Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition 1-933452-95-1, 978-1-1933452-95-1

Table of contents :
User License Agreement......Page 4
Table of Contents......Page 7
Land Use Codes......Page 8
Preface......Page 11
Acknowledgments......Page 12
1 Introduction......Page 15
2 Changes Since the 4th Edition......Page 19
3 Definition of Terms......Page 23
4 Database Description......Page 31
5 Parking Demand Data Summaries......Page 35
6 Land Use Descriptions
and Data Plots......Page 39
Land Use: 021 Commercial Airport......Page 40
Land Use: 090 Park-and-Ride Lot
with Bus or Light Rail Service......Page 44
Land Use: 110 General Light Industrial......Page 51
Land Use: 130 Industrial Park......Page 55
Land Use: 140 Manufacturing......Page 59
Land Use: 150 Warehousing......Page 63
Land Use: 151 Mini-Warehouse......Page 67
Land Use: 170 Utility......Page 75
Land Use: 180 Specialty Trade Contractor......Page 79
Land Use: 220 Multifamily Housing (Low-Rise)......Page 83
Land Use: 221 Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise)......Page 103
Land Use: 222 Multifamily Housing (High-Rise)......Page 136
Land Use: 223 Affordable Housing......Page 149
Land Use: 252 Senior Adult Housing—Attached......Page 179
Land Use: 253 Congregate Care Facility......Page 182
Land Use: 254 Assisted Living......Page 187
Land Use: 255 Continuing Care Retirement Community (CCRC)......Page 209
Land Use: 310 Hotel......Page 215
Land Use: 311 All Suites Hotel......Page 226
Land Use: 312 Business Hotel......Page 231
Land Use: 320 Motel......Page 239
Land Use: 330 Resort Hotel......Page 242
Land Use: 411 Public Park......Page 252
Land Use: 420 Marina......Page 256
Land Use: 430 Golf Course......Page 260
Land Use: 433 Batting Cages......Page 264
Land Use: 435 Multipurpose Recreational Facility......Page 267
Land Use: 437 Bowling Alley......Page 270
Land Use: 438 Billiard Hall......Page 274
Land Use: 440 Adult Cabaret......Page 280
Land Use: 441 Live Theater......Page 285
Land Use: 444 Movie Theater......Page 287
Land Use: 445 Multiplex Movie Theater......Page 298
Land Use: 464 Roller Skating Rink......Page 306
Land Use: 465 Ice Skating Rink......Page 308
Land Use: 466 Snow Ski Area......Page 313
Land Use: 473 Casino/Video Lottery Establishment......Page 319
Land Use: 481 Zoo......Page 320
Land Use: 482 Water Slide Park......Page 323
Land Use: 488 Soccer Complex......Page 328
Land Use: 490 Tennis Courts......Page 332
Land Use: 491 Racquet/Tennis Club......Page 334
Land Use: 492 Health/Fitness Club......Page 351
Land Use: 493 Athletic Club......Page 356
Land Use: 495 Recreational Community Center......Page 361
Land Use: 520 Elementary School......Page 369
Land Use: 522 Middle School/Junior High School......Page 373
Land Use: 530 High School......Page 376
Land Use: 536 Private School (K–12)......Page 379
Land Use: 538 School District Office......Page 381
Land Use: 540 Junior/Community College......Page 386
Land Use: 550 University/College......Page 395
Land Use: 560 Church......Page 403
Land Use: 561 Synagogue......Page 408
Land Use: 562 Mosque......Page 410
Land Use: 565 Day Care Center......Page 412
Land Use: 580 Museum......Page 418
Land Use: 590 Library......Page 429
Land Use: 595 Convention Center......Page 437
Land Use: 610 Hospital......Page 440
Land Use: 612 Surgery Center......Page 453
Land Use: 620 Nursing Home......Page 456
Land Use: 630 Clinic......Page 468
Land Use: 640 Animal Hospital/Veterinary Clinic......Page 473
Land Use: 650 Free-Standing Emergency Room......Page 477
Land Use: 710 General Office Building......Page 479
Land Use: 712 Small Office Building......Page 488
Land Use: 714 Corporate Headquarters Building......Page 492
Land Use: 715 Single Tenant Office Building......Page 501
Land Use: 720 Medical-Dental Office Building......Page 508
Land Use: 730 Government Office Building......Page 515
Land Use: 732 United States Post Office......Page 519
Land Use: 735 Judicial Complex......Page 523
Land Use: 750 Office Park......Page 529
Land Use: 760 Research and Development Center......Page 533
Land Use: 812 Building Materials and Lumber Store......Page 537
Land Use: 813 Free-Standing Discount Superstore......Page 541
Land Use: 814 Variety Store......Page 548
Land Use: 815 Free-Standing Discount Store......Page 554
Land Use: 816 Hardware/Paint Store......Page 562
Land Use: 820 Shopping Center......Page 567
Land Use: 840 Automobile Sales (New)......Page 583
Land Use: 841 Automobile Sales (Used)......Page 587
Land Use: 842 Recreational Vehicle Sales......Page 591
Land Use: 843 Automobile Parts Sales......Page 595
Land Use: 845 Motorcycle Dealership......Page 600
Land Use: 848 Tire Store......Page 605
Land Use: 850 Supermarket......Page 610
Land Use: 851 Convenience Market......Page 622
Land Use: 857 Discount Club......Page 625
Land Use: 860 Wholesale Market......Page 632
Land Use: 861 Sporting Goods Superstore......Page 634
Land Use: 862 Home Improvement Superstore......Page 646
Land Use: 863 Electronics Superstore......Page 651
Land Use: 864 Toy/Children’s Superstore......Page 655
Land Use: 866 Pet Supply Superstore......Page 658
Land Use: 867 Office Supply Superstore......Page 662
Land Use: 868 Book Superstore......Page 664
Land Use: 869 Discount Home Furnishing Superstore......Page 666
Land Use: 876 Apparel Store......Page 668
Land Use: 880 Pharmacy/Drugstore
without Drive-Through Window......Page 672
Land Use: 881 Pharmacy/Drugstore
with Drive-Through Window......Page 678
Land Use: 882 Marijuana Dispensary......Page 688
Land Use: 890 Furniture Store......Page 690
Land Use: 892 Carpet Store......Page 700
Land Use: 899 Liquor Store......Page 708
Land Use: 912 Drive-In Bank......Page 712
Land Use: 920 Copy, Print and Express Ship Store......Page 718
Land Use: 930 Fast Casual Restaurant......Page 721
Land Use: 931 Quality Restaurant......Page 725
Land Use: 932 High-Turnover (Sit-Down) Restaurant......Page 740
Land Use: 933 Fast-Food Restaurant
without Drive-Through Window......Page 767
Land Use: 934 Fast-Food Restaurant
with Drive-Through Window......Page 771
Land Use: 936 Coffee/Donut Shop
without Drive-Through Window......Page 788
Land Use: 937 Coffee/Donut Shop
with Drive-Through Window......Page 792
Land Use: 939 Bread/Donut/Bagel Shop
without Drive-Through Window......Page 796
Land Use: 940 Bread/Donut/Bagel Shop
with Drive-Through Window......Page 799
Land Use: 941 Quick Lubrication Vehicle Shop......Page 803
Land Use: 943 Automobile Parts and Service Center......Page 806
Land Use: 960 Super Convenience Market
with Gas Station......Page 811
Land Use: 970 Winery......Page 814
Appendix A. Data Sources......Page 817
Appendix B: Seasonal Variation Data......Page 823
Appendix C: Parking Generation Data Collection......Page 829

Citation preview

Parking Generation Manual 5th Edition

JANUARY 2019 INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERS

Parking Generation Manual 5th Edition

INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION ENGINEERS

USER LICENSE AGREEMENT NOTICE OF LICENSE: BY PURCHASING THIS PRODUCT, YOU BECOME A LICENSEE AND AGREE TO BE BOUND BY THE TERMS OF THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT. This license covers the Work supplied by ITE and governs your use of the Work as Licensee. IMPORTANT: Parking Generation Manual (“the Work”) is a copyrighted work owned and published by the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) and may be used and reproduced only in accordance with the terms of this License Agreement. The Work is now and will continue to be owned by ITE and is being made available to you in accordance with this Agreement, under which you agree to become a “Licensee.” This Agreement authorizes you (the customer and Licensee) to make non-published copies of portions of the Work, as set out below, provided you do not reproduce the Work in an unauthorized fashion, and that you do not display, republish, sell, or otherwise interfere with ITE’s copyright ownership in the Work. YOU MAY NOT COPY THE WORK IN ANY MANNER WHICH VIOLATES THIS LICENSE. IF YOU ARE NOT AN EMPLOYEE OR AGENT OF A LICENSEE OF THE WORK, YOU HAVE NO RIGHT TO COPY, MANIPULATE, ALTER, OR OTHERWISE CHANGE THE WORK IN ANY MANNER. IF YOU ARE AN EMPLOYEE OR AGENT OF A LICENSEE OF THIS WORK, YOU HAVE A LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY TO KNOW AND FOLLOW THE TERMS OF THE LICENSE, AS FOLLOWS: Notices of Intellectual Property Rights. You agree to ensure that a visible and conspicuous copyright notice be visible on any copies of the work made by you and/or when the Work is displayed electronically. Such notice, if not already present on the copies or displayed version of the Work, shall state: “Copyright ® 2019 by Institute of Transportation Engineers.” By entering into this License Agreement, you acknowledge and agree that ITE is the sole owner of all rights in the Work, including all copyrights. Warranties. All warranties of merchantability or fitness of use for a particular purpose, express or implied, except for those contained in this agreement, are waived by you as Licensee. The Work is licensed to you “as is.” Works and ITE does not guarantee that the Work will meet “all requirements” of your business or profession. ITE shall not be responsible for any damages, consequential or otherwise, that may be suffered by you as Licensee or your employees or agents in the use of the Work. (Such damages shall include but not be limited to lost profits, lost sales, all actions lying in tort, or any other cause of action arising out of the use of the Work.) Termination. This license shall also terminate immediately if you as Licensee do not comply directly or indirectly with any term of this License Agreement, including but not limited to non-payment of license fees, unauthorized copying, or unauthorized modification of the Work in any manner. You may terminate this license at any time by so indicating in writing to ITE and destroying all copies of the Work or by returning the Work to ITE. Use of the Work after termination is not authorized by ITE and shall be considered by ITE to be infringement of its intellectual property rights, in addition to any rights that may accrue to ITE by such use. Assignments, Transfers. You may not assign this license Agreement, the rights, duties, and obligations in this License Agreement, nor may you assign the Work without permission from ITE. Copying; display. You may copy portions of the Work at no charge as you may need from time to time in order to carry out your professional work. You may not copy, reproduce in any format, display, manipulate, publish, or otherwise change and/or interfere with the Work in a manner that would allow the public or any non-private gathering or audience to see or have access to the Work or any portion of the Work. No person acting on your behalf may violate the terms of this License Agreement. You agree that only employees and/or agents who understand the basic terms of this License and who are aware of ITE’s ownership of the Work, including all copies of the Work, shall have access to the Work.

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Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Audits. ITE may make reasonable examinations and inquiries of your use of the Work to ascertain that you are complying with the limitations upon copying and other uses of the Work as stated in this License Agreement. If any such examination or inquiry reveals noncompliance with the terms of this License Agreement, ITE may terminate this agreement. Injunctive Relief. As Licensee, you acknowledge that misuse, copying, or disclosure of the Work will give rise to irreparable injury to ITE, and leave ITE inadequately compensable in damages. Accordingly, ITE may seek and obtain injunctive relief against your breach or threatened breach, of this License Agreement, in addition to any other legal remedies, such as suit for copyright infringement, which may be available to ITE. As Licensee, you also acknowledge and agree that the terms contained within this Agreement are necessary for the protection of ITE’s legitimate business interests and are reasonable in scope and content. If you have questions about the terms of this License Agreement, please e-mail or telephone ITE at the following address: Institute of Transportation Engineers 1627 Eye Street, NW, Suite 600 Washington, DC 20006 USA Phone: +1 202-785-0060 E-mail: [email protected]

iii

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition The Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) is an international membership association of transportation professionals who work to improve safety and mobility for all transportation system users and help build smart and livable communities. Through its products and services, ITE promotes professional development and career advancement for its members, supports and encourages education, identifies necessary research, develops technical resources including standards and recommended practices, develops public awareness programs, and serves as a conduit for the exchange of professional information. ITE develops the next generation of transportation professionals through its K–12 STEM program and its more than 150 student chapters. Founded in 1930, ITE is a community of transportation professionals including, transportation engineers, transportation planners, consultants, educators, technologists, and researchers. Through meetings, seminars, publications, and a network of more than 15,500 members working in more than 90 countries, ITE connects you to a world of ideas, people, and resources.

Institute of Transportation Engineers 1627 Eye Street, NW, Suite 600 Washington, DC 20006 USA Telephone: 202-785-0060 Fax: 202-785-0609 www.ite.org © 2019 Institute of Transportation Engineers. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including storing in a retrieval system, photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other noncommercial uses permitted by copyright law. Please refer to User License Agreement. For permission requests, write to the publisher at the above address. Publication No. IR-034D 500/OMNI/0319 ISBN-10: 1-933452-95-1 ISBN-13: 978-1-933452-95-1 Printed in the United States of America First Printing

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Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Table of Contents Preface....................................................... ix Acknowledgments..................................... x

Chapter 4. Database Description............ 17 Data Sources...........................................17 Data Age..................................................17

Chapter 1. Introduction............................. 1

Filtered Data Subsets...............................17

Purpose.....................................................1

Settings....................................................18

Contents....................................................1 Cautions.....................................................1

Chapter 5. Parking Demand Data Summaries....................................... 21

Organization...............................................2

Land Use Description Pages....................21

Update Procedure......................................2

Text and Tables........................................21

Questions and Comments..........................3

Parking Demand Data Plots.....................21

Chapter 2. Changes Since......................... 5 the 4th Edition ITEParkGen Web App................................5

Parking Demand Statistics.......................22 Cautions...................................................23

Land Use Codes........................................5

Chapter 6. Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots.......................................... 25

Definitions of Terms, Independent Variables, and Time Periods.................6

Appendix A: Data Sources.................... 803

Land Use Subcategory...............................7 Setting........................................................7 Land Uses with One Data Point.................7

Appendix B: Seasonal Variation Data.... 809 Appendix C: Parking Generation Data Collection....................................... 815

Chapter 3. Definition of Terms.................. 9 Setting/Location.........................................9 Time Periods............................................10 Independent Variables.............................10 Land Use Subcategories..........................12 Data Page Terms.....................................13 Land Use Description Page Terms...........15

v

Land Use Codes Port and Terminal

433

Batting Cages

021

Commercial Airport

435

Multipurpose Recreational Facility

090

Park-and-Ride Lot with Bus or Light Rail Service

437

Bowling Alley

438

Billiard Hall

440

Adult Cabaret

Industrial

441

Live Theater

110

General Light Industrial

444

Movie Theater

130

Industrial Park

445

Multiplex Movie Theater

140 Manufacturing

464

Roller Skating Rink

150 Warehousing

465

Ice Skating Rink

151 Mini-Warehouse

466

Snow Ski Area

170 Utility

473

Casino/Video Lottery Establishment

180

481 Zoo

Specialty Trade Contractor

482

Water Slide Park

Residential

488

Soccer Complex

220

Multifamily Housing (Low-Rise)

490

Tennis Courts

221

Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise)

491

Racquet/Tennis Club

222

Multifamily Housing (High-Rise)

492

Health/Fitness Club

223

Affordable Housing

493

Athletic Club

252

Senior Adult Housing—Attached

495

Recreational Community Center

253

Congregate Care Facility

254

Assisted Living

Institutional

255

Continuing Care Retirement Community

520

Elementary School

522

Middle School/Junior High School

530

High School

536

Private School (K-12)

538

School District Office

540

Junior/Community College

Lodging 310 Hotel 311

All Suites Hotel

312

Business Hotel

320 Motel 330

Resort Hotel

Recreational 411

Public Park

420 Marina 430

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Golf Course

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

550 University/College 560 Church 561 Synagogue 562 Mosque 565

Day Care Center

580 Museum 590 Library 595

Convention Center

Medical

862

Home Improvement Superstore

610 Hospital

863

Electronics Superstore

612

Surgery Center

864

Toy/Children’s Superstore

620

Nursing Home

866

Pet Supply Superstore

630 Clinic

867

Office Supply Superstore

640

Animal Hospital/Veterinary Clinic

868

Book Superstore

650

Free-Standing Emergency Room

869

Discount Home Furnishing Superstore

876

Apparel Store

880

Pharmacy/Drugstore without Drive-Through Window

881

Pharmacy/Drugstore with Drive-Through Window

882

Marijuana Dispensary

890

Furniture Store

892

Carpet Store

899

Liquor Store

Office 710

General Office Building

712

Small Office Building

714

Corporate Headquarters Building

715

Single Tenant Office Building

720

Medical-Dental Office Building

730

Government Office Building

732

United States Post Office

735

Judicial Complex

750

Office Park

760

Research and Development Center

Retail 812

Building Materials and Lumber Store

813

Free-Standing Discount Superstore

814

Variety Store

815

Free-Standing Discount Store

816

Hardware/Paint Store

820

Shopping Center

840

Automobile Sales (New)

841

Automobile Sales (Used)

842

Recreational Vehicle Sales

843

Automobile Parts Sales

845

Motorcycle Dealership

848

Tire Store

850 Supermarket 851

Convenience Market

857

Discount Club

860

Wholesale Market

861

Sporting Goods Superstore

Services 912

Drive-in Bank

920

Copy, Print, and Express Ship Store

930

Fast Casual Restaurant

931

Quality Restaurant

932

High-Turnover (Sit-Down) Restaurant

933

Fast-Food Restaurant without Drive-Through Window

934

Fast-Food Restaurant with Drive-Through Window

936

Coffee/Donut Shop without Drive-Through Window

937

Coffee/Donut Shop with Drive-Through Window

939

Bread/Donut/Bagel Shop without Drive-Through Window

940

Bread/Donut/Bagel Shop with Drive-Through Window

941

Quick Lubrication Vehicle Shop

943

Automobile Parts and Service Center

960

Super Convenience Market/Gas Station

970 Winery

vii

Preface Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition is a publication of the Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE). Parking Generation Manual is an educational tool for planners, transportation professionals, zoning boards, and others who are interested in estimating parking demand of a proposed development. Parking Generation Manual includes a complete set of searchable electronic files including land use descriptions and data plots for all available combinations of land uses, time periods, independent variables, and settings. Data contained in Parking Generation Manual are presented for informational purposes only and do not include ITE recommendations on the best course of action or the preferred application of the data. The information is based on parking generation studies submitted voluntarily to ITE by public agencies, developers, consulting firms, student chapters, and associations. Parking Generation Manual provides access for users to the ITEParkGen web app. This desktop application allows electronic access to the entire parking generation dataset with numerous filtering capabilities including site setting (i.e., rural, general urban/suburban, dense multi-use urban, center city core), geographic location, age of data, and development size. Instructions for using ITEParkGen are included within the app. Additional data are needed from the profession to create a data-rich environment for parking analysis. ITE will continue to prepare updates to Parking Generation Manual and consider new complementary handbooks for planning or sizing parking facilities as additional data become available. User comments on Parking Generation Manual are invited. Through user feedback, ITE has enhanced each subsequent edition of Parking Generation. ITE continually seeks additional ways to increase the value of this document and requests that users provide recently collected data for the land uses presented in Parking Generation Manual or any other land uses for inclusion in future editions and updates. A data collection form is included in Appendix C. Although this report provides a powerful tool to better understand parking demand, it contains information that can also be easily misinterpreted without sound professional judgment. Users are cautioned to use professional judgment in applying all data contained in this report. They also need to be cognizant of site and area characteristics that can affect parking demand (e.g., availability of transit services, demand management strategies, parking pricing, shared parking) and of the continued need for additional data. Lack of appreciation of these factors may lead to an inaccurate estimate of potential parking demand and ultimately the improper sizing of a parking facility.

ix

Acknowledgments Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition is the product a of concerted effort by dedicated volunteers, contractors, and ITE Headquarters staff. ITE volunteers contributed many hours of timely review and feedback to this project. ITE is particularly appreciative of the efforts put forth by the Parking Generation Manual Review Panel. The dedicated service, expertise, and insight of the members of the panel contributed immensely to the completion of this resource. Kevin G. Hooper (F), Kevin Hooper Associates, served as the technical lead for the project. He was responsible for proactively pursuing the acquisition of new parking demand data, assembling and analyzing all data received, conducting statistical analyses and validation for the 5th Edition, and composing and editing text. Lisa M. Fontana Tierney (F), ITE Traffic Engineering Senior Director, served as project manager for the publication, assisted in the development of the technical content for the report, and coordinated the project and volunteer activities. ITE Technical Publications Manager Deborah Rouse edited and managed the production of the publication in coordination with Communications and Media Senior Director Marianne Saglam. Special thanks are extended to Transoft Solutions for providing programming support for the development of the ITEParkGen web app. Finally, ITE expresses its appreciation to the many agencies, firms, students, and other individuals who have provided data to this effort.

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Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

The following are the members of the Parking Generation Manual Review Panel: Joseph C. Balskus (M), VHB, Wethersfield, CT

David Nevarez (M), City of Dallas, TX

Justin C. Barrett (M), JCB Engineering, Calgary, AB

Johnny Ojeil, Arup, Midlands, UK

Paul E. Basha (M), City of Scottsdale, AZ

Sanjay Paul (M), Rick Engineering Company, Phoenix, AZ

Christopher L. Brehmer (M), Kittelson & Associates, Portland, OR

Joseph A. Regis (M), Hamilton Consulting Engineers, Joliet, IL

Kenneth P. Cram (F), Bayside Engineering, Woburn, MA

Peter Richards (M), IBI Group, Toronto, ON

Kristina M. Currans (M), University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ

Gerald Salzman (F), Desman Design Management, Chicago, IL

Darlene A. Danehy (M), Psomas, Tucson, AZ

Scott A. Schell (M), Associated Transportation Engineers, Santa Barbara, CA

Brian E. Dempsey (F), Provident Design Engineering, Hawthorne, NY

Vijayaraghavan Sivaraman (M), Airsage, Atlanta, GA

Cheuk Y. (Billy) Dong (M), City of Vancouver, BC

Mary S. Smith (M), Walker Parking Consultants, Indianapolis, IN

Bryant J. Ficek (M), Spack Consulting, Roseville, MN Jon D. Fricker (F), Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN

Fernando J. Sotelo (M), PlaceWorks, Santa Ana, CA Mark E. Spencer (F), W-Trans, Oakland, CA

Rebecca Goldberg (M), Cameron Engineering & Associates, Woodbury, NY

Kathrin M. Tellez (M), Fehr & Peers Associates, Walnut Creek, CA

Wes Guckert (F), The Traffic Group, Baltimore, MD

Peter A. Terry (F), Benchmark Civil Engineering Services, Allentown, PA

Daniel K. Hardy (M), Renaissance Planning Group, Arlington, VA

Jane Wilberding, Sam Schwartz Engineering, New York, NY

Louis J. Luglio (M), Sam Schwartz Consulting, New York, NY

Michael J. Workosky (M), Wells and Associates, Tysons, VA

Ransford S. McCourt (F), DKS Associates, Portland, OR

Bradley W. Yarger (M), Yarger Engineering, Indianapolis, IN

Gordon E. Meth (F), Robson Forensic, Cedar Knolls, NJ

Aaron T. Zimmerman (M), District Department of Transportation, Washington, DC

Nadereh Moini (M), New Jersey Sports and Exposition Authority, Lyndhurst, NJ

(Letters in parentheses indicate ITE member grade: M—Member, F—Fellow)

xi

1

Introduction

Purpose The purpose of Parking Generation Manual is to present data and information that will enable an analyst to forecast parking demand by time of day on a specific day of the week, at a specific land use. This manual represents the 5th full edition and incorporates data from the previous four editions. Data contained in Parking Generation Manual are presented for informational purposes. The manual describes the composition of the database, presents parking demand information in data plots and tables, and explains the various statistics that are presented to help the analyst. The manual does not provide parking supply standards or recommendations on the preferred application of the data.

Contents Parking Generation Manual contains text, tables, data plots, and statistics that describe current state-of-the-practice understanding of the relationship between parking demand and the many characteristics associated with an individual development site or land use. The manual presents land use descriptions and data plots for all combinations of available land uses, time periods, independent variables, and settings contained in the ITE database. The manual is available in both hardcopy form and as an electronic file. The manual is supplemented by ITEParkGen, a desktop application that allows electronic access to the entire ITE parking generation dataset. The web app enables an analyst to reproduce the data plots and statistics presented in the manual. The web app also provides numerous filtering capabilities for the analyst to view subsets of the complete database. Subsets can be created according to the geographic location of the study site, the age of the parking demand count, and the development size. The analyst is encouraged to review and become familiar with the six chapters of the manual prior to using its data and statistics.

Cautions The quality and quantity of parking demand data vary significantly by land use code. Parking Generation Manual should be considered only the beginning point of information to be used in estimating parking demand. Local conditions and area type can influence parking demand. The wide array of data in the manual blends many site conditions and may not best reflect a particular local condition. Therefore, a survey of a site in a comparable local condition should always be considered as one potential means to estimate parking demand. While Parking Generation Manual is not the final word on parking demand or an authoritative standard, this report contains the best available data on the subject of parking demand related to land use.

Introduction

1

Organization Parking Generation Manual is organized in six chapters. Chapter 2 identifies significant changes from the 4th edition. Chapter 3 provides a glossary of terms used in the manual. Definitions are presented for the various settings used to classify study site locations, the time periods for which parking demand is reported, and the independent variables for which a relationship to parking demand is plotted. Terms used on the land use description pages and in the data plots are defined within the Parking Generation Manual context. Chapter 4 describes the ITE parking generation database. The data have been voluntarily collected and submitted to ITE by public agencies, developers, consulting firms, student chapters, and associations. The data submitted represent parking demand studies where one or more hours of observations were conducted on a given day. Chapter 5 describes the generic contents of the parking demand data plots and their associated statistics. The chapter also presents guidance on the proper understanding of the data presented in the manual. Chapter 6 presents land use descriptions and data plots for the complete ITE database, the core technical content of Parking Generation Manual. The text for each individual land use code includes a description of the characteristics of study sites assigned to the particular land use code, a time of day distribution for parking demand (if available), the sources for the data, the geographic areas of the study sites, and the years when the data were collected. The manual contains the following appendices that provide supporting information: ●● Appendix A provides a list of all Parking Generation Manual data sources. ●● Appendix B presents information from other sources that are not included in the Parking Generation Manual database but could assist in the understanding of parking demand. ●● Appendix C provides information on how to collect parking demand information and includes resources such as the parking demand data collection form.

Update Procedure ITE has established a procedure for updating the data plots and statistics presented in this manual. ITE invites all interested parties to collect parking demand data at one or more sites and submit the data for its use in an updated publication. This procedure is intended to maintain a continual, uniform method of obtaining and summarizing the current parking generation data for all land uses. ITE does the following: ●● Stores all parking generation data ●● Encourages ITE district and section technical committees, ITE student chapters, governmental agencies, and private consultants to collect additional data ●● Distributes parking generation data forms in hard copy and electronic formats ●● Maintains a database for parking generation analyses and summarization ●● Maintains and modifies when necessary a uniform procedure for collecting data

2

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

●● ●● ●● ●●

Summarizes parking generation data Conducts special parking generation analyses when appropriate Revises parking generation rates, equations, plots and text on the basis of additional data Identifies data collection needs in areas where deficiencies exist or where little information is available

Hard copy Parking Generation data collection forms are available on the ITE website at: https://www. ite.org/technical-resources/topics/trip-and-parking-generation. Data may also be submitted through direct transmittal of electronic files to the ITE Parking Generation email address presented below. Completed forms should be returned to ITE at the following address: Institute of Transportation Engineers 1627 Eye Street, NW, Suite 600 Washington, DC 20006 Telephone: +1 202-785-0060 Fax: +1 202-785-0609 www.ite.org email: [email protected]

Questions and Comments Questions and comments regarding Parking Generation Manual should be addressed to: Institute of Transportation Engineers 1627 Eye Street, NW, Suite 600 Washington, DC 20006 Telephone: 202-785-0060 Fax: 202-785-0609 www.ite.org email: [email protected]

3

2

Changes Since the 4th Edition

The 5th edition of Parking Generation Manual has undergone several significant changes in content as compared to the 4th Edition. Nineteen new land use classifications and data from more than 1,700 study sites have been added. Further, given the significant amount of new data added to the database, the database was refined to ensure relevancy of its contents by removing all data prior to the year 1980. The addition of new data, elimination of older data, and re-examination of existing data resulted in several changes to land use codes, independent variables, and land use descriptions. Specific changes are too numerous to identify in their entirety but the significant changes are described in the following sections.

ITEParkGen Web App Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition includes a web app—ITEParkGen—that allows electronic access to the entire ITE parking generation dataset. The tool allows users to recreate every data plot in the hard copy version of Parking Generation Manual, to create customized data plots, and to expand portions of existing data plots to better examine individual data points. The desktop application provides numerous filtering and analysis capabilities including by geographic location, age of data, and development size.

Land Use Codes Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition contains information for the following 19 new land uses: ●● Utility (170) ●● Specialty Trade Contractor (180) ●● Affordable Housing (223) ●● Batting Cages (433) ●● School District Office (538) ●● Free-Standing Emergency Room (650) ●● Small Office Building (712) ●● Variety Store (814) ●● Automobile Sales (New) (840) ●● Automobile Sales (Used) (841) ●● Recreational Vehicle Sales (842) ●● Wholesale Market (860) ●● Discount Home Furnishing Superstore (869) ●● Marijuana Dispensary (882) ●● Fast Casual Restaurant (930) ●● Quick Lubrication Vehicle Shop (941) ●● Automobile Parts and Service Center (943) ●● Super Convenience Market/Gas Station (960) ●● Winery (970)

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In an effort to continually provide data that accurately reflect the composition of each land use, some data were reassigned to other land uses, corrected from previous editions, or removed from the database. Several land uses were also renumbered to facilitate a more logical grouping of related land uses. The following list summarizes these changes: ●● Light Rail Transit Station with Parking (093) was reclassified as the new land use Park-and-Ride Lot with Bus or Light Rail Service (090) ●● Single-Family Detached Housing (210) was removed because the most recent data points were collected prior to 1980 ●● Low/Mid-Rise Apartment (221), High-Rise Apartment (222), Rental Townhouse (224), and Residential Condominium/Townhouse (230) were removed and the data were reclassified into the following new land uses: Multifamily Housing (Low-Rise) (220), Multifamily Housing (MidRise) (221), Multifamily Housing (High-Rise) (222) ●● City Park (411) was reclassified as the new land use Public Park (411) ●● Water Slide Park (414) was renumbered Water Slide Park (482) ●● Movie Theater with Matinee (444) was reclassified as Movie Theater (444) ●● School for the Blind (525) was removed because the site was misclassified in the 4th Edition ●● Office Building (701) was divided into General Office Building (710), Corporate Headquarters Building (714), Single-Tenant Office Building (715), Office Park (750), and Research and Development Center (760) ●● Convenience Market (Open 24 Hours) (851) was renamed as Convenience Market (851) ●● Convenience Market with Gasoline Pumps (853) was removed; most sites were assigned to Super Convenience Market/Gasoline Station (960) ●● Discount Supermarket (854) was removed because of concerns about data validity ●● Liquor Store (859) was renumbered Liquor Store (899) ●● DVD/Video Rental Store (896) was removed because standalone stores that fit this description are no longer being developed ●● Gasoline/Service Station with Convenience Market (945) was removed because of concerns over data validity ●● Dry Cleaners (960) was removed because data points in the database were not collected during expected peak periods

Definitions of Terms, Independent Variables, and Time Periods Numerous terms, independent variables, and time periods were added to the 5th Edition. See Chapter 3 for definitions of the all terms, independent variables, and time periods used in Parking Generation Manual. For land uses for which parking demand on a Friday is substantially different than on the other weekdays, separate parking demand data plots are now provided for Friday and Weekday (Monday through Thursday). Otherwise, the weekday data plots cover Monday through Friday.

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Land Use Subcategory In the 4th Edition, data plots and statistics were presented for variations of High-Turnover Sit-Down Restaurants (Land Use 932). The 5th Edition also includes land use variations for Affordable Housing (Land Use 223). Land use variations for Fast-Food Restaurant without Drive-Through Window (Land Use 933) that were presented in the 4th Edition have been removed in the 5th Edition.

Setting The parking generation data have been disaggregated by setting or area type for each study site, enabling the development of separate databases for sites in center city core, dense multi-use urban, general urban/suburban, and rural settings. The 5th Edition also presents parking demand data for multifamily housing that is within 1/2-mile of a rail transit station.

Land Uses with One Data Point In previous editions of Parking Generation Manual, land use/independent variable/time period combinations that resulted in only a single data point were described within the text on the land use description pages. The 5th Edition presents all data, even single parking demand counts, in data plots. All plots with five or fewer data points include the statement “Caution—Small Sample Size” to warn users of the limited data set.

Data Plot Statistics The threshold for producing fitted curve equations was changed to comply with Trip Generation Manual criteria and both linear and non-linear equations are presented. All parking demand statistics are now based on weighted average parking demand for the study sites in order to comply with Trip Generation Manual statistics.

Source Numbers The 5th edition source numbers have been changed from those used in the 4th Edition.

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3

Definition of Terms

The definitions presented in this chapter are intended for use in the Parking Generation Manual. The terms are grouped as follows: ●● Setting/Location ●● Time Periods ●● Independent Variables ●● Land Use Subcategories ●● Data Page Terms ●● Land Use Description Page Terms

Setting/Location Center City Core—the downtown area for a major metropolitan region at the focal point of a regional light- or heavy-rail transit system. This area type is typified by multi-storied buildings, a wide range of land uses, an extensive pedestrian sidewalk network, and shared and priced parking both on-street and in structured garages or surface lots. The area typically has more jobs than residents and therefore is typically an employment destination. The area also includes the immediate vicinity of the commercial core. Dense Multi-Use Urban—a fully developed area (or nearly so), with diverse and interacting complementary land uses, good pedestrian connectivity, and convenient and frequent transit. This area type can be a well-developed urban area outside a major metropolitan downtown or a moderate size urban area downtown. The land use mix typically includes office, retail, residential, and often entertainment, hotel, and other commercial uses. The residential uses are typically multifamily or single-family on lots no larger than one-fourth acre. The commercial uses often have little or no setback from the sidewalk. Because the motor vehicle still represents the primary mode of travel to and from the area, there typically is on-street parking and often off-street public parking. The complementary land uses provide the opportunity for short trips within the Dense Multi-Use Urban area, made convenient by walking, biking, or transit. The area is served by significant transit (either rail or bus) that enables a high level of transit usage to and from area development. General Urban/Suburban—an area associated with almost homogeneous vehicle-centered access. Nearly all person trips that enter or exit a development site are by personal passenger or commercial vehicle. The area can be fully developed (or nearly so) at low-medium density with a mix of residential and commercial uses. The commercial land uses are typically concentrated at intersections or spread along commercial corridors, often surrounded by low-density, almost entirely residential development. Most commercial buildings are located behind the parking area or surrounded by parking. The mixing of land uses is only in terms of their proximity, not in terms of function. A retail land use may focus on serving a regional clientele whereas a service land use may target motorists or pass-by vehicle trips for its customers. Even if the land uses are complementary, a lack of pedestrian, bicycling, and transit facilities or services limit non-vehicle travel.

Definition of Terms

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Proximity to Rail Transit—a qualifier term appended to the study site setting categories that is intended to identify whether a study site is within close proximity of rail transit service. For multifamily housing (Land Uses 220, 221, and 222), the threshold walking distance used for defining a study site as being within close proximity of rail transit is ½ mile to the nearest rail transit station. Rural—agricultural or undeveloped except for scattered parcels and at very low densities.

Time Periods December—the period of time during the holiday shopping season between the weekend after Thanksgiving in late November (U.S.) and Christmas in late December. For Movie Theater (Land Use 444) and Multiplex Movie Theater (Land Use 445), the designation of December includes the week between Christmas Day and New Year’s Day. Non-December—anytime during the calendar year except for the period of time during the holiday shopping season between the weekend after Thanksgiving in late November (U.S.) and Christmas in late December. Weekday—for some land uses, a weekday can represent Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, or Friday and is denoted as Weekday (Monday through Friday). For other land uses, a weekday can represent Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, or Thursday and is denoted as Weekday (Monday through Thursday). For the latter land uses, Friday is treated separate from the other weekdays in Parking Generation Manual.

Independent Variables Acre—a unit of measurement equal to 43,560 sq. ft. For the purpose of Parking Generation Manual, this measure is used to quantify the total gross area of a development site (including land dedicated to public agencies). The distinction between total acres and total developed acres is not always clearly defined in the site acreage reported to ITE. Therefore, caution should be used with this variable. When submitting data, the analyst should indicate the percent of developed acreage and the total acreage of the property. Acre of Ski Trails—acreage of ski slopes cleared for skiing. Attendee—a person who is present on a given occasion, during a given event or at a given place. Bed—a designated place to sleep for a group quarters resident or medical facility patient. An occupied bed is a bed for which there is an assigned person. Bedroom—a designated room for sleeping with one or more beds. Berth—a designated place where a boat can anchor at a marina or wharf. Boarding—a passenger whose bus or light rail transit trip originates at the station under study on a given day. Bowling Lane—a single lane available for the purposes of bowling.

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Cage—a designated location available for the purpose of a single person hitting baseballs or softballs within a contained area. Daily Enplanement—a passenger whose commercial airline flight originates at the airport under study on a given day. Daily Lift Ticket—a ticket or pass sold to a person to enable their use of a ski lift on a specific day. This value does not include season passes. Dwelling Unit—a residential location such as a house, apartment, condominium, townhouse, mobile home, or manufactured home in which people may live. An occupied dwelling unit is a dwelling unit in which people currently live. Employee—a full-time, part-time, or per diem/contract worker. The number of employees refers to the total number of persons employed at a facility, not just those in attendance at the particular hour or day the data are collected. Field—any area constructed, equipped, and/or marked for outdoor activities and sports. Gross Floor Area (GFA)—the sum of the area of each floor level of a building (expressed in square feet), including cellars, basements, mezzanines, penthouses, corridors, lobbies, stores, and offices, that are within the principal outside faces of exterior walls, not including architectural setbacks or projections. Included are all areas that have floor surfaces with clear standing head room (6 ft. 6 in. minimum) regardless of their use. With the exception of buildings containing enclosed malls or atriums, GFA is equal to gross leasable area and gross rentable area. Occupied gross floor area refers to GFA within the facility which is currently being utilized. If a ground-level area, or part thereof, within the principal outside faces of the exterior walls is not enclosed, this floor area is considered part of the overall GFA of the building. However, unroofed areas and unenclosed roofedover spaces, except those contained within the principal outside faces of exterior walls, should be excluded from the area calculations. For the purpose of parking generation calculation, the floor area of all parking garages within the building should not be included in the GFA of the entire building. The majority of land uses in Parking Generation Manual use GFA as an independent variable. Gross Leasable Area (GLA)—the total floor area designed for tenant occupancy and exclusive use, including any basements, mezzanines, or upper floors, expressed in square feet and measured from the centerline of joint partitions and from outside wall faces. For the purpose of parking generation calculation, the floor area of all parking garages within the building should not be included within the GLA of the entire building. GLA is the area for which tenants pay rent; it is the area that produces income for the property owner. Occupied gross leasable area refers to GLA within the facility which is currently in use. Leased space that is not in productive use is not considered occupied. In the retail business, GLA lends itself readily to measurement and comparison and it has been adopted by the shopping center industry as its standard for statistical comparison. Accordingly, GLA is used in Parking Generation Manual for shopping centers. For a specialty retail center, strip center, discount store, and free-standing retail facility, GLA usually equals GFA. Hole—a single combination of a tee, fairway, and green on a golf course. Member—an individual who belongs to a group or organization.

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Movie Screen—a room within a movie theater that contains seats and the presentation of a movie. Occupied Bed (see Bed) Occupied Dwelling Unit (see Dwelling Unit) Occupied Gross Floor Area (see Gross Floor Area) Occupied Room (see Room) Operating Room—a room that is equipped and staffed for a surgical procedure. Parking Space—an individual stall within a parking lot or garage designated for the use of a parked private motor vehicle. An occupied space is a parking space in which a vehicle is parked. Rink—an enclosed area for skating. Room—the partitioned part of the inside of a building used for lodging such as a hotel or motel. An occupied room is a room that is rented by a lodging guest. School Population—the total number of full-time equivalent students plus employees (staff and faculty) at a college or university. Seat—a place on which an individual can sit. It may be a chair or stool. Multiple seats may be present. A bench or pew could provide multiple seats. The number includes outdoor seating if it is being provided at the time of the survey. Storage Unit—a vault rented for the storage of goods in what is typically referred to as a self-storage facility. An occupied storage unit is one that is rented. Student—a person enrolled in an institution such as a school, college, or day care center on either a full-time or part-time basis. The number of students refers to the total number of persons enrolled at a facility, not just those present at the time the study is conducted. Table—a bounded table with a flat surface on which cue sports are played. Tennis Court—an indoor or outdoor facility specifically designed for an individual tennis match.

Land Use Subcategories Family—used for High-Turnover Sit-Down Restaurant (Land Use 932) to denote a site without a bar or lounge facility. Income Limits—used for Affordable Housing (Land Use 223) to denote a site with household income limitations for its tenants. If the site also has a minimum age threshold, the site falls in the Senior subcategory. If there is no minimum age threshold and the site consists entirely of singleroom-only units, the site falls in the Single Room Only subcategory. Lounge/Bar—used for High-Turnover Sit-Down Restaurant (Land Use 932) to denote a site that includes a bar or lounge facility.

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Senior—used for Affordable Housing (Land Use 223) to denote a site with a minimum age threshold for its tenants (i.e., senior housing). Single Room Only—used for Affordable Housing (Land Use 223) to denote a site with only single-roomonly units. If the site also has a minimum age threshold, the site falls in the Senior subcategory.

Data Page Terms 33rd Percentile—the point at which 33 percent of the values fall at or below and 67 percent of the values are above. If the number of study sites for a combination of independent variable, time period, and setting for an individual land use is comprised of relatively few data points, the percentile value can represent an interpolation between actual values. This number is not intended to recommend a policy about the level of parking that should be supplied. It is provided solely as qualitative reference for the analyst. 85th Percentile—the point at which 85 percent of the values fall at or below and 15 percent of the values are above. If the number of study sites for a combination of independent variable, time period, and setting for an individual land use is comprised of relatively few data points, the percentile value can represent an interpolation between actual values. This number is not intended to recommend a policy about the level of parking that should be supplied. It is provided solely as qualitative reference for the analyst. 95 Percent Confidence Interval—a measure of confidence in the statistical data to the average. It indicates the range within which there is 95 percent likelihood the average will fall. This range is shown when data for 20 or more study sites are available. It is computed as two standard errors plus or minus the average. Average Number of [Independent Variable]—the average value of the independent variable for data presented on the specific data page. Average Peak Period Parking Demand—the observed peak period parking demand (vehicles parked) divided by the quantity of the independent variable (such as building area, employees) expressed as a rate. For examples, the rate is commonly expressed as vehicles per 1,000 sq. ft. GFA, vehicles per employee, or vehicles per dwelling unit. Average Rate (or Weighted Average Rate)—the weighted average number of parked vehicles at a development site per one unit of the independent variable. It is calculated by dividing the sum of all parked vehicles for all contributing data point sites by the sum of all independent variable units for all contributing data point sites. The weighted average rate is used rather than the average of the individual rates because of the variance within each data set or generating unit. Data sets with a large variance will over-influence the average rate if they are not weighted. The data plot includes a dashed line corresponding to the weighted average rate, extending between the lowest and highest independent variable values for data points. Coefficient of Determination (R2)—the percent of the variance in the number of parked vehicles associated with the variance in the independent variable value. This value is presented for every fitted curve equation. If the R2 value is 0.75, then 75 percent of the variance in the number of parked

Definition of Terms

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vehicles is accounted for by the variance in the size of the independent variable. As the R2 value approaches 1.0 the better the fit; as the R2 value approaches zero, the worse the fit. Coefficient of Variation—an indicator of the precision of the results of a data set. It is computed by dividing the standard deviation by the mean (average) and expressed as a percentage. The smaller the coefficient of variation is (i.e., closer to 0 percent), the lower the variation in the data points in the data set. Fitted Curve and Fitted Curve Equation—the single-variable regression analysis of the independent and dependent variable expressed in an optimal mathematical relationship. The fitted curve and equation are presented if the coefficient of determination (R2) for the curve is at least 0.50. If the variables are related linearly, the equation has the following format: T = aX + b. In a logarithmic relationship, the equation has the following format: Ln(T) = a Ln(X) + b. The data plot includes a solid line corresponding to the equation, extending between the lowest and highest independent variable values for data points. Independent Variable, X—a physical, measurable, and predictable characteristic that describes the study site or baseline site (for example, gross floor area) and that has a direct relationship to the variation in the number of parked vehicles generated by a land use. The term “explanatory variable” is also used. Number of Studies—the total number of studies reported for the specific data set. Parked Vehicles, P—the total number of parked vehicles, the dependent variable in the data plot; shown on the y-axis. Peak Period of Parking Demand—the hour (or hours) of the day during which the highest parking demand rate occurs. If a single hour is shown, the available parking demand data suggest that it is the hour during which peak parking demand typically occurs. If a several-hour period is shown, there are two possibilities: ●● There are insufficient data available to determine a definitive peak hour, or ●● Data suggest that the peak hour for an individual site could fall within any of the peak period hours and that all peak period hours have parking demand ratios typically within 15 percent of the peak parking demand calculation. Analysts should attempt to obtain parking demand data throughout (and possibly beyond) the identified peak period of parking demand for each parking study conducted. Range of Rates—the minimum and maximum parking generation rates from all the studies reported. Standard Deviation—a measure of data dispersion relative to the calculated average. The lower the standard deviation, the less data dispersion there is in the data and the better the data fit to the average rate. In Parking Generation Manual, the reported standard deviation is based on the weighted average, not the mean. Study Site—a data point plotted on the graph based on a study performed for the specific land use code.

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Land Use Description Page Terms Parking Supply (or Parking Spaces)—the total number of parking spaces that are provided or available at the study site, regardless of whether or not they are occupied. Parking supply should include only marked spaces and should not include areas designated for standing vehicles. Parking supply is different from parking demand. Parking Supply Ratio—expressed in terms of spaces per an independent variable (i.e., spaces per 1,000 sq. ft. GFA or spaces per dwelling unit). The ratio denominator is based on total units, rather than occupied units. Time-of-Day Distribution [of Parking Demand]—the variation of the parking demand rates for various hours of the day divided by the peak period parking demand rate. The time-of-day distribution is expressed as a percentage (100 percent represents the hour(s) of peak parking demand). This information is generally only provided for the study sites with at least five consecutive hours of parking demand data. Total Parking Demand—the accumulation of vehicles parked at a given site at any associated point in time. This value should be the highest observed number of vehicles within the period of observation. Total parking demand includes all parking associated with that land use whether in an off-street parking facility, parked illegally, parked on-street, or in a remote parking lot. Total parking demand does not include standing vehicles, awaiting the pick-up or drop-off of a passenger, or in a drive-through lane.

Definition of Terms

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4

Database Description

Data Sources The parking generation data analyzed in this manual were contributed on a voluntary basis by various state and local government agencies; consulting firms; individual transportation professionals; universities and colleges; developers; associations; and local sections, districts and student chapters of ITE. In many cases, the data were originally contained in published reports or unpublished analyses conducted by such groups. The sources of these reports or analyses are listed in Appendix A. The source numbers for studies contained in each land use are listed on the land use description pages. ITE Headquarters conducted no original field surveys. The amount of data submitted for an individual site varied from as little as a single parking demand count to counts recorded every 15 minutes over a 24-hour period. All data have been combined to maximize the size of the database for each land use and each time period. Data received by ITE were initially examined for validity and reasonableness before being entered into the comprehensive database. The review included screening of all data submissions to ensure that adequate information was provided (parking demand observations, time and date of observations, and independent variables). Issues associated with the data submitted were resolved with the data provider before inclusion in the database. Incomplete or inappropriate data points were rejected.

Data Age The database used to create the data plots consists of parking demand counts taken since the year 1980. As future editions are produced, the age of data will be evaluated and additional data considered for removal.

Filtered Data Subsets With the inclusion of the new web app—ITEParkGen—the analyst has the ability to create customized data plots based on the age of data, site geography, setting, and a range of values for the independent variable. Electronic data sorts provide a filtered subset of the entire dataset for individual review and analysis. This new ability to filter the data may provide useful insights into the data. However, the analyst should exercise caution when interpreting a filtered data subset. The data subset does not necessarily constitute a balance of potential land use characteristics across the database. As the database is filtered and the database size diminishes, the less likely the possibility that a reasonable cross-section is achieved.

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Settings There is increasing potential for walk trips as development densities increase in the proximity of a development site and as activity at nearby development complements a particular site. The pedestrian environment (e.g., sidewalk continuity, slow vehicle speeds, accessibility, protected street crossings) and bicyclist environment (e.g., bicycle lanes) enable and encourage walk and bike trips that otherwise would be made by vehicle or not at all. The availability and cost of parking (both onsite and off-site) and the frequency and type of transit service and its proximity can also affect the choice of travel mode (and, as a result, the parking demand generated by the site). To address these effects, each individual study site in the parking generation database has been classified as one of the following four classifications: center city core, dense multi-use urban, general urban/suburban, and rural. Each site has been further classified in terms of its proximity to rail transit. For the majority of land use codes, the small number of study sites located close to a rail transit station did not enable a clear or definitive difference in parking demand statistics or data plots for close-to-rail and not-close-to-rail sites. For multifamily housing, the effect of proximity to rail transit on parking demand is clear and is presented in data plots. The Center City Core is the downtown area for a major metropolitan region that is the focal point of a regional light- or heavy-rail transit system. This area type is typified by multi-storied buildings, a wide range of land uses, an extensive pedestrian sidewalk network, and shared and priced parking both on-street and in structured garages or surface lots. The area typically has more jobs than residents and therefore is an employment destination. The area includes the immediate vicinity of the commercial core. An area designated as Dense Multi-Use Urban in the Parking Generation Manual is a fully developed area (or nearly so), with diverse and complementary land uses, good pedestrian connectivity, and convenient and frequent transit. This area type can be a well-developed urban area outside a major metropolitan downtown or a moderate size urban area downtown. The land use mix typically includes office, retail, residential, and often entertainment, hotel, and other commercial uses. The residential uses are typically multifamily or single-family on lots no larger than one-fourth acre. The commercial uses often have little or no setback from the sidewalk. Because the motor vehicle still represents the primary mode of travel to and from the area, there typically is onstreet parking and often public off-street parking. The complementary land uses provide the opportunity for short trips within the Dense Multi-Use Urban area, made conveniently by walking, biking, or transit. The area is served by significant transit (either rail or bus) that enables a high level of transit usage to and from area development. An area designated as General Urban/Suburban in the Parking Generation Manual is an area associated with almost homogeneous vehicle-centered access. Nearly all person trips that enter or exit a development site are by personal passenger or commercial vehicle. The area can be fully developed (or nearly so) at low-medium density with a mix of residential and commercial uses. The commercial land uses are typically concentrated at intersections or spread along commercial corridors, often surrounded by low-density, almost entirely residential development. Most commercial buildings are located behind or surrounded by parking.

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The mixing of land uses is only in terms of their proximity, not in terms of function. A retail land use may focus on serving a regional clientele or a services land use may target motorists or passby vehicle trips for its customers. Even if the land uses are complementary, a lack of pedestrian, bicycling, and transit facilities or services limit non-vehicle travel. An area designated as Rural in the Parking Generation Manual is an area that is agricultural or undeveloped except for scattered parcels and at very low densities.

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5

Parking Demand Data Summaries

Land Use Description Pages Parking Generation Manual presents information for 121 land uses for which parking demand data have been compiled by ITE. For each land use code, a standard reporting format is used as described below. The actual data summaries are presented in Chapter 6. The standard reporting format starts with one or more pages of text and tables that describe the characteristics of the development sites in the given land use code. Following the text are one or more pages that contain data plots and associated statistics for the study sites in the land use code database. For every land use, parking demand statistics and data plots are presented for at least one independent variable and for at least one time period (weekday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday). Data pages are organized first by setting, then by independent variable, and then by time period.

Text and Tables Under the heading Land Use Description, a summary description is provided for the sites where the data were collected. The description is consistent with the description provided in Trip Generation Manual, 10th Edition. The section under the heading Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand, if sufficient data are available, presents the variation in parking demand by hour of the day. For example, if the highest parking demand ratio occurs at 6:00 p.m., it is noted as 100 percent and the other hours are shown with a value less than 100 percent. The number of data points that comprise this calculation for each hour period is provided for reference. The section under the heading Additional Data presents several potential pieces of information as follows: ●● Parking supply ratios for study sites in the database ●● The decades during which parking generation data were collected ●● The states and provinces for the study sites that comprise the land use code data points The section under the heading Source Number(s) lists the source numbers for the data points that comprise the database for the land use. Appendix A provides a complete source name for each source number.

Parking Demand Data Plots The data plot page provides the analyst with the following three options for estimating parking demand at a proposed development site: ●● A plot of the number of parked vehicles versus size of the independent variable for each study site, which can be used to graphically obtain an estimate of parking demand ●● The weighted average rate for peak parking demand (number of weighted parked vehicles per unit of the independent variable) ●● A fitted curve regression equation, relating parked vehicles to the magnitude of the independent variable Parking Demand Data Summaries

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Each data plot page corresponds to a single, unique combination of the following parameters: ●● Independent variable ●● Time period: weekday (Monday–Friday), weekday (Monday–Thursday), Friday, Saturday, Sunday) ●● Setting For some land uses, data plots are provided for subsets of the land use study sites. The land use subcategory name is posted adjacent to the land use name at the top of the data plot page. The bottom portion of the page is a plot of observed parking demand for the particular independent variable, time period, and setting. The x-axis is scaled with the independent variable. The y-axis represents the number of parked vehicles. Each point on a data plot represents the observed number of parked vehicles (its y-value) plotted against the size of the independent variable (its x-value). The plot includes a dashed line that corresponds to the peak parking demand parking rate. The line assumes a linear relationship passing through the origin with a slope equal to the rate. The dashed line extends only between the limits of the independent variable values because parking demand relationships should be considered appropriate only within the data ranges. For a data set with at least four study sites, statistical analysis was undertaken to determine the best fit linear or logarithmic equation to fit the data. Unlike the weighted average rate, the plotted equation does not necessarily pass through the origin, nor does the relationship have to be linear. The fitted curve line is presented if the coefficient of determination (R2) is greater than or equal to 0.50. The fitted curve equation is displayed at the bottom of the data plot, along with the R2 value. As the R2 value approaches 1.0, the better the fit of the regression equation to the data set. If a fitted curve that meets the R2 threshold cannot be found, “ *** ” is displayed. The limits of the regression line are the high and low values for the independent variable because parking demand relationships should be considered appropriate only within the data ranges. Use of the regression equation or the average parking demand rate outside the range of data could produce irrelevant and illogical results. The regression curve may have a large y-intercept. The equation may produce an illogical parking demand estimate for an independent variable value that is significantly less than the average-sized value.

Parking Demand Statistics The top portion of the page presents quantitative measures for the study sites included in the database and of the parking demand measured at these sites. The measures include the peak period of parking demand, the number of study sites, and the average value of the independent variable in the data plot.

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Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

The parking demand statistics include the following: ●● Average peak parking demand rate ●● Range of rates ●● 33rd percentile and 85th percentile ●● 95 percent confidence interval ●● Standard deviation and coefficient of variation If a measure is not calculated because of the small size of the database, “ *** ” is displayed.

Cautions For some land uses, the small data sets may provide only an initial indication of parking demand. Even if the data plot shows a good correlation between an independent variable and parking demand, it should be viewed as speculative in terms of parking demand estimation due to the limited number of data points from which the relationship was derived. Each data plot with five or fewer data points displays the statement “Caution–Small Sample Size” above the plot area. Even if the data plot is based on only a single data point, the data are provided as a reference point. ITE hopes this new edition of Parking Generation Manual will stimulate new data collection and submission, further filling the gaps in the current database. One potential product of small datasets is illogical parking demand ratios within a single land use code. In general, the ITE data demonstrates lower parking demand rates for sites in a dense multiuse urban area than in a general urban/suburban area when other factors are constant (e.g., day of the week). Likewise, the ITE parking demand rates are typically lower for development sites located close to a rail station than for those that are not. A data plot that demonstrates an opposite, illogical relationship is likely because of a small data set size. As is described in Chapter 1, an analyst can use the ITEParkGen web app to filter the data used to produce a data plot to only include data from study sites located within a specified geography, counted within a specified range of years, and limited to a specified range of independent variable values. For a data plot generated using a filtered dataset, the statement “Caution-Incomplete Data Set” is presented above the plot area.

Parking Demand Data Summaries

23

Land Use Descriptions 6 and Data Plots

25

Land Use: 021 Commercial Airport Description A commercial airport accommodates commercial passenger service and is characterized by long runways for serving large jets and extensive terminal facilities. Some commercial airports have shorter runways and serve exclusively intrastate and commuter airlines. The commercial airports surveyed also accommodate general aviation activities.

Additional Data The sites were surveyed in the 1980s and the 2000s in British Columbia (CAN), California, Florida, Nova Scotia (CAN), Ontario (CAN), and Quebec (CAN).

Source Numbers 1, 16, 225, 314

26

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Commercial Airport (021) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Daily Enplanements On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: Not Available Number of Studies: 12 Avg. Num. of Daily Enplanements: 3696

Peak Period Parking Demand per Daily Enplanement Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.29

0.24 - 0.78

0.30 / 0.67

***

0.08 ( 28% )

Data Plot and Equation 10000

P = Parked Vehicles

8000

6000

4000

2000

0

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

X = Number of Daily Enplanements

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.27(X) + 82.80

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 1.00

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

27

Commercial Airport (021) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Daily Enplanements On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: Not Available Number of Studies: 7 Avg. Num. of Daily Enplanements: 277

Peak Period Parking Demand per Daily Enplanement Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.60

0.35 - 1.93

0.51 / 1.84

***

0.37 ( 62% )

Data Plot and Equation 400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

200

400

600

X = Number of Daily Enplanements

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.47 Ln(X) + 2.55

28

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.79

Commercial Airport (021) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Daily Enplanements On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: Not Available Number of Studies: 7 Avg. Num. of Daily Enplanements: 353

Peak Period Parking Demand per Daily Enplanement Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.44

0.20 - 0.92

0.35 / 0.92

***

0.31 ( 70% )

Data Plot and Equation 400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

200

400

600

800

X = Number of Daily Enplanements

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

29

Land Use: 090 Park-and-Ride Lot with Bus or Light Rail Service Description A park-and-ride lot with bus or light rail service is an area used for the transfer of people between private vehicles and buses or light rail. It usually contains a bus passenger or light rail shelter, a parking lot and circulation facilities for buses, as well as for private motor vehicles. In addition to park-and-ride, a significant number of passengers may be dropped off.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at eight general urban/suburban study sites.

30

Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

–

7:00 a.m.

50

8:00 a.m.

88

9:00 a.m.

96

10:00 a.m.

98

11:00 a.m.

100

12:00 p.m.

100

1:00 p.m.

99

2:00 p.m.

98

3:00 p.m.

94

4:00 p.m.

83

5:00 p.m.

50

6:00 p.m.

22

7:00 p.m.

18

8:00 p.m.

13

9:00 p.m.

–

10:00 p.m.

–

11:00 p.m.

–

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Additional Data The number of daily boardings used in the calculation of peak parking demand rates was estimated from weekly, monthly, or annual totals. The use of accurate, date-specific transit boarding data may produce better correlation between parking demand and daily boardings. In future surveys, it would be desirable to obtain station mode-of-access characteristics. For example, a station that serves passengers who arrive on a wide range of modes such as bus, bicycle, and walking is expected to generate a different level of parking demand than a station at which the dominant mode of access is the personal passenger vehicle. The sites were surveyed in the 1990s, the 2000s, and the 2010s in Alberta (CAN), California, Illinois, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and Utah.

Source Numbers 146, 267, 269, 271, 273, 516, 541

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

31

Park-and-Ride Lot with Bus or Light Rail Transit (090) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Boardings (1,000) On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 35 Avg. Num. of Boardings (1,000): 1.9

Peak Period Parking Demand per Boarding (1,000) Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

85.35

20.11 - 488.64

58.70 / 189.74

63.05 - 107.65

67.31 ( 79% )

Data Plot and Equation 800

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

2

4

6

8

10

X = Number of Boardings (1,000)

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.79 Ln(X) + 4.50

32

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.69

Park-and-Ride Lot with Bus or Light Rail Transit (090) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Parking Spaces On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 39 Avg. Num. of Parking Spaces: 343

Peak Period Parking Demand per Parking Space Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.63

0.05 - 1.00

0.38 / 0.94

0.54 - 0.72

0.28 ( 44% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

2000

1000

0

0

1000

2000

X = Number of Parking Spaces

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.83(X) - 67.69

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.83

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

33

Park-and-Ride Lot with Bus or Light Rail Transit (090) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Parking Spaces On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 9:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Parking Spaces: 151

Peak Period Parking Demand per Parking Space Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.06

0.06 - 0.06

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

10

P = Parked Vehicles

8

6

4

2

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Parking Spaces

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

34

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Park-and-Ride Lot with Bus or Light Rail Transit (090) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Boardings (1,000) On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. Num. of Boardings (1,000): 2.0

Peak Period Parking Demand per Boarding (1,000) Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

43.40

19.89 - 61.54

29.57 / 61.54

***

19.97 ( 46% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

1

2

3

X = Number of Boardings (1,000)

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

35

Park-and-Ride Lot with Bus or Light Rail Transit (090) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Parking Spaces On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. Num. of Parking Spaces: 111

Peak Period Parking Demand per Parking Space Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.78

0.66 - 0.88

0.72 / 0.88

***

0.12 ( 15% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Parking Spaces

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

36

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use: 110 General Light Industrial Description A light industrial facility is a free-standing facility devoted to a single use. The facility has an emphasis on activities other than manufacturing and typically has minimal office space. Typical light industrial activities include printing, material testing, and assembly of data processing equipment. Industrial park (Land Use 130) and manufacturing (Land Use 140) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at 29 general urban/suburban study sites. Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

0

5:00 a.m.

2

6:00 a.m.

15

7:00 a.m.

41

8:00 a.m.

83

9:00 a.m.

100

10:00 a.m.

99

11:00 a.m.

98

12:00 p.m.

94

1:00 p.m.

90

2:00 p.m.

94

3:00 p.m.

88

4:00 p.m.

68

5:00 p.m.

49

6:00 p.m.

9

7:00 p.m.

3

8:00 p.m.

3

9:00 p.m.

3

10:00 p.m.

0

11:00 p.m.

0

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

37

Additional Data The number of employees for this land use was the total number of employees working on all shifts. Facilities with employees that work on shifts may peak at different hours. It is unclear from the data collected for this land use whether the parking demand counts occurred during, prior to, or after shift changes at the study sites. The average parking supply ratio for the nine study sites with parking supply information is 1.2 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, and the 2010s in California, Illinois, Oklahoma, Texas, and Washington.

Source Numbers 149, 151, 201, 235, 261, 560, 561

38

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

General Light Industrial (110) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 40 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 56

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.65

0.11 - 7.89

0.58 / 1.94

0.52 - 0.78

0.41 ( 63% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

200

400

600

800

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.60(X) + 2.77

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.85

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

39

General Light Industrial (110) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 38 Avg. Num. of Employees: 68

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.55

0.23 - 3.00

0.68 / 1.39

0.48 - 0.62

0.23 ( 42% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

1000

2000

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.44(X) + 7.57

40

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.99

Land Use: 130 Industrial Park Description An industrial park contains several individual industrial or related facilities. It is characterized by a mix of manufacturing, service, and warehouse facilities with a wide variation in the proportion of each type of use from one location to another. Many industrial parks contain highly-diversified facilities. Some parks in the database have a large number of small businesses and others have one or two dominant industries. General light industrial (Land Use 110) and manufacturing (Land Use 140) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at two general urban/suburban study sites. Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

–

7:00 a.m.

59

8:00 a.m.

89

9:00 a.m.

99

10:00 a.m.

99

11:00 a.m.

99

12:00 p.m.

95

1:00 p.m.

98

2:00 p.m.

100

3:00 p.m.

94

4:00 p.m.

66

5:00 p.m.

47

6:00 p.m.

–

7:00 p.m.

–

8:00 p.m.

–

9:00 p.m.

–

10:00 p.m.

–

11:00 p.m.

–

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

41

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for study sites with parking supply information is 1.6 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA (11 sites) and 1.2 spaces per employee (eight sites). The sites were surveyed in the 1980s and the 1990s in Arizona, California, Oregon, and Washington.

Source Numbers 36, 122, 275, 401, 435

42

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Industrial Park (130) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 11 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 193

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.20

0.55 - 2.44

0.86 / 2.09

***

0.61 ( 51% )

Data Plot and Equation 800

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

200

400

600

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.84 Ln(X) + 0.93

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.66

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

43

Industrial Park (130) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 8 Avg. Num. of Employees: 248

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.86

0.60 - 1.36

0.80 / 1.23

***

0.31 ( 36% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

200

400

600

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.91 Ln(X) + 0.31

44

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.90

Land Use: 140 Manufacturing Description A manufacturing facility is an area where the primary activity is the conversion of raw materials or parts into finished products. Size and type of activity may vary substantially from one facility to another. In addition to the actual production of goods, manufacturing facilities generally also have office, warehouse, research, and associated functions. General light industrial (Land Use 110) and industrial park (Land Use 130) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at 16 general urban/suburban study sites. Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

5

5:00 a.m.

5

6:00 a.m.

15

7:00 a.m.

55

8:00 a.m.

76

9:00 a.m.

82

10:00 a.m.

84

11:00 a.m.

85

12:00 p.m.

90

1:00 p.m.

99

2:00 p.m.

100

3:00 p.m.

95

4:00 p.m.

58

5:00 p.m.

36

6:00 p.m.

15

7:00 p.m.

12

8:00 p.m.

11

9:00 p.m.

9

10:00 p.m.

9

11:00 p.m.

8

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

45

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the three study sites with parking supply information is 1.4 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA and 1.4 spaces per employee. The sites were surveyed in the 1990s and the 2010s in Texas and Washington.

Source Numbers 122, 561

46

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Manufacturing (140) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 20 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 99

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.92

0.17 - 13.75

0.44 / 3.36

0.53 - 1.31

0.89 ( 97% )

Data Plot and Equation 400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

400

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

47

Manufacturing (140) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 20 Avg. Num. of Employees: 113

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.81

0.28 - 1.27

0.68 / 1.21

0.71 - 0.91

0.23 ( 28% )

Data Plot and Equation 400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

400

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.81(X) + 0.12

48

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.92

500

Land Use: 150 Warehousing Description A warehouse is primarily devoted to the storage of materials, but it may also include office and maintenance areas.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at 11 general urban/suburban study sites. Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m. 5:00 a.m. 6:00 a.m. 7:00 a.m. 8:00 a.m. 9:00 a.m. 10:00 a.m. 11:00 a.m. 12:00 p.m. 1:00 p.m. 2:00 p.m. 3:00 p.m. 4:00 p.m. 5:00 p.m. 6:00 p.m. 7:00 p.m. 8:00 p.m. 9:00 p.m. 10:00 p.m. 11:00 p.m.

1 3 8 27 57 79 83 87 91 91 97 100 91 74 47 26 20 17 1 1

Additional Data For eight of the study sites, data were also collected for trucks parked at the site. The average truck parking demand ratio was 0.11 trucks per 1,000 sq. ft. GFA with a range between 0.04 and 0.25 trucks per 1,000 sq. ft. GFA. The average parking supply ratio for the study sites with parking supply information is 0.6 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA (15 sites) and 1.1 spaces per employee (12 sites).

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

49

The sites were surveyed in the 1990s, the 2000s, and the 2010s in Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Texas, and Washington.

Source Numbers 22, 122, 275, 433, 528, 556, 558, 561, 562

50

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Warehousing (150) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 31 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 212

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.39

0.03 - 1.96

0.34 / 1.11

0.31 - 0.47

0.22 ( 56% )

Data Plot and Equation 800

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

1000

2000

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.40(X) - 2.30

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.88

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

51

Warehousing (150) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 22 Avg. Num. of Employees: 125

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.78

0.28 - 2.00

0.62 / 1.13

0.67 - 0.89

0.27 ( 35% )

Data Plot and Equation 800

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

200

400

600

800

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.93 Ln(X) - 0.03

52

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.90

Land Use: 151 Mini-Warehouse Description A mini-warehouse is a building in which a number of storage units or vaults are rented for the storage of goods. They are typically referred to as “self-storage” facilities. Each unit is physically separated from other units, and access is usually provided through an overhead door or other common access point.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday (nine study sites) and a Saturday (one study site) in a general urban/suburban setting. Percent of Peak Parking Demand Hour Beginning

Weekday

Saturday

12:00–4:00 a.m.

0

–

5:00 a.m.

0

–

6:00 a.m.

0

–

7:00 a.m.

0

–

8:00 a.m.

14

–

9:00 a.m.

71

–

10:00 a.m.

50

–

11:00 a.m.

79

–

12:00 p.m.

57

–

1:00 p.m.

64

91

2:00 p.m.

64

27

3:00 p.m.

79

55

4:00 p.m.

71

100

5:00 p.m.

100

91

6:00 p.m.

14

27

7:00 p.m.

0

0

8:00 p.m.

0

–

9:00 p.m.

0

–

10:00 p.m.

0

–

11:00 p.m.

0

–

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

53

Additional Data The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, the 2000s, and the 2010s in British Columbia (CAN), California, Massachusetts, Minnesota, and Texas.

Source Numbers 37, 314, 415, 556, 562

54

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Mini-Warehouse (151) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Storage Units (100) On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 4:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 10 Avg. Num. of Storage Units (100): 4.4

Peak Period Parking Demand per Storage Unit (100) Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.36

1.05 - 2.38

1.18 / 2.35

***

0.43 ( 32% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = Number of Storage Units (100)

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.85 Ln(X) + 0.59

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.93

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

55

Mini-Warehouse (151) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Storage Units (100) On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Storage Units (100): 10

Peak Period Parking Demand per Storage Unit (100) Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.94

0.77 - 1.33

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = Number of Storage Units (100)

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

56

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Mini-Warehouse (151) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 4:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 14 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 60

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.10

0.03 - 0.53

0.08 / 0.25

***

0.07 ( 70% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

100

200

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.07(X) + 2.32

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.56

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

57

Mini-Warehouse (151) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 109

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.09

0.06 - 0.14

0.08 / 0.14

***

0.04 ( 44% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

100

200

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

58

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Mini-Warehouse (151) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 4:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 6 Avg. Num. of Employees: 2.3

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.57

0.67 - 2.00

1.54 / 2.00

***

0.59 ( 38% )

Data Plot and Equation 5

P = Parked Vehicles

4

3

2

1

0

0

1

2

3

4

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

59

Mini-Warehouse (151) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Employees: 3.0

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.67

2.67 - 2.67

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

10

P = Parked Vehicles

8

6

4

2

0

0

1

2

3

4

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

60

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use: 170 Utility Description A utility is a free-standing building that can house office space, a storage area, and electromechanical or industrial equipment that support a local electrical, communication, water supply or control, or sewage treatment utility.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at 14 general urban/suburban study sites. Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

5

5:00 a.m.

5

6:00 a.m.

15

7:00 a.m.

55

8:00 a.m.

76

9:00 a.m.

82

10:00 a.m.

84

11:00 a.m.

85

12:00 p.m.

90

1:00 p.m.

99

2:00 p.m.

100

3:00 p.m.

95

4:00 p.m.

58

5:00 p.m.

36

6:00 p.m.

15

7:00 p.m.

12

8:00 p.m.

11

9:00 p.m.

9

10:00 p.m.

9

11:00 p.m.

8

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

61

Additional Data The sites were surveyed in the 2010s in Texas.

Source Number 562

62

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Utility (170) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 13 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 13

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.90

0.22 - 11.36

1.15 / 3.20

***

1.23 ( 65% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

10

20

30

40

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 2.39(X) - 6.46

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.70

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

63

Utility (170) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 14 Avg. Num. of Employees: 41

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.72

0.18 - 3.00

0.65 / 2.75

***

0.32 ( 44% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.70 Ln(X) + 0.70

64

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.84

Land Use: 180 Specialty Trade Contractor Description A specialty trade contractor is a business primarily involved in providing contract repairs and services to meet industrial or residential needs. This land use includes businesses that provide the following services: plumbing, heating and cooling, machine repair, electrical and mechanical repair, industrial supply, roofing, locksmith, weed and pest control, and cleaning.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at 18 general urban/suburban study sites. Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

0

5:00 a.m.

0

6:00 a.m.

5

7:00 a.m.

39

8:00 a.m.

83

9:00 a.m.

97

10:00 a.m.

99

11:00 a.m.

100

12:00 p.m.

91

1:00 p.m.

94

2:00 p.m.

90

3:00 p.m.

92

4:00 p.m.

88

5:00 p.m.

64

6:00 p.m.

1

7:00 p.m.

0

8:00 p.m.

0

9:00 p.m.

0

10:00 p.m.

0

11:00 p.m.

0

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

65

Additional Data The sites were surveyed in the 2010s in Texas.

Source Numbers 570, 571

66

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Specialty Trade Contractor (180) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 18 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 5.8

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.76

0.68 - 6.25

0.96 / 4.06

***

1.29 ( 73% )

Data Plot and Equation 40

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

67

Specialty Trade Contractor (180) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 17 Avg. Num. of Employees: 15

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.71

0.44 - 2.50

0.74 / 1.68

***

0.38 ( 54% )

Data Plot and Equation 40

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

20

40

60

80

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.41(X) + 4.44

68

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.88

100

Land Use: 220 Multifamily Housing (Low-Rise) Description Low-rise multifamily housing includes apartments, townhouses, and condominiums located within the same building with at least three other dwelling units and with one or two levels (floors) of residence. Multifamily housing (mid-rise) (Land Use 221), multifamily housing (high-rise) (Land Use 222), and affordable housing (Land Use 223) are related land uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand (1) on a weekday (10 study sites) and a Saturday (11 study sites) in a general urban/suburban setting and (2) on a weekday (three study sites) and a Saturday (three study sites) in a dense multi-use urban setting. Percent of Peak Parking Demand General Urban/Suburban

Dense Multi-Use Urban

Hour Beginning

Weekday

Saturday

Weekday

Saturday

12:00–4:00 a.m.

100

93

86

100

5:00 a.m.

97

100

100

94

6:00 a.m.

90

98

94

91

7:00 a.m.

77

96

81

85

8:00 a.m.

56

92

58

79

9:00 a.m.

45

80

56

76

10:00 a.m.

40

78

53

71

11:00 a.m.

37

71

58

74

12:00 p.m.

36

68

56

68

1:00 p.m.

36

66

53

68

2:00 p.m.

37

65

47

68

3:00 p.m.

43

68

56

56

4:00 p.m.

45

70

53

59

5:00 p.m.

55

73

61

53

6:00 p.m.

66

77

81

50

7:00 p.m.

73

81

67

56

8:00 p.m.

77

82

61

65

9:00 p.m.

86

86

64

74

10:00 p.m.

92

87

75

85

11:00 p.m.

97

92

86

91

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

69

Additional Data In prior editions of Parking Generation, the low-rise multifamily housing sites were further divided into rental and condominium categories. An investigation of parking demand data found no clear differences in parking demand between the rental and condominium sites within the ITE database. As more data are compiled for future editions, this land use classification can be reinvestigated. The average parking supply ratios for the study sites with parking supply information are shown in the table below. Parking Supply Ratio Setting

Proximity to Rail Transit

Per Dwelling Unit

Per Bedroom

Dense Multi-Use Urban

Within ½ mile of rail transit

0.6 (12 sites)

0.4 (10 sites)

Not within ½ mile of rail transit

0.9 (18 sites)

0.6 (18 sites)

Within ½ mile of rail transit

1.5 (10 sites)

0.9 (10 sites)

Not within ½ mile of rail transit

1.7 (52 sites)

1.0 (52 sites)

General Urban/ Suburban

The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, the 2000s, and the 2010s in Alberta (CAN), California, Colorado, District of Columbia, Maryland, Massachusetts, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin. It is expected that the number of bedrooms and number of residents are likely correlated to the parking demand generated by a residential site. Parking studies of multifamily housing should attempt to obtain information on occupancy rate and on the mix of residential unit sizes (i.e. number of units by number of bedrooms at the site complex). Future parking studies should also indicate the number of levels contained in the residential building.

Source Numbers 72, 124, 152, 154, 209, 215, 216, 218, 219, 255, 257, 314, 414, 419, 432, 437, 505, 512, 533, 535, 536, 537, 544, 545, 577, 578, 579, 580, 584, 585, 587

70

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Multifamily Housing (Low-Rise) (220) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban (no nearby rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 6:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 119 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 156

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.21

0.58 - 2.50

1.03 / 1.52

1.16 - 1.26

0.27 ( 22% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

2000

1000

0

0

200

400

600

800

1000

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.99 Ln(X) + 0.15

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.96

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

71

Multifamily Housing (Low-Rise) (220) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban (no nearby rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 6 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 247

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.31

1.05 - 1.62

1.18 / 1.61

***

0.23 ( 18% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

100

200

300

400

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.90 Ln(X) + 0.79

72

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.89

Multifamily Housing (Low-Rise) (220) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban (no nearby rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 317

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.66

1.66 - 1.66

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

100

200

300

400

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

73

Multifamily Housing (Low-Rise) (220) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban (no nearby rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 6:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 77 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 182

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.22

0.58 - 2.30

1.02 / 1.41

1.15 - 1.29

0.32 ( 26% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

2000

1000

0

0

200

400

600

800

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 1.33(X) - 20.15

74

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.89

1000

Multifamily Housing (Low-Rise) (220) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban (no nearby rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 14 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 189

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.28

0.84 - 2.03

1.11 / 1.59

***

0.30 ( 23% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

100

200

300

400

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 1.29(X) - 1.37

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.85

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

75

Multifamily Housing (Low-Rise) (220) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban (no nearby rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 317

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.66

1.66 - 1.66

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

100

200

300

400

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

76

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Multifamily Housing (Low-Rise) (220) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Bedrooms On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban (no nearby rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 6:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 45 Avg. Num. of Bedrooms: 215

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bedroom Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.66

0.37 - 1.38

0.61 / 0.86

0.62 - 0.70

0.15 ( 23% )

Data Plot and Equation 500

P = Parked Vehicles

400

300

200

100

0

0

200

400

600

800

X = Number of Bedrooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.95 Ln(X) - 0.19

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.93

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

77

Multifamily Housing (Low-Rise) (220) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Bedrooms On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban (no nearby rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 5 Avg. Num. of Bedrooms: 356

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bedroom Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.80

0.70 - 0.88

0.82 / 0.88

***

0.08 ( 10% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

500

P = Parked Vehicles

400

300

200

100

0

0

200

400

600

X = Number of Bedrooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.91 Ln(X) + 0.31

78

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.97

Multifamily Housing (Low-Rise) (220) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban (< 1/2 mile to rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 6:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 16 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 117

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.07

0.45 - 1.41

0.77 / 1.31

***

0.29 ( 27% )

Data Plot and Equation 500

P = Parked Vehicles

400

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

400

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 1.31(X) - 28.09

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.94

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

79

Multifamily Housing (Low-Rise) (220) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban (< 1/2 mile to rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 6:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 7 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 83

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.25

0.45 - 1.44

0.85 / 1.41

***

0.25 ( 20% )

Data Plot and Equation 400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 1.34(X) - 8.06

80

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.99

Multifamily Housing (Low-Rise) (220) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Bedrooms On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban (< 1/2 mile to rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 6:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 10 Avg. Num. of Bedrooms: 153

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bedroom Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.58

0.23 - 0.80

0.42 / 0.77

***

0.17 ( 29% )

Data Plot and Equation 500

P = Parked Vehicles

400

300

200

100

0

0

200

400

600

800

X = Number of Bedrooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.67(X) - 14.08

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.97

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

81

Multifamily Housing (Low-Rise) (220) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban (no nearby rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 6:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 12 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 27

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.76

0.15 - 1.00

0.50 / 0.96

***

0.25 ( 33% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 1.00(X) - 6.46

82

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.98

Multifamily Housing (Low-Rise) (220) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban (no nearby rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 6:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 15 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 24

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.78

0.15 - 1.00

0.55 / 0.98

***

0.24 ( 31% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.98(X) - 4.86

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.98

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

83

Multifamily Housing (Low-Rise) (220) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Saturday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban (no nearby rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 13

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.85

0.67 - 1.06

0.68 / 1.06

***

0.22 ( 26% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

84

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Multifamily Housing (Low-Rise) (220) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Bedrooms On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban (no nearby rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 6:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 12 Avg. Num. of Bedrooms: 43

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bedroom Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.48

0.15 - 0.94

0.39 / 0.71

***

0.19 ( 40% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Bedrooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.51(X) - 1.47

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.95

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

85

Multifamily Housing (Low-Rise) (220) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban (< 1/2 mile to rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 6:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 10 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 56

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.58

0.30 - 1.20

0.54 / 1.08

***

0.23 ( 40% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.45(X) + 7.30

86

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.90

Multifamily Housing (Low-Rise) (220) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban (< 1/2 mile to rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 6:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 9 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 57

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.59

0.30 - 1.38

0.53 / 1.20

***

0.25 ( 42% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.47(X) + 6.43

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.90

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

87

Multifamily Housing (Low-Rise) (220) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Bedrooms On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban (< 1/2 mile to rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 6:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 9 Avg. Num. of Bedrooms: 81

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bedroom Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.43

0.30 - 0.82

0.39 / 0.81

***

0.17 ( 40% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

400

X = Number of Bedrooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.30(X) + 10.59

88

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.93

Land Use: 221 Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise) Description Mid-rise multifamily housing includes apartments, townhouses, and condominiums located within the same building with at least three other dwelling units and with between three and 10 levels (floors) of residence. Multifamily housing (low-rise) (Land Use 220), multifamily housing (high-rise) (Land Use 222), and affordable housing (Land Use 223) are related land uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday (one general urban/suburban study site), a Saturday (two general urban/suburban study sites), and a Sunday (one dense multi-use urban study site). Percent of Peak Parking Demand Hour Beginning

Weekday

Saturday

Sunday

12:00–4:00 a.m.

100

100

100

5:00 a.m.

94

99

–

6:00 a.m.

83

97

–

7:00 a.m.

71

95

–

8:00 a.m.

61

88

–

9:00 a.m.

55

83

–

10:00 a.m.

54

75

–

11:00 a.m.

53

71

–

12:00 p.m.

50

68

–

1:00 p.m.

49

66

33

2:00 p.m.

49

70

40

3:00 p.m.

50

69

27

4:00 p.m.

58

72

13

5:00 p.m.

64

74

33

6:00 p.m.

67

74

60

7:00 p.m.

70

73

67

8:00 p.m.

76

75

47

9:00 p.m.

83

78

53

10:00 p.m.

90

82

73

11:00 p.m.

93

88

93

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

89

Additional Data In prior editions of Parking Generation, the mid-rise multifamily housing sites were further divided into rental and condominium categories. An investigation of parking demand data found no clear differences in parking demand between the rental and condominium sites within the ITE database. As more data are compiled for future editions, this land use classification can be reinvestigated. The average parking supply ratios for the study sites with parking supply information are shown in the table below. Parking Supply Ratio Setting

Proximity to Rail Transit

Per Dwelling Unit

Per Bedroom

Center City Core

Within ½ mile of rail transit

1.1 (15 sites)

1.0 (12 sites)

Dense Multi-Use Urban

Within ½ mile of rail transit

1.2 (39 sites)

0.9 (34 sites)

Not within ½ mile of rail transit

1.2 (65 sites)

0.8 (56 sites)

Within ½ mile of rail transit

1.5 (25 sites)

0.8 (12 sites)

Not within ½ mile of rail transit

1.7 (62 sites)

1.0 (39 sites)

General Urban/ Suburban

The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, the 2000s, and the 2010s in California, Colorado, District of Columbia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin. It is expected that the number of bedrooms and number of residents are likely correlated to the parking demand generated by a residential site. Parking studies of multifamily housing should attempt to obtain information on occupancy rate and on the mix of residential unit sizes (i.e., number of units by number of bedrooms at the site complex). Future parking studies should also indicate the number of levels contained in the residential building.

Source Numbers 21, 209, 247, 255, 277, 401, 402, 419, 505, 512, 522, 533, 535, 536, 537, 538, 545, 546, 547, 575, 576, 577, 579, 580, 581, 583, 584, 585, 587

90

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise) (221) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban (no nearby rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 73 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 261

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.31

0.75 - 2.03

1.13 / 1.47

1.26 - 1.36

0.22 ( 17% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

2000

1000

0

0

1000

2000

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 1.34(X) - 8.73

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.97

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

91

Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise) (221) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban (no nearby rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 665

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.22

0.84 - 1.33

0.94 / 1.33

***

0.20 ( 16% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

2000

1000

0

0

1000

2000

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

92

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise) (221) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban (no nearby rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 245

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.05

2.05 - 2.05

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

93

Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise) (221) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban (no nearby rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 48 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 234

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.32

0.75 - 2.03

1.04 / 1.51

1.25 - 1.39

0.24 ( 18% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

2000

1000

0

0

1000

2000

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 1.34(X) - 5.76

94

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.97

Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise) (221) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban (no nearby rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 746

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.25

0.84 - 1.33

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

2000

1000

0

0

1000

2000

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

95

Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise) (221) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban (no nearby rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 245

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.05

2.05 - 2.05

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

96

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise) (221) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Bedrooms On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban (no nearby rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 35 Avg. Num. of Bedrooms: 294

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bedroom Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.75

0.41 - 1.00

0.65 / 0.87

0.70 - 0.80

0.15 ( 20% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

2000

1000

0

0

1000

2000

X = Number of Bedrooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.82(X) - 20.37

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.94

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

97

Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise) (221) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Bedrooms On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban (no nearby rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Bedrooms: 749

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bedroom Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.77

0.77 - 0.77

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

200

400

600

800

X = Number of Bedrooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

98

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise) (221) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban (< 1/2 mile to rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 27 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 318

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.12

0.55 - 1.45

0.91 / 1.27

1.06 - 1.18

0.17 ( 15% )

Data Plot and Equation 4000

P = Parked Vehicles

3000

2000

1000

0

0

1000

2000

3000

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 1.22(X) - 31.38

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.99

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

99

Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise) (221) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban (< 1/2 mile to rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 244

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.15

1.03 - 1.37

1.10 / 1.37

***

0.19 ( 17% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

500

P = Parked Vehicles

400

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

400

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

100

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

500

Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise) (221) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban (< 1/2 mile to rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 438

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.00

1.00 - 1.00

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

500

P = Parked Vehicles

400

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

400

500

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

101

Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise) (221) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban (< 1/2 mile to rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 18 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 299

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.19

0.55 - 1.37

0.84 / 1.30

***

0.19 ( 16% )

Data Plot and Equation 4000

P = Parked Vehicles

3000

2000

1000

0

0

1000

2000

3000

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 1.30(X) - 34.09

102

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 1.00

Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise) (221) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban (< 1/2 mile to rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 236

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.19

1.08 - 1.37

1.14 / 1.37

***

0.16 ( 13% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

500

P = Parked Vehicles

400

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

400

500

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

103

Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise) (221) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban (< 1/2 mile to rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 415

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.06

1.06 - 1.06

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

500

P = Parked Vehicles

400

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

400

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

104

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

500

Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise) (221) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Bedrooms On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban (< 1/2 mile to rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 13 Avg. Num. of Bedrooms: 198

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bedroom Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.61

0.42 - 1.25

0.55 / 0.86

***

0.12 ( 20% )

Data Plot and Equation 500

P = Parked Vehicles

400

300

200

100

0

0

200

400

600

800

X = Number of Bedrooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.90 Ln(X) + 0.04

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.96

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

105

Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise) (221) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Bedrooms On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban (< 1/2 mile to rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Bedrooms: 647

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bedroom Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.69

0.69 - 0.69

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

500

P = Parked Vehicles

400

300

200

100

0

0

200

400

600

800

X = Number of Bedrooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

106

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise) (221) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Bedrooms On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban (< 1/2 mile to rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Bedrooms: 647

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bedroom Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.68

0.68 - 0.68

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

500

P = Parked Vehicles

400

300

200

100

0

0

200

400

600

800

X = Number of Bedrooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

107

Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise) (221) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban (no nearby rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 62 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 104

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.90

0.17 - 2.72

0.63 / 1.27

0.81 - 0.99

0.37 ( 41% )

Data Plot and Equation 400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

400

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 1.04(X) - 15.22

108

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.86

Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise) (221) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Saturday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban (no nearby rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 160

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.85

0.85 - 0.85

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

109

Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise) (221) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Sunday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban (no nearby rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 15

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.00

1.00 - 1.00

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

110

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise) (221) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban (no nearby rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 51 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 88

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.77

0.17 - 1.54

0.60 / 1.02

0.70 - 0.84

0.25 ( 32% )

Data Plot and Equation 400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

400

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.96(X) - 16.70

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.93

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

111

Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise) (221) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Saturday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban (no nearby rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 160

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.85

0.85 - 0.85

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

112

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise) (221) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Sunday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban (no nearby rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 15

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.00

1.00 - 1.00

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

113

Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise) (221) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Bedrooms On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban (no nearby rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 50 Avg. Num. of Bedrooms: 142

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bedroom Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.48

0.14 - 1.33

0.44 / 0.71

0.44 - 0.52

0.16 ( 33% )

Data Plot and Equation 400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

200

400

600

800

X = Number of Bedrooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.53(X) - 6.28

114

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.91

Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise) (221) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Bedrooms On a: Sunday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban (no nearby rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Bedrooms: 15

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bedroom Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.00

1.00 - 1.00

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = Number of Bedrooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

115

Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise) (221) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban (< 1/2 mile to rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 43 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 121

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.71

0.17 - 1.50

0.47 / 1.17

0.61 - 0.81

0.32 ( 45% )

Data Plot and Equation 400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

200

400

600

800

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.65(X) + 6.12

116

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.77

Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise) (221) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban (< 1/2 mile to rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 41 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 115

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.70

0.17 - 1.50

0.46 / 1.16

0.61 - 0.79

0.30 ( 43% )

Data Plot and Equation 400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

200

400

600

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.68(X) + 2.38

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.82

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

117

Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise) (221) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Bedrooms On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban (< 1/2 mile to rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 34 Avg. Num. of Bedrooms: 137

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bedroom Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.50

0.13 - 0.91

0.33 / 0.67

0.44 - 0.56

0.19 ( 38% )

Data Plot and Equation 400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

200

400

600

800

X = Number of Bedrooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.49(X) + 0.73

118

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.83

Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise) (221) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Center City Core Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 11 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 234

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.22

0.08 - 0.38

0.21 / 0.37

***

0.11 ( 50% )

Data Plot and Equation 100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

200

400

600

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.89 Ln(X) - 0.96

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.76

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

119

Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise) (221) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Center City Core Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 11 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 220

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.24

0.08 - 0.42

0.21 / 0.41

***

0.12 ( 50% )

Data Plot and Equation 100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

200

400

600

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.90 Ln(X) - 0.98

120

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.76

Multifamily Housing (Mid-Rise) (221) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Bedrooms On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Center City Core Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 10 Avg. Num. of Bedrooms: 244

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bedroom Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.22

0.11 - 0.33

0.19 / 0.32

***

0.08 ( 36% )

Data Plot and Equation 100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

200

400

600

X = Number of Bedrooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.16(X) + 14.75

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.55

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

121

Land Use: 222 Multifamily Housing (High-Rise) Description High-rise multifamily housing includes apartments and condominiums that have more than 10 levels (floors) of residence. They are likely to have one or more elevators. Multifamily housing (low-rise) (Land Use 220), multifamily housing (mid-rise) (Land Use 221), and affordable housing (Land Use 223) are related land uses.

Additional Data In prior editions of Parking Generation, the high-rise multifamily housing sites were further divided into rental and condominium categories. An investigation of parking demand data found no clear differences in parking demand patterns between the rental and condominium sites within the ITE database. As more data are compiled for future editions, this land use classification can be reinvestigated. The average parking supply ratios for the study sites with parking supply information are shown in the table below. Parking Supply Ratio Setting

Proximity to Rail Transit

Per Dwelling Unit

Per Bedroom

Center City Core

Within ½ mile of rail transit

0.7 (14 sites)

0.6 (13 sites)

Dense Multi-Use Urban

Within ½ mile of rail transit

0.6 (6 sites)

0.5 (6 sites)

Not within ½ mile of rail transit

0.6 (1 site)

0.3 (1 site)

Within ½ mile of rail transit

Not Available

Not Available

Not within ½ mile of rail transit

1.2 (6 sites)

0.9 (1 site)

General Urban/ Suburban

The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 2000s, and the 2010s in District of Columbia, Tennessee, and Virginia. It is expected that the number of bedrooms and number of residents are likely correlated to the parking demand generated by a residential site. Parking studies of multifamily housing should attempt to obtain information on occupancy rate and on the mix of residential unit sizes (i.e., number of units by number of bedrooms at the site complex). Future parking studies should also indicate the number of levels contained in the residential building.

Source Numbers 71, 402, 583

122

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Multifamily Housing (High Rise) (222) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban (no nearby rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 5 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 399

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.98

0.57 - 1.19

0.78 / 1.19

***

0.27 ( 28% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

2000

1000

0

0

1000

2000

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 1.25(X) - 105.47

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.97

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

123

Multifamily Housing (High Rise) (222) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban (no nearby rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 5 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 388

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.01

0.61 - 1.20

0.81 / 1.20

***

0.25 ( 25% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

2000

1000

0

0

1000

2000

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 1.23(X) - 84.46

124

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.97

Multifamily Housing (High Rise) (222) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Bedrooms On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban (no nearby rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Bedrooms: 532

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bedroom Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.49

0.42 - 0.53

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

200

400

600

800

X = Number of Bedrooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

125

Multifamily Housing (High Rise) (222) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban (no nearby rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 485

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.55

0.51 - 0.73

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

200

400

600

800

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

126

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Multifamily Housing (High Rise) (222) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban (no nearby rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 424

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.63

0.58 - 0.83

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

200

400

600

800

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

127

Multifamily Housing (High Rise) (222) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Bedrooms On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban (no nearby rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Bedrooms: 256

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bedroom Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.60

0.60 - 0.60

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Bedrooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

128

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Multifamily Housing (High Rise) (222) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban (< 1/2 mile to rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 162

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.44

0.26 - 0.61

0.35 / 0.61

***

0.19 ( 43% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

129

Multifamily Housing (High Rise) (222) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban (< 1/2 mile to rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 159

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.45

0.26 - 0.63

0.35 / 0.63

***

0.20 ( 44% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

130

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Multifamily Housing (High Rise) (222) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Bedrooms On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban (< 1/2 mile to rail transit) Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. Num. of Bedrooms: 204

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bedroom Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.35

0.24 - 0.44

0.28 / 0.44

***

0.11 ( 31% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Bedrooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

131

Multifamily Housing (High Rise) (222) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Center City Core Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 15 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 370

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.46

0.25 - 0.67

0.39 / 0.60

***

0.13 ( 28% )

Data Plot and Equation 400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

200

400

600

800

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.94 Ln(X) - 0.47

132

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.73

Multifamily Housing (High Rise) (222) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Center City Core Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 15 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 347

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.49

0.27 - 0.73

0.41 / 0.64

***

0.14 ( 29% )

Data Plot and Equation 400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

200

400

600

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.95 Ln(X) - 0.46

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.72

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

133

Multifamily Housing (High Rise) (222) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Bedrooms On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Center City Core Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 14 Avg. Num. of Bedrooms: 473

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bedroom Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.36

0.22 - 0.50

0.27 / 0.49

***

0.11 ( 31% )

Data Plot and Equation 400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

200

400

600

800

X = Number of Bedrooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.93 Ln(X) - 0.64

134

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.71

1000

Land Use: 223 Affordable Housing Description Affordable housing includes all multifamily housing that is rented at below market rate to households that include at least one employed member. Eligibility to live in affordable housing can be a function of limited household income and resident age. Multifamily housing (low-rise) (Land Use 220), multifamily housing (mid-rise) (Land Use 221), and multifamily housing (high-rise) (Land Use 222) are related land uses.

Additional Data For the majority of study sites in this land use code, 100 percent of the dwelling units are considered affordable. For residential study sites that provide a mix of market value and affordable units, the study sites with at least 75 percent of the dwelling units designated as affordable are also included in this land use database. Separate data plots and statistics are presented for subsets of the affordable housing database: sites with income limitations for its tenants, sites with minimum age thresholds for its tenants (i.e., senior housing), and sites comprised entirely of single-room-only units. The average parking supply ratios for the study sites with parking supply information are as follows: ●● In a general urban/suburban setting, 1.3 spaces per dwelling unit (28 sites) and 0.7 spaces per bedroom (9 sites) ●● In a dense multi-use urban setting, 0.6 spaces per dwelling unit (28 sites) and 0.3 spaces per bedroom (26 sites) ●● In a center city core setting, 0.3 spaces per dwelling unit (6 sites) and 0.3 spaces per bedroom (6 sites) The sites were surveyed in the 1990s and the 2010s in California, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Oregon. It is expected that the number of bedrooms and number of residents are likely correlated to the parking demand generated by a residential site. Parking studies of multifamily housing should attempt to obtain information on occupancy rate and on the mix of residential unit sizes (i.e., number of units by number of bedrooms at the site complex). Future parking studies should also indicate the number of levels contained in the residential building.

Source Numbers 314, 514, 533, 535, 536, 537, 539, 541, 579, 582, 585, 586

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

135

Affordable Housing - Income Limits (223) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 29 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 159

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.99

0.32 - 1.66

0.85 / 1.33

0.89 - 1.09

0.27 ( 27% )

Data Plot and Equation 1000

P = Parked Vehicles

800

600

400

200

0

0

200

400

600

800

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 1.13(X) - 21.94

136

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.91

Affordable Housing - Income Limits (223) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 10 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 155

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.79

0.41 - 1.28

0.61 / 1.00

***

0.27 ( 34% )

Data Plot and Equation 400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

400

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.92(X) - 19.11

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.84

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

137

Affordable Housing - Income Limits (223) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 240

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.96

0.75 - 1.17

0.81 / 1.17

***

0.23 ( 24% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

400

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

138

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Affordable Housing - Income Limits (223) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 6 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 71

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.78

0.56 - 1.01

0.65 / 1.01

***

0.17 ( 22% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.76(X) + 1.09

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.88

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

139

Affordable Housing - Income Limits (223) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 36

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.66

0.61 - 0.86

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

40

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

20

40

60

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

140

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Affordable Housing - Income Limits (223) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Bedrooms On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 9 Avg. Num. of Bedrooms: 97

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bedroom Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.54

0.29 - 0.85

0.48 / 0.82

***

0.14 ( 26% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Bedrooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.47(X) + 6.17

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.91

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

141

Affordable Housing - Income Limits (223) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Bedrooms On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Bedrooms: 44

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bedroom Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.27

0.27 - 0.27

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

10

20

30

40

X = Number of Bedrooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

142

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

50

Affordable Housing - Income Limits (223) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 19 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 109

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.53

0.25 - 1.43

0.46 / 1.00

***

0.14 ( 26% )

Data Plot and Equation 400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

200

400

600

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.58(X) - 5.29

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.96

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

143

Affordable Housing - Income Limits (223) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Saturday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 9.0

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.04

0.90 - 1.43

0.90 / 1.43

***

0.28 ( 27% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

144

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Affordable Housing - Income Limits (223) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 17 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 113

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.55

0.25 - 1.10

0.50 / 0.82

***

0.13 ( 24% )

Data Plot and Equation 400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

200

400

600

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.60(X) - 5.04

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.96

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

145

Affordable Housing - Income Limits (223) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Saturday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 9.0

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.04

0.90 - 1.43

0.90 / 1.43

***

0.28 ( 27% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

146

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Affordable Housing - Income Limits (223) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Bedrooms On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 18 Avg. Num. of Bedrooms: 201

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bedroom Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.30

0.16 - 0.51

0.28 / 0.46

***

0.07 ( 23% )

Data Plot and Equation 400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

200

400

600

800

1000

X = Number of Bedrooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.33(X) - 7.02

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.96

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

147

Affordable Housing - Income Limits (223) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Bedrooms On a: Saturday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. Num. of Bedrooms: 28

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bedroom Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.33

0.27 - 0.45

0.28 / 0.45

***

0.09 ( 27% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

10

20

30

40

X = Number of Bedrooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

148

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Affordable Housing - Income Limits (223) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Center City Core Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 224

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.16

0.16 - 0.16

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

40

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

149

Affordable Housing - Income Limits (223) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Center City Core Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 210

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.17

0.17 - 0.17

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

40

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

150

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Affordable Housing - Income Limits (223) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Bedrooms On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Center City Core Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Bedrooms: 302

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bedroom Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.12

0.12 - 0.12

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

40

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

100

200

300

400

X = Number of Bedrooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

151

Affordable Housing - Senior (223) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 5 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 68

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.38

0.34 - 0.44

0.35 / 0.44

***

0.05 ( 13% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

50

P = Parked Vehicles

40

30

20

10

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.37(X) + 0.79

152

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.95

Affordable Housing - Senior (223) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 61

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.39

0.35 - 0.46

0.35 / 0.46

***

0.05 ( 13% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

50

P = Parked Vehicles

40

30

20

10

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.99 Ln(X) - 0.90

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.98

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

153

Affordable Housing - Senior (223) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 114

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.42

0.38 - 0.47

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

50

P = Parked Vehicles

40

30

20

10

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

154

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Affordable Housing - Senior (223) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 97

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.42

0.33 - 0.58

0.34 / 0.58

***

0.14 ( 33% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

155

Affordable Housing - Senior (223) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Bedrooms On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Bedrooms: 75

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bedroom Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.47

0.33 - 0.53

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Bedrooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

156

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Affordable Housing - Senior (223) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Center City Core Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 151

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.11

0.11 - 0.11

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

157

Affordable Housing - Senior (223) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Bedrooms On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Center City Core Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Bedrooms: 151

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bedroom Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.11

0.11 - 0.11

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Bedrooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

158

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Affordable Housing - Single Room Only (223) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 78

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.26

0.16 - 0.68

0.24 / 0.68

***

0.17 ( 65% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

40

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.59 Ln(X) + 0.47

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.67

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

159

Affordable Housing - Single Room Only (223) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 95

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.26

0.17 - 0.68

0.21 / 0.68

***

0.18 ( 69% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

40

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

160

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Affordable Housing - Single Room Only (223) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Bedrooms On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. Num. of Bedrooms: 82

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bedroom Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.25

0.16 - 0.59

0.23 / 0.59

***

0.14 ( 56% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

40

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Bedrooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.62 Ln(X) + 0.31

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.73

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

161

Affordable Housing - Single Room Only (223) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Center City Core Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 177

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.25

0.19 - 0.34

0.20 / 0.34

***

0.07 ( 28% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.96 Ln(X) - 1.20

162

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.76

Affordable Housing - Single Room Only (223) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Center City Core Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 136

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.19

0.19 - 0.19

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

163

Affordable Housing - Single Room Only (223) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Bedrooms On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Center City Core Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. Num. of Bedrooms: 178

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bedroom Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.25

0.18 - 0.34

0.20 / 0.34

***

0.07 ( 28% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Bedrooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.95 Ln(X) - 1.18

164

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.74

Land Use: 252 Senior Adult Housing—Attached Description Senior adult housing consists of attached independent living developments, including retirement communities, age-restricted housing, and active adult communities This type of housing for active senior adults can take the form of bungalows, townhouses, and apartments. These developments may include limited social or recreational services. They generally lack centralized dining and on-site medical facilities. Residents in these communities live independently, are typically active (requiring little to no medical supervision) and may or may not be retired. Congregate care facility (Land Use 253), assisted living (Land Use 254), and continuing care retirement community (Land Use 255) are related uses. The minimum age thresholds for the study sites in the database are not known. It would be expected that a development with an age restriction of 55 would include more households with an employed resident than would a development with an age restriction of 65. How this age restriction affects parking demand cannot be determined from the available data.

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the three study sites in a general urban/suburban setting and with parking supply information is 0.9 spaces per dwelling unit. The sites were surveyed in the 2000s in Pennsylvania. It is expected that the number of bedrooms and number of residents are likely correlated to the parking demand generated by a residential site. Parking studies of multifamily housing should attempt to obtain information on occupancy rate and on the mix of residential unit sizes (i.e., number of units by number of bedrooms at the site complex). Future parking studies should also indicate the number of levels contained in the residential building.

Source Number 431

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

165

Senior Adult Housing - Attached (252) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 8:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 58

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.61

0.45 - 0.67

0.51 / 0.67

***

0.11 ( 18% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

20

40

60

80

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

166

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

100

Senior Adult Housing - Attached (252) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 8:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 58

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.61

0.45 - 0.67

0.51 / 0.67

***

0.11 ( 18% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

20

40

60

80

100

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

167

Land Use: 253 Congregate Care Facility Description A congregate care facility is an independent living development that provides centralized amenities such as dining, housekeeping, communal transportation, and organized social/recreational activities. Each individual dwelling unit often has a kitchenette, rather than a full kitchen. Limited medical services (such as nursing and dental) may or may not be provided. The resident may contract additional medical services or personal assistance. Senior adult housing—attached (Land Use 252), assisted living (Land Use 254), and continuing care retirement community (Land Use 255) are related uses.

Additional Data Resident vehicle ownership is typically low at a congregate care facility. Site employees, persons providing services to the residents, and visitors generate the majority of the parked vehicles at the site. The average parking supply ratio for the six study sites with parking supply information is 0.5 spaces per dwelling unit. The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, the 2000s, and the 2010s in California, New Jersey, Ontario (CAN), and Oregon.

Source Numbers 120, 401, 433, 548

168

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Congregate Care Facility (253) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 7 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 137

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.30

0.08 - 0.48

0.16 / 0.46

***

0.14 ( 47% )

Data Plot and Equation 100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.56(X) - 35.03

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.91

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

169

Congregate Care Facility (253) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 138

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.28

0.16 - 0.33

0.20 / 0.33

***

0.09 ( 32% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

170

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Congregate Care Facility (253) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 3:00 - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 104

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.21

0.16 - 0.27

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

171

Congregate Care Facility (253) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 182

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.45

0.41 - 0.48

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

172

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use: 254 Assisted Living Description An assisted living complex is a residential setting that provides either routine general protective oversight or assistance with activities necessary for independent living to mentally or physically limited persons. It commonly has separate living quarters for residents. Its centralized services typically include dining, housekeeping, social and physical activities, medication administration, and communal transportation. Alzheimer’s and ALS care are commonly offered by these facilities, though the living quarters for these patients may be located separately from the other residents. Assisted care commonly bridges the gap between independent living and nursing homes. In some areas of the country, assisted living residences may be called personal care, residential care, or domiciliary care. Staff may be available at an assisted care facility 24 hours a day, but skilled medical care—which is limited in nature—is not required. Congregate care facility (Land Use 253), continuing care retirement community (Land Use 255), and nursing home (Land Use 620) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday (nine study sites), a Saturday (eight study sites), and a Sunday (nine study sites) in a general urban/ suburban setting.

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

173

Percent of Peak Parking Demand Hour Beginning

Weekday

Saturday

Sunday

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

–

–

5:00 a.m.

–

–

–

6:00 a.m.

–

–

–

7:00 a.m.

52

–

–

8:00 a.m.

62

–

–

9:00 a.m.

78

–

–

10:00 a.m.

82

–

–

11:00 a.m.

93

97

89

12:00 p.m.

96

100

90

1:00 p.m.

100

95

100

2:00 p.m.

95

78

96

3:00 p.m.

85

68

86

4:00 p.m.

75

70

90

5:00 p.m.

68

63

80

6:00 p.m.

61

56

65

7:00 p.m.

–

–

–

8:00 p.m.

–

–

–

9:00 p.m.

–

–

–

10:00 p.m.

–

–

–

11:00 p.m.

–

–

–

Additional Data The rooms in these facilities may be private or shared accommodations, consisting of either a single room or a small apartment-style unit with a kitchenette and living space. The average parking supply ratio for 30 study sites in a general urban/suburban setting and not located within ½ mile of rail transit is 0.5 spaces per dwelling unit. For two study sites in a general urban/suburban setting and located within ½ mile of rail transit, the average parking supply ratio is 0.4 spaces per dwelling unit. The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, the 2000s, and the 2010s in Arizona, California, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Utah, Virginia, and Washington. Future parking demand studies should record the building size and the numbers of dwelling units, occupied dwelling units, beds, and employees.

Source Numbers 42, 59, 121, 247, 279, 287, 315, 422, 431, 432, 438, 451, 506, 507, 516, 527, 539

174

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Assisted Living (254) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Beds On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 10 Avg. Num. of Beds: 103

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bed Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.39

0.27 - 0.60

0.34 / 0.58

***

0.11 ( 28% )

Data Plot and Equation 80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Beds

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.73 Ln(X) + 0.28

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.63

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

175

Assisted Living (254) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Beds On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 1:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. Num. of Beds: 111

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bed Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.25

0.20 - 0.28

0.22 / 0.28

***

0.03 ( 12% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

40

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Beds

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.32(X) - 8.44

176

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.92

Assisted Living (254) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Beds On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. Num. of Beds: 111

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bed Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.29

0.25 - 0.34

0.26 / 0.34

***

0.04 ( 14% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

50

P = Parked Vehicles

40

30

20

10

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Beds

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.35(X) - 6.12

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.87

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

177

Assisted Living (254) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Beds On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 10 Avg. Num. of Occupied Beds: 102

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Bed Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.39

0.27 - 0.61

0.34 / 0.58

***

0.11 ( 28% )

Data Plot and Equation 80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Occupied Beds

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.72 Ln(X) + 0.34

178

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.64

Assisted Living (254) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Beds On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 1:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. Num. of Occupied Beds: 111

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Bed Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.25

0.20 - 0.28

0.22 / 0.28

***

0.03 ( 12% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

40

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Occupied Beds

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.32(X) - 8.44

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.92

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

179

Assisted Living (254) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Beds On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. Num. of Occupied Beds: 111

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Bed Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.29

0.25 - 0.34

0.26 / 0.34

***

0.04 ( 14% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

50

P = Parked Vehicles

40

30

20

10

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Occupied Beds

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.35(X) - 6.12

180

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.87

Assisted Living (254) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 39 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 83

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.40

0.24 - 0.74

0.34 / 0.53

0.37 - 0.43

0.11 ( 28% )

Data Plot and Equation 80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.95 Ln(X) - 0.69

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.59

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

181

Assisted Living (254) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 1:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 18 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 88

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.30

0.13 - 0.53

0.25 / 0.46

***

0.11 ( 37% )

Data Plot and Equation 50

P = Parked Vehicles

40

30

20

10

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

182

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Assisted Living (254) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 15 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 92

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.32

0.19 - 0.57

0.25 / 0.46

***

0.11 ( 34% )

Data Plot and Equation 80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.37(X) - 4.28

Average Rate

R²= 0.50

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

183

Assisted Living (254) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 39 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 81

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.41

0.25 - 0.76

0.35 / 0.55

0.38 - 0.44

0.11 ( 27% )

Data Plot and Equation 80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.97 Ln(X) - 0.77

184

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.61

Assisted Living (254) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 1:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 18 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 86

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.31

0.13 - 0.53

0.26 / 0.48

***

0.11 ( 35% )

Data Plot and Equation 50

P = Parked Vehicles

40

30

20

10

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

185

Assisted Living (254) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 15 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 89

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.33

0.20 - 0.58

0.26 / 0.49

***

0.11 ( 33% )

Data Plot and Equation 80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.39(X) - 5.19

186

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.53

Assisted Living (254) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 7 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 39

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.72

0.45 - 1.65

0.56 / 1.47

***

0.34 ( 47% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

20

40

60

80

100

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.56(X) + 6.30

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.56

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

187

Assisted Living (254) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 50

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.61

0.31 - 0.80

0.34 / 0.80

***

0.27 ( 44% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

20

40

60

80

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

188

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

100

Assisted Living (254) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 9 Avg. Num. of Employees: 46

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.81

0.41 - 1.15

0.64 / 1.08

***

0.24 ( 30% )

Data Plot and Equation 80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

20

40

60

80

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.96(X) - 6.76

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.60

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

189

Assisted Living (254) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. Num. of Employees: 51

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.69

0.47 - 0.94

0.48 / 0.94

***

0.29 ( 42% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

20

40

60

80

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

190

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Assisted Living (254) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 129

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.24

0.20 - 0.58

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

50

P = Parked Vehicles

40

30

20

10

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

191

Assisted Living (254) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Saturday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 1:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 24

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.54

0.54 - 0.54

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

10

20

30

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

192

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Assisted Living (254) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 119

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.26

0.22 - 0.58

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

50

P = Parked Vehicles

40

30

20

10

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

193

Assisted Living (254) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Saturday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 1:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 24

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.54

0.54 - 0.54

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

10

20

30

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

194

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use: 255 Continuing Care Retirement Community (CCRC) Description A continuing care retirement community (CCRC) is a land use that provides multiple elements of senior adult living. A CCRC enables a resident to transition in place from independent living to increased care as the medical needs of the resident change. Housing options may include various combinations of senior adult housing (detached or attached), congregate care, assisted living, and nursing home. The communities may also contain centralized services such as medical, dining, recreational, communal transportation, and some limited, supporting retail facilities. CCRCs are usually self-contained villages. Senior adult housing—attached (Land Use 252), congregate care facility (Land Use 253), assisted living (Land Use 254), and nursing home (Land Use 620) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at two general urban/suburban study sites. Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

–

7:00 a.m.

–

8:00 a.m.

100

9:00 a.m.

99

10:00 a.m.

99

11:00 a.m.

99

12:00 p.m.

95

1:00 p.m.

96

2:00 p.m.

96

3:00 p.m.

98

4:00 p.m.

95

5:00 p.m.

83

6:00 p.m.

–

7:00 p.m.

–

8:00 p.m.

–

9:00 p.m.

–

10:00 p.m.

–

11:00 p.m.

–

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

195

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the three study sites with parking supply information is 1.3 spaces per dwelling unit. The sites were surveyed in the 1980s and the 2000s in California and Pennsylvania.

Source Numbers 46, 315

196

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Continuing Care Retirement Community (255) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 162

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.09

1.02 - 1.19

1.05 / 1.19

***

0.08 ( 7% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.95 Ln(X) + 0.32

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.99

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

197

Continuing Care Retirement Community (255) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: Not Available Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 282

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.84

0.84 - 0.84

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

198

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Continuing Care Retirement Community (255) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 251

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.08

1.02 - 1.16

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

199

Continuing Care Retirement Community (255) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: Not Available Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 282

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.84

0.84 - 0.84

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

200

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use: 310 Hotel Description A hotel is a place of lodging that provides sleeping accommodations and supporting facilities such as a full-service restaurant, cocktail lounge, meeting rooms, banquet room, and convention facilities. It typically provides a swimming pool or another recreational facility such as a fitness room. All suites hotel (Land Use 311), business hotel (Land Use 312), motel (Land Use 320), and resort hotel (Land Use 330) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand (1) on a weekday (four study sites) and a Saturday (five study sites) in a general urban/suburban setting and (2) on a weekday (one study site) and a Saturday (one study site) in a dense multi-use urban setting. Percent of Peak Parking Demand General Urban/Suburban

Dense Multi–Use Urban

Hour Beginning

Weekday

Saturday

Weekday

Saturday

12:00–4:00 a.m.

96

74

93

100

5:00 a.m.

–

–

–

–

6:00 a.m.

91

62

97

95

7:00 a.m.

89

62

100

95

8:00 a.m.

90

72

93

89

9:00 a.m.

100

74

72

85

10:00 a.m.

98

76

69

74

11:00 a.m.

89

77

65

61

12:00 p.m.

85

79

78

47

1:00 p.m.

75

78

78

42

2:00 p.m.

81

67

63

41

3:00 p.m.

70

64

59

43

4:00 p.m.

74

67

58

48

5:00 p.m.

65

73

52

53

6:00 p.m.

73

83

63

64

7:00 p.m.

78

92

74

67

8:00 p.m.

93

97

78

78

9:00 p.m.

96

100

72

81

10:00 p.m.

95

91

84

93

11:00 p.m.

95

83

92

98

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

201

Additional Data Some properties contained in this land use provide guest transportation services such as airport shuttles, limousine service, or golf course shuttle service, which may have an impact on the overall parking generation rates. The average parking supply ratios for both the 17 study sites located in a general urban/suburban setting and the two study sites in a dense multi-use urban setting are 1.1 spaces per room. The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, and the 2000s in Arizona, California, Connecticut, Florida, Illinois, New York, Texas, and Washington. For all lodging uses, it is important to collect data on occupied rooms as well as total rooms. Parking demand at a hotel may be related to the presence of supporting facilities such as convention facilities, restaurants, meeting/banquet space, and other retail. Future data submissions should indicate the presence of these amenities and specify their size. Reporting the level of activity at the supporting facilities (such as full, empty, partially active, number of people attending a meeting/ banquet) during observation may also be useful in further analysis of this land use.

Source Numbers 1, 117, 124, 152, 154, 157, 159, 201, 215, 217, 245, 315, 401, 438

202

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Hotel (310) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Rooms On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 8:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 22 Avg. Num. of Rooms: 321

Peak Period Parking Demand per Room Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.74

0.43 - 1.47

0.64 / 0.99

0.65 - 0.83

0.22 ( 30% )

Data Plot and Equation 500

P = Parked Vehicles

400

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

400

500

X = Number of Rooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.90 Ln(X) + 0.26

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.72

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

203

Hotel (310) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Rooms On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 9:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Rooms: 285

Peak Period Parking Demand per Room Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.15

1.15 - 1.15

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Rooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

204

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Hotel (310) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Rooms On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 8:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 27 Avg. Num. of Occupied Rooms: 268

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Room Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.83

0.43 - 1.58

0.72 / 1.03

0.74 - 0.92

0.23 ( 28% )

Data Plot and Equation 500

P = Parked Vehicles

400

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

400

500

X = Number of Occupied Rooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.94 Ln(X) + 0.10

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.77

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

205

Hotel (310) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Rooms On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 9:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 8 Avg. Num. of Occupied Rooms: 242

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Room Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.18

0.72 - 1.58

0.93 / 1.55

***

0.32 ( 27% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

100

200

300

400

X = Number of Occupied Rooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 1.50(X) - 76.91

206

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.72

Hotel (310) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Rooms On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 8:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. Num. of Rooms: 280

Peak Period Parking Demand per Room Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.76

0.30 - 1.33

0.37 / 1.33

***

0.53 ( 70% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

500

P = Parked Vehicles

400

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

400

X = Number of Rooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

207

Hotel (310) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Rooms On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 8:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. Num. of Occupied Rooms: 215

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Room Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.89

0.30 - 1.33

0.59 / 1.33

***

0.44 ( 49% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

500

P = Parked Vehicles

400

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

400

X = Number of Occupied Rooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 2.26(X) - 296.42

208

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.89

Hotel (310) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Rooms On a: Saturday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 9:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Occupied Rooms: 182

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Room Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.71

0.62 - 0.78

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Occupied Rooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

209

Hotel (310) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Rooms On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Center City Core Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 8:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Rooms: 685

Peak Period Parking Demand per Room Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.37

0.27 - 0.61

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

200

400

600

800

X = Number of Rooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

210

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

1000

Hotel (310) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Rooms On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Center City Core Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 8:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Occupied Rooms: 685

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Room Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.37

0.27 - 0.61

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

200

400

600

800

1000

X = Number of Occupied Rooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

211

Land Use: 311 All Suites Hotel Description An all suites hotel is a place of lodging that provides sleeping accommodations, a small restaurant and lounge, and small amounts of meeting space. Each suite includes a sitting room and separate bedroom. An in-room kitchen is often provided. Hotel (Land Use 310), business hotel (Land Use 312), motel (Land Use 320), and resort hotel (Land Use 330) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday (two study sites) and a Saturday (one study site) in a general urban/suburban setting. Percent of Peak Parking Demand

212

Hour Beginning

Weekday

Saturday

12:00–4:00 a.m.

100

100

5:00 a.m.

–

–

6:00 a.m.

89

76

7:00 a.m.

81

77

8:00 a.m.

72

74

9:00 a.m.

71

69

10:00 a.m.

48

50

11:00 a.m.

41

45

12:00 p.m.

29

35

1:00 p.m.

30

33

2:00 p.m.

25

34

3:00 p.m.

34

40

4:00 p.m.

43

43

5:00 p.m.

38

58

6:00 p.m.

40

68

7:00 p.m.

36

50

8:00 p.m.

56

45

9:00 p.m.

74

54

10:00 p.m.

85

74

11:00 p.m.

98

89

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the three study sites with parking supply information is 1.1 spaces per room. The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, and the 2000s in California, Minnesota, New Mexico, and Texas. For all lodging uses, it is important to collect data on occupied rooms as well as total rooms. Parking demand at a hotel may be related to the presence of supporting facilities such as convention facilities, restaurants, meeting/banquet space and retail facilities. Future data submissions should indicate the presence of these amenities and specify their size. Reporting the level of activity at the supporting facilities (such as full, empty, partially active, number of people attending a meeting/ banquet) during observation may also be useful in further analysis of this land use.

Source Numbers 152, 158, 217, 314

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

213

All Suites Hotel (311) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Rooms On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 6:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 5 Avg. Num. of Occupied Rooms: 57

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Room Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.77

0.63 - 0.93

0.65 / 0.93

***

0.14 ( 18% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

20

40

60

80

X = Number of Occupied Rooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.90(X) - 7.22

214

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.76

All Suites Hotel (311) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Rooms On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 4:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Occupied Rooms: 77

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Room Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.91

0.86 - 0.93

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Occupied Rooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

215

All Suites Hotel (311) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Rooms On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 p.m. - 4:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Occupied Rooms: 57

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Room Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.83

0.80 - 0.85

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

20

40

60

80

X = Number of Occupied Rooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

216

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use: 312 Business Hotel Description A business hotel is a place of lodging aimed toward the business traveler but also accommodates a growing number of recreational travelers. These hotels provide sleeping accommodations and other limited facilities, such as a breakfast buffet bar and afternoon beverage bar. Some provide a fullservice restaurant geared toward hotel guests. Some provide a swimming pool; most provide fitness facilities. Limited space for meeting facilities may be provided. Each unit is a large single room. Hotel (Land Use 310), all suites hotel (Land Use 311), motel (Land Use 320), and resort hotel (Land Use 330) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday (two study sites) and a Saturday (one study site) in a general urban/suburban setting. Percent of Peak Parking Demand Hour Beginning

Weekday

Saturday

12:00–4:00 a.m.

100

82

5:00 a.m.

–

–

6:00 a.m.

–

96

7:00 a.m.

89

98

8:00 a.m.

64

87

9:00 a.m.

56

74

10:00 a.m.

49

64

11:00 a.m.

45

56

12:00 p.m.

45

48

1:00 p.m.

41

44

2:00 p.m.

39

40

3:00 p.m.

39

46

4:00 p.m.

44

48

5:00 p.m.

48

55

6:00 p.m.

51

60

7:00 p.m.

54

64

8:00 p.m.

62

67

9:00 p.m.

72

81

10:00 p.m.

86

88

11:00 p.m.

93

100

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

217

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the eight study sites in a general urban/suburban setting and with parking supply information is 1.1 spaces per room. For one dense multi-use urban site, the parking ratio is 0.9 spaces per room. The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, the 2000s, and the 2010s in California, Georgia, and Washington. For all lodging uses, it is important to collect data on occupied rooms as well as total rooms. Parking demand at a hotel may be related to the presence of supporting facilities such as convention facilities, restaurants, meeting/banquet space and retail facilities. Future data submissions should indicate the presence of these amenities and specify their size. Reporting the level of activity at the supporting facilities (such as full, empty, partially active, number of people attending a meeting/ banquet) during observation may also be useful in further analysis of this land use.

Source Numbers 6, 217, 311, 314, 401, 512, 526

218

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Business Hotel (312) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Rooms On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 11 Avg. Num. of Rooms: 125

Peak Period Parking Demand per Room Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.72

0.55 - 0.85

0.64 / 0.83

***

0.10 ( 14% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Rooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.76(X) - 5.04

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.87

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

219

Business Hotel (312) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Rooms On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 8:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. Num. of Rooms: 128

Peak Period Parking Demand per Room Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.64

0.54 - 0.75

0.57 / 0.75

***

0.11 ( 17% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Rooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

220

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Business Hotel (312) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Rooms On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 13 Avg. Num. of Occupied Rooms: 123

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Room Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.73

0.57 - 0.85

0.68 / 0.84

***

0.09 ( 12% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Occupied Rooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.79(X) - 7.05

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.87

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

221

Business Hotel (312) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Rooms On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 8:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. Num. of Occupied Rooms: 123

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Room Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.69

0.58 - 0.79

0.62 / 0.79

***

0.10 ( 14% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Occupied Rooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

222

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Business Hotel (312) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Rooms On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Rooms: 145

Peak Period Parking Demand per Room Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.62

0.62 - 0.62

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Rooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

223

Business Hotel (312) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Rooms On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 7:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Occupied Rooms: 131

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Room Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.69

0.69 - 0.69

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Occupied Rooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

224

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use: 320 Motel Description A motel is a place of lodging that provides sleeping accommodations, offers free on-site parking, and provides little or no meeting space and few supporting facilities. Exterior corridors accessing rooms (immediately adjacent to a parking lot) is common for a motel. Hotel (Land Use 310), all suites hotel (Land Use 311), business hotel (Land Use 312), and resort hotel (Land Use 330) are related uses.

Additional Data The sites were surveyed in the 1980s in California and Maryland. For all lodging uses, it is important to collect data on occupied rooms as well as total rooms. Parking demand at a hotel may be related to the presence of supporting facilities such as convention facilities, restaurants, meeting/banquet space and retail facilities. Future data submissions should indicate the presence of these amenities and specify their size. Reporting the level of activity at the supporting facilities (such as full, empty, partially active, number of people attending a meeting/ banquet) during observation may also be useful in further analysis of this land use.

Source Numbers 7, 157

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

225

Motel (320) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Rooms On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 7:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. Num. of Rooms: 102

Peak Period Parking Demand per Room Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.72

0.41 - 0.84

0.49 / 0.84

***

0.21 ( 29% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Rooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

226

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Motel (320) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Rooms On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 7:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. Num. of Occupied Rooms: 102

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Room Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.72

0.41 - 0.84

0.49 / 0.84

***

0.21 ( 29% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Occupied Rooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

227

Land Use: 330 Resort Hotel Description A resort hotel is similar to a hotel (Land Use 310) in that it provides sleeping accommodations, fullservice restaurants, cocktail lounges, retail shops, and guest services. The primary difference is that a resort hotel caters to the tourist and vacation industry, often providing a wide variety of recreational facilities/programs (golf courses, tennis courts, beach access, or other amenities) rather than convention and meeting business. Hotel (Land Use 310), all suites hotel (Land Use 311), business hotel (Land Use 312), and motel (Land Use 320) are related uses. It is recognized that some resort hotels cater to convention business as well as the tourist and vacation industry. The sites in the database do not have convention facilities. A resort hotel with convention facilities is likely to have a different level and pattern of parking demand than is presented below and in the data plots.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday (one study site) and a Saturday (one study site) in a dense multi-use urban setting. Percent of Peak Parking Demand

228

Hour Beginning

Weekday

Saturday

12:00–4:00 a.m.

93

84

5:00 a.m.

–

–

6:00 a.m.

71

58

7:00 a.m.

74

58

8:00 a.m.

88

63

9:00 a.m.

100

65

10:00 a.m.

95

60

11:00 a.m.

92

60

12:00 p.m.

86

59

1:00 p.m.

87

50

2:00 p.m.

85

51

3:00 p.m.

87

49

4:00 p.m.

87

54

5:00 p.m.

85

52

6:00 p.m.

73

63

7:00 p.m.

72

80

8:00 p.m.

80

94

9:00 p.m.

83

99

10:00 p.m.

94

100

11:00 p.m.

96

93

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the four study sites with parking supply information is 1.4 spaces per room. The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, and the 2000s in California, Nevada, South Carolina, and Texas. For all lodging uses, it is important to collect data on occupied rooms as well as total rooms. Parking demand at a hotel may be related to the presence of supporting facilities such as convention facilities, restaurants, meeting/banquet space and retail facilities. Future data submissions should indicate the presence of these amenities and specify their size. Reporting the level of activity at the supporting facilities (such as full, empty, partially active, number of people attending a meeting/ banquet) during observation may also be useful in further analysis of this land use.

Source Numbers 152, 212, 217, 281, 283

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

229

Resort Hotel (330) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Rooms On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. Num. of Rooms: 423

Peak Period Parking Demand per Room Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.96

0.55 - 1.86

0.72 / 1.86

***

0.45 ( 47% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

800

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

200

400

600

800

X = Number of Rooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

230

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Resort Hotel (330) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Rooms On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Rooms: 1609

Peak Period Parking Demand per Room Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.68

0.60 - 1.81

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

2000

1000

0

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

X = Number of Rooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

231

Resort Hotel (330) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Rooms On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Rooms: 218

Peak Period Parking Demand per Room Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.79

1.79 - 1.79

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Rooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

232

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Resort Hotel (330) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Rooms On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 5 Avg. Num. of Occupied Rooms: 366

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Room Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.06

0.55 - 2.17

0.94 / 2.17

***

0.49 ( 46% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

800

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

200

400

600

X = Number of Occupied Rooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

233

Resort Hotel (330) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Rooms On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Occupied Rooms: 1504

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Room Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.73

0.64 - 2.11

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

2000

1000

0

0

1000

2000

3000

X = Number of Occupied Rooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

234

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Resort Hotel (330) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Rooms On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Occupied Rooms: 187

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Room Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.09

2.09 - 2.09

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Occupied Rooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

235

Resort Hotel (330) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Rooms On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Occupied Rooms: 294

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Room Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.58

0.58 - 0.58

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Occupied Rooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

236

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Resort Hotel (330) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Rooms On a: Saturday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 p.m. - 5:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Occupied Rooms: 299

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Room Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.12

1.12 - 1.12

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Occupied Rooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

237

Land Use: 411 Public Park Description Public parks are owned and operated by a municipal, county, state, or federal agency. The parks surveyed vary widely as to location, type, and number of facilities, including boating or swimming facilities, beaches, hiking trails, ball fields, soccer fields, campsites, and picnic facilities. Seasonal use of the individual sites differs widely as a result of the varying facilities and local conditions, such as weather. For example, some of the sites are used primarily for boating or swimming; others are used for softball games. Soccer complex (Land Use 488) is a related use.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a Saturday (one study site) and a Sunday (one study site) in a general urban/suburban setting. Percent of Peak Parking Demand

238

Hour Beginning

Saturday

Sunday

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

–

5:00 a.m.

–

–

6:00 a.m.

–

–

7:00 a.m.

10

–

8:00 a.m.

10

–

9:00 a.m.

58

–

10:00 a.m.

70

17

11:00 a.m.

75

17

12:00 p.m.

67

33

1:00 p.m.

99

83

2:00 p.m.

100

83

3:00 p.m.

80

100

4:00 p.m.

61

50

5:00 p.m.

26

17

6:00 p.m.

33

50

7:00 p.m.

–

–

8:00 p.m.

–

–

9:00 p.m.

–

–

10:00 p.m.

–

–

11:00 p.m.

–

–

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Additional Data The percentage of the park area that is used most intensively varies considerably within the studies contained in this land use; therefore, caution should be used when using acres as an independent variable. The sites were surveyed in the 2000s and the 2010s in California and Oregon.

Source Numbers 314, 315, 520

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

239

Public Park (411) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Acres On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. Num. of Acres: 132

Peak Period Parking Demand per Acre Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.47

0.17 - 5.08

0.20 / 5.08

***

1.23 ( 262% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Acres

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

240

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Public Park (411) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Acres On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Acres: 14

Peak Period Parking Demand per Acre Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.21

0.33 - 2.80

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = Number of Acres

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

241

Land Use: 420 Marina Description A marina is a public or private facility that provides docks and berths for boats and may include limited retail and restaurant space.

Additional Data The site was surveyed in the 1980s in Washington.

Source Number 162

242

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Marina (420) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Berths On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: Not Available Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Berths: 1753

Peak Period Parking Demand per Berth Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.27

0.27 - 0.27

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

500

P = Parked Vehicles

400

300

200

100

0

0

1000

2000

X = Number of Berths

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

243

Marina (420) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Berths On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: Not Available Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Berths: 1753

Peak Period Parking Demand per Berth Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.35

0.35 - 0.35

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

800

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

1000

2000

X = Number of Berths

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

244

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Marina (420) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Berths On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: Not Available Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Berths: 1753

Peak Period Parking Demand per Berth Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.59

0.59 - 0.59

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

2000

1000

0

0

1000

2000

X = Number of Berths

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

245

Land Use: 430 Golf Course Description Golf courses include 9-, 18-, and 27-hole municipal courses. Some sites may also have driving ranges and clubhouses with a pro shop, restaurant, lounge, and banquet facilities. Multipurpose recreational facility (Land Use 435) is a related use.

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the 12 study sites with parking supply information is 11 spaces per hole. The sites were surveyed in the 1980s and the 2000s in California and Colorado.

Source Numbers 136, 315

246

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Golf Course (430) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Holes On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 12 Avg. Num. of Holes: 20

Peak Period Parking Demand per Hole Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

8.50

3.67 - 10.33

8.24 / 9.91

***

1.54 ( 18% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

10

20

30

X = Number of Holes

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 8.31(X) + 3.73

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.72

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

247

Golf Course (430) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Holes On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Holes: 18

Peak Period Parking Demand per Hole Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

7.22

5.67 - 8.78

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

10

20

X = Number of Holes

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

248

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Golf Course (430) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. Num. of Employees: 15

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

12.55

9.30 - 17.60

10.62 / 17.60

***

3.53 ( 28% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

10

20

30

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

249

Land Use: 433 Batting Cages Description These facilities consist of one or more individual batting cages. They may or may not include limited game rooms or refreshment services. This land use is a stand-alone facility and is not part of a larger multipurpose entertainment or recreational facility. Multipurpose recreational facility (Land Use 435) is a related use.

Additional Data The site was surveyed in the 1990s in California.

Source Number 209

250

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Batting Cages (433) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Cages On a: Friday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 5:00 - 9:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Cages: 5.0

Peak Period Parking Demand per Cage Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.00

2.00 - 2.00

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

2

4

6

X = Number of Cages

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

251

Batting Cages (433) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Cages On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 5:00 - 8:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Cages: 5.0

Peak Period Parking Demand per Cage Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.00

1.00 - 1.00

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

6

4

2

0

0

2

4

6

X = Number of Cages

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

252

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use: 435 Multipurpose Recreational Facility Description A multipurpose recreational facility contains two or more of the following land uses combined at one site: miniature golf, batting cages, video arcade, bumper boats, go-carts, and golf driving range. Refreshment areas may also be provided. Golf course (Land Use 430) and batting cages (Land Use 433) are related uses.

Additional Data The database consists of one site that contains two 18-hole miniature golf courses, batting cages, clubhouse with a video arcade and food service, trampoline, and skateboard area. The site has 97 parking spaces. The site was surveyed in the 1980s in California.

Source Number 161

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

253

Multipurpose Recreational Facility (435) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Acres On a: Friday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 p.m. (single count) Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Acres: 4.0

Peak Period Parking Demand per Acre Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

9.50

9.50 - 9.50

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

40

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

1

2

3

4

5

X = Number of Acres

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

254

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Multipurpose Recreational Facility (435) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Acres On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 p.m. (single count) Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Acres: 4.0

Peak Period Parking Demand per Acre Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

16.00

16.00 - 16.00

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

1

2

3

4

5

X = Number of Acres

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

255

Land Use: 437 Bowling Alley Description A bowling alley is a recreational facility that includes bowling lanes. A small lounge, restaurant and/or snack bar, video games, and pool tables may also be available.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at five study sites. Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

–

7:00 a.m.

–

8:00 a.m.

–

9:00 a.m.

–

10:00 a.m.

–

11:00 a.m.

–

12:00 p.m.

–

1:00 p.m.

–

2:00 p.m.

–

3:00 p.m.

–

4:00 p.m.

–

5:00 p.m.

45

6:00 p.m.

87

7:00 p.m.

99

8:00 p.m.

100

9:00 p.m.

82

10:00 p.m.

–

11:00 p.m.

–

Additional Data Factors such as the extent of ancillary activities (for example, billiards, lounge) and transitions between activities (when one bowling league had not yet ended and the next was about to begin) may have affected parking demand.

256

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

The average parking supply ratio for the 13 study sites with parking supply information is 4.9 spaces per lane. The sites were surveyed in the 1980s and the 1990s in Colorado and Oregon.

Source Numbers 138, 275

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

257

Bowling Alley (437) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Bowling Lanes On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 6:00 - 8:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 12 Avg. Num. of Bowling Lanes: 31

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bowling Lane Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

4.39

2.94 - 5.25

4.12 / 5.13

***

0.66 ( 15% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

10

20

30

40

X = Number of Bowling Lanes

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 4.68(X) - 9.12

258

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.90

50

Bowling Alley (437) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Bowling Lanes On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 6:00 - 8:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Bowling Lanes: 28

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bowling Lane Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.21

2.21 - 2.21

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

10

20

30

X = Number of Bowling Lanes

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

259

Land Use: 438 Billiard Hall Description A billiard hall is a recreational facility in which people play cue sports such as billiards, pool, or snooker. It may also have an ancillary lounge, video arcade, or food service.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a Friday (one study site) and a Saturday (one study site) in a general urban/suburban setting. Percent of Peak Parking Demand

260

Hour Beginning

Friday

Saturday

12:00–4:00 a.m.

51

62

5:00 a.m.

–

–

6:00 a.m.

–

–

7:00 a.m.

–

–

8:00 a.m.

–

–

9:00 a.m.

–

–

10:00 a.m.

–

–

11:00 a.m.

–

–

12:00 p.m.

–

–

1:00 p.m.

–

–

2:00 p.m.

–

–

3:00 p.m.

–

–

4:00 p.m.

–

–

5:00 p.m.

11

32

6:00 p.m.

13

21

7:00 p.m.

27

38

8:00 p.m.

58

71

9:00 p.m.

87

94

10:00 p.m.

100

100

11:00 p.m.

80

91

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Additional Data The average parking supply ratios for the one study site with parking supply information are 3.0 spaces per table and 6.9 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The sites were surveyed in the 1990s in California and New Jersey.

Source Numbers 108, 209

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

261

Billiard Hall (438) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 - 11:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 9.6

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

6.72

6.56 - 7.03

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

262

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Billiard Hall (438) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 p.m. - 12:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 6.4

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

5.31

5.31 - 5.31

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

40

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

2

4

6

8

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

263

Billiard Hall (438) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Tables On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 - 11:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Tables: 24

Peak Period Parking Demand per Table Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.69

2.37 - 2.90

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

10

20

30

X = Number of Tables

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

264

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Billiard Hall (438) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Tables On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 p.m. - 12:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Tables: 19

Peak Period Parking Demand per Table Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.79

1.79 - 1.79

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

40

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = Number of Tables

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

265

Land Use: 440 Adult Cabaret Description An adult cabaret is a nightclub with partially clothed or non-clothed live dancers (also known as an exotic dance club).

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday (two study sites) and a Saturday (two study sites) in a general urban/suburban setting. Percent of Peak Parking Demand Hour Beginning

Weekday

Saturday

12:00–4:00 a.m.

100

87

5:00 a.m.

–

–

6:00 a.m.

–

–

7:00 a.m.

–

–

8:00 a.m.

–

–

9:00 a.m.

–

–

10:00 a.m.

–

–

11:00 a.m.

–

–

12:00 p.m.

–

–

1:00 p.m.

–

–

2:00 p.m.

–

–

3:00 p.m.

–

–

4:00 p.m.

–

–

5:00 p.m.

–

–

6:00 p.m.

40

63

7:00 p.m.

58

69

8:00 p.m.

77

63

9:00 p.m.

88

76

10:00 p.m.

92

100

11:00 p.m.

94

93

Additional Data The sites were surveyed in the 1990s in California.

Source Number 314

266

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Adult Cabaret (440) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 p.m. - 1:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 5.0

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

4.82

4.76 - 4.86

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

2

4

6

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

267

Adult Cabaret (440) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 1:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 5.0

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

5.62

5.24 - 5.90

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

40

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

2

4

6

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

268

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Adult Cabaret (440) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Seats On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 p.m. - 1:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Seats: 105

Peak Period Parking Demand per Seat Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.23

0.22 - 0.24

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Seats

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

269

Adult Cabaret (440) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Seats On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 1:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Seats: 105

Peak Period Parking Demand per Seat Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.27

0.26 - 0.27

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

40

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Seats

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

270

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use: 441 Live Theater Description A live theater is an enclosed building or open-air setting at which live performances (e.g., plays, music, comedy) are presented. The facility includes a stage, backstage area, dressing rooms, seats for the audience and a lobby area.

Additional Data A data plot with number of attendees as the independent variable is used for this land use. The number of seats is not used because of the wide variability in seat occupancy. At three of the study sites, about half of the seats were occupied. For the fourth site, nearly all seats were occupied. The average parking supply ratio for the four study sites with parking supply information is 0.3 spaces per seat. The sites were surveyed in the 1990s in Tennessee.

Source Number 245

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

271

Live Theater (441) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Attendees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Rural Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 - 10:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. Num. of Attendees: 800

Peak Period Parking Demand per Attendee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.38

0.37 - 0.40

0.37 / 0.40

***

0.01 ( 3% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

500

P = Parked Vehicles

400

300

200

100

0

0

1000

2000

X = Number of Attendees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.40(X) - 10.46

272

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.99

Land Use: 444 Movie Theater Description A traditional movie theater consists of audience seating, typically less than 10 screens, a lobby, and a refreshment stand. The sites show movies on weekday afternoons and evenings as well as on weekends. Multiplex movie theater (Land Use 445) is a related use.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a non-December Friday (two study sites), a non-December Saturday (two study sites), a December Friday (two study sites), and a December Saturday (one study site). Percent of Peak Parking Demand Non–December

December

Hour Beginning

Friday

Saturday

Friday

Saturday

12:00–4:00 a.m.

24

41

20

3

5:00 a.m.

–

–

–

–

6:00 a.m.

–

–

–

–

7:00 a.m.

–

–

–

–

8:00 a.m.

–

–

–

–

9:00 a.m.

–

–

–

–

10:00 a.m.

–

–

–

–

11:00 a.m.

–

–

–

–

12:00 p.m.

7

5

15

19

1:00 p.m.

53

73

47

26

2:00 p.m.

61

77

49

62

3:00 p.m.

63

77

52

62

4:00 p.m.

63

81

59

52

5:00 p.m.

64

84

65

78

6:00 p.m.

63

86

71

80

7:00 p.m.

86

93

78

100

8:00 p.m.

99

100

100

95

9:00 p.m.

100

98

93

95

10:00 p.m.

46

39

48

44

11:00 p.m.

43

43

39

44

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

273

Additional Data A traditional theater characteristically houses a larger number of seats per screen than does a multiplex theater. For the sites in Land Use 444 with data for both number of movie screens and number of seats, the average number of seats per movie screen was 304. For the sites in Land Use 445 with data for both number of movie screens and number of seats, the average number of seats per movie screen was 225. For additional information on traditional movie theaters, refer to the ITE Informational Report, Trip Generation Characteristics of Traditional and Multiplex Movie Theaters. The average parking supply ratio for the two study sites with parking supply information is 22 spaces per 100 theater seats. The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, and the 2000s in California, New York, and Oregon.

Source Numbers 22, 163, 209, 217, 285, 419

274

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Movie Theater - Non-December (444) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Friday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 7:00 - 9:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 41

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

7.45

7.45 - 7.45

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

10

20

30

40

50

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

275

Movie Theater - Non-December (444) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Movie Screens On a: Friday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 7:00 - 9:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. Num. of Movie Screens: 7.3

Peak Period Parking Demand per Movie Screen Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

47.32

34.00 - 70.38

34.07 / 70.38

***

21.35 ( 45% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

2

4

6

8

10

X = Number of Movie Screens

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

276

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Movie Theater - Non-December (444) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Movie Screens On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 6:00 - 9:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Movie Screens: 6.5

Peak Period Parking Demand per Movie Screen Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

68.62

43.40 - 84.38

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

800

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

2

4

6

8

10

X = Number of Movie Screens

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

277

Movie Theater - Non-December (444) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Seats On a: Friday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 7:00 - 9:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. Num. of Seats: 1919

Peak Period Parking Demand per Seat Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.14

0.07 - 0.21

0.09 / 0.21

***

0.06 ( 43% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

1000

2000

3000

X = Number of Seats

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.25(X) - 202.13

278

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.83

Movie Theater - Non-December (444) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Seats On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 6:00 - 9:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. Num. of Seats: 1738

Peak Period Parking Demand per Seat Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.19

0.09 - 0.25

0.10 / 0.25

***

0.09 ( 47% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

800

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

1000

2000

3000

X = Number of Seats

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

279

Movie Theater - December (444) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Friday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 7:00 - 9:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 41

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

8.46

8.46 - 8.46

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

10

20

30

40

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

280

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

50

Movie Theater - December (444) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Movie Screens On a: Friday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 7:00 - 9:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Movie Screens: 9.0

Peak Period Parking Demand per Movie Screen Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

38.89

38.89 - 38.89

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

2

4

6

8

10

X = Number of Movie Screens

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

281

Movie Theater - December (444) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Seats On a: Friday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 7:00 - 9:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Seats: 1721

Peak Period Parking Demand per Seat Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.14

0.14 - 0.15

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

1000

2000

3000

X = Number of Seats

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

282

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Movie Theater - December (444) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Seats On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 6:00 - 9:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Seats: 865

Peak Period Parking Demand per Seat Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.21

0.19 - 0.23

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

200

400

600

800

1000

X = Number of Seats

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

283

Land Use: 445 Multiplex Movie Theater Description A multiplex movie theater consists of audience seating, a minimum of 10 screens, a lobby, and a refreshment area. The development generally has one or more of the following amenities: digital sound, tiered stadium seating, and moveable or expandable walls. Theaters included in this category are primarily stand-alone facilities with separate parking and dedicated driveways. All theaters in the category show only first-run movies or movies not previously seen through any other media. They may also have matinee showings. Movie theater (Land Use 444) is a related use.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a Friday during December (two study sites) and a Saturday during December (two study sites) in a general urban/ suburban setting. Percent of Peak Parking Demand

284

Hour Beginning

Friday in December

Saturday in December

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

–

5:00 a.m.

–

–

6:00 a.m.

–

–

7:00 a.m.

–

–

8:00 a.m.

–

–

9:00 a.m.

–

–

10:00 a.m.

–

–

11:00 a.m.

–

–

12:00 p.m.

82

–

1:00 p.m.

100

75

2:00 p.m.

98

67

3:00 p.m.

95

60

4:00 p.m.

91

75

5:00 p.m.

90

74

6:00 p.m.

87

80

7:00 p.m.

90

94

8:00 p.m.

93

100

9:00 p.m.

88

–

10:00 p.m.

67

–

11:00 p.m.

61

–

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Additional Data A multiplex theater typically houses a smaller number of seats per screen than does a traditional theater. For the sites in Land Use 445 with data for both number of movie screens and number of seats, the average number of seats per movie screen was 225. For the sites in Land Use 444 with data for both number of movie screens and number of seats, the average number of seats per movie screen was 304. For additional information on multiplex movie theaters, refer to the ITE Informational Report, Trip Generation Characteristics of Traditional and Multiplex Movie Theaters. The average parking supply ratio for the four study sites with parking supply information is 29 spaces per 100 theater seats. The sites were surveyed in the 1990s and the 2000s in California, Nevada, Oregon, and Pennsylvania.

Source Numbers 407, 419, 420, 432

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

285

Multiplex Movie Theater - December (445) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Friday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 9:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 64

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

8.55

4.93 - 13.23

7.13 / 13.23

***

3.56 ( 42% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

1000

P = Parked Vehicles

800

600

400

200

0

0

20

40

60

80

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

286

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

100

Multiplex Movie Theater - December (445) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 6:00 - 9:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 58

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

8.06

8.06 - 8.06

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

500

P = Parked Vehicles

400

300

200

100

0

0

20

40

60

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

287

Multiplex Movie Theater - December (445) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Movie Screens On a: Friday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 9:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. Num. of Movie Screens: 14

Peak Period Parking Demand per Movie Screen Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

38.14

24.81 - 51.25

31.06 / 51.25

***

11.91 ( 31% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

1000

P = Parked Vehicles

800

600

400

200

0

0

10

20

X = Number of Movie Screens

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

288

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Multiplex Movie Theater - December (445) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Movie Screens On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 6:00 - 9:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Movie Screens: 12

Peak Period Parking Demand per Movie Screen Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

41.63

33.36 - 53.20

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

10

20

X = Number of Movie Screens

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

289

Multiplex Movie Theater - December (445) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Seats On a: Friday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 9:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. Num. of Seats: 3164

Peak Period Parking Demand per Seat Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.17

0.12 - 0.28

0.14 / 0.28

***

0.07 ( 41% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

1000

P = Parked Vehicles

800

600

400

200

0

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

X = Number of Seats

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

290

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Multiplex Movie Theater - December (445) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Seats On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 6:00 - 9:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Seats: 2847

Peak Period Parking Demand per Seat Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.18

0.14 - 0.22

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

X = Number of Seats

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

291

Land Use: 464 Roller Skating Rink Description A roller skating rink is a free-standing facility used for roller skating. It may include limited spectator seating, a refreshment area, locker rooms and an arcade.

Additional Data The site was surveyed in the 1980s in Michigan.

Source Number 20

292

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Roller Skating Rink (464) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Friday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 p.m. - 12:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 29

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

5.80

5.80 - 5.80

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

10

20

30

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

293

Land Use: 465 Ice Skating Rink Description An ice skating rink is a stand-alone facility used for ice-skating-oriented sports and entertainment activities. It may contain limited spectator seating, refreshment areas, a locker room, and arcade.

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the study sites with parking supply information is 160 spaces per rink (five sites). The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, the 2000s, and the 2010s in California, New Jersey, and Utah.

Source Numbers 120, 235, 313, 516, 531

294

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Ice Skating Rink (465) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 4:00 - 11:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 43

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.18

0.42 - 4.27

0.46 / 4.27

***

1.58 ( 134% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

295

Ice Skating Rink (465) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 7:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 43

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.75

0.58 - 5.60

0.82 / 5.60

***

1.92 ( 110% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

296

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Ice Skating Rink (465) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Rinks On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 4:00 - 11:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 9 Avg. Num. of Rinks: 1.6

Peak Period Parking Demand per Rink Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

42.64

11.00 - 67.00

28.10 / 63.25

***

18.80 ( 44% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

1

2

3

X = Number of Rinks

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 60.00(X) - 27.00

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.56

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

297

Ice Skating Rink (465) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Rinks On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 7:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 9 Avg. Num. of Rinks: 1.6

Peak Period Parking Demand per Rink Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

80.50

15.00 - 144.50

52.15 / 141.50

***

44.77 ( 56% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

1

2

3

X = Number of Rinks

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

298

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use: 466 Snow Ski Area Description A snow ski area typically includes chair lifts, ski runs, and a lodge facility. Snow ski areas may also contain equipment rental facilities, refreshment areas, locker rooms, and small commercial/ office space.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a Saturday at one study site. Hour Beginning

Percent of Saturday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

–

7:00 a.m.

6

8:00 a.m.

26

9:00 a.m.

62

10:00 a.m.

79

11:00 a.m.

94

12:00 p.m.

100

1:00 p.m.

95

2:00 p.m.

81

3:00 p.m.

48

4:00 p.m.

13

5:00 p.m.

2

6:00 p.m.

–

7:00 p.m.

–

8:00 p.m.

–

9:00 p.m.

–

10:00 p.m.

–

11:00 p.m.

–

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

299

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the five study sites with parking supply information is 1.0 spaces per acre of ski trails. The sites were surveyed in the 1980s and the 2010s in Colorado and Montana. Although acres of ski trails and number of lift tickets sold are used as independent variables, many other factors can have potentially significant effects on parking demand, including special events at the site, lift ticket fees, proportion of season pass versus daily lift ticket buyers and proximity to an urban area (in other words, population available for day trips).

Source Numbers 29, 518

300

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Snow Ski Area (466) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Acres of Ski Trails On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Rural Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Acres of Ski Trails: 2000

Peak Period Parking Demand per Acre of Ski Trails Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.28

0.28 - 0.28

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

1000

2000

3000

X = Number of Acres of Ski Trails

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

301

Snow Ski Area (466) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Acres of Ski Trails On a: Saturday Setting/Location: Rural Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 5 Avg. Num. of Acres of Ski Trails: 650

Peak Period Parking Demand per Acre of Ski Trails Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.92

0.76 - 1.71

1.00 / 1.71

***

0.29 ( 32% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

2000

1000

0

0

1000

2000

3000

X = Number of Acres of Ski Trails

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.81 Ln(X) + 1.26

302

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.98

Snow Ski Area (466) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Acres of Ski Trails On a: Sunday Setting/Location: Rural Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Acres of Ski Trails: 2000

Peak Period Parking Demand per Acre of Ski Trails Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.44

0.44 - 0.44

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

1000

P = Parked Vehicles

800

600

400

200

0

0

1000

2000

3000

X = Number of Acres of Ski Trails

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

303

Snow Ski Area (466) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Daily Lift Tickets On a: Saturday Setting/Location: Rural Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. Num. of Daily Lift Tickets: 1706

Peak Period Parking Demand per Daily Lift Ticket Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.22

0.18 - 0.34

0.19 / 0.34

***

0.05 ( 23% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

800

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

X = Number of Daily Lift Tickets

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.81 Ln(X) - 0.13

304

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.97

Land Use: 473 Casino/Video Lottery Establishment Description A casino/video lottery establishment is a business that provides electronic or manually-controlled slot machines. These facilities exist for the primary purpose of deriving revenue from gaming operations. Full food service is generally not provided at these facilities; however, refreshments and alcoholic beverages may be served. These facilities do not include full-service casinos or casino/hotel facilities.

Additional Data For the purpose of Parking Generation Manual, the independent variable gaming position is defined as a seat or standing location at which an individual participates in a casino gaming activity, such as slots and video machines or table games. Table games generally average seven gaming positions per table. Because the database consists of three study sites with a wide disparity in their characteristics, a data plot is not presented. One site has a gross floor area of 64,000 square feet and 1,100 gaming positions. The site also includes 50 hotel rooms. The parking supply ratios for the site are 14 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA and 0.8 spaces per gaming position. The peak parking demand ratios on Friday are 5.8 vehicles per 1,000 square feet GFA and 0.34 vehicles per gaming position. One site has a gross floor area of 101,000 square feet and 2,000 gaming positions. The site also includes 755 hotel rooms. The parking supply ratios for the site are 30 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA and 1.5 spaces per gaming position. The peak parking demand ratios on Sunday are 29.0 vehicles per 1,000 square feet GFA and 1.46 vehicles per gaming position. One site has a gross floor area of 68,100 square feet and 1,700 gaming positions. The site also includes 1,500 hotel rooms. The parking supply ratios for the site are 64 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA and 2.6 spaces per gaming table. Peak parking demand on a Friday is 30.5 vehicles per 1,000 square feet GFA and 1.22 vehicles per gaming position. Peak parking demand on a Saturday is 35.3 vehicles per 1,000 square feet GFA and 1.42 vehicles per gaming position. Peak parking demand on a Sunday is 29.3 vehicles per 1,000 square feet GFA and 1.17 vehicles per gaming position. The sites were surveyed in the 1990s in Michigan, Mississippi, and New Jersey.

Source Number 211

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

305

Land Use: 481 Zoo Description A zoo is an establishment where live animals are kept and usually exhibited to the public for recreational purposes.

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the one study site with parking supply information is 12 spaces per acre. The site was surveyed in the 2000s in California.

Source Number 315

306

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Zoo (481) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Acres On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Acres: 30

Peak Period Parking Demand per Acre Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

8.07

8.07 - 8.07

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

10

20

30

40

X = Number of Acres

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

307

Zoo (481) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Acres On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Acres: 30

Peak Period Parking Demand per Acre Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

12.10

12.10 - 12.10

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

10

20

30

40

X = Number of Acres

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

308

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use: 482 Water Slide Park Description A water slide park contains water slides, wading pools, and refreshment stands. Some water slide parks may include picnic areas.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand for one study site on a weekday and a Saturday. Percent of Peak Parking Demand Hour Beginning

Weekday

Saturday

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

–

5:00 a.m.

–

–

6:00 a.m.

–

–

7:00 a.m.

–

–

8:00 a.m.

–

–

9:00 a.m.

–

–

10:00 a.m.

19

10

11:00 a.m.

64

36

12:00 p.m.

81

60

1:00 p.m.

89

76

2:00 p.m.

100

93

3:00 p.m.

95

100

4:00 p.m.

77

91

5:00 p.m.

63

78

6:00 p.m.

44

66

7:00 p.m.

23

51

8:00 p.m.

–

32

9:00 p.m.

–

–

10:00 p.m.

–

–

11:00 p.m.

–

–

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

309

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the two study sites with parking supply information is 86 spaces per acre. The sites were surveyed in the 1980s and the 2000s in Texas.

Source Numbers 167, 447

310

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Water Slide Park (482) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Acres On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Acres: 16

Peak Period Parking Demand per Acre Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

43.77

40.48 - 53.25

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

1000

P = Parked Vehicles

800

600

400

200

0

0

10

20

30

X = Number of Acres

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

311

Water Slide Park (482) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Acres On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 2:00 - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Acres: 16

Peak Period Parking Demand per Acre Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

78.58

61.63 - 84.48

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

2000

1000

0

0

10

20

30

X = Number of Acres

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

312

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Water Slide Park (482) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Acres On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 2:00 - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Acres: 37

Peak Period Parking Demand per Acre Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

11.68

11.68 - 11.68

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

500

P = Parked Vehicles

400

300

200

100

0

0

10

20

30

40

X = Number of Acres

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

313

Land Use: 488 Soccer Complex Description A soccer complex is an outdoor facility that is used for non-professional soccer games. It may consist of multiple fields. The size of each field within the land use may vary to accommodate games for different age groups. Ancillary amenities may include stadium seating, a fitness trail, an activities shelter, aquatic center, picnic grounds, basketball and tennis courts, and a playground. Public park (Land Use 411) is a related use. All parking demand counts in the database were taken during a tournament or league games for which a series of back-to-back games were held on each field.

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the 12 study sites with parking supply information is 41 spaces per soccer field. The sites were surveyed in the 2000s in Oregon and Washington.

Source Number 401

314

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Soccer Complex (488) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Fields On a: Friday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 4:00 - 8:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. Num. of Fields: 10.0

Peak Period Parking Demand per Field Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

59.63

42.00 - 70.80

46.82 / 70.80

***

11.39 ( 19% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

1000

P = Parked Vehicles

800

600

400

200

0

0

10

20

X = Number of Fields

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

315

Soccer Complex (488) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Fields On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 9 Avg. Num. of Fields: 5.7

Peak Period Parking Demand per Field Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

62.12

45.00 - 74.00

60.00 / 69.65

***

7.00 ( 11% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

2000

1000

0

0

10

20

X = Number of Fields

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 64.27(X) - 12.21

316

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.99

Soccer Complex (488) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Fields On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 6 Avg. Num. of Fields: 4.7

Peak Period Parking Demand per Field Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

62.29

34.00 - 74.67

46.12 / 74.31

***

15.15 ( 24% )

Data Plot and Equation 800

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

10

20

X = Number of Fields

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 70.15(X) - 36.68

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.94

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

317

Land Use: 490 Tennis Courts Description Tennis courts are indoor or outdoor facilities specifically designed for playing tennis. Tennis courts can either be public or private facilities and do not typically include any ancillary facilities other than limited spectator seating. Racquet/tennis club (Land Use 491) is a related use.

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the one study site with parking supply information is 6.2 spaces per tennis court. The site was surveyed in the 2000s in California.

Source Number 315

318

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Tennis Court (490) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Tennis Courts On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Tennis Courts: 6.0

Peak Period Parking Demand per Tennis Court Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.67

2.67 - 2.67

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

2

4

6

8

X = Number of Tennis Courts

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

319

Land Use: 491 Racquet/Tennis Club Description A racquet/tennis club is a privately-owned facility that primarily caters to racquet sports (e.g., tennis, racquetball, handball, squash), both indoor and outdoor. This land use may also provide ancillary facilities, such as a whirlpool, sauna, spa, weight room, snack bar, or retail store. Some sites offer daycare. Some sites offer competitive team sports. These facilities are membership clubs that may allow access to the general public for a fee. Tennis courts (Land Use 490), health/ fitness club (Land Use 492), athletic club (Land Use 493), and recreational community center (Land Use 495) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand for one study site on a Friday, Saturday, and Sunday in a general urban/suburban setting. Percent of Peak Parking Demand

320

Hour Beginning

Friday

Saturday

Sunday

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

–

–

5:00 a.m.

–

–

14

6:00 a.m.

–

–

46

7:00 a.m.

–

–

76

8:00 a.m.

–

100

100

9:00 a.m.

–

100

85

10:00 a.m.

59

83

78

11:00 a.m.

64

86

75

12:00 p.m.

70

94

75

1:00 p.m.

86

83

–

2:00 p.m.

94

88

–

3:00 p.m.

100

78

–

4:00 p.m.

100

65

–

5:00 p.m.

89

77

–

6:00 p.m.

65

–

–

7:00 p.m.

41

–

–

8:00 p.m.

–

–

–

9:00 p.m.

–

–

–

10:00 p.m.

–

–

–

11:00 p.m.

–

–

–

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Additional Data The average parking supply ratios for the seven study sites with parking supply information are 1.3 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA and 4.3 spaces per court. The sites were surveyed in the 1980s and the 1990s in British Columbia (CAN), New York, and Oregon.

Source Numbers 21, 22, 123, 275, 276

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

321

Racquet/Tennis Club (491) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Thursday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 54

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.98

0.74 - 1.20

0.78 / 1.20

***

0.20 ( 20% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

20

40

60

80

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 1.31(X) - 17.76

322

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.91

Racquet/Tennis Club (491) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Friday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 16

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

5.49

5.49 - 5.49

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

323

Racquet/Tennis Club (491) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 16

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

4.81

4.81 - 4.81

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

324

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Racquet/Tennis Club (491) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 - 10:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 16

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

4.49

4.49 - 4.49

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

325

Racquet/Tennis Club (491) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Tennis Courts On a: Weekday (Monday - Thursday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. Num. of Tennis Courts: 12

Peak Period Parking Demand per Tennis Court Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

4.33

3.08 - 5.54

3.46 / 5.54

***

1.08 ( 25% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

10

20

X = Number of Tennis Courts

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 5.05(X) - 8.88

326

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.76

Racquet/Tennis Club (491) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Tennis Courts On a: Friday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Tennis Courts: 12

Peak Period Parking Demand per Tennis Court Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

7.33

7.33 - 7.33

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

10

20

X = Number of Tennis Courts

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

327

Racquet/Tennis Club (491) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Tennis Courts On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Tennis Courts: 12

Peak Period Parking Demand per Tennis Court Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

6.42

6.42 - 6.42

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

10

20

X = Number of Tennis Courts

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

328

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Racquet/Tennis Club (491) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Tennis Courts On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 - 10:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Tennis Courts: 12

Peak Period Parking Demand per Tennis Court Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

6.00

6.00 - 6.00

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

10

20

X = Number of Tennis Courts

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

329

Racquet/Tennis Club (491) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Members (100) On a: Weekday (Monday - Thursday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Members (100): 5.5

Peak Period Parking Demand per Member (100) Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

10.73

8.00 - 13.00

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

2

4

6

8

X = Number of Members (100)

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

330

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Racquet/Tennis Club (491) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Members (100) On a: Friday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Members (100): 19

Peak Period Parking Demand per Member (100) Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

4.71

4.71 - 4.71

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

10

20

X = Number of Members (100)

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

331

Racquet/Tennis Club (491) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Members (100) On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Members (100): 19

Peak Period Parking Demand per Member (100) Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

4.12

4.12 - 4.12

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

10

20

X = Number of Members (100)

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

332

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Racquet/Tennis Club (491) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Members (100) On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 - 10:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Members (100): 19

Peak Period Parking Demand per Member (100) Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

3.85

3.85 - 3.85

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

10

20

X = Number of Members (100)

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

333

Racquet/Tennis Club (491) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Thursday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 26

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.15

1.15 - 1.15

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

40

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

30

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

334

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Racquet/Tennis Club (491) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Tennis Courts On a: Weekday (Monday - Thursday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Tennis Courts: 10.0

Peak Period Parking Demand per Tennis Court Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

3.00

3.00 - 3.00

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

40

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = Number of Tennis Courts

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

335

Racquet/Tennis Club (491) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Members (100) On a: Weekday (Monday - Thursday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Members (100): 20

Peak Period Parking Demand per Member (100) Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.50

1.50 - 1.50

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

40

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

30

X = Number of Members (100)

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

336

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use: 492 Health/Fitness Club Description A health/fitness club is a privately-owned facility that primarily focuses on individual fitness or training. It typically provides exercise classes, fitness equipment, a weight room, spa, locker rooms, and a small restaurant or snack bar. This land use may also include ancillary facilities, such as a swimming pool, whirlpool, sauna, limited retail, and tennis, racquetball or handball courts. These facilities are membership clubs that may allow access to the general public for a fee. Racquet/tennis club (Land Use 491), athletic club (Land Use 493), and recreational community center (Land Use 495) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday (five study sites) and a Saturday (two study sites) in a general urban/suburban setting. Percent of Peak Parking Demand Hour Beginning

Weekday

Saturday

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

–

5:00 a.m.

–

–

6:00 a.m.

–

–

7:00 a.m.

–

–

8:00 a.m.

–

80

9:00 a.m.

–

100

10:00 a.m.

62

100

11:00 a.m.

55

97

12:00 p.m.

44

79

1:00 p.m.

41

81

2:00 p.m.

36

73

3:00 p.m.

41

71

4:00 p.m.

69

70

5:00 p.m.

96

65

6:00 p.m.

100

62

7:00 p.m.

85

–

8:00 p.m.

–

–

9:00 p.m.

–

–

10:00 p.m.

–

–

11:00 p.m.

–

–

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

337

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the study sites with parking supply information are 4.3 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA (10 sites) and 14 spaces per 100 members (four sites). The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, the 2000s, and the 2010s in Arizona, California, Colorado, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, and Texas.

Source Numbers 22, 142, 164, 165, 166, 215, 229, 261, 275, 430, 433, 435, 543

338

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Health/Fitness Club (492) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 5:00 - 7:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 26 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 30

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

4.73

1.97 - 10.56

3.93 / 8.87

4.00 - 5.46

1.91 ( 40% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

20

40

60

80

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 3.33(X) + 42.58

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.58

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

339

Health/Fitness Club (492) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 6 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 40

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

3.26

2.34 - 5.79

2.59 / 5.67

***

1.28 ( 39% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

20

40

60

80

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.89 Ln(X) + 1.56

340

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.75

Health/Fitness Club (492) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Members (100) On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 5:00 - 7:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. Num. of Members (100): 17

Peak Period Parking Demand per Member (100) Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

9.91

8.63 - 22.25

9.07 / 22.25

***

3.70 ( 37% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

10

20

30

40

X = Number of Members (100)

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 7.81(X) + 35.27

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.97

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

341

Land Use: 493 Athletic Club Description An athletic club is a privately-owned facility that offers comprehensive athletic facilities. An athletic club typically has courts for racquet sports (e.g., tennis, racquetball, squash, handball); a basketball court; a sauna or spa; and fitness, exercise, and weightlifting rooms. They often provide a swimming pool or whirlpool. They often offer diverse, competitive team sport activities and social facilities. These facilities are membership clubs that may allow access to the general public for a fee. Racquet/ tennis club (Land Use 491), health/fitness club (Land Use 492), and recreational community center (Land Use 495) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at two study sites in a general urban/suburban setting.

342

Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

20

7:00 a.m.

35

8:00 a.m.

34

9:00 a.m.

27

10:00 a.m.

32

11:00 a.m.

34

12:00 p.m.

39

1:00 p.m.

45

2:00 p.m.

38

3:00 p.m.

47

4:00 p.m.

48

5:00 p.m.

64

6:00 p.m.

100

7:00 p.m.

–

8:00 p.m.

–

9:00 p.m.

–

10:00 p.m.

–

11:00 p.m.

–

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Additional Data The average parking supply ratios for the study sites with parking supply information are 3.4 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA (nine sites) and 7.6 spaces per 100 members (seven sites). The sites were surveyed in the 1980s and the 1990s in Arizona, Colorado, Georgia, Minnesota, and Oregon.

Source Numbers 142, 165, 259, 275, 276, 435

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

343

Athletic Club (493) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 4:00 - 7:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 12 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 51

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

3.05

1.48 - 5.20

2.19 / 5.01

***

1.31 ( 43% )

Data Plot and Equation 400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 2.01(X) + 52.63

344

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.55

Athletic Club (493) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Tennis Courts On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 4:00 - 7:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 7 Avg. Num. of Tennis Courts: 15

Peak Period Parking Demand per Tennis Court Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

9.16

4.03 - 18.08

6.85 / 17.04

***

5.12 ( 56% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

10

20

30

40

X = Number of Tennis Courts

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

345

Athletic Club (493) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Members (100) On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 4:00 - 7:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 8 Avg. Num. of Members (100): 18

Peak Period Parking Demand per Member (100) Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

8.39

4.26 - 13.54

4.81 / 13.31

***

4.02 ( 48% )

Data Plot and Equation 400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

10

20

30

40

X = Number of Members (100)

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.77 Ln(X) + 2.73

346

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.52

Land Use: 495 Recreational Community Center Description A recreational community center is a stand-alone public facility similar to and including YMCAs. These facilities often include classes and clubs for adults and children; a day care or nursery school; meeting rooms and other social facilities; swimming pools and whirlpools; saunas; tennis, racquetball, handball, basketball and volleyball courts; outdoor athletic fields/courts; exercise classes; weightlifting and gymnastics equipment; locker rooms; and a restaurant or snack bar. Public access is typically allowed and a membership fee may be charged. Racquet/tennis club (Land Use 491), health/fitness club (Land Use 492), and athletic club (Land Use 493) are related land uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday (three study sites), a Saturday (one study site), and a Sunday (one study site) in a general urban/suburban setting. Percent of Peak Parking Demand Hour Beginning

Weekday

Saturday

Sunday

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

–

–

5:00 a.m.

–

–

–

6:00 a.m.

–

–

–

7:00 a.m.

58

50

–

8:00 a.m.

72

75

–

9:00 a.m.

95

100

–

10:00 a.m.

94

89

–

11:00 a.m.

95

80

11

12:00 p.m.

83

68

43

1:00 p.m.

65

60

69

2:00 p.m.

56

60

84

3:00 p.m.

64

53

100

4:00 p.m.

75

52

75

5:00 p.m.

84

49

–

6:00 p.m.

100

50

–

7:00 p.m.

99

50

–

8:00 p.m.

–

–

–

9:00 p.m.

–

–

–

10:00 p.m.

–

–

–

11:00 p.m.

–

–

–

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

347

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for seven study sites in a general urban/suburban setting is 2.7 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. For one site in a dense multi-use urban setting, the parking supply ratio is 1.2 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, the 2000s, and the 2010s in Colorado, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and Utah.

Source Numbers 138, 276, 431, 514, 516, 530, 555

348

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Recreational Community Center (495) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.; 5:00 - 8:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 10 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 57

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.07

1.40 - 4.77

1.69 / 3.78

***

0.88 ( 43% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 1.06(X) + 57.24

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.58

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

349

Recreational Community Center (495) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 72

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.90

1.71 - 1.95

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

350

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Recreational Community Center (495) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 2:00 - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 45

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

4.00

4.00 - 4.00

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

10

20

30

40

50

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

351

Recreational Community Center (495) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Members (100) On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.; 5:00 - 8:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Members (100): 62

Peak Period Parking Demand per Member (100) Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.29

1.66 - 6.87

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Members (100)

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

352

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Recreational Community Center (495) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Members (100) On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Members (100): 62

Peak Period Parking Demand per Member (100) Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.20

1.95 - 4.00

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Members (100)

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

353

Recreational Community Center (495) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.; 5:00 - 8:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 40

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.15

1.15 - 1.15

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

50

P = Parked Vehicles

40

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

30

40

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

354

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

50

Land Use: 520 Elementary School Description An elementary school typically serves students attending kindergarten through the fifth or sixth grade. An elementary school is usually centrally located in a residential community in order to facilitate student access. This land use consists of schools where bus service is usually provided to students living beyond a specified distance from the school. Both public and private elementary schools are included in this land use. Middle school/junior high school (Land Use 522), high school (Land Use 530), and private school (K–12) (Land Use 536) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at 10 study sites in a general urban/suburban setting. Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

–

7:00 a.m.

60

8:00 a.m.

100

9:00 a.m.

96

10:00 a.m.

95

11:00 a.m.

96

12:00 p.m.

94

1:00 p.m.

96

2:00 p.m.

96

3:00 p.m.

74

4:00 p.m.

52

5:00 p.m.

29

6:00 p.m.

–

7:00 p.m.

–

8:00 p.m.

–

9:00 p.m.

–

10:00 p.m.

–

11:00 p.m.

–

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

355

Additional Data Elementary school students generally used school buses more than regular transit and were dropped off and picked up more than high school students, who were apt to walk longer distances, ride bicycles, or, in some cases, drive to school. The percentage of students at the sites who were transported to school via bus varied considerably. Due to the varied transit and school bus usage at these sites, it is desirable that future studies report additional detail on the percentage of students who were bused to school and the percentage that were dropped off and picked up. The elementary schools surveyed exhibited significant variations in terms of facilities provided. Because the ratio of floor space to student population varied widely among the schools surveyed, the number of students may be a more reliable independent variable on which to establish parking generation rates. Caution should be exercised when using these ratios, as the parking demand data are intended to only include vehicles that are parked in designated spaces, NOT vehicles queued or backed up associated with pick up and drop off. The average parking supply ratio for the eight study sites with parking supply information is 12 spaces per 100 students. The sites were surveyed in the 1990s, the 2000s, and the 2010s in Alabama, California, Hawaii, Minnesota, Oklahoma, and Oregon. For all school uses, it is important to collect data on the size of the building and total number of students, faculty and employees in order to accurately measure parking demand for the site. Additional parking demand observations should include evening hours and when special events occur at the site (for example, special programs or sports field usage). If available, the type of the event or number of sports fields in use should be documented. To assist in future analysis of this land use, it is important to report information on the existence of school bus service and the percentage of students using bus service.

Source Numbers 118, 315, 409, 517, 520, 555

356

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Elementary School (520) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Students On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 10 Avg. Num. of Students: 433

Peak Period Parking Demand per Student Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.13

0.06 - 0.24

0.11 / 0.20

***

0.05 ( 38% )

Data Plot and Equation 100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

200

400

600

800

X = Number of Students

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

357

Elementary School (520) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 6 Avg. Num. of Employees: 50

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.95

0.43 - 1.65

0.78 / 1.64

***

0.48 ( 51% )

Data Plot and Equation 100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

20

40

60

80

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

358

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

100

Land Use: 522 Middle School/Junior High School Description A middle or junior high school serves students who have completed elementary school and have not yet entered high school. Both public and private middle schools/junior high schools are included in this land use. Elementary school (Land Use 520), high school (Land Use 530), and private school (K–12) (Land Use 536) are related uses.

Additional Data The middle school/junior high schools surveyed exhibited significant variations in terms of facilities provided. Because the ratio of floor space to student population varied widely among the schools surveyed, the number of students may be a more reliable independent variable on which to establish parking generation rates. Caution should be exercised when using these ratios, as the parking demand data are intended to only include vehicles that are parked in designated spaces, NOT vehicles queued or backed up associated with pick up and drop off. The average parking supply ratio for the four study sites with parking supply information is 15 spaces per 100 students. The sites were surveyed in the 2000s and the 2010s in California, Colorado, and Washington. For all school uses, it is important to collect data on the size of the building and total number of students, faculty and employees in order to accurately measure parking demand for the site. Additional parking demand observations should include evening hours and when special events occur at the site (for example, special programs or sports field usage). If available, the type of the event or number of sports fields in use should be documented. To assist in future analysis of this land use, it is important to report information on the existence of school bus service and the percentage of students using bus service.

Source Numbers 401, 427, 527

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

359

Middle School/Junior High School (522) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Students On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. Num. of Students: 845

Peak Period Parking Demand per Student Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.09

0.07 - 0.12

0.08 / 0.12

***

0.02 ( 22% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

1000

2000

X = Number of Students

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.56 Ln(X) + 0.59

360

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.81

Middle School/Junior High School (522) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Employees: 52

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.40

1.23 - 1.83

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

20

40

60

80

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

361

Land Use: 530 High School Description A high school serves students who have completed middle or junior high school. Both public and private high schools are included in this land use. Elementary school (Land Use 520), middle school/ junior high school (Land Use 522), and private school (K–12) (Land Use 536) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at five study sites in a general urban/suburban setting.

362

Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

1

5:00 a.m.

1

6:00 a.m.

3

7:00 a.m.

27

8:00 a.m.

79

9:00 a.m.

99

10:00 a.m.

99

11:00 a.m.

100

12:00 p.m.

99

1:00 p.m.

97

2:00 p.m.

99

3:00 p.m.

97

4:00 p.m.

57

5:00 p.m.

49

6:00 p.m.

21

7:00 p.m.

8

8:00 p.m.

1

9:00 p.m.

1

10:00 p.m.

1

11:00 p.m.

1

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Additional Data The high schools surveyed exhibited significant variations in terms of facilities provided. Because the ratio of floor space to student population varied widely among the schools surveyed, the number of students may be a more reliable independent variable on which to establish parking generation rates. Caution should be exercised when using these ratios, as the parking demand data are intended to only include vehicles that are parked in designated spaces, NOT vehicles queued or backed up associated with pick up and drop off. The average parking supply ratio for 12 study sites in a general urban/suburban setting is 38 spaces per 100 students. The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, the 2000s, and the 2010s in Arizona, California, Illinois, Minnesota, Oregon, and Pennsylvania. For all school uses, it is important to collect data on the size of the building and total number of students, faculty and employees in order to accurately measure parking demand for the site. Additional parking demand observations should include evening hours and when special events occur at the site (for example, special programs or sports field usage). If available, the type of the event or number of sports fields in use should be documented. To assist in future analysis of this land use, it is important to report information on the existence of school bus service and the percentage of students using bus service.

Source Numbers 158, 202, 205, 276, 313, 434, 502, 540, 554, 557

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

363

High School (530) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Students On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 14 Avg. Num. of Students: 1096

Peak Period Parking Demand per Student Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.26

0.16 - 0.34

0.25 / 0.32

***

0.05 ( 19% )

Data Plot and Equation 800

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

1000

2000

X = Number of Students

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.94 Ln(X) - 0.93

364

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.95

Land Use: 536 Private School (K–12) Description A private school (K–12) primarily serves students attending kindergarten through the 12th grade but may also include those beginning with pre–K classes. These schools may also offer extended care and day care. Students may travel a long distance to get to private schools. Elementary school (Land Use 520), middle school/junior high school (Land Use 522), and high school (Land Use 530) are related uses.

Additional Data The private (K–12) schools surveyed exhibited significant variations in terms of facilities provided. Because the ratio of floor space to student population varied widely among the schools surveyed, the number of students may be a more reliable independent variable on which to establish parking generation rates. Caution should be exercised when using these ratios, as the parking demand data are intended to only include vehicles that are parked in designated spaces, NOT vehicles queued or backed up associated with pick up and drop off. The sites were surveyed in the 1990s, the 2000s, and the 2010s in California and Oregon. For all school uses, it is important to collect data on the size of the building and total number of students, faculty and employees in order to accurately measure parking demand for the site. Additional parking demand observations should include evening hours and when special events occur at the site (for example, special programs or sports field usage). If available, the type of the event or number of sports fields in use should be documented. To assist in future analysis of this land use, it is important to report information on the existence of school bus service and the percentage of students using bus service.

Source Numbers 315, 400, 502

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

365

Private School (K-12) (536) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Students On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. Num. of Students: 578

Peak Period Parking Demand per Student Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.35

0.28 - 0.42

0.31 / 0.42

***

0.08 ( 23% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

200

400

600

800

X = Number of Students

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

366

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use: 538 School District Office Description A school district office is an administrative office building that provides services and support to parents, students, and the community. School district offices typically offer centralized services for multiple schools in a district including staff training, purchasing, technology services, strategic planning, public information, student transportation, and student assessments.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at 11 study sites in a general urban/suburban setting. Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

0

5:00 a.m.

0

6:00 a.m.

0

7:00 a.m.

2

8:00 a.m.

61

9:00 a.m.

78

10:00 a.m.

83

11:00 a.m.

79

12:00 p.m.

61

1:00 p.m.

73

2:00 p.m.

90

3:00 p.m.

100

4:00 p.m.

88

5:00 p.m.

25

6:00 p.m.

0

7:00 p.m.

0

8:00 p.m.

0

9:00 p.m.

0

10:00 p.m.

0

11:00 p.m.

0

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

367

Additional Data The sites were surveyed in the 2010s in Texas.

Source Number 570

368

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

School District Office (538) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 10 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 19

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.36

1.26 - 3.31

2.13 / 3.00

***

0.43 ( 18% )

Data Plot and Equation 100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

10

20

30

40

50

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 2.29(X) + 1.25

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.94

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

369

School District Office (538) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 9 Avg. Num. of Employees: 27

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.13

0.74 - 1.44

1.12 / 1.42

***

0.24 ( 21% )

Data Plot and Equation 80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

20

40

60

80

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.95 Ln(X) + 0.31

370

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.96

School District Office (538) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Students (1,000) On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 11 Avg. Num. of Students (1,000): 6.0

Peak Period Parking Demand per Student (1,000) Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

6.95

3.10 - 13.03

6.33 / 10.50

***

3.16 ( 45% )

Data Plot and Equation 100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

10

20

X = Number of Students (1,000)

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.98 Ln(X) + 1.91

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.80

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

371

Land Use: 540 Junior/Community College Description This land use includes two-year junior, community, and technical colleges. Four-year (or more) colleges or universities are included in university/college (Land Use 550). A number of two-year institutions have sizable evening programs.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at 4 study sites in a general urban/suburban setting.

372

Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

–

7:00 a.m.

–

8:00 a.m.

63

9:00 a.m.

87

10:00 a.m.

100

11:00 a.m.

100

12:00 p.m.

98

1:00 p.m.

97

2:00 p.m.

93

3:00 p.m.

76

4:00 p.m.

66

5:00 p.m.

–

6:00 p.m.

–

7:00 p.m.

–

8:00 p.m.

–

9:00 p.m.

–

10:00 p.m.

–

11:00 p.m.

–

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Additional Data The average parking supply ratios for the study sites with parking supply information are shown in the table below. Parking Supply Ratio Setting Dense Multi-Use Urban General Urban/ Suburban

Proximity to Rail Transit

Per School Population

Per Student

Within ½ mile of rail transit

N.A.

N.A.

Not within ½ mile of rail transit

0.18 (1 site)

0.20 (1 site)

Within ½ mile of rail transit

0.14 (1 site)

0.15 (1 site)

Not within ½ mile of rail transit

0.21 (11 sites)

0.23 (9 sites)

The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, the 2000s, and the 2010s in British Columbia (CAN), California, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, and Oregon. Future studies should provide information on any existing parking program, parking permit fees, or transportation demand management programs.

Source Numbers 37, 39, 211, 237, 249, 276, 313, 314, 315, 430, 534

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

373

Junior/Community College (540) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Students On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 10 Avg. Num. of Students: 12062

Peak Period Parking Demand per Student Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.20

0.13 - 0.49

0.16 / 0.43

***

0.08 ( 40% )

Data Plot and Equation 8000

P = Parked Vehicles

6000

4000

2000

0

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

X = Number of Students

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.20(X) + 0.08

374

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.86

Junior/Community College (540) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: School Population On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 12 Avg. Num. of School Population: 10636

Peak Period Parking Demand per School Population Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.17

0.12 - 0.36

0.15 / 0.25

***

0.06 ( 35% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

3000

2000

1000

0

0

10000

20000

X = Number of School Population

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.98 Ln(X) - 1.58

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.89

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

375

Junior/Community College (540) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 5 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 460

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

3.71

2.61 - 5.47

3.10 / 5.47

***

1.09 ( 29% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

3000

2000

1000

0

0

200

400

600

800

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 2.67(X) + 481.13

376

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.64

Junior/Community College (540) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 8 Avg. Num. of Employees: 740

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.52

1.95 - 3.32

2.30 / 3.19

***

0.50 ( 20% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

3000

2000

1000

0

0

1000

2000

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 2.22(X) + 220.04

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.79

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

377

Junior/Community College (540) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Students On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Students: 16011

Peak Period Parking Demand per Student Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.17

0.17 - 0.17

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

3000

2000

1000

0

0

10000

20000

X = Number of Students

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

378

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Junior/Community College (540) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: School Population On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of School Population: 18052

Peak Period Parking Demand per School Population Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.15

0.15 - 0.15

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

3000

2000

1000

0

0

10000

20000

X = Number of School Population

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

379

Junior/Community College (540) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Employees: 2041

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.35

1.35 - 1.35

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

3000

2000

1000

0

0

1000

2000

3000

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

380

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use: 550 University/College Description This land use includes four-year universities or colleges that may or may not offer graduate programs. Two-year junior, community, and technical colleges are included in junior/community college (Land Use 540).

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at eight study sites in a general urban/suburban setting. Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

–

7:00 a.m.

–

8:00 a.m.

–

9:00 a.m.

85

10:00 a.m.

98

11:00 a.m.

100

12:00 p.m.

96

1:00 p.m.

94

2:00 p.m.

90

3:00 p.m.

81

4:00 p.m.

–

5:00 p.m.

–

6:00 p.m.

–

7:00 p.m.

–

8:00 p.m.

–

9:00 p.m.

–

10:00 p.m.

–

11:00 p.m.

–

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

381

Additional Data The average parking supply ratios for the study sites with parking supply information are shown in the table below. Parking Supply Ratio Setting

Proximity to Rail Transit

Per School Population

Per Student

Center City Core

Within ½ mile of rail transit

0.17 (1 site)

0.20 (1 site)

Dense Multi-Use Urban

Within ½ mile of rail transit

0.19 (1 site)

0.21 (1 site)

Not within ½ mile of rail transit

0.25 (1 site)

0.36 (1 site)

Within ½ mile of rail transit

0.40 (2 sites)

0.46 (2 sites)

Not within ½ mile of rail transit

0.32 (10 sites)

0.40 (10 sites)

General Urban/ Suburban

The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, the 2000s, and the 2010s in California, Colorado, Florida, Missouri, North Carolina, Ohio, Ontario (CAN), Oregon, Pennsylvania, Washington, and West Virginia. Future studies should provide information on any existing parking program, parking permit fees or transportation demand management programs.

Source Numbers 38, 49, 119, 169, 211, 276, 313, 315, 430, 431, 552

382

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

University/College (550) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Students On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 13 Avg. Num. of Students: 10034

Peak Period Parking Demand per Student Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.33

0.16 - 0.79

0.28 / 0.45

***

0.12 ( 36% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

20000

10000

0

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

X = Number of Students

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.32(X) + 143.48

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.86

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

383

University/College (550) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: School Population On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 12 Avg. Num. of School Population: 12219

Peak Period Parking Demand per School Population Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.28

0.15 - 0.57

0.25 / 0.39

***

0.10 ( 36% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

20000

10000

0

0

10000

20000

30000

40000

X = Number of School Population

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.89 Ln(X) - 0.25

384

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.89

University/College (550) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Students On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Students: 11111

Peak Period Parking Demand per Student Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.21

0.17 - 0.27

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

3000

2000

1000

0

0

10000

20000

X = Number of Students

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

385

University/College (550) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: School Population On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of School Population: 13726

Peak Period Parking Demand per School Population Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.17

0.15 - 0.19

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

3000

2000

1000

0

0

10000

20000

X = Number of School Population

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

386

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

University/College (550) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Students On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Center City Core Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Students: 8015

Peak Period Parking Demand per Student Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.18

0.18 - 0.18

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

2000

1000

0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

X = Number of Students

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

387

University/College (550) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: School Population On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Center City Core Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of School Population: 9406

Peak Period Parking Demand per School Population Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.16

0.16 - 0.16

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

2000

1000

0

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

X = Number of School Population

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

388

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

10000

Land Use: 560 Church Description A church is a building in which public worship services are held. A church houses an assembly hall or sanctuary; it may also house meeting rooms, classrooms, and, occasionally, dining, catering, or party facilities. Synagogue (Land Use 561) and mosque (Land Use 562) are related uses.

Additional Data Worship services are typically held on Sundays. Some of the surveyed churches offered day care or extended care programs during the week. The peak hours for parking demand at the sites have a direct relation to the specific schedule for church services. The average parking supply ratios for the study sites with parking supply information are 11 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA (12 sites) and 31 spaces per 100 seats (13 sites). The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, and the 2000s in California, Illinois, New Jersey, New York, Oklahoma, and Pennsylvania. Future studies should include weekday data that encompass group activities (such as, youth groups, study groups, retreats) as well as base employee data. It is also important to collect attendance data for the survey days.

Source Numbers 3, 8, 14, 43, 157, 201, 313, 314, 432

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

389

Church (560) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 1:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 13 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 12

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

9.44

2.36 - 17.32

3.88 / 16.70

***

5.63 ( 60% )

Data Plot and Equation 400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

10

20

30

40

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

390

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Church (560) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Attendees On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. (single count) Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Attendees: 92

Peak Period Parking Demand per Attendee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.37

0.32 - 0.40

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

50

P = Parked Vehicles

40

30

20

10

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Attendees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

391

Church (560) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Attendees On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 1:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 17 Avg. Num. of Attendees: 402

Peak Period Parking Demand per Attendee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.48

0.12 - 0.71

0.41 / 0.61

***

0.15 ( 31% )

Data Plot and Equation 800

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

1000

2000

X = Number of Attendees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.48(X) - 2.06

392

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.89

Church (560) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Seats On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 1:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 11 Avg. Num. of Seats: 369

Peak Period Parking Demand per Seat Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.22

0.13 - 0.65

0.15 / 0.34

***

0.15 ( 68% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

1000

2000

X = Number of Seats

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

393

Land Use: 561 Synagogue Description A synagogue is a building in which public worship services are held. A synagogue may also house a sanctuary, meeting rooms, classrooms and, occasionally, dining, catering, or party facilities. Church (Land Use 560) and mosque (Land Use 562) are related uses.

Additional Data The site was surveyed in the 1990s in California. Future studies should include weekday data that encompass group activities (such as, youth groups, study groups, retreats) as well as base employee data. It is also important to collect attendance data for the days of the surveys.

Source Number 313

394

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Synagogue (561) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Attendees On a: Friday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 7:00 - 9:00 p.m. (single count) Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Attendees: 132

Peak Period Parking Demand per Attendee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.41

0.41 - 0.41

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Attendees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

395

Land Use: 562 Mosque Description A mosque is a building in which public worship services are held. A mosque houses an assembly hall and sanctuary. It may also house meeting rooms, classrooms, and dining facilities. Church (Land Use 560) and synagogue (Land Use 561) are related uses.

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the one study site with parking supply information is 12 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 2000s, and the 2010s in Arizona, California, New York, and Ontario (CAN). Worship services are typically held on Fridays. Future studies should include weekday data that encompass group activities (such as, youth groups, study groups, retreats) as well as base employee data. It is also important to collect attendance data for the days of the surveys.

Source Numbers 21, 435, 446, 510

396

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Mosque (562) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Friday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 2:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 4.1

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

19.22

12.50 - 30.20

14.46 / 30.20

***

7.65 ( 40% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

2

4

6

8

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 16.03(X) + 13.07

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.58

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

397

Land Use: 565 Day Care Center Description A day care center is a facility where care for pre-school age children is provided, normally during the daytime hours. Day care facilities generally include classrooms, offices, eating areas, and playgrounds. Some centers also provide after-school care for school-age children.

Additional Data The average parking supply ratios for the 29 study sites with parking supply information are 3.3 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA, 1.3 spaces per employee, and 0.21 spaces per student. The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, the 2000s, and the 2010s in California, Kansas, Minnesota, New Jersey, North Carolina, Oregon, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and Washington.

Source Numbers 30, 221, 223, 289, 291, 433, 555, 556, 557, 563

398

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Day Care Center (565) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 45 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 5.0

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.45

0.73 - 8.67

2.35 / 3.74

2.12 - 2.78

1.12 ( 46% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

399

Day Care Center (565) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 49 Avg. Num. of Employees: 15

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.22

0.50 - 2.75

1.09 / 1.78

1.10 - 1.34

0.42 ( 34% )

Data Plot and Equation 80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

20

40

60

80

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 1.19(X) + 0.34

400

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.84

Day Care Center (565) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Students On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 39 Avg. Num. of Students: 85

Peak Period Parking Demand per Student Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.24

0.09 - 0.51

0.19 / 0.34

0.21 - 0.27

0.10 ( 42% )

Data Plot and Equation 80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Students

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.30(X) - 4.69

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.72

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

401

Day Care Center (565) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 5.1

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.18

1.18 - 1.18

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

8

P = Parked Vehicles

6

4

2

0

0

2

4

6

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

402

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Day Care Center (565) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Employees: 10.0

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.60

0.60 - 0.60

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

8

P = Parked Vehicles

6

4

2

0

0

10

20

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

403

Land Use: 580 Museum Description A museum is a facility that includes displays, shows, exhibits, and/or demonstration of historical, science, nature, art, entertainment, or other cultural significance. Museums can vary widely as to type and clientele.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday (three study sites), a Saturday (two study sites), and a Sunday (two study sites). Percent of Peak Parking Demand

404

Hour Beginning

Weekday

Saturday

Sunday

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

–

–

5:00 a.m.

–

–

–

6:00 a.m.

–

–

–

7:00 a.m.

–

–

–

8:00 a.m.

30

–

–

9:00 a.m.

51

–

–

10:00 a.m.

88

24

11

11:00 a.m.

100

47

28

12:00 p.m.

90

75

41

1:00 p.m.

84

80

93

2:00 p.m.

79

99

98

3:00 p.m.

71

100

100

4:00 p.m.

–

81

59

5:00 p.m.

–

51

–

6:00 p.m.

–

–

–

7:00 p.m.

–

–

–

8:00 p.m.

–

–

–

9:00 p.m.

–

–

–

10:00 p.m.

–

–

–

11:00 p.m.

–

–

–

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the seven study sites with parking supply information is 3.3 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The sites were surveyed in the 1990s, the 2000s, and the 2010s in California, Florida, Georgia, Michigan, Oregon, and Tennessee. For this land use, it is important to collect data on the actual number of visitors on the survey date. Due to variations in the types of sites in the database, caution should be exercised when using the average parking demand rates.

Source Numbers 168, 210, 212, 315, 419, 503

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

405

Museum (580) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 136

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.76

0.61 - 1.34

0.62 / 1.34

***

0.34 ( 45% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

406

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Museum (580) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 136

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.92

0.87 - 0.95

0.89 / 0.95

***

0.03 ( 3% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

407

Museum (580) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Attendees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Attendees: 248

Peak Period Parking Demand per Attendee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.42

0.42 - 0.42

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Attendees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

408

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Museum (580) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Attendees On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Attendees: 440

Peak Period Parking Demand per Attendee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.15

0.15 - 0.15

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

300

400

500

X = Number of Attendees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

409

Museum (580) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 78

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.98

0.85 - 1.10

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

20

40

60

80

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

410

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

100

Museum (580) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 219

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.50

2.50 - 2.50

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

100

200

300

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

411

Museum (580) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Sunday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 152

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

4.34

2.07 - 10.18

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

1000

P = Parked Vehicles

800

600

400

200

0

0

100

200

300

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

412

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Museum (580) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Attendees On a: Saturday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Attendees: 2716

Peak Period Parking Demand per Attendee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.20

0.20 - 0.20

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

1000

2000

3000

X = Number of Attendees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

413

Museum (580) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Attendees On a: Sunday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Attendees: 2438

Peak Period Parking Demand per Attendee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.19

0.19 - 0.19

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

500

P = Parked Vehicles

400

300

200

100

0

0

1000

2000

3000

X = Number of Attendees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

414

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use: 590 Library Description A library can be either a public or private facility that consists of shelved books and reading rooms or areas. A library may also provide meeting rooms.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at three study sites in a general urban/suburban setting. Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

–

7:00 a.m.

–

8:00 a.m.

–

9:00 a.m.

–

10:00 a.m.

76

11:00 a.m.

87

12:00 p.m.

79

1:00 p.m.

100

2:00 p.m.

88

3:00 p.m.

95

4:00 p.m.

78

5:00 p.m.

79

6:00 p.m.

–

7:00 p.m.

–

8:00 p.m.

–

9:00 p.m.

–

10:00 p.m.

–

11:00 p.m.

–

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

415

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the nine study sites with parking supply information is 2.5 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, and the 2000s in California, Illinois, Oregon, Tennessee, and Washington.

Source Numbers 11, 211, 224, 400, 438

416

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Library (590) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 8 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 32

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.35

1.11 - 4.67

1.99 / 4.48

***

1.27 ( 54% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.89 Ln(X) + 1.21

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.74

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

417

Library (590) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 36

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.68

1.12 - 3.33

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

20

40

60

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

418

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Library (590) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 36

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.86

1.00 - 4.44

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

20

40

60

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

419

Library (590) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Employees: 18

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.11

2.11 - 2.11

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

40

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

420

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Library (590) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Employees: 46

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.33

1.33 - 1.33

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

10

20

30

40

50

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

421

Library (590) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Employees: 46

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.17

1.17 - 1.17

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

10

20

30

40

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

422

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

50

Land Use: 595 Convention Center Description A convention center is a facility that provides space for conventions, trade shows, consumer shows, meetings, and special events.

Additional Data The peak period for parking demand at a convention center is closely tied to the specific event being hosted and its attendees. A trade show or consumer show may attract a significant proportion of its attendees from the local area who have the option to use a personal passenger vehicle and park at the convention center. In contrast, a convention or annual meeting may draw more attendees from outside the local area and may have a lower parking demand rate per attendee. The time period for peak parking demand at a convention center can vary widely as a result of the schedule for events such as keynote addresses, luncheons, and receptions. No information on building size was provided for the single study site. The site was surveyed in the 1990s in Oregon.

Source Number 158

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

423

Convention Center (595) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Attendees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Center City Core Peak Period of Parking Demand: Not Available Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Attendees: 1975

Peak Period Parking Demand per Attendee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.31

0.31 - 0.31

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

800

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

1000

2000

X = Number of Attendees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

424

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Convention Center (595) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Attendees On a: Sunday Setting/Location: Center City Core Peak Period of Parking Demand: Not Available Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Attendees: 2750

Peak Period Parking Demand per Attendee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.40

0.36 - 0.44

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

2000

1000

0

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

X = Number of Attendees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

425

Land Use: 610 Hospital Description A hospital is any institution where medical or surgical care and overnight accommodations are provided to non-ambulatory and ambulatory patients. However, the term “hospital” does not refer to medical clinics (facilities that provide diagnoses and outpatient care only) or nursing homes (facilities devoted to the care of persons unable to care for themselves), which are covered elsewhere in this report. Surgery center (Land Use 612) and clinic (Land Use 630) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at 29 study sites.

426

Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

–

7:00 a.m.

49

8:00 a.m.

75

9:00 a.m.

94

10:00 a.m.

98

11:00 a.m.

98

12:00 p.m.

97

1:00 p.m.

98

2:00 p.m.

100

3:00 p.m.

96

4:00 p.m.

76

5:00 p.m.

58

6:00 p.m.

–

7:00 p.m.

–

8:00 p.m.

–

9:00 p.m.

–

10:00 p.m.

–

11:00 p.m.

–

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Additional Data The average parking supply ratios for the study sites with parking supply information are as follows: ●● In a general urban/suburban setting, 2.6 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA (11 sites), 0.75 spaces per employee (29 sites), and 4.2 spaces per bed (52 sites) ●● In a dense multi-use urban setting, 2.1 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA (3 sites), 0.73 spaces per employee (10 sites), and 4.0 spaces per bed (13 sites) ●● In a center city core setting, 0.63 spaces per employee (one site) and 2.7 spaces per bed (one site) The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, and the 2000s in Alabama, Arizona, British Columbia (CAN), California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Nebraska, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Ontario (CAN), Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico, Saskatchewan (CAN), Tennessee, Texas, Wisconsin, and West Virginia.

Source Numbers 37, 38, 48, 49, 53, 56, 168, 170, 208, 210, 211, 212, 293, 313, 315, 431, 438

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

427

Hospital (610) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 11 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 383

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.25

1.28 - 3.83

1.88 / 3.50

***

0.73 ( 32% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

3000

2000

1000

0

0

200

400

600

800

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 2.15(X) + 38.98

428

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.72

1000

Hospital (610) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Beds On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 53 Avg. Num. of Beds: 386

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bed Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

3.74

1.06 - 9.23

2.97 / 5.96

3.33 - 4.15

1.53 ( 41% )

Data Plot and Equation 4000

P = Parked Vehicles

3000

2000

1000

0

0

1000

2000

X = Number of Beds

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.86 Ln(X) + 2.11

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.58

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

429

Hospital (610) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Beds On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 3:00 - 4:00 p.m. (single count) Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Beds: 375

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bed Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.75

0.75 - 0.75

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

400

X = Number of Beds

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

430

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Hospital (610) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Beds On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 14 Avg. Num. of Occupied Beds: 299

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Bed Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

5.44

3.16 - 9.83

4.36 / 8.40

***

1.87 ( 34% )

Data Plot and Equation 4000

P = Parked Vehicles

3000

2000

1000

0

0

200

400

600

800

X = Number of Occupied Beds

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 4.34(X) + 330.54

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.74

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

431

Hospital (610) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 30 Avg. Num. of Employees: 2055

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.73

0.31 - 1.71

0.61 / 1.05

0.65 - 0.81

0.21 ( 29% )

Data Plot and Equation 4000

P = Parked Vehicles

3000

2000

1000

0

0

2000

4000

6000

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.63(X) + 195.65

432

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.78

Hospital (610) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 1269

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.40

1.03 - 1.75

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

3000

2000

1000

0

0

1000

2000

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

433

Hospital (610) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Beds On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 13 Avg. Num. of Beds: 581

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bed Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

3.22

1.36 - 4.98

2.69 / 4.76

***

1.26 ( 39% )

Data Plot and Equation 5000

P = Parked Vehicles

4000

3000

2000

1000

0

0

1000

2000

X = Number of Beds

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 3.82(X) - 346.84

434

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.59

Hospital (610) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Beds On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. Num. of Occupied Beds: 472

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Bed Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.41

1.41 - 4.47

2.20 / 4.47

***

1.63 ( 68% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

2000

1000

0

0

200

400

600

800

1000

X = Number of Occupied Beds

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

435

Hospital (610) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 10 Avg. Num. of Employees: 2815

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.59

0.34 - 0.96

0.41 / 0.88

***

0.22 ( 37% )

Data Plot and Equation 4000

P = Parked Vehicles

3000

2000

1000

0

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

436

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

5000

Hospital (610) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Beds On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Center City Core Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Beds: 955

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bed Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.30

2.30 - 2.30

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

3000

2000

1000

0

0

200

400

600

800

1000

X = Number of Beds

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

437

Hospital (610) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Center City Core Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Employees: 4079

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.54

0.54 - 0.54

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

3000

2000

1000

0

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

438

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

5000

Land Use: 612 Surgery Center Description A surgery center is a facility where surgeries that do not require hospital admission are performed. Patients arrive on the day of the procedure, have the surgery in an operating room, recover under the care of the nursing staff and are then sent home (on the same day). There are no beds or overnight facilities. Surgery centers do not provide primary care facilities and typically treat patients who have already seen a health care provider and have selected surgery as an appropriate treatment. All surveyed surgery centers have at least one dedicated operating room. Hospital (Land Use 610) and clinic (Land Use 630) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at two study sites in a general urban/suburban setting. Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

–

7:00 a.m.

–

8:00 a.m.

–

9:00 a.m.

87

10:00 a.m.

100

11:00 a.m.

100

12:00 p.m.

73

1:00 p.m.

66

2:00 p.m.

67

3:00 p.m.

62

4:00 p.m.

43

5:00 p.m.

30

6:00 p.m.

–

7:00 p.m.

–

8:00 p.m.

–

9:00 p.m.

–

10:00 p.m.

–

11:00 p.m.

–

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

439

Additional Data The sites were surveyed in the 1990s in California.

Source Numbers 217, 313

440

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Surgery Center (612) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Operating Rooms On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Operating Rooms: 5.0

Peak Period Parking Demand per Operating Room Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

8.50

5.67 - 12.75

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

2

4

6

8

X = Number of Operating Rooms

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

441

Land Use: 620 Nursing Home Description A nursing home is any facility whose primary function is to provide care for persons who are unable to care for themselves. Examples of such facilities include rest homes, chronic care, and convalescent homes. Skilled nurses and nursing aides are present 24 hours a day at these sites. Residents often require treatment from a registered healthcare professional for on-going medical issues. A nursing home resident is not capable of operating a vehicle. Parking demand is entirely generated by employees, visitors, and deliveries. Assisted living (Land Use 254) and continuing care retirement community (Land Use 255) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at five study sites in a general urban/suburban setting.

442

Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

34

7:00 a.m.

41

8:00 a.m.

70

9:00 a.m.

86

10:00 a.m.

90

11:00 a.m.

97

12:00 p.m.

92

1:00 p.m.

93

2:00 p.m.

100

3:00 p.m.

71

4:00 p.m.

51

5:00 p.m.

52

6:00 p.m.

32

7:00 p.m.

–

8:00 p.m.

–

9:00 p.m.

–

10:00 p.m.

–

11:00 p.m.

–

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Additional Data A nursing home dwelling unit can house multiple beds. The average parking supply ratios for the study sites with parking supply information are 1.1 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA (16 sites), 0.8 spaces per dwelling unit (16 sites), and 0.46 spaces per bed (10 sites). The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, and the 2010s in Alberta (CAN), Illinois, New Jersey, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Washington.

Source Numbers 18, 45, 46, 149, 201, 202, 205, 432, 527, 563

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

443

Nursing Home (620) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 19 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 47

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.72

0.47 - 1.63

0.64 / 1.32

***

0.28 ( 39% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.52(X) + 9.40

444

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.88

Nursing Home (620) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 29

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.34

0.34 - 0.34

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

10

20

30

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

445

Nursing Home (620) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Beds On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 10 Avg. Num. of Beds: 133

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bed Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.36

0.12 - 0.57

0.22 / 0.51

***

0.15 ( 42% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

400

X = Number of Beds

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.50(X) - 18.57

446

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.82

Nursing Home (620) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Beds On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Beds: 168

Peak Period Parking Demand per Bed Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.43

0.34 - 0.52

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Beds

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

447

Nursing Home (620) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 15 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 63

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.48

0.20 - 0.92

0.33 / 0.68

***

0.21 ( 44% )

Data Plot and Equation 100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.46(X) + 1.33

448

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.57

Nursing Home (620) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Dwelling Units On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Dwelling Units: 99

Peak Period Parking Demand per Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.32

0.21 - 0.36

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

449

Nursing Home (620) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 15 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 58

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.52

0.25 - 0.92

0.38 / 0.72

***

0.20 ( 38% )

Data Plot and Equation 100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.98 Ln(X) - 0.66

450

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.66

Nursing Home (620) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied Dwelling Units On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Occupied Dwelling Units: 94

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied Dwelling Unit Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.34

0.26 - 0.36

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Occupied Dwelling Units

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

451

Nursing Home (620) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 19 Avg. Num. of Employees: 51

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.67

0.36 - 1.47

0.64 / 1.30

***

0.32 ( 48% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.45(X) + 11.16

452

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.81

Nursing Home (620) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Employees: 20

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.50

0.50 - 0.50

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

10

20

30

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

453

Land Use: 630 Clinic Description A clinic is any facility that provides limited diagnostic and outpatient care but is unable to provide prolonged in-house medical and surgical care. Urgent care is another term commonly used to describe this type of facility. A clinic commonly has a lab facility, a supporting pharmacy, and a wide range of services (compared to the medical office, which may only have specialized or individual physicians). Hospital (Land Use 610), surgery center (Land Use 612), and medical-dental office building (Land Use 720) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at six study sites in a general urban/suburban setting.

454

Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

–

7:00 a.m.

–

8:00 a.m.

63

9:00 a.m.

93

10:00 a.m.

96

11:00 a.m.

100

12:00 p.m.

80

1:00 p.m.

75

2:00 p.m.

90

3:00 p.m.

89

4:00 p.m.

74

5:00 p.m.

41

6:00 p.m.

15

7:00 p.m.

–

8:00 p.m.

–

9:00 p.m.

–

10:00 p.m.

–

11:00 p.m.

–

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the five study sites with parking supply information is 5.3 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, the 2000s, and the 2010s in California, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Ontario (CAN), Pennsylvania, and Washington.

Source Numbers 166, 217, 218, 233, 313, 315, 431, 433, 541, 558

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

455

Clinic (630) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 12 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 45

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

3.89

2.08 - 5.00

2.91 / 4.77

***

0.90 ( 23% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

100

200

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 4.33(X) - 19.77

456

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.95

Clinic (630) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Employees: 210

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.83

0.80 - 0.84

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

400

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

457

Clinic (630) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 2.6

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

5.74

5.74 - 5.74

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

1

2

3

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

458

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use: 640 Animal Hospital/Veterinary Clinic Description An animal hospital or veterinary clinic is a facility that specializes in the medical care and treatment of animals.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at four study sites in a general urban/suburban setting. Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

0

7:00 a.m.

12

8:00 a.m.

58

9:00 a.m.

62

10:00 a.m.

77

11:00 a.m.

81

12:00 p.m.

58

1:00 p.m.

69

2:00 p.m.

73

3:00 p.m.

85

4:00 p.m.

100

5:00 p.m.

77

6:00 p.m.

54

7:00 p.m.

0

8:00 p.m.

–

9:00 p.m.

–

10:00 p.m.

–

11:00 p.m.

–

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

459

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the two study sites with parking supply information is 2.8 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The sites were surveyed in the 2000s and the 2010s in Tennessee and Texas.

Source Numbers 224, 563

460

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Animal Hospital/Veterinary Clinic (640) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 3:00 - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 5 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 2.8

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

3.33

2.14 - 4.33

2.93 / 4.33

***

0.90 ( 27% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

1

2

3

4

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

461

Animal Hospital/Veterinary Clinic (640) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 3:00 - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. Num. of Employees: 5.5

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.68

1.00 - 3.00

1.26 / 3.00

***

0.81 ( 48% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

2

4

6

8

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

462

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use: 650 Free-Standing Emergency Room Description A free-standing emergency room is a facility that specializes in personal medical care and treatment of people. These facilities are structurally separate and distinct from a hospital and provide emergency care for potentially life-threatening conditions. They are typically open 24 hours a day, seven days a week, 365 days per year.

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the three study sites with parking supply information is 4.9 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The sites were surveyed in the 2010s in Florida.

Source Number 589

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

463

Free-Standing Emergency Room (650) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 11

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.35

1.00 - 1.88

1.06 / 1.88

***

0.46 ( 34% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

464

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use: 710 General Office Building Description A general office building houses multiple tenants. It is a location where affairs of businesses, commercial or industrial organizations, or professional persons or firms are conducted. An office building or buildings may contain a mixture of tenants including professional services, insurance companies, investment brokers, and tenant services, such as a bank or savings and loan institution, a restaurant, or cafeteria and service retail facilities. A general office building with a gross floor area of 5,000 square feet or less is classified as a small office building (Land Use 712). Corporate headquarters building (Land Use 714), single tenant office building (Land Use 715), medical-dental office building (Land Use 720), office park (Land Use 750), and research and development center (Land Use 760) are additional related uses. If information is known about individual buildings, it is suggested that the general office building category be used rather than office parks when estimating parking generation for one or more office buildings in a single development. The office park category is more general and should be used when a breakdown of individual or different uses is not known. If the general office building category is used and if additional buildings, such as banks, restaurants, or retail stores are included in the development, the development should be treated as a multiuse project. On the other hand, if the office park category is used, internal trips are already reflected in the data and do not need to be considered. When the buildings are interrelated (defined by shared parking facilities or the ability to easily walk between buildings) or house one tenant, it is suggested that the total area or employment of all the buildings be used for calculating parking generation. When the individual buildings are isolated and not related to one another, it is suggested that parking generation be calculated for each building separately and then summed.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at 30 study sites in a general urban/suburban setting and two study sites in a dense multi-use urban setting.

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

465

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand Hour Beginning

General Urban/Suburban

Dense Multi–Use Urban

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

–

5:00 a.m.

–

–

6:00 a.m.

–

–

7:00 a.m.

13

26

8:00 a.m.

48

65

9:00 a.m.

88

95

10:00 a.m.

100

100

11:00 a.m.

100

100

12:00 p.m.

85

99

1:00 p.m.

84

99

2:00 p.m.

93

97

3:00 p.m.

94

94

4:00 p.m.

85

90

5:00 p.m.

56

–

6:00 p.m.

20

–

7:00 p.m.

11

–

8:00 p.m.

–

–

9:00 p.m.

–

–

10:00 p.m.

–

–

11:00 p.m.

–

–

Additional Data The average parking supply ratios for the study sites with parking supply information are as follows: ●● 2.9 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA in a dense multi-use urban setting that is not within ½ mile of rail transit (seven sites) ●● 3.3 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA (73 sites) and 1.2 spaces per employee (20 sites) in a general urban/suburban setting that is not within ½ mile of rail transit ●● 3.0 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA (seven sites) and 0.8 spaces per employee (two sites) in a general urban/suburban setting that is within ½ mile of rail transit The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, the 2000s, and the 2010s in Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Illinois, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Montana, New Jersey, New York, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Texas, Utah, and Washington.

Source Numbers 21, 22, 47, 122, 124, 142, 172, 201, 202, 205, 211, 215, 216, 217, 227, 239, 241, 243, 276, 295, 399, 400, 425, 431, 433, 436, 438, 440, 516, 531, 540, 551, 555, 556, 557, 571, 572, 588

466

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

General Office Building (710) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 148 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 145

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.39

0.50 - 5.58

2.30 / 3.30

2.28 - 2.50

0.69 ( 29% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

3000

2000

1000

0

0

200

400

600

800

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 2.15(X) + 34.60

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.86

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

467

General Office Building (710) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 1:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 9 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 92

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.28

0.02 - 0.76

0.14 / 0.73

***

0.25 ( 89% )

Data Plot and Equation 100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

300

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

468

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

General Office Building (710) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 124 Avg. Occupied 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 156

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.51

0.86 - 5.58

2.46 / 3.42

2.39 - 2.63

0.66 ( 26% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

3000

2000

1000

0

0

200

400

600

800

X = Occupied 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 2.24(X) + 41.58

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.88

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

469

General Office Building (710) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 33 Avg. Num. of Employees: 209

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.84

0.50 - 3.00

0.80 / 1.05

0.80 - 0.88

0.12 ( 14% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

200

400

600

800

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.85(X) - 1.89

470

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.98

General Office Building (710) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 9 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 241

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.63

0.97 - 2.33

1.55 / 2.14

***

0.32 ( 20% )

Data Plot and Equation 1000

P = Parked Vehicles

800

600

400

200

0

0

200

400

600

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 1.44(X) + 47.42

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.91

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

471

General Office Building (710) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 8 Avg. Occupied 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 241

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.84

1.09 - 2.33

1.87 / 2.33

***

0.38 ( 21% )

Data Plot and Equation 1000

P = Parked Vehicles

800

600

400

200

0

0

100

200

300

400

X = Occupied 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 1.53(X) + 73.93

472

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.78

500

General Office Building (710) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Employees: 400

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.58

0.58 - 0.58

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

400

500

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

473

Land Use: 712 Small Office Building Description A small office building typically houses a single tenant and is less than or equal to 5,000 gross square feet in size. It is a location where affairs of a business, commercial or industrial organization, or professional person or firm are conducted. General office building (Land Use 710) is a related use.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at 16 study sites in a general urban/suburban setting and one study site in a dense multi-use urban setting. Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

474

Hour Beginning

General Urban/Suburban

Dense Multi–Use Urban

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

–

5:00 a.m.

–

–

6:00 a.m.

–

–

7:00 a.m.

0

8

8:00 a.m.

27

17

9:00 a.m.

69

17

10:00 a.m.

88

75

11:00 a.m.

100

67

12:00 p.m.

81

75

1:00 p.m.

81

75

2:00 p.m.

84

92

3:00 p.m.

86

100

4:00 p.m.

92

67

5:00 p.m.

85

83

6:00 p.m.

4

50

7:00 p.m.

0

0

8:00 p.m.

–

–

9:00 p.m.

–

–

10:00 p.m.

–

–

11:00 p.m.

–

–

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the three study sites with parking supply information is 3.9 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, and the 2010s in California, Oklahoma, Texas, and Washington.

Source Numbers 47, 217, 527, 571, 572

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

475

Small Office Building (712) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 19 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 2.5

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.56

0.78 - 5.66

2.12 / 4.17

***

1.26 ( 49% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

1

2

3

4

5

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

476

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Small Office Building (712) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 14 Avg. Num. of Employees: 4.1

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.33

1.00 - 2.00

1.32 / 2.00

***

0.33 ( 25% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 1.00(X) + 1.34

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.91

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

477

Land Use: 714 Corporate Headquarters Building Description A corporate headquarters building is a single tenant office building that houses the corporate headquarters of a company or organization, which generally consists of offices, meeting rooms, space for file storage and data processing, a restaurant or cafeteria, and other service functions. General office building (Land Use 710), small office building (Land Use 712), single tenant office building (Land Use 715), office park (Land Use 750), and research and development center (Land Use 760) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at four study sites in a general urban/suburban setting.

478

Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

–

7:00 a.m.

20

8:00 a.m.

63

9:00 a.m.

98

10:00 a.m.

100

11:00 a.m.

93

12:00 p.m.

78

1:00 p.m.

92

2:00 p.m.

94

3:00 p.m.

89

4:00 p.m.

86

5:00 p.m.

57

6:00 p.m.

20

7:00 p.m.

–

8:00 p.m.

–

9:00 p.m.

–

10:00 p.m.

–

11:00 p.m.

–

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Additional Data The average parking supply ratios for the study sites with parking supply information are 3.3 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA (five sites) and 1.2 spaces per employee (three sites). The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, and the 2000s in California, Connecticut, New York, Ohio, Texas, and Washington.

Source Numbers 14, 122, 124, 172, 210, 217, 313

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

479

Corporate Headquarters Building (714) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 7 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 222

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.32

1.48 - 3.26

2.45 / 3.25

***

0.58 ( 25% )

Data Plot and Equation 1000

P = Parked Vehicles

800

600

400

200

0

0

100

200

300

400

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.76 Ln(X) + 2.14

480

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.92

500

Corporate Headquarters Building (714) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 155

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.10

0.10 - 0.10

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

100

200

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

481

Corporate Headquarters Building (714) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 6 Avg. Occupied 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 220

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.43

1.58 - 3.26

2.61 / 3.25

***

0.61 ( 25% )

Data Plot and Equation 1000

P = Parked Vehicles

800

600

400

200

0

0

100

200

300

400

X = Occupied 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.80 Ln(X) + 2.01

482

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.92

Corporate Headquarters Building (714) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 5 Avg. Num. of Employees: 868

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.96

0.73 - 1.14

0.81 / 1.14

***

0.19 ( 20% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

3000

2000

1000

0

0

1000

2000

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 1.13(X) - 146.91

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.95

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

483

Corporate Headquarters Building (714) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 240

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.20

2.20 - 2.20

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

100

200

300

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

484

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Corporate Headquarters Building (714) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Occupied 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 240

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.20

2.20 - 2.20

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

100

200

300

X = Occupied 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

485

Corporate Headquarters Building (714) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Employees: 1025

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.52

0.52 - 0.52

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

1000

2000

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

486

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use: 715 Single Tenant Office Building Description A single tenant office building generally contains offices, meeting rooms, and space for file storage and data processing of a single business or company and possibly other service functions including a restaurant or cafeteria. General office building (Land Use 710), small office building (Land Use 712), corporate headquarters building (Land Use 714), office park (Land Use 750), and research and development center (Land Use 760) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at two study sites in a dense multi-use urban setting. Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

–

7:00 a.m.

–

8:00 a.m.

35

9:00 a.m.

75

10:00 a.m.

95

11:00 a.m.

99

12:00 p.m.

81

1:00 p.m.

81

2:00 p.m.

98

3:00 p.m.

100

4:00 p.m.

93

5:00 p.m.

–

6:00 p.m.

–

7:00 p.m.

–

8:00 p.m.

–

9:00 p.m.

–

10:00 p.m.

–

11:00 p.m.

–

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

487

Additional Data The average parking supply ratios for the 10 study sites with parking supply information are 3.7 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA and 0.9 spaces per employee. The sites were surveyed in the 1980s and the 1990s in California, New Jersey, and Washington.

Source Numbers 14, 122, 209

488

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Single Tenant Office Building (715) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 12 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 96

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

3.10

1.72 - 4.57

2.48 / 3.65

***

0.68 ( 22% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

2000

1000

0

0

100

200

300

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 3.58(X) - 46.03

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.97

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

489

Single Tenant Office Building (715) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Occupied 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 12 Avg. Occupied 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 96

Peak Period Parking Demand per Occupied 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

3.10

1.72 - 4.57

2.48 / 3.65

***

0.68 ( 22% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

2000

1000

0

0

100

200

300

X = Occupied 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 3.58(X) - 46.03

490

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.97

Single Tenant Office Building (715) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 10 Avg. Num. of Employees: 421

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.78

0.55 - 1.35

0.69 / 1.17

***

0.12 ( 15% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

2000

1000

0

0

1000

2000

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.78(X) - 2.11

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.99

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

491

Single Tenant Office Building (715) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 103

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.43

2.05 - 2.59

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

492

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Single Tenant Office Building (715) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Employees: 334

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.75

0.68 - 0.77

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

400

500

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

493

Land Use: 720 Medical-Dental Office Building Description A medical-dental office building is a facility that provides diagnoses and outpatient care on a routine basis but is unable to provide prolonged in-house medical and surgical care. One or more private physicians or dentists generally operate this type of facility. General office building (Land Use 710), small office building (Land Use 712), and clinic (Land Use 630) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at 27 study sites in a general urban/suburban setting and two study sites in a dense multi-use urban setting. Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

494

Hour Beginning

General Urban/Suburban

Dense Multi–Use Urban

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

–

5:00 a.m.

–

–

6:00 a.m.

–

–

7:00 a.m.

12

–

8:00 a.m.

43

61

9:00 a.m.

88

62

10:00 a.m.

99

96

11:00 a.m.

100

56

12:00 p.m.

83

29

1:00 p.m.

74

67

2:00 p.m.

94

100

3:00 p.m.

93

82

4:00 p.m.

86

79

5:00 p.m.

54

71

6:00 p.m.

–

–

7:00 p.m.

–

–

8:00 p.m.

–

–

9:00 p.m.

–

–

10:00 p.m.

–

–

11:00 p.m.

–

–

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Additional Data Some of the study sites in the database are located within a hospital campus. The limited number of data points did not reveal a definitive difference in parking demand from stand-alone sites. The average parking supply ratio for the 80 study sites with parking supply information is 4.3 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, the 2000s, and the 2010s in British Columbia (CAN), California, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, and Washington.

Source Numbers 36, 37, 84, 86, 120, 121, 153, 161, 173, 217, 218, 224, 239, 308, 309, 310, 315, 416, 428, 433, 527, 530, 531, 532, 553, 555, 563, 564

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

495

Medical-Dental Office Building (720) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 117 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 46

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

3.23

0.96 - 10.27

2.73 / 4.59

3.04 - 3.42

1.05 ( 33% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

2000

1000

0

0

100

200

300

400

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 3.34(X) - 5.21

496

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.91

Medical-Dental Office Building (720) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 1:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 9.0

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.56

0.33 - 1.12

0.35 / 1.12

***

0.32 ( 57% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

8

P = Parked Vehicles

6

4

2

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

497

Medical-Dental Office Building (720) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 31

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.66

2.08 - 4.78

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

10

20

30

40

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

498

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

50

Medical-Dental Office Building (720) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 20 Avg. Num. of Employees: 43

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.26

0.56 - 2.50

1.12 / 2.00

1.11 - 1.41

0.35 ( 28% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 1.22(X) + 1.67

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.92

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

499

Medical-Dental Office Building (720) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 40

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.49

1.34 - 2.00

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

20

40

60

80

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

500

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use: 730 Government Office Building Description A government office building is an individual building containing either the entire function or simply one agency of a city, county, state, federal, or other governmental unit.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at six municipal study sites in a general urban/suburban setting. Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

–

7:00 a.m.

–

8:00 a.m.

66

9:00 a.m.

97

10:00 a.m.

100

11:00 a.m.

97

12:00 p.m.

91

1:00 p.m.

73

2:00 p.m.

79

3:00 p.m.

82

4:00 p.m.

77

5:00 p.m.

–

6:00 p.m.

–

7:00 p.m.

–

8:00 p.m.

–

9:00 p.m.

–

10:00 p.m.

–

11:00 p.m.

–

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

501

Additional Data The database includes both municipal and state/federal office buildings. The municipal buildings were smaller than 100,000 square feet GFA. The state/federal buildings were larger than 50,000 square feet GFA. The average parking supply ratio for the study sites with parking supply information are as follows: ●● 4.9 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA (four sites) and 1.0 spaces per employee (four sites) in a municipal building ●● 3.7 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA (four sites) and 1.0 spaces per employee (one site) in a state or federal building. The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, and the 2010s in Colorado, Louisiana, Oregon, Texas, and Washington.

Source Numbers 83, 122, 142, 527, 570, 573

502

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Government Office Building (730) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 12 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 113

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.99

1.60 - 4.26

2.18 / 3.89

***

1.00 ( 33% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

2000

1000

0

0

100

200

300

400

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.99 Ln(X) + 1.04

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.96

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

503

Government Office Building (730) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 8 Avg. Num. of Employees: 103

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.82

0.65 - 4.00

0.86 / 3.00

***

0.29 ( 35% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

400

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.64(X) + 18.12

504

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.96

Land Use: 732 United States Post Office Description A United States post office is a federal building that contains service windows for mailing packages and letters, post office boxes, offices, sorting and distributing facilities for mail, and vehicle storage areas.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at one study site in a general urban/suburban setting. Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

–

7:00 a.m.

39

8:00 a.m.

81

9:00 a.m.

100

10:00 a.m.

76

11:00 a.m.

60

12:00 p.m.

60

1:00 p.m.

54

2:00 p.m.

63

3:00 p.m.

68

4:00 p.m.

53

5:00 p.m.

43

6:00 p.m.

37

7:00 p.m.

–

8:00 p.m.

–

9:00 p.m.

–

10:00 p.m.

–

11:00 p.m.

–

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

505

Additional Data The average parking supply ratios for the one study site with parking supply information are 33 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA and 2.0 spaces per employee. The site was surveyed in the 1980s in New York.

Source Number 21

506

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

United States Post Office (732) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 - 10:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 4.9

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

33.20

33.20 - 33.20

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

1

2

3

4

5

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

507

United States Post Office (732) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 - 10:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Employees: 80

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.01

2.01 - 2.01

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

20

40

60

80

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

508

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

100

Land Use: 735 Judicial Complex Description A judicial complex is a group of government office buildings interconnected by pedestrian walkways, with uses limited to public safety (police station, sheriff’s office) and court activity. These facilities can include courtrooms, jails, public safety offices, and community corrections uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at one study site in a general urban/suburban setting. Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

–

7:00 a.m.

–

8:00 a.m.

38

9:00 a.m.

71

10:00 a.m.

43

11:00 a.m.

55

12:00 p.m.

45

1:00 p.m.

65

2:00 p.m.

89

3:00 p.m.

100

4:00 p.m.

91

5:00 p.m.

62

6:00 p.m.

–

7:00 p.m.

–

8:00 p.m.

–

9:00 p.m.

–

10:00 p.m.

–

11:00 p.m.

–

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

509

Additional Data The average parking supply ratios for the one study site with parking supply information are 4.1 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA and 0.8 spaces per employee. The sites were surveyed in the 1980s and the 1990s in Connecticut and Texas.

Source Numbers 144, 227

510

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Judicial Complex (735) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 2:00 - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 53

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

3.02

3.02 - 3.02

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

20

40

60

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

511

Judicial Complex (735) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 2:00 - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Employees: 262

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.61

0.61 - 0.61

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

512

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Judicial Complex (735) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 88

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.64

1.64 - 1.64

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

20

40

60

80

100

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

513

Judicial Complex (735) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Employees: 350

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.41

0.41 - 0.41

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

400

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

514

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use: 750 Office Park Description An office park is usually a suburban subdivision or planned unit development containing general office buildings and support services, such as banks, restaurants, and service stations, arranged in a park- or campus-like atmosphere. General office building (Land Use 710), corporate headquarters building (Land Use 714), single tenant office building (Land Use 714), and research and development center (Land Use 760) are related land uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at two study sites in a general urban/suburban setting. Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

–

7:00 a.m.

27

8:00 a.m.

75

9:00 a.m.

88

10:00 a.m.

100

11:00 a.m.

100

12:00 p.m.

81

1:00 p.m.

93

2:00 p.m.

92

3:00 p.m.

91

4:00 p.m.

79

5:00 p.m.

59

6:00 p.m.

–

7:00 p.m.

–

8:00 p.m.

–

9:00 p.m.

–

10:00 p.m.

–

11:00 p.m.

–

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

515

Additional Data The average parking supply ratios for the study sites with parking supply information are 4.4 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA (five sites) and 1.5 spaces per employee (two sites). The sites were surveyed in the 1980s and the 1990s in Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Illinois, New York, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Utah.

Source Numbers 36, 172, 202, 239, 243

516

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Office Park (750) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 17 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 242

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.43

1.19 - 3.38

2.17 / 2.99

***

0.57 ( 23% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

2000

1000

0

0

200

400

600

800

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 1.00 Ln(X) + 0.86

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.91

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

517

Office Park (750) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. Num. of Employees: 585

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.68

0.59 - 0.82

0.62 / 0.82

***

0.10 ( 15% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

800

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

200

400

600

800

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

518

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

1000

Land Use: 760 Research and Development Center Description A research and development center is a facility or group of facilities devoted almost exclusively to research and development activities. The range of specific types of businesses contained in this land use category varies significantly. Research and development centers may contain offices and light fabrication areas. General office building (Land Use 710), corporate headquarters building (Land Use 714), single tenant office building (Land Use 715), and office park (Land Use 750) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at two study sites in a general urban/suburban setting. Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

–

7:00 a.m.

–

8:00 a.m.

91

9:00 a.m.

98

10:00 a.m.

100

11:00 a.m.

93

12:00 p.m.

84

1:00 p.m.

90

2:00 p.m.

97

3:00 p.m.

92

4:00 p.m.

75

5:00 p.m.

31

6:00 p.m.

–

7:00 p.m.

–

8:00 p.m.

–

9:00 p.m.

–

10:00 p.m.

–

11:00 p.m.

–

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

519

Additional Data The average parking supply ratios for the study sites with parking supply information are 3.5 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA (13 sites) and 1.0 spaces per employee (10 sites). The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, and the 2000s in California and Montana.

Source Numbers 158, 313, 399, 518

520

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Research and Development Center (760) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 13 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 85

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.58

1.27 - 3.55

2.39 / 3.14

***

0.56 ( 22% )

Data Plot and Equation 800

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

100

200

300

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 2.73(X) - 13.44

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.94

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

521

Research and Development Center (760) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 10 Avg. Num. of Employees: 370

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.73

0.62 - 1.00

0.71 / 0.98

***

0.15 ( 21% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

2000

1000

0

0

1000

2000

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.60(X) + 47.68

522

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.98

Land Use: 812 Building Materials and Lumber Store Description A building materials and lumber store is a free-standing building that sells hardware, building materials, and lumber. The lumber may be stored in the main building, yard, or storage shed. Hardware/paint store (Land Use 816) and home improvement superstore (Land Use 862) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at eight study sites in a general urban/suburban setting. Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

0

7:00 a.m.

3

8:00 a.m.

100

9:00 a.m.

97

10:00 a.m.

75

11:00 a.m.

83

12:00 p.m.

94

1:00 p.m.

62

2:00 p.m.

49

3:00 p.m.

51

4:00 p.m.

47

5:00 p.m.

47

6:00 p.m.

–

7:00 p.m.

–

8:00 p.m.

–

9:00 p.m.

–

10:00 p.m.

–

11:00 p.m.

–

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

523

Additional Data Outside storage areas are not included in the overall gross floor area measurements. However, if storage areas are located within the principal outside faces of the exterior walls, they are included in the building’s overall gross floor area. The sites were surveyed in the 2010s in Texas.

Source Numbers 564, 565

524

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Building Materials and Lumber Store (812) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 a.m. - 1:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 7 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 24

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.57

0.43 - 0.75

0.53 / 0.75

***

0.12 ( 21% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

30

40

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.65 Ln(X) + 0.56

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.78

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

525

Building Materials and Lumber Store (812) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 a.m. - 1:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 7 Avg. Num. of Employees: 11

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.25

0.95 - 2.33

1.00 / 2.27

***

0.50 ( 40% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

30

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

526

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use: 813 Free-Standing Discount Superstore Description A discount superstore is similar to a free-standing discount store described in Land Use 815 with the exception that it also contains a full-service grocery department under the same roof that shares entrances and exits with the discount store area. These stores usually offer a variety of customer services, centralized cashiering, and a wide range of products. They typically maintain long store hours 7 days a week. The stores included in this land use are often the only ones on the site, but they can also be found in mutual operation with a related or unrelated garden center and/or service station, or as a part of a shopping center, with or without their own dedicated parking area. Freestanding discount store (Land Use 815) is a related use.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a non-December weekday (four study sites) and a non-December Saturday (three study sites) in a general urban/suburban setting. Percent of Peak Parking Demand Hour Beginning

Weekday

Saturday

12:00–4:00 a.m.

7

–

5:00 a.m.

10

–

6:00 a.m.

15

–

7:00 a.m.

21

–

8:00 a.m.

33

–

9:00 a.m.

52

47

10:00 a.m.

71

67

11:00 a.m.

84

86

12:00 p.m.

92

91

1:00 p.m.

100

97

2:00 p.m.

96

100

3:00 p.m.

96

93

4:00 p.m.

82

96

5:00 p.m.

81

80

6:00 p.m.

74

79

7:00 p.m.

61

–

8:00 p.m.

48

–

9:00 p.m.

31

–

10:00 p.m.

11

–

11:00 p.m.

2

–

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

527

Additional Data Garden centers contained within the principal outside faces of the exterior building walls were included in the gross square floor areas reported. Outdoor or fenced-in areas outside the principal faces of the exterior walls were excluded. Several sites included in this land use indicated the presence of fenced/covered space. The average parking supply ratio for the eight study sites with parking supply information is 4.8 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA in a general urban/suburban setting. The sites were surveyed in the 2000s and the 2010s in Alabama, California, Florida, Illinois, Kansas, Minnesota, and Washington. To assist in the future analysis of this land use, it is important to collect and include information on the presence and size of garden centers, outdoor fenced-in space, and service stations in parking generation data submissions.

Source Numbers 406, 501, 511, 519, 525, 527, 557

528

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Free-Standing Discount Superstore - Non-December (813) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 10 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 158

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.46

0.90 - 2.35

1.23 / 2.03

***

0.41 ( 28% )

Data Plot and Equation 500

P = Parked Vehicles

400

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

529

Free-Standing Discount Superstore - Non-December (813) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 6 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 155

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.07

1.36 - 2.83

1.79 / 2.81

***

0.54 ( 26% )

Data Plot and Equation 500

P = Parked Vehicles

400

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

530

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Free-Standing Discount Superstore - Non-December (813) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 118

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.38

1.38 - 1.38

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

531

Free-Standing Discount Superstore - December (813) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 186

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.92

1.92 - 1.92

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

532

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Free-Standing Discount Superstore - December (813) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 186

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.43

2.43 - 2.43

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

500

P = Parked Vehicles

400

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

533

Land Use: 814 Variety Store Description A variety store is a retail store that sells a broad range of inexpensive items often at a single price. These stores are typically referred to as “dollar stores.” Items sold at these stores typically include kitchen supplies, cleaning products, home office supplies, food products, household goods, decorations, and toys. These stores are sometimes stand-alone sites, but they may also be located in small strip shopping centers. Free-standing discount store (Land Use 815) is a related use.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a non-December weekday at nine study sites in a general urban/suburban setting.

534

Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

–

7:00 a.m.

4

8:00 a.m.

20

9:00 a.m.

53

10:00 a.m.

55

11:00 a.m.

56

12:00 p.m.

67

1:00 p.m.

69

2:00 p.m.

80

3:00 p.m.

67

4:00 p.m.

68

5:00 p.m.

100

6:00 p.m.

87

7:00 p.m.

48

8:00 p.m.

37

9:00 p.m.

29

10:00 p.m.

–

11:00 p.m.

–

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Additional Data The sites were surveyed in the 2010s in Minnesota and Texas.

Source Numbers 556, 557, 564, 565

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

535

Variety Store - Non-December (814) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 5:00 - 7:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 8 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 8.9

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.13

0.51 - 1.93

0.65 / 1.79

***

0.52 ( 46% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

2

4

6

8

10

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

536

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Variety Store - Non-December (814) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 5:00 - 7:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 6 Avg. Num. of Employees: 5.3

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.63

0.86 - 3.00

1.16 / 2.96

***

0.80 ( 49% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

2

4

6

8

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

537

Variety Store - December (814) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 5:00 - 7:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 9.1

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.31

2.31 - 2.31

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

2

4

6

8

10

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

538

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Variety Store - December (814) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 5:00 - 7:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Employees: 8.0

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.63

2.63 - 2.63

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

2

4

6

8

10

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

539

Land Use: 815 Free-Standing Discount Store Description A discount store is similar to a free-standing discount superstore described in Land Use 813 with the exception that it does not contain a full-service grocery department. Discount stores offer a variety of customer services and typically maintain long store hours 7 days a week. The stores included in this land use are often the only ones on the site, but they can also be found in mutual operation with a related or unrelated garden center and/or service station. Free-standing discount stores are also sometimes found as separate parcels within a retail complex, with or without their own dedicated parking. Freestanding discount superstore (Land Use 813) and variety store (Land Use 814) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a non-December weekday (five study sites), a non-December Saturday (five study sites), a December weekday (two study sites), a December Saturday (three study sites), and a December Sunday (two study sites) in a general urban/suburban setting.

540

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Percent of Peak Parking Demand Non–December

December

Hour Beginning

Weekday

Saturday

Weekday

Saturday

Sunday

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

–

–

–

–

5:00 a.m.

–

–

–

–

–

6:00 a.m.

–

–

–

–

–

7:00 a.m.

37

–

–

–

–

8:00 a.m.

46

–

–

–

–

9:00 a.m.

64

–

–

–

–

10:00 a.m.

77

–

–

–

–

11:00 a.m.

90

97

75

66

60

12:00 p.m.

99

100

100

82

83

1:00 p.m.

93

100

96

95

92

2:00 p.m.

100

100

100

94

100

3:00 p.m.

100

100

94

100

90

4:00 p.m.

96

98

85

93

83

5:00 p.m.

99

88

79

91

–

6:00 p.m.

87

–

67

58

–

7:00 p.m.

52

–

69

–

–

8:00 p.m.

–

–

–

–

–

9:00 p.m.

–

–

–

–

–

10:00 p.m.

–

–

–

–

–

11:00 p.m.

–

–

–

–

–

Additional Data Garden centers contained within the principal outside faces of the exterior building walls were included in the gross square floor areas reported. Outdoor or fenced-in areas outside the principal outside faces of the exterior building walls were excluded. The average parking supply ratio for the 12 study sites with parking supply information is 5.0 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, the 2000s, and the 2010s in California, Kansas, Maryland, Minnesota, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and Washington.

Source Numbers 174, 209, 276, 297, 413, 433, 511, 525, 557

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

541

Free-Standing Discount Store - Non-December (815) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 9 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 98

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.30

0.75 - 2.18

1.05 / 1.86

***

0.45 ( 35% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.90 Ln(X) + 0.67

542

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.82

Free-Standing Discount Store - Non-December (815) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 5 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 110

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.20

1.47 - 2.56

2.18 / 2.56

***

0.49 ( 22% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

543

Free-Standing Discount Store - Non-December (815) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 87

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.01

1.01 - 1.01

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

20

40

60

80

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

544

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

100

Free-Standing Discount Store - December (815) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 121

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.80

2.28 - 3.37

2.42 / 3.37

***

0.59 ( 21% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

500

P = Parked Vehicles

400

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

545

Free-Standing Discount Store - December (815) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 100

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.82

2.25 - 3.66

2.36 / 3.66

***

0.68 ( 24% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

546

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Free-Standing Discount Store - December (815) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Employees: 75

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.16

2.16 - 2.16

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

20

40

60

80

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

547

Land Use: 816 Hardware/Paint Store Description A hardware/paint store is a free-standing building that sells hardware and paint supplies. Building materials and lumber store (Land Use 812) and home improvement superstore (Land Use 862) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at four study sites in a general urban/suburban setting.

548

Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

–

7:00 a.m.

9

8:00 a.m.

55

9:00 a.m.

73

10:00 a.m.

100

11:00 a.m.

64

12:00 p.m.

95

1:00 p.m.

68

2:00 p.m.

91

3:00 p.m.

50

4:00 p.m.

45

5:00 p.m.

36

6:00 p.m.

5

7:00 p.m.

0

8:00 p.m.

–

9:00 p.m.

–

10:00 p.m.

–

11:00 p.m.

–

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the one study site with parking supply information is 6.7 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The sites were surveyed in the 1980s and the 2010s in New York and Texas.

Source Numbers 22, 565

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

549

Hardware/Paint Store (816) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 11

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.54

0.35 - 1.11

0.45 / 1.11

***

0.35 ( 65% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

8

P = Parked Vehicles

6

4

2

0

0

10

20

30

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

550

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Hardware/Paint Store (816) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 4.0

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.50

1.50 - 1.50

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

8

P = Parked Vehicles

6

4

2

0

0

1

2

3

4

5

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

551

Hardware/Paint Store (816) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. Num. of Employees: 3.0

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.89

1.75 - 2.00

1.83 / 2.00

***

0.15 ( 8% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

8

P = Parked Vehicles

6

4

2

0

0

1

2

3

4

5

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

552

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use: 820 Shopping Center Description A shopping center is an integrated group of commercial establishments that is planned, developed, owned, and managed as a unit. A shopping center’s composition is related to its market area in terms of size, location, and type of store. A shopping center also provides on-site parking facilities sufficient to serve its own parking demands.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand during the month of December on a weekday (seven study sites), a Friday (eight study sites), and a Saturday (19 study sites). Percent of Peak Parking Demand during December Hour Beginning

Weekday

Friday

Saturday

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

–

–

5:00 a.m.

–

–

–

6:00 a.m.

–

–

–

7:00 a.m.

–

–

–

8:00 a.m.

–

–

–

9:00 a.m.

–

–

–

10:00 a.m.

–

74

–

11:00 a.m.

–

87

85

12:00 p.m.

77

97

97

1:00 p.m.

100

100

98

2:00 p.m.

98

92

100

3:00 p.m.

90

85

97

4:00 p.m.

76

84

88

5:00 p.m.

82

78

77

6:00 p.m.

89

75

64

7:00 p.m.

90

63

–

8:00 p.m.

84

–

–

9:00 p.m.

–

–

–

10:00 p.m.

–

–

–

11:00 p.m.

–

–

–

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

553

The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand during a non-December month on a weekday (18 study sites), a Friday (seven study sites), and a Saturday (13 study sites). Percent of Non–December Peak Parking Demand Hour Beginning

Weekday

Friday

Saturday

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

–

–

5:00 a.m.

–

–

–

6:00 a.m.

–

–

–

7:00 a.m.

–

–

–

8:00 a.m.

15

32

27

9:00 a.m.

32

50

46

10:00 a.m.

54

67

67

11:00 a.m.

71

80

85

12:00 p.m.

99

100

95

1:00 p.m.

100

98

100

2:00 p.m.

90

90

98

3:00 p.m.

83

78

92

4:00 p.m.

81

81

86

5:00 p.m.

84

86

79

6:00 p.m.

86

84

71

7:00 p.m.

80

79

69

8:00 p.m.

63

70

60

9:00 p.m.

42

–

51

10:00 p.m.

15

–

38

11:00 p.m.

–

–

–

Additional Data The parking demand database includes data from strip, neighborhood, community, town center, and regional shopping centers. Some of the centers contain non-merchandising facilities, such as office buildings, movie theaters, restaurants, post offices, banks, health clubs, and recreational facilities. Many shopping centers, in addition to the integrated unit of shops in one building or enclosed around a mall, include outparcels (peripheral buildings or pads located on the perimeter of the center adjacent to the streets and major access points). These buildings are typically drive-in banks, retail stores, restaurants, or small offices. Although the data herein do not indicate which of the centers studied included peripheral buildings, it can be assumed that some of the data show their effect.

554

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

The parking demand data plots and analysis are based on the total gross leasable area (GLA) of the center. In cases of smaller centers without an enclosed mall or peripheral buildings, the GLA could be the same as the gross floor area (GFA) of the center. The average parking supply ratios for the study sites with parking supply information are the following: ●● 5.1 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA (137 sites) in a general urban/suburban setting ●● 4.7 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA (five sites) in a dense multi-use urban setting The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, the 2000s, and the 2010s in Alabama, Alberta (CAN), Arizona, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, North Carolina, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and Washington. Future data submissions should attempt to provide information on the composition of each study site (types and number of stores, restaurants, or other tenants within the shopping center).

Source Numbers 3, 18, 21, 32, 39, 47, 87, 88, 89, 103, 142, 145, 152, 153, 154, 174, 175, 176, 179, 202, 203, 204, 205, 209, 215, 219, 224, 241, 265, 274, 313, 314, 315, 431, 432, 433, 436, 438, 441, 511, 525, 527, 531, 533, 542, 556, 558, 565

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

555

Shopping Center - Non-December (820) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA On a: Weekday (Monday - Thursday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 46 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA: 218

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.95

1.27 - 7.98

1.99 / 3.68

1.73 - 2.17

0.75 ( 38% )

Data Plot and Equation 5000

P = Parked Vehicles

4000

3000

2000

1000

0

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 1.49(X) + 100.32

556

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.97

Shopping Center - Non-December (820) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA On a: Friday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 37 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA: 174

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.61

1.34 - 5.25

2.37 / 3.78

2.39 - 2.83

0.67 ( 26% )

Data Plot and Equation 4000

P = Parked Vehicles

3000

2000

1000

0

0

1000

2000

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 2.67(X) - 11.49

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.96

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

557

Shopping Center - Non-December (820) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 58 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA: 313

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.91

1.15 - 4.72

2.27 / 3.74

2.72 - 3.10

0.74 ( 25% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

20000

10000

0

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 2.78(X) + 39.26

558

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.95

5000

Shopping Center - Non-December (820) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 11 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA: 201

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.89

1.47 - 2.75

1.81 / 2.27

***

0.30 ( 16% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

2000

1000

0

0

200

400

600

800

1000

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 1.75(X) + 27.11

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.98

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

559

Shopping Center - Non-December (820) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA On a: Weekday (Monday - Thursday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 5 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA: 91

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.76

1.86 - 3.58

2.63 / 3.58

***

0.72 ( 26% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

500

P = Parked Vehicles

400

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.94 Ln(X) + 1.28

560

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.92

Shopping Center - Non-December (820) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA On a: Friday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA: 157

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.45

1.45 - 1.45

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

561

Shopping Center - Non-December (820) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 6 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA: 91

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.57

1.46 - 3.97

1.87 / 3.93

***

1.04 ( 40% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

100

200

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.89 Ln(X) + 1.34

562

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.76

Shopping Center - Non-December (820) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA On a: Sunday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA: 157

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.82

1.82 - 1.82

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

563

Shopping Center - Non-December (820) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA On a: Weekday (Monday - Thursday) Setting/Location: Center City Core Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA: 184

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.33

1.33 - 1.33

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

564

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Shopping Center - December (820) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA On a: Weekday (Monday - Thursday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 73 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA: 546

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

3.77

1.17 - 7.37

2.96 / 5.07

3.50 - 4.04

1.19 ( 32% )

Data Plot and Equation 10000

P = Parked Vehicles

8000

6000

4000

2000

0

0

1000

2000

3000

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 3.54(X) + 125.58

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.79

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

565

Shopping Center - December (820) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA On a: Friday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 81 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA: 510

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

4.09

1.47 - 7.50

3.34 / 5.24

3.82 - 4.36

1.25 ( 31% )

Data Plot and Equation 10000

P = Parked Vehicles

8000

6000

4000

2000

0

0

1000

2000

3000

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 3.91(X) + 92.68

566

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.82

Shopping Center - December (820) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 93 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA: 560

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

4.58

1.56 - 7.50

3.97 / 5.90

4.31 - 4.85

1.33 ( 29% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

20000

10000

0

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 3.67(X) + 510.52

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.80

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

567

Shopping Center - December (820) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 47 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA: 578

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

4.36

1.79 - 7.67

3.70 / 5.83

3.98 - 4.74

1.33 ( 31% )

Data Plot and Equation 8000

P = Parked Vehicles

6000

4000

2000

0

0

1000

2000

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GLA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 3.92(X) + 250.39

568

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.72

Land Use: 840 Automobile Sales (New) Description A new automobile sales dealership is typically located along a major arterial street characterized by abundant commercial development. The sale or leasing of new cars is the primary business at these facilities; however, automobile services, parts sales, and used car sales may also be available. Some dealerships also include leasing options, truck sales, and servicing. Automobile sales (used) (Land Use 841), recreational vehicle sales (Land Use 842), and motorcycle dealership (Land Use 845) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at four study sites in a general urban/suburban setting. Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

–

7:00 a.m.

3

8:00 a.m.

39

9:00 a.m.

73

10:00 a.m.

85

11:00 a.m.

98

12:00 p.m.

100

1:00 p.m.

88

2:00 p.m.

95

3:00 p.m.

83

4:00 p.m.

58

5:00 p.m.

54

6:00 p.m.

42

7:00 p.m.

14

8:00 p.m.

0

9:00 p.m.

–

10:00 p.m.

–

11:00 p.m.

–

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

569

Additional Data The sites were surveyed in the 2010s in Texas.

Source Number 565

570

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Automobile Sales (New) (840) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 28

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.29

1.29 - 4.78

1.60 / 4.78

***

1.49 ( 65% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

10

20

30

40

50

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

571

Automobile Sales (New) (840) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. Num. of Employees: 67

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.97

0.61 - 1.98

0.64 / 1.98

***

0.60 ( 62% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

20

40

60

80

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

572

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

100

Land Use: 841 Automobile Sales (Used) Description A used automobile sales dealership is typically located along a major arterial street characterized by abundant commercial development. The sale or lease of used cars is the primary business at these facilities; however, automobile services and parts sales may also be available. Some dealerships also include leasing options, truck sales, and servicing. Automobile sales (new) (Land Use 840), recreational vehicle sales (Land Use 842), and motorcycle dealership (Land Use 845) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at 14 study sites in a general urban/suburban setting. Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

0

5:00 a.m.

0

6:00 a.m.

0

7:00 a.m.

0

8:00 a.m.

14

9:00 a.m.

44

10:00 a.m.

69

11:00 a.m.

90

12:00 p.m.

79

1:00 p.m.

79

2:00 p.m.

75

3:00 p.m.

92

4:00 p.m.

94

5:00 p.m.

100

6:00 p.m.

63

7:00 p.m.

32

8:00 p.m.

13

9:00 p.m.

0

10:00 p.m.

0

11:00 p.m.

0

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

573

Additional Data The sites were surveyed in the 2010s in Texas.

Source Numbers 565, 566

574

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Automobile Sales (Used) (841) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.; 3:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 14 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 2.2

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

3.08

1.11 - 10.06

2.51 / 5.27

***

1.83 ( 59% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

1

2

3

4

5

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

575

Automobile Sales (Used) (841) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.; 3:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 14 Avg. Num. of Employees: 4.8

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.42

0.38 - 4.00

1.33 / 2.15

***

0.59 ( 42% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.98(X) + 2.12

576

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.58

Land Use: 842 Recreational Vehicle Sales Description A recreational vehicle (RV) sales dealership is a free-standing facility that specializes in the sales of new RVs. Recreational vehicle services, parts and accessories sales, and substantial used RV sales may also be available. Some RV dealerships may also include boat sales and servicing. Automobile sales (new) (Land Use 840), automobile sales (used) (Land Use 841), and motorcycle dealership (Land Use 845) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at five study sites in a general urban/suburban setting. Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

0

5:00 a.m.

0

6:00 a.m.

0

7:00 a.m.

0

8:00 a.m.

31

9:00 a.m.

63

10:00 a.m.

75

11:00 a.m.

79

12:00 p.m.

81

1:00 p.m.

89

2:00 p.m.

94

3:00 p.m.

100

4:00 p.m.

78

5:00 p.m.

54

6:00 p.m.

11

7:00 p.m.

1

8:00 p.m.

0

9:00 p.m.

0

10:00 p.m.

0

11:00 p.m.

0

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

577

Additional Data The sites were surveyed in the 2010s in Texas.

Source Number 566

578

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Recreational Vehicle Sales (842) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 5 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 24

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.78

0.21 - 1.92

0.58 / 1.92

***

0.53 ( 68% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

50

P = Parked Vehicles

40

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

30

40

50

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

579

Recreational Vehicle Sales (842) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 5 Avg. Num. of Employees: 15

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.24

0.98 - 2.40

1.10 / 2.40

***

0.45 ( 36% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

50

P = Parked Vehicles

40

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

30

40

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.87(X) + 5.60

580

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.94

50

Land Use: 843 Automobile Parts Sales Description An automobile parts sales facility specializes in the sale of automobile parts for maintenance and repair. Items sold at these facilities include spark plugs, oil, batteries, and a wide range of automobile parts. These facilities are not equipped for on-site vehicle repair. Tire store (Land Use 848), tire superstore (Land Use 849), and automobile parts and service center (Land Use 943) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at eight study sites in a general urban/suburban setting. Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

–

7:00 a.m.

13

8:00 a.m.

57

9:00 a.m.

72

10:00 a.m.

100

11:00 a.m.

87

12:00 p.m.

82

1:00 p.m.

80

2:00 p.m.

95

3:00 p.m.

84

4:00 p.m.

89

5:00 p.m.

68

6:00 p.m.

57

7:00 p.m.

49

8:00 p.m.

43

9:00 p.m.

38

10:00 p.m.

3

11:00 p.m.

–

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

581

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the eight study sites with parking supply information is 5.3 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The sites were surveyed in the 2000s and the 2010s in Minnesota, Montana, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Utah.

Source Numbers 431, 529, 557, 566

582

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Automobile Parts Sales (843) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 15 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 8.1

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.70

1.22 - 2.84

1.41 / 2.39

***

0.47 ( 28% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

583

Automobile Parts Sales (843) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 1:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 6 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 9.1

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.95

1.50 - 3.11

1.76 / 3.05

***

0.52 ( 27% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

584

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Automobile Parts Sales (843) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 6 Avg. Num. of Employees: 13

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.11

0.80 - 1.67

1.05 / 1.65

***

0.27 ( 24% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

30

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.58 Ln(X) + 1.18

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.83

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

585

Land Use: 845 Motorcycle Dealership Description A motorcycle dealership specializes in the sale of new and pre-owned motorcycles. Motorcycle service and parts sales may also be available. Automobile sales (new) (Land Use 840), automobile sales (used) (Land Use 841), and recreational vehicle sales (Land Use 842) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday (one study site), a Saturday (one study site), and a Sunday (one study site). Percent of Peak Parking Demand

586

Hour Beginning

Weekday

Saturday

Sunday

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

–

–

5:00 a.m.

–

–

–

6:00 a.m.

–

–

–

7:00 a.m.

–

–

–

8:00 a.m.

–

–

–

9:00 a.m.

–

–

–

10:00 a.m.

83

58

33

11:00 a.m.

78

92

100

12:00 p.m.

78

83

83

1:00 p.m.

100

100

87

2:00 p.m.

61

75

80

3:00 p.m.

67

92

60

4:00 p.m.

67

79

60

5:00 p.m.

67

67

33

6:00 p.m.

78

50

–

7:00 p.m.

–

–

–

8:00 p.m.

–

–

–

9:00 p.m.

–

–

–

10:00 p.m.

–

–

–

11:00 p.m.

–

–

–

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the one study site with parking supply information is 5.9 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The site was surveyed in the 2000s in California.

Source Number 315

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

587

Motorcycle Dealership (845) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 2:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 10

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.78

1.78 - 1.78

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

588

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Motorcycle Dealership (845) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 10

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.38

2.38 - 2.38

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

589

Motorcycle Dealership (845) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 10

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.97

2.97 - 2.97

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

40

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

590

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use: 848 Tire Store Description The primary business associated with a tire store is the sale and marketing of tires for automotive vehicles. Services offered by these stores usually include tire installation and repair, as well as other automotive maintenance or repair services and customer assistance. These stores generally do not contain large storage or warehouse areas. Automobile parts sales (Land Use 843), tire superstore (Land Use 849), and automobile parts and service center (Land Use 943) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at seven study sites in a general urban/suburban setting. Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

0

5:00 a.m.

0

6:00 a.m.

0

7:00 a.m.

9

8:00 a.m.

33

9:00 a.m.

58

10:00 a.m.

76

11:00 a.m.

89

12:00 p.m.

100

1:00 p.m.

85

2:00 p.m.

94

3:00 p.m.

78

4:00 p.m.

64

5:00 p.m.

45

6:00 p.m.

31

7:00 p.m.

13

8:00 p.m.

2

9:00 p.m.

0

10:00 p.m.

0

11:00 p.m.

0

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

591

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the one study site with parking supply information is 5.0 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The sites were surveyed in the 1980s and the 2010s in Minnesota, New Jersey, and Texas.

Source Numbers 17, 556, 558, 568, 569

592

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Tire Store (848) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 7 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 5.3

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.85

1.86 - 6.12

2.39 / 5.94

***

1.22 ( 43% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.43 Ln(X) + 2.02

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.66

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

593

Tire Store (848) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 p.m. (single count) Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 6.0

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

4.17

4.17 - 4.17

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

2

4

6

8

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

594

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Tire Store (848) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. Num. of Employees: 8.8

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.66

1.27 - 3.00

1.31 / 3.00

***

0.78 ( 47% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

595

Land Use: 850 Supermarket Description A supermarket is a free-standing retail store selling a complete assortment of food, food preparation and wrapping materials, and household cleaning items. Supermarkets may also contain the following products and services: ATMs, automobile supplies, bakeries, books and magazines, dry cleaning, floral arrangements, greeting cards, limited-service banks, photo centers, pharmacies, and video rental areas. Some facilities may be open 24 hours a day.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday (nine study sites), a Saturday (11 study sites), and a Sunday (one study site) in a general urban/suburban setting. Percent of Peak Parking Demand

596

Hour Beginning

Weekday

Saturday

Sunday

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

–

–

5:00 a.m.

–

–

–

6:00 a.m.

–

–

–

7:00 a.m.

–

–

–

8:00 a.m.

–

–

8

9:00 a.m.

–

–

22

10:00 a.m.

59

70

50

11:00 a.m.

67

96

65

12:00 p.m.

86

99

85

1:00 p.m.

87

99

77

2:00 p.m.

93

97

85

3:00 p.m.

97

96

99

4:00 p.m.

97

100

100

5:00 p.m.

100

89

53

6:00 p.m.

99

–

42

7:00 p.m.

83

–

22

8:00 p.m.

53

–

13

9:00 p.m.

38

–

9

10:00 p.m.

20

–

3

11:00 p.m.

–

–

–

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Additional Data The average parking supply ratios for the study sites with parking supply information are as follows: ●● 5.1 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA (25 sites) in a general urban/suburban setting ●● 3.7 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA (16 sites) in a dense multi-use urban setting The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, the 2000s, and the 2010s in California, Colorado, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Illinois, Kansas, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, and Washington.

Source Numbers 11, 14, 21, 22, 23, 142, 202, 224, 231, 294, 299, 313, 421, 431, 438, 502, 504, 511, 525, 527, 556, 557, 566

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

597

Supermarket (850) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Thursday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 19 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 29

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.93

1.89 - 5.08

2.70 / 4.07

***

0.73 ( 25% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

20

40

60

80

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.99 Ln(X) + 1.08

598

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.86

100

Supermarket (850) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Friday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 8 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 34

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

4.59

2.64 - 7.59

3.20 / 6.87

***

1.60 ( 35% )

Data Plot and Equation 400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

20

40

60

80

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 5.15(X) - 19.11

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.79

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

599

Supermarket (850) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 21 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 37

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

3.64

1.54 - 7.97

2.92 / 4.82

2.99 - 4.29

1.51 ( 41% )

Data Plot and Equation 400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

20

40

60

80

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 3.62(X) + 0.57

600

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.54

100

Supermarket (850) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 28

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

3.06

2.76 - 3.62

2.87 / 3.62

***

0.36 ( 12% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

10

20

30

40

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 1.40(X) + 46.00

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.95

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

601

Supermarket (850) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Thursday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Employees: 29

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.60

0.91 - 4.84

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

10

20

30

40

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

602

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Supermarket (850) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Friday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Employees: 10.0

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.80

1.80 - 1.80

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

603

Supermarket (850) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Employees: 43

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

3.00

1.30 - 3.23

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

20

40

60

80

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

604

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Supermarket (850) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Thursday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 17 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 29

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.09

0.76 - 3.74

1.67 / 2.83

***

0.65 ( 31% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

20

40

60

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 2.15(X) - 1.73

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.72

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

605

Supermarket (850) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 36

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.43

1.70 - 2.85

2.11 / 2.85

***

0.39 ( 16% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

20

40

60

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 2.74(X) - 11.19

606

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.94

Supermarket (850) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Sunday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 5 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 30

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.10

0.99 - 3.10

1.15 / 3.10

***

0.84 ( 40% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

10

20

30

40

50

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 3.23(X) - 33.41

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.86

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

607

Land Use: 851 Convenience Market Description The convenience markets in this classification are open between 15 and 24 hours per day. These markets sell convenience foods, newspapers, magazines, and often beer and wine; they do not have gasoline pumps. Convenience market with gasoline pumps (Land Use 853) is a related use.

Additional Data The average parking supply ratios for the study sites with parking supply information are as follows: ●● 4.8 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA (two sites) in a general urban/suburban setting ●● 4.4 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA (six sites) in a dense multi-use urban setting The sites were surveyed in the 1980s and the 1990s in Florida, Missouri, New York, and Washington.

Source Numbers 21, 202, 231, 297

608

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Convenience Market (851) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: Not Available Number of Studies: 2 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 2.1

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

5.44

5.20 - 5.79

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

1

2

3

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

609

Convenience Market (851) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: Not Available Number of Studies: 7 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 2.3

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.92

1.82 - 3.95

2.53 / 3.91

***

0.82 ( 28% )

Data Plot and Equation 10

P = Parked Vehicles

8

6

4

2

0

0

1

2

3

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

610

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use: 857 Discount Club Description A discount club is a discount store or warehouse where shoppers pay a membership fee in order to take advantage of discounted prices on a wide variety of items such as food, clothing, tires, and appliances; many items are sold in large quantities or bulk. Some sites may include on-site fueling pumps.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a December weekday (two study sites), a December Saturday (one study site), a non-December weekday (four study sites), a non-December Saturday (four study sites), and a non-December Sunday (one study site) in a general urban/suburban setting. Percent of Peak Parking Demand December

Non–December

Hour Beginning

Weekday

Saturday

Weekday

Saturday

Sunday

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

–

–

–

–

5:00 a.m.

–

–

–

–

–

6:00 a.m.

–

–

–

–

–

7:00 a.m.

–

–

14

–

–

8:00 a.m.

–

–

25

–

–

9:00 a.m.

–

–

32

–

–

10:00 a.m.

–

–

44

–

25

11:00 a.m.

85

81

87

86

73

12:00 p.m.

100

86

100

100

87

1:00 p.m.

98

93

100

94

94

2:00 p.m.

85

100

98

99

99

3:00 p.m.

76

88

78

92

100

4:00 p.m.

80

75

74

94

95

5:00 p.m.

71

58

70

73

49

6:00 p.m.

–

46

71

–

–

7:00 p.m.

–

–

52

–

–

8:00 p.m.

–

–

48

–

–

9:00 p.m.

–

–

9

–

–

10:00 p.m.

–

–

3

–

–

11:00 p.m.

–

–

1

–

–

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

611

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the eight study sites with parking supply information is 4.8 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The sites were surveyed in the 1990s, the 2000s, and the 2010s in Alabama, British Columbia (CAN), California, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, and Washington.

Source Numbers 19, 219, 292, 297, 423, 433, 511, 527, 557

612

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Discount Club - Non-December (857) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 8 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 135

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.79

0.91 - 3.18

1.47 / 2.87

***

0.70 ( 39% )

Data Plot and Equation 500

P = Parked Vehicles

400

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

613

Discount Club - Non-December (857) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 7 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 133

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.73

1.99 - 4.45

2.09 / 4.22

***

0.93 ( 34% )

Data Plot and Equation 800

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

100

200

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

614

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Discount Club - December (857) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 143

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

3.12

1.92 - 4.60

2.35 / 4.60

***

1.15 ( 37% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

100

200

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

615

Discount Club - December (857) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 143

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

3.78

2.68 - 5.44

2.93 / 5.44

***

1.37 ( 36% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

800

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

100

200

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

616

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Discount Club - December (857) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 126

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

5.58

5.58 - 5.58

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

800

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

100

200

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

617

Land Use: 860 Wholesale Market Description A wholesale market generally includes large storage and distribution areas for receiving goods and shipping these goods to places such as grocery stores and restaurants. Generally, these markets are characterized by little drive-in business; truck deliveries and pick-ups take place at all hours of the day.

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the one study site in a dense multi-use urban setting with parking supply information is 2.2 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The site was surveyed in the 1980s in California.

Source Number 161

618

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Wholesale Market (860) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 3:00 - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 8.7

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.41

2.41 - 2.41

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

2

4

6

8

10

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

619

Land Use: 861 Sporting Goods Superstore Description A sporting goods superstore is a free-standing facility that specializes in the sale of athletic and outdoor-oriented merchandise. It typically offers a variety of customer services and centralized cashiering. These stores often maintain long store hours 7 days a week. Examples of items sold in these stores include outdoor/athletic clothing, sports equipment, shoes, and hunting/boating/fishing gear. Some may also carry automotive supplies. Sporting goods superstores are sometimes also found as separate parcels within a retail complex, with or without their own dedicated parking.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday (five study sites), a Saturday (two study sites), and a Sunday (one study site) in a general urban/suburban setting. Percent of Peak Parking Demand

620

Hour Beginning

Weekday

Saturday

Sunday

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

–

–

5:00 a.m.

–

–

–

6:00 a.m.

–

–

–

7:00 a.m.

–

–

–

8:00 a.m.

24

2

–

9:00 a.m.

42

11

13

10:00 a.m.

61

35

19

11:00 a.m.

81

60

66

12:00 p.m.

91

72

87

1:00 p.m.

99

83

100

2:00 p.m.

100

91

96

3:00 p.m.

100

96

77

4:00 p.m.

90

100

68

5:00 p.m.

85

92

58

6:00 p.m.

78

84

45

7:00 p.m.

75

76

24

8:00 p.m.

54

–

10

9:00 p.m.

28

–

–

10:00 p.m.

7

–

–

11:00 p.m.

–

–

–

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the six study sites with parking supply information is 4.3 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The sites were surveyed in the 1990s, the 2000s, and the 2010s in California, Minnesota, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington.

Source Numbers 274, 297, 450, 519, 523, 556

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

621

Sporting Goods Superstore (861) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 5 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 112

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.44

0.99 - 2.76

1.06 / 2.76

***

0.71 ( 49% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.97 Ln(X) + 0.54

622

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.81

Sporting Goods Superstore (861) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 2:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 124

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.48

2.18 - 4.35

2.18 / 4.35

***

0.92 ( 37% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

800

P = Parked Vehicles

600

400

200

0

0

100

200

300

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

623

Sporting Goods Superstore (861) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 50

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

3.34

3.34 - 3.34

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

20

40

60

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

624

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Sporting Goods Superstore (861) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Employees: 70

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.81

0.35 - 1.42

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

20

40

60

80

100

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

625

Sporting Goods Superstore (861) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 2:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Employees: 65

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.15

0.73 - 4.44

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

20

40

60

80

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

626

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

100

Sporting Goods Superstore (861) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Employees: 50

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

3.34

3.34 - 3.34

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

20

40

60

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

627

Sporting Goods Superstore (861) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 80

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.19

2.19 - 2.19

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

20

40

60

80

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

628

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

100

Sporting Goods Superstore (861) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Sunday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 80

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.53

2.53 - 2.53

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

20

40

60

80

100

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

629

Sporting Goods Superstore (861) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Employees: 380

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.46

0.46 - 0.46

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

400

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

630

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Sporting Goods Superstore (861) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Sunday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Employees: 380

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.53

0.53 - 0.53

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

400

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

631

Land Use: 862 Home Improvement Superstore Description A home improvement superstore is a free-standing facility that specializes in the sale of home improvement merchandise. These stores generally offer a variety of customer services and centralized cashiering. Home improvement superstores typically maintain long store hours 7 days a week. Examples of items sold in these stores include lumber, tools, paint, lighting, wallpaper and paneling, kitchen and bathroom fixtures, lawn equipment, and plant and garden accessories. The stores included in this land use are often the only ones on the site, but they can also be found in mutual operation with a related or unrelated garden center. Home improvement superstores are sometimes found as separate parcels within a retail complex, with or without their own dedicated parking. The buildings contained in this land use typically range in size between 50,000 and 200,000 square feet gross floor area. This land use does not include interior design stores. Building materials and lumber store (Land Use 812) and hardware/paint store (Land Use 816) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a Friday (26 study sites) and a Saturday (30 study sites) in a general urban/suburban setting. Percent of Peak Parking Demand

632

Hour Beginning

Friday

Saturday

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

–

5:00 a.m.

–

–

6:00 a.m.

–

–

7:00 a.m.

18

–

8:00 a.m.

36

–

9:00 a.m.

57

–

10:00 a.m.

86

59

11:00 a.m.

99

82

12:00 p.m.

100

95

1:00 p.m.

97

100

2:00 p.m.

98

93

3:00 p.m.

92

95

4:00 p.m.

87

80

5:00 p.m.

79

74

6:00 p.m.

76

74

7:00 p.m.

81

–

8:00 p.m.

90

–

9:00 p.m.

70

–

10:00 p.m.

–

–

11:00 p.m.

–

–

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Additional Data Outside storage areas are not included in the overall gross floor area measurements. However, if storage areas are located within the principal outside faces of the exterior walls, they are included in the overall gross floor area of the building. Garden centers contained within the principal outside faces of the exterior building walls are included in the gross square floor areas reported. Outdoor or fenced-in areas outside the principal faces of the exterior building walls are excluded. The average parking supply ratio for the 29 study sites with parking supply information is 4.9 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, and the 2000s in California, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, and Texas. To assist in the future analysis of this land use, it is important to collect and include information on the presence and size of garden centers and other outdoor fenced-in space for future parking demand data submissions.

Source Numbers 152, 153, 174, 215, 436

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

633

Home Improvement Superstore (862) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Friday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m.; 8:00 - 9:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 34 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 93

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.42

1.47 - 4.71

1.87 / 3.25

2.15 - 2.69

0.79 ( 33% )

Data Plot and Equation 500

P = Parked Vehicles

400

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

634

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Home Improvement Superstore (862) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 35 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 96

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

3.36

2.30 - 4.64

3.07 / 4.41

3.12 - 3.60

0.73 ( 22% )

Data Plot and Equation 500

P = Parked Vehicles

400

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

635

Home Improvement Superstore (862) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 114

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.44

1.86 - 2.85

2.15 / 2.85

***

0.58 ( 24% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

400

P = Parked Vehicles

300

200

100

0

0

100

200

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

636

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use: 863 Electronics Superstore Description An electronics superstore is a free-standing facility that specializes in the sale of electronic merchandise. These facilities generally offer a variety of customer services and centralized cashiering. Electronics superstores typically maintain long store hours 7 days a week. Examples of items sold in these stores include televisions, audio and video players and recorders, software, telephones, computers, and general electronic accessories. Major home appliances may also be sold at these facilities. Electronics superstores are sometimes found as separate parcels within a retail complex, with or without their own dedicated parking.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at three study sites in a general urban/suburban setting. Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

4

7:00 a.m.

15

8:00 a.m.

16

9:00 a.m.

21

10:00 a.m.

62

11:00 a.m.

83

12:00 p.m.

94

1:00 p.m.

98

2:00 p.m.

100

3:00 p.m.

94

4:00 p.m.

87

5:00 p.m.

97

6:00 p.m.

96

7:00 p.m.

74

8:00 p.m.

65

9:00 p.m.

39

10:00 p.m.

6

11:00 p.m.

–

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

637

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the one study site in a dense multi-use urban setting with parking supply information is 2.3 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The sites were surveyed in the 1990s, the 2000s, and the 2010s in Minnesota, Pennsylvania, and Washington.

Source Numbers 168, 297, 555

638

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Electronics Superstore (863) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 34

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.02

1.35 - 3.03

1.48 / 3.03

***

0.82 ( 41% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

10

20

30

40

50

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

639

Electronics Superstore (863) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 46

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.91

1.91 - 1.91

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

10

20

30

40

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

640

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

50

Land Use: 864 Toy/Children’s Superstore Description A toy/children’s superstore is a free-standing facility that specializes in the sale of child-oriented merchandise. These facilities generally offer a variety of customer services and centralized cashiering. Toy/children’s superstores typically maintain long store hours 7 days a week. Examples of items sold in these stores include board and video games, toys, bicycles/tricycles, wagons, outdoor play equipment, and school supplies. Some may also carry children’s clothing. Toy/children’s superstores are sometimes found as separate parcels within a retail complex, with or without their own dedicated parking.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at one study site in a general urban/suburban setting. Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

–

7:00 a.m.

–

8:00 a.m.

–

9:00 a.m.

–

10:00 a.m.

–

11:00 a.m.

70

12:00 p.m.

76

1:00 p.m.

79

2:00 p.m.

97

3:00 p.m.

85

4:00 p.m.

79

5:00 p.m.

88

6:00 p.m.

100

7:00 p.m.

–

8:00 p.m.

–

9:00 p.m.

–

10:00 p.m.

–

11:00 p.m.

–

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

641

Additional Data The site was surveyed in the 2000s in Pennsylvania.

Source Number 168

642

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Toy/Children's Superstore (864) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 2:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 17

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.94

1.94 - 1.94

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

40

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

643

Land Use: 866 Pet Supply Superstore Description A pet supply superstore is a free-standing facility that specializes in the sale of pets and pet supplies, food, and accessories. These facilities generally offer a variety of customer services, have centralized cashiering, and maintain long store hours 7 days a week. Pet supply superstores are sometimes found as separate parcels within a retail complex, with or without their own dedicated off-street parking.

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the two study sites with parking supply information is 4.0 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The sites were surveyed in the 1990s and the 2000s in New Jersey and Washington.

Source Numbers 297, 421

644

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Pet Supply Superstore (866) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 27

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.66

0.66 - 0.66

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

10

20

30

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

645

Pet Supply Superstore (866) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 2:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 27

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.17

1.17 - 1.17

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

40

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

30

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

646

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Pet Supply Superstore (866) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 15

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.17

1.17 - 1.17

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

647

Land Use: 867 Office Supply Superstore Description An office supply superstore is a free-standing facility that specializes in the sale of office equipment and supplies including computers, paper, furniture, and desk accessories. These facilities may offer a variety of business services including administrative, communications, custom printing, and Internet services. The stores generally have centralized cashiering and maintain long store hours 7 days a week. Office supply superstores are sometimes found as separate parcels within a retail complex, with or without their own dedicated off-street parking.

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the one study site with parking supply information is 1.3 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The site was surveyed in the 1990s in Washington.

Source Number 297

648

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Office Supply Superstore (867) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 p.m. (single count) Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 64

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.61

0.61 - 0.61

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

40

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

20

40

60

80

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

649

Land Use: 868 Book Superstore Description A book superstore is a free-standing facility that specializes in the sale of books. Some stores may also include audio/video sales. Some book superstores have small cafés as ancillary facilities. The stores generally have centralized cashiering and maintain long store hours 7 days a week. Book superstores are sometimes found as separate parcels within a retail complex, with or without their own dedicated off-street parking.

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the one study site in a dense multi-use urban setting with parking supply information is 1.1 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The site was surveyed in the 1990s in Washington.

Source Number 297

650

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Book Superstore (868) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 4:00 p.m. (single count) Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 92

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.89

0.89 - 0.89

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

20

40

60

80

100

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

651

Land Use: 869 Discount Home Furnishing Superstore Description A discount home furnishing superstore is a free-standing facility that sells an extensive variety of home furnishings and accessories. These facilities typically have showrooms that display products, many of which require assembly. The superstores are typically larger than 100,000 gross square feet in size. These superstores maintain self-serve, on-site inventories of their products within the facilities; customers pick up most of their items from these inventory locations prior to completing their purchases. Some may include convenience services, such as small restaurants and children’s play areas. The stores generally have centralized cashiering and maintain long store hours 7 days a week. Discount home furnishing superstores are sometimes found as separate parcels within a retail complex, with or without their own dedicated off-street parking. Furniture store (Land Use 890) is a related use.

Additional Data The study site is located less than 1/4-mile from a rail transit station. The average parking supply ratio for the one study site in a general urban/suburban setting with parking supply information is 4.3 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The site was surveyed in the 2000s in Oregon.

Source Number 521

652

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Discount Home Furnishing Superstore (869) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 280

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

3.53

3.53 - 3.53

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

1000

P = Parked Vehicles

800

600

400

200

0

0

100

200

300

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

653

Land Use: 876 Apparel Store Description An apparel store is an individual store specializing in the sale of clothing.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at one study site in a general urban/suburban setting. Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

–

7:00 a.m.

–

8:00 a.m.

–

9:00 a.m.

–

10:00 a.m.

–

11:00 a.m.

–

12:00 p.m.

–

1:00 p.m.

82

2:00 p.m.

88

3:00 p.m.

100

4:00 p.m.

65

5:00 p.m.

65

6:00 p.m.

47

7:00 p.m.

59

8:00 p.m.

47

9:00 p.m.

–

10:00 p.m.

–

11:00 p.m.

–

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the two study sites in a general urban/suburban setting with parking supply information is 8.2 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The sites were surveyed in the 1980s in New York.

Source Number 21

654

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Apparel Store (876) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 15

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.13

1.13 - 1.13

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

655

Apparel Store (876) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 14

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.66

2.13 - 3.30

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

50

P = Parked Vehicles

40

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

656

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Apparel Store (876) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 15

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.87

0.87 - 0.87

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

657

Land Use: 880 Pharmacy/Drugstore without Drive-Through Window Description A pharmacy/drugstore is a retail facility that primarily sells prescription and non-prescription drugs. These facilities may also sell cosmetics, toiletries, medications, stationery, personal care products, limited food products, and general merchandise. The drug stores in this category do not contain drivethrough windows. Pharmacy/drugstore with drive-through window (Land Use 881) is a related use.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at one study site in a general urban/suburban setting.

658

Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

–

7:00 a.m.

–

8:00 a.m.

–

9:00 a.m.

–

10:00 a.m.

41

11:00 a.m.

41

12:00 p.m.

41

1:00 p.m.

55

2:00 p.m.

59

3:00 p.m.

100

4:00 p.m.

68

5:00 p.m.

59

6:00 p.m.

73

7:00 p.m.

50

8:00 p.m.

–

9:00 p.m.

–

10:00 p.m.

–

11:00 p.m.

–

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the four study sites in a general urban/suburban setting with parking supply information is 5.8 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. One site in a dense multi-use urban setting has a parking supply ratio of 3.8 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, the 2000s, and the 2010s in Illinois, New Jersey, New York, and Texas.

Source Numbers 21, 94, 433, 525

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

659

Pharmacy/Drugstore without Drive-Through Window (880) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 2:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 12

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.19

1.47 - 3.58

1.74 / 3.58

***

0.96 ( 44% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

50

P = Parked Vehicles

40

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

660

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Pharmacy/Drugstore without Drive-Through Window (880) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 11

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.82

1.82 - 1.82

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

661

Pharmacy/Drugstore without Drive-Through Window (880) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 2:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 24

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.51

0.51 - 0.51

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

10

20

30

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

662

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Pharmacy/Drugstore without Drive-Through Window (880) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 24

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.60

0.60 - 0.60

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

10

20

30

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

663

Land Use: 881 Pharmacy/Drugstore with Drive-Through Window Description A pharmacy/drugstore is a retail facility that primarily sells prescription and non-prescription drugs. These facilities may also sell cosmetics, toiletries, medications, stationery, personal care products, limited food products, and general merchandise. The drug stores in this category contain drive-through windows. Pharmacy/drugstore without a drive-through window (Land Use 880) is a related use.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday (eight study sites), a Saturday (one study site), and a Sunday (one study site) in a general urban/suburban setting. Percent of Peak Parking Demand

664

Hour Beginning

Weekday

Saturday

Sunday

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

–

–

5:00 a.m.

–

–

–

6:00 a.m.

–

–

–

7:00 a.m.

7

–

–

8:00 a.m.

24

11

15

9:00 a.m.

41

37

10

10:00 a.m.

37

63

55

11:00 a.m.

79

79

65

12:00 p.m.

82

74

95

1:00 p.m.

93

84

90

2:00 p.m.

97

100

100

3:00 p.m.

88

58

95

4:00 p.m.

95

53

90

5:00 p.m.

100

42

85

6:00 p.m.

82

26

60

7:00 p.m.

65

42

20

8:00 p.m.

–

16

5

9:00 p.m.

–

–

–

10:00 p.m.

–

–

–

11:00 p.m.

–

–

–

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the 16 study sites in a general urban/suburban setting with parking supply information is 4.9 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. Two sites in a dense multi-use urban setting have an average parking supply ratio of 3.1 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The sites were surveyed in the 1990s, the 2000s, and the 2010s in California, Illinois, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Washington.

Source Numbers 226, 423, 428, 429, 431, 432, 433, 525, 527, 556, 558, 566

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

665

Pharmacy/Drugstore with Drive-Through Window (881) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 26 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 12

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.27

0.79 - 4.36

1.82 / 3.41

1.92 - 2.62

0.92 ( 41% )

Data Plot and Equation 80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

666

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Pharmacy/Drugstore with Drive-Through Window (881) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 22 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 11

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.07

0.97 - 3.58

1.83 / 2.84

1.81 - 2.33

0.63 ( 30% )

Data Plot and Equation 50

P = Parked Vehicles

40

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

667

Pharmacy/Drugstore with Drive-Through Window (881) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 12

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.25

1.64 - 3.06

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

40

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

668

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Pharmacy/Drugstore with Drive-Through Window (881) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. Num. of Employees: 22

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.31

0.75 - 2.00

1.12 / 2.00

***

0.44 ( 34% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

50

P = Parked Vehicles

40

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

30

40

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 1.08(X) + 5.04

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.63

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

669

Pharmacy/Drugstore with Drive-Through Window (881) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. Num. of Employees: 17

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.48

1.00 - 2.58

1.10 / 2.58

***

0.76 ( 51% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

40

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

30

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

670

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Pharmacy/Drugstore with Drive-Through Window (881) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 11

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.89

1.57 - 2.49

1.59 / 2.49

***

0.51 ( 27% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

671

Pharmacy/Drugstore with Drive-Through Window (881) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 11

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.44

1.44 - 1.44

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

672

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Pharmacy/Drugstore with Drive-Through Window (881) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Sunday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 10

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.28

1.28 - 1.28

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

673

Land Use: 882 Marijuana Dispensary Description A marijuana dispensary is a standalone facility where cannabis is sold to patients or consumers in a legal manner.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at four study sites in a general urban/suburban setting. Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

2

7:00 a.m.

8

8:00 a.m.

35

9:00 a.m.

47

10:00 a.m.

67

11:00 a.m.

82

12:00 p.m.

88

1:00 p.m.

90

2:00 p.m.

100

3:00 p.m.

80

4:00 p.m.

88

5:00 p.m.

84

6:00 p.m.

86

7:00 p.m.

35

8:00 p.m.

4

9:00 p.m.

2

10:00 p.m.

–

11:00 p.m.

–

Additional Data The sites were surveyed in the 2010s in Colorado.

Source Number 555

674

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Marijuana Dispensary (882) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 2.2

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

7.19

4.10 - 20.60

4.25 / 20.60

***

6.18 ( 86% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

1

2

3

4

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

675

Land Use: 890 Furniture Store Description A furniture store is a full-service retail facility that specializes in the sale of furniture and often carpeting. Furniture stores are generally large and may include storage areas. The sites surveyed included both traditional retail furniture stores and warehouse stores with showrooms. Although some home accessories may be sold, furniture stores primarily focus on the sale of pre-assembled furniture. A majority of items sold at these facilities must be ordered for delivery. Discount home furnishing superstore (Land Use 869) is a related use.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday (six study sites), a Saturday (five study sites), and a Sunday (one study site) in a general urban/suburban setting. Percent of Peak Parking Demand

676

Hour Beginning

Weekday

Saturday

Sunday

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

–

–

5:00 a.m.

–

–

–

6:00 a.m.

–

–

–

7:00 a.m.

–

–

–

8:00 a.m.

–

–

–

9:00 a.m.

67

–

–

10:00 a.m.

67

–

30

11:00 a.m.

78

–

51

12:00 p.m.

100

76

87

1:00 p.m.

84

70

100

2:00 p.m.

82

88

97

3:00 p.m.

89

100

–

4:00 p.m.

89

95

–

5:00 p.m.

98

70

–

6:00 p.m.

51

–

–

7:00 p.m.

53

–

–

8:00 p.m.

42

–

–

9:00 p.m.

7

–

–

10:00 p.m.

–

–

–

11:00 p.m.

–

–

–

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the six study sites in a general urban/suburban setting with parking supply information is 2.8 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. One site in a dense multi-use urban setting has a parking supply ratio of 0.5 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The sites were surveyed in the 1990s, the 2000s, and the 2010s in Massachusetts, Oregon, and Texas.

Source Numbers 206, 274, 278, 436, 566, 567

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

677

Furniture Store (890) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 7 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 23

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.48

0.36 - 0.88

0.43 / 0.86

***

0.15 ( 31% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

20

40

60

80

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.39(X) + 2.07

678

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.96

Furniture Store (890) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 2:00 - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 7 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 43

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.96

0.76 - 1.64

0.87 / 1.58

***

0.23 ( 24% )

Data Plot and Equation 80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

20

40

60

80

100

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.72(X) + 10.16

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.88

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

679

Furniture Store (890) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 2:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 47

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.43

1.43 - 1.43

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

10

20

30

40

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

680

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

50

Furniture Store (890) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 5 Avg. Num. of Employees: 5.8

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.97

0.60 - 1.50

0.75 / 1.50

***

0.36 ( 37% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

10

P = Parked Vehicles

8

6

4

2

0

0

10

20

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.52(X) + 2.56

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.66

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

681

Furniture Store (890) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 2:00 - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. Num. of Employees: 27

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.63

1.40 - 2.40

1.40 / 2.40

***

0.46 ( 28% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

20

40

60

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.77 Ln(X) + 1.28

682

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.90

Furniture Store (890) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 2:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Employees: 30

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.23

2.23 - 2.23

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

10

20

30

40

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

683

Furniture Store (890) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 2:00 - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 15

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.67

0.67 - 0.67

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

684

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Furniture Store (890) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Saturday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 2:00 - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Employees: 7.0

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.43

1.43 - 1.43

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

2

4

6

8

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

685

Land Use: 892 Carpet Store Description A carpet store is a full-service retail facility that specializes in the sale of carpeting.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday (one study site) and a Saturday (five study sites) in a general urban/suburban setting. Percent of Peak Parking Demand

686

Hour Beginning

Weekday

Saturday

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

–

5:00 a.m.

–

–

6:00 a.m.

–

–

7:00 a.m.

–

–

8:00 a.m.

–

–

9:00 a.m.

–

–

10:00 a.m.

–

–

11:00 a.m.

–

76

12:00 p.m.

–

86

1:00 p.m.

75

95

2:00 p.m.

100

100

3:00 p.m.

69

86

4:00 p.m.

88

67

5:00 p.m.

63

–

6:00 p.m.

81

–

7:00 p.m.

63

–

8:00 p.m.

–

–

9:00 p.m.

–

–

10:00 p.m.

–

–

11:00 p.m.

–

–

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the five study sites in a general urban/suburban setting with parking supply information is 3.9 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. Two sites in a dense multi-use urban setting have an average parking supply ratio of 1.4 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, and the 2000s in California, Illinois, and Oregon.

Source Numbers 11, 201, 278, 312

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

687

Carpet Store (892) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 2:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 12

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.28

0.90 - 1.60

1.09 / 1.60

***

0.39 ( 30% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

688

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Carpet Store (892) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 5 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 9.8

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.54

0.78 - 3.00

0.89 / 3.00

***

0.82 ( 53% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

689

Carpet Store (892) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 2:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Employees: 18

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.89

0.89 - 0.89

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

690

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Carpet Store (892) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. Num. of Employees: 8.3

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.68

1.11 - 5.00

1.32 / 5.00

***

1.53 ( 91% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

691

Carpet Store (892) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 8.5

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.00

0.88 - 3.00

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

692

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Carpet Store (892) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Saturday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Employees: 4.5

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.89

1.50 - 2.00

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

2

4

6

8

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

693

Land Use: 899 Liquor Store Description A liquor store specializes in the sale of prepackaged alcoholic beverages intended to be consumed off the store’s premises.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday (four study sites) and a Saturday (one study site) in a general urban/suburban setting. Percent of Peak Parking Demand

694

Hour Beginning

Weekday

Saturday

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

–

5:00 a.m.

–

–

6:00 a.m.

–

–

7:00 a.m.

–

–

8:00 a.m.

5

–

9:00 a.m.

27

–

10:00 a.m.

59

–

11:00 a.m.

80

50

12:00 p.m.

54

71

1:00 p.m.

46

93

2:00 p.m.

80

100

3:00 p.m.

85

86

4:00 p.m.

83

93

5:00 p.m.

90

79

6:00 p.m.

100

79

7:00 p.m.

66

–

8:00 p.m.

71

–

9:00 p.m.

56

–

10:00 p.m.

17

–

11:00 p.m.

–

–

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the six study sites in a general urban/suburban setting with parking supply information is 5.5 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. One site in a dense multi-use urban setting has a parking supply ratio of 4.2 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 2000s, and the 2010s in Illinois, Minnesota, and New Jersey.

Source Numbers 201, 531, 540, 556, 557, 558

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

695

Liquor Store (899) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 3:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 10 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 8.1

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.72

1.38 - 2.98

1.49 / 2.79

***

0.48 ( 28% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 1.14(X) + 4.71

696

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.73

Liquor Store (899) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 6 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 7.3

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.23

0.75 - 2.55

1.06 / 2.49

***

0.54 ( 44% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

697

Land Use: 912 Drive-In Bank Description A drive-in bank provides banking facilities for motorists who conduct financial transactions from their vehicles. The drive-in lanes may or may not provide automatic teller machines (ATMs). All sites in database also provide walk-in services.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at 25 study sites in a general urban/suburban setting.

698

Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

–

7:00 a.m.

7

8:00 a.m.

24

9:00 a.m.

62

10:00 a.m.

82

11:00 a.m.

90

12:00 p.m.

85

1:00 p.m.

88

2:00 p.m.

92

3:00 p.m.

100

4:00 p.m.

92

5:00 p.m.

72

6:00 p.m.

36

7:00 p.m.

9

8:00 p.m.

–

9:00 p.m.

–

10:00 p.m.

–

11:00 p.m.

–

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Additional Data Parking demand does not include vehicles queued at drive-in lanes. The average parking supply ratio for the 11 study sites in a general urban/suburban setting with parking supply information is 7.2 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The sites were surveyed in the 2000s and the 2010s in New Jersey, New York, Tennessee, Texas, and Washington.

Source Numbers 411, 445, 503, 527, 530, 567

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

699

Drive-in Bank (912) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 39 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 5.5

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

3.72

1.50 - 7.91

3.10 / 6.00

3.27 - 4.17

1.42 ( 38% )

Data Plot and Equation 80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

10

20

30

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 3.62(X) + 0.57

700

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.77

Drive-in Bank (912) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 17 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 4.5

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

3.05

1.44 - 8.00

2.49 / 4.77

***

1.40 ( 46% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

701

Drive-in Bank (912) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 15 Avg. Num. of Employees: 24

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.32

0.63 - 2.42

1.12 / 1.89

***

0.45 ( 34% )

Data Plot and Equation 80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

20

40

60

80

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.96 Ln(X) + 0.41

702

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.79

100

Drive-in Bank (912) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 9:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Employees: 19

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.76

0.60 - 0.94

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

10

20

30

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

703

Land Use: 920 Copy, Print and Express Ship Store Description A copy, print, and express ship store is a facility that offers a variety of copying, printing, binding, and shipping services. Retail sales of a limited range of office-related items including packing and shipping supplies are also commonly available. Technology services, such as computer rental and wireless Internet may also be provided. Copy, print, and express ship stores typically maintain long store hours 7 days a week. Some stores may be open 24 hours a day.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at one study site in a general urban/suburban setting.

704

Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

–

7:00 a.m.

31

8:00 a.m.

62

9:00 a.m.

62

10:00 a.m.

77

11:00 a.m.

69

12:00 p.m.

77

1:00 p.m.

85

2:00 p.m.

77

3:00 p.m.

92

4:00 p.m.

62

5:00 p.m.

46

6:00 p.m.

100

7:00 p.m.

–

8:00 p.m.

–

9:00 p.m.

–

10:00 p.m.

–

11:00 p.m.

–

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the one study site in a general urban/suburban setting with parking supply information is 8.1 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The site was surveyed in the 2000s in Texas.

Source Number 408

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

705

Copy, Print, and Express Ship Store (920) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 4.3

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

3.01

3.01 - 3.01

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

1

2

3

4

5

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

706

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use: 930 Fast Casual Restaurant Description A fast casual restaurant is a sit-down restaurant with no (or very limited) wait staff or table service. Customers typically order off a menu board, pay for food before the food is prepared and seat themselves. The menu generally contains higher quality made to order food items with fewer frozen or processed ingredients than at a fast food restaurant. Most patrons eat their meal within the restaurant, but a significant proportion of the restaurant sales are carry-out orders. The restaurants typically serve lunch and dinner; some serve breakfast. A typical duration of stay for an eat-in customer is 40 minutes or less. Quality restaurant (Land Use 931), high-turnover (sit-down) restaurant (Land Use 932), fast-food restaurant without drive-through window (Land Use 933), and fast-food restaurant with drive-through window (Land Use 934) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday (three study sites) and a Saturday (one study site) in a general urban/suburban setting. Percent of Peak Parking Demand Hour Beginning

Weekday

Saturday

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

–

5:00 a.m.

–

–

6:00 a.m.

2

–

7:00 a.m.

2

–

8:00 a.m.

5

3

9:00 a.m.

14

7

10:00 a.m.

17

7

11:00 a.m.

18

27

12:00 p.m.

100

70

1:00 p.m.

75

80

2:00 p.m.

45

100

3:00 p.m.

31

57

4:00 p.m.

23

43

5:00 p.m.

49

60

6:00 p.m.

77

87

7:00 p.m.

69

53

8:00 p.m.

28

43

9:00 p.m.

20

33

10:00 p.m.

11

20

11:00 p.m.

–

–

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

707

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the one study site in a general urban/suburban setting with parking supply information is 11 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The sites were surveyed in the 2010s in California and Minnesota.

Source Numbers 543, 556, 557

708

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fast Casual Restaurant (930) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 1:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 3.1

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

9.93

8.57 - 11.03

8.86 / 11.03

***

1.23 ( 12% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

50

P = Parked Vehicles

40

30

20

10

0

0

1

2

3

4

5

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 8.92(X) + 3.08

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.93

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

709

Fast Casual Restaurant (930) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 2:00 p.m.; 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 3.9

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

8.75

7.42 - 11.03

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

40

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

1

2

3

4

5

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

710

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use: 931 Quality Restaurant Description This land use consists of high quality, full-service eating establishments with a typical duration of stay of at least one hour. They are also commonly referred to as fine dining. Quality restaurants generally do not serve breakfast; some do not serve lunch; all serve dinner. This type of restaurant often requests and sometimes requires a reservation and is generally not part of a chain. A patron commonly waits to be seated, is served by wait staff, orders from a menu and pays after the meal. Some of the study sites have lounge or bar facilities (serving alcoholic beverages), but they are ancillary to the restaurant. Fast casual restaurant (Land Use 930) and high-turnover (sit-down) restaurant (Land Use 932) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a Monday-throughThursday weekday (one study site) and a Friday (one study site) in a general urban/suburban setting. Percent of Peak Parking Demand Hour Beginning

Weekday

Friday

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

–

5:00 a.m.

–

–

6:00 a.m.

–

–

7:00 a.m.

–

–

8:00 a.m.

–

–

9:00 a.m.

–

–

10:00 a.m.

–

–

11:00 a.m.

20

11

12:00 p.m.

51

37

1:00 p.m.

56

54

2:00 p.m.

40

29

3:00 p.m.

27

22

4:00 p.m.

27

14

5:00 p.m.

39

18

6:00 p.m.

71

42

7:00 p.m.

100

91

8:00 p.m.

97

100

9:00 p.m.

–

–

10:00 p.m.

–

–

11:00 p.m.

–

–

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

711

Additional Data Any outdoor seating area is not included in the overall gross floor area. Therefore, the number of seats may be a more reliable independent variable on which to establish parking generation rates for facilities having significant outdoor seating. The average parking supply ratios for the study sites with parking supply information are as follows: ●● in a general urban/suburban setting, 23 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA (nine sites) and 0.7 spaces per seat (seven sites) ●● in a dense multi-use urban setting, 12 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA (five sites) and 0.3 spaces per seat (five sites) The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, the 2000s, and the 2010s in California, Illinois, Indiana, New Jersey, New York, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and Texas.

Source Numbers 21, 22, 47, 154, 168, 201, 274, 418, 431, 531

712

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Quality Restaurant (931) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Thursday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 7:00 - 8:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 6.5

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

10.52

5.46 - 15.35

5.95 / 15.35

***

5.31 ( 50% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

2

4

6

8

10

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

713

Quality Restaurant (931) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Friday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 7:00 - 9:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 11 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 6.1

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

14.84

7.84 - 29.70

11.93 / 22.52

***

5.32 ( 36% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 10.11(X) + 28.96

714

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.60

Quality Restaurant (931) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 7:00 - 8:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 5.3

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

17.00

12.30 - 20.57

14.05 / 20.57

***

3.17 ( 19% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

2

4

6

8

10

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 19.19(X) - 11.51

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.94

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

715

Quality Restaurant (931) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Seats On a: Weekday (Monday - Thursday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 7:00 - 8:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Seats: 140

Peak Period Parking Demand per Seat Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.52

0.20 - 0.60

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Seats

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

716

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Quality Restaurant (931) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Seats On a: Friday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 7:00 - 9:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 9 Avg. Num. of Seats: 189

Peak Period Parking Demand per Seat Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.47

0.24 - 1.00

0.33 / 0.86

***

0.22 ( 47% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

400

X = Number of Seats

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

717

Quality Restaurant (931) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Seats On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 7:00 - 8:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. Num. of Seats: 177

Peak Period Parking Demand per Seat Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.46

0.14 - 0.63

0.34 / 0.63

***

0.19 ( 41% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

400

X = Number of Seats

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.59(X) - 23.12

718

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.82

Quality Restaurant (931) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Thursday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 7:00 - 8:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Employees: 10.0

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.20

1.20 - 1.20

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

719

Quality Restaurant (931) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Friday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 7:00 - 9:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Employees: 25

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

3.28

3.28 - 3.28

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

10

20

30

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

720

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Quality Restaurant (931) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 7:00 - 8:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Employees: 23

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

3.80

2.70 - 4.11

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

10

20

30

40

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

721

Quality Restaurant (931) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Friday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 7:00 - 9:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 5.2

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

9.81

7.87 - 14.27

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

2

4

6

8

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

722

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Quality Restaurant (931) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 7:00 - 8:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 4.2

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

14.08

8.77 - 23.84

10.85 / 23.84

***

7.42 ( 53% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

2

4

6

8

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

723

Quality Restaurant (931) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Seats On a: Friday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 7:00 - 9:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Seats: 172

Peak Period Parking Demand per Seat Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.30

0.24 - 0.36

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Seats

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

724

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Quality Restaurant (931) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Seats On a: Saturday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 7:00 - 8:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. Num. of Seats: 168

Peak Period Parking Demand per Seat Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.35

0.23 - 0.47

0.30 / 0.47

***

0.14 ( 40% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Seats

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

725

Land Use: 932 High-Turnover (Sit-Down) Restaurant Description This land use consists of sit-down, full-service eating establishments with a typical duration of stay of 60 minutes or less. They are commonly referred to as casual dining. This type of restaurant is usually moderately priced and frequently belongs to a restaurant chain. Generally, these restaurants serve lunch and dinner; they may also be open for breakfast and are sometimes open 24 hours a day. These restaurants typically do not accept reservations. A patron commonly waits to be seated, is served by wait staff, orders from a menu, and pays after the meal. Some facilities offer carry-out for a small proportion of its customers. Some facilities within this land use may also contain lounge or bar area for serving food and alcoholic drinks. Fast casual restaurant (Land Use 930), quality restaurant (Land Use 931), fast-food restaurant without drive-through window (Land Use 933), and fast-food restaurant with drive-through window (Land Use 934) are related uses. The analysis of parking demand for this land use has identified different parking demand rates between high-turnover restaurants with and without lounges. The term “family restaurant” is used interchangeably as an abbreviated version of “high-turnover (sit-down) restaurant without lounge or bar facilities.”

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at family restaurants that serve breakfast, lunch, and dinner (12 study sites); family restaurants that serve lunch and dinner (38 sites), and restaurants with a lounge or bar (four sites). Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

726

Hour Beginning

Family (breakfast, lunch, and dinner)

Family (lunch and dinner)

Lounge or Bar

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

–

–

5:00 a.m.

–

–

–

6:00 a.m.

10

–

–

7:00 a.m.

25

–

–

8:00 a.m.

68

–

–

9:00 a.m.

72

–

–

10:00 a.m.

77

26

9

11:00 a.m.

83

43

15

12:00 p.m.

100

95

100

1:00 p.m.

91

95

81

2:00 p.m.

56

49

54

3:00 p.m.

42

39

33

4:00 p.m.

42

37

26

5:00 p.m.

64

62

29

6:00 p.m.

87

99

58

7:00 p.m.

79

100

70

8:00 p.m.

65

83

77

9:00 p.m.

42

51

61

10:00 p.m.

21

28

41

11:00 p.m.

–

–

–

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a Saturday at family restaurants that serve breakfast, lunch, and dinner (six study sites); family restaurants that serve lunch and dinner (10 sites), and restaurants with a lounge or bar (six sites). Percent of Saturday Peak Parking Demand Hour Beginning

Family (breakfast, lunch, and dinner)

Family (lunch and dinner)

Lounge or Bar

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

–

–

5:00 a.m.

–

–

–

6:00 a.m.

15

–

–

7:00 a.m.

28

–

–

8:00 a.m.

52

–

–

9:00 a.m.

75

–

–

10:00 a.m.

91

87

15

11:00 a.m.

100

90

23

12:00 p.m.

90

100

37

1:00 p.m.

80

98

50

2:00 p.m.

67

85

44

3:00 p.m.

45

73

37

4:00 p.m.

39

58

48

5:00 p.m.

40

63

64

6:00 p.m.

40

76

90

7:00 p.m.

58

78

100

8:00 p.m.

40

76

89

9:00 p.m.

35

55

71

10:00 p.m.

33

46

56

11:00 p.m.

–

–

–

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

727

Additional Data The outdoor seating area is not included in the overall gross floor area. Therefore, the number of seats may be a more reliable independent variable on which to establish parking generation rates for facilities having significant outdoor seating. The average parking supply ratios for the study sites with parking supply information are as follows: ●● in a general urban/suburban setting, 15 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA (53 sites) and 0.5 spaces per seat (42 sites) ●● in a dense multi-use urban setting, 7 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA (six sites) and 0.4 spaces per seat (one site) The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, the 2000s, and the 2010s in California, Connecticut, Florida, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Washington.

Source Numbers 8, 9, 21, 22, 47, 168, 182, 201, 218, 274, 276, 299, 527, 531, 556, 557, 567, 568

728

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

High-Turnover (Sit Down) Restaurant - Family (932) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Thursday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 1:00 p.m.; 6:00 - 8:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 51 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 4.5

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

9.44

2.35 - 27.78

6.39 / 17.40

7.96 - 10.92

5.38 ( 57% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

729

High-Turnover (Sit Down) Restaurant - Family (932) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Friday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 1:00 p.m.; 6:00 - 8:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 5 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 4.0

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

11.33

7.21 - 17.64

7.35 / 17.64

***

4.34 ( 38% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

2

4

6

8

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

730

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

High-Turnover (Sit Down) Restaurant - Family (932) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.; 6:00 - 9:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 14 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 3.8

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

12.28

7.03 - 26.49

8.17 / 24.91

***

6.10 ( 50% )

Data Plot and Equation 100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

2

4

6

8

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

731

High-Turnover (Sit Down) Restaurant - Family (932) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.; 5:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 5 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 5.4

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

11.25

8.43 - 14.58

10.79 / 14.58

***

2.30 ( 20% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

2

4

6

8

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.64 Ln(X) + 3.03

732

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.77

High-Turnover (Sit Down) Restaurant - Family (932) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Seats On a: Weekday (Monday - Thursday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 1:00 p.m.; 6:00 - 8:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 9 Avg. Num. of Seats: 150

Peak Period Parking Demand per Seat Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.33

0.21 - 0.58

0.26 / 0.53

***

0.12 ( 36% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

400

X = Number of Seats

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.27(X) + 8.21

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.72

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

733

High-Turnover (Sit Down) Restaurant - Family (932) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Seats On a: Friday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 1:00 p.m.; 6:00 - 8:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 5 Avg. Num. of Seats: 91

Peak Period Parking Demand per Seat Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.47

0.33 - 0.58

0.38 / 0.58

***

0.10 ( 21% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Seats

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.78(X) - 28.58

734

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.95

High-Turnover (Sit Down) Restaurant - Family (932) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Seats On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.; 6:00 - 9:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 6 Avg. Num. of Seats: 107

Peak Period Parking Demand per Seat Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.34

0.26 - 0.55

0.29 / 0.55

***

0.09 ( 26% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Seats

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.65 Ln(X) + 0.58

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.80

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

735

High-Turnover (Sit Down) Restaurant - Family (932) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Seats On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.; 5:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 5 Avg. Num. of Seats: 142

Peak Period Parking Demand per Seat Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.35

0.28 - 0.40

0.28 / 0.40

***

0.06 ( 17% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Seats

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.56(X) - 29.20

736

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.93

High-Turnover (Sit Down) Restaurant - Family (932) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Thursday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 1:00 p.m.; 6:00 - 8:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 23 Avg. Num. of Employees: 16

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.55

0.68 - 6.78

2.18 / 4.88

1.95 - 3.15

1.46 ( 57% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

20

40

60

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.76 Ln(X) + 1.54

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.58

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

737

High-Turnover (Sit Down) Restaurant - Family (932) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Friday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 1:00 p.m.; 6:00 - 8:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Employees: 9.0

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

7.78

7.78 - 7.78

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

2

4

6

8

10

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

738

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

High-Turnover (Sit Down) Restaurant - Family (932) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.; 6:00 - 9:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Employees: 10.0

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

4.10

4.10 - 4.10

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

50

P = Parked Vehicles

40

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

739

High-Turnover (Sit Down) Restaurant - Family (932) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.; 5:00 - 6:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Employees: 13

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

3.76

3.50 - 3.93

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

10

20

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

740

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

High-Turnover (Sit Down) Restaurant - Family (932) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Thursday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 1:00 p.m.; 6:00 - 8:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 10 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 3.4

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

6.47

3.13 - 12.41

4.57 / 12.37

***

3.20 ( 49% )

Data Plot and Equation 50

P = Parked Vehicles

40

30

20

10

0

0

2

4

6

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

741

High-Turnover (Sit Down) Restaurant - Family (932) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.; 6:00 - 9:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 6 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 3.5

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

7.19

3.60 - 12.05

4.97 / 11.95

***

3.39 ( 47% )

Data Plot and Equation 50

P = Parked Vehicles

40

30

20

10

0

0

2

4

6

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

742

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

High-Turnover (Sit Down) Restaurant - Family (932) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Seats On a: Weekday (Monday - Thursday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 1:00 p.m.; 6:00 - 8:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Seats: 131

Peak Period Parking Demand per Seat Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.17

0.17 - 0.17

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Seats

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

743

High-Turnover (Sit Down) Restaurant - Family (932) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Seats On a: Saturday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.; 6:00 - 9:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Seats: 131

Peak Period Parking Demand per Seat Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.34

0.34 - 0.34

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

50

P = Parked Vehicles

40

30

20

10

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Seats

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

744

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

High-Turnover (Sit Down) Restaurant - Lounge/Bar (932) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Thursday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 1:00 p.m.; 6:00 - 8:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 9 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 6.0

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

9.31

7.82 - 12.55

8.74 / 11.82

***

1.49 ( 16% )

Data Plot and Equation 100

P = Parked Vehicles

80

60

40

20

0

0

2

4

6

8

10

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: Ln(P) = 0.81 Ln(X) + 2.58

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.89

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

745

High-Turnover (Sit Down) Restaurant - Lounge/Bar (932) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Friday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 1:00 p.m.; 6:00 - 8:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 16 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 7.2

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

14.12

7.73 - 24.29

12.39 / 20.36

***

4.72 ( 33% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

746

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

High-Turnover (Sit Down) Restaurant - Lounge/Bar (932) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.; 6:00 - 9:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 13 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 6.5

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

13.98

4.56 - 21.94

10.67 / 20.16

***

5.37 ( 38% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

10

20

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

747

High-Turnover (Sit Down) Restaurant - Lounge/Bar (932) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Seats On a: Weekday (Monday - Thursday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 1:00 p.m.; 6:00 - 8:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Seats: 200

Peak Period Parking Demand per Seat Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.28

0.28 - 0.28

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Seats

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

748

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

High-Turnover (Sit Down) Restaurant - Lounge/Bar (932) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Seats On a: Friday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 1:00 p.m.; 6:00 - 8:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 12 Avg. Num. of Seats: 216

Peak Period Parking Demand per Seat Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.45

0.32 - 0.84

0.37 / 0.73

***

0.16 ( 36% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Seats

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

749

High-Turnover (Sit Down) Restaurant - Lounge/Bar (932) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Seats On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.; 6:00 - 9:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 10 Avg. Num. of Seats: 255

Peak Period Parking Demand per Seat Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.43

0.26 - 0.76

0.32 / 0.74

***

0.17 ( 40% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

100

200

300

400

X = Number of Seats

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

750

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

High-Turnover (Sit Down) Restaurant - Lounge/Bar (932) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Friday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 1:00 p.m.; 6:00 - 8:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 5 Avg. Num. of Employees: 23

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

4.50

3.10 - 6.50

3.28 / 6.50

***

1.33 ( 30% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

10

20

30

40

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

751

High-Turnover (Sit Down) Restaurant - Lounge/Bar (932) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.; 6:00 - 9:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Employees: 43

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

2.99

2.53 - 3.81

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

200

100

0

0

20

40

60

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

752

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use: 933 Fast-Food Restaurant without Drive-Through Window Description This land use includes fast-food restaurants without drive-through windows. This type of restaurant is characterized by a large carry-out clientele, long hours of service (some are open for breakfast, all are open for lunch and dinner, some are open late at night or 24 hours a day) and high turnover rates for eat-in customers. These limited-service eating establishments do not provide table service. A patron generally orders from a menu board and pays before receiving the meal. A typical duration of stay for an eat-in customer is less than 30 minutes. Fast casual restaurant (Land Use 930), highturnover (sit-down) restaurant (Land Use 932), and fast-food restaurant with drive-through window (Land Use 934) are related uses.

Additional Data The outdoor seating area is not included in the overall gross floor area. Therefore, the number of seats may be a more reliable independent variable on which to establish parking generation rates for facilities having significant outdoor seating. The average parking supply ratios for the study sites with parking supply information are as follows: ●● in a general urban/suburban setting, 16 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA (11 sites) ●● in a dense multi-use urban setting, 10 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA (7 sites) The sites were surveyed in the 1980s and the 1990s in California, Connecticut, Oklahoma, and Washington.

Source Numbers 8, 9, 47, 235, 241, 298

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

753

Fast-Food Restaurant without Drive-Through Window (933) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 1:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 11 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 2.1

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

9.91

2.78 - 24.93

4.83 / 16.60

***

5.89 ( 59% )

Data Plot and Equation 80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

1

2

3

4

5

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 14.42(X) - 9.54

754

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.69

Fast-Food Restaurant without Drive-Through Window (933) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Seats On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 1:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 4 Avg. Num. of Seats: 117

Peak Period Parking Demand per Seat Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.25

0.16 - 0.37

0.18 / 0.37

***

0.08 ( 32% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

300

X = Number of Seats

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.23(X) + 2.89

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.88

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

755

Fast-Food Restaurant without Drive-Through Window (933) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 1:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 2.1

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

9.61

6.58 - 15.05

8.42 / 15.05

***

4.72 ( 49% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

1

2

3

4

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

756

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use: 934 Fast-Food Restaurant with Drive-Through Window Description This category includes fast-food restaurants with drive-through windows. This type of restaurant is characterized by a large drive-through and large carry-out clientele, long hours of service (some are open for breakfast, all are open for lunch and dinner, some are open late at night or 24 hours a day) and high turnover rates for eat-in customers. These limited-service eating establishments do not provide table service. A patron generally orders from a menu board and pays before receiving the meal. A typical duration of stay for an eat-in patron is less than 30 minutes. Fast casual restaurant (Land Use 930), high-turnover (sit-down) restaurant (Land Use 932), fast-food restaurant without drive-through window (Land Use 933), and fast-food restaurant with drive-through window and no indoor seating (Land Use 935) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a Monday-through-Thursday weekday (four study sites) and a Saturday (one study site) in a general urban/suburban setting. Percent of Peak Parking Demand Hour Beginning

Weekday

Saturday

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

–

5:00 a.m.

–

–

6:00 a.m.

–

–

7:00 a.m.

–

–

8:00 a.m.

–

–

9:00 a.m.

–

–

10:00 a.m.

28

31

11:00 a.m.

60

50

12:00 p.m.

100

88

1:00 p.m.

85

100

2:00 p.m.

57

75

3:00 p.m.

43

50

4:00 p.m.

45

31

5:00 p.m.

59

50

6:00 p.m.

62

69

7:00 p.m.

18

63

8:00 p.m.

–

–

9:00 p.m.

–

–

10:00 p.m.

–

–

11:00 p.m.

–

–

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

757

Additional Data The outdoor seating area is not included in the overall gross floor area. Therefore, the number of seats may be a more reliable independent variable on which to establish parking generation rates for facilities having significant outdoor seating. The average parking supply ratios for the study sites with parking supply information are as follows: ●● In a general urban/suburban setting, 15 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA (53 sites) and 0.6 spaces per seat (33 sites) ●● In a dense multi-use urban setting, 8.7 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA (8 sites) and 0.4 spaces per seat (4 sites) The sites were surveyed in the 1980s, the 1990s, the 2000s, and the 2010s in Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Illinois, Missouri, Nevada, New York, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and Washington.

Source Numbers 8, 9, 22, 47, 138, 180, 201, 218, 231, 235, 251, 274, 298, 403, 432, 527, 530, 543

758

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fast-Food Restaurant with Drive-Through Window (934) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Thursday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 1:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 39 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 3.3

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

8.66

3.23 - 23.26

6.71 / 13.78

7.34 - 9.98

4.22 ( 49% )

Data Plot and Equation 80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

2

4

6

8

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

759

Fast-Food Restaurant with Drive-Through Window (934) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Friday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 1:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 13 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 3.3

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

12.41

6.58 - 17.50

10.84 / 16.64

***

3.77 ( 30% )

Data Plot and Equation 80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

2

4

6

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

760

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Fast-Food Restaurant with Drive-Through Window (934) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 2:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 26 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 3.4

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

9.18

2.96 - 18.00

6.70 / 14.20

7.69 - 10.67

3.88 ( 42% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

2

4

6

8

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

761

Fast-Food Restaurant with Drive-Through Window (934) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 3.2

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

10.47

9.14 - 12.07

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

40

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

1

2

3

4

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

762

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Fast-Food Restaurant with Drive-Through Window (934) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Seats On a: Weekday (Monday - Thursday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 1:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 23 Avg. Num. of Seats: 94

Peak Period Parking Demand per Seat Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.34

0.15 - 0.54

0.27 / 0.47

0.30 - 0.38

0.11 ( 32% )

Data Plot and Equation 80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Seats

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

763

Fast-Food Restaurant with Drive-Through Window (934) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Seats On a: Friday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 1:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 8 Avg. Num. of Seats: 104

Peak Period Parking Demand per Seat Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.44

0.26 - 0.62

0.35 / 0.61

***

0.14 ( 32% )

Data Plot and Equation 80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Seats

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

764

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Fast-Food Restaurant with Drive-Through Window (934) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Seats On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 2:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 19 Avg. Num. of Seats: 95

Peak Period Parking Demand per Seat Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.37

0.14 - 0.77

0.29 / 0.68

***

0.19 ( 51% )

Data Plot and Equation 80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Seats

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

765

Fast-Food Restaurant with Drive-Through Window (934) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Seats On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Seats: 105

Peak Period Parking Demand per Seat Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.32

0.29 - 0.36

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

40

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Seats

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

766

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Fast-Food Restaurant with Drive-Through Window (934) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Thursday) Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 1:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 3.4

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

6.21

4.35 - 8.26

5.07 / 8.26

***

2.11 ( 34% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

1

2

3

4

5

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

767

Fast-Food Restaurant with Drive-Through Window (934) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Friday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 1:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 3.4

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

10.14

7.22 - 12.29

8.46 / 12.29

***

2.69 ( 27% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

50

P = Parked Vehicles

40

30

20

10

0

0

1

2

3

4

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

768

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Fast-Food Restaurant with Drive-Through Window (934) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 2:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 1.4

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

4.44

4.44 - 4.44

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

8

P = Parked Vehicles

6

4

2

0

0

1

2

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

769

Fast-Food Restaurant with Drive-Through Window (934) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Sunday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 3.3

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

9.31

7.14 - 11.71

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

40

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

1

2

3

4

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

770

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Fast-Food Restaurant with Drive-Through Window (934) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Seats On a: Friday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 1:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. Num. of Seats: 107

Peak Period Parking Demand per Seat Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.32

0.19 - 0.51

0.24 / 0.51

***

0.16 ( 50% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

50

P = Parked Vehicles

40

30

20

10

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Seats

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

771

Fast-Food Restaurant with Drive-Through Window (934) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Seats On a: Saturday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 2:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Seats: 34

Peak Period Parking Demand per Seat Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.18

0.18 - 0.18

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

8

P = Parked Vehicles

6

4

2

0

0

10

20

30

40

X = Number of Seats

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

772

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Fast-Food Restaurant with Drive-Through Window (934) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Seats On a: Sunday Setting/Location: Dense Multi-Use Urban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 12:00 - 3:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. Num. of Seats: 103

Peak Period Parking Demand per Seat Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

0.30

0.24 - 0.37

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

40

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

100

200

X = Number of Seats

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

773

Land Use: 936 Coffee/Donut Shop without Drive-Through Window Description This land use includes single-tenant coffee and donut restaurants without drive-through windows. Freshly brewed coffee and a variety of coffee-related accessories are the primary retail products sold at these sites. They may also sell other refreshment items, such as donuts, bagels, muffins, cakes, sandwiches, wraps, salads, and other hot and cold beverages. Some sites may also sell newspapers, music CDs, and books. The coffee and donut shops contained in this land use typically hold long store hours (more than 15 hours) with an early morning opening. Limited indoor seating is generally provided for patrons, but table service is not provided. Coffee/donut shop with drivethrough window (Land Use 937), coffee/donut shop with drive-through window and no indoor seating (Land Use 938), bread/donut/bagel shop without drive-through window (Land Use 939), and bread/ donut/bagel shop with drive-through window (Land Use 940) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday (three study sites) and a Saturday (three study sites) in a general urban/suburban setting. Percent of Peak Parking Demand

774

Hour Beginning

Weekday

Saturday

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

–

5:00 a.m.

–

–

6:00 a.m.

–

–

7:00 a.m.

73

100

8:00 a.m.

100

90

9:00 a.m.

63

80

10:00 a.m.

57

65

11:00 a.m.

42

62

12:00 p.m.

39

40

1:00 p.m.

27

32

2:00 p.m.

–

–

3:00 p.m.

–

–

4:00 p.m.

–

–

5:00 p.m.

–

–

6:00 p.m.

–

–

7:00 p.m.

–

–

8:00 p.m.

–

–

9:00 p.m.

–

–

10:00 p.m.

–

–

11:00 p.m.

–

–

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the four study sites with parking supply information is 7.1 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The sites were surveyed in the 1990s, the 2000s, and the 2010s in California, New Jersey, Oregon, Pennsylvania, and Washington.

Source Numbers 298, 399, 428, 431, 531

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

775

Coffee/Donut Shop without Drive-Through Window (936) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 7:00 - 8:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 11 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 1.8

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

10.49

3.49 - 19.31

8.44 / 17.20

***

4.96 ( 47% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

1

2

3

4

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

776

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Coffee/Donut Shop without Drive-Through Window (936) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 7:00 - 8:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 3 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 1.5

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

14.44

14.00 - 14.67

14.21 / 14.67

***

0.38 ( 3% )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

1

2

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

777

Land Use: 937 Coffee/Donut Shop with Drive-Through Window Description This land use includes single-tenant coffee and donut restaurants with drive-through windows. Freshly brewed coffee and a variety of coffee-related accessories are the primary retail products sold at these sites. They may also sell other refreshment items, such as donuts, bagels, muffins, cakes, sandwiches, wraps, salads, and other hot and cold beverages. Some sites may also sell newspapers, music, CDs, and books. The coffee and donut shops contained in this land use typically hold long store hours (more than 15 hours) with an early morning opening. Also, limited indoor seating is generally provided for patrons; however, table service is not provided. Coffee/donut shop without drive-through window (Land Use 936), bread/donut/bagel shop without drive-through window (Land Use 939), and bread/donut/ bagel shop with drive-through window (Land Use 940) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at three study sites in a general urban/suburban setting.

778

Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

–

7:00 a.m.

73

8:00 a.m.

92

9:00 a.m.

100

10:00 a.m.

88

11:00 a.m.

73

12:00 p.m.

73

1:00 p.m.

77

2:00 p.m.

58

3:00 p.m.

62

4:00 p.m.

62

5:00 p.m.

–

6:00 p.m.

–

7:00 p.m.

–

8:00 p.m.

–

9:00 p.m.

–

10:00 p.m.

–

11:00 p.m.

–

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the eight study sites with parking supply information is 8.8 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The sites were surveyed in the 2000s and the 2010s in Nevada, New Jersey, New York, Ontario (CAN), Tennessee, and Washington.

Source Numbers 405, 407, 412, 433, 442, 509, 523, 530, 540

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

779

Coffee/Donut Shop with Drive-Through Window (937) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 - 10:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 11 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 1.9

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

5.22

2.86 - 12.59

3.62 / 12.52

***

3.07 ( 59% )

Data Plot and Equation

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

1

2

3

4

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

780

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Coffee/Donut Shop with Drive-Through Window (937) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 a.m.; 11:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 2 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 1.3

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

8.70

5.41 - 11.85

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

1

2

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

781

Land Use: 939 Bread/Donut/Bagel Shop without Drive-Through Window Description This land use includes single-tenant bread, donut, and bagel shops without drive-through windows. The sites surveyed specialize in producing and selling a variety of breads, donuts, and bagels as the primary products sold. Some sites offer a breakfast menu. They may also sell other refreshment items, such as coffee, tea, soda, or other hot and cold beverages. Limited indoor seating is generally available at the sites surveyed. Coffee/donut shop without drive-through window (Land Use 936), coffee/donut shop with drive-through window (Land Use 937), and bread/donut/bagel shop with drive-through window (Land Use 940) are related uses.

Additional Data The site was surveyed in the 2000s in New Jersey.

Source Number 433

782

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Bread/Donut/Bagel Shop without Drive-Through Window (939) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 7:00 - 9:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 1.1

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

8.00

8.00 - 8.00

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

10

P = Parked Vehicles

8

6

4

2

0

0

1

2

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

783

Bread/Donut/Bagel Shop without Drive-Through Window (939) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 1.1

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

9.78

9.78 - 9.78

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

20

10

0

0

1

2

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

784

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use: 940 Bread/Donut/Bagel Shop with Drive-Through Window Description This land use includes single-tenant bread, donut, and bagel shops with drive-through windows. The sites surveyed specialize in producing and selling a variety of breads, donuts, and bagels as the primary products sold. Some sites offer a breakfast menu. They may also sell other refreshment items, such as coffee, tea, soda, or other hot and cold beverages. Limited indoor seating is generally available at the sites surveyed. Coffee/donut shop without drive-through window (Land Use 936), coffee/donut shop with drive-through window (Land Use 937), and bread/donut/bagel shop without drive-through window (Land Use 939) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at one study site in a general urban/suburban setting. Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

–

7:00 a.m.

67

8:00 a.m.

100

9:00 a.m.

78

10:00 a.m.

67

11:00 a.m.

89

12:00 p.m.

44

1:00 p.m.

44

2:00 p.m.

22

3:00 p.m.

33

4:00 p.m.

33

5:00 p.m.

56

6:00 p.m.

22

7:00 p.m.

33

8:00 p.m.

–

9:00 p.m.

–

10:00 p.m.

–

11:00 p.m.

–

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

785

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the one study site with parking supply information is 5.5 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The site was surveyed in the 2000s in Tennessee.

Source Number 442

786

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Bread/Donut/Bagel Shop with Drive-Through Window (940) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 a.m.; 11:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 2.0

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

4.50

4.50 - 4.50

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

10

P = Parked Vehicles

8

6

4

2

0

0

1

2

3

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

787

Bread/Donut/Bagel Shop with Drive-Through Window (940) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Sunday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 8:00 - 9:00 a.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 2.0

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

3.00

3.00 - 3.00

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

8

P = Parked Vehicles

6

4

2

0

0

1

2

3

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

788

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use: 941 Quick Lubrication Vehicle Shop Description A quick lubrication vehicle shop is a business where the primary activity is to perform oil change services for vehicles. Other ancillary services provided may include preventative maintenance, such as fluid and filter changes. Automobile repair service is generally not provided. Automobile parts and service center (Land Use 943) is a related use.

Additional Data The site was surveyed in the 2010s in Texas.

Source Number 568

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

789

Quick Lubrication Vehicle Shop (941) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 3:00 - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 1.4

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

5.07

5.07 - 5.07

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

8

P = Parked Vehicles

6

4

2

0

0

1

2

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

790

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Quick Lubrication Vehicle Shop (941) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 3:00 - 5:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. Num. of Employees: 6.0

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.17

1.17 - 1.17

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

8

P = Parked Vehicles

6

4

2

0

0

2

4

6

8

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

791

Land Use: 943 Automobile Parts and Service Center Description An automobile parts and service center sells automobile parts for do-it-yourself maintenance and repair including tires, batteries, oil, and spark plugs. The stores may also sell automobile parts to retailers and repair facilities. Automobile parts and service centers provide a full array of onsite services for various automobiles. These facilities provide centralized cashiering and maintain long hours 7 days a week. Automobile parts and service centers are sometimes found as separate parcels within a retail complex. Automobile parts sales (Land Use 843), tire store (Land Use 848), tire superstore (Land Use 849), and quick lubrication vehicle shop (Land Use 941) are related uses.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a weekday at 25 study sites in a general urban/suburban setting.

792

Hour Beginning

Percent of Weekday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

–

7:00 a.m.

–

8:00 a.m.

45

9:00 a.m.

84

10:00 a.m.

97

11:00 a.m.

100

12:00 p.m.

87

1:00 p.m.

81

2:00 p.m.

87

3:00 p.m.

91

4:00 p.m.

86

5:00 p.m.

71

6:00 p.m.

23

7:00 p.m.

6

8:00 p.m.

–

9:00 p.m.

–

10:00 p.m.

–

11:00 p.m.

–

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Additional Data The sites were surveyed in the 2010s in Texas.

Source Numbers 568, 569, 570

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

793

Automobile Parts and Service Center (943) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m Number of Studies: 26 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 6.7

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.69

0.40 - 14.37

1.58 / 3.54

1.05 - 2.33

1.67 ( 99% )

Data Plot and Equation 40

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

30

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

794

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Automobile Parts and Service Center (943) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 1:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 1 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 21

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.07

1.07 - 1.07

*** / ***

***

*** ( *** )

Data Plot and Equation

Caution – Small Sample Size

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

30

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

795

Automobile Parts and Service Center (943) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: Employees On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 10:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m Number of Studies: 25 Avg. Num. of Employees: 8.6

Peak Period Parking Demand per Employee Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

1.31

0.50 - 5.00

1.17 / 3.50

1.04 - 1.58

0.70 ( 53% )

Data Plot and Equation 40

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

10

20

30

X = Number of Employees

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 0.90(X) + 3.50

796

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.66

Land Use: 960 Super Convenience Market with Gas Station Description This land use includes gasoline/service stations with convenience markets where there is significant business related to the sale of convenience items and the fueling of motor vehicles. Some commonly sold convenience items include freshly brewed coffee, daily-made donuts, bakery items, hot and cold beverages, breakfast items, dairy items, fresh fruits, soups, light meals, ready-to-go and freshly made sandwiches and wraps, and ready-to-go salads. Stores typically also had automated teller machines (ATMs), and public restrooms. The sites included in this land use category have the following two specific characteristics: ●● the gross floor area of the convenience market is at least 3,000 square feet ●● the number of vehicle fueling positions is at least 10 Convenience market with gasoline pumps (Land Use 853) is a related use.

Additional Data The average parking supply ratio for the ten study sites with parking supply information is 13 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The sites were surveyed in the 1990s and the 2000s in New Jersey.

Source Numbers 417, 433

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

797

Super Convenience Market/Gas Station (960) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Weekday (Monday - Friday) Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 7:00 - 8:00 a.m.; 11:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 12 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 5.5

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

8.11

5.18 - 11.67

7.22 / 11.15

***

2.00 ( 25% )

Data Plot and Equation 80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

2

4

6

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

798

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Average Rate

R²= ***

Super Convenience Market/Gas Station (960) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: General Urban/Suburban Peak Period of Parking Demand: 11:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 7 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 5.5

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

5.07

3.93 - 7.01

4.15 / 6.89

***

1.22 ( 24% )

Data Plot and Equation 40

P = Parked Vehicles

30

20

10

0

0

2

4

6

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: ***

Average Rate

R²= ***

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

799

Land Use: 970 Winery Description A winery is a property used primarily for the production of wine. Wineries typically include tasting room facilities and may offer special events such as weddings or parties. Wineries often offer complimentary tours and wine tasting. Visitors also may purchase wine or wine-related products.

Time of Day Distribution for Parking Demand The following table presents a time-of-day distribution of parking demand on a Saturday at six study sites in a rural setting.

800

Hour Beginning

Percent of Saturday Peak Parking Demand

12:00–4:00 a.m.

–

5:00 a.m.

–

6:00 a.m.

–

7:00 a.m.

–

8:00 a.m.

–

9:00 a.m.

–

10:00 a.m.

19

11:00 a.m.

44

12:00 p.m.

59

1:00 p.m.

80

2:00 p.m.

90

3:00 p.m.

100

4:00 p.m.

96

5:00 p.m.

44

6:00 p.m.

4

7:00 p.m.

–

8:00 p.m.

–

9:00 p.m.

–

10:00 p.m.

–

11:00 p.m.

–

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Additional Data For the purposes of this land use, the independent variable “1,000 sq. feet gross floor area” refers to the square footage of the building that houses the tasting room. The average parking supply ratio for the five study sites with parking supply information is 43 spaces per 1,000 square feet GFA. The sites were surveyed in the 2010s in California.

Source Number 519

Land Use Descriptions and Data Plots

801

Winery (970) Peak Period Parking Demand vs: 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA On a: Saturday Setting/Location: Rural Peak Period of Parking Demand: 1:00 - 4:00 p.m. Number of Studies: 6 Avg. 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA: 1.3

Peak Period Parking Demand per 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA Average Rate

Range of Rates

33rd / 85th Percentile

95% Confidence Interval

Standard Deviation (Coeff. of Variation)

25.38

15.00 - 138.89

22.94 / 133.79

***

21.12 ( 83% )

Data Plot and Equation 80

P = Parked Vehicles

60

40

20

0

0

1

2

3

4

X = 1000 Sq. Ft. GFA

Study Site Fitted Curve Equation: P = 11.27(X) + 18.81

802

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Fitted Curve

Average Rate

R²= 0.74

Appendix A. Data Sources Appendix A provides a list of sources for the parking demand data presented in Parking Generation Manual. The data were contributed on a voluntary basis by various state and local governmental agencies, consulting firms, individual transportation professionals, universities and colleges, developers, associations, and local sections, districts, and student chapters of ITE. The source numbers for studies contained in each land use are listed on the land use description pages. 1

Kimley–Horn and Associates, Orlando, FL, 1988–1991.

37

G.D. Hamilton Associates, Vancouver, BC, 1991–1992.

3

Weston Pringle & Associates, Fullerton, CA, 1988.

38

Trans Associates, Pittsburgh, PA, 1992.

39

Raymond Keyes Associates, Tarrytown, NY, 1992.

6

The RBA Group, Atlanta, GA, 1985.

7

The Traffic Group, Towson, MD, 1982.

42

The RBA Group, Morristown, NJ, 1991.

8

City of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma City, OK, 1987.

43

Sear–Brown Group, Rochester, NY, 1989.

45

Horner and Canter Associates, Medford, NJ, 1992.

46

David E. Wooster and Associates, Pittsburgh, PA, 1984.

47

City of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma City, OK, 1987.

48

TAMS, Boston, MA, 1985.

49

Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, 1986.

9

Naugatuck Valley Council of Governments, Waterbury, CT, 1985.

11

Paul C. Box and Associates, Skokie, IL, 1985.

14

Travers and Associates, Clifton, NJ, 1986– 1990.

16

San Francisco Airport Commission, San Francisco, CA, 1984.

17

Nelson Engineering, Eatontown, NJ, 1988.

53

LRE Engineering, Atlanta, GA, 1991.

18

City of Edmonton, Edmonton, AB, 1988.

56

19

Ed Swanson and Associates, Grand Rapids, MI, 1992.

Kimley–Horn and Associates, Orlando, FL, 1986–1990.

59

20

City of Farmington Hills, Farmington Hills, MI, 1980.

Tornrose, Campbell & Associates, Chicago, IL, 1988.

71

City of Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, 1989.

21–22

Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, 1984– 1988.

72

Howard County, Scaggsville, MD, 1989.

83

Jefferson Parish, Harahan, LA, 1986.

84

OKI Regional Council of Governments, Cincinnati, OH, 1986.

86

Basmaciyan–Darnell, Irvine, CA, 1989.

87

Valley Forge Laboratories, Eaton, PA, 1988.

Paul C. Box and Associates, Skokie, IL, 1985– 1989.

88

Abrams Associates, Walnut Creek, CA, 1989.

89

IMC Consulting Group, Edmonton, AB, 1992.

Greer & Company, Anaheim, CA, 1992.

94

City of Kilgore, Kilgore, TX, 1985.

23

TAMS, Boston, MA, 1984.

29

HNTB, Denver, CO, 1986.

30

ASC Consulting Engineers, Santa Ana, CA, 1988.

32

36

Appendix A. Data Sources

803

804

103

Patton Harris Rust & Associates, Fairfax County, VA, 1988.

162

Wilsey & Ham, Foster City, CA, 1981.

108

Nelson Engineering. Eatontown, NJ, 1990.

163

ITE Student Chapter, Portland State University, Portland, OR, 2002.

117

Mohle, Grover & Associates, La Habra, CA, 1989.

164

Heffernan & Associates, Scottsdale, AZ, 2001.

118

University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 1992.

165

BRW, Minneapolis, MN, 1984–1985.

119

Harland Bartholomew & Associates, Memphis, TN, 1987.

166

Syracuse University, 1984–1988.

167

City of Garland, Garland, TX, 1983.

120

Justin F. Farmer Transportation Engineers, Brea, CA 1990–1994.

168

Walker Parking Consultants, Indianapolis, IN, 2000–2008.

121

The Traffic Group, Towson, MD, 1989–1992.

169

ITE Student Chapter, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 2004.

122

King County Metro, Seattle, WA, 1992.

123

170

City of Saskatoon, Saskatoon, SK, 1982.

G. D. Hamilton Associates, Vancouver, BC, 1992.

172

Parking Generation 2nd Edition, unknown sources, 1984–1985.

124

DeShazo, Starek & Tang, Dallas, TX, 1987– 1989.

173

Fehr & Peers, Walnut Creek, CA, 2006.

136

City of Denver, Denver, CO, 1986.

174

Valley Forge Laboratories, Eaton, PA, 1988.

138

City of Lakewood, Lakewood, CO, 1986.

175

Travers and Associates, Clifton, NJ, 1985.

142

City of Littleton, Littleton, CO, 1986.

176

Callow Associates, Fairfax County, VA, 1988.

144

City of Grand Prairie, Grand Prairie, TX, 1992.

179

Kittelson & Associates, Portland, OR, 2001.

145

Raymond Keyes Associates, Tarrytown, NY, 1992.

180

David E. Wooster and Associates, Pittsburgh, PA, 1985.

146

City of Calgary, Calgary, AB, 1992.

182

Justin F. Farmer Transportation Engineers, Brea, CA, 1984.

149

City of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma City, OK, 1987.

201–205

Paul C. Box and Associates, Skokie, IL, 1983– 1990.

151

City of Seattle, Seattle, WA, 1991.

206

152

Barton–Aschman Associates, Dallas, TX, 1980– 1991.

Centurion Consulting Group, Houston, TX, 1992.

208

153

Paul C. Box and Associates, Skokie, IL, 1981– 1997.

Diaz, Seckinger & Associates, Tampa, FL, 1983.

209

154

DeShazo, Starek & Tang, Dallas, TX, 1981– 1987.

Parsons Transportation Group, San Jose, CA, 1992–1999.

210–212

155

Basmaciyan–Darnell, Irvine, CA, 1981.

Walker Parking Consultants, Indianapolis, IN, 2001.

157

Weston Pringle & Associates, Fullerton, CA, 1981–1984.

215–216

Barton–Aschman Associates, Houston, TX, 1984–1986.

158

DKS and Associates, Portland, OR, 1984– 2001.

217–219

City of San Diego, San Diego, CA, 1994.

221

City of Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, 1990.

159

Kimley–Horn and Associates, Orlando, FL, 1983.

223

City of Nashville, Nashville, TN, 1991.

161

Associated Transportation Engineers, Santa Barbara, CA, 1987–2009.

224

RPM & Associates, Nashville, TN, 2001.

225

Transport Canada, Ottawa, ON, 1984.

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

226

Monroe County, Rochester, NY, 2000.

281

Penfield & Smith, Santa Barbara, CA, 2001.

227

Greater Bridgeport Regional Planning Agency, Bridgeport, CT, 1984.

283

Austin–Foust Associates, Santa Ana, CA, 1986.

229

Herman Kimmel and Associates, Newport Beach, CA, 1985.

285

PRC Engineering, Orinda, CA, 1985.

287

Shropshire Associates, Lumberton, NJ, 2009.

231

ITE Student Chapter, University of Missouri, Rolla, MO, 1985.

289

Lancaster Engineering, Portland, OR, 2002.

233

N.K. Becker & Associates, Windsor, ON, 1986.

291

Department of the Army, Newport News, VA, 1994.

235

Greer & Company, Anaheim, CA, 1984.

292

237

Clark County–Springfield Transportation Coordinating Committee, Springfield, OH, 1984.

Creative Transportation Solutions, Port Moody, BC, 2002.

293

Task Engineering, Phoenix, AZ, 2000.

294

ITE Student Chapter, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 2001.

295

Brian Kangas Foulk & Associates, Redwood City, CA, 1984.

297–299

City of Seattle, Seattle, WA, 2000.

308–309

John Dorsett and Mark Lukasick, “Parking Requirements for Medical Office Buildings.” ITE Journal (August 2007)

239

Walter P. Moore and Associates, San Antonio, TX, 1984.

241

Wilsey & Ham, Foster City, CA, 1984.

243

TJKM, Pleasanton, CA, 1984.

245

Wilbur Smith Associates, New Haven, CT, 1984, 1997.

247

Harbor Consultants, Westfield, NJ, 2001.

249

Schoor Depalma, Manalapan, NJ, 1997.

310

TJKM, Pleasanton, CA, 2007.

251

KD Anderson Transportation Engineers, Roseville, CA, 1996.

311–315

Associated Transportation Engineers, Santa Barbara, CA, 1998–2009.

255

Darnell & Associates, San Diego, CA, 1997.

400

Shropshire Associates, Lumberton, NJ, 2008.

257

Kunzman Associates, Irvine, CA, 1981.

401

259

Barton–Aschman Associates, Atlanta, GA, 1985.

DKS and Associates, Portland, OR, 2004– 2009.

402

The Traffic Group, Baltimore, MD, 2004–2005.

261

DeShazo, Starek & Tang, Dallas, TX, 1985.

403

263

City of Newport News, Newport News, VA, 1984.

University of Central Arkansas, Department of Geography, Conway, AR, 2004.

405

Horner and Canter Associates, Medford, NJ, 2001–2003.

406

ITE Student Chapter, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 2007.

407

ITE Student Chapter, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 2006–2007.

265

City of Irvine, Irvine, CA, 1982.

267

San Diego Trolley, San Diego, CA, 2001.

269

TriMet, Portland, OR, 2002.

271

SEPTA, Philadelphia, PA, 2002.

273

MetroLink, St. Louis, MO, 2002.

408

274–276

McArthur & Associates. Oregon DEQ Parking Study. Portland, OR, 1995.

ITE Student Chapter, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 2007.

409

ITE Student Chapter, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, 2007.

410

Krager and Associates Inc., Denver, CO, 2006.

411

Oracle Engineering, Piscataway, NJ, 2007.

277

Kaku Associates, Santa Monica, CA, 2001.

278

McArthur & Associates. Oregon DEQ Parking Study. Portland, OR, 1995.

279

Eschbacher Engineering, Melville, NY, 2002.

Appendix A. Data Sources

805

412

ITE Student Chapter, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 2007.

440

Rafiq and Associates, Anaheim, CA, 2007.

413

ITE Student Chapter, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 2008.

441

Westwood Professional Services, Eden Prairie, MN, 2006.

414

City of Brooks, Brooks, AB, Canada, 1998– 1999.

442

ITE Student Chapter, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 2009.

415

ITE Student Chapter, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 2008.

443

ITE Student Chapter, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, 2009.

416

Maurer–Stutz, Peoria, IL, 2007.

445

ITE Student Chapter, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 2009.

417

Shropshire Associates, Lumberton, NJ, 2006– 2007.

446

ITE Student Chapter, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada, 2009.

418

Kenig, Lindgren, O’Hara, Aboona Inc., Rosemont, IL, 2008.

447

Wilbur Smith Associates, Dallas, TX, 2008.

450

ITE Student Chapter, Portland State University, Portland, OR, 2006.

ITE Student Chapter, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 2009.

451

420

ITE Student Chapter, California State University, Sacramento, CA, 2006.

Rick Engineering Company, San Diego, CA, 2008.

501

421

CMX, Manalapan, NJ, 2007.

Kimley–Horn and Associates, St. Paul, MN, 2011.

422

ITE Student Chapter, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 2008.

502

ITE Student Chapter, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 2010.

423

ITE Student Chapter, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 2008.

503

ITE Student Chapter, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 2010–2013.

425

CMX, Manalapan, NJ, 2008.

504

BL Companies, Meriden, CT, 2006.

427

Carter & Burgess, Denver, CO, 2007.

505

428

RK Engineering Group, Newport Beach, CA, 2000–2008.

429

Stantec, Rochester, NY, 2008.

Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority. “A Parking Utilization Survey of Transit–Oriented Development Residential Properties in Santa Clara County.” San Jose, CA, 2010.

506

430

Kittelson & Associates, Portland, OR, 2002– 2008.

ITE Student Chapter, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 2013.

507

431–432

Traffic Planning and Design, Pottstown, PA, 2002–2008.

ITE Student Chapter, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 2013.

509

433

Horner and Canter Associates, Medford, NJ, 1997–2008.

ITE Student Chapter, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, 2013.

510

434

Hatch Mott MacDonald, Gilroy, CA, 2008.

Penfield & Smith, Camarillo, CA, 2012.

511

435

Heffernan & Associates, Scottsdale, AZ, 2003.

City of Overland Park, Overland Park, KS, 2012.

436

Greenman–Pedersen, Nashua, NH, 2002– 2008.

512

Hexagon Transportation Consultants, San Jose, CA, 2012.

437

University of Colorado, Denver, CO, 2009.

514

KZA Engineering, Manasquan, NJ, 2011.

438

Fehr & Peers, Santa Monica, CA, 2002–2008.

516

439

Traffic Planning and Design, Pottstown, PA, 1999–2009.

ITE Student Chapter, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 2011.

517

ITE Student Chapter, University of Hawaii, Manoa, HI, 2011.

419

806

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

518

ITE Student Chapter, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 2011.

548

R.J. Burnside & Associates, Pickering, ON, 2018.

519

ITE Student Chapter, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, 2012– 2017.

551

ITE Student Chapter, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 2018.

552

Kittelson & Associates, Portland, OR, 2018.

520

ITE Student Chapter, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 2012–2104.

553

Cameron Engineering, Woodbury, NY, 2018.

521

ITE Student Chapter, Portland State University, Portland, OR, 2006–2009.

554

City of Scottsdale, Scottsdale, AZ, 2018.

555–558

Spack Consulting, St. Louis Park, MN, 2018.

522

ITE Student Chapter, University of California, Berkeley, 2012, 2017.

560–572

Texas Department of Transportation, Austin, TX, 2013.

523

ITE Student Chapter, University of Washington, 2008–2016.

573

Mackenzie, Portland, OR, 2018.

575

DKS and Associates, Portland, OR, 2010– 2018.

576

Linscott, Law & Greenspan, Costa Mesa, CA, 2012.

577

City of Oakland, Oakland, CA, 2013.

578

Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority, San Jose, CA, 2010.

579–580

Cervero, Adkins & Sullivan. Journal of Public Transportation (Vol. 13, No. 2, 2010).

525

Kevin Hooper Associates, Falmouth, ME, 2012.

526

Jake Traffic Engineering, Seattle, WA, 2016.

527–528

City of Tumwater, Tumwater, WA, 2014.

529

City of Sandy, Sandy, UT, 2016.

530

Cameron Engineering, Woodbury, NY, 2018.

531

Robson Forensic, Lancaster, PA, 2018.

532

DKS and Associates, Santa Ana, CA, 2016.

533

The Traffic Group, Baltimore, MD, 2018.

581

Fehr & Peers, Santa Monica, CA, 2012.

534

PSOMAS, Tucson, AZ, 2018.

582

535–538

Metropolitan Area Planning Council. “Metro Boston Perfect Fit Parking Initiative.” Boston, MA, 2017.

Wilbur Smith Associates, San Francisco, CA, 2011.

583–586

District Department of Transportation, Washington, DC, 2018.

539

Milone & MacBroom, Cheshire, CT, 2013.

587

540

Traffic Planning & Design, Pottstown, PA, 2018.

541

Kittelson & Associates, Portland, OR, 2018.

Tian, G., Ewing, R., Weinberger, R. et al. “Trip and Parking Generation at Transit– Oriented Developments,” National Institute for Transportation and Communities. Transportation 44: 1235, 2017.

542

City of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, 2015.

588

City of Dallas, Dallas, TX, 2018.

543

Placeworks, Santa Ana, CA, 2018.

589

S&ME, Orlando, FL, 2018.

544–547

University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 2018.

Appendix A. Data Sources

807

Appendix B: Seasonal Variation Data Appendix B presents information on seasonal variation in sales and revenue at various land uses. The data may provide an indication of the magnitude of fluctuations in parking demand in different months of the year. This indication can inform an analyst of (1) the appropriate months during which to collect parking demand data that represent a typical condition and (2) the months of the year for which the application of the typical data in Parking Generation Manual is appropriate. The monthly variation data presented in the tables below represent sales data. The analyst is cautioned that there may not be a direct linear correlation between sales volume and parking demand, for several reasons, including the following: ●● The data represent sales volume, not the number of customers. The basket size (dollar amount and number of items) likely changes by time of year. A 30 percent increase in sales volume in December does not necessarily translate to 30 percent more shoppers or parking demand. If the average sale per customer is 30 percent higher in that particular month than the annual average, then a 30 percent increase in overall sales may translate to very little difference in parking demand. ●● Average parking duration may also vary seasonally. For example, an increase in average parking duration during the period of peak parking demand in a given month will increase the number of parked vehicles during the peak period. ●● The data are an accumulation of national sales. A particular region could certainly exhibit a different seasonal variation (e.g., a region with significant seasonal residency and tourism). ●● The data correspond to individual months, not to a day of the week. A 30 percent increase in sales in one particular month does not necessarily mean a 30 percent increase in sales both on weekdays and weekends. ●● Data may not correspond to changes in parking demand during the peak period for a land use. For example, increased sales may be spread over a wider peak period than during other months of the year. Tables B1 through B4 present data on monthly variations in retail sales for several classifications for Kind of Business used by the United States Census Bureau. The table data are based on year 2017 sales in the “Monthly Retail Sales & Seasonal Factors 1992–Present (Adjusted)” spreadsheets posted at https://www.census.gov/retail/index.html

Appendix B: Seasonal Variation Data

809

Table B1. Month-by-Month Variation in Retail Sales Kind of Business Applicable ITE Land Use Codes

Grocery Stores

Food and Beverage Stores

Food Services and Drinking Places

850

851, 853, 899, 960

932 through 940, 970

Month

810

Percent of Average Month

January

100

98

93

February

92

91

92

March

101

100

106

April

98

98

101

May

104

104

106

June

100

100

102

July

101

102

101

August

102

102

104

September

97

96

96

October

100

100

100

November

101

102

98

December

104

107

101

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Table B2. Month-by-Month Variation in Retail Sales Kind of Business Applicable ITE Land Use Codes

General Merchandise Stores

Clothing and Clothing Accessories Stores

Health and Personal Care Stores

813 through 815*, 820*, 857*

876

880, 881

Month

Percent of Average Month

January

87

73

99

February

87

84

93

March

99

97

100

April

94

96

100

May

101

104

102

June

98

94

97

July

97

96

99

August

102

106

101

September

93

88

96

October

98

95

102

November

111

113

98

December

133

152

112

Note: * designates land use codes for which data plots for December parking demand are presented in Chapter 6 and in ITEParkGen web app.

Appendix B: Seasonal Variation Data

811

Table B3. Month-by-Month Variation in Retail Sales

Kind of Business Applicable ITE Land Use Codes

Furniture & Home Furnishing Stores

Sporting Goods, Hobby, Musical Instrument and Book Stores

Electronics and Appliance Stores

869, 890, 892

861, 868

863

Month

812

Percent of Average Month

January

91

87

93

February

88

80

89

March

100

96

95

April

94

92

87

May

102

96

92

June

96

95

93

July

101

94

93

August

104

109

98

September

97

92

95

October

101

92

94

November

109

112

124

December

115

156

148

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Table B4. Month-by-Month Variation in Retail Sales Kind of Business Applicable ITE Land Use Codes

Motor Vehicle & Parts Dealers

Building Materials, Garden Equipment and Supply Dealers

840 through 848, 943

812, 862

Month

Percent of Average Month

January

89

81

February

91

79

March

107

96

April

101

111

May

109

125

June

102

110

July

106

109

August

108

102

September

96

97

October

99

104

November

94

96

December

99

91

Appendix B: Seasonal Variation Data

813

Table B5 presents data on monthly variations in monthly box office sales for United States movie theaters for the 5-year period 2013 through 2017. The table data are presented two different ways. One column has the peak month for sales, December, as the 100 value. The other column uses a typical month, June, as the 100 value. Data are extracted from spreadsheets posted at https://www.boxofficemojo.com. Table B5. Month-by-Month Variation in Domestic Movie Sales, 2013 through 2017 Percent of Peak Month

814

January

23

February

39

March

57

April

35

May

66

June

72

July

69

August

42

September

34

October

36

November

74

December

100

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Appendix C: Parking Generation Data Collection Appendix C presents a framework for the collection of data pertinent to parking generation estimates. The framework is structured to be straightforward, easily replicated, and adaptable to any potential land use and development type. This appendix outlines a process that can be used to collect parking demand data, presents a standard data collection form and provides a call for additional parking data collection. As the product of a volunteer effort, Parking Generation Manual depends upon research and data collection conducted by people interested in parking demand.

Establish Data Collection Purpose The first step in any data collection effort is to establish its purpose in clear and precise terms. For parking generation, there are several generic possibilities: ●● Establish a parking generation rate that is applicable to a specific local condition ●● Provide data points for a land use not covered in Parking Generation Manual ●● Provide additional data points for a current Parking Generation Manual data plot ●● Provide data points that expand the range of independent variable values in a current data plot ●● Provide data points for a time period not covered in a current data plot ●● Provide data points for a setting not covered in a current data plot ●● Provide data points for a land use subcategory not covered in a current data plot Based on this overall purpose of the data collection effort, the analyst can specify some target characteristics of the site or sites to be surveyed, including the following: ●● A specific land use ●● A target range of sizes (or other independent variable) ●● The time period to be surveyed (day of the week and month of the year) ●● The setting of the study site (i.e., general urban/suburban, dense multi-use urban, center city core, rural) ●● The proximity of the study site to a rail transit station ●● A subcategory of the land use classification (e.g., type of affordable housing) The definition of the data collection purpose dictates the parking demand data to be collected, general criteria for the type and setting of sites at which to collect data, and the time period(s) to be covered by the data collection effort.

Select Study Site(s) The selected study site or sites must satisfy the stated purpose of the data collection effort (i.e., land use type, setting within urban area, range of independent variable values).

Appendix C: Parking Generation Data Collection

815

All parking associated with the study site (e.g., customer, visitor, resident, employee) needs to be counted. Parked vehicles could be on-site, in a shared lot, in a remote lot, or on-street. It is preferable for the count of parked vehicles to be counted visually. However, for a site in a dense multi-use urban area or a in a center city core, it may be necessary to conduct a survey of persons entering and exiting a study site to determine parking demand. The study site should have reasonably full occupancy (85 percent or greater is desirable) and appear to be economically healthy. The percent occupancy at the time of the survey is important and should be recorded. Independent variable data must be available from either straightforward field observation (e.g., number of batting cages, movie screens, golf holes) or from the study site owner or property manager. There should be minimal or no construction activity on the site or on adjacent roadways.

Obtain Permission and Cooperation of Property Management The analyst or data collection supervisor should contact (and meet, if necessary) property management to obtain permission to conduct a parking generation study, to discuss the purpose and procedures of the data collection effort, to ensure that normal site activities will not be interfered, and to emphasize that no proprietary or sensitive information will be divulged. This contact or meeting will also be the opportunity to collect necessary background information on the study site characteristics (see Table C.1). An offer can be made to share the results of the survey with the owner/manager. In most cases, the property owner or manager will communicate directly with site tenants, residents, or businesses about the date and extent of the parking demand survey. In some cases, the data collection supervisor may need to initiate these contacts.

Define Duration of Parking Demand Count Observation counts (and interviews, if applicable) should be conducted for as many hours as practical, making sure that the peak period of parking demand is covered. There are two potential sources of information to guide this decision. ●● The land use description pages in Chapter 6 present complete time-of-day parking demand distribution tables for land use databases that include study sites with at least six consecutive hours of parking demand counts ●● The data plot pages for each individual land use present a peak period that typically covers the hours during which parking demand is on average at least 85 percent of the peak demand for the sites in the database For any given survey day, observations should always obtain the peak period parking demand for the site. The site owner or manager staff can also be of assistance in determining the peak times (for example, hours, days, months) for an appropriate parking survey.

816

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

Determine Independent Variable(s) and Identify Values An independent variable is a physical, measurable and predictable characteristic of a study site (such as gross floor area, number of students, or number of dwelling units) that has a direct relationship to the number of vehicles parked at the study site. The analyst should identify potential independent variables for the study site and collect as many as are available and appropriate. The data for the independent variable could be provided on site plan documents (e.g., building area, dwelling units, seats) or need to be obtained from property management (e.g., daily patients, employees, attendees).The data plots in Chapter 6 relate parking demand to key independent variables for each land use. For a shopping center, parking demand may vary significantly with the percentage of gross leasable area (GLA) devoted to restaurant or entertainment activity. This additional variable should be collected as part of the survey and recorded under “Notes” in the data form at the end of this appendix. Restaurants include any eating/drinking establishment, fast food restaurant, or other food service-related activity. Entertainment includes any theater space, amusement park, nightclub, or other entertainment activity. This information should be provided for any shopping center (Land Use code 820) survey, shown as a percentage of the total GLA of shopping center area.

Collect Background Data Table C1 presents study site descriptive information that should be collected. The occupancy of a study site must be obtained when performing parking demand surveys. Occupancy is the amount of subject land use that has active use. It should be noted that building management or leasing staff commonly view space that is leased but not moved into as “occupied.” For the purpose of a parking generation survey, this type of space is considered vacant. As demonstrations of occupancy calculations: ●● A 250-room hotel at which 188 rooms are occupied on the day of survey is considered 75 percent occupied ●● A 200-unit multifamily residence that has 30 vacant units and 10 leased units that have not yet been occupied is considered 80 percent occupied ●● A 100,000 square feet GFA office building with 5,000 square feet vacant and 5,000 square feet leased but not yet occupied is considered 90 percent occupied. The study site occupancy information is critical background data for the purpose of analyzing parking demand and developing accurate parking demand ratios for a land use. A site that is less than 85 percent occupied should typically not be surveyed. The availability or absence of any nearby transit service should be noted. The distance to the closest rail transit station should be determined. The types and level of bus service within three blocks (or less than 1,000 ft.) of the study site should be described in the description of the site. It is desirable to compile information about the quality of transit service (if possible, frequency of service and number of routes)

Appendix C: Parking Generation Data Collection

817

Table C1 Descriptive Information for a Data Collection Site Information

Comments

Overall Characteristics of Site Name

Common name for the overall site.

Address

Street address, city, state/province, country.

Site Maturity and Occupancy

The site should be fully occupied (or nearly so), mature (occupied for at least two years), and considered successful locally. As examples, an occupancy of 85 percent is a reasonable lower limit for an office building; occupancy for a retail site or a multifamily residence is likely to be higher (perhaps 90 percent); a successful hotel could have a lower room occupancy (perhaps 75 percent).

Mix of Tenants

Primary tenant (that is, the tenant(s) that serves as the primary driving force behind the overall site); whether the site has a truly unique tenant.

Physical Characteristics of Site Site Plan with Locations and Types of Access

Site diagram, sketch, plan, or aerial photo of the site that shows ●● Overall site layout with building footprints; ●● Building entrances and pedestrian pathways; ●● Site access points for motorists (including delivery and service vehicles), pedestrians (including transit patrons), and bicyclists; and ●● Type of traffic control at or serving each access point (signalized or unsignalized).

Land Use(s)

Primary land use (or land uses at a mixed-use site) within the site in accordance with Parking Generation Manual land use codes.

Building Size(s)

Building size(s) in development units such as office building square footage (GSF), amount of leased retail space (GLA), number of restaurant or theater seats, or number of residential units. Also obtain the number of stories.

Building Occupancy

Building occupancy (actual occupied space or units, not just leased). In a multi-tenant building, contact the property manager, leasing agent, or owner to obtain occupied space data.

On-Site Parking

Quantity of on-site spaces; type of parking facility (either surface or garage); and nominal daily/hourly cost and time restrictions.

Setting/Context of Site within Surrounding Region

818

Location within Urban Area (General Setting)

Center city core, dense multi-use urban, general urban/suburban, rural (refer to Chapter 3 for definitions).

Adjacent Land Use Description

Degree to which nearby off-site land uses compete with or complement those on-site.

Proximity to Rail Transit

Walk distance to rail or rapid transit station.

Off-Site Parking

Proximity of off-site parking available for site (including pricing).

Parking Generation Manual, 5th Edition

One of the variables requested in Table C1 is the setting of the study site. Four area types are provided: center city core, dense multi-use urban, general urban/suburban, and rural. These are defined in Chapter 3. A study site that has implemented transportation demand management (TDM) measures should be noted because these strategies may affect parking demand. Demand management strategies might include a transportation coordinator, preferred carpool parking, van/carpool coordination or incentives, transit passes, or subsidies for non-single occupancy vehicle travel (such as a cashout program or transportation allowance, parking restriction, pricing, or other similar management measure). By documenting the presence of these measures, further grouping of parking demand data may be possible in the future. It is important to document the level of parking pricing; if parking is free, note as such on the form. Research has indicated that parking fees can affect parking demand. Without this information provided in surveys, parking demand can be misrepresented for a site that has fees for parking compared to those with unpriced parking. While the site may not charge for parking, it is equally important to note “zero” parking price on the data collection form so that the unpriced parking sites can be properly grouped. By including parking price, future analysis of parking demand characteristics associated with paid parking can be assessed when greater data availability is provided. The number of parking spaces that are provided for the study site should be counted to establish the parking supply. While these data do not provide information regarding demand, they provide a comparison of how much parking owners and developers have decided to provide for given land uses.

Conduct Parking Demand Observations The methodology for conducting parking surveys is outlined in the ITE Manual of Transportation Engineering Studies. The objective of the survey is to count the number of vehicles parked at the time of peak parking demand and at various other times during the day. In conducting the parking demand surveys, the analyst should make sure that all employee, customer, visitor and resident parking associated with the subject land use can be observed (including on-site parking, adjacent on-street parking, and remote parking associated with the study site). Parking observations can be made multiple times within an hour or once in an hour (depending on how variable the demand for parking is). However, only the highest observed parking demand should be entered for the specific hour in the data survey forms. Hours are defined as the time that the hour begins (for example the hour from 12:00 to 1:00 p.m. is the hour beginning at 12:00 p.m.). Observation counts are typically recorded on a form (or computer tablet) with separate data entry fields for different sectors of parking spaces within a parking lot. For a parking facility with a high percentage of its spaces occupied, it can be more efficient for a data collector to count vacant spaces rather than parked vehicles.

Appendix C: Parking Generation Data Collection

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A parking demand count can be derived from a site vehicle trip generation count (i.e., a comprehensive count of vehicles entering and exiting a parking lot) if the following four conditions are met: ●● The number of parked vehicles is observed immediately before and after the vehicle trip generation count ●● The vehicles entering and exiting the parking lot represent all vehicle trips generated by the study site ●● The vehicles entering and exiting the parking lot represent represent only the vehicle trips generated by the study site ●● The land use does not include vehicles that stand at the study site (e.g., for pick-up or drop-off at a school; drive-through customer at a fast-food restaurant) unless the trip generation count can distinguish between vehicles destined to park or to stand A comprehensive count of motor vehicle parking is the primary subject of Parking Generation Manual. At the same time, a surveyor may observe other parking activity of interest. Following are some basic guidelines for what to include in the vehicle count and what not to include: ●● A truck, trailer, trash compactor, or other object in a loading dock area that consumes a parking space should not be included in the count of vehicle parking demand ●● An illegally parked vehicle associated with the land use should be counted ●● A vehicle taking up two parking spaces should be counted as a single vehicle ●● A vehicle queued in a drive-through facility or pick up/drop off zone should not be counted as vehicle parking demand but should be counted separately to provide information on this activity (if the vehicles park in the parking facility spaces and conduct this activity they should be counted) ●● A delivery vehicle using a parking space should be counted, but not if parked in a truck loading area/dock (it can be observed and counted separately, if desired) ●● A motorcycle parked in a vehicle space should be counted as a parked vehicle ●● A vehicle parked in an accessible parking stall should be counted in the parking demand (they also can be separated out, if desired) Bicycle parking should not be counted in the vehicle parking observation, but the analyst is encouraged to count bicycles separately and submit the data to ITE.

Conduct Interview Surveys as Necessary Many study sites are sufficiently isolated that the number of parked vehicles associated with the study site can be determined through simple visual observation (i.e., a count of vehicles in a parking lot, a count of vehicles parked on-street and adjacent to the study site). For other study sites, observations alone may not be adequate to determine the number of parked vehicles associated with the site. A couple examples where an observation count is likely not sufficient are (1) a study site where parking supply is shared with another site or land use and (2) a study site where a motorist who walks to and from an off-site parking location cannot be visually distinguished from a person whose travel mode is by transit or as a pedestrian. Under those circumstances, data collection may require the interview of a sample of persons entering and exiting the site to determine whether they are walking to or from a parked vehicle (which should then be included in the parking demand count for the study site).

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Interviewers can typically interview only a sample of all people entering or exiting a building or site entrance. Therefore, it is necessary to also conduct a count of all people entering and exiting each interview location so that the interview data can be factored to represent the universe of all person trips at that entrance. In addition, the factoring will account for different sampling rates at a site with multiple interview points. Both the purpose of the data collection effort and the characteristics of the data collection site dictate whether an observation count will suffice or if a combination of interviews and counts is necessary. If it is possible and practical to conduct the necessary data collection by observation counts alone, it is preferable to do so. A count requires fewer resources.

Submit Parking Demand Data to ITE A sample parking generation survey summary form is presented on the following page. Hard copy Parking Generation data collection forms are available on the ITE website at: https://www.ite.org/technical-resources/topics/trip-and-parking-generation. Data may also be submitted through direct transmittal of electronic files to the ITE Parking Generation email address presented below. Completed forms should be returned to ITE at the address below. The submittal should include a brief report that presents the day and date of data collection, the data collection results and the sitespecific information listed in Table C1. Institute of Transportation Engineers 1627 Eye Street, NW, Suite 600 Washington, DC 20006 Telephone: +1 202-785-0060 Fax: +1 202-785-0609 www.ite.org email: [email protected]

Questions and Comments Questions and comments regarding Parking Generation Manual should be addressed to: Institute of Transportation Engineers 1627 Eye Street, NW, Suite 600 Washington, DC 20006 Telephone: 202-785-0060 Fax: 202-785-0609 www.ite.org email: [email protected]

Appendix C: Parking Generation Data Collection

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