Next Steps in Mandarin Chinese with Paul Noble (Book Only) 9780008287146

Citation preview

Collins

Review booklet

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This booklet provides you with a quick and easy way to review and reinforce what you have learned during your Mandarin Chinese audio course. However, the booklet should be used after you have begun working through the audio recording not before, as the booklet is not designed to teach you Mandarin Chinese by itself.

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Published by Collins An imprint of HarperCollins Publishers Westerhill Road Bishopbriggs Glasgow G64 2QT www.harpercollins.co.uk First Edition 2019 © Paul Noble and Kai-Ti Noble 2019 ISBN 978-0-00-828714-6 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 www.collinsdictionary.com Typeset by Davidson Publishing Solutions, Glasgow All rights reserved. Words that we have reason to believe constitute trademarks have been designated as such. However, neither the presence nor absence of such designation should be regarded as affecting the legal status of any trademark. If you would like to comment on any aspect of this product, please contact us at the given address or online. E-mail: [email protected] www.facebook.com/collinsdictionary @collinsdict Other languages in the Collins Next Steps with Paul Noble series: French, Italian, Spanish, German

Contents How to use this booklet

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Find out how this booklet can help you as you progress through the course.

Core course review

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Here you can review all the key structures you learnt during the course in a quick and easy way.

Should

8

Need

12

When? / Why? / Who?

16

Am / Is / Are

17

Would and Could

24

Not yet

27

Could have, Should have, Would have

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The detective “tense”

32

The future – using “hui”

36

Want-not-want type constructions

38

A change of situation

41

Tone review

46

Audio track listing

53

Paul: To Wickywoo and the monkeys. ߅㩖˖⥏㌺៥ᩃᛯⱘ⠊㽾

How to use this booklet This booklet has been designed to provide you with a quick and easy way to review and reinforce the key vocabulary, structures and contents of your Paul Noble Next Steps Chinese course. Although the core part of your learning will take place via your use of the accompanying course recordings, we have also included this booklet in order to provide you with a quick reference guide to the language. It is worth noting that this booklet should be used after you have begun working through the audio recording. It will serve as excellent reinforcement, guidance and review material but is not designed to teach you Chinese by itself. This is what the audio recording will do – and very rapidly too. After you have begun listening to the course, you will then find this booklet to be an extremely useful review and reference resource but you must start by listening to the recording first. So, if you haven’t done so already, go and press play on that first audio track and get started. You’re about to find out just how good a course this is!

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Core course review The best way to use this part of your booklet is to start by reading through a page, looking at both the English and the Chinese. Then go back to the beginning of that same page and, while covering the Chinese side of the text, translate the English into Chinese – just as you did when you listened to the audio part of the course. Once you can get 90% of a page’s content correct, move on to the next page and follow the process again. By doing this, you will quickly recall and reinforce what you learnt with the course recordings. A note about the format Each sentence provided in the core course review is laid out with the English on the left-hand side and the Chinese on the right. The Chinese side provides three written versions of the Chinese translation. For example: I want fried noodles.     

៥㽕♦咉DŽ ៥㽕♦䴶DŽ Wǒ yào chǎo miàn.

All three versions say exactly the same thing in Chinese. The top version is a translation of the English that has been written in traditional Chinese characters. This is the written form of Chinese currently in use in Taiwan and Hong Kong. The middle version is a translation of the English that has been written in simplified Chinese characters. This is the written form of Chinese currently in use in Mainland China. The bottom version is a translation of the English that has been written in the Romanised version of Chinese, known as “pinyin”. It is used by non-Chinese to read the language. It includes tone marks to let you know which tone to use for each syllable. Use whichever helps you most. I have included all three versions here, so that you can use this booklet in whichever way suits you best. If you are mostly interested in learning to speak the language, then you will probably want to read the bottom, Romanised version. If you are planning to learn the written language used in Mainland China, you will wish to learn how to read the middle, simplified version. If you are planning to learn the written language used in Taiwan and Hong Kong, you will wish to learn how to read the top, traditional version.

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Should should

ឝ䁆 ᑨ䆹 yīnggāi

I should

៥ឝ䁆 ៥ᑨ䆹 Wǒ yīnggāi

shop / store / a shop / a store / the shop / the store

ଚᑫ ଚᑫ shāngdiàn

I should go to the shop / store to buy bread.

៥ឝ䁆এଚᑫ䊋咉ࣙDŽ ៥ᑨ䆹এଚᑫф䴶ࣙDŽ Wǒ yīnggāi qù shāngdiàn mǎi miànbāo.

Should I go to the shop / store to buy bread?

៥ឝ䁆এଚᑫ䊋咉ࣙ஢˛ ៥ᑨ䆹এଚᑫф䴶ࣙ৫˛ Wǒ yīnggāi qù shāngdiàn mǎi miànbāo ma?

Yes.

ឝ䁆DŽ ᑨ䆹DŽ Yīnggāi.

No.

ϡឝ䁆DŽ ϡᑨ䆹DŽ Bù yìnggāi.

home / family / family run unit

ᆊ ᆊ jiā

one

ϔ ϔ yī

one shop / one store

ϔᆊଚᑫ ϔᆊଚᑫ yī jiā shāngdiàn

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a couple

ܽ ϸ liǎng

two shops / two stores

ܽᆊଚᑫ ϸᆊଚᑫ liǎng jiā shāngdiàn

NOTE! As you learnt during the course, liǎng (a couple) rather than èr (the word used to mean “two” when counting) is always used with unit words to express “two”. So, you won’t say “èr gè shǒutíbāo” for two handbags or “èr jiā shāngdiàn” for two shops. No, no, no. Instead you will say “liǎng gè shǒutíbāo”, “liǎng jiā shāngdiàn” and so on.

that

䙷 䙷 nà

that shop / that store

䙷ᆊଚᑫ 䙷ᆊଚᑫ nà jiā shāngdiàn

I’d like to go to that shop / store.

៥ᛇএ䙷ᆊଚᑫDŽ ៥ᛇএ䙷ᆊଚᑫDŽ Wǒ xiǎng qù nà jiā shāngdiàn.

bakery / a bakery

咉ࣙᑫ 䴶ࣙᑫ miànbāodiàn

that bakery

䙷ᆊ咉ࣙᑫ 䙷ᆊ䴶ࣙᑫ nà jiā miànbāodiàn

You should go to that bakery to buy bread.

Դឝ䁆এ䙷ᆊ咉ࣙᑫ䊋咉ࣙDŽ Դᑨ䆹এ䙷ᆊ䴶ࣙᑫф䴶ࣙDŽ Nǐ yīnggāi qù nà jiā miànbāodiàn mǎi miànbāo.

tasty (for food)

དৗ དৗ hǎo chī

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Their bread is tasty.

Ҫ‫ⱘץ‬咉ࣙᕜདৗDŽ ҪӀⱘ䴶ࣙᕜདৗDŽ Tāmen de miànbāo hěn hǎo chī.

NOTE! So, as you can see in the sentence above, when we’re describing what something is like – saying that it’s tasty, good or big etc – we don’t use “am” or “is” or “are” as we would in English. Instead, we use “hěn” (very). So, to say “Their bread’s tasty” you’ll literally say “Their bread very tasty.” To say “He’s very big” you’ll literally say “He very big”. To say “I’m fat”, you’ll literally say “I very fat.” So, for describing things how things are – big, tasty, good, fat etc – use “very” not “am” / “is” / “are”.

಴⚎ ಴Ў

because

yīnwèi

You should go to that bakery to buy bread because their bread is tasty.  



Դឝ䁆এ䙷ᆊ咉ࣙᑫ䊋咉ࣙˈ಴⚎Ҫ ‫ⱘץ‬咉ࣙᕜདৗDŽ Դᑨ䆹এ䙷ᆊ䴶ࣙᑫф䴶ࣙˈ಴ЎҪ Ӏⱘ䴶ࣙᕜདৗDŽ Nǐ yīnggāi qù nà jiā miànbāodiàn mǎi miànbāo, yīnwèi tāmen de miànbāo hěn hǎo chī.

੪ଵᑫ ੪ଵᑫ

café / coffee shop

kāfēidiàn

I would like to go to that café.

៥ᛇএ䙷ᆊ੪ଵᑫDŽ ៥ᛇএ䙷ᆊ੪ଵᑫDŽ Wǒ xiǎng qù nà jiā kāfēidiàn.

དୱ དୱ

tasty (for drinks)

hǎo hē

I would like to go to that café because their coffee is tasty.  



៥ᛇএ䙷ᆊ੪ଵᑫˈ಴⚎Ҫ‫ⱘץ‬੪ଵ ᕜདୱDŽ ៥ᛇএ䙷ᆊ੪ଵᑫˈ಴ЎҪӀⱘ੪ଵ ᕜདୱDŽ Wǒ xiǎng qù nà jiā kāfēidiàn, yīnwèi tāmen de kāfēi hěn hǎo hē.

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not tasty (for food)

ϡདৗ ϡདৗ bù hǎo chī

not tasty (for drinks)

ϡདୱ ϡདୱ bù hǎo hē

You shouldn’t go to that café because Դϡឝ䁆এ䙷ᆊ੪ଵᑫˈ಴⚎Ҫ‫ⱘץ‬ their coffee is not tasty. ੪ଵϡདୱDŽ Դϡᑨ䆹এ䙷ᆊ੪ଵᑫˈ಴ЎҪӀⱘ    ੪ଵϡདୱDŽ Nǐ bù yīnggāi qù nà jiā kāfēidiàn, yīnwèi tāmen de kāfēi bù hǎo hē.

green tea

㍴㤊 㓓㤊 lǜ chá

You shouldn’t go to that shop to buy green tea because their green tea is not tasty.    

Դϡឝ䁆এ䙷ᆊଚᑫ䊋㍴㤊ˈ಴⚎Ҫ ‫ⱘץ‬㍴㤊ϡདୱDŽ Դϡᑨ䆹এ䙷ᆊଚᑫф㓓㤊ˈ಴ЎҪ Ӏⱘ㓓㤊ϡདୱDŽ Nǐ bù yīnggāi qù nà jiā shāngdiàn mǎi lǜ chá, yīnwèi tāmen de lǜ chá bù hǎo hē.

to drive

䭟䒞 ᓔ䔺 kāi chē

You should drive today.

ԴҞ໽ឝ䁆䭟䒞DŽ ԴҞ໽ᑨ䆹ᓔ䔺DŽ Nǐ jīntiān yīnggāi kāi chē.

You should drive today because I’m not able to.

ԴҞ໽ឝ䁆䭟䒞ˈ಴⚎៥ϡ㛑DŽ ԴҞ໽ᑨ䆹ᓔ䔺ˈ಴Ў៥ϡ㛑DŽ Nǐ jīntiān yīnggāi kāi chē, yīnwèi wǒ bù néng.

alcohol

䜦 䜦 jiǔ

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You drank alcohol this evening.

ԴҞ໽ᰮϞୱњ䜦DŽ ԴҞ໽ᰮϞୱњ䜦DŽ Nǐ jīntiān wǎnshàng hē le jiǔ.

You drank alcohol this evening. You shouldn’t drive.

ԴҞ໽ᰮϞୱњ䜦ˈԴϡឝ䁆䭟䒞DŽ ԴҞ໽ᰮϞୱњ䜦ˈԴϡᑨ䆹ᓔ䔺DŽ Nǐ jīntiān wǎnshàng hē le jiǔ, nǐ bù yīnggāi kāi chē.

He can (it’s okay for him to) drive because he didn’t drink alcohol this evening.   

Ҫৃҹ䭟䒞ˈ಴⚎ҪҞ໽ᰮϞ≦᳝ ୱ䜦DŽ Ҫৃҹᓔ䔺ˈ಴ЎҪҞ໽ᰮϞ≵᳝ ୱ䜦DŽ Tā kěyǐ kāi chē, yīnwèi tā jīntiān wǎnshàng méi yǒu hē jiǔ.

Need need

䳔㽕 䳔㽕 xūyào

I need to go to that shop to buy green tea.

៥䳔㽕এ䙷ᆊଚᑫ䊋㍴㤊DŽ ៥䳔㽕এ䙷ᆊଚᑫф㓓㤊DŽ Wǒ xūyào qù nà jiā shāngdiàn mǎi lǜ chá.

hotel (Mainland China)1

䜦ᑫ 䜦ᑫ jiǔdiàn

Do you need to go to your hotel?

Դ䳔㽕এԴⱘ䜦ᑫ஢˛ Դ䳔㽕এԴⱘ䜦ᑫ৫˛ Nǐ xūyào qù nǐ de jiǔdiàn ma?

Yes.

䳔㽕DŽ 䳔㽕DŽ Xūyào.

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As you learned during the course, “jiǔdiàn” / “䜦ᑫ” means “hotel” in Chinese – or at least, it does in Mainland China. Should you visit Taiwan, however, you will find that the term for “hotel” used there is not “jiǔdiàn” / “䜦ᑫ” (literally “alcohol shop”) but rather “fàndiàn” / 仃ᑫ (literally “rice shop”). So, if you go to Taiwan and need a hotel, use the term “rice shop” (fàndiàn) rather than “alcohol shop” (jiǔdiàn) whenever you want to say “hotel”!

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ϡ䳔㽕DŽ ϡ䳔㽕DŽ

No.

Bù xūyào.

parents  



⠌႑ ⠌ཛྷ bàmā

my parents

៥⠌႑ ៥⠌ཛྷ wǒ bàmā

My parents need to go to their hotel.

៥⠌႑䳔㽕এҪ‫ⱘץ‬䜦ᑫDŽ ៥⠌ཛྷ䳔㽕এҪӀⱘ䜦ᑫDŽ Wǒ bàmā xūyào qù tāmen de jiǔdiàn.

to go back / to return go

ಲএ ಲএ huíqù

My parents need to go back this evening.

៥⠌႑Ҟ໽ᰮϞ䳔㽕ಲএDŽ ៥⠌ཛྷҞ໽ᰮϞ䳔㽕ಲএDŽ Wǒ bàmā jīntiān wǎnshàng xūyào huíqù.

My parents need to go back to their hotel this evening.

៥⠌႑Ҟ໽ᰮϞ䳔㽕ಲҪ‫ⱘץ‬䜦ᑫDŽ ៥⠌ཛྷҞ໽ᰮϞ䳔㽕ಲҪӀⱘ䜦ᑫDŽ Wǒ bàmā jīntiān wǎnshàng xūyào huí tāmen de jiǔdiàn.

NOTE! So, when used just on its own, “to go back” is “huíqù” / “ಲএ” but when you mention the place you’re going back to, you will drop the “qù” / “এ” part, leaving you with just “huí” / “ಲ”.

She needs to go back to China tomorrow.

ཌྷᯢ໽䳔㽕ಲЁ೟DŽ ཌྷᯢ໽䳔㽕ಲЁ೑DŽ Tā míngtiān xūyào huí Zhōngguó.

She needs to go back tomorrow.

ཌྷᯢ໽䳔㽕ಲএDŽ ཌྷᯢ໽䳔㽕ಲএDŽ Tā míngtiān xūyào huíqù.

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to go home / to return home

ಲᆊ ಲᆊ huí jiā

Tomorrow, she needs to go home.

ᯢ໽ˈཌྷ䳔㽕ಲᆊDŽ ᯢ໽ˈཌྷ䳔㽕ಲᆊDŽ Míngtiān, tā xūyào huí jiā.

She needs to go home tomorrow.

ཌྷᯢ໽䳔㽕ಲᆊDŽ ཌྷᯢ໽䳔㽕ಲᆊDŽ Tā míngtiān xūyào huí jiā.

mum’s

႑႑ⱘ ཛྷཛྷⱘ māma de

Tomorrow, you should use mum’s computer.

ᯢ໽ˈԴឝ䁆⫼႑႑ⱘ䳏㜺DŽ ᯢ໽ˈԴᑨ䆹⫼ཛྷཛྷⱘ⬉㛥DŽ Míngtiān, nǐ yīnggāi yòng māma de diànnǎo.

You should use mum’s computer tomorrow. 

Դᯢ໽ឝ䁆⫼႑႑ⱘ䳏㜺DŽ Դᯢ໽ᑨ䆹⫼ཛྷཛྷⱘ⬉㛥DŽ Nǐ míngtiān yīnggāi yòng māma de diànnǎo.

You should use mum’s computers tomorrow.

Դឝ䁆ᯢ໽⫼႑႑ⱘ䳏㜺DŽ Դᑨ䆹ᯢ໽⫼ཛྷཛྷⱘ⬉㛥DŽ Nǐ yīnggāi míngtiān yòng māma de diànnǎo.

NOTE! With words such as “should”, “can”, “need”, “want”, “would like” and “will”, there is a great deal of flexibility regarding where you can put the time reference in relation to these. Looking at the three sentences above, you can see how the time reference (in this case, the word “míngtiān” / “tomorrow”) can go right up at the front of the sentence or just before the“should” or just after the“should”. You’ll find a few more examples of this flexibility below so that you can at least be aware of the range of possibilities.

dad’s

⠌⠌ⱘ ⠌⠌ⱘ bàba de

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I need to use Dad’s car.

៥䳔㽕⫼⠌⠌ⱘ䒞DŽ ៥䳔㽕⫼⠌⠌ⱘ䔺DŽ Wǒ xūyào yòng bàba de chē.

at one o’clock / one o’clock’s time

ϔ咲ⱘᰖ‫׭‬ ϔ⚍ⱘᯊ‫׭‬ yīdiǎn de shíhòu

At one o’clock, he needs to use dad’s car.

ϔ咲ⱘᰖ‫ˈ׭‬Ҫ䳔㽕⫼⠌⠌ⱘ䒞DŽ ϔ⚍ⱘᯊ‫ˈ׭‬Ҫ䳔㽕⫼⠌⠌ⱘ䔺DŽ Yīdiǎn de shíhòu, tā xūyào yòng bàba de chē.

He needs to use dad’s car at one o’clock.

Ҫϔ咲ⱘᰖ‫׭‬䳔㽕⫼⠌⠌ⱘ䒞DŽ Ҫϔ⚍ⱘᯊ‫׭‬䳔㽕⫼⠌⠌ⱘ䔺DŽ Tā yīdiǎn de shíhòu xūyào yòng bàba de chē.

He needs to use dad’s car at one o’clock.

Ҫ䳔㽕ϔ咲ⱘᰖ‫⫼׭‬⠌⠌ⱘ䒞DŽ Ҫ䳔㽕ϔ⚍ⱘᯊ‫⫼׭‬⠌⠌ⱘ䔺DŽ Tā xūyào yīdiǎn de shíhòu yòng bàba de chē.

at two o’clock

ܽ咲ⱘᰖ‫׭‬ ϸ⚍ⱘᯊ‫׭‬ liǎng diǎn de shíhòu

At two o’clock, I need to go back to my hotel.

ܽ咲ⱘᰖ‫ˈ׭‬៥䳔㽕ಲ៥ⱘ䜦ᑫDŽ ϸ⚍ⱘᯊ‫ˈ׭‬៥䳔㽕ಲ៥ⱘ䜦ᑫDŽ Liǎng diǎn de shíhòu, wǒ xūyào huí wǒ de jiǔdiàn.

I need to go back to my hotel at two o’clock.   

I need to go back to my hotel at two o’clock.   

៥ܽ咲ⱘᰖ‫׭‬䳔㽕ಲ៥ⱘ䜦ᑫDŽ ៥ϸ⚍ⱘᯊ‫׭‬䳔㽕ಲ៥ⱘ䜦ᑫDŽ Wǒ liǎng diǎn de shíhòu xūyào huí wǒ de jiǔdiàn.

៥䳔㽕ܽ咲ⱘᰖ‫׭‬ಲ៥ⱘ䜦ᑫDŽ ៥䳔㽕ϸ⚍ⱘᯊ‫׭‬ಲ៥ⱘ䜦ᑫDŽ Wǒ xūyào liǎng diǎn de shíhòu huí wǒ de jiǔdiàn.

15

When? / Why? / Who? When?  



Ҕ咐ᰖ‫˛׭‬ ҔМᯊ‫˛׭‬ Shénme shíhòu?

When would you like to go? / You when would like to go?

ԴҔ咐ᰖ‫׭‬ᛇএ˛ ԴҔМᯊ‫׭‬ᛇএ˛ Nǐ shénme shíhòu xiǎng qù?

When would you like to go to that bakery?

ԴҔ咐ᰖ‫׭‬ᛇএ䙷ᆊ咉ࣙᑫ˛ ԴҔМᯊ‫׭‬ᛇএ䙷ᆊ䴶ࣙᑫ˛ Nǐ shénme shíhòu xiǎng qù nà jiā miànbāodiàn?

When do you need to go home?

ԴҔ咐ᰖ‫׭‬䳔㽕ಲᆊ˛ ԴҔМᯊ‫׭‬䳔㽕ಲᆊ˛ Nǐ shénme shíhòu xūyào huí jiā?

When should we go home?

៥‫ץ‬Ҕ咐ᰖ‫׭‬ឝ䁆ಲᆊ˛ ៥ӀҔМᯊ‫׭‬ᑨ䆹ಲᆊ˛ Wǒmen shénme shíhòu yīnggāi huí jiā?

⚎Ҕ咐˛ ЎҔМ˛

Why?

Wèishénme?

Why should I go to that bakery? / I why should go to that bakery?

៥⚎Ҕ咐ឝ䁆এ䙷ᆊ咉ࣙᑫ˛ ៥ЎҔМᑨ䆹এ䙷ᆊ䴶ࣙᑫ˛ Wǒ wèishénme yīnggāi qù nà jiā miànbāodiàn?

with  



䎳 䎳 gēn

with Paul

䎳3DXO 䎳3DXO gēn Paul

Why should I go with Paul?

៥⚎Ҕ咐ឝ䁆䎳3DXOএ" ៥ЎҔМᑨ䆹䎳3DXOএ" Wǒ wèishénme yīnggāi gēn Paul qù?

16

Who?

䂄˛ 䇕˛ Shéi?

With who? / With whom?

䎳䂄˛ 䎳䇕˛ Gēn shéi?

Who should I go home with? / I should with whom return home?

៥ឝ䁆䎳䂄ಲᆊ˛ ៥ᑨ䆹䎳䇕ಲᆊ˛ Wǒ yīnggāi gēn shéi huí jiā?

Who would you like to go with?

Դᛇ䎳䂄এ˛ Դᛇ䎳䇕এ˛ Nǐ xiǎng gēn shéi qù?

You drink

Դୱ Դୱ Nǐ hē

You drink alcohol.

Դୱ䜦DŽ Դୱ䜦DŽ Nǐ hē jiǔ.

You are drinking alcohol. / You located in drinking alcohol.   

Դ೼ୱ䜦DŽ Դ೼ୱ䜦DŽ Nǐ zài hē jiǔ.

Who are you drinking alcohol with? / Դ೼䎳䂄ୱ䜦˛ You located in with whom Դ೼䎳䇕ୱ䜦˛ drinking alcohol? Nǐ zài gēn shéi hē jiǔ?

Am / Is / Are am / is / are

ᰃ ᰃ shì

I am

៥ᰃ ៥ᰃ Wǒ shì

17

He is

Ҫᰃ Ҫᰃ Tā shì

We are

៥‫ץ‬ᰃ ៥Ӏᰃ Wǒmen shì

person

Ҏ Ҏ rén

China / Middle country / Middle kingdom

Ё೟ Ё೑ Zhōngguó

Chinese (the nationality)

Ё೟Ҏ Ё೑Ҏ Zhōngguó rén

We are Chinese.

៥‫ץ‬ᰃЁ೟ҎDŽ ៥ӀᰃЁ೑ҎDŽ Wǒmen shì Zhōngguó rén.

I am

៥ᰃ ៥ᰃ Wǒ shì

I am Chinese.

៥ᰃЁ೟ҎDŽ ៥ᰃЁ೑ҎDŽ Wǒ shì Zhōngguó rén.

I am not

៥ϡᰃ ៥ϡᰃ Wǒ bù shì

I am not Chinese.

៥ϡᰃЁ೟ҎDŽ ៥ϡᰃЁ೑ҎDŽ Wǒ bù shì Zhōngguó rén.

Great Britain / Brave country

㣅೟ 㣅೑ Yīngguó

18

British

㣅೟Ҏ 㣅೑Ҏ Yīngguó rén

I am not British.

៥ϡᰃ㣅೟ҎDŽ ៥ϡᰃ㣅೑ҎDŽ Wǒ bù shì Yīngguó rén.

I am British.

៥ᰃ㣅೟ҎDŽ ៥ᰃ㣅೑ҎDŽ Wǒ shì Yīngguó rén.

I’m Paul.

៥ᰃ3DXODŽ ៥ᰃ3DXODŽ Wǒ shì Paul.

Hello, I’m Paul.

Դདˈ៥ᰃ3DXODŽ Դདˈ៥ᰃ3DXODŽ Nǐ hǎo. Wǒ shì Paul.

Hello, I’m Paul. I’m British.

Դདˈ៥ᰃ3DXOˈ៥ᰃ㣅೟ҎDŽ Դདˈ៥ᰃ3DXOˈ៥ᰃ㣅೑ҎDŽ Nǐ hǎo, wǒ shì Paul. Wǒ shì Yīngguó rén.

America / Beautiful country

㕢೟ 㕢೑ Měiguó

American

㕢೟Ҏ 㕢೑Ҏ Měiguó rén

We’re American.

៥‫ץ‬ᰃ㕢೟ҎDŽ ៥Ӏᰃ㕢೑ҎDŽ Wǒmen shì Měiguó rén.

We’re not

៥‫ץ‬ϡᰃ ៥Ӏϡᰃ Wǒmen bù shì

We’re not American.

៥‫ץ‬ϡᰃ㕢೟ҎDŽ ៥Ӏϡᰃ㕢೑ҎDŽ Wǒmen bù shì Měiguó rén.

19

teacher / old master

㗕᏿ 㗕Ꮬ lǎoshī

I’m a teacher. / I am teacher.

៥ᰃ㗕᏿DŽ ៥ᰃ㗕ᏜDŽ Wǒ shì lǎoshī.

I’m a teacher. / I am one unit teacher. ៥ᰃϔ‫ן‬㗕᏿DŽ ៥ᰃϔϾ㗕ᏜDŽ Wǒ shì yī gè lǎoshī.

NOTE! To say what someone is (a teacher, a tourist, a Buddhist monk – whatever) you can choose whether or not to include the “one unit” part. So, you can say “I am teacher” or “I am one unit teacher” – it’s up to you. For the rest of this booklet, however, we will include the one unit part in all the examples.

Ё᭛㗕᏿ Ё᭛㗕Ꮬ

Chinese teacher

Zhōngwén lǎoshī

I’m a Chinese teacher.

៥ᰃϔ‫ן‬Ё᭛㗕᏿DŽ ៥ᰃϔϾЁ᭛㗕ᏜDŽ Wǒ shì yī gè Zhōngwén lǎoshī.

㣅᭛㗕᏿ 㣅᭛㗕Ꮬ

English teacher

Yīngwén lǎoshī

I’m an English teacher.

៥ᰃϔ‫ן‬㣅᭛㗕᏿DŽ ៥ᰃϔϾ㣅᭛㗕ᏜDŽ



Wǒ shì yī gè Yīngwén lǎoshī.

I’m Katy. I’m American. I’m an English teacher. 

៥ᰃ.DW\ˈ៥ᰃ㕢೟Ҏˈ៥ᰃϔ‫ן‬㣅 ᭛㗕᏿DŽ ៥ᰃ.DW\ˈ៥ᰃ㕢೑Ҏˈ៥ᰃϔϾ㣅 ᭛㗕ᏜDŽ

 



Wǒ shì Katy, wǒ shì Měiguó rén, wǒ shì yī gè Yīngwén lǎoshī.

20

ࡴᣓ໻ ࡴᣓ໻

Canada

Jiānádà

ࡴᣓ໻Ҏ ࡴᣓ໻Ҏ

Canadian

Jiānádà rén

Դᰃࡴᣓ໻Ҏ஢˛ Դᰃࡴᣓ໻Ҏ৫˛

Are you Canadian?

Nǐ shì Jiānádà rén ma?

ᰃDŽ ᰃDŽ

Yes.

Shì.

No, I’m American.   

ϡᰃˈ៥ᰃ㕢೟ҎDŽ ϡᰃˈ៥ᰃ㕢೑ҎDŽ Bù shì, wǒ shì Měiguó rén.

Which?  

 

ા˛ ા˛ Nǎ?

Which country?

ા೟˛ ા೑˛ Nǎ guó?

Which country are you from? / You are which country person?

Դᰃા೟Ҏ˛ Դᰃા೑Ҏ˛ Nǐ shì nǎ guó rén?

I’m Canadian.

៥ᰃࡴᣓ໻ҎDŽ ៥ᰃࡴᣓ໻ҎDŽ Wǒ shì Jiānádà rén.

tourist / literally “tour guest”

䘞ᅶ ␌ᅶ yóukè

He’s a tourist. / He is one unit tourist.

Ҫᰃϔ‫ן‬䘞ᅶDŽ ҪᰃϔϾ␌ᅶDŽ Tā shì yī gè yóukè.

21

He’s not a tourist. He’s an English teacher.

Ҫϡᰃϔ‫ן‬䘞ᅶDŽҪᰃϔ‫ן‬㣅᭛㗕᏿DŽ ҪϡᰃϔϾ␌ᅶDŽҪᰃϔϾ㣅᭛㗕ᏜDŽ Tā bù shì yī gè yóukè. Tā shì yī gè Yīngwén lǎoshī.

NOTE! So, in Chinese we can use “am” / “is” / “are” – “shì” – to talk about who we are (Hi, I’m Paul), what we are (I’m a teacher) and also what our nationality is (I’m British – literally “I’m a British person”). But, as mentioned earlier, we can’t use it for describing how things are (as we do in English) – so we can’t use “shì” to say that something is tasty or beautiful or that someone is old or fat; instead we have to use “hěn” (very). Kung pao chicken / Palace guardian chicken cubes

ᆂֱ䲲ϕ ᅿֱ叵ϕ Gōng bǎo jī dīng

Kung pao chicken is tasty. / Kung pao chicken very tasty.

ᆂֱ䲲ϕᕜདৗDŽ ᅿֱ叵ϕᕜདৗDŽ Gōng bǎo jī dīng hěn hǎo chī.

this  



䗭 䖭 zhè

this green tea

䗭‫ן‬㍴㤊 䖭Ͼ㓓㤊 zhè ge lǜ chá

This green tea is tasty.

䗭‫ן‬㍴㤊ᕜདୱDŽ 䖭Ͼ㓓㤊ᕜདୱDŽ Zhè ge lǜ chá hěn hǎo hē.

teacher / old master

㗕᏿ 㗕Ꮬ lǎoshī

old

㗕 㗕 lǎo

My teacher is old.

៥ⱘ㗕᏿ᕜ㗕DŽ ៥ⱘ㗕Ꮬᕜ㗕DŽ Wǒ de lǎoshī hěn lǎo.

22

this teacher

䗭‫ן‬㗕᏿ 䖭Ͼ㗕Ꮬ zhège lǎoshī

This teacher is good.

䗭‫ן‬㗕᏿ᕜདDŽ 䖭Ͼ㗕ᏜᕜདDŽ Zhège lǎoshī hěn hǎo.

beautiful

㕢 㕢 měi

She is beautiful.

ཌྷᕜ㕢DŽ ཌྷᕜ㕢DŽ Tā hěn měi.

that American

䙷‫ן‬㕢೟Ҏ 䙷Ͼ㕢೑Ҏ nà gè Měiguó rén

That American is beautiful.

䙷‫ן‬㕢೟Ҏᕜ㕢DŽ 䙷Ͼ㕢೑Ҏᕜ㕢DŽ Nà gè Měiguó rén hěn měi.

the Great Wall of China / the Great Wall / long fortified wall

䭋ජ 䭓ජ chángchéng

The Great Wall is beautiful.

䭋ජᕜ㕢DŽ 䭓ජᕜ㕢DŽ Chángchéng hěn měi.

fat

㚪 㚪 pàng

I am fat.

៥ᕜ㚪DŽ ៥ᕜ㚪DŽ Wǒ hěn pàng.

That person is fat.

䙷‫ן‬Ҏᕜ㚪DŽ 䙷ϾҎᕜ㚪DŽ Nà gè rén hěn pàng.

23

Would and Could I am

៥ᰃ ៥ᰃ Wǒ shì

I was

៥ᰃ ៥ᰃ Wǒ shì

if

བᵰ བᵰ rúguǒ

If I was / If I were

བᵰ៥ᰃ བᵰ៥ᰃ Rúguǒ wǒ shì

If I were you

བᵰ៥ᰃԴ བᵰ៥ᰃԴ Rúguǒ wǒ shì nǐ

I can / I know how to / I will / I would

៥᳗ ៥Ӯ Wǒ huì

If I were you, I would order kung pao chicken.

བᵰ៥ᰃԴˈ៥᳗咲ᆂֱ䲲ϕDŽ བᵰ៥ᰃԴˈ៥Ӯ⚍ᅿֱ叵ϕDŽ Rúguǒ wǒ shì nǐ, wǒ huì diǎn gōng bǎo jī dīng.

If I were you, I would drink green tea.

བᵰ៥ᰃԴˈ៥᳗ୱ㍴㤊DŽ བᵰ៥ᰃԴˈ៥Ӯୱ㓓㤊DŽ Rúguǒ wǒ shì nǐ, wǒ huì hē lǜ chá.

Singapore

ᮄࡴവ ᮄࡴവ Xīnjiāpō

If I were him, I would go back to Singapore next year.

བᵰ៥ᰃҪˈ៥ᯢᑈ᳗ಲᮄࡴവDŽ བᵰ៥ᰃҪˈ៥ᯢᑈӮಲᮄࡴവDŽ Rúguǒ wǒ shì tā, wǒ míngnián huì huí Xīnjiāpō.

24

䜦৻ 䜦৻

bar

jiǔbā

䙷ᆊ䜦৻ 䙷ᆊ䜦৻

that bar

nà jiā jiǔbā

If I were you, I would go to that bar.

བᵰ៥ᰃԴˈ៥᳗এ䙷ᆊ䜦৻DŽ བᵰ៥ᰃԴˈ៥Ӯএ䙷ᆊ䜦৻DŽ Rúguǒ wǒ shì nǐ, wǒ huì qù nà jiā jiǔbā.

䗭 䖭

this

zhè

䗭ᆊ䜦৻ 䖭ᆊ䜦৻

this bar

zhè jiā jiǔbā

I wouldn’t go to this bar.

៥ϡ᳗এ䗭ᆊ䜦৻DŽ ៥ϡӮএ䖭ᆊ䜦৻DŽ Wǒ bù huì qù zhè jiā jiǔbā.

ସ䜦 ସ䜦

beer

píjiǔ

If I were you, I wouldn’t go to this bar because their beer isn’t tasty.  



བᵰ៥ᰃԴˈ៥ϡ᳗এ䗭ᆊ䜦৻ˈ ಴⚎Ҫ‫ⱘץ‬ସ䜦ϡདୱDŽ བᵰ៥ᰃԴˈ៥ϡӮএ䖭ᆊ䜦৻ˈ ಴ЎҪӀⱘସ䜦ϡདୱDŽ Rúguǒ wǒ shì nǐ, wǒ bù huì qù zhè jiā jiǔbā, yīnwèi tāmen de píjiǔ bù hǎo hē.

I can / I could / I am able to

៥㛑 ៥㛑 Wǒ néng

money

䣶 䪅 qián

25

I have money.

៥᳝䣶DŽ ៥᳝䪅DŽ Wǒ yǒu qián.

I don’t have money.

៥≦᳝䣶DŽ ៥≵᳝䪅DŽ Wǒ méi yǒu qián.

rich / rich person / literally “have money person”   

᳝䣶Ҏ ᳝䪅Ҏ

If I were a rich person, I could buy five cars.

བᵰ៥ᰃ᳝䣶Ҏˈ៥㛑䊋Ѩ䓯䒞DŽ བᵰ៥ᰃ᳝䪅Ҏˈ៥㛑фѨ䕚䔺DŽ

yǒu qián rén

Rúguǒ wǒ shì yǒu qián rén, wǒ néng mǎi wǔ liàng chē.

If I have / If I had / If I’d had

བᵰ៥᳝ བᵰ៥᳝ Rúguǒ wǒ yǒu

Australia

▇໻߽Ѳ ▇໻߽Ѯ Àodàlìyà

If I had money, I could go to Australia next year.

བᵰ៥᳝䣶ˈ៥ᯢᑈ㛑এ▇໻߽ѲDŽ བᵰ៥᳝䪅ˈ៥ᯢᑈ㛑এ▇໻߽ѮDŽ Rúguǒ wǒ yǒu qián, wǒ míngnián néng qù Àodàlìyà.

If I had money, I would go to Australia next year.

བᵰ៥᳝䣶ˈ៥ᯢᑈ᳗এ▇໻߽ѲDŽ བᵰ៥᳝䪅ˈ៥ᯢᑈӮএ▇໻߽ѮDŽ Rúguǒ wǒ yǒu qián, wǒ míngnián huì qù Àodàlìyà.

If he had money, he could go back to Singapore.

བᵰҪ᳝䣶ˈҪ㛑ಲᮄࡴവDŽ བᵰҪ᳝䪅ˈҪ㛑ಲᮄࡴവDŽ Rúguǒ tā yǒu qián, tā néng huí Xīnjiāpō.

26

Not yet I have been to the Great Wall.

៥এ䘢䭋ජDŽ ៥এ䖛䭓ජDŽ Wǒ qùguò chángchéng.

䙘≦᳝ 䖬≵᳝

not yet / yet not have

hái méi yǒu

I haven’t been to the Great Wall yet. / I yet haven’t been to the Great Wall.

៥䙘≦᳝এ䘢䭋ජDŽ ៥䖬≵᳝এ䖛䭓ජDŽ Wǒ hái méi yǒu qùguò chángchéng.

ᬙᆂ ᬙᅿ

the Forbidden City / the Former Palace

gùgōng

៥䙘≦᳝এ䘢ᬙᆂDŽ ៥䖬≵᳝এ䖛ᬙᅿDŽ

I haven’t been to the Forbidden City yet.

Wǒ hái méi yǒu qùguò gùgōng. 2

not yet / yet not (shortened)

䙘≦ 䖬≵ hái méi

I haven’t been to the Forbidden City yet. (shortened)

៥䙘≦এ䘢ᬙᆂDŽ ៥䖬≵এ䖛ᬙᅿDŽ Wǒ hái méi qùguò gùgōng.

Have you been to the Forbidden City? Դএ䘢ᬙᆂ஢˛ Դএ䖛ᬙᅿ৫˛ Nǐ qùguò gùgōng ma?

Yes.

এ䘢DŽ এ䖛DŽ Qùguò.

No.

≦᳝DŽ ≵᳝DŽ Méi yǒu.

2

The shortened “not yet” – hái méi – is more commonly used than the longer hái méi yǒu.

27

Not yet. (shortened)

䙘≦DŽ 䖬≵DŽ Hái méi.

I’ve been to the Great Wall but I haven’t been to the Forbidden City yet.

Why haven’t you been to the Forbidden City yet?

៥এ䘢䭋ජˈԚᰃ៥䙘≦এ䘢ᬙᆂDŽ ៥এ䖛䭓ජˈԚᰃ៥䖬≵এ䖛ᬙᅿDŽ Wǒ qùguò chángchéng, dànshì wǒ hái méi qùguò gùgōng.

Դ⚎Ҕ咐䙘≦এ䘢ᬙᆂ˛ ԴЎҔМ䖬≵এ䖛ᬙᅿ˛ Nǐ wèishénme hái méi qùguò gùgōng?

Because I wouldn’t like to go.

಴⚎៥ϡᛇএDŽ ಴Ў៥ϡᛇএDŽ Yīnwèi wǒ bù xiǎng qù.

NOTE! Take a look at that sentence above. Now, in English, we’re far more likely to say “because I don’t want to…” rather than “because I wouldn’t like to…”. In Chinese, however, both ways of talking are equally commonly used. So, for a sentence like the one above, you can say either “yīnwèi wǒ bù yào qù” (because I don’t want to go) or “yīnwèi wǒ bù xiǎng qù” (because I wouldn’t like to go). The choice is yours and the meaning is essentially identical.

that restaurant

䙷ᆊ令ᓇ 䙷ᆊ令ख़ nà jiā cāntīng

I haven’t been to that restaurant yet because my mum says their  dishes are not tasty.   

៥䙘≦এ䘢䙷ᆊ令ᓇˈ಴⚎៥႑႑䁾 Ҫ‫ⱘץ‬㦰ϡདৗDŽ ៥䖬≵এ䖛䙷ᆊ令ख़ˈ಴Ў៥ཛྷཛྷ䇈 ҪӀⱘ㦰ϡདৗDŽ Wǒ hái méi qùguò nà jiā cāntīng, yīnwèi wǒ māma shuō tāmen de cài bù hào chī.

28

Could have, Would have, Should have Could have can / could / able to

㛑 㛑 néng

‫خ‬ ‫خ‬

to do / to do it

zuò

I could have done it. / I am could do it de.

៥ᰃ㛑‫ⱘخ‬DŽ ៥ᰃ㛑‫ⱘخ‬DŽ Wǒ shì néng zuò de.

䙷ৄ᠟ᦤ䳏㜺 䙷ৄ᠟ᦤ⬉㛥

that laptop

nà tái shǒutí diànnǎo

If I have / If I had / If I’d had

བᵰ៥᳝ བᵰ៥᳝ Rúguǒ wǒ yǒu

If I’d had the money, I could have bought that laptop. / If I’d had the money, I am could buy that laptop de. 

བᵰ៥᳝䣶ˈ៥ᰃ㛑䊋䙷ৄ᠟ᦤ䳏 㜺ⱘDŽ བᵰ៥᳝䪅ˈ៥ᰃ㛑ф䙷ৄ᠟ᦤ⬉ 㛥ⱘDŽ Rúguǒ wǒ yǒu qián, wǒ shì néng mǎi nà tái shǒutí diànnǎo de.

If I’d had tofu, I could have made mapo tofu.   



བᵰ៥᳝䈚㜤ˈ៥ᰃ㛑‫خ‬咏ယ䈚 㜤ⱘDŽ བᵰ៥᳝䈚㜤ˈ៥ᰃ㛑‫خ‬咏ယ䈚 㜤ⱘDŽ Rúguǒ wǒ yǒu dòufu, wǒ shì néng zuò mápó dòufu de.

If I’d had a computer, I could have done it.

བᵰ៥᳝䳏㜺ˈ៥ᰃ㛑‫ⱘخ‬DŽ བᵰ៥᳝⬉㛥ˈ៥ᰃ㛑‫ⱘخ‬DŽ Rúguǒ wǒ yǒu diànnǎo, wǒ shì néng zuò de.

29

If I’d had a car, I could have gone.

བᵰ៥᳝䒞ˈ៥ᰃ㛑এⱘDŽ བᵰ៥᳝䔺ˈ៥ᰃ㛑এⱘDŽ Rúguǒ wǒ yǒu chē, wǒ shì néng qù de.

can / could / allowed to / alright for me to

ৃҹ ৃҹ kěyǐ

I could have gone.

៥ᰃৃҹএⱘDŽ ៥ᰃৃҹএⱘDŽ Wǒ shì kěyǐ qù de.

I could have done it.

៥ᰃৃҹ‫ⱘخ‬DŽ ៥ᰃৃҹ‫ⱘخ‬DŽ Wǒ shì kěyǐ zuò de.

I could have bought that laptop.

៥ᰃৃҹ䊋䙷ৄ᠟ᦤ䳏㜺ⱘDŽ ៥ᰃৃҹф䙷ৄ᠟ᦤ⬉㛥ⱘDŽ Wǒ shì kěyǐ mǎi nà tái shǒutí diànnǎo de.

Would have can / know how to / will / would

᳗ Ӯ huì

I would have done it.

៥ᰃ᳗‫ⱘخ‬DŽ ៥ᰃӮ‫ⱘخ‬DŽ Wǒ shì huì zuò de.

to buy / to buy it

䊋 ф mǎi

I would have bought it.

៥ᰃ᳗䊋ⱘDŽ ៥ᰃӮфⱘDŽ Wǒ shì huì mǎi de.

If I’d had a computer, I would have done it.

བᵰ៥᳝䳏㜺ˈ៥ᰃ᳗‫ⱘخ‬DŽ བᵰ៥᳝⬉㛥ˈ៥ᰃӮ‫ⱘخ‬DŽ Rúguǒ wǒ yǒu diànnǎo, wǒ shì huì zuò de.

30

If I’d had a car, I would have gone.

བᵰ៥᳝䒞ˈ៥ᰃ᳗এⱘDŽ བᵰ៥᳝䔺ˈ៥ᰃӮএⱘDŽ Rúguǒ wǒ yǒu chē, wǒ shì huì qù de.

If I’d had money yesterday, I would have bought it.

བᵰ៥᯼໽᳝䣶ˈ៥ᰃ᳗䊋ⱘDŽ བᵰ៥᯼໽᳝䪅ˈ៥ᰃӮфⱘDŽ Rúguǒ wǒ zuótiān yǒu qián, wǒ shì huì mǎi de.

Should have ឝ䁆 ᑨ䆹

should

yīnggāi

I should have done it. / I am should do it de.

៥ᰃឝ䁆‫ⱘخ‬DŽ ៥ᰃᑨ䆹‫ⱘخ‬DŽ Wǒ shì yīnggāi zuò de.

I should have gone to the Great Wall.

៥ᰃឝ䁆এ䭋ජⱘDŽ ៥ᰃᑨ䆹এ䭓ජⱘDŽ Wǒ shì yīnggāi qù chángchéng de.

I should have gone to the Great Wall ៥ᰃឝ䁆Ҟ໽এ䭋ජⱘDŽ today. / I should today have gone to ៥ᰃᑨ䆹Ҟ໽এ䭓ජⱘDŽ the Great Wall. Wǒ shì yīnggāi jīntiān qù chángchéng de.

I should have ordered kung pao chicken.

៥ᰃឝ䁆咲ᆂֱ䲲ϕⱘDŽ ៥ᰃᑨ䆹⚍ᅿֱ叵ϕⱘDŽ Wǒ shì yīnggāi diǎn gōng bǎo jī dīng de.

If you had a car, you should have gone.

བᵰԴ᳝䒞ˈԴᰃឝ䁆এⱘDŽ བᵰԴ᳝䔺ˈԴᰃᑨ䆹এⱘDŽ Rúguǒ nǐ yǒu chē, nǐ shì yīnggāi qù de.

If you had the money, you should have bought that laptop.  



བᵰԴ᳝䣶ˈԴᰃឝ䁆䊋䙷ৄ᠟ᦤ䳏 㜺ⱘDŽ བᵰԴ᳝䪅ˈԴᰃᑨ䆹ф䙷ৄ᠟ᦤ⬉ 㛥ⱘDŽ Rúguǒ nǐ yǒu qián, nǐ shì yīnggāi mǎi nà tái shǒutí diànnǎo de.

31

The detective “tense” NOTE! As you may remember from the audio part of the course, the detective “tense” can be used for talking about where, when and with whom something took place. So, just like a detective, you can use it to obtain (or give) specific details about something that happened in the past. So, whenever you want to talk about when you made lunch, where you bought your car, who you went to China with, you’ll use the detective “tense”.

lunch

ज令 ज令 wǔcān

You made lunch.

Դ‫خ‬њज令DŽ Դ‫خ‬њज令DŽ Nǐ zuò le wǔcān.

When did you make lunch?

ԴᰃҔ咐ᰖ‫خ׭‬ज令ⱘ˛ ԴᰃҔМᯊ‫خ׭‬ज令ⱘ˛ Nǐ shì shénme shíhòu zuò wǔcān de?

NOTE! So, as you can see, to say simply “You made lunch” you’ll say “Nǐ zuò le wǔcān”. You cannot use the detective tense to say this because you’re not talking about when the lunch was made or where it was made or with whom. There are no such details to emphasise so it would be incorrect – and highly confusing for a Chinese listener – if you said “Nǐ shì zuò wǔcān de”. No, no, no – that would be wrong, wrong, wrong! However, the moment you start asking when the lunch was made, then you are behaving like a detective and so you can use the shi … de construction, the detective “tense”, just as we did in the sentence above. Let’s try doing more of the same below!

I made lunch at 12 o’clock.

៥ᰃकѠ咲ⱘᰖ‫خ׭‬ज令ⱘDŽ ៥ᰃकѠ⚍ⱘᯊ‫خ׭‬ज令ⱘDŽ Wǒ shì shíʼèr diǎn de shíhòu zuò wǔcān de.

When did you go back to Canada? / When did you return to Canada?

ԴᰃҔ咐ᰖ‫׭‬ಲࡴᣓ໻ⱘ˛ ԴᰃҔМᯊ‫׭‬ಲࡴᣓ໻ⱘ˛ Nǐ shì shénme shíhòu huí Jiānádà de?

32

I went back to Canada yesterday. / I returned to Canada yesterday.

៥ᰃ᯼໽ಲࡴᣓ໻ⱘDŽ ៥ᰃ᯼໽ಲࡴᣓ໻ⱘDŽ Wǒ shì zuótiān huí Jiānádà de.

Taiwan

ৄ☷ ৄ⑒ Táiwān

When did you go to Taiwan?

ԴᰃҔ咐ᰖ‫׭‬এৄ☷ⱘ˛ ԴᰃҔМᯊ‫׭‬এৄ⑒ⱘ˛ Nǐ shì shénme shíhòu qù Táiwān de?

I went to Taiwan last year.

៥ᰃএᑈএৄ☷ⱘDŽ ៥ᰃএᑈএৄ⑒ⱘDŽ Wǒ shì qùnián qù Táiwān de.

that car

䙷䓯䒞 䙷䕚䔺 nà liàng chē

When did you buy that car?

ԴᰃҔ咐ᰖ‫׭‬䊋䙷䓯䒞ⱘ˛ ԴᰃҔМᯊ‫׭‬ф䙷䕚䔺ⱘ˛ Nǐ shì shénme shíhòu mǎi nà liàng chē de?

I bought it yesterday. / I am yesterday buy it de.

៥ᰃ᯼໽䊋ⱘDŽ ៥ᰃ᯼໽фⱘDŽ Wǒ shì zuótiān mǎi de.

When did you eat breakfast?

ԴᰃҔ咐ᰖ‫׭‬ৗᮽ令ⱘ˛ ԴᰃҔМᯊ‫׭‬ৗᮽ令ⱘ˛ Nǐ shì shénme shíhòu chī zǎocān de?

I ate breakfast at 8 o’clock.

៥ᰃܿ咲ⱘᰖ‫׭‬ৗᮽ令ⱘDŽ ៥ᰃܿ⚍ⱘᯊ‫׭‬ৗᮽ令ⱘDŽ Wǒ shì bā diǎn de shíhòu chī zǎocān de.

Where?

ા㺵˛ ા䞠˛ Nǎlǐ?

33

೼ા㺵˛ ೼ા䞠˛

Located where?

Zài nǎlǐ?

to eat / to eat it  



ৗ ৗ chī

Where did you eat? / You are located where eat it de?

Դᰃ೼ા㺵ৗⱘ˛ Դᰃ೼ા䞠ৗⱘ˛ Nǐ shì zài nǎlǐ chī de?

Where did you eat Peking duck?

Դᰃ೼ા㺵ৗ࣫Ҁ⚸勼ⱘ˛ Դᰃ೼ા䞠ৗ࣫Ҁ⚸吁ⱘ˛ Nǐ shì zài nǎlǐ chī Běijīng kǎoyā de?

I ate it in that restaurant.

៥ᰃ೼䙷ᆊ令ᓇৗⱘDŽ ៥ᰃ೼䙷ᆊ令ख़ৗⱘDŽ Wǒ shì zài nà jiā cāntīng chī de.

Where did you buy that car?

Դᰃ೼ા㺵䊋䙷䓯䒞ⱘ˛ Դᰃ೼ા䞠ф䙷䕚䔺ⱘ˛ Nǐ shì zài nǎlǐ mǎi nà liàng chē de?

that shop / that store

䙷ᆊଚᑫ 䙷ᆊଚᑫ nà jiā shāngdiàn

located in that shop / located in that store

೼䙷ᆊଚᑫ ೼䙷ᆊଚᑫ zài nà jiā shāngdiàn

I bought it in that shop. / I am in that shop buy it de.

៥೼䙷ᆊଚᑫ䊋ⱘDŽ ៥೼䙷ᆊଚᑫфⱘDŽ Wǒ zài nà jiā shāngdiàn mǎi de.

that laptop

䙷ৄ᠟ᦤ䳏㜺 䙷ৄ᠟ᦤ⬉㛥 nà tái shǒutí diànnǎo

Where did you use that laptop?

Դᰃ೼ા㺵⫼䙷ৄ᠟ᦤ䳏㜺ⱘ˛ Դᰃ೼ા䞠⫼䙷ৄ᠟ᦤ⬉㛥ⱘ˛ Nǐ shì zài nǎlǐ yòng nà tái shǒutí diànnǎo de?

34

䙷‫ן‬ସ䜦 䙷Ͼସ䜦

that beer

nà gè píjiǔ

Where did you buy that beer?

Դᰃ೼ા㺵䊋䙷‫ן‬ସ䜦ⱘ˛ Դᰃ೼ા䞠ф䙷Ͼସ䜦ⱘ˛ Nǐ shì zài nǎlǐ mǎi nà gè píjiǔ de?

I bought it in that bar.

៥ᰃ೼䙷ᆊ䜦৻䊋ⱘDŽ ៥ᰃ೼䙷ᆊ䜦৻фⱘDŽ Wǒ shì zài nà jiā jiǔbā mǎi de.

I  



៥ ៥ wǒ

៥ ៥

me

wǒ

䎳៥ 䎳៥

with me

gēn wǒ

Ҫ Ҫ

he

tā

Ҫ Ҫ

him

tā

䎳Ҫ 䎳Ҫ

with him

gēn tā

៥ᰃ䎳ҪএⱘDŽ ៥ᰃ䎳ҪএⱘDŽ

I went with him.

Wǒ shì gēn tā qù de.

I went with her.  



៥ᰃ䎳ཌྷএⱘDŽ ៥ᰃ䎳ཌྷএⱘDŽ Wǒ shì gēn tā qù de.

35

Who did you go with? / You are with whom go de?

Դᰃ䎳䂄এⱘ˛ Դᰃ䎳䇕এⱘ˛ Nǐ shì gēn shéi qù de?

Who did you eat lunch with?

Դᰃ䎳䂄ৗज令ⱘ˛ Դᰃ䎳䇕ৗज令ⱘ˛ Nǐ shì gēn shéi chī wǔcān de?

to use / to use it

⫼ ⫼ yòng

When did you use it?

ԴᰃҔ咐ᰖ‫˛ⱘ⫼׭‬ ԴᰃҔМᯊ‫˛ⱘ⫼׭‬ Nǐ shì shénme shíhòu yòng de?

Where did you use it?

Դᰃ೼ા㺵⫼ⱘ˛ Դᰃ೼ા䞠⫼ⱘ˛ Nǐ shì zài nǎlǐ yòng de?

Who did you use it with?   

Դᰃ䎳䂄⫼ⱘ˛ Դᰃ䎳䇕⫼ⱘ˛ Nǐ shì gēn shéi yòng de?

The future – using “hui” I can / I know how to / I will / I would

៥᳗ ៥Ӯ Wǒ huì

I’ll go to that restaurant.

៥᳗এ䙷ᆊ令ᓇDŽ ៥Ӯএ䙷ᆊ令ख़DŽ Wǒ huì qù nà jiā cāntīng.

I’ll order mapo tofu.

៥᳗咲咏ယ䈚㜤DŽ ៥Ӯ⚍咏ယ䈚㜤DŽ Wǒ huì diǎn mápó dòufu.

at 6 o’clock

݁咲ⱘᰖ‫׭‬ ݁⚍ⱘᯊ‫׭‬ liù diǎn de shíhòu

36

At 6 o’clock, I’ll go home.

݁咲ⱘᰖ‫ˈ׭‬៥᳗ಲᆊDŽ ݁⚍ⱘᯊ‫ˈ׭‬៥ӮಲᆊDŽ Liù diǎn de shíhòu, wǒ huì huí jiā.

At 7 o’clock, I’ll make dinner.

ϗ咲ⱘᰖ‫ˈ׭‬៥᳗‫خ‬ᰮ令DŽ ϗ⚍ⱘᯊ‫ˈ׭‬៥Ӯ‫خ‬ᰮ令DŽ Qī diǎn de shíhòu, wǒ huì zuò wǎncān.

afternoon

ϟज ϟज xiàwǔ

this afternoon

Ҟ໽ϟज Ҟ໽ϟज jīntiān xiàwǔ

This afternoon, I’ll make steamed buns.

Ҟ໽ϟज៥᳗‫ࣙخ‬ᄤDŽ Ҟ໽ϟज៥Ӯ‫ࣙخ‬ᄤDŽ Jīntiān xiàwǔ wǒ huì zuò bāozi.

This afternoon, I won’t make steamed buns.

Ҟ໽ϟज៥ϡ᳗‫ࣙخ‬ᄤDŽ Ҟ໽ϟज៥ϡӮ‫ࣙخ‬ᄤDŽ Jīntiān xiàwǔ wǒ bù huì zuò bāozi.

I’ll buy a new laptop this afternoon.

៥Ҟ໽ϟज᳗䊋ᮄⱘ᠟ᦤ䳏㜺DŽ ៥Ҟ໽ϟजӮфᮄⱘ᠟ᦤ⬉㛥DŽ Wǒ jīntiān xiàwǔ huì mǎi xīn de shǒutí diànnǎo.

later / pass a while

䘢ϔ᳗‫ܦ‬ 䖛ϔӮ‫ܓ‬ guò yīhuìr

to come

՚ ᴹ lái

to come back

ಲ՚ ಲᴹ huí lái

I’ll come back later.

៥䘢ϔ᳗‫ܦ‬᳗ಲ՚DŽ ៥䖛ϔӮ‫ܓ‬ӮಲᴹDŽ Wǒ guò yīhuìr huì huí lái. 37

I can come back later.

៥ৃҹ䘢ϔ᳗‫ܦ‬ಲ՚DŽ ៥ৃҹ䖛ϔӮ‫ܓ‬ಲᴹDŽ Wǒ kěyǐ guò yīhuìr huí lái.

You should come back later.

Դឝ䁆䘢ϔ᳗‫ܦ‬ಲ՚DŽ Դᑨ䆹䖛ϔӮ‫ܓ‬ಲᴹDŽ Nǐ yīnggāi guò yīhuìr huí lái.

I’ll eat lunch later.

៥䘢ϔ᳗‫ܦ‬᳗ৗज令DŽ ៥䖛ϔӮ‫ܓ‬Ӯৗज令DŽ Wǒ guò yīhuìr huì chī wǔcān.

When will you go to China?

ԴҔ咐ᰖ‫׭‬᳗এЁ೟˛ ԴҔМᯊ‫׭‬ӮএЁ೑˛ Nǐ shénme shíhòu huì qù Zhōngguó?

When will we make lunch?

៥‫ץ‬᳗Ҕ咐ᰖ‫خ׭‬ज令˛ ៥ӀӮҔМᯊ‫خ׭‬ज令˛ Wǒmen huì shénme shíhòu zuò 3 wǔcān?

Want-not-want type constructions4 Do you want to go? (MTOP)5

Դ‫ץ‬㽕ϡ㽕এ˛ ԴӀ㽕ϡ㽕এ˛ Nǐmen yào bù yào qù?

You should (MTOP)

Դ‫ץ‬ឝ䁆 ԴӀᑨ䆹 Nǐmen yīnggāi

Should you? / You should not should? (MTOP)

Դ‫ץ‬ឝϡឝ䁆˛ ԴӀᑨϡᑨ䆹˛ Nǐmen yīng bù yīnggāi?

3

Notice how in the two sentences “When will you go to China?” and “When will we make lunch?” the position of the part meaning “when” (“shénme shíhòu”) changes. This is because, in Chinese, the “when” can go either before the “will” or after it. So for both these sentences you could put the shénme shíhòu either before the huì or after it, it’s entirely up to you! 4 Unless followed with a “ma” all questions in this section use a “want-not-want” type of construction. 5 Whenever you see “MTOP”, this lets you know that you need to use the Chinese word for “you” that you use when you’re talking to More Than One Person. So, if you see “MTOP” use “nǐmen”.

38

Should you go? (MTOP)

Դ‫ץ‬ឝϡឝ䁆এ˛ ԴӀᑨϡᑨ䆹এ˛ Nǐmen yīng bù yīnggāi qù?

Should we come?

៥‫ץ‬ឝϡឝ䁆՚˛ ៥Ӏᑨϡᑨ䆹ᴹ˛ Wǒmen yīng bù yīnggāi lái?

Do we need to come?

៥‫ץ‬䳔ϡ䳔㽕՚˛ ៥Ӏ䳔ϡ䳔㽕ᴹ˛ Wǒmen xū bù xūyào lái?

They would like to come.

Ҫ‫ץ‬ᛇ՚DŽ ҪӀᛇᴹDŽ Tāmen xiǎng lái.

Would they like to come? (ma)

Ҫ‫ץ‬ᛇ՚஢˛ ҪӀᛇᴹ৫˛ Tāmen xiǎng lái ma?

Would they like to come?

Ҫ‫ץ‬ᛇϡᛇ՚˛ ҪӀᛇϡᛇᴹ˛ Tāmen xiǎng bù xiǎng lái?

Would they like to come tomorrow afternoon?

Ҫ‫ץ‬ᯢ໽ϟजᛇϡᛇ՚˛ ҪӀᯢ໽ϟजᛇϡᛇᴹ˛ Tāmen míngtiān xiàwǔ xiǎng bù xiǎng lái?

Do they want to come tomorrow afternoon?

Ҫ‫ץ‬ᯢ໽ϟज㽕ϡ㽕՚˛ ҪӀᯢ໽ϟज㽕ϡ㽕ᴹ˛ Tāmen míngtiān xiàwǔ yào bù yào lái?

Can they come / Are they able to come tomorrow afternoon?

Ҫ‫ץ‬ᯢ໽ϟज㛑ϡ㛑՚˛ ҪӀᯢ໽ϟज㛑ϡ㛑ᴹ˛ Tāmen míngtiān xiàwǔ néng bù néng lái?

Can they come / Are they allowed to come tomorrow afternoon?

Ҫ‫ץ‬ᯢ໽ϟजৃϡৃҹ՚˛ ҪӀᯢ໽ϟजৃϡৃҹᴹ˛ Tāmen míngtiān xiàwǔ kě bù kěyǐ lái?

Do they need to come tomorrow afternoon?

Ҫ‫ץ‬ᯢ໽ϟज䳔ϡ䳔㽕՚˛ ҪӀᯢ໽ϟज䳔ϡ䳔㽕ᴹ˛ Tāmen míngtiān xiàwǔ xū bù xūyào lái? 39

Should they come tomorrow afternoon?

Ҫ‫ץ‬ᯢ໽ϟजឝϡឝ䁆՚˛ ҪӀᯢ໽ϟजᑨϡᑨ䆹ᴹ˛ Tāmen míngtiān xiàwǔ yīng bù yīnggāi lái?

next year

ᯢᑈ ᯢᑈ míngnián

Next year, you will come.

ᯢᑈˈԴ᳗՚DŽ ᯢᑈˈԴӮᴹDŽ Míngnián, nǐ huì lái.

Next year, will you come to China? (ma) ᯢᑈˈԴ᳗՚Ё೟஢˛ ᯢᑈˈԴӮᴹЁ೑৫˛ Míngnián, nǐ huì lái Zhōngguó ma?

Next year, will you come to China?

ᯢᑈˈԴ᳗ϡ᳗՚Ё೟˛ ᯢᑈˈԴӮϡӮᴹЁ೑˛ Míngnián, nǐ huì bù huì lái Zhōngguó?

Next year, will you go to Australia?

ᯢᑈˈԴ᳗ϡ᳗এ▇໻߽Ѳ˛ ᯢᑈˈԴӮϡӮএ▇໻߽Ѯ˛ Míngnián, nǐ huì bù huì qù Àodàlìyà?

Australian

▇໻߽ѲҎ ▇໻߽ѮҎ Àodàlìyà rén

Is she Australian?

ཌྷᰃϡᰃ▇໻߽ѲҎ˛ ཌྷᰃϡᰃ▇໻߽ѮҎ˛ Tā shì bù shì Àodàlìyà rén?

Singaporean

ᮄࡴവҎ ᮄࡴവҎ Xīnjiāpō rén

Is she Singaporean?

ཌྷᰃϡᰃᮄࡴവҎ˛ ཌྷᰃϡᰃᮄࡴവҎ˛ Tā shì bù shì Xīnjiāpō rén?

Taiwanese

ৄ☷Ҏ ৄ⑒Ҏ Táiwān rén

40

Is she Taiwanese?

ཌྷᰃϡᰃৄ☷Ҏ˛ ཌྷᰃϡᰃৄ⑒Ҏ˛ Tā shì bù shì Táiwān rén?

She is not Taiwanese. She is Singaporean.

ཌྷϡᰃৄ☷ҎˈཌྷᰃᮄࡴവҎDŽ ཌྷϡᰃৄ⑒ҎˈཌྷᰃᮄࡴവҎDŽ Tā bù shì Táiwān rén. Tā shì Xīnjiāpō rén.

Is Paul an English teacher?

3DXOᰃϡᰃϔ‫ן‬㣅᭛㗕᏿˛ 3DXOᰃϡᰃϔϾ㣅᭛㗕Ꮬ˛ Paul shì bù shì yī gè Yīngwén lǎoshī?

Yes.

ᰃDŽ ᰃDŽ Shì.

No.

ϡᰃDŽ ϡᰃDŽ Bù shì.

No, he is a tourist.

ϡᰃˈҪᰃϔ‫ן‬䘞ᅶDŽ ϡᰃˈҪᰃϔϾ␌ᅶDŽ Bù shì, tā shì yī gè yóukè.

A change of situation NOTE! In the first Paul Noble Mandarin Chinese course, you learnt that “le” / “њ” is sometimes used in Chinese when people talk about things that happened in the past. For instance:

I go

៥এ ៥এ Wǒ qù

I went

៥এњ ៥এњ Wǒ qùle

41

I went to China.

៥এњЁ೟DŽ ៥এњЁ೑DŽ Wǒ qùle Zhōngguó.

Last year, I went to China.

এᑈ៥এњЁ೟DŽ এᑈ៥এњЁ೑DŽ Qùnián wǒ qùle Zhōngguó.

I eat

៥ৗ ៥ৗ Wǒ chī

I ate

៥ৗњ ៥ৗњ Wǒ chīle

Yesterday, I ate sweet and sour pork.

᯼໽ˈ៥ৗњ੩౩㙝DŽ ᯼໽ˈ៥ৗњ੩ర㙝DŽ Zuótiān, wǒ chīle gūlū ròu.

NOTE! But this is only one of the ways in which “le” / “њ” is used in Chinese. As you will hopefully recall from the audio part of your Next Steps course, it is also used to show how a situation has changed. Just take a look at the two sentences below to remind yourself of how this works:

My parents are old. / My parents very old.

៥⠌႑ᕜ㗕DŽ ៥⠌ཛྷᕜ㗕DŽ Wǒ bàmā hěn lǎo.

My parents have gotten old. / My parents old le.

៥⠌႑㗕њDŽ ៥⠌ཛྷ㗕њDŽ Wǒ bàmā lǎo le.

NOTE! So, when “le” is used with describing words such as “old”, “big”, “good” and so on, it doesn’t mean you’re talking about the past, instead it shows you that something has changed, that the situation is somehow different from how it was before. When you use it in this way, you put the “le” at the end of the sentence. Let’s look at some more examples below!

42

He is fat.

Ҫᕜ㚪DŽ Ҫᕜ㚪DŽ Tā hěn pàng.

He’s gotten fat. / He’s become fat.

Ҫ㚪њDŽ Ҫ㚪њDŽ Tā pàng le.

big

໻ ໻ dà

He’s gotten big. / He’s grown up.

Ҫ໻њDŽ Ҫ໻њDŽ Tā dà le.

Why should I go?

៥⚎Ҕ咐ឝ䁆এ˛ ៥ЎҔМᑨ䆹এ˛ Wǒ wèishénme yīnggāi qù?

Because you’ve grown up.

಴⚎Դ໻њDŽ ಴ЎԴ໻њDŽ Yīnwèi nǐ dà le.

NOTE! So, whenever you use “le” / “њ” with describing words, it is not to talk about the past but rather to show that the situation is somehow different from how it was before, that times have changed. And, actually, it’s not only with describing words that this can be done. Take a look at the two sentences below:

I can speak Chinese.

៥᳗䁾Ё᭛DŽ ៥Ӯ䇈Ё᭛DŽ Wǒ huì shuō Zhōngwén.

I can speak Chinese now.

៥᳗䁾Ё᭛њDŽ ៥Ӯ䇈Ё᭛њDŽ Wǒ huì shuō Zhōngwén le.

43

NOTE! So, as you can see, you can also put “le” at the end of a sentence even when there isn’t a describing word, as a way to show that the situation is somehow different from how it was before. So, whereas saying “wǒ huì shuō Zhōngwén” simply tells someone that you can speak Chinese, adding a “le” onto the end of that emphasises the fact that you didn’t use to be able to speak Chinese but now you can – in English we typically add the word “now” at the end of a sentence to communicate this idea. Take a look at some more examples of this type of sentence below:

You can drive.

Դ᳗䭟䒞DŽ ԴӮᓔ䔺DŽ Nǐ huì kāichē.

You can drive now.

Դ᳗䭟䒞њDŽ ԴӮᓔ䔺њDŽ Nǐ huì kāichē le.

I have money.

៥᳝䣶DŽ ៥᳝䪅DŽ Wǒ yǒu qián.

I have money now.

៥᳝䣶њDŽ ៥᳝䪅њDŽ Wǒ yǒu qián le.

I’m a teacher.

៥ᰃϔ‫ן‬㗕᏿DŽ ៥ᰃϔϾ㗕ᏜDŽ Wǒ shì yī gè lǎoshī.

I’ve become a teacher. / I’m a teacher now.

៥ᰃϔ‫ן‬㗕᏿њDŽ ៥ᰃϔϾ㗕ᏜњDŽ Wǒ shì yī gè lǎoshī le.

I can make lunch. / I’m able to make lunch.

៥㛑‫خ‬ज令DŽ ៥㛑‫خ‬ज令DŽ Wǒ néng zuò wǔcān.

I’m able to make lunch now. (By which you would be implying: I wasn’t able to make lunch earlier – for whatever reason – but now I can).

44

៥㛑‫خ‬ज令њDŽ ៥㛑‫خ‬ज令њDŽ Wǒ néng zuò wǔcān le.

NOTE! So, whereas in English we would typically use the word “now” to show that things are not how they were before, Chinese speakers will instead add “le” to the end of the sentence to achieve the same sort of meaning.

45

Tone review Cluster 1 Person

Ҏ

Ҏ

Rén

Middle

Ё

Ё

Zhōng

Country / Kingdom

೟

೑

Guó

China / Middle country / Middle kingdom

Ё೟

Ё೑

Zhōngguó

Chinese / China person / Middle country person / Middle kingdom person

Ё೟Ҏ

Ё೑Ҏ

Zhōngguó rén

Brave

㣅

㣅

Yīng

Great Britain / Brave country

㣅೟

㣅೑

Yīngguó

British / Brave country person

㣅೟Ҏ

㣅೑Ҏ

Yīngguó rén

Beautiful

㕢

㕢

Měi

America / Beautiful country

㕢೟

㕢೑

Měiguó

American / Beautiful country person

㕢೟Ҏ

㕢೑Ҏ

Měiguó rén

Cluster 2

Cluster 3

46

Cluster 4 Money

䣶

䪅

Qián

Have

᳝

᳝

Yǒu

Rich / Have money person

᳝䣶Ҏ

᳝䪅Ҏ

Yǒu qián rén

Former

ᬙ

ᬙ

Gù

Palace

ᆂ

ᅿ

Gōng

The Forbidden City / The former palace

ᬙᆂ

ᬙᅿ

Gùgōng

Guardian

ֱ

ֱ

Bǎo

Chicken

䲲

叵

Jī

Cubes

ϕ

ϕ

Dīng

ᅿֱ叵ϕ

Gōng bǎo jī dīng

Cluster 5

Cluster 6

Kungpao chicken / ᆂֱ䲲ϕ Palace guardian chicken cubes

Cluster 7 Long

䭋

䭓

Cháng

Fortified wall

ජ

ජ

Chéng

The Great Wall / Long Fortified Wall

䭋ජ

䭓ජ

Chángchéng

47

Cluster 8 After / next

ϟ

ϟ

Xià

Noon

ज

ज

Wǔ

Afternoon

ϟज

ϟज

Xiàwǔ

Meal

令

令

Cān

Lunch

ज令

ज令

Wǔcān

What?

Ҕ咐

ҔМ

Shénme?

Because / Reason for

಴⚎

಴Ў

Yīnwèi

Why? / For what?

⚎Ҕ咐

ЎҔМ

Wèishénme?

Time

ᰖ‫׭‬

ᯊ‫׭‬

Shíhòu

When? / What time?

Ҕ咐ᰖ‫׭‬

ҔМᯊ‫׭‬

Shénme shíhòu?

To order / To point / Dot

咲

⚍

Diǎn

Ten

क

क

Shí

Ten o’clock

क咲

क⚍

Shí diǎn

De

ⱘ

ⱘ

De

At ten o’clock / Ten dot’s time

क咲ⱘᰖ‫׭‬

क⚍ⱘᯊ‫׭‬

Shí diǎn de shíhòu

Cluster 9

Cluster 10

48

Cluster 11 Shop / Store / Trading shop / Trading store

ଚᑫ

ଚᑫ

Shāngdiàn

Bread

咉ࣙ

䴶ࣙ

Miànbāo

Bakery / Bread shop / Bread store

咉ࣙᑫ

䴶ࣙᑫ

Miànbāo diàn

Coffee

੪ଵ

੪ଵ

Kāfēi

Cafe / Coffee shop

੪ଵᑫ

੪ଵᑫ

Kāfēi diàn

Alcohol

䜦

䜦

Jiǔ

Hotel / Alcohol shop

䜦ᑫ

䜦ᑫ

Jiǔdiàn

Bar / Alcohol bar

䜦৻

䜦৻

Jiǔbā

Beer

ସ䜦

ସ䜦

Píjiǔ

Good

ད

ད

Hǎo

To eat

ৗ

ৗ

Chī

Tasty (for food)

དৗ

དৗ

Hǎo chī

To drink

ୱ

ୱ

Hē

Tasty (for drink)

དୱ

དୱ

Hǎo hē

Cluster 12

Cluster 13

49

Cluster 14 Home / Family / Family unit

ᆊ

ᆊ

Jiā

To go

এ

এ

Qù

To return

ಲ

ಲ

Huí

To go back / To return go

ಲএ

ಲএ

Huíqù

To go home / To return home

ಲᆊ

ಲᆊ

Huí jiā

Which

ા

ા

Nǎ

Inside

㺵

䞠

lǐ

Where? / Which inside?

ા㺵

ા䞠

Nǎlǐ

Green

㍴

㓓

Lǜ

Tea

㤊

㤊

Chá

Green tea

㍴㤊

㓓㤊

Lǜchá

Old

㗕

㗕

Lǎo

Master

᏿

Ꮬ

Shī

Teacher / Old master

㗕᏿

㗕Ꮬ

Lǎoshī

Fat

㚪

㚪

Pàng

Tourist

䘞ᅶ

␌ᅶ

Yóukè

Cluster 15

Cluster 16

Cluster 17

50

Cluster 18 Taiwan

㟎☷

ৄ⑒

Táiwān

Taiwanese/ Taiwan person

㟎☷Ҏ

ৄ⑒Ҏ

Táiwān rén

Singapore

ᮄࡴവ

ᮄࡴവ

Xīnjiāpō

Singaporean/ Singapore person

ᮄࡴവҎ

ᮄࡴവҎ

Xīnjiāpō rén

Canada

ࡴᣓ໻

ࡴᣓ໻

Jiānádà

Canadian/ Canada person

ࡴᣓ໻Ҏ

ࡴᣓ໻Ҏ

Jiānádà rén

Australia

▇໻߽Ѳ

▇໻߽Ѯ

Àodàlìyà

Australian/ Australia person

▇໻߽ѲҎ

▇໻߽ѮҎ

Àodàlìyà rén

One

ϔ

ϔ

Yī

Two

Ѡ

Ѡ

Èr

Three

ϝ

ϝ

Sān

Four

ಯ

ಯ

Sì

Five

Ѩ

Ѩ

Wǔ

Six

݁

݁

Liù

Seven

ϗ

ϗ

Qī

Eight

ܿ

ܿ

Bā

Nine

б

б

Jiǔ

Ten

क

क

Shí

Cluster 19

51

Cluster 20 This

䗭

䖭

Zhè

That

䙷

䙷

Nà

With

䎳

䎳

Gēn

Yet

䙘

䖬

Hái

Not yet

䙘≦

䖬≵

Hái méi

If

བᵰ

བᵰ

Rúguǒ

Who?

䂄

䇕

Shéi

Should

ឝ䁆

ᑨ䆹

Yīnggāi

Need

䳔㽕

䳔㽕

Xūyào

To come

՚

ᴹ

Lái

Am / Is / Are

ᰃ

ᰃ

Shì

To pass

䘢

䖛

Guò

A while

ϔ᳗‫ܦ‬

ϔӮ‫ܓ‬

Yīhuìr

Later / To pass a while

䘢ϔ᳗‫ܦ‬

䖛ϔӮ‫ܓ‬

Guò yīhuìr

Dad

⠌⠌

⠌⠌

Bàba

Mum / Mom

႑႑

ཛྷཛྷ

Māma

Parents

⠌႑

⠌ཛྷ

Bàmā

Cluster 21

Cluster 22

Cluster 23

52

Audio track listing 1

Welcome

2

Shop / store

3

Bakery

4

Home / family / family run unit

5

That

6

Tasty (for food)

7

Because

8

Tasty (for drinks)

9

Should

10

Kung Pao Chicken

11

Practice with “should”

12

Reviewing using “le” in the past

13

Alcohol

14

Practising “…is tasty”

15

A little practice

16

Need

17

Hotel

18

My parents need to go to their hotel

19

Some practice and review

20

Where to put time / date in a sentence

21

To go back – when huí qù becomes huí

22

To go home

23

Where to put time / date in a sentence

53

24

Mum’s / Dad’s

25

At one o’clock / One o’clock’s time

26

Using the time in sentences 1

27

Numbers (1-12)

28

“Two” vs “A couple”

29

Using the time in sentences 2

30

Using the present to talk the future

31

Using the present to express the future

32

Using “yào” to express the future

33

Using “huì” to express the future

34

Three ways to talk about the future

35

Two presents, three futures

36

Some practice and review

37

Some practice and review

38

Some practice and review

39

Am / Is / Are

40

British / American

41

I’m Kai-Di. I’m Taiwanese

42

I’m a teacher

43

Are you a tourist?

44

A quick review

45

Money

46

If I had…

47

Would

54

48

If I had money, I’d go to Singapore.

49

If I were you, I wouldn’t go to Singapore.

50

Practice with “if…”

51

Some practice

52

Some more practice

53

Still a bit more practice

54

And yet a bit more practice

55

Could

56

Eat, ate, eaten before

57

Some practice and review

58

Some practice and review

59

Some practice and review

60

Some practice and review

61

Should have, could have, would have

62

Would have

63

Could have

64

Should have

65

Reviewing the past and present

66

Reviewing the future

67

Reviewing should have, could have & would have

68

When?

69

The Forbidden City

70

Not yet

71

Practising should have, could have, would have

55

72

Using “shì … de” in the past with “when”

73

Using “shì … de” in the past with “where”

74

“Le” vs. “shì … de”

75

Using “shì … de” with dates and locations

76

Using “shì … de” with dates and locations

77

Some practice and review

78

Australian / Canadian

79

WNW: Can-not-can / need-not-need

80

WNW: Should-not-should

81

WNW: Would like-not-would like

82

WNW: Is-not-is

83

WNW: Will-not-will

84

Practising “shì … de” for the past

85

“Le” vs. “shì … de”

86

“Le” vs. “shì … de”

87

Practising “shì … de” for the past

88

Practising “shì … de” for the past

89

Practising “shì … de” for the past

90

Using “shì … de” in the past with “who”

91

Practising “shì … de” for the past

92

“Le” vs. “shì … de” practice

93

When to use shì for “am”, “is” and “are”

94

Using “hěn” with describing words instead of “shì”

95

Some practice and review

56

96

Some practice and review

97

Some practice and review

98

Some practice and review

99

Some practice and review

100

Some practice and review

101

Some practice and review

102

Some practice and review

103

Some practice and review

104

Some practice and review

105

Some practice and review

106

Some practice and review

107

Some practice and review

108

Change of situation “le”

109

Later

110

Practising change of situation “le”

111

Some practice and review

112

Hěn vs. le vs. shì

113

Some practice and review

114

Main course finish

115

Course Review: Should

116

Course Review: Need

117

Course Review: When? Why? Who?

118

Course Review: Am, Is, Are

119

Course Review: Would and Could

57

120

Course Review: Could have

121

Course Review: Should have

122

Course Review: Would have

123

Course Review: Not yet

124

Course Review: The detective ‘tense’

125

Course Review: The future – using “huì”

126

Course Review: Want-not-want type constructions

127

Course Review: A change of situation

128

Cluster number 1

129

Cluster number 2

130

Cluster number 3

131

Cluster number 4

132

Cluster number 5

133

Cluster number 6

134

Cluster number 7

135

Cluster number 8

136

Cluster number 9

137

Cluster number 10

138

Cluster number 11

139

Cluster number 12

140

Cluster number 13

141

Cluster number 14

142

Cluster number 15

143

Cluster number 16

58

144

Cluster number 17

145

Cluster number 18

146

Cluster number 19

147

Cluster number 20

148

Cluster number 21

149

Cluster number 22

150

Cluster number 23

151

Goodbye

59