Netaji: Collected Works - Volume 5

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B 1,665,244

NETAJI

COLLECTED WORKS Wume5 ft>OS*-j Shbk#s c k j ^ h *

//

Editorial Advisory Board A. C. N. N ambiar P. K. Sahcal A bid H asan Safrani

Editor Sisir K. Bose

NETAJI RESEARCH BUREAU NETAJI BHAWAN CALCUTTA INDIA

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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

PS> C opyrigh t: Netaji Research Bureau 1985

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M

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v .$ ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Sarat Chandra-Bivabati Bose Collection Emilie Schenkl-Bose Anita B. Pfaff

Published with the Financial Assistance from the Government of India, Ministry of Education & Culture

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of denying the tradition. A ll rights of Irish­ men to their lands or to elect their chiefs, who were turned into hereditary English barons. Irish dress and speech w ere pros­ crib ed Lecky says that in Elizabeth’s reign the Irish were suppressed with ferocity. Fonde says that Sri Peter Carew murdered women ,and children and Sri Humfrey Gillbert treated Irishmen like sagave beasts and wiped out whole families. Assassins w ere hired to poison Irish Chiefs eluding capture. A fter the flight of the Earls in 1607, Low­ land Scots and Englishmen were planted in Ulster and in Leinster. Cromwell who invaded Ireland in 1649 fought more honourably than the Elizabe­ than ravagers but he too wanted to uproot the Irish nation. His slaughterings at Waxford and Drogheda have made his name a thing of horror. During Cromwell’s time, thousands o f boys, women and children were sold as slaves in the West Indies. Sir William Pelty calculated that bet : 1641 and 1652, one-third of the population died o f plague, famine or in war. Sarsfield surrendered Lim eric to the Williamites conditionally viz., that religious free­ dom should be granted to the Irish. Owing to the insistence of the Extreme Protestants, treaty of Limerick guaranteeing religious freedom was regarded as a scrap o f paper. Hence Limerick is known to all Irishmen as the city of the Broken Treaty. “ Remember Lim erick” henceforth became a battle-cry with the Irish people. Irish Revolt :— (1 ) Under Edward Bruce (brother of Robert Bruce) who was crowned Edward I of Ireland. Bruce was ultimately

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46

NETAJ!

( 2)

(3)

Production in Indian mills.

COLLECTED WORKS

Imports by Sea from foreign countries from

Year

20’s in thous. lbs.

30’s in thous. lbs.

1921-22

470,628

203,162

1922-23

478,595

208,959

1923-24

403,440

181,747

1924-25

469,810

223,812

1125-26

444,749

213,788

1926-27

515,682

248,311

above 40's in thous. lbs.

16,900

2,364

517

693,571

15,930

2,195

214

705,893

19,666

3,261

514

609,628

19,368

5,823

577

719,390

19,737

5,834

1,415

685,523

27,657

11,531

3,936

807.116

Wastes in thous. lbs.

Totals in thous. lbs.

■318

3i*s to 40’s in thous. lbs.

N ETAJI

COLLECTED W ORKS

1923*29

319

b y the Government o f India. The Government have how­ e v e r turned down this proposal and have only agreed to im pose a duty o f 1 anna per lb. on im ported yarn in place o f the existing duty o f 5 per cent, if called upon to do so. Analysis Of Foreign Yarn The different descriptions o f foreign twists and yarns im ported into India are given below :— (in thousand lbs.) Year.

Grey (Unbleached)

1922-23 1923-24 1824-25 1925-26 1926-27

48,983 31,256 41,277 37,958 35,765

W h ite (bleached)

Coloured

1,894 2,650 3,427 3,751 4,062

7,027 9,645 8,483 7,107 5,373

Mercerised

1,320 2,019 .2,664 2,845 4,169

In the first variety, which predominates over the other varieties, Japan is a form idable competitor o f the United Kingdom , especially fo r counts between 31*s and 40*8. The second variety comes almost entirely from the United Kingdom and the third mainly from the continent. The fourth and the last variety is obtained chiefly from Japan. Th e percentage shares o f the United Kingdom and Japan in the im port trade fo r cotton twist and yam are shown in the table b e lo w ;— Y ear

Japan

United Kingdom

2 2 2 14 22 72 13 42 26

86 87 91 83 77 25 81 49 70

1913-14 1914-15 1915-16 1916-17 1917-18 1918-19 1919-20 1920-21 1921-22

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320

NETAJI

Japan Year United Kingdom 45 1922-23 52 46 1923-24 49 57 1924-25 37 65 1925-26 31 54 1926-27 41 The sudden rise in U. K'share and the corresponding fa ll in Japan's share during 1926-27 show that Japan has not been able to consolidate her position vis-a-vis U nited Kingdom. The above com parative analysis practically represents the analysis o f grey (unbleached) yarn imports — because as stated above, greys form the most im portant element, 36 m illion lbs. in a total o f 49 m illion lbs., in 1926-27.

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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

CHAPTER V Analysis Of Foreign Piece Goods (A ) According To Quality The three varieties o f foreign piece goods are shown separately in the table below for the past five years :— (in million yards) Y ear 1922-23 1923-24 1924-25 1925-26 1926-27

Grey 931 704 846 709 748

White 402 415 549 465 571

Coloured 244 347 407 366 447

Analysis According To Sources The distribution o f the total import trade in piece goods among the principal countries is set forth below according to the percentage shares o f quantities :— United Kingdom

1913-14 1920-21 1921-22 1922-23 1923-24 1924-25 1925-26 1926-27

97.1 85.6 87.6 91.2 88.8 88.5 82.3 82.0

Japan

United States

NetherLands

Other Countries

.3 11.3 8.3 6.8 8.2 8.5 13.9 13.6

.3 .9 2.1 .5 .5 .5 1.0 .9

.8 .9 1.1 .8 .7 .6 1.1 1.1

1.5 1.3 .9 .7 1.8 1.9 1.7 2.4

The trades o f the two chief competitors, viz., United Kingdom and Japan, are further analysed below in order to show what particular classes o f British goods are being replaced by Japanese goods :—

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NETAJI

322

Grey

White

Coloured

U.K. Japan

98.8 .5

98.5

92.6 .2

1923-24

U.K. Japan

85.2 13.7

97.0 .6

87.4 6.7

1924-25

U.K. Japan

86.0 13.0

97.1 .8

83.1 10.0

1925-26

U.K. Japan

79.2 20.1

96.0

1.0

73.1 19.0

U.K. Japan

78.7 20.7

96.4 .5

79.1 19.2

1913-14

1926-27

—

Thus, except fo r white cotton goods Kingdom is being steadily ousted by Japan.

the United

(B ) According To Destination In India Bengal takes a predominant part each year in the distribution o f piece goods im ported into India. Bombay comes second but her share has been gradually declining during the last three years. Burma on the contrary has been showing a steady increase. The relative figures are given b e lo w :— (In m illion yards) Ports

1921-22

Calcutta Karachi Bombay Rangoon Madras

f ' *

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652 129 65 56 41

1922-23 933 218 69 86 65

1923-24:

1924-25

1925-26

905 324 49 103 78

767 250 32 118 52

753 220 57 72 70

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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

COLLECTED W ORKS

323

1923-29 Analysis Of Yarn Imports According To Ports

So far as foreign twists and yam s are concerned, Ben­ gal takes a larger percentage than any other province. Madras, where the handloom industry is very active, takes about half the quantity o f Bengal. The imports are analysed according to ports fo r the last few years in the subjoined ta b le :— In million lbs. Ports Calcutta Karachi Bombay Rangoon Madras

1921-22

1922-23

1923-24

1924-25

1925-:

14.2 1.0 .4 2.3 8.0

15.5 .7 1.4 1.8 7.1

12.0 1.0 1.5 1.6 6.1

16.3 1.2 1.0 2.3 8.0

13.6 .8 1.0 2.9 7.3

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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

Chapter V I Importance Of Cotton Manufactures To Britain It is common knowledge that cotton manufactures form the staple export from Britain. But how fa r Britain depends on the prosperity o f her cotton textile trade cannot be accurately realised in the absence o f Statistical figures. In the follow ing table, the values o f the exports o f the principal manufactured commodities fo r the last few years are given to indicate their relative impor­ tance :—

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UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN

VALUE OF EXPORTS IN £ M ILLIONS

NO. Articles exported from U.K. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Cotton yarns and manufactures Iron and steel manufactures Machinery W oollen manufactures Vehicles (including locomotives, ship and airships) Textile manufactures other than cotton, wool and silk Apparel Chemicals Other articles wholly or mainly manufactured each item having a value not exceeding £ 90 mill. Total

1926

1925

1924

1923

1922

154 55 45 51

199 68 49 59

199 75 45 68

177 76 45 63

187 61 52 58

31

33

27

28

50

27 27 22

28 29 24

28 30 25

24 26 26

22 23 20

126

128

298

302

246

538

617

795

767

719

326

NETAJl

Importance Of The Indian Market For British Cotton Goods It is thus evident that cotton manufactures form the staple export from Britain. The most important m arket is Indian. How important it is w ill appear from the table b e lo w :— CO H

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