 1526 The succession of the Habsburgs in

the Crown Roma’

: Piasts; incorporation of Mazovia into Bohemia and Hungary; ‘Sacco di 1529 Zygmunt II Augustus ascends to the

throne of Lithuania 1531-6 Conquest of Peru by Francisco Pizarro 1534 Establishment of the Jesuit Order; separation of the English Church from

1543 Nicolaus Copernicus’ De Rome

revolutionibus orbium coelestium 1545-63 Council of Trent 1548-72 Reign of Zygmunt IT Augustus 1547-84 Reign of Ivan the Terrible in Russia 1556-98 —_ Reign of Philip II as King of Spain

, 1561 Secularization of the Livonian Order;

1558-1603 Reign of Queen Elizabeth in England

incorporation of Livonia and establishment of the Duchy of Courland

1563-70 The Seven Years Northern War

1564 Jesuits brought into Poland |

230 Polish Mistory: A Chronological Table POLISH HISTORY GENERAL HISTORY

1569 The Union of Lublin |

1570 Compact of Sandomierz—agreement of the Protestant denominations for the defence of religious freedom

a 1572 St Bartholomew’s Night in France

1573 The principle of the free election of kings adopted; religious peace guaranteed

; France

1573-4 Reign of Henri de Valois

1576-86 Reign of Stefan Batory 1574-89 Reign of Henry It de Valois as King of 1577 War with Danzig 1576 Outbreak of revolt in the Netherlands

1577-82 | Warwiththe Grand Duchy of Muscovy for Livonia

1578 Foundation of the Wilno1579 Academy Establishment of the Republic of

1580 First meeting of the Council of the United Provinces in the Netherlands Four Lands

1587-1632 Reign of Zygmunt III Vasa 1588 Victory of the English navy over Spain’s Great Armada 1589-1610 Reign of King Henry IV in France

1594-6 Cossack uprising under Severin Nalevaiko

1595 Foundation of the Zamosé Academy 1595-6 Union of Brzesé

1600 Outbreak of the war with Sweden 1600 Establishment of the East India Company in England

1603 Death of Elizabeth Tudor, beginning of the Stuart dynasty in England

1604-6 Polish participation in the action of the False Demetrius

1605 Victory over the Swedes at Kirchholm 1606-7 Rebellion of Mikolaj Zebrzydowski 1609-19 §Warwith Russia 1610 Stanistaw Z.6tkiewski’s victory over

the Russian army at Ktuszyn

1611-32 Reign of Gustavus Adolphus in Sweden

1613 Beginning of the rule of the Romanovs in Russia

1618 Beginning of the Thirty Years War

1620 Defeat of the Polish army in the battle 1620 Defeat of the Bohemians at Bila Hora with the Turks at Cecora

1621 Defence of Chocim and peace with Turkey

1627 Battle of the Polish and Swedish navies at Oliwa

1629 Victory over the Swedes at Trzciana; truce with Sweden

1632-4 War with Russia 1632 Battle of Liitzen and death of Gustavus Adolphus

Polish Fustory: A Chronological Table 231

, the Long Parliament

1632-48 —_ Reign of Wtadystaw IV Vasa 1642 Beginning of Revolution in England;

, 1648 Outbreak of the rising under Bohdan 1648 Peace of Westphalia Chmielnicki (Khmelnytsky) in the Ukraine

| 1648-68 _ Reign of Jan Kazimierz 1651 Victory over Bohdan Khmelnytsky’s

1649 Execution of Charles I Stuart

army at Beresteczko

, 1652 Sejm broken up by the first liberum

veto 1653-8 Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell

: 1654-67 —_ Polish—Russian war 1654 Compact of Pereiaslav between

1655-60 = Polish-Swedish war Ukraine and Russia

| 1657 Treaties of Wehlau and Bydgoszcz; Poland renounces the Prussian fief

1658 Arians (Antitrinitarians) expelled

| from Poland; compact of Hadziacz

1660 Peace withooSweden at Oliwa 1661-1715 Reign of Louis XIV 1665-6 Rebellion of Jerzy Lubomirski | 1667 Truce of Andrusz6w 1669-73 —_ Reign of Michat KorybutWisniowecki

1672 Turkish invasion of Poland 1673 Victory over the Turks at Chocim

.; gue

| 1674-96 __ Reign of Jan III Sobieski : 1683 Siege of Vienna by the Turks and the 1682-1725 Reign of Peter the Great in Russia Polish relief

1684 Creation of the first anti-Turkish 1686 Peace with Russia (the Lea Grzymuttowski treaty) 1697-1733 Reign of Augustus II the Strong

1699 Peace with Turkey at Karlowitz 1699 The Habsburgs complete the conquest of Hungary

1700-21 The Northern War 1701 Proclamation of the Kingdom of Prussia

oo . 1701-14 The Spanish war of succession

1702 Swedish invasion of Poland 1704 The opponents of Augustus II

proclaim an interregnum; election of Stanistaw Leszczyniski

1709 Augustus II again recognized as king

1714 George I ascends to throne in Great Britain beginning of the Hanover dynasty

1715-16 The Confederation of Tarnogréd

1717 The ‘Dumb Sejm’ 1716-20 Theaffair of John Lawin France 1733 Double election of Augustus ITI and Stanistaw Leszczynski

232 Polish Mistory: A Chronological Table POLISH HISTORY GENERAL HISTORY 1733-5 The struggle of Stanistaw Leszczynski against Augustus III for the Polish

throne 1734-63 _ Reign of Augustus III

1740 The Collegium Nobilium established 1740-8 The Austrian war of succession and

by Stanistaw Konarski the Silesian Wars

1740-86 _ Reign of Frederick II in Prussia and of Maria Theresa in Austria

| 1742 Frederick II occupies Silesia 1756-63 The Seven Years War 1762-96 Reign of Catherine IT in Russia 1764-95 __ Reign of Stanistaw Augustus Poniatowski

1764-6 Constitutional reforms carried out by the ‘Convocation Confederation’

1766-8 Russian intervention on the side of reactionary opposition

1767 The Confederation of the Dissenters 1767 James Watt’s steam engine and the Confederation of Radom

1768-72 The Confederation of Bar

1772 First partition of Poland 1773 Establishment of the Commission for 1773 The Jesuit Order dissolved National Education

1775 Establishment of the Permanent

Council 1776 First workers’ union organized in England

1776-82 The American War of Independence

1787 Proclamation of the Constitution of 1788-92 The Four Year Sejm

the United States of America

1789 ‘The Black Procession’ of burghers in 1789 Outbreak of the Great Revolution Warsaw

1790 ‘Warnings for Poland’ by Stanistaw Staszic

1791 Constitution of 3 May 1792 The Confederation of Targowica and 1792 Overthrow of the monarchy in France

war with Russia .

1793 Second partition of Poland | 1794 The Kosciuszko Insurrection 1795 Third partition of Poland 1795-9 The Directory in France 1797-1803 Polish Legions at the side of the 1799 The revolt of 18 Brumaire

French army |

1800 The Society of Friends of Sciences established in Warsaw; reorganization of the University in Wilno

1804 Napoleon Bonaparte Emperor of the French

1806 Napoleon’s Prussian campaign; rising 1806 End of the Roman Empire of the

in Great Poland; Warsaw occupied by German Nation the French

Polish History: A Chronological Table 233 , 1807 Establishment of the Duchy of 1807 Peace of Tilsit Warsaw; its Constitution ,

| 1808 Introduction of the Code of Napoleon | 1809 Polish—Austrian war; the territory of 1809 French—Austrian war

| the Duchy of Warsaw extended , | 1811-23 —Enfranchisement of peasants in

! Polish provinces under Prussian rule : 1812 The army of the Duchy of Warsaw 1812 Napoleon’s campaign in Russia participates in Napoleon’s Russian 1814 Napoleon abdicates; George | Campaign Stephenson’s first locomotive

: 1814-15 — Congress of Vienna

, 1815 Foundation of the Kingdom of Poland 1815 The ‘Holy Alliance’ formed and of the Free State of Kraké6w

| 1816 Foundation of the University of Warsaw

: 1817-23 Activities of the Philarets and Philomaths in Wilno

: 1819-25 Activities of the National

, Greece Freemasonry and of the Patriotic

society 1820-3 Liberation of the Latin American

1823-5 Contacts of the Patriotic Society with countries; revolutionary movements

: the Decembrists in Russia in Spain and Italy; liberation of

, , 1825 The Decembrist rising in St 1828 Establishment of the Bank Polski Petersburg 1830-1 The November Insurrection 1830 The July Revolution in France 1831 Beginning of the Great Emigration 1830-2 Revolution in Belgium 1832 The autonomy of the Kingdom of 1832 Electoral reform in Great Britain Poland abridged; the Polish Democratic Society formed in France

1833 J6ézef Zaliwski’s expedition 1833 Abolition of slavery in the British colonies

1834-6 Activities of the secret independence 1834 Giuseppe Mazzini forms the ‘Young

organization “Young Poland’ Europe’

1834-40 — Construction of the ‘Huta Bankowa’ ironworks

1835 The association Lud Polski (Polish People) formed (The Grudziaz Commune)

1835-8 Szymon Konarski’s activities in 1837-1901 Reign of Queen Victoria in Great Britain

Podolia, Ukraine and Lithuania 1839-42 Opium War in China 1840-4 Father Piotr Sciegienny’s activities in the Kielce region

1842-5 Activities of the ‘Plebeian Union’ in Poznan

1846 Krakow revolution; peasant rising in

abolished London

Galicia; the Free State of Krak6w 1847 The Workers’ Union formed in

234 Polish History: A Chronological Table POLISH HISTORY GENERAL HISTORY 1848 Uprising in Great Poland; revolutionary ferment in Galicia and Silesia; Warsaw-Vienna railway inaugurated; enfranchisement of peasants in Galicia

1848-9 Polish participation in the 1848-9 Revolution in France, Austria, revolutionary events in Europe Germany, Italy, Hungary; the Communist Manifesto of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

1850-64 Taiping rebellion in China 1851 Customs union of the Kingdom of } Poland and the Russian Empire

1852-71 The Second Empire in France

1853 Ignacy Lukasiewicz discovers the 1853-6 The Crimean War

kerosene lamp 1857 Uprising in India 1859-60 Struggle for the unification of Italy

1860-2 Patriotic demonstrations in the 1861 Enfranchisement of peasants in

Kingdom of Poland Russia; Abraham Lincoln inaugurated

1862 Central Committee of the Reds as US President: American Civil War established in Warsaw; Aleksander (1861-5) Wielopolski becomes chief of the civilian government in the Kingdom of Poland; inauguration of the Main School (University) in Warsaw

1863-4 The January Insurrection 1863 Manifesto on the enfranchisement of peasants issued by the leadership of 1864 The First International Formed the insurrection

1866-85 Gradual elimination ofthe Polish 1866 Prussian—Austrian war; battle of

Kingdom of Poland , 1867 Autonomy of Galicia 1867 The Austrian State transformed into a language from the schools in the Sadova

dual monarchy

| 1869 Opening of theestablishment Suez Canal; of the Workers’ Social Democratic Party in Germany

1870-1 Franco-Prussian War 1871 Proclamation of the German Reich; the Paris Commune

1871-86 The Kulturkampf 1873 The Academy of Sciences and Letters established in Krak6w

1876 Abolition of separate judicature in the Kingdom of Poland and introduction of the Russian language into courts

1878 First socialist organizations formed in 1878 The Congress of Berlin Poland

1880 Trial of Ludwik Waryfski and his associates in Krakow

1882 The ‘Proletariat’ formed 1882 The Triple Alliance formed 1885-6 Trial of ‘Proletariat’ leaders

: Polish History: A Chronological Table 235 1886 The Colonization Commission in

| Great Poland established by the

, Prussian authorities; foundation of the Polish League

, 1889 Polish Workers’ Union formed 1889 The Second International formed : 1890 The first workers’ May Day in Poland 1890 The first workers’ May Day

| 1892 Foundation of the Polish Socialist Party celebrations in London ! 1893 Foundation of the Social Democratic

! Party of the Kingdom of Poland (from | 1900: Social Democratic Party of the | Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania) and | of the Polish Social Democratic Party | of Galicia and Silesia; foundation of the National League

| 1894 The ‘Hakata’ formed in the 1894 The Russo-French Alliance

| Prussian-annexed part of Poland

| 1895 Foundation of the Peasant Party in

| Galicia (from 1893: Polish Peasant Party)

! 1897 Foundation of the National Democratic Party

1898 Anti-Polish emergency laws in the 1898 Discovery of radium by Pierre Curie

Prussian-annexed part of Poland and Marie Curie-Sktodowska , 1900 Establishment of the Labour Party

1901 Strike of schoolchildren in Wrzesnia

against the Germanization of 1903 The Nobel Prize awarded to Antoine

Henri Becquerel, Pierre Curie, and | Marieschools Curie-Sktodowska 1905-7 Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland 1905-7 Revolution in Russia 1906 The Polish Socialist Party (PPS) split into the PPS Left and the PPS Revolutionary Wing

1906-7 School strike in the Prussian-annexed ;

part of Poland 1907 The Triple Entente formed 1911-12 Revolution in China and proclamation of the Republic

1912-13. The Balkan Wars

1914 Supreme National Committee in 1914 Outbreak of First World War Galicia; formation of the Polish Legions at the side of the Austrian army

1915 The Kingdom of Poland occupied by

| the German and Austrian armies

1916 Act of the German and Austrian 1916 Battle of Verdun governments on the Polish question (5 Nov.)

1917 The Legions dissolved; establishment 1917 February Revolution in Russia, of the Polish National Committee in Tsardom overthrown; USA enters Lausanne (it later functioned in Paris); war; victory of the Great Socialist establishment of the Regency Council October Revolution in Petrograd; the Petrograd Workers’ Soviet recognizes

Poland’s right to independence ,

236 Polish Fistory: A Chronological Table POLISH HISTORY GENERAL HISTORY 1918 Ignacy Daszynski forms the Cabinet in 1918 Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points of Peace; Lublin; J6zef Pitsudski becomes chief declaration of the Soviet government

of the independent Polish State on on the annulment of treaties on the 11 November; establishment of the partitions of Poland; outbreak of Polish Communist Workers’ Party revolution in Germany; surrender of

(from 1925: Communist Party of Austria and Germany

Poland (KPP))

1918-19 | Uprising in Greater Poland; Councils of Workers’ Delegates in Poland

1919-20 — Polish—Soviet war 1919 Peace treaty signed in Versailles;

1919-21 _ Silesian uprisings establishment of the League of

oo Nations; the Thirdformed International

1920 Plebiscites in Warmia, Mazuria, and Powisle

1921 The March Constitution ratified; peace treaty of Riga; plebiscite in Silesia

1922 Assassination of President Gabriel 1922 Benito Mussolini’s coup d'état Narutowicz; Stanistaw Wojciechowski elected president

1923 Second Congress of the KPP; workers’ uprising in Kraké6w

1924 Financial reforms of Wtadystaw Grabski; establishment of the Bank Polski; construction of the port of

Gdynia launched

1925 Treaties of Locarno

1926 Jozef Pitsudski’s May coup d'état 1929 The ‘Centrolew’ (Centre-Left) formed 1929-33 The Great Depression

1931 The trial of Brzesé

1932 Non-aggression pact with the USSR 1933 Hitler assumes power; the Reichstag

1934 Non-aggression pact with Germany fire trial

1935 The Constitution of April passed 1935 Remilitarization of Germany; Italian aggression in Abyssinia

1936 Strikes in Krakow and Lwow; peasant 1936 The Berlin-Rome Axis formed

strikes in Little Poland 1936-9 Fascist coup and civil war in Spain 1937 National Unity Camp formed 1937 Japanese aggression in China; Italy joins the German-Japanese pact

1938 The Communist Party of Poland 1938 Annexation of Austria by Germany;

dissolved by the Communist Germany occupies the Sudetenland; International; annexation of the the Munich agreements

Zaolzie region (part of Cieszyn Silesia) by Poland

1939 Nazi Germany attacks Poland 1939 Annexation of Czechoslovakia by (1 Sept.); the September campaign Germany; Soviet-German non(1 Sept.—5 Oct.); the Soviet army aggression pact; outbreak of Second

enters West Ukraine and West World War

Byelorussia (17 Sept.); | Gen. Wiadystaw Sikorski forms the Polish government-in-exile in France; establishment of the Generalgouvernement by the Nazi occupying power

| Polish History: A Chronological Table 237 HISTORY OF POLAND AFTER THE OUTBREAK OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR 1939-45 Second World War

| 1939 September Campaign: Poland partitioned by Germany and USSR (28 Sept.) | 1941 German invasion of USSR: Polish-Soviet Treaty. Implementation of Nazi ‘Final Solution’ begins | 1943 USSR severs diplomatic relations with Polish government-in-exile. Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (Apr.)

| 1944-5 Liberation: complete occupation of Polish lands by Soviet army | 1944-7 — Civil War: liquidation ofall resistance to Soviet supremacy | 1944 Lublin Committee formed by Soviet patronage (22 July)

! Warsaw Uprising (1 Aug.—2 Oct.)

: 1945 Transfer of international recognition from Polish government-in-exile in London to Provisional

| Government of National Unity in Warsaw (28 June); Potsdam Conference (July)

| Formation of Provisional Government of National Unity

| 1946 Referendum (30 June)

: 1947 First elections to Sejm (19 Jan.): Allied protest 1948-56 _—_ Period of Stalinism

1948 Formation of Polish United Workers Party: One-Party State launched

1952 Constitution of Polish People’s Republic (22 July) 1955 Formation of Warsaw Pact by USSR

1956 Poznan workers’ uprising Eighth plenum of party independently elects W. Gomutka as First Secretary

from 1956 Poland governed by national Communist regime

, 1958 Reconstitution of COMECON (23 May) 1966 Celebration of the Polish Millennium 1968 March events: student riots followed by anti-Jewish purge 1970 Baltic riots; fall of Gomutka; E. Gierek First Secretary 1976 Constitutional amendments; June events: rise of political opposition 1978 Cardinal Karol Wojtyta elected Pope John Paul II (16 Oct.)

1980 Emergence of Solidarity 1981 (Dec.) Introduction of martial law 1989 Establishment of first non-Communist government

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Reprinted by permission of Columbia University Press and Oxford University Press