Performance in a simple motor task before and after a single rest period

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mm&mmm

is

a

smmm. hkeqe

mm® ®

ASBtt A S W I I XBST PSBXGD

Edward Alfred Bilodeau

A d is s e r ta tio n subm itted in p a r t i a l fu lf illm e n t o f the requirem ents fo r th e degree of Boot o r o f Philos** ©phy* in th e Department of Psychology in th e Graduate College o f the S ta te U niT ersity o f Iowa Ju n e9 1950

ProQuest Number: 10598582

All rights re serv e d INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality o f this re p r o d u ctio n is d e p e n d e n t u p o n t h e quality o f t h e c o p y su b m itted . In th e unlikely e v e n t th a t th e au th or did n o t s e n d a c o m p l e t e m an u scrip t a n d th e r e a re m issing p a g e s , t h e s e will b e n o te d . Also, if m aterial h a d to b e r e m o v e d , a n o t e will in d ic a te th e d e le tio n .

uest. P roQ u est 10598582 P u blished b y P roQ u est LLC (2017). C op yrigh t o f th e D issertation is h eld b y t h e Author. All rights reserv ed . This work is p r o te c te d a g a in s t u n au th orized c o p y in g u n d er Title 17, U nited S ta te s C o d e Microform Edition © P roQ u est LLC. P roQ u est LLC. 789 East E isenh ow er Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 - 1346

j& m m & x a e m

The au th o r wishes to express M s g r a titu d e to Dr* Hudson S* Brown f o r many h e lp fu l su g g estio n s and e r ltio is & e during the course of t h i s in v e s tig a tio n *

11

ta b e s o f

commas

01iapber I II III

Pag® In tro d u c tio n * * * » ' * » • « < , • * «

5

E xperim ental Procedure * * • » « • . * *

6

* , * * • •

« * * * » * «

B. A pparatus * * . . * * ♦ • * * * 0 , Procedure » * + *

« *

V II

6 7

I), E xperim ental Design » * « • » • • •

8

R esu lts

I . , * , . * * * * , * , * . ,

10

A» Form of the I n i t i a l P ra c tic e Ourv© • * < ► » » * « * „ « . * « » *

11

B« Comparison of I n i t i a l Scores o f Both P r a c tic e P erio d s . » « . * » *

IS

0* f i n a l P r a c tic e

. . * « * « * * * *

22

a* Spontaneous Recovery * « « • « .

22

b* Wars-TJp Decrement

22

* « * * * * * • +

do Rat© o f Responding a s a fu n c tio n o f th e Three E xperim ental V a ria b le s « + * « . * « . • • * » •

VI

6

+ * • * • * * » •

c* O ther Slop© C h a r a c te r is tic s

V

1

Purpose

A* S u b jects

I?

.

25

32

D iscu ssio n

37

T h e o re tic a l D iscussion » • . • » * • * * •

47

Summary

54 ill

fAlEB OT CONTENTS (continued)

Fag# Am

* * * . • * ♦ * « * * »

5?

3* AppftttAiX

A * m m w * * * m * m m

m

59

C# Appendix

B * * * » * * * * * * * *

61

iv

z\m& of ixm m s Mgur© X*

Page Mean r a t e o f responding during i n i t i a l p r a c tic e for the 16 c o n d itio n s w ith 16 m inutes o f p r a c tic e * * * * * * * *

12

Mean r a t e o f responding d u rin g e ig h t m inutes o f i n i t i a l p r a c tic e w ith work* lo ad in g a© the param eter * * * * * * *

14

Mean r a te o f responding during the f i r s t 30 sec* of (1) I n i t i a l p r a c tic e and (2) f i n a l p r a c tic e w ith re s p e c t to each of th re e experim ental v a r ia b le s * * . * « * * . ♦ * * * * * *

If

4#

Grand means o f rat© o f responding d u rin g f i n a l p r a c tic e * * * * * * * *

26

5*

Mean r a t e o f responding during f i n a l p r a c tic e p lo tte d fo r s ix randomly s e le c te d comparisons * * * * * * * * *

28

Mean r a t e of responding d u rin g f i n a l p r a c tic e p lo tte d f o r s ix s e le c te d comparisons * * * * * * * * * * * * *

29

Mean r a te o f responding during f i n a l p r a c tic e w ith in te rp o la te d r e s t as the param eter * » * « * * * • « , * •

34

2*

3.

&♦

7*

8.

9#

Mean r a t e o f responding d u rin g the f i n a l p r a c tic e w ith wo r e l o a d in g as th e param eter * # * * * « . * * • * * S uccessive v alu es o f s i r given a p a r t i c u l a r s e t of v alu es f o r th e in terv en in g ' s t a t e s , such th a t sSr sl!r *■ T r * sS r0 * * * * * * * * v

*

36

50

3&S&B Of WIQWMS {®m%iwmA) fig u re 10*

Page

Successive values o f elfr given a second s e t of v alu es f o r the in te rv e n in g s t a t e s » such th a t*

J lr * s ir ** Tr * aBre * * * * *

51

W &M 0? fABv m

ta b le

Pag©

I

A th r e e V ariab le f a c t o r i a l Design « * * *

XX

Mean Eat© o f Responding During th e H irs t 30 Sec. o f I n i t i a l P ra c tic e w ith R espect to Work-Loading * * * * * * * * *

111

IV V VI

VII

V III

IX

X

6

16

A Comparison o f Some Moan B ates o f

Responding D aring I n i t i a l P r a c tic e w ith Some Daring f i n a l P r a c tic e . ...........................

21

Spontaneous Recovery a s a F unction o f fh re e E xperim ental V a ria b le s ♦ . . . * *

23

II®an Locus o f the f i r s t R e la tiv e Itaimum (min*) During f i n a l P r a c tic e

31

* *

Mean Hate of Responding During f i n a l P ra c tic e w ith D uration o f I n i t i a l P r a c tic e as the P aram eter * . * „ * # « *

33

Mean Hate of Responding During I n i t i a l P r a c tis e f o r {!) the 16 C onditions w ith 16 M inutes o f Continuous P r a c tic e and (2) the 16 C onditions w ith l i g h t M inutes of Continuous P ra c tic e * * * * * * * * *

62

Mean Rate o f Responding During E ight Minute© o f I n i t i a l P ra c tic e w ith Work? Loading as th e Param eter * * * * * * * *

63

Mean Rate o f Responding During the f i r s t 30 Sec* of (1) I n i t i a l P r a c tic e and (2) f i n a l P r a c tic e f o r Each o f fh re e .................... , V ariab les , «

64

Mean Hate o f Responding During f i n a l P ra c tic e f o r la e h o f 16 Combinations w ith Summation over Work-Loading « * * *

65

v ii

XAMM OF TABLES {co n tin u ed }

T able Mean Bat® of Responding During F in a l P r a c tic e f o r Bach o f 16 Combinations w ith Summation over I n i t i a l P r a c tic e

6?

. Mean B ate of Responding During F in a l P r a c tic e f o r Bach o f 16 Combinations w ith Summation over B est * * * * * *

xxn XXV

Mean B ate o f Responding During F in a l P r a c tic e w ith I n te r p o la te d R est a s th e P aram eter 9 « *:

71

Mean P r a c tic e w ith Work-Loading a s th e P aram eter * * * » ■ * * ♦ * - * « * * * * *

72

v ili

C hapter X xiraoDXftmoN Decrements in hunian m otor p ro d u c t!v ity have been in v e s tig a te d f o r many y e a rs by means o f erg o g rap h ie tech n iq u es (14)»

One o f the advantages o f th e erg o g rap h lc

ta s k i s t h a t i t en ab les the in v e s tig a to r to study perform * anco decrem ents and perform ance recovery in a r e l a t i v e l y sim ple p e rc e p tu a l and motor s itu a tio n #

Tim ta s k , f o r

exam ple, i s r e l a t i v e l y uncom plicated by hand-eye c o o rd in a tio n and learn in g # Tim p u r s u it r o to r has a ls o been e x te n s iv e ly v

employed in the study o f human motor perform ance ( 2 , 11, 1 5 )« Perform ance decrem ents and. reco v ery from decrem ent, a p p a re n tly s im ila r to th o se o btained w ith the erg o g rap h , have been re p o rte d #

However, s tu d ie s w ith the p u r s u it

r o t o r have involved a le a rn in g f a c to r w hereas l i t t l e o r no Improvement i n perform ance i s dem onstrable d u rin g a p r a c tic e s e s s io n In th e erg o g rap h ie s itu a tio n *

S k ille d

perform ance w ith th e p u r s u it- r o to r ta s k ap p ears to demand th e a c q u is itio n o f a number o f co o rd in ated movements« I f S i s to be p r o f i c i e n t , he must a c q u ire th e se co o rd in ated movements as w e ll as i n h i b i t o r suppress a number o f o th e r movements which may n o t be a s advantageous fo r h ig h l e v e l s

2

of sicill*

A ttem pts to I n te g r a te such perform ance phenomena as acq u isitio n * decrement * rem iniscence* e tc * , ob tain ed w ith le a rn in g ta s k s i n t o a g e n e ra l t h e o r e t i c a l scheme by means of H ull lan«*type analyse® have been made by such I n v e s tig a to r s a s Ammons ( l j , Kimble {?, 8, 9)* and o th ers* A cq u isitio n * f o r example* I s accounted f o r i n te r n s o f the s tre n g th e n in g of an h y p o th e tic a l connection {s E r) , and decrem ent i s a t t r i b u te d to in h ib itio n (Xr and s i r ) r e s u l t i n g from th e making o f a response*

Both Xr and

s i r d ep ress work o u tp u t, but a re o th erw ise giv en d ifi* e re n t p r o p e r tie s ; I r th o se o f a d r iv e , and s i r th o se o f a h a b it*

fh e d riv e component ( I r ) i s s a id to p ro v id e

th e m o tiv a tio n a l b a s is f o r th e development o f a r e s t in g h a b it*

I n t h i s manner both ^ e arn in g and work concepts

have been employed to account f o r th e complex perform ance phenomena o b tain ed in p u r s u i t- r o t o r s tu d ie s * However, I t should be noted t h a t th e co n cep ts o f Xr and s i r have, f o r th e most p a r t , evolved out o f s i t u a t io n s where a la rg e amount o f Improvement in p e r­ formance i s dem onstrable*

I f In such s it u a t io n s d riv e (H)

rem ains c o n s ta n t, th e Improvement i n perform ance I s c u sto m a rily a t t r i b u t e d to in c re a s e s in th e s tr e n g th o f th e

3 re a ctio n evocation p o te n tia l ( s i r ) o r more d i r e c t l y to Increased m agnitudes o f sHr*

The fo reg o in g in tervenin g

v a r ia b le s a re assumed to combine in to a s in g le e f f e c tiv e tendency toward resp o n se CsSr) In th e fo llo w in g manners affi?

S

ta ttr I B )

«

sHr X £>

-

Ir

-

s ir

(1)

w here, s ir

(2)

The q u estio n now a r is e s a s to w hether th e in fe re n c e s made about I r and s i r i n s itu a tio n s where s i r to e s n o t rem ain c o n sta n t a re a p p lic a b le to s it u a tio n s where s i r may be r e l a t i v e l y c o n s ta n t th ro ughout th e p r a c tic e period*

In

a g e n e ra l way th e purpose o f th e p re se n t stu d y i s to in v e s tig a te s y s te m a tic a lly c e r t a i n m otor perform ance v a r ia b le s and to r e l a t e th e fin d in g s to I r and s i r when s ip can b© assumed to be r e l a t i v e l y constant* A new ty p e o f ta s k has been u sed ; one, I t was

hoped, which in v o lv e d >l i t t l e o r no le a rn in g and a la r g e amount o f resp o n se decrement*

The new ta s k i s s im ila r to

th e ergograph and d is s im ila r t o th e p u r s u it r o t o r in t h a t i t in v o lv e s a r e l a t i v e l y sim ple hand-eye c o o rd in a tio n and a m oderate amount o f e f f o rt*

I t i s perhaps p o s s ib le to

minimize th e le a rn in g component by s im p lify in g th e ta s k so th at th e Ss come to th e experim ental s i t u a t io n w ith a

4 s e t o f w oll e s ta b lis h e d sEr* s .

T a r i a b i l i t y l a perform ance

sc o re s can probably be reduced by fflaxiicd%ing m o tiv a tio n , o r in o f f e e t , reducing th e v a r i a b i l i t y o f D in a sample o f S s,

An attem p t a t maximizing m o tiv a tio n was made by

running two 8s sim u ltan eo u sly and encouraging them be compete or rae$ w ith each o th er*

5 C hapter H m Bm m

The purpose o f th e p re se n t stu d y was to In v e s tig a te s e v e ra l a s p e c ts o f response decrement and response reco v ery a s a fu n c tio n o f th re e independent ex perim ental v a ria b le s ! 1® The amount of work -required to accom plish a r e l a t i v e l y sim ple movement (w ork-loading} 2* The d u ra tio n o f a s in g le i n i t i a l p r a c tic e p erio d ( i n i t i a l p ra c tic e )* 3* The d u ra tio n o f a s in g le r e s t p e rio d fo llo w in g th e i n i t i a l p r a c tic e p erio d (rest)® These ifa ria b le s a re o p e ra tiv e i n any m otor ta s k w hether sim ple o r complex*

A ll have been ind ep en d en tly

stu d ie d i n both ergographie and p u r s u it t a s k s , save f o r amount o f work in th e l a t t e r *

However, no experim enter

u sin g a non learn in g type o f ta s k has stu d ie d response decrement and recovery i n term® o f t h e i r fu n c tio n a l re la tio n sh ip ® to one of the th re e v a ria b le s*

6 C hapter WL sxB^mMmsAh PHooEi>®i

f !m Bb war© o b tained from th e undergraduate c la s s e s l a pay ecology a t th© S ta te U n iv e rsity o f Iowa, 411 Ss war© f e m le and t o t a l s 256 in number* 1*

Annara t m 1?he m ajor ©laments o f th© ap p aratu s ware two

ohute b aM 32 ta b le te n n is b a lls *

l a eh chut© was 17

in ch es high* 1*5 inches square and made o f .wood.

file two

ch u tes were mounted about th re e f e e t a p a r t on a ta b le top*. I f a ta b le te n n is b a ll was l i f t e d from a cup a t th e bam o f th e chut© and dropped in to th e to p o f th e ch u te , th e b a l l re tu rn e d to the cup, where i t was ag a in i n a p o s itio n read y f o r l i f t i n g * fh e 32 b a l l s were broken up fey w eight in to fo u r s e t s of e ig h t b a lls each*

fhe w eig h ts o f th e b a ll s

assig n ed to th e fo u r s e ts were 21, 42, 64# and 168 grams r e s p e c tiv e ly ,

Bach p a i r o f Ba used th e e ig h t b a lls o f

one s e t , t h a t i s , fo u r b a l l s fo r each S* On© S s a t in f ro n t o f each chut®,

Whenever a

M i l was dropped in to th e to p of th e chute an e l e c t r o m agnetic co u n ter recorded the passage o f th e b a l l {a sc o re

©f one}*

fb e two c o u n te rs were placed between th e two

ch u tes so t h a t both could be seen a t a g lan ce by e i t h e r 0*

Two a d d itio n a l c o u n ters war© p la c e d in f r o n t of 1

and were re a d ©very JO-see* by 1*

P assage o f th e b a l l

through th e ©but© a ls o a c t I t ©tad on© of two re c o rd in g pen© a tta c h e d to a C o nstantsa peed polygraph*

A th ird

pen* which produced a tim e lin e * was a c tiv a te d one© p e r sec* fey Means o f a commutator d riv e n by a 60 r*p*m* coixstant-speed motor* 0*

P rocedure The 0s were in s tr u c te d to l i f t th© w eighted

b a l l s on© a t a tim e fr. A pplet on-Sentury7' ‘1943* *

7.

K im ble, 0 . A* An experim ental t e s t of a tw o -fa c to r th eo ry o f in h i b it io n . £ • exp. P sy ch o l. . “ 39, 15-23*

g.

^ A f u r th e r a n a ly s is of th e v a r ia b le s in c y c lic a l motor le a rn in g . £ • exp. P sy ch o l. , 1949, 39* 332-337*

9.

Perform ance and rem iniscence in motor ieax S in g a s a fu n c tio n o f th© degree of d i s t r i b u ti o n o f p r a c tic e . £ . exp* P sy ch o l. . 1949# 39, 500-510*

10.

Kim ble, 0* A* and B ilodeau, B. A. Work and r e s t a s v a ria b le s in c y c lic a l motor le a r n in g . I* exp* P sy ch ol. , 1949* 39# 150-157*

58

UmbXe,

A. and Borens to in , B* S* Reminiscence i n m otor le a rn in g as a fu n c tio n o f le n g th o f in te rp o la te d rest* £ . exp* P s y c h o l., 1940, 38, 239-244•

12*

le w is , I), and Shephard, A. H* Deyioes f o r studying a s s o c ia tiv e in te rfe re n c e in psychomotor performance; X* The m odified Mashburn Apparatus* £* of P sy ch o l.* 195$, 29 , 35-46*

13*

Manes, R» B. The e f f e c t s o f pacin g and d istr ib u tio n on in tercorr© lation o f motor a b i l i t i e s * £* JB&-" g sy eh o l* , 1947, 37, 459-472.

14*

Robinson, I* S* Work o f th e in te g ra te d organism, Ohapt* 12 in A Handbook of Oarer a 1 H x p erM ental ■ * W orcester, Z a ss7 ? o lH rE ,S niV *'P ress. , 1934*

15*

T ra in s , H, 0« P r a c tic e and r e s t p e rio d s in motor learn in g * £ . P sy ch o l*, 1937, 3 , 18>-i&?*

59

60

■Bffmaamm. to

m

summt

t h i s i s a stu d y o f how q u ick ly and a c c u ra te ly

you can make c e r t a i n movements.

I n f r o n t o f you and

your p a r tn e r i s a ekut© in which a r e placed a number o f b a l l s * Tour jo b i s to drop th e b a lls* one a f t e r a n o th e r, in to th e to p o f the ch u te AS h I H I AS YOU GAP* You a r e t o do t h i s w ith your p re fe rre d la n d , l i f t one b a ll a t a tim e , and keep your n o n p referred hand i n your la p . to e co u n ter w i l l re co rd th e number o f b a i l s which you a r e a b le to drop through th# ch u te; th e o th e r counter w i l l re c o rd y o u r p a r tn e r 1 s sco re in a s im ila r fa s h io n . By lo o k in g a t th e co u n ters from tim e to time you w i l l be a b le to see b o th sco res «*~your mm and your p a rtn e rs* lam-ember t h a t th e b e s t sco re s a re obtained by th o se who work b o th q u ick ly and e f f ic ie n tly *

Should you

drop a b a l l to th© f l o o r by m istake do n o t sto p to p ic k i t u p , b u t go r i g h t on l i f t i n g th e rem aining b a lls a s q u ick ly a s you can* Are th e re any questions? Bo n o t f o r g e t t h a t t h i s i s a speed t e s t ! 2 sa y , re a d y , g e t s e t to s t a r t . q u ic k ly a s you can.

When

When I say , g o , s t a r t a s

APPENDIX

82

TAKLS VII Mean Bat© o f Responding B aring I n i t i a l P r a c tic e f o r ( ! ) The 16 C onditions w ith 16 M inutes o f Continuous P r a c tic e and (2) file 16 C onditions w ith B ight M inutes o f Continuous P ra c tic e H ss ^4 .nute

16-1MC

M inute

i 6 ~jc~e:

I

31.91

9

30.50

2

31, SB

10

30.03

3

3 1 ,2 8

11

3 0 .1 1

4

31.05

12

29.71

5

31.17

13

3 0 .0 2

6

30.72

14

30.47

7

30.32

15

30.51

B

2 9 .8 0

16

3 0 .2 1

m ute

g-C-K

Minute

g-K-K

1

31 *94

5

30.47

2

31.71

6

30.43

3

31.44

7

30.29

4

31.05

8

30 . H

m

TABLEHU Mean Hate o f Bespon&ing During E ig h t M inutes o f i n i t i a l P r a c tic e w ith Work-Loading a s th e P aram eter H s 32 Work-Loading M inute

21

42

84

168

1

3 2 ,7

3 2 .6

3 2 .1

30*4

2

3 2 .6

3 2 .0

32.2

30*4

3

31.7

31.6

3 1 .8

30.3

4

31.4

3 1 .0

31.4

30.4

5

3 1 .6

31.0

3 1 .0

29.8

6

31.2

30.6

3 1 .0

29.5

7

3 1 .0

30.3

3 0 .8

29.2

8

30.8

3 0 .0

30.1

2 8 .8

64

TAB1E IX Mean Hate o f He spend in g D uring thm F i r s t 30 See* o f (1) I n i t i a l P r a c tic e and (2 ) F in a l P r a c tic e f o r Each o f f&re© V a ria b le s M st 6 4 M inutes a

4

8

16

In itia l

3 1 .2 3

32.20

31.73

31.70

F in a l

3 4 .6s

35*76

35.90

35.51

3.45

3.56

4 .1 ?

3.81

P r a c tic e

Gain

M inutes 1

2

4

8

In itia l

31.18

3 2 .2 9

3 1 .3 2

32.06

F in a l

34.39

35*92

35.78

35.78

3 .2 1

3.63

4*46

3.72

B est

Gain

Grasis 21

42

84

168

In itia l

32*87

32.65

31.29

30.04

F in a l

36

.18

35.84

35.65

34.18

3 .3 1

3.19

4.36

4*14

Work lo a d in g

Gain

65 tABtS X Mean Bat® o f Responding D uring F in a l P ra c tic e f o r Eaoii o f 16 C om binations vd.th Summation Over W ork-Loading H a 16

2—1—

4-1-&

8-1-K

16-1-K

0 .5

3 2 .8

3 5 .1

35.0

34.8

1 .0

31.3

33.8

31.6

33.9

1 .5

31.6

33.6

3 1 .7

31.6

2 .0

3 0 .6

32.2

3 2 .1

30.4

2 .5

29.6

30.8

31.8

31.1

3 .0

2 9 .2

31.1

30.7

29.1

3 .5

2 9 .4

31.1

30.2

29.9

4 .0

2 9 .9

31.3

31.1

29.7

2 -2-K

4-2-K

8-2-IC

16-2-&

0 .5

35.6

34.8

36.9

36.4

1 .0

34.5

34.6

34.3

35.0

1 .5

33.1

32.9

34.3

34.5

2 .0

3 2.4

31.6

3 2.9

3 3 .7

2 .5

3 2.2

30.5

32.4

3 2 .6

3 .0

3 2.1

3 1 .9

3 1 .2

33.3

3.5

3 2 .0

2 9 .8

3 1 .7

3 2.7

4 .0

30.9

3 0 .8

31.9

32.4

M inute

M inute

T&BUS X { c o n tin u ed )

2-4-K

4~4“*5£

8-4-K

16-4-JE;

0 .5

35.2

36.1

36.1

35.8

1 .0

34.0

33.5

34.2

34.6

1 .5

33.6

33.2

33.5

34.9

2 .0

31.9

34.0

31.6

3 4 .2

2 .5

31.2

3 3 .2

33.2

34.2

3 .0

3 1 .6

31.6

3 1 .0

32.7

3 .5

31.6

31.6

3 1 .2

32.5

4 .0

3 1 .9

31.9

31.4

32.5

2-8-K

4-3-K

0 .5

35.2

1 .0

M inute

-

S-8-K

16-&4E

37.1

3 5.7

35.1

34.9

35.6

34.6

34.6

1 .5

35.4

35.4

34.2

34.3

2 .0

33.6

34.2

33.2

34.1

2 .5

3 4 .4

35.4

33.3

33.8

3 .0

33.2

33.3

32.4

33.0

3 .5

34.1

32.9

31.7

3 3.7

4 .0

31.9

33.8

32.6

32.3

M inute

67 5AB1E XX Mean B ate o f Responding D uring 711181 P ra c tic e f o r Bach o f 16 C om binations w ith Summation Over I n i t i a l P ra c tic e H s 16 K -l-2 1

K—1—42

K -l-8 4

K-1-16S

0 .5

35.3

33.8

34.9

33.6

1 ,0

33.4

32.3

32.9

3 2 .0

1 .5

33.9

31.3

3 2 .0

3 1 .2

2 ;0

32.1

3 1 .4

30.5

31.3

2 .5

31.2

31.3

3 0 .2

30.5

3 .0

3 0 .2

3 0.5

29.9

29.4

3 .5

3 0 .2

30.4

3 0.3

29.6

^>•0

3 0 .8

2 9 .6

30.9

30.5

K—2—21

K-2-42

£ -2 -8 4

E-2-168

0 .5

36.8

3 7 .4

35-4

34.1

1 .0

34.9

35.8

3 4.5

33.2

1 .5

34.9

33.8

33.0

33.1

2 .0

3 3 .4

3 2 .6

32.2

32.3

2 .5

32.3

33.2

31.0

3 1 .1

3 .0

3 2 .6

33.2

3 0 .9

3 1 .7

3 .5

32.0

32.2

31.3

3 0 .6

4 .0

32.4

31.4

3 1 .4

3 0 .8

M inute

M inute

'•

68 TABLE XI (continued) K*?4**21

K-4-42

K-4~34

0,5

36.9

35.4

3 6 ,1

34.8

1 .0

35.4

34.9

33.0

33.0

1.5

35.6

34»4

33.5

31.3.

2 .0

34.5

33.0

3 2 .2

32.1

2.5

33.5

34.0

3 1 .8

3 2 .8

33.8

3 1 .6

31,4

30.4

32.4

32.1

31.5

30.9

33.9

32.6

30.4

3 0 .8

K-8 - 2 1

K-8 -4 2

K-3-84

0 .5

35.8

36,3

3 6 ,2

34.3

1 .0

35.4

35.3

3 6 ,2

3 2 .8

1.5

36.4

34.1

35.8

33.1

2 .0

34.7

35.1

34.4

3 1 .0

2.5

34.7

34.4

35.5

3 2 .2

3 .0

34.0

33.8

33.9

3 0 .2

3 .5

34.4

33.4

33.6

30.9

4*0

34.4

33.4

32.9

29.9

H inuta

\

3.0 3.5 4 .0

Minute

•

K-4 -1 6 8

K«8~168

69

table xii

Mean Hate o f Responding D uring S in a i P r a c tic e f o r Metoh o f 16 C om binations w ith Summation Over R est H a 16 2-K-21

2 -K- 4 2

2-,K"*$4

0 .5

3 5 .3

3 5.5

3 3 .4

34.5

1 .0

3 5 .1

3 4.4

3 2 .1

33.1

1 .5

35.3

33.4

31.3

33.6

2 .0

32.3

3 2.5

3 1.5

32.2

2 .5

32*2

33.0

2 9 .9

32.2

31.9

32 .8

30.1

3 1 .4

3 .5

3 2 .4

32 .4

3 0 .6

31.8

4 .0

3 2 .6

3 0 .9

28.9

32.4

4-K-21

4-K-42

4-E-84

4-K-168

0 .5

3 6 .4

36.8

36.5

33.4

1 .0

3 4.8

36.5

33.9

32.1

1 .5

3 4.9

35.0

33.8

31.6

2 .0

33.6

3 4 .8

31.9

31.8

2 .5

3 3 .1

34.4

31.4

30.9

3 .0

3 2.7

33.5

31.9

2 9 .9

3 .5

3 2 .2

32.8

3 0.7

2 9 .6

4 .0

32.2

34.2

31.5

2 9 .9

M inute

3 .0

.

M inute

2-K-168

70

TABUS H I (continued) 8-K-21

8-K-42

8-K-84

0 .5

37.6

35.5

36.5

3 4 .0

1.0

34.3

33.4

34.8

32-3

1 .5

34.9

32.5

34.8

31.4

2 .0

34.6

32.1

32.5

30.6

2 .5

32.9

32.2

34.2

31.2

>•0

32.8

30.6

31*4

30.5

3.5

31.8

30.6

32.8

29 .7

4 .0

33.4

3 1 .6

31 .9

3 0 .2

M iauto

8-&-168

16-K-21

16-K -42

0 .5

35.4

35.6

36.2

34.6

1.0

35.0

34.0

35.8

33.4

1*5

35.6

32.7

34.5

32.6

2 .0

34.2

3 2 .8

33.4

3 2 .0

2 .5

33.4

33.2

32.9

3 2 .1

3 .0

33.2

3 2 .2

32.7

30.0

3 .5

32.7

32.4

32.6

31.0

4 .0

33.4

30.6

33-4

29.5

16-K -168

M inute

71

TABLE X III Mean B ate o f Hespoading D uring F in a l P r a c tic e W ith In te rp o la te d B est a s th e P aram eter N s 64 K-l-K

v" o tr K-4-E

K-S-K

K-K-K

0 .5

34.39

35.92

35.78

35.78

35.46

1 .0

32.65

34.59

34.09

34.92

34.06

1 .5

3 2 .1 0

33.68

33.79

34.84

33.60

2 .0

31.32

3 2 .6 4

32.93

33.79

32.67

2.5

30.81

31.92

33.00

34.18

32.48

3 .0

30.03

32.10

31.78

32.98

31.72

3 .5

30.15

31.53

31.71

33.09

31.62

4 .0

30.51

31.50

31.93

32.67

31.65

M inute

72

Tmm xpr Mean Bat© o f Besponding During F in a l Praofci oe With Work-Loading a s th e P aram eter H « 64

Minute

KHE-.21 K>K“ 42

K-K- 8 4

E-K-168

K-K-K

0 .5

36.18

35*a4

35.65

34.18

3 5 .4 6

1 .0

34.79

34*57

34.15

32.73

34.06

1 .5

35.17

33*40

33.57

32.28

33.60

2 .0

33.68

33.03

32.31

31.67

32.67

2 .5

32.92

33.23

32.12

31.64

32.48

3.0

32.65

3 2 .2 6

31.53

3 0 .4 5

31.72

3.5

32.26

3 2 .0 4

31.67

30.51

31.62

4 .0

32.87

31.81

31.43

3 0 .5 0

31.65