On winter warfare

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CASS SERIES ON SOVIET 1IIILITARY THEORY AND PRACTICE

WINTER WARFARE

CASS SERIES ON THE SOVIET STUDY OF WAR (Selected Translations)

Series Editor: David M . Glantz

This series examines what Soviet military theorists and commanders have learned from the study of their own military operations. Separate volumes contain annotated translations of Soviet works analysing their own experiences, as well as the works of important Soviet military theorists and collections of Soviet articles concerning specific campaigns, operations or military techniques. Harold S. Orenstein, translator and editor, Soriet Documents 011 the UseofWarExperience, Volume I, The Initial PeriodofTVar 1941, with an introduction by David M . Glantz. Harold S. Orenstein, translator and editor, SovietDocuments 011the Use ofl%r Experience, Volume II, The Wimer Campaign 1941-1942, with an Introduction by David M , Glantz . Joseph G. Welsh, translator, RedArmorCombatOrders: Combat Regulationsfor TankandMechallized Forces 1944, edited and with an Introduction by Richard N. Armstrong. Harold S. Orenstein, translator and editor, Soriet Documents 011the UseofWarExperience, Volume III, Military Operations 1941 and 1942, with an Introduction by David ?\l. Glantz. William A. Burhans, translator, TheNature ofthe Operations ofModem Armies,by V.K. Triandafillov, Kipp, with an Introduction by James J. Schneider. edited by Jacob

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Richard N. Armstrong, editor, and Joseph G. Welsh, editor and translator, Wimer Warfare: Red Army Orders and Experiences. Introduction by Richard N. Armstrong. Carl van Dyke, The Soviet lntasion ofFinland, 1939-1940.

Winter Warfare RED ARMY ORDERS AND EXPERIENCES

Edited by

Richard N. Armstrong and Joseph G. Welsh Translated by Joseph G. Welsh Introduction by Richard N. Armstrong

I~ ~~o~~~~n~~~up LONDON AND NEW YORK

First pub lished 1997 by Frank Cass & Co.l.td Published 20\3 by Routl edge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4R N 7 11 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017, USA Roulledge is an imprint ofl he Tay lor & ' ''rancis Group, an infonna bll .,incss

Tr anslalion C0 l'~ r i ~ ht 0 1997Jose ph G Welsh [ nt ro d u ~"I i on COP)rittht 0 1')97 Ridurd 1'>:, ArmSl

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All rig hts reserved. No part of thi s boo k ma y be repr inted o r reprod uced or ut ilised in any form or by an y electronic, m echa nica l, or oth er me ans, now known or here aft er inve nte d, incl ud ing photoc opying a nd record ing, or in any inform atio n storage or retrieval syste m, withou t permission in wr itin g from the publi sher s. T)peset by Vitaset, Paddoc k Wood, Kent

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in Publicalion Data:

Wint er warfare : Red Arm ~ ' orders and experie nces. - (Cas, senes on Soviet milita ry t hco r~ ' and pract ice) I . U nion of Soviet Soc ialist Republics. Armi ia 2. Winter warfare 3. Soviet U nion - H i s lO r~ ' , .' l ilit1r} I. ....rrnstrong , Richard K (Richard Nolan), I'N &- II. Welsh, j oseph G. 355.4'23'0'!47 ISBN 9711-Q-7 [4 -64237-6 (rllk) Libr ar y or Congress Caraloging-in -Public enon D ata: Winter warfare : Red Arm) orders and exper iences I edited by Richard N, i\ rm Sl ru n~ and joseph G. Welsh : tr anslated b ~ j ose ph G. Welsh : introduction by Richard N, Arm stron g. p- em. - (Cass series on Soviet milita ry th eory and p ra cti

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Ind udes index . I . Wint er warfare, 2. Sm'ie! U nion. Rab