Philodemus, On Death 1589834461, 9781589834460

Citation preview

PHILO DEMUS, ON DEATH

Society of Biblical Literature ~

Writings from the Greco-Roman World

Series Editors David Konstan Johan Thom Editorial Board David Armstrong Elizabeth Asmis Brian E. Daley, S.J. David G. Hunter Wendy Mayer Margaret M. Mitchell Ilaria Ramelli Michael J. Roberts James C. VanderKam

Number 29

PHILO DEMUS, ON DEATH

PHILO DEMUS, ON DEATH

Translated with an introduction and notes by

W. Benjamin Henry

Society of Biblical Literature Atlanta

© 2009 by the Society of Biblical Literature

All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by means of any information storage or retrieval system, except as may be expressly permitted by the 1976 Copyright Act or in writing from the publisher. Requests for permission should be addressed in writing to the Rights and Permissions Office, Society of Biblical Literature, 825 Houston Mill Road, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. All images of P. Here. 1050 (Officina dei paplri ercolanesi "Marcello Gigante," Biblioteca Nazionale di Napoli) copyright © Biblioteca Nazionale di Napoli/ Brigham Young University (Provo, Utah, USA). All rights reserved. By permission of the Ministero per l Beni e le Attivita Culturali, Italy. Further reproduction by any means is strictly prohibited. The financial support of Brigham Young University's Neal A. Maxwell Institute for Religious Scholarship that provided for the inclusion of photographs of all the papyrus leaves is gratefully acknowledged. Special thanks are extended to Roger T. Macfarlane of Brigham Young University for facilitating this special funding.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication

Data

Philodemus, ea. 110----ca.40 B.C. [De morte. English & Greek] Philodemus on death/ translated with an introduction and notes by W. Benjamin Henry. p. cm. - (Writings from the Greco-Roman world; v. 29) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-58983-446-0 (paper binding: alk. paper) 1. Death-Early works to 1800. 2. Epicureans (Greek philosophy) 3. Philodemus, ea. 110-ca. 40 B.C. De morte. 4. Philodemus, ea. 110-ca. 40 B.C. De morte-Translations in to English. I. Henry, W. Benjamin, 1975- II. Title. BD444.P48 2009a 128' .5-dc22 200903975

Printed In United States of America on acid-free, recycled paper conforming to ANSI.NISO 239.48-1992 (Rl 997) and ISO 9706: 1994 standards for paper permanence.

_CertifiedFiberSourcing www.sfiprogram.org

CONTENTS

Preface Abbreviations and Editions Used Introduction Philodemus Epicurean Views of Death Argument of the Treatise The Papyrus Opening and Subsequent Developments Formal Aspects of the Roll History of Editorial Work The Greek Text Formal Matters This Edition

vii IX

xiii XVl

xvm xxiii XXV

xxviii xxxi XXXII

Philodemus, On Death: Text and Translation Select Bibliography

97

Index Verborum

101

Photographs

117

PREFACE

I have incurred many debts of gratitude in working on this text. In the first place, I must thank The University of Texas at Austin for the generous award of a Donald D. Harrington Faculty Fellowship for the academic year 2006-7, when much of the work was done. A Research Fellowship awarded by the same university's Institute for the Study of Antiquity & Christian Origins, directed by L. Michael White, enabled me to continue my work in Austin for a further year. I am most grateful for both awards. The availability of digital images has revolutionized the study of the Herculaneum papyri, and I have depended throughout my work on the infra-red images of the papyrus made by a team from Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah. The digital images of the Oxford disegni published online by the Friends of Herculaneum Society have been an invaluable aid, and it has been helpful to have access to digital images of the Naples disegni, made by BYU. I am grateful to Dr. Agnese Travaglione and the staff of the Officina dei papiri ercolanesi "Marcello Gigante" in the Biblioteca Nazionale di Napoli for facilitating access to papyri and archival materials on my visits to Naples. I have been fortunate to have the opportunity to present portions of my work at various scholarly gatherings, including a conference at Grand Hotel, Mackinac Island, Michigan, made possible by Dan and Amelia Musser and Ron and Kay Smith, and a meeting of the TELEPHe research network in Barcelona, organized by Montserrat Jufresa and Xavier Riu, both in 2007. David Armstrong originally suggested that I work on this text, in which he has long had a particular interest, and he was kind enough to share a number of ideas suggested by a preliminary examination of the infra-red images of the papyrus. Richard Janko most generously found the time to go over a provisional version of my text of the later columns. The volume editor, Elizabeth Asmis, contributed a large number of salutary observations and suggestions on a draft of the book. John T. Fitzgerald, formerly General Editor, helped with practical arrangements. Others to whom I am indebted in various ways include David Blank, Daniel Delattre, Gianluca Del Mastro, Holger Essler, Jeffrey Fish, Jurgen Hammerstaedt, Francesca Longo Auricchio, Roger Macfarlane, Dirk Obbink, and Roland Wittwer. I am grateful to them all. W. Benjamin Henry

Vil

ABBREVIATIONS AND EDITIONS USED

Abbreviations used in citing ancient texts and modern scholarship follow, in general, the guidelines of the Society of Biblical Literature as published in The SBL Handbook of Style ( 1999). Some of the abbreviatiol15 and editions used in citations of ancient texts are listed here (a), together with some other abbreviations used in this volume (b). (A) AUTHORS AND EDITJOKS (A SELECTION)

Adespota tragica

Cited from Richard Kannicht and Bruno Snell, eds., Tragicorum graecorum fragmenta vol. 2 (Gottingen:- Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1981).

Anaxarchus

Cited from Tiziano Dorandi, ed., "I frammenti di Anassarco di Abderat AMAT59 (1994): 9-59.

Callimachus

Cited from Rudolf Pfeiffer, ed., Callimachus (2 vols.; Oxford: Clarendon, 1949-1953 ).

Cameiscus Phil. Demetrius Laco P.Herc. 831 P.Herc. 1012

P.Herc. 1013 P.Herc. 1055 Epicurus

Ep. Her. Ep. Men.

Phili,ta,. Cited from Mario Capasso, ed., Carneisco: fl secondo /ibro de! Filista (La scuola di Epicuro 10; Naples: Bibliopolis, 1988). Cited from Alfred Korte, ed., "Metrodori epicurei fragmenta," JCPh.S l7 (1890): 531-97 at 571-91. Cited from Enzo Puglia, ed., Demetria Lacone: Aporie testuali ed esegetiche in Epicuro (La scuola di Epicuro 8; Naples: Bibliopolis, 1988). Cited from Costantina Romeo, ed., "Demetrio Lacone sulla grandezza de! sole (PHerc. 1013)," CErc 9 (1979): 11-35. Cited from Mariacarolina Santoro, ed., [Demetria Lacone]: [La forma de! dio} (La scuola di Epicuro 17; Naples: Bibliopolis, 2000). For Ep. Her., Ep. Men., Ep. Pyth., Rat. sent., Sent. vat.: P. Von der Miihll, ed., £picuri epistulae tres et ratae sententiae (Leipzig: Teubner, 1922). Other works cited from Graziano Arrighetti, ed., Epicuro: Opere (2d ed.; Biblioteca di cultura filosofica 4 l; Turin: Einaudi, 1973); Hermann Usener, ed., Epicurea (Leipzig: Teubner, 1887). Epistula ad Herodotum (Letter to Herodotus) Epi5tula ad Menoeceum (Letter to Menoeceus)

ix

X

Ep. Pyth. Nat. Rat. sent. Sent. vat.

Hermarchus

PHILODEMUS, GN DEATH

Epistula ad Pythoclem (Letter to Pythocles) De natura (On Nature). Book 14 cited from Giuliana Leone, ed., "Epicuro, Della natura, libro XIV," CErc 14 (1984): 17-107. Ratae sententiae (Key Doctrines) Sententiae vaticanae, Gnomologium vaticanum epicureum (Vatican Sayings) Cited from Francesca Longo Auricchio, ed., Ermarco: Frammenti (La scuola di Epicuro 6; Naples: Bibliopolis, 1988).

Menander

Fragments cited from Rudolf Kassel and Colin Austin, eds., Poetae comici graeci VI, 2 (Berlin: de Gruyter, 1998).

Metrodorus

Cited from Alfred Korte, ed., "Metrodori epicurei fragmenta," JCPh.S 17 (1890): 531-97.

Philodemus D.

Div. Hom.

Jr.

Lib.

Mus.

P.Herc. 19/698 P.Herc. 1251

Piel. Poem.

De dis (On Gods). Book 1 cited from H. Diels, ed., Philodemos iiber die Gotter: Erstes Buch (APAW.PH 1915, No. 7; Berlin: Verlag dcr Konig!. Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1916); book 3 cited from H. Diels, ed., Philodemos iiber die Gotter: Drittes Buch (2 vols.; APAW.PH 1916, Nos. 4 and 6; Berlin: Verlag der Konig!. Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1917). De divitiis (On Wealth). Cited from Adele Tepedino Guerra, ed., "II primo libro 'Sulla ricchezza' di Filodemo," CErc 8 (1978): 52-95. De bona rege secundum Homerum (On the Good King According to Homer). Cols. 21-31 cited from Jeffrey Fish, ed., "Philodemus' On the Good King According to Homer: Columns 21-31," CErc 32 (2002): 187-232; the remainder cited from Tiziano Dorandi, ed., Filodemo: Il buon re secondo Omero (La scuola di Epicuro 3; Naples: Bibliopolis, 1982). De ira (On Anger). Cited from Giovanni Indelli, ed., Filodemo: L 'ira (La scuola di Epicuro 5; Naples: Bibliopolis, 1988). De libertate dicendi (On Frank Speech). Cited from Alessandro Olivieri, ed., Philodemi 1repi mxppT/dac libellus (Leipzig: Teubner, 1914). De musica (On Music). Book 4 cited from Daniel Delattre, ed., Philodeme de Gadara: Sur la musique, Livre IV (2 vols.; Bude, serie grecque 457; Paris: Belles lettres, 2007). Cited from Annick Monet, ed., "[Philodeme, Sur les sensations], PHerc. 19/698," CErc 26 (1996): 27-126. Cited from Giovanni Indelli and Youla Tsouna-McKirahan, eds., [Philodemusj: [On Choices and Avoidances] (La scuola di Epicuro 15; Naples: Bibliopolis, 1995). De pietate (On Piety). Part 1 cited from Dirk Obbink, ed., Philodemus On Piety: Part 1 (Oxford: Clarendon, 1996). De poematis (On Poems). Book 2 cited from Francesco Sbordone ed., [oviiv imi

o

JW"'.-Z{}O,:pzYOC. w.v nc airriic tit n:ipaw. imw:µetpTICT]t ,fot A.o"ftcµSn,"infinite time and finite have

equal pleasere, if one should measure its limits with reasoning." 1 " I.e. a human being. 13 Philodemus echoes the opening of Epicurus, Rat. sent. 20, ii µiv cap~ &.m:i.alk n:epam -cijc iJ6ovj\c a1tetpa JffLI &.1teipocairriiv ;wovoc n:o:peo.:riiacev, "the limits of the pleasure that the fllMlhreceives ar~ infinite and infinite time supplies it" (i.e. "supplies such pleasure"). Epicurus goes on te say that with the aid of reason we realize that we do not require infinite time for a complete

,a.

life: compare 13.3-9 ~w. 14 Two oolumu $\'leffi to be missing here.

TEXT AND TRANSLATION

11

[4.2] possible ... is said to come about, just as [he states(?)] to be possible, [and] images (are said) to be generated in the [ways] that he lays out. 15 [4.6] Thus we [use] the things that have been said concerning the subject matter at hand. [4.7} [But they] discuss it with a wealth ofmaterial 16 in setting out [their reasoning (?)], when they [regard] as dying with pleasure those expiring during sexual intercourse 17 or . . . while ejaculating semen in sicknesses 18 ••• of faintings ... disposed ... [ 4.30} ... as ... say ... in iliness ... [4.37] ... certain faintings ... say ...

15 Philodemus argues that perception at death is possible, referring to Epicurus's arguments on the generation of the images that cause vision: see Ep. Her. 46-53, esp. 48, 11ytvenc ,&v d6c.oA.cov ("the creation of the images") ... KO.tUA.A.Ot 61:,p61to1 ,1vl:c yevvTJnKot,&v ,otoi'.>,cov,:puecc.ov dctv ("and there are other ways too in which things of this kind can be produced"). 16 Literally "wealthily." Compare Rhet. 1 col. 4.23-31 (p. 15 Longo, 1:8 Sudhaus), noA.A.ac61: XEtptcµouc 1ta.paAA.et.no~mcfi KO.\'tT]t 6uvaµEt µl:v OU 6ta1cµ&1, "being grateful to the resulting relief." 11louc10c, "' Compare Rhet. 10, P .Here. 1669 col. 6.17-18 ( I :236 Sudhaus), o µi:v KllTlVWliT]c "the drone-like rich man."

"°

roe

ta

91

TEXT AND TRANSLATION 173

174

to see a helmsman or a tyrant in old age, but he does not consider it (paradoxical) also (quite) generally (to see) a person (in old age), but even when pestilential conditions have him in their power, he does not expect , but rather in his confused drifting he actually does not even despair of immortality, as is clear from his just now planting cypresses, 175 and choking 176 about two 177 copper coins, and laying down foundations of houses that will not be able to be completed even in the thousandth year. 178 [39.1] And yet one would not say that these passions are different from thinking that glass and clay vessels clashing over vast periods of time with adamantine ones persist unbroken. 179 [39.6] But because of an attachment to life that results from being frightened of death, not because they live pleasantly, they seem even to banish applications of 180 the mind to it; then when observation of it becomes distinct, 181 it comes to them as a paradoxical thing, for which reason, being unable to bear even to write a will,182

173 Compare Plutarch, Sept. sap. conv. 14?BC, where Thales den\es that he has said that the most paradoxical thing he has seen is a tyrant who has attained old age, and says that he would be surprised to see not a tyrant, but a helmsman who had attained old age. The tyrant is mentioned alone in the versions of the saying attributed to him in Gen. Socr. 578D and Diogenes Laertius 1.36. 174 The drone-like man. Philodemus implies that the man irrationally hopes to enjoy the trees himself. On planting trees that only future generations will enjoy, compare Horace, Carm. 2. 14.22 with the note of Nisbet and Hubbard, Book II; Cicero, Sen. 24, with the note of Powell, De senectute. On ancient cypresses and their uses, see Wilhelmina F. Jashemski, Frederick G. Meyer, and Massimo Ricciardi, "Plants: Evidence from Wall Paintings, Mosaics, Sculpture, Plant Remains, Graffiti, Inscriptions, and Ancient Authors," in The Natural History of Pompeii (ed. Wilhelmina Feemster Jashemski and Frederick G. Meyer; Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), 80--180 at 104--u. 176 I.e. "furious." Compare Aristophanes, Nub. 988, Vesp. 686. 177 Such a tiny loss would need to be repeated more often than is conceivable in the rest of the old man's life to make any significant difference. Thus an old man who behaves in this way may be said to be acting as though he does not expect to die. 178 Compare Horace, Carm. 2.18.18-19, sepulcri I immemor struis domos, "with no thought of your tomb you build houses." m Compare Seneca, Marc. 11.3, quid est homo? quolibet quassu vas et quo/ibet fragile iactatu, "What is a man? A vessel breakable by any shaking and any tossing." 18 °For the technical term £7tt~o'.A.~used here and at line 25 below, translated "application of the mind," compare e.g. Epicurus, Rat. sent. 24; Ep. Her. 38; Julia Annas, Hellenistic Philosophy of Mind (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992), 165--u6; Margaret Graver, trans., Cicero on the Emotions: Tusculan Disputations 3 and 4 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002), 195-

201. 181

Compare P.Herc. 1251 col. 16.8-12, o0Ev oux OOCltEp ow.v

Kai:'

eva.pyEtav Eu0uc ec6µEVOC

6 06.vawc £1ttY1VIDCKT]1:at CllVc):WCon tEA.E\JtncoµEv evvo[ouµEv, "consequently we do not constantly bear in mind that we will die as (we do) when death is distinctly recognized as immediately impending." 182 See in general John T. Fitzgerald, "Last Wills and Testaments in Graeco-Roman Perspective," in Early Christianity and Classical Culture (ed. John T. Fitzgerald, Thomas H. Olbricht, and L. Michael White; NovTSup 110; Leiden: Brill, 2003), 637-72, esp. 644-54 on "testation as moral obligation."

TEXT AND TRANSLATION

93

183

they are overtaken and surrounded, and are forced to bear a double burden of misfortune, as Democritus says. 184 [39.15] But persons of sound mind, even if as a result of some compelling cause they become unmindful of the fact that the finishing-line of life 185 may immediately meet with them, (still) when it comes 186 • · mto view, they survey wit. h a great speed 187 th at cannot b e descn.bed to th ose unfamiliar with it both the fact that they have enjoyed everything and the fact that complete unconsciousness is taking hold of them, and expire as undauntedly as (they would) if their application of the mind had not been wanting even for the briefest period.

Compare 37. I 8-19, cvva[p]rra1;Ec0a[l], "being caught unawares.''. . . . The improvident make things twice as bad for themselves by shrmkmg from the obltgatlon to have a will ready. See on 29.27-28 above for the use of a word from Democritus's .dialect. ~vµcpop~. "misfortune," is attested for Democritus in FVS 68 B 42, . 76 (bot~ .ascnbed to "Democrates"), 215, and 293. 8t~vµq,opc:'iv, "to bear a double burden of misfortune, 1s not found elsewhere, but the formation is regular; compare ◊lCUAAaPciv, "to have two syllables," beside 183 184

cvUaP~.

"syllable." For the metaphor, compare 19.7 above. 186 Literally "comes to be in their eye," as in Lib. col. I ?a.9-10. The plural is commoner. 18? Compare Epicurus, Ep. Pyth. 85, Ota µv11µnc excov O~ECOC afrra 7tEptoOE1JE, "keeping them 185

in your memory, survey them quickly."

TEXT AND TRANSLATIO:-.1

95

Philodemus On Death 4188

line count: ... 17189

118 columns

188

190

The title, located well to the right of the final column of text, is centered and framed: decorated horizontal strokes are added above and below the overall title, ''Philodemus On Death," at left, right, and center, and a further· horizontal stroke is added below the hook number. Another decorative element is the symbol to the right of the line count: no doubt a balancing > appeared at the beginning. 189 The figure, given in acrophonic numerals, is broken off at the start. The sum of the preserved digits is 117 (I 00+ l0+5+ 1+ I). Further numerals representing thousands and possibly hundreds are lost to the lefi. The figure was presumably taken over from the scribe's exemplar: there are no other stichometric indications in this copy to suggest that the scribe was keeping track of the total. See in general on stichometry Delattre, La Villa, 44-48; Essler, "Rekonstruktion," 299-301. l9'J Written in smaller letters slightly further to the left. Gianluca Del Mastro, "Osservazioni sulle suhscriptiones dei Pflerc. 163 e 209," CErc 33 (2003): 323-29, esp. 324-27, notes a column count in similar form similarly located in P.Herc. 163 (Div. !). The column count, standing on the same level as the final lines of the full columns of text preceding, completes the end-title proper, but a second hand, apparently the same as was responsible for the mysterious annotation in the lower margin of col. 32, has added a note in the lower margin with a thicker pen, perhaps "Philodemus" (only the first four letters are preserved). The funetion of this note, first read correctly by Tiziano Dorandi, "Stichometrica," ZPE 70 (1987): 35-38 at 35-36, is unknown: compare Mario Capasso, "I titoli nei papiri ercolanesL I: un nuovo esempio di doppia soscrizione net Pflerc. 1675," PapyLup 3 (1994): 235-52 at 247-48, repr. in Volumen. Aspetti de/la tipologia del rotolo lihrario ant/co (Cultura 3; Naples: Procaceini, I 995), 119-37 at 131-32. See in general on titles in the Herculaneum papyri Delattre, La Villa, 55-61.

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

Acosta Mendez, Eduardo, and Anna Angeli, eds. Filodemo: Testimonianze su Socrate. La scuola di Epicuro 13. Naples: Bibliopolis, 1992. Algra, Keimpe, Jonathan Barnes, Jaap Mansfeld, and Malcolm Schofield, eds. The Cambridge History of Hellenistic Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999. Armstrong, David. "All Things to All Men: Philodemus' Model of Therapy and the Audience of De morte." Pages 15-54 in Philodemus and the New Testament World. Edited by John T. Fitzgerald, Dirk Obbink, and Glenn S. Holland. Novum Testamentum Supplements 111. Leiden: Brill, 2004. --. " 'Be Angry and Sin Not': Philodemus versus the Stoics on Natural Bites and Natural Emotions." Pages 79-121 in Passions and Moral Progress in Greco-Roman Thought. Edited by John T. Fitzgerald. London: Routledge, 2008. --, Jeffrey Fish, Patricia A. Johnston, and Marilyn B. Skinner, eds. Vergil, Philodemus, and the Augustans. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2004. Amim, Hans von. "Philodemea." Rheinisches Museum for Philologie, Neue Folge 43 (I 888): 360-75. Asmis, Elizabeth. "Philodemus' Epicureanism." ANRW 2.36.4:2369-2406. Part 2, Principal, 36.4. Edited by Wolfgang Haase. Berlin: de Gruyter, 1990. Bassi, Domenico, ed. Herculanensium voluminum quae supersunt, collectio tertia, t. I. Milan: Hoepli, 1914. Beavis, Ian C. Insects and Other Invertebrates in Classical Antiquity. Exeter: University of Exeter, 1988. Blank, David, and Francesca Longo Auricchio. "Inventari antichi tA68riµoc itEpt 0av&-cou /l. Philodemos Ueber den Tod, viertes Buch." Literarisches Centralblatt for Deutsch/and (1886): 1595. --. Review of Walter Scott, Fragmenta herculanensia: A Descriptive Catalogue of the Oxford Copies of the Herculanean Rolls. Gottingische gelehrte Anzeigen (1886): 53740. Biicheler, Franz. "Coniectanea critica. 7." Rheinisches Museum fur Philologie, Neue Folge 15 (1860): 289-96. Repr. pages 198-203 in vol. 1 of Kleine Schr/ften. 3 vols. Leipzig: Teubner, 1915-1930. Buresch, Carl. "Consolationum a Graecis Romanisque scriptarum historia critica." Leipzig er Studien zur classischen Philologie 9 ( 1886): 1-170. Capasso, Mario, ed. Contributi alla storia della Officina dei papiri ercolanesi 3. Naples: Graus, 2003.

97

98 --,

PHILODEMUS, ON DEATH

ed. Hermae: Scholars and Scholarship in Papyrology. Biblioteca degli "Studi di egittologia e di papirologia" 4. Pisa: Giardini, 2007. --. Manuale di papirologia ercolanese. Universita degli Studi di Lecce, Dipartimento di filologia classica e medioevale, Testi e studi 3. Galatina: Congedo, 1991. --. "Primo supplemento al Catalogo dei papiri ercolanesi." Cronache ercolanesi 19 (1989): 193~264. Cavallo, Guglielmo. Libri scritture scribi a Ercolano. Supplement I to Cronache ercolanesi 13 (1983). Naples: Macchiaroli, 1983. Cronert, Wilhelm. Kolotes und Menedemos: Texte und Untersuchungen zur Philosophenund Literaturgeschichte. Studien zur Palaeographie und Papyruskunde 6. Leipzig: Avenarius, 1906. --. Memoria graeca herculanensis. Leipzig: Teubner, 1903. Del Mastro, Gianluca. "Secondo supplemento al Catalogo dei papiri ercolanesi." Cronache ercolanesi 30 (2000): 157-242. --. xaprryc: Catalogo multimediale dei papiri ercolanesi. CD-ROM. Naples: Centro Intemazionale per lo Studio dei Papiri Ercolanesi Marcello Gigante, 2005. Delattre, Daniel. La Villa des Papyrus et les rouleaux d'Herculanum: La bibliotheque de Philodeme. Cahiers du CeDoPaL 4. Liege: CeDoPaL, 2006. --, ed. Philodeme de Gadara: Sur la musique, Livre IV. 2 vols. Collection des universites de France, publiee sous le patronage de !'Association Guillaume Bude, serie grccque 457. Paris: Belles lettres, 2007. Diets, Hermann. Review of Siegfried Mekler, ed., "ll>11..66rtµoc 1tept 0o:vawu L'i. Philodemos Ueber den Tod, viertes Buch." Deutsche Litteraturzeitung 7 (1886): 515-16. Dorandi, Tiziano. "L'Omero di Filodemo." Cronache ercolanesi 8 (1978): 38-51. --. "Supplemento ai supplementi al Catalogo dei papiri ercolanesi." Zeitschrift far Papyrologie und Epigraphik 135 (2001): 45-49. Essler, Holger. "Bilder von Papyri und Papyri als Bilder." Cronache ercolanesi 36 (2006): 103-43. --. "Rekonstruktion von Papyrusrollen auf mathematischer Grundlage." Cronache ercolanesi 38 (2008): 273-307. Fitzgerald, John T., Dirk Obbink, and Glenn S. Holland, eds. Philodemus and the New Testament World. Novum Testamcntum Supplements 11 I. Leiden: Brill, 2004. Fraenkel, Eduard, ed. Aeschylus Agamemnon. 3 vols. Oxford: Clarendon, 1950. Gantz, Timothy. Early Greek Myth: A Guide to Literary and Artistic Sources. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993. Gigante, Marcello, ed. Catalogo dei papiri ercolanesi. Naples: Bibliopolis, 1979. --. Ricerche filodemee. 2d ed. Biblioteca della Parola de! passato 6. Naples: Macchiaroli, 1983. Gomperz, Theodor. "Zu Philodem." Hermes 12 (1877): 223-25. Repr. pages 90-92 in Eine Auswahl herkulanischer kleiner Schriften, J864-1909. Edited by Tiziano Dorandi. Philosophia antiqua 59. Leiden: Brill, 1993. Heinze, Richard, ed. T Lucretius Carus De rerum natura Buch III. Leipzig: Teubner, 1897. Janko, Richard, ed. Philodemus: On Poems, Book 1. Philodemus: The Aesthetic Works I/1. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

99

Kassel, Rudolf. Untersuchungen zur griechischen und romischen Konsolationsliteratur. Zetemata 18. Munich: Beck, 1958. Kuiper, Taco, ed. Philodemus over den dood. Amsterdam: H.J. Paris, 1925. Long, A. A., and D. N. Sedley. The Hellenistic Philosophers. 2 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. Mekler, Siegfried, ed. "v4.6, 18.9, [23.37] ouda 31.10 O'U'tE6.5, 19.33, 19.35, 28.34, 30.27, 30.33, 34.30, 34.31, 38.20 (twice) 0'01:0C5.6,8.15,8.17,9.10, 11.10, 13.7, 13.10, 13.36, 14.1, 15.4, 16.4, 17.2, 17.4, 17.9, 19.10,20.2,20.9,20.10, 21.28, 21.32, 22.16, 24.2, 24.6, 24.16, 24.32, 26.5, 26.8, 27.2, 27.8, 27.10, 28.12, 28.25, 31.10, 31.37, 32.25, 32.35, 32.36, 33.4, 33.18, 33.29, 34.8, 34.11, 34.39, 35.13, 36.33, 36.38, 37.2, 37.3, 37.37, 38.25, 39.2 dG1:w(c)28.8, 35.25, 37.31, 38.3, 39.23 ou1:wd 16.9 ouxi 13.1, [19.37], 24.8, 28.3 O(jlctAElV 3 3 .13 (Homer) O(j)EAOC 23.29, 24.31 ox1c11c1c 8.5, 8.8, 10.5, 10 bis.4, 14.8, 15.31 mi0oc 29.31, 39.1 1tat8iov 9.3 naic 23.18, 25.3 ITaAaµT]Ol1c34.4 7tUAlV33.37 n&µnoAuc 37.38, 39.4 1mµn6v11poc34.24, 35.17 navninact 28.37 navmx60cv 27.13 nav,EATJC28.11 nav1:EAfuc18.6 1tav1:08a1tfuc37 .15 7tUV1:(l)C [8.33], 10.5, 29.16 ltUV\l34.13 nap&+ acc. 8.17, 13.36, 20.10, 23.35, 37.30, 37.37, 39.11 nap&+ dat. 28.29, 35.3, 35.19, 36.20 napaypa(j)ElV 19.7 napaypa(jll] 39.18

112

PHILODEMU8, ON DEA TH

rcapa81o6vm 17.37 rcap6.8osoc 37.21, 37.40, 38.24, 38.29, 39.11 rcapmpE'i:v38.19 napaKoAou06v 26.6, 28.36 napaUayn 32.22 rcapa.Aoyoc34.6 rcapaµu0E'i:c0m 26.28 rcapaµu0ia 37.11 rcapaµu0wv l.3, I 9.28, 34.28 rcaparceµrcElV30.1 rcaparcirc1:E1v 37.18 rcaparcAncwc36.38 rcaparcAr,dwc 14.13, 28.17 rcapacKEua~Elv[3 bis.6], 3.35, 25.13, 28.20 rcapa-ms1c 29.1, 29.3 rcapan0evat 4.9 napEtvm 35.28 rcapexEw 8.18, 34.9 rcapVO'lj/ 21.2 rcapotKEtv38.5 rc&.c6 bis.6, 11.6, 11.10, 13.3, 14.4, 14.7, [16.3], 20.5, [24.36], 27.5, 27.7, 28.16, 29.11, 30.2, 30.16, 32.9, 32.31, 34.12, 34.22, 34.33, 34.34, 35.7, 36.24, 36.28, 37.23, 37.27, 37.29, 38.15, 38.25, 39.21 rcacxnv 10.36, 17.10, 17.12,21.2,25.25, 30.30, 33. 19 rcmpic 26.2, 26.20, 33.16 TCE~oµax{a rcEi0Etv25.11, 29.11, 32.28, 35.6 TCEtpaJ0.3 rcEAayoc33.6 rcEpatVElV3.8 rcepac 30.4 7CEpt10.13 rcEpt+ acc. 2.3, 3.4, 5.12, 6.13, 21.10, 22.33, 34.6, 35.24, 37.22 rcEpt+ gen. 1.16, 4.7, 6.8, 16.2, 16.8, 17.30, 17.33, 29.22, 30.6, 33.16, 36.32, 36.35, 38.37 7C€pt~AE7C'tOC 30.10 m::ptopa.HElV18.7 7CEptElVat 23.15, 23.34, 37.10 7tEplEXEtV 37.33 rcEp1Ka1yyvwct6c 20.3, 33.37 cuyKa-ta'tl0EVCU

cuyKptµa [3.37] cuyKptCtC8.32 rnyKpOUEtV39.4 cuyK1.>pEtV 33.34, 34. JJ, 36.J, 38.24, 39.17 cuµj3aivnv [8.1], 8.28, 8.35, 10 bis.7, 11.7, 17.2,20.10 cuµj3ouA£u£tv 20.1 cuµna0ia [8.4], 8.6 (1.) µcpEpEtv15.5 cuµcpop&25.5, 35.22, 36.17 cuµcpop&l;etv25.37 cuµcpwvia 10.11 cwmpe'i:v 23.37, 37.13 C1.lVUKOA01.l0£tV 38.21 cuvav-ro:v3 7 .21 cuvanocprpEtv 17.6 C1.lVct1t'tEtv 32.12, 32.13 c1.>vap1tct/;Etv 37. I 9 C1.lVU1l~ctVELV J 8.1 J CUVEK1t't(J)µa, 36.3 CUVEXElV 6.8, 26.8, 32.6 CUVTJ0ric 33.25 cuv0ct1t'tEtV30. J9 cuvtc-r&vm 8.15, 8.31 CUVlC'tOpEtV 23.1 cuv6Awc 30.7 C1.lV01lctct/;ELV 4. JJ CUV'tEAElV 14.2, 24.1, 31.17, 36.6 C1.lV1J1tctPXEtv [36.21] cuvwµocia 34.23 cuc-rmtc 37.30, 38.28 CXECtC 2.13 CwKpa-rric34.4, 35.31 c&µa B.8, 3.5, 8.7, 9.10, 15.12, 16.14, [17.1] CW'tT]p 3.33 mAmnwpil;nv 32.10, 32.19 mAainwpoc 3.30, 34.31, 35.21, 36.15 'tO:p