Nematoda parasitic in North American squamatic reptiles with a description of Strongyluris riversidensis n. sp. and Pharyngodon mearnsi n. sp.

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NEMATODA PARASITIC W NORTH AMERICAN SQUAMATIC REPTILES WITH A DESCRIPTION OF Strongyluris riversidensis n. sp* AND Pharyngodon meamsi n, sp.

A Thesis Presented to the. Faculty of the Department of Zoology The University of Southern California

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts

by Raymond Henry Edgerly August 1950

UMI Number: EP67191

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This thesis, w ritten by ....... under the guidance of h.j.S... F a c u lty Com m ittee, and app ro ved by a l l its members, has been presented to and accepted by the C o u n cil on G raduate Study and Research in p a r t ia l f u l f i l l ­ ment of the requirements f o r the degree of ........ .MASm.E....QI!^M...............

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j - v ^ - D e u e - l - > " J r s .................

Dean

Faculty Committee

Chairman

Permission is hereby granted to Raymond H« Edgerly to use elite type in the writing of his thesis.

W* E» Martin Chairman of thesis committee

TABLE OF CONTENTS Part

Page I# Nematodes Parasitic in North. American Squamatic

1-16

Reptiles II* List of Parasitic Nematodes in North American

17-21

SQUAMATA III* A Description of Two New Species (NEMATODA)

22-38

IF. Literature Cited

39-42

" V* Explanation and Key to the Figures

44-45

VI* Figure I* Strongyluris riversidensis

46

VII• Figure II. Strongyluris riversidensis

47

VIII* Figure III. Pharyngodon meamsi

48

NEMATODES PARASITIC IN NORTH AMERICAN SQDAMATIC REPTILES Research concerning the nematodes parasitic in North American Squamata has "been very limited and little is known of their geograph­ ical distributions* life cycles, or host-parasite relationships* It was the author*s hope in undertaking this literature survey that the data would be useful to others conducting such research* Contributions to the knowledge of nematodes in reptiles of North America have, in the main, been made by Leidy, Harwood, Caballero, and Walton*

Others have, on occasion, contributed

important publications* Leidy, in the middle part of the nineteenth century, began collecting, personally and through contributions, many parasites from numerous hosts*

Nematodes from squamatic reptiles were in­

cluded in this collection*

Unfortunately, Leidy seldom indicated

type species and often failed to keep even the specimens of the new species which he established* illustrations are scarce*

His descriptions are meagre and his

It was possible for Walton (1927) by

means of a revision of the Leidy collection to designate, in a few cases, type material of the species, although, even in these cases the evidence was largely circumstantial in that the date of collect­ ing, the host, and the name of the collector were the only available data* A few surveys have been made which encompass nematodes of reptiles and amphibians of North America.

One of the most extensive

surveys of this type has been carried out by Caballero, who has

published results of investigations of the nematodes of reptiles in Mexico in a series of papers appearing from 1938 to 1944 {the latest date to the author*s knowledge)#

Harwood has conducted surveys of

this nature in the United States, including in these studies the regions of Houston, Texas, and vicinity (1932), and Tennessee (1934 and 1935).

Also, in the southeastern United States, Reiber et al, i

(1940) studied the nematode parasites of reptiles and amphibians in various localities of Georgia and Florida,

In the northern United

States, Rankin, as recently as 1945 made a taxonomic and ecological survey of the helminths parasitic in amphibians and reptiles of western Massachusetts and vicinity. In the following survey the nematode classification is based on York and Maplestone* s "Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates" (1926) with the exception of subsequent additions and changes made necessary by later research# The classification of the squamatic reptiles has undergone many revisions since they have been reported as parasitic nematode hosts by the various workers.

In this survey the author has reported both

the originally applied nomenclature of the squamatic host, in paren­ thesis, and the presently accepted nomenclature according to Smith and Taylor (1945), Smith (1946), and Stebbins (1948), Phylum: Glass:

NEMA3HSXMXNEHES Vogt (Quoted by Carus, 1863) NEMATODA Rudolphi, 1808 (emend. Diesing, 1861)

Order:

EUNEMA.TQDA Ward, 1916

3 Superfamily: Family:

RHAJBDIASOIDEA Railliet, 1916

HHABDIASIDAE Railliet, 1915

Genus:

Rhabdias

Species:

Dujardin, 1845

R. vellardla

Pereira, 1928

Parasitic in the lungs of Heterodon contortrix, Storeria dekayi, Haldea striatula (Potamophis striatulus), Thamnophls sauritus proximus (Thamnophis proximus). Reported locality: Houston, Texas and vicinity. Species:

(Harwood, 1932).

R. fascovenosa var. catanensis (Rizzo,

1902) GhUi 1936 Parasitic in the lungs of Thamnophis sirtalis and Natrix sipedon pictiventris. Reported local­ ity:

Melbourne Prairie, Florida.

(Reiber et al,

1940). Species:

R. ranae ; Walton, 1929

Parasitic in Lampropeltis triangulum triangulum and Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis. Reported local­ ity:

western Massachusetts and vicinity.

(Rankin,

1945). Species:

R. serpent!cola Linstow, 1904

Parasitic in the lungs of Heterodon contortrix (Heterodon platyrhinos)• Reported locality: Unknown, except North America.

(Linstow, 1904).

4 Superfamily: Family:

TRICHUR03DEA Raillet, 1916 TRIC5HIMEILIDAE Stiles and Crane, 1910

Subfamily; Genus:

TRICHURINAE Ranson, 1911 Capillaria

Species:

Zeder, 1800

(3* heterodontiis Harwood, 1932

Parasitic in the rectum of Heterodon contortrix. Reported locality:

Houston, Texas and vicinity.

(Harwood, 1932). Species:

Capillaria sp.

Rankin, 1945

Parasitic in the foregut of Coluber constrictor constrictor and Lampropeltis triangulum triangulum. Reported locality:

western Massachusetts and

vicinity.

(Rankin, 1945).

Species:

(3. xochimilcensis

Caballero, 1943

Parasitic in the intestine of Thamnophis angustirostris melanogaster. Reported locality: San Gregorio, Atlapulco, D. F. Superfamily: Family:

STRONGYLOLDm

Weinland, 1858 (Hall, 1916)

DIAPHANOGEHIALIDAB

Genus:

(Caballero, 1943).

Travassos, 1919

Kalicephalus Molin, 1861

Species:

K. agkistrodontis Harwood, 1932

Parasitic in the stomach of Agkistrodon mokasen. Heterodon contortrix. Pituophis sayi, Matrix rhombifera, Matrix sipedon fasciata, Lampropeltis

5 getulus holbrooki, Thamnophis sauritus proximus

(Thamnophis proximus), and Micrurus fulvius. Reported locality:

Houston, Texas and vicinity*

(Harwood, 1932). Species:

K. agkistrodontis flagellus Harwood,

1932 Parasitic in the stomach of Masticophis flagellum (Coluber flagellum) and Coluber constrictor flaviventris * Reported locality: Houston, Texas and vicinity*

(Harwood, 1932).

Parasitic in the intestine of Coluber constric­ tor constrictor and-Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis* Reported locality: vicinity* Species:

western Massachusetts and

(Rankin, 1945). K. tennessensis Harwood, 3.934

Parasitic in Coluber constrictor. Reported locality:

Tennessee.

(Harwood, 1954).

Parasitic in Coluber constrictor constrictor and Thamnophis sirtalis* Reported locality: Kissimmee, Florida.

(Reiber et al, 1940).

Parasitic in Masticophis flagellum flagellum* (Coluber flagellum flagellum). Reported locality: Athens, Georgia.

(Reiber et al, 1940).

Parasitic in the stomach and esophagus of Lampropeltis getulus nigra* Reported locality:

6 Columbus, Georgia. Species:

(Reiber et al, 1940).

K. floridanus

Reiber, Byrd, and Parker,

1940 Parasitic in the stomach and duodenum of Coluber constrictor constrictor. Reported locality Kissimmee, Florida. Species:

(Reiber et al, 1940).

K. conoidus

Comroe, 1948

Parasitic in the small intestine of Crotalus triseriatus. Reported locality: Mexico. Species:

Michoacan State,

(Comroe, 1948). K. humilis

Caballero, 1938

Parasitic in the stomach and intestine of Drymarchon corais melanurus. Reported locality: Acapulco, Mexico. Species:

(Caballero, 1938).

K. rectiphilus Harwood, 1932

Parasitic in the rectum of Coluber constrictor flaviventris. Reported locality:

Houston, Texas.

(Harwood, 1932). Family:

TRICHOSTRONGYLIDAE

Subfamily: Genus:

Leiper, 1912

TRIGH0STR0NG3TLIKAE leiper, 1908 Oswaldocruzia Travassos, 1917

Species:

0_.

pipiens Walton, 1929

Parasitic in Leiolopisma laterals and Eumeces

fasciatus. Reported locality: vicinity.

Houston, Texas and

(Harwood, 1932).

Parasitic in Sceloporus undulatus and Leiolopisma laterale. Reported locality:

Huntsville, Texas.

(Harwood, 1932). !

Species:

i

O. leidyi

Travassos, 1917

Parasitic in Leiolopisma laterale. Reported locality:

Tennessee.

(Harwood, 1932).

Superfamily: OXTUROIDEA Railliet, 1916 Family:

KATHLAHIIBAE Travassos, 1918

Subfamily: Genus:

CRUZIME Gruzia

Species:

Ortlepp, 1923

Travassos, 1917

£• mexicana

Khalil, 1927

Parasitic in the caecum not determined). Tabasco, Mexico. Family:

of a lizard (species

Reported locality:Frontera, (Khalil, 1927).

PEIARYNGODONIDAE Travassos, 1920

Subfamily:

HIARYNGODONINAE

(Travassos, 1920) L

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