Nietzsche's View of Socrates 9781501733963

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NIETZSCHE’S VIEW OF SOCRATES

NIETZSCHE’S VIEW OF SOCRATES Werner J. Dannhauser

CORNELL UNIVERSITY PRESS Ithaca and London

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Copyright © 1974 by Cornell University All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the pubhsher. For information address Cornell University Press, 124 Roberts Place, Ithaca, New York 14850. First published 1974 by Cornell University Press. Published in the United Kingdom by Cornell University Press Ltd., 2-4 Brook Street, London WIY lAA.

International Standard Book Number 0-8014-0827-x Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 73-20797 Printed in the United States of America by Crimson Printing Company

To the memory of my father^ Siegfried Dannhauser and my uncle, Alfred L. Einstein

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Contents Acknowledgments

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1. Introduction 2. Socrates in The Birth of Tragedy and in Nietzsche’s Early Writings on the Greeks Background Exposition Nietzsche’s Self-Criticism The Novelty of The Birth of Tragedy Nietzsche’s Socrates Nietzsche’s Aesthetics versus Aesthetic Socratism The Tragic versus the Theoretical View of the World The Artist Philosopher 3. Nietzsche’s View of Socrates, from Untimely Considerations to The Gay Science Untimely Considerations Nietzsche’s Middle Period Human, All-too Human, Volume 1 Human, All-too Human, Volume 2, Part 1 Human, All-too Human, Volume 2, Part 2 Dawn of Day The Gay Science, Books 1-4 4. The View of Socrates in Nietzsche’s Final Period The Gay Science, Book 5 Beyond Good and Evil On the Genealogy of Morals The Case of Wagner Twilight of the Idols: General Background Twilight of the Idols: The Aphoristic Style and Structure Twilight of the Idols: “The Problem of Socrates” Twilight of the Idols: The Conclusion of the Argument The Antichrist Ecce Homo The Will to Power

13 42 42 46 75 80 87 103 119 129 140 140 155 159 164 165 168 171 175 175 178 188 190 192 195 207 223 233 234 237

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Contents

5. Conclusion Who is Nietzsche’s Zarathustra? Zarathustra versus Socrates The Teaching of Zarathustra versus the Teaching of Socrates Nietzsche and Socrates: Conclusion

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