Medicinal Plants of Native America, Vols. 1 and 2 9780915703098, 9781951538286

Table of contents :
Volume One
Contents
Foreword by Richard I. Ford
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Table 1: Genera
Bibliography
Volume Two
Table 2: Indications
Table 3: Families
Table 4: Cultures
Table 5: Common Names

Citation preview

University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology Technical Reports, Number 19

Research Reports in Ethnobotany, Contribution 2

Medicinal Plants of Native America by Daniel E. Moennan with a foreword by Richard I. Ford

Volume One

Ann Arbor 1986

©1986 The Regents of The University o f Michigan The Museum of Anthropology All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America ISBN 978-0-915703-09-8 (paper)

ISBN 978-1-951538-28-6 (ebook)

for c. f

Contents

Foreword by Richard 1. Ford

vii

Acknowledgments Introduction

· . IX

..

. Xl

Table 1: Genera

1

Bibliography ..

· 527

Table 2: Indications Table 3: Families

· 535 .653

Table 4: Cultures

· 791

Table 5: Common Names

.885

v

Foreword Richard 1. Ford Director, Ethnobotanical Laboratory The University of Michigan

Scholars have long sought a comprehensive, taxonomically validated, overview of the medicinal plants used by Native Americans. Previous efforts to compile note papers and punch cards of this diffuse literature were a labor of love that left little time for comparative study. Dr. Moerman attempted to satisfy this desire by publishing A merican Medical Ethnobotany (Garland 1977). Since it appeared, he has continued to incorporate references into his computerized database. Medicinal Plants of Native America is the culmination of his monumental project. Publication of this invaluable reference is made possible with a subvention from the Volney H. Jones Ethnobotanical Publication Fund. Scholarly activity of this type has a long tradition in the Ethnobotanical Laboratory at the University of Michigan, and it is a pleasure to witness its fruition with Moerman's two-volume publication. When Melvin R. Gilmore was hired as Curator of Ethnology at the University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology in 1929, he brought to his new position what was probably the largest personal ethnobotanical library in the world. Of equal significance and, today, of greater historical importance were several files containing four-by-six-inch paper slips: book citations, unpublished botanical notes, and references extracted from publications. Some

were handwritten while the majority were typed. At one time they were color coded by topic but that system broke down sometime during his busy career. The index to this note system allowed hand retrieval by only three headings, each with its own slip: genus, a material culture topic, and tribal affiliation. Despite its labor intensity, it functioned to facilitate answering a multitude of questions about traditional uses of plants. Volney Jones, who was Gilmore's student, protege, and eventual successor, was a comparable bibliophile. He added copious notes to the files and an even larger collection of books to the ever growing library, now designated the Melvin R. Gilmore Ethnobotanical Library. Jones stayed current with the literature and abstracted a prodigious amount of information for the always-expanding note files. In the days before the computer this thankless approach to research demanded continual time and effort, but the result was an indispensable research reference. At the time, the only efficient solution to the total preoccupation demanded by this time-honored system of scholarship was a punch card method with a single typed entry and key words punched on the margin. This avoided the need for multiple typed note papers for filing under each subject. Vorsila

Vll

Bohrer, who was a botany student at Michigan in 1953 working with Jones, devised such a system to file ethnographic and archaeological entries for plant utilization in the Greater Southwest (American Anthropologist 56:99-104). Jones received a research grant from the Horace H. Rachkam School of Graduate Studies to initiate the project under Bohrer's direction. The primary key word for filing was the genus but other subjects-botanical family, cultural group, archaeological area, use category including medicine-could be retrieved with a stylus pushed throuth the edge-punched cards. This research tool has grown from several thousand cards after the first year to over 22,000 cards today. Despite its advantages over its inefficient predecessor, it was still cumbersome. Data management with the computer has replaced it and has revolutionized basic scholarship. Gilmore and Jones would have received Medicinal Plants of Native America enthusiastically. By using a relational reference system of multiple, hierarchically organized key words, as Moerman explains, simple typed computer entries can quickly elicit answers to a multitude of questions. Moerman consulted an extensive library of primary and reliable secondary sources to build the database for this resource. Gilmore, Jones, and Bohrer were familiar with many of the sources but only with electronic data processing could the informa-

tion be transformed, without retyping, to a crossindexed format of utility to scholars in many disciplines. Researchers in anthropology, botany, geography, Native American studies, medicine, and the allied health delivery sciences will discover that it is indispensable for answering research questions about medicinal plants or for designing new research projects with plants. By presenting his entire database and several cross indexes, Moerman has made available to scholars and the lay public alike the largest taxonomically reliable medicinal reference guide to Native American medicinal plants ever published.

Medicinal Plants of Native America is the state of the art in ethnomedical data management. It should serve as a model for other types of ethnobotanical research. Gilmore and Jones began the comparative study of Native American plant uses. Moerman has advanced their objective while maintaining their original appreciation for the contribution of Native Americans who discovered numerous medicinal plants on the North American continent. It is to be hoped these volumes will promote the medicinal knowledge gained by Native American curers for the benefit of all humankind. Certainly this is the pinnacle Moerman and the Ethnobotanical Laboratory hope this contribution to fundamental ethnomedical scholarship will achieve.

viii

Acknowledgments

Special thanks goes to Mary Johnson and Ann Bruder who, with patience and good humor, did all the coding; they know that if you have a headache, you "take an eight." Thanks also to Jim Herrick, author of Iroquois Medical Botany, who methodically proofread the several thousand Iroquois items in the database.

Many people and organizations have contributed in many ways to these volumes. The National Endowment for the Humanities twice provided crucial and generous support: a summer stipend in 1977, and a Research Tools grant (RT-20408-84) in 1984. The College of Arts, Sciences and Letters of The University of Michigan-Dearborn provided computer funds for years, as well as a congenial professional home for someone with arcane scholarly interests. Victor Wong, Donald Levin and Joseph Rath have always been particularly helpful. Richard Ford and the Ethnobotanical Laboratory at the University of Michigan Museum of Anthropology insured publication with generous support from the Volney H. Jones Ethnobotanical Publication Fund.

For providing general personal or professional support, thanks to Paul Cunningham, Larry Radine, and Nina Etkin. And special thanks to my daughter Jennifer Moerman for drawing the cover illustration; and more thanks for keeping me young! My ultimate appreciation, however, goes to the generations of unknown Native Americans whose diligent and compassionate inquiry into the botany of the continent provided the fountain of human knowledge from which we are priviledged to drink. The fact that I cannot list their names does not diminish my appreciation for their energy, imagination and will as they went about the work of eliciting the medical bounty of a continent.

Shirley Smith and her staff at the University of Michigan-Dearborn Library provided invaluable reference help in gathering obscure publications from around the country. Bob Brill is the author of TAXIR, the main-frame system on which this data base is maintained; a pioneer in database management, his expertise and enthusiasm have been sources of essential support for over ten years. Appreciation also goes to Kari Gluski who gave patient counsel on the many intricacies involved with computerized typesetting.

Daniel E. Moerman Ann Arbor, Michigan April 18, 1986

IX

Introduction

tically impossible to find. Once found (this work is, if nothing else, testimony to the ingenuity of the scholar's truest friend, the reference librarian) it was very difficult to use. Most of the works were not indexed. To answer a putatively simple question like "Who else used Allium, and for what?" took hours of digging. I decided (naIvely enough) to try to coordinate some of the data; I went out and bought a few hundred index cards-the kind with holes in the margins-and started filling them out. Soon I had more cards than would fit on the pin one stuck through the holes; I had to start new boxes of subcategories to store the cards. Once I dropped a stack of them on the floor. It was discouraging.

Background

In 1970 while doing fieldwork in a rural black community in South Carolina I discovered to my surprise that when people were ill, they used various wild plants as medicine. Although I had not intended to do so, I began to inquire into this practice. In time, I identified some 35 species of plants-from Allium to Zanthoxylum-which were so used. How, I then wanted to know, had these people learned of these plants? Did it do any good to take them? Had anyone else ever used them for anything? It was , of course, rather like opening Pandora's box1 and an ethnobotanist (of sorts) was born. These volumes are the latest to fly out of that box. They address only a small portion of the questions which one may wish to ask of the medicinal use of plants, but they are intended to help the student of medicinal plants at least to identify plants which have reportedly been used by Native Americans to treat what they conceived as illness.

One day in 1974 I had a chance conversation with Ralph Nichols, then the registrar at my university. Among other things, he was responsible each term for putting out the schedule of classescourse number, name, professor, room, time, and the like. He was experimenting with some strange system that worked on a computer; it was used for working with what he called "data banks." I told him what I was doing and he said that I just might want to give it a try. I had fiddled with a computer a few years before, and had had fun doing it, so I figured I would check it out. Soon I was working with a new kind of card, this time filled with little rectangular holes and with one comer cut off! I transferred the material from one kind of card to another, and started feeding them into the "hopper" at the computing center. The material was then read into a database using the TAXI~ system available

As I began that quest, I soon found myself in the company of some of the great American students of ethnobotany of the past-Huron H. Smith, Francis Densmore, Melvin Randolf Gilmore, Matilda Coxe Stevenson, Gladys Tantaquidgeon, and others. Their works were often lost in the recesses of some library on the other side of the continent. Most of their work was long out of print, and prac1 For an account of those South Carolinian medicinal plants, see Moerman, "Masterful Marginals: Black Life on a Carolina Isle," in M. Black and J. S. Reed, eds., Perspectives on the American South (1981), Gordon and Breach: New York.

xi

on the university computer. In 1975, I wrote a proposal to the National Endowment for the Humanities, describing what I was doing, and requesting a Summer Stipend. I was awarded the grant, and spent the summer of 1976 filling out thousands of code sheets, taking all that data from Smith, Tantaquidgeon, and the rest, putting it all into the same format. With funds provided by the university, I was able to pay professional key-punch operators to punch the thousands of cards. The first version of the database was published in 1977 as American Medical Ethnobotany: A Reference Dictionary (Garland Publishing Company, New York). That publication included 1288 different plant species from 531 different genera from 118 different families used in 48 different cultures in 4869 different ways. The book was produced from line printer copy; it was completely in upper case; the page numbers were typed on tiny labels and stuck on, one by one. But it had advantages. It had no index; rather, as is possible with computer technology, each of the 4869 items appeared in the boo~ 4 times-one list organized by genus, one by faIlllly, one by use and one by tribe. Even though the book had over 500 pages, it was far from a comprehensive list of Native American medicinal plant use. I had not had time to code a number of important sources which were available (Gunther on the Northwest Coast, Elmore on the Navaho). Moreover, there were at that time no appropriate sources available for either the Iroquois or the Cherokee. I continued to pester librarians and continuously augmented my collection of ethnobotanical sources. I obtained Hamel and Chiltoskey's Cherokee Plants and Herrick's monumental dissertation Iroquois Medical Botany.2

systems for doing computerized typesetting. I produced my first typeset output directly from the computer, using Donald E. Knuth's remarkable 'lEX system, in 1983. Soon after, I again approached the National Endowment for the Humanities, again asking support for this project. In June of 1984, the Endowment made an extraordinarily generous grant from its Reference Tools Program to build a comprehensive data bank of North American medical ethnobotany, building on the earlier work. This time, there would be no cards at all! Employing the remarkable ingenuity of Bob Brill of the University computing center, we developed an extremely efficient data entry procedure for use on a personal computer with commercially available database management software. A laboratory was established at the University of Michigan-Dearborn, and students were hired and trained to do the actual coding. The first item (a fern) was coded on September 20, 1984, by Mary Johnson. Mary and Ann Bruder coded more than 12,000 new items for the database, and completely checked and edited the original 4869 items coded years earlier. Figure 1 compares the original database and the current one', the third column shows the second divided by the first.

Figure 1: Comparison of American Medical Ethnobotany (AME) with Medicinal Plants of Native America (MPNA). AME MPNA MPNA AME Items Groups Species Genera Families

By the early 1980s, computer technology had changed, as well. Personal computers began to show up on desks, and the weakest link in mainframe computer systems-printers-were revolutionized with laser printers such as the Xerox 9700. Most exciting were two particular developments: PC database management systems, and mainframe

4869 48 1288 531 118

17,634 123 2147 760 142

3.6 2.6 1.7

1.4 1.2

Taxonomic Problems Plant taxonomy is a living phenomenon. Taxonomists do not agree on the taxonomic status of many plants, and, in particular, designations have changed over the decades. Consider one classic case:

2 Those two sources alone contribute more items to the current database-4875-than were in all of American Medica}, Ethnobotany. XlI

Erna Gunther reports that the Cowlitz use an infusion of the bark of devil's club (Oplopanax horrz'dus) as a wash for rheumatism. Verne Ray reports that the Sanpoil use the inner pith of devil's club (Echz'nopanax horrz'dum) for colds. J.W. Blankinship reports that the Cheyenne use the root of devil's club (Fatsz'a horrz'da) for headaches. Aurel Kraus reports that the Tlingit used the ash of devil's club (Panax horrz'dum) to treat sores. Four authors used four different generic terms, and three different specific terms, for what is surely the same plant species. Botanists likewise exhibit little agreement in this case. Hulten in his Flora of Alaska (1968) lists devil's club as Echz'nopanax horrz'dum with two synonyms, Panax horrz'dum and Oplopanax horrz'dus. Gray's Manual of Botany (1970) lists devil's club as Oplopanax horrz'dus with two synonyms, Fatsz'a horridus and Echinopanax horridus. Munz, in his Californz'a Flora (1970) does not list the plant at all. Together, these seven authors list six different designations for one species. The case is not unique; indeed it is relatively straightforword compared to what happens occasionally with, for instance, ferns, goldenrods, and everlastings. Were I to list the uses of these plants according to the binomials used by the original authors (which agree neither with one another nor with contemporary floras), two consequences would follow. First, the several uses of the same plant species would be separated, substantially reducing the usefulness of the lists. Second, a user who has identified a plant according to a modern flora would not be able to compare its uses with other published cases of use unless he could determine and check all the possible synonyms for the plant. For these reasons, I decided at the outset to standardize the names used by both ethnologists and botanists. My purpose is very clear; I wish to maximize the utility of these lists to facilitate their use by ethnobotanists. When I change a binomial, I do so not to reflect botanical interpretation, or to reflect international rules of nomenclature. I do so to make use of a minimum of synonyms and to update ethnologist's terminology to the standard of contemporary botanical manuals useful in field situations. These alterations are practz'cal, not botanical or theoretical. Xlll

Such standardization is, however, easier said than done. The biggest single problem is that there is no national flora. 3 The procedure used was as follows. Each binomial in an ethnobotanical source was checked against one or two contemporary floras. The binomial was first checked against the 1970 corrected printing of the eighth edition of Gray's Manual of Botany. If the reported binomial was listed in Gray's either as a main entry or as a synonym, the Gray's main entry was recorded in these tables as such. The reported binomial was also recorded, and is shown in Table 1 in small capitals. Gray's Manual was selected as the primary flora because it has the widest coverage of any of the regional floras available, and is the most detailed. If, however, the reported binomial did not appear in Gray's, then a secondary flora, for the region in which the particular culture occurs, was examined. If the ethnologist's binomial was listed in the secondary flora as a main entry or synonym, the main entry was recorded here. No secondary flora was used for Native American groups from the Northeast, Midwest, or Sub-Arctic, the main area of coverage of Gray's Manual. If a species listed by an ethnologist could not be located in one of the two floras for a particular region, the specific term was dropped, and the item listed only according to genus and "sp." Fortunately, this situation never arose with genera. Secondary floras used for various regions are listed in the bibliography at the end of Volume l.

This procedure generally worked well. A few anomalies did emerge. One problem arises occasionally which means that the procedure adds to synonymy rather than reduces it. For example, Herrick reports that the Iroquois used Cardamz'ne dz'phylla for several purposes. This species is not listed in Gray's Manual, so the taxon is listed as Cardamz'ne sp. with the synonym CARDAMINE DIPHYLLA. However, Hamel and Chiltoskey report that the same species is used by the Cherokee. Since the taxon is not listed in Gray's, it was checked 3 This is a terribly sad situation. Scientists of any sort must mourn for the demise of the noble attempt to construct a Flora North America, and deeply regret its loss of funding after such a brilliant start.

Table 1: Genera

against Radford, Ahles, and Bell's Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas, the secondary flora for the southeastern region. The taxon is listed here. Therefore, different uses of what is probably the same species are listed under two different taxa in the alphabetical directory. This situation occurred 286 times for 43 different taxa. Such cases are indicated in Table 1 with a dagger (t) after the name of the synonym (in small capitals).

Table 1 is organized alphabetically by genus. Each item contains nine or ten different pieces of information. First is the genus and species (Abies balsamea),4 followed by the family, followed by the group and indication (e.g., Chippewa Analgesic), and, if the taxon has been changed by the procedure described above, the genus and species as listed in the original source, in small capitals (e.g., PANAX HORRIDUM). This is followed by the common name (Fir, balsam), then a "Note" (e.g., "Gum melted on warm stone, fumes inhaled for headache"). This is followed by a parenthetic notation on the source of the item, a number referring to the source in the bibliography (at the end of Volume 1), and the page number in that source. Figure 3 lists the ten most frequently used species in the database.

There is also a problem associated with the names of plant families. Gray's Manual retains the use of older designations for some families, avoiding the more contemporary uses of the -aceae suffix in a few cases. In these cases, the more modern terminology has been adopted; moreover, as is generally the case among other botanical authorities, the family Cannabinaceae has been merged with Moraceae. The modified family names are shown in Figure 2.

Figure 3: Ten most-used species in

MPNA. Acorus calamus Achillea millefolium Artemisia tridentata Mentha arvensis Prunus virginiana Sanguinaria canadensis Prunus serotina Heracleum maximum Lomatium dissectum Pinus strobus

Figure 2: Families in Gray's Manual and

Medicinal Plants of Native America (MPNA). Gray's MPNA Compositae Asteraceae Cruciferae Brassicaceae Graminea Poaceae Gutifferae Cluciaceae Labiatae Lamiaceae Leguminosae Fabaceae Umbelliferae Apiaceae

148 146

110 94

92 92 80 78 78 77

How to Use These Volumes

Table 2: Indications

These volumes provide information on the medicinal uses of plants by Native Americans. The information is categorized in 4 ways: by taxon (genus and species), by indication (basic medical usage), by plant family, and by group or tribe. The primary presentation of these data is in Table 1 which comprises the bulk of Volume 1.

Volume 2 is composed of several alternate presentations of essentially the same information as appears in Table 1. The first of these is Table 2: Indications. This table lists all of the items in the database in terms of their primary usage. There are 73 Indications; they are listed in Figure 5 (on page xviii) with the number of each in the database. 4 The example used here is the first item in the database, from page 1.

xiv

Some are self explanatory (e.g. Snakebite remedy), while others require rather subtle distinctions. Definitions of those follow: •

Abortifacient. This category was defined broadly to include explicit references to the induction of abortion as well as agents said to "alleviate suppressed menses," to "emmenagogues," and the like.

monial eyewash." •

Dermatological aid. Any drug used to treat skin problems such as acne, itching, dandruff, etc.

•

Diaphoretic. Any drug which causes sweating.

•

Dietary aid. Anything used to influence appetite: an "appetizer," or its opposite. "Diet pills" would be Dietary aids.

•

Disinfectant. This is a rather broad category for "disinfecting," "fumigating," and "sterilizing"; this category is generally Western (and modern) in concept. It was used as well for a more metaphorical kind of sterilizing, i.e., for "getting rid of ghosts or spirits from the sickroom."

•

Adjuvant. A substance combined with another drug to enhance or improve its action; sometimes called a "seasoner." This category is also used for anything technically a "pharmaceutical aid," that is, anything designed to enhance the usability of a drug-a flavoring, a medium, a coloring.

•

Diuretic. A drug which causes urination.

•

Alterative. A medicine which "alters the processes of nutrition and excretion" restoring the normal body functions. This category was only used when the source explicitly used the term.

•

Emetic. A drug which causes vomiting.

•

Expectorant. A drug which promotes the ejection of mucous from the lungs· by spitting.

•

Analgesic. A drug which relieves pain. Aspirin is an analgesic.

•

Febrifuge. A drug to reduce fever. Aspirin is a febrifuge.

•

Anesthetic. A drug which reduces the sense of touch or pain. N ovocain is an anesthetic.

•

•

Anthelmintic. A drug to treat intestinal parasites or worms. Also called a vermifuge.

Gynecological aid. A medicine used for general "female problems" associated with menstruation or childbirth which did not fit into a more specific category, e.g., Abortifacient, Breast treatment, Contraceptive.

•

Antidote. Anything used to counteract a poison; a subcategory of this would generally be Snakebite remedy. The more restricted category was used when it applied.

•

Hallucinogen. Used only if the drug was specified as producing "hallucinations," "visions," or the like.

•

•

Antiemetic. A drug which inhibits vomiting.

Hemorrhoid remedy. Use for any drug said to be for hemorrhoids or "piles."

•

Antihemorrhagic. A medicine which is used to stop internal bleeding or "spitting blood." See Hemostat.

•

•

Cancer treatment. This category was used only if the source said that the substance was used to treat "cancer," or "tumors."

Hemostat. Used for substances said to stop bleeding. Most hemostats are said to be for "nosebleed," or for "hemorrhage of the nose." This category was not used for internal hemorrhage, or for "spitting blood," but only for external bleeding (including the nose).

•

Carminative. A drug which relieves flatulence ("gas" ). "Simethicone" is a carminative.

•

Herbal steam. For substances used "in the sweat lodge" or in steam.

•

Cathartic. A drug which causes evacuation of the bowels, a strong laxative.

•

•

Ceremonial medicine. For medicines said to be used in "ceremonial" fashion: "used as a cere-

Hunting medicine. A medicine designed to enhance good fortune in hunting, fishing, selling baskets, etc.

•

Misc disease remedy. This general category was

xv

classed as Cold remedy; but if the source indicated that the treatment was for "catarrh," "asthma," or the like, this was used.

used for treatments specified to be for particular infectious diseases, as smallpox, measles, mumps, cholera, typhoid, etc., which would not fit in another more specific category; hence, something said to be for "influenza" was classed as a Respiratory aid; something said to be for "whooping cough" was classed as a Cough remedy. •

Insecticide. For things used to kill insects (including lice).

•

Kidney aid. Any medicine said to aid the kidneys. Used for all references to "dropsy." See also Urinary aid, Diuretic.

•

Sedative. A drug which reduces excitement or upset. A downer. See Narcotic.

•

Stimulant. A drug which stimulates, or wakes you up. An upper. Coffee is a stimulant.

•

Tuberculosis remedy. For treatments specifically said to be for "tuberculosis," "consumption," "scrofula," or other manifestations of tuberculosis.

•

Unspecified. Any agent said to be used as a medicine without specifying exactly how: " leaves used as a medicine."

•

Laxative. See Cathartic.

•

Liver aid. For drugs said to be for the "liver" or "gall bladder," including "gall stones."

•

Urinary aid. A drug for problems of the urinary tract. See Diuretic.

•

Love medicine. Any medicine used to enhance an individual's abilities in matters of the heart.

•

Venereal aid. A drug for any venereal disease (syphilis, gonorrhea, etc.).

•

Narcotic. A drug which produces sleep or stupor. Most sleeping pills are narcotics. A "strong sedative."

•

Nose medicine. For generally unspecified treatment of the nose: "Crumbled leaves used as snuff for nose trouble."

•

Orthopedic aid. For drugs used to treat broken bones, sprains, etc.

•

Other. Any medicine not fitting in any other category. See Unspecified.

•

Panacea. A cure-all. A drug for all diseases.

•

Pediatric aid. Any medicine specifically indicated for use with children. Such items are generally listed twice,· once in this category, and once in the specific category. Hence, an agent said to be used "for children's colds" was classed both as a Cold remedy and a Pediatric aid.

•

Psychological aid. A drug for any psychological problem; for people who are "crazy," "depressed," etc.

•

Pulmonary aid. A drug for lung problems. See Expectorant.

•

Respiratory aid. For any drug said to be for upper respiratory problems. Generally, these were

Table 3: Families

Table 3 lists all the items in the database according to the 180 plant families in the database. Under each family name can be found the genus, species, tribe and indication. The ten most frequently used families are listed in Figure 4.

xvi

Figure 4: Ten most-used families in MPNA.

Asteraceae Rosaceae Pinaceae Lamiaceae Apiaceae Liliaceae Fabaceae Ranunculaceae Caprifoliaceae Polygonaceae

2805

1154 1087 695 630 608 563 446 422 394

Table

4: Cultures

Table 4 lists all the items in the database according to the groups who use them. Taxa used are grouped by indication. Figure 6 indicates the number of items in the database for each tribe; the tribes are organized by culture area.

Table 5: Common Names All of the common names in the database are included in this list. Only the genus and species is given; for further information, refer to Table 1. A common name was only recorded if the author gave one. Rules were developed for alphabetizing common names so that related names were adjacent in the list. Some common names are "generic" while some are "metaphorical." They are alphabetized accordingly: Oak, red but Poison oak, Cherry, choke but Ground cherry.

this way because they are one word, as Spearmint. A completely consistent listing of common names is impossible; but we did attempt to reduce redundancy. An Invitation to Ethnobotanists There is a value in having all of these data filed together in one place, and I have attempted to organize these volumes to maximize the efficiency with which information can be retrieved. There are times, however when shorter sublists of the data can be more helpful. Shorter versions of Table 1, listing only those items used as "Gynecological aids in the Southwest," or "Asteraceae used as Cold remedies," might be more manageable for those interested in such topics. Such lists can usually be produced quite easily from the computerized version of this database. Readers who would find such specialized lists helpful should contact me and describe their needs.

Some generic common names cannot be treated

xvii

Figure 5 : Indications and their frequencies in the database. Abortifacient Adjuvant Alterative Analgesic Anesthetic Anthelmintic Anticonvulsive Antidiarrheal Antidote Antiemetic Antihemorrhagic Antirheumatic - Ext. Antirheumatic - Int. Blood medicine Breast treatment Burn dressing Cancer treatment Carminative Cathartic Ceremonial medicine Cold remedy Contraceptive Cough medicine Dermatological aid Diaphoretic Dietary aid Disinfectant Diuretic Ear medicine Emetic Expectorant Eye medicine Febrifuge Gast-intestinal aid Gynecological aid Hallucinogen Heart medicine

112 64 7 1049 5 148 73 469 52 92 100 273 180 326 17 173 29 52 282 366 595 31 400 1946 154 104 218 151 76 475 35 387 445 949 731 14 104

xviii

Hemorrhoid remedy Hemostat Herbal steam Hunting medicine Hypotensive Insecticide Kidney aid Laxative Liver aid Love medicine Misc disease remedy Narcotic Nose medicine Oral aid Orthopedic aid Other Panacea Pediatric aid Poison Psychological aid Pulmonary aid Reproductive aid Respiratory aid Sedative Snake bite remedy Stimulant Strengthener Throat aid Tonic Toothache remedy Tuberculosis remedy Unspecified Urinary aid Venereal aid Veterinary aid Witchcraft medicine

61 131 83 62 10 48 291 177 96 101 374 23 19 162 410 537 167 514 170 80 292 16 185 121 152 236 27 285 359 210 283 230 230 390 258 160

Figure 6: Tribes in the database. and the number of items for each. Arctic and Sub-Arctic Cal. and Gt. Basin (cont.) Plains (cont.) Alaskan Eskimo . 6 Costanoan . . 296 Mandans 2 Aleut . . . . . . . 51 Gosiute . 141 Montana Ind. 51 Chugach Eskimo . 1 Green River 11 Oglala .. 1 Cree . . . . . . . 48 Karok 86 Omaha. . .161 Eskimo . . . . . . . 8 Kawaiisu . . . 293 Oto . . . . 3 Nunivak Eskimo 12 Little Lake . 8 Ponca 80 Tainarna Inds 10 Luisenos 32 Rees 2 Lummi . . . 29 15 Sioux ... W. Eskimo 57 NW Coast and Plateau Mahuna .. . .161 Sioux-Ft.Peck 2 Bella Coola 186 Mendocino Ind . 153 1 Snake . . . . 24 Chehalis Paiute .770 Teton Sioux .. 12 Cowlitz . 51 Papago . . . . 47 Northeast Flatheads . .2 Algonquian Ind 3 Pomo . . . . . 50 Gitksan 105 Potter Valley . 5 Chippewa ... 498 Klallam . 36 Delaware-Ont . 42 15 Round Valley Klamath . 13 Shasta ... 11 Fox . . . . . . . 426 Kwakiutl 284 Iroquois ... 2325 Shoshone . 730 Tubatulabal 32 Makah 57 Menominee .. 297 Micmac N Carrier . 38 .. 330 Wailaki 16 Nootka . . . .7 Mohegan . 265 91 Washoe Okanagan 104 Montagnais 67 Yana . 8 Puyallup .1 13 Montauk. . 1 Yokia . . Nanticoke 32 43 Yuki 47 Quileute Quinault 80 Southwest Narragansett 1 S Carrier N eeshenams 9 45 Apache. 43 Salishan 22 Cheyenne .350 Ojibwa ... .385 Samish .7 Penobscot 85 Comanche 29 Potawatomi . 217 Sanpoil . 78 Delaware-Okl . 227 Shuswap 104 Rappahannock 144 Hopi .174 Sikani S Ojibwa 76 11 Keresan 11 Shinnecock 45 Skagit 56 Kiowa 54 Winnebago 64 Skokomish 20 Navaho. . .259 Snohomish 12 N avaho-Kayenta . 400 Southeast 56 Navaho-Ramah 1037 Squaxin 23 Alabama 74 Catawba Pawnee 89 Swinomish 33 2722 Thompson Ind 515 Pima .176 Cherokee Tlingit . . . . . 24 Chickasaw 26 Tewa 85 Cal. and Gt. Basin .147 Zuni .134 Choctaw .191 Atsugewi Creek. 10 Plains Houma .140 California Ind 64 .1 Blackfeet Calpella Koasati .5 .. 7 50 Crow .. 35 Natchez Coahuilla Dakota .129 30 Concow .. 2 Gras Ventres 16

XlX

Table 1: Genera - Abies balsamea Pinaceae Chippewa Analgesic. Fir, balsam Gum melted on warm stone, fumes inhaled for headache. Chippewa Antirheumatic - Ext. Fir, balsam Decoction of root used as herbal steam to treat rheumatic joints. Chippewa Dermatological aid. Fir, balsam Gum of plant with bear's grease used as an ointment for the hair. Chippewa Herbal steam. Fir, balsam Decoction of root sprinkled on hot stones as herbal steam for rheumatism. Gum of plant melted on warm stone as herbal steam for headache. Iroquois Antirheumatic - Ext. Fir, balsam Steam from decoction of branches used as a bath for rheumatism & partuition. Iroquois Antirheumatic - Int. Fir, balsam Compound decoction taken for colds, coughs, and rheumatism. Iroquois Cold remedy. Fir, balsam Compound decoction taken for colds, coughs, and rheumatism. Iroquois Cough medicine. Fir, balsam Decoction taken straight or diluted with alcohol for coughs. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Fir, balsam Compound decoction applied to cuts, bruises, sprains or sores. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Fir, balsam Steam from decoction of branches used as a bath for rheumatism & partuition. Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Fir, balsam Decoction used as wash & poultice applied to cuts, bruises, sprains, & sores .. Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Fir, balsam Compound decoction taken during early stages of consumption. Iroquois Urinary aid. Fir, balsam Used to stop bed wetting. No preparation nor application indicated. Iroquois Venereal aid. Fir, balsam Used for gonorrhea. No preparation nor application indicated. Menominee Adjuvant. Fir, balsam Inner bark used as a seasoner for medicines. Menominee Analgesic. Fir, balsam Infusion of inner bark taken for chest pain. Menominee Cold remedy. Fir, balsam Liquid balsam pressed from trunk used for colds and pulmonary troubles. Menominee Dermatological aid. Fir, balsam Gum from plant blisters applied to sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Menominee Pulmonary aid. Fir, balsam Liquid balsam pressed from trunk used for colds and pulmonary troubles. Menominee Unspecified. Fir, balsam Poultice of fresh inner bark used for unspecified illnesses. . . . . . . . . . . Micmac Antidiarrheal. Fir, balsam Buds, cones, and inner bark used for diarrhea; also, buds used as a laxative. Micmac Burn dressing. Fir, balsam Gum used for bruises and fractures; also, used for burns, sores, and wounds. Micmac Cold remedy. Fir, balsam Gum used for colds; also, cones used for colic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Micmac Dermatological aid. Fir, balsam Gum used for bruises and fractures; also, used for burns, sores, and wounds. Micmac Gast-intestinal aid. Fir, balsam Gum used for colds; also, cones used for colic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Micmac Laxative. Fir, balsam Buds, cones, and inner bark used for diarrhea; also, buds used as a laxative. Micmac Orthopedic aid. Fir, balsam Gum used for bruises and fractures; also, used for burns, sores, and wounds. Micmac Venereal aid. Fir, balsam Bark used for gonorrhea; also, buds used as a laxative. . . . . . . . . . . . Ojibwa Ceremonial medicine. Fir, balsam Needle-like leaves used as part of the ceremony involving the sweatbath. Ojibwa Cold remedy. Fir, balsam Balsam gum used for colds; also, leaf smoke inhaled for colds. Ojibwa Cough medicine. Balsam Plant used for coughs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ojibwa Dermatological aid. Fir, balsam Balsam gum used to heal sores; compound containing leaves used as a wash. Ojibwa Diaphoretic. Fir, balsam Needle-like leaves used as part of the medicine for the sweatbath. Ojibwa Eye medicine. Fir, balsam Liquid balsam from bark blister used for sore eyes. . . . . . . . . .

Genera

(21:338) (21:362) (21:350) (21:362) (21:338) (37:269) (37:269) (37:269) (37:269) (37:269) (37:269) (37:269) (37:270) (37:270) (37:270) (61:45) (61:45) (61:45) (22:132) (61:45) (61:45) (15:53) (15:53) (15:53) (15:53) (15:53) (15:53) (15:53) (15:53) (63:378) (63:378) (52:244) (63:378) (63:378) (63:378)

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Medicinal Plants of Native America

Abies

Table 1: Genera - Abies balsamea Pinaceae Ojibwa Stimulant. Fir, balsam Leaves used as a reviver; also, used in compound as a wash. Penobscot Burn dressing. Fir, balsam Sap smeared over burns, sores, and cuts. Penobscot Dermatological aid. Fir, balsam Sap used as a salve to heal burns, sores, and cuts. Potawatomi Cold remedy. Fir, balsam Fresh balsam gum swallowed to cure colds. Potawatomi Dermatological aid. Fir, balsam Balsam gum used as a salve to heal sores. . Potawatomi Tuberculosis remedy. Fir, balsam Infusion of bark taken for "consumption and other internal affections." S Ojibwa Cold remedy. Fir, balsam Bark gum taken as a remedy for gonorrhea and chest soreness from colds. S Ojibwa Dermatological aid. Fir, balsam Bark gum applied to cuts and sores. S Ojibwa Diaphoretic. Fir, balsam Decoction of bark used to induce sweating. . S Ojibwa Venereal aid. Fir, balsam Bark gum taken as a remedy for gonorrhea and chest soreness from colds. Abies conrolor Pinaceae Paiute Dermatological aid. Fir, white Poultice of fresh pitch applied to cuts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Pulmonary aid. Fir, white Decoction of needles and bark resin taken for pulmonary troubles. Paiute Tuberculosis remedy. Fir, white Soft bark resin eaten or infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis. Paiute Venereal aid. Fir, white Compound decoction of resin taken for venereal disease. . . . . Shoshone Dermatological aid. Fir, white Simple or compound poultice of warm pitch applied to sores or boils. Shoshone Pulmonary aid. Fir, white Decoction of needles and bark resin taken for pulmonary troubles. Tewa Dermatological aid. Fir, white Resinous sap from main stem and larger branches used to treat cuts. Washoe Tuberculosis remedy. Fir, white Soft bark resin eaten or infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis. Abies /raseri Pinaceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Fir, balsam Used for venereal and urinary diseases; also, for wounds and ulcers. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Fir, balsam Taken "to loosen bowels and cleanse and heal internal ulcers." ... Cherokee Gynecolqgical aid. Fir, balsam Used for "falling of the womb," the "whites," and weak backs in females. Cherokee Kidney aid. Fir, balsam Burst blister, take ooze alone or with turpentine for "kidney trouble." Cherokee Laxative. Fir, balsam Taken "to loosen bowels and cleanse and heal internal ulcers." Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Fir, balsam "Balsam for breast and lung complaints with pain, soreness, or cough." Cherokee Urinary aid. Fir, balsam Used for venereal and urinary diseases; also, for wounds and ulcers. Cherokee Venereal aid. Fir, balsam Used for venereal and urinary diseases; also, for wounds and ulcers. Abies gmndis Pinaceae Bella Coola Eye medicine. Fir, white Compound of gum drawn on a hair across sore eyes. . . . . . . . . . . . Bella Coola Gast-intestinal aid. Fir, white Decoction of bark of root or stem taken every day for stomach trouble. Bella Coola Throat aid. Fir, white Compound of gum from bark blisters warmed and taken for sore throat. Bella Coola Tuberculosis remedy. Fir, white Decoction of bark of root or stem taken every day for tuberculosis. Chehalis Cold remedy. Fir, white Decoction of needles taken for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gitksan Antirheumatic - Ext. Fir, white Poultice of compound containing bark applied for rheumatism. Gitksan Dermatological aid. Fir, white Poultice of compound containing bark applied to boils or ulcers.

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Genera

· (63:378) · (66:309) · (66:309) · (64:68,69) · (64:68,69) · (64:68,69) · (39:198) · (39:198) (39:198) (39:198) (81:30) (81:30) (81:30) (81:30) (81:30) (81:30) (54:38) (81:30) (35:34) (35:34) (35:34) (35:34) (35:34) (35:34) (35:34) (35:34) (60:50) (60:50) (60:50) (60:50) (34:19) (60:50) (60:50)

Abies

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Abies grandis Pinaceae Gitksan Pulmonary aid. Fir, white Poultice of compound containing bark as chest plaster for lung hemorrhage. Green River Cold remedy. Fir, white Decoction of needles taken for colds. Karok Tonic. Fir, lowland Infusion of needles taken as a tonic. Kwakiutl Ceremonial medicine. Fir, grand Branches and pollen used in purification rites and ceremonies. Kwakiutl Cough medicine. Fir, grand Decoction of pitch taken for coughs and tuberculosis. Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Fir, grand Pitch and grease eaten or rubbed on sores and boils. Kwakiutl Laxative. Fir, grand Decoction of pitch taken as a tonic and laxative. Pitch and catfish oil taken for constipation. . . . Kwakiutl Oral aid. Fir, grand Root held in the mouth for gum boils and canker sores. Kwakiutl Tonic. Fir, grand Infusion of bark taken as a tonic to stay young and strong. Kwakiutl Tuberculosis remedy. Fir, grand Decoction of pitch taken or pitch rubbed on chest and back for tuberculosis. Okanagan Cathartic. Fir, white Decoction of bark and gum taken as a physic. Okanagan Eye medicine. Fir, white Gum used for sore eyes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . S Carrier Unspecified. Fir, white Tree used as medicine, no specific use noted. Shuswap Dermatological aid. Fir, grand Poultice of soft pitch applied to sores. Shuswap Panacea. Fir, grand Decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis and other sickness. Shuswap Toothache remedy. Fir, grand Hard pitch chewed to clean the teeth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shuswap Tuberculosis remedy. Fir, grand Decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis and other sickness. Thompson Ind Cathartic. Fir, great silver Decoction of bark and gum taken as a physic. Thompson Ind Cathartic. Fir, white Decoction of bark and gum taken as a physic. Thompson Ind Eye medicine. Fir, great silver Decoction of bark used as a wash for sore eyes; gum used in corners of eyes. Thompson Ind Eye medicine. Fir, white Gum used for sore eyes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Pediatric aid. Fir, great silver Branches thought to be of help to young girl under "magical spell." Thompson Ind Venereal aid. Fir, great silver Very strong decoction of various plant parts taken as a remedy for gonorrhea. Thompson Ind Witchcraft medicine. Fir, great silver Branches thought to be of help to young girl under "magical spell." Abies lasiocarpa Pinaceae Blackfeet Ceremonial medicine. Fir, balsam Plant burned as incense in ceremonials. . . . . . . . Blackfeet Cold remedy. Fir, balsam Poultice of plant applied for fevers and chest colds. Blackfeet Febrifuge. Fir, balsam Poultice of plant applied for fevers and chest colds. Cheyenne Ceremonial medicine. Fir Needles burned as incense in ceremonies by persons afraid of thunder. Cheyenne Stimulant. Fir Plant used to revive a dying person's spirit. .............. . Cheyenne Witchcraft medicine. Fir Burning needle smoke and aroma used to chase away bad influences (illness). Crow Ceremonial medicine. Fir, balsam Young twigs and leaves burned as incense in certain ceremonies. . . . . . . . . Abies sp. Pinaceae Cheyenne Adjuvant. Pine, sweet Plant used to purify and increase strength of medicine. Cheyenne Ceremonial medicine. Pine, sweet Leaves used in ceremonial purifying. . . . . . . . . . . .

Genera

(60:50) (34:19) (58:379) (82:268) (82:268) (82:268) (82:268) (82:268) (82:268) (82:268) (82:268) (48:41) (48:41) (60:50) (47:50) (47:50) (47:50) (47:50) (71:462) (48:41) (71:462) (48:41) (71:509) (71:462) (71:509) (45:273) (45:273) (45:273) (36:5) (36:5) (36:5) . (3:5) (33:169) (33:169)

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Abies

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Abies sp. Pinaceae

Gitksan Cathartic. Gum or mashed cones as purgative and diuretic for consumption and gonorrhea. Gitksan Dermatological aid. Gum or mashed cones applied to cuts and sores, especially gonorrheal sores. Gitksan Diuretic. Gum or mashed cones as purgative and diuretic for consumption and gonorrhea. Gitksan Laxative. Juicy inner bark taken for constipation. Gitksan Tuberculosis remedy. Gum or mashed cones as purgative and diuretic for consumption and gonorrhea. Gitksan Unspecified. Gum or mashed cones taken for many . . . serious ailments. . . . . . . . . . . . . Gitksan Venereal aid. Gum or mashed cones as purgative and diuretic for gonorrhea and consumption. Gum or mashed cones taken for gonorrhea and applied to gonorrheal sores. N Carrier Burn dressing. Gum used as an ointment on wounds, especially on burns. N Carrier Cathartic. Decoction of bark taken as a purgative. . . . . . . . . . . . N Carrier Dermatological aid. Gum used as an ointment on wounds, especially on burns. S Ojibwa Unspecified. ABIES NIGRA Spruce, black Decoction of leaves and crushed bark taken for unspecified ailments. Sikani Dermatological aid. Gum applied to wounds. .......................... . Thompson Ind Gast-intestinal aid. Decoction of shoots and bark taken for stomach trouble and as a tonic. Thompson Ind Tonic. Decoction of shoots and bark taken for stomach trouble and as a tonic. Abronia elliptica Nyctaginaceae Hopi Pediatric aid. Sand verbena Plant placed on child's head to induce sleep. Hopi Sedative. Sand verbena Plant placed on child's head to induce sleep. Abronia fragrans Nyctaginaceae Navaho Dermatological aid. Sand verbena Plant used for boils. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho Gast-intestinal aid. Sand verbena, fragrant Plant taken to "remove the effects of swallowing a spider." Navaho-Kayenta Cathartic. Plant used as an emetic, cathartic and sudorific for insect bites. Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Plant used as an emetic, cathartic and sudorific for insect bites. Navaho-Kayenta Diaphoretic. Plant used as an emetic, cathartic and sudorific for insect bites. Navaho-Kayenta Emetic. Plant used as an emetic, cathartic and sudorific for insect bites. Navaho-Kayenta Gast-intestinal aid. Plant used for stomach cramps. Navaho-Kayenta Other. Plant used as a Life medicine. Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Sand verbena, fragrant Cold infusion as lotion for sores or sore mouthj to bathe perspiring feet. Navaho-Ramah Oral aid. Sand verbena, fragrant Cold infusion used as lotion for sores or sore mouth. . . . . . . . . . . . . Abronia turbinata Nyctaginaceae Shoshone Dermatological aid. Sand verbena, white Poultice of mashed leaves applied to swellings. Abronia viIlosa Nyctaginaceae Shoshone Burn dressing. Sand verbena, pink Poultice of mashed roots applied to burns. Acalypha virginica Euphorbiaceae Cherokee Kidney aid. Mercury, wild Root used for "dropsy" and "gravelj" also, used for pox. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Mercury, wild Root used for "dropsy" and "gravelj" also, used for pox. Cherokee Urinary aid. Mercury, wild Root used for "dropsy" and "gravelj" also, used for pox.

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Genera

(60:51) (60:51) (60:51) (60:51) (60:51) (60:51) (60:51) (60:51) (60:51) (60:51) (60:51) (39:198) (60:51) (71:462) (71:462) (88:75) . (88:36,75) (38:158) (23:46) (91:21 ) (91:21) (91:21) (91:21) (91:21) (91:21) (84:26) (84:26) (81:30) (81:30) (35:61) (35:61) (35:61)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Acamptopappus

Table 1: Genera - Acamptopappus sphaerocephalus Asteraceae Kawaiisu Analgesic. Goldenhead Mashed plant used as a salve for the relief of pain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (92:9) Acer circinatum Aceraceae Karok Love medicine. Maple, vine Branches used by women as a love medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (58:385) Acer glabrum Aceraceae Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Maple, dwarf Infusion of branches used for swellings; a "life medicine." (84:36) Navaho-Ramah Other. Maple, dwarf Infusion of branches used for swellings; a "life medicine." (84:36) Thompson Ind Antiemetic. Maple, Rocky Mountain Decoction of wood and bark taken for nausea caused by smelling a corpse. (71:475) Acer macrophyllum Aceraceae Klallam Tuberculosis remedy. Maple, broad leaf Infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis. (34:39) Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Maple, broad leaf Sticky bud gum and oil used as a hair tonic. (82:275) Acer negundo Aceraceae Fox Emetic. Box elder Decoction of inner bark taken as an emetic. (62:200) Ojibwa Emetic. Box elder Infusion of inner bark taken as an emetic. (63:353) Acer nigrum Aceraceae S Ojibwa Antidiarrheal. Maple, black sugar (39:199) Decoction of inner bark used to treat diarrhea. . ................. . S Ojibwa Diuretic. Maple, black sugar (39:199) "Arbor liquore abundans, ex quo liquor tanquam urina vehementer projicitur." Acer pensylvanicum Aceraceae Iroquois Emetic. ACER PENNSYLVANICUM Maple, striped (37:378) Decoction of bark taken as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Laxative. ACER PENNSYLVANICUM Maple, striped (37:378) Compound decoction of bark taken as a laxative. Iroquois Orthopedic aid. ACER PENNSYLVANICUM Maple, striped (37:378) Decoction of bark applied as poultice for paralysis. . . . . . . Micmac Antihemorrhagic. ACER PENNSYLVANICUM Moosewood (15:53) Wood used for kidney trouble; also, used by persons who are spitting blood. Micmac Cold remedy. ACER PENNSYLVANICUM Moosewood ( 15:53) Bark used for colds, coughs, and "grippe;" also, wood used for gonorrhea. Micmac Cough medicine. ACER PENNSYLVANICUM Moosewood (15:53) Bark used for colds, coughs, and "grippe;" also, wood used for gonorrhea. Micmac Kidney aid. ACER PENNSYLVANICUM Moosewood (15:53) Wood used for kidney trouble; also, used by persons who are spitting blood. Micmac Misc disease remedy. ACER PENNSYLVANICUM Moosewood (15:53) Bark used for colds, coughs, and "grippe;" also, wood used for gonorrhea. Micmac Orthopedic aid. ACER PENNSYLVANICUM Moosewood (15:53) Unspecified plant parts used for "trouble with the limbs." . . . . . . . . . . Micmac Venereal aid. ACER PENNSYLVANICUM Moosewood (15:53) Bark used for colds, coughs, and "grippe;" also, wood used for gonorrhea. Penobscot Antihemorrhagic. ACER PENNSYLVANICUM Moosewood (66:311) Compound infusion of plant taken as a tonic and for "spitting up blood." Penobscot Dermatological aid. ACER PENNSYLVANICUM Moosewood (66:310) Poultice of steeped bark applied to swollen limbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . Penobscot Kidney aid. ACER PENNSYLVANICUM Moosewood (66:311) Compound infusion of plant taken for gonorrhea and kidney trouble. Penobscot Tonic. ACER PENNSYLVANICUM Moosewood (66:311) Compound infusion of plant taken as a tonic and for "spitting up blood." Penobscot Venereal aid. ACER PENNSYLVANICUM Moosewood (66:311) Compound infusion of plant taken for gonorrhea and kidney trouble. S Ojibwa Emetic. ACER PENNSYLVANICUM Maple, striped (39:200) Decoction of inner bark taken as an emetic. . ............. . Acer rubrum Aceraceae Cherokee Analgesic. Maple, red (35:44) Infusion of bark taken for cramps; hot infusion of bark given for measles. Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Maple, red (35:44) Infusion taken for dysentery; also, taken for hives. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Maple, red (35:44) Infusion taken for dysentery; also, taken for hives. Cherokee Eye medicine. Maple, red (90:73) Decoction of inner bark boiled to a syrup & used as a wash for sore eyes. (35:44) Inner bark boiled and used with water as wash for sore eyes. . . . . . . . .

Genera

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Acer

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Acer rubrum Aceraceae Cherokee Gynecological aid. Maple, red Compound infusion of bark taken for "female trouble;" also, taken for cramps. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Maple, red Infusion of bark taken for cramps; hot infusion of bark given for measles. Iroquois Blood medicine. Maple, red Complex compound taken as a blood purifier. No preparation indicated. Iroquois Eye medicine. Maple, red Infusion of bark used as drops for sore eyes and cataracts. ..... . Iroquois Hunting medicine. Maple, red Decoction of plants used as a wash for traps; a "trapping medicine." Koasati Dermatological aid. Maple, red Infusion of bark taken and used as a wash for gun wounds. Ojibwa Eye medicine. Maple, red Decoction of bark used as a wash to cure sore eyes. Potawatomi Eye medicine. Maple, red Decoction of inner bark used as an eye wash. Acer saccharinum Aceraceae Cherokee Analgesic. Maple, silver Infusion of bark taken for cramps; hot infusion of bark given for measles. Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Maple, silver Infusion taken for dysentery; also, taken for hives. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Maple, silver Infusion taken for dysentery; also, taken for hives. Cherokee Eye medicine. Maple, silver Inner bark boiled and used with water as wash for sore eyes. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Maple, silver Compound infusion of bark taken for "female trouble;" also, taken for cramps. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Maple, silver Infusion of bark taken for cramps; hot infusion of bark given for measles. Mohegan Cough medicine. Maple Infusion of bark, removed from south side of tree, taken for cough. Ojibwa Venereal aid. Maple, sugar Infusion of root bark taken for gonorrhea. '" S Ojibwa Antidiarrheal. Maple, sugar Decoction of inner bark used to treat diarrhea. S Ojibwa Diuretic. Maple, sugar Compound decoction of inner bark taken as a diuretic. Acer saccharum Aceraceae Iroquois Blood medicine. Maple, sugar Complex compound used as blood purifier. No preparation or application given. Iroquois Eye medicine. Maple, sugar Compound infusion of bark used as drops for blindness. . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Other. Maple, sugar Compound decoction of leaves as a wash on parts affected by "Italian itch." Mohegan Cough medicine. Maple, sugar Inner bark used to make a cough remedy. Potawatomi Expectorant. Maple, sugar Inner bark used as an expectorant. Acer sp. Aceraceae Micmac Cough medicine. ACER ALBA Maple, white Bark used as a cough remedy. Acer spicatum Aceraceae Iroquois Antihemorrhagic. Maple, mountain Compound decoction of roots and bark taken for internal hemmorhage. Micmac Eye medicine. Maple, mountain Bark used to treat sore eyes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ojibwa Eye medicine. Maple, mountain Infusion of pith as wash for sore eyes; pith used to remove foreign matter. Potawatomi Cough medicine. Maple, mountain Compound containing inner bark used as cough syrup . . . . . . . . . . . . . Achillea borealis Asteraceae Aleut Analgesic. Yarrow Infusion of leaves taken to cure pains in stomach, throat, chest, & muscles. Aleut Cold remedy. Yarrow Infusion of leaves taken for colds and to cure stomach and throat pains. Aleut Gast-intestinal aid. Yarrow Infusion of leaves taken for colds and to cure stomach and throat pains. Aleut Hemostat. Yarrow Leaves used as a coagulant for cuts and stuffed into nostrils for nosebleeds ..

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Genera

(35:44) (35:44) (37:378) (37:378) (37:378) (79:39) (63:353) (64:37) (35:44) (35:44) (35:44) (35:44) (35:44) (35:44) (76:269) (52:231) (39:198) (39:199) (37:378) (37:378) (37:378) (78:69,128) (64:37) (15:53) (37:377) (15:53) (63:353) (64:37) (1:426) (1:426) (1:426) (1:426)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Achillea

Table 1: Genera -Achillea borealis Asteraceae

Aleut Throat aid. Yarrow Infusion of leaves taken to cure stomach and throat pains; also, for colds. Aleut Tuberculosis remedy. Yarrow Infusion of leaves taken for consumption in post-Russian era. Costanoan Dermatological aid. Decoction of plant used as a wash for sores. . . . . . . . . . . Poultice of heated leaves applied to wounds to prevent swelling. Costanoan Gast-intestinal aid. Decoction of plant taken for stomachaches. Costanoan Toothache remedy. Heated leaves held in the mouth for toothaches. Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Poultice of chewed or soaked and heated plant applied to swellings & sores. Nunivak Eskimo Unspecified. Infusion of dried plants used for its medicinal qualities. . . . . . . . . . . . . Achillea lanulosa Asteraceae Cheyenne Antiemetic. Infusion of leaves taken for nausea or colds. Cheyenne Cold remedy. Infusion of leaves taken for nausea or colds. Cheyenne Cough medicine. Infusion of plants taken for coughs or to relieve tickling in the throat. Cheyenne Throat aid. Infusion of plants taken for coughs or to relieve tickling in the throat. Fox Dermatological aid. Yarrow Decoction of stem & leaves as wash for "place on the body that is ailing." Fox Febrifuge. Yarrow Infusion of leaves and blossoms taken as a cure for fever and ague. Fox Misc disease remedy. Yarrow Infusion of leaves and blossoms taken as a cure for fever and ague. Kawaiisu Snake bite remedy. Yarrow, western Dried, crushed and powdered leaves applied to snake bite wounds. Montana Ind. Cathartic. Infusion of the herb used as a cathartic. . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Analgesic. Plant used for headaches caused by weak or sore eyes. Navaho-Kayenta Eye medicine. Plant used in lotion for sore eyes caused from wearing ceremonial masks. Navaho-Kayenta Febrifuge. Plant used for fevers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Yarrow, western Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Yarrow, western Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Ojibwa Ceremonial medicine. Yarrow, woolly Compound containing flowering heads smoked for ceremonial purposes. Ojibwa Dermatological aid. Yarrow, woolly Poultice of leaves applied to cure spider bite. ... Paiute Analgesic. Yarrow Crushed green plant smelled to relieve headaches. Decoction of leaves taken for headaches. . . . . . . Decoction of root taken for gas pains. . . . . . . . Poultice of boiled whole plant applied to pains or sores. Poultice of mashed leaves applied as a compress for headaches. Paiute Antirheumatic - Ext. Yarrow Decoction of plant used as a liniment or as a wash for sores or rashes. Paiute Blood medicine. Yarrow Decoction of plant taken as a blood tonic after childbirth. Paiute Cold remedy. Yarrow Root chewed for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Dermatological aid. Yarrow Decoction of plant used as a liniment or as a wash for sores or rashes. Poultice of boiled whole plant applied to sores. . ..... . Poultice of mashed green plant applied to reduce swellings. Poultice of mashed leaves applied to swellings or sores. . Paiute Eye medicine. Yarrow Strained decoction of leaves used as drops for sore eyes. Paiute Febrifuge. Yarrow Decoction of leaves used as a wash for fevers. . . . . . . .

Genera

(1:426) (1:426) (5:25) (5:25) (5:25) (5:25) (4:381) (59:325) (33:189) (33:189) (33:189) (33:189) (62:210) (62:210) (62:210) (92:9) . (3:5) (91:44) (91:44) (91:44) (84:47) (84:47) (63:362) (63:362) · · · · ·

(81:31-33) (81:31-33) (81:31-33) (81:31-33) (81:31-33)

· (81:31-33) · (81:31-33) · (81:31-33) · · · ·

(81:31-33) (81:31-33) (81:31-33) (81:31-33)

· (81:31-33) · (81:31-33)

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7

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Achillea

Table 1: Genera - Achillea lanulosa Asteraceae Paiute Gast-intestinal aid. Yarrow Decoction of root taken for gas pains. . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Gynecological aid. Yarrow Decoction of plant taken as a blood tonic after childbirth. Paiute Kidney aid. Yarrow Decoction of root believed to be good for the kidneys. Paiute Toothache remedy. Yarrow Green leaves or roots used in various ways to treat toothaches. Paiute Urinary aid. Yarrow Decoction of plant taken for bladder ailments. Paiute Venereal aid. Yarrow Compound decoction of plant taken for gonorrhea. Paiute Veterinary aid. Yarrow Decoction of plant used to disinfect cuts and saddle sores on horses. Poultice of boiled leaves applied to collar sores on horses. Shoshone Analgesic. Yarrow Crushed green plant smelled to relieve headaches. . . . . . Decoction of flower taken for stomachaches; a liniment for muscular pains. Decoction of leaves taken for headaches. . . . . . . . . . . Poultice of boiled whole plant applied to pains or sores. . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Anesthetic. Yarrow Poultice of fresh roots applied to deaden pain so wound could be opened. Poultice of mashed fresh roots applied as an anesthetic to painful wounds. Shoshone Antidiarrheal. Yarrow Decoction of plant taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Antiemetic. Yarrow Decoction of plant taken for colds and for upset stomach. Shoshone Antirheumatic - Ext. Yarrow Decoction of plant used as a liniment or as a wash for sores or rashes. Shoshone Cold remedy. Yarrow Decoction of plant taken for colds and for upset stomach. . . . . . . . . Shoshone Dermatological aid. Yarrow Decoction of flower used as a wash for itching. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Decoction of plant used as a liniment or as a wash for sores or rashes. Decoction of root used as a preliminary soak to help extract splinters. Poultice of boiled whole plant applied to sores. . ............ . Poultice of fresh roots applied to deaden pain so wound could be opened. Poultice of mashed leaves applied to swellings or sores. . . . . . . . Shoshone Gast-intestinal aid. Yarrow Decoction of flowers taken to relieve stomachaches or indigestion. Decoction of leaves taken for colic or dyspepsia. . . . . . . . Shoshone Orthopedic aid. Yarrow Decoction of flowers used as a liniment for muscular pains. Shoshone Toothache remedy. Yarrow Green leaves or roots used in various ways to treat toothaches. Washoe Dermatological aid. Yarrow Poultice of mashed leaves applied to swellings or sores. . . . . . Zuni Burn dressing. Yarrow Blossoms and root chewed and juice applied before fire-eating or -walking. Poultice of pulverized plant mixed with water applied to burns. . . . . . . Achillea millefolium Asteraceae Bella Coola Burn dressing. Yarrow Poultice of chewed leaves applied to burns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chehalis Antidiarrheal. Yarrow Decoction of leaves taken for the passage of blood with diarrhea. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Yarrow Leaves are astringent; used for hemorrhages and bowel complaints. Cherokee Febrifuge. Yarrow Infusion taken for fever and restful sleep. . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Yarrow Used for bowel complaints; dried leaves smoked for catarrh. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Yarrow Used for hemorrhages, spitting blood, bloody piles, bloody urine, & flooding. Cherokee Hemorrhoid remedy. Yarrow Used for hemorrhages, spitting blood, bloody piles, bloody urine, & flooding. Cherokee Hemostat. Yarrow Used for hemorrhages, spitting blood, bloody piles, bloody urine, & flooding. Cherokee Respiratory aid. Yarrow _ Used for bowel complaints; dried leaves smoked for catarrh. . . . . . . . . . . .

8

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Genera

· (81:31-33) · (81:31-33) · (81:31-33) · (81:31-33) · (81:31-33) · (81:31-33) · (81:31-33) · (81:31-33) · · · ·

(81:31-33) (81:31-33) (81:31-33) (81:31-33)

· (81:31-33) · (81:31-33) · (81:31-33) · (81:31-33) · (81:31-33) · (81:31-33) · · · · · ·

(81:31-33) (81:31-33) (81:31-33) (81:31-33) (81:31-33) (81:31-33)

· (81:31-33) · (81:31-33) · (81:31-33) · (81:31-33) · (81:31-33) (72:42) (72:42) (60:65) (34:49) (35:62) (35:62) (35:62) (35:62) (35:62) (35:62) (35:62)

Achillea

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - ~ Achillea millefolium Asteraceae

Cherokee Sedative. Yarrow Infusion taken for fever and restful sleep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Urinary aid. Yarrow Used for hemorrhages, spitting blood, bloody piles, bloody urine, & flooding. Cheyenne Analgesic. Yarrow Infusion of leaves and flowers taken for heart troubles and chest pains. Cheyenne Antiemetic. Yarrow Infusion of fresh or dried plant taken for colds, coughs and nausea. Cheyenne Cold remedy. Yarrow Infusion of fresh or dried plant taken for colds, coughs and nausea. Cheyenne Cough medicine. Yarrow Infusion of fresh or dried plant taken for colds, coughs and nausea. Cheyenne Diaphoretic. Yarrow Infusion of fresh or dried plant taken to cause perspiring. . . . . . . Cheyenne Heart medicine. Yarrow Infusion of leaves and flowers taken for heart troubles and chest pains. Cheyenne Hemostat. Yarrow Crushed leaves placed in the nose to stop bleeding. . . . . . . . . . . . . Cheyenne Respiratory aid. Yarrow Infusion of plant taken or leaves rubbed on body for respiratory diseases. Cheyenne Throat aid. Yarrow Infusion of fresh or dried plant taken for tickling of the throat. " Cheyenne Tuberculosis remedy. Yarrow Infusion of plant taken or leaves rubbed on body for tuberculosis. Chippewa Analgesic. Yarrow Decoction of leaves steamed and inhaled for headache. Chippewa Dermatological aid. Yarrow Decoction of root applied to skin "eruptions." Chippewa Herbal steam. Yarrow Decoction of leaves sprinkled on hot stones as herbal steam for headache. Chippewa Stimulant. Yarrow Dried chewed root spit on limbs as stimulant. . . . . . . . . . . Chippewa Veterinary aid. Yarrow Decoction of leaves and stalk applied as a stimulant for horses. Cowlitz Dermatological aid. Yarrow Infusion of leaves used as a hair wash. Cowlitz Gast-intestinal aid. Yarrow Decoction of roots taken for stomach troubles. Creek Toothache remedy. Yarrow Plant used to cure toothache. . . . . . . . . . . Delaware-Okl Kidney aid. Yarrow Infusion of whole plant taken for disorders of the liver and kidneys. Delaware-Okl Liv:er aid. Yarrow Infusion of whole plant taken for disorders of the liver and kidneys. Gitksan Throat aid. Yarrow Decoction of young plant or root gargled for sore throat. Gosiute Analgesic. Yarrow Infusion of plant used for biliousness and headaches. Gosiute Antirheumatic - Ext. Yarrow Poultice of plant applied for rheumatism. . . . . . . . Gosiute Antirheumatic - Ext. Yarrow, common Poultice of plant applied to joints affected by rheumatism. Gosiute Dermatological aid. Yarrow Poultice of plant applied to bruises. . . . . . . . . . . . Gosiute Gast-intestinal aid. Yarrow Infusion of plant used for biliousness and headaches. Iroquois Analgesic. Yarrow, common Infusion of roots or leaves used internally or externally for headaches. Plant chewed and poultice of leaves applied for neuralgia. Iroquois Anthelmintic. Yarrow, common Infusion of leaves given to children with worms. . . . . . . Iroquois Anticonvulsive. Yarrow, common Decoction of plants given and used as wash for babies with convulsions. Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Yarrow, common Compound decoction of plants, bark and roots taken for diarrhea. Infusion of smashed plants taken for diarrhea or fever caused by sunstroke. Iroquois Antiemetic. Yarrow, common Decoction or infusion of plants, bark and roots taken to stop vomiting. Iroquois Antirheumatic - Int. Yarrow, common Infusion of plants taken when "sore through the joints." . . . . . . . . .

Genera

(35:62) (35:62) (36:17) (36:17) (36:17) (36:17) (36:17) (36:17) (36:17) (36:17) (36:17) (36:17) (21:336) (21:350) (21:336) (21:364) (21:366) (34:49) (34:49) (75:663) . (77:29,74) . (77:29,74) (60:65) (14:360) (14:360) (14:350) (14:360) (14:360) (37:469) (37:470) (37:470) (37:470) (37:470) (37:471) (37:470) (37:470)

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9

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Achillea

Table 1: Genera -Achillea millefolium Asteraceae Iroquois Blood medicine. Yarrow, common Compound decoction of plants, roots and bark taken as a blood purifier. Iroquois Emetic. Yarrow, common Infusion of smashed plants taken as an emetic for sunstroke. Iroquois Febrifuge. Yarrow, common Infusion of leaves given to babies with any kind of sickness or fever: Infusion of smashed plants taken for diarrhea or fever caused by sunstroke. Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Yarrow, common Plant used for "summer complaint;" decoction of plants taken for cramps. Iroquois Other. Yarrow, common Misc disease remedy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Panacea. Yarrow, common Infusion of leaves given to babies with any kind of sickness or fever. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Yarrow, common Compound decoction of stems given to children with diarrhea. . .. Decoction of plants given and used as wash for babies with convulsions. Infusion of leaves given to babies with any kind of sickness or fever. Iroquois Stimulant. Yarrow, common Cold infusion given and used as wash on unconscious person who has fallen. Iroquois Venereal aid. Yarrow, common Compound decoction of plants, roots and bark taken for venereal disease. Decoction of plant tops used as wash on parts affected by gonorrhea. Karok Dermatological aid. Yarrow, common Poultice of soaked stalks and leaves applied to wounds. Klallam Cold remedy. Yarrow Decoction of leaves taken for colds. Klallam Dermatological aid. Yarrow Poultice of chewed leaves applied to sores. Klallam Gynecological aid. Yarrow Decoction of leaves taken during childbirth. Kwakiutl Antirheumatic - Ext. Yarrow Leaves used in a steambath for a person with rheumatism or general sickness. K wakiutl Cold remedy. Yarrow Poultice of leaves applied to the chest for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Yarrow Poultice of chewed leaves applied or compound rubbed on sores and swellings. Kwakiutl Gynecological aid. Yarrow Poultice of leaves applied to chest for hardened breasts after childbirth. Kwakiutl Herbal steam. Yarrow Leaves used in a steambath for a person with rheumatism or general sickness. Kwakiutl Panacea. Yarrow Leaves used in a steambath for a person with rheumatism or general sickness. Lummi Analgesic. Yarrow Decoction of flowers taken for body aches. Lummi Diaphoretic. Yarrow Decoction of flowers taken to produce sweating. Lummi Misc disease remedy. Yarrow Decoction of flowers taken to prevent mumps. Mahuna Toothache remedy. Yarrow, American Rolled leaves inserted into cavity of painful tooth. Makah Blood medicine. Yarrow Decoction of leaves taken to purify the blood. Makah Diaphoretic. Yarrow Raw leaves chewed by women to produce sweating at childbirth. Makah Gynecological aid. Yarrow Decoction of leaves taken to heal the uterus after birth. Raw leaves chewed by women to produce sweating at childbirth. Mendocino Ind Analgesic. Yarrow Infusion of leaves & flowers taken for consumption, stomachaches & headaches. Mendocino Ind Dermatological aid. Yarrow Infusion of leaves and flowers used as a wash for sprains and bruises. Mendocino Ind Eye medicine. Yarrow Infusion of leaves and flowers used as a wash for sore eyes. . . . . . . Mendocino Ind Gast-intestinal aid. Yarrow Infusion of leaves & flowers taken for consumption, stomachaches & headaches. Mendocino Ind Orthopedic aid. Yarrow Infusion of leaves and flowers used as a wash for sprains and bruises. . . . . . . Mendocino Ind Tuberculosis remedy. Yarrow Infusion of leaves & flowers taken for consumption, stomachaches & headaches.

10

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Genera

(37:470) (37:471) (37:469) (37:471) (37:470) (37:470) (37:469) (37:470) (37:470) (37:469) (37:470) (37:470) (37:471) (58:390) (34:49) (34:49) (34:49) (82:278) (82:278) (82:266) (82:278) (82:278) (82:278) (34:49) (34:49) (34:49) (55:24) (34:49) (34:49) (34:49) (34:49) (16:391) (16:391) (16:391) (16:391) (16:391) (16:391)

Achillea

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Achillea millefolium Asteraceae Menominee Dermatological aid. Yarrow Poultice of dried, powdered leaves applied to swellings and sores. . . . . . . Poultice of leaves used on children's rash; fresh tops used to rub on eczema. Menominee Febrifuge. Yarrow Infusion of leaves used to treat fevers. . . . . . . Menominee Pediatric aid. Yarrow Poultice of leaves used for "the rash of children." Micmac Cold remedy. Yarrow Herb used to treat colds; also, used for swelling, bruises, and sprains. Micmac Orthopedic aid. Yarrow Herb used to treat colds; also, used for swelling, bruises, and sprains. Mohegan Dietary aid. Yarrow Cold compound infusion taken as an appetizer and for the stomach. Mohegan Gast-intestinal aid. Yarrow Cold compound infusion taken as an appetizer and for the stomach. Compound infusion of leaves taken as a stomach aid & to improve the appetite. Mohegan Kidney aid. Yarrow Infusion of plant is taken for the liver and kidneys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Simple or compound infusion of leaves taken for liver and kidney disorders. Mohegan Liver aid. Yarrow Infusion of plant is taken for the liver and kidneys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Simple or compound infusion of leaves taken for liver and kidney disorders. Montagnais Febrifuge. Yarrow Infusion of plant used to reduce fever. . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho Dermatological aid. Milfoil, common Infusion of plant used as a wash for cuts and saddle sores. Navaho Stimulant. Milfoil, common Plant used in a "life medicine for impaired vitality." Navaho Tonic. Milfoil, common Plant used in a tonic. . . . . . . . . . . . Ojibwa Ceremonial medicine. Yarrow Florets smoked for ceremonial purposes. Ojibwa Febrifuge. Yarrow Florets placed on coals, smoke inhaled to break a fever. Okanagan Dermatological aid. ACHILLES MILLEFOLIUM Yarrow Decoction used as wash for chapped hands, pimples, rashes and insect bites. Okanagan Eye medicine. ACHILLES MILLEFOLIUM Yarrow Decoction of whole plant used as a wash for sore eyes. Okanagan Snake bite remedy. ACHILLES MILLEFOLIUM Yarrow Decoction of plant used as a wash for insect or snake bites. Okanagan Tonic. ACHILLES MILLEFOLIUM Yarrow Decoction of whole plant taken as a tonic. Paiute Analgesic. Yarrow, common Green plants smelled by old men for headaches. Paiute Cold remedy. Yarrow, common Infusion of plant taken or green plants smelled for colds. Paiute Dermatological aid. Squirrel tail Poultice of crushed leaves applied to swellings. . . . . . . Paiute Dermatological aid. Yarrow, common Decoction of leaves and stems used as a liniment for skin sores. Paiute Eye medicine. Squirrel tail Cold infusion of leaves used as a wash for sore eyes. Paiute Orthopedic aid. Squirrel tail Poultice of crushed leaves applied to sprains. Paiute Toothache remedy. Squirrel tail Leaves chewed for toothaches. . . . . . . . . . Potawatomi Stimulant. Yarrow Flowers smudged on live coals to revive comatose patient. Potawatomi Witchcraft medicine. Yarrow Flowers smudged on live coals to repel evil spirits. Quileute Antirheumatic - Ext. Yarrow Poultice of boiled leaves applied to rheumatic limbs. Quileute Febrifuge. Yarrow Poultice of boiled leaves applied to rheumatic limbs to reduce the fever. Quileute Panacea. Yarrow Decoction of leaves used as an aromatic bath for sick infants. Quileute Pediatric aid. Yarrow Decoction of leaves used as an aromatic bath for sick infants. Quinault Eye medicine. Yarrow Decoction of roots used as an eye wash. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Genera

· . (22:132) · (61:28,29) · (61:28,29) · (61:28,29) (15:53) (15:53) (76:266) (76:266) (78:75,128) · . (76:269) (78:69,128) · . (76:269) (78:69,128) (66:315) (23:79) (23:79) (23:79) (63:362) (63:362) (48:40) (48:40) (48:40) (48:40) (73:317) (73:317) (42:196) (73:317) (42:197) (42:196) (42:197) · (64:47,48) · (64:47,48) (34:49) (34:49) (34:49) (34:49) (34:49)

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11

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Achillea

Table 1: Genera -Achillea millefolium Asteraceae

Quinault Tonic. Yarrow Decoction of roots taken as a general tonic. Quinault Tuberculosis remedy. Yarrow Decoction of roots taken for tuberculosis. S Carrier Cold remedy. Yarrow Decoction of entire plant, except roots, taken for colds. S Carrier Dermatological aid. Yarrow Poultice of chewed leaves applied to sprains and swellings. S Carrier Orthopedic aid. Yarrow Poultice of chewed leaves applied to sprains and swellings. Salishan Eye medicine. Yarrow Decoction of plants used for sore eyes. . . . . . . . . . . Sanpoil Abortifacient. Yarrow, western Decoction of stems and leaves used to cause abortion. . Sanpoil Cold remedy. Yarrow, western Decoction of root boiled until dark in color, taken while warm for colds. . Shuswap Blood medicine. Yarrow Decoction of flowers and roots taken as a blood purifier. Shuswap Dermatological aid. Yarrow Infusion of leaves taken for poison ivy. Skagit Antidiarrheal. Yarrow Decoction of leaves taken for diarrhea. Snohomish Antidiarrheal. Yarrow Decoction of leaves taken for diarrhea. Squaxin Dermatological aid. Yarrow Poultice of chewed leaves applied to sores. Squaxin Gast-intestinal aid. Yarrow Decoction of roots taken for stomach troubles. Swinomish Other. Yarrow Plant used as a bath for invalids. . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. ACHILLES MILLEFOLIUM Yarrow Decoction of plant as wash for chapped hands, pimples, rashes & insect bites. Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Yarrow Infusion of plant as wash or powdered stem & leaf applied for skin problems. Thompson Ind Eye medicine. ACHILLES MILLEFOLIUM Yarrow Decoction of whole plant used as a wash for sore eyes. Thompson Ind Eye medicine. Yarrow Decoction of whole plant used as a wash for sore eyes. Thompson Ind Snake bite remedy. ACHILLES MILLEFOLIUM Yarrow Decoction of plant used as a wash for insect or snake bites. Thompson Ind Snake bite remedy. Yarrow Decoction of whole plant used as a wash for snake bites. Thompson Ind Tonic. ACHILLES MILLEFOLIUM Yarrow Decoction of whole plant taken as a tonic. . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Tonic. Yarrow Decoction of whole plant taken as a tonic "for slight indisposition." Winnebago Dermatological aid. Yarrow Infusion of herb used as.a wash for swellings. . . . . . . . Winnebago Ear medicine. Yarrow Wad of leaves or infusion put into ear to relieve earache. Yuki Cold remedy. Yarrow Infusion of leaves and flowers taken for cold in the chest. Yuki Respiratory aid. Yarrow Infusion of leaves and flowers taken for cold in the chest. Achlys triphylla Berberidaceae Cowlitz Tuberculosis remedy. Vanilla leaf Infusion of leaves taken for tuberculosis. Lummi Dermatological aid. Vanilla leaf Decoction of leaves used as a hair wash. Lummi Emetic. Vanilla leaf Infusion of smashed plants taken as an emetic. Skagit Dermatological aid. Vanilla leaf Decoction of leaves used as a hair wash. Skagit Tuberculosis remedy. Vanilla leaf Infusion of leaves taken for tuberculosis. Aconitum delphznifolium Ranunculaceae Salishan Unspecified. Plant used as a medicine. . .....................................

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Genera

(34:49) (34:49) (60:65) (60:65) (60:65) (80:293) (51:218) (51:218) (47:58) (47:56) (34:49) (34:49) (34:49) (34:49) (34:49) (48:40) (71:460) (48:40) (71:460) (48:40) (71:460) (48:40) (71:460) (30:134) (30:134) (18:47) (18:47) (34:31) (34:31) (34:31) (34:31) (34:31) (80:294)

Aconitum

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Aconitum heterophyllum Ranunculaceae Cree Poison. Plant is poisonous. Aconitum maximum Ranunculaceae Aleut Poison. Monkshood Plant possibly used at one time as a poison. Aconitum Bp. Ranunculaceae Gosiute Poison. ACONITUM FISCHERI Monkshood Plant is poisonous. Ac0TU8 calamus Araceae Cherokee Analgesic. Sweetflag Root chewed for colds, headache, and sore throat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Anthelmintic. Sweetflag For flatulent colic, ''white swelling," worms, yellowish urine, and "dropsy." Cherokee Anticonvulsive. Sweetflag Infusion given to "prevent recurrent spasms." Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Sweetfiag Root chewed and juice swallowed for diarrhea. Cherokee Carminative. Sweetflag For flatulent colic, "white swelling," worms, yellowish urine, and "dropsy." Cherokee Cold remedy. Sweetflag Root variously chewed or used in infusion for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Dermatological aid. Sweetflag For flatulent colic, ''white swelling," worms, yellowish urine, and "dropsy." Cherokee Diaphoretic. Sweetflag Used as diuretic and diaphoretic; also, root chewed for headache. Cherokee Diuretic. Sweetflag Used as diuretic and diaphoretic; also, root chewed for headache. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Sweetflag "Possesses stimulant and stomachic virtues;" also, good for "gravel." Cherokee Kidney aid. Sweetflag For flatulent colic, "white swelling," worms, yellowish urine, and "dropsy." Cherokee Stimulant. Sweetflag "Possesses stimulant and stomachic virtues;" also, good for "gravel." Cherokee Throat aid. Sweetflag Root chewed for colds, headache, and sore throat. . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Urinary aid. Sweetflag For flatulent colic, "white swelling," worms, yellowish urine, and "gravel." Cheyenne Analgesic. Sweetflag Plant smoked for headaches. . . . . . . . . . . . Cheyenne Analgesic. Decoction of root taken for pain in the bowels. Infusion of roots taken for bowel pain. Cheyenne Ceremonial medicine. Sweetflag Plant used in a ceremony in the sweat lodge. Cheyenne Cold remedy. Sweetflag Plant smoked or infusion of roots taken for colds. Cheyenne Diuretic. Sweet flag Infusion of roots taken as a laxative and diuretic. Cheyenne Gast-intestinal aid. Decoction of root taken for bowel pain. Infusion of roots taken for bowel pain. Cheyenne Laxative. Sweetflag Infusion of roots taken as a laxative and diuretic. Cheyenne Panacea. Chewed root rubbed on skin to treat any illness. Root chewed and rubbed on the skin for any illness. Cheyenne Pediatric aid. Bit of root tied to child's clothing to keep the night spirits away. Root tied to child's dress or blanket to keep away the night spirits. Cheyenne Witchcraft medicine. Sweetflag Plant used to ward off ghosts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cheyenne Witchcraft medicine. Bit of root tied to clothes to keep night spirits away from children. Root tied to child's dress or blanket to keep away the night spirits. Chippewa Cathartic. Calamus Warm infusion of root taken as a physic by children and adults. .. Chippewa Cold remedy. Calamus Decoction of root taken or snuff of pulverized root used as cold remedy. Chippewa Cold remedy. Sweetflag Infusion of plants taken for colds, coughs and bronchial troubles.

Genera

(40:303) (1:428) (14:360) (35:28) (35:28) (35:28) (35:28) (35:28) (35:28) (35:28) (35:28) (35:28) (35:28) (35:28) (35:28) (35:28) (35:28) · (36:7) (32:42) (33:171) (36:7) (36:7) (36:7) (32:42) (33:171) · (36:7) (32:42) (33:171) (32:42) (33:171) · (36:7) (32:42) (33:171) (21:344) (21:340) (31:124)

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13

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Acarus

Table 1: Genera -Acorus calamus Araceae Chippewa Cough medicine. Sweetfiag Infusion of plants taken for colds, coughs and bronchial troubles. Chippewa Pediatric aid. Calamus Decoction of root taken and dried root chewed for children's toothache. Decoction of root used as children's gargle for sore throat. Infusion of root taken as a physic by children and adults. Chippewa Respiratory aid. Sweetfiag Infusion of plants taken for colds, coughs and bronchial troubles. Chippewa Throat aid. Calamus Decoction of root gargled by children; root chewed by adults for sore throat .. Chippewa Toothache remedy. Calamus Decoction of root taken or root chewed for toothache, especially children's. Cree Hallucinogen. Flag root Root chewed for its hallucinogenic effects. . . . . . . Cree Stimulant. Flag root Root chewed for its medicinal and stimulant effects. Cree Unspecified. Flag root Root chewed for its medicinal and stimulant effects. Dakota Carminative. Sweetfiag Plant used as a carminative; also, decoction taken for fever. Dakota Carminative. Dried roots taken as a carminative. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dakota Ceremonial medicine. Sweetfiag Blades of grass used as garlands in mystery ceremonies. Dakota Cold remedy. Sweetflag Rootstock chewed, decoction taken, or smoke treatment used for colds. Dakota Cough medicine. Sweetflag Rootstock chewed as a cough remedy. Dakota Febrifuge. Sweetflag Decoction of plant taken for fever. Dakota Gast-intestinal aid. Sweetflag Infusion of pounded rootstock taken for colic. Dakota Panacea. Sweetflag Rootstock regarded as a panacea. . . . . . . . Dakota Psychological aid. Sweetfiag Paste of rootstock rubbed on warrior's face to prevent excitement and fear. Dakota Toothache remedy. Sweetfiag Rootstock chewed to relieve toothache. ................ . Delaware-Okl Abortifacient. Sweetflag Compound containing root taken for colds and suppressed menses. Delaware-Okl Analgesic. Sweetfiag Compound containing root used for stomachache and intestinal pains. Delaware-Okl Cold remedy. Sweetflag Compound containing root taken for colds and suppressed menses. Delaware-Okl Cough medicine. Sweetfiag Infusion of root taken for coughs, colds, and suppressed menses. Delaware-Ont Cold remedy. Sweetfiag Infusion of scraped root taken for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fox Analgesic. Sweetfiag Decoction of root taken for "a cramp expected in the stomach." Fox Burn dressing. Sweetflag Compound used as a cure for burns. Fox Cathartic. Sweetflag Plant used as a physic. ....... . Fox Cough medicine. Sweetflag Decoction of root taken by one afflicted with tuberculosis or with a cough. Fox Gast-intestinal aid. Sweetfiag Decoction of root taken for "a cramp expected in the stomach." . . . . . . Fox Tuberculosis remedy. Sweetfiag Decoction of root taken by one afflicted with tuberculosis or with a cough. Iroquois Anthelmintic. Sweetflag Compound infusion of roots taken as a blood remedy and for tape worms. Iroquois Blood medicine. Sweetfiag Compound infusion of roots taken as a blood remedy and for tape worms. Iroquois Cold remedy. Sweetflag Used for colds & sore throats from colds or singing. No preparation given. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Sweetflag Compound decoction taken for "boils around the abdomen of children." Iroquois Ear medicine. Sweetfiag Decoction of roots used as drops in ear for earache. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Genera

(31:124) (21:342) (21:342) (21:344) (31:124) (21:342) (21:342) (59:331) (59:331) (59:331) · (30:69,70) · . (29:359) · (30:69,70) · (30:69,70) · (30:69,70) · (30:69,70) · (30:69,70) · (30:69,70) · (30:69,70) · (30:69,70) · (77:31,74) · (77:31,74) · (77:31,74) ..

(77:31)

· (77:68,32) · . (62:202) (62:201,202) (62:201,202) (62:202) (62:202) (62:202) (37:279) (37:279) (37:279) (37:278) (37:279)

Acorus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Araceae Iroquois Emetic. Sweetfiag Compound decoction of plant taken as an emetic by women with epilepsy. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Sweetfiag Compound decoction taken for "boils around the abdomen of children." Iroquois Throat aid. Sweetfiag Decoction of roots used as gargle for sore throat. . . . . . . . Iroquois Toothache remedy. Sweetfiag Pack root into hole of tooth which aches; tooth will break up. Smoke roots and suck smoke into hollow tooth to relieve toothache. Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Sweetfiag Used for the detection of bewitchment. No preparation or application given. Menominee Abortifacient. Sweetfiag Compound decoction of root used as a remedy for irregular periods. Menominee Analgesic. Sweetfiag Root used to cure stomach cramps; a very powerful remedy. Menominee Cathartic. Sweetfiag Root used as a "good physic for the whole system, clearing the bile and all." Menominee Cold remedy. Sweetfiag Root chewed or decoction of root used as cold remedy. Menominee Gast-intestinal aid. Sweetfiag Root used to cure cramps in the stomach. . . . . . . . . Micmac Cold remedy. Calamus Root used for colds & coughs; also, for lung ailments, pneumonia, & pleurisy. Micmac Cough medicine. Calamus Root used for colds & coughs; also, for lung ailments, pneumonia, & pleurisy. Micmac Mise disease remedy. Calamus Root used to treat cholera, smallpox, and other epidemics. . . . . . . . . . Micmac Panacea. Calamus Root & herb used for the prevention of disease in general, & root for cure. Micmac Panacea. Sweetfiag Plant used as a panacea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Micmac Pulmonary aid. Calamus Root used for colds & coughs; also, for lung ailments, pneumonia, & pleurisy. Mohegan Abortifacient. Sweetflag Infusion of root taken for suppressed menses. . . . . Mohegan Analgesic. Sweetfiag Infusion of root taken for colds and stomach pains. Mohegan Antirheumatic - Int. Sweetfiag Small pieces of root used to treat rheumatism. . .. Mohegan Cold remedy. Sweetfiag Infusion of root taken for colds and stomach pains. Mohegan Panacea. Sweetfiag Root chewed to insure good health; root carried to "ward off sickness." Mohegan Tonic. Sweetfiag Complex compound infusion including sweetflag root taken as spring tonic. Nanticoke Cold remedy. Calamus Infusion of root given for infants' colds. Nanticoke Gast-intestinal aid. Sweetfiag Root used as colic medicine. . . . . . . Nanticoke Pediatric aid. Calamus Infusion of root given for infants' colds. Ojibwa Analgesic. Sweetfiag Root used to cure a cramp in the stomach. Ojibwa Cathartic. Sweetflag Root used as a quick acting physic. .. Ojibwa Cold remedy. Sweetflag Root used to cure a cold in the throat. Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. Sweetfiag Root used to cure stomach cramps. .. Ojibwa Throat aid. Sweetfiag Root used to cure "a cold in the throat." Omaha Carminative. Sweetflag Plant used as a carminative; also, decoction taken for fever. Omaha Carminative. Plant used as a carminative. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Omaha Ceremonial medicine. Sweetfiag Blades of grass used as garlands in mystery ceremonies. Omaha Cold remedy. Sweetfiag Rootstock chewed, decoction taken, or smoke treatment used for colds.

Acorus calamUIJ

Genera

(37:278) (37:278) (37:279) (37:278) (37:278) (37:278) (22:133) · (61:22,23) · (61:22,23) · . (22:130) · (61:22,23) · (15:53,54) · (15:53,54) · (15:53,54) · (15:53,54) · . (66:316) · (15:53,54) (78:69,128) (78:69,128) · . (78:128) (78:69,128) (78:69,128) (76:266) (77:55) · (77:55,84) (77:55) (63:355) (63:355) (63:355) (63:355) (63:355) · (30:69,70) · . (28:334) · (30:69,70) · (30:69,70)

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15

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Acarus

Table 1: Genera - Acorus calamus Araceae Omaha Cough medicine. Sweetfiag Rootstock chewed as a cough remedy. Omaha Febrifuge. Sweetfiag Decoction of plant taken for fever. Omaha Gast-intestinal aid. Sweetfiag Infusion of pounded rootstock taken for colic. Root chewed for stomach disorders. Omaha Panacea. Sweetfiag Rootstock regarded as a panacea. Omaha Tonic. Rootstock chewed as a tonic. . .. Omaha Toothache remedy. Sweetfiag Rootstock chewed to relieve toothache. Omaha Veterinary aid. Sweetfiag Plant put into the feed of ailing horses. Pawnee Carminative. Sweetfiag Plant used as a carminative; also, decoction taken for fever. Pawnee Ceremonial medicine. Sweetfiag Blades of grass used as garlands in mystery ceremonies. Pawnee Cold remedy. Sweetfiag Rootstock chewed, decoction taken, or smoke treatment used for colds. Pawnee Cough medicine. Sweetfiag Rootstock chewed as a cough remedy. Pawnee Febrifuge. Sweetfiag Decoction of plant taken for fever. Pawnee Gast-intestinal aid. Sweetfiag Infusion of pounded rootstock taken for colic. Pawnee Panacea. Sweetfiag Rootstock regarded as a panacea. ... Pawnee Toothache remedy. Sweetfiag Rootstock chewed to relieve toothache. Ponca Carminative. Sweetfiag Plant used as a carminative; also, decoction taken for fever. Ponca Ceremonial medicine. Sweetfiag Blades of grass used as garlands in mystery ceremonies. Ponca Cold remedy. Sweetfiag Rootstock chewed, decoction taken, or smoke treatment used for colds. Ponca Cough medicine. Sweetfiag Rootstock chewed as a cough remedy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ponca Febrifuge. Sweetfiag Plant used as a carminative; also, decoction taken for fever. Ponca Gast-intestinal aid. Sweetfiag Infusion of pounded rootstock taken for colic. Ponca Panacea. Sweetfiag Rootstock regarded as a panacea. ... Ponca Toothache remedy. Sweetfiag Rootstock chewed to relieve toothache. Potawatomi Antihemorrhagic. Sweetfiag Compound decoction of root taken for hemorrhage; small amount of root used. Potawatomi Respiratory aid. Sweetfiag Powdered root snuffed up nose to cure catarrh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rappahannock Gast-intestinal aid. Calamus Chewed plant juice taken by older people for the stomach and as a tonic. Infusion given to children & babies for fretfulness, pains & stomach cramps. Rappahannock Pediatric aid. Calamus Infusion given to children & babies for fretfulness, pains & stomach cramps. Rappahannock Sedative. Calamus Infusion given to children & babies for fretfulness, pains & stomach cramps. Rappahannock Tonic. Calamus Chewed plant juice taken by older people for the stomach and as a tonic. Shinnecock Blood medicine. Sweetfiag Root nibbled ''to dry your blood." . . . . . . . . . . . . Shinnecock Oral aid. Sweetfiag Root dried, cooked in sugar, and eaten for the breath. Sioux-Ft.Peck Abortifacient. Calamus root Used to cause abortion; also, root chewed and swallowed as a "cure-all." Sioux-Ft. Peck Panacea. Calamus root Used to cause abortion; also, root chewed and swallowed as a "cure-all." Winnebago Carminative. Sweetfiag Plant used as a carminative; also, decoction taken for fever. ...... .

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Genera

· (30:69,70) · (30:69,70) · (30:69,70) · . (25:584) · (30:69,70) · . (28:334) · (30:69,70) · . (25:584) · (30:69,70) · (30:69,70) · (30:69,70) · (30:69,70) · (30:69,70) · (30:69,70) · (30:69,70) · (30:69,70) · (30:69,70) · (30:69,70) · (30:69,70) · (30:69,70) · (30:69,70) · (30:69,70) · (30:69,70) · (30:69,70) · (64:39,40) · (64:39,40) (69:29) (69:30) (69:30) (69:30) (69:29) . (11:118) (11:118) (3:5) (3:5) · (30:69,70)

Acorus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Acarus calamus Araceae Winnebago Ceremonial medicine. Sweetfiag Blades of grass used as garlands in mystery ceremonies. . . . . . . . . . Winnebago Cold remedy. Sweetfiag Rootstock chewed, decoction taken, or smoke treatment used for colds. Winnebago Cough medicine. Sweetfiag Rootstock chewed as a cough remedy. Winnebago Febrifuge. Sweetfiag Decoction of plant taken for fever. Winnebago Gast-intestinal aid. Sweetfiag Infusion of pounded rootstock taken fol' colic. Winnebago Panacea. Sweetfiag Rootstock regarded as a panacea. . . . . . . . Winnebago Tonic. Sweetfiag Complex compound injected via bird wing bone for general health. Winnebago Toothache remedy. Sweetfiag Rootstock chewed to relieve toothache. ................ . Actaea arguta Ranunculaceae Blackfeet Cold remedy. Baneberry, red Decoction of root used for colds and coughs. Blackfeet Cough medicine. Baneberry, red Decoction of root used for coughs and colds. Cheyenne Blood medicine. Infusion of dried roots and stems taken as a blood medicine. Cheyenne Gynecological aid. Infusion of dried roots and stems taken by women after childbirth. Simple or compound decoction of plant taken to increase maternal milk fiow. Quileute Dermatological aid. Baneberry Poultice of chewed leaves applied to boils. .. Quinault Dermatological aid. Baneberry Poultice of chewed leaves applied to wounds. Actaea pachypoda Ranunculaceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Dol1's eyes Infusion of root used as gargle; also, used to cure itch. . . . . . . Cherokee Stimulant. Dol1's eyes Infusion given "to relieve and rally a patient at point of death." Cherokee Throat aid. Dol1's eyes Infusion of root used as gargle; also, used to cure itch. Cherokee Toothache remedy. Dol1's eyes "Will kill teeth of young people if not careful with it." Chippewa Anticonvulsive. ACTAEA ALBA Baneberry, white Decoction of roots taken by children and adults for convulsions. Chippewa Pediatric aid. ACTAEA ALBA Baneberry, white Decoction of roots taken by children and adults for convulsions. Fox Analgesic. ACTAEA ALBA Baneberry, white Decoction of root taken to relieve the pain of childbirth. Fox Gynecological aid. ACTAEA ALBA Baneberry, white Decoction of root taken to relieve the pain of childbirth. Fox Stimulant. ACTAEA ALBA Baneberry, white Root used to revive and ral1y a patient at the point of death. Fox Urinary aid. ACTAEA ALBA Baneberry, white Used as a genito-urinary remedy for men and women. Iroquois Urinary aid. ACTAEA ALBA Baneberry, white Decoction of roots taken when "a man urinates blood." Actaea rubra Ranunculaceae Algonquian Ind Analgesic. Baneberry, red Used for stomach pains, in some seasons for males, other seasons for females. Blackfeet Cold remedy. ACTAEA EBURNEA Baneberry, white Decoction of root used for colds and coughs. . . . . . . . . . Blackfeet Cough medicine. ACTAEA EBURNEA Baneberry, white Decoction of root used for coughs and colds. Cheyenne Ceremonial medicine. Baneberry Roots used in ceremonies. . . . . . . . Cheyenne Dermatological aid. Baneberry Roots used for sores. . . . . . . . . . . Cheyenne Dietary aid. Baneberry Decoction of roots taken to improve the appetite. Cheyenne Gynecological aid. . Infusion of stems taken by pregnant & nursing mothers to increase milk flow. Chippewa Gynecological aid. Baneberry, red Decoction of root taken for excessive flowing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Genera

· (30:69,70) · (30:69,70) · (30:69,70) · (30:69,70) · (30:69,70) · (30:69,70) · . (50:265) · (30:69,70) (45:275) (45:275) (33:174) (33:174) (32:41) (34:30) (34:30) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (31:130) (31:130) (62:237,238) (62:237,238) (62:237,238) (62:237,238) (37:321) (6:142) (45:275) (45:275) (36:33) (36:33) (36:33) (36:22) (21:358)

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17

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Actaea

Table 1: Genera -Actaea rubra Ranunculaceae Cree Cathartic. ACTAEA SPICATA Plant used as a purgative. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Antihemorrhagic. ACTAEA SPICATA Baneberry, red Compound decoction with roots taken for internal hemmorhage. Iroquois Antirheumatic - Ext. ACTAEA SPICATA Baneberry, red Infusion of roots used as a wash for rheumatism. . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Psychological aid. ACTAEA SPICATA Baneberry, red Taken and sprinkled on head to give ''young men the right sense." Iroquois Veterinary aid. ACTAEA SPICATA Baneberry, red Infusion of roots given to dogs "when the dog won't hunt anymore." Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. Baneberry, red Root eaten by men for stomach troubles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ojibwa Gynecological aid. Baneberry, red Infusion of root taken after childbirth "to clear up the system." Okanagan Antirheumatic - Int. ACTAEA ARGUTA t Baneberry Decoction of roots taken for rheumatism. Okanagan Dietary aid. ACTAEA ARGUTA t Baneberry Decoction of roots taken for emaciation . . . . . . . . . . . . Potawatomi Gynecological aid. Baneberry, red Infusion of root given "to purge the patient of afterbirth." S Ojibwa Analgesic. Baneberry, red Decoction of root taken for stomach pain caused by having "swallowed hair." S Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. Baneberry, red Decoction of root taken for stomach pain caused by having "swallowed hair." Thompson Ind Antirheumatic - Int. ACTAEA ARGUTA t Baneberry Decoction of roots taken for rheumatism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Antirheumatic - Int. ACTAEA ARGUTA & EBURNEA Baneberry Decoction of root taken as a remedy for rheumatism. . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Dietary aid. ACTAEA ARGUTA t Baneberry Decoction of roots taken for emaciation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Dietary aid. ACTAEA ARGUTA & EBURNEA Baneberry Decoction of roots taken as a cure for emaciation. . . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Poison. ACTAEA ARGUTA & EBURNEA Baneberry, western red Decoction of roots considered poisonous if taken in large quantities. Thompson Ind Venereal aid. ACTAEA ARGUTA & EBURNEA Baneberry Decoction of root taken as a remedy for syphilis. . . . . . . . . . . . Adenocaulon bicolor Asteraceae Cowlitz Dermatological aid. Silver green Poultice of leaves applied to boils. . Squaxin Dermatological aid. Silvergreen Poultice of leaves applied to scrofula sores. Squaxin Tuberculosis remedy. Silvergreen Poultice of leaves applied to scrofula sores. Adenostoma fasiculatum Rosaceae Coahuilla Veterinary aid. Drink prepared from plant given to sick cows. Adenostoma sparsifolium Rosaceae Coahuilla Analgesic. Greasewood Infusion of twigs taken for pain in the stomach or intestines. Coahuilla Cathartic. Greasewood Infusion of twigs used "to produce vomit and bowel relief." Coahuilla Dermatological aid. Greasewood Pulverized twigs mixed with grease used as a salve. . . . . . Coahuilla Emetic. Greasewood Infusion of twigs used "to produce vomit and bowel relief." Coahuilla Gast-intestinal aid. Greasewood Infusion of twigs taken for pain in the stomach or intestines. Adiantum capillus-veneris Polypodiaceae Mahuna Antirheumatic - Int. Fern, maidenhair Plant used for rheumatism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Infusion of plant used as a lotion for bumblebee or centipede stings. Navaho-Kayenta Psychological aid. Plant smoked or infusion of plant used for insanity. . . . . . . . . . . Adiantum iordanii Polypodiaceae Costanoan Analgesic. ADIANTUM JORDANI Decoction of plant used for "pain below the shoulders." Costanoan Blood medicine. ADIANTUM JORDANI Decoction of plant used to purify the blood. . . . . . .

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Genera

· (40:303) · (37:321) · (37:321) · (37:321) · (37:321) (63:382) (63:382) (48:41) (48:41) (64:74) (39:201) · (39:201) (48:41) (71:463) (48:41) (71:463) (71:512) (71:463) (34:48) (34:48) (34:48) .. (2:79) (2:77,78) (2:77,78) (2:77,78) (2:77,78) (2:77,78) (55:60) (91:14) (91:14) (5:4) (5:4)

Adiantum

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Adiantum jordanii Polypodiaceae Costanoan Gast-intestinal aid. ADIANTUM JORDANI Decoction of plant used for stomach troubles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Costanoan Gynecological aid. ADIANTUM JORDANI Decoction of plant used to expel the afterbirth and for postparturition. Adiantum pedatum Polypodiaceae Cherokee Antirheumatic - Ext. Fern, maidenhair Compound decoction of root applied with warm hands for rheumatism. Decoction of roots rubbed on area affected by rheumatism. . . . . . . . Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Fern, maidenhair Infusion taken for rheumatism; powdered~ leaves smoked for heart trouble. Cherokee Emetic. Fern, maidenhair Decoction of whole plant used as an emetic in cases of ague and fever. Infusion of whole plant given as an emetic "in case of ague and fever." Cherokee Febrifuge. Fern, maidenhair Decoction of whole plant used as an emetic in cases of ague and fever. Infusion of whole plant is blown over head and chest of patient for fever. Cherokee Heart medicine. Fern, maidenhair Infusion taken for rheumatism; powdered leaves smoked for heart trouble. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Fern, maidenhair Decoction of whole plant used as an emetic in cases of ague and fever. Infusion of whole plant given as an emetic "in case of ague and fever." Cherokee Other. Fern, maidenhair Given for "sudden paralytic attacks as in bad pneumonia of children." Cherokee Pediatric aid. Fern, maidenhair Given for "sudden paralytic attacks as in bad pneumonia of children." Cherokee Respiratory aid. Fern, maidenhair Powdered plant is "snuffed" and smoked for asthma. . . . . . . . . . . Costanoan Blood medicine. Decoction of plant used for stomach troubles and to purify the blood. Costanoan Gast-intestinal aid. Decoction of plant used for stomach troubles and to purify the blood. Fox Pediatric aid. Fern, maidenhair Compound containing root and stems used to cure children who "turn black." Iroquois Analgesic. Fern, maidenhair Decoction of plant for cramps in children and used as a wash for gonorrhea. Iroquois Antirheumatic - Ext. Fern, maidenhair Compound decoction of green roots taken or used as foot soak for rheumatism. Iroquois Antirheumatic - Int. Fern, maidenhair Compound decoction of green roots taken or used as foot soak for rheumatism. Iroquois Diuretic. Fern, maidenhair Decoction of roots taken for the cessation of urine due to gall. Iroquois Emetic. Fern, maidenhair Infusion of plant induces vomiting as a remedy for love medicine. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Fern, maidenhair Compound decoction or infusion of roots taken for excessive menstruation. Decoction of roots for "ladies to get period, cleans out," or for abortions. Plant used for abortal pains and pain when about to deliver. . Iroquois Liver aid. Fern, maidenhair Decoction of roots taken for the cessation of urine due to gall. Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Fern, maidenhair Poultice of smashed plant applied to sore back of babies. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Fern, maidenhair Decoction of plant for cramps in children and used as a wash for gonorrhea. Poultice of smashed plant applied to sore back of babies. Iroquois Snake bite remedy. Fern, maidenhair Poultice of wet, smashed fronds bound to snake bites. Iroquois Venereal aid. Fern, maidenhair Decoction of plant for cramps in children and used as a wash for gonorrhea. Decoction of root taken for venereal disease and as a wash for sores. Lummi Dermatological aid. Fern, maidenhair Infusion of leaves used as a wash for hair. . . . . . . . . Makah Antihemorrhagic. Fern, maidenhair Leaves chewed for internal hemorrhages from wounds. Makah Dermatological aid. Fern, maidenhair Infusion of leaves used as a wash for hair. . . . . . . Makah Gast-intestinal aid. Fern, maidenhair Leaves chewed for sore chest and stomach troubles. Menominee Antidiarrheal. Fern, maidenhair Compound decoction of root used as a remedy for dysentery.

Genera

(5:4) (5:4) (35:8) (79:3) (35:34) (90:74) (35:34) (90:74) (35:34) (35:34) (90:74) (35:34) (35:34) (35:34) (35:34) (5:5) (5:5) (62:237) (37:258) (37:258) (37:258) (37:258) (37:258) (37:258) (37:258) (37:258) (37:258) (37:257) (37:258) (37:257) (37:258) (37:258) (37:258) (34:14) (34:14) (34:14) (34:14) (22:131)

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19

Adiantum

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Adiantum pedatum Polypodiaceae Menominee Gynecological aid. Fern, maidenhair Blades, stem, and root used to treat "female maladies." Micmac Anticonvulsive. Maidenhair Herb used to treat fits; also, taken as an "agreeable decoction." Micmac Other. Maidenhair Herb used to treat fits; also, taken as an "agreeable decoction." Potawatomi Gynecological aid. Fern, maidenhair Infusion of root taken by nursing mothers for caked breast. Skokomish Dermatological aid. Fern, maidenhair Infusion of leaves used as a wash for hair. . . . . . . . . . . . Aesculus ca1ifornica Hippocastanaceae Costanoan Hemorrhoid remedy. Smashed fruit applied as a salve for hemorrhoids. Costanoan Poison. Fruit used as a fish poison. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Costanoan Toothache remedy. Decoction of bark used for toothaches and loose teeth. Kawaiisu Hemorrhoid remedy. Buckeye, California Broken seeds used as suppositories for piles. Kawaiisu Poison. Buckeye, California Raw seeds are poisonous, if eaten . . Mendocino Ind Poison. Horse chestnut Fresh fruit is poisonous. . . . . . . . Mendocino Ind Toothache remedy. Horse chestnut Bark placed in cavity of tooth for toothaches. Mendocino Ind Veterinary aid. Horse chestnut Fruit given to horses for bot worms; apt to cause an abortion in cows. Pomo Poison. Buckeye Nuts used as poison. Aesculus glabra Hippocastanaceae Delaware-Okl Ear medicine. Chestnut Poultice of pulverized nuts with sweet oil applied for earache. . . . . . . . . Delaware-Okl Poison. Chestnut Pulverized nuts used as fish poison; called "fish peyote," makes them dizzy. Aesculus hippocastanum Hippocastanaceae Iroquois Analgesic. Horse chestnut, common Compound of powdered roots used for pains in the chest. No preparation given. Iroquois Pulmonary aid. Horse chestnut, common Compound of powdered roots used for pains in the chest. No preparation given. Mohegan Antirheumatic - Ext. Horse chestnut Horse chestnut carried in the pocket for rheumatism. Shinnecock Antirheumatic - Ext. Horse chestnut Horse chestnut carried in the pocket for rheumatism. Aesculus pavia Hippocastanaceae Cherokee Antirheumatic - Ext. Buckeye, red Nut of plant carried in pocket for rheumatism and good luck. Cherokee Cancer treatment. Buckeye, red Pounded nuts of plant used as poultice for tumors and infections. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Buckeye, red Pounded nuts of plant as poultice for tumors & infections;as salve for sores. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Buckeye, red Infusion of roots taken and used as a bath for dyspepsia. Nuts of plant used in various ways to treat dyspepsia and colic. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Buckeye, red Cold compound infusion given to stop bleeding after delivery. Infusion of bark and cold compound infusion of bark used in delivery. Cherokee Hemorrhoid remedy. Buckeye, red Nut of plant carried in pocket for piles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Orthopedic aid. Buckeye, red Pounded nuts of plant used as poultice for "white swelling" and sprains. Cherokee Stimulant. Buckeye, red Infusion of ground nut meat taken to prevent fainting. . . . . . . . . . . . Aesculus sargentii Hippocastanaceae Kiowa Emetic. AESCULUS ARGUTA Buckeye, fetid Infusion of the inside of fruit taken as an emetic. Aesculus sp. Hippocastanaceae Cherokee Other. Pounded roots strewed on water to "intoxicate fishes." Cherokee Unspecified. Buckeye Pounded nuts of plant used in poultices. . . . . . . . . .

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Genera

(61:47) (15:54) (15:54) (64:73) (34:14) (5:23) (5:23) (5:23) (92:10) (92:10) (16:366) (16:366) (16:366) (27:14) . (77:25,74) . (77:25,74) (37:379) (37:379) (11:121) (11:121) (35:27) (35:27) (35:27) (79:39) (35:27) (35:27) (35:27) (35:27) (35:27) (35:27) (85:41) (90:75) (90:74)

Aesculus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Hippocastanaceae Creek Tuberculosis remedy. Buckeye Roots used for pulmonary consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roots used in cases of "pulmonary consumption;" a very strong medicine. Koasati Throat aid. Buckeye Poultice of heated beans applied to the throat for tonsil troubles. Agastache foeniculum Lamiaceae Cheyenne Analgesic. AGASTACHE ANETHIODORA Mint, elk Cold infusion of leaves taken for chest pains caused by coughing. Cheyenne Cold remedy. Hyssop, giant Infusion of leaves taken for colds. . . . . . . . . . Cheyenne Diaphoretic. Hyssop, giant Leaves used in a steambath to induce sweating. Cheyenne Febrifuge. Hyssop, giant Powdered leaves rubbed on the body for high fevers. Cheyenne Heart medicine. AGASTACHE ANETHIODORA Mint, elk Cold infusion of leaves taken for a weak heart. . . . . . . . Cheyenne Heart medicine. AGASTACHE ANETHIODORA Cold infusion of leaves taken for chest pain or weak heart. Cheyenne Heart medicine. Hyssop, giant Infusion of leaves taken to correct disspirited heart. Cheyenne Herbal steam. Hyssop, giant Leaves used in a steambath to induce sweating. Cheyenne Pulmonary aid. AGASTACHE ANETHIODORA Mint, elk Cold infusion of leaves taken for chest pains caused by coughing. Cheyenne Pulmonary aid. AGASTACHE ANETHIODORA Cold infusion of leaves taken for chest pain or weak heart. Cheyenne Unspecified. Hyssop, giant Infusion of leaves taken for its medicinal qualities. . . . . . Chippewa Analgesic. AGASTACHE ANETHIODORA Hyssop, giant Infusion of root taken for cold and chest pain. . . . . . . . . Chippewa Burn dressing. AGASTACHE ANETHIODORA Hyssop, giant Simple or compound poultice of leaves or stalk applied to burns. Chippewa Cough medicine. AGASTACHE ANETHIODORA Hyssop, giant Infusion of root taken for cough of "an internal cold." . . . . . . . Agastache nepetoides Lamiaceae Iroquois Dermatological aid. Hyssop, giant . ........ Compound infusion of plants used as wash for poison ivy and itch. Agastache pallidiflora Lamiaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. AGASTACHE NEOMEXICANA Hyssop, giant Plant used in ceremonial chant lotion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Cough medicine. AGASTACHE NEOMEXICANA Hyssop, giant Plant used as remedy for bad coughs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. AGASTACHE NEOMEXICANA Hyssop, giant Dried, pulverized root used as dusting powder for sores or cankers. Navaho-Ramah Disinfectant. AGASTACHE NEOMEXICANA Hyssop, giant Plant used as fumigant for "deer infection." ........... . Navaho-Ramah Febrifuge. AGASTACHE NEOMEXICANA Hyssop, giant Plant used to treat fever. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Witchcraft medicine. AGASTACHE NEOMEXICANA Hyssop, giant Plant used in unspecified way to protect from witches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Agastache scrophulariaefolia Lamiaceae Fox Diuretic. Hyssop, giant Infusion of root used as a diuretic. . . . . . . . Fox Unspecified. Hyssop, giant Compound of heads of plant; no use specified. Agastache 1fJi. Lamiaceae Paiute Analgesic. AGASTACHE URTICIFOLIA Mint Cold infusion of leaves used for indigestion and stomach pains. Paiute Cold remedy. AGASTACHE URTICIFOLIA Mint Decoction of plant taken for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Dermatological aid. AGASTACHE URTICIFOLIA Mint Poultice of mashed leaves applied to swellings. . . . . . Paiute Gast-intestinal aid. AGASTACHE URTICIFOLIA Mint Cold infusion of leaves used for indigestion and stomach pains. Shoshone Cathartic. AGASTACHE URTICIFOLIA Mint Decoction of plant taken as a physic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Agave virginica Amaryllidaceae Catawba Kidney aid. Aloe, false Infusion of pounded roots taken and used as a wash for dropsy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aesculus 1fJi.

Genera

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(79:39) (75:658) (79:39) (33:186) (36:27) (36:27) (36:27) (33:186) (32:42) (36:27) (36:27) (33:186) (32:42) (36:27) (21:340) (21:352) (21:340) (37:422) (84:41) (84:41) (84:41) (84:41) (84:41) (84:41) (62:225) (62:225) (81:33) (81:33) (81:33) (81:33) (81:33) (79:10)

21

Agave

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Agave virginica Amaryllidaceae Catawba Kidney aid. Snake chief root Infusion of pounded roots taken and used externally for dropsy. (67:191) Catawba Snake bite remedy. Aloe, false Infusion of roots taken and used as a wash for snake bites. (79:10) Catawba Snake bite remedy. Snake chief root Infusion of roots taken and used externally for snake bite. (67:191) Cherokee Anthelmintic. Aloe Root chewed for diarrhea; also used for liver and for worms. (35:23) Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Aloe Root chewed for diarrhea; also used for liver and for worms. (35:23) Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Aloe, false Root chewed for persistent diarrhea; however, it is a very strong medicine. (90:74) Cherokee Liver aid. Aloe Root chewed for diarrhea; also used for liver and for worms. . . . . . . . . (35:23) Creek Snake bite remedy. MANFREDA VIRGINICA Aloe, false Decoction of root in sweet milk taken or used as wash for rattlesnake bite. (9:289) Root chewed & swallowed, or used externally, for rattlesnake bite. (9:289) Agoseris aumntiaca Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Dandelion, mountain Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (84:47) Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Dandelion, mountain Cold infusion taken and used as lotion for arrow or bullet wounds. (84:47) Navaho-Ramah Disinfectant. Dandelion, mountain (84:47) Cold infusion taken and used as lotion for "deer infection." Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Dandelion, mountain Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . (84:47) Navaho-Ramah Orthopedic aid. Dandelion, mountain Wet leaves rubbed on swollen arms, wrists, or ankles. (84:47) Navaho-Ramah Other. Dandelion, mountain (84:47) Root used as a "life medicine." ............ . Navaho-Ramah Witchcraft medicine. Dandelion, mountain Cold infusion taken and used as lotion for protection from witches. (84:47) Agrimonia gryposepola Rosaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Agrimony Infusion of burs taken to "check discharge;" also, to "check bowels." (35:22) Cherokee Blood medicine. Agrimony Infusion of root taken to build up blood. (35:22) Cherokee Dermatological aid. Agrimony Powdered root compound used for pox. (35:22) Cherokee Dietary aid. Agrimony Infusion of root given to satisfy children's hunger. (35:22) Cherokee Febrifuge. Agrimony Infusion of burs taken for fever. . . . . . . . . . . . (35:22) Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Agrimony Cold infusion of pulverized root taken for bowels. (35:22) Cherokee Gynecological aid. Agrimony Infusion of burs taken to "check discharge;" also, to "check bowels." (35:22) Cherokee Pediatric aid. Agrimony (35:22) Infusion of root given to satisfy children's hunger. Fox Hemostat. Agrimony Root used as a styptic to stop nosebleed. (62:241) Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Agrimony, tall hairy Infusion or decoction for diarrhea, summer complaint or vomiting in children. (37:357) Iroquois Antiemetic. Agrimony, tall hairy Infusion given to children for diarrhea, "summer complaint" and vomiting. (37:357) Iroquois Emetic. Agrimony, tall hairy Decoction of plants taken for diarrhea and as emetic for "summer complaint." (37:358) Iroquois Mise disease remedy. Agrimony, tall hairy Infusion given to children for diarrhea, "summer complaint" and vomiting. (37:357) Iroquois Other. Agrimony, tall hairy Infusion of roots and flowers used on anything to sell; a "basket medicine." (37:358) Iroquois Pediatric aid. Agrimony, tall hairy Infusion given to children for diarrhea, "summer complaint" and vomiting. (37:357) Ojibwa Urinary aid. Agrimony Compound containing root used as a medicine for urinary troubles. . . . . . (63:383,384) Potawatomi Hemostat. Agrimony Plant used as styptic & infusion snuffed for nosebleed by Prairie Potawatomi. (64:76) Agrimonia parviftom Rosaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Agrimony Infusion of burs taken to "check discharge;" also, to "check bowels." . . . . . . . . . . . . . (35:22)

22

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Genera

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Agrimonia

Table 1: Genera - Agrimonia paroiflora Rosaceae

Cherokee Blood medicine. Agrimony Infusion of root taken to build up blood. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Agrimony Powdered root compound used for pox. Cherokee Dietary aid. Agrimony Infusion of root given to satisfy children's hunger. Cherokee Febrifuge. Agrimony Infusion of burs taken for fever. . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Agrimony Cold infusion of pulverized root taken for bowels. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Agrimony Infusion of burs taken to "check discharge;" also, to "check bowels." Cherokee Pediatric aid. Agrimony Infusion of root given to satisfy children's hunger. . . . . . . . . . . . Agrimonia sp. Rosaceae Iroquois Liver aid. Compound decoction of roots taken for too much gall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Agropyron repens Poaceae Cherokee Orthopedic aid. Grass, crouch Decoction used to wash swollen legs; also, infusion taken for "gravel." Cherokee Urinary aid. Grass, crouch Infusion taken for "gravel," and for "continence and bedwetting." Iroquois Anthelmintic. Grass, quack Used as worm remedy. No preparation or application indicated. Aletrn farinosa Liliaceae Catawba Antidiarrheal. Cane leaves Infusion of leaves taken for dysentery. Catawba Antidiarrheal. Colic root Infusion of leaves taken for bloody dysentery. Catawba Gast-intestinal aid. Cane leaves Infusion of leaves taken for colic and stomach disorders. Catawba Gast-intestinal aid. Colic root Cold infusion of leaves taken for colic and stomach disorders. Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Stargrass Taken for rheumatism, "strangury," jaundice, and flatulent colic. Cherokee Carminative. Stargrass Taken for rheumatism, "strangury," jaundice, and flatulent colic. Cherokee Cough medicine. Stargrass Taken for coughs, consumption, and diseases of the lungs. . . . . Cherokee Febrifuge. Stargrass Tonic for child-bed fever & to strengthen womb; also, root prevents abortion. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Stargrass Tonic for child-bed fever & to strengthen womb; also, root prevents abortion. Cherokee Liver aid. Stargrass Taken for rheumatism, "strangury," jaundice, and flatulent colic. Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Star grass Taken for coughs, consumption, and diseases of the lungs. . . . . Cherokee Tonic. Stargrass Tonic for child-bed fever & to strengthen womb; also, root prevents abortion. Cherokee Tuberculosis remedy. Stargrass Taken for coughs, consumption, and diseases of the lungs. . . . . Cherokee Urinary aid. Stargrass Taken for rheumatism, "strangury," jaundice, and flatulent colic. Micmac Abortifacient. Unicorn root Root used as a stomachic, a tonic, and as an emmenagogue. Micmac Gast-intestinal aid. Unicorn root Root used as a stomachic, a tonic, and as an emmenagogue. Micmac Tonic. Unicorn root Root used as a stomachic, a tonic, and as an emmenagogue. Rappahannock Gynecological aid. Stargrass Infusion of plant given to women and girls for "female troubles." Alisma subcordatum Alismataceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Water plantain Used as a poultice on old sores, wounds, bruises, swellings, and ulcers. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Water plantain Root used for bowel complaints; also, used for sores, wounds, and bruises. Alisma triviale Alismataceae Iroquois Gynecological aid. ALISMA PLANTAGO-AQUATICA Water plantain Infusion of plant used for "womb troubles." No application indicated. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Genera

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(35:22) (35:22) (35:22) (35:22) (35:22) (35:22) (35:22) (37:357) (35:31) (35:31) (37:274) (67:188) . (79:7) (67:188) . (79:7) (35:57) (35:57) (35:57) (35:57) (35:57) (35:57) (35:57) (35:57) (35:57) (35:57) (15:54) (15:54) (15:54) (69:34) (35:61) (35:61) (37:272)

23

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Alisma

Table 1: Genera - Alisma triviale Alismataceae Iroquois Kidney aid. ALISMA PLANTAGO-AQUATICA Water plantain (37:272) Split roots used for lame back or kidneys. No preparation indicated. Iroquois Orthopedic aid. ALISMA PLANTAGO-AQUATICA Water plantain (37:272) Split root used for lame back or kidneys; leaf infusion as runner's liniment .. Iroquois Other. ALISMA PLANTAGO-AQUATICA Water plantain (37:272) Raw root chewed to strengthen veins. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. ALISMA PLANTAGO-AQUATICA Water plantain (37:272) Decoction of plant or roots or infusion of roots taken for consumption. Allionia incamata Nyctaginaceae Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Four o'clock, trailing (84:26) Cold infusion of root used as lotion for swellings. Allium bisceptrum Liliaceae Mahuna Dietary aid. Onion Plant juice used as an appetite restorer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (55:62) Allium brevistylum Liliaceae Cheyenne Dermatological aid. Poultice of ground roots and stems applied to carbuncles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (33:171) Allium canadense Liliaceae Cherokee Carminative. Garlic, wild (35:35) Used as stimulant, carminative, diuretic, expectorant, and mild cathartic. Cherokee Cathartic. Garlic, wild (35:35) Used as stimulant, carminative, diuretic, expectorant, and mild cathartic. Cherokee Diuretic. Garlic, wild (35:35) Used as stimulant, carminative, diuretic, expectorant, and mild cathartic. Cherokee Ear medicine. Garlic, wild (35:35) Used for scurvy, "dropsy," asthma, and "to remove deafness." . . . . . . . Cherokee Expectorant. Garlic, wild (35:35) Used as stimulant, carminative, diuretic, expectorant, and mild cathartic. Cherokee Kidney aid. Garlic, wild (35:35) Used for scurvy, "dropsy," asthma, and "to remove deafness." Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Garlic, wild (35:35) Used for scurvy, "dropsy," asthma, and "to remove deafness." Cherokee Pediatric aid. Garlic, wild (35:35) Tincture used to prevent worms and colic in children; also, croup remedy. Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Garlic, wild Tincture used to prevent worms and colic in children; also, croup remedy. (35:35) Cherokee Respiratory aid. Garlic, wild (35:35) Used for scurvy, "dropsy," asthma, and "to remove deafness." . . . . . . . Cherokee Stimulant. Garlic, wild (35:35) Used as stimulant, carminative, diuretic, expectorant, and mild cathartic. Mahuna Dermatological aid. Garlic, wild field (55:63) Plant rubbed on body for protection from insect bites. . . . . . . . . . . . . (55:63) Plant rubbed on body for protection from lizard, scorpion & tarantula bites. Mahuna Snake bite remedy. Garlic, wild field (55:63) Plant rubbed on body for protection from poisonous snake bites. . . . . . . . Allium cepa Liliaceae Mohegan Cold remedy. Onion, garden (11:120) Syrup of chopped onions taken for colds. Shinnecock Cold remedy. Onion, garden (11:120) Syrup of chopped onions taken for colds. Shinnecock Disinfectant. Onion, garden (11:120) Used to destroy germs because of a volatile oil in roots. Shinnecock Ear medicine. Onion, garden (11:120) Heart of onion placed in ear for earache. . . . . . . . . .. Shinnecock Febrifuge. Onion, garden (11:120) Onion placed in a sick room to draw fever out; also, to draw out flu. Shinnecock Misc disease remedy. Onion, garden (11:120) Onion placed in a sick room to draw fever out; also, to draw out flu. Allium cemuum Liliaceae Cherokee Cold remedy. Onion, nodding (35:47) Juice taken for colds, sore throat, "phthisic," and "liver complaints." Cherokee Dermatological aid. Onion, nodding Juice given to children for hives and croup. (35:47) Cherokee Febrifuge. Onion, nodding (35:47) Used as poultice for feet in "nervous fever." Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Onion, nodding Infusion taken for colic; poultice of fried plant put on chest for croup. (35:47) Cherokee Kidney aid. Onion, nodding Juice taken after "horsemint tea" for "gravel and dropsy." ..... . (35:47)

24

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Genera

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Allium

Table 1: Genera - Allium cemuum Liliaceae Cherokee Liver aid. Onion, nodding Juice taken for colds, sore throat, "phthisic," and "liver complaints." Cherokee Pediatric aid. Onion, nodding Juice given to children for hives and croup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Onion, nodding Infusion taken for colic; poultice of fried plant put on chest for croup. Juice given to children for hives and croup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Respiratory aid. Onion, nodding Juice taken for colds, sore throat, "phthisic," and "liver complaints." Cherokee Throat aid. Onion, nodding Juice taken for colds, sore throat, "phthisic," and "liver complaints." Cherokee Urinary aid. Onion, nodding Juice taken after "horsemint tea" for "gravel and dropsy." Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Onion, nodding Poultice of soaked bulbs applied to sores and swellings. Makah Analgesic. Onion, nodding Poultice of chewed plants applied to the chest for pleurisy pains. Makah Pulmonary aid. Onion, nodding Poultice of chewed plants applied to the chest for pleurisy pains. Quinault Analgesic. Onion, nodding Poultice of chewed plants applied to the chest for pleurisy pains. Quinault Pulmonary aid. Onion, nodding Poultice of chewed plants applied to the chest for pleurisy pains. Allium sati'/lUm Liliaceae Cherokee Carminative. Garlic Used as stimulant, carminative, diuretic, expectorant, and mild cathartic. Cherokee Cathartic. Garlic Used as stimulant, carminative, diuretic, expectorant, and mild cathartic. Cherokee Diuretic. Garlic Used as stimulant, carminative, diuretic, expectorant, and mild cathartic. Cherokee Ear medicine. Garlic Used for scurvy, "dropsy," asthma, and "to remove deafness." . . . . . . . Cherokee Expectorant. Garlic Used as stimulant, carminative, diuretic, expectorant, and mild cathartic. Cherokee Kidney aid. Garlic Used for scurvy, "dropsy," asthma, and "to remove deafness." Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Garlic Used for scurvy, "dropsy," asthma, and "to remove deafness." Cherokee Pediatric aid. Garlic Tincture used to prevent worms and colic in children; also, croup remedy. Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Garlic Tincture used to prevent worms and colic in children; also, croup remedy. Cherokee Respiratory aid. Garlic Used for scurvy, "dropsy," asthma, and "to remove deafness." . . . . . . . Cherokee Stimulant. Garlic Used as stimulant, carminative, diuretic, expectorant, and mild cathartic. Allium IIp. Liliaceae Iroquois Pediatric aid. Onion Compound infusion for a "baby who starts suddenly, especially in sleep." Iroquois Sedative. Onion Compound infusion for a "baby who starts suddenly, especially in sleep." Rappahannock Febrifuge. Onion Mashed raw onions aplied as a poultice to remove fever from inflamed injury. Allium stellatum Liliaceae Chippewa Cold remedy. Onion, wild Sweetened decoction of root taken for colds, especially by children. Chippewa Pediatric aid. Onion, wild Sweetened decoction of root taken for colds, especially by children. Allium tricoccum Liliaceae Cherokee Antihemorrhagic. Ramps Warm juice used for earache; also, eaten for croup, colds, & as spring tonic. Cherokee Cold remedy. Ramps Warm juice used for earache; also, eaten for croup, colds, & as spring tonic. Cherokee Ear medicine. Ramps Warm juice used for earache; also, eaten for croup, colds, & as spring tonic. Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Ramps Warm juice used for earache; also, eaten for croup, colds, & as spring tonic. Chippewa Emetic. Leek, wild Decoction of root taken as a quick-acting emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Genera

(35:47) (35:47) (35:47) (35:47) (35:47) (35:47) (35:47) (82:272) (34:24) (34:24) (34:24) (34:24) (35:35) (35:35) (35:35) (35:35) (35:35) (35:35) (35:35) (35:35) (35:35) (35:35) (35:35) (37:320) (37:320) (69:32) (21:340) (21:340) (35:52) (35:52) (35:52) (35:52) (21:346)

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25

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Allium

Table 1: Genera - Allium tricoccum Liliaceae Iroquois Anthelmintic. Leek, wild Decoction of plant given to children for worms. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Leek, wild Decoction of plant given to children for worms. Iroquois Tonic. Leek, wild Decoction of plant taken as a spring tonic and "cleans you out." Allium unifolium Liliaceae Mendocino Ind Poison. Onion, wild Plant is poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Allium vineale Liliaceae Cherokee Carminative. Garlic, field Used as stimulant, carminative, diuretic, expectorant, and mild cathartic. Cherokee Cathartic. Garlic, field Used as stimulant, carminative, diuretic, expectorant, and mild catnartic. Cherokee Diuretic. Garlic, field Used as stimulant, carminative, diuretic, expectorant, and mild cathartic. Cherokee Ear medicine. Garlic, field Used for scurvy, "dropsy," asthma, and "to remove deafness." . . . . . . . Cherokee Expectorant. Garlic, field Used as stimulant, carminative, diuretic, expectorant, and mild cathartic. Cherokee Kidney aid. Garlic, field Used for scurvy, "dropsy," asthma, and "to remove deafness." Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Garlic, field Used for scurvy, "dropsy," asthma, and "to remove deafness." Cherokee Pediatric aid. Garlic, field Tincture used to prevent worms and colic in children; also, croup remedy. Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Garlic, field Tincture used to prevent worms and colic in children; also, croup remedy. Cherokee Respiratory aid. Garlic, field Used for scurvy, "dropsy," asthma, and "to remove deafness." . . . . . . . Cherokee Stimulant. Garlic, field Used as stimulant, carminative, diuretic, expectorant, and mild cathartic. Mahuna Dermatological aid. Plant rubbed on body for protection from insect bites. . . . . . . . . . . . . Plant rubbed on body for protection from lizard, scorpion & tarantula bites. Mahuna Snake bite remedy. Plant rubbed on body for protection from poisonous snake bites. . . . . . . Rappahannock Hypotensive. Garlic, wild Raw root bulbs are chewed for shortness of breath and high blood pressure. Rappahannock Pulmonary aid. Garlic, wild Raw root bulbs are chewed for shortness of breath and high blood pressure. Alnus crispo, Corylaceae Cree Dermatological aid. ALNUS VIRIDIS Alder, green Bark used for its astringent qualities. . .. Cree Kidney aid. ALNUS VIRIDIS Alder, green Bark used for dropsy. . ....... . Alnus glutinosa Corylaceae Rappahannock Panacea. Alder, meadow Infusion of bark used according to diagnosis. Alnus incana Corylaceae Chippewa Blood medicine. Alder, speckled Infusion of bark taken for anemia. Chippewa Emetic. Alder Compound decoction of scraped inner bark taken as an emetic. Chippewa Eye medicine. Alder Compound decoction of root used as a wash or on a compress for sore eyes. Chippewa Gynecological aid. Alder Decoction of root with powdered bumblebees taken for difficult labor. Fox Antihemorrhagic. Alder, speckled Decoction of root given to children who pass blood in their stools. Fox Pediatric aid. Alder, speckled Decoction of root given to children who pass blood in their stools. Iroquois Antihemorrhagic. Alder, speckled Compound decoction with twigs taken for internal hemmorhage. Iroquois Cathartic. Alder, speckled Decoction of young shoot bark taken as a physic and spring emetic. Iroquois Emetic. Alder, speckled Decoction of young shoot bark taken as a physic and spring emetic. Iroquois Urinary aid. Alder, speckled Infusion of bark or decoction of plant taken for urinating problems.

26

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Genera

(37:320) (37:320) (37:320) (16:323) (35:35) (35:35) (35:35) (35:35) (35:35) (35:35) (35:35) (35:35) (35:35) (35:35) (35:35) (55:63) (55:63) (55:63) (69:34) (69:34) (40:303) (40:303) (69:31) (31:128) (21:346) (21:360) (21:358) (62:206) (62:206) (37:301) (37:301) (37:301) (37:301)

Alnus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Alnus incana Corylaceae

Iroquois Venereal aid. Alder, speckled Decoctions used internally or externally for venereal chancres or sores. Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Alder, speckled Decoction used to paint a trap or bow and arrow as a charm to get game. Menominee Cold remedy. Alder, hoary Infusion of root bark taken to congest loose mucous during a cold. Menominee Dermatological aid. Alder, hoary Infusion of root bark used as an astringent, healing wash for sores. Poultice of inner bark applied to reduce swellings. . . . . . . . . . . Menominee Veterinary aid. Alder, hoary Infusion of root bark used as a wash to cure saddle gall in horses. Micmac Oral aid. Alder, black Bark used to treat ulcerated mouth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mohegan Analgesic. Alder, speckled Infusion of twigs as liniment for pain of sprains, bruises, back- & headache. Mohegan Orthopedic aid. Alder, speckled Infusion of twigs used as a liniment for pain of sprains and backache. .. Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. Alder, speckled Decoction of root taken as astringent and coagulant after bloody stools. Potawatomi Antidiarrheal. Alder, speckled Infusion of bark taken to cure flux. . . . . . . . . . . Potawatomi Dermatological aid. Alder, speckled Juice of inner bark used as a wash to cure the itch. Potawatomi Gynecological aid. Alder, speckled Infusion of bark used for "flushing the vagina." Potawatomi Hemorrhoid remedy. Alder, speckled Infusion of bark injected rectally to cure piles. Potawatomi Veterinary aid. Alder, speckled Powdered inner bark sprinkled on galled spots on ponies. Sanpoil Dermatological aid. ALNUS TENUIFOLIA t Alder, river Decoction of bark used as a wash for sores; powder of sap wood used on sores. Shuswap Dermatological aid. Alder Decoction of bark used as a wash for sores. . . . . . Shuswap Diaphoretic. Alder Decoction of bark taken to "sweat everything out." Shuswap Unspecified. Alder Decoction of bark taken for the body. Alnus oregona Corylaceae Bella Coola Cathartic. ALNUS RUBRA t Alder, red Decoction of bark taken as a purgative. Cowlitz Analgesic. Alder Rotten wood rubbed on the body to ease "aching bones." Cowlitz Orthopedic aid. Alder Rotten wood rubbed on the body to ease "aching bones." Gitksan Analgesic. ALNUS RUBRA t Alder, red Infusion of stem bark as emetic & purgative for headache and other maladies. Gitksan Cathartic. ALNUS RUBRA t Alder, red Infusion of stem bark as emetic & purgative for headache and other maladies. Gitksan Cough medicine. ALNUS RUBRA t Alder, red Decoction of bark and root taken in the morning for a cough. . . . . . . . . . Gitksan Emetic. ALNUS RUBRA t Alder, red Infusion of stem bark as emetic & purgative for headache and other maladies. Klallam Antidiarrheal. Alder Catkins chewed for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . N Carrier Gast-intestinal aid. ALNUS RUBRA t Alder, red Infusion of ground inner bark injected for biliousness. Quileute Antidiarrheal. Alder Raw cones eaten for dysentery. ............ . S Carrier Dermatological aid. ALNUS RUBRA t Alder, red Sap applied to cuts; also, decoction of bark taken as a purgative. Swinomish Cold remedy. Alder Decoction of bark taken for colds, stomach troubles and scrofula sores. Swinomish Dermatological aid. Alder Decoction of bark taken for colds, stomach troubles and scrofula sores. Swinomish Gast-intestinal aid. Alder Decoction of bark taken for colds, stomach troubles and scrofula sores. Swinomish Tuberculosis remedy. Alder Decoction of bark taken for colds, stomach troubles and scrofula sores.

Genera

(37:301) (37:301) (61:26) (61:26) (61:26) (61:26) (15:54) (78:69,128) . (78:69,70) (63:358) (64:43) (64:43) (64:43) (64:43) (64:43) (51:220) (47:59) (47:59) (47:59) (60:55) (34:27) (34:27) (60:55) (60:55) (60:55) (60:55) (34:27) (60:55) (34:27) (60:55) (34:27) (34:27) (34:27) (34:27)

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27

Alnus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Aln'U8 rhombi/alia Corylaceae Kawaiisu Unspecified. Alder, white Plant used as medicine. . . . . . . . Mendocino Ind Antidiarrheal. Alder, mountain Decoction of dried bark taken for diarrhea. Mendocino Ind Antihemorrhagic. Alder, mountain Decoction of dried bark taken to check hemorrhages for consumption. Mendocino Ind Blood medicine. Alder, mountain Decoction of dried bark taken to perspire and as a blood purifier. Mendocino Ind Burn dressing. Alder, mountain Poultice of dried wood applied to burns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mendocino Ind Diaphoretic. Alder, mountain Decoction of dried bark taken to perspire and as a blood purifier. Mendocino Ind Emetic. Alder, mountain Decoction of dried bark taken as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mendocino Ind Gast-intestinal aid. Alder, mountain Decoction of dried bark taken for stomachaches and to facilitate childbirth. Mendocino Ind Gynecological aid. Alder, mountain Decoction of dried bark taken for stomachaches and to facilitate childbirth. Mendocino Ind Tuberculosis remedy. Alder, mountain Decoction of dried bark taken to check hemorrhages for consumption. Pomo Dermatological aid. Alder, white Decoction of bark used as a wash for babies with skin disease. Pomo Pediatric aid. Alder, white Decoction of bark used as a wash for babies with skin disease. Aln'U8 rubra Corylaceae Gitksan Unspecified. Alder, red Infusion of bark from stem, not from root, taken for many maladies. Kwakiutl Analgesic. Alder, red Poultice of bark applied to sores and aches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kwakiutl Antihemorrhagic. Alder, red Bark held in women's mouth for tuberculosis and blood spitting. Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Alder, red Poultice of bark applied or infusion of bark rubbed on sores, aches & eczema. Kwakiutl Respiratory aid. Alder, red Infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis and asthma. . . . . . . . . Kwakiutl Tuberculosis remedy. Alder, red Bark held in women's mouth for tuberculosis and blood spitting. Infusion of bark taken or bark held in women's mouth for tuberculosis. Aln'U8 rugosa Corylaceae Cherokee Cathartic. Alder, smooth Infusion of roots taken by women during menses as an emetic and cathartic. Cherokee Emetic. Alder, smooth Decoction of inner bark taken to induce vomiting when unable to retain food. Infusion of roots taken by women during menses as an emetic and cathartic. Cherokee Eye medicine. Alder, smooth Infusion of bark rubbed into the eye for eye troubles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Alder, smooth Decoction of inner bark taken to induce vomiting when unable to retain food. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Alder, smooth Infusion of roots taken by women during menses as an emetic and cathartic. Menominee Alterative. Alder, smooth Infusion of inner bark used as an alterative. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aln'U8 semdata Corylaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Alder Used for pain of childbirth; also, infusion of bark used for various pains. Cherokee Blood medicine. Alder Infusion of bark taken to purify blood; compound infusion is blood tonic. Cherokee Cathartic. Alder Used as an "emetic and purgative." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Cough medicine. Alder Infusion of bark taken for cough; infusion of scraped bark makes kidneys act. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Alder Used for skin eruptions; also, infusion used to bathe hives. Cherokee Emetic. Alder Used as an "emetic and purgative." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Eye medicine. Alder Infusion of bark "rubbed and blown in eyes for drooping." Cherokee Eye medicine. Infusion of bark rubbed into the eye for eye troubles . . . .

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Genera

(92:10) (16:332) · (16:332) · (16:332) (16:332) (16:332) (16:332) (16:332) · (16:332) · (16:332) (27:12) (27:12) (60:55) (82:279) (82:279) (82:279) · (82:279) · (82:279) (82:279) (79:14) (79:14) (79:14) (79:14) (79:14) (79:14) (61:26) (35:22) (35:22) (35:22) (35:22) (35:22) (35:22) (35:22) (79:15)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Alnus

Table 1: Genera - Alnus serrulata Corylaceae Cherokee Febrifuge. Alder Infusion taken for heart trouble; hot infusion of berries taken for fever. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Alder Compound used in steam bath for indigestion, biliousness, and jaundice. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Alder Used for pain of childbirth; compound infusion taken for menstrual period. Cherokee Heart medicine. Alder Infusion taken for heart trouble; hot infusion of berries taken for fever. Cherokee Hemorrhoid remedy. Alder Compound infusion of root taken for piles; also, used to bathe piles. Cherokee Hypotensive. Alder Cold infusion of bark taken to purify blood or lower blood pressure. Cherokee Kidney aid. Alder Infusion of bark taken for cough; infusion of scraped bark makes kidneys act. Cherokee Oral aid. Alder Infusion of bark given to babies for ''thrash,'' a mouth soreness. Cherokee Orthopedic aid. Alder Used for swellings and sprains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Pediatric aid. Alder Infusion of bark given to babies for "thrash," a mouth soreness. Cherokee Toothache remedy. Alder Compound infusion of bark held in mouth for toothache. Cherokee Urinary aid. Alder Compound infusion taken to "clear milky urine." Alnus sitchensis Corylaceae Bella Coola Unspecified. Alder, green Cones used as a remedy for an "unspecified complaint." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alnus sp. Corylaceae Micmac Analgesic. Alder Bark used to treat cramps and retching; also, used as a physic. Micmac Antiemetic. Alder Bark used to treat cramps and retching; also, used as a physic. Micmac Antirheumatic - Int. Alder Bark used to treat diphtheria; also, used for rheumatism. Micmac Cathartic. Alder Bark used to treat cramps and retching; also, used as a physic. Micmac Dermatological aid. Alder Bark & leaves used to treat festers; also, bark used for wounds. Micmac Febrifuge. Alder Bark & leaves used to treat fevers; also, used for festers. . . . . Micmac Hemostat. Alder Bark used to stop bleeding; also, for hemorrhaging of the lungs. Micmac Misc disease remedy. Alder Bark used to treat diphtheria; also, used for rheumatism. Micmac Orthopedic aid. Alder Bark used to treat dislocations and fractures. ....... Micmac Pulmonary aid. Alder Bark used to stop bleeding; also, for hemorrhaging of the lungs. Mohegan Analgesic. Alder, speckled Infusion is used as wash for sprains, bruises, headaches, and backache. Mohegan Orthopedic aid. Alder, speckled Infusion is used as wash for sprains, bruises, headaches, and backache. Montagnais Blood medicine. Alder Decoction of twigs taken as a blood purifier. Penobscot Analgesic. Alder Decoction of bark taken to stop retching and cramps. Penobscot Antiemetic. Alder Decoction of bark taken to stop retching and cramps. Penobscot Gast-intestinal aid. Alder Decoction of bark taken to stop cramps and retching. Alnus tenuifolia Corylaceae Bella Coola Analgesic. Alder, mountain Poultice of compound containing buds applied for pains in the lungs or hips. Bella Coola Antirheumatic - Ext. Alder, mountain Poultice of compound containing buds applied to lungs or hips for pain. ... Bella Coola Pulmonary aid. Alder, mountain Poultice of compound containing buds applied for pains in the lungs or hips. Bella Coola Unspecified. Alder, mountain Cones used as a remedy for an "unspecified complaint." . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Genera

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(35:22) (35:22) (35:22) (35:22) (35:22) (35:22) (35:22) (35:22) (35:22) (35:22) (35:22) (35:22) (60:55) (15:54) (15:54) (15:54) (15:54) (15:54) (15:54) (15:54) (15:54) (15:54) (15:54) (76:265) (76:265) (66:315) (66:309) (66:309) (66:309) (60:55) (60:55) (60:55) (60:55)

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Alnus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Alnus tenuifolia Corylaceae

Blackfeet Tuberculosis remedy. Alder, paper leaf Hot drink made from bark taken for scrofula. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . Gitksan Diuretic. Alder, mountain Catkins & shavings eaten raw, or decoction taken, as diuretic for gonorrhea. Gitksan Laxative. Alder, mountain Crushed pistillate catkins eaten raw as a laxative. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gitksan Venereal aid. Alder, mountain Catkins & shavings eaten raw, or decoction taken, as diuretic for gonorrhea. Althaea 1'08ea Malvaceae Shinnecock Dermatological aid. Hollyhocks Leaves used to apply infusion of flowers to inflamed areas. Amaranthus hybridus Amaranthaceae Cherokee Ceremonial medicine. AMARANTH HYBRIDUS Amaranth Used as an ingredient in a green corn medicine. . . . . . . . Cherokee Dermatological aid. AMARANTH HYBRIDUS Amaranth Astringent; leaves used to relieve profuse menstruation. Cherokee Gynecological aid. AMARANTH HYBRIDUS Amaranth Leaves used to "relieve profuse menstruation." . . . . . . . . Amaranthus retroftexus Amaranthaceae Cherokee Ceremonial medicine. AMARANTH RETROFLEXUS Amaranth Used as an ingredient in a green corn medicine. . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Dermatological aid. AMARANTH RETROFLEXUS Amaranth Astringent; leaves used to relieve profuse menstruation. Cherokee Gynecological aid. AMARANTH RETROFLEXUS Amaranth Leaves used to "relieve profuse menstruation." . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Pigweed, Amaranth Decoction and doll used to "make a person break out like cancer." Mohegan Throat aid. Pigweed Infusion of leaves taken to relieve hoarseness. . . . . . . . . . . Amaranthus spino8U8 Amaranthaceae Cherokee Ceremonial medicine. AMARANTH SPINOSUS Amaranth Used as an ingredient in a green corn medicine. . . . . . . . Cherokee Dermatological aid. AMARANTH SPINOSUS Amaranth Astringent; leaves used to relieve profuse menstruation. Cherokee Gynecological aid. AMARANTH SPINOSUS Amaranth Leaves used to "relieve profuse menstruation." . . . . . . . Ambrosia anemisiifolia Asteraceae Cherokee Ceremonial medicine. Ragweed, common Used as an ingredient in green corn medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Dermatological aid. Ragweed, common Crushed leaves rubbed on insect sting; infusion of leaf rubbed on hives. Cherokee Disinfectant. Ragweed, common Juice of wilted leaves applied to infected toes. . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Febrifuge. Ragweed, common Infusion taken for pneumonia; also, infusion of leaf taken for fever. Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Ragweed, common Infusion taken for pneumonia; also, infusion of leaf taken for fever. Dakota Antidiarrheal. AMBROSIA ARTEMISIAEFOLIA Ragweed Infusion of leaves and plant tops taken for bloody flux or to stop vomiting. Dakota Antiemetic. AMBROSIA ARTEMISIAEFOLIA Ragweed Infusion of leaves and plant tops taken for bloody flux or to stop vomiting. Delaware-Okl Blood medicine. AMBROSIA ARTEMISIAEFOLIA Ragweed Poultice of plant applied to prevent "blood poison." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware-Okl Dermatological aid. AMBROSIA ARTEMISIAEFOLIA Ragweed, common Poultice of plant applied to prevent "blood poisoning." Houma Gynecological aid. Ragweed Decoction of root taken for menstrual troubles. Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Ragweed, common Compound decoction of plants taken for diarrhea with bleeding. Iroquois Heart medicine. Ragweed, common Infusion of roots taken for stroke. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Ragweed, common Decoction of plants taken for cramps from picking berries. Luisenos Emetic. AMBROSIA ARTEMISIAEFOLIA Plant used as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... Mahuna Dermatological aid. AMBROSIA ARTEMISIFOLIA Ragweed, American common Infusion of plant used as a wash for minor skin eruptions and scalp diseases .. Oto Antiemetic. AMBROSIA ELATIOR Ragweed Bruised leaves laid on scarified abdomen to relieve nausea. . . . . . . . . . . .

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Genera

(45:275) (60:55) (60:55) (60:55) (11:120) (35:23) (35:23) (35:23) (35:23) (35:23) (35:23) (37:316) (78:70,128) (35:23) (35:23) (35:23) (35:52) (35:52) (35:52) (35:52) (35:52) (29:369) (29:369) (77:29) . (77:29,74) (68:65) (37:468) (37:469) . (37:468) . (65:228) (55:13) (30:132)

Ambrosia

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Ambrosia psilostachya Asteraceae

Cheyenne Analgesic. Sage, black Infusion of leaves and stems taken for bowel pains and bloody stools. Cheyenne Analgesic. Infusion of leaves and stem taken for cramps in the bowels. . . . . . . Cheyenne Antidiarrheal. Infusion of leaves & stem taken to cure bowel cramps & to stop bloody stools. Cheyenne Cold remedy. Sage, black Infusion of plants taken for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cheyenne Gast-intestinal aid. Sage, black Infusion of leaves and stems taken for bowel pains and bloody stools. Cheyenne Gast-intestinal aid. Infusion of leaves & stem taken to cure bowel cramps & to stop bloody stools. Cheyenne Laxative. Ragweed Infusion of ground leaves and stems taken for constipation. Costanoan Orthopedic aid. Poultice of heated leaves applied to aching joints. Gosiute Eye medicine. Ragweed Poultice of steeped leaves applied to sore eyes. Kiowa Dermatological aid. Ragweed, western Decoction of plant used as a wash for sores. Kiowa Veterinary aid. Ragweed, western Decoction of plant used as a wash for sores on horses. Ambrosia trifida Asteraceae Cherokee Ceremonial medicine. Ragweed, great Used as an ingredient in green corn medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Dermatological aid. Ragweed, great Crushed leaves rubbed on insect sting; infusion of leaf rubbed on hives. Cherokee Disinfectant. Ragweed, great Juice of wilted leaves applied to infected toes. . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Febrifuge. Ragweed, great Infusion taken for pneumonia; also, infusion of leaf taken for fever. Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Ragweed, great Infusion taken for pneumonia; also, infusion of leaf taken for fever. Fox Psychological aid. Ragweed, great Root chewed to drive away fear at night. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Ragweed, giant Compound decoction of plants taken for diarrhea with bleeding. Iroquois Blood medicine. Ragweed, giant Plant used in a blood medicine. No preparation or application indicated. Amelanchier alnifolia Rosaceae Cheyenne Dietary aid. Serviceberry Smashed fruits used to improve loss of appetite in children. Cheyenne Pediatric aid. Serviceberry Smashed fruits used to improve loss of appetite in children. Cheyenne Unspecified. Serviceberry Infusion of leaves used for healing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Smashed fruits used as an ingredient for medicinal mixtures. Porno Gynecological aid. Serviceberry, western Decoction of roots taken to check too frequent menstruation. Thompson Ind Gast-intestinal aid. Serviceberry, northwestern Decoction of bark taken for stomach troubles. . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Gynecological aid. Serviceberry, northwestern Warm decoction taken and used as a wash after childbirth. Thompson Ind Tonic. Serviceberry, northwestern Decoction of fresh bark taken as a tonic. . ......... . Amelanchier arborea Rosaceae Cherokee Anthelmintic. Serviceberry tree Compound infusion taken for worms, for diarrhea, and as a spring tonic. Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Serviceberry tree Compound infusion taken for worms, for diarrhea, and as a spring tonic. Cherokee Tonic. Serviceberry tree Compound infusion taken for worms, for diarrhea, and as a spring tonic. Iroquois Venereal aid. Fern Infusion of bark used for gonorrhea. No application indicated. . . . . . . Amelanchier canadensis Rosaceae Cherokee Anthelmintic. Shadbush Infusion of bark used as a bath and given to children with worms. Cherokee Pediatric aid. Shadbush Infusion of bark used as a bath and given to children with worms.

Genera

(33:188) (32:39) (32:39) (33:188) (33:188) (32:39) (36:18) . (5:25) (14:361) (85:55) (85:55) (35:52) (35:52) (35:52) (35:52) (35:52) (62:210) (37:468) (37:468) (36:34) (36:34) (33:176) (36:34) (27:13) (71:462) (71:471) (71:471) (35:54) (35:54) (35:54) (37:351) (79:27) (79:27)

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Amelanchier

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Amelanchier canadensis Rosaceae Chippewa Antidiarrheal. Shadbush Compound decoction of root taken for dysentery. . . . . . . . . Chippewa Disinfectant. Shadbush Compound decoction of inner bark used as a disinfectant wash. Chippewa Gynecological aid. Shadbush Compound decoction of bark taken for "female weakness." Infusion of root taken to prevent miscarriage after an injury. Amelanchier florida Rosaceae Bella Coola Venereal aid. Juneberry Compound decoction taken for gonorrhea. Amelanchier /aeuis Rosaceae Ojibwa Gynecological aid. Juneberry, smooth Infusion of bark taken by expectant mothers. Amelanchier mormonica Rosaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Serviceberry Leaves used as emetics in various ceremonies. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Serviceberry Leaves used as a ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Other. Serviceberry Dried fruit used as a "life medicine." Amelanchier sp. Rosaceae Navaho Emetic. Plant used as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Potawatomi Tonic. AMELANCHIER SPICATA Juneberry Root bark used to make a tonic. .. . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Eye medicine. Serviceberry Decoction of inner bark, sometimes with roots, as drops for snowblindness. Amelanchier utahensis Rosaceae Navaho Gynecological aid. Serviceberry Plant used during labor and delivery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amianthium muscaetoxicum Liliaceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. "Fly poison Root used as a crow poison; also, used as a sure, but severe, cure for itch. Used for itch; also, used to poison crows. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Poison. Fly poison Root used as a crow poison; also, used as a sure, but severe, cure for itch. Amorpha canescens Fabaceae Fox Anthelmintic. Lead plant Infusion of leaves used to kill pinworms or any intestinal worms. Fox Dermatological aid. Lead plant Infusion of leaves used to cure eczema. . . . . . . . . . . . . Omaha Analgesic. Lead plant Moxa of stems used in cases of neuralgia and rheumatism. Omaha Analgesic. Moxa of twigs applied for neuralgia or rheumatism. Omaha Antirheumatic - Ext. Lead plant Stems used as moxa for neuralgia and rheumatism. Omaha Antirheumatic - Ext. Moxa of twigs applied for neuralgia or rheumatism. Omaha Dermatological aid. Powdered, dried leaves blown into cuts and open wounds. S Ojibwa Analgesic. Lead plant Decoction of root taken for stomach pain. S Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. Lead plant Decoction of root taken for stomach pain. Amorpha sp. Fabaceae Navaho Respiratory aid. AMORPHA MICROPHYLLUS Bird's foot, small leaved Plant used as a snuff for catarrh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ampelopsis cordata Vitaceae Cherokee Urinary aid. Infusion of bark taken for urinary troubles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amphicarpa bracteata Fabaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Hog peanut Infusion of root blown on snakebite wound; also, taken for diarrhea. Cherokee Snake bite remedy. Hog peanut Infusion of root blown on snakebite wound; also, taken for diarrhea. Chippewa Cathartic. FALCATA COMOSA Hog peanut Compound decoction of root taken as a physic. . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Hog peanut Compound decoction of plants taken for a bad stomach caused by consumption.

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Genera

(21:344) (21:366) (21:356) (21:358) (60:60) (63:384) (84:30) (84:30) (84:30) . (38:148) (64:76) (81:33) . (38:148)

(90:74) (35:34) (90:74) (62:227) (62:227) (30:93) (28:334) (30:93) (28:334) (28:334) (39:200) (39:200) . (23:55) . (79:41)

(35:38) (35:38) (21:346) (37:365)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Amphicarpa

Table 1: Genera - Amphicarpa bracteata Fabaceae

Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Hog peanut Compound decoction of plants taken for a bad stomach caused by consumption. ...... (37:365) Amsinckia douglasiana Boraginaceae Costanoan Unspecified. . (5: 13) Plant used for medicinal purposes. Amsonia tomentosa Apocynaceae Zuni Snake bite remedy. AMS0NIA BREVIF0LIA Compound poultice of root applied to rattlesnake bite with much ceremony. ........ (72:53) Anaphalis margaritacea Asteraceae Cherokee Analgesic. Everlasting, pearly (35:48) Infusion steamed and inhaled to cure headache or blindness caused by the sun. Cherokee Cold remedy. Everlasting, pearly (35:48) Warm infusion taken for cold; also, leaves smoked or chewed for colds. .... Cherokee Cough medicine. Everlasting, pearly (35:48) Dried leaves smoked for catarrh; leaves & stems smoked for bronchial cough. Cherokee Eye medicine. Everlasting, pearly (35:48) Infusion steamed and inhaled to cure headache or blindness caused by the sun. Cherokee Other. Everlasting, pearly (35:48) Dried leaves used as a substitute for chewing tobacco. .............. Cherokee Respiratory aid. Everlasting, pearly (35:48) Dried leaves smoked for catarrh; leaves & stems smoked for bronchial cough. Cherokee Throat aid. Everlasting, pearly Used for throat infection. ................................ (35:48) Cheyenne Ceremonial medicine. (32:42) Powdered flowers chewed & rubbed on body to protect and strengthen warrior. Cheyenne Disinfectant. (32:42) Smoke used to purify gift made to the spirits. Cheyenne Unspecified. (33:187) Plant used as a strong medicine. ....... Cheyenne Veterinary aid. (32:42) Plant used in various ways to make horses long-winded. (33:187) Powdered plant rubbed on horse's hoof to make it enduring and untiring. Chippewa Antirheumatic - Ext. Everlasting, pearly (21:362) Compound decoction of flowers as herbal steam for rheumatism and paralysis. Chippewa Herbal steam. Everlasting, pearly (21:362) Infusion of flower used as herbal steam for rheumatism and paralysis. Chippewa Orthopedic aid. Everlasting, pearly (21:362) Infusion of flower used as herbal steam for rheumatism and paralysis. Delaware-Oki Tonic. Everlasting, pearly (77:74) Compound containing root used as a tonic. . .............. . Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Everlasting, pearly (37:465) Roots and stalks used for diarrhea and dysentery.No preparation indicated. Iroquois Eye medicine. Everlasting, pearly (37:465) Infusion of plants used as wash for sore eyes. .................... Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Everlasting, pearly (37:465) Compound decoction of roots and flowers taken for bruise on back of stomach. Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Everlasting, pearly (82:278) Poultice of flowers applied to sores and swellings. Kwakiutl Other. Everlasting, pearly .(82:278) Decoction of flowers taken for internal disorders. Mohegan Cold remedy. Everlasting, pearly (78:70,128) Infusion of leaves taken as a cold remedy. Mohegan Cold remedy. Indian posy (76:265) Infusion of plant is taken for colds. Montagnais Cough medicine. (66:314) Decoction of plant taken for cough and consumption. Montagnais Tuberculosis remedy. (66:314) Decoction of plant taken for cough and consumption. Ojibwa Stimulant. Everlasting, pearly (63:362,363) Powdered flowers sprinkled on coals, smoke inhaled to revive stroke victim. Potawatomi Witchcraft medicine. Everlasting, pearly (64:49) Flowers smoked in a pipe or smudged on coals to repel evil spirits. Quileute Antirheumatic - Int. Everlasting, pearly (34:48) Whole plant used as a steam bath for rheumatism. ........ . Andromeda polifolia Ericaceae Mahuna Respiratory aid. Moorwort, American Plant used for catarrh. ............ ............................. (55:24) Andropogon gerardi Poaceae Chippewa Analgesic. ANDR0P0G0N FURCATUS Bluestem Decoction of root taken for stomach pain. .............................. (21:342)

Genera

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Medicinal Plants of Native America

Andropogon

Table 1: Genera - Andropogon gerardi Poaceae Chippewa Diuretic. ANDROPOGON FURCATUS Bluestem Simple or compound decoction of root taken as a diuretic. Chippewa Gast-intestinal aid. ANDROPOGON FURCATUS Bluestem Decoction of root taken for stomach pain. . . . . . . . . Omaha Febrifuge. ANDROPOGON FURCATUS Red hay Decoction of blades of grass used as a wash for fevers. Omaha Stimulant. ANDROPOGON FURCATUS Red hay Decoction of blades of grass taken for "general debility and languor." Andropogon scoparius Poaceae Comanche Other. Grass, little bluestem Bundles of stems used as switches in the sweat lodge. Comanche Venereal aid. Grass, little bluestem Stem ashes used to treat syphilitic sores. . . . . . . . Andropogon sp. Poaceae Houma Gynecological aid. Grass, broom Decoction of plant taken by pregnant women to strengthen both mother & child .. Houma Pediatric aid. Grass, broom Decoction of plant taken by pregnant women to strengthen both mother & child. Andropogon virginicus Poaceae Catawba Analgesic. ANDROPOGON GLOMERATUS Roots used for backaches. . . . . . . . . . . . Catawba Orthopedic aid. ANDROPOGON GLOMERATUS Roots used for backaches. . . . . . Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Broom sedge Infusion taken to "check bowels." Cherokee Ceremonial medicine. Broom sedge Used as an ingredient in green corn medicine. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Broom sedge Infusion used for frost bite and sores; also, ooze used to bathe itch. Rappahannock Dermatological aid. ANDROPOGON GLOMERATUS Broom straw Infusion of roots taken for the itch and applied to ivy poisoning. . . . . . . Rappahannock Hemorrhoid remedy. ANDROPOGON GLOMERATUS Broom straw Compound poultice with roots applied as salve for piles. . . . . . . . . . . . . Androsace occidentalis Primulaceae Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. Compound decoction of whole plant for birth injury or postpartum hemorrhage. Navaho-Ramah Pediatric aid. Compound decoction of whole plant for birth injury or postpartum hemorrhage. Androsace septentrionalis Primulaceae Navaho-Kayenta Analgesic. Plant used for pain from witches' arrows. . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Witchcraft medicine. Plant used for bewitchment and pain from witches' arrows. Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Cold infusion taken for internal pain. Navaho-Ramah Other. Plant used as "life medicine." Navaho-Ramah Venereal aid. Compound decoction of plant taken before sweat bath for venereal disease. Navaho-Ramah Witchcraft medicine. Plant used as lotion to give protection from witches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Anemone canadensis Ranunculaceae Chippewa Dermatological aid. Anemone Poultice of roots applied to wounds; infusion of root used as wash for sores. Chippewa Hemostat. Anemone Leaves used for nasal hemorrhages, bleeding sores and wounds. . . . . . . Fox Eye medicine. Anemone, Canada Infusion of root as wash to cure cross eyes; for eye twitch & eye poisoning. Iroquois Anthelmintic. Anemone, Canada Decoction of roots taken for worms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Anemone, Canada Compound infusion of plants and liquor used to counteract witch medicine. Ojibwa Ceremonial medicine. Anemone, Canada Root eaten to clear throat so one can sing well in medicine lodge ceremony. Ojibwa Throat aid. Anemone, Canada Root eaten to clear throat so one can sing well in ceremonies. . . . . . . Omaha Panacea. Anemone Highly esteemed medicine, taken & applied externally for many illnesses. Ponca Panacea. Anemone Highly esteemed medicine, taken and applied externally for many illnesses.

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Genera

(21:348) (21:342) · (30:68,69) · (30:68,69) (10:520) (10:520) (68:65) (68:65) (79:5) (79:5) (35:27) (35:27) (35:27) (69:28) (69:28) (84:38) (84:38) (91:35) (91:35) · (84:38,39) · (84:38,39) · (84:38,39) (84:38) (31:130) (31:130) (62:238) (37:328) (37:328) (63:382,383) (63:382,383) (30:82) (30:82)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Anemone

Table 1: Genera - Anemone cylindrica Ranunculaceae Fox Analgesic. Thimbleweed Infusion of root taken for headache and dizzy spells. (62:238) Fox Burn dressing. Thimbleweed Poultice of leaves applied to bad burns. . . . . . . . (62:238) Fox Eye medicine. Thimbleweed Decoction of stem and fruit used as a wash to cure sore eyes. (62:238) Fox Psychological aid. Thimbleweed Used as a medicine for "crazy people;" a cure cited. (62:238) Fox Stimulant. Thimbleweed Infusion of root used for headache and dizzy spells. (62:238) Ojibwa Pulmonary aid. Thimbleweed Infusion of root taken to relieve lung congestion and tuberculosis. (63:383) Ojibwa Tuberculosis remedy. Thimbleweed Infusion of root relieves lung congestion and tuberculosis. (63:383) Anemone globosa Ranunculaceae Blackfeet Analgesic. Wind flower Cottony flower burned on hot coals for headache. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (45:274,275) Anemone multifida Ranunculaceae Gitksan Antirheumatic - Int. Wind flower Plant eaten, or decoction of plant taken, in sweat bath for rheumatism. (60:57) Gitksan Diaphoretic. Wind flower Eaten, or decoction taken, in sweat bath for rheumatism. (60:57) Okanagan Hemostat. Wind flower Leaves applied to nose for nose bleeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . (48:42) S Carrier Cold remedy. Wind flower Aroma of crushed leaves inhaled for cold in head or lungs. (60:57) S Carrier Panacea. Wind flower Decoction of plant, without roots, taken for any sickness. (60:57) Thompson Ind Hemostat. Anemone Fresh leaves used to plug nostrils and as an inhalant to stop nosebleed. (71:474) Thompson Ind Hemostat. Wind flower (48:42) Leaves applied to nose for nose bleeds. . . . . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Insecticide. Strong decoction of whole plant used to kill lice and fleas. (71:513) Anemone narcissiflora Ranunculaceae Aleut Antihemorrhagic. Anemone Decoction of root taken for unspecified hemorrhage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1:428) Anemone occidentalis Ranunculaceae Okanagan Gast-intestinal aid. Anemone, mountain Decoction of roots or plants taken for stomach and bowel troubles. (48:40) Thompson Ind Gast-intestinal aid. Anemone Decoction of root or whole plant taken for stomach and bowel troubles. (71:459) Thompson Ind Gast-intestinal aid. Anemone, mountain Decoction of roots or plants taken for stomach and bowel troubles. (48:40) Thompson Ind Unspecified. Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose. . . . . . . . (71:466) Anemone patens Ranunculaceae Chippewa Analgesic. PULSATILLA HIRSUTISSIMA Pasque flower Dried, pulverized leaves "smelled" for headache. . . . . . . . (21:336) Chippewa Pulmonary aid. PULSATILLA HIRSUTISSIMA Pasque flower Compound decoction of root taken for lung trouble. . . . . . . . (21:340) Omaha Analgesic. PULSATILLA PATENS Pasque flower Poultice of crushed fresh leaves applied for rheumatism and neuralgia. . (30:80,81) Omaha Antirheumatic - Ext. PULSATILLA PATENS Pas que flower Poultice of crushed fresh leaves applied to affected part for rheumatism. . (30:80-82) Anemone sp. Ranunculaceae Cheyenne Poison. ANEMONE NUTTALLIANA Pasqueflower Plant is poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (36:34) Cheyenne Stimulant. ANEMONE NUTTALLIANA Pasqueflower Smashed root used symbolically by passing over the body to revive a person. (36:34) Cheyenne Unspecified. ANEMONE NUTTALLIANA Pasqueflower Plant used for its medicinal properties. (36:34) Cowlitz Tuberculosis remedy. Buttercup Infusion of plants taken for tuberculosis. (34:29) S Ojibwa Analgesic. ANEMONE PENNSYLVANICUM Anemone, Pennsylvania Decoction of root used for pain in the lumbar region. ... . . . . . . (39:201) S Ojibwa Analgesic. Anemone Snuff of powdered dry leaves used as an errhine to cure headache. (39:200) S Ojibwa Orthopedic aid. ANEMONE PENNSYLVANICUM Anemone, Pennsylvania Decoction of root used for pain in the lumbar region. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (39:201)

Genera

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35

Anemone

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Anemone sp. Ranunculaceae Thompson Ind Unspecified. Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (71:469) Anemone virginiana Ranunculaceae Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Thimbleweed Infusion of root taken for whooping cough. (35:58) Fox Respiratory aid. Anemone, Virginia Smoke of seeds inhaled to cure catarrh. (62:238) Fox Stimulant. Anemone, Virginia Smoke of seed pod directed up nostril to revive sick and unconscious patient. (62:238) Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Thimbleweed Cold decoction of roots taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:328) Iroquois Emetic. Thimbleweed Decoction or infusion of smashed roots or plants taken as an emetic. (37:327) Iroquois Love medicine. Thimbleweed Decoction of roots taken as an emetic; used as wash to cure a love medicine. (37:328) Infusion of stems and roots used as a love medicine for either sex. (37:328) Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Thimbleweed Decoction of roots taken for tuberculosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:328) Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Thimbleweed Compound infusion of smashed plants taken as an emetic to remove bewitchment. (37:327) Root used as revenge to "kill man who played a trick on man's son." . . . . (37:328) Roots placed under the pillow to dream the truth about wife's crookedness. (37:327) Menominee Dermatological aid. Anemone, Virginia Poultice of root applied to cure boils. ...................... . (61:48) Anemopsis cali/ornica Saururaceae Costanoan Analgesic. Decoction of roots used for menstrual cramps and as a general pain remedy. (5:8) Costanoan Dermatological aid. Dried, powdered plant applied to wounds as a disinfectant. (5:8) Infusion of plant used as a wash for sores. . . . . . . . . . . . (5:8) Costanoan Disinfectant. Dried, powdered plant applied to wounds as a disinfectant. (5:8) Costanoan Gynecological aid. Decoction of roots used for menstrual cramps and as a general pain remedy. (5:8) Kawaiisu Cold remedy. Yerba mansa Decoction of broken roots taken for colds, coughing and diabetes. (92:11) Kawaiisu Cough medicine. Yerba mansa Decoction of broken roots taken for colds, coughing and diabetes. (92:11) Kawaiisu Dermatological aid. Yerba mansa Leaves used as a salve for cuts and wounds in livestock and man. (92:11) Kawaiisu Misc disease remedy. Yerba mansa Decoction of broken roots taken for colds, coughing and diabetes. (92:11) Kawaiisu Veterinary aid. Yerba mansa Leaves used as a salve for cuts and wounds in livestock and man. (92:11) Mahuna Dermatological aid. Swamp root, American Powdered plants used as a disinfectant for knife wounds. (55:15) Mahuna Disinfectant. Swamp root, American Powdered plants used as a disinfectant for knife wounds. (55:15) Paiute Laxative. Yerba mansa Infusion of roots taken as a laxative and for gonorrhea. (73:317) Paiute Orthopedic aid. Yerba mansa Decoction of leaves used as a bath for muscular pains and sore feet. . (81:33,34) Paiute Venereal aid. Yerba mansa Infusion of roots taken as a laxative and for gonorrhea. (73:317) Papago Emetic. Lizard's tail Decoction of leaves taken as an emetic. (12:65) (13:65) Pima Cold remedy. Yerba mansa Infusion of dried roots or plant taken for colds. (17:78) Pima Cough medicine. Yerba mansa Roots chewed and swallowed or decoction of roots taken for coughs. (17:78) Pima Dermatological aid. Yerba mansa Decoction of plant used as a wash and poultice of leaves applied to wounds. (17:78) Pima Diaphoretic. Yerba mansa Infusion of plant taken for colds and to cause sweating. (17:78) Pima Emetic. HOUTTUYNIA CALIFORNICA Yerba mansa Decoction of crushed root taken as an emetic. (56:80) Pima Gast-intestinal aid. Yerba mansa Poultice of wet, powdered roots applied for stomachaches. (17:78)

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Genera

Anemopsis

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Anemopsis cali/ornica Saururaceae Pima Other. Yerba mans a Infusion of roots taken and used as a wash for "bad disease." . . . . . . . . . Pima Throat aid. Yerba mansa Dry root held in the mouth for sore throats; infusion taken for itchy throat. Pima Tuberculosis remedy. HOUTTUYNIA CALIFORNICA Yerba mansa Decoction of crushed root taken for consumption. Pima Venereal aid. Yerba mansa Infusion of roots used as a wash for syphilis. Shoshone Cold remedy. Yerba mansa Decoction of roots taken as a tonic for general debility following colds. Shoshone Dermatological aid. Yerba mans a Poultice of boiled, mashed roots applied to swellings. Shoshone Disinfectant. Yerba mansa Decoction of roots used as an antiseptic wash. Shoshone Gast-intestinal aid. Yerba mansa Decoction of roots taken for stomachaches. Shoshone Tonic. Yerba mansa Decoction of roots taken as a tonic for general debility following colds. Shoshone Venereal aid. Yerba mansa Decoction of plant taken for gonorrhea. Tubatulabal Cold remedy. Yerba mansa Decoction of plant taken for heavy colds. Angelica at:ropurpurea Apiaceae Cherokee Abortifacient. Angelica "Root tonic" taken for obstructed menses; also, for weakly & nervous females .. Cherokee Carminative. Angelica "Root tonie" taken for ague and fever, for colds, and for flatulent colics. Cherokee Cold remedy. Angelica "Root tonic" taken for ague and fever, for colds, and for flatulent colics. Cherokee Febrifuge. Angelica "Root tonic" taken for ague and fever, for colds, and for flatulent colies. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Angelica "Root tonic" taken for ague and fever, for colds, and for flatulent colics. Cherokee Oral aid. Angelica "Root tonic" used as gargle for sore throat and mouth. . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Sedative. Angelica "Root tonic" taken for obstructed menses; also, for weakly & nervous females .. Cherokee Throat aid. Angelica "Root tonic" used as gargle for sore throat and mouth. Delaware-Okl Gast-intestinal aid. Angelica Root used to treat stomach disorders. . . . . . . . Delaware-OklOther. Angelica Seeds sometimes mixed with tobacco for smoking. Iroquois Analgesic. Angelica, purple stemmed Compound infusion of plants used as steam bath to sweat out headaches. Iroquois Antirheumatic - Ext. Angelica, purple stemmed Plant or root used internally, externally or in steam bath for rheumatism. Iroquois Blood medicine. Angelica, purple stemmed Dried roots used as blood purifier. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Cold remedy. Angelica, purple stemmed Decoction of smashed roots taken for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Diaphoretic. Angelica, purple stemmed Infusion of plants used as steam bath to sweat out rheumatism and headaches. Iroquois Febrifuge. Angelica, purple stemmed Decoction of dried roots taken for fevers and chills. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Angelica, purple stemmed Decoction of roots taken by women for weakness. Iroquois Misc disease remedy. Angelica, purple stemmed Decoction of smashed roots taken for the flu. .. Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Angelica, purple stemmed Poultice of roots applied to broken bones. . . . . Iroquois Other. Angelica, purple stemmed Decoction of roots used as steam bath for frostbite and exposure. Infusion of smashed roots used as wash to remove ghosts from the house. Iroquois Poison. Angelica, purple stemmed Plant used as poison. No preparation or application indicated. . Iroquois Pulmonary aid. Angelica, purple stemmed Infusion of roots used for pneumonia. No application indicated. Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Angelica, purple stemmed Plant used to punish evil persons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Genera

(17:78) (17:78) (56:80) (17:78) · (81:33,34) · (81:33,34) · (81:33,34) · (81:33,34) · (81:33,34) · (81:33,34) (86:59) (35:23) (35:23) (35:23) (35:23) (35:23) (35:23) (35:23) (35:23) (77:28,74) (77:28) (37:400) (37:400) (37:401) (37:401) (37:400) (37:401) (37:401) (37:401) (37:401) (37:400) (37:401) (37:401) (37:401) (37:401)

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Angelica

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Angelica atTO'[J'u:rtyUrea Apiaceae Menominee Analgesic. Angelica Poultice of cooked, pounded root applied to swellings or painful areas. Menominee Dermatological aid. Angelica Pou.ltice of cooked, pounded root applied to swellings or painful areas. Angelica genuftexa Apiaceae Bella Coola Cathartic. Decoction of root taken as a purgative; sometimes used raw. Gitksan Analgesic. Compound decoction of root taken for headache and weak eyes. Gitksan Eye medicine. Compound decoction of root taken for headache and weak eyes. Angelica Bp. Apiaceae Costanoan Analgesic. Root burned and inhaled for headaches. Costanoan Dermatological aid. Heated leaf juice rubbed on sores. .. Costanoan Gast-intestinal aid. Root chewed to relieve stomachaches. Costanoan Orthopedic aid. Burned twigs used to beat aching joints. Creek Analgesic. Angelica Roots well known for relieving "a dry belly-ache" and back pains. Creek Anthelmintic. Angelica Roots given to children as a vermifuge. . . . . . . . . Creek Carminative. Angelica Roots well known for "friendly carminative qualities." Creek Gast-intestinal aid. Angelica Roots well known for relieving all the disorders of the stomach & intestines. Creek Orthopedic aid. Angelica Root taken to ease back pain. Creek Pediatric aid. Angelica Roots given to children as a vermifuge. Creek Sedative. Angelica Roots well known for relieving hysterics. Gosiute Unspecified. ANGELICA PINNATA Root used as medicine. . . . . . . . . . . Mendocino Ind Analgesic. Angelica root Poultice of roots applied to head and ears for headaches and nightmares. Mendocino Ind Cold remedy. Angelica root Roots chewed and swallowed or smoked for colds. Mendocino Ind Eye medicine. Angelica root Root juice used for sore eyes. .. . . . . . . . . . . Mendocino Ind Febrifuge. Angelica root Roots chewed and swallowed for colic and fevers. Mendocino Ind Gast-intestinal aid. Angelica root Roots chewed and swallowed for colic and fevers. Mendocino Ind Psychological aid. Angelica root Poultice of roots applied to head and ears for headaches and nightmares. Mendocino Ind Respiratory aid. Angelica root Root smoked for catarrh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mendocino Ind Snake bite remedy. Angelica root Root rubbed on legs to prevent rattlesnake bites. Paiute Cold remedy. ANGELICA BREWERI Decoction of roots used for colds or chest ailments. Hot decoction of roots taken for colds. . . . . Paiute Cough medicine. ANGELICA BREWERI Dried root chewed for sore throats or coughs. Paiute Dermatological aid. ANGELICA BREWERI Salve of mashed roots applied to cuts and sores. Paiute Dermatological aid. Poultice of boiled roots applied to sores and swellings, especially venereal. Paiute Kidney aid. ANGELICA BREWERI Decoction of roots taken for kidney ailments instead of drinking water. Paiute Throat aid. ANGELICA BREWERI Dried root chewed for sore throat and coughs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Venereal aid. Poultice of boiled roots applied to sores and swellings, especially venereal. Shoshone Adjuvant. ANGELICA BREWERI Plant used as an adjuvant to improve flavor or amplify effect of medicines.

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Genera

(61:55) (61:55) (60:61) (60:61) (60:61) (5:23) (5:23) (5:23) (5:23) (75:657) (75:657) · (75:657) (75:657) (75:657) (75:657) (75:657) · (14:361) · (16:371) · (16:371) · (16:371) · (16:371) · (16:371) · (16:371) (16:371) (16:371) · (81:34,35) · (81:34,35) · (81:34,35) · (81:34,35) · . (73:317) · (81:34,35) · (81:34,35) · . (73:317) · (81:34,35)

Angelica

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Apiaceae Shoshone Analgesic. ANGELICA BREWERI Poultice of pulped roots applied to rheumatic pains or swellings. · (81:34,35) Shoshone Antirheumatic - Ext. ANGELICA BREWERI Poultice of pulped root applied to rheumatic pains or swellings. · (81:34,35) Shoshone Oold remedy. ANGELICA BREWERI · (81:34,35) Decoction of roots used for colds or chest ailments. . . . . . . . . Dried, shaved roots smoked in cigarettes for head colds. · (81:34,35) · (81:34,35) Hot decoction of roots and whiskey taken for heavy chest colds. Shoshone Pediatric aid. ANGELICA BREWERI Decoction of split root given to children for whooping cough. . . · (81:34,35) Shoshone Pulmonary aid. ANGELICA BREWERI Decoction of split root in whiskey given to children for whooping cough. · (81:34,35) Poultice of pulped roots applied for pneumonia. · (81:34,35) Shoshone Tonic. ANGELICA BREWERI Decoction of roots taken in small doses as a tonic. · (81:34,35) Shoshone Tuberculosis remedy. ANGELICA BREWERI · (81:34,35) Decoction of roots taken for tuberculosis. Shoshone Venereal aid. ANGELICA BREWERI Decoction of roots taken and used as a wash for venereal diseases. · (81:34,35) Shoshone Veterinary aid. ANGELICA BREWERI · (81:34,35) Smoke from root compound inhaled by horses for distemper. Tewa Analgesic. (54:71) Pulverized root taken with water to cure stomachache and vomiting. Tewa Antidiarrheal. (54:71) Root chewed or decoction taken as a remedy for stomach disorders or diarrhea. Tewa Antiemetic. (54:71) Pulverized root taken with water to cure stomachache and vomiting. . . . . . . Tewa Gast-intestinal aid. (54:71) Root chewed or decoction taken as a remedy for stomach disorders or diarrhea. Tewa Gynecological aid. (54:71) Decoction of root not recommended for pregnant women because of astringency. Washoe Adjuvant. ANGELICA BREWERI · (81:34,35) Plant used as an adjuvant to improve flavor or amplify effect of medicines. Washoe Oough medicine. ANGELICA BREWERI · (81:34,35) Dried root chewed for sore throats or coughs. Washoe Misc disease remedy. ANGELICA BREWERI · (81:34,35) Infusion of scraped, dried root taken for influenza. Washoe Respiratory aid. ANGELICA BREWERI · (81:34,35) Infusion of scraped, dried root taken for bronchitis. Washoe Throat aid. ANGELICA BREWERI · (81:34,35) Dried root chewed for sore throat or coughs. Yana Analgesic. ANGELICA TOMENTa SA t (57:253) Decocotion of roots taken or poultice of roots applied for headaches. Yana Antidiarrheal. ANGELICA TOMENTOSA t (57:253) Decoction of roots taken for colds, diarrhea, headaches and other ailments. Yana Oold remedy. ANGELICA TOMENTa SA t (57:253) Decoction of roots taken for colds, diarrhea, headaches and other ailments. Yana Panacea. ANGELICA TOMENTOSA t (57:253) Decoction of roots taken for colds, diarrhea, headaches and other ailments. Angelica 8ylvestriB Apiaceae Micmac Oold remedy. Angelica (15:54) Root used to treat head cold, sore throat, and cough. Micmac Oough medicine. Angelica (15:54) Root used to treat head cold, sore throat, and cough. Micmac Throat aid. Angelica (15:54) Root used to treat head cold, sore throat, and cough. Angelica tomento8a Apiaceae Karok Other. Roots used as a purification after a funeral. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (58:387) Angelica venen08a Apiaceae Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Angelica, hairy Poultice of plant applied to sprained muscles and twisted joints. (37:400) Iroquois Poison. Angelica, hairy Roots eaten to commit suicide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:400) Antennaria aprica Asteraceae Navaho-Kayenta Blood medicine. Plant chewed with deer or sheep tallow as a blood purifier. (91:44) Navaho-Ramah Oeremonial medicine. Pussy toes Plant used ceremonially to treat mad coyote bite. . . . . . . (84:47) Angelica 8p.

Genera

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39

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Antennaria

Table 1: Genera -Antennaria aprica Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Witchcraft medicine. Pussy toes Cold infusion of root taken for protection from witches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Antennaria neglecta Asteraceae Bella Coola Analgesic. ANTENNARIA HOWELLII Everlasting Decoction of leaves taken for body pain, but not pain in the limbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Antennaria neodioica Asteraceae Ojibwa Gynecological aid. Cat's foot, lesser Infusion of herb taken after childbirth to purge afterbirth and to heal. . . . . . . . . . . . . Anrennaria plantaginifolia Asteraceae Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. White plantain Infusion of entire plant given for "bowel complaint," especially to children .. Cherokee Gynecological aid. White plantain Infusion taken for excessive discharge in monthly period. . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Pediatric aid. White plantain Infusion of entire plant given for "bowel complaint," especially to children .. Fox Gynecological aid. Everlasting, plantain leaved Infusion of leaves taken after childbirth to prevent sickness. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Everlasting, plantain Infusion of roots taken for leukorrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Toothache remedy. Everlasting, plantain Decoction of plant used as a mouth wash for toothaches. Antennaria Tasea Asteraceae Gosiute Eye medicine. ANTENNARIA mOICA Everlasting Poultice of steeped plant applied to the eyes for snowblindness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Antennaria Tasulata Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Hunting medicine. Pussy toes Plants from where deer have slept or browsed used for good luck in hunting. Navaho-Ramah Pediatric aid. Pussy toes Compound decoction taken for birth injury. . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Witchcraft medicine. Pussy toes Cold infusion of root taken for protection from witches. Antennaria sp. Asteraceae Mahuna Dermatological aid. ANTENNARIA MARGARITACEA Cotton weed, American · Flowers used for skin ulcers and sores of the feet. Natchez Cold remedy. Pussy toes · Infusion of roots and tops taken for coughs and colds. · Warm infusion of tops and roots taken for coughs and colds. Natchez Cough medicine. Pussy toes Infusion of roots and tops taken for coughs and colds. Warm infusion of tops and roots taken for coughs and colds. Thompson Ind Cold remedy. Cough plant Some parts or whole plant chewed and swallowed for coughs and colds. Thompson Ind Cough medicine. Cough plant Some parts or whole plant chewed and swallowed for coughs and colds. Anthemis cotula Asteraceae Cherokee Analgesic. Dog fennel Used as an emetic and a tonic; also, as a "sudorific and anodyne for colds." Cherokee Anticonvulsive. Dog fennel Used for hysterics, epilepsy, "dropsy," asthma, rheumatism, and fevers. Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Dog fennel Used for hysterics, epilepsy, "dropsy," asthma, rheumatism, and fevers. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Dog fennel Bruised herb applied externally to "draw blister." . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Diaphoretic. Dog fennel Used as an emetic and a tonic; also, as a "sudorific and anodyne for colds." Cherokee Emetic. Dog fennel Used as an emetic and a tonic; also, as a "sudorific and anodyne for colds." Cherokee Febrifuge. Dog fennel Used for hysterics, epilepsy, "dropsy," asthma, rheumatism, and fevers. Cherokee Kidney aid. Dog fennel Used for hysterics, epilepsy, "dropsy," asthma, rheumatism, and fevers. Cherokee Respiratory aid. Dog fennel Used for hysterics, epilepsy, "dropsy," asthma, rheumatism, and fevers. Cherokee Sedative. Dog fennel Used for hysterics, epilepsy, "dropsy," asthma, rheumatism, and fevers. Cherokee Tonic. Dog fennel Used as an emetic and a tonic; also, as a "sudorific and anodyne for colds." Iroquois Antidiarrheal. May weed Compound decoction of plants, bark and roots taken for diarrhea.

40

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Genera

(84:47) (60:65) (63:363) (35:50) (35:50) (35:50) (62:210) (37:464) (37:464) (14:361) (84:47) (84:47) (84:47) (55:11) (79:60) (75:668) (79:60) (75:668) (71:458) (71:458) (35:32) (35:32) (35:32) (35:32) (35:32) (35:32) (35:32) (35:32) (35:32) (35:32) (35:32) (37:471)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Anthemis

Table 1: Genera - Anthemis cotula Asteraceae Iroquois Antiemetic. May weed Decoction or cold infusion of plants, bark and roots taken for vomiting. (37:471) Iroquois Blood medicine. May weed Compound decoction of bark, plants and roots taken as blood purifier . . (37:472) Iroquois Emetic. May weed (37:472) Cold infusion of stalks taken as emetic when not feeling well & spring fever. Iroquois Febrifuge. May weed Cold infusion of dried roots and stems taken as an emetic for spring fever. (37:472) Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. May weed (37:472) Cold infusion of stalks taken for ptomaine poisoning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:471) Compound decoction of plants taken for too much gall and biliousness. Compound decoction of plants, bark and roots taken for stomach cramps. (37:471) Decoction of plants taken for biliousness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . (37:472) Iroquois Misc disease remedy. May weed Decoction of plants given to children and adults for "summer complaint." (37:472) Decoction of plants given to children with "red spots." . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:471) Iroquois Pediatric aid. May weed (37:472) Decoction of plant given to children for "summer complaint" & stomach cramps. (37:471) Decoction of plants given to children with "red spots." . . . . Iroquois Pulmonary aid. May weed Compound decoction of plants taken for shortness of breath. (37:471) Iroquois Sedative. May weed Cold infusion of dried roots and stems taken as a sedative. (37:472) Iroquois Toothache remedy. May weed Root chewed for toothaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:471) Iroquois Venereal aid. May weed (37:472) Compound decoction of bark, plants and roots taken for venereal disease. Karok Gynecological aid. May weed (58:390) Plant used by pregnant women. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mendocino Ind Antirheumatic - Ext. May weed (16:392) Infusion of plants used as a wash for severe colds and rheumatism. Mendocino Ind Cold remedy. May weed Infusion of plants used as a wash for severe colds and rheumatism. (16:392) Mendocino Ind Eye medicine. May weed (16:392) Plant juice used as an eye wash. . . . . . . . . Mohegan Febrifuge. May weed (78:70,128) Cold infusion of leaves taken to reduce fever. (76:264) Cold infusion of plant taken for fever. Mohegan Panacea. May weed Cold infusion of leaves thought to "benefit the entire body." (78:70) Yuki Poison. Dog fennel Plant is poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (18:94) Anthemis nobilis Asteraceae Cherokee Abortifacient. Chamomile (35:28) Infusion of flower or herb for "female obstructions." Cherokee Antiemetic. Chamomile (35:28) For colic, bowel complaints, and vomiting. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Chamomile As poultice for ulcers and "hard swellings." (35:28) Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Chamomile For colic, bowel complaints, and vomiting. (35:28) Cherokee Sedative. Chamomile Infusion of flower or herb for "hysterical affections." (35:28) Mahuna Gast-intestinal aid. Chamomile, American field Plant used to regulate unsettled stomachs or for babies suffering from colic. (55:7) Mahuna Pediatric aid. Chamomile, American field (55:7) Plant used to regulate unsettled stomachs or for babies suffering from colic. Anthericum torreyi Liliaceae Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. (84:20) Cold infusion of root taken to ease delivery of placenta. Navaho-Ramah Veterinary aid. (84:20) Cold infusion of root used as lotion on sheep's swollen leg. (84:20) Cold simple or compound infusion given to livestock as aphrodisiac. Apium graveolens Apiaceae Houma Tuberculosis remedy. Celery, wild Compound decoction of plant with whiskey taken to cure tuberculosis. . . . . . . . . . . .. (68:64) Apium sp. Apiaceae Mahuna Kidney aid. Parsley, American Infusion of plant taken for chronic diseases of the kidneys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (55:68)

Genera

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41

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Aplectrum

Table 1: Genera -Aplectrum hyemale Orchidaceae Catawba Analgesic. Adam and Eve root Pounded, powdered, boiled roots used for boils and head pains. Catawba Dermatological aid. Adam and Eve root Pounded, powdered, boiled roots used for boils and head pains. Catawba Dermatological aid. Putty root Poultice of beaten roots applied to boils. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Dietary aid. Putty root Given to endow children with the gift of eloquence; also, to make them fat. Cherokee Pediatric aid. Putty root Given to endow children with the gift of eloquence; also, to make them fat. Apocynum androsaemifolium Apocynaceae Cherokee Veterinary aid. Dogbane, spreading Used to bathe dogs for mange. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chippewa Analgesic. Dogbane Root used as snuff, herbal steam, poultice, or in decoction for headache. Chippewa Anticonvulsive. Dogbane Compound decoction of root taken or sprinkled on chest for convulsions. Chippewa Cold remedy. Dogbane Weak decoction of root given only to infants for colds. Chippewa Ear medicine. Dogbane Decoction of root poured into ear for soreness. Chippewa Heart medicine. Dogbane Decoction of root taken for heart palpitations. Chippewa Hemostat. Dogbane Decoction of root on cotton or mashed root as plug in nostril for nosebleed. Chippewa Pediatric aid. Dogbane Weak decoction of root given only to infants for colds. . . . . . . . . . Chippewa Psychological aid. Dogbane Dried, pulverized root used in various ways for dizziness and insanity. Chippewa Stimulant. Dogbane Dried, pulverized root used in various ways for dizziness and insanity. Fox Gynecological aid. Dogbane, spreading Compound containing rind used by a woman with "an injured womb." Fox Kidney aid. Dogbane, spreading Root used in medicine for dropsy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Anthelmintic. Dogbane, spreading Compound infusion of roots taken for stomach cramps and for worms. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Dogbane, spreading Milk used for warts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Dogbane, spreading Compound infusion of roots taken for stomach cramps and for worms. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Dogbane, spreading Compound infusion of roots taken for evacuation of the placenta. Iroquois Liver aid. Dogbane, spreading Decoction of roots taken as a liver medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Veterinary aid. Dogbane, spreading Decoction of roots mixed with feed given to horses with worms. Ojibwa Analgesic. Dogbane, spreading Root smoke inhaled for headache. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ojibwa Ceremonial medicine. Dogbane, spreading Root eaten during the medicine lodge ceremony; considered sacred. Ojibwa Diuretic. Dogbane, spreading Infusion of root taken as a diuretic during pregnancy. Ojibwa Gynecological aid. Dogbane, spreading Infusion of root taken as a diuretic during pregnancy. Ojibwa Oral aid. Dogbane, spreading Root used to treat a coated tongue; also, used for headache. Ojibwa Throat aid. Dogbane, spreading Root eaten for throat trouble. Potawatomi Diuretic. Dogbane, spreading Root used as a diuretic. . . . . . . . . . Potawatomi Heart medicine. Dogbane, spreading Decoction of green berries used as a heart and kidney medicine. Potawatomi Kidney aid. Dogbane, spreading Decoction of green berries used as a heart and kidney medicine. Potawatomi Urinary aid. Dogbane, spreading Root used as a diuretic and urinary medicine. Salishan Unspecified. Indian hemp Plant used as a medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42

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Genera

· (67:188) · (67:188) (79:10) (35:51) (35:51) (35:32) (21:336) · (21:336) · (21:340) (21:360) (21:338) (21:356) (21:340) · (21:336) (21:336) (62:201) (62:201) (37:415) (37:415) (37:415) (37:415) (37:415) (37:415) (63:354,355) (63:354,355) (63:354,355) (63:354,355) (63:354,355) (63:354,355) (64:38) (64:38) (64:38) (64:38) (80:294)

Apocynum

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Apocynum androsaemifolium Apocynaceae Sanpoil Gynecological aid. Dogbane Infusion of roots taken about once a week as a contraceptive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apocynum cannabinum Apocynaceae Blackfeet Dermatological aid. Dogbane Decoction of root used as a wash "to prevent hair falling out." Blackfeet Laxative. Dogbane Decoction of root taken as a laxative. . . . . . . . . Cherokee Abortifacient. Indian hemp Root used for pox; also, for "uterine obstructions." Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Indian hemp Used for rheumatism, asthma, coughs, and whooping cough. Cherokee Cough medicine. Indian hemp Used for rheumatism, asthma, coughs, and whooping cough. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Indian hemp Root used for pox; infusion of root taken for "dropsy" and Bright's disease. Cherokee Kidney aid. Indian hemp Root used for pox; infusion of root taken for "dropsy" and Bright's disease. Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Indian hemp Used for rheumatism, asthma, coughs, and whooping cough. Cherokee Respiratory aid. Indian hemp Used for rheumatism, asthma, coughs, and whooping cough. Fox Kidney aid. Indian hemp Root used as a universal remedy for many things, especially dropsy and ague. Fox Misc disease remedy. Indian hemp Root used as a universal remedy for many things, especially dropsy and ague. Fox Panacea. Indian hemp Root used as a universal remedy for many things, especially dropsy and ague. Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Indian hemp Infusion of roots as wash for children with diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Blood medicine. Indian hemp Roots used as blood purifier. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Emetic. Indian hemp Infusion of roots taken as a spring or summer emetic. Iroquois Eye medicine. Indian hemp Infusion of roots taken to clear up yellow eyes. . . . . Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Indian hemp Roots used for biliousness. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Laxative. Indian hemp Roots used as a laxative. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Indian hemp Infusion of roots as wash for children with diarrhea. . . . . . . Menominee Anthelmintic. ApOCYNUM PUBESCENS Dogbane, velvet Decoction of root taken for worms. . . . . . . . . Micmac Anthelmintic. ApOCYNUM CANNABIUM Worm root Root used as a vermifuge. . . . . . . . . Penobscot Anthelmintic. Worm root Infusion of root taken to expel worms. Infusion of roots taken to expel worms. Thompson Ind Unspecified. Dogbane Decoction of root used medicinally for unspecified purpose. Apocynum medium Apocynaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Dogbane Leaves used as ceremonial emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Disinfectant. Dogbane Plant placed on hot rocks and applied to patient's head for "deer infection." Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Dogbane Leaves used as ceremonial emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apocynum sibiricum Apocynaceae Cree Cathartic. ApOCYNUM HYPERICIFOLIUM Decoction of chewed leaves and bark taken as an emetic and purgative. Cree Dermatologlcal aid. ApOCYNUM HYPERICIFOLIUM Poultice of chewed leaves and bark applied to wounds. . . . . . . . . . . Cree Emetic. ApOCYNUM HYPERICIFOLIUM Decoction of chewed leaves and bark taken as an emetic and purgative. Cree Unspecified. ApOCYNUM HYPERICIFOLIUM Plant used as medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Dogbane Decoction of plant taken for persistent stomachache. Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Dogbane Leaves as ceremonial emetic; cold infusion of leaves as ceremonial lotion.

Genera

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(51:219) (45:276) (45:276) (35:38) (35:38) (35:38) (35:38) (35:38) (35:38) (35:38) (62:201) (62:201) (62:201) (37:415) (37:415) (37:416) (37:416) (37:415) (37:415) (37:415) (22:131) (15:54) (66:310) (66:310) (71:470) (84:39) (84:39) (84:39) (40:303) (40:303) (40:303) (40:303) (84:39) (84:39)

43

Apocynum

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Apocynum sibiricum Apocynaceae Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Dogbane Leaves as ceremonial emetic; cold infusion of leaves as ceremonial lotion. Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Dogbane Decoction of plant taken for persistent stomachache. . . . . . . . . . . . . Apocynum sp. Apocynaceae Chippewa Analgesic. Dogbane Snuff of dried, pulverized root used to cause sneezing, relieving headache. Chippewa Cough medicine. Dogbane Snuff of dried, pulverized root used to cause sneezing, "relieving the head." Apocynum 8'!1ksdorfii Apocynaceae Navaho-Kayenta Ceremonial medicine. Plant used as a Waterway emetic. Navaho-Kayenta Emetic. Plant used as a Waterway emetic. Navaho-Kayenta Other. Plant used for immersion in cold water. Aquilegia canade'l'lllis Ranunculaceae Cherokee Gynecological aid. Columbine Infusion taken for heart trouble; also, cold infusion used to stop "flux." Cherokee Heart medicine. Columbine Infusion taken for heart trouble; also, cold infusion used to stop "flux." Fox Antidiarrheal. Columbine Decoction of root and leaves taken to cure diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . Fox Ceremonial medicine. Columbine Decoction of root & leaf used as a "power of persuasion at trade or council." Fox Gast-intestinal aid. Columbine Root chewed for stomach and bowel troubles. Fox Love medicine. Columbine Seeds used with love medicine; also, used for smoking. Fox Urinary aid. Columbine Compound containing root taken ''when the contents of the bladder are thick." Iroquois Dermatological aid. Columbine Compound infusion of plants taken and used as a wash for poison ivy and itch. Iroquois Kidney aid. Columbine Infusion of roots taken before meals for the kidneys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Columbine Compound used to detect bewitchment. No preparation or application indicated .. Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. Columbine, wild Root considered a good medicine for stomach trouble. Omaha Analgesic. Columbine, wild Infusion of crushed seeds taken for headache and fever. Omaha Febrifuge. Columbine, wild Infusion of crushed seeds taken for fever and headache. Omaha Love medicine. Columbine, wild Pulverized seeds used as a love charm. . . . . . . . . . . Pawnee Analgesic. Columbine, wild Infusion of crushed seeds taken for headache and fever. Pawnee Febrifuge. Columbine, wild Infusion of crushed seeds taken for fever and headache. Pawnee Love medicine. Columbine, wild Seeds .used as a love charm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... Ponca Analgesic. Columbine, wild Infusion of crushed seeds taken for fever and headache. Ponca Febrifuge. Columbine, wild Infusion of crushed seeds taken for fever and headache. Ponca Love medicine. Columbine, wild Pulverized seeds used as a love charm. . . . . . . . . . . Aquilegia formosa Ranunculaceae Paiute Cold remedy. Decoction of leaves taken for colds. Paiute Cough medicine. Leaves chewed for coughs or sore throats. Paiute Dermatological aid. Poultice of chewed roots or leaves applied to bee stings. Paiute Gast-intestinal aid. Seeds chewed for stomachaches. Paiute Panacea. Plant used for a variety of maladies. Paiute Throat aid. Leaves chewed for coughs or sore throats.

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Genera

(84:39) (84:39) · (21:340) · (21:340) (91:36) (91:36) (91:36) (35:30) (35:30) (62:238,239) (62:238,239) (62:238,239) (62:238,239) (62:238,239) · (37:320) · (37:320) · (37:320) · (63:383) · (30:82,83) · (30:82,83) · (30:82,83) · (30:82,83) · (30:82,83) · (30:82,83) · (30:82,83) · (30:82,83) · (30:82,83) · (42:197) · (42:197) · (42:196) · (42:197) (42:155) (42:197)

Aquilegia

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Aquilegia formosa Ranunculaceae Quileute Dermatological aid. Columbine Poultice of chewed leaves or milky pulp from scraped roots applied to sores. Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Columbine Decoction of whole plant used as a wash for the hair and scalp. Thompson Ind Love medicine. Columbine Plant used as a charm by women "to gain the affection of men." Thompson Ind Other. Columbine Plant used as a charm by both sexes ''to retain wealth and possessions." Plant used as a charm for good luck in gambling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aquilegia micromha Ranunculaceae Navaho-Kayenta Gynecological aid. Plant used to deliver placenta. Navaho-Kayenta Hemostat. Plant used as a hemostatic. .. Aquilegia 8'fJ. Ranunculaceae Gosiute Analgesic. AQUILEGIA COERULEA Columbine . Seed chewed or infusion of roots used for abdominal pains. Gosiute Gast-intestinal aid. AQUILEGIA COERULEA Columbine Seed chewed or infusion of roots used for abdominal pains. Gosiute Heart medicine. AQUILEGIA COERULEA Columbine Plant used as a medicine for the heart. . . . . . . . . . . . . Gosiute Panacea. AQUILEGIA COERULEA Columbine Seed chewed or infusion of roots used when "sick allover." Paiute Analgesic. AQUILEGIA FORMOSA t Columbine Mashed fresh roots rubbed briskly on aching rheumatic joints. Paiute Antirheumatic - Ext. AQUILEGIA FORMOSA t Columbine Mashed fresh roots rubbed briskly on aching rheumatic joints. Paiute Cough medicine. AQUILEGIA FORMOSA t Columbine Decoction of roots taken as a cough remedy. Shoshone Analgesic. AQUILEGIA FORMOSA t Columbine Decoction of roots taken for stomachaches. Shoshone Antidiarrheal. AQUILEGIA FORMOSA t Columbine Decoction of roots taken to stop diarrhea. .. . . . . . .. Shoshone Dermatological aid. AQUILEGIA FORMOSA t Columbine Mashed ripe seeds rubbed into hair "to discourage head lice." Shoshone Emetic. AQUILEGIA FORMOSA t Columbine Compound decoction of root taken to induce vomiting. Shoshone Gast-intestinal aid. AQUILEGIA FORMOSA t Columbine Decoction of roots and leaves taken for dizziness or for biliousness. Decoction of roots taken for stomachaches. . . . . . . . . .. Shoshone Stimulant. AQUILEGIA FORMOSA t Columbine Decoction of roots and leaves taken to counteract dizziness. Shoshone Venereal aid. AQUILEGIA FORMOSA t Columbine Decoction of whole plant taken for venereal diseases. . ... Aquilegia tritemata Ranunculaceae Navaho-Kayenta Analgesic. Plant used as a ceremonial fumigant for headaches or other severe pain. Navaho-Kayenta Ceremonial medicine. Plant used as a ceremonial fumigant for headaches or other severe pain. Arabis drummondi Brassicaceae Okanagan Analgesic. Cress, rock Decoction of whole plant taken for pains in the lumbar region. Okanagan Kidney aid. Cress, rock Decoction of whole plant taken for kidney and bladder troubles. Okanagan Orthopedic aid. Cress, rock Decoction of whole plant taken for pains in the lumbar region. . Okanagan Urinary aid. Cress, rock Decoction of whole plant taken for kidney and bladder troubles. Thompson Ind Analgesic. Cress, rock Decoction of whole plant taken for pains in the lumbar region. . Thompson Ind Kidney aid. Cress, rock Decoction of whole plant taken for kidney and bladder troubles. Thompson Ind Orthopedic aid. Cress, rock Decoction of whole plant taken for pains in the lumbar region. . Thompson Ind Urinary aid. Cress, rock Decoction of whole plant taken for kidney and bladder troubles. Arabis drummondii Brassicaceae Salishan Venereal aid. Cress, rock Decoction of plants taken for gonorrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Genera

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(34:30) (71:475) (71:507) (71:507) (71:507) (91:22) (91:22) (14:362) (14:362) (14:362) (14:362) (81:37) (81:37) (81:37) (81:37) (81:37) (81:37) (81:37) (81:37) (81:37) (81:37) (81:37) (91:22) (91:22) (48:41) (48:41) (48:41) (48:41) (48:41) (48:41) (48:41) (48:41) (80:294)

45

Arabis

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Arabis drummondii Brassicaceae Thompson Ind Analgesic. Rockcress Decoction of whole plant taken as a diuretic and for lower back pains. (71:464) Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Rockcress (71:464) Poultice of fresh or dried plant applied to sores. Thompson Ind Diuretic. Rockcress Decoction of whole plant taken as a diuretic. .. (71:464) Thompson Ind Urinary aid. Rockcress Decoction of whole plant taken as a kidney and bladder medicine. . (71:464) Thompson Ind Venereal aid. Rockcress Strong decoction of plant taken as a remedy for gonorrhea. (71:464) Arabia fendlen Brassicaceae Navaho-Ramah Other. Rockcress . (84:28) Whole plant used as a "life medicine." Arabia glabra Brassicaceae Cheyenne Cold remedy. Plant used for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (33:174) Cheyenne Panacea. Plant used as a general preventive of sickness. (33:174) Arabia perennans Brassicaceae Navaho-Kayenta Anticonvulsive. Plant used for hiccoughs caused by dry throat. (91:23) Navaho-Kayenta Psychological aid. Plant used for effects of a bad dream. (91:23) Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Rockcress, early flowering (84:28) Cold infusion taken and used as lotion for general body pain. Arabis sp. Brassicaceae Shoshone Antirheumatic - Ext. ARABIS PUBERULA Rockcress Crushed plant used as a liniment or as a mustard plaster. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (81:37) Aralia cali/arnica Araliaceae Mendocino Ind Cold remedy. Spikenard, California Decoction of dried roots taken for consumption, colds and fevers. (16:371) Mendocino Ind Febrifuge. Spikenard, California Decoction of dried roots taken for consumption, colds and fevers. (16:371) Mendocino Ind Gast-intestinal aid. Spikenard, California Decoction of dried roots taken for diseases of the lungs and stomach. (16:371) Mendocino Ind Pulmonary aid. Spikenard, California Decoction of dried roots taken for diseases of the lungs and stomach. (16:371) Mendocino Ind Tuberculosis remedy. Spikenard, California Decoction of dried roots taken for consumption, colds and fevers. (16:371) Pomo Dermatological aid. Elk clover Decoction of roots used as a wash for sores and itching sores. (27:14) Pomo Panacea. Elk clover (27:14) Plant used as a medicine for various ailments. . . . . . . . . . Aralia hispida Araliaceae Potawatomi Alterative. Sarsaparilla, bristly Root used as an alterative and tonic. (64:40) Potawatomi Tonic. Sarsaparilla, bristly Root used as an alterative and tonic. (64:40) Aralia nudicaulia Araliaceae Bella Coola Analgesic. Sarsaparilla Decoction of root taken for pain in the stomach; also, as a beverage. (60:61) Bella Coola Gast-intestinal aid. Sarsaparilla (60:61) Decoction of root taken for stomach pain; also, used as a beverage. Cherokee Blood medicine. Sarsaparilla, wild Infusion of root taken as a blood tonic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (35:53) Chippewa Abortifacient. Sarsaparilla, wild Simple or compound decoction of root taken for "stoppage of periods." (21:358) Chippewa Blood medicine. Sarsaparilla, wild Decoction of root taken to treat "humor in the blood." (21:340) Mashed root taken as a "remedy for the blood." (21:350) Chippewa Dermatological aid. Sarsaparilla, wild Poultice of mashed fresh root applied to sores. . (21:350) Chippewa Hemostat. Sarsaparilla, wild Chewed fresh root or dried, powdered root used for nosebleed. (21:356) Chippewa Veterinary aid. Sarsaparilla, wild Compound infusion of root applied to chest and legs of horse as a stimulant. (21:366) Delaware-Okl Tonic. Sarsaparilla Compound containing root used as a tonic. . . . . . . . . . (77:74) Fox Burn dressing. Sarsaparilla, wild Poultice of pounded root applied to cure burns and sores. (62:203)

46

•

Genera

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Aralia

Table 1: Genera - Aralia nudicaulis Araliaceae Fox Dermatological aid. Sarsaparilla, wild Poultice of pounded root applied to cure burns and sores. Fox Stimulant. Sarsaparilla, wild Compound decoction of root "gives strength to one who is weak." Iroquois Blood medicine. Sarsaparilla Infusion of roots taken as a blood medicine and blood purifier. Iroquois Cancer treatment. Sarsaparilla Plant used for cancer. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Cold remedy. Sarsaparilla Plant used for colds. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Cough medicine. Sarsaparilla Compound infusion of roots taken as a consumption cough medicine. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Sarsaparilla Compound decoction applied as poultice to cuts, sores and ulcers on legs. Compound infusion of roots applied as salve on venereal disease skin cracks. Compound infusion of roots taken for fever sores. Powdered root applied to split skin between the toes. Iroquois Eye medicine. Sarsaparilla Decoction of roots used as a wash for sore eyes. Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Sarsaparilla Infusion of roots taken as a blood medicine or for upset stomach. Iroquois Misc disease remedy. Sarsaparilla Plant used for sugar diabetes. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Throat aid. Sarsaparilla Compound applied as poultice for sore throat. No preparation indicated. Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Sarsaparilla Compound infusion of roots taken as a consumption cough medicine. .. Iroquois Venereal aid. Sarsaparilla Compound infusion of roots applied as salve on venereal disease skin cracks. Kwakiutl Antihemorrhagic. Sarsaparilla Roasted, beaten, broken roots and grease taken for coughing & blood spitting. Kwakiutl Cough medicine. Sarsaparilla Roasted, beaten, broken roots and grease taken for coughing & blood spitting. Menominee Dermatological aid. Sarsaparilla, wild Compound decoction of root used to treat sores. Menominee Pulmonary aid. Sarsaparilla, wild Compound decoction of root taken for "lung trouble." Micmac Cough medicine. ARALIA NAUDICAULIS Sarsaparilla Root used as a cough medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mohegan Tonic. Sarsaparilla Complex compound infusion including sarsaparilla root taken as spring tonic. Compound decoction of root taken as a spring tonic. . . . . . . . . Ojibwa Anticonvulsive. Sarsaparilla, wild Infusion of leaves taken for fainting, fits and as a blood medicine. Ojibwa Blood medicine. Sarsaparilla, wild Infusion of leaves taken for fainting, fits and as a blood medicine. Infusion of plants taken as a blood medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . Ojibwa Dermatological aid. Sarsaparilla, wild Poultice of pounded root applied to cure boils and carbuncles. Ojibwa Stimulant. Sarsaparilla, wild Infusion of leaves taken for fainting, fits and as a blood medicine. Okanagan Blood medicine. Sarsaparilla, wild Plant used as a tonic and blood purifier. Okanagan Dermatological aid. Sarsaparilla, wild Plant used for pimples. . . . . . . . . . . Okanagan Tonic. Sarsaparilla, wild Plant used as a tonic and blood purifier. Penobscot Cough medicine. Sarsaparilla Compound infusion of powdered root taken for coughs. Potawatomi Dermatological aid. Sarsaparilla, wild Poultice of pounded root applied to reduce swellings and cure infections. Potawatomi Disinfectant. Sarsaparilla, wild Poultice of root applied to reduce swelling and cure infections. Thompson Ind Blood medicine. Sarsaparilla, wild Decoction of root taken "for the blood and pimples." Plant used as a tonic and blood purifier. ...... . Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Sarsaparilla Decoction of root taken "for the blood and pimples." Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Sarsaparilla, wild Plant used for pimples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Genera

(62:203) (62:203) (37:393) (37:394) (37:394) (37:393) (37:393) (37:393) (37:394) (37:394) (37:393) (37:393) (37:394) (37:394) (37:393) (37:393) (82:277) (82:277) (22:130) (22:130) (15:54) (76:266) (78:70,128) (52:231) (52:231) (52:237) (63:356) (52:231) (48:42) (48:42) (48:42) (66:310) · (64:40,41) · (64:40,41) (71:471) (48:42) (71:471) (48:42)

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47

Aralia

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Aralia nudicaulis Araliaceae

Thompson Ind Stimulant. Sarsaparilla, wild Decoction of root taken to treat lassitude and general debility. Thompson Ind Tonic. Sarsaparilla, wild Decoction of root taken as a tonic. Plant used as a tonic and blood purifier. Aralia mcemosa Araliaceae Cherokee Burn dressing. Spikenard Ooze of beaten roots used as wash for burns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Cough medicine. Spikenard Taken as an expectorant; taken for coughs, asthma, and diseases of the lungs. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Spikenard Astringent; infusion taken for menstrual problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ooze of root used as poultice on swelling; also, for fresh wounds and cuts. Cherokee Diaphoretic. Spikenard Infusion of roots & berries taken as a tonic, a diaphoretic, & an antiseptic .. Cherokee Disinfectant. Spikenard Infusion of roots & berries taken as a tonic, a diaphoretic, & an antiseptic .. Cherokee Expectorant. Spikenard Taken as an expectorant; taken for coughs, asthma, and diseases of the lungs. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Spikenard Taken for weak backs; also, infusion taken for menstrual problems. Cherokee Orthopedic aid. Spikenard Taken for weak backs; also, infusion taken for menstrual problems. Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Spikenard Taken as an expectorant; taken for coughs, asthma, and diseases of the lungs. Cherokee Respiratory aid. Spikenard Taken as an expectorant; taken for coughs, asthma, and diseases of the lungs. Cherokee Tonic. Spikenard Infusion of roots & berries taken as a tonic, a diaphoretic, & an antiseptic .. Chippewa Abortifacient. Spikenard Compound decoction of root taken for "stoppage of periods." Chippewa Cough medicine. Spikenard Decoction of root taken for cough. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chippewa Dermatological aid. Spikenard Poultice of pounded root applied to "draw" and heal boils. Poultice of roots applied to boils. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chippewa Orthopedic aid. Spikenard Compound poultice of root, or decoction of root applied to fractured bone. Decoction of root or poultice of root applied to sprain or strained muscles. Choctaw Analgesic. Spikenard, American Sweetened decoction of root given to children for "gripes, colic, etc." Choctaw Expectorant. Spikenard, American Berries and root used as a stimulant and as an expectorant. Choctaw Eye medicine. Spikenard, American Decoction of root used to steam sore eyes. . . . . . . . . . . Choctaw Gast-intestinal aid. Spikenard, American Sweetened decoction of root given to children for "gripes, ·colic, etc." Choctaw Pediatric aid. Spikenard, American Berries and root used for many children's complaints. . . . . . . . . . Sweetened decoction of root given to children for "gripes, colic, etc." Choctaw Stimulant. Spikenard, American Berries and root used as a stimulant and as an expectorant. Fox Adjuvant. Spikenard, Indian Split root used as a seasoner for other medicines. . . . . . . Fox Gynecological aid. Spikenard, Indian Sprayed from the mouth upon women's heads, when they are giving birth. Iroquois Abortifacient. Spikenard Plant used to promote menstruation when stopped by a cold. Iroquois Anthelmintic. Spikenard Chewed plant induces tapeworm to pass. Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Spikenard Infusion of smashed roots taken for diarrhea. Iroquois Antirheumatic - Int. Spikenard Compound used for rheumatism. No preparation or application indicated. Infusion of roots taken at night for rheumatism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Blood medicine. Spikenard Compound decoction of roots and bark taken for watery blood and as purifier. Iroquois Cough medicine. Spikenard Decoction of roots taken for coughs or threatening consumption. . . . . . . . .

48

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Genera

(71:471) (71:471) (48:42) (35:57) (35:57) (35:57) (35:57) (35:57) (35:57) (35:57) (35:57) (35:57) (35:57) (35:57) (35:57) (21:358) (21:340) (21:350) (31:137) (21:366) (21:362) (9:287) (9:287) (9:287) (9:287) (9:287) (9:287) (9:287) (62:203) (62:203) (37:393) (37:392) (37:391) (37:392) (37:391) (37:392) (37:392)

Aralia

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera -Aralia rocemosa Araliaceae Iroquois Dermatological aid. Spikenard Decoction of roots used as wash and applied as poultice to deep cuts. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Spikenard Compound decoction of roots taken for miscarriage. . . . . . . . . . Decoction of bark taken for prolapsus of the uterus or fallen womb. Iroquois Kidney aid. Spikenard Compound decoction of roots and bark taken for dropsy or watery blood. Iroquois Liver aid. Spikenard Compound used for the liver. No preparation or application indicated. . . Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Spikenard Compound decoction of roots and bark taken for swellings on shins and calves. Iroquois Pulmonary aid. Spikenard Decoction of roots taken for whooping cough. Iroquois Strengthener. Spikenard Cold infusion of roots taken for more strength. Iroquois Tonic. Spikenard Compound decoction of roots taken as a tonic by women. Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Spikenard Decoction of roots taken for coughs or threatening consumption. Iroquois Urinary aid. Spikenard Compound decoction of bark taken by old men with urinary problems. Iroquois Venereal aid. Spikenard Compound decoction of roots taken for venereal disease. Menominee Analgesic. Spikenard, Indian Drink made from root taken for stomachache. . . . . . . Menominee Blood medicine. Spikenard, Indian Root used in cases of blood poisoning; also, a poultice for sores. Menominee Dermatological aid. Spikenard, Indian Poultice of root applied to sores; also, used to treat blood poisoning. Menominee Gast-intestinal aid. Spikenard, Indian Drink made from root said to be good for a stomachache. . . . . . . . Micmac Analgesic. Spikenard Root used to treat headaches and female pains; also, for kidney troubles. Micmac Antihemorrhagic. Spikenard Root used to treat gonorrhea; also, to treat persons spitting blood. Micmac Cold remedy. Spikenard Root used to treat colds and sore throats. . . . . . . . Micmac Cough medicine. Spikenard Root used to treat consumption, coughs, and fatigue. Micmac Dermatological aid. Spikenard Root used to treat sore eyes; also, used for wounds. Micmac Eye medicine. Spikenard Root used to treat sore eyes; also, used for wounds. Micmac Gynecological aid. Spikenard Root used to treat headaches and female pains; also, for kidney troubles. Micmac Kidney aid. Spikenard Root used to treat headaches and female pains; also, for kidney troubles. Micmac Stimulant. Spikenard Root used to treat consumption, coughs, and fatigue. Micmac Throat aid. Spikenard Root used to treat colds and sore throats. .. . . . . . Micmac Tuberculosis remedy. Spikenard Root used to treat consumption, coughs, and fatigue. Micmac Venereal aid. Spikenard Root used to treat gonorrhea; also, to treat persons spitting blood. Ojibwa Unspecified. Spikenard Plant used for medicinal purposes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Penobscot Antihemorrhagic. Spikenard Compound infusion of plant taken as a tonic and for "spitting up blood." Penobscot Kidney aid. Spikenard Compound infusion of plant taken for gonorrhea and kidney trouble. . .. Penobscot Tonic. Spikenard Compound infusion of plant taken as a tonic and for "spitting up blood." Penobscot Venereal aid. Spikenard Compound infusion of plant taken for gonorrhea and kidney trouble. Potawatomi Dermatological aid. Spikenard, Indian Hot poultice of pounded root applied to inflammations. . . . . . . . . Aralia sp. Araliaceae Creek Antihemorrhagic. Root used for passing blood.

Genera

(37:392) (37:393) (37:392) (37:392) (37:392) (37:392) (37:392) (37:392) (37:392) (37:392) (37:392) (37:392) (61:24) (61:24) (61:24) (61:24) · (15:54,55) · (15:54,55) · (15:54,55) · (15:54,55) · (15:54,55) · (15:54,55) · (15:54,55) · (15:54,55) · (15:54,55) · (15:54,55) · (15:54,55) · (15:54,55) (52:237) (66:311) (66:311) (66:311) (66:311) (64:41) (79:43)

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49

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Aralia

Table 1: Genera - Aralia sp. Araliaceae Montagnais Stimulant. ARALIA MEDICALIS Sarsaparilla Infusion of root taken for ''weakness.'' Montagnais Tonic. ARALIA MEDICALIS Sarsaparilla Wine made from berries taken as a tonic. . . . Aralia spinosa Araliaceae Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Devil's walking stick Used for rheumatism; also, used for venereal diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Carminative. Devil's walking stick Used as a tonic & a diaphoretic; also, a carminative for "flatulent colic." Cherokee Dermatological aid. Devil's walking stick Root used in salve for old sores; ooze of root used as wash for paralysis. Cherokee Diaphoretic. Devil's walking stick Used as a tonic & a diaphoretic; also, a carminative for "flatulent colic." Cherokee Emetic. Devil's walking stick Infusion of roasted and pounded roots used as strong emetic. . . . . . . Cherokee Emetic. Hercules club Decoction of roasted and pounded roots given as a very strong emetic. Cherokee Other. Devil's walking stick Root used in salve for old sores; ooze of root used as wash for paralysis. Cherokee Poison. Hercules club Roots, when green, are poisonous. . ..................... . Cherokee Tonic. Devil's walking stick Used as a tonic & a diaphoretic; also, a carminative for "flatulent colic." Cherokee Toothache remedy. Devil's walking stick Used for rheumatism; also, for "ache of decaying teeth." Cherokee Venereal aid. Devil's walking stick Used for rheumatism; also, used for venereal diseases. Choctaw Dermatological aid. Angelica tree Poultice of mashed, boiled roots applied to boils. Choctaw Other. Angelica tree Poultice of beaten roots applied to swollen leg veins. Koasati Eye medicine: Angelica tree Cold infusion of roots used as drops for sore eyes. .. Rappahannock Dermatological aid. Sun brier Decoction of root, sugar and flour or bran as salve for boils, sores & fever. Rappahannock Febrifuge. Sun brier Decoction of root, sugar and flour or bran as salve for boils, sores & fever. Arbutus menziesii Ericaceae Concow Emetic. Madrona Plant eaten to cause vomiting. Karok Ceremonial medicine. Madrona Leaves used in the puberty ceremony. Little Lake Cold remedy. Madrona Infusion of leaves taken for colds. Pomo Dermatological aid. Madrona Decoction of bark used as a wash for skin sores. Skokomish Cold remedy. Madrona Infusion of leaves taken for colds, sore throats or ulcerated stomach. Skokomish Gast-intestinal aid. Madrona Infusion of leaves taken for colds, sore throats or ulcerated stomach. Skokomish Throat aid. Madrona Infusion of leaves taken for colds, sore throats or ulcerated stomach. Yuki Dermatological aid. Madrona Infusion of leaves and bark taken for sores and cuts. Yuki Emetic. Madrona Plant eaten to cause vomiting. . . . . . . Yuki Gast-intestinal aid. Madrona Infusion of bark taken for stomachaches. Yuki Veterinary aid. Madrona Infusion of leaves and bark given to horses with sore backs. Arceuthobium americanum Loranthaceae Bella Coola Antihemorrhagic. Mistletoe, small Decoction taken as a potent medicine for hemorrhage of lungs. . . . . . . . Bella Coola Pulmonary aid. Mistletoe, small Decoction of plant taken as potent medicine for hemorrhage of the lungs. S Carrier Antihemorrhagic. Mistletoe, small Decoction taken as a potent medicine for hemorrhage from the mouth. S Carrier Dietary aid. Mistletoe, small Decoction of plant taken for emaciation; also, taken for tuberculosis.

50

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Genera

(66:315) (66:315) · (35:31,32) · (35:31,32) · (35:31,32) · (35:31,32) · (35:31,32) ..

(90:74)

· (35:31,32) ..

(90:74)

· (35:31,32) · (35:31,32) · (35:31,32) (79:44) (79:44) (79:44) (69:26) (69:26) (16:374) (58:387) (16:374) (27:14) (34:44) (34:44) (34:44) (18:47) (16:374) (16:374) (18:47) (60:56) (60:56) (60:56) (60:56)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Arceuthobium

Table 1: Genera - Arceuthobium americanum Loranthaceae S Carrier Tuberculosis remedy. Mistletoe, small Decoction of plant taken for hemorrhage from mouth; also, for tuberculosis. . . . . . . . . (60:56) Arceuthobium campylopodum Loranthaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Mistletoe, small Cold infusion used internally and externally as ceremonial medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:23) Arceuthobium sp. Loranthaceae Mendocino Ind Gast-intestinal aid. RAZOUMOSFSKYA OCCIDENTALIS Decoction of plant taken for stomachaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (16:345) Arceuthobium vaginatum Loranthaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Mistletoe, small (84:23) Decoction of plant used as a ceremonial medicine. Arctium lappa Asteraceae Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Burdock (35:27) Used for rheumatism, "gravel,", scurvy, and for "weakly females." . . . . Cherokee Blood medicine. Burdock (35:27) Infusion of root or seed used to cleanse blood; also, for venereal diseases. Cherokee Dietary aid. Burdock (35:27) Used for rheumatism, "gravel," scurvy, and for "weakly females." Cherokee Gynecological aid. Burdock (35:27) Used for rheumatism, "gravel," scurvy, and for "weakly females." Cherokee Urinary aid. Burdock (35:27) Used for rheumatism, "gravel," scurvy, and for ''weakly females." Cherokee Venereal aid. Burdock (35:27) Infusion of root or seed used to cleanse blood and for venereal diseases. Menominee Dermatological aid. Burdock (22:132) Poultice of boiled leaves applied to scrofulous sores on the neck. Menominee Tuberculosis remedy. Burdock (22:132) Poultice of boiled leaves applied to scrofulous sores on the neck. Micmac Dermatological aid. Burdock roots (15:55) Buds and roots used to treat sores; also, used to treat chancre. Micmac Venereal aid. Burdock roots Buds and roots used to treat sores; also, used to treat chancre. (15:55) Ojibwa Blood medicine. Roots used as a blood medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (52:238) Arctium minus Asteraceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Burdock, common (35:27) Boiled to make "ooze" for leg ulcers; also, used to bathe swollen legs. Chippewa Cough medicine. Burdock Infusion of leaves taken after a coughing spell for a hard, dry cough. (21:340) Cowlitz Pulmonary aid. Burdock (34:50) Infusion of roots taken for whooping cough. Delaware-Okl Antirheumatic - Int. Burdock Infusion of root taken for rheumatism. (77:31,74) Delaware-Okl Blood medicine. Burdock (77:31,74) Infusion of root taken as a blood purifier. Delaware-Okl Stimulant. Burdock (77:31,74) Infusion of root taken as a stimulant. . . . Delaware-Ont Analgesic. Burdock Poultice of leaves bound to body to reduce pain. · (77:66,82) Delaware-Ont Blood medicine. Burdock Roots used in medicine taken as a blood purifier. · (77:66,82) Fox Analgesic. Burdock, common (62:211) Compound containing root used by women in labor. Fox Gynecological aid. Burdock, common Compound containing root used by women in labor. (62:211) Micmac Dermatological aid. Dock root (15:55) Roots used to treat boils and abscesses. . . . . . . . Mohegan Analgesic. Burdock Poultice of leaves applied to relieve rheumatic pains. (78:70) Mohegan Antirheumatic - Ext. Burdock (78:70,128) Poultice of leaves applied to relieve rheumatic pains. Poultice of leaves to relieve rheumatism.· . . . . . . . . (76:269) Mohegan Cold remedy. Burdock (76:266) Compound infusion of plants taken for wintertime colds. Nanticoke Dermatological aid. Burdock Poultice of leaves applied to boils. . . . . . . . . . . . (77:57,84) Ojibwa Analgesic. Burdock, common (63:363) Compound containing root taken for stomach pain. Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. Burdock, common (63:363) Compound containing root used as medicine for stomach pain.

Genera

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51

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Arctium

Table 1: Genera - Arctium min1J8 Asteraceae

Ojibwa Tonic. Burdock, common Root supposed to have tonic effect. . . . . . . . . (63:363) Oto Pulmonary aid. Burdock (30:135) Decoction of root taken as a remedy for pleurisy. Penobscot Dermatological aid. Dock root Poultice of mashed, heated root applied to boils and abcesses. (66:309) Potawatomi Blood medicine. Burdock, common (64:49) Infusion of root taken as a blood purifier and general tonic. Potawatomi Tonic. Burdock, common (64:49) Infusion of root taken as a general tonic and blood purifier. Arctium sp. Asteraceae Iroquois Analgesic. Burdock (37:474) Compound poultice of smashed leaves applied to the head for headaches. (37:474) Poultice of leaves applied to pain caused by sorcery. . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Antirheumatic - Ext. Burdock (37:475) Poultice of leaves applied to draw poison out and to sweat for rheumatism. Iroquois Blood medicine. Burdock (37:474) Compound infusion of roots and leaves taken as a blood purifier. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Burdock Compound decoction of bark or roots taken for sores or boils. (37:474) Compound infusion of dried roots taken for pimples on face and neck. · (37:474) Poultice of one smashed leaf applied to bee stings. · (37:474) Poultice of powdered plant applied to cuts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · (37:475) Iroquois Diaphoretic. Burdock Poultice of leaves applied to draw poison out and to sweat for rheumatism. · (37:475) Iroquois Diuretic. Burdock Decoction of roots taken to increase urination. . · (37:475) Iroquois Ear medicine. Burdock (37:474) Decoction of one leaf used as drops for earaches. Iroquois Emetic. Burdock (37:474) Decoction of roots taken to vomit for stomach troubles caused by sorcery. Iroquois Febrifuge. Burdock (37:474) Plant used for fevers. No preparation or application indicated. . . . . . . . Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Burdock Decoction of roots taken to vomit for stomach troubles caused by sorcery. (37:474) Iroquois Gynecological aid. Burdock Compound decoction of plants taken to induce pregnancy. · (37:474) Iroquois Kidney aid. Burdock Infusion of roots taken for the kidneys. . . . . . . . . . . · (37:475) Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Burdock Poultice of heated leaves applied to bruises or backaches. · (37:474) Iroquois Veterinary aid. Burdock Roots given to horses with sore legs and muscles. No preparation indicated. · (37:475) Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Burdock Plant or roots used several ways to treat magical illnesses or sorcery. . . . . · (37:474) Arctostaphylos alpina Ericaceae Ojibwa Antirheumatic - Ext. Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for general illnesses and rheumatism .. · (52:231) Ojibwa Blood medicine. Decoction of bark taken for internal blood diseases . . . . . . . . · (52:231) Ojibwa Ceremonial medicine. Leaves used for medicine ceremonies or for medicinal purposes. · (52:238) Ojibwa Narcotic. Leaves smoked to cause intoxication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · (52:238) Ojibwa Panacea. Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for general illnesses and rheumatism .. · (52:231) Ojibwa Unspecified. Leaves used for medicine ceremonies or for medicinal purposes. . . . . . . . . . · (52:238) Arctostaphylos columbiana Ericaceae Pomo Antidiarrheal. Manzanita, hairy Decoction of bark taken for diarrhea. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (27:14) Arctostaphylos glandulosa Ericaceae Pomo Unspecified. Manzanita, eastwood Plant used as medicine. · (27:14) Arctostaphylos manzanita Ericaceae Calpella Cold remedy. Manzanita Infusion of leaves taken for severe colds. · (16:375) Concow Dermatological aid. Manzanita Poultice of chewed leaves applied to sores. · (16:375)

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Genera

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Arctostaphy los

Table 1: Genera - Arctostaphylos manzanita Ericaceae

Concow Veterinary aid. Manzanita Plant used for sore backs of horses. . . . . . . . . . (16:375) Little Lake Analgesic. Manzanita Decoction of leaves used as a wash for headaches. (16:375) Little Lake Antidiarrheal. Manzanita Leaves used for diarrhea. (16:375) Mendocino Ind Poison. Manzanita Fruit is poisonous. . . . . . . . (16:375) Arctostaphylos patuia Ericaceae Atsugewi Burn dressing. Manzanita Decoction of pounded leaves used for cuts and burns. (26:140) Atsugewi Dermatological aid. Manzanita Decoction of pounded leaves used for cuts and burns. (26:140) Navaho-Kayenta Ceremonial medicine. Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. (91:35) Navaho-Kayenta Emetic. Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. (91:35) Shoshone Venereal aid. ARCTROSTAPHYLOS PATULA Manzanita, green Decoction of leaves taken for venereal diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . (81:38) Arctostaphylos pungens Ericaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Manzanita, point leaf Leaves used as a ceremonial emetic. (84:38) Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Manzanita, pointleaf Leaves used as a ceremonial emetic. (84:38) Navaho-Ramah Other. Manzanita, pointleaf Dried leaves smoked with mountain tobacco to bring good luck. (84:38) Arctostaphylos sp. Ericaceae Costanoan Urinary aid. Decoction of plant used for bladder ailments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (5:12) Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Ericaceae Blackfeet Other. ARCTOSTAPHYLUS UVA-URSI Kinnikinnick Dried leaves smoked as tobacco. . . . . . (45:276) Cherokee Kidney aid. Bearberry Used for "dropsy" and for urinary diseases. (35:25) Cherokee Urinary aid. Bearberry Used for "dropsy" and for urinary diseases. (35:25) Cheyenne Analgesic. Bearberry Infusion of stems, leaves and berries taken for sprained backs or back pain. (33:183) Cheyenne Diuretic. Bearberry Plant used as a diuretic for congested kidneys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (33:183) Cheyenne Orthopedic aid. ARCTOSTACHYLOS UVA-URSI Bearberry Decoction of plant taken, & leaves rubbed on, for painful or sprained back. (32:41) Cheyenne Orthopedic aid. Bearberry Infusion of stems, leaves and berries taken for sprained backs or back pain. (33:183) Cheyenne Other. Kinnikinnick Berries used as an ingredient in medicinal mixtures. . . . . . . . (36:25) Cheyenne Psychological aid. Kinnikinnick (36:25) Leaves burned for people going crazy, to drive away bad spirits. Chippewa Analgesic. Bearberry Pulverized, dried leaves compounded and smoked for headache. (21:336) Keresan Other. Bearberry Leaves mixed with native-grown tobacco for smoking. (87:559) Kwakiutl Narcotic. Bearberry Leaves smoked as a narcotic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (82:282) Menominee Adjuvant. ARCTOSTAPHYLLS UVA-URSA Bearberry Dried leaves used as a seasoner to make certain female remedies taste good. (61:35) Montana Ind. Other. Larb Leaves mixed with tobacco for smoking. . . . . . (3:7) Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Bearberry Leaves used as ceremonial emetic. (84:38) Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Bearberry Leaves used as ceremonial emetic. . . . . . . . (84:38) Navaho-Ramah Other. Bearberry Dried leaves smoked with mountain tobacco to bring good luck. (84:38) Ojibwa Antirheumatic - Ext. Bearberry Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for general illnesses and rheumatism. . (52:231) Ojibwa Blood medicine. Bearberry Decoction of bark taken for internal blood diseases. . . . . . . . (52:231) Ojibwa Ceremonial medicine. Leaves used for medicine ceremonies or for medicinal purposes. (52:238)

Genera

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53

Arctostaphylos

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Ericaceae Ojibwa Narcotic. (52:238) Leaves smoked to cause intoxication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ojibwa Panacea. Bearberry (52:231) Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for general illnesses and rheumatism .. Ojibwa Unspecified. (52:238) Leaves used for medicine ceremonies or for medicinal purposes. Okanagan Antihemorrhagic. ARCTOSTAPHULOS UVA-URSI Bearberry (48:40) Decoction of leaves and stems taken for blood-spitting. Okanagan Eye medicine. ARCTOSTAPHULOS UVA-URSI Bearberry (48:40) Decoction of leaves and stems used as a wash for sore eyes. . . . . Okanagan Kidney aid. ARCTOSTAPHULOS UVA-URSI Bearberry (48:40) Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a tonic for kidneys and bladder. Okanagan Tonic. ARCTOSTAPHULOS UVA-URSI Bearberry (48:40) Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a tonic for kidneys and bladder. Okanagan Urinary aid. ARCTOSTAPHULOS UVA-URSI Bearberry (48:40) Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a tonic for kidneys and bladder. Pawnee Other. UVA-URSI UVA-URSI Bearberry (30:108) Leaves used for smoking, like tobacco. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sanpoil Dermatological aid. Kinnikinnick Green leaves dried, pulverized, and sprinkled on skin sores. · (51:220) Infusion of entire plant used as hair wash for dandruff and scalp diseases. · (51:220) Infusion of entire plant used as young girls' hair wash to insure growth. · (51:220) Sanpoil Pediatric aid. Kinnikinnick Infusion of entire plant used as young girls' hair wash to insure growth. · (51:220) Thompson Ind Antihemorrhagic. ARCTOSTAPHULOS UVA-URSI Bearberry (48:40) Decoction of leaves and stems taken for blood-spitting. Thompson Ind Diuretic. Bearberry (71:458) Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a diuretic. . . . . . . . . . .. Thompson Ind Eye medicine. ARCTOSTAPHULOS UVA-URSI Bearberry Decoction of leaves and stems used as a wash for sore eyes. . . . . . (48:40) Thompson Ind Eye medicine. Bearberry Decoction of leaveS and stems used as a wash for sore eyes. . . . . . · (71:458) Thompson Ind Kidney aid. ARCTOSTAPHULOS UVA-URSI Bearberry (48:40) Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a tonic for kidneys and bladder. Thompson Ind Other. Bearberry Decoction of root taken as a remedy for "blood spitting." (71:458) Dried, toasted leaves mixed with tobacco for smoking. .. (71:495) Thompson Ind Tonic. ARCTOSTAPHULOS UVA-URSI Bearberry (48:40) Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a tonic for kidneys and bladder. Thompson Ind Tonic. Bearberry (71:458) Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a tonic for the kidneys and bladder. Thompson Ind Urinary aid. ARCTOSTAPHULOS UVA-URSI Bearberry Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a tonic for kidneys and bladder. (48:40) Thompson Ind Urinary aid. Bearberry Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a tonic for the kidneys and bladder. · (71:458) Arenaria aberrans Oaryophyllaceae Shoshone Eye medicine. ARENARIA ACULEATA Sand wort Decoction of root used as an eyewash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (81:38) Arenaria confusa Oaryophyllaceae Navaho-Ramah Respiratory aid. Sandwort Infusion of powdered root in nose to cause sneezing, for "congested nose." . . . . . . . . .. (84:26) Arenaria congesta Oaryophyllaceae Gosiute Gast-intestinal aid. Sandwort ... (14:362) Plant used as bowel medicine. Arenaria ea8twoodiae Oaryophy llaceae Hopi Emetic. Sandwort Plant used as an emetic to relieve the stomach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (88:34,75-6) Arenaria fendleri Oaryophyllaceae Navaho-Ramah Other. Sandwort, Fendler's Root used as "life medicine," but only in the summer. . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:26) Navaho-Ramah Respiratory aid. Sandwort, Fendler's Powdered root used as snuff to cause sneezing, relieving "congested nose." (84:26) Arenaria macradenia Oaryophyllaceae Kawaiisu Analgesic. Sandwort, Mojave Dried root smoke inhaled for headaches and to clear the sinuses. (92:12) (92:12) Poultice of broken roots applied to the head for headaches. Root used as a salve to relieve pain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (92:12) Kawaiisu Antirheumatic - Ext. Sandwort, Mojave (92:12) Poultice of broken roots applied to area affected by rheumatism.

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Genera

Arenaria

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Arenaria macradenia Caryophyllaceae Kawaiisu Dermatological aid. Sandwort, Mojave Root used as a salve for pimples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (92:12) Kawaiisu Respiratory aid. Sandwort, Mojave (92:12) Dried root smoke inhaled for headaches and to clear the sinuses. Arenaria saxosa Caryophyllaceae Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Sandwort (84:26) Cold infusion used as lotion on forehead for headache or fever. Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Sandwort (84:26) Infusion of plant used as lotion for pimples. Navaho-Ramah Eye medicine. Sandwort (84:26) Infusion of plant used as eye drops. . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Febrifuge. Sandwort (84:26) Cold infusion used as lotion on forehead for headache or fever. Navaho-Ramah Venereal aid. Sandwort (84:26) Strong infusion of plant taken before sweatbath for venereal disease. Arenaria sp.Caryophyllaceae Gosiute Cathartic. ARENARIA TRIFLORA (14:350) Plant used as a purgative for intestinal disorders of babies and adults. Gosiute Gast-intestinal aid. ARENARIA TRIFLORA (14:350) Plant used as a purgative for intestinal disorders of babies and adults. Gosiute Pediatric aid. ARENARIA TRIFLORA (14:350) Plant used as a purgative for intestinal disorders of babies and adults. Argemone imermedia Papaveraceae Comanche Eye medicine. Poppy, prickly Sap used to treat sore eyes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (10:520) Argemone munita Papaveraceae Kawaiisu Burn dressing. Poppy, prickly Roasted, ripe and mashed seeds applied as a salve to burns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (92:12) Argemone platyceras Papaveraceae Paiute Burn dressing. Poppy, prickly · (81:38,39) Salve of pulverized seeds used on burns, sores, or cuts. Paiute Dermatological aid. Poppy, prickly Salve of pulverized seeds used on burns, cuts, and sores. · (81:38,39) Shoshone Burn dressing. Poppy, prickly (81:38,39) Salve of pulverized seeds used on burns, sores, or cuts. . Shoshone Cathartic. Poppy, prickly (81:38,39) Roasted, mashed seeds taken as powder or pills to serve as a physic. Shoshone Dermatological aid. Poppy, prickly Poultice of pulverized seed paste applied to bring boils to a head. · (81:38,39) Salve of moistened, pulverized seeds rubbed into hair to kill head lice. · (81:38,39) Salve of pulverized seeds used on burns, cuts, and sores. · (81:38,39) Shoshone Emetic. Poppy, prickly (81:38,39) Roasted, mashed seeds taken as an emetic and physic. Shoshone Eye medicine. Poppy, prickly (81:38,39) Infusion of pulverized seeds used as a wash for sore eyes. Shoshone Toothache remedy. Poppy, prickly · (81:38,39) Warmed root used various ways to relieve toothache. . Washoe Burn dressing. Poppy, prickly Salve of pulverized seeds used on burns, sores, or cuts. · (81:38,39) Washoe Dermatological aid. Poppy, prickly Salve of pulverized seeds used on burns, cuts, and sores. · (81:38,39) Argemone sp. Papaveraceae Tubatulabal Dermatological aid. ARGEMONE PLATYCERAS t (86:59) Poultice of pounded, ripe seeds applied to open sores and piles. Tubatulabal Hemorrhoid remedy. ARGEMONE PLATYCERAS t (86:59) Poultice of pounded, ripe seeds applied to open sores and piles. Arisaema dracontium Araceae Menominee Gynecological aid. Dragon root Plant used in the treatment of "female disorders." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (61:23) Arisaema triphyllum Araceae Cherokee Analgesic. Jack in the pulpit (35:41) Poultice of root used for headaches; also, used for various skin diseases. Cherokee Carminative. Jack in the pulpit (35:41) Used as a stimulant, an expectorant, a diaphoretic, and a carminative. Cherokee Cold remedy. Jack in the pulpit (35:41) Taken for colds and dry coughs; also, used as a liniment. Cherokee Cough medicine. Jack in the pulpit (35:41) Taken for colds and dry coughs; also, used as a liniment. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Jack in the pulpit (35:41) Ointment used for "scald head," ringworm, tetterworm, and "scrofulous sores."

Genera

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55

Arisaema

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Arisaema triphyllum Araceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Jack in the pulpit Poultice of beaten, boiled roots mixed with meal used on boils. Cherokee Diaphoretic. Jack in the pulpit Used as a stimulant, an expectorant, a diaphoretic, and a carminative. Cherokee Expectorant. Jack in the pulpit Used as a stimulant, an expectorant, a diaphoretic, and a carminative. Cherokee Orthopedic aid. Jack in the pulpit Taken for colds and dry coughs; also, used as a liniment. . . . . . . . . Cherokee Stimulant. Jack in the pulpit Used as a stimulant, an expectorant, a diaphoretic, and a carminative. Cherokee Throat aid. Jack in the pulpit Infusion taken for throat irritations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Tuberculosis remedy. Jack in the pulpit Given for "consumptions;" also, ointment used on "scrofulous sores." Chippewa Eye medicine. Jack in the pulpit Decoction of root used as a wash for sore eyes. . . . . . . . Choctaw Blood medicine. ARISAEMA QUINATUM Prester John Decoction of plant taken to make blood. . . Choctaw Blood medicine. AruSAEMA QUINATUM Decoction of root taken "to make blood." . . . . . . . . . . Fox Ceremonial medicine. Jack in the pulpit Seed used as a magical diagnostic medicine to predict recovery or death. Fox Poison. Jack in the pulpit Finely chopped root put in meat for enemies, to cause pain and death. Fox Sedative. Jack in the pulpit Compound used in very small doses to cure insomnia. Fox Snake bite remedy. Jack in the pulpit Root used to reduce swelling from rattlesnake bite. Iroquois Analgesic. Jack in the pulpit Compound snuff used for headaches and catarrh. Decoction or infusion of roots taken for pains. Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Jack.in the pulpit Decoction of plant given to children for diarrhea. Iroquois Blood medicine. Jack in the pulpit Cold infusion of roots taken "for nonconception caused by cold blood." Iroquois Dermatological aid. Jack in the pulpit Plant used for sores on the face; hot poultice of plant applied to bruises. Iroquois Eye medicine. Jack in the pulpit Steam from decoction of plant for sore eyes; also to "make you sneeze." Iroquois Febrifuge. Jack in the pulpit Compound decoction steam used ''when a person has cold sweats, not very sick." . Iroquois Gynecological aid. Jack in the pulpit Cold infusion of roots taken "for nonconception caused by cold blood." Iroquois Nose medicine. Jack in the pulpit Steam from decoction of plant for sore eyes; also to "make you sneeze." Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Jack in the pulpit Compound infusion of powdered plants taken for cramps. . . . . . . . . Compound of powdered plant and alcohol used as a liniment for sore joints. Hot poultice of plant applied to bruises and for lameness. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Jack in the pulpit Decoction of plant given to children for diarrhea. Infusion of roots used as a wash for listless babies. Iroquois Respiratory aid. Jack in the pulpit Compound of chopped root and whisky taken for bronchial colds. Compound snuff used for headaches and catarrh. Iroquois Stimulant. Jack in the pulpit Infusion of roots used as a wash for listless babies. Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Jack in the pulpit Compound decoction used as poultice for infected & swollen tubercular glands. Iroquois Veterinary aid. Jack in the pulpit Ground plant added to mare's feed to induce pregnancy & reduce listlessness. Menominee Eye medicine. Jack in the pulpit Poultice of pulverized root applied to sore eyes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Menominee Witchcraft medicine. Indian turnip Compounded pulverized root in lip incision to counteract ''witchery'' to face. Micmac Dermatological aid. Jack in the pulpit Parts of plant used to treat boils & abscesses; a liniment for external use. Micmac Orthopedic aid. Jack in the pulpit Parts of plant used to treat boils & abscesses; a liniment for external use.

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Genera

(35:41) (35:41) (35:41) (35:41) (35:41) (35:41) (35:41) (21:360) (79:6) (8:23) (62:202) (62:202) (62:202) (62:202) . (37:276) (37:276) (37:276) (37:276) (37:276) (37:277) (37:276) (37:276) (37:277) (37:276) (37:277) (37:276) (37:276) (37:276) (37:276) (37:276) (37:276) (37:276) (37:275) (61:23) (22:129) (15:55) (15:55)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Arisaema

Table 1: Genera -Arisaema triphyllum Araceae Mohegan Analgesic. Jack in the pulpit Infusion of dried root used as a liniment for pain. Mohegan Antirheumatic - Ext. Jack in the pulpit Infusion of dried root used as a liniment for pain. Mohegan Orthopedic aid. Jack in the pulpit Infusion of plant used as a liniment and poisonous when taken internally. Mohegan Poison. Indian turnip Infusion of plant used as a liniment and poisonous when taken internally. . Mohegan Poison. Jack in the pulpit Infusion of root gargled for sore throat, but poisonous if swallowed. Mohegan Throat aid. Indian turnip Infusion of root taken for sore throat. Mohegan Throat aid. Jack in the pulpit Dilute infusion of root gargled for sore throat. Ojibwa Eye medicine. Indian turnip Root used to treat sore eyes; method unspecified. Ojibwa Unspecified. Turnip, Indian Plant used for medicinal purposes. . . . . . . . . . Pawnee Analgesic. Jack in the pulpit Crushed corm sprinkled on head & temples as headache & general pain remedy. Pawnee Antirheumatic - Ext. Jack in the pulpit Poultice of pulverized corm applied as counterirritant for rheumatism. Penobscot Orthopedic aid. Jack in the pulpit Infusion of plant used as a liniment "for general external use." Penobscot Poison. Jack in the pulpit Infusion of plant is considered a poison. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rappahannock Dermatological aid. Turnip, Indian Compound dried root meal poultice applied for swelling and boils. Aristolochia durior Aristolochiaceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. ARISTOLOCHIA MACROPHYLLA Sarsaparilla, black Decoction of root applied externally for "swelling of feet and legs." Cherokee Urinary aid. ARISTOLOCHIA MACROPHYLLA Sarsaparilla, black Compound infusion of "stalk chips" taken for "yellowish urine." Aristolochia serpentaria Aristolochiaceae Cherokee Abortifacient. Snakeroot, Virginia Infusion taken for rheumatism; also, taken for obstructions. Cherokee Analgesic. Snakeroot, Virginia Infusion of roots taken for breast pains. . . . . . . . . . . . . Infusion taken for pleurisy and sharp darting pains; also, as an anodyne. Taken to relieve sharp pains in the breast; used as a wash for headache. Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Snakeroot, Virginia Infusion taken for rheumatism; also, taken for obstructions. . . . . . . . Cherokee Cold remedy. Snakeroot, Virginia Infusion taken or root chewed for colds; cold infusion of plant for pain. Cherokee Cough medicine. Snakeroot, Virginia Taken for coughs; root chewed and saliva spit on snake bite. Cherokee Disinfectant. Snakeroot, Virginia Used as a diuretic and an antiseptic; also, as a gargle for sore throat. Cherokee Diuretic. Snakeroot, Virginia Used as a diuretic and an antiseptic; also, as a gargle for sore throat. Cherokee Febrifuge. Snakeroot, Virginia Used as a tonic for typhus fevers; also, taken for ague and fever. . Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Snakeroot, Virginia Used to "stop mortification & prevent putrefaction in the bowels;" dyspepsia. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Snakeroot, Virginia Used as a tonic for typhus fevers; also, taken for ague and fever. Used for "black-yellow" diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Nose medicine. Snakeroot, Virginia Used as a poultice for "nose made sore by constant blowing." Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Snakeroot, Virginia Infusion taken for pleurisy and sharp darting pains; also, as an anodyne. Cherokee Snake bite remedy. Snakeroot, Virginia Taken for coughs; root chewed and saliva spit on snake bite. . . . . . .. Cherokee Stimulant. Snakeroot, Virginia Used by "persons of weak, phlegmatic habits" and for dizziness or fainting. Cherokee Throat aid. Snakeroot, Virginia Used as a diuretic and an antiseptic; also, as a gargle for sore throat. Cherokee Tonic. Snakeroot, Virginia Used as a tonic for typhus fevers; also, taken for ague and fever. . ..

Genera

(78:70,128) (78:70,128) (76:269) (76:269) (78:70) (76:269) (78:70,128) (63:356) (52:246) (30:69) (30:69) (66:310) (66:310) (69:32) (35:32) (35:32) (35:55) (79:20) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55)

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Aristolochia

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Aristolochia serpentaria Aristolochiaceae

Cherokee Toothache remedy. Snakeroot, Virginia Bruised root used as poultice on tooth for toothache. Choctaw Analgesic. Snakeroot, Virginia Cold infusion of roots taken for stomach pains. Choctaw Analgesic. Infusion of root taken for stomach pain. Choctaw Gast-intestinal aid. Snakeroot, Virginia Cold infusion of roots taken for stomach pains. Choctaw Gast-intestinal aid. Infusion of root taken to relieve stomach pains. Delaware-Okl Tonic. Snakeroot, Virginia Root used alone or with wintergreen as a tonic. Micmac Anticonvulsive. Snakeroot Root used to treat persons with fits. Mohegan Snake bite remedy. Snakeroot Poultice of plant applied to snake bites. Poultice of pounded root applied to snake bite. Nanticoke Anthelmintic. Snakeroot, Virginia Infusion of plant taken for intestinal worms. Natchez Febrifuge. Snakeroot, Virginia Decoction of plant taken for fevers. Natchez Febrifuge. Warm decoction of plant taken to cure fevers. Penobscot Anticonvulsive. ARISTOLCHIA SERPENTARIA Snakeroot Infusion of root used to treat "fits." .............. . Rappahannock Dermatological aid. Snakeroot Compound poultice with mashed roots used as salve for snake or spider bites. Rappahannock Febrifuge. Snakeroot Infusion of leaves taken for chills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rappahannock Snake bite remedy. Snakeroot Compound poultice with mashed roots used as salve for snake or spider bites. Armoracia lapathifolia Brassicaceae Cherokee Abortifacient. ARMORACIA RUSTICANA Horseradish Used for "gravel," rheumatism, asthma, colds, and "obstructed menses." Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. ARMORACIA RUSTICANA Horseradish Used for "gravel," rheumatism, asthma, colds, and "obstructed menses." Cherokee Cold remedy. ARMORACIA RUSTICANA Horseradish Used for "gravel," rheumatism, asthma, colds, and "obstructed menses." Cherokee Dietary aid. ARMORACIA RUSTICANA Horseradish Used as a diuretic & tonic; also, used to increase appetite & aid digestion. Cherokee Diuretic. ARMORACIA RUSTICANA Horseradish Used as a diuretic & tonic; also, used to increase appetite & aid digestion. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. ARMORACIA RUSTICANA Horseradish Used as a diuretic & tonic; also, used to increase appetite & aid digestion. Cherokee Oral aid. ARMORACIA RUSTICANA Horseradish Roots chewed for diseases of the tongue and mouth. . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Respiratory aid. ARMORACIA RUSTICANA Horseradish Used for "gravel," rheumatism, asthma, colds, and "obstructed menses." Cherokee Throat aid. ARMORACIA RUSTICANA Horseradish Infusion gargled for sore throat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Tonic. ARMORACIA RUSTICANA Horseradish Used as a diuretic & tonic; also, used to increase appetite & aid digestion. Cherokee Urinary aid. ARMORACIA RUSTICANA Horseradish Used for "gravel," rheumatism, asthma, colds, and "obstructed menses." Delaware-Ont Analgesic. RORIPPA ARMORACIA Horseradish Poultice of leaves applied for neuralgia. Iroquois Blood medicine. Horseradish Infusion of smashed roots taken for the blood. Iroquois Misc disease remedy. Horseradish Plant used for sugar diabetes. No preparation or application indicated. Mohegan Toothache remedy. RORIPA AMORACIA Horseradish Poultice of leaves, with midrib removed, is bound to cheeks for toothache. Mohegan Toothache remedy. RORIPPA AMORACIA Horseradish Poultice of leaf bound on face to relieve toothache. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arnica acaulis Asteraceae Catawba Analgesic. Water root Infusion of roots taken for back pain. Catawba Orthopedic aid. Water root Infusion of roots taken for back pain.

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Genera

(35:55) (79:20) . (8:24) (79:20) . (8:24) · (77:32,74) (15:55) (76:266) (78:70,128) · (77:57,84) (79:20) (75:667) (66:310) (69:27) (69:27) (69:27) (35:39) (35:39) (35:39) (35:39) (35:39) (35:39) (35:39) (35:39) (35:39) (35:39) (35:39) · (77:66,82) (37:342) (37:342) (76:266) (78:75,132) (67:189) (67:189)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Arnica

Table 1: Genera - Arnica cordi/alia Asteraceae Shuswap Eye medicine. Arnica, broad leafed Plant used for sore eyes. . . . . . (47:58) Arnica lati/alia Asteraceae Thompson Ind Unspecified. Arnica Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (71:473) Artemisia absinthium Asteraceae Chippewa Orthopedic aid. Wormwood Boiled plant top used as warm compress for sprain or strained muscles. .. (21:362) Mohegan Anthelmintic. Wormwood (78:70,128) Infusion of leaves taken as a vermifuge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Artemisia biennis Asteraceae Cherokee Analgesic. Wormwood Used for cramps, colic, and painful menstruation; also, for sores and wounds. (35:62) Cherokee Anthelmintic. Wormwood Poultice applied to stomach for worms; seeds in molasses taken for worms. (35:62) Cherokee Dermatological aid. Wormwood (35:62) Used for cramps, colic, and painful menstruation; also, for sores and wounds. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Wormwood Used for cramps, colic, and painful menstruation; also, for sores and wounds. (35:62) Cherokee Gynecological aid. Wormwood Used for cramps, colic, and painful menstruation; also, for sores and wounds. (35:62) Artemisia cali/arnica Asteraceae Costanoan Analgesic. (5:25) Poultice of leaves applied to the tooth to reduce the pain. . . . . . . . Costanoan Antirheumatic - Ext. (5:25) Decoction of plant used as a bath for colds, coughs and rheumatism. Costanoan Cold remedy. (5:25) Decoction of plant used as a bath for colds, coughs and rheumatism. Costanoan Cough medicine. Decoction of plant used as a bath for colds, coughs and rheumatism. (5:25) Costanoan Dermatological aid. (5:25) Poultice of leaves applied to wounds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Costanoan Respiratory aid. (5:25) Poultice of plant applied to the back or decoction of plant taken for asthma .. Costanoan Toothache remedy. (5:25) Poultice of leaves applied to the tooth to reduce the pain. Mahuna Gynecological aid. Infusion of plants taken for vaginal troubles. . . . . . . . . (55:14) Artemisia campestris Asteraceae Shuswap Cold remedy. Sage (47:58) Decoction of plants taken for coughs, colds and tuberculosis. Shuswap Cough medicine. Sage Decoction of plants taken for coughs, colds and tuberculosis. (47:58) Shuswap Dermatological aid. Sage Poultice of steamed branches applied to bruises and sores. (47:58) Shuswap Panacea. Sage Decoction of plants taken as medicine for everything. . . . (47:58) Shuswap Tuberculosis remedy. Sage (47:58) Decoction of plants taken for coughs, colds and tuberculosis. Artemisia cana Asteraceae Montana Ind. Dermatological aid. Sage, blue (3:7) Decoction of leaves used as a hair-restorer; leaves chewed to allay thirst. Montana Ind. Dietary aid. Sage, blue (3:7) Decoction of leaves used as a hair-restorer; leaves chewed to allay thirst. Montana Ind. Tonic. Sage, blue (3:7) Decoction of leaves used for various complaints; also, as a general tonic. Montana Ind. Unspecified. Sage, blue (3:7) Decoction of leaves used for various complaints; also, as a general tonic. Artemisia canadensis Asteraceae Fox Burn dressing. Wormwood, Canada (62:211) Poultice of leaves applied to bad burns. . . . . . . . . . . . . Menominee Abortifacient. Wormwood, Canada (61:29) Compound infusion of leaf taken to restore menstrual flow. Okanagan Antidiarrheal. Wormwood (48:41) Decoction of whole plant used for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . Okanagan Gynecological aid. Wormwood (48:41) Decoction of fresh or dried leaves taken by women after childbirth. Thompson Ind Antidiarrheal. Wormwood (48:41) Decoction of whole plant used for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Genera

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Medicinal Plants of Native America

Artemisia

Table 1: Genera - Artemisia canadensis Asteraceae Thompson Ind Antidiarrheal. Decoction of plant taken as a remedy for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Gynecological aid. Wormwood Decoction of fresh or dried leaves taken by women after childbirth. Thompson Ind Gynecological aid. Decoction of fresh or dried leaves taken postpartum to hasten recovery. Thompson Ind Unspecified. Decoction of root used medicinally for unspecified purpose. . . . . . . . Artemisia carruthii Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Cough medicine. Wormwood Infusion of leaves taken for fever, influenza, and cough. Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Wormwood Cold infusion used as lotion for sores. Navaho-Ramah Diaphoretic. Wormwood Leaves used in sweatbath medicine. . Navaho-Ramah Febrifuge. Wormwood Infusion of leaves taken for fever, influenza, and cough. Navaho-Ramah Misc disease remedy. Wormwood Cold infusion of leaves taken for fever, influenza, and cough. Navaho-Ramah Other. Wormwood Root used as "life medicine." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Veterinary aid. Wormwood Cold infusion of leaves used as lotion for sheep's sore back. Zuni Analgesic. ARTEMISIA WRIGHTII Wormwood Seeds used as herbal steam or smoke to treat body pains from a severe cold. Artemisia caudata Asteraceae Tewa Antiemetic. ARTEMISIA FORWOODII Sage, green Leaves and stems chewed & juice swallowed when one is "sick at the stomach." Tewa Other. ARTEMISIA FORWOODII Sage, green Infusion of leaves and stems taken for "chills." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Artemisia douglasiana Asteraceae Costanoan Analgesic. Decoction of plant used as a compress for wounds and rheumatism pain. Costanoan Antirheumatic - Ext. Decoction of plant used as a compress for wounds and rheumatism pain. Costanoan Dermatological aid. Decoction of plant used as a compress for wounds and rheumatism pain. Costanoan Ear medicine. Poultice of heated leaves applied to the ear for earaches. . Costanoan Respiratory aid. Decoction of plant used for urinary problems and asthma. Costanoan Urinary aid. Decoction of plant used for urinary problems and asthma. Kawaiisu Abortifacient. Mugwort, California Infusion of plant used when the menstrual flow has stopped. Kawaiisu Dermatological aid. Mugwort, California Infusion of plant used as a hair wash to prevent the hair from falling out. Kawaiisu Gynecological aid. Mugwort, California Infusion of plant used as a bath for mother and father after childbirth. Kawaiisu Other. Mugwort, California Infusion of plant used as a bath for mother and father after childbirth. Kawaiisu Pediatric aid. Mugwort, California Infusion of plant used to "prevent a girl from aging prematurely." Luisenos Unspecified. ARTEMISIA HETEROPHYLLA Mugwort Plant used for medicinal purposes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mendocino Ind Analgesic. ARTEMISIA HETEROPHYLLA Wormwood Decoction of leaves taken for stomachaches, headaches, diarrhea and fevers. Mendocino Ind Antidiarrheal. ARTEMISIA HETEROPHYLLA Wormwood Decoction of leaves taken for stomachaches, headaches, diarrhea and fevers. Mendocino Ind Antidote. ARTEMISIA HETEROPHYLLA Wormwood Juice used as an antidote for effects of poison oak. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mendocino Ind Antirheumatic - Ext. ARTEMISIA HETEROPHYLLA Wormwood Poultice of leaves applied or leaves used in a sweat bath for rheumatism. Mendocino Ind Cold remedy. ARTEMISIA HETEROPHYLLA Wormwood Decoction of leaves taken or bruised leaves placed in nostril for colds. Mendocino Ind Diaphoretic. ARTEMISIA HETEROPHYLLA Wormwood Poultice of leaves applied or leaves used in a sweat bath for rheumatism. Mendocino Ind Eye medicine. ARTEMISIA HETEROPHYLLA Wormwood Decoction of leaves used as a wash for sore eyes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Genera

(71:470) (48:41) (71:470) (71:470) (84:48) (84:48) (84:48) (84:48) (84:48) (84:48) (84:48) . (72:42,43) (54:53) (54:53) (5:25) (5:25) (5:25) (5:25) (5:25) (5:25) (92:12) (92:12) (92:12) (92:12) (92:12) (65:228) . (16:392) (16:392) (16:392) (16:392) (16:392) (16:392) . (16:392)

Artemisia

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera -Artemisia douglasiana Asteraceae Mendocino Ind Febrifuge. ARTEMISIA HETEROPHYLLA Wormwood Decoction of leaves taken for stomachaches, headaches, diarrhea and fevers. Mendocino Ind Gast-intestinal aid. ARTEMISIA HETEROPHY'LLA Wormwood Decoction of leaves taken for colic and stomachaches. ......... . Mendocino Ind Gynecological aid. ARTEMISIA HETEROPHYLLA Wormwood Poultice of leaves applied after childbirth to promote blood circulation. Mendocino Ind Respiratory aid. ARTEMISIA HETEROPHYLLA Wormwood Decoction of leaves taken for bronchitis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yuki Analgesic. Wormwood Decoction of leaves taken for pains, dysentery or for "troubles inside." Poultice of pounded leaves applied for rheumatism, arthritic or back pains. Yuki Antidiarrheal. Wormwood Decoction of leaves taken for pains, dysentery or for "troubles inside." Yuki Antirheumatic - Ext. Wormwood Poultice of pounded leaves applied for rheumatism or arthritic pains. . Yuki Dermatological aid. Wormwood Infusion used as wash and poultice of plant applied to cuts, bruises & sores. Poultice of chewed leaves applied to spot affected by hunting accident. .. Yuki Gynecological aid. Wormwood Infusion of plant used as a steam bath for difficulties attending childbirth. Yuki Orthopedic aid. Wormwood Poultice of pounded plant applied for back pains. Yuki Veterinary aid. Wormwood Infusion of plant given to injured animals. Artemisia dracunculus Asteraceae Costanoan Antidiarrheal. Decoction of roots used for urinary problems and dysentery. Costanoan Gast-intestinal aid. Decoction of roots used for infants' colic. Costanoan Pediatric aid. Decoction of roots used for infants' colic. Costanoan Urinary aid. Decoction of roots used for urinary problems and dysentery. Kawaiisu Antirheumatic - Ext. Tarragon Infusion of leaves used as a wash for rheumatism. Luisenos Unspecified. ARTEMISIA DRACUNULOIDES Plant used for medicinal purposes. . . . . . . . . . Sanpoil Cold remedy. Sagewort, dragon Cold infusion of root used in the treatment of colds. Shuswap Gynecological aid. Sage Plant used by women at childbirth. .. Shuswap Insecticide. Sage Plant burned to keep away mosquitos. Shuswap Stimulant. Sage Decoction of leaves and roots used as a bath to relieve tiredness. Shuswap Witchcraft medicine. Sage Plant used to keep away sickness and germs. . . . . . . . . . . . . Artemisia filifolia Asteraceae Comanche Gynecological aid. Wormwood, silvery Padding of plants placed over hot coals as a bed after childbirth. Hopi Dermatological aid. Sagebrush, sand Plant used for boils. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hopi Gast-intestinal aid. Sagebrush, sand Simple or compound decoction of plant taken for indigestion. Navaho-Ramah Snake bite remedy. Sagebrush, sand Strong infusion taken in large amounts and used as lotion for snake bites. Tewa Carminative. Sage, silver Plant chewed or decoction taken as a remedy for indigestion and flatulence. Tewa Gast-intestinal aid. Sage, silver Leaves chewed or decoction taken for indigestion or biliousness. Poultice of plant steeped in boiling water applied to stomach. Artemisia frigida Asteraceae Blackfeet Febrifuge. Sage, sweet Decoction of roots or tops taken for "mountain fever." Blackfeet Gast-intestinal aid. Sage, sweet Plant chewed for heartburn. . . . . . . . . Cheyenne Ceremonial medicine. Sage, fringed Plant used in the Sun Dance ceremony. Cheyenne Hemostat. Sage, fringed Plant braid tied around the head for nosebleed.

Genera

(16:392) (16:392) (16:392) (16:392) (18:45) (18:45) (18:45) (18:45) (18:45) (18:45) (18:45) (18:45) (18:45) (5:26) (5:26) (5:26) (5:26) (92:13) (65:228) (51:217) (47:58) (47:58) (47:58) (47:58) · . (10:520) · (88:32,94) · (88:33,94) (84:48) (54:44) (54:44) (54:44) (45:275) (45:275) (36:18) (36:18)

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Medicinal Plants of Native America

Artemisia

Table 1: Genera -Artemisia frigida Asteraceae

Chippewa Anticonvulsive. Sage, prairie Compound decoction of root taken for convulsions. . . . . . . . . . Chippewa Anticonvulsive. Sagewort, prairie Compound infusion or decoction of root taken as a cure for "fits." Chippewa Disinfectant. Sage Dried leaves burned to disinfect room of contagious patient. Chippewa Gast-intestinal aid. Sage, prairie Infusion of leaves taken or leaf smoke inhaled for biliousness. Chippewa Hemostat. Sage, prairie Compound decoction of root used on wounds to stop bleeding. Chippewa Hemostat. Sagewort, prairie Compound infusion or decoction of root used on wounds to stop bleeding. Chippewa Other. Sage Fresh leaves in nostrils & mouth as protection when "working over the dead." Chippewa Stimulant. ARTEMESIA FRIGIDA Sage, prairie Compound decoction of root taken as a stimulant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chippewa Stimulant. Sagewort, prairie Compound infusion or decoction of root taken or used externally as stimulant. Chippewa Tonic. ARTEMESIA FRIGIDA Sage, prairie Compound infusion or decoction of root taken as a tonic. . . . . . . . . Dakota Abortifacient. Sage, little wild Decoction of plant taken and used as wash for irregular menstruation. Delaware-Okl Ceremonial medicine. Sage, wild Leaves chewed as "ceremonial" medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montana Ind. Pulmonary aid. Sage, sweet Decoction used as a remedy for lung troubles; also, used for consumption. Montana Ind. Tuberculosis remedy. Sage, sweet Decoction used as a remedy for lung troubles; also, used for consumption. Navaho-Ramah Cough medicine. Estafiata Decoction of leaves taken for cough. Navaho-Ramah Other. Estafiata Root used as "life medicine." . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Toothache remedy. Estafiata Hot poultice of leaves applied for toothache. Omaha Abortifacient. Sage, little wild Decoction of plant taken and used as wash for irregular menstruation. Pawnee Abortifacient. Sage, little wild Decoction of plant taken and used as wash for irregular menstruation. Ponca Abortifacient. Sage, little wild Decoction of plant taken and used as wash for irregular menstruation. Potawatomi Stimulant. Wormwood Leaves and flowers fumed on live coals to revive comatose patient. Shuswap Insecticide. Sage Plant burned to keep away mosquitos. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tewa Carminative. Leaves chewed or decoction taken for indigestion or flatulence. Tewa Gast-intestinal aid. Leaves chewed or decoction taken for indigestion or biliousness. Poultice of plant steeped in boiling water applied to stomach for gastritis. Thompson Ind Unspecified. Wormwood Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose. Zuni Cold remedy. Wormwood Infusion of whole plant taken as a cold remedy. Artemisia glauca Asteraceae Chippewa Abortifacient. ARTEMESIA DRACUNCULOIDS Mugwort Decoction of root taken for "excessive flowing," & for "stoppage of periods." . Infusion or decoction of root or leaf and stalk for "stoppage of periods." Chippewa Antidiarrheal. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Mugwort Infusion of dried leaves and tops taken for chronic dysentery. . . . . . . . Chippewa Dermatological aid. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Mugwort Compound decoction of root used as wash to strengthen hair and make it grow. Poultice of chewed fresh or dried leaves and flowers applied to wounds. Chippewa Gynecological aid. ARTEMESIA DRACUNCULOIDS Mugwort Decoction of root taken for "excessive flowing," & for "stoppage of periods." . Chippewa Gynecological aid. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Mugwort Decoction of whole plant taken to aid in difficult labor. . . . . . . . . . . . Chippewa Heart medicine. ARTEMESIA DRACUNCULOIDES Mugwort Infusion of leaf & flower taken or fresh leaf chewed for heart palpitations. Chippewa Herbal steam. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Mugwort Strong decoction of root "for steaming old people to make them stronger."

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Genera

· . (21:336) · (19:63,64) (21:366) (21:364) (21:336) · (19:63,64) (21:366) (21:364) · (19:63,64) . (21:364) . (30:134) (77:74) (3:7) (3:7) (84:48) (84:48) (84:48) (30:134) (30:134) (30:134) (64:49) (47:58) (54:54) (54:54) (54:54) (71:465) (72:42) (21:356) (21:356) (21:344) (21:350) (21:356) (21:356) (21:356) (21:338) (21:362)

Artemisia

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera -Artemisia glauca Asteraceae

Chippewa Pediatric aid. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Mugwort Strong decoction of root used as a strengthening bath for children. Chippewa Strengthener. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Mugwort Decoction of root as strengthening bath for child, herbal steam for elderly. Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Tarragon, false Cold infusion used as lotion for cuts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Okanagan Analgesic. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Wormwood Infusion of whole plant used as a headwash for headaches. Okanagan Antirheumatic - Ext. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Wormwood Plant used in the sweat-house for rheumatism and stiff joints. Okanagan Diaphoretic. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Wormwood Plant used in the sweat-house for rheumatism and stiff joints. Okanagan Gynecological aid. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES WormwQod Infusion of whole plant used as a bath for women after childbirth. Okanagan Orthopedic aid. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Wormwood Plant used in the sweat-house for rheumatism and stiff joints. Omaha Abortifacient. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Fuzzy weed Decoction of plant taken for irregular menstruation. Omaha Love medicine. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Fuzzy weed Chewed root put on clothes as a love charm. . . . . . . . . . Omaha Unspecified. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Fuzzy weed Plant used in the smoke treatment of unspecified illnesses. Paiute Antirheumatic - Ext. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Sagebrush Hot decoction of branches used as a wash for rheumatism. Hot poultice of plant tops applied to sprains, swellings, or rheumatism. Paiute Dermatological aid. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Sagebrush Poultice of plant tops applied for sprains, swellings, or rheumatism. Paiute Gynecological aid. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Sagebrush Decoction of whole plant taken as a tonic after childbirth. . . . . . . Paiute Orthopedic aid. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Sagebrush Poultice of plant tops applied for sprains, swellings, or rheumatism. Paiute Tonic. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Sagebrush Decoction of whole plant taken as a tonic after childbirth. . . . . . . Pawnee Antirheumatic - Ext. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Fuzzy weed Decoction of tops used as a wash for rheumatism. . . . . . . Pawnee Unspecified. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Fuzzy weed Plant used in the smoke treatment of unspecified illnesses. Ponca Unspecified. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Fuzzy weed Plant used in the smoke treatment of unspecified illnesses. Shoshone Cathartic. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Sagebrush Hot decoction of branches taken for colds and as a physic. Shoshone Cold remedy. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Sagebrush Hot decoction of branches taken for colds and as a physic. Shoshone Dermatological aid. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Sagebrush Decoction of whole plant used as a wash to relieve nettle stings. Shoshone Eye medicine. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Sagebrush Steam from boiling plant used to relieve eye trouble. Shoshone Herbal steam. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Sagebrush Steam from boiling plant used to relieve eye trouble. Shoshone Throat aid. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Sagebrush Poultice of pulped green plant applied to sore throat or neck glands. Shoshone Venereal aid. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Sagebrush Decoction of whole plant taken or used as a wash for venereal diseases. Thompson Ind Analgesic. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Wormwood Decoction of plant used as a wash for the head and temples to treat headache. Fresh plants used as a bed in the sweat bath to treat aching bones or muscles. . ........ . Infusion of whole plant used as a headwash for headaches. Thompson Ind Antirheumatic - Ext. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Wormwood Fresh plants used as a bed in the sweat bath to treat rheumatism. Plant used in the sweat-house for rheumatism and stiff joints. Thompson Ind Diaphoretic. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Wormwood Plant used in the sweat-house for rheumatism and stiff joints. Whole plant steamed to cause sweating for rheumatism and other aches. Thompson Ind Gynecological aid. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Wormwood Decoction of plant used as a wash for women after childbirth. Infusion of whole plant used as a bath for women after childbirth. . . Thompson Ind Orthopedic aid. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Wormwood Plant used in the sweat-house for rheumatism and stiff joints. Plants used in sweatbath to treat sprains, stiff or aching joints or muscles.

Genera

(21:362) (21:362) (84:48) (48:41) (48:41) (48:41) (48:41) (48:41) (30:134) (30:134) (30:134) · (81:39,40) · (81:39,40) · (81:39,40) · (81:39,40) · (81:39,40) · (81:39,40) (30:134) (30:134) (30:134) · (81:39,40) · (81:39,40) · (81:39,40) · (81:39,40) · (81:39,40) · (81:39,40) · (81:39,40) (71:463) (71:463) (48:41) (71:463) (48:41) (48:41) (71:463) (71:463) (48:41) (48:41) (71:463)

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Artemisia

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Artemisia glauca Asteraceae Thompson Ind Poison. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Wormwood Plant considered poisonous "if it enters the blood." . . . . . . Winnebago Febrifuge. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Fuzzy weed Infusion of plant top sprinkled on the body to relieve fevers. Winnebago· Love medicine. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Fuzzy weed Chewed root put on clothes as a love charm. . . . . . . . . . . . Winnebago Unspecified. ARTEMISIA DRACUNCULOIDES Fuzzy weed Plant used in the smoke treatment of unspecified illnesses. Artemisia ludoviciana Asteraceae Cheyenne Analgesic. Sage, prairie Crushed leaves used as snuff for sinus attacks, nosebleeds and headaches. Cheyenne Ceremonial medicine. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Sage, man Plant used in ceremonies. . . . . . . . . . . Cheyenne Ceremonial medicine. Sage, prairie Plant used in ceremonies. . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cheyenne Hemostat. Sage, prairie Crushed leaves used as snuff for sinus attacks, nosebleeds and headaches. Cheyenne Psychological aid. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Sage, man Plant used to drive away bad or ominous dreams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cheyenne Respiratory aid. Sage, prairie Crushed leaves used as snuff for sinus attacks, nosebleeds and headaches. Chippewa Antidote. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Mugwort, white Smoke of burned flowers inhaled as antidote for "bad medicine." Fox Dermatological aid. Cudweed, lobed Poultice of leaves applied to old sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tincture of leaves used for old sores, especially scrofulous sores. Fox Insecticide. Cudweed, lobed Smudge of leaves used to drive away mosquitoes. Fox Throat aid. Cudweed, lobed Infusion of leaves taken for tonsilitis and sore throat. Fox Tuberculosis remedy. Cudweed, lobed Tincture of leaves used to heal old sores, especially scrofulous sores. Fox Veterinary aid. Cudweed, lobed Smudge of leaves used to "smoke ponies when they have the distemper." Kiowa Gast-intestinal aid. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Sage, prairie Infusion of plants taken for the lungs, to cut phlegm or for stomach trouble. Kiowa Pulmonary aid. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Sage, prairie Infusion of plants taken for the lungs, to cut phlegm or for stomach trouble. Navaho-Ramah Other. Root used as "life medicine." .. Ojibwa Veterinary aid. Sage, white Plant used as a horse medicine. Omaha Ceremonial medicine. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALOIDES Plant used in rites of lustration for man or beast. Omaha Febrifuge. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Decoction of leaves used as a bath for fevers. . . . Omaha Hemostat. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Dried, powdered leaves applied to nostrils for nasal hemorrhage. Paiute Analgesic. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Mugwort, western Decoction of plant used as a soaking bath to relieve aching feet. Decoction of whole plant or young growth taken hot or cold for stomachaches. Poultice of steamed plants or bruised leaves for rheumatism or other aches. Poultice of steeped leaves used as a compress for headaches. Paiute Antidiarrheal. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Mugwort, western Decoction of plant taken to stop diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Antirheumatic - Ext. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Mugwort, western Branches used in a sweatbath for rheumatism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Poultice of steamed plants or bruised leaves for rheumatism or other aches. Paiute Dermatological aid. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Mugwort, western Decoction of plant used as a wash for rashes, itching, or skin eruptions. Poultice of leaves, or stems & leaves, applied to swellings, boils, & sores. Paiute Diaphoretic. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Mugwort, western Branches used as a bed in a sweatbath to steam out infection of influenza. Paiute Disinfectant. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Mugwort, western Branches used as a bed in a sweat bath to steam out infection of influenza. Paiute Eye medicine. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Mugwort, western Decoction of leaves used as an eyewash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Febrifuge. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Mugwort, western Poultice of steeped leaves used as a compress for fevers, especially babies'.

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Genera

· (71:512) · (30:134) · (30:134) · (30:134) · (36:18) · (33:190) (36:18) (36:18) · (33:190) · (36:18) · (21:366) (62:211) (62:211) (62:211) · (62:211) (62:211) (62:211) (85:56) (85:56) (84:48) (63:363) (28:321) (28:334) (28:334) · (81:40-42) · (81:40-42) · (81:40-42) · (81:40-42) · (81:40-42) · (81:40-42) · (81:40-42) · (81:40-42) · (81:40-42) · (81:40-42) · (81:40-42) · (81:40-42) · (81:40-42)

Artemisia

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Artemisia ludoviciana Asteraceae Paiute Gast-intestinal aid. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Mugwort, western Decoction of whole plant or shoots taken for stomachaches. . . . . . Paiute Gynecological aid. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Mugwort, western Decoction of root or entire plant taken as a tonic after childbirth. Infusion of leaves used as a regulator of menstrual disorders. Paiute Herbal steam. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Mugwort, western Branches used as a bed in a sweatbath to steam out infection of influenza. Paiute Misc disease remedy. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Mugwort, western Branches used as a bed in a sweatbath to steam out infection of influenza. Paiute Orthopedic aid. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Mugwort, western Decoction of plant used as a soaking bath for aching feet. . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Pediatric aid. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Mugwort, western Poultice of steeped leaves used as a compress for fevers, especially babies'. Paiute Tonic. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Mugwort, western Decoction of root or entire plant taken as a tonic after childbirth. Paiute Venereal aid. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Mugwort, western Decoction of plant tops taken to treat venereal diseases. . . . . Shoshone Analgesic. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Mugwort, western Decoction of leaves taken for colds, coughs, and headaches. .. Decoction of whole plant or young growth taken hot or cold for stomachaches. Poultice of steeped leaves used as a compress for fevers, especially babies'. Shoshone Antidiarrheal. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Mugwort, western Decoction of plant tops taken to stop diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Cathartic. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Mugwort, western Decoction of whole plant or shoots taken as a physic. Shoshone Cold remedy. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Mugwort, western Compound decoction of plant tops taken for coughs and colds. .. Compound decoction of whole plant taken for coughs, heavy colds, and fevers. Decoction of branches taken in small doses for coughs and colds. Decoction of leaves taken for colds, coughs, and headaches. . . . . . . Decoction of tops alone, or sometimes with roots, taken for colds. .. Shoshone Cough medicine. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Mugwort, western Compound decoction of plant tops taken for coughs and colds. . . . . Compound decoction of whole plant or plant tops taken for coughs. Compound decoction of whole plant taken for coughs, heavy colds, and fevers. Decoction of branches taken in small doses for coughs and colds. Simple or compound decoction of leaves taken for coughs. . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Dermatological aid. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Mugwort, western Decoction of plant used as a wash for rashes, itching, or skin eruptions. Shoshone Disinfectant. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Mugwort, western Decoction of plant tops taken for severe infections. . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Eye medicine. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Mugwort, western Infusion of leaves used as an eyewash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Febrifuge. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Mugwort, western Compound decoction of whole plant taken for coughs, heavy colds, and fevers. Poultice of steeped leaves used as a compress for fevers, especially babies'. Shoshone Gast-intestinal aid. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Mugwort, western Decoction of whole plant or shoots taken for stomachaches. . . . . . . . Shoshone Gynecological aid. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Mugwort, western Infusion of leaves used as a regulator of menstrual disorders. . . . . . . Shoshone Misc disease remedy. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Mugwort, western Decoction of branches taken for influenza. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Pediatric aid. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Mugwort, western Poultice of steeped leaves used as a compress for fevers, especially babies'. Washoe Analgesic. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Mugwort, western Decoction of leaves taken and used as a cooling, aromatic wash for headaches .. Washoe Cold remedy. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Mugwort, western Decoction of leaves taken for "heavy colds" and head colds. . . . . . Washoe Cough medicine. ARTEMISIA GNAPHALODES Mugwort, western Decoction of leaves taken for colds, coughs, and headaches. Artemisia mexicana Asteraceae Kiowa Dermatological aid. Mugwort, Mexican Poultice of chewed leaves applied to sores. Kiowa Herbal steam. Mugwort, Mexican Plant used as a purifying agent in the sweat house. Kiowa Throat aid. Mugwort, Mexican Leaves chewed for sore throats. Artemisia nova Asteraceae Shoshone Cold remedy. Sage, chicken Decoction of leaves taken for coughs and colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Genera

· (81:40-42) · (81:40-42) · (81:40-42) · (81:40-42) · (81:40-42) · (81:40-42) · (81:40-42) · (81:40-42) · (81:40-42) · (81:40-42) · (81:40-42) · (81:40-42) · (81:40-42) · (81:40-42) · · · · ·

(81:40-42) (81:40-42) (81:40-42) (81:40-42) (81:40-42)

· · · · ·

(81:40-42) (81:40-42) (81:40-42) (81:40-42) (81:40-42)

· (81:40-42) · (81:40-42) · (81:40-42) · (81:40-42) · (81:40-42) · (81:40-42) · (81:40-42) · (81:40-42) · (81:40-42) · (81:40-42) · (81:40-42) · (81:40-42) (85:56) (85:56) (85:56) ..

(81:43)

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Medicinal Plants of Native America

Artemisia

Table 1: Genera -Artemisia nova Asteraceae Shoshone Cough medicine. Sage, chicken Decoction of leaves taken for coughs and colds. Artemisia pacifica Asteraceae Navaho-Kayenta Ceremonial medicine. Plant used as a ceremonial fumigant ingredient. Navaho-Kayenta Disinfectant. Plant used as a ceremonial fumigant ingredient. Artemisia sp. Asteraceae Bella Coola Unspecified. ARTEMISIA DISCOLOR Sagebrush Used as a medicine; no specific use noted. . . . . . . . .. . Dakota Ceremonial medicine. Mugwort Plant used in purificatory rites by women after menstruation. Dakota Ceremonial medicine. Sage, wild Plant used to begin any ceremonial in order to drive away evil influences. Dakota Disinfectant. Sage, wild Decoction of plant used as wash for purification. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dakota Gast-intestinal aid. Sage, wild Decoction of plant taken for stomach troubles and many other ailments. Dakota Witchcraft medicine. Sage, wild Plant used as incense to exorcise evil powers. .. . N Carrier Analgesic. ARTEMISIA DISCOLOR Sagebrush Hot infusion of plant taken for headache. Navaho Analgesic. ARTEMISIA TRIFIDA Plant used for headaches. . . . . . . . . . Navaho Dermatological aid. ARTEMISIA TRIFIDA Sagebrush, three lobed Infusion of plant used as a wash for wounds caused by removed corns. Nunivak Eskimo Cold remedy. Infusion of plant used for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nunivak Eskimo Dermatological aid. Poultice of powdered plant applied to injuries or swellings. Nunivak Eskimo Unspecified. Dried plant used for medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Omaha Ceremonial medicine. Sage, wild Plant used to begin any ceremonial in order to drive away evil influences. Omaha Disinfectant. Sage, wild Decoction of plant used as wash for purification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Omaha Gast-intestinal aid. Sage, wild Decoction of plant taken for stomach troubles and many other ailments. Omaha Witchcraft medicine. Sage, wild Plant used as incense to exorcise evil powers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Analgesic. ARTEMISIA DOUGLASIANA t Sagebrush Poultice of crushed green leaves used as a compress for headaches. Paiute Misc disease remedy. ARTEMISIA DOUGLASIANA t Sagebrush Burning plant used as an inhalant for the grippe. . . . . . . . . . . Pawnee Ceremonial medicine. Sage, wild Plant used to begin any ceremonial in order to drive away evil influences. Pawnee Disinfectant. Sage, wild Decoction of plant used as wash for purification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pawnee Gast-intestinal aid. Sage, wild Decoction of plant taken for stomach troubles and many other ailments. Pawnee Witchcraft medicine. Sage, wild Plant used as incense to exorcise evil powers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ponca Ceremonial medicine. Sage, wild Plant used to begin any ceremonial in order to drive away evil influences. Ponca Disinfectant. Sage, wild . Decoction of plant used as wash for purification. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ponca Gast-intestinal aid. Sage, wild Decoction of plant taken for stomach troubles and many other ailments. Ponca Witchcraft medicine. Sage, wild Plant used as incense to exorcise evil powers. . . . . . . . . . S Carrier Dermatological aid. ARTEMISIA DISCOLOR Sagebrush Poultice of chewed plant applied to sprains and swellings. S Carrier Orthopedic aid. ARTEMISIA DISCOLOR Sagebrush Poultice of chewed leaves applied to sprains. Thompson Ind Unspecified. Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose. W. Eskimo Cold remedy. Plant taken for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . W. Eskimo Unspecified. Poultice of plant used for unspecified ailments.

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Genera

(81:43) (91:45) (91:45) · (60:65) · (29:369) (30:134,135) (30:134,135) · .. (30:135) (30:134,135) (60:65) (23:97) (23:82) (59:325) · (59:325) · (59:325) (30:134,135) (30:134,135) · .. (30:135) (30:134,135) (81:39) (81:39) (30:134,135) (30:134,135) · .. (30:135) (30:134,135) (30:134,135) (30:134,135) · .. (30:135) (30:134,135) (60:65) (60:65) · (71:468) (46:33) (46:33)

Artemisia

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: GeneraArtemisia

8p. Asteraceae Washoe Analgesic. ARTEMISIA DOUGLASIANA t Sagebrush Decoction of leaves used as a wash for headaches. . . . . . . Washoe Antirheumatic - Ext. ARTEMISIA DOUGLASIANA t Sagebrush Decoction of leaves used as a liniment for rheumatism. . . . . . . Winnebago Ceremonial medicine. Sage, wild Plant used to begin any ceremonial in order to drive away evil influences. Winnebago Disinfectant. Sage, wild Decoction of plant used as wash for purification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Winnebago Gast-intestinal aid. Sage, wild Decoction of plant taken for stomach troubles and many other ailments. Winnebago Witchcraft medicine. Sage, wild Plant used as incense to exorcise evil powers. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Artemisia spinescens Asteraceae Paiute Analgesic. Sage, bud Decoction of branches taken for chronic stomach troubles and cramps. Paiute Antirheumatic - Ext. Sage, bud Decoction of stems and leaves used as a wash for rheumatism. Paiute Cold remedy. Sage, bud Decoction of root taken for colds, coughs, or chest congestion. Paiute Cough medicine. Sage, bud Decoction of root taken for colds, coughs, or chest congestion. Paiute Dermatological aid. Sage, bud Green leaves rubbed on bed patients to prevent bedsores. Mashed green leaves mixed with tobacco used as a salve for sores or bruises. Poultice of mashed green leaves applied to "draw out boils." . . . . . . . Poultice of mashed green leaves or young branches applied to swellings. Paiute Diuretic. Sage, bud Decoction of flowers and leaves taken for "stoppage of the bladder." Paiute Gast-intestinal aid. Sage, bud Decoction of branches taken for stomach trouble, cramps, or indigestion. Paiute Pulmonary aid. Sage, bud Decoction of root taken for chest congestion, coughs, or colds. . . . . . . Strained decoction of leaves and flowers taken to stop tubercular hemorrhage. Shoshone Dermatological aid. Sage, bud Crushed, moistened leaves rubbed onto the skin for irritations and rashes. Poultice of whole plant, either fresh or boiled, applied to rash or itch. Shoshone Hemostat. Sage, bud Decoction of leaves sniffed to stop nosebleed. . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Misc disease remedy. Sage, bud Decoction of whole plant taken and used as a wash for influenza. Shoshone Pulmonary aid. Sage, bud Decoction of branches taken to stop tubercular hemorrhage. Artemisia tilesii Asteraceae Eskimo Cancer treatment. Plant used as an antitumor agent. Eskimo Disinfectant. Plant used as an infection inhibitor. Eskimo Febrifuge. Plant used for fevers. . . . . . . . . . Tainarna Inds Antirheumatic - Int. Sage bush Plant used for diseases from rheumatism to tuberculosis. Tainarna Inds Misc disease remedy. Sage bush Plant used for diseases from rheumatism to tuberculosis. Tainarna Inds Tuberculosis remedy. Sage bush Plant used for diseases from rheumatism to tuberculosis. W. Eskimo Dermatological aid. Wormwood Poultice of dried, shredded plant applied to skin infections. W. Eskimo Gast-intestinal aid. Decoction of plant taken for stomachache. ......... . W. Eskimo Orthopedic aid. Wormwood Plant used as switch during steambath to heal a sprained or sore limb. W. Eskimo Orthopedic aid. Poultice of heated leaves applied to a painful joint; also, used internally. W. Eskimo Other. Plant used as a switch during the sweatbath. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Artemisia tridentata Asteraceae Coahuilla Gast-intestinal aid. ARTEMESIA TRIDENTATA Wormwood Decoction of leaves taken for stomach complaints. Gosiute Antirheumatic - Ext. Sagebrush, common Plant used externally and internally for rheumatism.

Genera

(81:39) (81:39) (30:134,135) (30:134,135) . .. (30:135) (30:134,135) · (81:43,44) · (81:43,44) · (81:43,44) · (81:43,44) · · · ·

(81:43,44) (81:43,44) (81:43,44) (81:43,44)

· (81:43,44) · (81:43,44) · (81:43,44) · (81:43,44) · (81:43,44) · (81:43,44) · (81:43,44) · (81:43,44) · (81:43,44) (59:320) (59:320) (59:320) (59:329) (59:329) (59:329) (46:33) (44:13) (46:33) (44:5,13) (44:39) . (2:78) (14:351)

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67

Artemisia

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Artemisia tridentata Asteraceae Gosiute Antirheumatic - Int. Sagebrush, common Plant used externally and internally for rheumatism. Gosiute Cold remedy. Sagebrush, common Plant used for fevers, coughs and colds. Gosiute Cough medicine. Sagebrush, common Plant used for fevers, coughs and colds. Gosiute Febrifuge. Sagebrush Infusion of leaves used for febrile conditions. Gosiute Febrifuge. Sagebrush, common Plant used for fevers, coughs and colds. Gosiute Panacea. Sagebrush, common Plant used as a panacea. . . . . . . . . Hopi Gast-intestinal aid. Sagebrush Plant used to treat digestive disorders. Hopi Orthopedic aid. Infusion of leaves taken for ailing ilium. Kawaiisu Analgesic. Sagebrush, basin Decoction of plant fumes inhaled for headaches. Kawaiisu Cold remedy. Sagebrush, basin Decoction of plant fumes inhaled for head colds and chest colds. Decoction or infusion of leaves taken for bad colds. Kawaiisu Cough medicine. Sagebrush, basin Infusion of leaves taken for colds and coughs . . . . . Kawaiisu Herbal steam. Sagebrush, basin Decoction of plant fumes inhaled for head colds, chest colds and headaches. Kawaiisu Misc disease remedy. Sagebrush, basin Decoction of leaves taken for influenza or bad colds. Klamath Antidiarrheal. Sagebrush Decoction of herbs taken for diarrhea. Klamath Eye medicine. Sagebrush Decoction of herbs used as an eyewash. Klamath Orthopedic aid. Sagebrush Smashed herbs used as substitute for liniment. Montana Ind. Antidiarrheal. Sagebrush Decoction of herb taken to check diarrhea; used externally as an eye wash. Montana Ind. Eye medicine. Sagebrush Decoction of herb taken to check diarrhea; used externally as an eye wash. Montana Ind. Orthopedic aid. Sagebrush Mashed herbs used as a substitute for liniment; also, used as a poultice. Navaho Analgesic. Sagebrush, three toothed Compound of plants used for headaches. . . . . . . Navaho Ceremonial medicine. Sagebrush, black Plant used for religious and medicinal ceremonies. Navaho Cold remedy. Sagebrush, three toothed Plant used for colds and fevers. Navaho Febrifuge. Sagebrush, three toothed Plant used for colds and fevers. Navaho Gast-intestinal aid. Sagebrush, three toothed Decoction of plants taken for stomachaches. Navaho Gynecological aid. Sagebrush, three toothed Infusion of plants taken by women as an aid for deliverance. Navaho-Kayenta Laxative. Plant used for constipation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Snake bite remedy. Infusion of plant taken and used as a lotion for water snake bites. Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Sagebrush, big Decoction of leaves taken for postpartum pain. Navaho-Ramah Cough medicine. Sagebrush, big Decoction of leaves taken for "big cough." Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Sagebrush, big Poultice of wet leaves applied to swellings. Navaho-Ramah Diaphoretic. Sagebrush, big Plant used in a sweatbath medicine. Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. Sagebrush, big Decoction of leaves taken for postpartum pain. Navaho-Ramah Veterinary aid. Sagebrush, big Cold infusion of leaves used as lotion for cuts on sheep. Paiute Analgesic. Sagebrush, big Burning plant used as an inhalant for headache. Decoction of branches taken for headache.

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Genera

· (14:351) (14:351) (14:351) (14:363) · (14:351) · (14:351) · (88:34,94) (24:17) (92:13) (92:13) (92:13) (92:13) (92:13) (92:13) (70:131) (70:131) (70:131) (3:7) (3:7) (3:7) (23:81) (38:158) (23:81) (23:81) (23:81) (23:81) (91:45) (91:45) (84:48) (84:48) (84:48) (84:48) (84:48) (84:48) · (81:44-47) · (81:44-47)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Artemisia

Table 1: Genera -Artemisia tridentata Asteraceae Paiute Analgesic. Sagebrush, big Decoction of branches taken to relieve stomachaches, especially children's. Paiute Cold remedy. Sagebrush, big Burning branches used as an inhalant for head colds. . Compound decoction of plant tops taken for colds. Decoction of leaves taken or raw leaves eaten for colds. Poultice of mashed green leaves applied for chest colds. Paiute Cold remedy. Plant chewed for stomach disorders or colds. . . . . . . Paiute Dermatological aid. Sagebrush, big Decoction of leaves used as an antiseptic wash for cuts, wounds, or sores. Poultice of wet, steeped leaves applied to promote healing of bullet wounds. Pulverized leaves used as a talcum powder for babies. Paiute Diaphoretic. Infusion of leaves taken to produce sweating during a fever. Paiute Disinfectant. Sagebrush, big Decoction of leaves used as an antiseptic wash for cuts, wounds or sores. Paiute Febrifuge. Sagebrush, big Decoction of leaves taken for malarial fever. . . . . . . . . . Paiute Febrifuge. Infusion of leaves taken to produce sweating during a fever. Paiute Gast-intestinal aid. Sagebrush, big Decoction of branches used to relieve stomachaches, especially children's. Raw leaves chewed for indigestion. . . . . . . Paiute Gast-intestinal aid. Plant chewed for stomach disorders or colds. Paiute Gynecological aid. Sagebrush, big Decoction of plant taken as a general tonic, especially after childbirth. Paiute Misc disease remedy. Sagebrush, big Decoction of leaves taken for malarial fever. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Orthopedic aid. Sagebrush, big Decoction of branches as liniment for lumbago, muscular cramps, & sore feet. Paiute Pediatric aid. Sagebrush, big Decoction of branches used to relieve stomachaches, especially children's. Finely pulverized dried leaves used as a baby powder. . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Pulmonary aid. Sagebrush, big Compound decoction of leaves taken and poultice of decoction for pneumonia. Poultice of mashed green leaves applied for chest colds. . . . . . . . . . Paiute Tonic. Sagebrush, big Decoction of plant taken as a general tonic, especially after childbirth. Salishan Cold remedy. Sagebrush Plant used for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sanpoil Cold remedy. Sagebrush, common Infusion of pulverized leaves & stems taken for colds and "la grippe." Sanpoil Diaphoretic. Sagebrush, common Infusion of tips of stems & seed pods taken as a diaphoretic. Sanpoil Gast-intestinal aid. Sagebrush, common Infusion of tips of stems & seed pods taken for indigestion & biliousness. Sanpoil Laxative. Sagebrush, common Various infusions of leaves, stems, and seed pods taken as laxatives. Sanpoil Misc disease remedy. Sagebrush, common Infusion of pulverized leaves & stems taken for colds and "la grippe." Sanpoil Tuberculosis remedy. Sagebrush, common Infusion of tips of stems & seed pods taken for indigestion & tuberculosis. Shoshone Analgesic. Sagebrush, big Decoction of branches taken to relieve stomach cramps. Decoction of leaves used as a wash for headaches. . . . . Hot poultice of branches applied for various aches and pains. Poultice of crushed, moistened green leaves applied to forehead for headache. Shoshone Antidote. Sagebrush, big Decoction of leaves taken or leaf chewed as an antidote for any poisoning. .. Shoshone Antirheumatic - Ext. Sagebrush, big Poultice of boiled branches applied for aches & pains, especially rheumatism. Shoshone Cold remedy. Sagebrush, big Compound decoction of plant tops taken for colds. Decoction of leaves taken or raw leaves eaten for colds. Shoshone Cough medicine. Sagebrush, big Decoction of branches with salt taken as a cough remedy. Decoction of leaves and salt taken for cough of pneumonia.

Genera

· (81:44-47) · · · ·

(81:44-47) (81:44-47) (81:44-47) (81:44-47)

· . (73:317) · (81:44-47) · (81:44-47) · (81:44-47) · . (73:317) · (81:44-47) · (81:44-47) · . (73:317) · (81:44-47) · (81:44-47) · . (73:317) · (81:44-47) · (81:44-47) · (81:44-47) · (81:44-47) · (81:44-47) · (81:44-47) · (81:44-47) · (81:44-47) (80:294) (51:217) (51:217) (51:217) (51:217) (51:217) (51:217) · · · ·

(81:44-47) (81:44-47) (81:44-47) (81:44-47)

· (81:44-47) · (81:44-47) · (81:44-47) · (81:44-47) · (81:44-47) · (81:44-47)

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69

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Artemisia

Table 1: Genera -Artemisia tridentata Aste~aceae Shoshone Dermatological aid. Sagebrush, big · (81:44-47) Decoction of branches used to relieve red ant bites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Decoction of leaves used as an antiseptic wash for cuts, wounds, or sores. · (81:44-47) · (81:44-47) Poultice of leaf decoction or powdered branches for sores, cuts, or wounds. Shoshone Diaphoretic. Sagebrush, big · (81:44-47) Decoction of leaves taken to cause sweating, breaking a fever. . . . . . . Shoshone Disinfectant. Sagebrush, big Decoction of leaves used as an antiseptic wash for cuts, wounds or sores. · (81:44-47) · (81:44-47) Warm decoction of leaves used as an antiseptic bath for newborns. Shoshone Emetic. Sagebrush, big Decoction of plant tops taken for colds; overdose acts as an emetic. · (81:44-47) Shoshone Eye medicine. Sagebrush, big · (81:44-47) Poultice of steeped leaves applied to inflamed eyes. . . . . . . Shoshone Febrifuge. Sagebrush, big Decoction of leaves taken to cause sweating, breaking a fever. · (81:44-47) Shoshone Gast-intestinal aid. Sagebrush, big Hot decoction of branches taken for stomach cramps. .. . . . · (81:44-47) · (81:44-47) Raw leaves chewed for indigestion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Gynecological aid. Sagebrush, big Decoction of plant taken as a general tonic, especially after childbirth. · (81:44-47) Shoshone Orthopedic aid. Sagebrush, big Decoction of branches as a wash or liniment for lumbago or muscular cramps. · (81:44-47) Shoshone Pediatric aid. Sagebrush, big Decoction of leaves used as a warm antiseptic bath for newborn babies. · (81:44-47) Shoshone Pulmonary aid. Sagebrush, big · (81:44-47) Decoction of leaves with salt taken for cough of pneumonia. Shoshone Throat aid. Sagebrush, big Strained decoction of leaves gargled for sore throat. . . . . . · (81:44-47) Shoshone Tonic. Sagebrush, big Decoction of plant taken as a general tonic, especially after childbirth. · (81:44-47) Shoshone Toothache remedy. Sagebrush, big Poultice of mashed leaves applied to cheek for toothache. · (81:44-47) Shuswap Cold remedy. Sage, big (47:58) Decoction of plants inhaled for a bad cold. . . . . . . Shuswap Disinfectant. Sage, big (47:58) Plant used to fumigate the house and keep germs off. Shuswap Witchcraft medicine. Sage, big (47:58) Plant used to fumigate the house and keep germs off. Tewa Carminative. Sage, Rocky Mountain (54:45) Leaves eaten as a carminative and for indigestion. Tewa Cough medicine. Sage, Rocky Mountain (54:45) Leaves eaten as a cough remedy and expectorant. Tewa Expectorant. Sage, Rocky Mountain (54:45) Leaves chewed and swallowed as an expectorant. Tewa Gast-intestinal aid. Sage, Rocky Mountain (54:45) Leaves eaten as a carminative and for indigestion. Thompson Ind Cold remedy. Sagebrush (71:459) Decoction of leaves taken, poultice or plugs of leaves in nostrils for colds .. Thompson Ind Stimulant. Sagebrush (71:459) Bruised leaves used as an inhalant to revive a patient. . . . . . . Thompson Ind Tuberculosis remedy. Sagebrush . (71:459) Decoction of stems and leaves taken for consumption and colds. Washoe Cold remedy. Sagebrush, big · (81:44-47) Decoction of leaves taken for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washoe Disinfectant. Sagebrush, big · (81:44-47) Branches burned as fumigant for sickroom or for utensils used for childbirth. Washoe Tonic. Sagebrush, big · (81:44-47) Decoction of plant taken as a general tonic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Artemisia unalaskensis Asteraceae Aleut Antirheumatic - Ext. (1:426) Heated plant used externally as a "switch" for rheumatism. Aleut Dermatological aid. (1:425) Poultice of heated leaves applied to sore muscles and minor cuts. Aleut Orthopedic aid. (1:425) Poultice of heated leaves applied to sore muscles and minor cuts. Aleut Tonic. Decoction of leaves taken as a tonic; especially good "for dying persons." (1:427) Artemisia vulgaris Asteraceae Karok Analgesic. Mugwort, California Infusion of plant taken by women to relieve the pains of afterbirth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (58:390)

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Genera

Artemisia

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Artemisia vulgaris Asteraceae Karok Cold remedy. Mugwort, California Poultice of branches applied for colds and any kind of sickness. Karok Gynecological aid. Mugwort, California Infusion of plant taken by women to relieve the pains of afterbirth. Karok Panacea. Mugwort, California Poultice of branches applied for colds and any kind of sickness. Kiowa Anthelmintic. Mugwort, common Plant used as a "worm" medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kiowa Other. Mugwort, common Leaves are rubbed on the face and hands as a purifying agent. Paiute Cold remedy. Poultice of crushed leaves applied to the chest for colds. Paiute Dermatological aid. Decoction of tops applied to gonorrheal sores. Paiute Orthopedic aid. Plant used for female backache and knee-ache. Paiute Venereal aid. Decoction of tops applied to gonorrheal sores. Porno Dermatological aid. Mugwort, California Poultice of heated leaves applied to newborn baby's navel. Porno Gynecological aid. Mugwort, California Decoction of leaves taken to stop excessive menstruation, Plant used in childbirth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Porno Pediatric aid. Mugwort, California Poultice of heated leaves applied to newborn baby's navel. Sanpoil Analgesic. Sagewort, common Leaves placed in the nostrils for an hour to relieve a cold or a headache. Sanpoil Cold remedy. Sagewort, common Leaves placed in the nostrils for an hour to relieve a cold or a headache. Sanpoil Dermatological aid. -Sagewort, common Pulverized leaves sprinkled on sores "to hasten their healing." Tlingit Herbal steam. Wormwood Plant taken or used in steambath for pleurisy. Tlingit Pulmonary aid. Wormwood Plant taken or used in steambath for pleurisy. Aruncus dioicus Rosaceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Goat's beard Beaten root applied to bee stings in eye or face. Cherokee Eye medicine. Goat's beard Beaten root applied to bee stings in eye or face. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Goat's beard Infusion of root used to prevent excessive bleeding at childbirth. Cherokee Orthopedic aid. Goat's beard Infusion of root used to bathe swollen feet. Cherokee Urinary aid. Goat's beard Infusion taken to stop excessive urination. Aruncus sp. Rosaceae Kwakiutl Cough medicine. ARUNCUS ARUNCUS Dried root held in mouth for cough. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Cold remedy. ARUNCUS ACUMINATUS Goat's beard Decoction of root taken for colds and influenza. . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. ARUNCUS ACUMINATUS Goat's beard Decoction of root taken for "swellings;" stalk ashes & grease as salve. Thompson Ind Gast-intestinal aid. ARUNCUS ACUMINATUS Goat's beard Decoction of root taken for indigestion and general stomach disorders. Thompson Ind Misc disease remedy. ARUNCUS ACUMINATUS Goat's beard Decoction of roots taken for colds and influenza. Thompson Ind Other. ARUNCUS ACUMINATUS Goat's beard Salve of stalk ashes and grease used to relieve paralysis. . . . . . . . . . Aruncus sylvester Rosaceae Bella Cool a Analgesic. Goat's beard Decoction of root taken for pain in the stomach; also, taken for gonorrhea. Bella Coola Diuretic. Goat's beard Decoction of root taken as a diuretic; also, taken for gonorrhea. Bella Coola Gast-intestinal aid. Goat's beard Decoction of root taken for stomach pain; also, taken for gonorrhea. Bella Coola Misc disease remedy. Goat's beard Decoction of root in grease of mountain goat taken for smallpox. Bella Coola Venereal aid. Goat's beard Decoction of root taken for gonorrhea; also, taken for stomach pain.

Genera

(58:390) (58:390) (58:390) (85:57) (85:57) (42:197) (73:317) (73:317) (73:317) (27:15) (27:15) (27:15) (27:15) (51:217) (51:217) (51:217) (43:283) (43:283) (35:36) (35:36) (35:36) (35:36) (35:36) (4:381) (71:457) (71:457) (71:457) (71:457) (71:457) (60:59) (60:59) (60:59) (60:59) (60:59)

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Medicinal Plants of Native America

Aruncus

Table 1: Genera -AruncUB sylvester Rosaceae

Klallam Dermatological aid. Goat's beard Salve of root ashes rubbed on sores. Kwakiutl Cough medicine. Goat's beard Dried, soaked root held in the mouth for coughing. Kwakiutl Love medicine. Goat's beard Root used as a love charm. . . . . . . Lummi Dermatological aid. Goat's beard Plant used for sores. . . . . . . . . . . Lummi Misc disease remedy. Goat's beard Raw leaves chewed for smallpox. Makah Dermatological aid. Goat's beard Plant used for sores. . . . . . . . . . . Makah Kidney aid. Goat's beard Infusion of roots taken for kidney trouble and gonorrhea. Makah Venereal aid. Goat's beard Infusion of roots taken for kidney trouble and gonorrhea. Quileute Dermatological aid. Goat's beard Poultice of scraped roots applied to sores. . . . . . . Quileute Tonic. Goat's beard Infusion of pounded roots taken as a general tonic. Quinault Dermatological aid. Goat's beard Plant used for sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Skagit Cold remedy. Goat's beard Infusion of roots taken for colds and sore throats. Skagit Dermatological aid. Goat's beard Plant used for sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Skagit Throat aid. Goat's beard Infusion of roots taken for colds and sore throats. Poultice of twig and root ashes with bear grease applied to throat swellings. Arundinaria gigantea Poaceae Houma Kidney aid. ARUNDINARIA MACROSPERMA Cane Decoction of root taken to stimulate the kidneys and "renew strength." Houma Stimulant. ARUNDINARIA MACROSPERMA Cane Decoction of roots taken to stimulate the kidneys and "renew strength." Arundinaria tecta Poaceae Choctaw Analgesic. Cane, switch Decoction of roots taken for breast pain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Houma Kidney aid. Cane Decoction of root taken to stimulate the kidneys and "renew strength." Houma Stimulant. Cane Decoction of roots taken to stimulate the kidneys and "renew strength." Asarum arifolium Aristolochiaceae Catawba Analgesic. ASARUM ARIFOLIA Heart leaf Leaves used for severe pain in the heart from heart disease. Catawba Analgesic. Infusion of leaves taken for stomach pains or backaches. Catawba Gast-intestinal aid. ASARUM ARIFOLIA Heart leaf Leaves used for stomach trouble. Catawba Gast-intestinal aid. Infusion of leaves taken for stomach pains. Catawba Heart medicine. ASARUM ARIFOLIA Heart leaf Leaves used for severe pain in the heart from heart disease. Catawba Heart medicine. Infusion of leaves taken for heart troubles. Catawba Orthopedic aid. Plant used for backaches. . . . . . . . . . . Rappahannock Febrifuge. Heart leaf Infusion of leaves taken for fever and whooping cough. Rappahannock Pulmonary aid. Heart leaf Infusion of leaves taken for fever and whooping cough. Rappahannock Respiratory aid. Heart leaf Decoction of leaves with alcohol taken for asthma. Asarum canadense Aristolochiaceae Cherokee Abortifacient. Ginger, wild Used for "scant or painful menstruation;" infusion taken ''to start periods." Cherokee Analgesic. Ginger, wild Decoction of plant taken to cause vomiting for stomach pain. Cherokee Anthelmintic. Ginger, wild Root used as powerful stimulant; also, used for worms. .. . .

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Genera

· (34:33) · (82:288) · (82:288) (34:33) (34:33) (34:33) (34:33) (34:33) (34:33) (34:33) (34:33) (34:33) (34:33) (34:33) (34:33) (68:61) (68:61) .. (79:6) (68:61) (68:61) · (67:188) · (79:20) · (67:188) · (79:20) · (67:188) (79:20) (79:20) (69:25) (69:25) (69:25) . (35:35,36) .. (79:21) . (35:35,36)

Asarum

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Asarum canadense Aristolochiaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Ginger, wild Snuff of dried leaves used for head & eyes; also, infusion taken for "flux." Cherokee Blood medicine. Ginger, wild Compound infusion for poor digestion; compound infusion of root "for blood." Cherokee Breast treatment. Ginger, wild Infusion of whole plant used as a wash for swollen breasts. Cherokee Cold remedy. Ginger, wild Root used as powerful stimulant; also, used for colds and coughs. Cherokee Cough medicine. Ginger, wild Root used as powerful stimulant; also, used for colds and coughs. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Ginger, wild Fresh leaves applied to wounds; also, liquid or salve used on sores. Cherokee Emetic. Ginger, wild Infusion of plant taken as an emetic for swollen breasts and stomach pain. Cherokee Eye medicine. Ginger, wild Snuff of dried leaves used for head & eyes; also, infusion taken for "flux." Cherokee Febrifuge. Ginger, wild Taken for typhus fever; also, for "ague and fever." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Ginger, wild Compound infusion for poor digestion; compound infusion of root "for blood." Decoctiqn of plant taken to cause vomiting for stomach pain. . . . . . .... Cherokee Gynecological aid. Ginger, wild Used for "scant or painful menstruation;" infusion taken to start periods. Cherokee Heart medicine. Ginger, wild Compound infusion for poor digestion; infusion of root "for heart trouble." Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Ginger, wild Taken for typhus fever; also, for "ague and fever." . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Sedative. Ginger, wild Leaves, roots, or blossoms used for hysterical or nervous debility. Cherokee Stimulant. Ginger, wild Root used as powerful stimulant; also, used for colds and coughs. Chippewa Adjuvant. Ginger, wild Root combined with other herbs to strengthen their action. .. Chippewa Dermatological aid. Ginger, wild Compound poultice of chopped root applied to inflammations. Roots used for bruises and contusions. Chippewa Gast-intestinal aid. Ginger, wild Root cooked with foods to aid digestion. Chippewa Orthopedic aid. Ginger, wild Compound poultice of root applied to fractured bones. Fox Adjuvant. Ginger, wild Used as a seasoner; also, used to treat a sore throat. Fox Analgesic. Ginger, wild Compound used for cramps in the stomach. Fox Antidote. Ginger, wild Root cooked with spoiled meat to prevent ptomaine poisoning. Fox Ear medicine. Ginger, wild Cooked root placed in ear for earache or sore ears. Fox Gast-intestinal aid. Ginger, wild Compound used for cramps in the stomach. Fox Hunting medicine. Ginger, wild Root chewed and spittle put on bait to enable fisherman to catch catfish. Fox Pulmonary aid. Ginger, wild Compound used for lung trouble. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fox Throat aid. Ginger, wild Used to treat sore throat; also, a medicine used as a seasoning. Iroquois Adjuvant. Ginger, wild "Plant may be added to all kinds of medicine to make them stronger." Iroquois Analgesic. Ginger, wild Cold infusion of roots given to children with headaches and fevers. Infusion of plant taken for long lasting headaches. . . . . Iroquois Anticonvulsive. Ginger, wild Compound decoction given to children with convulsions. Iroquois Antiemetic. Ginger, wild Compound decoction taken for coughs or heaves in people or horses. Iroquois Blood medicine. Ginger, wild Complex compound decoction taken as blood purifier and for venereal disease. Iroquois Cathartic. Ginger, wild Infusion of root taken as a spring tonic by the old and works as a physic.

Genera

· (35:35,36) · (35:35,36) (79:21) · (35:35,36) · (35:35,36) (35:35,36) (79:21) · (35:35,36) · (35:35,36) · (35:35,36) (79:21) · (35:35,36) · (35:35,36) · (35:35,36) · (35:35,36) · (35:35,36) (21:342) (21:348) (31:129) (21:342) (21:366) (62:204) (62:204) (62:204) (62:204) (62:204) (62:204) (62:204) (62:204) (37:309) (37:308) (37:309) (37:308) (37:310) (37:310) (37:309)

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Asarum

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Asarum canadense Aristolochiaceae Iroquois Cold remedy. Ginger, wild Decoction of roots taken for scarlet fever, colds, and peevies. Infusion of roots taken for colds and typhoid fever. ... . . . Iroquois Cough medicine. Ginger, wild Compound decoction taken for coughs or heaves in people or horses. Decoction of root taken for coughs and measles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Dermatological aid. Ginger, wild Compound used for boils & laziness. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Diaphoretic. Ginger, wild Cold infusion or decoction of roots taken for any kind of fever and sweating. . . Iroquois Dietary aid. Ginger, wild Decoction taken to become fit to visit the sick and for the lack of appetite ... Iroquois Disinfectant. Ginger, wild Infusion or decoction used as wash for hands & face for ghost contamination. Iroquois Febrifuge. Ginger, wild Plant used several ways for fevers in adults and children. . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Misc disease remedy. Ginger, wild Compound decoction of roots taken for typhoid, measles and scarlet fever. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Ginger, wild Compound infusion given ''when babies cry until they hold their breath." Infusion of roots given to children with headaches, fevers or convulsions. Iroquois Psychological aid. Ginger, wild Infusion taken to prevent bad dreams caused by the dead. . . . . . . . . Iroquois Pulmonary aid. Ginger, wild Infusion taken and used as a wash for fever and chest congestion, then vomit. Iroquois Respiratory aid. Ginger, wild Infusion of root taken for asthma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Stimulant. Ginger, wild Compound used for boils & laziness. No preparation or application indicated. Decoction of roots taken for fevers, colds and as a stimulant. Iroquois Throat aid. Ginger, wild Poultice used for sore throat. No preparation indicated. . .. Iroquois Tonic. Ginger, wild Compound infusion taken for fevers and as a general tonic. . Infusion of root taken as a spring tonic by the old and works as a physic. Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Ginger, wild Compound infusion of roots taken for tuberculosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Urinary aid. Ginger, wild Decoction of roots taken for urinary disorders and the stoppage of urine. Iroquois Venereal aid. Ginger, wild Complex compound decoction taken as blood purifier and for venereal disease. Iroquois Veterinary aid. Ginger, wild Compound decoction taken for coughs or heaves in people or horses. Decoction with whisky given to horses that are sick from not being used. Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Ginger, wild Decoction or infusion used internally or externally before visiting the sick. Plant used several ways to detect or protect people from witchcraft. Menominee Gast-intestinal aid. Ginger, wild Fresh or dried root used as a mild stomachic. . ........... . Root eaten to protect "weak stomach" so that desired food may be eaten. Menominee Gast-intestinal aid. Wild ginger, Canada Decoction of root used to treat indigestion. . . . . . . Micmac Analgesic. Ginger, Indian Root used to treat cramps; also, used as a stomachic. Micmac Gast-intestinal aid. Ginger, Indian Root used to treat cramps; also, used as a stomachic. Micmac Tonic. Ginger, Indian Root used to treat cramps; also, used as a stomachic. Montagnais Panacea. Ginger, wild Plant has "general medicinal properties." . . . . . . . Ojibwa Dietary aid. Ginger, wild Root chewed by sick person as an appetite stimulant. Asarum caudatum Aristolochiaceae Bella Coola Analgesic. Ginger, wild Decoction of plant externally for headache, intestinal pain, and knee pain. Bella Coola Antirheumatic - Ext. Ginger, wild Decoction of plant externally for headache, intestinal pain, and knee pain. Bella Coola Gast-intestinal aid. Ginger, wild Decoction of plant externally for headache, intestinal pain, and knee pain. Decoction of plant taken for stomach pain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

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Genera

· (37:310) · (37:310) · (37:310) · (37:309) (37:311) (37:309) · (37:309) · (37:309) · (37:308) · (37:308) · (37:308) · (37:308) · (37:308) · (37:310) · (37:310) · (37:311) · (37:310) · (37:310) (37:311) (37:309) (37:310) · (37:309) · (37:310) · (37:310) (37:311) (37:309) (37:308) . (61:24,25) . (61:24,25) (22:130) (15:55) (15:55) (15:55) · (66:314) (63:357) (60:56) (60:56) (60:56) (60:56)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Asarum

Table 1: Genera - Asarum caudatum Aristolochiaceae Okanagan Gast-intestinal aid. Ginger, wild Decoction of rhizomes taken for stomach troubles, indigestion and colic. (48:40) Porno Dermatological aid. Ginger, wild Poultice of heated leaves applied to boils. (27:13) Skagit Dietary aid. Ginger, wild Leaves eaten to increase appetite. . (34:28) Skagit Tonic. Ginger, wild Decoction of leaves taken as a tonic. (34:28) Skagit Tuberculosis remedy. Ginger, wild Dried leaves used for tuberculosis. (34:28) Thompson Ind Gast-intestinal aid. Ginger, wild Decoction of rhizome taken as a stomach tonic and for indigestion and colic. (71:460) Decoction of rhizomes taken for stomach troubles, indigestion anq colic. (48:40) Thompson Ind Pediatric aid. Ginger, wild Whole plant or only stems put in infant's bed to quiet baby and cure illness. (71:508) Thompson Ind Sedative. Ginger, wild Whole plant or only stems put in infant's bed to quiet baby and cure illness. (71:508) Thompson Ind Tonic. Ginger, wild Decoction of rhizomes taken as a tonic for the stomach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (71:460) Asarum sp. Aristolochiaceae Catawba Analgesic. ASARUM APIIFOLIA Ginger, wild Infusion of leaves taken for heart troubles and stomach pains. (67:190) Catawba Gast-intestinal aid. ASARUM APIIFOLIA Ginger, wild Infusion of leaves taken for heart troubles and stomach pains. (67:190) Catawba Heart medicine. ASARUM APIIFOLIA Ginger, wild Infusion of leaves taken for heart troubles and stomach pains. (67:190) Cherokee Dermatological aid. Ginger, wild Poultice of fresh leaves applied to wounds. (90:74) Cherokee Other. Ginger, wild Dried and pounded leaves used for snuff. (90:74) Asarum virginicum Aristolochiaceae Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. HEXASTYLIS VIRGINICA Heart leaf Infusion taken "to stop blood from passing." (35:37) Asclepias califarnica Asclepiadaceae Kawaiisu Dermatological aid. Milkweed, California Dried, powdered plant applied to spider bites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (92:13) Asclepias capricarnu Asclepiadaceae Navaho-Kayenta Respiratory aid. ASCLEPIODORA DECUMBENS Plant used as a snuff for catarrh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (91:37) Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. ASCLEPIODORA DECUMBENS Antelope horns Plant used as ceremonial emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:39) Navaho-Ramah Emetic. ASCLEPIODORA DECUMBENS Antelope horns Plant used as ceremonial emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:39) Navaho-Ramah Veterinary aid. ASCLEPIODORA DECUMBENS Antelope horns Infusion taken and as lotion for mad dog or mad coyote bite on man or animal. (84:39) Asclepias cryptoceras Asclepiadaceae Paiute Analgesic. Milkweed Decoction of root used as a wash to relieve headaches. (81:47) Paiute Dermatological aid. Milkweed Latex used to cure ringworm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (81:47) Asclepias engelmanniana Asclepiadaceae Navaho-Kayenta Respiratory aid. ACERATES AURICULATA Plant used for nasal congestion from a cold. (91:36) Asclepias eriocarpa Asclepiadaceae Costanoan Cold remedy. Decoction of plant and plant salve used for colds. (5:12) Costanoan Dermatological aid. Milky juice used to reduce corns. . . . . . . . . . (5:12) Costanoan Other. Powdered, dried roots inhaled to cause sneezing. (5:12) Costanoan Respiratory aid. Burning dried plant smoke inhaled for asthma. . (5:12) Mendocino Ind Dermatological aid. Milkweed, common Plant juice applied to cuts, sores and warts. (16:379) Asclepias exaltata Asclepiadaceae Omaha Gast-intestinal aid. Milkweed, tall Raw root eaten as remedy for stomach trouble. (30:110) Ponca Gast-intestinal aid. Milkweed, tall Root eaten raw as remedy for stomach trouble. (30:110)

Genera

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75

Asclepias

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Asclepias fascicularis Asclepiadaceae

Mendocino Ind Poison. ASCLEPIAS MEXICANA Milkweed, wiry Flowers are poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asclepias hallii Asclepiadaceae Navaho Gynecological aid. Milkweed, hall Infusion of plant used as tonic after deliverance. Navaho-Kayenta Veterinary aid. Plant is poisonous to livestock. Asclepias incamata Asclepiadaceae Chippewa Pediatric aid. Milkweed, swamp Infusion of root used as a strengthening bath for children and adults. Chippewa Strengthener. Milkweed, swamp Infusion of root used as a strengthening bath for children and adults. Fox Anthelmintic. Milkweed, swamp Infusion of root used to drive the tapeworms from a person in one hour. Fox Carminative. Milkweed, swamp Root used as a diuretic, a carminative, a cathartic, and an emetic. Fox Cathartic. Milkweed, swamp Root used as a diuretic, a carminative, a cathartic, and an emetic. Fox Diuretic. Milkweed, swamp Root used as a diuretic, a carminative, a cathartic, and an emetic. Fox Emetic. Milkweed, swamp Root used as a diuretic, a carminative, a cathartic, and an emetic. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Milkweed, swamp Cold infusion of roots applied to heal babies navel. Iroquois Diuretic. Milkweed, swamp Decoction of plants taken for too much or too little urine. Iroquois Kidney aid. Milkweed, swamp Decoction of plants taken for lame backs and for the kidneys. Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Milkweed, swamp Decoction of plants taken for lame backs and for the kidneys. Iroquois Other. Milkweed, swamp Compound decoction of roots taken and used as wash for stricture. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Milkweed, swamp Cold infusion of roots applied to heal babies navel. Iroquois Strengthener. Milkweed, swamp Infusion of roots taken and used as wash to give strength. Iroquois Toothache remedy. Milkweed, swamp Cord made from dried stems used for tooth extraction. Iroquois Urinary aid. Milkweed, swamp Decoction of plants taken for too much or too little urine. Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Milkweed, swamp Compound decoction of plant to increase strength to punish bewitcher. Asclepias involucrata Asclepiadaceae Navaho-Kll¥enta Toothache remedy. Poultice of heated roots applied for toothaches. Asclepias nyctaginifolia Asclepiadaceae Navaho-Kayenta Antidiarrheal. Infusion of plant given to infants with diarrhea. Navaho-Kayenta Pediatric aid. Infusion of plant given to infants with diarrhea. Asclepias perennis Asclepiadaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Milkweed Infusion of root taken with root of "virgin's bower" for backache. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Milkweed Rubbed on warts to remove them; infusion given for "milksick (mastitis)." Cherokee Kidney aid. Milkweed Plant taken as a laxative; also, taken for "gravel" and "dropsy." Cherokee Laxative. Milkweed Plant taken as a laxative; also, taken for "gravel" and "dropsy." Cherokee Urinary aid. Milkweed Plant taken as a laxative; also, taken for "gravel" and "dropsy." Cherokee Venereal aid. Milkweed Infusion of root taken for venereal diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Veterinary aid. Milkweed Rubbed on warts to remove them; infusion given for "milksick (mastitis)." Asclepias quadrifolia Asclepiadaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Milkweed, four leaved Infusion of root taken with root of "virgin's bower" for backache. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Milkweed, four leaved Rubbed on warts to remove them; infusion given for "milksick (mastitis)."

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Genera

. (16:380)

(23:69) (91:36) · (21:364) · (21:364) (62:205) (62:205) · (62:205) · (62:205) · (62:205) · (37:418) · (37:418) · (37:418) · (37:418) (37:417) (37:418) (37:418) · (37:418) (37:418) (37:418) (91:36) (91:37) (91:37) (35:44) (35:44) (35:44) (35:44) (35:44) (35:44) (35:44) (35:44) (35:44)

Asclepias

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Asclepias quadrifolia Asclepiadaceae

Cherokee Kidney aid. Milkweed, four leaved Plant taken as a laxative; also, taken for "gravel" and "dropsy." Cherokee Laxative. Milkweed, four leaved Plant taken as a laxative; also, taken for "gravel" and "dropsy." Cherokee Urinary aid. Milkweed, four leaved Plant taken as a laxative; also, taken for "gravel" and "dropsy." Cherokee Venereal aid. Milkweed, four leaved Infusion of root taken for venereal diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Veterinary aid. Milkweed, four leaved Rubbed on warts to remove them; infusion given for "milksick (mastitis)." Asclepias sp. Asclepiadaceae Delaware-Okl Anticonvulsive. Milkweed Infusion of pounded roots of five species taken to cure epileptic fits. Hopi Gynecological aid. ASCLEPIAS GALIOIDES Milkweed Plant used to increase mother's milk flow. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . Natchez Kidney aid. Milkweed Infusion of root taken for "kidney trouble and Bright's disease." Infusion of roots taken for kidney troubles and nephritis. Natchez Venereal aid. Milkweed Plant used for syphilis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plant used in unspecified manner for syphilis. Navaho Gast-intestinal aid. Milkweed Infusion of crushed, dried leaves taken for stomach troubles. Tewa Gynecological aid. Plant used as a remedy for sore breasts. . . . . . . . . . . . . Asclepias speciosa Asclepiadaceae Cheyenne Eye medicine. Milkweed, showy Decoction of plant tops used as an eyewash for blindness or snowblindness. Navaho-Kayenta Ceremonial medicine. Plant used as a Eagleway, Female Shootingway, Beautyway, and Beadway emetic. Navaho-Kayenta Emetic. Plant used as a Eagleway, Female Shootingway, Beautyway, and Beadway emetic. Okanagan Analgesic. Milkweed Decoction of roots taken for headaches and general debility. Paiute Antirheumatic - Ext. Milkweed Decoction of root used as a wash for rheumatism. . . . . . . Paiute Cough medicine. Milkweed Decoction of root taken for cough, especially from tuberculosis. Paiute Dermatological aid. Milkweed Latex or pulverized seeds used as an antiseptic and healing agent on sores. Paiute Misc disease remedy. Milkweed Hot decoction of root taken to "bring out the rash of measles." Paiute Snake bite remedy. Milkweed Decoction of seeds used to draw poison from snake bites. Paiute Tuberculosis remedy. Milkweed Decoction of root taken for cough, especially from tuberculosis. Shoshone Antidiarrheal. Milkweed Decoction of root taken to stop "bloody diarrhea." Shoshone Dermatological aid. Milkweed Latex applied to remove corns and calluses. . . . . Latex used as an antiseptic and healing agent on sores, cuts, and ringworm. Poultice of mashed root applied to reduce swellings. . . . . . . . Shoshone Venereal aid. Milkweed Latex used as an antiseptic and healing agent on syphilitic sores. Thompson Ind Analgesic. Milkweed Decoction of roots taken for headaches and general debility. Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Milkweed Milky juice from stem used as face cream. . . . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Dietary aid. Milkweed Decoction of root taken for "general out-of-sorts feeling and emaciation." Thompson Ind Poison. Milkweed Root poisonous in large amounts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Tonic. Milkweed Decoction of root taken for "general out-of-sorts feeling and emaciation." Asclepias subulata Asclepiadaceae Pima Cathartic. Milkweed, desert Plant used as a physic and as an emetic. Pima Emetic. Milkweed, desert Plant used as a physic and as an emetic.

Genera

(35:44) (35:44) (35:44) (35:44) (35:44) · (77:32,74) · (88:36,87) (75:667) (79:52) (79:52) (75:668) (23:69) (54:54) (36:14) (91:37) (91:37) (48:42) (81:48) (81:48) (81:48) (81:48) (81:48) (81:48) (81:48) (81:48) (81:48) (81:48) (81:48) (48:42) (71:470) (71:470) (71:513) (71:470) (17:81) (17:81)

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77

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Asclepias

Table 1: Genera - Asclepias subulata Asclepiadaceae Pima Eye medicine. Milkweed, desert Plant used for sore eyes. . . . . . . Pima Gast-intestinal aid. Milkweed, desert Plant used for stomach disorders. Pima Panacea. Milkweed, desert Plant used for many ailments. Pima Poison. Milkweed, desert Plant is poisonous. . . . . . . . Asclepias syriaca Asclepiadaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Milkweed, common Infusion of root taken with root of "virgin's bower" for backache. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Milkweed, common Rubbed on warts to remove them; infusion given for "milksick (mastitis)." Cherokee Kidney aid. Milkweed, common Plant taken as a laxative; also, taken for "gravel" and "dropsy." Cherokee Laxative. Milkweed, common Plant taken as a laxative; also, taken for "gravel" and "dropsy." Cherokee Urinary aid. Milkweed, common Plant taken as a laxative; also, taken for "gravel" and "dropsy." Cherokee Venereal aid. Milkweed, common Infusion of root taken for venereal diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Veterinary aid. Milkweed, common Rubbed on warts to remove them; infusion given for "milksick (mastitis)." Chippewa Gynecological aid. Milkweed, common Cold decoction of root added to food to produce postpartum milk flow. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Milkweed, common Milk used for warts, bee stings and cuts. Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Milkweed, common Infusion of leaves taken as stomach medicine. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Milkweed, common Compound decoction of plants taken to prevent hemorrhage after childbirth. Iroquois Kidney aid. Milkweed, common Compound used for dropsy. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Other. Milkweed, common Compound decoction of roots taken for stricture. Menominee Pulmonary aid. Milkweed, common Buds eaten or decoction of root used for chest discomfort. Ojibwa Gynecological aid. Milkweed, common Root used as a female remedy for unspecified ailment. Potawatomi Other. Milkweed, common Root used for unspecified ailments. . . . . . . . . . . Rappahannock Dermatological aid. Silkweed Milk of fresh plant applied to warts and ringworm. Asclepias tuberosa Asclepiadaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Butterfly weed Used for pains in the breast, stomach, and intestine. Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Butterfly weed Seeds boiled in "new milk" for diarrhea. . . . . . Cherokee Expectorant. Butterfly weed Used as an expectorant; also, taken for pleurisy. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Butterfly weed Infusion used for "bloody flux;" also, infusion of root for heart trouble. Cherokee Heart medicine. Butterfly weed Infusion used for "bloody fiux;" also, infusion of root for heart trouble. Cherokee Laxative. Butterfly weed Seeds or root used as gentle laxative. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Butterfly weed Used as an expectorant; also, taken for pleurisy and inflammation of lungs. Delaware-Okl Antirheumatic - Int. Butterfly weed Root used as a remedy for rheumatism. . . . . . . . . . . Delaware-Okl Gynecological aid. Butterfly weed Drink made from root taken by women after childbirth. Delaware-Okl Pulmonary aid. Butterfly weed Root used as a remedy for pleurisy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Other. Butterfly weed Infusion of roots used as wash for arms, shoulders and body for lifting. Infusion of roots used as wash for running shoes for running. . . . . . . Menominee Dermatological aid. Butterfly weed Simple/compound poultice of pulverized root used on cuts, wounds, & bruises.

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Genera

(17:81) (17:81) (17:81) (17:81) (35:44) (35:44) (35:44) (35:44) (35:44) (35:44) (35:44) (21:360) (37:417) (37:417) (37:417) (37:417) (37:416) (22:130) (63:357) (64:42) (69:32) (35:27) (35:27) (35:27) (35:27) (35:27) (35:27) (35:27) · (77:31,74) · (77:31,74) · (77:31,74) (37:416) (37:416) (61:25)

Asclepias

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Asclepias tuberosa Asc1epiadaceae

Menominee Dermatological aid. Haw (22:132) Poultice of root used or decoction taken for bruises, swellings, or lameness .. Menominee Orthopedic aid. Haw (22:132) Poultice of root used or decoction taken for bruises, swellings, or lameness .. Menominee Tonic. Haw (22:132) Decoction of pounded root taken as a tonic. Mohegan Pulmonary aid. Pleurisy root (78:70,128) Dried root used to make a remedy for pleurisy. Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Haw (84:39) Plant used in ceremonial chant lotion. Navaho-Ramah Misc disease remedy. Haw (84:39) Plant used to treat influenza. Navaho-Ramah Other. Haw (84:39) Decoction or infusion of various plant parts used for dog or coyote bites. Omaha Ceremonial medicine. Butterfly weed (30:109) Ceremony connected with the obtaining and distribution of this prized root. Omaha Dermatological aid. Butterfly weed (30:109) Fresh and dried root used on wounds and sores in several ways. Omaha Pulmonary aid. Butterfly weed (30:109) Raw root eaten for bronchial and pulmonary trouble. Omaha Respiratory aid. Butterfly weed (30:109) Root eaten raw for bronchial and pulmonary trouble. Ponca Pulmonary aid. Butterfly weed (30:109) Root eaten raw for bronchial and pulmonary trouble. Ponca Respiratory aid. Butterfly weed (30:109) Root eaten raw for bronchial and pulmonary trouble. Rappahannock Snake bite remedy. Poison snake plant (69:30) Poultice of bruised leaves bound to snake bites. Asclepias verticillata Asc1epiadaceae Choctaw Diaphoretic. Milkweed (9:287) Root used as a sudorific and as a stimulant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Choctaw Snake bite remedy. Milkweed (9:287) Root chewed, saliva swallowed, and strong decoction taken for snake bite. Choctaw Stimulant. Milkweed (9:287) Root used as a sudorific and as a stimulant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hopi Gynecological aid. (24:18) Infusion of entire plant taken by nursing mother with scanty flow of milk. Navaho Nose medicine. (23:96) Plant used for nose and throat troubles. Navaho Throat aid. Plant used for nose and throat troubles. (23:96) Ascyrum hypericoides Clusiaceae Alabama Antidiarrheal. St. Andrew's Cross Infusion of entire plant taken for dysentery. (79:42) Alabama Eye medicine. St. Andrew's Cross (79:42) Infusion of plant used as an eye wash. Alabama Orthopedic aid. St. Andrew's Cross Decoction of mashed plants used as a bath for children too weak to walk. (79:42) Alabama Pediatric aid. St. Andrew's Cross (79:42) Decoction of mashed plants used as a bath for children too weak to walk. Choctaw Eye medicine. St. Andrew's Cross Infusion of leaves used as a wash for sore eyes. (79:42) Choctaw Gast-intestinal aid. St. Andrew's Cross Decoction of roots taken for colic. . . . . . . . . (79:42) Houma Analgesic. St. Andrew's Cross Decoction of root taken for severe pain, especially in childbirth. (68:55) Houma Febrifuge. St. Andrew's Cross Decoction of scraped roots and bark taken for fever. . . . . . . . (68:55) Houma Gynecological aid. St. Andrew's Cross Decoction of root taken for severe pain, especially in childbirth. (68:55) Houma Toothache remedy. St. Andrew's Cross Bark used to pack aching tooth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (68:55) Natchez Pediatric aid. St. Andrew's Cross Infusion of plant given to children unable to urinate. (79:42) Natchez Urinary aid. St. Andrew's Cross Infusion of plant given to children unable to urinate. (79:42) Ascyrum sp. Clusiaceae Choctaw Analgesic. ASEYRUM CRUX ANDREAE Decoction of root used as a remedy for colic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (8:23)

Genera

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79

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Ascyrum

Table 1: Genera - Ascyrum sp. Clusiaceae

Choctaw Eye medicine. ASEYRUM CRUX ANDREAE Decoction of leaves used as wash for sore eyes. Koasati Antirheumatic - Int. ASCYRUM LINIFOLIUM Decoction or infusion of leaves taken for rheumatism. Natchez Diuretic. St. Andrew's Cross Infusion of plant given to children unable to pass urine. Natchez Pediatric aid. St. Andrew's Cross Infusion of plant given to children unable to pass urine. Asparagus officinalis Liliaceae Cherokee Dietary aid. Asparagus Infusion of plant taken for rickets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Antirheumatic - Ext. Asparagus, garden Compound decoction with roots used as a foot soak for rheumatism. Iroquois Blood medicine. Asparagus, garden Compound decoction with bark taken before meals for the blood. Asplenium rhizophyllum Polypodiaceae Cherokee Breast treatment. Fern, walking Compound used to cure swollen breasts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asplenium sp. Polypodiaceae Bella Coola Eye medicine. ASPLENIUM CYCLOSORUM Fern, lady Simple or compound decoction of root used as a wash for sore eyes. Tlingit Pulmonary aid. Spleenwort Infusion of plant used for chest inflammation due to catarrh. Asplenium trichomanes Polypodiaceae Cherokee Abortifacient. Fern, maiden Taken for irregular menses; also, taken for "liver complaints." . . . . . . . Cherokee Breast treatment. Fern, maiden Infusion taken for coughs; also, for "breast diseases," and "acrid humors." Cherokee Cough medicine. Fern, maiden Infusion taken for coughs; also, for "breast diseases," and "acrid humors." Cherokee Liver aid. Fern, maiden Taken for irregular menses; also, taken for "liver complaints." . . . . . . . Aster arenosus Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Nose medicine. Aster Dried pulverized plant as snuff or cold infusion as drops for "nose trouble." Navaho-Ramah Snake bite remedy. Aster Poultice of chewed leaves applied and infusion taken for snake bite. Navaho-Ramah Toothache remedy. Aster Leaves chewed for toothache. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aster canescens Asteraceae Navaho Nose medicine. Aster, hairy Dried and pulverized plant used as a snuff for nose and throat troubles. Navaho Throat aid. Aster, hairy Dried and pulverized plant used as a snuff for nose and throat troubles. Aster cichoriaceus Asteraceae Hopi Gynecological aid. Aster, blue . Decoction of plant taken by parturient women for any disorder. Hopi Stimulant. Aster, blue Decoction of plant taken as a strong stimulant. . . . . . . . . . . . Aster commutaiJus Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Snake bite remedy. Compound decoction of plant taken and used as lotion for snake bite. . . . . . . . . . . . Aster cusiclct"i Asteraceae Cheyenne Ear medicine. Infusion of dried stems used as drops for earaches. Aster ericoides Asteraceae Fox Diaphoretic. ASTER MULTIFLORUS Aster, many flowered Used in the sweat bath. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fox Stimulant. ASTER MULTIFLORUS Aster, many flowered Used to revive an unconscious patient. . . . . . . Aster exilis Asteraceae Kawaiisu Analgesic. Aster, slender Decoction of roots used as a wash for headaches. Kawaiisu Toothache remedy. Aster, slender Mashed roots applied to the tooth for toothache. Aster foliaceus Asteraceae Okanagan Dietary aid. Aster, blue Decoction of roots taken for loss of appetite. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Okanagan Gast-intestinal aid. Aster, blue Decoction of roots taken for stomach swelling, dyspepsia and indigestion.

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Genera

. (8:23) (79:43) . (75:666) (75:666) (35:24) (37:282) (37:282) . (35:61) (60:48) (43:283) (35:34) (35:34) (35:34) (35:34) (84:48) (84:48) (84:48) (23:82) (23:82) (88:36,94) (88:31,94) . (84:48) (33:187) (62:212) (62:212) (92:14) (92:14) (48:41) (48:41)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Aster

Table 1: Genera - Aster foliaceus Asteraceae Thompson Ind Dietary aid. Aster Decoction of roots used to stimulate appetite. (71:461) Thompson Ind Dietary aid. Aster, blue (48:41) Decoction of roots taken for loss of appetite. Thompson Ind Gast-intestinal aid. Aster (71:461) Decoction of root taken as a remedy for various stomach discomforts. Thompson Ind Gast-intestinal aid. Aster, blue (48:41) Decoction of roots taken for stomach swelling, dyspepsia and indigestion. Thompson Ind Venereal aid. Aster (71:461) Strong decoction of root mixed with salmon oil taken for syphilis. Aster frondosus Asteraceae Paiute Antirheumatic - Ext. Infusion of stems and flowers used as a wash for rheumatism. · (81:48,49) Paiute Blood medicine. Infusion of dried stems taken as a general blood tonic. · (81:48,49) Paiute Tonic. Infusion of dried stems taken as a general blood tonic. · (81:48,49) Aster furcatus Asteraceae Potawatomi Analgesic. Aster, forking Infusion of leaves rubbed on head to cure severe headache. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (64:49,50) Aster hesperius Asteraceae Zuni Dermatological aid. Aster Decoction of plant used to dress arrow or bullet wounds. . . . . . . . (72:43) (72:43) Dried, pulverized plant used for abrasions made by ceremonial mask. Zuni Hemostat. Aster (72:43) Smoke from crushed blossoms inhaled as treatment for nosebleed. Aster laevis Asteraceae Fox Herbal steam. Aster, smooth (62:211,212) Entire plant used to furnish smoke in sweat bath. . . . . . . . . Fox Stimulant. Aster, smooth (62:211,212) Smoke forced into nostrils of unconscious patient to revive him. Aster laterifiorus Asteraceae Fox Diaphoretic. Aster, starved (62:212) Entire plant used as a smoke or steam in sweat bath. . . . . . . . . . Fox Psychological aid. Aster, starved (62:212) Blossoms smudged "to cure a crazy person who has lost his mind." Aster linariifolius Asteraceae Cherokee Analgesic. Hardweed, eyelike (35:24) Roots used as poultice for pain; ooze of roots sniffed for catarrh. Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Hardweed, eyelike (35:24) Infusion taken for fever; infusion of root taken for diarrhea. Cherokee Febrifuge. Hardweed, eyelike (35:24) Infusion taken for fever; infusion of root taken for diarrhea. Cherokee Respiratory aid. Hardweed, eyelike (35:24) Roots used as poultice for pain; ooze of roots sniffed for catarrh. Aster macrophyllus Asteraceae Iroquois Blood medicine. Aster, large leaved (37:462) Roots used as a blood medicine. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Laxative. Aster, large leaved (37:462) Compound decoction of roots taken to loosen the bowels for venereal disease. Iroquois Venereal aid. Aster, large leaved (37:462) Compound decoction of roots taken to loosen the bowels for venereal disease. Ojibwa Analgesic. Aster, large leaved (63:363) Infusion of root used to bathe the head for headache. Ojibwa Hunting medicine. Aster, large leaved Plant used as a charm in hunting. . . . . . . . . . . . . (63:363) Aster nemoralis Asteraceae Chippewa Ear medicine. Aster Decoction of root used as drops or on a compress for sore ear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (21:360) Aster novae-angliae Asteraceae Cherokee Analgesic. Aster, large blue (35:24) Roots used as poultice for pain; ooze of roots sniffed for catarrh. Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Aster, large blue Infusion taken for fever; infusion of root taken for diarrhea. (35:24) Cherokee Febrifuge. Aster, large blue (35:24) Infusion taken for fever; infusion of root taken for diarrhea. Cherokee Respiratory aid. Aster, large blue Roots used as poultice for pain; ooze of roots sniffed for catarrh. (35:24) Fox Stimulant. Aster, New England Smudged and used to revive an unconscious patient. . . . . . . . (62:212)

Genera

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81

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Aster

Table 1: Genera - Aster novae-angliae Asteraceae Iroquois Dermatological aid. Aster, New England Decoction of plants used for weak skin. No application indicated. (37:463) Iroquois Febrifuge. Aster, New England (37:463) Decoction of roots and leaves taken for all kinds of fevers. . . . . . Iroquois Love medicine. Aster, New England Plant used as a love medicine. No preparation or application indicated. (37:462) Potawatomi Stimulant. Aster, New England (64:50) Plant used as a fumigating reviver by the Prairie Potawatomi. Aster oblongifolius Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Witchcraft medicine. Decoction used as lotion for protection from witches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:48) Aster parvulus Asteraceae Navaho Cathartic. ASTER PARVIFLORUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (38:148) Plant used as a purgative. Aster praea1tus Asteraceae Fox Stimulant. ASTER SALIOIFOLIUS Aster, willow leaved Used to revive an unconscious patient. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (62:212) Aster prenanthoides Asteraceae Iroquois Cold remedy. Aster, crooked stemmed (37:463) Compound decoction of roots taken for the kidneys or colds. Iroquois Febrifuge. Aster, crooked stemmed (37:463) Decoction of roots given to babies with fevers. . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Kidney aid. Aster, crooked stemmed (37:463) Compound decoction of roots taken for the kidneys or colds. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Aster, crooked stemmed Decoction of roots given to babies with fevers. . . . . . . . . . (37:463) Aster puniceus Asteraceae Iroquois Cold remedy. Aster, purple stemmed (37:463) Infusion of roots taken for fevers, colds, typhoid, and pneumonia. Iroquois Febrifuge. Aster, purple stemmed (37:463) Infusion of roots taken for fevers, colds, typhoid, and pneumonia. Iroquois Misc disease remedy. Aster, purple stemmed Infusion of roots taken for fevers, colds, typhoid, and pneumonia. (37:463) Iroquois Pulmonary aid. Aster, purple stemmed Infusion of roots taken for fevers, colds, typhoid, and pneumonia. (37:463) Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Aster, purple stemmed Infusion of roots taken for consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:463) Aster shortii Asteraceae Potawatomi Unspecified. Aster, Short's Infusion of flowering tops used for unspecified ailments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (64:50) Aster sp. Asteraceae Hopi Nose medicine. ASTER LEU CELENE Aster, white Infusion of root used to "aid a sore nose." . . (88:34,95) Hopi Panacea. ASTER LEU CELENE Aster, white Root used as a universal panacea. . . . . . . (88:95) Hopi Pediatric aid. ASTER LEU CELENE Aster, white Infusion of herb used to "quiet the baby." . (88:95) Hopi Sedative. ASTER LEU CELENE Aster, white . (88:36,95) Infusion of root used to "quiet the baby." Hopi Stimulant. ASTER LEU CELENE Aster Plant used as a stimulant. . ....... . (88:31) Iroquois Blood medicine. (37:462) Compound decoction of plants and roots taken as a blood remedy. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Compound decoction of leaves and roots taken for leucorrhea (sick womb). (37:462) Iroquois Hunting medicine. (37:462) Plant used as a "hunting medicine." No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Love medicine. Plant used as a love medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:462) Navaho Dermatological aid. MACHAERANTHERA ALTA Aster, purple Plant used as a rub on pimples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (23:88) Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. ASTER COERULESCENS Decoction used ceremonially to treat snake bite. . . . . . (84:48) Navaho-Ramah Eye medicine. ASTER FENDLER! Cold infusion of whole plant used as ceremonial eyewash. (84:48) Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. ASTER FENDLER! Cold infusion of whole plant used for stomachache. (84:48) Navaho-Ramah Hunting medicine. ASTER COERULESCENS Dried leaves smoked for good luck in hunting. (84:48)

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Genera

Aster

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera -Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Other. ASTER FENDLERI Cold infusion of whole plant used for internal injury. Navaho-Ramah Snake bite remedy. ASTER COERULESCENS Decoction used ceremonially to treat snake bite. ... Paiute Throat aid. ASTER SCOPULORUM Aster, dwarf Poultice of mashed leaves applied to swollen jaw or neck glands. Pawnee Unspecified. Aster, prairie Burned stems used as moxa over affected part. . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Analgesic. ASTER SCOPULORUM Aster, dwarf Decoction of fresh or dried leaves taken for headaches. . . . . . . Shoshone Blood medicine. ASTER LEUCANTHEMIFOLIUS Aster, September Decoction of whole plant taken as a blood tonic. . ....... . Shoshone Cathartic. ASTER LEUCANTHEMIFOLIUS Aster, September Warm infusion of plant tops taken as a physic. . . . , . Shoshone Eye medicine. ASTER SCOPULORUM Aster, dwarf Infusion of scraped roots used as an eyewash. Shoshone Tonic. ASTER LEUCANTHEMIFOLIUS Aster, September Decoction of whole plant taken as a blood tonic. Shuswap Analgesic. Decoction of leaves and roots used as a wash for pain. Aster tanacetifolius Asteraceae Hopi Gynecological aid. Aster, blue Decoction of plant taken by parturient women for any disorder. Hopi Stimulant. Aster, blue Decoction of plant taken as a strong stimulant. Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Decoction of whole plant taken for stomachache. Navaho-Ramah Respiratory aid. Dried root used as snuff to cause sneezing, relieving congested nose. Aster umbellatus Asteraceae Mohegan Gast-intestinal aid. Indian tea Infusion of leaves said to be good for the stomach. Potawatomi Witchcraft medicine. Aster, umbelled Flowers smudged to repel evil spirits from sickroom. Astragalus allochrous Fabaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Locoweed Leaves used as ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Locoweed Leaves used as ceremonial emetic. Astragalus calycosus Fabaceae Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. ASTRAGALUS SCAPOSUS Plant used as lotion and poultice applied to injuries from hailstones. Navaho-Kayenta Other. ASTRAGALUS SCAPOSUS Plant used as a lotion for illness from exposure. . . . . . . . . . . Plant used as lotion and poultice applied to injuries from water. Shoshone Venereal aid. ASTRAGALUS SCOPOSUS Locoweed Decoction of scraped roots taken for venereal disease. Astragalus canadensis Fabaceae Dakota Febrifuge. ASTRAGALUS CAROLINIANA Rattle pod, little Decoction of root used as a febrifuge for children. Dakota Febrifuge. Infusion of roots given to children with fevers. Dakota Pediatric aid. ASTRAGALUS CAROLINIANA Rattle pod, little Decoction of root used as a febrifuge for children. Dakota Pediatric aid. Infusion of roots given to children with fevers. Astragalus caryocarpus Fabaceae Chippewa Anticonvulsive. ASTRAGALUS CRASSICARPUS Ground plum Compound decoction of root taken for convulsions. . . . . . . Compound infusion or decoction of root taken to cure "fits." Chippewa Hemostat. ASTRAGALUS CRASSICA.RPUS Ground plum Compound decoction of root used on wounds to stop bleeding. Compound infusion or decoction of root used on wounds to stop bleeding. Chippewa Stimulant. ASTRAGALUS CRASSICARPUS Ground plum Compound decoction of root taken as a stimulant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Compound infusion or decoction of root taken or used externally as stimulant. Chippewa Tonic. ASTRAGALUS CRASSICARPUS Ground plum Compound decoction of root taken as a tonic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aster sp.

Genera

(84:48) (84:48) (81:49) (30:133) (81:49) (81:49) (81:49) (81:49) (81:49) (47:59) · (88:36,94) · (88:31,94) (84:49) (84:49) (78:70,128) ..

(64:50)

· (84:31,32) · (84:31,32) (91:27) (91:27) (91:27) (81:49) (30:91) (29:365) (30:91) (29:365) · . (21:336) · (19:63,64) · . (21:336) · (19:63,64) · . (21:364) · (19:63,64) · . (21:364)

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83

Astragalus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Astragalus haydenianus Fabaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Milkvetch (84:32) Fruit used as ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Milkvetch Fruit used as ceremonial emetic. (84:32) Navaho-Ramah Eye medicine. Milkvetch (84:32) Infusion of plant used as an eyewash. Navaho-Ramah Toothache remedy. Milkvetch Poultice of chewed leaves applied for toothache. (84:32) Astragalus humistrotus Fabaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. ASTRAGALUS SONORAE (84:32) Plant used as a ceremonial chant lotion. . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. ASTRAGALUS SONORAE (84:32) Dried plant used as dusting powder for sores. Navaho-Ramah Other. ASTRAGALUS SONORAE Leaves or whole plant used as "life medicine." (84:32) Astragalus kentrophyta Fabaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. ASTRAGALUS IMPENSUS Milkvetch, woody (84:32) Cold infusion of whole plant used as a ceremonial chant lotion. Navaho-Ramah Other. ASTRAGALUS IMPENSUS Milkvetch, woody (84:32) Root used as "life medicine." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Astragalus lentigirwBUB Fabaceae Navaho-Kayenta Other. ASTRAGALUS PALANS (91:27) Plant used as a charm in some prayers. Astragalus lonchocarpus Fabaceae Navaho-Kayenta Emetic. (91:27) Plant used as an emetic . . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Other. (91:27) Poultice of plant applied to goiter. Astragalus mathewsii Fabaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Milkvetch, woolly (84:32) Leaves used as ceremonial emetic . . . . Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Milkvetch, woolly (84:32) Leaves used as ceremonial emetic. Astragalus pachypus Fabaceae Kawaiisu Analgesic. Locoweed (92:14) Decoction of roots taken for menstrual pains. Kawaiisu Gynecological aid. Locoweed (92:14) Decoction of roots taken for menstrual pains. Astragalus patteTsonii Fabaceae Navaho-Kayenta Ear medicine. (91:27) Plant used for mumps or any disease of the throat, eyes or ears. Navaho-Kayenta Emetic. (91:27) Plant used as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... Navaho-Kayenta Eye medicine. (91:27) Plant used for mumps or any disease of the throat, eyes or ears. Navaho-Kayenta Misc disease remedy. (91:27) Plant used for mumps or any disease of the throat, eyes or ears. Navaho-Kayenta Other. (91:27) Plant used for sore throats or swollen neck. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Throat aid. (91:27) Plant· used for mumps or any disease of the throat, eyes or ears. Astragalus praelongus Fabaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. (84:32) Leaves used as ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Leaves used as ceremonial emetic. (84:32) Astragalus pUTshii Fabaceae Kawaiisu Analgesic. Woolly pod Decoction of roots taken for menstrual pains. (92:15) Kawaiisu Gynecological aid. Woolly pod Decoction of roots taken for menstrual pains. (92:15) Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Locoweed (71:473,474) Decoction of whole plant used as a wash for the head, hair, and whole body. Thompson Ind Disinfectant. Decoction of roots taken and poured on head in sweathouse for purification. . (71:504) Thompson Ind Hunting medicine. Locoweed . (71:507) Decoction of plant poured onto hunting equipment which has "lost its luck." Astragalus sesquiflorus Fabaceae Navaho-Kayenta Ceremonial medicine. Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (91:28)

84

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Genera

Astragalus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera -Astragalus sesquijlorus Fabaceae

Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Plant used as lotion and poultice of plant applied to ringworm. (91:28) Navaho-Kayenta Emetic. (91:28) Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Astragalus sp. Fabaceae Cheyenne Poison. Locoweed (36:28) Plant poisonous to horses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cheyenne Veterinary aid. Locoweed (36:28) Plant applied as an ointment for animals with urination troubles. Gosiute Veterinary aid. ASTRAGALUS JUNCEUS Rattle weed (14:363) Plant used as a horse medicine. Hopi Ceremonial medicine. (88:80) Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Hopi Emetic. (88:80) Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Keresan Veterinary aid. Locoweed (87:562) Plant makes horses crazy or kills them, if eaten. Mahuna Poison. ASTRAGALUS MOLLISSIMUS Locoweed, American (55:36) Plant is poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho Misc disease remedy. KENTROPHYTA MONTANA Spur plant (23:56) Plant used for rabies. Navaho Poison. Locoweed (23:55) Plant is poisonous. Navaho-Kayenta Gast-intestinal aid. (91:27) Plant used for stomach disorders. Navaho-Kayenta Orthopedic aid. (91:27) Poultice of crushed leaves applied to lame back. Navaho-Kayenta Throat aid. (91:27) Plant used as a gargle for sore throats. . Shoshone Dermatological aid. Locoweed (81:50) Infusion of root used as a wash for sores. Shoshone Eye medicine. Locoweed (81:50) Infusion or decoction of root used as a wash for granulated eyelids. Shoshone Toothache remedy. Locoweed (81:50) Decoction of root used as a wash for toothaches. . . . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Locoweed (71:473,474) Decoction of whole plant used as a wash for the head, hair, and whole body. Astragalus striatus Fabaceae Cheyenne Dermatological aid. ASTRAGALUS NITIDUS (32:40) Ground leaf and stem sprinkled on skin in cases of poison ivy. (33:179) Ground leaves and stems applied to skin affected by poison ivy. Athyrium filix-femina Polypodiaceae Chippewa Diuretic. ATHYRIUM FILIX-FOEMINA Fern, lady (21:348) Compound decoction of root taken for "stoppage of urine." Cowlitz Analgesic. Fern, lady (34:14) Infusion of stems taken for body pains. . . . . . . . . . . . . Fox Analgesic. ASPLENIUM FILIX-FEMINA Fern, lady (62:237) Decoction of root taken to cure pains in woman's bosom caused by childbirth. Fox Gynecological aid. ASPLENIUM FILIX-FEMINA Fern, lady (62:237) Decoction of root taken to cure pains in woman's bosom caused by childbirth. Makah Gynecological aid. Fern, lady (34:14) Decoction of pounded stems taken by women to ease labor. .. Ojibwa Dermatological aid. ASPLENIUM FILIS-FEMINA Fern, female (63:381) Grated dried root used as healing powder for sores. . . . . . . . Ojibwa Gynecological aid. ASPLENIUM FILIX-FEMINA Fern, female (63:381) Infusion of root induces milk flow in patients with caked breast. Potawatomi Gynecological aid. ASPLENIUM FILIX-FEMINA Fern, lady (64:73) Infusion of root taken to relieve caked breasts and other female disorders. Atriplex argentea Chenopodiaceae Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Tumbleweed, silver (84:24) Poultice of leaves applied to spider bites, and leaves as fumigant for pain. Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Tumbleweed, silver (84:24) Poultice of leaves applied to spider bites, and leaves as fumigant for pain. Navaho-Ramah Disinfectant. Tumbleweed, silver (84:24) Cold infusion to cure sickness from drinking bad water and to purify water. Navaho-Ramah Other. Tumbleweed, silver (84:24) Cold infusion to cure sickness from drinking bad water and to purify water. Atriplex canescens Chenopodiaceae Hopi Ceremonial medicine. Plant used for kiva fires. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (24:21)

Genera

•

85

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Atriplex

Table 1: Genera - Atriplex canescens Chenopodiaceae Navaho Dermatological aid. Saltbush (38:148) Plant used for ant bites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Emetic. (91:20) Plant used for stomach disease or as an emetic. Navaho-Kayenta Gast-intestinal aid. (91:20) Plant used for stomach disease or as an emetic. Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Chamiso (84:24) Decoction of tops or roots taken as emetic for gastric pain. Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Chamiso (84:24) Whole plant used as ceremonial emetic. . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Cough medicine. Chamiso (84:24) Decoction of leaves or roots taken for bad cough. Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Chamiso (84:24) Poultice of leaves applied to ant bites. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Chamiso (84:24) Whole plant used as ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Chamiso (84:24) Decoction of tops or roots taken as emetic for gastric pain. Navaho-Ramah Nose medicine. Chamiso (84:24) Leaves used as snuff for nose trouble. ... . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Toothache remedy. Chamiso (84:24) Poultice of warm, pulverized root applied for toothache. Navaho-Ramah Veterinary aid. Chamiso (84:24) Compound decoction given to sheep for bloating from overeating. Shoshone Cathartic. Saltbush (81:50) Decoction of fresh roots with salt taken as a physic. . . . . . . . . Zuni Dermatological aid. Saltbush (72:44) Infusion of dried root & blossoms or poultice of blossoms used for ant bites. Atriplex confeTti/olia Chenopodiaceae Navaho Veterinary aid. Salt weed (38:149) Plant is rubbed on horses to repel gnats. Atriplex lenti/ormis Chenopodiaceae Pima Dermatological aid. Quailbush (17:66) Poultice of powdered roots applied to sores. Pima Dermatological aid. (56:80) Poultice of powdered root applied to sores. Atriplex sp. Chenopodiaceae Navaho Dermatological aid. Saltbush Poultice of chewed plants applied to ant, bee and wasp sting swellings. . . . . . . . . . . . . (23:43) Baccharis douglasii Asteraceae Costanoan Dermatological aid. (5:26) Decoction of plant used as a wash for wounds. . . . . . . . . (5:26) Dried, powdered stems applied to wounds as a disinfectant. (5:26) Poultice of heated leaves and animal fat applied to boils. Costanoan Disinfectant. (5:26) Dried, powdered stems applied to wounds as a disinfectant. Costanoan Kidney aid. (5:26) Infusion of plant taken for kidney ailments. . . . . . . . . Luisenos Dermatological aid. (65:228) Decoction of leaves used as a bath for sores and wounds. Baccharis glutinosa Asteraceae Coahuilla Eye mediCine. . (2:78) Infusion of leaves used as an eye wash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Febrifuge. (91:45) Compound infusion of plants used as a lotion for chills from immersion. Baccharis pilularis Asteraceae Costanoan Panacea. (5:26) Infusion of plant used as a general remedy. Baccharis viminea Asteraceae Costanoan Dermatological aid. Infusion of leaves & twigs used as wash for scalp & hair to encourage growth. . . . . . . . . . (5:26) Baccharis turightii Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. (84:49) Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. (84:49) Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Venereal aid. (84:49) Strong decoction of plant taken in large amounts for sexual infection.

86

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Genera

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Bahia

Table 1: Genera - Bahia dissecta Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Compound decoction taken for menstrual pain. Navaho-Ramah Antirheumatic - Int. Compound decoction of plant taken for arthritis. Navaho-Ramah Contraceptive. Compound decoction of plant taken as contraceptive and for menstrual pain. Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. Compound decoction of plant taken as contraceptive and for menstrual pain. Zuni Analgesic. VILLANOVA DISSECTA Powdered plant rubbed on affected parts for rheumatism and headache. Zuni Antirheumatic - Ext. VILLANOVA DISSECTA Powdered plant rubbed on affected parts for rheumatism and headache. Bahia neomexicana Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Oral aid. Plant chewed ten minutes for sores in mouth. Bahia oppositifolia Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Poultice of chewed leaves applied to red ant bites. Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Cold infusion of leaves taken after swallowing a red ant. Navaho-Ramah Herbal steam. Steam from compound containing plant used medicinally; illness unspecified. Navaho-Ramah Other. Plant used as "life medicine." Bahia woodhousei Asteraceae Zuni Emetic. Infusion of whole plant taken for "sick stomach;" vomiting ensues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Balsamorhiza deltoidea Asteraceae Kawaiisu Cold remedy. Balsam root Decoction of split roots taken for coughing and colds. Kawaiisu Cough medicine. Balsam root Decoction of split roots taken for coughing and colds. Balsamorhiza incana Asteraceae Cheyenne Analgesic. Infusion of leaves, roots and stems taken for stomach pains and headaches. Cheyenne Cold remedy. Plant used for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cheyenne Gast-intestinal aid. Infusion of leaves, roots and stems taken for stomach pains. Balsamorhiza sagittata Asteraceae Cheyenne Analgesic. BALSAMORRHIZA SAGITTATA Decoction of leaves, roots, and stems taken for pains in the stomach. Steam of decoction of plant inhaled for headache; also, used as wash on head. Cheyenne Analgesic. Infusion of leaves, roots and stems taken for stomach pains and headaches. Cheyenne Cold remedy. Plant used for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cheyenne Febrifuge. BALSAMORRHIZA SAGITTATA Infusion of root taken for fever. . . . . . . . . Cheyenne Gast-intestinal aid. BALSAMORRHIZA SAGITTATA Decoction of leaves, roots, and stems taken for stomach pain. Cheyenne Gast-intestinal aid. Infusion of leaves, roots and stems taken for stomach pains and headaches. Cheyenne Gynecological aid. BALSAMORRHIZA SAGITTATA Decoction of root taken when labor begins, to insure easy delivery. Cheyenne Oral aid. BALSAMORRHIZA SAGITTATA · Root chewed and saliva allowed to run down throat for sore mouth and throat. Cheyenne Panacea. BALSAMORRHIZA SAGITTATA Root chewed and rubbed over the body to treat any sickness. . . . . . . . · Cheyenne Throat aid. BALSAMORRHIZA SAGITTATA Root chewed and saliva allowed to run down throat to relieve sore throat. Cheyenne Toothache remedy. BALSAMORRHIZA SAGITTATA Root chewed to relieve toothache. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gosiute Dermatological aid. BALSAMORRHIZA SAGITTATA Arrowroot Chewed roots or pounded root salve applied to fresh wounds. Poultice of pounded or chewed root paste applied to arrow or gunshot wounds. Gosiute Hemostat. BALSAMORRHIZA SAGITTATA Arrowroot Poultice of plant applied to arrow or gunshot wound hemorrhages. Paiute Analgesic. Balsam root, arrow leaved Decoction of root taken for stomachaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Genera

•

(84:49) (84:49) (84:49) (84:49) (72:62) (72:62) (84:49) (84:49) (84:49) (84:49) (84:49) .

(72:44) (92:15) (92: 15) (33:189) (33:189) (33:189)

(32:38,39) (32:38) (33:189) (33:189) (32:38) (32:38) (33:189) (32:38) (32:38,39) (32:38,39) (32:38) (32:38) (14:363) (14:348) (14:348) (81:50,51)

87

Balsamorhiza

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Balsamorhiza sagittata Asteraceae

Paiute Dermatological aid. Balsam root, arrow leaved Poultice of mashed root applied to insect bites or swellings. · (81:50,51) Powdered dried root applied to syphilitic sores. · (81:50,51) Paiute Disinfectant. Balsam root, arrow leaved Root burned as a fumigant in the sickroom. · (81:50,51) Paiute Gast-intestinal aid. Balsam root, arrow leaved · (81:50,51) Decoction of root taken for stomachaches. . . . . . Paiute Tuberculosis remedy. Balsam root, arrow leaved Root sap taken to cure consumption. . . . . . . . . . · (81:50,51) Paiute Venereal aid. Balsam root, arrow leaved Decoction of root taken over a long period of time for venereal disease. · (81:50,51) Poultice of dry, powdered root applied to syphilitic sores. . . . . . . . . · (81:50,51) Sanpoil Analgesic. Balsam root, arrow leaved (51:219) Poultice of root prepared various ways applied to bruised or painful areas. Sanpoil Dermatological aid. Balsam root, arrow leaved (51:219) Infusion of root rubbed into hair and scalp to help hair grow. . . . . . . . (51:219) Poultice of root prepared various ways applied to bruised or painful areas. (51:219) Pulverized root sprinkled on sores and boils. . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Dermatological aid. Balsam root, arrow leaved Poultice of mashed root applied to insect bites or swellings. · (81:50,51) Poultice of mashed root applied to syphilitic sores. · (81:50,51) Shoshone Eye medicine. Balsam root, arrow leaved Decoction of root used as an eyewash. . . . . . . . . · (81:50,51) Shoshone Venereal aid. Balsam root, arrow leaved Poultice of mashed root applied to syphilitic sores. · (81:50,51) Shuswap Dermatological aid. Balsam root (47:59) Infusion of leaves used as a wash for poison ivy and running sores. Thompson Ind Dietary aid. Balsam root (71:493) Root sucked and chewed to relieve hunger. Washoe Disinfectant. Balsam root, arrow leaved Root burned as a fumigant in the sickroom. · (81:50,51) Balsamorhiza sp. Asteraceae Paiute Gast-intestinal aid. BALSAMORHIZA HIRSUTA Balsam root (81:50) Decoction of root considered good for severe stomach or bladder troubles. Paiute Urinary aid. BALSAMORHIZA HIRSUTA Balsam root (81:50) Decoction of root considered good for severe stomach or bladder troubles. Washoe Gynecological aid. BALSAMORHIZA HIRSUTA Balsam root (81:50) Decoction of root taken for female complaints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Baptisia australis Fabaceae Cherokee Antiemetic. Indigo, blue false (35:40) Used as an emetic and a purgative; also, cold infusion used to stop vomiting. Cherokee Cathartic. Indigo, blue false (35:40) Used as an emetic and a purgative; also, cold infusion used to stop vomiting. Cherokee Emetic. Indigo, blue false (35:40) Used as an emetic and a purgative; also, cold infusion used to stop vomiting. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Indigo, blue false (35:40) Poultice used "to allay inflammation and stop mortification." Cherokee Toothache remedy. Indigo, blue false (35:40) Hot infusion of root, or beaten root, held against tooth for toothache. Baptisia leucantha Fabaceae Choctaw Dermatological aid. Indigo, prairie (79:31) Poultice of roots and leaves applied to swellings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fox Dermatological aid. Indigo, false (62:228) Root used to cure old sores; also, compound used on knife or axe wounds. Fox Hemorrhoid remedy. Indigo, false (62:228) Compound containing root used to treat piles. Fox Kidney aid. Indigo, false (62:228) Compound infusion taken for dropsy. . . Fox Respiratory aid. Indigo, false (62:228) Decoction of root used to treat catarrh. Fox Snake bite remedy. Indigo, false Compound containing root used for rattlesnake bite. (62:228) Koasati Antirheumatic - Int. Indigo, prairie Decoction of roots taken for rheumatism. (79:31) Baptisia leucophaea Fabaceae Pawnee Gast-intestinal aid. BAPTISIA BRACTEATA Rattle pod, black Pulverized seeds mixed with buffalo fat applied to abdomen for colic. . . . . . . . . . . . . (30:90) Baptisia sp. Fabaceae Creek Pediatric aid. Black weed Decoction of root used as wash and given to drowsy and lifeless children. . . . . . . . . . . (75:658)

88

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Genera

Baptisia

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Baptisia sp. Fabaceae

Creek Pediatric aid. Indigo, wild Decoction of roots used as a bath and given to drowsy and listless children. (79:30) Creek Stimulant. Black weed (75:658) Decoction of root used as a wash and given to drowsy and lifeless children. Creek Stimulant. Indigo, wild (79:30) Decoction of roots used as a bath and given to drowsy and listless children. Baptisia tinctoria Fabaceae Cherokee Antiemetic. Indigo, wild (35:40) Used as an emetic and a purgative; also, cold infusion used to stop vomiting. Cherokee Cathartic. Indigo, wild (35:40) Used as an emetic and a purgative; also, cold infusion used to stop vomiting. Cherokee Emetic. Indigo, wild (35:40) Used as an emetic and a purgative; also, cold infusion used to stop vomiting. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Indigo, wild (35:40) Poultice used "to allay inflammation and stop mortification." Cherokee Toothache remedy. Indigo, wild (35:40) Hot infusion of root, or beaten root, held against tooth for toothache. Delaware-Okl Dermatological aid. Indigo, false · (77:31,74) Infusion of root used as a wash to clean cuts and ulcers. Delaware-Okl Gynecological aid. Indigo, false (77:31) Infusion of root used as a douche. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Antirheumatic - Int. Indigo, wild (37:363) Compound used for rheumatism. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Indigo, wild (37:363) Decoction of roots rubbed on for cramps in the arms, legs and stomach. Iroquois Liver aid. Indigo, wild (37:363) Infusion of plant taken to concentrate bile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Indigo, wild (37:363) Decoction of roots rubbed on for cramps in the arms, legs and stomach. Micmac Antihemorrhagic. Black root (15:55) Root used to treat person spitting blood. . . . . . . . . . . . Micmac Kidney aid. Black root (15:55) Root used to treat gonorrhea; also, used for kidney trouble. Micmac Venereal aid. Black root (15:55) Root used to treat gonorrhea; also, used for kidney trouble. Mohegan Dermatological aid. Indigo, wild (76:266) Infusion of plant used as wash for cuts and wounds. (78:70,128) Infusion of root used as a healing lotion for cuts or bruises. Nanticoke Orthopedic aid. Indigo, false Compound containing plant used as a lotion on sprains. · (77:56,84) Ojibwa Unspecified. Indigo, wild (52:235) Plant used for medicinal purposes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Penobscot Antihemorrhagic. Black root (66:311) Compound infusion of plant taken as a tonic and for "spitting up blood." Penobscot Kidney aid. Black root (66:311) Compound infusion of plant taken for gonorrhea and kidney trouble. . .. Penobscot Tonic. Black root (66:311) Compound infusion of plant taken as a tonic and for "spitting up blood." Penobscot Venereal aid. Black root (66:311) Compound infusion of plant taken for gonorrhea and kidney trouble. Barbarea vulgaris Brassicaceae Cherokee Blood medicine. Creases (35:31) Cooked salad eaten to purify blood. . . . . . . . . . . . Mohegan Cough medicine. Indian posey (11:118) Infusion of leaves taken every half hour to cure coughs. Shinnecock Cough medicine. Indian posey (11:118) Infusion of leaves taken every half hour to cure coughs. Bellis perennis Asteraceae Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Daisy, English Decoction of plant clusters taken for bad stomach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:461) Berberis aquifolium Berberidaceae Blackfeet Gast-intestinal aid. Oregon grape (45:275) Decoction of root used for stomach trouble or for hemorrhages. Blackfeet Other. Oregon grape (45:275) Decoction of root used for stomach trouble or for hemorrhages. Karok Misc disease remedy. Mountain grape (58:383) Leaves and roots used as a steam bath for "yellow fever." Karok Panacea. Mountain grape (58:383) Decoction of roots taken as a good medicine for all kinds of sickness.

Genera

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89

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Berberis

Table 1: Genera -Berberis aquifolium Berberidaceae Karok Poison. Mountain grape Plant is poisonous. . . . . . . . .. Sarnish Tonic. Oregon grape, tall bush Infusion of roots taken as a general tonic. Sanpoil Antiemetic. Holly, western Decoction of tips of stems taken to stop vomiting. Sanpoil Eye medicine. Holly, western Infusion of root parts used as a wash for the eyes. Sanpoil Gast-intestinal aid. Holly, western Decoction of tips of stems taken "to relieve a disturbed stomach." Sanpoil Tuberculosis remedy. Holly, western Decoction of roots used to treat tuberculosis. Squaxin Blood medicine. Oregon grape, tall bush Infusion of roots taken to purify the blood. Squaxin Throat aid. Oregon grape, tall bush Infusion of roots used as gargle for sore throats. Swinomish Tonic. Oregon grape, tall bush Infusion of roots taken as a general tonic. Berberis canadensis Berberidaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Pepper, bush Infusion of scraped bark taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Berberis dictyota Berberidaceae Kawaiisu Venereal aid. Barberry Decoction of roots taken for gonorrhea. Berberis fremontii Berberidaceae Apache Ceremonial medicine. Barberry · Plant used for ceremonial purposes. . ..... . Hopi Oral aid. ODOSTEMON FREMONTII Holly grape · Plant used to heal gums. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Berberis nervosa Berberidaceae Skagit Venereal aid. Decoction of roots taken for venereal disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Berberis repens Berberidaceae Cheyenne Unspecified. Barberry, showy Fruit used in medicinal preparations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mendocino Ind Blood medicine. Oregon grape Decoction of root bark taken for stomach troubles and as a blood purifier. Mendocino Ind Gast-intestinal aid. Oregon grape Decoction of root bark taken for stomach troubles and as a blood purifier. Navaho Antirheumatic - Int. Cockerell Decoction of leaves and twigs taken for rheumatic stiffness. Navaho-Kayenta Panacea. Infusion of plant taken and poultice of plant applied as a cure-all. Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Oregon grape Whole plant used as ceremonial emetic. . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Oregon grape Cold infusion of plant used as a lotion on scorpion bites. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Oregon grape Whole plant used as ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Laxative. Oregon grape Decoction of root used for constipation. Paiute Antidiarrheal. Barberry Decoction of root taken to prevent or stop bloody dysentery. · Paiute Blood medicine. Barberry Decoction of root taken as a blood tonic or purifier. · Decoction of root taken to "thicken the blood of haemophilic persons." · Paiute Cough medicine. Barberry Decoction of root, sometimes with whiskey added, taken for coughs. · Paiute Gast-intestinal aid. Barberry Decoction of stems taken as a tonic for stomach troubles. · Paiute Urinary aid. Barberry Decoction of root taken for bladder difficulties. · Paiute Venereal aid. Barberry Decoction of roots taken for venereal diseases. · Paiute Venereal aid. Decoction of roots taken for venereal disease. . · Shoshone Analgesic. Barberry Decoction of leaves taken or root used for general aches or rheumatic pains. · Shoshone Antidiarrheal. Barberry Decoction of root taken to prevent or stop bloody dysentery. . . . . . . . . . ·

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Genera

(58:383) (34:30) (51:219) (51:219) (51:219) (51:219) (34:30) (34:30) (34:30) .

(35:48) (92:15)

. (53:155) (88:33,76) .

(34:30) (36:15) (16:348) (16:348) (23:48) (91:23) (84:28) (84:28) (84:28) (84:28)

(81:51,52) (81:51,52) (81:51,52) (81:51,52) (81:51,52) (81:51,52) (81:51,52) . (42:198) (81:51,52) (81:51,52)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Berberis

Table 1: Genera - Berberis repens Berberidaceae

Shoshone Antirheumatic - Int. Barberry Decoction of roots or leaves taken for general aches or rheumatic pains. Shoshone Blood medicine. Barberry Infusion or decoction of root taken as a blood tonic or purifier. Shoshone Cough medicine. Barberry Decoction of root, sometimes with whiskey added, taken for coughs. Shoshone Kidney aid. Barberry Decoction of root taken as a kidney medicine. Shoshone Venereal aid. Barberry Decoction of roots taken for venereal diseases. Shuswap Blood medicine. Oregon grape Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a blood tonic. Berberis sp. Berberidaceae Cowlitz Dermatological aid. Oregon grape Infusion of bark used as a wash for sores on the skin and in the mouth. Cowlitz Oral aid. Oregon grape Infusion of bark used as a wash for sores on the skin and in the mouth. Quinault Cough medicine. Oregon grape Decoction of roots taken for coughs and stomach disorders. Quinault Gast-intestinal aid. Oregon grape Decoction of roots taken for coughs and stomach disorders. Berberis '/lUlgaris Berberidaceae Micmac Oral aid. Barberry Bark and root used to treat ulcerated gums; also, used to treat sore throat. Micmac Throat aid. Barberry Bark and root used to treat ulcerated gums; also, used to treat sore throat. Mohegan Febrifuge. Barberry Cold compound decoction of berries taken for fever. Juice of berries mixed with water used to reduce fever. Mohegan Throat aid. Barberry Berries used to treat sore throat and fever. . . . . . . . Penobscot Oral aid. Barberry Poultice of pounded root or bark applied to ulcerated gums. Penobscot Throat aid. Barberry Pounded root or bark used to treat sore throat. . . . . . . . Shinnecock Liver aid. Barberry Decoction of leaves taken three times a day as a cure for jaundice. Berchemia scandens Rhamnaceae Choctaw Blood medicine. Supple jack Plant used for the blood. Houma Gynecological aid. Black jack Decoction of leaf and bark taken to treat "impotency in male or female." Houma Reproductive aid. Black jack Decoction of leaves and bark taken to treat impotency in male or female. Koasati Cough medicine. Supple jack Cold infusion of burned stems taken as a cough medicine. . . . . . . . . . . Benda pusilla Apiaceae Apache Unspecified. BERULA ERECTA Parsnip, water Leaves and blossoms used for medicinal purposes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zuni Antirheumatic - Ext. BERULA ERECTA Parsnip, water Ingredient in "schumaakwe cakes," used externally for rheumatism & swelling. Zuni Dermatological aid. BERULA ERECTA Parsnip, water Ingredient in "schumaakwe cakes," used externally for rheumatism & swelling. Besseya plantaginea Scrophulariaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Plant used as ceremonial emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Dried root or leaf as dusting powder on skin sores or infant's sore navel. Navaho-Ramah Diuretic. Cold infusion of plant taken by hunters for anuria. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Plant used as ceremonial emetic. . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Hunting medicine. Lotion from plant applied to body for protection while hunting and in war. Navaho-Ramah Other. Root used as "life medicine." . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Pediatric aid. Cold infusion of root used to treat birth injuries. Dried root or leaves as dusting powder for skin sores or infant's sore navel. .

Genera

· (81:51,52) · (81:51,52) · (81:51,52) · (81:51,52) · (81:51,52) (47:59) (34:30) (34:30) (34:30) (34:30) (15:55) (15:55) (76:269) (78:70,128) (78:128) (66:309) (66:309) (11:119) (79:40) (68:57) (68:57) (79:40) (53:155) (72:44) (72:44) (84:43) (84:43) (84:43) (84:43) (84:43) (84:43) (84:43) (84:43)

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91

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Besseya

Table 1: Genera - Besseya plantaginea Scrophulariaceae Navaho-Ramah Witchcraft medicine. Lotion from plant applied to body for protection from witches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:43) Betula alba Cory laceae Cree Dermatological aid. (40:303) Boiled, powdered wood applied to chafed skin. Ojibwa Adjuvant. Birch, paper (63:358) Root used in medicines as a seasoner. Ojibwa Analgesic. Birch, paper (63:358) Root bark cooked with maple sugar as syrup to alleviate stomach cramps. Betula lenta Corylaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Birch, cherry (35:25) Leaves chewed for dysentery; also, infusion taken for dysentery and colds. Cherokee Cold remedy. Birch, cherry (35:25) Leaves chewed for dysentery; also, infusion taken for dysentery and colds. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Birch, cherry (35:25) Infusion of bark taken for "milky urine;" also, taken for stomach. Cherokee Urinary aid. Birch, cherry (35:25) Infusion of bark taken for "milky urine;" also, taken for stomach. Chippewa Antidiarrheal. Birch, black · (31:128) Decoction of bark taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chippewa Pulmonary aid. Birch, black · (31:128) Bark used for pulmonary troubles; decoction of bark taken for pneumonia. Iroquois Blood medicine. Birch, black Compound decoction taken when the "blood gets bad and cold." · (37:300) Iroquois Cold remedy. Birch, black · (37:300) Compound infusion taken by women ''when they catch cold with the menses." Iroquois Febrifuge. Birch, black · (37:300) Compound decoction taken for fever, soreness and "when a person tires." ... Iroquois Gynecological aid. Birch, black Compound decoction taken by women who have had gonorrhea and are pregnant. · (37:300) Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Birch, black Compound decoction taken for fever, soreness and "when a person tires." · (37:300) Iroquois Stimulant. Birch, black · (37:300) Compound decoction taken for fever, soreness and ''when a person tires." Iroquois Unspecified. Birch, black · (37:300) "Highly valued medicine because it sustains the deer, the mainstay of life." Mohegan Tonic. Birch, black Complex compound infusion including black birch bark taken as spring tonic. · (76:266) (78:70,128) Inner bark used to make a tonic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Betula lutea Cory laceae Delaware-Okl Cathartic. Birch, yellow . (77:25,74) Decoction of bark taken as an emetic or cathartic. Delaware-Okl Emetic. Birch, yellow . (77:25,74) Decoction of bark taken as an emetic or cathartic. Delaware-Okl Gast-intestinal aid. Birch, yellow (77:25) Decoction of bark taken "to remove bile from the intestines." Delaware-Ok! Liver aid. Birch, yellow (77:25) Decoction of bark taken "to remove bile from the intestines." Iroquois Blood medicine. Birch, yellow Complex compound as blood purifier. No preparation or application indicated. · (37:300) Iroquois Dermatological aid. Birch, yellow Complex compound decoction used as wash for affected parts of "Italian itch." · (37:300) Iroquois Gynecological aid. Birch, yellow Decoction of plant used for lactation. No application indicated. · (37:301) Micmac Other. Birch, yellow (15:55) Wood used as a hot-water bottle. . . . . . . . . . . . Ojibwa Blood medicine. Birch, yellow (52:231) Decoction of bark taken for internal blood diseases. Potawatomi Adjuvant. Birch, yellow (64:44) Infusion of twigs used as a seasoner for medicines. . S Ojibwa Diuretic. BETULA EXCELSA Birch, yellow (39:199) Compound decoction of inner bark taken as a diuretic. Betula nana Cory laceae W. Eskimo Analgesic. BETULA EXILIS Birch (44:5) Compound decoction of leaves taken for stomachache & intestinal discomfort. W. Eskimo Gast-intestinal aid. BETULA EXILIS Birch (44:5) Compound decoction of leaves taken for stomachache and intestinal discomfort .. Betula nigra Cory laceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Birch, red Leaves chewed for dysentery; also, infusion taken for dysentery and colds. . . . . . . . . . . (35:25)

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Genera

Betula

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Betula nigra Cory laceae

Cherokee Cold remedy. Birch, red (35:25) Leaves chewed for dysentery; also, infusion taken for dysentery and colds. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Birch, red (35:25) Infusion of bark taken for "milky urine;" also, taken for stomach. Cherokee Urinary aid. Birch, red (35:25) Infusion of bark taken for "milky urine;" also, taken for stomach. Cherokee Urinary aid. Birch, river (79:15) Decoction of inner bark taken for difficult urination with discharge . . Chippewa Analgesic. Birch, black (21:342) Decoction of bark taken for stomach pain. Chippewa Gast-intestinal aid. Birch, black (21:342) Decoction of bark taken for stomach pain. Betula papyrifera Corylaceae Chippewa Cathartic. Birch, white (21:364) Infusion of inner bark used as an enema. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Gynecological aid. Birch, white (37:300) Ashes from burned bark used to "shrivel the womb." No application indicated. Menominee Antidiarrheal. Birch, canoe (22:131) Decoction of inner bark used to treat dysentery. Menominee Tonic. Birch, canoe (22:131) Decoction of branch tips used as a tonic. Ojibwa Blood medicine. Birch, paper (52:231) Decoction of bark taken for internal blood diseases. Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. Birch, paper (63:358) Compound decoction of root bark taken to alleviate stomach cramps. Potawatomi Adjuvant. Birch, paper . (64:43,44) Infusion of twigs used as a seasoner for medicines. Shuswap Analgesic. Birch, paper (47:60) Plant used for pain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Betula populifolia Corylaceae Iroquois Hemorrhoid remedy. Birch, gray (37:300) Decoction of bark taken for bleeding piles. . . . . . . . . . . . . Micmac Dermatological aid. Birch (15:55) Inner bark used to treat infected cuts; also, used as an emetic. Micmac Emetic. Birch Inner bark used to treat infected cuts; also, used as an emetic. (15:55) Betula pumua Corylaceae Ojibwa Gynecological aid. Birch, low Infusion of cones taken during menses; taken for strength after childbirth. (63:358) Ojibwa Respiratory aid. Birch, low Smoke of cones inhaled as a cure for catarrh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (63:358) Betula sp. Corylaceae Creek Tuberculosis remedy. Birch, white Bark used in medicine taken for pulmonary tuberculosis. (75:659) Creek Tuberculosis remedy. Decoction of bark taken for pulmonary tuberculosis. (79:15) Bidens bipinnata Asteraceae Cherokee Anthelmintic. Spanish needles Leaves chewed for sore throat; also, infusion taken for worms. (35:57) Cherokee Throat aid. Spanish needles (35:57) Leaves chewed for sore throat; also, infusion taken for worms. Bignonia capreolata Bignoniaceae Cherokee Blood medicine. ANISOSTICHUS CAPREOLATA Cross vine Infusion of leaf taken to purify blood. (35:31) Cherokee Blood medicine. Cross vine Infusion of leaves used to cleanse the blood. (90:74) Choctaw Kidney aid. Cross vine Decoction of mashed bark used as a steam bath for dropsy. (79:57) Houma Misc disease remedy. Trumpet vine Infusion of mashed root used as a gargle for diphtheria. (68:65) Koasati Analgesic. Cross vine Decoction of bark used as a bath and taken for headaches. (79:57) Koasati Antirheumatic - Int. Cross vine Decoction of leaves taken for rheumatism. . . . . . . . . . . (79:57) Bignonia sp. Bignoniaceae Creek Unspecified. BIGNONIA CRUCIGERA Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (75:670) Blechnum spicant Polypodiaceae Kwakiutl Antidiarrheal. STRUTHIOPTERIS SPICANT Compound decoction of root taken, or root held in mouth, for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . (4:381)

Genera

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93

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Blechnum

Table 1: Genera - Blechnum spicam Polypodiaceae Kwakiutl Antidiarrheal. Fern, deer (82:266) Compound decoction of roots taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . Makah Gast-intestinal aid. STRUTHIOPTERIS SPICANT Fern, deer (34:15) Green leaves chewed for lung trouble or stomach distress. . Makah Pulmonary aid. STRUTHIOPTERIS SPICANT Fern, deer (34:15) Green leaves chewed for lung trouble or stomach distress. . QUileute Orthopedic aid. STRUTHIOPTERIS SPICANT Fern, deer (34:15) Poultice of fresh leaves applied to paralyzed parts of the body. Quileute Panacea. STRUTHIOPTERIS SPICANT Fern, deer (34:15) Decoction of leaves taken for general ill health. . . . . . . . . . Quinault Gast-intestinal aid. STRUTHIOPTERIS SPICANT Fern, deer (34:15) Raw leaves chewed for colic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Blephilia ciliata Lamiaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Mint, downy wood (35:45) Poultice of leaves used for headache. Boerhavia erecta Nyctaginaceae Hopi Insecticide. Sticky leaves and stem hung in house to catch flies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (88:75) Boschnia/cia glabra Orobanchaceae Tlingit Dermatological aid. (43:284) Compound containing root used to treat sores. Botrychium sp. Ophioglossaceae S Ojibwa Dermatological aid. BOTRYCHIUM VIRGINICUM Moonwort (39:201) Poultice of bruised root applied to cuts. .. Botrychium virginianum Ophioglossaceae Cherokee Emetic. Fern, rattlesnake . (79:4) Decoction of roots taken to cause vomiting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Snake bite remedy. Fern, rattlesnake (35:34) Decoction of root "boiled down to syrup" and rubbed on snake bite. Chickasaw Diaphoretic. Fern, Virginia grape (9:288-289) Decoction of root used as an emetic; also, plant used as a diaphoretic. Chickasaw Emetic. Fern, Virginia grape (9:288,289) Decoction of root used as an emetic; also, plant used as a diaphoretic. Chickasaw Expectorant. Fern, Virginia grape (9:288-289) Decoction of root used as an emetic; also, plant used as an expectorant. Chippewa Snake bite remedy. Fern, rattlesnake . (21:352) Poultice of mashed fresh root applied to snake bite; also, used as repellant .. Iroquois Cough medicine. Fern, Virginia grape . (37:261) Cold infusion of root and liquor taken for the cough of consumption. Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Fern, Virginia grape (37:261) Cold infusion of root and liquor taken for the cough of consumption. Ojibwa Pulmonary aid. Fern, Virginia grape (63:377) Plant said to be good for lung trouble and consumption. Ojibwa Tuberculosis remedy. Fern, Virginia grape (63:377) Plant said to be good for lung trouble and consumption. Potawatomi Unspecified. Fern, Virginia grape (64:67) Compound containing root used medicinally for unspecified purposes. Bouteloua gracilis Poaceae Navaho-Ramah Antidote. Grass, blue grama Compound decoction of plant taken to counteract overdose of "life medicine." · (84:15,16) Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Grass, blue grama Roots chewed and blown on cuts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · (84:15,16) Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. Grass, blue grama Decoction of whole plant taken as postpartum medicine. · (84:15,16) Navaho-Ramah Other. Grass, blue grama Cold compound infusion of root internally & externally as "life medicine." · (84:15,16) Navaho-Ramah Veterinary aid. Grass, blue grama · (84:15,16) Roots chewed and blown on incisions of castrated colts. . . . . . . . . . . . Bouteloua simplex Poaceae Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Grass, mat grama (84:16) Ashes applied to sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Throat aid. Grass, mat grama Cold infusion used internally and externally for sore throat. (84:16) Boylcinia elata Saxifragaceae Quileute Tuberculosis remedy. Raw leaves eaten for tuberculosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (34:31) Brassica hirta Brassicaceae Cherokee Dietary aid. Mustard, white Taken to increase appetite; also, taken as a stimulant and as a tonic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (35:46)

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Genera

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Brassica

Table 1: Genera - Brassica hina Brassicaceae

Cherokee Febrifuge. Mustard, white Taken for fever, "nervous fever," and "ague." Cherokee Kidney aid. Mustard, white Taken for "dropsy;" also, taken for palsy. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Mustard, white Taken for fever, "nervous fever," and "ague." Cherokee Orthopedic aid. Mustard, white Taken for "dropsy;" also, taken for palsy. Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Mustard, white Given for "phthisic" or asthma; also, used as a poultice for croup. Cherokee Respiratory aid. Mustard, white Given for "phthisic" or asthma; also, used as a poultice for croup. Cherokee Stimulant. Mustard, white Taken to increase appetite; also, taken as a stimulant and as a tonic. Cherokee Tonic. Mustard, white Taken to increase appetite; also, taken as a stimulant and as a tonic. Micmac Tuberculosis remedy. SINAPIS ALBA Mustard, white Parts of plant used to treat tuberculosis of lungs. . . . . . . . . . . . . Brassica juncea Brassicaceae Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Mustard, Indian Plant used as a stomach medicine. Brassica kaber Brassicaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Charlock Plant used as a ceremonial emetic for "deer infection." Navaho-Ramah Disinfectant. Char lock Plant used as a ceremonial emetic for "deer infection." Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Charlock Plant used as a ceremonial emetic for "deer infection." Bra8sica napus Brassicaceae Cherokee Dietary aid. Mustard, field Taken to increase appetite; also, taken as a stimulant and as a tonic. Cherokee Febrifuge. Mustard, field Taken for fever, "nervous fever," and "ague." Cherokee Kidney aid. Mustard, field Taken for "dropsy;" also, taken for palsy. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Mustard, field Taken for fever, "nervous fever," and "ague." Cherokee Orthopedic aid. Mustard, field Taken for "dropsy;" also, taken for palsy. Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Mustard, field Given for "phthisic" or asthma; also, used as a poultice for croup. Cherokee Respiratory aid. Mustard, field Given for "phthisic" or asthma; also, used as a poultice for croup. Cherokee Stimulant. Mustard, field Taken to increase appetite; also, taken as a stimulant and as a tonic. Cherokee Tonic. Mustard, field Taken to increase appetite; also, taken as a stimulant and as a tonic. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Mustard Poultice of hot, dried leaves applied to sores and boils. . . . . . . . . . Micmac Cold remedy. Turnip, wild Bark used to treat colds & coughs; also, used for grippe and for smallpox. Micmac Cough medicine. Turnip, wild Bark used to treat colds & coughs; also, used for grippe and for smallpox. Micmac Misc disease remedy. Turnip, wild Bark used to treat colds & coughs; also, used for grippe and for smallpox. Brassica nigra Brassicaceae Cherokee Dietary aid. Mustard, black Taken to increase appetite; also, taken as a stimulant and as a tonic. Cherokee Febrifuge. Mustard, black Taken for fever, "nervous fever," and "ague." Cherokee Kidney aid. Mustard, black Taken for "dropsy;" also, taken for palsy. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Mustard, black Taken for fever, "nervous fever," and "ague." Cherokee Orthopedic aid. Mustard, black Taken for "dropsy;" also, taken for palsy. Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Mustard, black Given for "phthisic" or asthma; also, used as a poultice for croup. Cherokee Respiratory aid. Mustard, black Given for "phthisic" or asthma; also, used as a poultice for croup.

Genera

(35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (15:62) (84:28) (84:28) (84:28) (84:28) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (37:341) (15:55) (15:55) (15:55) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46)

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95

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Brassica

Table 1: Genera -Brassica nigra Brassicaceae Cherokee Stimulant. Mustard, black (35:46) Taken to increase appetite; also, taken as a stimulant and as a tonic. Cherokee Tonic. Mustard, black Taken to increase appetite; also, taken as a stimulant and as a tonic. (35:46) Fox Cold remedy. Mustard, black (62:219) Snuff of ground seeds used to cure head colds. . . . . . . . . . . . Mohegan Analgesic. Mustard, wild Poultice of fresh leaves applied to relieve headache or toothache. (78:71,128) (76:264) Poultice of leaves bound to the skin for toothache or headache. Poultice of mustard applied to body pains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (11:120) (11:120) Poultice of wilted leaves applied to the skin for toothache and headache. Mohegan Toothache remedy. Mustard, wild Poultice of fresh leaves applied to relieve headache or toothache. (78:71,128) (76:264) Poultice of leaves bound to the skin for toothache or headache. (11:120) Poultice of wilted leaves applied to the skin for toothache and headache. Shinnecock Analgesic. Mustard, wild (11:120) Poultice of mustard applied to body pains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Poultice of wilted leaves applied to the skin for toothache and headache. (11:120) Shinnecock Emetic. Mustard, wild (11:120) Mustard mixed with flour and water taken to make "insides come up." Shinnecock Toothache remedy. Mustard, wild (11:120) Poultice of wilted leaves applied to the skin for toothache and headache. Brassica oleracea Brassicaceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Cabbage (35:28) Wilted leaf used as poultice for boils. Brassica oleraceae Brassicaceae Rappahannock Analgesic. Cabbage Poultice of green leaves bound to head for headache. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (69:25) Brassica rapa Brassicaceae Ojibwa Unspecified. BRASSICA CAMPESTRIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (52:232) Plant used for medicinal purposes. Brassica Bp. Brassicaceae Rappahannock Other. Turnip (69:32) Roasted roots used as a hot poultice for chilblains. Shoshone Burn dressing. Mustard, wild (81:52) Poultice of pulverized ripe seeds applied to burns. Brickellia brachyphylla Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Disinfectant. Brickellbush (84:49) Root used with "lizard "figurine" for prenatal "lizard infection." Navaho-Ramah Pediatric aid. Brickellbush (84:49) Root used with "lizard figurine" for prenatal "lizard infection." Brickellia califomica Asteraceae Navaho-Kayenta Ceremonial medicine. (91:45) Plant used as a ceremonial emetic following clan incest. . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. (91:45) Plant used as a lotion on infant sores caused by prenatal infection. Navaho-Kayenta Emetic. (91:45) Plant used as a ceremonial emetic following clan incest. . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Pediatric aid. (91:45) Plant used as a lotion on infant sores caused by prenatal infection. Navaho-Ramah Cough medicine. Cold irifusion of leaves taken and used as lotion for cough or fever. (84:49) Navaho-Ramah Febrifuge. (84:49) Infusion of leaves taken and used as lotion for cough or fever. Brickellia grandiftora Asteraceae Gosiute Poison. BRICKELIA GRANDIFLORA Seeds have poisonous effects. (14:364) Gosiute Unspecified. BRICKELIA GRANDIFLORA Root used as medicine. . ......... . (14:364) Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Cold infusion of dried leaves taken for influenza or headache. (84:49) Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. (84:49) Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. (84:49) Navaho-Ramah Misc disease remedy. Cold infusion of dried leaves taken for influenza or headache. (84:49) Brickellia oblongifolia Asteraceae Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Plant lotion used on infant ear & finger sores caused by prenatal infection . . . . . . . . . . (91:46)

96

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Genera

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Brickellia

Table 1: Genera - Brickellia oblongifolia Aster aceae

Navaho-Kayenta Pediatric aid. Plant lotion used on infant ear & finger sores caused by prenatal infection. Shoshone Gast-intestinal aid. Decoction of stems and leaves taken as a stomach medicine. . . . . . . . . Bradiaea douglasii Liliaceae Thompson Ind Adjuvant. TRITELEIA GRANDIFLORA Bulb used in medicine bag "to make the bag more potent." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bradiaea 811. Liliaceae Mahuna Dermatological aid. Plant used as a shampoo for the hair. Bromus ciliatus Poaceae Iroquois Other. Grass, fringed brome Decoction of plant used as a soak for corn, a "corn planting medicine." ........... Bromus tectorum Poaceae Navaho-Kayenta Oeremonial medicine. Infusion of plant used as a face wash for God-Impersonators. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cacalia atriplicifolia Asteraceae Oherokee Oancer treatment. Tassel flower Poultice for cuts, bruises, cancer, & to draw out blood or poisonous matter. Oherokee Dermatological aid. Tassel flower Poultice for cuts, bruises, cancer, & to draw out blood or poisonous matter. Calla palustris Araceae Gitksan Antihemorrhagic. Arum, water Decoction of root taken for hemorrhage, influenza, and shortness of breath. Gitksan Eye medicine. Arum, water Decoction of root taken for "cleaning the eyes of the blind." Gitksan Misc disease remedy. Arum, water Decoction of roots taken for influenza; also, taken for hemorrhage. Gitksan Respiratory aid. Arum, water Decoction of root taken for hemorrhage, influenza, and shortness of breath. Iroquois Snake bite remedy. Oalla, wild Oompound decoction of roots and stems used as poultice on snake bites. Potawatomi Dermatological aid. Arum, water Poultice of pounded root applied to reduce swellings. . . . . . . . . . . . . Calliandra humilis Fabaceae Navaho-Ramah Other. Mesquite, false Plant used as "life medicine." Callicarpa americana Verbenaceae Alabama Antirheumatic - Ext. Mulberry, French Decoction of roots and branches used in sweat bath for rheumatism. . ..... . Alabama Diaphoretic. Mulberry, French Decoction of root & branch used in sweat bath for malarial fever & rheumatism. Decoction of roots and leaves used as sweat bath for malarial fever. .. Alabama Febrifuge. Mulberry, French Decoction of roots and branches used in sweatbath for malarial fevers. Decoction of roots and leaves used as sweat bath for malarial fever. Alabama Misc disease remedy. Mulberry, French Decoction of roots and leaves used as sweat bath for malarial fever. Ohoctaw Antidiarrheal. Mulberry, French Decoction of roots taken for dysentery. . . . . Ohoctaw Gast-intestinal aid. Mulberry, French Decoction of roots and berries taken for colic. Ohoctaw Gast-intestinal aid. Decoction of roots and berries taken as a colic remedy. Ohoctaw Other. Mulberry, French Decoction of roots taken during attacks of dizziness. Koasati Gast-intestinal aid. Mulberry, French Decoction of roots taken for stomachaches. Callirhoe z'nvolucrata Malvaceae Dakota Analgesic. OALLIRRHOE INVOLUCRATA Mallow, purple Decoction of root taken for internal pains. . . . . . . Dakota Analgesic. Mallow, purple Smoke of dried root used to bathe aching body parts. Dakota Oold remedy. OALLIRRHOE INVOLUCRATA Mallow, purple Root smoke inhaled to relieve head cold. . . . . . . . . . . . . Calochortus gunnisonii Liliaceae Oheyenne Unspecified. Lily, mariposa Dried, chopped bulbs used as an ingredient for a medicinal mixture. Oheyenne Veterinary aid. Lily, mariposa Root put into a horse's mouth before running the animal in a race.

Genera

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(91:46) (81:52) (71:508) (55:40) (37:273) (91:15) (35:58) (35:58) (60:53) (60:53) (60:53) (60:53) (37:27'8) (64:40) (84:32) (75:663) (75:663) (79:52) (75:663) (79:52) (79:52) (79:52) (79:52) . (8:24) (79:52) (79:52) (30:103) (30:103) (30:103) (36:12) (36:12)

97

Calochortus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Calochortus gunnisonii Liliaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Mariposa Plant used as a ceremonial medicine. . . . Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Mariposa Juice of leaf applied to pimples. . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. Mariposa Decoction of whole plant taken to ease delivery of placenta. Navaho-Ramah Other. Mariposa Bulb used as "life medicine." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Calochortus nuttallii Liliaceae Hopi Ceremonial medicine. CALOCHORTUS AUREUS Plant used in the Flute ceremony. .. Navaho-Ramah Other. Mariposa, yellow Bulb used as "life medicine." Caltha palustris Ranunculaceae Chippewa Cold remedy. Cowslip Decoction of root taken as diaphoretic, expectorant, & emetic to treat colds. Chippewa Dermatological aid. Marigold, marsh Poultice of boiled and mashed roots applied to sores. . . . . . . . . . . Chippewa Diaphoretic. Cowslip Decoction of root taken as a diaphoretic and an emetic to treat colds. Chippewa Diuretic. Cowslip Compound decoction of leaves and stalks taken as a diuretic. . . . . . Chippewa Emetic. Cowslip Decoction of root taken as a diaphoretic and an emetic to treat colds. Chippewa Gynecological aid. Cowslip Compound decoction of root taken during "confinement." . . . Chippewa Tuberculosis remedy. Cowslip Poultice of mashed or powdered root applied to scrofula sores. Iroquois Emetic. Marigold, marsh Infusion of smashed roots taken to vomit against a love charm. Iroquois Love medicine. Marigold, marsh Infusion of smashed roots taken to vomit against a love charm. W. Eskimo Laxative. Marigold, marsh Infusion of leaves taken for constipation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Caltha rotundifolia Ranunculaceae Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Marigold, marsh Fresh plant chewed and spit on wounds; also, poultice of crushed plant used. . . . . . . . . Caltha sp. Ranunculaceae Okanagan Dermatological aid. CALTHA ROTUNDIFOLIA t Marigold, marsh Poultice of chewed plant applied to inflamed wounds. . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. CALTHA ROTUNDIFOLIA t Marigold, marsh Poultice of chewed plant applied to inflamed wounds. . . . . . . . . . . . Calycadenia multiglandulosa Asteraceae Yana Febrifuge. HEMIZONIA MULTIGLANDULOSA Cooked, dried, pounded seeds eaten for chills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Calycanthus fertilis Calycanthaceae Cherokee Urinary aid. Allspice, Carolina Infusion of bark taken for urinary troubles. Calycanthus floridus Calycanthaceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Sweet shrub Ooze of bark used on children's sores; also, infusion used for hives. Cherokee Emetic. Strawberry shrub Roots used as very strong emetics; also, seeds used to poison wolves. Cherokee Emetic. Sweet shrub Roots used as a strong emetic; also, used for urinary and bladder complaints. Cherokee Eye medicine. Sweet shrub Cold infusion of bark used as eyedrops for persons losing eyesight. Cherokee Pediatric aid. Sweet shrub Ooze of bark used on children's sores; also, infusion used for hives. Cherokee Poison. Strawberry shrub Roots used as very strong emetics; also, seeds used to poison wolves. Cherokee Urinary aid. Sweet shrub Roots used as a strong emetic; also, used for urinary and bladder complaints. Calycanthus occidentalis Calycanthaceae Porno Cold remedy. Spicebush Decoction of scraped bark taken for severe colds. Calypso bulbosa Orchidaceae Thompson Ind Unspecified. CYTHEREA BULBOSA Calypso Plants used as charms for unspecified purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

98

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Genera

(84:20) (84:20) (84:20) (84:20) (24:18) (84:20) (21:340) (31:130) (21:340) (21:348) (21:340) (21:360) (21:354) (37:323) (37:323) (44:14) (71:467) (48:42) (48:42) (57:252) (79:23) (35:58) (90:74) (35:58) (35:58) (35:58) (90:74) (35:58) (27:13) (71:506)

Camassia

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Camassia scilloides Liliaceae Creek Unspecified. CAMASSIA ESCULENTA Quamash Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose. (75:667) Campanula americana Campanulaceae Fox Cough medicine. Bluebell (62:206) Leaves used to treat coughs and consumption. Fox Tuberculosis remedy. Bluebell (62:206) Leaves used to treat coughs and consumption. Iroquois Pulmonary aid. Bellflower, tall (37:451) Infusion of smashed roots taken for whooping cough. Campanula aparinoides Campanulaceae Iroquois Gynecological aid. Bellflower, blue marsh Decoction of stems taken by young women to induce childbirth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:451) Campanula divaricata Campanulaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Harebell, southern (35:37) Infusion of root taken for diarrhea. Campanula parryi Campanulaceae Navaho-Kayenta Gynecological aid. (91:44) Plant taken by pregnant woman when female baby is desired. Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Bellflower (84:47) Dry plant used as a dusting powder for sores. . . . . . . . . Zuni Dermatological aid. Bluebell (72:44) Blossoms chewed and saliva applied to skin as a depilatory. (72:44) Poultice of chewed root applied to bruises. . . . . . . . . . . Campanula rotundifolia Campanulaceae Chippewa Ear medicine. Harebell (21:362) Infusion of root used as drops for sore ear. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Harebell (84:47) Plant used as ceremonial fumigant to treat eye or head trouble. Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Harebell (84:47) Plant used as ceremonial fumigant to treat various ailments. Navaho-Ramah Disinfectant. Harebell (84:47) Plant used as ceremonial fumigant to treat deer infection. .. Navaho-Ramah Eye medicine. Harebell (84:47) Plant used as ceremonial fumigant to treat eye or head trouble. Navaho-Ramah Hunting medicine. Harebell (84:47) Plant rubbed on body for protection while hunting. Navaho-Ramah Witchcraft medicine. Harebell (84:47) Plant rubbed on body for protection from witches. Ojibwa Pulmonary aid. Harebell (63:360) Compound containing root used for lung troubles. Camptos0ru8 rhizophyllus Polypodiaceae Cherokee Breast treatment. Walking leaf (79:3) Decoction of whole plant rubbed on swollen breast. . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Emetic. Walking leaf (79:3) Decoction of whole plant taken to induce vomiting for swollen breasts. Cannabis sativa Moraceae Iroquois Psychological aid. Marijuana (37:306) Used after patient gets well but doesn't think that he's recovered. Iroquois Stimulant. Marijuana (37:306) "This plant will get you going." No preparation or application indicated. Capsella bursa-pastoris Brassicaceae Cheyenne Analgesic. BURSA BURSA-PASTORIS (33:174) Cold infusion of leaves and stems taken for head pains. Chippewa Analgesic. BURSA BURSA-PASTORIS Shepherd's purse (21:344) Decoction of entire plant taken for dysentery cramps. Chippewa Antidiarrheal. BURSA BURSA-PASTORIS Shepherd's purse (21:344) Decoction of whole plant taken for dysentery and cramps. . . . . Chippewa Gast-intestinal aid. BURSA BURSA-PASTORIS Shepherd's purse (21:344) Decoction of whole plant taken for stomach cramps and dysentery. Costanoan Antidiarrheal. .. (5:9) Infusion of plant used for dysentery. . . . . . . Fox Unspecified. Shepherd's purse (62:219) Used as a medicine, no specific use mentioned. Mahuna Antidiarrheal. Shepherd's purse . (55:7) Infusion of plants taken for dysentery and diarrhea. Menominee Dermatological aid. BURSA BURSA-PASTORIS Shepherd's purse (22:134) Infusion of whole plant used as a wash for poison ivy. Menominee Dermatological aid. Shepherd's purse (61:33) Infusion of plant used as a wash to cure poison ivy. .

Genera

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99

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Capsella

Table 1: Genera -Capsella bursa-pastoris Brassicaceae Mohegan Analgesic. Pepper grass Infusion of seed pods taken to relieve stomach pains. . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . Mohegan Anthelmintic. BURSA BURSA-PASTORIS Pepper grass Infusion of seed pods taken for stomach; its pungency kills internal worms. Mohegan Anthelmintic. Pepper grass Infusion of seed pods taken as a vermifuge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . Mohegan Gast-intestinal aid. BURSA BURSA-PASTORIS Pepper grass Infusion of seed pods taken for stomach; its pungency kills internal worms. Mohegan Gast-intestinal aid. Pepper grass Infusion of seed pods taken to relieve stomach pains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Capsicum sp. Solanaceae Cherokee Cold remedy. CAPSICUM FRUTESCENS Pepper, cayenne Powerful stimulant; also, used for colds and for colics. Cherokee Febrifuge. CAPSICUM FRUTESCENS Pepper, cayenne Poultice applied to soles of feet "in nervous or low fevers." Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. CAPSICUM FRUTESCENS Pepper, cayenne Powerful stimulant; also, used for colds and for colics. . . . . . ... Cherokee Other. CAPSICUM FRUTESCENS Pepper, cayenne Poultice used for gangrene; also, poultice applied to feet for fevers. Cherokee Stimulant. CAPSICUM FRUTESCENS Pepper, cayenne Powerful stimulant; also, used for colds and for colics. . . . . . ... Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. CAPSICUM FRUTESCENS Pepper, chili Powdered chili pepper rubbed on breast to wean nursing child . . Navaho-Ramah Pediatric aid. CAPSICUM FRUTESCENS Pepper, chili Powdered chili pepper rubbed on breast to wean nursing child. Cardamine bulbosa Brassicaceae Iroquois Poison. Cress, bulbous spring Roots used as a poison to kill. . . . Cardamine diphylla Brassicaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Toothwort, crinkled Poultice of root used for headache; also, root chewed for colds. Cherokee Cold remedy. Toothwort, crinkled Poultice of root used for headache; also, root chewed for colds. Cherokee Throat aid. Toothwort, crinkled Infusion gargled for sore throat; also, root chewed for colds. Cardamz"ne douglassii Brassicaceae Iroquois Antidote. Cress, purple spring Infusion of smashed roots used to counteract any kind of poison. Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Cress, purple spring Infusion of smashed roots used to divine the perpetrator of witchcraft. Cardamine sp. Brassicaceae Iroquois Analgesic. CARDAMINE CONCATENATA Pepper root Poultice of smashed roots applied to the head for headaches. Iroquois Carminative. CARDAMINE DlPHYLLA t Pepper root Raw root chewed for gas on the stomach. . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Cold remedy. CARDAMINE DIPHYLLA t Pepper root Used for colds, stimulate appetite & regulate stomach. No preparation given. Iroquois Dermatological aid. CARDAMINE DlPHYLLA t Pepper root Poultice of roots applied to swellings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Iroquois Dietary aid. CARDAMINE DIPHYLLA t Pepper root Used for colds, stimulate appetite & regulate stomach. No preparation given. Iroquois Febrifuge. CARDAMINE DIPHYLLA t Pepper root Cold infusion of plant taken for fever or "summer complaint." . . . . . . Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. CARDAMINE DIPHYLLA t Pepper root Plant used for colds, to stimulate appetite and to regulate the stomach. Iroquois Hallucinogen. CARDAMINE CONCATENATA Pepper root Plant is used to mesmerize. No preparation or application indicated. . Iroquois Heart medicine. CARDAMINE DIPHYLLA t Pepper root Roots used several ways for heart palpitations or other heart diseases. Iroquois Hunting medicine. CARDAMINE CONCATENATA Pepper root Roots rubbed on guns, traps, fishing lines or hooks; a "hunting medicine." Iroquois Love medicine. CARDAMINE CONCATENATA Pepper root Roots or plant placed in pocket or mouth to attract women; a "love medicine." Iroquois Love medicine. CARDAMINE DIPHYLLA t Pepper root Infusion of roots taken when "love medicine is too strong." Iroquois Misc disease remedy. CARDAMINE DIPHYLLA t Pepper root Cold infusion of plant taken for fever or "summer complaint." Iroquois Other. CARDAMINE CONCATENATA Pepper root Plant is used for divination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100

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Genera

(78:71) (76:265) (78:71,128) (76:265) (78:71) (35:48) (35:48) (35:48) (35:48) (35:48) (84:42) (84:42) (37:340) (35:59) (35:59) (35:59) (37:340) (37:340) (37:340) (37:341) (37:340) (37:341) (37:340) (37:341) (37:340) (37:339) (37:340) (37:339) (37:339) (37:341) (37:341) (37:340)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Cardamine

Table 1: Genera - Brassicaceae Iroquois Panacea. Compound infusion taken or placed on injured part; a "Little Water Medicine." (37:339) Iroquois Psychological aid. CARDAMINE DIPHYLLA t Pepper root Infusion of roots taken when the "heart jumps and the head goes wrong." . (37:341) Iroquois Pulmonary aid. CARDAMINE DIPHYLLA t Pepper root (37:341) Compound used for pains in the chest. No preparation or application given. Carduus altissimus Asteraceae Cherokee Analgesic. Thistle, little Infusion of leaves taken for neuralgia. ........... . (35:58) Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Thistle, little (35:58) Warm infusion of roots taken to help person who overeats. Cherokee Other. Thistle, little (35:58) Roots used as poultice; decoction of bruised plant used to poultice sore jaw. Camuus lanceolatus Asteraceae Cherokee Analgesic. Thistle, bull Infusion of leaves taken for neuralgia. . . . . . . . . . . . . (35:58) Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Thistle, bull (35:58) Warm infusion of roots taken to help person who overeats. Cherokee Other. Thistle, bull Roots used as poultice; decoction of bruised plant used to poultice sore jaw. (35:58) Camuus sp. Asteraceae Kwakiutl Oral aid. CARDUUS REMALIFLORUS (4:383) Infusion of root used to wipe out child's mouth to treat rash and cankers. (4:383) Root held in mouth for rash or cankers in mouth; infusion to treat children. Kwakiutl Pediatric aid. CARDUUS REMALIFLORUS (4:383) Infusion of root used to wipe out child's mouth to treat rash and cankers. Carex brevior Cyperaceae Iroquois Gynecological aid. Sedge Compound infusion of plant taken for evacuation of the placenta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:275) Carex festivella Cyperaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Sedge (84:19) Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Sedge (84:19) Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Carex nebraskensis Cyperaceae Cheyenne Ceremonial medicine. CAREX NEBRASCENSIS Sedge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (36:7) Plant used in the Sun Dance and Massaum ceremonies. Carex oligosperma Cyperaceae Iroquois Emetic. Sedge Compound decoction taken as an emetic before running or playing lacrosse. . . . . . . . . (37:275) Carex pensylvanica Cyperaceae Navaho-Ramah Disinfectant. Sedge Cold infusion of plant used as lotion for "eagle infections." (84:19) Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Sedge Cold infusion of plant taken to relieve discomfort from overeating. (84:19) Carex plantaginea Cyperaceae Menominee Snake bite remedy. Sedge, plantain leaved Root as charm to prevent snake bite; spittle from chewed root on snake bite. . . . . . . . . (61:34) Carex platyphylla Cyperaceae Iroquois Other. Sedge, broad leaved Used several ways to ''wash the snowsnake," a snowsnake medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:274) Carex prasina Cyperaceae Iroquois Emetic. Sedge (37:275) Decoction taken as an emetic and "when stomach is bad from an unknown cause." Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Sedge Decoction taken as an emetic and "when stomach is bad from an unknown cause." (37:275) Iroquois Veterinary aid. Sedge (37:275) Decoction given to hunting dogs "when stomach is bad from an unknown cause." Carex sp. Cyperaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Sedge Infusion of leaf taken to "check bowels." (35:54) Gosiute Other. Sedge Root used as medicine. . . . . . . . . . . (14:365) Carex vulpinoidea Cyperaceae Iroquois Other. Sedge Compound decoction of roots used as a "rooster fighting medicine." . . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:275) Carnegiea gigantea Cactaceae Pima Gynecological aid. Cactus, giant Plant used to make the milk flow after childbirth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (17:53) Cardamine sp.

Genera

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101

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Carpinus

Table 1: Genera - CarpintJ8 caroliniana Cory laceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Hornbeam, American Compound infusion taken for flux, "navel yellowness," and cloudy urine. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Hornbeam, American Compound infusion taken for flux, "navel yellowness," and cloudy urine. Inner bark is astringent; compound infusion taken for flux. . . . . . . . . Cherokee Urinary aid. Hornbeam, American Compound infusion taken for flux, "navel yellowness," and cloudy urine. Decoction of inner bark taken for difficult urination with discharge. . . . Delaware-Ont Gynecological aid. Ironwood Compound infusion of root or bark taken for "diseases peculiar to women." Delaware-Ont Tonic. Ironwood Compound infusion of root or bark taken for "general debility." . . . . . . . Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Hornbeam Decoction used as a wash or infusion of vine given to babies with diarrhea. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Hornbeam Complex compound decoction used as wash on affected parts for "Italian itch." Iroquois Gynecological aid. Hornbeam Compound decoction taken to facilitate childbirth and for parturition. . .. Iroquois Other. Hornbeam Compound used for "big injuries." No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Hornbeam Decoction used as a wash or infusion of vine give to babies with diarrhea. Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Hornbeam Compound decoction of bark chips taken for consumption. . . . . . . . . . Carya cordi/armis Juglandaceae Fox Diuretic. Hickory, bitternut Infusion of bark taken ''to make the urine free." Fox Laxative. Hickory, bitternut Infusion of bark taken "to make the bowels loose." Fox Panacea. Hickory, bitternut Infusion of bark taken for "simple sicknesses." Carya illinoensis Juglandaceae Comanche Dermatological aid. Pecan Pulverized leaves rubbed on affected part to treat ringworm. Kiowa Thberculosis remedy. CARYA PECAN Pecan Decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . Carya laciniosa Juglandaceae Cherokee Abortifacient. Hickory Used for cold, female obstructions, and relief of pain of poliomyelitis. Cherokee Analgesic. Hickory Used for cold, female obstructions, and relief of pain of poliomyelitis. Cherokee Cold remedy. Hickory Used for cold, female obstructions, and relief of pain of poliomyelitis. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Hickory Bark chewed for sore mouth; also used as dressing for cuts. . . . .. Inner bark is astringent and detergent; used as dressing for cuts. Cherokee Diaphoretic. Hickory Used as diaphoretic and emetic, for bile, and to invigorate stomach. Cherokee Emetic. Hickory Used as diaphoretic and emetic, for bile, and to invigorate stomach. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Hickory Used as diaphoretic and emetic, for bile, and to invigorate stomach. Cherokee Liver aid. Hickory Used as diaphoretic and emetic, for bile, and to invigorate stomach. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Hickory Used for cold, female obstructions, and relief of pain of poliomyelitis. Cherokee Oral aid. Hickory Bark chewed for sore mouth; also used as dressing for cuts. Cherokee Orthopedic aid. Hickory Infusion of bark taken by ball players to make limbs supple. Carya ovata Juglandaceae Delaware-Ont Gynecological aid. Hickory Compound infusion of bark taken for "diseases peculiar to women." Delaware-Ont Tonic. Hickory Compound infusion of bark taken for "general debility." . . . . . . . Iroquois Anthelmintic. Hickory, shag bark Compound decoction with white from inside bark taken to kill worms in adults. Iroquois Antirheumatic - Ext. Hickory, shag bark Decoction of bark taken for arthritis and applied as a poultice. . . . . . . . .. .

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Genera

(35:39) (35:39) (35:39) (35:39) (79:15) (77:68) (77:68) (37:299) · (37:299) · (37:299) · (37:299) (37:299) (37:299) (62:224) (62:224) (62:224) (10:520) (85:20) (35:38) (35:38) (35:38) (35:38) (35:38) (35:38) (35:38) (35:38) (35:38) (35:38) (35:38) (35:38) (77:68) (77:68) · (37:297) · (37:297)

Carya

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Carya ovata Juglandaceae Iroquois Antirheumatic - Int. Hickory, shag bark Decoction of bark taken for arthritis and applied as a poultice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:297) Carya pollida Juglandaceae Cherokee Abortifacient. Hickory (35:38) Used for cold, female obstructions, and relief of pain of poliomyelitis. Cherokee Analgesic. Hickory (35:38) Used for cold, female obstructions, and relief of pain of poliomyelitis. Cherokee Cold remedy. Hickory (35:38) Used for cold, female obstructions, and relief of pain of poliomyelitis. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Hickory (35:38) Bark chewed for sore mouth; also used as dressing for cuts. . .. (35:38) Inner bark is astringent and detergent; used as dressing for cuts. Cherokee Diaphoretic. Hickory (35:38) Used as diaphoretic and emetic, for bile, and to invigorate stomach. Cherokee Emetic. Hickory (35:38) Used as diaphoretic and emetic, for bile, and to invigorate stomach. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Hickory (35:38) Used as diaphoretic and emetic, for bile, and to invigorate stomach. Cherokee Liver aid. Hickory (35:38) Used as diaphoretic and emetic, for bile, and to invigorate stomach. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Hickory (35:38) Used for cold, female obstructions, and relief of pain of poliomyelitis. Cherokee Oral aid. Hickory (35:38) Bark chewed for sore mouth; also used as dressing for cuts. Cherokee Orthopedic aid. Hickory (35:38) Infusion of bark taken by ball players to make limbs supple. Carya [!p. Juglandaceae Chippewa Analgesic. HICORIA ALBA Hickory (21:338) Fresh, small shoots steamed as inhalant for headache. . . . . . . . . . . Chippewa Herbal steam. HICORIA ALBA Hickory (21:338) Fresh small shoots placed on hot stones as herbal steam for headache. Carya tomentosa Juglandaceae Cherokee Abortifacient. Hickory (35:38) Used for cold, female obstructions, and relief of pain of poliomyelitis. Cherokee Analgesic. Hickory (35:38) Used for cold, female obstructions, and relief of pain of poliomyelitis. Cherokee Cold remedy. Hickory (35:38) Used for cold, female obstructions, and relief of pain of poliomyelitis. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Hickory (35:38) Bark chewed for sore mouth; also used as dressing for cuts. . .. (35:38) Inner bark is astringent and detergent; used as dressing for cuts. Cherokee Diaphoretic. Hickory (35:38) Used as diaphoretic and emetic, for bile, and to invigorate stomach. Cherokee Emetic. Hickory (35:38) Used as diaphoretic and emetic, for bile, and to invigorate stomach. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Hickory (35:38) Used as diaphoretic and emetic, for bile, and to invigorate stomach. Cherokee Liver aid. Hickory (35:38) . Used as diaphoretic and emetic, for bile, and to invigorate stomach. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Hickory (35:38) Used for cold, female obstructions, and relief of pain of poliomyelitis. Cherokee Oral aid. Hickory (35:38) Bark chewed for sore mouth; also used as dressing for cuts. Cherokee Oral aid. Mocker nut (79:14) Chewed inner bark used for sore mouth. . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Orthopedic aid. Hickory (35:38) Infusion of bark taken by ball players to make limbs supple. Delaware-Ont Gynecological aid. CARYA ALBA Hickory (77:82) Compound infusion of bark taken for "female disorder." Delaware-Ont Tonic. CARYA ALBA Hickory (77:82) Compound infusion of bark taken as a tonic for general debility. Cassia fasciculata Fabaceae Cherokee Other. Pea, partridge (35:54) Root medicine used to keep ball players from tiring. Cherokee Stimulant. Pea, partridge (35:54) Compound infusion given for fainting spells. Cassia hebecarpa Fabaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Senna, wild (35:54) Compound taken for pneumonia; also, infusion taken for cramps.

Genera

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103

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Cassia

Table 1: Genera -Cassia hebecarpa Fabaceae Cherokee Cathartic. Senna, wild Infusion given as a purgative to children and adults. . . . . . . . . . . .. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Senna, wild Root used as poultice for sores; infusion of root taken for heart trouble. Cherokee Febrifuge. Senna, wild Infusion taken for fever; also, infusion of root given for children's fever. Cherokee Heart medicine. Senna, wild Root used as poultice for sores; infusion of root taken for heart trouble. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Senna, wild Infusion taken for "blacks" (hands and eye sockets turn black). Cherokee Pediatric aid. Senna, wild Infusion given to children as a purgative and for fever. . . . . . Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Senna, wild Compound taken for pneumonia; also, infusion taken for cramps. Cherokee Stimulant. Senna, wild Compound infusion given for fainting spells. . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Anthelmintic. Senna, wild Plant used as a worm remedy. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Laxative. Senna, wild Compound decoction of flowers taken as a laxative. . . . . . . . . Cassia marilandica Fabaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Senna, American Compound taken for pneumonia; also, infusion taken for cramps. Cherokee Cathartic. Senna, American Infusion given as a purgative to children and adults. . . . . . . . Cherokee Dermatological aid. Senna, American Root used as poultice for sores; infusion of root taken for heart trouble. Cherokee Febrifuge. Senna, American Infusion taken for fever; also, infusion of root given for children's fever. Cherokee Heart medicine. Senna, American Root used as poultice for sores; infusion of root taken for heart trouble. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Senna, American Infusion taken for "blacks" (hands and eye sockets turn black). Cherokee Pediatric aid. Senna, American Infusion given to children as a purgative and for fever. . . . . . Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Senna, American Compound taken for pneumonia; also, infusion taken for cramps. Cherokee Stimulant. Senna, American Compound infusion given for fainting spells. . . . . . . . . . Fox Throat aid. Pea, partridge Seeds soaked until mucilaginous, then eaten for sore throat. Iroquois Anthelmintic. Compound infusion taken as a blood remedy and for tape worms. Iroquois Blood medicine. Compound infusion taken as a blood remedy and for tape worms. Cassia nictitans Fabaceae Cherokee Stimulant. Sensitive plant, wild Compound infusion given for fainting spells. Root medicine used to keep ball players from tiring. Cassia tom Fabaceae Houma Misc disease remedy. Indian coffee Compound decoction of root taken for typhoid. Castanea dentata Fagaceae Cherokee Cough medicine. Chestnut Compound decoction of leaves used as cough syrup. . . . . . . . . Cherokee Dermatological aid. Chestnut Leaves from young sprouts dipped in hot water and put on sores. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Chestnut Infusion given for typhoid and for stomach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Gynecological aid. Chestnut Cold compound infusion of bark used to stop bleeding after childbirth. Cherokee Heart medicine. Chestnut Infusion of year old leaves taken for heart trouble. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Chestnut Infusion given for typhoid and for stomach. . . . . Cherokee Pediatric aid. Chestnut Warmed galls applied to make infant's navel recede. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Chestnut Compound decoction used as wash on parts affected by "Italian itch." Compound wood powder used for chafed babies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Genera

(35:54) (35:54) (35:54) (35:54) (35:54) (35:54) (35:54) (35:54) (37:362) . (37:362) (35:54) (35:54) (35:54) (35:54) (35:54) (35:54) (35:54) (35:54) (35:54) (62:228) (37:362) (37:362) (35:54) (35:54) (68:65) (35:29) (35:29) (35:29) (35:29) (35:29) (35:29) (35:29) (37:302) (37:302)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Castanea

Table 1: Genera - Castanea dentata Fagaceae

Iroquois Pediatric aid. Chestnut Compound wood powder used for chafed babies. Iroquois Veterinary aid. Chestnut Bark mixed into young dog's food for worms. Mohegan Antirheumatic - Int. Chestnut, American Leaves used to treat colds, whooping cough, and rheumatism. Mohegan Cold remedy. Chestnut, American Leaves used to treat colds, whooping cough, and rheumatism. Mohegan Pulmonary aid. Chestnut Infusion of leaves used for whooping cough. . . . . . . . Mohegan Pulmonary aid. Chestnut, American Infusion of leaves taken as a cure for whooping cough. Castanea pumila Fagaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Chinquapin Brittle leaves heated and blown on patient to relieve headaches. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Chinquapin Used for fever blisters; also, for "chills and cold sweats." . . . . . Cherokee Febrifuge. Chinquapin Infusion of dried leaves used as a wash for fevers, chills and cold sweats. Used for fever blisters; also, for "chills and cold sweats." Koasati Gast-intestinal aid. Chinquapin Decoction of roots taken for stomach troubles. . . . . . . Castilleja affinis Scrophulariaceae Costanoan Dermatological aid. CASTILLEIA AFFINIS Decoction of plant used as wash or powdered plant applied to infected sores. Costanoan Disinfectant. CASTILLEIA AFFINIS Decoction of plant used as wash or powdered plant applied to infected sores. Castilleja angustifolia Scrophulariaceae Quileute Abortifacient. Indian paintbrush Infusion of whole plant taken to regulate menstruation. Shuswap Eye medicine. Indian paintbrush Decoction of roots, stems and leaves used for weak or sore eyes. Castilleja chromosa Scrophulariaceae Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Plant used for spider bites. Castilleja coccinea Scrophulariaceae Cherokee Poison. Indian paintbrush Infusion used "to destroy your enemies." Chippewa Cold remedy. Painted cup Infusion of flower taken for colds. Chippewa Orthopedic aid. Painted cup Simple or compound decoction of flowers used to treat paralysis. Castilleja integra Scrophulariaceae Navaho Burn dressing. Paintbrush Plant used for burns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho Gast-intestinal aid. Paintbrush, Mexican Infusion of crushed leaves taken for stomach troubles. Navaho-Ramah Blood medicine. Paintbrush Compound decoction of root to "clean out the blood" after internal injury. Navaho-Ramah Burn dressing. Paintbrush Poultice of leaves applied to burns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. Paintbrush Decoction of leaf taken during pregnancy to keep baby small, for easy labor. Castilleja linariifolia Scrophulariaceae Hopi Contraceptive. CASTILLEJA LINARIAEFOLIA Painted cup Decoction of plant used to ease menstrual difficulties & as a contraceptive. Hopi Gynecological aid. CASTILLEJA LINARIAEFOLIA Painted cup Decoction of plant used to ease menstrual difficulties & as a contraceptive. Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. CASTILLEJA LINARIAEFOLIA Paintbrush Plant used to treat stomachache. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. CASTILLEJA LINARIAEFOLIA Paintbrush Plant used for stomachache. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. CASTILLEJA LINARIAEFOLIA Paintbrush Decoction of leaf taken during pregnancy to keep baby small, for easy labor. Shoshone Blood medicine. CASTILLEJA LINARIAEFOLIA Paintbrush Decoction of root taken as a blood purifier. . . . . . . . . Shoshone Cathartic. CASTILLEJA LINARIAEFOLIA Paintbrush Decoction of root taken as an emetic and physic. Shoshone Emetic. CASTILLEJA LINARIAEFOLIA Paintbrush Decoction of root taken as an emetic and physic.

Genera

(37:302) (37:302) (78:128) (78:128) (76:265) (78:71,128) (35:29) (35:29) (79:16) (35:29) (79:16) (5:15) (5:15) (34:46) (47:69) (91:41) (35:40) (21:362) (21:362) (38:159) (23:76) · (84:43,44) · (84:43,44) · (84:43,44) · (88:35,91) · (88:35,91) (84:44) (84:44) (84:44) (81:53) (81:53) (81:53)

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105

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Castilleja

Table 1: Genera - Castilleja linariifolia Scrophulariaceae

Shoshone Venereal aid. CASTILLEJA LINARIAEFOLIA Paintbrush Decoction of root taken over a long period of time for venereal disease. .......... . Castilleja lineata Scrophulariaceae Navaho Gast-intestinal aid. Indian paintbrush Infusion of crushed, dried leaves taken for stomach troubles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Castilleja miniata Scrophulariaceae Gitksan Antihemorrhagic. Paintbrush Decoction of entire plant taken for bleeding, stiff lungs, and sore eyes. Gitksan Cathartic. Paintbrush Decoction of entire plant taken as a purgative and as a diuretic. Gitksan Cough medicine. Paintbrush Decoction of seeds taken for coughs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gitksan Diuretic. Paintbrush Decoction of entire plant taken as a purgative and as a diuretic. Gitksan Eye medicine. Paintbrush Decoction of entire plant taken for bleeding, stiff lungs, and sore eyes. Gitksan Kidney aid. Paintbrush Decoction of entire plant taken for, lame back, perhaps from kidney trouble. Gitksan Orthopedic aid. Paintbrush Decoction of entire plant taken for lame back, stiff lungs, and sore eyes. Gitksan Other. Paintbrush Decoction of entire plant taken for bleeding, stiff lungs, and sore eyes. Castilleja 8e81filijlom Scrophulariaceae Menominee Dermatological aid. Paintbrush, sessile Flowers and leaves macerated in bear grease & used as invigorating hair oil. . . . . . . . . Castilleja sp. Scrophulariaceae Navaho Gast-intestinal aid. CASTILLEJA ANGUSTIFOLIA t Plant used for stomach troubles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Navaho-Ramah Hunting medicine. CASTILLEJA MINIATA t Paintbrush Plant used with any witchcraft plant to protect hunters. . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Witchcraft medicine. CASTILLEJA MINIATA t Paintbrush Plant used in a drink and in lotion as protection from witches. Castilleja stenantha Scrophulariaceae Kawaiisu Dermatological aid. Indian paintbrush Decoction of leaves used as a wash for sores. Catabro8a aquatica Poaceae Shoshone Stimulant. Decoction of plant taken as a stimulant or tonic. Shoshone Tonic. Decoction of plant taken as a stimulant or tonic. Caulanthus cmssicaulis Brassicaceae Shoshone Blood medicine. Infusion of root taken as a blood tonic. Caulophyllum thalictroide8 Berberidaceae Cherokee Anticonvulsive. Cohosh, blue Syrup or decoction of root given for "fits and hysterics." Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Cohosh, blue Root used for rheumatism; also, leaves rubbed on "oak-poison." Cherokee Dermatological aid. Cohosh, blue Root used for rheumatism; also, leaves rubbed on "oak-poison." Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Cohosh, blue Taken for "colics and nerves;" also, root ooze held in mouth for toothache. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Cohosh, blue Promotes childbirth; also, relieves inflammation of womb. Cherokee Sedative. Cohosh, blue Syrup or decoction of root given for "fits and hysterics." Cherokee Toothache remedy. Cohosh, blue Root ooze held in mouth for toothache. Chippewa Analgesic. Cohosh, blue · Compound decoction of root taken for cramps. Chippewa Antihemorrhagic. Cohosh, blue · Infusion of scraped root taken for biliousness and for lung hemorrhages. Chippewa Emetic. Cohosh, blue Infusion of scraped root taken as an emetic. . . . . . . . · Chippewa Gast-intestinal aid. Cohosh, blue Compound decoction of root taken for stomach cramps. · Compound infusion of root taken for indigestion. · Infusion of scraped root taken for biliousness and for lung hemorrhages. · Chippewa Pulmonary aid. Cohosh, blue Decoction of root taken for lung trouble. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ·

106

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Genera

(81:53) (23:76) (60:63) (60:63) (60:63) (60:63) (60:63) (60:63) (60:63) (60:63) (61:53) (23:96) (84:44) (84:44) (92:17) (81:53) (81:53) (81:53) (35:30) (35:30) (35:30) (35:30) (35:30) (35:30) (35:30) (21:344) (21:346) (21:346) (21:344) (21:342) (21:346) (21:340)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Caulophyllum

Table 1: Genera - Cavlophyllum thalictroides Berberidaceae

Fox Gynecological aid. Cohosh, blue Decoction of root taken as a remedy for profuse menstruation. Fox Urinary aid. Cohosh, blue Decoction of root taken by men as a genito-urinary remedy. Iroquois Antirheumatic - Ext. Cohosh, blue Infusion of roots used as a foot and leg bath for rheumatism. Iroquois Antirheumatic - Int. Cohosh, blue Compound decoction taken for rheumatism. . . . . . . . Iroquois Emetic. Cohosh, blue Infusion of smashed roots taken to vomit for gall stones. Iroquois Febrifuge. Cohosh, blue Decoction of roots taken for any kind of fever. . . . . . . Iroquois Liver aid. Cohosh, blue Infusion of smashed roots taken to vomit for gall stones. Iroquois Tonic. Cohosh, blue Roots used as a tonic. No preparation indicated. Menominee Gynecological aid. Cohosh, blue Decoction of root taken to suppress profuse menstruation. Mohegan Kidney aid. Cohosh, blue Root used to make a medicine for kidney disorders; root "very rare." Ojibwa Analgesic. Cohosh, blue Root used to relieve stomach cramps accompanying painful menstruation. Ojibwa Emetic. Cohosh, blue Decoction of root taken as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ojibwa Gynecological aid. Cohosh, blue Root used to relieve stomach cramps accompanying painful menstruation. Omaha Febrifuge. Cohosh, blue Decoction of root given for fevers; considered highly effective. Plant used for fevers. . . . . . . . . Ponca Febrifuge. Cohosh, blue Decoction of root given for fevers. Potawatomi Gynecological aid. Cohosh, blue Infusion of root taken to suppress profuse menstruation & aid in childbirth. Ceanothus americanus Rhamnaceae Alabama Orthopedic aid. New Jersey tea Decoction of root used as a wash for injured legs or feet. Decoction of roots used as a bath for injured feet and legs. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. New Jersey tea Infusion of root held on aching tooth; also, taken for "bowel complaint." Cherokee Toothache remedy. New Jersey tea Infusion of root held on aching tooth; also, taken for "bowel complaint." Chippewa Gast-intestinal aid. New Jersey tea Infusion of roots taken for constipation with bloating & shortness of breath. Chippewa Laxative. New Jersey tea Infusion of roots taken for constipation with bloating & shortness of breath. Chippewa Pulmonary aid. New Jersey tea Infusion of roots taken for pulmonary troubles. . ............... . Chippewa Respiratory aid. New Jersey tea Infusion of roots taken for constipation with bloating & shortness of breath. Fox Antidiarrheal. New Jersey tea Boiled root chewed as main remedy for flux. Fox Dermatological aid. New Jersey tea Root and bark are strongly astringent. . .. Fox Gast-intestinal aid. New Jersey tea Root used to treat bowel troubles; strongly astringent with great powers. Fox Snake bite remedy. New Jersey tea Root used to cure snake bite. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Abortifacient. New Jersey tea Decoction of roots taken for suppressed menses from catching cold. Decoction taken as an abortifacient when fetus is hurt within 2 or 3 months. Iroquois Antidiarrheal. New Jersey tea Compound decoction of plants taken for diarrhea. Iroquois Blood medicine. New Jersey tea Infusion of roots taken for the blood and colds. Iroquois Cold remedy. New Jersey tea Infusion of roots taken for the blood and colds. Iroquois Dermatological aid. New Jersey tea Powdered bark applied to open sores caused by venereal disease. Iroquois Misc disease remedy. New Jersey tea Compound decoction of dried roots given to children with "summer complaint."

Genera

(62:205) (62:205) (37:26) (37:26) (37:26) (37:26) (37:26) (37:26) (61:25) (78:71,128) (63:358) (63:358) (63:358) (30:83) (28:335) (30:83) (64:43) (75:664) (79:40) (35:46) (35:46) (31:136) (31:136) (31:136) (31:136) (62:240,241) (62:240,241) (62:240,241) (62:240,241) (37:381) (37:381) (37:382) (37:382) (37:382) (37:381) (37:382)

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107

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Ceanothus

Table 1: Genera - Ceanoth:us americanus Rhamnaceae Iroquois Misc disease remedy. New Jersey tea Compound decoction of plants taken for sugar diabetes. Iroquois Oral aid. New Jersey tea Decoction of bark used as a wash for sore roof of the mouth. Iroquois Pediatric aid. New Jersey tea Compound decoction of dried roots given to children with "summer complaint." Iroquois Urinary aid. New Jersey tea Decoction of roots taken by women with urinating problems caused by colds. Iroquois Venereal aid. New Jersey tea Decoction of roots taken for venereal disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Menominee Cough medicine. New Jersey tea Decoction of root taken for cough with a "tendency to consumption." Menominee Gast-intestinal aid. New Jersey tea Infusion of roots used as a cure-all for stomach troubles. . . . . . . . . Ceanothus fendlen Rhamnaceae Navaho Sedative. New Jersey tea Compound infusion taken and poultice of plants applied for nervousness. Navaho-Kayenta Ceremonial medicine. Plant used as a Plumeway emetic. Navaho-Kayenta Emetic. Plant used as a Plumeway emetic. Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Buckbrush Leaves and stems used as an emetic in various ceremonies. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Buckbrush Leaves and stems used as an emetic in various ceremonies. Ceanothus integemmus Rhamnaceae Karok Gynecological aid. Deer brush Plant used by women who have suffered an injury in childbirth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ceanothus ovatus Rhamnaceae Chippewa Cough medicine. New Jersey tea Decoction of root. taken as a cough remedy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ceanothus sanguineus Rhamnaceae Sanpoil Dermatological aid. Buckbrush Poultice of "sap wood" sprinkled on grease or oil applied to sores or wounds. . . . . . . . Ceanothus ff[J. Rhamnaceae Choctaw Antihemorrhagic. Decoction of roots taken for lung hemorrhages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Decoction of roots taken in small doses for hemorrhage of the lungs. Choctaw Pulmonary aid. ( Decoction of roots taken for lung hemorrhages. . . . . . . . . . ... . Decoction of roots taken in small doses for "hemorrhage from the lungs." Costanoan Dermatological aid. Decoction of plant used as a wash for facial blemishes and for the hair. Ceanothus velutinus Rhamnaceae Karok Dermatological aid. Tobacco brush Leaves used as a deodorant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Okanagan Analgesic. Snowbrush Decoction of stems and leaves used internally and externally for dull pains. Shuswap Insecticide. Buckbrush Smoke from plant used to kill bedbugs. Shuswap Misc disease remedy. Buckbrush Decoction of plants taken for the fiu. . Thompson Ind Analgesic. Snowbrush Decoction of stems and leaves used internally and externally for dull pains. Thompson Ind Analgesic. Decoction of stem and leaf taken & used as a wash for dull pains in the body.. Thompson Ind Venereal aid. Compound decoction of branches taken to cure mild forms of gonorrhea. Celastrus scandens Celastraceae Cherokee Analgesic. Bittersweet Strong compound infusion used for pain of childbirth. . . . . . . . . Cherokee Antirheumatic - Ext. Bittersweet Root chewed for cough; thorny branch used to scratch rheumatism. Cherokee Cough medicine. Bittersweet Root chewed for cough; thorny branch used to scratch rheumatism. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Bittersweet Leaves are highly astringent; decoction taken for bowel complaint. Used as wash for "foul ulcers." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Bittersweet Infusion of bark used to settle stomach; decoction given for bowel complaint.

108

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Genera

· (37:382) · (37:382) (37:382) (37:381) (37:381) · (22:130) (61:49) (23:62) (91:31) (91:31) (84:36) (84:36) . (58:386) . (21:340) . (51:217)

(79:40) . (8:24) (79:40) (8:24) (5:22) · (58:386) (48:40) (47:65) (47:65) (48:40) (71:457) (71:457) (35:25) (35:25) (35:25) (35:25) (35:25) (35:25)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Celastrus

Table 1: Genera -Celastrus scandens Celastraceae Cherekee Gynecelegical aid. Bittersweet Strong infusien cembined with red raspberry leaves fer pains ef childbirth. Chippewa Cancer treatment. Bittersweet Beiled roets used as an eintment fer cancer er any ebstinate sere. Chippewa Cathartic. Bittersweet Decectien ef reet used as a physic, especially fer babies. .. . . . . Chippewa Dermatelegical aid. Bittersweet Beiled reets used as an eintment fer cancer er any ebstinate sere. Decectien ef stalk applied to. skin "eruptiens." . Chippewa Diuretic. Bittersweet Decectien ef reet taken fer "steppage ef urine." Chippewa Pediatric aid. Bittersweet Decectien ef reet used as a physic, especially fer babies. Creek Analgesic. Bittersweet Plant used by wemen with urinary treuble er pain in small ef back. Creek Gynecelegical aid. Bittersweet Plant used by wemen with urinary treuble er pain in small ef back. Creek Orthepedic aid. Bittersweet Plant used by wemen with urinary treuble er pain in small ef back. Creek Urinary aid. Bittersweet Plant used by wemen with urinary treuble er pain in small ef back. Delaware-Ont Tuberculosis remedy. Bittersweet, climbing Roet used in medicine taken fer censumptien. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fox Analgesic. Bittersweet, climbing Cempeund centaining reet used fer ''the relief ef wemen in laber." Fox Gynecelegical aid. Bittersweet, climbing Cempeund centaining reet used fer "the relief ef wemen in laber." Irequeis Abertifacient. Bittersweet, climbing _ Decectien ef reets taken by yeung girls who. catch celd and den't menstruate. Infusien ef leaves and stems taken as a regulater by wemen. . . . . . . . Irequeis Bleed medicine. Bittersweet, climbing Cempeund decectien ef plants taken to. make bleed er fer watery bleed. Iroqueis Celd remedy. Bittersweet, climbing Decectien ef reets taken by yeung girls who. catch celd and den't menstruate. Irequeis Diuretic. Bittersweet, climbing Infusien ef leaves and stems taken as a diuretic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Irequeis Febrifuge. Bittersweet, climbing Infusien ef leaves & stems taken to. reduce fever and sereness frem pregnancy.. Irequeis Gynecelegical aid. Bittersweet, climbing Infusien ef leaves & stems taken to. reduce fever and sereness frem pregnancy.. Irequeis Kidney aid. Bittersweet, climbing Cempeund decectien ef reets and bark taken fer drepsy er watery bleed. Infusien ef reets taken fer kidney treuble fellewing childbirth. Irequeis Other. Bittersweet, climbing Decectien ef reets used as a wash en lips ef bad children. ... Irequeis Pediatric aid. Bittersweet, climbing Decectien ef reets used as wash en lips er gums ef bad er teething children. Irequeis Peisen. Bittersweet, climbing Berries are peiseneus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iro.queis Teethache remedy. Bittersweet, climbing Decectien ef reets used as a wash en lips and gums ef teething child. Irequeis Urinary aid. Bittersweet, climbing Infusien ef leaves and stems taken to. cerrect urine steppage. Oglala Peisen. Bittersweet Plant believed to. be peiseneus. . . . . . . . . Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. Bittersweet, climbing Berries used fer stemach treuble. Ojibwa Unspecified. Wax werk Plant used fer medicinal purpeses. Celtis laevigata Ulmaceae Heuma Threat aid. Hackberry Decectien ef bark taken fer sere threat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heuma Venereal aid. Hackberry Cempeund decectien ef bark with pewdered shells taken fer venereal disease. Celtis occidentalis Ulmaceae Fox Veterinary aid. Hackberry Inner bark fed to. penies as a cenditiener. Heuma Threat aid. Hackberry Decectien ef bark taken fer sere threat. .

Genera

(35:25) (31:135) (21:344) (31:135) (21:350) (21:348) (21:344) (75:661) (75:661) (75:661) (75:661) . (77:66,82) (62:208,209) (62:208,209) . (37:376) (37:376) (37:376) (37:376) (37:376) (37:376) (37:376) (37:376) (37:376) (37:376) (37:376) (37:376) (37:376) (37:376) (30:102) (63:362) (52:233) (68:57) (68:57) (62:250) (68:57)

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109

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Celtis

Table 1: Genera -Celtis occidentalis Ulmaceae Houma Venereal aid. Hackberry Compound decoction of bark with powdered shells taken for venereal disease. Iroquois Abortifacient. Hackberry Decoction taken "for suppressed menses in girls, cause: working in the sun." Iroquois Cold remedy. Hackberry Compound decoction taken by ''women when they catch cold with the menses." Iroquois Gynecological aid. Hackberry Decoction of bark used as ''woman's medicine" and regulates menses. . . . . . . Celtis reticulata Ulmaceae Navaho-Kayenta Gast-intestinal aid. Plant used for indigestion. Centaurea americana Asteraceae Kiowa Dermatological aid. Star thistle, American Poultice of leaves applied to skin sores. Centaurea melitensis Asteraceae Mahuna Kidney aid. Star thistle, American Plant used for the kidneys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Centaurea 1f[J. Asteraceae Rappahannock Dermatological aid. Batchelor buttons Bruised leaves used as a salve for sores. Centaurium muehlenbergii Gentianaceae Mahuna Febrifuge. ERYTHAEA MUEHLENBERGII Infusion of plants taken for constipation caused by fever of the stomach. Mahuna Gast-intestinal aid. ERYTHAEA MUEHLENBERGII Infusion of plants taken for constipation caused by fever of the stomach. Mahuna Laxative. ERYTHAEA MUEHLENBERGII Infusion of plants taken for constipation caused by fever of the stomach. Centaurium venusta Gentianaceae Luisenos Febrifuge. ERYTHRAEA VENUSTA Canchalagua Infusion of plant taken for fevers. Centunculus Bp. Primulaceae Mahuna Venereal aid. Pimpernel Infusion of plant taken for gonorrhea when the bladder and urinal tract fail. . . . . . . . . . Cephalanthus occidentalis Rubiaceae Chickasaw Eye medicine. Button bush Poultice of warmed roots applied to the head for eye troubles. . . . . .. Choctaw Antidiarrheal. Button bush Strong decoction of tree bark taken as a favorite medicine for dysentery. Choctaw Eye medicine. Button bush Decoction of bark used as a bath for sore eyes. Choctaw Eye medicine. Decoction of bark used as wash for sore eyes . . Choctaw Febrifuge. Button bush Bark of the root and of the tree used as a tonic and as a febrifuge. Choctaw Tonic. Button bush Bark of the root and of the tree used as a tonic and as a febrifuge. Choctaw Toothache remedy. Button bush Bark chewed for toothaches. Choctaw Toothache remedy. Bark chewed to relieve toothache. . .. Fox Emetic. Button bush Inner bark used as an emetic; very important medicine. Kiowa Antihemorrhagic. Button bush Decoction of roots taken for hemorrhages. Koasati Antirheumatic - Int. Button bush Decoction of leaves taken for rheumatism. Koasati Orthopedic aid. Button bush Decoction of roots taken for enlarged muscles. Cerastium arvense Caryophyllaceae Iroquois Gynecological aid. Chickweed, field Decoction of plant taken for injuries and miscarriage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Decoction taken to "stop bleeding & stops child from passing through uterus." Iroquois Other. Chickweed, field Decoction of plant used as an astringent. Ceramium beer';ngianum CaryophyUaceae Navaho-Ramah Veterinary aid. Chickweed, mouse ear Cold infusion of plant used to treat eye trouble in a sheep or horse. Cerastium vulgatum Caryophyllaceae Cherokee Anthelmintic. CERASTIUM HOLOSTEOIDES Chickweed, common Compound infusion of stem and root given to children for worms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

110

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Genera

(68:57) (37:306) (37:306) (37:306) (91:18) (85:58) (55:69) (69:33) (55:8) (55:8) (55:8) (65:230) (55:70) (79:58) (9:287) (79:58) . (8:24) (9:287) (9:287) (79:58) . (8:24) (62:243) (85:51) (79:58) (79:58) (37:317) (37:317) (37:317) (84:26) (35:29)

Cerastium

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Cerastium 'lJUlgatum Caryophyllaceae Cherokee Pediatric aid. CERASTIUM HOLOSTEOIDES Chickweed, common (35:29) Compound infusion of stem and root given to children for worms. Cercis canadensis Fabaceae Alabama Febrifuge. Redbud (79:31) Cold infusion of roots and inner bark taken for congestion and fever. Alabama Pulmonary aid. Redbud (75:665) Infusion of root and inner bark taken for congestion. . . . . . . . . . . Alabama Respiratory aid. Redbud (79:31) Cold infusion of roots and inner bark taken for congestion and fever. Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Redbud (35:52) Infusion of bark given for whooping cough. . . . . . . . . . Delaware-Okl Antiemetic. Redbud Infusion of bark taken to reduce fever and stop vomiting. . (77:25,74) Delaware-Okl Febrifuge. Redbud Infusion of bark taken to reduce fever and stop vomiting. . (77:25,74) Cercis occidentalis Fabaceae Mendocino Ind Febrifuge. Redbud Bark used for chills and fever. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (16:356) Cercocarpus betuloides Rosaceae Kawaiisu Cough medicine. Mountain mahogany, birchl'f (92:18) Decoction of roots used for coughing. Kawaiisu Other. Mountain mahogany, birchl'f (92:18) Decoction of roots used for internal ills. Mahuna Venereal aid. CERCOCARPUS BETULAEFOLIUS American mahogany (55:70) Infusion of bark and roots taken for venereal disease or gonorrhea gleet. Cercocarpus ledifolius Rosaceae Gosiute Burn dressing. Mountain mahogany (14:365) Charred wood powder applied to burns. . . . . . . . (14:350) Poultice of powdered green wood applied to burns. Kawaiisu Ear medicine. Mountain mahogany, curl leaf (92:18) Dried, powdered plant exudation applied for earaches. Kawaiisu Gynecological aid. Mountain mahogany, curl leaf (92:18) Decoction of bark and leaves taken for ''women's disease." Kawaiisu Venereal aid. Mountain mahogany, curl leaf (92:18) Decoction of bark taken for gonorrhea. . . Paiute Analgesic. Mountain mahogany · (81:53-55) Decoction of bark taken for stomachaches. Paiute Antidiarrheal. Mountain mahogany · (81:53-55) Compound infusion of scraped bark given for children's diarrhea. · (81:53-55) Decoction of bark taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . Paiute Blood medicine. Mountain mahogany · (81:53-55) Cold decoction of bark taken as a blood tonic. Paiute Burn dressing. Mountain mahogany Powder or paste of bark or wood applied to sores, cuts, burns, or wounds. · (81:53-55) Paiute Cold remedy. Mountain mahogany · (81:53-55) Decoction or infusion of dried bark or leaves taken for colds and coughs. Paiute Cough medicine. Mountain mahogany · (81:53-55) Decoction of bark or infusion of bark or leaves taken for coughs & colds. Paiute Dermatological aid. Mountain mahogany · (81:53-55) Powder or paste of bark or wood applied to sores, cuts, burns, or wounds. Paiute Gast-intestinal aid. Mountain mahogany · (81:53-55) Decoction of bark taken for stomachaches and stomach ulcers. Paiute Heart medicine. Mountain mahogany · (81:53-55) Decoction of leaves or bark taken for heart disorders. . . . . . . Paiute Pediatric aid. Mountain mahogany · (81:53-55) Compound infusion of scraped bark given for children's diarrhea. Paiute Pulmonary aid. Mountain mahogany · (81:53-55) Decoction of bark taken for pneumonia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Tuberculosis remedy. Mountain mahogany · (81:53-55) Simple or compound decoction of dried bark used as a remedy for tuberculosis. Paiute Venereal aid. Mountain mahogany · (81:53-55) Decoction of bark taken for venereal diseases. · (81:53-55) Pulverized wood sprinkled on syphilitic sores. Shoshone Antidiarrheal. Mountain mahogany · (81:53-55) Compound infusion of scraped bark given for children's diarrhea. Shoshone Blood medicine. Mountain mahogany · (81:53-55) Cold decoction of bark taken as a blood tonic. . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Burn dressing. Mountain mahogany · (81:53-55) Powder or paste of bark or wood applied to sores, cuts, burns, or wounds.

Genera

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111

Cercocarpus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Cercocarpus ledi/olius Rosaceae Shoshone Cold remedy. Mountain mahogany Decoction of bark taken for coughs and colds. Shoshone Cough medicine. Mountain mahogany Decoction of bark taken for coughs and colds. Shoshone Dermatological aid. Mountain mahogany Poultice of pulverized leaves and bark applied to swellings. Powder or paste of bark or wood applied to sores, cuts, burns, or wounds. Shoshone Eye medicine. Mountain mahogany Strained decoction of inner bark used as a wash for eye diseases. Shoshone Heart medicine. Mountain mahogany Decoction of leaves or bark taken for heart disorders. . Shoshone Misc disease remedy. Mountain mahogany Infusion of inner bark taken for diphtheria. . . . . . . . Shoshone Pediatric aid. Mountain mahogany Compound infusion of scraped bark given for children's diarrhea. Shoshone Tuberculosis remedy. Mountain mahogany Compound decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis. Shoshone Unspecified. Mountain mahogany Decoction of soft inner bark taken for unspecified purpose. Shoshone Venereal aid. Mountain mahogany Compound decoction of bark taken as an "unfailing cure for syphilis." Cercocarpus montanus Rosaceae Navaho Gast-intestinal aid. Mountain mahogany Roots and bark used for stomach troubles. . ................... . Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Mountain mahogany, alderl'f Compound decoction of leaves taken & as lotion for sickness from overeating. Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. Mountain mahogany, alderl'f Decoction of plant used to hasten postpartum recovery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Hunting medicine. Mountain mahogany, alderl'f Leaves from shrubs browsed by deer chewed by hunter for good luck in hunting. Navaho-Ramah Other. Mountain mahogany, alderl'f Root used as "life medicine." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tewa Laxative. Mountain mahogany Cold infusion of plant or leaves taken as a laxative. Chaenactis douglasii Asteraceae Gosiute Analgesic. Mashed plant rubbed on limbs for soreness or aching. Gosiute Orthopedic aid. Mashed plant rubbed on limbs for soreness or aching. Okanagan Dermatological aid. Infusion used as wash for chapped hands, pimples, boils, tumors & swellings. Okanagan Snake bite remedy. Infusion of plant used as wash for insect and snake bites. Paiute Cold remedy. Decoction of plant or leaves taken for coughs or colds. Paiute Cough medicine. Decoction of plant or leaves taken for coughs or colds. Paiute Dermatological aid. Poultice of crushed fresh plants or leaves applied to swellings. Poultice of crushed leaves applied to swellings. . . . Paiute Heart medicine. Infusion of plant reported to be a heart depressant. Paiute Orthopedic aid. Poultice of crushed leaves applied to sprains. . . . . Paiute Snake bite remedy. Poultice of pulped leaves and stems applied to rattlesnake bites. Sanpoil Cathartic.· Chaenactis Decoction of roots taken by family of dead one as a purge to avoid illness. Sanpoil Tuberculosis remedy. Chaenactis Decoction of roots taken by family of dead one, to avoid taking consumption. Shoshone Dermatological aid. Poultice of crushed fresh plants or leaves applied to swellings. Shoshone Emetic. Decoction of plant taken as an emetic for indigestion. Shoshone Gast-intestinal aid. Decoction of plant taken as an emetic for indigestion or a sour stomach. Shoshone Kidney aid. Decoction of plants used as a bath for swollen limbs or dropsical conditions. Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Decoction of plant used on various skin conditions and on insect bites. . . .

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Genera

· (81:53-55) · (81:53-55) · (81:53-55) · (81:53-55) · (81:53-55) · (81:53-55) · (81:53-55) · (81:53-55) · . (81:122) · (81:53-55) · (81:53-55) (23:53) (84:30) (84:30) (84:30) (84:30) (54:45) · (14:365) · (14:365) (48:42) (48:42) · (81:55,56) · (81:55,56) · (81:55,56) · . (42:196) · (81:55,56) · . (42:196) · (81:55,56) · (51:221) · (51:221) · (81:55,56) · (81:55,56) · (81:55,56) · (81:55,56) · . (71:473)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Chaenactis

Table 1: Genera - Chaenactis douglasii Asteraceae

Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Decoction of whole plant taken for any kind of swellings. . . . . . . . . . . . . Infusion of plant used as wash for chapped hands, pimples, boils and tumors. Infusion of whole plant taken for swellings. Thompson Ind Gast-intestinal aid. Mild decoction taken as a tonic for the stomach. Thompson Ind Snake bite remedy. Infusion of plant used as wash for insect and snake bites. Strong decoction of entire plant applied to insect and snake bites. Thompson Ind Stimulant. Mild decoction of entire plant taken as a tonic for the stomach & lassitude. Thompson Ind Tonic. Mild decoction taken as a tonic for the stomach and for lassitude. . . . . . . Chaenactis santolinoides Asteraceae Kawaiisu Analgesic. Pincushion flower, perennial Decoction of roots taken for sore chest, sore shoulders & internal soreness. Kawaiisu Orthopedic aid. Pincushion flower, perennial Decoction of roots taken for sore chest, sore shoulders & internal soreness. Chaerophyllum procumbens Apiaceae Chickasaw Emetic. Chervil, spreading Root used as an emetic; also, root is poisonous. Chickasaw Poison. Chervil, spreading Root used as an emetic; also, root is poisonous. Chamaebatiaria millefolium Rosaceae Gosiute Venereal aid. SPIRAEA MILLEFOLIUM Poultice of plant applied or plant used as wash for venereal diseases. Gosiute Venereal aid. Plant used for gonorrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Hunting medicine. Fernbush Leaves rolled in corn husk smoked for good luck in hunting. Paiute Orthopedic aid. Fernbush Compound decoction of young shoots taken as a cure for lumbago. Shoshone Analgesic. Fernbush Decoction of fresh or dried leaves taken for stomachaches or cramps. Shoshone Gast-intestinal aid. Fernbush Decoction of fresh or dried leaves taken for stomachaches or cramps. Chamaecyparis nootkatensis Pinaceae Kwakiutl Antirheumatic - Ext. Cedar, yellow Plant used in sweatbaths for arthritis and rheumatism. Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Cedar, yellow Infusion of branch tips used as a wash for sores and swellings. Poultice of chewed leaves applied to sores. .......... . Sharp boughs rubbed on sores and swellings until skin is broken. Kwakiutl Diaphoretic. Cedar, yellow Plant used in sweatbaths for arthritis and rheumatism. Kwakiutl Kidney aid. Cedar, yellow Compound decoction of leaves applied to swelling on woman's kidney. Kwakiutl Panacea. Cedar, yellow Infusion of branch tips taken for general illness. . . . . . . . . . . Kwakiutl Strengthener. Cedar, yellow Bark ash and oil used as a lotion to give strength to the very ill. Chamaecyparis sp. Pinaceae Bella Coola Adjuvant. CHAMAECYPARIS NOOTKATENSIS t Cypress, yellow Soft bark as cover for poultices of Trautvetteria grandis & Ranunculus acris. Chamaecyparis thyoides Pinaceae S Ojibwa Analgesic. CUPRESSUS THYOIDES Cedar, white Decoction of leaves used as herbal steam for headache and backache. Poultice of crushed leaves and bark applied for headache. . . . . . . . Chamaedaphne calyculata Ericaceae Potawatomi Dermatological aid. Leather leaf Poultice of leaves applied to inflammations. Potawatomi Febrifuge. Leather leaf Infusion of leaves used to treat fevers. Chamaesaracha coronopus Solanaceae Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Plant used for swellings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Other. Compound containing plant used in cases of drowning.

Genera

(71:473) (48:42) (48:42) (71:473) (48:42) (71:473) (71:473) (71:473) (92:19) (92:19) (9:289) (9:289) (14:351) (14:365) (84:30) · (81:56,57) · (81:56,57) · (81:56,57) (82:266) (82:266) (82:266) (82:266) (82:266) (82:266) (82:266) (82:266) (60:49) (39:198) (39:198) (64:56) (64:56) (91:41) (91:41)

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113

Cheilanthes

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Cheilanthes wootoni Polypodiaceae

Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Fern, lip Cold infusion of plant used as lotion for gunshot wounds. Navaho-Ramah Other. Fern, lip Plant used as "life medicine." Chelone glabra Scrophulariaceae Cherokee Anthelmintic. Turtlehead Infusion of blooms taken as laxative; also, taken for fevers and for worms. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Turtlehead Taken to increase appetite; also, used for sores or skin eruptions. Cherokee Dietary aid. Turtlehead Taken to increase appetite; also, used for sores or skin eruptions. Cherokee Febrifuge. Turtlehead Infusion of blooms taken as laxative; also, taken for fevers and for worms. Cherokee Laxative. Turtlehead Infusion of blooms taken as laxative; also, taken for fevers and for worms. Iroquois Liver aid. Turtlehead Compound decoction of roots taken for too much gall. . . . . . Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Turtlehead Infusion of smashed roots taken as an anti-witchcraft medicine. Micmac Contraceptive. Turtlehead Herb used to prevent pregnancy. Chenopodium album Chenopodiaceae Cherokee Dietary aid. Lamb's quarters Cooked salad greens eaten to "keep healthy." Fox Dermatological aid. Lamb's quarters Infusion of root used for urethral itching. Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Pigweed Cold infusion of whole plant taken for diarrhea. Iroquois Burn dressing. Pigweed Compound used 'as salve on burns. . . . . . . . . Iroquois Gynecological aid. Pigweed Compound decoction as wash & applied as poultice when bothered by milk flow. Mendocino Ind Gast-intestinal aid. Pigweed Leaves used for stomachaches. Navaho Dietary aid. Goosefoot Plant used as a nutrient. Navaho-Kayenta Burn dressing. Poultice of plant applied to burns. Potawatomi Misc disease remedy. Lamb's quarters Plant is considered a medicinal food used to prevent or cure scurvy. Chenopodium ambrosioides Chenopodiaceae Creek Febrifuge. Wormseed Plant used for fevers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unspecified plant part used "in cases of fever." Creek Panacea. Wormseed Plant used for "a great many ailments." . . . . Creek Tonic. Wormseed Plant used as a spring tonic. . . . . . . . . . . . Prepared in unspecified manner and used as "a sort of spring tonic." Houma Analgesic. Worm grass Poultice of crushed leaves applied to relieve headache. Houma Anthelmintic. Worm grass Decoction of leaves in milk given to children to cure worms. Houma Pediatric aid. Worm grass Decoction of leaves in milk given to children to cure worms. Koasati Anthelmintic. Wormseed Decoction of leaves taken for worms. Mahuna Abortifacient. Roots used for delayed menstrual period. Natchez Anthelmintic. Wormseed Plant given to children with worms. Natchez Febrifuge. Wormseed Plant used for fevers. . . . . . . . . . Natchez Pediatric aid. Wormseed Plant given to children with worms. Rappahannock Anthelmintic. CHENOPODIUM AMBROSIODES Jusum Stewed seeds taken for worms and taken as a tonic. .. Rappahannock Tonic. CHENOPODIUM AMBROSIODES Jusum Stewed seeds taken for worms and taken as a tonic . . . .

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Genera

(84:11) (84:11) (35:59) (35:59) (35:59) (35:59) (35:59) (37:434) (37:434) (15:55) (35:42) (62:209) (37:315) (37:316) (37:315) (16:346) (38:149) (91:20) (64:47) · (79:22) · (75:657) · (75:657) · (79:22) · (75:657) (68:63) (68:63) (68:63) (79:22) (55:14) (79:22) (79:22) (79:22) (69:30) (69:30)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Chenopodium

Table 1: Genera - Chenopodium botrys Chenopodiaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Jerusalem oak Cold infusion taken orally and used to moisten head for colds and headache. Cherokee Anthelmintic. Jerusalem oak Decoction of any part of plant in sweet milk given for worms. . . . . . . . . . . , Cherokee Cold remedy. Jerusalem oak Cold infusion taken orally and used to moisten head for colds and headache. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Jerusalem oak Warm infusion of root taken in winter for "fever diseases." . . . . . . . . . . . Chenopodium califomicum Chenopodiaceae Costanoan Orthopedic aid. Decoction of root applied as a poultice for numb or paralyzed limbs. Kawaiisu Dermatological aid. Soap plant Plant used as a hair wash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kawaiisu Emetic. Soap plant Decoction of leaves and stems taken as an emetic. Kawaiisu Poison. Soap plant Plant is poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chenopodium capitatum Chenopodiaceae Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Plant used as a lotion for head bruises or black eyes. Navaho-Kayenta Eye medicine. Plant used as a lotion for head bruises or black eyes. Potawatomi Pulmonary aid. Strawberry blite Juice of seeds and infusion of plant used to treat lung congestion. Chenopodium graveolens Chenopodiaceae Navaho-Ramah Other. Cold infusion taken to give protection in warfare. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chenopodium sp. Chenopodiaceae Paiute Emetic. CHENOPODIUM ALBA Pigweed, white Leaf chewed as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zuni Analgesic. CHENOPODIUM CORNUTUM Plant steeped in water and the vapor inhaled to relieve headache. Zuni Herbal steam. CHENOPODIUM CORNUTUM Plant steeped in water and the vapor inhaled to relieve headache. ChimaphiJa maculata Pyrolaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Wintergreen, spotted Poultice of root used for pain; also, infusion of leaves for colds & fevers. Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Wintergreen, spotted Tops and roots used for urinary problems; also, used for rheumatism. Cherokee Cancer treatment. Wintergreen, spotted Used as a wash for scrofula, cancer, ulcers; decoction for tetter & ringworm. Cherokee Cold remedy. Wintergreen, spotted Poultice of root used for pain; also, infusion of leaves for colds & fevers. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Wintergreen, spotted Used as a wash for scrofula, cancer, ulcers; decoction for tetter & ringworm. Cherokee Emetic. Wintergreen, spotted Infusion given to make baby vomit; also, poultice of root used for pain. Cherokee Febrifuge. Wintergreen, spotted Poultice of root used for pain; also, infusion of leaves for colds & fevers. Cherokee Pediatric aid. Wintergreen, spotted Infusion given to make baby vomit; also, poultice of root used for pain. Cherokee Poison. Wintergreen, spotted Infusion given for "milksick;" also, used to kill rats. . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Tuberculosis remedy. Wintergreen, spotted Used as a wash for scrofula, cancer, ulcers; decoction for tetter & ringworm. Cherokee Urinary aid. Wintergreen, spotted Tops and roots used for urinary problems; also, used for rheumatism. Cherokee Veterinary aid. Wintergreen, spotted Infusion given for "milksick;" also, used to kill rats. Nanticoke Misc disease remedy. Wintergreen, spotted Plant used to treat ague. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ChimaphiJa umbellata Pyrolaceae Blackfeet Other. Pipsissewa Dried leaves used as the favorite smoking tobacco. Catawba Analgesic. Pipsissewa Plant used for backaches. Catawba Orthopedic aid. Pipsissewa Plant used for backaches. Chippewa Eye medicine. Pipsissewa Decoction of root used as drops for sore eyes.

Genera

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(35:41) (35:41) (35:41) (35:41) . (5:11) (92:19) (92:19) (92:19) (91:21) (91:21) (64:47) (84:25) (73:317) (72:45) (72:45) (35:62) (35:62) (35:62) (35:62) (35:62) (35:62) (35:62) (35:62) (35:62) (35:62) (35:62) (35:62) (77:84) (45:277) (79:47) (79:47) (21:360)

115

Chimaphila

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Chimaphila umbellata Pyrolaceae Chippewa Venereal aid. CIMAPHILA UMBELLATA Pipsissewa Plant used for gonorrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware-Okl Blood medicine. Pipsissewa Compound containing plant taken as a blood purifier. Delaware-Ok! Dermatological aid. Pipsissewa Infusion of plant applied to blisters. . . . . . . . . . . Delaware-Ok! Expectorant. Pipsissewa Compound containing plant taken to help remove mucous from the lungs. Delaware-Okl Tuberculosis remedy. Pipsissewa Compound containing plant taken for "scrofula." . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware-Ok! Urinary aid. Pipsissewa Compound containing plant used to treat inflammation of the bladder. Iroquois Adjuvant. Pipsissewa Plant mixed with any medicine; a medicine strengthener. Iroquois Analgesic. Pipsissewa Compound decoction of roots taken for urinating pain. Iroquois Anthelmintic. Pipsissewa Infusion of plants given to babies with worms. Iroquois Antirheumatic - Int. Pipsissewa Compound decoction of plants taken for rheumatism. Iroquois Blood medicine. Pipsissewa Decoction of roots or stems taken to purify bad blood or for blood chills. Iroquois Cancer treatment. Pipsissewa Decoction of stalks and roots taken for cancer of the stomach. . . . . . . Iroquois Dermatological aid. Pipsissewa Infusion of dried roots taken for pimples and sores on the face and neck. Iroquois Diuretic. Pipsissewa Leaves and stems used as a diuretic. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Febrifuge. Pipsissewa Infusion of plants taken by feverish and drowsy pregnant women. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Pipsissewa Compound decoction of bark and roots taken to induce pregnancy. Compound infusion of leaves and bark taken for miscarriage. . . . Infusion of plants taken by feverish and drowsy pregnant women. Iroquois Kidney aid. Pipsissewa Compound decoction of roots taken for the kidneys and dropsy. Iroquois Laxative. Pipsissewa Compound decoction of roots taken as a laxative. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Pipsissewa Infusion of plants given to babies with worms. Iroquois Stimulant. Pipsissewa Infusion of plants taken by feverish and drowsy pregnant women. Iroquois Tonic. Pipsissewa Compound decoction of roots and bark taken as a tonic. Iroquois Urinary aid. Pipsissewa Compound decoction of roots taken for urinating pain. Iroquois Venereal aid. Pipsissewa Compound decoction taken as blood purifier and for venereal disease. Karok Orthopedic aid. Prince's pine Poultice of plant applied or infusion of leaves taken for backaches. Menominee Adjuvant. CHIMAPILA UMBELLATA Prince's pine Plant used as a seasoner to make female remedies taste good. Menominee Blood medicine. Pipsissewa, common Decoction of leaves taken to "clear the blood." . . . . . . . . . Menominee Gynecological aid. Pipsissewa Compound decoction of root taken after childbirth to aid internal healing. Micmac Antirheumatic - Int. Prince's pine Herb used as a blood purifier; also, used for rheumatism. Micmac Blood medicine. Prince's pine Herb used as a blood purifier; also, used for rheumatism. Micmac Dermatological aid. Prince's pine Herb used to treat blisters; also, used for "cold in bladder." Micmac Gast-intestinal aid. Prince's pine Herb used to treat smallpox; also, used for stomach trouble. Micmac Kidney aid. Prince's pine Herb used to treat consumption; also, used for kidney trouble. Micmac Misc disease remedy. Prince's pine Herb used to treat smallpox; also, used for stomach trouble. Micmac Tuberculosis remedy. Prince's pine Herb used to treat consumption; also, used for kidney trouble.

116

•

Genera

· . (31:138) · (77:29,74) · (77:29,74) · (77:29,74) · (77:29,74) · (77:29,74) (37:408) (37:407) (37:407) (37:408) (37:407) (37:407) (37:407) (37:407) (37:407) (37:407) (37:407) (37:407) (37:408) (37:407) (37:407) (37:407) (37:408) (37:407) (37:407) (58:387) (61:35) (22:129) (22:133) (15:56) (15:56) (15:56) (15:56) (15:56) (15:56) (15:56)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Chimaphila

Table 1: Genera -ChimaphiJa umbellata Pyrolaceae Micmac Urinary aid. Prince's pine Herb used to treat blisters; also, used for "cold in bladder." Mohegan Dermatological aid. Pipsissewa Infusion of leaves applied to blisters. Infusion of plant applied to blisters. Montagnais Diaphoretic. Prince's pine Decoction of plant taken to induce sweating. Nanticoke Misc disease remedy. Pipsissewa Infusion of plant taken to treat ague. . . . . . Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. Prince's pine Infusion of plant used to treat stomach troubles. Okanagan Dermatological aid. Prince's pine Poultice of crushed plant applied to leg and foot swellings. Okanagan Gynecological aid. Prince's pine Plant chewed or infusion of leaves taken by women before & after childbirth. Penobscot Dermatological aid. Prince's pine Infusion of plant applied to blisters. Rappahannock Blood medicine. Ratbane Infusion of roots taken to benefit blood. Rappahannock Dietary aid. Ratbane Infusion of dried roots in brandy taken or chewed for stomach and appetite. Rappahannock Gast-intestinal aid. Ratbane Infusion of dried roots in brandy taken or chewed for stomach and appetite. Rappahannock Tonic. Ratbane Infusion of dried roots in brandy used as a tonic for feeling low. . . . . . . . Rappahannock Veterinary aid. Ratbane Crushed and dried leaves mixed with the feed of mules to remove "bot worms." Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Prince's pine Poultice of crushed plant applied to leg and foot swellings. . . . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Gynecological aid. CHIMAPHILA UMBELLATTA Pipsissewa Plant chewed or infusion of leaves taken by women before & after childbirth. Thompson Ind Gynecological aid. Pipsissewa Plant chewed at childbirth to ease confinement. . . . . . .. Warm decoction of leaves taken before and after childbirth. Thompson Ind Orthopedic aid. Pipsissewa Poultice of crushed fresh plant applied to swellings of legs and feet. Thompson Ind Tonic. Pipsissewa Decoction of leaves taken as a tonic for general indisposition. . . . . Chionanthus virginicus Oleaceae Choctaw Dermatological aid. CHIONANTHUS VIRGINIGA Decoction of roots or bark used as a wash for infected sores and wounds. Poultice of beaten bark applied to cuts and bruises. . ......... . Choctaw Dermatological aid. Decoction of bark as wash, or poultice as dressing, for cuts or bruises. Choctaw Disinfectant. CHIONANTHUS VIRGINICA Decoction of roots used as a wash for infected sores. Koasati Dermatological aid. CHIONANTHUS VIRGINICA Decoction of bark used as a wash for cuts. Chlorogalum pomeridianum Liliaceae Costanoan Dermatological aid. Pounded stalks used as a wash to reduce dandruff. Costanoan Poison. Bulb used as a fish poison. . . . . . . . . . . . Mendocino Ind Dermatological aid. Soaproot Plant used for washing the hair for dandruff. Mendocino Ind Poison. Soaproot Root is poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Porno Dermatological aid. Soap plant Bulb used as a soap for washing the hair and to prevent lice. Porno Dermatological aid. Soaproot Plant juice rubbed on area affected by poison oak. Wailaki Analgesic. Soaproot Bulb rubbed on body for cramps and rheumatism. Wailaki Antirheumatic - Ext. Soaproot Bulb rubbed on body for cramps and rheumatism. Wailaki Carminative. Soaproot Decoction of bulbs taken for stomachaches and gas. Wailaki Dermatological aid. Soaproot Poultice of roasted bulbs used antiseptically for sores.

Genera

..

(15:56)

(78:71,128) (76:265) (66:316) (77:56) . (63:368) (48:42) (48:42) (66:309) (69:26) (69:26) (69:26) (69:26) (69:26) (48:42) (48:41) (71:462) . (71:477) (71:477) (71:477) (79:50) (79:50) . (8:23) (79:50) (79:50) (5:28) (5:28) (16:319) (16:319) (27:12) (16:319) (16:319) (16:319) (16:319) (16:319)

•

117

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Chlorogalum

Table 1: Genera -Chlorogalum pomeridianum Liliaceae Wailaki Disinfectant. Soaproot Poultice of roasted bulbs used antiseptically for sores. Wailaki Diuretic. Soaproot Decoction of bulbs taken as a diuretic and laxative. Wailaki Gast-intestinal aid. Soaproot Decoction of bulbs taken for stomachaches and gas. Wailaki Laxative. Soaproot Decoction of bulbs taken as a diuretic and laxative. Chorizanthe staticoides Polygonaceae Tubatulabal Dermatological aid. Infusion of entire plant used as lotion for pimples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chrysanthemum balsamita Asteraceae Iroquois Ear medicine. Balsam herb Infusion of one smashed leaf used as drops for earaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chrysanthemum leucanthemum Asteraceae Menominee Febrifuge. Daisy, ox eye Plant used to treat fevers. Mohegan Tonic. Daisy, white Compound decoction or infusion of plants taken as a spring tonic. Flowers used to make a tonic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mohegan Tonic. Daisy, wild Wines made from dandelions and white daisies are taken as tonics. Quileute Dermatological aid. Daisy, ox eye Decoction of dried flowers and stems used as a wash for chapped hands. Shinnecock Tonic. Daisy, wild Wines made from dandelions and white daisies are taken as tonics. Chrysanthemum parthenium Asteraceae Cherokee Orthopedic aid. Feverfew Infusion used to bathe swollen feet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mahuna Antirheumatic - Int. CRYSANTHEMUM PARTHENIUM Feverfew, American Plant used for rheumatism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chrysopsis foli08a Asteraceae Cheyenne Sedative. Chickadee plant Infusion of plant tops and stems taken to sleep when feeling generally poor. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Aster, golden Plant used alone as a sweathouse emetic. . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Aster, golden Cold infusion of leaves used to kill a swallowed red ant. Navaho-Ramah Insecticide. Aster, golden Infusion thrown on ant hill to kill red ants. . . . . . . . Chrysopsis graminifolia Asteraceae Choctaw Oral aid. Aster, golden Plant ashes used as powder for mouth sores. Chrysopsis hispida Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Poultice of leaves applied to ant bites or sore nose. Navaho-Ramah Nose medicine. Poultice of leaves applied to sore nose or ant bite. Navaho-Ramah Toothache remedy. Poultice of root applied for toothache. . . . . . Chrysopsis mariana Asteraceae Delaware-Okl Sedative. Aster, golden Infusion of root given to infants to quiet them. Delaware-Okl Tonic. Aster, golden Infusion of root used as a tonic for "sickly children." Chrysopsis 1f{J. Asteraceae Cheyenne Disinfectant. CHRYSOPSIS VILLOSA Aster, hairy golden Plant burned as incense to remove evil spirits from the house. Choctaw Oral aid. CHRYSOPSIS GRAMINEA Ashes of burned plant used to cure sores in the mouth. Hopi Analgesic. CHRYSOPSIS VILLOSA Infusion of leaves and flowers used to cure chest pain. Navaho-Kayenta Ceremonial medicine. CHRYSOPSIS VILLOSA Plant used in the corral dance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. CHRYSOPSIS VILLOSA Plant used as a ceremonial emetic and chant lotion. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. CHRYSOPSIS VILLOSA Plant used as a ceremonial and sweathouse emetic for various ailments. Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. CHRYSOPSIS VILLOSA Plant used as a sweathouse emetic to treat sexual infection and indigestion.

118

•

Genera

(16:319) (16:319) (16:319) (16:319) . . (86:59) . . (37:472)

..

(61:29)

· . (76:266) (78:72,128) (11:121) (34:49) (11:121) (35:34) (55:60) (33:187) (84:49) (84:49) (84:49) (79:60) (84:49) (84:49) (84:49) · (77:28,74) · (77:28,74) (36:20) . (8:24) (88:95) (91:46) (84:49) (84:49) (84:49)

Chrysopsis

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Heart medicine. CHRYSOPSIS VILLOSA Plant used as "aorta medicine." (84:49) Navaho-Ramah Other. CHRYSOPSIS VILLOSA Root used as "life medicine." . . . . . . . (84:49) Navaho-Ramah Toothache remedy. CHRYSOPSIS VILLOSA Poultice of heated root applied for toothache. (84:49) Navaho-Ramah Venereal aid. CHRYSOPSIS VILLOSA Plant used as a sweathouse emetic to treat sexual infection and indigestion. (84:49) Chrysothamnus depres8U8 Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. Rabbitbrush Decoction of plant used to facilitate labor and delivery of placenta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:49) Chrysothamnus douglasii Asteraceae Hopi Dermatological aid. BIGELOVIA DOUGLASII Poultice of chewed plant tips applied to boils. .. (24:20) Chrysothamnus graveolens Asteraceae Cheyenne Dermatological aid. CHRYSOTHAMNUS NAUSEOSA Decoction of leaves & stem as wash, & taken for sores; especially smallpox. · (32:39,40) Cheyenne Misc disease remedy. CHRYSOTHAMNUS NAUSEOSA Decoction of leaves and stem taken to cure smallpox. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · (32:39,40) Chrysothamnus greenei Asteraceae Navaho Dermatological aid. Rabbitbrush Infusion of plant tops used as a wash for chickenpox and measles eruptions. (23:83) Navaho Misc disease remedy. Rabbitbrush Infusion of plant tops used as a wash for chickenpox and measles eruptions. (23:83) Chrysothamnus nauseo8U8 Asteraceae Cheyenne Cold remedy. Rabbitbrush Infusion of flower parts taken or burning plant smoke inhaled for colds. (36:20) Cheyenne Cough medicine. Rabbitbrush (36:20) Infusion of flower parts taken for coughs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cheyenne Dermatological aid. Infusion of leaves and stems used as a wash to heal eruptions or sores. (33:187) Cheyenne Misc disease remedy. Infusion of leaves and stems taken for smallpox. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (33:187) Cheyenne Psychological aid. Rabbitbrush Burning leaf and branch smoke used to drive away the cause of nightmares. (36:20) Cheyenne Tuberculosis remedy. Rabbitbrush Infusion of flower parts taken for tuberculosis. (36:20) Coahuilla Analgesic. BIGILOVIA GRAVEOLENS Infusion of twigs taken for coughs and chest pain. (2:79) Coahuilla Cough medicine. BIGILOVIA GRAVEOLENS Infusion of twigs taken for coughs and chest pain .. (2:79) Klamath Dermatological aid. CHONDROPHORA NAUSEOSA Poultice of smashed herbs applied to blisters. (70:131) Navaho-Kayenta Ceremonial medicine. Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. (91:46) Navaho-Kayenta Emetic. (91:46) Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Rabbitbrush Lotion of leaves for headache; decoction of root for menstrual pain. · (84:49,50) Navaho-Ramah Cathartic. Rabbitbrush Compound decoction of leaves used as a cathartic. · (84:49,50) Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Rabbitbrush Leaves used as a ceremonial emetic. .. (84:49) Navaho-Ramah Cold remedy. Rabbitbrush Strong decoction of root taken for colds. · (84:49,50) Navaho-Ramah Cough medicine. Rabbitbrush Strong decoction of root taken for cough. · (84:49,50) Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Rabbitbrush · (84:49,50) Leaves used as emetic for several ceremonies. Navaho-Ramah Febrifuge. Rabbitbrush Strong decoction of root taken for fever. . . . · (84:49,50) Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. Rabbitbmsh · (84:49,50) Strong decoction of root taken for menstrual pain. Sanpoil Insecticide. Rabbitbrush (51:217) Salve of branches & leaves used on horses to keep horseflies & gnats away. Sanpoil Veterinary aid. Rabbitbrush (51:217) Container of brush lighted and held under horse's nostrils for distemper. (51:217) Salve of branches & leaves used on horses to keep horseflies & gnats away. Shoshone Antidiarrheal. Rabbitbrush (81:57) Decoction of roots and tops taken to stop bloody diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . Chrysopsis 811.

Genera

•

119

Chrysothamnus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Chrysothamnus nauseosus Asteraceae Shoshone Cold remedy. Rabbitbrush Compound decoction of stems taken for coughs and colds. Shoshone Cold remedy. Rabbitbrush, gray Il).fusion of leaves taken for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Cough medicine. Rabbitbrush Compound decoction of stems taken for coughs and colds. Decoction of stems and leaves taken for coughs. Shoshone Gast-intestinal aid. Rabbitbrush, gray Infusion of leaves taken for stomach disorders. Shoshone Tonic. Rabbitbrush, gray Infusion of dried leaves and flowers taken as a general tonic. Tewa Oral aid. CHRYSOTHAMNUS BIGELOVII Rabbitbrush White galls from plants hung around babies' necks to stop dribbling. Tewa Pediatric aid. CHRYSOTHAMNUS BIGELOVII Rabbitbrush White galls from plants hung around babies' necks to stop dribbling. Chrysothamnus parryi Asteraceae Hopi Ceremonial medicine. BIGELOVIA HOWARDII Plant used in initiatory ceremonials. Chrysothamnus sp. Asteraceae Keresan Emetic. Rabbitbrush Infusion taken as an emetic; also, good to stomach trouble. Keresan Gast-intestinal aid. Rabbitbrush Infusion taken as an emetic; also, good for stomach trouble. Chrysothamnus viscidiftorus Asteraceae Navaho Emetic. Rabbitbrush, Douglas Plant used to make a sick person vomit. . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Cold remedy. Rabbitbrush Infusion of crushed leaves taken or used as a wash for colds. Paiute Cold remedy. Rabbitbrush, little Infusion of crushed leaves taken for colds. .. Paiute Cough medicine. Rabbitbrush, little Decoction of young growth taken for coughs. Paiute Diaphoretic. Rabbitbrush, little Branches used as a bed in the sweatbath to relieve rheumatism. Shoshone Antirheumatic - Ext. Rabbitbrush, little Poultice of moistened, crushed stems and leaves applied for rheumatism. Shoshone Misc disease remedy. Rabbitbrush, little Hot compound decoction of plant taken for influenza. Shoshone Toothache remedy. Rabbitbrush, little Finely mashed leaves inserted in tooth cavities for toothaches. Cichorium int:ybus Asteraceae Cherokee Tonic. Chicory Infusion of root used as tonic for nerves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Dermatological aid. Chicory Decoction of roots as wash and poultice applied for chancres and fever sores. Cicuta douglasii Apiaceae Bella Coola Cathartic. Hemlock, water Roots used as a purgative. Kawaiisu Analgesic. Hemlock, water "Mashed root, put on a hot stone, and sore limbs laid directly over it." Kawaiisu Orthopedic aid. Hemlock, water "Mashed root, put on a hot stone, and sore limbs laid directly over it." Kawaiisu Poison. Hemlock, water Plant is poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kwakiut'l Antidiarrheal. Hemlock, water Cold compound infusion of burned, pulverized bark taken for diarrhea. Kwakiutl Cathartic. Hemlock, water Poultice of soaked roots applied to the stomach as a purgative. Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Hemlock, water Poultice of roots applied to draw out thorns and splinters. Kwakiutl Emetic. Hemlock, water Root extract and grease taken to induce vomiting. Kwakiutl Misc disease remedy. Hemlock, water Smashed, steamed, peeled, powdered roots & oil taken for any serious disease .. Kwakiutl Poison. Hemlock, water Plant is highly poisonous. ., Shuswap Poison. Hemlock, water Plant is poisonous. . . . . . .

120

•

Genera

(81:57) (81:57) (81:57) (81:57) (81:57) (81:57) (54:45) (54:45) · (24:20) · (87:563) · (87:563) · (23:84) · (42:197) · (81:57,58) · (81:57,58) · (81:57,58) · (81:57,58) · (81:57,58) · (81:57,58) · (35:29) · (37:476) (60:61) (92:20) (92:20) (92:20) (82:270) (82:276) (82:276) · (82:276) · (82:276) · (82:276) · (47:56)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Cicuta

Table 1: Genera - Oicuta mackenzieana Apiaceae W. Eskimo Poison. CICUTA MACKENZIANA Hemlock, poison water Root "considered to be poisonous to people." W. Eskimo Poison. CICUTA MACKENZIANA Hemlock, water Roots considered poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . Cicuta maculata Apiaceae Cherokee Ceremonial medicine. Cowbane, spotted Root chewed, if dizziness occurred person would die soon, if not, long life. Cherokee Contraceptive. Cowbane, spotted Roots chewed & swallowed by women to become sterile as form of contraception .. Cherokee Insecticide. Cowbane, spotted Infusion of root used to soak corn before planting to repel insect pests. Cherokee Other. Cowbane, spotted Roots eaten for four consecutive days "to become sterile forever." .. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Hemlock, water Poultice of smashed roots applied for lameness, running sores or cuts. Iroquois Disinfectant. Hemlock, water Handling plants causes fitsj decoction used as floor wash to prevent disease. Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Hemlock, water Decoction of plants used on bruises, sprains, sore joints or broken bones. Iroquois Poison. Hemlock, water Roots chewed to commit suicide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Veterinary aid. Hemlock, water Poultice of smashed roots applied to horses for lameness or running sores. Ojibwa Unspecified. Musquash root Root used in medicine for unspecified purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ciruta occidentalis Apiaceae Montana Ind. Poison. Hemlock, water Fleshy roots known as a virulent poison and sometimes used for suicide. Paiute Analgesic. Parsnip, poison Poultice of roasted roots applied to "deaden muscular pain." Paiute Antirheumatic - Ext. Parsnip, poison Poultice of roasted roots applied to rheumatic joints. . Paiute Dermatological aid. Parsnip, poison Poultice of roasted roots applied for ordinary swellings. Paiute Orthopedic aid. Parsnip, poison Poultice of roasted roots applied to "deaden muscular pain." Paiute Snake bite remedy. Parsnip, poison Poultice of pulped root applied to rattlesnake bites to reduce swelling. Shoshone Eye medicine. Parsnip, poison Cool decoction of root used as a wash for sore eyes or granulated lids. Shoshone Orthopedic aid. Parsnip, poison Poultice of roots applied to "deaden muscular pain." Shoshone Poison. Parsnip, poison Pulp of root considered poisonous for open wounds. Cicuta Bp. Apiaceae Mendocino Ind Poison. Hemlock, water Plant is poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Panacea. CICUTA VAGANS Hemlock, water Root eaten to protect against disease and give feeling of "perfect wellness." Thompson Ind Poison. CICUTA VAGANS Hemlock, water Roots known to be poisonous to both humans and animals. Thompson Ind Veterinary aid. CICUTA VAGANS Hemlock, water Roots known to be poisonous to both humans and animals. Cimicifuga rocemosa Ranunculaceae Cherokee Abortifacient. Cohosh, black Used as a tonic, a diuretic, & an anodynej also, to stimulate menstruation. Cherokee Analgesic. Cohosh, black Infusion of root "in spirits" used for rheumatic pains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Used as a tonic, a diuretic, & an anodynej also, to stimulate menstruation. Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Cohosh, black Infusion of root "in spirits" used for rheumatic pains. Infusion of roots in alcoholic spirits used for rheumatism. Cherokee Cold remedy. Cohosh, black Infusion taken for colds, coughs, and "consumptionsj" also, for constipation. Cherokee Cough medicine. Cohosh, black Infusion taken for colds, coughs, and "consumptionsj" also, for constipation. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Cohosh, black Given for fatigue, for hives, and to make babies sleep. Slightly astringentj infusion taken for rheumatism.

Genera

(46:21) (44:17) (35:31) (79:45) (35:31) (35:31) (37:398) (37:398) (37:398) (37:398) (37:398) (63:390) · .. (3:10) · (81:58,59) · (81:58,59) · (81:58,59) · (81:58,59) · (81:58,59) · (81:58,59) · (81:58,59) · (81:58,59) (16:372) (71:476) (71:513) (71:513) ..

(35:30)

· (90:73,74) .. (35:30) · (90:73,74) (35:30) (35:30) (35:30) (35:30) (35:30)

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121

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Cimicifuga

Table 1: Genera -Cimicifuga racemosa Ranunculaceae Cherokee Diuretic. Cohosh, black (35:30) Used as a tonic, a diuretic, & an anodyne; also, to stimulate menstruation. Cherokee Laxative. Cohosh, black (35:30) Infusion taken for colds, coughs, and "consumptions;" also, for constipation. Cherokee Pediatric aid. Cohosh, black (35:30) Given for fatigue, for hives, and to make babies sleep. Cherokee Sedative. Cohosh, black (35:30) Given for fatigue, for hives, and to make babies sleep. Cherokee Stimulant. Cohosh, black (35:30) Given for fatigue, for hives, and to make babies sleep. Cherokee Tonic. Cohosh, black (35:30) Used as a tonic, a diuretic, & an anodyne; also, to stimulate menstruation. Cherokee Tuberculosis remedy. Cohosh, black (35:30) Infusion taken for colds, coughs, and "consumption;" also, for constipation. Delaware-Okl Tonic. Snakeroot, black . (77:32,74) Compound containing root used as a tonic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Antirheumatic - Ext. Cohosh, black Decoction of roots or plants used as a soak and steam bath for rheumatism. · (37:320) Iroquois Blood medicine. Cohosh, black Root used as a blood purifier. No preparation or application indicated. · (37:321) Iroquois Gynecological aid. Cohosh, black (37:320) Infusion of roots taken to "promote the flow of milk in women." Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Cohosh, black (37:320) Smashed leaves as poultice applied to sore back of babies. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Cohosh, black (37:320) Smashed leaves as poultice applied to sore back of babies. Micmac Kidney aid. Cohosh root (15:56) Root used to treat kidney trouble. . . . . . . . . . . Penobscot Kidney aid. Cohosh root Medicine made from root taken for kidney trouble. (66:310,311 ) Cinna arundinacea Poaceae Iroquois Misc disease remedy. Wood reed, stout Compound decoction of plants taken for sugar diabetes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:274) Circaea canadensis Onagraceae Iroquois Dermatological aid. Nightshade, larger enchanter Plant used on wounds. No preparation or application indicated. . . . . . . . . . . · (37:391) Iroquois Other. Nightshade, larger enchanter Compound infusion taken & as wash on injured part; a "Little Water Medicine." · (37:391) Cirsium arvense Asteraceae Mohegan Oral aid. Thistle (78:71,128) Infusion of leaves used as a mouthwash for infants. Mohegan Pediatric aid. Thistle (78:71,128) Infusion of leaves used as a mouthwash for infants. Mohegan Pulmonary aid. Thistle Plant used to treat lung trouble. . ..... . (78:128) Mohegan Tuberculosis remedy. CIRCIUM ARVENSE Thistle Decoction of plant taken for consumption. . . . . . .. (76:269) Montagnais Tuberculosis remedy. CIRCIUM ARVENSE Thistle (76:269) Decoction of plant taken for consumption. (66:314) Decoction of plant used to treat consumption. Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. Thistle, Canada Plant used as a "bowel tonic." . . . . . . . . . . (63:364) Cirsium discolor Asteraceae Fox Analgesic. Thistle, field (62:213) Infusion of root used to cure a stomachache. Fox Gast-intestinal aid. Thistle, field Infusion of root taken for stomachache. (62:213) Iroquois Dermatological aid. Thistle, field Compound decoction of roots taken or poultice of roots applied to boils. (37:475) Iroquois Hemorrhoid remedy. Thistle, field Compound decoction of plants taken for piles. (37:475) Cirsium eatonii Asteraceae Gosiute Dermatological aid. CNICUS EATONI t Thistle Plant used for cuts and sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (14:366) Cirsium horridulum Asteraceae Houma Dermatological aid. Thistle Infusion of leaves and root in whiskey recognized as a strong astringent. (68:57) Houma Expectorant. Thistle Infusion of leaf & root in whiskey taken to clear phlegm from lungs & throat. (68:57)

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Medicinal Plants of Native America

Cirsium

Table 1: Genera - Cirsium horridulum Asteraceae

Houma Throat aid. Thistle Infusion of leaves & root in whiskey taken to clear throat & lungs of phlegm. (68:57) Cirsium neomexica.num Asteraceae Navaho Febrifuge. Plant used for chills and fevers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (23:96) Navaho-Ramah Eye medicine. Thistle, lavender Cold infusion of root used as wash for eye diseases of humans or livestock. (84:50) Navaho-Ramah Other. Thistle, lavender Root used as "life medicine." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:50) Navaho-Ramah Panacea. Thistle, lavender (84:50) Cold infusion of plant taken when one "feels bad allover." Navaho-Ramah Veterinary aid. Thistle, lavender (84:50) Cold infusion of root used as wash for eye diseases of humans or livestock. Cirsium ochrocentrum Asteraceae Zuni Diaphoretic. CARDUUS OCHROCENTRUS Thistle Infusion of whole plant taken as a diaphoretic for syphilis. · (72:44,45) Zuni Diuretic. CARDUUS OCHROCENTRUS Thistle Infusion of whole plant taken as a diuretic for syphilis. .. · (72:44,45) Zuni Emetic. CARDUUS OCHROCENTRUS Thistle Infusion of whole plant taken as an emetic to cure syphilis. · (72:44,45) Zuni Venereal aid. CARDUUS OCHROCENTRUS Thistle · (72:44,45) Infusion of whole plant taken as a cure for syphilis. Oirsium pulchellum Asteraceae Hopi Anthelmintic. Thistle (88:34,95-6) Plant used to rid a patient of worms. Hopi Dermatological aid. Thistle (88:32,95-6) Plant used to cure itching. Hopi Laxative. Thistle (88:34,95-6) Plant used as a laxative. Hopi Throat aid. Thistle (88:34,95-6) Decoction of plant used for tickling throat caused by a cold. Cirsium rothroclcii Asteraceae Navaho-Kayenta Febrifuge. (91:46) Plant used for fevers caused by injuries. . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Misc disease remedy. (91:46) Roots used as a lotion or eaten raw for smallpox. Navaho-Kayenta Other. (91:46) Plant used as a Life medicine. . . . . . . . . . .. . Cirsium sp. Asteraceae Cherokee Unspecified. Thistle (90:74) Roots of various species used as poultices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chippewa Analgesic. Thistle (21:356) Compound decoction of root taken for back pain and "female weakness." Chippewa Gynecological aid. Thistle (21:356) Compound decoction of root taken for back pain and "female weakness." (21:360) Compound infusion of root taken to produce postpartum milk flow. Costanoan Analgesic. (5:26) Raw stalks chewed for stomach pain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Costanoan Dermatological aid. (5:26) Pounded stalk pulp used for face sores or to dry infections. Costanoan Disinfectant. (5:26) Pounded stalk pulp used for face sores or to dry infections. Costanoan Gast-intestinal aid. (5:26) Raw stalks chewed for stomach pain. Costanoan Respiratory aid. (5:26) Decoction of roots taken for asthma. Kiowa Burn dressing. CIRSIUM OCHROCENTRUM t Thistle, yellow spined (85:58) Decoction of blossoms used as wash for burns and sores. . . . . . ... Kiowa Dermatological aid. CIRSIUM OCHROCENTRUM t Thistle, yellow spined (85:58) Decoction of blossoms used as wash for burns and sores. . . . . Kwakiutl Oral aid. Thistle Dried outer root held in the mouth for cankers and gum sores. (82:278) Lummi Gynecological aid. Thistle Decoction of roots and tips taken by women at childbirth. (34:49) Navaho-Ramah Eye medicine. CIRSIUM CALCAREUM Thistle Cold infusion of root used as wash for sore eyes. . . . . . . (84:50) Cirsium undulatum Asteraceae Comanche Venereal aid. Thistle Decoction of root taken for gonorrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (10:521)

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123

Cirsium

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Oirsium undulatum Asteraceae

Navaho-Ramah Eye medicine. (84:50) Cold infusion of root used as wash for eye diseases of humans or livestock. Navaho-Ramah Other. Root used as "life medicine." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:50) Navaho-Ramah Panacea. Cold infusion of plant taken when one "feels bad allover." (84:50) Navaho-Ramah Veterinary aid. Cold infusion of root used as wash for eye diseases of humans or livestock. (84:50) Shuswap Gast-intestinal aid. Thistle Root used for the stomach and the body. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (47:59) Oirs';um 'IlUlgare Asteraceae Delaware-Okl Antirheumatic - Ext. CIRSIUM LANCEOLATUM Thistle, bull . . (77:30,74) Infusion of whole plant used as herbal steam for rheumatism. Delaware-Okl Herbal steam. CIRSIUM LANCEOLATUM Thistle, bull Infusion of roots or twigs used as herbal steam to treat rheumatism. (77:30) Fox Adjuvant. CIRSIUM LANCEOLATUM Thistle, common Root used as a seasoner for medicines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (62:213) Iroquois Cancer treatment. CIRSIUM LANCEOLATUM Thistle, bull Plant used for cancer. No preparation or application indicated. (37:475) Iroquois Hemorrhoid remedy. CIRSIUM LANCEOLATUM Thistle, bull Plant used for bleeding piles. No preparation or application indicated. (37:475) Iroquois Hemostat. CIRSIUM LANCEOLATUM Thistle, bull . Plant used for bleeding piles. No preparation or application indicated. (37:475) Navaho Emetic. CIRSIUM LANCEOLATUM Thistle, bull Decoction of plant taken to induce vomiting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (23:84) Ojibwa Analgesic. CIRSIUM LANCEOLATUM Thistle, common Root used to alleviate stomach cramps in both men and women. (63:364) Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. CIRSIUM LANCEOLATUM Thistle, common Root used to alleviate stomach cramps in both men and women. (63:364) Potawatomi Adjuvant. CIRSIUM LANCEOLATUM Thistle, bull Fresh flower centers chewed to mask unpleasant flavors in medicines. (64:51) Oitrullus 'IlU/garis Cucurbitaceae Cherokee Kidney aid. Watermelon Infusion of seeds taken for kidney trouble; seeds chewed for bedwetting. (35:61) Cherokee Pediatric aid. Watermelon Infusion of seeds taken for kidney trouble; seeds chewed for bedwetting. (35:61) Cherokee Urinary aid. Watermelon Infusion of seeds taken for kidney trouble; seeds chewed for bedwetting. (35:61) Cheyenne Diuretic. Watermelon Decoction of seeds taken as a diuretic. . . . . . . . . . . . (36:24) Chickasaw Urinary aid. Watermelon Decoction of mashed seeds taken for blood in the urine. (79:59) Iroquois Urinary aid. Watermelon Compound decoction of roots and seeds taken for the stoppage of urine. (37:451) Kiowa Poison. Watermelon Unripened plant is poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (85:53) Rappahannock Kidney aid. Watermelon Infusion of seeds taken for gravel (kidney stones) in men or horses. (69:30) Rappahannock Veterinary aid. Watermelon Infusion of seeds taken for gravel (kidney stones) in men or horses. (69:30) Clarkia sp. Onagraceae Mendocino Ind Eye medicine. GODETIA ALBESCENS Decoction of leaves used as a wash for sore eyes. ., . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (16:370) Claytonia sp. Portulacaceae Shoshone Analgesic. CLAYTONIA PERFOLIATA Miner's lettuce Poultice of mashed plants applied for rheumatic pains. . . . . . . . . . (81:59) Shoshone Antirheumatic - Ext. CLAYTONIA PERFOLIATA Miner's lettuce Poultice of plants applied as a counter-irritant for rheumatic pains. (81:59) Tlingit Venereal aid. CLAYTONIA ALSINOIDES Compound poultice of leaves applied for syphilis. . . . . . . . . . . . (43:284) Claytonia virginica Portulacaceae Iroquois Anticonvulsive. Spring beauty, narrow leaved (37:317) Cold infusion or decoction of powdered roots given to child with convulsions. Iroquois Contraceptive. Spring beauty, narrow leaved (37:318) Raw plants eaten prevents conception permanantly. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Pediatric aid. Spring beauty, narrow leaved (37:317) Cold infusion or decoction of powdered roots given to child with convulsions. Clematis columbiana Ranunculaceae Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Plant used as a head wash and for scabs and eczema. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (71:459)

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Medicinal Plants of Native America

Clematis

Table 1: Genera - Clematis lasiantha Ranunculaceae Shasta Cold remedy. Coyote's rope Decoction of pounded, whole stem or bark used as a steambath for colds. (41:340) (41:340) Roots burned or chewed for colds. ....................... . Shasta Herbal steam. Coyote's rope (41:340) Decoction of pounded, whole stem or bark used as a steambath for colds. Clematis ligusticifolia Ranunculaceae Costanoan Analgesic. . . (5:7) Poultice of foliage applied for chest pains. Gosiute Unspecified. Clematis (14:366) Plant used as a medicine. . . . . . . . . . . Mahuna Dermatological aid. Clematis, California Infusion of plant used as a wash for skin eruptions. (55:17) Mendocino Ind Cold remedy. Virgin's bower (16:347) Stems and leaves chewed for colds and sore throats. Mendocino Ind Throat aid. Virgin's bower (16:347) Stems and leaves chewed for colds and sore throats. Navaho Analgesic. Virgin's bower, western Plant used for pain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (23:47) Navaho Gynecological aid. Virgin's bower, western Plant used as tonic after deliverance. (23:47) Navaho Tonic. Virgin's bower, western (23:47) Plant used as tonic after deliverance. . .. Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. (91:22) Plant used for spider or sand cricket bites. Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Virgin'S bower, western (84:27) Cold infusion of plant used as lotion for backache or swollen legs or arms. Navaho-Ramah Orthopedic aid. Virgin's bower, western Cold infusion of plant used as lotion for backache or swollen legs or arms. (84:27) Navaho-Ramah Witchcraft medicine. Virgin's bower, western (84:27) Cold infusion of plant or root taken & as lotion to protect against witches. Okanagan Tonic. Virgin's bower (48:40) Decoction of plants taken as a tonic for general or out-of-sorts feeling. Paiute Kidney aid. Virgin's bower Decoction of leaves used as a wash or tub bath for dropsical conditions. · (81:59,60) Sanpoil Dermatological aid. CLEMATIS LINGUSTICIFOLIA Clematis, western (51:220) Lather of leaves & water applied to sores or boils on either men or animals. Sanpoil Veterinary aid. CLEMATIS LINGUSTICIFOLIA Clematis, western (51:220) Lather of leaves & water applied to sores or boils on either men or animals. Shoshone Analgesic. Virgin'S bower Branches used to whip sore or painful areas as a counter-irritant. . . . . . . · (81:59,60) Crushed dried leaves used as snuff or fresh leaves smelled to cure headaches. · (81:59,60) Decoction of roots taken to relieve stomachaches or cramps. · (81:59,60) Poultice of mashed leaves applied for rheumatic pains. · (81:59,60) Shoshone Antirheumatic - Ext. Virgin's bower Poultice of mashed leaves applied for rheumatic pains. · (81:59,60) Shoshone Burn dressing. Virgin's bower · (81:59,60) Poultice of mashed, moistened seeds applied to severe burns. Shoshone Dermatological aid. Virgin's bower Simple or compound poultice of leaf for swellings, bruises, wounds, or boils. · (81:59,60) Shoshone Gast-intestinal aid. Virgin's bower · (81:59,60) Decoction of leaves or roots taken for stomachaches or cramps. Shoshone Kidney aid. Virgin'S bower Decoction of leaves used as a wash or tub bath for dropsical conditions. · (81:59,60) Shoshone Orthopedic aid. Virgin's bower · (81:59,60) Decoction of leaves used as a bath to relieve tired feet. . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Venereal aid. Virgin's bower Powdered leaves or decoction applied as a healing agent for syphilitic sores. · (81:59,60) Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Virgin's bower, western (71:459) Plant used as a head wash and for scabs and eczema. . . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Tonic. Virgin's bower (48:40) Decoction of plants taken as a tonic for general or out-of-sorts feeling. Thompson Ind Tonic. Virgin's bower, weste:rn (71:459) Mild decoction of plant taken as a tonic or "remedy for general disorder." Clematis pseudoalpina Ranunculaceae Navaho-Ramah Orthopedic aid. Cold infusion of plant used as lotion for swollen knee or ankle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:27) Clematis sp. Ranunculaceae Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. CLEMATIS ERIOPHORA Root used to relieve pain from congested nose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:27)

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125

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Clematis

Table 1: Genera - Clematis sp. Ranunculaceae Navaho-Ramah Respiratory aid. CLEMATIS ERIOPHORA (84:27) Root used to relieve pain from congested nose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Witchcraft medicine. CLEMATIS ERIOPHORA (84:27) Cold infusion of plant or root taken and as lotion to protect from witches. Clematis moma Ranunculaceae Fox Panacea. CLEMATIS VIRONA Leather flower Drink made from root taken for "any kind of common sickness." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (62:239) Clematis mrginiana Ranunculaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Virgin's bower (35:60) Infusion of root taken for kidneys; warm infusion with milkweed for backache .. Cherokee Ceremonial medicine. Virgin's bower (35:60) Used as an ingredient in green corn medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Virgin's bower (35:60) Infusion of root taken for stomach trouble; also, infusion taken for nerves. Cherokee Kidney aid. Virgin's bower (35:60) Infusion of root taken for kidneys; warm infusion with milkweed for backache. . Cherokee Orthopedic aid. Virgin's bower (35:60) Infusion of root taken for kidneys; warm infusion with milkwe...' for backache .. Iroquois Dermatological aid. CLEMATIS VIRGINICA Virgin's bower (37:330) Root powder and infusion of roots used on venereal disease sores. Iroquois Hallucinogen. CLEMATIS VIRGINICA Virgin's bower (37:330) Decoction of stems used as a wash to induce strange dreams. . . . Iroquois Kidney aid. CLEMATIS VIRGINICA Virgin's bower (37:330) Taken for kidney trouble; when it burns. No preparation indicated. Iroquois Urinary aid. CLEMATIS VIRGINICA Virgin's bower (37:330) Taken for kidney trouble when it burns. No preparation indicated. Iroquois Venereal aid. CLEMATIS VIRGINICA Virgin's bower (37:330) Root powder and infusion of roots used on venereal disease sores. Cleome lutea Capparidaceae Navaho-Kayenta Ceremonial medicine. (91:25) Plant used with ceremonial tobacco in some chants. Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. (91:25) Plant used for ant bites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cleome serrulata Capparidaceae Navaho-Ramah Blood medicine. Beeplant, Rocky Mountain (84:29) Decoction of seeds used ceremonially to improve voice and give "good blood." Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Beeplant, Rocky Mountain (84:29) Decoction of seeds used ceremonially to improve voice and give "good blood." Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Beeplant, Rocky Mountain (84:29) Cold infusion of leaves used as a body and shoe deodorant. . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Throat aid. Beeplant, Rocky Mountain (84:29) Decoction of seeds used ceremonially to improve voice and give "good blood." Tewa Gast-intestinal aid. PERITOMA SERRULATUM Beeplant, Rocky Mountain . (54:58,59) Infusion of plant taken for stomach disorders; poultice of plant on abdomen. Cleome sp. Capparidaceae Gosiute Eye medicine. CLEOME INTEGRIFOLIA Poultice of pounded, soaked leaves applied to sore eyes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (14:366) Clethm acuminata Clethraceae Cherokee Antiemetic. (79:47) Decoction of bark scrapings taken for vomiting bile. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Emetic. Alder, white (35:22) Drink containing inner bark taken to induce vomiting of "disordered bile." Cherokee Emetic. (79:47) Decoction of inner bark taken to cause vomiting when unable to retain food. Cherokee Febrifuge. Alder, white (35:22) Decoction of barks of this and ''wild cherry" taken to break high fever. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Alder, white (35:22) Hot infusion of bark taken for "bowel complaint." . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. (79:47) Decoction of inner bark taken to cause vomiting when unable to retain food. Cherokee Liver aid. (79:47) Decoction of bark scrapings taken for vomiting bile. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . Clintonia andrewsiana Liliaceae Porno Poison. Plant is poisonous. (27:12) Clintonia borealis Liliaceae Chippewa Burn dressing. Clintonia Poultice of fresh leaf applied to burns. . . . . . . . . . . .. (21:354) Chippewa Dermatological aid. Clintonia Decoction of leaves applied externally to scrofulous sores. (21:354)

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Clintonia

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Clintonia borealis Liliaceae Iroquois Heart medicine. Lily, Clinton's Decoction of plant taken for the heart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:283) Iroquois Misc disease remedy. Lily, Clinton's Compound decoction of smashed whole plants taken for sugar diabetes. (37:283) Menominee Antidote. Clintonia, northern . (61:40,41) Plant put on bite of dog which has eaten plant, to draw out the poison. Ojibwa Antidote. Clintonia, northern Root applied to draw poison from bite made by dog which has eaten the plant. (63:373) Ojibwa Gynecological aid. Clintonia, northern (63:373) Infusion of root used as a remedy to aid parturition. Potawatomi Unspecified. Clintonia, northern (64:62) Plant used as a medicine for unspecified ailments. Clintonia umbellulata Liliaceae Iroquois Febrifuge. Clintonia, white (37:283) Infusion of whole plant taken for chills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Clintonia, white (37:283) Decoction of whole plant "makes people buy baskets"; a basket medicine. Clintonia uniftora Liliaceae Bella Coola Dermatological aid. Queen's cup (60:53) Decoction of plant used as a wash for the body. (60:53) Poultice of toasted leaf applied to eyes or wounds. Bella Coola Eye medicine. Queen's cup (60:53) Poultice of toasted leaf applied to eyes or wounds. Cowlitz Dermatological aid. Clintonia, one flowered (34:25) Juice from smashed plants used as a wash for cuts and sore eyes. Cowlitz Eye medicine. Clintonia, one flowered (34:25) Juice from smashed plants used as a wash for cuts and sore eyes. Clitoria mariana Fabaceae Cherokee Oral aid. Pea, butterfly Infusion held in mouth for ten to twenty minutes for thrush. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (35:47) Oneoridium dumosum Rutaceae Luisenos Unspecified. (65:231) Plant used for medicinal purposes. Onicus eatoni Asteraceae Gosiute Dermatological aid. (14:349) Plant used for wounds, cuts or sores. Cocculus carolinus Menispermaceae Houma Blood medicine. Sarsaparilla, black Drink made from root taken as a blood clarifier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (68:63) Coelopleurum lucidum Apiaceae Aleut Analgesic. ANGELICA LUCIDA Parsnip, wild (1:427) Poultice of leaves applied for internal or external pain. Aleut Cold remedy. ANGELICA LUCIDA Parsnip, wild (1:427) Leaves used to make a tonic for colds. . . . . . . . . . . Aleut Throat aid. ANGELICA LUCIDA Parsnip, wild (1:427) Leaves used to make a soothing drink for sore throats. Aleut Tonic. ANGELICA LUCIDA Parsnip, wild (1:427) Leaves used to make a tonic for colds. Eskimo Other. ANGELICA LUCIDA Celery, wild (59:325) Root eaten as a preventative medicine. Eskimo Panacea. ANGELICA LUCIDA Celery, wild (59:325) Plant used for most illnesses and the feeling of malaise. Eskimo Psychological aid. ANGELICA LUCIDA Celery, wild (59:325) Plant used for most illnesses and the feeling of malaise. Kwakiutl Hunting medicine. ANGELICA LUCIDA (82:276) Plant tied on halibut hooks as a good luck charm. W. Eskimo Disinfectant. ANGELICA LUCIDA Celery, wild (46:31) Burning stems shaken inside and outside the house for purification. Coelopleurum sp. Apiaceae Kwakiutl Analgesic. COELAPLEURUM GMELINI (4:376) Plant used to prepare sweat bath for general weakness and localized pains. Kwakiutl Diaphoretic. COELAPLEURUM GMELINI (4:376) Plant used to prepare sweat bath for general weakness and localized pains. Kwakiutl Stimulant. COELAPLEURUM GMELINI (4:376) Plant used to prepare sweat bath for general weakness and localized pains. Coi:J; lacryma-Jobi Poaceae Cherokee Pediatric aid. Job's tears (35:41) Seeds strung around baby's neck for teething. Cherokee Toothache remedy. Job's tears (35:41) Seeds strung around baby's neck for teething.

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Medicinal Plants of Native America

Coix

Table 1: Genera - Coix lacryma-jobi Poaceae Cherokee Unspecified. Job's tears Long strands of seeds used for various unspecified medicinal purposes. . . . . . . . . . . . . Coldenia hispidissima Boraginaceae Navaho-Kayenta Gast-intestinal aid. Plant used for gastro-intestinal diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Coleogyne ramosissima Rosaceae Kawaiisu Venereal aid. Blackbrush Decoction of bark taken for gonorrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Collinsia parviftora Scrophulariaceae Navaho-Kayenta Veterinary aid. Plant used to make a horse run fast. · Collz"nsia vialacea Scrophulariaceae Creek Tuberculosis remedy. Infusion of root taken for colds, coughs, consumption, and whooping cough. · Natchez Cold remedy. · Infusion of root taken for colds, coughs, consumption, and whooping cough. Natchez Cough medicine. Infusion of root taken for colds, coughs, consumption, and whooping cough. · Infusion of roots taken for coughs and consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · Natchez Pulmonary aid. Infusion of root taken for colds, coughs, consumption, and whooping cough. · Natchez Tuberculosis remedy. Infusion of roots taken for coughs and consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Collinsonia canadensis Lamiaceae Cherokee Breast treatment. Rich weed Compound used to cure swollen breasts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Decoction of plant taken to cause vomiting or applied for swollen breasts. Cherokee Emetic. Rich weed Decoction of plant taken to cause vomiting or applied for swollen breasts. Cherokee Veterinary aid. Rich weed Infusion used to drench horses with colic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Analgesic. Stoneroot Poultice of powdered leaves applied to the forehead for headaches. · Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Stoneroot Compound decoction of roots taken for diarrhea with blood. · Iroquois Antirheumatic - Ext. Stoneroot Decoction of roots taken and used as foot, back and leg soak for rheumatism. · Iroquois Antirheumatic - Int. Stoneroot Compound decoction of roots taken and used as foot soak for rheumatism. · Iroquois Blood medicine. Stoneroot Roots used as a blood medicine or for boils. No preparation indicated. · Iroquois Dermatological aid. Stoneroot Roots used as a blood medicine or for boils. No preparation indicated. Iroquois Heart medicine. Stoneroot Decoction of roots taken for any ailment or for heart trouble. Iroquois Kidney aid. Stoneroot Decoction of roots taken for kidney trouble. . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Panacea. Stoneroot Decoction of roots taken for any ailment or for heart trouble. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Stoneroot Infusion of smashed roots given to strengthen listless children. Iroquois Stimulant. Stoneroot Infusion of smashed roots given to children for listlessness. Iroquois Strengthener. Stoneroot Infusion of smashed roots used as a wash for babies to give them strength. · Comandra livida Santalaceae Cree Cathartic. Decoction of chewed leaves and bark taken as an emetic and purgative. · Cree Dermatological aid. Poultice of chewed leaves and bark applied to wounds. . . . . . . . . . . · Cree Emetic. Decoction of chewed leaves and bark taken as an emetic and purgative. Cree Unspecified. Plant used as medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Comandra pallida Santalaceae Navaho Dermatological aid. Toadflax, bastard Decoction of plant used as a foot bath for corns. Navaho-Kayenta Eye medicine. COMMANDRA PALLIDA Plant used for sore eyes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

128

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Genera

(35:41) (91:39) (92:21) (91:42) (75:667) (75:667) (75:667) (79:56) (75:667) (79:56) (35:52) (79:53) (79:53) (35:52) (37:429) (37:429) (37:429) (37:429) (37:429) (37:429) (37:429) (37:429) (37:429) (37:429) (37:429) (37:428) (40:303) (40:303) (40:303) (40:303) (38:150) (91:18)

Comandra

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Comandra pallida Santalaceae Navaho-Kayenta Narcotic. COMMANDRA PALLIDA Plant used as a narcotic. . . . . . . . . . . . . (91:18) Navaho-Kayenta Oral aid. COMMANDRA PALLIDA Plant used as a mouth wash for canker sores. (91:18) Thompson Ind Eye medicine. Nut plant Fresh roots mixed with woman's milk used as a wash for sore or inflamed eyes. (71:459) Comandra umbellata Santalaceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Toadflax, bastard Compound infusion used for kidneys; juice applied to cut or sore. (35:24) Cherokee Kidney aid. Toadflax, bastard Compound infusion used for kidneys; juice applied to cut or sore. (35:24) Fox Analgesic. Toadflax, bastard Infusion of leaf taken for pains in the lungs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (62:246) Fox Cold remedy. Toadflax, bastard Medicine licked to ease labored breathing caused by a cold or other illness. . (62:246) Fox Pulmonary aid. Toadflax, bastard Infusion of leaf taken for pains in the lungs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (62:246) Fox Respiratory aid. Toadflax, bastard Medicine of immature florets licked to ease labored breathing from cold, etc. . (62:246) Commelina dianthifolia Commelinaceae Navaho-Ramah Veterinary aid. Dayflower Cold simple or compound infusion given to livestock as aphrodisiac. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:19) Comptonia peregrina Myricaceae Cherokee Anthelmintic. Sweet fern Infusion taken for round worms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (35:58) Chippewa Ceremonial medicine. MYRICA ASPLENIFOLIA Sweet fern Burned dried leaves used as incense in religious ceremonies. . . (31:127) Chippewa Febrifuge. MYRICA ASPLENIFOLIA Sweet fern Infusion of leaves taken for fevers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (31:127) Delaware-Okl Blood medicine. MYRICA ASPLENIFOLIA Sweet fern Infusion of plant taken as a blood purifier. . . . . . . . . . . . . (77:29,76) Delaware-Ok! Dermatological aid. MYRICA ASPLENIFOLIA Sweet fern . . (77:29,76) Infusion of plant applied to blisters; leaves used for poison ivy rash. Delaware-Ok! Expectorant. MYRICA ASPLENIFOLIA Sweet fern Infusion of plant taken to help remove mucous from the lungs. .. . . (77:29,76) Delaware-Ok! Tuberculosis remedy. MYRICA ASPLENIFOLIA Sweet fern Plant used to treat scrofula. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (77:29,76) Delaware-Okl Urinary aid. MYRICA ASPLENIFOLIA Sweet fern Complex compound containing plant used to treat inflammation of the bladder. . (77:29,76) Menominee Adjuvant. MYRICA ASPLENIFOLIA Sweet fern Plant used as a seasoner; also, as a potent medicine used in childbirth. (61:42) Menominee Gynecological aid. MYRICA ASPLENIFOLIA Sweet fern (61:42) Decoction of plants used as a potent medicine in childbirth. . . . . . . Menominee Poison. MYRICA ASPLENIFOLIA Sweet fern Compound containing leaves sprinkled on medicine to kill a hated person. (61:42) Menominee Tonic. Sweet fern Compound decoction of root taken as a mild tonic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (22:133) Micmac Analgesic. Sweet fern Leaves used to treat catarrh; also, root used for headache and inflammation. (15:56) Micmac Dermatological aid. MYRICA ASPLENIFOLIA Sweet fern (15:58) Leaves used to treat sprains and swellings; also, used for poison ivy. Micmac Dermatological aid. Sweet fern (15:56) Leaves used to treat sprains & swellings; used for poison ivy & inflammation. Micmac Orthopedic aid. MYRICA ASPLENIFOLIA Sweet fern Leaves used to treat sprains and swellings; also, used for poison ivy. (15:58) Micmac Orthopedic aid. Sweet fern (15:56) Leaves used to treat sprains and swellings; also, used for poison ivy. Micmac Respiratory aid. MYRICA ASPLENIFOLIA Sweet fern Leaves used to treat catarrh; also, used to treat poison ivy. . . . . . (15:58) Micmac Respiratory aid. Sweet fern Leaves used to treat catarrh; also, root used for headache and inflammation. (15:56) Micmac Stimulant. Sweet fern (15:56) Berries, bark, and leaves used as an "exhilarant" and as a beverage. Mohegan Dermatological aid. MYRICA ASPLENIFOLIA Sweet fern (76:264) Infusion of leaves as a wash for poison ivy. (78:74,130) Infusion of leaves used as poison ivy lotion. . . . . . . . . . Ojibwa Analgesic. MYRICA ASPLENIFOLIA Sweet fern (63:375) Infusion of leaves taken to cure flux and stomach cramps. Ojibwa Antidiarrheal. MYRICA ASPLENIFOLIA Sweet fern (63:375) Infusion of leaves taken to cure stomach cramps and flux.

Genera

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129

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Comptonia

Table 1: Genera -Comptonia peregrina Myricaceae Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. MYRICA ASPLENIFOLIA Sweet fern . Decoction of leaves taken to cure stomach crainps and flux. Penobscot Dermatological aid. MYRICA ASPLENIFOLIA Sweet fern . Infusion of leaves rubbed on skin to cure poison ivy. Potawatomi Dermatological aid. MYRICA ASPLENIFOLIA Sweet fern Infusion of leaves used to cure the itch. . . . . . . Shinnecock Dermatological aid. Sweet fern Infusion of leaves rubbed on the skin to cure itch. Condalia lycioides Rhamnaceae Pima Analgesic. Lotebush Thorns used to prick the skin over rheumatic pains. Pima Antirheumatic - Ext. Lotebush Thorns used to prick the skin over rheumatic pains. Pima Dermatological aid. Lotebush Infusion of roots used as a shampoo. . . . . . . . . . Pima Eye medicine. ZIZYPHUS LYCIOIDES Decoction of pounded root used as a wash for sore eyes. Pima Eye medicine. Lotebush Decoction of roots used as a wash for sore eyes. Conioselinum chinense Apiaceae Aleut Cold remedy. CONIOSELINUM GMELINI Parsley, hemlock Leaves used to make a tonic for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . Aleut Throat aid. CONIOSELINUM GMELINI Parsley, hemlock Leaves used to make a soothing drink for sore throats. Conioselinum pacificum Apiaceae Kwakiutl Antirheumatic - Ext. Plant used in sweatbaths for arthritis and rheumatism. Kwakiutl Diaphoretic. Plant used in sweatbaths for arthritis and rheumatism. Kwakiutl Herbal steam. Plant used in steambath for general weakness. Kwakiutl Stimulant. Plant used in steambath for general weakness. Conioselinum scopulorum Apiaceae Navaho-Kayenta Blood medicine. Plant used as a postpartum blood purifier. Navaho-Kayenta Gynecological aid. Plant used as a postpartum blood purifier. Navaho-Kayenta Respiratory aid. Plant smoked for catarrh. . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Snake bite remedy. Infusion of plant used as a snake repellent. Conium maculatum Apiaceae Klallam Love medicine. Hemlock, poison Roots rubbed on woman's body to attract the attention of a man. Klallam Poison. Hemlock, poison Roots are poisonous. . . . . . . . Snohomish Poison. Hemlock, poison Roots are poisonous. . . . . . . . Convolvulus arvensis Convolvulaceae Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Bindweed, field Cold infusion of plant taken and used as a lotion for spider bites. Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Bindweed, field Cold infusion taken with food after swallowing a spider. Pomo Gynecological aid. Bindweed Decoction of plant taken to stop excessive menstruation. Convolvulus fulcratus Convolvulaceae Karok Love medicine. Plant used as a love medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Convolvulus longipes Convolvulaceae Kawaiisu Venereal aid. CALYSTEGIA LONGIPES Morning glory, Piute Decoction of roots taken for gonorrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CopUs groenlandica Ranunculaceae Iroquois Anthelmintic. COPTIS TRIFOLIA Goldthread Compound decoction or infusion of roots taken for stomach cramps and worms. Iroquois Antiemetic. COPTIS TRIFOLIA Goldthread Infusion or decoction of roots taken to stop vomiting, especially for babies. . Iroquois Blood medicine. COPTIS TRIFOLIA Goldthread Complex compound decoction taken as a blood purifier and blood remedy.

130

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Genera

(63:375) (66:309) (64:65) (11:119) (17:50) (17:50) (17:50) (56:79) (17:50) (1:427) (1:427) (82:266) (82:266) (82:276) (82:276) (91:34) (91:34) (91:34) (91:34) (34:42) (34:42) (34:42) (84:39) (84:39) (27:15) (58:388) (92:17) (37:322) (37:322) (37:322)

Coptis

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Coptis groenlandica Ranunculaceae Iroquois Emetic. COPTIS TRIFOLIA Goldthread (37:322) Decoction of roots taken to vomit for jaundice, the eyeballs, and dizziness. Iroquois Eye medicine. COPTIS TRIFOLIA Goldthread (37:322) Infusion or decoction of roots taken or used as drops for sore eyes. Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. COPTIS TRIFOLIA Goldthread Compound decoction of roots taken for stomach cramps and worms. · (37:322) Infusion of roots taken to stop vomiting, for biliousness, and for jaundice . · (37:322) . Iroquois Oral aid. COPTIS TRIFOLIA Goldthread Infusion of roots used for sore mouths of children; used for trench mouth. · (37:322) Iroquois Pediatric aid. COPTIS TRIFOLIA Goldthread Decoction of plant given to sick babies; caused by bad blood from mother. · (37:323) Decoction of roots given to "little babies when they throw up often." ... · (37:322) Infusion of roots as wash or poultice applied to sore mouths of children. . · (37:322) Iroquois Throat aid. COPTIS TRIFOLIA Goldthread Cold compound infusion with plant taken for trench mouth and raw throat. · (37:322) Iroquois Unspecified. COPTIS TRIFOLIA Goldthread Decoction of plant given to sick babies; caused by bad blood from mother. · (37:323) Iroquois Venereal aid. COPTIS TRIFOLIA Goldthread (37:322) Complex compound decoction taken as a blood purifier & for venereal disease. Menominee Oral aid. COPTIS TRIFOLIA Goldthread (61:48) Astringent wash from root for oral cankers and for babies' teething pains. .. Menominee Pediatric aid. COPTIS TRIFOLIA Goldthread (61:48) Root yields astringent mouth wash used for sore throat & teething in babies. Menominee Throat aid. COPTIS TRIFOLIA Goldthread (61:48) Roots used in astringent mouthwash for sore throat of babies. Menominee Toothache remedy. COPTIS TRIFOLIA Goldthread (61:48) Roots used in astringent mouthwash for teething babies. Micmac Oral aid. COPTIS TRIFOLIA Goldthread (15:56) Herb used to treat sore and diseased mouth. Mohegan Oral aid. COPTIS TRIFOLIA Golden thread (78:72,128) Infusion of leaves used as a mouthwash for infants. . . (76:265) Infusion of plant used as a mouth wash for babies. Mohegan Pediatric aid. COPTIS TRIFOLIA Golden thread (78:72,128) Infusion of leaves used as a mouthwash for infants. (76:265) Infusion of plant used as a mouth wash for babies. Ojibwa Oral aid. COPTIS TRIFOLIA Goldthread (63:383) Decoction of root as wash for sore mouth; to soothe mouth of teething baby. Ojibwa Pediatric aid. COPTIS TRIFOLIA Goldthread · (63:383) Decoction of root as wash for sore mouth; to soothe mouth of teething baby. Penobscot Oral aid. COPTIS TRIFOLIA Golden thread · (66:309) Stems chewed to treat mouth sores and mouths irritated by tobacco smoking. Potawatomi Analgesic. COPTIS TRIFOLIA Goldthread (64:74) Root used to lessen the pain of teething babies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Potawatomi Oral aid. COPTIS TRIFOLIA Goldthread (64:74) Roots used to cure sore gums, especially to relieve pain of teething babies. Potawatomi Pediatric aid. COPTIS TRIFOLIA Goldthread (64:74) Roots used to cure sore gums, especially to relieve pain of teething babies. Coptis Bp. Ranunculaceae Tlingit Pulmonary aid. COPTIS MACROSEPALA Goldthread Compound infusion of plant used to treat inflammation of lungs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (43:283) Corollorhiza maculata Orchidaceae Iroquois Blood medicine. CORALLORRHIZA MACULATA Coral, spotted (37:291) Infusion of roots used as an "anti-witch, blood, love, and basket medicine." Iroquois Love medicine. CORALLORRHIZA MACULATA Coral, spotted (37:291) Compound infusion of roots taken as a "cure for love medicine." . . . . Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. CORALLORRHIZA MACULATA Coral, spotted (37:291) Compound infusion of roots taken for tuberculosis. . . . . . . . . Iroquois Veterinary aid. CORALLORRHIZA MACULATA Coral, spotted (37:290) Infusion of whole plant added to horse's grain for heaves. Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. CORALLORRHIZA MACULATA Coral, spotted (37:290) Plant used several ways as a "hunting-," "witch-," or "love-" medicine. (37:290) Plant used several ways; as an "anti-witch, blood, love and basket medicine." Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. CORALLORRHIZA MACULATA (91:17) Infusion of plant used as a lotion for ringworm or skin disease. . . . . . . Paiute Blood medicine. CORALLORRHIZA MACULATA Coralroot (81:60) Decoction of stalks used to "build up the blood" of pneumonia patients. Paiute Pulmonary aid. CORALLORRHIZA MACULATA Coralroot (81:60) Infusion of dried stalks taken to build up the blood of pneumonia patients. Shoshone Blood medicine. CORALLORRHIZA MACULATA Coralroot (81:60) Decoction of stalks used to "build up the blood" of pneumonia patients. ..

Genera

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131

Corallorhiza

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Corallorhiza maculata Orchidaceae Shoshone Pulmonary aid. CORALLORRHIZA MACULATA Coralroot Infusion of dried stalks taken to build up the blood of pneumonia patients. · Cordylanthus sp. Scrophulariaceae Luisenos Emetic. Plant used as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. · Navaho Emetic. CORDYLANTHUS RAMOSUS Bird's beak Infusion of plant taken to induce vomiting. Navaho Gynecological aid. CORDYLANTHUS RAMOSUS Bird's beak Infusion of plant taken by menstruating women to stop menses. Navaho Hemostat. CORDYLANTHUS RAMOSUS Bird's beak Infusion of plant used by men for nosebleeds. . . . . . .. Navaho Orthopedic aid. CORDYLANTHUS RAMOSUS Plant used to prevent broken ribs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho Venereal aid. CORDYLANTHUS RAMOSUS Bird's beak Infusion of plant taken for syphilis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Venereal aid. CORDYLANTHUS RAMOSUS Decoction of plant taken for venereal disease, or "bad disease." Cordylanthus wrightii Scrophulariaceae Navaho Venereal aid. Wright bird's beak Decoction of plant used for syphilis. Navaho-Kayenta Ceremonial medicine. Plant used for ceremonial purposes. Navaho-Kayenta Gynecological aid. Plant used for prolapsis of the uterus. Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Clubflower Decoction of plant taken for men's leg or body aches; also, menstrual pain. Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. Clubflower Decoction of plant taken for menstrual pain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Coreopsis cardaminefolia Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Tickseed Plant used in ceremonial chant lotion. Navaho-Ramah Disinfectant. Tickseed Cold infusion of dried plant taken with salt for "lightning infection." Navaho-Ramah Other. Tickseed Root used as "life medicine." . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Venereal aid. Tickseed Plant used as fumigant for sexual infection. Coreopsis palmata Asteraceae Fox Orthopedic aid. Tickseed, stiff Decoction of seeds used internally and as a poultice for one who is crippled . . . . . . . . . . Coreopsis tinctoria Asteraceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Tickseed Infusion of root taken for flux. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Coreopsis tripteris Asteraceae Fox Analgesic. Coreopsis, tall Decoction of stems taken to cure internal pains and bleeding. · Fox Antihemorrhagic. Coreopsis, tall Decoction of stems taken to cure internal pains and bleeding. · Corethrogyne filaginifolia Asteraceae Kawaiisu Cold remedy. Cudweed, glandular Infusion of twigs and leaves used as steambath to induce sweating for colds. Kawaiisu Diaphoretic. Cudweed, glandular Infusion of twigs and leaves used as steambath to induce sweating for colds. Kawaiisu Herbal steam. Cudweed, glandular Infusion of twigs and leaves used as steambath to induce sweating for colds. Comus altemifolia Cornaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Dogwood Infusion of bark for women's backache; also, bark chewed for headache. Cherokee Anthelmintic. Dogwood Compound infusion of bark & root for childhood diseases like worms, measles. Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Dogwood Compound infusion taken for diarrhea; also, infusion taken "for blood." Cherokee Antidote. Dogwood Infusion of beaten bark used for bathing after "poisons of any kind." .. Cherokee Blood medicine. Dogwood Compound infusion taken for diarrhea; also, infusion taken "for blood." Cherokee Dermatological aid. Dogwood Bark of root is astringent; compound infusion taken for diarrhea. Bark of root used for poultice; also, ooze of bark used to poultice ulcer.

132

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Genera

(81:60) (65:229) (23:76) (23:76) (23:76) (23:96) (23:76) (81:60) (23:76) (91:42) (91:42) (84:44) (84:44) (84:50) (84:50) (84:50) (84:50) (62:213) (35:59) (62:213) (62:213) (92:22) (92:22) (92:22) (35:32) (35:32) (35:32) (35:32) (35:32) (35:32) (35:32)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Cornus

Table 1: Genera -Comus altemifolia Cornaceae Cherokee Diaphoretic. Dogwood ......... . Infusion of flower taken for colic; also, "to sweat off flu." Cherokee Disinfectant. Dogwood Bark of root used as tonic, stimulant, antiseptic, astringent, and febrifuge. Cherokee Febrifuge. Dogwood Bark of root used as tonic, stimulant, antiseptic, astringent, and febrifuge. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Dogwood Infusion of flower taken for colic; also, "to sweat off flu." ....... . Cherokee Gynecological aid. Dogwood Infusion of bark for women's backache; also, bark chewed for headache. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Dogwood Compound infusion of bark & root for childhood diseases like worms, measles. ............ . Infusion of flower taken for colic; also, "to sweat off flu." Cherokee Pediatric aid. Dogwood Compound infusion of bark & root for childhood diseases like worms, measles. Cherokee Stimulant. Dogwood Bark of root used as tonic, stimulant, antiseptic, astringent, and febrifuge. Cherokee Throat aid. Dogwood Infusion of inner bark taken for "lost voice." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Tonic. Dogwood Bark of root used as tonic, stimulant, antiseptic, astringent, and febrifuge. Chippewa Cough medicine. Dogwood Inner bark used as a cough remedy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Chippewa Eye medicine. Dogwood Infusion of scraped root used as a wash or on a compress for sore eyes. Chippewa Eye medicine. Compound decoction of root used as a wash or compress for sore eyes. Iroquois Cold remedy. Dogwood, alternate leaved Compound decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis, colds and coughing. Iroquois Cough medicine. Dogwood, alternate leaved Compound decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis, colds and coughing. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Dogwood, alternate leaved Infusion of bark applied as poultice to swollen areas. . . . . . . . Poultice of powdered bark applied to heal the navel and blisters. Iroquois Emetic. Dogwood, alternate leaved Compound decoction of bark taken as an emetic, especially for coughs. Iroquois Eye medicine. Dogwood, alternate leaved Plant used in a wash for the eyes. No preparation indicated. . . . . . . Iroquois Gynecological aid. Dogwood, alternate leaved Compound decoction of bark taken by pregnant women who have had gonorrhea. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Dogwood, alternate leaved Poultice of powdered bark applied to heal navel. . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Respiratory aid. Dogwood, alternate leaved Decoction of bark taken to vomit for coughs or bronchial coughs. Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Dogwood, alternate leaved Compound decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis, colds and coughing. Iroquois Venereal aid. Dogwood, alternate leaved Compound infusion used as wash on parts affected by venereal disease. Menominee Antidiarrheal. Dogwood, alternate leaved Bark liquid injected rectally & poultice of bark on anus for diarrhea. . Menominee Cancer treatment. Dogwood, alternate leaved One reported case: poultice of bark plus something else cured facial cancer. Menominee Hemorrhoid remedy. Dogwood, alternate leaved Bark used to make a liquid which is injected rectally to treat piles. Menominee Other. Dogwood, alternate leaved Plant used for Indian tobacco; known as "kinnikinik." Ojibwa Emetic. Dogwood, alternate leaved Inner bark used as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Potawatomi Eye medicine. Dogwood, alternate leaved Infusion of bark used as a wash to cure granulation of the eyelids. Comus amomum Cornaceae Iroquois Analgesic. Dogwood, silky Compound decoction of roots taken for urinating pain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Dermatological aid. Dogwood, silky Complex compound decoction used as wash on parts affected by "Italian itch." Infusion of bark used as wash or powdered bark applied to gonorrhea sores. Iroquois Emetic. Dogwood, silky Decoction of bark taken as an emetic. . . . . . . . Iroquois Laxative. Dogwood, silky Compound decoction of roots taken as a laxative.

Genera

(35:32) (35:32) (35:32) (35:32) (35:32) (35:32) (35:32) (35:32) (35:32) (35:32) (35:32) (31:138) (21:360) (21:360) (37:407) (37:407) (37:407) (37:406) (37:407) (37:406) (37:406) (37:406) (37:406) (37:407) (37:406) · (61:32,33) · (61:32,33) · (61:32,33) · (61:32,33) (63:366) (64:54) (37:402) (37:403) (37:402) (37:403) (37:402)

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133

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Comus

Table 1: Genera -Comus amomum Cornaceae Iroquois Other. Dogwood, silky (37:403) Poultice of smashed bark applied for goiter. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Dogwood, silky (37:402) Infusion of bark used as wash to make babies sleep. Iroquois Pulmonary aid. Dogwood, silky (37:403) Infusion of bark taken for chest congestion. . . . .. Iroquois Sedative. Dogwood, silky (37:402) Infusion of bark used as wash to make babies sleep. Iroquois Urinary aid. Dogwood, silky (37:402) Compound decoction of roots taken for urinating pain. Iroquois Venereal aid. Dogwood, silky (37:402) Infusion of bark used as wash or powdered bark applied to gonorrhea sores. Menominee Antidiarrheal. Cornel, silky (61:32) Plant known as maimakwukwa; infusion of bark injected rectally for diarrhea. Menominee Ceremonial medicine. Cornel, silky (61:32) Plant known as kinnikinnik; bark is ceremonially smoked. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Comus caJifornica Cornaceae Costanoan Febrifuge. Decoction of inner bark used for fevers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (5:24) Comus canadensis Cornaceae Delaware-Okl Analgesic. Bunchberry . (77:26,74) Compound containing bark used to treat body pain. . . . . . . .. Iroquois Cold remedy. Bunchberry (37:402) Decoction of whole plant taken for coughs, fevers or tuberculosis. Iroquois Febrifuge. Bunchberry (37:402) Decoction of whole plant taken for coughs, fevers or tuberculosis. Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Bunchberry (37:402) Decoction of whole plant taken for coughs, fevers or tuberculosis. Micmac Anticonvulsive. Bunchberry (15:56) Berries, roots, and leaves used for persons with fits. Montagnais Other. Bunchberry (66:315) Infusion of plant used to treat paralysis. .. N Carrier Unspecified. Bunchberry (60:62) Used as a medicine for unspecified malady. Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. Bunchberry (63:366,367) Infusion of root used to cure infant colic. Ojibwa Pediatric aid. Bunchberry (63:366,367) Infusion of root used to cure infant colic. S Carrier Eye medicine. Bunchberry (60:62) Strong decoction of plant, without berries, used as eye wash. Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Bunchberry (71:458) Leaf ash or powdered, toasted leaves sprinkled on sores. Comus drummondii Cornaceae Iroquois Venereal aid. Dogwood, rough leaved (37:403) Infusion of switches taken for gonorrhea. Comus florida Cornaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Dogwood (35:32) Infusion of bark for women's backache; also, bark chewed for headache. Cherokee Anthelmintic. Dogwood (35:32) Compound infusion of bark & root for childhood diseases like worms, measles. Cherokee Anthelmintic. Dogwood, flowering (79:46) Infusion of bark used as a bath and given to children with worms. Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Dogwood (35:32) Compound infusion taken for diarrhea; also, infusion taken "for blood." Cherokee Antidote. Dogwood (35:32) Infusion of beaten bark used for bathing after "poisons of any kind." Cherokee Blood medicine. Dogwood (35:32) Compound infusion taken for diarrhea; also, infusion taken "for blood." Cherokee Dermatological aid. Dogwood (35:32) Bark of root is astringent; compound infusion taken for diarrhea. Bark 'of root used for poultice; also, ooze of bark used to poultice ulcer. (35:32) (90:74) Bark of the root used to heal wounds; also, used in poultices. Cherokee Diaphoretic. Dogwood (35:32) Infusion of flower taken for colic; also, "to sweat off flu." Cherokee Disinfectant. Dogwood Bark of root used as tonic, stimulant, antiseptic, astringent, and febrifuge. (35:32) Cherokee Febrifuge. Dogwood Bark of root used as tonic, stimulant, antiseptic, astringent, and febrifuge. (35:32) Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Dogwood (35:32) Infusion of flower taken for colic; also, "to sweat off flu."

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Genera

Cornus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Comus florida Cornaceae Cherokee Gynecological aid. Dogwood (35:32) Infusion of bark for women's backache; also, bark chewed for headache. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Dogwood (35:32) Compound infusion of bark & root for childhood diseases like worms, measles. (35:32) Infusion of flower taken for colic; also, "to sweat off flu." ............ . Cherokee Pediatric aid. Dogwood (35:32) Compound infusion of bark & root for childhood diseases like worms, measles. Cherokee Pediatric aid. Dogwood, flowering (79:46) Infusion of bark used as a bath and given to children with worms. Cherokee Stimulant. Dogwood (35:32) Bark of root used as tonic, stimulant, antiseptic, astringent, and febrifuge. Cherokee Throat aid. Dogwood (35:32) Infusion of inner bark taken for "lost voice." . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Throat aid. Dogwood, flowering (79:46) Decoction of inner bark taken to loosen phlegm for hoarseness. Cherokee Tonic. Dogwood (35:32) Bark of root used as tonic, stimulant, antiseptic, astringent, and febrifuge. Cherokee Unspecified. Dogwood (90:74) Bark of the root used to heal wounds; also, used in poultices. Delaware-Ok! Tonic. Dogwood . (77:26,74) Compound containing root used as a tonic. . . . . . . . . . . . Houma Febrifuge. Dogwood . (68:55) Decoction of root or bark scrapings taken for fever and malaria. Houma Misc disease remedy. Dogwood (68:55) Decoction of root or bark scrapings taken for fever and malaria. Iroquois Blood medicine. Dogwood, flowering (37:402) Compound decoction of stems and roots taken for blood chills. Rappahannock Antidiarrheal. Dogwood, red (69:33) Infusion of bark from the roots taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . Rappahannock Blood medicine. Dogwood, red (69:33) Decoction of dried bark from roots used to purify the blood, also a tonic. Rappahannock Tonic. Dogwood, red (69:33) Decoction of dried bark from roots used to purify the blood, also a tonic. Comus foemina Cornaceae Cherokee Throat aid. CORNUS STRICTA Cornel, stiff . (35:30,31) Infusion used for "lost voice." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Houma Febrifuge. CORNUS STRICTA Dogwood (68:55) Decoction of root or bark scrapings taken for fever and malaria. Houma Misc disease remedy. CORNUS STRICTA Dogwood (68:55) Decoction of root or bark scrapings taken for fever and malaria. Micmac Other. CORNUS STRICTA (66:317) Dried bark mixed with tobacco for smoking. Comus nuttallii Cornaceae Green River Cathartic. Dogwood, Pacific flowering (34:42) Plant used as a physic and emetic. . . . . . . Green River Emetic. Dogwood, Pacific flowering (34:42) Plant used as a physic and emetic. Karok Herbal steam. Dogwood, mountain (58:387) Boughs used in the fire of the sweathouse. Lummi Laxative. Dogwood, Pacific flowering (34:42) Decoction of bark taken as a laxative. Thompson Ind Gast-intestinal aid. Dogwood, Pacific (71:461) Decoction of wood or bark taken for stomach trouble. Comus pubescens Cornaceae Thompson Ind Gynecological aid. Dogwood, red osier Simple or compound decoction of various plant parts taken after childbirth. . . . . . . . . (71:475) Comus racemosa Cornaceae Fox Analgesic. CORNUS PANICULATA Dogwood, panicled Infusion of bark held in mouth for toothache or neuralgia. (62:218,219) Fox Antidiarrheal. CORNUS PANICULATA Dogwood, panicled (62:218,219) Infusion of bark used as enema to cure flux; often used on children. Fox Oral aid. CORNUS PANICULATA Dogwood, panicled (62:218,219) Infusion of bark held in mouth for toothache or neuralgia. Fox Pediatric aid. CORNUS PANICULATA Dogwood, panicled (62:218,219) Infusion of bark given as an enema to cure the flux, often to children. Fox Stimulant. CORNUS PANICULATA Dogwood, panicled (62:218,219) Smudged bark used to revive an unconscious patient. . . . . . . Fox Tuberculosis remedy. CORNUS PANICULATA Dogwood, panicled (62:218,219) Infusion of root used to cure consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Genera

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135

Cornus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Comus racemosa Cornaceae Iroquois Dermatological aid. CORNUS PANICULATA Dogwood, panicled Decoction of bark applied as poultice to cuts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. CORNUS PANICULATA Dogwood, panicled Compound decoction taken, used as wash & poultice applied to swollen abdomen. Iroquois Orthopedic aid. CORNUS PANICULATA Dogwood, panicled Compound poultice of bark applied to swollen legs after the birth of a baby. Iroquois Venereal aid. CORNUS PANICULATA Dogwood, panicled Compound powder poultice "put in bag, place penis in bag & tie around waist." Iroquois Veterinary aid. CORNUS PANICULATA Dogwood, panicled Decoction of bark applied as poultice to cuts on horses. . Ojibwa Antidiarrheal. CORNUS PANICULATA Dogwood, panicled Infusion of bark used for flux. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ojibwa Hemorrhoid remedy. CORNUS PANICULATA Dogwood, panicled Bark forced into the anus as a treatment for piles. . . . . . . . .. Comus rugosa Cornaceae Iroquois Cathartic. Dogwood, round leaved Bark taken as a general cathartic or emetic. No preparation indicated. Iroquois Emetic. Dogwood, round leaved Decoction of bark taken as an emetic. . . . . . . . . Iroquois Kidney aid. Dogwood, round leaved Compound decoction of roots taken for the kidneys. Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Dogwood, round leaved Compound infusion of smashed roots taken for tuberculosis. Comus sp. Cornaceae Alabama Antidiarrheal. Decoction of inner bark taken for dysentery. . . . . . . . . . . . .. Cree Cold remedy. CORNUS SERICEA Decoction of bark taken as an emetic for coughs, colds and fevers. Cree Cough medicine. CORNUS SERICEA Decoction of bark taken as an emetic for coughs, colds and fevers. Cree Emetic. CORNUS SERICEA Decoction of bark taken as an emetic for coughs, colds and fevers. Cree Febrifuge. CORNUS SERICEA Decoction of bark taken as an emetic for coughs, colds and fevers. Iroquois Analgesic. CORNUS ALBA Dogwood, red osier Infusion of bark taken for coughs and headaches. . . . . . . . Iroquois Cold remedy. CORNUS ALBA Dogwood, red osier Plant used for colds. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Cough medicine. CORNUS ALBA Dogwood, red osier Infusion of bark taken for coughs and headaches. . . . . . . . Iroquois Emetic. CORNUS ALBA Dogwood, red osier Decoction or infusion of bark taken as an emetic, especially for consumption. Iroquois Eye medicine. CORNUS ALBA Dogwood, red osier Plant used in a wash for eyes. No preparation indicated. Iroquois Hemostat. CORNUS ALBA Dogwood, red osier Infusion of bark taken for hemorrhage of the mouth or nose. Iroquois Oral aid. CORNUS ALBA Dogwood, red osier Infusion of bark taken for hemorrhage of the mouth or nose. Iroquois Other. CORNUS ALBA Dogwood, red osier Decoction of bark taken by lacrosse players and runners to vomit. Iroquois Panacea. CORNUS ALBA Dogwood, red osier Bark smoked for every ailment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Psychological aid. CORNUS ALBA Dogwood, red osier Compound decoction of bark taken for craziness. Iroquois Pulmonary aid. CORNUS ALBA Dogwood, red osier Compound infusion of bark taken for pain or congestion of the chest. Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. CORNUS ALBA Dogwood, red osier Compound decoction taken to vomit during the initial stages of consumption. Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. CORNUS ALBA Dogwood, red osier Compound of plant and dried snake's blood used as a ''witching medicine." Ojibwa Ceremonial medicine. CORNUS SERICEA Cornel, silky Bark smoked for various ceremonies. . . . . . . . Ojibwa Unspecified. CORNUS SERICEA Cornel, silky Bark used for medicinal purposes. . . . . . . . . . . . Snohomish Eye medicine. CORNUS PUBESCENS t Infusion of bark used for sore eyes. . . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Gynecological aid. CORNUS PUBESCENS t Yarrow Compound decoction of twigs taken by women after childbirth. Thompson Ind Other. CORNUS PUBESCENS t Dogwood Leaves occasionally smoked as tobacco. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Genera

(37:405) (37:406) (37:406) (37:406) (37:405) (63:367) (63:367) (37:405) (37:405) (37:405) (37:405) (79:46) (40:303) (40:303) (40:303) (40:303) (37:403) (37:405) (37:403) (37:403) (37:405) (37:403) (37:403) (37:404) (37:404) (37:404) (37:405) (37:403) (37:405) (52:237) (52:237) (34:42) (71:461) (71:495)

Comus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Comus stolonifera Cornaceae Apache Ceremonial medicine. SVIDA STOLONIFERA Dogwood Plant used in medicine ceremonies. . . . . . . . . Cheyenne Ceremonial medicine. Dogwood, red osier Plant smoked in ceremonies. . . . . . . . . Chippewa Antidiarrheal. Dogwood, red osier Infusion of bark taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . Chippewa Dermatological aid. Dogwood, red osier Infusion of bark taken for eruptions caused by poison ivy. Chippewa Eye medicine. Dogwood, red osier Compound decoction of root used as a wash or on a compress for sore eyes. Dakota Other. Red brush Plant used for smoking. . . . . . . . . . . . Gosiute Narcotic. Kinnikinnick Plant used for its similar effect to opium. Micmac Analgesic. Dogwood, red osier Herb used to treat catarrh; also, used for headache. Micmac Eye medicine. Dogwood, red osier Herb used to treat sore eyes; also, used for sore throat. Micmac Respiratory aid. Dogwood, red osier Herb used to treat catarrh; also, used for headache. . . Micmac Throat aid. Dogwood, red osier Herb used to treat sore eyes; also, used for sore throat. Montana Ind. Dermatological aid. Kinnikinnick Decoction of bark used as a wash for ulcers. . . . . . . Montana Ind. Other. Kinnikinnick Inner bark dried and mixed with tobacco as a substitute for "larb." N Carrier Dermatological aid. CORNUS STOLONIFORA Dogwood, red osier Compound decoction of bark taken for body sores. . . . . . . . . . N Carrier Orthopedic aid. CORNUS STOLONIFORA Dogwood, red osier Compound decoction of bark taken for weakness or paralysis. N Carrier Stimulant. CORNUS STOLONIFORA Dogwood, red osier Compound decoction of bark taken for constitutional weakness. Navaho-Kayenta Ceremonial medicine. Plant used as a Mountain-top-way emetic. Navaho-Kayenta Emetic. Plant used as a Mountain-top-way emetic. Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Dogwood, red osier Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Dogwood, red osier Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Ojibwa Ceremonial medicine. Red Osier Bark smoked for various ceremonies. Okanagan Gynecological aid. Dogwood, red osier Decoction of bark or leaves taken by women soon after childbirth. Omaha Other. Red brush Plant used for smoking. Ponca Other. Red brush Plant used for smoking. Potawatomi Antidiarrheal. Dogwood, red osier Root bark used to treat diarrhea and flux; "the most efficacious remedy." Shuswap Kidney aid. Dogwood, red osier Plant used for weak kidneys. . . . . . . . Shuswap Pediatric aid. Dogwood, red osier Plant used for children who wet the bed. Shuswap Urinary aid. Dogwood, red osier Plant used for children who wet the bed. Thompson Ind Gynecological aid. Dogwood Simple or compound decoction of various plant parts taken after childbirth. Thompson Ind Gynecological aid. Dogwood, red osier Decoction of bark or leaves taken by women soon after childbirth. Thompson Ind Other. Dogwood Leaves occasionally smoked as tobacco. Coronilla varia Fabaceae Cherokee Antirheumatic - Ext. Vetch, crown Used as an emetic; also, crushed and rubbed on rheumatism or cramps. Cherokee Emetic. Vetch, crown Used as an emetic; also, crushed and rubbed on rheumatism or cramps. Cherokee Emetic. Decoction of bark taken as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Genera

· (53:161) ·

(36:23)

· (31:138) · (31:138) · (21:360) · (30:108) (14:366) (15:56) (15:56) (15:56) (15:56) (3:11) (3:11) (60:62) (60:62) (60:62) (91:35) (91:35) (84:38) (84:38) (52:237) (48:42) (30:108) (30:108) (64:55) (47:61) (47:61) (47:61) (71:475) (48:42) (71:495) (35:60) (35:60) (79:31)

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137

Coronilla

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Coronilla varia Fabaceae Cherokee Orthopedic aid. Vetch, crown Used as an emetic; also, crushed and rubbed on rheumatism or cramps. . . . . . . . . . . . (35:60) Corydalis aurro Papaveraceae Navaho Antirheumatic - Int. CORYDALIS MONTANA (23:96) Plant used as a rheumatic remedy. Navaho-Kayenta Antidiarrheal. (91:23) Plant used for diarrhea and hand sores. Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Plant used for diarrhea and hand sores. (91:23) Navaho-Kayenta Disinfectant. (91:23) Plant used for puerperal infection. Navaho-Kayenta Gynecological aid. (91:23) Plant used for puerperal infection. Navaho-Kayenta Veterinary aid. (91:23) Plant sprinkled on livestock for snake bites. Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Cold infusion taken for stomachache and used as lotion for backache. (84:28) Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. (84:28) Cold infusion of plant taken for stomachache. . . . . . . . .. Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. (84:28) Compound decoction of plant used for menstrual difficulties. Navaho-Ramah Orthopedic aid. Cold infusion of plant used as a lotion for backache. (84:28) Navaho-Ramah Other. (84:28) Plant used to treat injuries. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Navaho-Ramah Throat aid. (84:28) Cold infusion of plant taken and used as lotion for sore throat. Ojibwa Stimulant. Corydalis, golden Root smoke inhaled to clear the head and revive the patient. . (63:370) Corydalis semperu;,rens Papaveraceae Iroquois Hemorrhoid remedy. Corydalis, pink Compound decoction of plants taken and used as a wash for piles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:339) Corylus americana Cory laceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Shadbush (35:37) Infusion of scraped bark taken for hives. Cherokee Emetic. Shadbush Compound of inner bark taken "to vomit bile." (35:37) Decoction of inner bark taken to induce vomiting when unable to retain food. (79:16) Chippewa Analgesic. Hazel (21:338) Compound containing charcoal pricked into temples with needles for headache. Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Shadbush Compound decoction taken for "summer disease-vomiting, diarrhea and cramps." (37:297) Iroquois Antiemetic. Shadbush Compound decoction taken for "summer disease-vomiting, diarrhea and cramps." (37:297) Iroquois Antihemorrhagic. Shadbush Raw nuts taken for hay fever, childbirth hemorrhage & for prenatal strength. (37:297) Iroquois Blood medicine. Shadbush Compound infusion taken as a blood purifier and for prenatal strength. (37:298) Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Shadbush Compound decoction taken for "summer disease-vomiting, diarrhea and cramps." (37:297) Iroquois Gynecological aid. Shadbush DecoCtion or raw nuts taken for childbirth hemorrhage and prenatal strength. (37:297) Iroquois Pediatric aid. Shadbush (37:297) Compound decoction of roots given when "baby's teeth are coming in." (37:298) Compound infusion taken or raw nuts eaten for prenatal strength. Iroquois Respiratory aid. Shadbush Compound decoction of buds taken for hay fever. . . . . . . . . . . (37:298) Iroquois Toothache remedy. Shadbush Compound decoction of roots given when "baby's teeth are coming in." (37:297) Menominee Adjuvant. Shadbush Inner bark used "with other herbs as a binder to cement the virtues of all." (61:26) Ojibwa Dermatological aid. Shadbush Poultice of boiled bark applied to help close and heal cuts. . . . . . . . . . . (63:359) Corylus comuta Corylaceae Iroquois Emetic. Hazelnut, beaked Compound decoction of bark taken to vomit and used as a wash for loneliness. (37:298) Iroquois Pediatric aid. Hazelnut, beaked Decoction of bark given to children for teething. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:298) Iroquois Psychological aid. Hazelnut, beaked Compound decoction of bark taken to vomit and used as a wash for loneliness. (37:298)

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Genera

Corylus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Corylus comuta Corylaceae Iroquois Toothache remedy. Hazelnut, beaked Decoction of bark given to children for teething. (37:298) Ojibwa Anthelmintic. CORYLUS ROSTRATA Hazelnut, beaked Hairs of husk used as a medicine to expel worms. (63:359) Ojibwa Dermatological aid. CORYLUS ROSTRATA Hazelnut, beaked Poultice of boiled bark applied to help close and heal cuts. (63:359) Potawatomi Dermatological aid. CORYLUS ROSTRATA Hazelnut, beaked Inner bark used as an astringent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (64:44) Corylus sp. Corylaceae Chippewa Antihemorrhagic. Hazel Compound infusion of root taken for hemorrhages from the lungs. (21:340) Chippewa Pulmonary aid. Hazel Compound infusion of root taken for lung hemorrhage. ...... (21:340) Cosmos parviftorus Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Cosmos Cold infusion of dried leaves used as ceremonial chant lotion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:50) Cosmos sp. Asteraceae Navaho Burn dressing. Jilla flower Plant used for burns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (38:150) Cowania mexicana Rosaceae Apache Unspecified. Cliffrose Leaves used for medicinal purposes. (53:156) Gosiute Unspecified. Cliffrose (14:367) Leaves used as a medicine. Hopi Dermatological aid. COWANIA STANSBURIANA Cliffrose . (88:32,78) Plant used in a wash for wounds. . . . . . . . Hopi Emetic. COWANIA STANSBURIANA Cliffrose . (88:34,78) Bark used as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. COWANIA STANSBURlANA Cliffrose (84:30) Leaves used as an emetic in various ceremonies. . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Cough medicine. COWANIA STANSBURIANA Cliffrose (84:30) Decoction of leaves taken for bad cough. . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Emetic. COWANIA STANSBURIANA Cliffrose (84:30) Leaves used as an emetic in various ceremonies. Paiute Cathartic. Cliffrose (81:61) Decoction of leaves and stems or flowers taken as a physic. Paiute Cold remedy. Cliffrose (81:61) Decoction of leaves and stems or flowers taken for colds. . Paiute Venereal aid. Cliffrose (81:61) Decoction of leaves and stem or flowers taken for venereal diseases. Shoshone Cathartic. Cliffrose (81:61) Decoction of leaves and stems or flowers taken as a physic. Shoshone Dermatological aid. Rosa, cliff Decoction of plant parts used as an antiseptic wash for smallpox or measles. (81:61) Shoshone Disinfectant. Rosa, cliff (81:61) Decoction of plant parts used as an antiseptic wash for smallpox or measles. Shoshone Kidney aid. Cliffrose Decoction of leaves and stems or flowers taken for pains over the kidneys. . (81:61 ) Shoshone Misc disease remedy. Cliffrose (81:61) Plant used in several compounds taken & as washes for smallpox and measles. Shoshone Venereal aid. Cliffrose (81:61) Decoction of leaves and stem or flowers taken for venereal diseases. Crataegus chrysocarpa Rosaceae Potawatomi Gast-intestinal aid. CRATAEGUS ROTUNDIFOLIA Thorn, Bicknell's (64:76) Apples used to cure stomach complaints. . ................. . Crataegus douglasii Rosaceae Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Hawthorn, black (82:288) Poultice of chewed leaves applied to swellings. . . . . . . Mendocino Ind Poison. CRATAEGUS RIVULARIS Thorn bush Thorns are poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (16:355) Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Hawthorn, black Spines used as probes "for ripe boils and ulcers." (71:457) Thompson Ind Gast-intestinal aid. Hawthorn, black Decoction of sap, bark, wood, or root taken as stomach medicine. (71:457) Crataegus pedicel/ata Rosaceae S Ojibwa Antidiarrheal. CRATAEGUS COCCINEA Compound decoction of root taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (39:200) Crataegus punctata Rosaceae Iroquois Gynecological aid. Haw, dotted Compound decoction of shoots and bark taken to stop menstrual flow. . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:351)

Genera

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139

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Crataegus

Table 1: Genera -Grataegus punctata Rosaceae Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Haw, dotted Decoction taken to prevent "breaking out like cancer" caused by witchcraft. . . . . . . . . (37:351) Grataegus sp. Rosaceae Chippewa Analgesic. Thornapple Compound decoction of root taken for back pain and "female weakness." (21:356) Chippewa Gynecological aid. Thornapple Compound decoction of root taken for back pain and "female weakness." (21:356) Chippewa Tuberculosis remedy. Hawthorn Roots used for consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (31:132) Fox Analgesic. CRATAEGUS TOMENTOSA Pear thorn Infusion of twigs used for a pain in the side; also, for bladder trouble. (62:241) Fox Stimulant. CRATAEGUS TOMENTOSA Pear thorn Infusion of root bark used in cases of "general debility." (62:241) Fox Urinary aid. CRATAEGUS TOMENTOSA Pear thorn Fruit used to treat bladder ailments. . . . . . . . . . . . . (62:241) Ojibwa Gynecological aid. Hawthorn Fruit and bark used to make a medicine for women only. (63:384) Okanagan Dermatological aid. CRATAEGUS BREVISPINA Hawthorn, black Spines used as probes for boils and ulcers. ................ (48:40) Okanagan Gast-intestinal aid. CRATAEGUS BREVISPINA Hawthorn, black Decoction of sapwood, bark and roots taken as a stomach medicine. (48:40) Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. CRATAEGUS BREVISPINA Hawthorn, black Spines used as probes for boils and ulcers. ................... (48:40) Thompson Ind Gast-intestinal aid. CRATAEGUS BREVISPINA Hawthorn, black Decoction of sapwood, bark and roots taken as a stomach medicine. (48:40) Crataegus spathulata Rosaceae Cherokee Dietary aid. Hawthorn Infusion of bark taken for good circulation; berries eaten "for appetite." (35:37) Cherokee Heart medicine. Hawthorn Infusion of bark -taken for good circulation; berries eaten "for appetite." (35:37) Cherokee Other. Hawthorn (35:37) Infusion of bark taken "to prevent current spasms." ........... . (35:37) Infusion of bark taken or bathed in by ball players "to ward off tacklers." Crataegus submollis Rosaceae Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Haw Decoction and doll used to "make a person break out like cancer." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:351) Crepis acuminata Asteraceae Shoshone Analgesic. Hawksbeard (81:62) Poultice of seeds or plant applied to relieve sore breasts after childbirth. Shoshone Eye medicine. Hawksbeard (81:62) Pulverized root sprinkled in eye to dislodge object and clear inflammation. Shoshone Gynecological aid. Hawksbeard (81:62) Poultice of seeds or whole plant applied to sore breasts to induce milk flow. Grepis runcinata Asteraceae Fox Cancer treatment. Hawksbeard, naked stemmed (62:213) Poultice of whole plant applied "to open up a carbuncle or cancer." Fox Dermatological aid. Hawksbeard, naked stemmed (62:213) Poultice of entire plant applied to "open up" a carbuncle or cancer. Crepis Bp. Asteraceae Paiute Dermatological aid. CREPIS SCOPULORUM Hawksbeard (81:62) Latex applied to bee stings or insect bites. . . . . . . . Shoshone Eye medicine. CREPIS SCOPULORUM Hawksbeard (81:62) Decoction of root used as a wash for sore eyes. . . . .. Shoshone Gynecological aid. CREPIS SCOPULORUM Hawksbeard (81:62) Poultice of mashed plant applied to women's caked breasts. Grotalaria sagittalis Fabaceae Delaware-Okl Narcotic. CROTOLARIA SAGGITALIS Rattle box . (77:29,74) Root considered to be a very strong narcotic. . ..... Delaware-Okl Venereal aid. CROTOLARIA SAGGITALIS Rattle box Root used to treat venereal disease. ...... . . (77:29,74) Mohegan Blood medicine. Rattle box (78:72,128) Root used to make a medicine taken as a blood purifier. Croton cali/omicus Euphorbiaceae Luisenos Abortifacient. Plant used for abortions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (65:231) Groton sp. Euphorbiaceae Mahuna Kidney aid. CROTON CORYMBOSUS Spurge Infusion of plant taken for kidney infections. (55:68)

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Genera

Croton

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Croton texensis Euphorbiaceae Apache Cathartic. Croton (53:156) Infusion of plant taken for stomach troubles and as a purgative. Apache Gast-intestinal aid. Croton Infusion of plant taken for stomach troubles and as a purgative. (53:156) Hopi Emetic. Plant used as an emetic to "relieve the stomach." · (88:34,84) Hopi Eye medicine. · (88:33,84) Plant used in a very strong eyewash. . . . . . Pawnee Pediatric aid. Decoction of leaves used to bathe sick babies. (30:99) Zuni Antiemetic. Croton (72:45) Decoction of plant taken for "sick stomach." Zuni Cathartic. Croton (72:45) Decoction of plant taken as a purgative and a diuretic. Zuni Diuretic. Croton (72:45) Decoction of plant taken as a purgative and a diuretic. Cryptantha crassisepala Boraginaceae Hopi Dermatological aid. (88:32-3,88) Plant used for boils or any swelling. Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. (91:39) Plant used as a lotion for itching. . Zuni Stimulant. CRYPTANTHE CRASSISEPALA (72:45) Hot infusion of pulverized plant applied to limbs to relieve fatigue. Cryptantha fendlen Boraginaceae Navaho-Ramah Cough medicine. (84:40) Decoction of plant taken as a cough remedy. Cryptantha /lava Boraginaceae Navaho-Kayenta Eye medicine. (91:39) Plant used as a dusting powder for sore eyes. Navaho-Kayenta Gast-intestinal aid. (91:39) Plant used for intestinal inflammation. Navaho-Kayenta Gynecological aid. (91:39) Plant used for postpartum purification. Cryptantha fulvocanescens Boraginaceae Navaho Analgesic. OREOCARYA FULVOCANESCENS (23:72) Plant used for pain from a fall. . . . . . . . . Navaho Cold remedy. OREOCARYA FULVOCANESCENS (23:72) Plant chewed for coughs and colds. . . . . . . . . Navaho Cough medicine. OREOCARYA FULVOCANESCENS (23:72) Plant chewed for coughs and colds. Navaho Gynecological aid. (38:150) Decoction of plants taken at childbirth. Navaho-Ramah Snake bite remedy. (84:40) Cold infusion used as lotion for snake bite. Navaho-Ramah Toothache remedy. (84:40) Poultice of leaves applied for toothache. . Cryptantha jamesii Boraginaceae Hopi Analgesic. Poultice of pounded plant applied for body pains. . . . . . . . . . . . · (88:32,88) Navaho-Kayenta Disinfectant. (91:40) Plant given to newborn infant for prenatal snake or toad infection. Navaho-Kayenta Pediatric aid. (91:40) Plant given to newborn infant for prenatal snake or toad infection. Navaho-Kayenta Snake bite remedy. (91:40) Poultice of plant applied or plant used as lotion for snake bites. Navaho-Kayenta Veterinary aid. (91:40) Poultice of plant applied or plant used as lotion for livestock snake bites. Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. (84:40) Root used as ceremonial medicine. . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. (84:40) Poultice of root or powdered root applied to sores. Navaho-Ramah Other. (84:40) Cold infusion of root used as "life medicine." . . . Navaho-Ramah Pediatric aid. Cold infusion of whole plant used for birth injury. (84:40) Cryptantha sp. Boraginaceae Navaho-Kayenta Disinfectant. Plant used for coyote infection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (91:39)

Genera

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141

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Cucurbita

Table 1: Genera - Oucurbita foetidissima Cucurbitaceae Dakota Panacea. PEPO FOETIDISSIMA Gourd, wild Root as a remedy for any ailment, according to the doctrine of signatures. Kiowa Emetic. Gourd, Missouri Decoction of peeled roots taken as an emetic. Omaha Analgesic. CUCURBITA PERENNIS Pulverized root mixed with water taken for pains. Omaha Dietary aid. Plant used as a tonic and appetizer. Omaha Gynecological aid. CUCURBITA PERENNIS Root used in cases of protracted labor. . . . . Omaha Panacea. PEPO FOETIDISSIMA Gourd, wild Root as a remedy for any ailment, according to the doctrine of signatures. Omaha Tonic. Plant used as a tonic and appetizer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Cathartic. Gourd, desert Decoction of root taken as an emetic and a physic to treat venereal disease. Paiute Dermatological aid. Gourd, desert Decoction of root said to kill maggots in wounds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Emetic. Gourd, desert Decoction of root taken as an emetic and a physic to treat venereal disease. Paiute Venereal aid. Gourd, desert Decoction of root taken as an emetic and physic to cure venereal diseases. Pulverized seeds sprinkled on venereal sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pawnee Panacea. PEPO FOETIDISSIMA Gourd, wild Root as a remedy for any ailment, according to the doctrine of signatures. Ponca Panacea. PEPO FOETIDISSIMA Gourd, wild Root as a remedy for any ailment, according to the doctrine of signatures. Shoshone Cathartic. Gourd, desert Decoction of root taken as an emetic and a physic to treat venereal disease. Shoshone Emetic. Gourd, desert Decoction of root taken as an emetic and a physic to treat venereal disease. Shoshone Venereal aid. Gourd, desert Decoction of root taken as an emetic and physic to cure venereal diseases. Tewa Laxative. Gourd, wild Infusion of pulverized root taken as a laxative. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Winnebago Panacea. PEPO FOETIDISSIMA Gourd, wild Root as a remedy for any ailment, according to the doctrine of signatures. Oucurbita maxima Cucurbitaceae Ojibwa Diuretic. Squash Infusion of seeds taken as a diuretic. Oucurbita pepo Cucurbitaceae Cherokee Anthelmintic. Pumpkin Browned seeds eaten to stop bedwetting; also, seeds eaten for worms. Cherokee Ceremonial medicine. Pumpkin Used as an ingredient in green corn medicine. Cherokee Diuretic. Pumpkin Taken as a diuretic; also, taken for "dropsy." Cherokee Kidney aid. Pumpkin Taken as a diuretic; also, taken for "dropsy." Cherokee Urinary aid. Pumpkin Browned seeds eaten to stop bedwetting; also, seeds eaten for worms. Taken for "gravel," for "scalding of the urine," & spasms of urinary passage .. Fox Gynecological aid. Squash Decoction of stem used as a medicine for "female ills." . . . . . . . . Menominee Diuretic. Squash Pulverized seeds taken in water "to facilitate the passage of urine." Navaho Gast-intestinal aid. Pumpkin Leaves are used for upset stomachs. . ......... . Pima Dermatological aid. Pumpkin Ground seed paste used to cleanse and soften the skin. Zuni Antirheumatic - Ext. Squash Ingredient in schumaakwe cakes used ext. for rheumatism and swelling. Zuni Dermatological aid. Squash Ingredient in "schumaakwe cakes," used externally for rheumatism & swelling. Poultice of seeds and blossoms applied to cactus scratches. . . . . . . . . . . . . Oucurbita sp. Cucurbitaceae Cheyenne Antirheumatic - Int. Squash Infusion of rind taken for rheumatism and arthritis. Cheyenne Diuretic. Squash Infusion of rind taken as a diuretic and laxative. . .

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Genera

(30:116,117) (85:53) (25:584) (28:335) (25:585) (30:116,117) · . (28:335) · (81:62,63) · (81:62,63) · (81:62,63) · (81:62,63) · (81:62,63) (30:116,117) (30:116,117) · (81:62,63) · (81:62,63) · (81:62,63) (54:63) (30:116,117) (63:367) (35:51) (35:51) (35:51) (35:51) (35:51) (35:51) (62:220) (61:33) (38:150) (17:72) (72:45) · (72:45,46) · (72:45,46) (36:24) (36:24)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Cucurbita

Table 1: Genera - Oucurbita sp. Cucurbitaceae Cheyenne Ear medicine. Squash Infusion of rind taken for venereal disease, heart problems and earaches. (36:24) CheyeI!ne Febrifuge. Squash Infusion of rind taken for kidney troubles, tuberculosis and fevers. (36:24) Cheyenne Heart medicine. Squash Infusion of rind taken for venereal disease, heart problems and earaches. (36:24) Cheyenne Kidney aid. Squash Infusion of rind taken for kidney troubles, tuberculosis and fevers. (36:24) Cheyenne Laxative. Squash Infusion of rind taken as a diuretic and laxative. . . . . . . . . . . . (36:24) Cheyenne Tuberculosis remedy. Squash (36:24) Infusion of rind taken for kidney troubles, tuberculosis and fevers. Cheyenne Venereal aid. Squash (36:24) Infusion of rind taken for venereal disease, heart problems and earaches. Coahuilla Veterinary aid. CUCERBITA PERENNIS Mock orange Poultice of crushed root and sugar applied to saddle sores on horses. .. . (2:80) Ounila origanoides Lamiaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Dittany (35:32) Infusion taken for colds, headache, & fever; also, to increase perspiration. Cherokee Cold remedy. Dittany (35:32) Infusion taken for colds, headache, & fever; also, to increase perspiration. Cherokee Diaphoretic. Dittany (35:32) Infusion taken for colds, headache, & fever; also, to increase perspiration. Cherokee Febrifuge. Dittany (35:32) Infusion taken for colds, headache, & fever; also, to increase perspiration. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Dittany (35:32) Strong infusion taken to increase labor pains and aid in childbirth. Cherokee Snake bite remedy. Dittany (35:32) Used as a tonic and a stimulant; also, used as a snake bite remedy. Cherokee Stimulant. Dittany (35:32) Used as a tonic and a stimulant; also, used as a snake bite remedy. Cherokee Tonic. Dittany (35:32) Used as a tonic and a stimulant; also, used as a snake bite remedy. OuPreBBUB macrocarpa Cupressaceae Costanoan Antirheumatic - Int. Decoction of foliage used for rheumatism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (5:6) OupreBBUB nevadenBiB Cupressaceae Kawaiisu Analgesic. Cypress, Piute (92:22) Decoction of dried seeds taken for colds, coughing and sore chest. Kawaiisu Cold remedy. Cypress, Piute (92:22) Decoction of dried seeds taken for colds, coughing and sore chest. Kawaiisu Cough medicine. Cypress, Piute (92:22) Decoction of dried seeds taken for colds, coughing and sore chest. Kawaiisu Gynecological aid. Cypress, Piute (92:22) Hot or cold infusion of cones taken for kidney or menstruation problems. Kawaiisu Kidney aid. Cypress, Piute (92:22) Hot or cold infusion of cones taken for kidney or menstruation problems. Kawaiisu Orthopedic aid. Cypress, Piute (92:22) Hot or cold infusion of cones taken for backaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ouscuta califomica Convolvulaceae Kawaiisu Hemostat. Dodder, California Chewed stem juice or powdered plant snuffed up the nose for nosebleeds. . . . . . . . . . . (92:23) Ouscuta gronovii Convolvulaceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Dodder, common (35:32) Used as poultice for bruises. . . . . . . . . . Ouscuta megalocarpa Convolvulaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. CUSCUTA CURTA Dodder (84:39) Plant used as ceremonial emetic. . . . . . .. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. CUSCUTA CURTA Dodder (84:39) Plant used as ceremonial emetic. . . . . . . . Ouscuta paradoxa Convolvulaceae Pawnee Love medicine. Dodder (30:110) Vine used by girls to divine sincerity of suitors. Ouscuta sp. Convolvulaceae Paiute Contraceptive. Dodder (81:63) Plant, known as "woman without children," eaten by women as a contraceptive. Pima Poison. Strangle weed (17:66) Plant is poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Genera

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143

Cycloloma

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Cycloloma atriplicifolium Chenopodiaceae Hopi Analgesic. Plant used for fever, headache, rheumatism, and "lightning sickness." · (88:33,74) Hopi Antirheumatic - Int. Plant used for fever, headache, rheumatism, and "lightning sickness." · (88:32,74) Hopi Febrifuge. Plant used for fever, headache, rheumatism, and "lightning sickness .. " · (88:32,74) Cymopterus bulbo8U8 Apiaceae Navaho-Ramah Other. Plant used as "life medicine." (84:38) Cymopterus newberryi Apiaceae Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Infusion of plant taken and used as a lotion for wounds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (91:34) Cymopterus purpurascens Apiaceae Navaho-Kayenta Analgesic. Plant used for backaches. (91:34) Navaho-Kayenta Antiemetic. . Plant used to settle stomach after vomiting from swallowing a fly. (91:34) Navaho-Kayenta Gast-intestinal aid. Plant used to settle stomach after vomiting from swallowing a fly. (91:34) Navaho-Kayenta Orthopedic aid. Plant used for backaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (91:34) Cymopterus sp. Apiaceae Paiute Insecticide. CYMOPTERUS GLOBOSUS Decoction of roots used as an insecticide. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (81:63,64) Cynoglo8sum boreale Boraginaceae Ojibwa Analgesic. Hound's tongue Plant burned on live coals, fumes inhaled to cure a headache. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (63:359,360) Cynoglo88um grande Boraginaceae Concow Burn dressing. Blue buttons (16:382) Grated roots used for inflamed burns and scalds. Potter Valley Gast-intestinal aid. Blue buttons (16:382) Grated roots used for stomachaches. Potter Valley Venereal aid. Blue buttons Root used for venereal diseases. (16:382) Cynoglo88Um officinale Boraginaceae Iroquois Antihemorrhagic. Hound's tongue (37:420) Compound infusion of plants taken for consumption with hemorrhage. Iroquois Cancer treatment. Hound's tongue (37:421) Decoction of plant used as wash and applied as poultice to leg cancer. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Hound's tongue (37:421) Compound infusion used as wash and applied as poultice to running sores. Iroquois Kidney aid. Hound's tongue (37:421) Compound infusion used as wash and applied as poultice for dropsy. Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Hound's tongue (37:420) Compound infusion of plants taken for consumption with hemorrhage. Iroquois Venereal aid. Hound's tongue Decoction of roots taken and as wash for internal venereal disease. (37:421) Cynoglo88Um virginianum Boraginaceae Cherokee Cancer treatment. GYNOGLOSSUM VIRGINIANUM Comfrey, wild (35:30) Compound decoction of roots given for itch; also, root used for cancer. Cherokee Ceremonial medicine. GYNOGLOSSUM VIRGINIANUM Comfrey, wild (35:30) Used as an ingredient in green corn medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Dermatological aid. GYNOGLOSSUM VIRGINIANUM Comfrey, wild Compound decoction of roots given for itch; also, root used for cancer. (35:30) Cherokee Dermatological aid. Comfrey, wild Decoction of roots used as a bath and taken for itching genitals. . . . (79:52) Cherokee Psychological aid. GYNOGLOSSOM VIRGINIANUM Comfrey, wild Compound decoction taken every four days for "bad memory." (35:30) Cherokee Urinary aid. GYNOGLOSSUM VIRGINIANUM Comfrey, wild Root syrup taken for milky urine; also, compound decoction for bad memory. (35:30) Cyperus esculentus Cyperaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Chufa Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. (84:19) Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Chufa Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. (84:19) Pima Cold remedy. Chufa Roots chewed for coughs and colds. (17:98) Pima Cough medicine. Chufa Roots chewed for coughs and colds. (17:98)

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Genera

Cyperus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Cyperus esculentus Cyperaceae Pima Snake bite remedy. Chufa Poultice of chewed roots applied to snake bites. Pima Veterinary aid. Chufa Chewed roots placed in horse's nostrils as a stimulant. Cypripedium acaule Orchidaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Lady's slipper Root used for neuralgia and other pain; infusion taken for "rupture pains." Cherokee Anthelmintic. Lady's slipper Infusion taken for "female trouble;" also, infusion of root given for worms. Cherokee Anticonvulsive. Lady's slipper Roots used for "spasms" and "fits;" also, for "hysterical affections." Cherokee Cold remedy. Lady's slipper Infusion of root taken for colds; also, hot infusion of root taken for flu. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Lady's slipper Compound infusion taken for stomach cramps; also, taken for kidney trouble. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Lady's slipper . Infusion taken for ''female trouble;" also, infusion of root given for worms. Cherokee Kidney aid. Lady's slipper Compound infusion taken for stomach cramps; also, taken for kidney trouble. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Lady's slipper Infusion taken for diabetes; also, hot infusion of root taken for flu. Cherokee Sedative. Lady's slipper Roots used for "spasms" and "fits;" also, for "hysterical affections." Fox Love medicine. Moccasin flower . Compound containing root used as a love medicine. . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Analgesic. Lady's slipper, pink Decoction taken for pains allover the skin and body; caused by bad blood. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Lady's slipper, pink Poultice of smashed leaves bound to bite of mad dog. Menominee Other. Lady's slipper, stemless Root used in "male disorders." . Micmac Sedative. Lady's slipper Root used to treat nervousness. Penobscot Sedative. Lady's slipper Infusion of plant taken for "nervousness." Rappahannock Panacea. CYPREPEDIUM ACAULE Slip root Compound of dried roots and whiskey taken for general ailments. Oypripedium arietinum Orchidaceae Iroquois Analgesic. Lady's slipper, ram's head Decoction of whole plant taken for intestinal trouble with inflation & pains. Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Lady's slipper, ram's head Decoction of whole plant taken for intestinal trouble with inflation & pains. Cypripedium calceolus Orchidaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Lady's slipper Root used for neuralgia and other pain; infusion taken for "rupture pains." Cherokee Anthelmintic. Lady's slipper Infusion taken for ''female trouble;" also, infusion of root given for worms. Cherokee Anthelmintic. Lady's slipper, small yellow Decoction of roots taken for worms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Anticonvulsive. Lady's slipper Roots used for "spasms" and "fits;" also, for "hysterical affections." Cherokee Cold remedy. Lady's slipper Infusion of root taken for colds; also, hot infusion of root taken for flu. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Lady's slipper Compound infusion taken for stomach cramps; also, taken for kidney trouble. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Lady's slipper Infusion taken for "female trouble;" also, infusion of root given for worms. Cherokee Kidney aid. Lady's slipper Compound infusion taken for stomach cramps; also, taken for kidney trouble. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Lady's slipper Infusion taken for diabetes; also, hot infusion of root taken for flu. Cherokee Sedative. Lady's slipper Roots used for "spasms" and "fits;" also, for "hysterical affections." Iroquois Blood medicine. Lady's slipper, yellow Compound decoction taken as blood medicine when "blood is bad from scrofula." Iroquois Febrifuge. Lady's slipper, yellow Compound decoction taken when "blood gets bad, cold;" for fever and soreness. Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Lady's slipper, yellow Compound decoction taken when "blood gets bad, cold;" for fever and soreness.

Genera

(17:98) (17:98) (35:42) (35:42) (35:42) (35:42) (35:42) (35:42) (35:42) (35:42) (35:42) (62:223,224) (37:289) (37:289) (61:44) (15:56) (66:310) (69:32) (37:288) (37:288) (35:42) (35:42) (79:11) (35:42) (35:42) (35:42) (35:42) (35:42) (35:42) (35:42) (37:289) (37:288) (37:288)

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145

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Cypripedium

Table 1: Genera - Cypripedium calceolus Orchidaceae

Iroquois Other. Lady's slipper, yellow Used as a nerve medicine. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Sedative. Lady's slipper, yellow Infusion of root taken for nervousness or lack of energy. . . . . . . . Iroquois Stimulant. Lady's slipper, yellow Root decoction or infusion taken for nervousness, tiredness & lack of energy.. Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Lady's slipper, yellow Compound decoction taken as blood medicine when "blood is bad from scrofula." Menominee Gynecological aid. CYPRIPEDIUM PARVIFLORUM Lady's slipper, yellow Plant used in "female disorders." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Menominee Hallucinogen. CYPRIPEDIUM PARVIFLORUM Lady's slipper, yellow Plant used in sacred bundles to induce dreams of the supernatural. . . . . Ojibwa Gynecological aid. CYPRIPEDIUM PARVIFLORUM Lady's slipper, yellow Root used as a good remedy for all female troubles. . ....... . Cypripedium sp. Orchidaceae Chippewa Dermatological aid. CYPRIPEDIUM HIRSUTUM Lady's slipper Poultice of chopped, moistened root applied to inflammations. Chippewa Gast-intestinal aid. CYPRIPEDIUM HIRSUTUM Lady's slipper Infusion of root taken in small doses for indigestion. . . . . . . . . . Chippewa Toothache remedy. CYPRIPEDIUM HIRSUTUM Lady's slipper Dried, powdered root moistened and applied to decayed teeth for toothache. Cystopteris fragiJ.is Polypodiaceae Cherokee Febrifuge. CYSTOPTERIS PROTRUSA Fern, bladder Compound infusion given for chills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Fern, brittle Cold compound infusion of plant taken and used as lotion for injury. Dalea aurea Fabaceae Dakota Antidiarrheal. P AROSELA AUREA Decoction of leaves used for colic and dysentery. Infusion of leaves taken for stomachaches and dysentery. Dakota Gast-intestinal aid. P AROSELA AUREA Decoction of leaves used for colic and dysentery. . . . . . Infusion of leaves taken for stomachaches and dysentery. Dalea Jremontii Fabaceae Paiute Antihemorrhagic. Decoction of root or plant tops taken to stop internal hemorrhages. Shoshone Gast-intestinal aid. Decoction of roots taken for stomach trouble. . . . . . . . . . . . .. Dalea polyadenia Fabaceae Paiute Analgesic. Smokebush Decoction of stem taken for muscular pain; stem chewed for facial neuralgia. Decoction of stems taken for stomachaches. Paiute Antidiarrheal. Smoke bush Strong infusion of plant taken for diarrhea. Paiute Antirheumatic - Ext. Smokebush Hot decoction of plant used as a wash for rheumatism. Paiute Cold remedy. Smokebush Plant used in a variety of ways for coughs and colds. Paiute Cough medicine. Smokebush Plant used in a variety of ways for coughs and colds. Paiute Dermatological aid. Smokebush Powdered, dried stems or crushed fresh stems used to treat sores. Paiute Disinfectant. Smokebush Simple/compound decoction of stems & tops as an antiseptic bath for measles. Simple/compound decoction of stems & tops as an antiseptic bath for smallpox. Paiute Diuretic. Smoke bush Decoction of plant tops taken to induce urination. Paiute Gast-intestinal aid. Smokebush Decoction of plant taken for stomachaches. Paiute Kidney aid. Smoke bush Compound decoction of stems and tops taken for kidney ailments. Paiute Misc disease remedy. Smokebush Decoction of plant taken and used as an antiseptic wash for measles. Decoction of plant used as an antiseptic wash for smallpox. Decoction of stems taken for influenza. Paiute Orthopedic aid. Smokebush Infusion of plant taken for muscular pains. Paiute Pulmonary aid. Smokebush Plant used in several ways for pneumonia and tuberculosis. Sweetened decoction of stems taken for whooping cough.

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Genera

(37:289) (37:289) (37:289) (37:289) (61:44) (61:44) (63:377) (21:348) (21:342) (21:342) (35:33) (84:11) (30:94) (29:366) (30:94) (29:366) (81:64) (81:64) · (81:64-66) · (81:64-66) · (81:64-66) · (81:64-66) · (81:64-66) · (81:64-66) · (81:64-66) · (81:64-66) · (81:64-66) · (81:64-66) · (81:64-66) · (81:64-66) · (81:64-66) · (81:64-66) · (81:64-66) · (81:64-66) · (81:64-66) · (81:64-66)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Dalea

Table 1: Genera -Dalea polyadenia Fabaceae Paiute Toothache remedy. Smokebush Stems chewed for toothache or face neuralgia. . . . . . . . . · (81:64-66) Paiute Tuberculosis remedy. Smokebush Plant used in several ways for pneumonia and tuberculosis. · (81:64-66) Paiute Venereal aid. Smokebush Decoction of plant taken for venereal diseases. . . . . . . . . · (81:64-66) Shoshone Analgesic. Smokebush Decoction of plant tops taken to cure pains in the back over the kidneys. · (81:64-66) Decoction of stems taken for stomachaches. · (81:64-66) Shoshone Antidiarrheal. Smokebush Strong infusion of plant taken for diarrhea. · (81:64-66) Shoshone Cold remedy. Smokebush Plant used in a variety of ways for coughs and colds. · (81:64-66) Shoshone Cough medicine. Smokebush Plant used in a variety of ways for coughs and colds. · (81:64-66) Shoshone Disinfectant. Smokebush Simple/compound decoction of stems & tops as an antiseptic bath for smallpox. · (81:64-66) Shoshone Gast-intestinal aid. Smokebush Decoction of plant taken for stomachaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · (81:64-66) Shoshone Kidney aid. Smokebush Simple/compound decoction of plant tops for kidney pain, urine incontinence. · (81:64-66) Shoshone Misc disease remedy. Smokebush Decoction of stems taken for influenza. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. · (81:64-66) Simple or compound decoction of plant taken and used as a wash for smallpox. · (81:64-66) Shoshone Pulmonary aid. Smokebush Plant used in several ways for pneumonia and tuberculosis. · (81:64-66) Shoshone Tuberculosis remedy. Smokebush Plant used in several ways for pneumonia and tuberculosis. · (81:64-66) Shoshone Urinary aid. Smokebush Decoction of plant tops taken to cure kidney pain and incontinence of urine. · (81:64-66) Shoshone Venereal aid. Smokebush Decoction of plant taken for venereal diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · (81:64-66) Dalea 8p. Fabaceae Dakota Poison. PAROSELA ENNEANDRA (29:366) Root is poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. PAROSELA LANATA Poultice of plant applied to centipede bites. .. . . . (91:28) Dalibarda repens Rosaceae Iroquois Blood medicine. Violet, star Complex compound decoction of powdered plants taken as a blood purifier. (37:357) Iroquois Venereal aid. Violet, star Complex compound decoction of powdered plants taken for venereal disease. (37:357) Daphne mezereum Thymelaeaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Mezeron Bark of root used to relieve nocturnal pains of venereal disease. (35:32) Bark of root used to relieve pains of venereal disease. .. . . . . . (35:32) Cherokee Diaphoretic. Mezeron (35:32) Used as a stimulant & a diaphoretic; bark of root used for venereal disease. Cherokee Stimulant. Mezeron (35:32) Used as a stimulant & a diaphoretic; bark of root used for venereal disease. Cherokee Venereal aid. Mezeron Bark of root used to relieve pains of venereal disease. . . . . . . . . . . (35:32) Dasystoma sp. Scrophulariaceae Chickasaw Emetic. DASYSTOMA PEDICULARIA Foxglove, fern leaved false Plant used as an anti-scorbutic and an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (9:289) Chickasaw Misc disease remedy. D ASYSTOMA PEDICULARIA Foxglove, fern leaved false Plant used as an anti-scorbutic and an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (9:289) Datisca glomerata Datiscaceae Costanoan Throat aid. Decoction of plant used for sore throat and swollen tonsils. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (5:9) Datum discolor Solanaceae Pima Analgesic. Jimson weed Infusion of leaves taken to mitigate the pains of childbirth. . . . . . . . (17:85) Pima Dermatological aid. Jimson weed (17:85) Poultice of pounded leaves applied to sores or to draw pus from a boil. Pima Ear medicine. Jimson weed (17:85) Poultice of heated flowers applied to ears for earaches. Pima Eye medicine. Jimson weed Plant juice used as a wash for sore eyes. . . . . . . . . . (17:85)

Genera

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147

Datura

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Datura discolor Solanaceae Pima Gast-intestinal aid. Jimson weed Plant used for hemorrhoids and ulcers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pima Gynecological aid. Jimson weed Infusion of leaves taken to mitigate the pains of childbirth. Pima Hemorrhoid remedy. Jimson weed Plant used for hemorrhoids and ulcers . . . . . . . Pima Other. Jimson weed Roots chewed to become crazy for "bad disease." Datura meteloides Solanaceae Apache Ceremonial medicine. Jimson weed Powdered roots used in the religious-medicine ceremonies. Apache Disinfectant. Jimson weed Plant juice or ground flowers and roots used as a disinfectant. Apache Narcotic. Jimson weed Powdered roots used as a narcotic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Coahuilla Hallucinogen. Plant used as a "delirient," but with extreme danger, as it can cause death. Coahuilla Poison. Pulverized plant given with water to cause death; now almost wholly avoided. , Coahuilla Veterinary aid. Crushed plant, mixed with water, rubbed into saddle sores on horses. Costanoan Analgesic. Poultice of heated leaves applied for chest pains. Costanoan Cathartic. Dried leaves smoked as a purgative and as a hallucinogen. Costanoan Dermatological aid. Ground leaves used as a salve for boils. Costanoan Eye medicine. Flower dew used as an eyewash. . . . . Costanoan Hallucinogen. Dried leaves smoked as a purgative and as a hallucinogen. Costanoan Love medicine. Seeds and tobacco smoked as an aphrodisiac. . . . . . . .. Costanoan Respiratory aid. Poultice of heated leaves applied for respiratory problems. Hopi Hallucinogen. Jimson weed Roots chewed by doctor to induce visions while making diagnosis. Hopi Narcotic. Jimson weed Plant well known for its narcotic properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hopi Poison. Jimson weed Plant is sometimes fatal; given to a person "who is mean" to cure "meanness." Hopi Stimulant. Jimson weed Plant rarely used as a stimulant as it is sometimes fatal. . . . . . . Luisenos Ceremonial medicine. Jimson weed Root juice used in boys' puberty ceremony to induce stupefaction. Luisenos Narcotic. Jimson weed Root juice used in boys' puberty ceremony to induce stupefaction. Mahuna Dermatological aid. Jimson weed, American Plant used as an antivenom for rattlesnake and tarantula bites. Mahuna Narcotic. Jimson weed, American Smoked leaves or infusion of leaves taken as a narcotic. Mahuna Poison. Jimson weed, American Plant is poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mahuna Snake bite remedy. Jimson weed, American Plant used as an antivenom for rattlesnake and tarantula bites. Navaho Veterinary aid. Thornapple Infusion of leaf used as wash for wounds of sheep after castration. Navaho-Kayenta Narcotic. Plant used as a narcotic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Orthopedic aid. Poultice of plant applied for sprains and fractures. Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Datura, sacred Cold infusion of root taken & used as lotion for pain of injury; a narcotic. Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Datura, sacred Plant used as ceremonial medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Hallucinogen. Datura, sacred Plant causes hallucinations; "you drunk like from whisky." Navaho-Ramah Hunting medicine. Datura, sacred Plant mixed with pollen smoked by hunters to make deer tame.

148

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Genera

(17:85) (17:85) (17:85) (17:85) (53:156) (53:156) (53:156) (2:80) (2:75) (2:80) (5:14) (5:14) (5:14) (5:14) (5:14) (5:14) (5:14) . (88:31,89) (88:89) (88:89) . (88:31,89) (65:229) (65:229) (55:43) (55:43) (55:43) (55:43) (38:160) (91:41) (91:41) (84:42) (84:42) (84:42) (84:42)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Datura

Table 1: Genera - Datura meteloides Solanaceae Navaho-Ramah Narcotic. Datura, sacred Cold infusion of root taken & used as lotion for pain of injury; a narcotic. Navaho-Ramah Veterinary aid. Datura, sacred Cold infusion of flower as eyewash for blindness in horses; lotion for sores. Navaho-Ramah Witchcraft medicine. Datura, sacred Plant used by witches, but cannot harm one who knows how to use it. Paiute Narcotic. Jimson weed Roots used to make a narcotic tea; not used medicinally. Shoshone Narcotic. Jimson weed Roots used to make a narcotic tea; not used medicinally. Tubatulabal Antirheumatic - Int. Jimson weed Infusion of plant taken for rheumatism. Tubatulabal Dermatological aid. Jimson weed Plant used for bloat, constipation and wounds. Poultice of dried, pounded root applied to sores to relieve inflammation. Tubatulabal Gast-intestinal aid. Jimson weed Plant used for bloat, constipation and wounds. Tubatulabal Laxative. Jimson weed Plant used for bloat, constipation and wounds. Tubatulabal Sedative. Jimson weed Cold infusion of plant taken to fall into a stupor. Zuni Anesthetic. Jamestown weed Powdered root given as a narcotic and anesthetic for surgery. Zuni Dermatological aid. Jamestown weed Poultice of root and flower meal applied to wounds to promote healing. Zuni Narcotic. Jamestown weed Powdered root given as a narcotic and anesthetic for surgery. Datura Bp. Solanaceae Kawaiisu Analgesic. DATURA WRIGHTII Jimson weed Infusion of mashed roots taken for the pain and mending of broken bones. Plant used for pain and swellings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kawaiisu Antirheumatic - Ext. DATURA WRIGHTII Jimson weed Infusion of mashed roots used as a bath for rheumatic and arthritic limbs. Kawaiisu Ceremonial medicine. DATURA WRIGHTII Jimson weed Plant used for the puberty ceremony. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kawaiisu Dermatological aid. DATURA WRIGHTII Jimson weed Plant used for swellings and as a wash for cuts. . . . . . . Kawaiisu Hallucinogen. DATURA WRIGHTII Jimson weed Plant used as a hallucinogen to induce dreams and visions. Kawaiisu Orthopedic aid. DATURA WRIGHTII Jimson weed Infusion of mashed roots taken for the pain and mending of broken bones. Kawaiisu Pediatric aid. DATURA WRIGHTII Jimson weed Plant used for the puberty ceremony. . . . . . . Kawaiisu Poison. DATURA WRIGHTII Jimson weed Plant is poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho Analgesic. Jimson weed Plant used as pain killer for headaches and toothaches. Navaho Ceremonial medicine. Jimson weed Raw dried roots chewed in a ceremony for chills and fevers. Navaho Eye medicine. Jimson weed Plant used for trachoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho Febrifuge. Jimson weed Raw dried roots chewed in a ceremony for chills and fevers. Navaho Toothache remedy. Jimson weed Plant used as pain killer for headaches and toothaches. Navaho Veterinary aid. Jimson weed Infusion of leaves used as a wash on castration wounds of sheep. Datura stramonium Solanaceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Jimson weed Smoked for asthma; also, poultice of wilted leaves used on boils. Cherokee Respiratory aid. Jimson weed Smoked for asthma; also, poultice of wilted leaves used on boils. Delaware-Okl Dermatological aid. Jimson weed Poultice of seeds and leaves applied to wounds. Delaware-Okl Hemorrhoid remedy. Jimson weed Crushed seeds with tallow used as a salve to treat piles. Mohegan Dermatological aid. Jimson weed Poultice of crushed leaves applied to cuts; considered a "powerful plant." Rappahannock Dermatological aid. Jimson weed Decoction of green or parched leaves used as salve on wounds. . . . . . .

Genera

(84:42) (84:42) (84:42) · (81:66,67) · (81:66,67) (86:59) (86:59) (86:59) (86:59) (86:59) (86:59) · (72:46,48) · (72:46,48) · (72:46,48) (92:23) (92:23) (92:23) (92:23) (92:23) (92:23) (92:23) (92:23) (92:23) (23:73) (23:73) (23:73) (23:73) (23:73) (23:73) (35:41) (35:41) · (77:31,74) · (77:31,74) (78:72,128) ..

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(69:27)

149

Datura

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Datura stramonium Solanaceae Rappahannock Dermatological aid. Jimson weed Decoction of leaves applied to parts affected with fever and inflammation. (69:28) Rappahannock Febrifuge. Jimson weed Decoction of leaves applied to parts affected with fever and inflammation. (69:28) Poultice of parched leaves bound to fevered part, seeds and leaves poisonous. (69:27) Rappahannock Poison. Jimson weed Poultice of parched leaves bound to fevered part, seeds and leaves poisonous. (69:28) Rappahannock Pulmonary aid. Jimson weed Mash from decoction of leaves applied as poultice to the chest for pneumonia.. (69:28) Rappahannock Throat aid. Jimson weed Compound poultice with crushed seeds rubbed on sore throat. . . . . . . . . . . (69:27) Daucus carota Apiaceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Queen Anne's lace Infusion used as wash for swelling. . . . . . . (35:51) Delaware-Okl Other. Carrot, wild Infusion of fresh blossoms taken for diabetes. . (77:29,76) Iroquois Blood medicine. Carrot, wild Decoction of roots taken by men for a blood disorder. (37:402) Iroquois Dermatological aid. Carrot, wild Decoction of roots taken by men for pimples and paleness. (37:402) Iroquois Dietary aid. Carrot, wild Decoction of roots taken by men with no appetite. (37:402) Iroquois Diuretic. Carrot, wild Decoction of roots taken for the stoppage of urine. (37:402) Iroquois Gynecological aid. Carrot, wild Plant used for fallen womb. No preparation or application indicated. (37:401) Micmac Cathartic. Carrot, wild Leaves used as a purgative. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (15:56) Mohegan Misc disease remedy. Carrot, wild Infusion of blossoms (must be full bloom when picked) taken for diabetes. (76:269) Mohegan Other. Carrot, wild Infusion of blossoms taken for diabetes; blossoms must be in full bloom. (78:72,130) Daucus pusillus Apiaceae Costanoan Blood medicine. Decoction of plant taken to clean the blood or for colds. (5:23) Costanoan Cold remedy. Decoction of plant taken to clean the blood or for colds. (5:23) Costahoan Dermatological aid. Decoction of plant taken for snake bites, itching and fevers. (5:23) Costanoan Febrifuge. Decoction of plant taken for snake bites, itching and fevers. (5:23) Costanoan Snake bite remedy. Decoction of plant taken for snake bites, itching and fevers. (5:23) Delphinium ajacis Ranunculaceae Cherokee Heart medicine. Larkspur Infusion taken "for heart;" also, root "makes cows drunk and kills them." . . . . . . . . . . (35:42) Delphinium hesperium Ranunculaceae Mendocino Ind Poison. Larkspur, blue Plant is poisonous to cattle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (16:347) Delphinium menziesii Ranunculaceae Chehalis Dermatological aid. Larkspur Poultice of stalks and roots applied to sores. (34:30) Chehalis Poison. Larkspur Whole plant is poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . (34:30) Thompson Ind Love medicine. Larkspur Plant used as a charm by women "to help them obtain & hold affection of men." (71:506) Delphinium nudicaule Ranunculaceae Mendocino Ind Narcotic. Larkspur, red Plant has narcotic properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (16:347) Delphinium scaposum Ranunculaceae Hopi Ceremonial medicine. Larkspur Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. (88:76) Hopi Emetic. Larkspur Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. . (88:34,76) Hopi Gynecological aid. Larkspur Compound decoction of plant used as a wash for mother after childbirth. (88:36,76) Navaho-Kayenta Gynecological aid. Plant eaten by women and goats to become prolific. (91:22) Navaho-Kayenta Veterinary aid. Plant eaten by women and goats to become prolific. (91:22)

150

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Genera

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Delphinium

Table 1: Genera - Delphinium sp. Ranunculaceae Gosiute Poison. DELPHINIUM BICOLOR Larkspur Plant is poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (14:367) Kawaiisu Orthopedic aid. DELPHINIUM PARRYI Larkspur (92:25) Dried, ground root used as a salve for swollen limbs. Delphinium tricorne Ranunculaceae Cherokee Heart medicine. Larkspur Infusion taken "for heart;" also, root "makes cows drunk and kills them." (35:42) Dennstaedtia punctilobula Polypodiaceae Cherokee Febrifuge. Fern, hay scented Compound infusion taken for chills. · (35:33,34) Mahuna Antihemorrhagic. Fern, American wild Plant used for hemorrhages of the lungs. (55:19) Dentaria diphylla Brassicaceae Delaware-Okl Gast-intestinal aid. Toothwort Compound containing root used as a stomach remedy. · (77:31,76) Delaware-Okl Tuberculosis remedy. Toothwort Compound containing root used to treat "scrofula." · (77:31,76) Delaware-Okl Venereal aid. Toothwort Compound containing root used to treat venereal disease. · (77:31,76) Micmac Sedative. Toothwort Root used as a tonic and as a sedative. . . . . . . . . . (15:56) Micmac Throat aid. Toothwort Root used to clear the throat and to treat hoarseness. (15:56) Micmac Tonic. Toothwort Root used as a tonic and as a sedative. (15:56) Descurainia pinnata Brassicaceae Navaho-Ramah Toothache remedy. Tansymustard Poultice of plant applied for toothache. (84:28) Descurainia richardsonii Brassicaceae Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. DESCURAINIA INCISA Plant used as lotion for frozen body parts. (91:23) Navaho-Kayenta Throat aid. DESCURAINIA INCISA Plant used as lotion for sore throats. (91:23) Descurainia sophia Brassicaceae Navaho-Ramah Toothache remedy. Tansymustard Poultice of plant applied for toothache. (84:28) Desmanthus illinoensis Fabaceae Paiute Eye medicine. Five seeds placed in eye at night to cure trachoma; washed out in morning. (81:67) Pawnee Dermatological aid. ACUAN ILLINOENSIS Spider bean Decoction of leaves used as a wash to cure the itch. '" . . . . . . . . . . . . (30:89) Desmodium canadense Fabaceae Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Tick trefoil, Canada Decoction of root taken for biliousness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:364) Desmodium glutinosum Fabaceae Iroquois Other. Tick trefoil, pointed leaved Cold infusion of smashed roots used as a "basket medicine." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:364) Desmodium illinoiense Fabaceae Fox Adjuvant. Tick trefoil, Illinois A powerful medicine in combination with others; uses unspecified. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (62:228) Desmodium nudifiorum Fabaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Tickseed, trefoil Infusion of root used as a wash for cramps. . . . . . . . . . . (35:59) Cherokee Oral aid. Tickseed, trefoil Roots chewed for sore gums and mouth, including pyorrhea. (35:59) Desmodium paniculatum Fabaceae Houma Analgesic. Beggar louse Infusion of roots in whiskey taken for weakness or cramps. (68:63) Houma Stimulant. Beggar louse Infusion of root in whiskey taken for weakness or cramps. (68:63) Desmodium perplexum Fabaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Tickseed, trefoil Infusion of root used as a wash for cramps. . . . . . . . . . . (35:59) Cherokee Oral aid. Tickseed, trefoil Roots chewed for sore gums and mouth, including pyorrhea. (35:59) Desmodium sp. Fabaceae Alabama Cold remedy. MEIBOMIA SP. Tick trefoil Plant used as emetic for lung trouble or bad colds. (75:663) Alabama Cold remedy. Tick trefoil Infusion of plant taken to cause vomiting for bad lung cold. (79:31)

Genera

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151

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Desmodium

Table 1: Genera - Desmodium sp. Fabaceae Alabama Emetic. MEIBOMIA SP. Tick trefoil Plant used as emetic for lung trouble or bad colds. (75:663) Alabama Emetic. Tick trefoil Infusion of plant taken to cause vomiting for bad lung cold. (79:31) Alabama Pulmonary aid. MEIBOMIA SP. Tick trefoil Plant used as emetic for lung trouble or bad colds. (75:663) Alabama Pulmonary aid. Tick trefoil (79:31) Infusion of plant taken to cause vomiting for bad lung cold. Dicentra chry8antha Papaveraceae Kawaiisu Analgesic. Eardrops, golden Dried, mashed roots place in heated bag applied to the heart for heart pains. (92:26) Kawaiisu Heart medicine. Eardrops, golden Dried, mashed roots place in heated bag applied to the heart for heart pains. (92:26) Dicemra cucullaria Papaveraceae Iroquois Other. Dutchman's breeches Compound infusion of leaves used as liniment for runners & strengthens limbs . . . . . . . . (37:339) Dicentra formo8a Papaveraceae Skagit Anthelmintic. Bleeding heart, wild Decoction of pounded roots taken as a worm medicine. (34:31) Skagit Dermatological aid. Bleeding heart, wild Infusion of crushed plants used as a wash to make hair grow. (34:31) Skagit Toothache remedy. Bleeding heart, wild Raw roots chewed for toothaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (34:31) Diervilla lonicera Caprifoliaceae Chippewa Analgesic. Honeysuckle, bush Compound decoction of leaves taken for stomach pain. (21:342) Chippewa Eye medicine. Honeysuckle, bush Infusion of bark used as an eye wash. . . . . . . . . . . (31:141) Chippewa Gast-intestinal aid. Honeysuckle, bush Compound decoction of leaves taken for stomach pain. (21:342) Chippewa Laxative. Honeysuckle, bush Infusion of bark taken for constipation. . . . . . . . . . (31:141) Fox Urinary aid. Honeysuckle, bush Infusion of root taken by "one who is urinating blood." (62:206,207) Fox Venereal aid. Honeysuckle, bush Compound decoction of root taken for gonorrhea. ... (62:206,207) Iroquois Blood medicine. Honeysuckle, bush Decoction of plant or roots taken as a blood medicine. (37:442) Iroquois Gynecological aid. Honeysuckle, bush Compound decoction of bark and plants taken for prolapsus of the uterus. (37:442) Iroquois Pediatric aid. Honeysuckle, bush Decoction of plant or roots given to "spoiled babies with adulterous mother." (37:442) Iroquois Urinary aid. Honeysuckle, bush Compound decoction of bark & plants taken by old men who cannot retain urine. (37:442) Iroquois Venereal aid. Honeysuckle, bush Compound decoction of roots taken for gonorrhea. (37:442) Menominee Blood medicine. Honeysuckle, dwarf bush Compound decoction of stalk used to "clear the blood." (22:129) Menominee Diuretic. Honeysuckle, bush Infusion of roqt taken as a mild diurient. . . . . . . . . . (61:27) Menominee Psychological aid. Honeysuckle, bush Infusion of root used as a cure for senility; also, as a mild diurient. (61:27) Ojibwa Urinary aid. Honeysuckle, bush Compound containing root used as a valued urinary remedy. (63:360) Potawatomi Diuretic. Honeysuckle, bush Simple or compound infusion of root taken as a diuretic. (64:45) Potawatomi Other. Honeysuckle, bush Compound infusion of twigs used to treat vertigo. (64:45) Potawatomi Venereal aid. Honeysuckle, bush Infusion of root taken to treat gonorrhea. (64:45) Dio8corea villo8a Dioscoreaceae Fox Analgesic. Yam, wild Root used by women to relieve pain at childbirth. (62:220) Fox Gynecological aid. Yam, wild Root used by women to relieve pain at childbirth. (62:220) DiospyT08 virginiana Ebenaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Persimmon, common Syrup taken for bloody discharge from bowels. (35:49) Cherokee Dermatological aid. Persimmon, common Astringent; used for sore throat and mouth. (35:49)

152

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Genera

Diospyros

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Dio9fJY'fOS virginiana Ebenaceae Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Persimmon, common Bark chewed for heartburn; also, compound infusion used for toothache. Compound used in steam bath for indigestion or biliousness. Cherokee Hemorrhoid remedy. Persimmon, common Used for venereal diseases; also, used as a wash for piles. Cherokee Liver aid. Persimmon, common Cold infusion of bark taken for bile and liver. Cherokee Oral aid. Persimmon, common Syrup used for thrush and sore throat. . Cherokee Throat aid. Persimmon, common Syrup used for thrush and sore throat. . Cherokee Toothache remedy. Persimmon, common Bark chewed for heartburn; also, compound infusion used for toothache. Cherokee Venereal aid. Persimmon, common Used for venereal diseases; also, used as a wash for piles. Rappahannock Oral aid. Persimmon Infusion of inner bark used as a wash for thrash. Rappahannock Throat aid. Persimmon Infusion of north side bark taken for sore throat. Diphylleia cymosa Berberidaceae Cherokee Diaphoretic. Umbrella leaf · Infusion taken for smallpox; also, taken as a diaphoretic. Cherokee Disinfectant. Umbrella leaf Taken as a diuretic; also, used as an antiseptic. · Cherokee Diuretic. Umbrella leaf Taken as a diuretic; also, used as an antiseptic. · Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Umbrella leaf Infusion taken for smallpox; also, taken as a diaphoretic. · Dipsacus glutino8U8 Dipsacaceae Mahuna Antidiarrheal. Monkey flower Infusion of leaves, flowers and stems taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dipsacus sylvestris Dipsacaceae Iroquois Dermatological aid. Teasel, common Infusion of leaves used as a wash for acne or ''worms in the face." Iroquois Poison. Teasel, common Powdered roots are poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dt"rca palustris Thymelaeaceae Chippewa Cathartic. Moosewood Infusion of stalk taken or green stalk chewed as a physic. . . . . . . . . . . ... . Chippewa Dermatological aid. Moosewood Compound decoction of root used as wash to strengthen hair and make it grow. Chippewa Pulmonary aid. Leatherwood Infusion of roots taken for pulmonary troubles. . . . . . . . Iroquois Analgesic. Leatherwood Compound infusion of bark and roots taken for back pains. Iroquois Blood medicine. Leatherwood Compound decoction or infusion of roots taken to purify the blood. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Leatherwood Compound infusion taken for dark circles and puffiness around the eyes. Compound used for sores on the neck. No preparation or application indicated .. Decoction of branches applied as poultice to swellings on the leg or limbs. Iroquois Eye medicine. Leatherwood Compound infusion taken for dark circles and puffiness around the eyes. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Leatherwood Compound decoction of bark and roots taken to induce pregnancy. Iroquois Kidney aid. Leatherwood Compound infusion of bark and roots taken for kidney troubles. .. Iroquois Laxative. Leatherwood Decoction or infusion of smashed roots or bark taken as a laxative. Iroquois Love medicine. Leatherwood Decoction of stems used as an aphrodisiac. No application indicated. Iroquois Misc disease remedy. Leatherwood Infusion of smashed roots taken for typhoid fever. . . . . Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Leatherwood Infusion of roots taken for a strained back or back pains. Iroquois Other. Leatherwood Root used for internal inflammation. No preparation or application indicated .. Iroquois Strengthener. Leatherwood Decoction of stems used to increase strength. No application indicated.

Genera

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(35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (69:25) (69:25) (35:59,60) (35:59,60) (35:59,60) (35:59,60) . . (55:6)

(37:450) (37:450) (21:346) (21:350) (31:137) . (37:388) (37:388) (37:388) (37:388) (37:387) (37:388) (37:388) (37:388) (37:388) (37:389) (37:388) (37:387) (37:388) (37:389)

153

Dirca

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Dirca palustris Thymelaeaceae Iroquois Tonic. Leatherwood Compound decoction of roots taken as a blood medicine or tonic. . . . . . . . Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Leatherwood Whole plant used for consumption. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Urinary aid. Leatherwood Compound infusion of roots taken for kidneys or for male urination. problems. Iroquois Venereal aid. Leatherwood Compound infusion of powdered roots taken for gonorrhea and syphilis. Decoction of roots taken to remove venereal germs from the blood. Menominee Diuretic. Leatherwood Infusion of roots taken as a diuretic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Menominee Kidney aid. Leatherwood Infusion of root taken as a diuretic, to heal kidney troubles. Ojibwa Diuretic. Moosewood Infusion of bark taken as a diuretic. Potawatomi Diuretic. Moosewood Infusion of inner bark taken as a diuretic. Disporum hookeri Liliaceae Costanoan Kidney aid. Fruit used for the kidneys. Klallam Poison. DISPORUM OREGANUM Fairy bells Plant is poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Makah Love medicine. DISPORUM OREGANUM Fairy bells Plant used as a love medicine. . . . . . . Disporum sp. Liliaceae Makah Love medicine. DISPORUM SMITH II Bellwort Plant used as a love medicine. Thompson Ind Analgesic. Compound decoction of roots taken as a remedy for internal pains. Distichlis spicata Poaceae Kawaiisu Dermatological aid. Grass, salt Decoction of plant taken for doodle bug bites that cause pimples. Kawaiisu Heart medicine. Grass, salt Infusion of plant taken "when the heart beats fast." Kawaiisu Laxative. Grass, salt Infusion of plant taken as a laxative. Kawaiisu Venereal aid. Grass, salt Cold infusion of plant taken for gonorrhea. Ditaxis cyanophylla Euphorbiaceae Navaho Other. Plant used as a "Life Medicine." Navaho-Ramah Other. Root or whole plant used in summer as "the head of the life medicine." Dithyrea wizlizenii Brassicaceae Apache Ceremonial medicine. Spectacle pod Infusion of plant taken at medicine ceremonies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apache Dermatological aid. Spectacle pod Infusion of plant used as wash for throat troubles & for reducing swellings. Apache Throat aid. Spectacle pod Infusion of plant used as wash for throat troubles & for reducing swellings. Hopi Dermatological aid. BISCUTELLA WISLIZENI Dried, powdered leaves sprinkled on abrasions. Hopi Dermatological aid. Spectacle pod Powdered plant sprinkled on wounds. Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Infusion of plant taken & used as lotion for centipede or sand cricket bites .. Navaho-Kayenta Hemorrhoid remedy. Poultice of plant applied to hemorrhoids. Navaho-Kayenta Pediatric aid. Plant chewed by children to strengthen teeth. Navaho-Kayenta Toothache remedy. Plant chewed by children to strengthen teeth. Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Spectacle pod Cold infusion of plant used as lotion for itch. . Poultice of leaves used to remove scabs. Zuni Dermatological aid. DITHYRAEA WISLIZENI Spectacle pod Warm infusion of pulverized plant applied to swelling, especially the throat. Zuni Psychological aid. DITHYRAEA WISLIZENI Spectacle pod Decoction of entire plant given to treat delirium. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

154

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Genera

(37:388) (37:388) (37:388) (37:388) (37:388) (61:54) (61:54) (63:390) (64:85) . (5:28) (34:25) (34:25) (34:25) (71:459) (92:26) (92:26) (92:26) (92:26) (38:158) (84:35) (53:157) (53:157) (53:157) (24:15) · (88:32,77) (91:24) (91:24) (91:24) (91:24) (84:28) (84:28) · (72:48,49) · (72:48,49)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Dodecatheon

Table 1: Genera -Dodecatheon ieffreyi Primulaceae Thompson Ind Love medicine. Shooting star (71:506) Flowers used by women "to obtain the love of men & to help them control men." . Thompson Ind Other. Shooting star Flowers used as a charm ''to obtain wealth & to make people give presents." (71:506) Draba helleriana Brassicaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Juniper (84:28) Plant used in various ways as a ceremonial medicine. . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Cough medicine. Juniper Decoction of leaves taken for bad cough, sore kidney, or gonorrhea. (84:28) Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Juniper (84:28) Whole plant used as ceremonial emetic. . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Eye medicine. Juniper Cold infusion of leaves used as ceremonial eyewash. (84:28) Navaho-Ramah Kidney aid. Juniper (84:28) Decoction of leaves taken for sore kidney, bad cough, or gonorrhea. Navaho-Ramah Other. Juniper (84:28) Root used as "life medicine." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Venereal aid. Juniper (84:28) Decoction of leaves taken for gonorrhea, sore kidney, or bad cough. Navaho-Ramah Witchcraft medicine. Juniper (84:28) Cold infusion of plant taken and used as lotion to protect against witches. Draba reptans Brassicaceae Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Juniper (84:28) Poultice of crushed leaves applied to sores. Draba sp. Brassicaceae Navaho Diuretic. DRABA MONTANA Whitlow grass (23:49) Infusion of plants taken as a diuretic. Dracocephalum parvifloru,m Lamiaceae Navaho-Kayenta Antidiarrheal. MOLDAVICA PARVIFLORA (91:40) Plant used for infants with diarrhea. Navaho-Kayenta Other. MOLDAVICA PARVIFLORA Plant used as a Life Medicine. . . . . . . . . . (91:40) Navaho-Kayenta Pediatric aid. MOLDAVICA PARVIFLORA (91:40) Plant used for infants with diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. MOLDAVICA PARVIFLORA Dragonhead (84:41) Cold compound infusion of leaves taken for headache or fever. Navaho-Ramah Eye medicine. MOLDAVICA PARVIFLORA Dragonhead (84:41) Cold infusion of leaves used as an eyewash. . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Febrifuge. MOLDAVICA PARVIFLORA Dragonhead (84:41) Cold compound infusion of leaves taken for headache or fever. Drosera rotundifolia Droseraceae Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Sundew (82:320) Plant used for corns, warts and bunions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kwakiutl Love medicine. Sundew (82:320) Plant used as a "medicine to make women love-crazy," a love charm. Drymaria fendlen Caryophyllaceae Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. (84:26) Poultice of chewed plant applied to mouse bite. Dryopteris arguta Polypodiaceae Costanoan Dermatological aid. Infusion of fronds used as a hair wash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (5:5) Dryopteris austriaca Polypodiaceae Klallam Dermatological aid. DRYOPTERIS DILATATA t Fern, wood (34:14) Poultice of pounded roots applied to cuts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Snohomish Dermatological aid. DRYOPTERIS DILATATA t Fern, wood Infusion of leaves used as a wash for hair. . . . . . . . . . . (34:14) Dryopteris cristata Polypodiaceae Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. ASPIDIUM CRISTATUM Fern, shield (63:381) Infusion of root used for stomach trouble. . . . . . . Dryopteris dilatata Polypodiaceae W. Eskimo Analgesic. DRYOPTERIS AUSTRIACA t Fern (44:5) Compound decoction of leaves taken for stomachache & intestinal discomfort. W. Eskimo Gast-intestinal aid. DRYOPTERIS AUSTRIACA t Fern (44:5) Compound decoction of leaves taken for stomachache and intestinal discomfort .. Dryopteris fili:l;-mas Polypodiaceae Cherokee Anthelmintic. Fern, male (35:34) Infusion of root taken for worms. Dryopteris marginalis Polypodiaceae Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Fern, wood Infusion of root used alone or in a compound for rheumatism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (35:34)

Genera

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155

Dryopteris

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Dryopteris marginalis Polypodiaceae Cherokee Emetic. Fern, wood Infusion of root taken as emetic; warm infusion held in mouth for toothache. (35:34) Cherokee Toothache remedy. Fern, wood Infusion of root taken as emetic; warm infusion held in mouth for toothache. (35:34) Dryopteris IIp. Polypodiaceae Cherokee Antirheumatic - Ext. ASPIDIUM ACROSTICHOIDES Fern, Christmas Compound decoction of root applied with warm hands for rheumatism. . . . . . . . . . . . . (35:8) Dryopteris Ilpinuiosa Polypodiaceae Bella Coola Antidote. ASPIDIUM SPINULOSUM Fern, shield Root eaten as antidote for poison from eating shell-fish in early summer. . . . . . . . . . . (60:48) Dryopteris thelypteris Polypodiaceae Iroquois Gynecological aid. THELYPTERIS PALUSTRIS Fern, marsh shield Roots used for woman's troubles. No preparation indicated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:256) Dyssodia papposa Asteraceae Dakota Veterinary aid. BOEBERA PAPPOSA Marigold, fetid (30:132,133) Compound decoction of plant used to treat coughs in horses. Plant given to horses with coughs. . . . . . . . . (29:369) Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Marigold, fetid Poultice of chewed leaves applied to ant bites. (84:50) Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Marigold, fetid Cold infusion of plant taken after swallowing a red ant. (84:50) Omaha Analgesic. BOEBERA PAPPOSA Marigold, fetid (30:132,133) Leaves stuffed up nostrils to cause nosebleed, which relieves headache. Dyssodia pentachaeta Asteraceae Navaho-Kayenta Hunting medicine. Plant eaten or used as lotion by hunters so deer cannot smell them. (91:46) Navaho-Kayenta Psychological aid. Plant used for dreaming of being pursued by a deer. . . . . . . . . . (91:46) Dyssodia thurberi Asteraceae Paiute Cathartic. Decoction of root taken as a physic. (81:67) Echinacea angustifolia Asteraceae Cheyenne Analgesic. Infusion of leaves and roots rubbed on painful necks. . . . . . . . . (33:188) Cheyenne Oral aid. Infusion of leaves and roots taken for sore mouth, gums or throat. (33:188) Cheyenne Orthopedic aid. Infusion of leaves and roots rubbed on painful necks. . . . . . . . . (33:188) Cheyenne Throat aid. Infusion of leaves and roots taken for sore mouth, gums or throat. (33:188) Cheyenne Toothache remedy. Root juice used for toothaches. . . . . . . . . (33:188) Dakota Analgesic. Cone flower, narleaf purple Juice used as wash for burns, to relieve pain. (30:131 ) Plant used in smoke treatment for headache. (30:131) Dakota Antidote. Cone flower, narleaf purple Plant used as an antidote for many poisonous conditions. (30:131) Dakota Burn dressing. Cone flower, narleaf purple Juice used as wash for burns, to relieve pain. . . . . . . . . (30:131) Juice used by jugglers as wash for arms, to protect against boiling water. (30:131 ) Dakota Herbal steam. Cone flower, narleaf purple Plant used in the steam bath, to "render the great heat endurable." (30:131) Dakota Misc disease remedy. Cone flower, narleaf purple Poultice of plant applied to enlarged glands, as in mumps. (30:131) Dakota Snake bite remedy. Cone flower, narleaf purple Plant used for snake and other venomous bites and stings in unspecified ways. (30:131) Dakota Toothache remedy. Cone flower, narleaf purple Plant applied to tooth to relieve toothache. . . . . . . . (30:131) Dakota Veterinary aid. Cone flower, narleaf purple Plant used in smoke treatment for distemper in horses. (30:131) Fox Analgesic. BRAUNERIA ANGUSTIFOLIA Cone flower, purple Root used in medicine to cure cramps in the stomach; also, used to cure fits. (62:212) Fox Anticonvulsive. BRAUNERIA ANGUSTIFOLIA Cone flower, purple Compound containing root used to cure stomach cramps; also, to cure fits. (62:212) Fox Gast-intestinal aid. BRAUNERIA ANGUSTIFOLIA Cone flower, purple Root used in medicine to cure cramps in the stomach; also, used to cure fits. (62:212) Kiowa Cough medicine. BRAUNERIA ANGUSTIFOLIA Rattlesnake weed Ground root chewed for coughs and sore throats. . . . . . . . (85:57) Kiowa Throat aid. BRAUNERIA ANGUSTIFOLIA Rattlesnake weed Ground root chewed for coughs and sore throats. . . . . . . . (85:57)

156

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Genera

Echinacea

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Echinacea angustifolia Asteraceae

Montana Ind. Oral aid. Rattlesnake weed Dried root has a "smarting, acrid taste" & causes a profuse flow of saliva. Montana Ind. Snake bite remedy. Rattlesnake weed Root used as an antidote for rattlesnake bites. Omaha Analgesic. Cone flower, narleaf purple Juice used as wash for burns, to relieve pain. Plant used in smoke treatment for headache. Omaha Anesthetic. Poultice of smashed roots applied as an anesthetic to arms and hands. Omaha Antidote. Cone flower, narleaf purple Plant used as an antidote for many poisonous conditions. Omaha Antidote. Poultice of smashed roots applied to septic diseases. Omaha Blood medicine. Poultice of smashed roots applied to septic diseases. Omaha Burn dressing. Cone flower, narleaf purple Juice used as wash for burns, to relieve pain. . . . . Juice used by jugglers as wash for arms, to protect against boiling water. Omaha Dermatological aid. Poultice of smashed roots applied to snake bites, stings and septic diseases. Omaha Eye medicine. Plant used for sore eyes; roots used for eye troubles. Omaha Misc disease remedy. Cone flower, narleaf purple Poultice of plant applied to enlarged glands, as in mumps. Omaha Other. Cone flower, narleaf purple Plant used in the steam bath, to "render the great heat endurable." Omaha Snake bite remedy. Cone flower, narleaf purple Plant used for snake and other venomous bites and stings in unspecified ways. Omaha Snake bite remedy. Poultice of smashed roots applied to snake bites, stings and septic diseases. Omaha Toothache remedy. Cone flower, narleaf purple Plant applied to tooth to relieve toothache. . . . . . . . Omaha Veterinary aid. Cone flower, narleaf purple Plant used in smoke treatment for distemper in horses. Pawnee Analgesic. Cone flower, narleaf purple Juice used as wash for burns, to relieve pain. Plant used in smoke treatment for headache. Pawnee Antidote. Cone flower, narleaf purple Plant used as an antidote for many poisonous conditions. Pawnee Burn dressing. Cone flower, narleaf purple Juice used as wash for burns, to relieve pain. . . . . . . . . Juice used by jugglers as wash for arms, to protect against boiling water. Pawnee Herbal steam. Cone flower, narleaf purple Plant used in the steam bath, to "render the great heat endurable." Pawnee Misc disease remedy. Cone flower, narleaf purple Poultice of plant applied to enlarged glands, as in mumps. Pawnee Snake bite remedy. Cone flower, narleaf purple Plant used for snake and other venomous bites and stings in unspecified ways. Pawnee Toothache remedy. Cone flower, narleaf purple Plant applied to tooth to relieve toothache. . . . . . . . Pawnee Veterinary aid. Cone flower, narleaf purple Plant used in smoke treatment for distemper in horses. Ponca Analgesic. Cone flower, narleaf purple Juice used as wash for burns, to relieve pain. Plant used in smoke treatment for headache. Ponca Antidote. Cone flower, narleaf purple Plant used as an antidote for many poisonous conditions. Ponca Burn dressing. Cone flower, narleaf purple Juice used as wash for burns, to relieve pain. . . . . . . . . Juice used by jugglers as wash for arms,to protect against boiling water. Ponca Herbal steam. Cone flower, narleaf purple Plant used in the steam bath, to "render the great heat endurable." Ponca Misc disease remedy. Cone flower, narleaf purple Poultice of plant applied to enlarged glands, as in mumps. Ponca Snake bite remedy. Cone flower, narleaf purple Plant used for snake and other venomous bites and stings in unspecified ways. Ponca Toothache remedy. Cone flower, narleaf purple Plant applied to tooth to relieve toothache. . . . . . . . Ponca Veterinary aid. Cone flower, narleaf purple . Plant used in smoke treatment for distemper in horses.

Genera

(3:11) (3:11) (30:131) (30:131) (28:26) (30:131) (28:26) (28:26) (30:131) (30:131) (28:26) (28:26) (30:131) (30:131) (30:131) (28:26) (30:131) (30:131) (30:131) (30:131) (30:131) (30:131) (30:131) (30:131) (30:131) (30:131) (30:131) (30:131) (30:131) (30:131) (30:131) (30:131 ) (30:131) (30:131 ) (30:131) (30:131) (30:131) (30:131)

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157

Echinacea

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Echinacea angustifolia Asteraceae

Teton Sioux Analgesic. Root used for bowel pain. Teton Sioux Gast-intestinal aid. Root used for pain in the bowels. Teton Sioux Throat aid. Root used to cure tonsilitis. Teton Sioux Toothache remedy. Root used as toothache remedy. Winnebago Analgesic. Cone flower, narleaf purple Juice used as wash for burns, to relieve pain. Plant used in smoke treatment for headache. Winnebago Antidote. Cone flower, narleaf purple Plant used as an antidote for many poisonous conditions. Winnebago Burn dressing. Cone flower, narleaf purple Juice used as wash for burns, to relieve pain. . . . . . . . . Juice used by jugglers as wash for arms, to protect against boiling water. Plant used to make mouth insensitive to hot coals put in mouth for show. Winnebago Herbal steam. Cone flower, narleaf purple Plant used in the steam bath, to "render the great heat endurable." Winnebago Misc disease remedy. Cone flower, narleaf purple Poultice of plant applied to enlarged glands, as in mumps. Winnebago Snake bite remedy. Cone flower, narleaf purple Plant used for snake and other venomous bites and stings in unspecified ways. Winnebago Toothache remedy. Cone flower, narleaf purple Plant applied to tooth to relieve toothache. . . . . . . . Winnebago Veterinary aid. Cone flower, narleaf purple Plant used in smoke treatment for distemper in horses. Echinacea pallida Asteraceae Cheyenne Antirheumatic - Int. Cone flower Decoction of roots taken for rheumatism and arthritis. Cheyenne Burn dressing. Cone flower Decoction of roots used as a wash for burns and fevers. Cheyenne Cold remedy. Cone flower Root chewed for colds. . . . . . . . . . . Cheyenne Dermatological aid. Cone flower Roots used for boils. . . . . . . . . . Cheyenne Dietary aid. Cone flower Root chewed to increase the flow of saliva to prevent thirst. Cheyenne Febrifuge. Cone flower Decoction of roots used as a wash for burns and fevers. Cheyenne Misc disease remedy. Cone flower Decoction of roots taken for smallpox, mumps and measles. Cheyenne Toothache remedy. Cone flower Root chewed for toothaches, especially cavities. Dakota Anthelmintic. BRAUNERIA PALLIDA Decoction of roots taken as a vermifuge. . . . . Dakota Dermatological aid. BRAUNERIA PALLIDA Black Sampson Poultice of roots applied to inflammation to relieve the burning sensation. Dakota Eye medicine. BRAUNERIA PALLIDA Decoction of roots used for sore eyes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dakota Snake bite remedy. BRAUNERIA PALLIDA Black Sampson Plant used as an antidote for snake bites. Echinacea purpurea Asteraceae Choctaw Cough medicine. Cone flower, purple Root chewed, saliva swallowed, & tincture of root used for cough & dyspepsia. Choctaw Gast-intestinal aid. Cone flower, purple Root chewed, saliva swallowed, & tincture of root used for cough & dyspepsia. Delaware-Okl Venereal aid. BRAUNERIA PURPUREA Cone flower, purple Simple or compound infusion of root taken for gonorrhea; highly effective. Echinacea 811. Asteraceae Comanche Throat aid. Cone flower, purple Decoction of root taken for sore throat. Comanche Toothache remedy. Cone flower, purple Root held against tooth to relieve toothache. EchinocactUB 811. Cactaceae Mahuna Oral aid. Cactus, water barrel Plant used for the prevention of swelling of the salivary glands. Omaha Other. ESHINOCACTUS WILLIAMSII Mescal Plant used for alcohol addiction. ................. .

158

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Genera

(20:270) (20:270) (20:270) (20:270) (30:131) (30:131) (30:131) (30:131) (30:131) (30:131) (30:131) (30:131) (30:131) (30:131) (30:131) (36:20) (36:20) (36:20) (36:20) (36:20) (36:20) (36:20) (36:20) (29:361) (29:368) (29:367) (29:368) (9:288) (9:288) . (77:29,74) (10:521) (10:521) (55:47) (28:318)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Echinocereus

Table 1: Genera -Echinocereus triglochidiatus Cactaceae Navaho Heart medicine. ECHINOCEREUS COCCINEUS Cereus, hedgehog crimson (23:64) Plant used as a heart stimulant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho Poison. ECHINOCEREUS COCCINEUS Cereus, hedgehog crimson (23:64) Plant is poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Echinochloa crusgalli Poaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Grass, barnyard (84:16) Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Grass, barnyard (84:16) Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Ech?;nocystis lobata Cucurbitaceae Cherokee Abortifacient. Cucumber, wild (35:40) Taken for "obstructed menses;" also, for chills and fevers. Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Cucumber, wild (35:40) Infusion taken for kidneys; also, taken for rheumatism . . . Cherokee Febrifuge. Cucumber, wild (35:40) Taken for "obstructed menses;" also, for chills and fevers. Cherokee Kidney aid. Cucumber, wild (35:40) Infusion taken for kidneys; also, taken for rheumatism. Fox Analgesic. Balsam apple, wild (62:220) Poultice of pounded root applied for headache. Fox Panacea. Balsam apple, wild (62:220) Compound containing root used as a universal remedy for all sicknesses. Menominee Analgesic. Balsam apple Poultice of pulverized root used to treat headache. · (61:33,34) Menominee Love medicine. Balsam apple Root used in love potions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · (61:33,34) Menominee Panacea. Balsam apple · (61:33,34) Plant considered to be "the greatest of all medicines"; always useful. Menominee Tonic. Balsam apple Decoction of root taken as a bitter tonic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . · (61:33,34) Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. Balsam apple, wild (63:367,368) Infusion of root used as a bitter medicine for stomach troubles. Ojibwa Tonic. Balsam apple, wild (63:367,368) Infusion of root used as a tonic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Echinospermum lappula Boraginaceae S Ojibwa Analgesic. Stickweed Roots on hot stones as inhalant or snuff of raw root used for headache. . . . . . . . . . . . (39:201) Echium vulgare Boraginaceae Cherokee Urinary aid. Blue weed (35:60) Compound taken for milky urine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Gynecological aid. Viper's bugloss (37:421) Compound infusion of roots taken for the evacuation of the placenta. Mohegan Kidney aid. Blue weed (76:266) Infusion of root taken for the kidneys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (78:72,130) Leaves or root used to make a medicine for kidney disorders; "a rare plant." Eleocharis montevidensis Cyperaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Spikerush (84:19) Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Spikerush (84:19) Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Eleocharis rostellata Cyperaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Spikerush (84:19) Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Spikerush (84:19) Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Elymus canadensis Poaceae Iroquois Kidney aid. Rye, stout nodding wild (37:274) Compound decoction of roots taken for the kidneys. Iroquois Other. Rye, stout nodding wild (37:274) Compound decoction of plants taken for stricture. (37:274) Decoction of roots used as a soak for "cqrn medicine." Elymus condensatus Poaceae Paiute Eye medicine. Grass, rye (81:67) Decoction or infusion of leaves used as a wash for sore eyes. (81:67) Sharp edges of leaf blades used to scrape granulated eyelids. Shoshone Eye medicine. Grass, rye (81:67) Decoction or infusion of leaves used as a wash for sore eyes. (81:67) Sharp edges of leaf blades used to scrape granulated eyelids.

Genera

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159

Elymus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Elymus glaucus Poaceae Karok Other. Grass, western rye Plant used as a medicine to settle quarrels between families or individuals. . . . . . . . . . (58:380) Empetrum nigrum Empetraceae Bella Coola Cathartic. Crowberry Decoction of green leaves taken as a purgative. (60:60) Encelia farinosa Asteraceae Pima Analgesic. Brittlebush Poultice of plant applied as a pain reliever. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (17:102) Encelia jrutescens Asteraceae Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Plant used for shingles. (91:47) Encelia virginensis Asteraceae Kawaiisu Analgesic. Sunflower, mountain bush Decoction of leaves and flowers used as a wash for rheumatic pains. (92:27) Kawaiisu Antirheumatic - Ext. Sunflower, mountain bush (92:27) Decoction of leaves and flowers used as a wash for rheumatic pains. Kawaiisu Veterinary aid. Sunflower, mountain bush Decoction of leaves used as a wash for cuts and bruises of horses. (92:27) Tubatulabal Antirheumatic - Ext. EN CELIA ACTONI (86:59) Compound decoction of roots used as a wash for rheumatism. Enceliopsis nudicaulis Asteraceae Shoshone Antidiarrheal. Decoction of root taken for bloody diarrhea. · (81:67,68) Shoshone Cough medicine. Decoction of leaves taken for coughs. . . . . . · (81:67,68) Shoshone Venereal aid. Decoction of root taken for venereal disease. · (81:67,68) Ephedra fasciculata Ephedraceae Pima Dermatological aid. Brigham tea (17:76) Poultice of dried, powdered roots applied to sores. Pima Venereal aid. Brigham tea Poultice of dried, powdered roots applied for syphilis. (17:76) Ephedra nevadensis Ephedraceae Apache Venereal aid. Mormon tea Infusion of stems and leaves taken for gonorrhea or first stages of syphilis. . (53:157) Coahuilla Unspecified. Plant used for unspecified medicinal purposes. (2:73,74) Navaho Kidney aid. Mormon tea Infusion of stems and leaves taken for kidney troubles. (53:157) Navaho Venereal aid. Mormon tea Infusion of stems and leaves taken for venereal troubles. (53:157) Paiute Adjuvant. Jointfir Twigs used in medicines ''to lessen disagreeable flavors." (81:68) Paiute Burn dressing. Jointfir Compound decoction of plant used as a salve for burns. (81:68) Paiute Venereal aid. Jointfir Decoction of twigs and branches taken for venereal diseases. (81:68) Shoshone Dermatological aid. Jointfir Poultice of powdered twigs and branches applied to sores. . (81:68) Shoshone Diuretic. Jointfir Decoction of twigs and branches taken to stimulate urination. (81:68) Shoshone Venereal aid. Jointfir Decoction of twigs and branches taken for venereal diseases. (81:68) Zuni Venereal aid. Mormon tea Infusion of stems and leaves taken for venereal troubles. (53:157) Zuni Venereal aid. Teamster's tea Infusion of whole plant, except root, taken for syphilis. (72:49) Ephedra sp. Ephedraceae Mahuna Analgesic. Indian tea Infusion of roots taken for gonorrhea and painful bloating of the stomach. (55:68) Mahuna Blood medicine. Infusion of plants taken to flush the kidneys and purify the blood. (55:21) Mahuna Gast-intestinal aid. Indian tea Infusion of roots taken for gonorrhea and painful bloating of the stomach. (55:68) Mahuna Kidney aid. Indian tea Infusion of leaves and blossoms taken for pleurisy of the kidneys. (55:68) Mahuna Kidney aid. Infusion of plants taken to flush the kidneys and purify the blood. (55:21) Mahuna Venereal aid. Indian tea Infusion of roots taken for gonorrhea and painful bloating of the stomach. (55:68)

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Genera

Ephedra

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera -Ephedraceae Pima Venereal aid. EPHEDRA ANTISYPHILITICA Teamster's tea Plant used as a remedy for syphilis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Tewa Antidiarrheal. EPHEDRA ANTISYPHILITICA Jointfir Leaves and stems chewed or decoction taken as remedy for diarrhea. Ephedra torreyana Ephedraceae Hopi Venereal aid. Mormon tea Plant used to cure syphilis. . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Cough medicine. Jointfir Decoction of whole plant taken for bad cough. Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Jointfir Decoction of whole plant taken for stomachache. Ephedra trifurca Ephedraceae Navaho Gast-intestinal aid. Mormon tea Infusion of dried plants taken for stomach troubles. Navaho Kidney aid. Mormon tea Infusion of dried plants taken for kidney affections. Navaho Venereal aid. Mormon tea Infusion of dried plants taken for venereal disease. Pima Dermatological aid. Mormon tea Moxa used to burn the boils caused by "bad disease." Poultice of plant applied to bleeding sores caused by venereal disease. Pima Other. Mormon tea Plant used as antileuretic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pima Venereal aid. Mormon tea Poultice of plant applied to bleeding sores caused by venereal disease. Ephedra viridis Ephedraceae Hopi Venereal aid. Mormon tea Plant used as a cure for syphilis. Kawaiisu Blood medicine. Desert tea Infusion of stems taken for anemia. Kawaiisu Orthopedic aid. Desert tea Infusion of stems taken for backaches. Navaho Cough medicine. Mormon tea, green Decoction of plant tops taken as a cough medicine. Paiute Antidiarrheal. Jointfir Compound infusion of plant given for children's diarrhea. Paiute Antirheumatic - Int. Jointfir Infusion or decoction of twigs or branches taken to cure rheumatism. Paiute Blood medicine. Jciintfir Infusion/decoction of twigs or branches taken as a tonic or blood purifier. Paiute Cold remedy. Jointfir Infusion or decoction of twigs or branches taken for colds. Paiute Dermatological aid. Jointfir Dried, powdered stems applied to cure sores. . . . . . . . . Paiute Gast-intestinal aid. Jointfir Infusion/decoction of twigs or branches for stomach ulcers and disorders. Paiute Kidney aid. Jointfir Infusion or decoction of twigs or branches taken as a kidney regulator. Paiute Pediatric aid. Jointfir Compound infusion of plant given for children's diarrhea. . . . . . . . . Paiute Tonic. Jointfir Infusion/decoction of twigs or branches taken as a tonic or blood purifier. Paiute Urinary aid. Jointfir Infusion/decoction of twigs or branches as a kidney regulator & for bladder. Paiute Venereal aid. Jointfir Decoction of twigs taken for syphilis or gonorrhea. Shoshone Antidiarrheal. Jointfir Compound infusion of plant given for children's diarrhea. Shoshone Blood medicine. Jointfir Infusion/decoction of twigs or branches taken as a tonic or blood purifier. Shoshone Burn dressing. Jointfir Poultice of moistened, powdered stems applied to burns. Shoshone Cathartic. Jointfir Decoction of root or salted decoction of stems taken as a physic. Shoshone Cold remedy. Jointfir Infusion or decoction of twigs or branches taken for colds. . . . . Shoshone Dermatological aid. Jointfir Dried, powdered stems alone or mixed with pitch as a salve for sores. Shoshone Gast-intestinal aid. Jointfir Infusion or decoction of twigs or branches taken for stomach disorders. Ephedra sp.

Genera

(56:80) (54:46) · (88:35,63) (84:14) (84:14) (23:24) (23:24) (23:24) (17:76) (17:76) (17:76) (17:76) (88:64) (92:27) (92:27) (23:24) · (81:68-70) · (81:68-70) · (81:68-70) · (81:68-70) · (81:68-70) · (81:68-70) · (81:68-70) · (81:68-70) · (81:68-70) · (81:68-70) · (81:68-70) · (81:68-70) · (81:68-70) · (81:68-70) · (81:68-70) · (81:68-70) · (81:68-70) · (81:68-70)

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161

Ephedra

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Ephedra viridis Ephedraceae Shoshone Kidney aid. Jointfir Infusion or decoction of twigs or branches taken as a kidney regulator. Shoshone Pediatric aid. Jointfir Compound infusion of plant given for children's diarrhea. . . . . . . . . Shoshone Tonic. Jointfir Infusion/decoction of twigs or branches taken as a tonic or blood purifier. Shoshone Urinary aid. Jointfir Infusion/decoction of twigs or branches as a kidney regulator & for bladder. Shoshone Venereal aid. Jointfir Simple or compound decoctions of plant parts taken for syphilis or gonorrhea.. Tubatulabal Blood medicine. Indian tea Decoction of stalks and leaves used for the blood and syphilis. Tubatulabal Venereal aid. Indian tea Decoction of stalks and leaves used for the blood and syphilis. Washoe Gynecological aid. Jointfir Infusion/decoction of twigs or branch for delayed or difficult menstruation. Epifagu,s virginiana Orobanchaceae Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Beech drops Infusion of plants taken for diarrhea caused by menstruating women. . . . . . . . . . .. Epigaea repIlns Ericaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Mayflower Decoction of plant taken to cause vomiting for abdominal pains. Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Mayflower Infusion of plant given to children with diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Emetic. Mayflower Decoction of plant taken to cause vomiting for abdominal pains. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Mayflower Compound infusion taken for indigestion; also, infusion for "chest ailment." Decoction of plant taken to cause vomiting for abdominal pains. Cherokee Kidney aid. Mayflower Infusion taken for kidneys; also, for "chest ailment." Cherokee Pediatric aid. Mayflower Infusion of plant given to children with diarrhea. Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Mayflower Compound infusion taken for indigestion; also, infusion for "chest ailment." Iroquois Analgesic. Arbutus, trailing Compound used for labor pains in parturition. No preparation indicated. Iroquois Antirheumatic - Int. Arbutus, trailing Compound decoction of plant taken for rheumatism. Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Arbutus, trailing Decoction of leaves taken to aid digestion. . . . . .. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Arbutus, trailing Compound used for labor pains in parturition. No preparation indicated. Iroquois Kidney aid. Arbutus, trailing Decoction of whole plant or roots, stalks and leaves taken for the kidneys. Epilobium angustifolium Onagraceae Bella Coola Dermatological aid. Fire weed Poultice of roasted and mashed root applied to boils. ... . . . . . . Cheyenne Antihemorrhagic. CHAMOENERION ANGUSTIFOLIUM Infusion of dried leaves or dried roots taken for bowel hemorrhages. Cheyenne Gast-intestinal aid. CHAMOENERION ANGUSTIFOLIUM Infusion of dried leaves or dried roots taken for bowel hemorrhages. Chippewa Dermatological aid. Fire weed Poultice of moistened fresh or dried leaf for bruises or to remove a sliver. Iroquois Analgesic. Fire weed Infusion of bark applied as poultice for pain anywhere in the body. Iroquois Kidney aid. Fire weed Compound infusion of roots taken for kidneys or for male urination problems. Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Fire weed Poultice of smashed roots applied to swollen knees. . ... Iroquois Other. Fire weed Decoction of roots taken for internal injuries from lifting. Infusion of plant used as a "basket medicine." . . . . ... Iroquois Panacea. Fire weed Compound infusion of twigs and roots taken as a panacea for pain. Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Fire weed Compound decoction of roots taken for consumption. . . . . . . .. Iroquois Urinary aid. Fire weed Infusion of roots taken for burning urination and other urination problems.

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Genera

· (81:68-70) · (81:68-70) · (81:68-70) · (81:68-70) · (81:68-70) (86:59) (86:59) · (81:68-70) . . (37:437)

(79:48) (79:48) (79:48) (35:23) (79:48) (35:23) (79:48) (35:23) (37:410) (37:410) (37:410) (37:410) (37:410) (60:60) (33:181) (33:181) (21:352) (37:389) (37:390) (37:390) (37:389) (37:389) (37:389) (37:389) (37:389)

Epilobiurn

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera -Epilobium angustifolium Onagraceae Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Fire weed Compound decoction of plants and a doll used for black magic. . . . . . . . . . Kwakiutl Cancer treatment. Fire weed Poultice of seeds, down & oil applied to wound made when tumor is cut open. Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Fire weed Poultice of seeds, down & oil applied to wound made when tumor is cut open. Menominee Dermatological aid. Willow herb, great Root used to make a wash for swellings. Navaho-Kayenta Gast-intestinal aid. Plant used for gastritis. . . . . . . . . . . Ojibwa Dermatological aid. Willow herb, great Poultice of pounded root applied to boils and carbuncles. Potawatomi Unspecified. Fire weed Plant used as medicine for unspecified ailments. Skokomish Tuberculosis remedy. Fire weed Infusion of roots taken for tuberculosis. Snohomish Throat aid. Fire weed Infusion of roots taken for sore throats. Swinomish Other. Fire weed Decoction of whole plants used as a bath for invalids. Swinomish Poison. Fire weed Infusion of plant is poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . W. Eskimo Analgesic. Fire weed Compound decoction of leaves taken for stomachache & intestinal discomfort. W. Eskimo Gast-intestinal aid. Fire weed Compound decoction of leaves taken for stomachache & intestinal discomfort. Epilobium glandulosum Onagraceae Hopi Analgesic. EPILOBIUM ADENOCAULON Willow herb Plant used as a remedy for pain in the legs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Orthopedic aid. EPILOBIUM ADENOCAULON Infusion used as lotion and poultice of roots applied to muscular cramps. Potawatomi Antidiarrheal. EPILOBIUM ADENOCAULON Willow herb, northern Infusion of root used "to check diarrhea." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Epilobium sp. On;l.graceae Thompson Ind Other. Plant used as an "especially efficacious" charm for good luck in gambling. Thompson Ind Unspecified. Willow weed Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ep?,"pactis gigantea Orchidaceae Navaho-Kayenta Ceremonial medicine. Plant used in girl's puberty rite. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Pediatric aid. Plant used to purify a newborn infant; and plant used in girl's puberty rite. Navaho-Kayenta Unspecified. Plant used for general body disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equisetum aruense Equisetaceae Cherokee Kidney aid. Horsetail grass Infusion taken for kidneys; also, strong infusion taken for constipation. Cherokee Laxative. Horsetail grass Infusion taken for kidneys; also, strong infusion taken for constipation. Cheyenne Veterinary aid. Infusion of stems and leaves given to horses for coughs. Chippewa Urinary aid. Horsetail Decoction of stems taken for dysuria. . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Analgesic. Horsetail, common Used for rheumatism, joint aches, headaches, & pains. No preparation given. Iroquois Antirheumatic - Int. Horsetail, common Used for rheumatism, joint aches, headaches, & pains. No preparation given. Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Horsetail, common Used for rheumatism, joint aches, headaches, & pains. No preparation given. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Horsetail, common Raw stems are chewed by teething babies. Iroquois Toothache remedy. Horsetail, common Raw stems are chewed by teething babies. Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Horsetails Poultice of rough leaves and stems applied to cuts and sores. Ojibwa Kidney aid. Horsetail, field Infusion of whole plant used to cure dropsy. Potawatomi Analgesic. Horsetail, field Infusion of whole plant used to cure lumbago.

Genera

(37:389) (82:287) (82:287) (61:43) (91:32) (63:376) (64:66) (34:41) (34:41) (34:41) (34:41) (44:5) (44:5) . (88:33,86) (91:32) (64:66) (71:506) (71:468) (91:17) (91:17) (91:17) (35:39) (35:39) (33:169) (31:122) (37:261) (37:261) (37:261) (37:261) (37:261) (82:263) (63:368) . (64:55,56)

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163

Equisetum

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Equisetum arvense Equisetaceae Potawatomi Kidney aid. Horsetail, field Infusion of plant used to treat kidney and bladder trouble. Potawatomi Orthopedic aid. Horsetail, field Infusion of plant used to cure lumbago. . . . . . . . . . . . Potawatomi Urinary aid. Horsetail, field Infusion of plant used to treat kidney and bladder trouble. Equisetum hyemale Equisetaceae Blackfeet Veterinary aid. EQUISETUM HIEMALE Scouring rush Decoction of plant used as a horse medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Kidney aid. Horsetail grass Infusion taken for kidneys; also, strong infusion taken for constipation. Cherokee Laxative. Horsetail grass Infusion taken for kidneys; also, strong infusion taken for constipation. Cheyenne Veterinary aid. Horsetail Plant used as a medicine for horses. . . . . . . . . . . Chippewa Disinfectant. EQUISETUM HIEMALE Scouring rush Leaves burned as a disinfectant. . ........ . Costanoan Abortifacient. EQUISETUM LAEVIGATUM Decoction of plant used as a contraceptive and for retarded menstruation. Costanoan Contraceptive. EQUISETUM LAEVIGATUM Decoction of plant used as a contraceptive and for retarded menstruation. Costanoan Dermatological aid. EQUISETUM LAEVIGATUM Decoction of stalks used as a hair wash. Costanoan Urinary aid. EQUISETUM LAEVIGATUM Decoction of plant used for bladder ailments. Cowlitz Insecticide. Scouring rush, common Decoction of stalks used as a wash for hair infested with vermin. Fox Venereal aid. Scouring rush Infusion of whole plant taken by both men and women for gonorrhea. Hopi Ceremonial medicine. EQUISETUM LAEVIGATUM Dried, ground plant used for ceremonial bread. . .......... . Iroquois Diuretic. Scouring rush, stone Decoction of plant taken for urinating too much or too infrequently. Iroquois Eye medicine. Scouring rush, stone Infusion of whole plant as an eye wash for white spot on the eye. Iroquois Kidney aid. Scouring rush, stone Decoction of plant taken for kidney trouble, backache, or "summer complaint." Iroquois Mise disease remedy. Scouring rush, stone Decoction of plant taken for kidney trouble, backache, or "summer complaint." Iroquois Urinary aid. Scouring rush, stone Decoction of plant taken for urinating too much or too infrequently. Decoction used by women with excessive urination who are ruptured. Iroquois Venereal aid. Scouring rush, stone Compound decoction of roots taken for gonorrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . Karok Ceremonial medicine. Scouring rush, common Plant used in ceremonial cleansing for the priests in First Salmon ceremony. Karok Eye medicine. Scouring rush, common Decoction of plant used as wash or poultice of stalks applied for sore eyes. Mahuna Other. Infusion of dried plants taken for prostate gland troubles. Makah Antidiarrheal. Scouring rush, common Raw shoots chewed for diarrhea. . ............. . Menominee Gynecological aid. Scouring rush Decoction of rushes taken after childbirth "to clear up the system." Menominee Kidney aid. Scouring rush Decoction of rushes taken to cure kidney troubles. . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Disinfectant. EQUISETUM LAEVIGATUM Horsetail Compound decoction of plant used for "lightning infection." Okanagan Burn dressing. EQUISETUM LAEVIGATUM Horsetail Poultice of plant ash and grease applied to burns. .. Quileute Other. Scouring rush, common Plant rubbed on swimmers to make them feel strong. Quinault Abortifacient. Scouring rush, common Decoction taken to regulate menses. Informant insisted not an abortive. Quinault Eye medicine. Scouring rush, common Infusion of roots or root juice used as a wash for sore eyes. . . . . . . . . Sanpoil Adjuvant. Scouring rush, western Used as a drinking tube for medicine, & used for giving medicine to infants. Sanpoil Pediatric aid. Scouring rush, western Used as a drinking tube for medicine, & used for giving medicine to infants.

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Genera

· (64:55,56) · (64:55,56) · (64:55,56) (45:276) (35:39) (35:39) . (36:4) (21:366) (5:4) (5:4) (5:4) (5:4) (34:15) (62:220) (24:17) (37:262) (37:262) (37:262) (37:262) (37:262) (37:262) (37:262) (58:378) (58:378) (55:21) (34:15) (61:34) (61:34) (84:11) (48:41) (34:15) (34:15) (34:15) (51:218) (51:218)

Equisetum

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Equisetum hyemale Equisetaceae

Thompson Ind Burn dressing. EQUISETUM LAEVIGATUM Horsetail Poultice of plant ash and grease applied to burns. Equisetum kansanum Equisetaceae Navaho-Kayenta Analgesic. Infusion of plant taken or cold infusion used as a lotion for backaches. Navaho-Kayenta Orthopedic aid. Infusion of plant taken or cold infusion used as a lotion for backaches. Equisetum pratense Equisetaceae Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. Horsetail Infusion or decoction of plants taken for stomach or bowel troubles. Ojibwa Laxative. Horsetail Decoction of plants taken for sick stomach, bowels or for constipation. Equisetum sp. Equisetaceae Aleut Poison. Mare's tail Decoction of plant fed to hated guest as a magical poison. . . . . . . . . . Costanoan Abortifacient. Decoction of plant used as a contraceptive and for retarded menstruation. Costanoan Contraceptive. Decoction of plant used as a contraceptive and for retarded menstruation. Costanoan Dermatological aid. Decoction of stalks used as a hair wash. Costanoan Urinary aid. Decoction of plant used for bladder ailments. Shoshone Kidney aid. Horsetail rush Decoction of plant taken for kidney trouble. Thompson Ind Burn dressing. Horsetail Poultice of stem ash of several species used alone or with grease on burns. Equisetum sylvaticum Equisetaceae Menominee Hemostat. Wood rush Poultice of pulverized stem applied to stop bleeding. Menominee Kidney aid. Wood rush Infusion of stems used to cure dropsy. . . . . . . . . . Ojibwa Kidney aid. Horsetail, wood Infusion of plant used to cure kidney trouble and dropsy. Equisetum telmateia Equisetaceae Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Horsetails Poultice of rough leaves and stems applied to cuts and sores. Yuki Diuretic. Horsetail Decoction of plant taken as a diuretic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equisetum variegatum Equisetaceae Yuki Eye medicine. Scouring rush Plant used for sore eyes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eremocarpus setigerus Euphorbiaceae Concow Analgesic. CROTON SETIGERUS Mullein, turkey Poultice of fresh, bruised leaves applied to chest for internal pains. Concow Febrifuge. CROTON SETIGERUS Mullein, turkey Decoction of plant used as a bath or decoction taken for chills and fevers. Concow Misc disease remedy. CROTON SETIGERUS Mullein, turkey Decoction of plant used as a bath for typhoid and other fevers. Costanoan Antidiarrheal. Decoction of roots used for dysentery. . . . . . . . . . . . . Kawaiisu Analgesic. Doveweed Decoction of plant used as a wash or taken for headaches. Kawaiisu Heart medicine. Doveweed Infusion of plant taken for heart palpitations. Neeshenams Misc disease remedy. Mullein Decoction of plants taken for ague. . . . . . . Pomo Antidiarrheal. Mullein, turkey Decoction of smashed plant used for bleeding diarrhea. Pomo Poison. Mullein, turkey Plant is poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eremocrinum albomarginatum Liliaceae Navaho-Kayenta Snake bite remedy. Plant used for snake bites. Eriastrum densifolium Polemoniaceae Kawaiisu Dermatological aid. Starflower Dried, pounded flowers and roots used as a salve for venereal sores. Kawaiisu Venereal aid. Starflower Dried, pounded flowers and roots used as a salve for venereal sores.

Genera

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(48:41) (91:15) (91: 15) (52:231) (52:231) (1:428) (5:4) (5:4) (5:4) (5:4) (81:70) (71:462) (61:35) (61:35) (63:368) (82:263) (18:47) (16:304) (16:363) (16:363) (16:363) .. (5:8) (92:28) (92:28) (49:376) (27:13) (27:13) (91:17) (92:28) (92:28)

165

Eriastrum

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Eriastrum diffusum Polemoniaceae Paiute Cathartic. G ILIA FILIFOLIA Decoction of plant taken as a physic. · (81:80,81) Paiute Emetic. GILIA FILIFOLIA Decoction of plant taken as an emetic. · (81:80,81) Shoshone Analgesic. G ILIA FILIFOLIA Decoction of plant used as a bath to relieve rheumatic pains. · . (81:80,81) Shoshone Antirheumatic - Ext. GILIA FILIFOLIA Decoction of plant used as a bath to relieve rheumatic pains. · . (81:80,81) Shoshone Cathartic. GILIA FILIFOLIA Decoction of plant taken as a physic. . · . (81:80,81) Shoshone Emetic. G ILIA FILIFOLIA Decoction of plant taken as an emetic. · (81:80,81) Shoshone Venereal aid. GILIA FILIFOLIA Decoction of plant taken for venereal disease. · (81:80,81) Eriastrum eremicum Polemoniaceae Paiute Antidiarrheal. GILIA EREMICA Decoction of plant taken as a stomach medicine and to stop diarrhea. (81:80) Paiute Gast-intestinal aid. GILIA EREMICA Decoction of plant taken as a stomach medicine and to stop diarrhea. (81:80) Paiute Pediatric aid. GILIA EREMICA Infusion of plant used for tuberculosis in children. (81:80) Paiute Tuberculosis remedy. GILIA EREMICA Infusion of plant used for tuberculosis in children. (81:80) Eriastrum sp. Polemoniaceae Paiute Throat aid. HUGELIA VIRGATA Decoction of entire plant used as a gargle for sore throats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (73:317) Erigenia bulbosa A piaceae Cherokee Toothache remedy. Pepper and salt Chewed for toothache. . . . . . . . . . . . . (35:48) Erigeron bellidiastrum Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Fleabane Cold infusion of dried leaves used as ceremonial chant lotion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:50) Erigeron caespitosU8 Asteraceae Paiute Antidiarrheal. Strong decoction of root taken to stop diarrhea. (81:70) Paiute Eye medicine. Cool decoction of root used as an eyewash. (81:70) Erigeron canadensis Asteraceae Chippewa Analgesic. Horseweed Decoction of root and leaves taken for stomach pain. · (21:342) Chippewa Gast-intestinal aid. Horseweed Decoction of root and leaves taken for stomach pain. · (21:342) Chippewa Gynecological aid. Horseweed Infusion of whole plant taken for "female weakness." · (21:356) Cree Antidiarrheal. Fleabane Plant used for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . · (40:303) Fox Diaphoretic. Horse weed Used as a steaming agent in sweat bath. · (62:213) Hopi Analgesic. Fleabane Poultice of rubbed plant applied to temples for headache. · (88:33,96) Houma Gynecological aid. ERIGERON CANADENSE White stick Hot infusion of root taken for leucorrhea. (68:64) Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Plant used as a lotion for pimples. (91:47) Navaho-Kayenta Disinfectant. Hot poultice of plant applied to infants with prenatal infection. (91:47) Navaho-Kayenta Ear medicine. Hot poultice of plant applied for earaches. (91:47) Navaho-Kayenta Gast-intestinal aid. Plant used for stomachaches. . . . . . . . . (91:47) Navaho-Kayenta Pediatric aid. Hot poultice of plant applied to infants with prenatal infection. (91:47) Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Horseweed Poultice of crushed leaves or cold infusion of leaves as lotion for pimples. (84:50) Navaho-Ramah Snake bite remedy. Horseweed Cold infusion taken or used as lotion for snake bite. (84:50) Potawatomi Veterinary aid. Horseweed Plant used as a medicine for horses. . . . . . . . . . · (64:51,52) Zuni Respiratory aid. LEPTILON CANADENSE Horseweed Crushed flowers inserted in nostrils to cause sneezing, relieving "rhinitis." .. (72:55)

166

•

Genera

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Erigeron

Table 1: Genera - Erigeron canus Asteraceae

Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Plant used in ceremonial chant lotion. (84:50) Navaho-Ramah Disinfectant. Plant used to treat "deer infection." (84:50) Erigeron compositus Asteraceae Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Fleabane Plant chewed and spit on sores; possibly taken internally. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (71:465) Erigeron concinnus Asteraceae Navaho-Kayenta Analgesic. Plant used as a lotion for headaches. (91:47) Navaho-Kayenta Gynecological aid. Plant used for difficult labor. . . . . . (91:47) Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Cold infusion taken and used as lotion for general body pain. (84:50) Navaho-Ramah Disinfectant. Plant used to treat "antelope infection." . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:50) Paiute Analgesic. Brass buttons Decoction of whole plant taken for stomachaches and cramps. · (81:70,71) Paiute Cathartic. Brass buttons Decoction of whole plant taken as an emetic and physic; violent remedy. · (81:70,71) Paiute Emetic. Brass buttons Decoction of whole plant taken as an emetic and physic; violent remedy. · (81:70,71) Paiute Gast-intestinal aid. Brass buttons Decoction of plant taken for stomachaches and cramps. · (81:70,71) Shoshone Analgesic. Brass buttons Decoction of whole plant taken for stomachaches and cramps. · (81:70,71) Shoshone Eye medicine. Brass buttons Decoction of plant used as an eyewash. . . . . . . . . . · (81:70,71) Shoshone Gast-intestinal aid. Brass buttons Decoction of plant taken for stomachaches and cramps. · (81:70,71) Erigeron divergeTUJ Asteraceae Navaho Gynecological aid. Fleabane, spreading (23:85) Infusion of plant taken by women as an aid for deliverance. Navaho-Kayenta Analgesic. (91:47) Plant used as a snuff for headaches. Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. (84:50) Plant used ceremonially in several ways. Navaho-Ramah Disinfectant. (84:50) Cold infusion of plant taken and used as lotion for "lightning infection." Navaho-Ramah Eye medicine. (84:50) Cold compound infusion of plant used as eyewash. Navaho-Ramah Other. (84:50) Root used as "life medicine." . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Snake bite remedy. (84:50) Compound used to treat snake bites. Erigeron jilifolius Asteraceae Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Fleabane Plant chewed and spit on sores; possibly taken internally. . . . . . . . . . . (71:465) Toasted, powdered stems and leaves sprinkled on sores, cuts, and wounds. (71:473) Erigeron flagellaris Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. (84:50) Poultice of chewed leaves applied to spider bites; also, used as a hemostat. Navaho-Ramah Hemostat. (84:50) Poultice of chewed leaves applied as a hemostatic. Erigeron foliosus Asteraceae Kawaiisu Analgesic. Daisy, wild (92:28) Infusion of roots used as a wash for headaches. Kawaiisu Toothache remedy. Daisy, wild (92:28) Root held between the teeth for toothache. Erigeron formossissimus Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Hunting medicine. Cold compound infusion taken and used as lotion for good luck in hunting. . . . . . . . . . (84:50) Erigeron macranthus Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Compound decoction taken for menstrual pain and as a contraceptive. (84:50) Navaho-Ramah Contraceptive. Compound decoction of plant used as a contraceptive and for menstrual pain. (84:50) Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. Compound decoction of plant used as a contraceptive and for menstrual pain. (84:50)

Genera

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167

Erigeron

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Erigeron neomexican'US Aeteraceae Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Powdered plant applied to dog or bear bite sores. . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Gast-intestinal aid. Plant used for stomachaches caused by eating unripe fruit. Erigeron nudijlorus Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Cold infusion of leaves used ceremonially as a medicine and as a fumigant. Navaho-Ramah Disinfectant. Cold infusion of leaves used ceremonially to treat "lightning infection." Navaho-Ramah Hemostat. Poultice of chewed leaves applied as a hemostatic. Navaho-Ramah Snake bite remedy. Compound poultice of plant applied to snake bite. Navaho-Ramah Veterinary aid. Cold infusion of leaves used as eyewash for livestock. Erigeron philadelphic'US Asteraceae Cherokee Abortifacient. Skervish Taken for "suppressed menstruation;" also, for coughs and "dimness of sight." Cherokee Analgesic. Skervish Used as a diuretic and as a sudorific; also, as a poultice for headache. Cherokee Anticonvulsive. Skervish Used for hemorrhages, for spitting of blood, and for epilepsy. . . . . . Cherokee Antihemorrhagic. Skervish Used for hemorrhages, and for "spitting of blood;" also, used for epilepsy. Cherokee Cold remedy. Skervish Cold infusion of root taken, and root chewed, for colds. . . . . . . . . . .. Cherokee Cough medicine. Skervish Taken for "suppressed menstruation;" also, for coughs and "dimness of sight." Cherokee Dermatological aid. Frost root Astringent; boiled plant mixed with tallow used on sores. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Skervish Boiled plant, mixed with tallow, is used on sores. Cherokee Diaphoretic. Skervish Used as a diuretic and as a sudorific; also, as a poultice for headache. Cherokee Diuretic. Skervish Used as a diuretic and as a sudorific; also, as a poultice for headache. Cherokee Eye medicine. Skervish Taken for "suppressed menstruation;" also, for coughs and "dimness of sight." Cherokee Kidney aid. Skervish Taken for gout; also, infusion taken "for kidneys." ... Fox Analgesic. Fleabane, Philadelphia Snuff of powdered florets used to relieve sick headache. Fox Cold remedy. Fleabane, Philadelphia Powdered disk florets used as snuff to make one sneeze, for cold or catarrh. Fox Respiratory aid. Fleabane, Philadelphia Snuff of powdered florets used to make patient sneeze, to clear up catarrh. Houma Gynecological aid. Decoction of root taken for "menstruation troubles." . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Dermatological aid. Fleabane, Philadelphia Compound infusion of plants used as wash for' poison ivy and itch. Poultice of plants applied to running sores. . . . . Iroquois Pulmonary aid. Fleabane, Philadelphia Decoction of whole plant taken to open the lungs. Ojibwa Cold remedy. Fleabane, Philadelphia Smoke of dried flowers inhaled for headcold. Snuff of pulverized flowers used to cause sneezing, loosening a headcold. Ojibwa Febrifuge. Fleabane, Philadelphia Infusion of flowers used to break fevers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Erigeron pulchellus Asteraceae Cherokee Abortifacient. Skervish Taken for "suppressed menstruation;" also, for coughs and "dimness of sight." Cherokee Analgesic. Skervish Used as a diuretic and as a sudorific; also, as a poultice for headache. Cherokee Anticonvulsive. Skervish Used for hemorrhages, for spitting of blood, and for epilepsy. . . . . . Cherokee Antihemorrhagic. Skervish Used for hemorrhages, and for "spitting of blood;" also, used for epilepsy. Cherokee Cold remedy. Skervish Cold infusion of root taken, and root chewed, for colds. . . . . . . . . . . .

168

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Genera

(91:47) (91:47) · (84:50,51) · (84:50,51) . . (84:50,51) · (84:50,51) · (84:50,51) .

(35:35) (35:35) (35:35) (35:35) (35:35)

.

(35:35) (35:35) (35:35) (35:35) (35:35)

.

(35:35) (35:35) (62:213,214) ... (62:213) (62:213,214) (68:62) (37:464) (37:464) (37:464) (63:364) (63:364) (63:364)

.

(35:35) (35:35) (35:35) (35:35) (35:35)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Erigeron

Table 1: Genera - Erigeron pvlchellus Asteraceae

Cherokee Cough medicine. Skervish Taken for "suppressed menstruation;" also, for coughs and "dimness of sight." . Cherokee Dermatological aid. Frost root Astringent; boiled plant mixed with tallow used on sores. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Skervish Boiled plant, mixed with tallow, is used on sores. Cherokee Diaphoretic. Skervish Used as a diuretic and as a sudorific; also, as a poultice for headache. Cherokee Diuretic. Skervish Used as a diuretic and as a sudorific; also, as a poultice for headache. Cherokee Eye medicine. Skervish Taken for "suppressed menstruation;" also, for coughs and "dimness of sight." . Cherokee Kidney aid. Skervish Taken for gout; also, infusion taken "for kidneys." Iroquois Cold remedy. Robin's plantain Decoction of roots taken for coughs and colds. Iroquois Cough medicine. Robin's plantain Decoction of roots taken for coughs and colds. Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Robin's plantain Decoction of plants and flowers taken for consumption. Erigeron sa1sugino8U8 Asteraceae Cheyenne Analgesic. Infusion of roots, stems and flowers used as steambath for backaches. Cheyenne Orthopedic aid. Infusion of roots, stems and flowers used as steambath for backaches. Cheyenne Stimulant. Infusion of roots, stems and flowers used as steambath when dizzy and drowsy. Erigeron sp. Asteraceae Gosiute Poison. ERIGERON GRANDIFLORUS Fleabane Roots used for arrow poison. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Analgesic. Salve of toasted, crushed plant and grease rubbed on painful area. Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Fleabane Toasted, powdered stems & leaves sprinkled on sores, ulcers, cuts, & wounds. Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Salve of toasted, crushed plant and grease rubbed on painful, swollen areas. Thompson Ind Other. Salve of toasted, crushed plant and grease rubbed on swollen glands. Thompson Ind Throat aid. Salve of crushed plant on throat, or plant chewed for sore throat. Erigeron strig08U8 Asteraceae Catawba Heart medicine. ERIGERON RAMOSUS Fleabane, daisy Infusion of roots taken for heart troubles. Catawba Heart medicine. ERIGERON RAMOSUS Infusion of roots taken for heart troubles. Ojibwa Analgesic. ERIGERON RAMOSUS Fleabane, daisy Plant used to cure sick headache. . . . . . . . . . . . Erigeron superbus Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Cold infusion of plant taken & used as lotion ceremonially for various ills. Navaho-Ramah Cough medicine. Cold infusion of plant taken & used as lotion for cough, influenza, & fever. Navaho-Ramah Febrifuge. Cold infusion of plant taken & used as lotion for cough, influenza, & fever. Navaho-Ramah Hunting medicine. Infusion of plant int and ext for protection in warfare or hunting. Navaho-Ramah Misc disease remedy. Cold infusion of plant taken & used as lotion for cough, influenza, & fever. Navaho-Ramah Witchcraft medicine. Cold infusion of plant taken and used as lotion for protection from witches. Eriodictyon califomicum Hydrophy llaceae Atsugewi Antirheumatic - Ext. Mountain ba,lm Branches and leaves used in a steambath for rheumatism. Atsugewi Cold remedy. Mountain balm Plant chewed and juice swallowed for colds and whooping cough. Atsugewi Herbal steam. Mountain balm Branches and leaves used in a steambath for rheumatism. . . . . Atsugewi Pulmonary aid. Mountain balm Plant chewed and juice swallowed for colds and whooping cough.

Genera

(35:35) (35:35) (35:35) (35:35) (35:35) (35:35) (35:35) (37:464) (37:464) (37:464) (33:187) (33:187) (33:187) (14:368) (71:468) (71:473) (71:468) (71:468) (71:468) (79:61) (67:191) (63:364) (84:51 ) (84:51) (84:51) (84:51 ) (84:51 ) (84:51 ) (26:140) (26:140) (26:140) (26:140)

•

169

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Eriodictyon

Table 1: Genera -Eriodictyon californicum Hydrophyllaceae Coahuilla Analgesic. ERIODYCTION CALIFORNICA Decoction of leaves as a wash for "sore parts" or painful, fatigued limbs. Coahuilla Dermatological aid. ERIODYCTION CALIFORNICA Poultice of leaves applied to sores of both men and animals. Coahuilla Orthopedic aid. ERIODYCTION CALIFORNICA Decoction of leaves used as a wash for painful or fatigued limbs. Coahuilla Veterinary aid. ERIODYCTION CALIFORNICA Poultice of leaves applied to sores of both men and animals. Costanoan Analgesic. Poultice of heated leaves applied to the forehead for headaches. Costanoan Antirheumatic - Ext. Decoction of plant used for rheumatism, tuberculosis and to purify the blood .. Costanoan Blood medicine. Decoction of plant used for rheumatism, tuberculosis and to purify the blood .. Costanoan Cold remedy. Infusion of plant used for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . ... . Costanoan Dermatological aid. Plant combined with other herbs used for infected sores. Costanoan Disinfectant. Plant combined with other herbs used for infected sores. Costanoan Eye medicine. Infusion of plant used as an eyewash. . . . . . . . . . . . . Costanoan Respiratory aid. Decoction of plant used or leaves chewed or smoked for asthma. Costanoan Tuberculosis remedy. Decoction of plant used for rheumatism, tuberculosis and to purify the blood .. Karok Cold remedy. Mountain balm Decoction of leaves taken for colds, pleurisy and tuberculosis. Karok Pulmonary aid. Mountain balm Decoction of lel!ves taken for colds, pleurisy_ and tuberculosis. Karok Tuberculosis remedy. Mountain balm Decoction of leaves taken for colds, pleurisy and tuberculosis. Kawaiisu Cold remedy. Yerba santa Infusion of leaves taken for colds. . . . . . . . Kawaiisu Gast-intestinal aid. Yerba santa Infusion of leaves used for stomach problems. Kawaiisu Venereal aid. Yerba santa Infusion of leaves taken for gonorrhea. . . . . Mahuna Antirheumatic - Int. Yerba santa Plant used for coughs, asthma, rheumatism and pneumonia. Mahuna Cough medicine. Yerba santa Plant used for coughs, asthma, rheumatism and pneumonia. Mahuna Pulmonary aid. Yerba santa Plant used for coughs, asthma, rheumatism and pneumonia. Mahuna Respiratory aid. Yerba santa Plant used for coughs, asthma, rheumatism and pneumonia. Mendocino Ind Cold remedy. Yerba santa Leaves used for colds and asthma. .............. . Mendocino Ind Respiratory aid. Yerba santa Leaves used for inflammation of the bronchial tubes or asthma. Paiute Antidiarrheal. ERIODICTYON ANGUSTIFOLIUM Mountain balm Decoction of leaves taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Antiemetic. ERIODICTYON ANGUSTIFOLIUM Mountain balm Decoction of leaves taken to stop vomiting. . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Cold remedy. ERIODICTYON ANGUSTIFOLIUM Mountain balm Decoction of leaves or shoots taken for colds or coughs. Paiute Cough medicine. ERIODICTYON ANGUSTIFOLIUM Mountain balm Decoction of leaves or shoots taken for colds or coughs. . . . . . . . Paiute Expectorant. ERIODICTYON ANGUSTIFOLIUM Mountain balm Decoction of leaves or plant tops as expectorant for lungs or tuberculosis. Paiute Pulmonary aid. ERIODICTYON ANGUSTIFOLIUM Mountain balm Infusion of leaves or tops taken as an expectorant for pulmonary troubles. Paiute Tuberculosis remedy. ERIODICTYON ANGUSTIFOLIUM Mountain balm Decoction of leaves or plant tops as expectorant for lungs or tuberculosis. Round Valley Antirheumatic - Int. Yerba santa Infusion of leaves taken for rheumatism. .. Round Valley Blood medicine. Yerba santa Infusion of leaves taken as a blood purifier. Round Valley Febrifuge. Yerba santa Infusion of leaves used as a wash for fevers.

170

•

Genera

(2:78) (2:78) (2:78) (2:78) (5:13) (5:13) (5:13) (5:13) (5:13) (5:13) (5:13) (5:13) (5:13) . (58:388) . (q~:388)

(58:388) (92:29) (92:29) (92:29) (55:19) (55:19) (55:19) (55:19) (16:381) (16:381) · (81:71,72) · (81:71,72) · (81:71,72) · (81:71,72) · (81:71,72) · (81:71,72) · (81:71,72) (16:381) (16:381) (16:381)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Eriodictyon

Table 1: Genera -Eriodictyon califomicum Hydrophyllaceae Round Valley Misc disease remedy. Yerba santa Leaves used for grippe. ........................... . (16:381) Round Valley Respiratory aid. Yerba santa Infusion of leaves taken or used as wash for consumption and catarrh. (16:381) Round Valley Tuberculosis remedy. Yerba santa (16:381) Infusion of leaves taken or used as wash for consumption and catarrh. Shoshone Analgesic. ERIODICTYON ANGUSTIFOLIUM Mountain balm Infusion of leaves taken to relieve stomachaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . · (81:71,72) Poultice of decoction of stems, leaves & flowers applied for rheumatic pains. · (81:71,72) Shoshone Antirheumatic - Ext. ERIODICTYON ANGUSTIFOLIUM Mountain balm Decoction of plant used in hot compresses for rheumatic pains. · (81:71,72) Shoshone Cold remedy. ERIODICTYON ANGUSTIFOLIUM Mountain balm Decoction of leaves or shoots taken for colds or coughs. . . . . . . . · (81:71,72) Shoshone Cough medicine. ERIODICTYON ANGUSTIFOLIUM Mountain ·balm Decoction of leaves or shoots taken for colds or coughs. . . . . . . . . . · (81:71,72) Shoshone Expectorant. ERIODICTYON ANGUSTIFOLIUM Mountain balm Decoction of leaves or plant tops as expectorant for lungs or tuberculosis. · (81:71,72) Shoshone Gast-intestinal aid. ERIODICTYON ANGUSTIFOLIUM Mountain balm Decoction of leaves taken to relieve stomachaches. ............. . · (81:71,72) Shoshone Pulmonary aid. ERIODICTYON ANGUSTIFOLIUM Mountain balm Infusion of leaves or tops taken as an expectorant for pulmonary troubles. · (81:71,72) Shoshone Tuberculosis remedy. ERIODICTYON ANGUSTIFOLIUM Mountain balm Decoction of leaves or plant tops as expectorant for lungs or tuberculosis. · (81:71,72) Shoshone Venereal aid. ERIODICTYON ANGUSTIFOLIUM Mountain balm Decoction of leaves taken to cure venereal disease. (81:71,72) Yuki Cough medicine. Yerba santa Plant used in cough syrup. . . . . . . . . . (18:47) Yuki Dermatological aid. Yerba santa (18:47) Poultice of leaves applied to scabby sores. Eriodictyon crassifolium Hydrophyllaceae Luisenos Unspecified. Yerba santa Plant used for medicinal purposes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (65:230) Eriodictyon tomentosum Hydrophyllaceae Luisenos Unspecified. Yerba santa Plant used for medicinal purposes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (65:230) Eriogonum abertianum Polygonaceae Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Decoction of plant used as lotion for skin cuts on humans and horses. (84:23) Navaho-Ramah Veterinary aid. (84:23) Decoction of plant used as lotion for skin cuts on humans and horses. Eriogonum alatum Polygonaceae Navaho Analgesic. Buckwheat, wild (23:42) Plant used to stop pain. . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Plant used as a lotion for r~shes. (91:19) Navaho-Kayenta Other. Plant used as a life medicine. .. (91:19) Navaho-Ramah Antidiarrheal. Eriogonum, winged Cold infusion of root used to treat diarrhea. (84:23) Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Eriogonum, winged Cold infusion of root used as a ceremonial medicine. (84:23) Navaho-Ramah Cough medicine. Eriogonum, winged (84:23) Cold infusion of root used for bad cough. . . . . . . NavahO-Ramah Dermatological aid. Eriogonum, winged (84:23) Powdered root mixed with tallow used as ointment for infant's sore navel. Navaho-Ramah Oral aid. Eriogonum, winged (84:23) Cold infusion of root used as a mouthwash for sore gums. . Navaho-Ramah Other. Eriogonum, winged (84:23) Cold infusion of root used as an important "life medicine." Navaho-Ramah Pediatric aid. Eriogonum, winged (84:23) Powdered root mixed with tallow used as ointment for infant's sore navel. Zuni Other. (72:49) Infusion of powdered root taken after a fall and to relieve general misery. Eriogonum androsaceum Polygonaceae Thompson Ind Analgesic. (71:470) Decoction of plant taken for internal pains, especially stomach pain. (71:470) Plants used in steambath for rheumatism, & stiff, aching joints and muscles. Thompson Ind Antirheumatic - Ext. (71:470) Plants used in steambath for aching and rheumatic joints. . ......... .

Genera

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171

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Eriogonum

Table 1: Genera -Eriogonum androsaceum Polygonaceae Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Salve of dry leaves or leaf ash mixed with grease used for swellings. . . . . . . Thompson Ind Diaphoretic. Plants steamed in sweat bath for rheumatism and various aches and stiffness. Thompson Ind Gast-intestinal aid. Decoction of plant taken for internal pains, especially stomach pain. Thompson Ind Other. Mild or medium decoction taken for general indisposition. Thompson Ind Venereal aid. Strong decoction of plant used as a cure for syphilis. Eriogonum androseceum Polygonaceae Thompson Ind Herbal steam. Plants steamed in sweatbath for rheumatism and various aches and stiffness. Thompson Ind Orthopedic aid. Plants used in steambath for sprains and stiff, aching joints and muscles. Eriogonum aureum Polygonaceae Paiute Tuberculosis remedy. ERIOGONUM MICROTHECUM Buckwheat, wild Decoction of roots or tops used to treat tuberculosis. . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Urinary aid. ERIOGONUM MICROTHECUM Buckwheat, wild Decoction of stems and leaves used to treat bladder trouble. . . . . . . Shoshone Antirheumatic - Ext. ERIOGONUM MICROTHECUM Buckwheat, wild Decoction of plant in hot compresses or as a wash for lameness or rheumatism. Shoshone Cough medicine. ERIOGONUM MICROTHECUM Buckwheat, wild Decoction of roots, and sometimes tops, taken to cure tubercular cough. . .. Shoshone Orthopedic aid. ERIOGONUM MICROTHECUM Buckwheat, wild Decoction of whole plant used as a wash or as a compress to treat lameness. Shoshone Tuberculosis remedy. ERIOGONUM MICROTHECUM Buckwheat, wild Decoction of roots or tops used to treat tuberculosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . Eriogonum baileyi Polygonaceae TubatulabalDermatological aid. Infusion of entire plant used as lotion for pimples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eriogonum cernuum Polygonaceae Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Plant used for rashes. . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Kidney aid. Infusion of plant used for kidney disease. Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Eriogonum, nodding Poultice of chewed leaVeS applied to red ant bite. Eriogonum compositum Polygonaceae Sanpoil Antidiarrheal. Sulphur flower Decoction of root taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Eriogonum divaricatum Polygonaceae Navaho-Kayenta Ceremonial medicine. Plant used for "Big Snake chant." . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Orthopedic aid. Poultice of plant applied to back for leg paralysis. Navaho-Kayenta Snake bite remedy. Plant smoked for snake bites. Eriogonum elatum Polygonaceae Mahuna Cathartic. Bottle weed, American Branch chewed or infusion of plant taken as a physic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eriogonum elongatum Polygonaceae Mahuna Blood medicine. Plant used as a blood tonic, for high blood pressure & hardening of arteries .. Mahuna Hypotensive. Plant used as a blood tonic, for high blood pressure & hardening of arteries .. Eriogonum fasciculatum Polygonaceae Coahuilla Analgesic. Buckwheat, wild Decoction of leaves taken for headache and for stomach pain. Coahuilla Eye medicine. Buckwheat, wild Infusion of flower used as an eye wash. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Coahuilla Gast-intestinal aid. Buckwheat, wild Decoction of leaves taken for stomach pain and for headache. Costanoan Urinary aid. Decoction of plant used for urinary problems. . . . . . . Navaho Witchcraft medicine. Buckwheat, California Decoction of plants used as an anti-witchcraft medicine. Omaha Dermatological aid. Poultice of powdered root applied to wounds. . . . . . .

172

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Genera

· (71:470) · (71:470) · (71:470) · (71:470) · (71:470) · (71:47()) (71:470) (81:72) (81:72) (81:72) (81:72) (81:72) (81:72) (86:59) (91:19) (91:19) (84:23) · (51:218) (91:19) (91:19) (91:19) . (55:20)

(55:22) (55:22) (2:78) (2:78) (2:78) (5:11)

(23:42) (25:49)

Eriogonum

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Eriogonum fasciculatum Polygonaceae Tubatulabal Antidiarrheal. Decoction of dried flowers given to children for bloody flux. (86:59) (86:59) Infusion of dried heads taken for stomachaches and diarrhea. Tubatulabal Gast-intestinal aid. Infusion of dried heads taken for stomachaches and diarrhea. (86:59) Tubatulabal Pediatric aid. Decoction of dried flowers given to children for bloody flux. . (86:59) Zuni Dermatological aid. Poultice of powdered root applied to cuts and arrow or bullet wounds. (72:49) Zuni Gynecological aid. Decoction of root taken after parturition to heal lacerations. . . . . . . (72:49) Zuni Throat aid. (72:49) Decoction of root taken for hoarseness and for a cold involving the throat. Eriogonum gracillimum Polygonaceae Tubatulabal Dermatological aid. Infusion of entire plant used as lotion for pimples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (86:59) Eriogonum heracleoides Polygonaceae Sanpoil Antidiarrheal. Sulphur flower (51:218) Decoction of root taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Analgesic. Decoction of plant taken for internal pains, especially stomach pain. (71:470) (71:470) Plants used in steambath for rheumatism, & stiff, aching joints and muscles. Thompson Ind Antirheumatic - Ext. (71:470) Plants used in steambath for aching and. rheumatic joints. . ........ . Thompson Ind Ceremonial medicine. Decoction of whole plant as a purifying ceremonial wash in the sweathouse. (71:505) Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. (71:470) Salve of dry leaves or leaf ash mixed with grease used for swellings. . . . . . Thompson Ind Diaphoretic. Plants steamed in sweatbath for rheumatism and various aches and stiffness. (71:470) Thompson Ind Disinfectant. (71:505) Decoction of whole plant as a purifying ceremonial wash in the sweathouse. Thompson Ind Gast-intestinal aid. (71:470) Decoction of plant taken for internal pains, especially stomach pain. Thompson Ind Herbal steam. (71:470) Plants steamed in sweat bath for rheumatism and various aches and stiffness. Thompson Ind Orthopedic aid. Plants used in steambath for sprains and stiff, aching joints and muscles. (71:470) Thompson Ind Tonic. (71:470) Mild or medium decoction taken for general indisposition. Thompson Ind Venereal aid. (71:470) Strong decoction of plant used as a cure for syphilis. Eriogonum infiatum Polygonaceae Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. (91:19) Plant used as lotion for bear or dog bite. Eriogonum jamesii Polygonaceae Apache Ceremonial medicine. Buckwheat (53:157) Plant used in medicine ceremonies. Apache Unspecified. Buckwheat (53:157) Plant used for medicinal purposes. Navaho-Kayenta Psychological aid. (91:19) Plant smoked when disturbed by dreaming of tobacco worms. Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Sage, antelope (84:23) Decoction of whole plant taken to ease labor pains. Navaho-Ramah Contraceptive. Sage, antelope (84:23) Root used as a contraceptive. . . . . . . . . . . . .. Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Sage, antelope (84:23) Cold infusion of whole plant taken to kill red ant which has been swallowed. Navallo-Ramah Gynecological aid. Sage, antelope (84:23) Decoction of whole plant taken to ease labor pains. Navaho-Ramah Other. Sage, antelope (84:23) Root used as "life medicine." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zuni Oral aid. (72:50) Root carried in mouth for sore tongue, then buried in river bottom. Eriogonum latifolium Polygonaceae Costanoan Cold remedy. (5:11) Decoction of root, stalk and leaves taken for colds and coughs. Costanoan Cough medicine. (5:11) Decoction of root, stalk and leaves taken for colds and coughs.

Genera

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173

Eriogonum

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Eriogonum latifolium Polygonaceae

Kawaiisu Cold remedy. ERIOGONUM NUDUM Trumpet, long Infusion of roots taken for coughs and colds. . . . . . . . Kawaiisu Cough medicine. ERIOGONUM NUDUM Trumpet, long Infusion of roots taken for coughs and colds. . . . . . . . . . Round Valley Analgesic. Sour grass Decoction of leaves, stems and roots taken for stomach pains and headaches. Round Valley Eye medicine. Sour grass Decoction of roots used for sore eyes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Round Valley Gast-intestinal aid. Sour grass Decoction of leaves, stems and roots taken for stomach pains and headaches. Round Valley Gynecological aid. Sour grass Decoction of leaves, stems and roots taken for female complaints. . . . . . . . Eriogonum leptophyllum Polygonaceae Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Decoction of whole plant for postpartum pain and to aid in placenta delivery. Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. Decoction of whole plant for postpartum pain and to aid in placenta delivery. Navaho-Ramah Other. Decoction of whole plant used as a "life medicine." . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Snake bite remedy. Decoction of whole plant used internally and externally for snake bite. Eriogonum longifolium Polygonaceae Comanche Gast-intestinal aid. Eriogonum Infusion of root taken for stomach trouble. Eriogonum ovalifolium Polygonaceae Gosiute Eye medicine. Silver plant Plant used as an eye medicine. Gosiute Gast-intestinal aid. Silver plant Plant used for stomachaches. . . . . Gosiute Venere.al..aid. __ Poultice of plant applied or plant used as wash for venereal diseases. Paiute Cold remedy. Butterballs Decoction of root taken to cure colds. Shoshone Cold remedy. Butterballs Decoction of root taken to cure colds. Eriogonum racem08'Um Polygonaceae Navaho-Kayenta Analgesic. Plant used for backaches and sideaches. Navaho-Kayenta Orthopedic aid. Plant used for backaches and sideaches. Navaho-Ramah Blood medicine. Eriogonum, redroot Cold infusion of whole plant taken for blood poisoning or internal injuries. Eriogonum rotundifolium Polygonaceae Navaho Emetic. Buckwheat, wild Plant taken to vomit after swallowing ants. Navaho Throat aid. Leaves used for sore throats. Navaho Unspecified. Roots used as medicine. Eriogonum 8p. Polygonaceae Hopi Analgesic. Plant used to treat pain in hips and back, especially during pregnancy. Hopi Gynecological aid. Plant used to ease menstrual difficulties and ease childbirth. . . . . . . Plant used to treat pain in hips and back, especially during pregnancy. Hopi Orthopedic aid. Plant used to treat pain in hips and back, especially during pregnancy. Kawaiisu Antidiarrheal. Decoction of roots taken for diarrhea. Kawaiisu Heart medicine. Root used as heart medicine. .. . . . Mahuna Oral aid. Infusion of flowers and leaves used as a mouthwash for pyorrhea. Navaho Antidiarrheal. Buckwheat, wild Cold infusion of roots taken for diarrhea. Navaho Gynecological aid. Plant used during confinement after childbirth. Navaho-Kayenta Gast-intestinal aid. Plant used for stomach disease. . . . . . . . . .

174

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Genera

(92:30) (92:30) (16:345) (16:345) (16:345) (16:345) (84:23) (84:23) (84:23) (84:23) (10:521) (14:369) (14:369) (14:351) (81:72) (81:72) (91:19) (91:19) (84:23) (23:42) (38:150) (38:150) (88:35) . (88:35,73) (88:35) (88:35) (92:30) (92:30) (55:25) (23:42) (38:150) (91:18)

Eriogonum

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Eriogonum sp. Polygonaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. ERIOGONUM PANNOSUM Plant used as a ceremonial medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. ERIOGONUM ANNUUM Eriogonum, annual Cold infusion taken or used as lotion for red ant bite. . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Disinfectant. ERIOGONUM ANNUUM Eriogonum, annual Cold infusion taken for "lightning infection." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Other. ERIOGONUM ANNUUM Eriogonum, annual Cold infusion taken or used as lotion for sickness from swallowing an ant. Navaho-Ramah Other. ERIOGONUM PANNOSUM Plant used as a "life medicine;" "the boss of all medicines." . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Witchcraft medicine. ERIOGONUM ANNUUM Eriogonum, annual Cold infusion used for protection against witches. . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Antidiarrheal. ERIOGONUM SPHAEROCEPHALUM Sulphur flower Decoction of root taken for colds and to stop diarrhea. . . . . . . . Paiute Cold remedy. ERIOGONUM SPHAEROCEPHALUM Sulphur flower Decoction of root taken for colds and to stop diarrhea. . . . . . . . Shoshone Antidiarrheal. ERIOGONUM SPHAEROCEPHALUM Sulphur flower Decoction of root taken to stop diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Analgesic. Decoction of plant taken for internal pains, especially stomach pain. Plants used in steambath for rheumatism, & stiff, aching joints and muscles. Thompson Ind Antirheumatic - Ext. Plants used in steambath for aching and rheumatic joints. Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Salve of dry leaves or leaf ash mixed with grease used for swellings. Thompson Ind Diaphoretic. Plants steamed in sweat bath for rheumatism and various aches and stiffness. Thompson Ind Gast-intestinal aid. Decoction of plant taken for internal pains, especially stomach pain. Thompson Ind Herbal steam,. Plants steamed in sweat bath for rheumatism and various aches and stiffness. Thompson Ind Orthopedic aid. Plants used in steambath for sprains and stiff, aching joints and muscles. Thompson Ind Tonic. Mild or medium decoction taken for general indisposition. Thompson Ind Venereal aid. Strong decoction of plant used as a cure for syphilis. Eriogonum stellatum Polygonaceae Klamath Burn dressing. Poultice of leaves applied to burns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eriogonum subalpinum Polygonaceae Cheyenne Gynecological aid. Infusion of powdered stems and flowers taken for constant menses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eriogonum umbellatum Polygonaceae Kawaiisu Dermatological aid. Sulphur flower Mashed flowers used as a salve for gonorrheal sores. Kawaiisu Venereal aid. Sulphur flower Mashed flowers used as a salve for gonorrheal sores. Mahuna Gast-intestinal aid. Infusion of blossoms taken for ptomaine poisoning. Navaho-Kayenta Disinfectant. Plant used as a fumigant or emetic for biliousness. Navaho-Kayenta Emetic. Plant used as a fumigant or emetic for biliousness. Navaho-Kayenta Gast-intestinal aid. Plant used as a fumigant or emetic for biliousness. Paiute Analgesic. Sulphur flower Decoction of roots taken for stomachaches. Paiute Antirheumatic - Ext. Sulphur flower Poultice of mashed leaves, often with roots, for lameness or rheumatism. Paiute Cold remedy. Sulphur flower Hot decoction of roots taken for colds. Infusion of roots taken for colds. . . . . Paiute Gast-intestinal aid. Sulphur flower Decoction of root taken for stomachaches. Paiute Orthopedic aid. Sulphur flower Poultice of leaves, and sometimes roots, applied for lameness or rheumatism. Shoshone Antirheumatic - Ext. Sulphur flower Poultice of mashed leaves, often with roots, for lameness or rheumatism.

Genera

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(84:23) (84:23) (84:23) (84:23) (84:23) (84:23) (81:73) (81:73) (81:73) (71:470) (71:470) (71:470) (71:470) (71:470) (71:470) (71:470) (71:470) (71:470) (71:470) (70:131) (33:172) (92:30) (92:30) (55:49) (91:20) (91:20) (91:20) (81:73) (81:73) (81:73) (73:317) (81:73) (81:73) (81:73)

175

Eriogonum

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Eriogonum umbellatum Polygonaceae Shoshone Cold remedy. Sulphur flower Hot decoction of roots taken for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (81:73) Shoshone Orthopedic aid. Sulphur flower Poultice of leaves, and sometimes roots, applied for lameness or rheumatism. (81:73) Eriogonum mrgatum Polygonaceae Tubatulabal Dermatological aid. Infusion of entire plant used as lotion for pimples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (86:59) Eriogonum 'I.IlT"ightii Polygonaceae Navaho-Kayenta Emetic. Plant used as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . " (91:20) Eriophorum angustifolium Cyperaceae W. Eskimo Panacea. Cotton grass, tall Raw stems eaten to restore good health to persons in generally poor health. . . . . . . . . (46:27) Eriophorum callitri:J: Cyperaceae Ojibwa Hemostat. Hare's tail Matted fuzz used as a "hemostatic." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (63:368) Eriophorum chamissonis Cyperaceae W. Eskimo Dermatological aid. ERIOPHORUM RUSSEOLUM Cotton grass Poultice of "cotton" from plant applied to boils to absorb the pus. . . . . . . (44:17) W. Eskimo Eye medicine. ERIOPHORUM RUSSEOLUM Cotton grass (44:22) "Cotton" from plant put in corner of eye to absorb fluid from "watery eyes." Eriophorum 8cheuchzeri Cyperaceae W. Eskimo Dermatological aid. Cotton grass Poultice of "cotton" from plant applied to boils to absorb the pus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (44: 17) Eriophyllum lanatum Asteraceae Chehalis Love medicine. Sunflower, woolly Dried flowers used as a love charm. . . . . . . . . (34:49) Skagit Dermatological aid. Sunflower, woolly . Leaves rubbed on the face to prevent chapping. (34:49) Erod"um cicutarium Geraniaceae Costanoan Misc disease remedy. Infusion of leaves used for typhoid fever. . . (5:8) Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. (91:29) Plant used for wildcat, bobcat or mountain 'lion bites or infections. Navaho-Kayenta Disinfectant. (91:29) Plant used for wildcat, bobcat or mountain lion bites or infections. EJryngium aquaticum Apiaceae Alabama Emetic. Infusion of plant taken as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . (79:45) Cherokee Emetic. Infusion of plant taken to cause vomiting for nausea. (79:45) Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Infusion of plant taken to cause vomiting for nausea. (79:45) Choctaw Antidote. Snakeroot, bitter Root used as an "anti-poison," especially good for snake bite. (9:287) Choctaw Diuretic. Snakeroot, bitter Root used as a powerful diuretic, stimulant, and expectorant. (9:287) Choctaw Expectorant. Snakeroot, bitter Root used as a powerful diuretic, stimulant, and expectorant. (9:287) Choctaw Snake bite remedy. Snakeroot, bitter Root used as an "anti-poison," especially good for snake bite. (9:287) Choctaw Stimulant. Snakeroot, bitter Root used as a powerful diuretic, stimulant, and expectorant. (9:287) Choctaw Venereal aid. Snakeroot, bitter Plant used as a cure for gonorrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (9:287) Delaware-Ok! Anthelmintic. Button snakewood Root used as a medicine to rid the body of tapeworms and pinworms. . (77:29,76) Delaware-Okl Venereal aid. Button snakewood Root used alone and in compound to treat venereal disease. . (77:29,76) Koasati Emetic. Decoction of roots taken as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (79:45) EJryngium 8p. Apiaceae Paiute Antidiarrheal. ERYNGIUM ALISMAEFOLIUM Button snakewood Infusion of plant taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (81:73) EJryngium yuccifolium Apiaceae Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Rattlesnake master Used as snakebite remedy; also, decoction used to prevent whooping cough. (35:27) Cherokee Snake bite remedy. Rattlesnake master Used as snakebite remedy; also, decoction used to prevent whooping cough. (35:27)

176

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Genera

Eryngium

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Eryngium yuccifolium Apiaceae Cherokee Toothache remedy. Rattlesnake master Infusion held in mouth for toothaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (35:27) Creek Analgesic. ERYNGIUM YUCCAEFOLIUM Buttonsnake root (75:655,656) Cold infusion of root taken for neuralgia and kidney troubles. Creek Analgesic. Rattlesnake master (79:45) Cold infusion of pounded roots taken for neuralgia. . . . . . . Creek Antirheumatic - Int. ERYNGIUM YUCCAEFOLIUM Buttonsnake root (75:655,656) Plant used with "deer potato" to treat rheumatism. . . . . . . . . . Creek Blood medicine. ERYNGIUM YUCCAEFOLIUM Buttonsnake root (75:655,656) Infusion of root taken "to cleanse the system and purify the blood." Creek Blood medicine. Rattlesnake master (79:45) Plant used to cleanse the system and purify the blood. . . . Creek Cathartic. ERYNGIUM YUCCAEFOLIUM Buttonsnake root (75:655,656) Plant used as a physic; called "the war physic." . . . . . . . Creek Kidney aid. ERYNGIUM YUCCAEFOLIUM Buttonsnake root (75:655,656) Cold infusion of root taken for kidney troubles and neuralgia. Creek Kidney aid. Rattlesnake master (79:45) Cold infusion of pounded roots taken for kidney troubles. Creek Other. ERYNGIUM YUCCAEFOLIUM Buttonsnake root (75:655,656) Plant used for diseases of the spleen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Creek Panacea. ERYNGIUM YUCCAEFOLIUM Buttonsnake root (75:655,656) Infusion of root used to produce "an access of health." .. Creek Sedative. ERYNGIUM YUCCAEFOLIUM Buttonsnake root (75:655,656) Plant used to produce a feeling of peace and tranquility. . Creek Snake bite remedy. ERYNGIUM YUCCAEFOLIUM Buttonsnake root (75:655,656) Infusion of root used for snake bite. . . . . Creek Snake bite remedy. Rattlesnake master (79:45) Plant used for snake bites. . . . . . . . . . Creek Venereal aid. ERYNGIUM YUCCAEFOLIUM Buttonsnake root (75:655,656) Compound infusion of root taken to cure "the clap." Fox Antidote. Rattlesnake master (62:248) Root used as an antidote for poisons; also, used for bladder trouble. Fox Ceremonial medicine. Rattlesnake master (62:248) Leaves & fruit formerly introduced into rattlesnake medicine song and dance. Fox Snake bite remedy. Rattlesnake master (62:248) Root used as a medicine for rattlesnake bites; used for bladder trouble. Fox Urinary aid. Rattlesnake master (62:248) Root used to treat bladder trouble; also, used as an antidote for poisons. Natchez Antidiarrheal. Rattlesnake master (79:45) Infusion of parched leaves taken for dysentery. Natchez Hemostat. Rattlesnake master (79:45) Stem and leaves chewed for nosebleeds. Erysimum asperum Brassicaceae Teton Sioux Analgesic. CHEIRINIA ASPERA Wallflower, western Infusion of crushed seed taken & used externally for stomach or bowel cramps. (20:269) Teton Sioux Gast-intestinal aid. CHEIRINIA ASPERA Wallflower, western Infusion of crushed seeds used as a remedy for stomach or bowel cramps. (20:269) Erysimum capitatum Brassicaceae Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Wallflower, western Crushed leaves "smelled" for headache. . . . . . . . . (84:28,29) Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Wallflower, western Whole plant used as a ceremonial emetic. . (84:28,29) Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Wallflower, western Whole plant used as a ceremonial emetic. . (84:28,29) Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. Wallflower, western Whole plant chewed and blown over patient to aid in difficult labor. . (84:28,29) Navaho-Ramah Respiratory aid. Wallflower, western Pulverized pods snuffed to cause sneezing for relief of "congested nose." . (84:28,29) Navaho-Ramah Toothache remedy. Wallflower, western Poultice of warmed root applied for toothache. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:28,29) Erysimum che~ranthoide8 Brassicaceae Chippewa Dermatological aid. Mustard, wormseed Decoction of root applied to skin eruptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (21:350) Erysimum sp. Brassicaceae Zuni Analgesic. Infusion of whole plant applied to forehead & temples for headache from heat. (72:50) Zuni Dermatological aid. Infusion of whole plant rubbed over body to prevent sunburn. . . . . . . . . . . (72:50)

Genera

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177

Erythrina

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Erythrina herbacea Fabaceae Alabama GaBt-intestinal aid. Deer's peaB Cold infusion of root taken by women for bowel pain. (75:666) Choctaw Tonic. Decoction of leaves taken aB a general tonic. . (8:23) Creek Analgesic. Deer's peaB (75:666) Cold infusion of root taken by women for bowel pain. Erythronium americanum Liliaceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Lily, trout (35:43) Warmed leaves crushed, and juice poured over "wound that won't heal." Cherokee Febrifuge. Lily, trout Infusion of root given for fever; also, compound infusion given for fainting. (35:43) Cherokee Hunting medicine. Lily, trout Root chewed and spit into river to make fish bite. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (35:43) Cherokee Stimulant. Lily, trout (35:43) Infusion of root given for fever; also, compound infusion given for fainting. Iroquois Contraceptive. Adder's tongue, yellow (37:282) Raw plants, except the roots, are taken by young girls to prevent conception. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Adder's tongue, yellow (37:282) Poultice of smaBhed roots used for removing slivers and for swellings. Erythronium grandiftarum Liliaceae Montana Ind. Dermatological aid. Violet, dogtooth Poultice of crushed bulb-like roots applied to boils. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3:11) Erythronium sp. Liliaceae Wailaki Dermatological aid. ERYTHRONIUM GIGANTEUM Violet, dogtooth Poultice of crushed plant applied to boils. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (16:320) Eschschaltzia cali/arnica Papaveraceae Costanoan Insecticide. Decoction of flowers rubbed into the hair to kill lice. (5:9) Costanoan Pediatric aid. (5:9) Flowers laid underneath bed to put child to sleep. . . Costanoan Poison. (5:9) "Plant avoided by pregnant or lactating women aB smell may be poisonous." Costanoan Sedative. (5:9) Flowers laid underneath bed to put child to sleep. Mahuna Poison. Poppy, American golden (55:34) Plant is poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mendor:ino Ind Analgesic. ESCHSCHOLTZIA DOUGLAS I! Poppy, yellow (16:351) Root juice used as a wash for headaches and suppurating sores. Mendocino Ind Dermatological aid. ESCHSCHOLTZIA DOUGLASII Poppy, yellow (16:351) Root juice used aB a wash for headaches and suppurating sores. Mendocino Ind Emetic. ESCHSCHOLTZIA DOUGLASII Poppy, yellow (16:351) Root juice taken as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . Mendocino Ind Gast-intestinal aid. ESCHSCHOLTZIA DOUGLASI! Poppy, yellow (16:351) Root juice taken for stomachaches or consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mendocino Ind Gynecological aid. ESCHSCHOLTZIA DOUGLASII Poppy, yellow (16:351) Root juice used aB a wash by women to stop the secretion of milk. Mendocino Ind Narcotic. ESCHSCHOLTZIA DOUGLASI! Poppy, yellow (16:351) Root used for its stupefying effect. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mendocino Ind Toothache remedy. ESCHSCHOLTZIA DOUGLASII Poppy, yellow Root placed in cavity of tooth for toothaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (16:351) Mendocino Ind Tuberculosis remedy. ESCHSCHOLTZIA DOUGLASI! Poppy, yellow Root juice taken for stomachaches or consumption. . ........ . (16:351) Eschschaltzia pari8hii Papaveraceae Kawaiisu Dermatological aid. Poppy, Parish Poultice of dried, ground roots applied to venereal sores. (92:31) Kawaiisu Venereal aid. Poppy, Parish Root used for gonorrhea and syphilis. . . . . . . . . . . . (92:31) Euanymus americanus CelaBtraceae Cherokee Analgesic. Strawberry bush Infusion taken for stomachache; infusion of root for "falling of the womb." (35:38) Cherokee Antihemorrhagic. Strawberry bush Taken for "breaBt complaints;" also, taken for "spitting blood." (35:38) Cherokee Dermatological aid. Strawberry bush Astringent; infusion of bark sniffed for sinus. . . . . . . . . . . . (35:38) Used aB a tonic, an antiseptic, an expectorant, and for "white swelling." (35:38) Cherokee Disinfectant. Strawberry bush Used aB a tonic, an antiseptic, an expectorant, and for "white swelling." (35:38) Cherokee Expectorant. Strawberry bush Used aB a tonic, an antiseptic, an expectorant, and for "white swelling." (35:38)

178

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Genera

Euonymus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Euonymus americanus Celastraceae Cherokee Gynecological aid. Strawberry bush Infusion taken for stomachache; infusion of root for "falling of the womb." Cherokee Orthopedic aid. Strawberry bush Infusion of bark rubbed on cramps in veins; also, infusion sniffed for sinus. Cherokee Other. Strawberry bush Compound infusion taken for "bad disease." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Respiratory aid. Strawberry bush Infusion of bark rubbed on cramps in veins; also, infusion sniffed for sinus. Cherokee Tonic. Strawberry bush Used as a tonic, an antiseptic, an expectorant, and for "white swelling." Cherokee Urinary aid. EVONYMUS AMERICANUS Strawberry bush Infusion of bark taken for urinary troubles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Urinary aid. Strawberry bush Compound decoction for "irregular urination;" infusion of root for "claps." Cherokee Venereal aid. Strawberry bush Compound decoction for "irregular urination;" infusion of root for "claps." Iroquois Abortifacient. Strawberry bush Decoction of plants taken for suppressed menses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Decoction taken to stimulate suppressed menses; do not take when pregnant. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Strawberry bush Decoction of vine taken for excessive menstrual flow. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Urinary aid. Strawberry bush Compound decoction of plant taken for difficult urination due to excess gall. . Euonymus atropurpureus Celastraceae Fox Dermatological aid. EVONYMUS ATROPURPUREUS Wahoo Poultice of pounded fresh trunk bark applied to old facial sores. Fox Eye medicine. EVONYMUS ATROPURPUREUS Wahoo Infusion or decoction of bark used as a wash for weak or sore eyes. Mohegan Cathartic. EVONYMUS ATROPURPUREA Fire bush Infusion of plant used as a physic. . Mohegan Cathartic. Fire bush Infusion of leaves taken as a physic. Winnebago Gynecological aid. EUONYMUS ATROPURPUREA Burning bush Decoction of inner bark taken for uterine trouble. . . . . . . . . . . . . Euonymus europaeus Celastraceae Iroquois Anthelmintic. Spindle tree Compound decoction of plant taken to remove worms caused by solid food taboo. Decoction of bark given to children with worms. . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Cathartic. Spindle tree Infusion of roots taken to stimulate the appetite or as a physic. Iroquois Dietary aid. Spindle tree Infusion of roots taken to stimulate the appetite or as a physic. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Spindle tree Decoction of bark given to children with worms. Iroquois Urinary aid. Spindle tree Decoction of roots taken for bloody urine. Euonymus obovatus Celastraceae Iroquois Other. Strawberry bush, running Compound decoction of plants taken for stricture caused by bad blood. Iroquois Urinary aid. Strawberry bush, running Decoction of vines taken for difficult urination. .......... . Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Strawberry bush, running Compound infusion of plants taken by people who are bewitched. Euonymus sp. Celastraceae Iroquois Kidney aid. Compound taken for dropsy. No preparation indicated. . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Other. Compound decoction taken for stricture caused by a menstruating woman. Iroquois Venereal aid. Compound decoction of roots taken for gonorrhea and syphilis. . . . . . . . Eupatorium herbaceum Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Thoroughwort Cold infusion taken and used as lotion for fever and headache. Navaho-Ramah Febrifuge. Thoroughwort Cold infusion taken and used as lotion for fever and headache. Eupatorium maculatum Asteraceae Cherokee Adjuvant. Joe Pye weed Section of stem used to blow or spray medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Joe Pye weed Root used as a diuretic; also, for gout, "dropsy", and rheumatism.

Genera

(35:38) (35:38) (35:38) (35:38) (35:38) (79:38) (35:38) (35:38) (37:375) (37:375) (37:375) (37:375) (62:209) (62:209) (76:265) (78:72,130) · . (30:102) (37:374) (37:374) (37:374) (37:374) (37:374) (37:374) (37:375) (37:376) (37:375) (37:374) (37:374) (37:374) (84:51) (84:51) · (35:41,42) · (35:41,42)

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179

Eupatorium

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera

~ ~

Eupatorium maculatum Asteraceae Cherokee Diuretic. Joe Pye weed Root used as a diuretic; also, for gout, "dropsy", and rheumatism. . . . . . . Cherokee Gynecological aid. Joe Pye weed Root used for "female problems;" infusion of root as tonic during pregnancy. Cherokee Kidney aid. Joe Pye weed Root used for "dropsy;" also, infusion taken for kidney trouble. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Joe Pye weed Root used as a diuretic; also, for gout, "dropsy", and rheumatism. Cherokee Other. Joe Pye weed Infusion of root used as a wash "after becoming sick from odor of corpse." Cherokee Tonic. Joe Pye weed Root used for "female problems;" infusion of root as tonic during pregnancy. Cherokee Urinary aid. Joe Pye weed Compound decoction of root taken for "difficult urination." Chippewa Antirheumatic - Ext. Joe Pye weed Decoction of root used as a wash for joint inflammations. Chippewa Pediatric aid. Joe Pye weed Decoction of root used as quieting bath for fretful child. Chippewa Sedative. Joe Pye weed Decoction of root used as quieting bath for fretful child. Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Joe Pye weed Compound decoction of smashed plants taken for diarrhea. Iroquois Antirheumatic - Ext. Joe Pye weed Compound plants used for the liver and rheumatism. No preparation indicated. Iroquois Carminative. Joe Pye weed Compound decoction of plants taken for gas on the stomach. Iroquois Cold remedy. Joe Pye weed Infusion of roots taken for chills, fever and colds. Iroquois Febrifuge. Joe Pye weed Infusion of roots taken for chills, fever and colds. Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Joe Pye weed Decoction of dried roots taken for consumption and dried stomach. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Joe Pye weed Infusion of roots taken for soreness of womb and abdomen after childbirth. Iroquois Kidney aid. Joe Pye weed Infusion of roots taken for kidney trouble. . . . . . . Iroquois Liver aid. Joe Pye weed Compound infusion of roots taken for liver sickness. Iroquois Love medicine. Joe Pye weed Compound decoction of roots used as a wash for anti-love medicine. Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Joe Pye weed Decoction of dried roots taken for consumption and dried stomach. Iroquois Venereal aid. Joe Pye weed Decoction of roots taken for gonorrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Eupatorium occidentale Asteraceae Zuni Antirheumatic - Ext. Ingredient in "schumaakwe cakes," used externally for rheumatism & swelling. Zuni Dermatological aid. Ingredient in "schumaakwe cakes," used externally for rheumatism & swelling. Eupatorium perfoliatum Asteraceae Cherokee Cathartic. Boneset Used as a tonic, a sudorific, a stimulant, an emetic, and a purgative. Cherokee Cold remedy. Boneset Infusion taken for colds, sore throat, and flu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Diaphoretic. Boneset Used as a tonic, a sudorific, a stimulant, an emetic, and a purgative. Cherokee Disinfectant. Boneset Used as a tonic, a sudorific, a stimulant, an emetic, and an antiseptic. Cherokee Diuretic. Boneset Used as a tonic, a sudorific, a stimulant, an emetic, and a diuretic. Cherokee Emetic. Boneset Used as a tonic, a sudorific, a stimulant, an emetic, and a purgative. Cherokee Febrifuge. Boneset Taken for fever; also, taken for "biliary system." Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Boneset Taken for fever; also, taken for "biliary system." Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Boneset Infusion taken for "ague;" also, for colds and flu. Cherokee Stimulant. Boneset Used as a tonic, a sudorific, a stimulant, an emetic, and a purgative.

180

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Genera

· (35:41,42) · (35:41,42) · (35:41,42) · (35:41,42) · (35:41,42) · (35:41,42) · (35:41,42) (21:348) (21:364) (21:364) (37:456) (37:456) (37:456) (37:456) (37:456) (37:456) (37:455) (37:455) (37:456) (37:456) (37:456) (37:456) (72:50) (72:50) (35:26) (35:26) (35:26) (35:26) (35:26) (35:26) (35:26) (35:26) (35:26) (35:26)

Eupatorium

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Eupatorium perfoliatum Asteraceae Cherokee Throat aid. Boneset Infusion taken for colds, sore throat, and flu. Cherokee Tonic. Boneset Used as a tonic, a sudorific, a stimulant, an emetic, and a purgative. Chippewa Abortifacient. Boneset Root used to correct irregular menses. . . . . . . . . . Chippewa Antirheumatic - Ext. Boneset Poultice of boiled plant tops applied for rheumatism. Chippewa Snake bite remedy. Boneset Poultice of chewed plants applied to rattlesnake bites. Delaware-Okl Febrifuge. Boneset Infusion of root, sometimes with leaves, used to treat chills and fever. Delaware-Ont Gast-intestinal aid. Boneset Infusion of leaves taken as a stomach medicine; considered a powerful herb. Fox Anthelmintic. Boneset Infusion of leaves and blossoms used to expel worms. Fox Snake bite remedy. Boneset Root used as a sure cure for snake bite. . . . . . . . . Iroquois Analgesic. Boneset Infusion of roots taken for pains in the stomach and on the left side. Poultice of smashed plants applied for headaches. . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Cold remedy. Boneset Compound decoction of roots taken for the kidneys or for colds. Infusion of stems with leaves taken during the onset of a cold. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Boneset Infusion of roots used as wash & applied as poultice to syphilitic chancres. Iroquois Febrifuge. Boneset Infusion of whole plant, plant tops or roots taken for fevers. Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Boneset Infusion of roots taken for pains in the stomach and on the left side. Iroquois Hemorrhoid remedy. Boneset Plant used for piles. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Kidney aid. Boneset Compound decoction of roots taken for the kidneys or for colds. Iroquois Laxative. Boneset Compound decoction of flowers and leaves taken as a laxative. Iroquois Misc disease remedy. Boneset Decoction of smashed plants and roots taken for typhoid. Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Boneset Cold compound infusion of leaves applied as poultice to broken bones. Iroquois Other. Boneset Decoction of roots taken for stricture caused by menstruating girls. Plant used for divination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Poison. Boneset Plant put in enemy's liquor flask to kill him; used for sorcery. Iroquois Psychological aid. Boneset Decoction of smashed roots taken to stop the liquor habit. Iroquois Pulmonary aid. Boneset Decoction of roots taken for pneumonia and pleurisy. . . . Iroquois Venereal aid. Boneset Infusion of roots used as wash & applied as poultice to syphilitic chancres. Iroquois Veterinary aid. Boneset Infusion of whole plant given to horses with fevers. . . . . . . Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Boneset Plant put in enemy's liquor flask to kill him; used for sorcery. Koasati Emetic. Boneset Decoction of leaves taken as an emetic. Koasati Urinary aid. Boneset Decoction of roots taken for urinary troubles. Menominee Febrifuge. Boneset Infusion of whole plant used to dispel a fever. Micmac Kidney aid. Boneset Parts of plant used to treat gonorrhea; also, used for kidney trouble. Micmac Other. Boneset Parts of plant used for persons spitting blood; also, used for gonorrhea. Micmac Venereal aid. Boneset Parts of plant used to treat gonorrhea; also, used for kidney trouble. Mohegan Cold remedy. Boneset Bitter infusion taken for colds and fever. .............. . Infusion taken for many ailments, colds, fever, and general illness.

Genera

(35:26) (35:26) (31:142) (31:142) (31:142) . (77:28,76) (77:67,82) (62:214) (62:214) (37:457) (37:457) (37:458) (37:458) (37:456) (37:457) (37:457) (37:458) (37:458) (37:456) (37:458) (37:457) (37:457) (37:457) (37:457) (37:457) (37:458) (37:456) (37:457) (37:457) (79:61) (79:61) (61:30) (15:56) (15:56) (15:56) (11:118) (76:265)

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181

Eupatorium

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Eupatorium perfoliatum Asteraceae Mohegan Cold remedy. Boneset Simple or compound infusion of leaves taken in small doses for colds. Mohegan Febrifuge. Boneset Bitter infusion taken for colds and fever. .............. . Infusion of leaves taken in small doses for colds and fever. . . . . . Infusion taken for many ailments, colds, fever, and general illness. Mohegan Gast-intestinal aid. Boneset Leaves used to treat stomach trouble and colds. . . . . . . . Mohegan Panacea. Boneset Infusion of leaves taken in small doses for "general debility." Infusion taken for many ailments, colds, fever, and general illness. Mohegan Tonic. Boneset Complex compound infusion including boneset taken as spring tonic. Nanticoke Febrifuge. Boneset Compound infusion of whole plant taken for chills and fever. Penobscot Antihemorrhagic. Boneset Compound infusion of plant taken as a tonic and for "spitting up blood." Penobscot Kidney aid. Boneset Compound infusion of plant taken for gonorrhea and kidney trouble. . . . Penobscot Tonic. Boneset Compound infusion of plant taken as a tonic and for "spitting up blood." Penobscot Venereal aid. Boneset Compound infusion of plant taken for gonorrhea and kidney trouble. Rappahannock Tonic. Boneset Infusion of dried leaves (picked before flowers mature) taken as a tonic. Shinnecock Cold remedy. Boneset Bitter infusion taken for colds and fever. . .............. . Shinnecock Diaphoretic. Boneset Infusion taken cold, then a hot cup before bed to cause perspiring. Shinnecock Febrifuge. Boneset Bitter infusion taken for colds and fever. ............... . Eupatorium pilosum Asteraceae Cherokee Breast treatment. Hoarhound, wild Used for "breast complaints;" also, for colds and "phthisics." Cherokee Cold reinedy. Hoarhound, wild Used for "breast complaints;" also, for colds and "phthisics." Chero~ee Laxative. Hoarhound, wild Taken to increase urination; also, used as a tonic and a laxative. Cherokee Respiratory aid. Hoarhound, wild Used for "breast complaints;" also, for colds and "phthisics." .. Cherokee Tonic. Hoarhound, wild Taken to increase urination; also, used as a tonic and a laxative. Cherokee Urinary aid. Hoarhound, wild Taken to increase urination; also, used as a tonic and a laxative. Eupatorium pUTpureum Asteraceae Cherokee Adjuvant. EUPATORIUM PURPUREM Joe Pye weed Section of stem used to blow or spray medicine. . . . . . . Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. EUPATORIUM PURPUREM Joe Pye weed Root used as a diuretic; also, for gout, "dropsy", and rheumatism. Cherokee Diuretic. EUPATORIUM PURPUREM Joe Pye weed Root -used as a diuretic; also, for gout, "dropsy", and rheumatism. Cherokee Gynecological aid. EUPATORIUM PURPUREM Joe Pye weed Root used for "female problems;" infusion of root as tonic during pregnancy. Cherokee Kidney aid. EUPATORIUM PURPUREM Joe Pye weed Root used for "dropsy;" also, infusion taken for kidney trouble. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. EUPATORIUM PURPUREM Joe Pye weed Root used as a diuretic; also, for gout, "dropsy", and rheumatism. Cherokee Other. EUPATORIUM PURPUREM Joe Pye weed Infusion of root used as a wash "after becoming sick from odor of corpse." Cherokee Tonic. EUPATORIUM PURPUREM Joe Pye weed Root used for "female problems;" infusion of root as tonic during pregnancy. Cherokee Urinary aid. EUPATORIUM PURPUREM Joe Pye weed Compound decoction of root taken for "difficult urination." Chippewa Cold remedy. Joe Pye weed Vapors from infusion of plant tops inhaled for colds. Chippewa Gynecological aid. Joe Pye weed Plant used to counteract the bad effects of a miscarriage. Fox Love medicine. Joe Pye weed Root kept in mouth and nibbled when wooing women. ..

182

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Genera

(78:72,130) · . (11:118) (78:72,130) (76:265) (78:130) (78:72,130) (76:265) (76:266) · (77:56,84) (66:311) (66:311) (66:311) (66:311) (69:34) (11:118) (11:118) (11:118) (35:38) (35:38) (35:38) (35:38) (35:38) (35:38) · (35:41,42) · (35:41,42) · (35:41,42) · (35:41,42) · (35:41,42) · (35:41,42) · (35:41,42) · (35:41,42) · (35:41,42) (31:142) (31:142) (62:214)

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera

Eupatorium ~ ~

Eupatorium purpureum Asteraceae Iroquois Other. EUPATORIUM FALCATUM

Joe Pye weed Compound infusion used as wash on parts injured; a "Little Water Medicine." Mahuna Laxative. Joe Pye weed, American Infusion of roots taken as a laxative. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Menominee Gynecological aid. Joe Pye weed Compound decoction of root taken after childbirth "for internal healing." Menominee Urinary aid. Joe Pye weed Plant used to treat diseases of the genito-urinary canal. Navaho Antidote. Joe Pye weed Plant used as an antidote for poison. . . . . Navaho Dermatological aid. Joe Pye weed Decoction of plant taken for arrow wounds. Ojibwa Pediatric aid. Joe Pye weed Strong solution of root used as strengthening wash for infants. Potawatomi Burn dressing. Joe Pye weed Poultice of fresh leaves applied to heal burns. Potawatomi Gynecological aid. Joe Pye weed Root used "to clear up afterbirth." . . . . . . Rappahannock Blood medicine. Queen of the meadow An ingredient of a blood medicine. No preparation indicated. Eupatorium rugoBUm Asteraceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Snakeroot, white Taken for diarrhea; also, for gravel and urinary diseases. Cherokee Diuretic. Snakeroot, white Root is used as a stimulant, a tonic, and a diuretic. . .. Cherokee Febrifuge. Snakeroot, white Taken for ague and for fever; also, for gravel and urinary diseases. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Snakeroot, white Taken for ague and for fever; also, for gravel and urinary diseases. Cherokee Stimulant. Snakeroot, white Root is used as a stimulant, a tonic, and a diuretic. Cherokee Tonic. Snakeroot, white Root is used as a stimulant, a tonic, and a diuretic. Cherokee Urinary aid. Snakeroot, white Taken for ague and for fever; also, for gravel and urinary diseases. Fox Diaphoretic. EUPATORIUM URTICAEFOLIUM Snakeroot, white Used as a steaming agent in the sweat bath. . . . . . . . . . Fox Stimulant. EUPATORIUM URTICAEFOLIUM Snakeroot, white Smudged and used to revive an unconscious patient. Iroquois Blood medicine. Snakeroot, white Decoction of roots taken to separate venereal disease from the blood. Iroquois Cathartic. Snakeroot, white Decoction of whole plant and roots taken as a physic. . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Diaphoretic. Snakeroot, white Decoction of roots taken and used as sweat bath to keep patient cooled. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Snakeroot, white Decoction or infusion of roots taken for a fallen or inflammed womb. Iroquois Panacea. Snakeroot, white Plant used for anything. No preparation or application indicated. .. Iroquois Venereal aid. Snakeroot, white Decoction of roots taken to separate venereal disease from the blood. Iroquois Veterinary aid. Snakeroot, white Infusion of plants given to horses to stop sweating. Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Snakeroot, white Decoction of stems used as a witchcraft medicine. Eupatorium serotinum Asteraceae Houma Febrifuge. Woman's head Decoction of flowers taken to relieve fever in cases of typhoid. Houma Misc disease remedy. Woman's head Decoction of flowers taken to relieve fever of typhoid. Eupatonum sp. Asteraceae Chickasaw Toothache remedy. EUPATORIUM AGERATOIDES Snakeroot, white Roots chewed and held in mouth for toothache. . ..... Choctaw Stimulant. EUPATORIUM AGERATOIDES Snakeroot, white Used as a "warming stimulant and tonic." ........ . Choctaw Tonic. EUPATORIUM AGERATOIDES Snakeroot, white Used as a "warming stimulant and tonic." Choctaw Toothache remedy. EUPATORIUM AGERATOIDES Snakeroot, white Roots chewed and held in mouth for toothache.

Genera

(37:455) (55:18) (22:133) (61:30) (23:85) (23:85) (63:364) (64:52) (64:52) (69:31) (35:56) (35:56) (35:56) (35:56) (35:56) (35:56) (35:56) (62:214) (62:214) (37:459) (37:458) (37:459) (37:459) (37:459) (37:459) (37:459) (37:458) (68:64) (68:64) (9:288) (9:288) (9:288) (9:288)

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183

Euphorbia

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Euphorbia albomarginata Euphorbiaceae Kawaiisu Snake bite remedy. Rattlesnake weed Ground leaves and flowers used as a salve for rattlesnake bites. Kawaiisu Veterinary aid. Rattlesnake weed Poultice applied or decoction of leaves given to animals with snake bites. Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Spurge Cold infusion used for stomachache. Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Spurge Cold infusion of plant taken for stomachache. Navaho-Ramah Hemostat. Spurge Poultice of plant used as a hemostatic. .. . . Shoshone Snake bite remedy. Spurge Poultice of crushed whole plant applied to snake bites. Shoshone Tonic. Spurge Decoction of plant taken as a tonic for general debility. Euphorbia corollata Euphorbiaceae Cherokee Cancer treatment. Spurge, flowering Decoction prepared with herbs taken for cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Cathartic. Spurge, flowering Taken as a purgative; juice used as ointment for "sores and sore nipples." Cherokee Dermatological aid. Spurge, flowering "Juice rubbed on skin eruptions, especially on children's heads." Taken as a purgative; juice used as ointment for "sores and sore nipples." Cherokee Gynecological aid. Spurge, flowering Infusion taken to stop bleeding after childbirth; root used for toothache. Cherokee Pediatric aid. Spurge, flowering "Juice rubbed on skin eruptions, especially on children's heads." Cherokee Toothache remedy. Spurge, flowering Infusion taken to stop bleeding after childbirth; root used for toothache. Cherokee Urinary aid. Spurge, flowering Infusion of bruised root taken for urinary diseases. Infusion of bruised roots taken for yellow urine. Cherokee Venereal aid. Spurge, flowering Decoction taken for gonorrhea and "similar diseases." Fax Anthelmintic. EUPHORHIA COROLLATA Spurge, flowering Compound infusion of root used to expel pinworms. Fax Antirheumatic - Int. Spurge, flowering Decoction of root taken to cure rheumatism. . . . . . . . . Fax Cathartic. EUPHORHIA COROLLATA Spurge, flowering Decoction of root taken before breakfast as a physic; compound also used. Micmac Emetic. Milkweed Root used as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ojibwa Cathartic. Spurge, flowering Infusion of pounded root taken before eating, as a physic. Euphorbia /endleri Euphorbiaceae Hopi Dietary aid. CHAMAESYCE FENDLERI Young roots fed to sick baby whose mother's milk is failing. Hopi Oral aid. CHAMAESYCE FENDLERI Euphorbia Dried, ground plant used as soothing lip balm. . . . . . . . . Hopi Pediatric aid. CHAMAESYCE FENDLERI Young roots fed to sick baby whose mother's milk is failing. Navaho Gast-intestinal aid. Infusion of plant taken for stomachaches. . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Cold infusion or decoction used for stomachache and diarrhea. Navaho-Ramah Antidiarrheal. Cold infusion or decoction of plant taken for stomachache or diarrhea. Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Plant used as a ceremonial medicine. . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Plant used topically to cure warts and poison ivy. Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Cold infusion or decoction of plant taken for stomachache or diarrhea. Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. Pulverized plant used topically as a lactagogue and for breast injuries. Navaho-Ramah Hemostat. Poultice of chewed plant applied to cuts as hemostatic. Navaho-Ramah Toothache remedy. Hot poultice of plant applied for toothache. . Navaho-Ramah Veterinary aid. Milky juice applied to snake bite in livestock.

184

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Genera

(92:31) (92:31) (84:35) (84:35) (84:35) . (81:73,74) . (81:73,74) (35:45) (35:45) (35:45) (35:45) (35:45) (35:45) (35:45) (35:45) (79:35) (35:45) (62:220,221) (62:220,221) (62:220,221) (15:56) (63:369) . ..

(88:84)

(88:33,83-4) (88:84) (38:151) (84:35) (84:35) (84:35) (84:35) (84:35) (84:35) (84:35) (84:35) (84:35)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Euphorbia

Table 1: Genera - Euphorbia glyptosperma Euphorbiaceae

Iroquois Gynecological aid. Purslane, milk Plant used to stimulate lactation. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Other. Purslane, milk Compound decoction of stems taken and used as a wash for goiter. Thompson Ind Snake bite remedy. Spurge Fresh plant rubbed on all snake bites, but especially rattlesnake bites. Euphorbia incisa Euphorbiaceae Navaho-Kayenta Gynecological aid. Plant used to increase fertility in humans or livestock. Navaho-Kayenta Veterinary aid. Plant used to increase fertility in humans or livestock. Euphorbia ipecacuanhae Euphorbiaceae Cherokee Diaphoretic. CEPHAELIS IPECACUANHA Ipecacuanha Used as an emetic, a diaphoretic, and an expectorant. Cherokee Emetic. CEPHAELIS IPECACUANHA Ipecacuanha Used as an emetic, a diaphoretic, and an expectorant. Cherokee Expectorant. CEPHAELIS IPECACUANHA Ipecacuanha Used as an emetic, a diaphoretic, and an expectorant. Cherokee Gynecological aid. CEPHAELIS IPECACUANHA Ipecacuanha "Stops violent hemorrhaging from lungs and womb when given in small doses." Cherokee Pulmonary aid. CEPHAELIS IPECACUANHA Ipecacuanha "Stops violent hemorrhaging from lungs and womb when given in small doses." Euphorbia lurida Euphorbiaceae Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. Poultice of root applied to hard areas of "caked breast." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Euphorbia maculata Euphorbiaceae Cherokee Cancer treatment. Eyebane Decoction prepared with herbs taken for cancer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Cathartic. Eyebane Taken as a purgative; juice used as ointment for "sores and sore nipples." Cherokee Dermatological aid. Eyebane "Juice rubbed on skin eruptions, especially on children's heads." Taken as a purgative; juice used as ointment for "sores and sore nipples." Cherokee Gynecological aid. Eyebane Infusion taken to stop bleeding after childbirth; root used for toothache. Cherokee Pediatric aid. Eyebane "Juice rubbed on skin eruptions, especially on children's heads." Cherokee Toothache remedy. Eyebane Infusion taken to stop bleeding after childbirth; root used for toothache. Cherokee Urinary aid. EUPHORBIA HYPERICIFOLIA Infusion of bruised roots taken for yellow urine. Cherokee Urinary aid. Eyebane Infusion of bruised root taken for urinary diseases. Cherokee Venereal aid. Eyebane Decoction taken for gonorrhea and "similar diseases." Costanoan Blood medicine. Infusion of plant taken to purify the blood. Costanoan Dermatological aid. Decoction of plant used as a wash for eyes or cuts. Milky juice applied to pimples; infusion of foliage used as a hair wash. Costanoan Eye medicine. Decoction of plant used as a wash for eyes or cuts. . . . . . . Houma Dermatological aid. EUPHORBIA NUTANS Milkweed Milk from stem rubbed on skin to relieve itching and eczema. · Poultice of crushed leaves applied to bad sores. . . . . . . . . · Houma Gast-intestinal aid. EUPHORBIA NUTANS Milkweed Cool decoction of plant in milk given to babies for sickness from bad milk. Houma Pediatric aid. EUPHORBIA NUTANS Milkweed · Cool decoction of plant in milk given to babies for sickness from bad milk. Euphorbia marginata Euphorbiaceae Pawnee Poison. DICHROPHYLLUM MARGINATUM Snow on the mountain Plant considered poisonous. ..................................... Euphorbia polycarpa Euphorbiaceae Luisenos Snake bite remedy. Yerba golondrina Plant used for rattlesnake bites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pima Dermatological aid. Spurge Poultice of plant applied to scorpion and snake bites. Pima Diaphoretic. Spurge Plant chewed to cause vomiting and sweating for snake bites.

Genera

•

(37:369) (37:369) (71:462) (91:30) (91:30) (35:40) (35:40) (35:40) (35:40) (35:40) .

(84:35) (35:45) (35:45) (35:45) (35:45) (35:45) (35:45) (35:45) (79:35) (35:45) (35:45) (5:9) (5:9) (5:9) (5:9)

(68:65,66) (68:65,66) (68:65) (68:65,66) .

(30:99) (65:231) (17:99) (17:99)

185

Euphorbia

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Euphorbia polycarpa Euphorbiaceae Pima Emetic. Spurge Roots chewed to vomit for stomach troubles, snake bites and constipation. Pima Gast-intestinal aid. Spurge Roots chewed to vomit and loosen bowels for stomach troubles. Pima Laxative. Spurge Roots chewed to loosen bowels for stomach troubles and constipation. Pima Poison. Spurge Plant is poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pima Snake bite remedy. Spurge Plant chewed to cause vomiting and sweating for snake bites. Plant juice used as wash and poultice of plant applied to snake bites. Shoshone Eye medicine. Spurge Infusion of plant used as an eyewash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Tonic. Spurge Infusion of plant taken as a tonic "for any general, indisposed feeling." Zuni Gynecological aid. Spurge Warm gruel made with plant and white cornmeal taken to promote milk flow. Euphorbia revoluta Euphorbiaceae Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Plant used as a lotion for chafing and sores. Euphorbia rolrusta Euphorbiaceae Navaho-Kayenta Analgesic. Plant used for injuries, pain and bewitchment. Navaho-Kayenta Other. Plant used for injuries, pain and bewitchment. Navaho-Kayenta Witchcraft medicine. Plant used for injuries, pain and bewitchment. Euphorbia serpyllifolia Euphorbiaceae Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Cold infusion or decoction of plant taken for stomachache. . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Antidiarrheal. Cold infusion or decoction of plant taken for stomachache or diarrhea. Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Plant used as a ceremonial medicine. . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Plant used topically to cure warts and poison ivy. Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Cold infusion or decoction of plant taken for stomachache or diarrhea. Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. Pulverized plant used topically as a lactagogue and for breast injuries. Navaho-Ramah Hemostat. Poultice of chewed plant applied to cuts as a hemostatic. Navaho-Ramah Toothache remedy. Hot poultice of plant applied for toothache. . Navaho-Ramah Veterinary aid. Milky juice applied to snake bite in livestock. Zuni Cathartic. Plant used as an emetic and a cathartic. Zuni Emetic. Plant used as an emetic and a cathartic. Zuni Gynecological aid. Plant used to increase the flow of milk in nursing mother. Euphorbia sp. Euphorbiaceae Creek Cathartic. Infusion of roots taken to make the bowels act; "a very violent remedy." .. Mahuna Dermatological aid. Infusion of plant used as a wash for minor skin eruptions and scalp diseases. Navaho Cathartic. EUPHORBIA MONTANA Spurge, mountain Compound infusion of plants taken for purging. Navaho Cathartic. EUPHORBIA MONTANA Plant used as a purge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho Dermatological aid. EUPHORBIA MONTANA Spurge, mountain Plant rubbed as a liniment or poultice of plant applied to boils and pimples .. Navaho Gast-intestinal aid. EUPHORBIA LATA Plant used for upset stomachs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho Gynecological aid. EUPHORBIA MONTANA Spurge, mountain Compound infusion of plants taken for confinement. . . . . . . . Omaha Antidiarrheal. CHAMAESYCE SERPYLLIFOLIA Dried leaves rubbed into abdominal scratches for children's dysentery.

186

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Genera

(17:99) (17:99) (17:99) (17:99) (17:99) (17:99) (81:74) (81:74) (72:51 ) (91:30) (91:30) (91:30) (91:30) (84:35) (84:35) (84:35) (84:35) (84:35) (84:35) (84:35) (84:35) (84:35) (72:51) (72:51 ) (72:51) (75:661) (55:13) (23:60) (38:151) (23:60) (38:151) (23:60) (30:99)

Euphorbia

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Euphorbiaceae Omaha Gast-intestinal aid. CHAMAESYCE SERPYLLIFOLIA Dried leaves rubbed into abdominal scratches for children's bloating. (30:99) Paiute Dermatological aid. EUPHORBIA ARENICOLA Spurge (81:74) Poultice of mashed plant applied to reduce swellings. Paiute Eye medicine. EUPHORBIA ARENICOLA Spurge (81:74) Decoction of leaves used as an eyewash. . . . . . . . . Ponca Gynecological aid. CHAMAESYCE SERPYLLIFOLIA (30:99) Decoction of plant taken to encourage milk flow in nursing mothers. Eurdtia lanata Chenopodiaceae Gosiute Febrifuge. Sage, white Plant used for intermittent fevers. . . . . . . . . . .. (14:369) Hopi Febrifuge. Winterfat Compound containing plant used to treat fever. . (88:32,74) Hopi Orthopedic aid. Winterfat Plant used to treat sore muscles. . . . . . . (88:32) Navaho Antihemorrhagic. Sage, white (23:44) Decoction of leaves taken for blood spitting. Navaho Dermatological aid. Sage, white Plant used for sores and boils. (38:151) Navaho Misc disease remedy. Sage, white (38:151) Plant used for smallpox. . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Antidote. Winterfat Cold infusion of plant taken as needed for datura poisoning. (84:25) Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Winterfat Poultice of chewed leaves applied to poison ivy rash. (84:25) Navaho-Ramah Other. Winterfat Cold infusion of plant used as "life medicine." (84:25) Paiute Dermatological aid. Sage, white Decoction of plant used as a head and scalp tonic; prevents graying. . (81:74,75) Paiute Eye medicine. Sage, white Decoction of leaves, alone or with stems, as wash or compress for sore eyes. . (81:74-5) Shoshone Dermatological aid. Sage, white Decoction of plant used as a head and scalp tonic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (81:74,75) Shoshone Eye medicine. Sage, white Decoction of leaves, alone or with stems, as wash or compress for sore eyes. (81:74,75) Zuni Burn dressing. Sage, winter Poultice of ground root applied to burns and bound with cotton cloth. (72:51) Evolvulus pilOSU8 Convolvulaceae Navaho-Kayenta Nose medicine. Plant used as a snuff for itching in the nose and sneezing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (91:37) Fagopyrum sagittatum Polygonaceae Iroquois Pediatric aid. FAGOPYRUM ESCULENTUM Buckwheat Decoction of plant given when "baby is sick because of mother's adultery." (37:313) Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. FAGOPYRUM ESCULENTUM Buckwheat Decoction taken by the mother "who is running around, making baby sick." (37:313) Fagus grandi/alia Fagaceae Cherokee Anthelmintic. Beech Nuts of plant chewed for worms. (35:25) Chippewa Pulmonary aid. Beech (31:128) Bark used for pulmonary troubles. Iroquois Abortifacient. Beech (37:302) Bark used for abortions, only when mother is suffering. No application given. Iroquois Blood medicine. Beech (37:302) Complex compound as a blood purifier. No preparation or application given. Iroquois Burn dressing. Beech (37:302) Compound decoction of leaves used as a poultice for burns or scalds. . . . . . Iroquois Dermatological aid. Beech (37:302) Compound decoction taken for yellow skin, gall, and when "skin becomes thin." Iroquois Liver aid. Beech (37:302) Compound decoction taken for yellow skin, gall, and when "skin becomes thin." Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Beech (37:302) Compound decoction of bark taken for consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . Menominee Unspecified. Beech (61:36) Inner bark of the trunk & root are used in compounds; use not specified. Micmac Venereal aid. Beech (15:56) Leaves used to treat chancre. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Potawatomi Burn dressing. Beech (64:58) Decoction of leaves used to cure wounds from burning or scalding. Potawatomi Dermatological aid. Beech (64:58) Decoction of leaves used to restore frostbitten extremities. Euphorbia sp.

Genera

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187

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Fagus

Table 1: Genera - Fagus grandi/olia Fagaceae Rappahannock Dermatological aid. Beech Compound infusion of north side bark as a waSh for poison ivy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (69:34) Fallugia paradoxa Rosaceae Navaho-Kayenta Witchcraft medicine. .. (91:26) Plant used as witchcraft to cause insanity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Apache plume · (84:30,31) Cold infusion of leaves as ceremonial lotion; leaves as ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Apache plume · (84:30,31) Leaves used as an emetic in various ceremonies. . . . . . . . . . Tewa Dermatological aid. Apache plume · (54:46,47) Infusion of leaves used as shampoo, to promote growth of hair. Fendlera rupicola Saxifragaceae Navaho Gast-intestinal aid. (23:51) Infusion of inner bark taken when ants are swallowed. Navaho Insecticide. (23:51) Plant used to kill hair lice. Navaho-Kayenta Cathartic. (91:25) Plant used as a cathartic. Navaho-Kayenta Ceremonial medicine. (91:25) Plant used for Plumeway, Nightway, Male Shootingway and Windway ceremonies. Festuca obtusa Poaceae Iroquois Heart medicine. Grass, nodding fescue · (37:273) Decoction of smashed roots taken for heart disease. . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Other. Grass, nodding fescue Compound used as a "corn medicine." No preparation indicated. · (37:273) Filipendula rubra Rosaceae Fox Heart medicine. Queen of the prairie (62:241,242) Root used as an important medicine for treating various heart troubles. Fox Love medicine. Queen of the prairie (62:241,242) Compound containing root used as a love medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . Foeniculum sp. Apiaceae Hopi Other. FOENICULUM OFFICINALE Fennel · (88:86,87) Plant used as a substitute for tobacco. Foeniculum vulgare Apiaceae Cherokee Carminative. Fennel, sweet (35:33) Used as a tonic; also, given for colic and for child's flatulence. Cherokee Cold remedy. Fennel, sweet (35:33) Used as a tonic; also, given for colds and for child's flatulence. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Fennel, sweet (35:33) Used as a tonic; also, given for colic and for child's flatulence. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Fennel, sweet (35:33) Used as a tonic; also, given to women in labor . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Pediatric aid. Fennel, sweet (35:33) Used as a tonic; also, given for colic and for child's flatulence. Cherokee Tonic. Fennel, sweet (35:33) Used as a tonic; also, given for colic and for child's flatulence. Forestiera acuminata Oleaceae Houma Panacea. Alligator tree Decoction of roots and bark taken as a "health beverage." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (68:63) Forestiera neomexicana Oleaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Adelia (84:39) Leaves used as ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Disinfectant. Adelia Plant used for "bear infection." (84:39) Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Adelia (84:39) Leaves used as ceremonial emetic. Fouquieria splendens Fouquieriaceae Mahuna Blood medicine. Candlewood, American desert (55:28) Plant used as a blood specific,. purifier and tonic. Fragaria chiloensis Rosaceae Quileute Burn dressing. Strawberry, wild Poultice of chewed leaves applied to burns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . '. (34:36) Fragaria sp. Rosaceae Iroquois Abortifacient. Strawberry Infusion of whole plant taken by women to regulate menses. · (37:352) Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Strawberry Compound decoction of roots taken for diarrhea with blood. · (37:352) Iroquois Blood medicine. Strawberry Compound decoction of roots taken as blood remedy for all ages. · (37:352)

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18B

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Genera

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Fragaria

Table 1: Genera - Fragaria Bp. Rosaceae Iroquois Eye medicine. Strawberry Decoction of roots used as a wash for chancre sores and for sties. (37:352) Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Strawberry Plant used for colic in babies. No preparation or application indicated. (37:352) Iroquois Gynecological aid. Strawberry Plant used for gonorrhea. No preparation or application indicated. (37:352) Iroquois Heart medicine. Strawberry Compound used for stroke. No preparation or application indicated. (37:352) Iroquois Oral aid. Strawberry Decoction of roots used as a wash for chancre sores and for sties. (37:352) Iroquois Pediatric aid. Strawberry Compound decoction of plant given when "baby's teeth are coming in." (37:352) Iroquois Toothache remedy. Strawberry Compound decoction of plant given when "baby's teeth are coming in." (37:352) Navaho-Ramah Other. FRAGARIA CALIFORNICA Strawberry Whole plant used as "life medicine." (84:31) Skokomish Antidiarrheal. Decoction of whole plant taken for diarrhea. (34:36) Fragaria vesca Rosaceae Potawatomi Gast-intestinal aid. Strawberry, European wood Root used to treat stomach complaints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (64:76,77) Fragaria virginiana Rosaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Strawberry, wild Infusion taken to calm nerves; also, infusion taken for dysentery. (35:57) Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Strawberry, wild Taken for disease of kidneys and bladder; also, for visceral obstructions. (35:57) Cherokee Kidney aid. Strawberry, wild Taken for disease of kidneys and bladder; also, for visceral obstructions. (35:57) Cherokee Liver aid. Strawberry, wild Taken for jaundice; also, taken for scurvy. .. (35:57) Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Strawberry, wild Taken for jaundice; also, taken for scurvy. .. (35:57) Cherokee Other. Strawberry, wild Infusion taken to calm nerves; also, infusion taken for dysentery. (35:57) Cherokee Psychological aid. Strawberry, wild Kept in home to insure happiness. . . . . . . . . (35:57) Cherokee Toothache remedy. Strawberry, wild Fruit held in mouth to remove tartar from teeth. (35:57) Cherokee Urinary aid. Strawberry, wild Taken for disease of kidneys and bladder; also, for visceral obstructions. (35:57) Chippewa Misc disease remedy. Strawberry, wild Infusion of root given for "cholera infantum." (21:346) Chippewa Pediatric aid. Strawberry, wild Infusion of root given for "cholera infantum." (21:346) Micmac Abortifacient. Strawberry, wild Parts of plant used to treat irregular menstruation. (15:56) Ojibwa Analgesic. Strawberry, wild Infusion taken to relieve stomachache. . . . . . . . . (63:384) Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. Strawberry, wild Infusion of root used for stomachache, especially for babies. (63:384) Ojibwa Pediatric aid. Strawberry, wild Infusion of root used for stomachache, especially for babies. (63:384) Franseria acanthicarpa Asteraceae Zuni Abortifacient. GAERTNERIA ACANTHICARPA Ragweed Infusion of whole plant taken and used as wash for "obstructed menstruation." . (72:51,52) Zuni Toothache remedy. GAERTNERIA ACANTHICARPA Ragweed Ground root placed in tooth to relieve toothache. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (72:51,52) Franseria ambrosioides Asteraceae Pima Analgesic. Cocklebur, false Decoction of crushed roots taken by women for pains and menstrual hemorrhage. (17:103) Pima Antihemorrhagic. Cocklebur, false Decoction of crushed roots taken by women for pains and menstrual hemorrhage. (17:103) Pima Cough medicine. Cocklebur, false Poultice of warmed leaves applied to the chest to loosen a cough. . . . . . . . . . . (17:103) Pima Gynecological aid. Cocklebur, false Decoction of crushed roots taken by women for pains and menstrual hemorrhage. (17:103) Franseria Bp. Asteraceae Navaho Gynecological aid. FRANSERIA TENUIFOLIA Sage, bur Plant used to facilitate delivery of the placenta after childbirth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (38:151)

Genera

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189

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Fraxinus

Table 1: Genera -F'raxinus americana Oleaceae

Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Ash, white Tonic of inner bark taken for liver and stomach. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Ash, white Infusion of bark used to "check discharge." Delaware-Okl Cathartic. Ash, white . Decoction of bark taken as an emetic or cathartic. Delaware-Okl Emetic. Ash, white . Decoction of bark taken as an emetic or cathartic. Delaware-Okl Gast-intestinal aid. Ash, white Decoction of bark taken ''to remove bile from the intestines." Delaware-Okl Liver aid. Ash, white Decoction of bark taken "to remove bile from the intestines." Fox Dermatological aid. Ash, white Infusion of bark used for sores, to cure itch, and for vermin on the scalp. Fox Snake bite remedy. Ash, white Decoction of flowers taken as an antidote for a bite, probably a snake bite. Iroquois Blood medicine. Ash, white Compound used for bad blood and sores on the neck. No preparation indicated. Iroquois Cathartic. Ash, white Decoction of bark taken as a physic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . Iroquois Dermatological aid. Ash, white Compound infusion of bark taken and applied as poultice to syphilitic lumps. Compound used for bad blood and sores on the neck. No preparation indicated. Iroquois Emetic. Ash, white Bark chewed to vomit for hunting deer; a "hunting medicine." Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Ash, white Compound decoction of bark taken for cramps in the stomach. Iroquois Hunting medicine. Ash, white Bark chewed to vomit for hunting deer; a "hunting medicine." Iroquois Laxative. Ash, white Compound decoction of bark taken as a laxative. . . . . . . . . Iroquois Reproductive aid. Ash, white Compound decoction of roots and bark taken to induce pregnancy. Iroquois Snake bite remedy. Ash, white Decoction of roots taken and applied as poultice to snake bites. Iroquois Venereal aid. Ash, white Compound infusion of bark taken and applied as poultice to syphilitic lumps. Iroquois Veterinary aid. Ash, white Compound decoction of plants mixed with feed as a laxative for horses. Micmac Gynecological aid. Ash, yellow Leaves used for cleansing after childbirth. Ojibwa Unspecified. Ash, white Root bark used for medicinal purposes. Penobscot Gynecological aid. Ash, yellow Strong decoction of leaves taken after childbirth for cleansing. F'raxinus anomala Oleaceae Navaho-Kayenta Other. Seeds used in prayer for rain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F'raxinus lati/alia Oleaceae Costanoan Febrifuge. Cold infusion of twigs used for fevers. Costanoan Snake bite remedy. Leaves placed in sandals as a snake repellent. Cowlitz Anthelmintic. FRAXINUS OREGANA Ash, Oregon Infusion of bark taken for worms. . . . . . . . . . . . . Karok Other. FRAXINUS OREGONA Ash, Oregon Bark used to prevent bad effect on medicine by ceremonially impure person. Yokia Dermatological aid. FRAXINUS OREGANA Ash, Oregon Mashed roots used for wounds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . F'raxinus nigra Oleaceae Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Ash, black Tonic of inner bark taken for liver and stomach. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Ash, black Infusion of bark used to "check discharge." Fox Laxative. Ash, black Compound infusion of wood used to loosen the bowels. Fox Panacea. Ash, black Inner bark of trunk considered a remedy for any internal ailments. Iroquois Analgesic. Ash, black Infusion of bark taken for painful urination. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

190

•

Genera

(35:23) (35:23) (77:25,76) (77:25,76) (77:25) (77:25) (62:233) (62:233) (37:412) (37:411) · (37:412) · (37:412) · (37:412) · (37:412) (37:412) (37:412) (37:411) (37:411) (37:412) (37:412) (15:56) · (52:245) · (66:310) . (91:35)

(5:12) (5:12) (34:45) (58:388) (16:378) (35:23) (35:23) (62:233) (62:233) (37:412)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Fraxinus

Table 1: Genera - F'roxinus nigm Oleaceae Iroquois Antirheumatic - Ext. Ash, black (37:412) Compound infusion of roots and bark as foot soak for rheumatism. Iroquois Ear medicine. Ash, black (37:413) Compound infusion of roots used as drops for earaches. Iroquois Laxative. Ash, black (37:413) Compound decoction of bark taken as a laxative. Iroquois Other. Ash, black (37:413) Compound decoction of bark taken for stricture. Iroquois Reproductive aid. Ash, black (37:413) Compound decoction of roots and bark taken to induce pregnancy. Iroquois Urinary aid. Ash, black (37:412) Infusion of bark taken for painful urination. . ............ . Iroquois Veterinary aid. Ash, black (37:413) Compound decoction of plants mixed with feed given to horses as a laxative. Menominee Adjuvant. Ash, black (61:43) Inner bark used as a seasoner for medicines. . . . . . . . . S Ojibwa Eye medicine. FRAXINUS SAMBUCIFOLIA Ash, black (39:200) Infusion of inner bark applied to sore eyes. F'roxinus penrl1l1Jlvanica Oleaceae Ojibwa Tonic. Ash, red (63:376) Compound containing inner bark used as a tonic. Omaha Ceremonial medicine. FRAXINUS VIRIDIS Plant used in various rituals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (28:322) F'roxinus sp. Oleaceae Chippewa Cathartic. Ash (21:364) Decoction of root used as an enema. Chippewa Stimulant. Ash (21:364) Decoction of inner bark taken as a stimulant. Chippewa Tonic. Ash Decoction of inner bark taken as a tonic. (21:364) F'remontia co1ifornica Sterculiaceae Kawaiisu Cathartic. FREMONTODENDRON CALIFORNICUM Flannelbush Infusion of inner bark taken as a physic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (92:32) Gaillardia aristata Asteraceae Thompson Ind Analgesic. Gaillardia, common perennial Decoction of plant taken for headache and general indisposition. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (71:469) Gaillardia pinnatifida Asteraceae Hopi Analgesic. Blanket flower Plant used as a diuretic to relieve painful urination. (88:96) Hopi Diuretic. Blanket flower Plant used as a diuretic to relieve painful urination. . (88:35,96) Navaho Misc disease remedy. Blanket flower Infusion of leaves taken and poultice of leaves applied for gout. (23:86) Navaho-Kayenta Other. (91:48) Plant used for the effects of immersion. Navaho-Kayenta Witchcraft medicine. (91:48) Plant used for bewitchment. . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Antiemetic. (84:51) Two cupfuls of decoction taken for heartburn and nausea. Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Blanket flower (84:51) Decoction of plant taken for heartburn and nausea. Navaho-Ramah Respiratory aid. Blanket flower (84:51) Plant used as snuff to treat "congested nose." Galax aphylla Diapensiaceae Cherokee Kidney aid. Beetleweed (35:35) Infusion of root taken for kidneys; also, infusion taken for "nerves." Cherokee Other. Beetleweed (35:35) Infusion of root taken for kidneys; also, infusion taken for "nerves." Galeopsis tetmhit Lamiaceae Iroquois Emetic. Hemp nettle (37:425) Infusion of roots taken to vomit to cure bewitching. Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Hemp nettle (37:425) Infusion of roots taken to vomit to cure bewitching. Potawatomi Pulmonary aid. Hemp nettle, common (64:61) Infusion of plant used for pulmonary troubles. Galium aparine Rubiaceae Cherokee Laxative. Goose grass (35:36) Infusion taken to "move bowels." . . . . . . . . Chippewa Dermatological aid. Goose grass (31:141) Cold infusion of stems rubbed on skin troubles.

Genera

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191

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Galium

Table 1: Genera - Galium aparine Rubiaceae Cowlitz Love medicine. Bedstraw Infusion of plant used as a bath by women to be successful in love. Cowlitz Poison. Bedstraw Plant is poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fox Emetic. Cleavers Decoction of whole plant taken as an emetic. Gosiute Veterinary aid. Bedstraw Plant used as a horse medicine. . . . . . . . . Iroquois Dermatological aid. Goose grass Compound infusion of plants used as wash for poison ivy and itch. · Micmac Antihemorrhagic. Cleavers Parts of plant used for persons spitting blood; also, to treat gonorrhea. Micmac Kidney aid. Cleavers Parts of plant used to treat gonorrhea; also, used for kidney trouble. Micmac Venereal aid. Cleavers Parts of plant used to treat gonorrhea; also, used for kidney trouble. Ojibwa Diuretic. Goose grass Infusion of whole plant used as a diuretic. . . . . . . . · Ojibwa Kidney aid. Goose grass Infusion of whole plant used to treat kidney trouble. · Ojibwa Urinary aid. Goose grass Infusion of whole plant used for gravel, urine stoppage, and allied ailments. Penobscot Antihemorrhagic. Cleavers Compound infusion of plant taken as a tonic and for "spitting up blood." . Penobscot Kidney aid. Cleavers Compound infusion of plant taken for gonorrhea and kidney trouble. . . . . · Penobscot Tonic. Cleavers Compound infusion of plant taken as a tonic and for "spitting up blood." Penobscot Venereal aid. Cleavers Compound infusion of plant taken for gonorrhea and kidney trouble. . .. Galium asprellum Rubiaceae Choctaw Diaphoretic. Bedstraw Whole plant used as a diaphoretic and diuretic; also, used to cure measles. Choctaw Diuretic. Bedstraw Whole plant used as a diaphoretic and diuretic; also, used to cure measles. Choctaw Misc disease remedy. Bedstraw Whole plant used as a diaphoretic and diuretic; also, used to cure measles. Galium boreale Rubiaceae Choctaw Abortifacient. Bedstraw Decoction of whole plant used to prevent pregnancy and as a "deobstruant." Choctaw Contraceptive. Bedstraw Decoction of whole plant used to prevent pregnancy and as a "deobstruant." Choctaw Diaphoretic. Bedstraw Whole plant used as a diuretic and as a diaphoretic. Choctaw Diuretic. Bedstraw Whole plant used as a diuretic and as a diaphoretic. Cree Diuretic. Leaves used as a diuretic. Shuswap Poison. Bedstraw Plant is poisonous. Galium circaezan8 Rubiaceae Cherokee Cough medicine. Liquorice, white wild Taken for asthma, coughs, and hoarseness; also, used as an expectorant. Cherokee Expectorant. Liquorice, white wild Taken for asthma, coughs, and hoarseness; also, used as an expectorant. Cherokee Respiratory aid. Liquorice, white wild Taken for asthma, coughs, and hoarseness; also, used as an expectorant. Cherokee Throat aid. Liquorice, white wild Taken for asthma, coughs, and hoarseness; also, used as an expectorant. Galium concinnum Rubiaceae Fox Kidney aid. Bedstraw, shining Infusion of whole plant used for bladder & kidney trouble; also, for ague. Fox Misc disease remedy. Bedstraw, shining Infusion'of whole plant used to cure ague; for bladder and kidney trouble. Fox Urinary aid. Bedstraw, shining Infusion of whole plant used for bladder & kidney trouble; also, for ague. Galium fendleri Rubiaceae Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Bedstraw Infusion of plant taken and used as lotion for headache and influenza. . . . . . . . . . . . .

192

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Genera

(34:46) (34:46) (62:243) (14:370) (37:439) (15:56) (15:56) (15:56) (63:386) (63:386) (63:386) (66:311) (66:311) (66:311) (66:311) (9:287) (9:287) (9:287) (9:287) (9:287) (9:287) (9:287) (40:303) (47:68) (35:43) (35:43) (35:43) (35:43) (62:244) (62:244) (62:244) (84:45)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Galium

Table 1: Genera - Galium fendleri Rubiaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Bedstraw Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. (84:45) Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Bedstraw Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. (84:45) Navaho-Ramah Misc disease remedy. Bedstraw Infusion of plant taken and used as lotion for headache and influenza. (84:45) Galium IIp. Rubiaceae Costanoan Antidiarrheal. Decoction of plant taken for dysentery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (5:24) Costanoan Antirheumatic - Ext. Decoction of plant used externally for wounds and rheumatism. (5:24) Costanoan Dermatological aid. Decoction of plant used externally for wounds and rheumatism. (5:24) Iroquois Eye medicine. Compound of plants used for blindness. No preparation or application given. (37:439) Iroquois Other. Cold infusion of smashed roots used as a "basket or peddler's medicine." (37:439) Iroquois Urinary aid. Compound decoction of roots and seeds taken for the stoppage of urine. (37:439) Iroquois Venereal aid. Infusion of plants used as wash for parts affected by venereal disease. (37:439) Neeshenams Antirheumatic - Ext. Poultice of heated leaves and stems applied for rheumatism. (49:376) Galium tinctorium Rubiaceae Ojibwa Pulmonary aid. Cleaver, small Infusion of whole plant for "beneficial effect upon the respiratory organs." . . . . . . (63:386,387) Galium trifidum Rubiaceae Ojibwa Dermatological aid. Bedstraw, small Infusion of plant used for skin diseases like eczema, ringworm, and scrofula. (63:387) Ojibwa Tuberculosis remedy. Bedstraw, small Infusion of plant used for skin diseases of eczema, ringworm, and scrofula. (63:387) Galium triflorum Rubiaceae Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Bedstraw, small Infusion taken for gallstones. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (35:25) Iroquois Love medicine. Bedstraw, sweet scented Compound used as love medicine. No preparation or application indicated. (37:440) Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Bedstraw, sweet scented Poultice of whole plant applied to backaches in babies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:440) Iroquois Other. Bedstraw, sweet scented Compound decoction taken & poultice applied to swollen testicles or ruptures. (37:440) Iroquois Pediatric aid. Bedstraw, sweet scented Poultice of whole plant applied to backaches in babies. (37:440) Karok Love medicine. Bedstraw, sweet Plant placed in women's bed as a love medicine. . . . . (58:389) Klallam Dermatological aid. Bedstraw, scented Poultice of smashed plants applied to the hair to make it grow. (34:46) Kwakiutl Analgesic. Bedstraw, sweet scented Plant rubbed on the skin for chest pains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (82:291) Kwakiutl Analgesic. Chest rubbed with nettles or vines, and then with hellebore, for chest pains. . (4:379) Makah Dermatological aid. Bedstraw, scented Poultice of smashed plants applied to the hair to make it grow. (34:46) Menominee Kidney aid. Bedstraw, fragrant Infusion of herb used "to clear up kidney troubles." (61:51) Quileute Love medicine. Bedstraw, scented Plant used by women to attract men. . . . . . . . . (34:46) Quinault Dermatological aid. Bedstraw, scented Poultice of smashed plants applied to the hair to make it grow. (34:46) Galium unifiorum Rubiaceae Choctaw Dermatological aid. Bedstraw Whole plant used as an astringent, a diuretic, and a diaphoretic. (9:287) Choctaw Diaphoretic. Bedstraw Whole plant used as an astringent, a diuretic, and a diaphoretic. (9:287) Choctaw Diuretic. Bedstraw Whole .plant used as an astringent, a diuretic, and a diaphoretic. (9:287) Garrya fiavescens Garryaceae Kawaiisu Cold remedy. Silk tassel bush Decoction of plant taken for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (92:32) Kawaiisu Gast-intestinal aid. Silk tassel bush (92:32) Infusion of leaves taken for stomachaches and gonorrhea.

Genera

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193

Garrya

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Garrya ftavescens Garryaceae Kawaiisu Laxative. Silk tassel bush Infusion of leaves taken as a laxative. .......... . Kawaiisu Venereal aid. Silk tassel bush Infusion of leaves taken for stomachaches and gonorrhea. Gaultheria procumbens Ericaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Wintergreen Leaves chewed for dysentery and for tender gums; infusion taken for colds. Cherokee Cold remedy. Wintergreen Leaves chewed for dysentery and for tender gums; infusion taken for colds. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Wintergreen Infusion of root taken with trailing arbutus for chronic indigestion. Cherokee Oral aid. Wintergreen Leaves chewed for dysentery and for tender gums; infusion taken for colds. Cherokee Other. Wintergreen Dried leaves used as a substitute for chewing tobacco. . . . . . . . . . . . . Chippewa Blood medicine. Wintergreen Decoction of plants taken as spring & fall tonic to keep blood in good order .. Chippewa Cold remedy. Wintergreen Plant used for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chippewa Tonic. Wintergreen Decoction of plants taken as spring & fall tonic to keep blood in good order .. Delaware-Okl Antirheumatic - Int. Wintergreen Complex compound containing entire plant taken for rheumatism. Delaware-Okl Tonic. Wintergreen Complex compound containing entire plant taken as a tonic. . ... Iroquois Anthelmintic. Wintergreen Compound infusion of roots taken as blood remedy and for tape worms. Iroquois Antirheumatic - Int. Wintergreen Plant used for rheumatism and arthritis. No preparation or application given .. Iroquois Blood medicine. Wintergreen Compound decoction or infusion taken as blood purifier or blood remedy. Iroquois Cold remedy. Wintergreen Decoction of leaves taken for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Kidney aid. Wintergreen Compound decoction of plants taken for the kidneys. Iroquois Venereal aid. Wintergreen Compound decoction taken as blood purifier and for venereal disease. Menominee Antirheumatic - Int. Wintergreen Infusion of leaf and berry taken for rheumatism. Mohegan Kidney aid. Wintergreen Infusion of leaves taken as a kidney medicine. Infusion taken for kidney trouble. . . . . . . . Ojibwa Antirheumatic - Int. Wintergreen Infusion of leaves taken to cure rheumatism and "to make one feel good." Potawatomi Analgesic. Wintergreen Infusion of leaves used to cure lumbago and rheumatism. Potawatomi Antirheumatic - Int. Wintergreen Infusion of leaves taken to cure rheumatism and lumbago. Potawatomi Febrifuge. Wintergreen Infusion ofleaves used to break a fever. Shinnecock Kidney aid. Wintergreen Infusion taken for kidney trouble. . ... Gaultheria shallon Ericaceae Bella Coola Dermatological aid. Salal Poultice of toasted, pulverized leaves applied to cuts. Klallam Burn dressing. Salal Poultice of chewed leaves applied to burns. Quileute Dermatological aid. Salal Poultice of chewed leaves applied to sores. Quinault Antidiarrheal. Salal Decoction of leaves taken for diarrhea. Quinault Gast-intestinal aid. Salal Leaves chewed for heartburn and colic. Sarnish Cough medicine. Salal Infusion of leaves taken for coughs or tuberculosis. Samish Tuberculosis remedy. Salal Infusion of leaves taken for coughs or tuberculosis. Skagit Tonic. Salal Infusion of leaves taken as a convalescent tonic.

194

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Genera

(92:32) (92:32) (35:61) (35:61) (35:61) (35:61) (35:61) · (31:138) · (31:138) · (31:138) · (77:28,76) · (77:28,76) · (37:410) · (37:410) · (37:410) · (37:409) · (37:409) · (37:410) · (37:409) · (61:35) (78:72,130) · (11:121) · (63:369) · (64:56,57) · (64:56,57) · (64:56,57) (11:121) (60:63) (34:43) (34:43) (34:43) (34:43) (34:43) (34:43) (34:43)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Gaultheria

Table 1: Genera - Gaultheria shallon Ericaceae Swinomish Cough medicine. Salal Infusion of leaves taken for coughs or tuberculosis. (34:43) Swinomish Tuberculosis remedy. Salal Infusion of leaves taken for coughs or tuberculosis. (34:43) Gaura coccinea Onagraceae Navaho-Ramah Antiemetic. (84:37) Cold infusion given to settle child's stomach after vomiting. Navaho-Ramah Other. Plant used as "life medicine," especially for serious internal injury. (84:37) Navaho-Ramah Pediatric aid. Cold infusion given to settle child's stomach after vomiting. (84:37) Gaura gracilis Onagraceae Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Infusion of plant taken for stomachache. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:37) Gaura paruiftora Onagraceae Hopi Snake bite remedy. (88:86) Decoction of root taken for snake bite. . . . . . . . . Navaho Burn dressing. Butterfly weed Infusion of plant used for inflammation and burns. (23:66) Navaho Dermatological aid. Butterfly weed Infusion of plant used for inflammation and burns. (23:66) Navaho-Kayenta Disinfectant. Plant used as a fumigant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (91:33) Navaho-Kayenta Gynecological aid. (91:33) Poultice of plant applied for postpartum sore breast. Gaylussacia baccata Ericaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Huckleberry (35:39) Infusion of leaves & infusion of bark taken for dysentery. Cherokee Kidney aid. Huckleberry Infusion of leaves taken for Bright's disease and for dysentery. (35:39) Gaylussacia sp. Ericaceae Chickasaw Psychological aid. Huckleberry Roots used for delirium. ... (79:48) Chickasaw Sedative. Huckleberry Roots used for delirium. . . . . . . . . . (79:48) Rappahannock Gast-intestinal aid. Huckleberry Infusion of dried or fresh roots taken for the stomach. (69:34) GayophyfJum ramossimum Onagraceae Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. GAYOPHYTUM RAMOSISSIMUM Plant used as a lotion for cuts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (91:33) Navaho-Kayenta Psychological aid. GAYOPHYTUM RAMOSISSIMUM Plant used for the effects of a dream of a spider bite. (91:33) Navaho-Ramah Hemostat. GAYOPHYTUM RAMOSISSIMUM Poultice applied to cuts as a hemostatic. . . . . . . (84:37) Gelsemium semperuirens Loganiaceae Delaware-Ok! Blood medicine. Jasmine, yellow Root used as a blood purifier. . . . . . . . . . (77:28,76) Delaware-Ok! Dermatological aid. Jasmine, yellow Compound containing root used as a salve. . (77:28,76) Gentiana affinis Gentianaceae Navaho Analgesic. Gentian, closed Plant used as a snuff for headaches. (23:69) Navaho Stimulant. Gentian, closed Plant used for fainting. . . . . . . . (23:69) Navaho Witchcraft medicine. Gentian, closed Plant used as an antidote for witchcraft. (23:69) Gentiana andrewsii Gentianaceae Fox Gynecological aid. Gentian, closed Root used to cure "caked breast." . (62:222) Fox Snake bite remedy. Gentian, closed Root used to treat snake bite. (62:222) Iroquois Analgesic. Gentian, closed (37:413) Infusion of roots used as wash and taken for pain and headaches. Iroquois Eye medicine. Gentian, closed Infusion of roots used as drops for sore eyes. (37:413) Iroquois Febrifuge. Gentian, closed Infusion of roots taken for chills. . . . . . . . (37:414) Iroquois Liver aid. Gentian, closed Compound used as a liver medicine. No preparation or application indicated. (37:414)

Genera

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195

Gentiana

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Gentiana andrewsii Gentianaceae Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Gentian, closed Poultice of roots applied for muscular soreness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:414) Iroquois Psychological aid. Gentian, closed (37:414) Compound infusion of roots taken and as wash for lonesomeness and craziness. Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Gentian, closed Dried root hung in house as an anti-witch charm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:414) Infusion of dried roots taken for headaches and to cure jealous witchcraft. (37:414) Gentiana crinita Gentianaceae Delaware-Okl Blood medicine. Gentian, fringed Infusion of root taken as a blood purifier. . (77:32,76) Delaware-Okl Gast-intestinal aid. Gentian, fringed Infusion of root taken as a "stomach strengthener." . (77:32,76) Rappahannock Blood medicine. Gentian An ingredient of a blood medicine. No preparation indicated. (69:31) Gentiana fiavida Gentianaceae Potawatomi Alterative. Gentian, yellowish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (64:58,59) Infusion of root taken as an alterative. Gentiana puberula Gentianaceae Dakota Tonic. DASYSTEPHANA PUBERULA Gentian (30:109) Simple or compound decoction of root taken as a tonic. Winnebago Tonic. DASYSTEPHANA PUBERULA Gentian Simple or compound decoction of root taken as a tonic. (30:109) Gentiana quinque/olia Gentianaceae Cherokee Cathartic. Gentian (35:35) Root used as tonic, stimulant, cathartic, and laxative. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Gentian (35:35) Remedy for "weak stomach and hysterical affections;" also, for "dyspepsy." Cherokee Laxative. Gentian Root used as tonic, stimulant, cathartic, and laxative. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (35:35) Cherokee Sedative. Gentian Remedy for "weak stomach and hysterical affections;" also, for "dyspepsy." (35:35) Cherokee Stimulant. Gentian Root used as tonic, stimulant, cathartic, and laxative. (35:35) Cherokee Tonic. Gentian Root used as tonic, stimulant, cathartic, and laxative. (35:35) Fox Hemostat. Gentian, stiff Liquid from root used to stop a hemorrhage. . . . . . . (62:222) Iroquois Anthelmintic. Gentian, stiff Plant used for worms or stomachaches. No preparation or application given. (37:414) Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Gentian, stiff . .............. . Infusion of plants taken for diarrhea or sore chest. (37:414) Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Gentian, stiff Plant used for worms or stomachaches. No preparation or application given. (37:414) Iroquois Pulmonary aid. Gentian, stiff Infusion of plants taken for diarrhea or sore chest. ............... . (37:414) Geranium caespitosum Geraniaceae Navaho-Kayenta Other. GERANIUM ATROPURPUREUM Plant used for over exertion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (91:29) Navaho-Ramah Other. GERANIUM ATROPURPUREUM Cranesbill Plant used as "life medicine." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:34) Geranium erianthum Geraniaceae Aleut Throat aid. Leaves used in a gargle for sore throat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (1:428) Geranium fremontii Geraniaceae Gosiute Antidiarrheal. Geranium, wild Decoction of roots used for diarrhea. (14:370) Gosiute Dermatological aid. Geranium, wild Plant used as an astringent. " . . . . (14:370) Geranium lentum Geraniaceae Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Cranesbill Poultice of moist leaves and root applied to injuries; a "life medicine." (84:34) Navaho-Ramah Other. Cranesbill Decoction of plant taken for internal injury; a "life medicine." (84:34) Geranium maculatum Geraniaceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Geranium, wild Astringent; compound decoction used as a wash for thrush in child's mouth. (35:35) Used for open wounds and to remove canker sores; also, as a styptic. (35:35) Cherokee Hemostat. Geranium, wild Used for open wounds and to remove canker sores; also, as a styptic. (35:35)

196

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Genera

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Geranium

Table 1: Genera - Gemnium maculatum Geraniaceae Cherokee Oral aid. Geranium, wild Decoction with fox grapes used to wash children's mouths for "thrush." (35:35) Cherokee Pediatric aid. Geranium, wild Decoction with fox grapes used to wash children's mouths for "thrush." (35:35) Chippewa Antidiarrheal. Geranium, wild Infusion of roots taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (31:134) Chippewa Oral aid. Geranium, wild Dried, pulverized root put in mouth to treat sores; especially for children. (21:342) Chippewa Pediatric aid. Geranium, wild Dried, powdered root placed in mouth for soreness, especially by children. (21:342) Choctaw Dermatological aid. GERANEUM MACULATUM Cranesbill, spotted Root used as powerful astringent; also, used to cure "the venereal." (9:287) Choctaw Venereal aid. GERANEUM MACULATUM Cranesbill, spotted Root used as powerful astringent; also, used to cure "the venereal." (9:287) Fox Analgesic. Geranium, wild Infusion of root used to treat neuralgia; also, used for toothache. (62:222) Fox Antidiarrheal. Geranium, wild Compound containing root used to treat diarrhea. . ...... . (62:222) Fox Burn dressing. Geranium, wild Poultice of decoction of root applied to burns; also, infusion for toothache. (62:222,223) Fox Hemorrhoid remedy. Geranium, wild Poultice of pounded root bound on the anus to cause piles to recede. ... (62:222) Fox Oral aid. Geranium, wild Infusion of root used to treat pyorrhea and sore gums; also, for toothache. (62:222) Fox Toothache remedy. Geranium, wild Infusion of root used to stop teeth from aching; also, used for sore gums. (62:222,223) Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Cranesbill, wild Infusion of plant taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:367) Iroquois Dermatological aid. Cranes bill, wild Decoction of roots used as wash on sores on face or parts infected with itch. (37:366) Poultice of powdered or chewed roots applied to unhealing navel of babies. (37:366) Iroquois Emetic. Cranesbill, wild Decoction of roots taken as an emetic. (37:367) Iroquois Heart medicine. Cranes bill, wild Decoction of roots taken for heart trouble. (37:367) Iroquois Laxative. Cranesbill, wild Infusion of plant used to "clean out the innards." (37:367) Iroquois Love medicine. Cranesbill, wild Root placed in victim's tea to counteract a love medicine. (37:367) Iroquois Oral aid. Cranesbill, wild Roots used several ways for sore mouth, trench mouth and chancre sores. (37:366) Iroquois Pediatric aid. Cranesbill, wild Decoction of roots given to child with sore or trench mouth or chancre sores. (37:366) Poultice of chewed or powdered roots applied to heal severed umbilical cord. (37:367) Iroquois Throat aid. Cranesbill, wild Decoction of smashed roots used as a wash for sore throats. . . . . . . . . . . (37:367) Iroquois Venereal aid. Cranesbill, wild Compound infusion of root used as wash on parts affected by venereal disease. (37:366) Decoction of roots taken for venereal disease. (37:366) Menominee Antidiarrheal. Cranesbill, wild Root used to treat "flux and like troubles." . . (61:36,37) Ojibwa Antidiarrheal. Geranium, wild Root used to treat flux; also, used to heal a sore mouth. (63:370,371) Ojibwa Oral aid. Geranium, wild Root used to heal a sore mouth; also, used to treat flux. (63:370,371) Gemnium oreganum Geraniaceae Salishan Oral aid. GERANIUM INCISUM Geranium, wild Leaf held between lips for sore lips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (80:293) Gemnium richardsonii Geraniaceae Cheyenne Hemostat. Infusion of dried roots taken or powdered leaves used as snuff for nosebleed. (33:179) Navaho-Ramah Other. Cranesbill Plant used as "life medicine." . . . . . . . . . . (84:34) Thompson Ind Unspecified. Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose. (71:461) Gemnium viscosissimum Geraniaceae Sanpoil Dermatological aid. Geranium, sticky Poultice of crushed leaves applied to sores. (51:219) Sanpoil Eye medicine. Geranium, sticky Decoction of roots used as a wash for sore eyes. (51:219)

Genera

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197

Geranium

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Geranium viscosissimum Geraniaceae Thompson Ind Other. . (71:461) Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose. Gerardia ftava Scrophulariaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. AUREOLARIA FLAVA Foxglove Compound decoction taken for dysentery. . . . .. (35:35) Cherokee Other. AUREOLARIA FLAVA Foxglove Infusion taken while fasting for four days for apoplexy. (35:35) Gerardia laevigata Scrophulariaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. AUREOLARIA LAEVIGATA Foxglove (35:35) Compound decoction taken for dysentery. . . . . . . .. Cherokee Other. AUREOLARIA LAEVIGATA Foxglove (35:35) Infusion taken while fasting for four days for apoplexy. Gerardia pedicularia Scrophulariaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. AUREOLARIA PEDICULARIA Foxglove (35:35) Compound decoction taken for dysentery. . . . . . . .. Cherokee Other. A UREOLARIA PEDICULARIA Foxglove (35:35) Infusion taken while fasting for four days for apoplexy. Gerardia tenuifolia Scrophulariaceae Fox Antidiarrheal. Gerardia, slender (62:246,247) Infusion used to treat diarrhea. . . . . . . . Gerardia virginica Scrophulariaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Foxglove, smooth false Decoction of plants taken for dysentery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (79:57) Geum aleppicum Rosaceae Iroquois Anticonvulsive. Avens, yellow Decoction of roots taken for diarrhea, high fevers and convulsions. (37:353) Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Avens, yellow (37:353) Compound infusion or decoction of roots taken for diarrhea. Iroquois Emetic. A vens, yellow (37:353) Compound decoction of roots taken to vomit as cure for love medicine. Iroquois Febrifuge. Avens, yellow Decoction of roots taken for diarrhea, high fevers and convulsions. (37:353) Iroquois Love medicine. A vens, yellow (37:353) Compound decoction of roots taken to vomit as cure for love medicine. Iroquois Veterinary aid. Avens, yellow (37:353) Compound decoction mixed with horse feed and used as nose drops for cramps. Micmac Cough medicine. G EUM STRICTUM Avens (15:57) Roots used to treat coughs; also, used to treat croup. Micmac Pulmonary aid. GEUM STRICTUM Avens (15:57) Root used to treat coughs; also, used to treat croup. S Ojibwa Analgesic. GEUM STRICTUM Avens (39:200) Weak decoction of root taken for cough and soreness in chest. S Ojibwa Cough medicine. GEUM STRICTUM Avens (39:200) Weak decoction of root taken for cough and soreness in chest. S Ojibwa Pulmonary aid. GEUM STRICTUM Avens (39:200) Weak decoction of root taken for cough and soreness in chest. Geum calthifolium Rosaceae Aleut Cold remedy. Avens (1:427) Decoction of root taken as a tonic for colds and sore throat. Aleut Dermatological aid. Avens Poultice of plant applied to sores "that refused to heal." .. (1:427) Aleut Throat aid. A vens Decoction of root taken as a tonic for colds and sore throats. (1:427) Aleut Tonic. Avens (1:427) Decoction of root taken as a tonic for colds and sore throats. Geum canadense Rosaceae Chippewa Gynecological aid. Avens Root used in unspecified manner for "female weakness." . . . . . . . . . . . . (21:356) Iroquois Love medicine. Avens, white Decoction of whole plant used as a love medicine. No application indicated. (37:353) Iroquois Panacea. Avens, white Compound infusion taken or placed on injured part; a "Little Water Medicine." (37:353) Geum macrophyllum Rosaceae Bella Coola Analgesic. A vens, large leaved yellow Decoction of root taken for pain in the stomach. (60:59) Bella Coola Dermatological aid. Avens, large leaved yellow Poultice of chewed or bruised leaves applied to boils. . (60:59) Bella Coola Gast-intestinal aid. Avens, large leaved yellow Decoction of root taken for stomach pain. . . . . . . . . (60:59)

198

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Genera

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Geum

Table 1: Genera -Geum macrophyllum Rosaceae Chehalis Contraceptive. A vens, yellow Infusion of leaves taken to avoid conception. Gosiute Unspecified. Decoction of roots used as a medicine. Klallam Gynecological aid. Avens, yellow Raw leaves chewed during labor. Ojibwa Gynecological aid. Avens, large leaved Plant used as a female remedy. Quileute Dermatological aid. Avens, yellow Poultice of leaves applied to boils. . . . . Quinault Dermatological aid. Avens, yellow Poultice of smashed leaves applied to cuts. Quinault Gynecological aid. Avens, yellow Raw leaves chewed during labor. Quinault Panacea. Leaves chewed as a universal remedy, "good for everything." S Carrier Dermatological aid. Avens, large leaved yellow Poultice of boiled leaves applied to bruises. S Carrier Panacea. A vens, large leaved yellow Decoction of leaves taken for any sickness. Snohomish Dermatological aid. Avens, yellow Poultice of leaves applied to boils. Geum rivale Rosaceae Iroquois Antidiarrheal. A vens, water Infusion of roots taken for fevers and diarrhea. Iroquois Febrifuge. Avens, water Infusion of roots taken for fevers and diarrhea. Micmac Antidiarrheal. GEUM NIVALE Chocolate root Decoction of root taken for dysentery, coughs, & colds; especially for child .. Micmac Antidiarrheal. Chocolate root Root used to treat diarrhea or dysentery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Micmac Cold remedy. GEUM NIVALE Chocolate root Decoction of root taken for dysentery, coughs, & colds; especially for child .. Micmac Cough medicine. GEUM NIVALE Chocolate root Decoction of root taken for dysentery, coughs, & colds; especially for child .. Micmac Pediatric aid. GEUM NIVALE Chocolate root Decoction of root taken for dysentery, coughs, & colds; especially for child .. Geum sp. Rosaceae Blackfeet Eye medicine. SIEVERSIA CILIATA Avens, long plumed Decoction of plant used as a wash for sore and inflamed eyes. Chippewa Gast-intestinal aid. SIEVERSIA CILIATA Prairie smoke Compound decoction of root taken for indigestion. . . . . . . Chippewa Stimulant. SIEVERSIA CILIATA Prairie smoke Dried root chewed as strong stimulant before feats of endurance. Chippewa Veterinary aid. SIEVERSIA CILIATA Prairie smoke Dried, powdered root added to horse's feed as a stimulant before a race. Thompson Ind Analgesic. Avens Plants used in sweatbath to treat sprains, stiff or aching joints or muscles. Thompson Ind Antirheumatic - Ext. Avens Fresh plants used as a bed in the sweatbath to treat rheumatism. Thompson Ind Diaphoretic. Avens Plants used in sweatbath to treat sprains, stiff or aching joints or muscles. Thompson Ind Love medicine. Avens Plant used by men as a charm "for gaining a woman's affection." Thompson Ind Misc disease remedy. Avens Decoction of root taken for disease with rash:measles, chicken pox, smallpox. Thompson Ind Orthopedic aid. Avens Plants used in sweatbath to treat sprains, stiff or aching joints or muscles. Thompson Ind Unspecified. Avens Plants used as charms for unspecified purpose. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Geum triflorum Rosaceae Thompson Ind Analgesic. Decoction of root used as a wash to remove body stiffness and pain. Plants used in the sweat bath to treat aching joints and sore, stiff muscles. Thompson Ind Antirheumatic - Ext. Plants used in the sweatbath for rheumatism and stiff joints & muscles. Thompson Ind Diaphoretic. Plants used in the sweatbath to treat rheumatism, stiff joints and muscles. Thompson Ind Disinfectant. Avens Decoction of whole plant used as a wash after the purifying sweatbath.

Genera

(34:37) (14:370) (34:37) (63:384) (34:37) (34:37) (34:37) (89:276) (60:59) (60:59) (34:37) (37:354) (37:354) (66:316) (15:57) (66:316) (66:316) (66:316) (45:275) (21:342) (21:364) (21:366) (71:464) (71:464) (71:464) (71:507) (71:476) (71:464) (71:506) (71:466) (71:466) (71:466) (71:466) (71:504)

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199

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Geum

Table 1: Genera - Geum triflorum Rosaceae

Thompson Ind Herbal steam. Plants steamed in the sweatbath for rheumatism and joint & muscle stiffness. Thompson Ind Orthopedic aid. Decoction of root used as a wash to remove body stiffness and pain. Plants used in the sweatbath for sprains, aching and stiff joints & muscles. Thompson Ind Tonic. Decoction of root taken as a tonic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . Gilia aggregata Polemoniaceae Navaho Gast-intestinal aid. GILIA ATTENUATA Gilia, scarlet Infusion of crushed, dried leaves taken for stomach troubles. Navaho-Kayenta Cathartic. Plant used as a cathartic. . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Plant used for spider bites. Navaho-Kayenta Emetic. Plant used as an emetic. .. . .. Navaho-Kayenta Gast-intestinal aid. Plant used for stomach disease. Navaho-Ramah Hunting medicine. Skyrocket Cold infusion taken and applied to body of hunter & to weapons for good luck. Paiute Cathartic. Gilia, scarlet Simple or compound decoction of plant or root taken as a physic. Paiute Cold remedy. Gilia, scarlet Decoction of root taken for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Emetic. Gilia, scarlet Simple or compound decoction of plant or root taken as an emetic. Shoshone Analgesic. Gilia, scarlet Poultice of crushed whole plant applied for rheumatic aches. Shoshone Antirheumatic - Ext. Gilia, scarlet Poultice of crushed plant applied for rheumatic aches. Shoshone Blood medicine. Gilia, scarlet Decoction of plant taken as a blood tonic. .. Shoshone Cathartic. Gilia, scarlet Decoction of plant or root taken as a physic. Shoshone Dermatological aid. Gilia, scarlet Decoction of whole plant used as a disinfecting wash for the itch. Shoshone Disinfectant. Gilia, scarlet Decoction of whole plant used as a disinfectant wash for the itch. Shoshone Emetic. Gilia, scarlet Compound decoction of roots used to induce vomiting. Decoction of plant or root taken as an emetic. Shoshone Tonic. Gilia, scarlet Simple or compound decoction of whole plant taken as a blood tonic. Shoshone Venereal aid. Gilia, scarlet Simple/compound decoction of plant taken & as wash for gonorrhea & syphilis. Gilia gunnisoni Polemoniaceae Navaho-Kayenta Blood medicine. Plant used as a blood purifier. Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Poultice of plant applied to sores. Gilia leptomeria Polemoniaceae Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Poultice of plant applied to scorpion stings or worm bites. Navaho-Kayenta Sedative. Plant used as a soporific. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Tonic. Infusion of plant taken or plant smoked as a tonic. Gilia longiftom Polemoniaceae Hopi Analgesic. Gilia, blue Decoction of leaves used for stomachache. Hopi Gast-intestinal aid. Gilia, blue Decoction of leaves taken for stomachache. Navaho Ceremonial medicine. Gilia, blue flowered Plant used as medicine in the Wind and Female Shooting Chants. Navaho Emetic. Gilia, blue flowered Decoction of pounded plant taken to vomit and for the bowels. Navaho Gast-intestinal aid. Gilia, blue flowered Decoction of pounded plant taken to vomit and for the bowels. Navaho Veterinary aid. Gilia, blue flowered Infusion of flowers mixed with feed given to sheep for stomach troubles.

200

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Genera

(71:466) (71:466) (71:466) (71:466) (23:70) (91:37) (91:37) (91:37) (91:37) (84:39) · (81:76,77) · (81:76,77) · (81:76,77) · (81:76,77) · (81:76,77) · (81:76,77) · (81:76,77) · (81:76,77) · (81:76,77) · (81:76,77) · (81:76,77) · (81:76,77) · (81:76,77) (91:37) (91:37) (91:38) (91:38) (91:38) . ..

(88:87)

.. (88:33,87) (23:70) (23:70) (23:70) (23:70)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Gilia

Table 1: Genera - Guia longiflora Polemoniaceae

Navaho-Kayenta Blood medicine. Plant used for postpartum septicaemia. Navaho-Kayenta Gynecological aid. Plant used for postpartum septicaemia. Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Gilia, long flowered Plant used for stomachache and arthritis. Navaho-Ramah Antirheumatic - Int. Gilia, long flowered Plant used to treat arthritis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Gilia, long flowered Plant used as ceremonial eyewash and chant lotion. .. Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Gilia, long flowered Infusion of plant used as hair tonic to lengthen hair and prevent baldness. Navaho-Ramah Disinfectant. Gilia, long flowered Plant used for "deer infection" and "snake infection." Navaho-Ramah Eye medicine. Gilia, long flowered Plant used as ceremonial eyewash and chant lotion. Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Gilia, long flowered Plant chewed with salt for heartburn. . . . . . . . . Plant used for stomachache. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. Gilia, long flowered Plant used to facilitate delivery of placenta. Navaho-Ramah Other. Gilia, long flowered Plant used as "life medicine." . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Veterinary aid. Gilia, long flowered Cold infusion of plant applied daily to heal incision in castrated colt. Tewa Analgesic. Gilia, white Infuslon of pulverized flowers and leaves used on sores or for headache. Tewa Dermatological aid. Gilia, white Infusion of pulverized flowers and leaves used on sores or for headache. Guia multiflora Polemoniaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Gilia, many flowered Decoction of plant used as ceremonial medicine. . . . . Zuni Analgesic. Gilia Powdered whole plant applied to face to relieve headache. Zuni Dermatological aid. Gilia Powdered plant applied to wounds to promote healing. Zuni Pulmonary aid. Gilia Crushed blossoms smoked in corn husks to "relieve strangulation." Guia polycladon Polemoniaceae Navaho-Kayenta Sedative. Plant used as a tonic or soporific. Navaho-Kayenta Tonic. Plant used as a tonic or soporific. Guia sinuata Polemoniaceae Navaho-Ramah Febrifuge. GILIA INCONSPICUA . ........... Cold compound infusion of plant taken and used as lotion for fever. Guia sp. Polemoniaceae Gosiute Dermatological aid. Plant used for wounds, cuts or sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · Paiute Antidiarrheal. CILIA CONGESTA Decoction of plant taken for colds, diarrhea, indigestion, & stomach trouble. · Paiute Cathartic. GILIA CONGESTA Decoction of plant taken as a physic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · Paiute Cold remedy. CILIA CONGESTA Decoction of plant taken for colds, diarrhea, indigestion, & stomach trouble. · Paiute Emetic. CILIA CONGESTA Decoction of plant taken as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · Paiute Cast-intestinal aid. CILIA CONGESTA Decoction of plant taken for colds, diarrhea, indigestion, & stomach trouble .. · Paiute Venereal aid. CILIA CONGESTA Plant used in many ways for venereal diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · Shoshone Antidiarrheal. CILIA CONGESTA Decoction of plant taken for colds, diarrhea, indigestion, & stomach trouble. · Shoshone Cathartic. CILIA CONGESTA Decoction of plant taken as a physic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · Shoshone Cold remedy. CILIA CONGESTA Decoction of plant taken for colds, diarrhea, indigestion, & stomach trouble. · Shoshone Dermatological aid. CILIA CONGESTA Decoction of plant as an antiseptic wash for wounds, cuts, sores, & bruises. ·

Genera

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(91:38) (91:38) (84:40) (84:40) (84:40) (84:40) (84:40) (84:40) (84:40) (84:40) (84:40) (84:40) (84:40) (54:55) (54:55) (84:40) (72:52) (72:52) (72:52) (91:38) (91:38) . (84:40) . (14:349) (81:77-80) (81:77-80) (81:77-80) (81:77-80) (81:77-80) (81:77-80) (81:77-80) (81:77-80) (81:77-80) (81:77-80)

201

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Gilia

Table 1: Genera - Gilia sp. Polemoniaceae Shoshone Disinfectant. GILIA CONGESTA Decoction of plant used as an antiseptic wash for skin problems. Shoshone Emetic. GILIA CONGESTA Decoction of plant taken as an emetic. . . . . . .. Shoshone Eye medicine. GILIA CONGESTA Decoction or infusion of plant used as an eyewash. Shoshone Gast-intestinal aid. GILIA CONGESTA Decoction of plant taken for colds, diarrhea, indigestion, & stomach trouble .. Shoshone Kidney aid. GILIA CONGESTA Decoction of plant taken for "kidney complaint." Shoshone Liver aid. GILIA CONGESTA Decoction of plant taken for liver trouble. . . . . Shoshone Misc disease remedy. GILIA CONGESTA Decoction of plant taken for influenza. . . . . . . Poultice of boiled, drained, & mashed plant applied for erysipelas. Shoshone Venereal aid. GILIA CONGESTA Plant used in many ways for venereal diseases. . . . . . . . . .. Shoshone Veterinary aid. GILIA CONGESTA Poultice of crushed raw plants applied to back sores on horses. Washoe Antidiarrheal. GILIA CONGESTA Decoction of plant taken for colds, diarrhea, indigestion, & stomach trouble .. Washoe Cathartic. GILIA CONGESTA Decoction of plant taken as an emetic and physic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . Washoe Cold remedy. GILIA CONGESTA Decoction of plant taken for colds, diarrhea, indigestion, & stomach trouble .. Washoe Emetic. GILIA CONGESTA Decoction of plant taken as an emetic and physic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Washoe Gast-intestinal aid. GILIA CONGESTA Decoction of plant taken for colds, diarrhea, indigestion, & stomach trouble .. Washoe Kidney aid. GILIA CONGESTA Infusion of crushed plant taken and poultice applied for dropsy. Zuni Analgesic. Infusion of fresh or dried plant taken and applied to head for headache. Zuni Diuretic. Warm infusion of plant taken as a laxative, a diuretic, and an emetic. Zuni Emetic. Warm infusion of plant taken as a laxative, a diuretic, and an emetic. Zuni Febrifuge. Infusion of fresh or dried plant taken and rubbed on body for fever. Zuni Laxative. Warm infusion of plant taken as a laxative, a diuretic, and an emetic. Zuni Throat aid. Infusion of plant taken and applied to neck for swollen throat. .. Gilia subnuda Polemoniaceae Navaho-Kayenta Gynecological aid. Ground flowers eaten to insure healthy pregnancy and ease labor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gillenia sp. Rosaceae ' Creek Gynecological aid. PORTERANTHUS SP. Plant thought to be used by women during their menstrual periods. . . . . . . . . . . . Gillenia stipulata Rosaceae Cherokee Antirheumatic - Ext. American ipecac Poultice used for "leg swelling;" also, roots used for rheumatism. . . . . . .. Cherokee Cold remedy. American ipecac Mild infusion taken as an emetic; also, slight doses good for colds & asthma.. Cherokee Dermatological aid. American ipecac Cold infusion of root given, or root chewed, "for bee and other stings." Cherokee Emetic. American ipecac Decoction or strong infusion of whole plant taken a pint at a time as emetic. Mild infusion taken as an emetic; also, slight doses good for colds & asthma .. Cherokee Kidney aid. American ipecac Infusion used for toothache; also, taken for kidneys. ......... . Cherokee Liver aid. American ipecac Compound taken for liver; also, tincture of root given for "milksick." Cherokee Orthopedic aid. American ipecac Poultice used for "leg swelling;" also, roots used for rheumatism. Cherokee Respiratory aid. American ipecac Mild infusion taken as an emetic; also, slight doses good for colds & asthma.. Cherokee Toothache remedy. American ipecac Infusion used for toothache; also, taken for kidneys. .............. .

202

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Genera

· (81:77-80) · (81:77-80) · (81:77-80) · (81:77-80) · (81:77-80) · (81:77-80) · (81:77-80) · (81:77-80) · (81:77-80) · (81:77-80) · (81:77-80) · (81:77-80) · (81:77-80) · (81:77-80) · (81:77-80) · (81:77-80) · (72:52,53) · (72:52,53) · (72:52,53) · (72:52,53) · (72:52,53) · (72:52,53) . . (91:38) . . (75:667) (35:40) (35:40) (35:40) (90:74) (35:40) (35:40) (35:40) (35:40) (35:40) (35:40)

Gillenia

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Gillenia stipviata Rosaceae

Cherokee Veterinary aid. American ipecac Compound taken for liver; also, tincture of root given for "milksick." . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gillenia trifoliata Rosaceae Cherokee Antirheumatic - Ext. Bowman's root Poultice used for "leg swelling;" also, roots used for rheumatism. . . . . . . . Cherokee Cold remedy. Bowman's root Mild infusion taken as an emetic; also, slight doses good for colds & asthma .. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Bowman's root Cold infusion of root given, or root chewed, "for bee and other stings." Infusion of roots used as a wash for leg scratches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Emetic. American ipecac Decoction or strong infusion of whole plant taken a pint at a time as emetic. Cherokee Emetic. Bowman's root Mild infusion taken as an emetic; also, slight doses good for colds & asthma .. Cherokee Kidney aid. Bowman's root Infusion used for toothache; also, taken for kidneys. ......... . Cherokee Liver aid. Bowman's root Compound taken for liver; also, tincture of root given for "milksick." Cherokee Orthopedic aid. Bowman's root Poultice used for "leg swelling;" also, roots used for rheumatism. Cherokee Respiratory aid. Bowman's root Mild infusion taken as an emetic; also, slight doses good for colds & asthma .. Cherokee Toothache remedy. Bowman's root Infusion used for toothache; also, taken for kidneys. ......... . Cherokee Veterinary aid. Bowman's root Compound taken for liver; also, tincture of root given for "milksick." Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Bowman's root Compound decoction of leaves and switches taken for diarrhea. Iroquois Cathartic. Bowman's root Plant used as a physic. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Cold remedy. Bowman's root Infusion of roots taken for colds, fevers, chills from fever & sore throats. Iroquois Diaphoretic. Bowman's root Decoction of roots taken for grippe and to cause sweating. . . . . . . . . Iroquois Febrifuge. Bowman's root Infusion of roots taken for colds, fevers, chills from fever & sore throats. Iroquois Misc disease remedy. Bowman's root Decoction of roots taken for grippe and to cause sweating. . . . . . . . . Iroquois Throat aid. Bowman's root Infusion of roots taken for colds, fevers, chills from fever & sore throats. Glaux maritima Primulaceae Kwakiutl Sedative. Milkwort, sea Boiled roots eaten to make one very sleepy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Glechoma hederacea Lamiaceae Cherokee Cold remedy. G LECOMA HEDERACEAE Ground ivy Infusion used for measles, colds, and babies' hives. Cherokee Dermatological aid. GLECOMA HEDERACEAE Ground ivy Infusion used for measles, colds, and babies' hives. . . . . . . . Cherokee Misc disease remedy. G LECOMA HEDERACEAE Ground ivy Infusion used for measles, colds, and babies' hives. Cherokee Pediatric aid. GLECOMA HEDERACEAE Ground ivy Infusion used for measles, colds, and babies' hives. Gleditsia triacanthos Fabaceae Cherokee Adjuvant. Locust, honey Pods used to sweeten worm medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pods used to sweeten worm medicine; also, infusion of pod taken for measles. Cherokee Anthelmintic. Locust, honey Pods used to sweeten worm medicine; also, infusion of pod taken for measles. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Locust, honey Compound taken for "dyspepsia from overeating." Infusion of bark taken and used as a bath for dyspepsia. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Locust, honey , Pods used to sweeten worm medicine; also, infusion of pod taken for measles. Cherokee Other. Locust, honey Compound infusion of bark used by ball players "to ward off tacklers." Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Locust, honey Compound infusion of bark taken for whooping cough . . . . . . . . . , . Creek Misc disease remedy. Locust, honey Decoction of sprigs, thorns and branches used as a bath to prevent smallpox.

Genera

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(35:40) (35:40) (35:40) (35:40) (79:27) (90:74) (35:40) (35:40) (35:40) (35:40) (35:40) (35:40) (35:40) (37:349) (37:350) (37:350) (37:350) (37:350) (37:350) (37:350) (82:288) (35:37) (35:37) (35:37) (35:37) (35:43) (35:43) (35:43) (35:43) (79:32) (35:43) (35:43) (35:43) (79:32)

203

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Gleditsia

Table 1: Genera - Gleditsia triacanthos Fabaceae Creek Panacea. Honey locust Pod considered a good antidote for the complaints of children. . (75:669) Creek Pediatric aid. Honey locust Pod considered a good antidote for the complaints of children. . (75:669) Delaware-Old Blood medicine. Honey locust Compound containing bark used as a blood purifier. . . . . . . . (77:25,76) Delaware-Okl Cough medicine. Honey locust Compound containing bark used as a remedy for a severe cough. . (77:25,76) Delaware-Okl Tonic. Honey locust Compound containing bark used as a general tonic. .. (77:25) Fox Cold remedy. Honey locust Infusion of twig bark used to cure a bad cold. (62:228,229) Fox Febrifuge. Honey locust Infusion of bark used to treat measles, fevers, and especially smallpox. (62:228,229) Fox Misc disease remedy. Honey locust Infusion of bark used to treat measles, fevers, and especially smallpox. (62:228,229) Fox Tonic. Honey locust Decoction of bark taken by patient to help regain flesh and strength. (62:228,229) Rappahannock Cold remedy. Locust, honey Infusion of roots and bark as a cough and cold medicine. (69:31) Rappahannock Cough medicine. Locust, honey Infusion of roots and bark as a cough and cold medicine. (69:31) Glo8sopetalon nevadense Celastraceae Shoshone Tuberculosis remedy. FORSELLESIA NEVADENSIS Decoction of shrub taken regularly for tuberculosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (81:75) Glyceria canadensis Poaceae Ojibwa Gynecological aid. Grass, rattlesnake Root used as a female remedy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (63:371) Glyceria fluitans Poaceae Crow Ceremonial medicine. Grass, sweet Burned as incense during certain ceremonies. (3:12) Montana Ind. Ceremonial medicine. Grass, sweet Burned as incense during certain ceremonies. (3:12) Glyceria obtusa Poaceae Catawba Analgesic. Grass, manna Infusion of beaten roots taken for backaches. (79:6) Catawba Orthopedic aid. Grass, manna Infusion of beaten roots taken for backaches. (79:6) Glyceria spectabilis Poaceae Crow Ceremonial medicine. GLYCERIA AQUATICA Grass, sweet Burned as incense during certain ceremonies. (3:12) Montana Ind. Ceremonial medicine. GLYCERIA AQUATICA Grass, sweet Burned as incense during certain ceremonies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3:12) Glycyrrhiza lepidota Fabaceae Cheyenne Antidiarrheal. Licorice Infusion of roots or leaves taken for diarrhea and upset stomach. (36:28) Cheyenne Ceremonial medicine. Licorice Roots chewed in the Sun Dance ceremony for their cooling effect. (36:28) Cheyenne Gast-intestinal aid. Licorice Infusion of roots or leaves taken for diarrhea and upset stomach. (36:28) Dakota Ear medicine. GLYCYRHIZA LEPIDOTA Licorice, wild Poultice of steeped leaves applied to ears for earache. (30:92) Dakota Ear medicine. GLYCYRRIHIZA LEPIDOTA Licorice, wild Infusion of leaves applied to ears for earaches. . . . . . . (29:365) Dakota Febrifuge. GLYCYRHIZA LEPIDOTA Licorice, wild Decoction of root used as a remedy for fever in children. . (30:92) Dakota Pediatric aid. GLYCYRHIZA LEPIDOTA Licorice, wild Decoction of root used as a febrifuge for children. . . . . . (30:92) Dakota Toothache remedy. GLYCYRHIZA LEPIDOTA Licorice, wild Root chewed and held in mouth to relieve toothache. . . . . . (30:92) Dakota Toothache remedy. GLYCYRRIHIZA LEPIDOTA Licorice, wild Root held in the mouth for toothaches. . . . . . . . . . . . (29:365) Dakota Veterinary aid. GLYCYRHIZA LEPIDOTA Licorice, wild Poultice of chewed leaves applied to sore backs of horses. (30:92) Dakota Veterinary aid. GLYCYRRIHIZA LEPIDOTA Licorice, wild Poultice of chewed leaves applied to sores on horses. (29:365) Keresan Other. Licorice, wild Infusion of plant used as a wash to cure chills. (87:561) Navaho-Ramah Cathartic. Licorice Decoction of root used as a cathartic. (84:32)

204

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Genera

Glycyrrhiza

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Glycyrrhiza lepidota Fabaceae Paiute Other. Liquoria Infusion of plant used for some sicknesses. . . . . . . . . . (73:317) Pawnee Ear medicine. GLYCYRHIZA LEPIDOTA Licorice, wild Poultice of steeped leaves applied to ears for earache. (30:92) Pawnee Febrifuge. GLYCYRHIZA LEPIDOTA Licorice, wild Decoction of root used as a remedy for fever in children. (30:92) Pawnee Pediatric aid. GLYCYRHIZA LEPIDOTA Licorice, wild Decoction of root used as a febrifuge for children. . . . . (30:92) Pawnee Toothache remedy. GLYCYRHIZA LEPIDOTA Licorice, wild Root chewed and held in mouth to relieve toothache. (30:92) Glycyrrhiza sp. Fabaceae Fox Gynecological aid. GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA Licorice Compound containing root used to treat female trouble; not a native plant. . . . . . . . . . (62:229) Gnaphalium califomicum Asteraceae Costanoan Analgesic. (5:26) Infusion of plant taken for colds and stomach pain. Costanoan Cold remedy. Infusion of plant taken for colds and stomach pain. (5:26) Costanoan Gast-intestinal aid. Infusion of plant taken for colds and stomach pain. (5:26) Gnaphalium chilense Asteraceae Kawaiisu Analgesic. Cotton batting plant Hot poultice of leaves or stems applied to parts of body affected by pain. (92:33) Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Cudweed Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. (84:51) Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Cudweed Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. (84:51) Navaho-Ramah Other. Cudweed Plant used as "life medicine." (84:51) Porno Dermatological aid. Cotton batting plant Poultice of boiled plant applied to a swollen face. (27:15) Gnaphalium microcephalum Asteraceae Karok Eye medicine. Everlasting, white Cold infusion of plant used as a wash for sore eyes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (58:390) Gnaphalium obtusifolium Asteraceae Alabama Sedative. Everlasting, common Decoction of plant used as a face wash for nerves and insomnia. . . . . . . . . . (79:61) Alabama Sedative. Rabbit tobacco Compound decoction of plant used many ways for nervousness or sleeplessness. (75:663,664) Cherokee Analgesic. Everlasting, common Infusion of plant rubbed into scratches made over muscle cramp pain. (79:61) Cherokee Analgesic. Rabbit tobacco Compound used for local pains, muscular cramps, and twitching. (35:51,52) Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Rabbit tobacco (35:51,52) Decoction taken for colds; also, used with Carolina vetch for rheumatism. Cherokee Cold remedy. Rabbit tobacco (35:51,52) Decoction taken for colds; also, used with Carolina vetch for rheumatism. Cherokee Cough medicine. Rabbit tobacco (35:51,52) Chewed for sore mouth or throat; also, used as cough syrup. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Rabbit tobacco . (35:51,52) Used in a sweat bath for various diseases; also, smoked for asthma. (35:51,52) Warm liquid is blown down throat for clogged throat (diptheria). Cherokee Oral aid. Rabbit tobacco (35:51,52) Chewed for sore mouth or throat; also, used as cough syrup. Cherokee Orthopedic aid. Everlasting, common (79:61) Infusion of plant rubbed into scratches made over muscle cramp pain. Cherokee Orthopedic aid. Rabbit tobacco . (35:51,52) Compound used for local pains, muscular cramps, and twitching. Cherokee Respiratory aid. Rabbit tobacco (35:51,52) Used in a sweat bath for various diseases; also, smoked for asthma. Cherokee Throat aid. Rabbit tobacco (35:51,52) Chewed for sore mouth or throat; also, used as cough syrup. Choctaw Analgesic. GNAPHALIUM POLYCEPHALUM . (8:24) Decoction of leaves and blossoms taken for colds or for lung pain. Choctaw Analgesic. Everlasting, common (79:61) Decoction of leaves and blossoms taken for colds and lung pain. Choctaw Cold remedy. GNAPHALIUM POLYCEPHALUM . (8:24) Decoction of leaves and blossoms taken for colds or for lung pain. Choctaw Cold remedy. Everlasting, common (79:61) Decoction of leaves and blossoms taken for colds and lung pain.

Genera

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205

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Gnaphalium

Table 1: Genera -Gnaphalium obtusifolium Asteraceae Choctaw Pulmonary aid. GNAPHALIUM POLYCEPHALUM Decoction of leaves and blossoms taken for colds or for lung pain. . (8:24) Choctaw Pulmonary aid. Everlasting, common Decoction of leaves and blossoms taken for colds and lung pain. (79:61) Creek Adjuvant. Leaves added to medicines as a perfume. (75:661) Creek Antiemetic. Decoction of leaves taken to stop vomiting. (75:661) Creek Cold remedy. Compound decoction of plant tops taken and used as inhalant for colds. (75:661) Creek Misc disease remedy. Everlasting, common Decoction of leaves used as a throat wash for mumps. (79:61) Creek Misc disease remedy. Poultice of decoction of leaves applied to throat for mumps. (75:661) Creek Psychological aid. Rabbit tobacco Decoction of plant used as a wash for persons who "wanted to run away." (75:663,664) Creek Sedative. Decoction of plant tops taken & used as wash for old people unable to sleep. . .. (75:661) Creek Witchcraft medicine. Rabbit tobacco Decoction of plant used as a wash for persons afflicted by ghosts. . . . . . . (75:663,664) Fox Psychological aid. GNAPHALIUM POLYCEPHALUM Everlasting, many headed Smudge of herb used to "bring back a loss of mind." . . . . . . . . . . (62:214,215) Fox Stimulant. GNAPHALIUM POLYCEPHALUM Everlasting, many headed Smudged and used to revive an unconscious patient. (62:214,215) Koasati Febrifuge. Everlasting, common Decoction of leaves taken for fevers. .......... (79:61) Koasati Pediatric aid. Everlasting, common Decoction of leaves used as a bath and given to children with fevers. (79:61) Menominee Analgesic. Everlasting, fragrant life Dried leaves steamed as inhalant for headache and "foolishness." (22:129) Menominee Disinfectant. GNAPHALIUM POLYCEPHALUM Everlasting, mouse ear Smudge of leaves used to fumigate premises to dispel ghost of a dead person. (61:30) Menominee Psychological aid. Everlasting, fragrant life Dried leaves steamed as inhalant for headache and "foolishness." (22:129) Menominee Stimulant. GNAPHALIUM POLYCEPHALUM Everlasting, mouse ear Leaf smoke blown into nostrils to revive one who has fainted. ...... (61:30) Menominee Witchcraft medicine. GNAPHALIUM POLYCEPHALUM Everlasting, mouse ear Smudge of leaves used to fumigate premises to dispel ghost of a dead person. (61:30) Montagnais Cough medicine. GNAPHALIUM POPYCEPHALUM Decoction of plant taken for coughing and consumption. . . (66:314) Montagnais Tuberculosis remedy. GNAPHALIUM POPYCEPHALUM Decoction of plant taken for coughing and consumption. (66:314) Rappahannock Febrifuge. Everlasting Infusion of roots taken for chills. .............. (69:29) Rappahannock Respiratory aid. Everlasting Infusion of dried stems or dried leaves smoked in a pipe for asthma. (69:29) Gnaphalium purpureum Asteraceae Houma Cold remedy. Cat's foot Decoction of dried plant taken for colds or grippe. (68:64) Houma Misc disease remedy. Cat's foot Decoction of dried plant taken for colds or grippe. (68:64) Gnaphalium uliginosum Asteraceae Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Everlasting Plants used for bruises. No preparation or application indicated. (37:465) Iroquois Respiratory aid. Everlasting Compound infusion of plants used for asthma. No application indicated. (37:465) Gonolobus sp. Asclepiadaceae Houma Antiemetic. Milk vine Infusion of root taken for "sick stomach." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (68:63) Goodyera oblongifolia Orchidaceae Cowlitz Tonic. PERAMIUM DECIPIENS Rattlesnake plantain Infusion of plants taken as a tonic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (34:26) Okanagan Gynecological aid. PERAMIUM DECIPIENS Rattlesnake plantain Plant chewed by women before and at the time of childbirth. . . . . . (48:41) Thompson Ind Gynecological aid. PERAMIUM DECIPIENS Rattlesnake plantain Plant chewed by women before and at the time of childbirth. (48:41) Thompson Ind Gynecological aid. PERAMIUM DECIPIENS Plant chewed at childbirth to ease confinement. . . . . . . . . (71:462)

206

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Genera

Goodyera

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Goodyera pubescens Orchidaceae Cherokee Blood medicine. Rattlesnake plantain (35:50) Compound decoction taken as a blood tonic and to build appetite. Cherokee Burn dressing. Rattlesnake plantain (35:50) Poultice of wilted leaves applied "to draw out burn." . . . . Cherokee Cold remedy. Rattlesnake plantain (35:50) Cold infusion of leaf taken for colds; also, taken for kidneys. Cherokee Dietary aid. Rattlesnake plantain (35:50) Cold infusion of leaf taken with whiskey to improve the appetite. (35:50) Compound decoction taken as a blood tonic and to build appetite. Cherokee Emetic. Rattlesnake plantain (35:50) Taken with whiskey to improve the appetite; also, taken as an emetic. Cherokee Eye medicine. Rattlesnake plantain (35:50) Infusion held in mouth for toothache; also, ooze dripped into sore eyes. Cherokee Kidney aid. Rattlesnake plantain (35:50) Cold infusion of leaf taken for colds; also, taken for kidneys. . . . . . . Cherokee Toothache remedy. Rattlesnake plantain (35:50) Infusion held in mouth for toothache; also, ooze dripped into sore eyes. Delaware-Okl Antirheumatic - Int. EPIPACTIS PUBESCENS Rattlesnake plantain · (77:31,76) Root used as a remedy for rheumatism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware-Okl Gynecological aid. EPIPACTIS PUBESCENS Rattlesnake plantain · (77:31,76) Root given to women after childbirth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware-Okl Pulmonary aid. EPIPACTIS PUBESCENS Rattlesnake plantain · (77:31,76) Root used as a remedy for pleurisy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware-Okl Unspecified. EPIPACTIS PUBESCENS Rattlesnake plantain (77:76) Poultice of leaves used for unspecified purpose. ........... . Mohegan Oral aid. EPIPACTIS PUBESCENS Rattlesnake plantain (78:72) Mashed leaves used to wipe out infants' mouths to prevent soreness. (76:265) Poultice of mashed leaves used for sore mouth in babies. . . . . . . . . Mohegan Pediatric aid. EPIPACTIS PUBESCENS Rattlesnake plantain (78:72) Mashed leaves used to wipe out infants' mouths to prevent soreness. Mohegan Pediatric aid. EPIPACTIS PUBESCENS Rattlesnake plantain (76:265) Poultice of mashed leaves used for sore mouth of babies. . . . . . . . . Goodyera repens Orchidaceae Cherokee Blood medicine. Rattlesnake plantain (35:50) Compound decoction taken as a blood tonic and to build appetite. Cherokee Burn dressing. Rattlesnake plantain (35:50) Poultice of wilted leaves applied "to draw out burn." . . . . Cherokee Cold remedy. Rattlesnake plantain (35:50) Cold infusion of leaf taken for colds; also, taken for kidneys. Cherokee Dietary aid. Rattlesnake plantain (35:50) Cold infusion of leaf taken with whiskey to improve the appetite. (35:50) Compound decoction taken as a blood tonic and to build appetite. Cherokee Emetic. Rattlesnake plantain (35:50) Taken with whiskey to improve the appetite; also, taken as an emetic. Cherokee Eye medicine. Rattlesnake plantain (35:50) Infusion held in mouth for toothache; also, ooze dripped into sore eyes. Cherokee Kidney aid. Rattlesnake plantain (35:50) Cold infusion of leaf taken for colds; also, taken for kidneys. . . . . . . Cherokee Toothache remedy. Rattlesnake plantain (35:50) Infusion held in mouth for toothache; also, ooze dripped into sore eyes. Potawatomi Gast-intestinal aid. EPIPACTIS REPENS Rattlesnake plantain (64:67) Root and leaves used for stomach and bladder diseases. . . . . . . . Potawatomi Gynecological aid. EPIPACTIS REPENS Rattlesnake plantain (64:67) Root and leaves used to treat female disorders. ........... . Potawatomi Snake bite remedy. EPIPACTIS REPENS Rattlesnake plantain (64:67) Reference (1796): poultice of chewed leaves & swallowed juice for snake bite. Potawatomi Urinary aid. EPIPACTIS REPENS Rattlesnake plantain (64:67) Root and leaves used for stomach and bladder diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gossypium herbaceum Malvaceae Koasati Gynecological aid. Cotton, common . .. (79:42) Decoction of roots taken to ease childbirth. Gossypium sp. Malvaceae Tewa Dermatological aid. GOSSYPIUM HOPI Cotton Poultice of chewed kernels applied to child's head as a remedy for baldness. (54:102,103) Tewa Pediatric aid. GOSSYPIUM HOPI Cotton Poultice of chewed kernels applied to child's head as a remedy for baldness. (54:102,103) Grindelia aphanactis Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Gumweed Plant used to hold cuts together until they heal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:51)

Genera

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207

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Grindelia

Table 1: Genera - Grindelia aphanactis Asteraceae

Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Gumweed Plant used as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:51) Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Gumweed Cold infusion of plant given to children and lambs to kill a swallowed ant. . (84:51) Navaho-Ramah Insecticide. Gumweed . Strong infusion of plant poured on ant hill to kill ants. .. . . . . . . . . . . . (84:51) Navaho-Ramah Pediatric aid. Gumweed . (84:51) Cold infusion of plant given to children and lambs to kill a swallowed ant. Navaho-Ramah Veterinary aid. GuIilweed Cold infusion of plant given to children and lambs to kill a swallowed ant. (84:51) Grindelia camporum Asteraceae Costanoan Dermatological aid. Decoction of plant used for dermatitis, poison oak, boils and wounds. . (5:26) Kawaiisu Analgesic. Gumweed Decoction of leaves and flowers applied to sore parts of the body. (92:33) Kawaiisu Orthopedic aid. Gumweed Decoction of leaves and flowers applied to sore parts of the body. (92:33) Grindelia nana Asteraceae Sanpoil Tuberculosis remedy. Gum plant Decoction of roots used in the treatment of tuberculosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (51:218) Grindelia numilis Asteraceae Mahuna Dermatological aid. GRINDELIA CUNEIFOLIA Plant used for itching skin eruption caused by poison oak. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (55:11) Grindelia robusta Asteraceae Karok Insecticide. Gum plant Decoction of roots used as a shampoo to kill hair lice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (58:389) Grindelia sp. Asteraceae Mendocino Ind Blood medicine. Rosin weed Decoction of plant taken as a blood purifier. . . . . . . . . . . . (16:394) Mendocino Ind Cold remedy. Rosin weed Decoction of plant taken for colds and colic or to open bowels. (16:394) Mendocino Ind Gast-intestinal aid. Rosin weed Decoction of plant taken for colds and colic or to open bowels. (16:394) Mendocino Ind Laxative. Rosin weed . (16:394) Decoction of plant taken for colds and colic or to open bowels. Paiute Cough medicine. GRINDELIA NANA t Gum plant Decoction of plant said to be a good expectorant and cough medicine. . (81:81,82) Paiute Expectorant. GRINDELIA NANA t Gum plant Decoction of plant said to be a good expectorant and cough medicine. . (81:81,82) Paiute Pulmonary aid. GRINDELIA NANA t Gum plant Hot decoction of young shoots taken for pneumonia. . (81:81,82) Paiute Urinary aid. GRINDELIA NANA t Gum plant Infusion of plant taken for bladder trouble. . (81:81,82) Shoshone Analgesic. GRINDELIA NANA t Gum plant Decoction of plant taken for stomachaches. .., . (81:81,82) Shoshone Cough medicine. GRINDELIA NAN A t Gum plant Decoction of plant said to be a good expectorant and cough medicine. . (81:81,82) Shoshone Dermatological aid. GRINDELIA NANA t Gum plant Poultice of boiled plant applied to swellings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (81:81,82) Shoshone Disinfectant. GRINDELIA NANA t Gum plant Decoction of plant used as an antiseptic wash to help heal broken bones. . (81:81,82) Shoshone Emetic. GRINDELIA NANA t Gum plant Infusion of plant taken as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (81:81,82) Shoshone Expectorant. GRINDELIA NANA t Gum plant Decoction of plant said to be a good expectorant and cough medicine. . (81:81,82) Shoshone Gast-intestinal aid. GRINDELIA NANA t Gum plant Decoction of plant taken for stomachaches. . . . . . . . . . . . (81:81,82) Shoshone Misc disease remedy. GRINDELIA NANA t Gum plant Decoction of plant taken to cure smallpox and measles. . (81:81,82) Shoshone Orthopedic aid. GRINDELIA NANA t Gum plant Poultice of boiled plant applied to broken leg bones. . (81:81,82) Shoshone Urinary aid. GRINDELIA NANA t Gum plant Infusion of plant taken for bladder trouble. . . . . . . (81:81,82) Shoshone Venereal aid. GRINDELIA NAN A t Gum plant Decoction of plant taken for venereal disease. . (81:81,82) Grindelia squarrosa Asteraceae Blackfeet Liver aid. Gum plant Decoction of root taken for liver trouble. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (45:276) Cheyenne Dermatological aid. Gumweed (36:21) Decoction of flowering tops applied to skin diseases, scabs and sores.

208

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Genera

Grindelia

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Grindelia squarrosa Asteraceae Cheyenne Eye medicine. Gumweed Gum rubbed on the outside of eyes for snowblindness. (36:21) Dakota Gast-intestinal aid. Sticky head Decoction of plant given to children as a remedy for colic. (30:133) Dakota Gast-intestinal aid. (29:368) Infusion of plant tops given to children for stomachaches. Dakota Pediatric aid. Sticky head Decoction of plant given to children as a remedy for colic. (30:133) Dakota Pediatric aid. Infusion of plant tops given to children for stomachaches. (29:368) Gosiute Cough medicine. Gum plant Roots used as a cough medicine. ............... (14:371) Mahuna Dermatological aid. (55:15) Infusion used as a disinfectant wash and poultice of plants applied to cuts. Mahuna Disinfectant. Infusion used as a disinfectant wash and poultice of plants applied to cuts. (55:15) Montana Ind. Venereal aid. Rosin weed Decoction used as an antisyphilitic. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3:12) Paiute Cough medicine. Gum plant Decoction of plant said to be a good expectorant and cough medicine. . (81:81,82) Paiute Expectorant. Gum plant Decoction of plant said to be a good expectorant and cough medicine. . (81:81,82) Paiute Pulmonary aid. Gum plant Hot decoction of young shoots taken for pneumonia. . (81:81,82) Paiute Urinary aid. Gum plant Infusion of plant taken for bladder trouble. . . . . . . . (81:81,82) Pawnee Veterinary aid. Sticky head Decoction of tops & leaves used as a wash for saddle galls & sores on horses. (30:133) Ponca Tuberculosis remedy. Sticky head Decoction of plant taken for consumption. (30:133) Shoshone Analgesic. Gum plant Decoction of plant taken for stomachaches. . (81:81,82) Shoshone Cough medicine. Gum plant Decoction of plant said to be a good expectorant and cough medicine. . (81:81,82) Shoshone Dermatological aid. Gum plant Poultice of boiled plant applied to swellings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (81:81,82) Shoshone Disinfectant. Gum plant Decoction of plant used as an antiseptic wash to help heal broken bones. . (81:81,82) Shoshone Emetic. Gum plant Infusion of plant taken as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (81:81,82) Shoshone Expectorant. Gum plant Decoction of plant said to be a good expectorant and cough medicine. . (81:81,82) Shoshone Gast-intestinal aid. Gum plant Decoction of plant taken for stomachaches. . . . . . . . . (81:81,82) Shoshone Misc disease remedy. Gum plant Decoction of plant taken to cure smallpox and measles. . (81:81,82) Shoshone Orthopedic aid. Gum plant Poultice of boiled plant applied to broken legs. . (81:81,82) Shoshone Urinary aid. Gum plant Infusion of plant taken for bladder trouble. . (81:81,82) Shoshone Venereal aid. Gum plant Decoction of plant taken for venereal disease. . (81:81,82) Sioux Kidney aid. Rosin weed . (3:12) Infusion taken for kidney trouble. . . . . . . . Gutierrezia californica Asteraceae Kawaiisu Orthopedic aid. Matchweed, San Joaquin Poultice of heated plant applied to aching back or limbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (92:33) Gutierrezia diversifolia Asteraceae Blackfeet Herbal steam. Roots used in herbal steam for unspecified ailments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (45:276) Gutierrezia linoides Asteraceae Tewa Analgesic. GUTIERREZIA LONGIFOLIA Plant used on hot coals to fumigate patient with painful menstruation. (54:56) Tewa Disinfectant. GUTIERREZIA LONGIFOLIA Plant used on hot coals to fumigate mother and newborn child. (54:56) Tewa Ear medicine. GUTIERREZIA LONGIFOLIA Chopped fresh plant rubbed around ear to relieve earache. (54:56) Tewa Gast-intestinal aid. GUTIERREZIA LONGIFOLIA Decoction of plant for gastric disturbances, especially "gastric influenza." (54:56)

Genera

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209

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Gutierrezia

Table 1: Genera -Gutierrezia linoides Asteraceae Tewa Gynecological aid. GUTIERREZIA LONGIFOLIA Compound containing plant used as snuff & as a fumigant for painful periods. Compound containing plant used as snuff and as a fumigant for women in labor. Tewa Misc disease remedy. G UTIERREZIA LONGIFOLIA Decoction of plant taken for gastric influenza. . . . . . . . . . .. Tewa Pediatric aid. GUTIERREZIA LONGIFOLIA Plant used on hot coals to fumigate mother and newborn child. Gutierrezia Lucida Asteraceae Navaho Veterinary aid. Snakeweed Poultice of plant applied to the back and legs of horses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gutierrezia sarothrae Asteraceae Comanche Pulmonary aid. Snakeweed Compound containing leaves used to treat whooping cough. Dakota Veterinary aid. Herb, yellow Decoction of flowers given to horses as a laxative. Navaho Analgesic. Matchweed Plant used for headaches and "nervousness." Navaho Analgesic. Snakeweed Plant ashes rubbed on the body for headaches. Navaho Dermatological aid. Snakeweed Poultice of chewed plant applied to swellings of ant, bee and wasp stings. Navaho Dermatological aid. Plant used for wounds. ............ . Navaho Sedative. Matchweed Plant used for headaches and "nervousness." Navaho Snake bite remedy. Snakeweed Plant used for snake bites. . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho Veterinary aid. Snakeweed Decoction of ground plant applied as poultice to sheep bitten by a snake. Navaho-Kayenta Antidiarrheal. Plant used for bloody diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Ceremonial medicine. Plant used as a ceremonial fumigant ingredient. Navaho-Kayenta Disinfectant. Plant used as a ceremonial fumigant ingredient. Navaho-Kayenta Gast-intestinal aid. Plant used for gastro-intestinal disease. NavaJio-Ramah Analgesic. Snakeweed Decoction of root taken for painful urination and stomachache. Navaho-Ramah Antidote. Snakeweed Compound decoction of plant used as an antidote for taking too much medicine. Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Snakeweed Decoction used ceremonially for snake infection or snake bite. . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Snakeweed Poultice or infusion of flowers & leaves applied to red ant bite & bee sting .. Navaho-Ramah Disinfectant. Snakeweed Decoction used ceremonially for snake infection or snake bite. Navaho-Ramah Febrifuge. Snakeweed Cold infusion of leaves applied to forehead for fever. Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Snakeweed Decoction of root taken for stomachache. . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. Snakeweed Decoction of root taken to hasten delivery of placenta. Navaho-Ramah Other. Snakeweed Root used as "life medicine." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Snake bite remedy. Snakeweed Decoction used ceremonially for snake infection or snake bite. Navaho-Ramah Urinary aid. Snakeweed Decoction of root taken for painful urination. . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Veterinary aid. Snakeweed Cold infusion of leaves as lotion on incisions and bites on lambs or colts. Paiute Antirheumatic - Ext. Snakeweed Poultice of boiled leaves in cloth applied as a heat pack for rheumatism. Paiute Hemostat. Snakeweed Poultice of boiled leaves applied to top of head to stop nosebleed. Paiute Orthopedic aid. Snakeweed Poultice of boiled leaves applied for sprains. Shoshone Cold remedy. Snakeweed Decoction of plant taken to cure a cold. ..

210

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Genera

(54:56) (54:56) (54:56) (54:56) . . (38:151) (10:522) (29:368) (38:151) (23:86) (23:86) (23:97) (38:151) (23:86) (23:86) (91:48) (91:48) (91:48) (91:48) (84:51) (84:51) (84:51) (84:51) (84:51) (84:51) (84:51) (84:51) (84:51) (84:51) (84:51) (84:51) · (81:82,83) · (81:82,83) · (81:82,83) · (81:82,83)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Gutierrezia

Table 1: Genera - Gutierrezia sarothrae Asteraceae Shoshone Dermatological aid. Snakeweed Compound decoction of plant as an antiseptic wash for measles & other rashes. Shoshone Disinfectant. Snakeweed Compound decoction of plant as an antiseptic wash for measles & other rashes. Shoshone Misc disease remedy. Snakeweed Compound decoction of plant used as an antiseptic wash for measles. Gutierrezia sp. Asteraceae Hopi Gast-intestinal aid. Plant used to treat disorders of the digestive system. Keresan Ceremonial medicine. Snakeweed Infusion of plant taken as a ceremonial emetic. Keresan Emetic. Snakeweed Infusion of plant taken as a ceremonial emetic. Zuni Diaphoretic. G UTIERREZIA FILIFOLIA Snakeweed Infusion of blossoms taken as a diaphoretic. . . . . Zuni Diuretic. GUTIERREZIA FILIFOLIA Snakeweed Infusion of blossoms taken as a diuretic for "obstinate cases." Zuni Strengthener. GUTIERREZIA FILIFOLIA Snakeweed Infusion of blossoms taken to "make one strong in the limbs and muscles." Gymnocladus dioica Fabaceae Dakota Laxative. Coffee tree, Kentucky Infusion of root used as enema; infallible remedy for constipation. Dakota Stimulant. Coffee tree, Kentucky Pulverized root bark used as snuff to cause sneezing in comatose patient. Fox Psychological aid. Coffee tree, Kentucky Wax of pods "fed to a patient to cure him of lunacy." Omaha Dietary aid. Coffee tree, Kentucky Bark used as a tonic and appetizer. . . . . . . . . . . . Omaha Gynecological aid. GYMNOCLADUS CANADENSIS Coffee tree, Kentucky Powdered root mixed with water given to women during protracted labor. Omaha Hemostat. GYMNOCLADUS CANADENSIS Coffee tree, Kentucky Root bark used for hemorrhages, especially from nose and during childbirth. Omaha Kidney aid. GYMNOCLADUS CANADENSIS Coffee tree, Kentucky Root used "when kidneys failed to act." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Omaha Laxative. Coffee tree, Kentucky Infusion of root used as enema; infallible remedy for constipation. Omaha Stimulant. Coffee tree, Kentucky Pulverized root bark used as snuff to cause sneezing in comatose patient. Omaha Tonic. Coffee tree, Kentucky Bark used as a tonic and appetizer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oto Laxative. Coffee tree, Kentucky Infusion of root used as enema; infallible remedy for constipation. Pawnee Analgesic. Coffee tree, Kentucky Pulverized pod sniffed to cause sneezing as cure for headache. Pawnee Stimulant. Coffee tree, Kentucky Pulverized root bark used as snuff to cause sneezing in comatose patient. Ponca Laxative. Coffee tree, Kentucky Infusion of root used as enema; infallible remedy for constipation. . ... Ponca Stimulant. Coffee tree, Kentucky Pulverized root bark used as snuff to cause sneezing in comatose patient. Winnebago Laxative. Coffee tree, Kentucky Infusion of root used as enema; infallible remedy fo~ constipation. Winnebago Stimulant. Coffee tree, Kentucky Pulverized root bark used as snuff to cause sneezing in comatose patient. Habenaria ciliaris Orchidaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Orchid, yellow fringed Infusion of root taken every hour for "flux;" cold infusion for headache. Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Orchid, yellow fringed Infusion of root taken every hour for "flux;" cold infusion for headache. Habenaria dilatata Orchidaceae Micmac Urinary aid. HAVERNARIA DILATATA Root juice taken with water for gravel. Shuswap Poison. Rein orchis Leaves are poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Analgesic. HABENARIA LEUCOSTACHYS Erythronium stalk Plant used in the sweatbath for rheumatism and various joint & muscle aches. Thompson Ind Antirheumatic - Ext. HABENARIA LEUCOSTACHYS Erythronium stalk Plant used in the sweatbath for rheumatism and various joint & muscle aches. Thompson Ind Antirheumatic - Ext. HABENARIA LEUCOSTACHYS Heated decoction of plant used as a wash for rheumatism. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Genera

· (81:82,83) · (81:82,83) · (81:82,83) (88:34) (87:563) (87:563) (72:53) (72:53) (72:53) · (30:89,90) · (30:89,90) (62:229) (28:335) (25:584) (25:584) (25:584) · (30:89,90) · (30:89,90) . (28:335) (30:89,90) · (30:89,90) · (30:89,90) · (30:89,90) · (30:89,90) · (30:89,90) · (30:89,90) (35:47) (35:47) (66:317) (47:55) (71:467) (71:467) (71:467)

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211

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Habenaria

Table 1: Genera -Habenaria dilatata Orchidaceae Thompson Ind Diaphoretic. HABENARIA LEUCOSTACHYS Erythronium stalk (71:467) Plant used in the sweatbath for rheumatism and various joint & muscle aches. Thompson Ind Disinfectant. HABENARIA LEUCOSTACHYS Orchid (71:504) Decoction of whole plant used as a wash after the purifying sweatbath. Thompson Ind Herbal steam. HABENARIA LEUCOSTACHYS Erythronium stalk Plant steamed in the sweatbath for rheumatism and other joint & muscle aches. · (71:467) Thompson Ind Hunting medicine. HABENARIA LEUCOSTACHYS Orchid Plant used to wash guns "to insure good luck when hunting." . . . . . . . . . . . · (71:506) Thompson Ind Love medicine. HABENARIA LEUCOSTACHYS Orchid Plant used in wash by women "hoping to gain a mate and have success in love." · (71:506) Thompson Ind Orthopedic aid. HABENARIA LEUCOSTACHYS Erythronium stalk Plant used in the sweatbath for sprains, and stiff, aching muscles & joints. · (71:467) Thompson Ind Other. HABENARIA LEUCOSTACHYS Orchid (71:506) Plant used in a wash by both sexes ''to obtain riches and property." (71:506) Plant used in wash to make young men "lucky, good looking, & sweet smelling." Habenaria finbriata Orchidaceae Iroquois Other. Orchid, large purpled fringe Decoction of smashed dried roots taken to frighten away ghosts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:290) Habenaria orbiculata Orchidaceae Iroquois Dermatological aid. Orchid, round leaved · (37:289) Poultice of leaves applied to sores caused by scrofula and to cuts. Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Orchid, round leaved Poultice of leaves bound to sore caused by scrofula. . · (37:289) Montagnais Dermatological aid. Lady's slipper Poultice of leaves applied to blisters on hands or feet. · (66:313) Habenaria psycodes Orchidaceae Iroquois Analgesic. Orchid, purple fringed (37:289) Infusion of single root and flowers given to young children for cramps. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Orchid, purple fringed (37:290) Infusion of root taken as a parturition medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Panacea. Orchid, purple fringed (37:290) Compound infusion taken or placed on injured part; a "Little Water Medicine." Iroquois Pediatric aid. Orchid, purple fringed (37:289) Infusion of single root and flowers given to young children for cramps. . . . . . . Habenaria saccata Orchidaceae Kwakiutl Love medicine. Orchid, slender bog (82:275) Compound with plant used as a love charm. Habenaria sP. Orchidaceae Mahuna Dermatological aid. PIPERACEA SP. (55:34) Plant used for rattlesnake, black-widow and scorpion bites. Mahuna Eye medicine. PIPERACEA SP. (55:34) Plant used for trachoma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mahuna Snake bite remedy. PIPERACEA SP. (55:34) Plant used for rattlesnake, black-widow and scorpion bites. Habenaria viridis Orchidaceae Iroquois Gynecological aid. Orchid, large bracted (37:289) Compound decoction with plant taken to bring away placenta after childbirth. Ojibwa Love medicine. HABENARIA BRACTEATA Rein orchis (63:377) Root smuggled into another's food as an aphrodisiac. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Hackelia ftoribunda Boraginaceae Navaho-Ramah Orthopedic aid. Root of this or any poisonous plant used for serious injury such as fracture. · (84:40,41) Navaho-Ramah Other. Leaves and pollen used various ways for good luck in gambling and trading. · (84:40,41) Navaho-Ramah Poison. Plant considered poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · (84:40,41) Hackelia virginiana Boraginaceae Cherokee Cancer treatment. HACKELIA VIRGINIA Beggar lice (35:25) Bruised root with bear oil used as ointment for cancer. Cherokee Dermatological aid. HACKELIA VIRGINIA Beggar lice (35:25) Decoction used for kidney trouble; compound decoction of root given for itch .. Cherokee Kidney aid. HACKELIA VIRGINIA Beggar lice (35:25) Decoction used for kidney trouble; compound decoction of root given for itch .. Cherokee Love medicine. HACKELIA VIRGINIA Beggar lice (35:25) Love charms. ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Psychological aid. HACKELIA VIRGINIA Beggar lice Used for "good memory." ................ . (35:25) Hamamelis virginiana Hamamelidaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Witch hazel Infusion taken for sore throat; also, taken for periodic pains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (35:62)

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Genera

Hamamelis

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Hamamelis virginiana Hamamelidaceae Cherokee Cold remedy. Witch hazel Infusion taken for colds; also, compound infusion taken for fevers. . . . . . . . Cherokee Dermatological aid. Witch hazel Infusion used as wash for sores & skinned places; leaves rubbed on scratches. Cherokee Febrifuge. Witch hazel Infusion taken for colds; also, compound infusion taken for fevers. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Witch hazel Infusion taken for sore throat; also, taken for periodic pains. Cherokee Throat aid. Witch hazel Infusion taken for sore throat; also, taken for periodic pains. Cherokee Tuberculosis remedy. Witch hazel Infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis. . ...... . Chippewa Dermatological aid. Witch hazel Infusion of inner bark used as lotion for skin troubles. Chippewa Emetic. Witch hazel Inner bark used as an emetic, especially in cases of poisoning. Chippewa Eye medicine. Witch hazel Infusion of inner bark used as a wash for sore eyes. . . . . . . Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Witch hazel Infusion of twig bark taken for bloody dysentery and cholera. Iroquois Antiemetic. Witch hazel Poultice of branches applied to body part affected by colds and heaves. Iroquois Antirheumatic - Int. Witch hazel Compound used for arthritis. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Blood medicine. Witch hazel Compound decoction of tips and sprouts taken as a blood purifier. Iroquois Cold remedy. Witch hazel Decoction of young branches taken or poultice applied for colds. . Iroquois Cough medicine. Witch hazel Decoction of young branches taken as medicine for coughs and colds. Iroquois Dietary aid. Witch hazel Decoction of bark taken "when one can't eat," to stimulate the appetite. Iroquois Emetic. Witch hazel Decoction of bark taken as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Gynecological aid. Witch hazel Compound decoction taken to prevent hemorrhage after childbirth. Decoction of shoots taken by a pregnant woman who has fallen or been hurt. Iroquois Heart medicine. Witch hazel Decoction of leaves and twigs taken for "cold around the heart." Iroquois Kidney aid. Witch hazel Decoction of twigs taken and poultice of bark used to regulate the kidneys. Iroquois Misc disease remedy. Witch hazel Infusion of twig bark taken for bloody dysentery and cholera. Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Witch hazel Decoction of shoots taken and poultice of bark used for bruises. Iroquois Other. Witch hazel Bark used as an astringent. No preparation indicated. Iroquois Panacea. Witch hazel Compound decoction of roots taken as a panacea. . . . Iroquois Pulmonary aid. Witch hazel Decoction of bark taken for lung troubles or for spots and scars on lungs. Iroquois Respiratory aid. Witch hazel Decoction of new growth twigs taken for chest colds and asthma. Iroquois Toothache remedy. Witch hazel Plant used for toothache. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Witch hazel Compound decoction of roots or bark taken for consumption. Iroquois Venereal aid. Witch hazel Compound decoction of bark taken for venereal disease. Menominee Ceremonial medicine. Witch hazel Seeds used as the sacred bead in the medicine ceremony. Menominee Orthopedic aid. Witch hazel Decoction rubbed on legs during sports, to keep legs limber. Infusion of twigs used to "cure a lame back." . . . . . . . . . Menominee Other. Witch hazel Dried seeds used in a test to tell whether sick person would recover. Mohegan Dermatological aid. Witch hazel Infusion of twigs & leaves used as lotion for cuts, bruises, & insect bites. Potawatomi Orthopedic aid. Witch hazel Twigs used to create steam in the sweat bath to ease sore muscles.

Genera

(35:62) (35:62) (35:62) (35:62) (35:62) (35:62) (31:131) (31:131) (31:131) (37:346) (37:346) (37:348) (37:347) (37:348) (37:348) (37:346) (37:346) (37:347) (37:347) (37:346) (37:348) (37:346) (37:347) (37:347) (37:347) (37:348) (37:348) (37:346) (37:346) (37:347) (61:37) (61:37) (61:37) (22:120) (78:72,130) . (64:59,60)

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213

Haplopappus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Haplopappus bloomeri Asteraceae

Klamath Dermatological aid. CHRYSOTHAMNUS BLOOMERI Poultice of smashed leaves applied to blisters. Haplopappus cooperi Asteraceae Tubatulabal Antirheumatic - Ext. ERICAMERIA MONACTIS Compound decoction of stalks and flowers used as a wash for rheumatism. Haplopappus gracilis Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. APLOPAPPUS GRACILIS Cold infusion used as lotion for pimples, boils, and sores. Navaho-Ramah Eye medicine. APLOPAPPUS GRACILIS Cold compound infusion of plant used as an eyewash. Navaho-Ramah Other. APLOPAPPUS GRACILIS Decoction of plant taken for internal injury. Navaho-Ramah Respiratory aid. APLOPAPPUS GRACILIS Plant used as snuff to cause sneezing, clearing congested nose. Haplopappus heterophyl/us Asteraceae Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. APLOPAPPUS HETEROPHYLLUS Plant used as a lotion to heal infant's navel. . . . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Pediatric aid. APLOPAPPUS HETEROPHYLLUS Plant used as a lotion to heal infant's navel. . . . . . . . Pima Analgesic. APLOPAPPUS HETEROPHYLLUS Jimmyweed Poultice of plant applied for muscular pain. . . . . . . . . . Pima Cough medicine. APLOPAPPUS HETEROPHYLLUS Jimmyweed Leaves chewed to alleviate coughing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pima Orthopedic aid. APLOPAPPUS HETEROPHYLLUS Jimmyweed Poultice of plant applied for muscular pain. . . . . . . . . . . . . Haplopappuslinearifolius Asteraceae Kawaiisu Antirheumatic - Ext. Goldenbush Decoction of leaves and flowers applied to limbs for rheumatism. Kawaiisu Dermatological aid. Goldenbush Decoction of leaves and flowers applied to soreness, bruises and cuts. Decoction of roots used as a hair wash to make the hair grow. Kawaiisu Orthopedic aid. Goldenbush Decoction of roots used as a wash for tired feet. . . . . . . . .. Kawaiisu Veterinary aid. Goldenbush Decoction of leaves and flowers applied to sore backs of horses. Tubatulabal Antirheumatic - Ext. STENOTOPSIS LINEARIFOLIUS Oompound decoction of leaves and flowers used as a wash for rheumatism. Haplopappus '(]lutta/lii Asteraceae Hopi Cough medicine. Decoction of root taken for cough. Haplopappus palmeri Asteraceae Coahuilla Analgesic. APLOPAPPUS PALMERI Poultice of leaves and twigs applied to feet to relieve swelling and pain. Coahuilla Orthopedic aid. APLOPAPPUS PALMERI Hot poultice of leaves and twigs bound on feet to relieve swelling and pain. Haplopappus parishii Asteraceae Luisenos Unspecified. BIGELOVIA PARISHII Plant used for medicinal purposes. Haplopappus sp. Asteraceae Navaho Gast-intestinal aid. APLOPAPPUS LANUGINOSUS Plant used for indigestion. . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho Nose medicine. APLOPAPPUS LANUGINOSUS Plant used for nose and throat troubles. Navaho Oral aid. APLOPAPPUS LANUGINOSUS Plant used for sore gums. . . . . . . . . . Navaho Throat aid. APLOPAPPUS LANUGINOSUS Plant used for nose and throat troubles. .. Navaho Toothache remedy. APLOPAPPUS LANUGINOSUS Plant used as a toothache medicine. . . . . . . . . Paiute Antidiarrheal. APLOPAPPUS NANUS Goldenweed Decoction of plant taken to stop diarrhea. . . . ... Paiute Antidiarrheal. Infusion of plant taken for stomach troubles and diarrhea. Paiute Cold remedy. APLOPAPPUS NANUS Goldenweed Decoction of flowering heads and stems or stems alone used for colds. Paiute Cough medicine. APLOPAPPUS NANUS Goldenweed Decoction of flowering heads and stems used for coughs and colds. Paiute Eye medicine. APLOPPAPUS STENOPHYLLUS Goldenweed Decoction of roots used as a wash for sore eyes. . . . . . . . . . . .

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Genera

(70:131) (86:59) (84:47) (84:47) (84:47) (84:47) (91:44) (91:44) (17:101) (17:101) . (17:101) (92:33) (92:33) (92:33) (92:33) (92:33) (86:59) . (88:35,94) (2:78) (2:78) (65:228) (23:96) (23:96) (23:97) (23:96) (23:80) (81:36) (73:317) (81:36) (81:36) (81:36)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Haplopappus

Table 1: Genera - Haplopappus sp. Asteraceae Paiute Febrifuge. APLOPAPPUS NANUS Goldenweed (81:36) Decoction of whole plant taken for high fevers. . . . . . . Paiute Gast-intestinal aid. APLOPAPPUS NANUS Goldenweed (81:36) Decoction of whole plant taken for stomach troubles. .. Paiute Gast-intestinal aid. (73:317) Infusion of plant taken for stomach troubles and diarrhea. Paiute Misc disease remedy. APLOPAPPUS NANUS Goldenweed (81:36) Decoction of whole plant taken for grippe and high fever. Shoshone Analgesic. APLOPAPPUS NANUS Goldenweed (81:36) Decoction of flowering tops taken to stop stomachaches or stomach cramps. Shoshone Cold remedy. APLOPAPPUS NANUS Goldenweed (81:36) Decoction of flowering heads and stems or whole plant used for colds. Shoshone Cough medicine. APLOPAPPUS NANUS Goldenweed (81:36) Decoction of flowering heads and stems used for coughs and colds. Shoshone Eye medicine. APLOPPAPUS STENOPHYLLUS Goldenweed (81:36) Decoction of roots used as a wash for sore eyes. . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Gast-intestinal aid. APLOPAPPUS NANUS Goldenweed (81:36) Decoction of flowering tops taken for stomachaches or cramps. Haplopappus spinuloSU8 Asteraceae Navaho Analgesic. Daisy, mesa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (38:151) Plant or some part of it used for headaches. Hedeoma drummondii Lamiaceae Navaho Analgesic. Pennyroyal, drummond (23:72) Plant used for pain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Misc disease remedy. Pennyroyal, mock (84:41) Infusion of plant taken in large quantities for influenza. Hedeoma hispida Lamiaceae Dakota Cold remedy. Pennyroyal, rough (30:112) Infusion of leaves used as a remedy for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dakota Dietary aid. Pennyroyal, rough (30:112) Infusion of leaves used as a flavor and tonic appetizer in diet for the sick .. Hedeoma nanum Lamiaceae Shoshone Cathartic. HEDEOMA NANA Pennyroyal Decoction of plant taken as a physic. . .. (81:83) Shoshone Gast-intestinal aid. HEDEOMA NANA Pennyroyal (81:83) Decoction of plant taken for indigestion. Hedeoma pulegioides Lamiaceae Catawba Cold remedy. Pennyroyal (67:188) Decoction of roots used for colds. Catawba Cold remedy. Pennyroyal, American (79:53) Decoction of roots taken for colds. Cherokee Abortifacient. HEDEOMA PULEGOIDES Pennyroyal (35:48) Infusion taken for "obstructed menses;" also, taken for fever. Cherokee Analgesic. HEDEOMA PULEGOIDES Pennyroyal (35:48) Beaten leaves held in mouth for toothache; leaf poultice used for headaches. Cherokee Antidiarrheal. HEDEOMA PULEGOIDES Pennyroyal (35:48) Infusion taken for "flux;" also, leaves rubbed on body as insect repellent. Cherokee Cold remedy. HEDEOMA PULEGOIDES Pennyroyal (35:48) Taken for colds, coughs, and whooping cough. . . . . . . . Cherokee Cough medicine. HEDEOMA PULEGOIDES Pennyroyal (35:48) Taken for colds, coughs, and whooping cough. . . . . . . . Cherokee Diaphoretic. HEDEOMA PULEGOIDES Pennyroyal Decoction taken as a stimulant, a diaphoretic, and an expectorant. (35:48) Cherokee Expectorant. HEDEOMA PULEGOIDES Pennyroyal (35:48) Decoction taken as a stimulant, a diaphoretic, and an expectorant. Cherokee Febrifuge. HEDEOMA PULEGOIDES Pennyroyal Infusion taken for "obstructed menses;" also, taken for fever. . . . . (35:48) Cherokee Insecticide. HEDEOMA PULEGOIDES Pennyroyal (35:48) Infusion taken for "flux;" also, leaves rubbed on body as insect repellent. Cherokee Pulmonary aid. HEDEOMA PULEGOIDES Pennyroyal Taken for colds, coughs, and whooping cough. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (35:48) Cherokee Stimulant. HEDEOMA PULEGOIDES Pennyroyal (35:48) Decoction taken as a stimulant, a diaphoretic, and an expectorant. Cherokee Toothache remedy. HEDEOMA PULEGOIDES Pennyroyal (35:48) Beaten leaves held in mouth for toothache; leaf poultice used for headaches. Chickasaw Eye medicine. Pennyroyal, American (79:53) Cold infusion of roots applied to forehead for itching eyes. Delaware-Okl Analgesic. Pennyroyal, false . (77:29,76) Infusion of leaves taken to relieve stomach pains.

Genera

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215

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Hedeoma

Table 1: Genera - Hedeoma pu/egioides Lamiaceae

Delaware-Old Gast-intestinal aid. Pennyroyal, false (77:29) Infusion of leaves taken to relieve stomach pains. Iroquois Analgesic. Pennyroyal, American (37:426) Infusion of plants taken for headaches. .. Mahuna Antidiarrheal. Pennyroyal, American . (55:7) Plant used for dysentery. . . . . . . . . . . Mohegan Gast-intestinal aid. Pennyroyal (78:72) Infusion of leaves said to be ''warming and good for stomach." (76:265) Infusion of plant taken to warm the stomach. Nanticoke Diaphoretic. Pennyroyal, false Whole plant used as a sudorific. . . . . . . . . · (77:58,84) Nanticoke Kidney aid. Pennyroyal (77:58) Plant considered an excellent remedy for kidney and liver troubles. Nanticoke Liver aid. Pennyroyal (77:58) Plant considered an excellent remedy for kidney and liver troubles. Rappahannock Gynecological aid. Pennyroyal (69:33) Infusion of fresh or dried plants taken for menstruation pains. Shinnecock Analgesic. Pennyroyal (11:121) Infusion of leaves taken for pains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hedeoma sp. Lamiaceae Dakota Cold remedy. Pennyroyal (29:363) Infusion of plants taken for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dakota Dietary aid. Pennyroyal (29:363) Infusion of plants taken as a tonic appetizer in diet of sick. Dakota Tonic. Pennyroyal (29:363) Infusion of plants taken as a tonic appetizer in diet of sick. Helenium autumnale Asteraceae Cherokee Gynecological aid. (35:56) Compound infusion of roots given to prevent menstruation after childbirth. Cherokee Nose medicine. (35:56) Powdered dry leaves used to induce sneezing. Comanche Febrifuge. (10:522) Infusion of stems used as wash to treat fever. Fox Cold remedy. (62:215) Disk florets used as snuff to cure a cold or treat catarrh. Fox Gast-intestinal aid. (62:215) Infusion of florets taken for stomach catarrh. Fox Poison. (62:215) Plant known to be poisonous to cattle. . . . . Fox Respiratory aid. (62:215) Snuff of dried disk florets inhaled to treat catarrh or to cure a cold. Mahuna Respiratory aid. Sneezeweed, American (55:24) Plant used for catarrh. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Menominee Alterative. · (61:30,31) Compound infusion of flower heads taken "for its alterative effects." Menominee Analgesic. Sneezeweed, common · . (22:129) Compound of dried flowers applied to small cuts made on temples for headache. · . (22:129) Snuff of compounded flowers used to cause sneezing, relieving headache. .. Menominee Cold remedy. · (61 :30,31) Simple/compound snuff of flowers causes sneezing, clearing stuffy headcold. Helenium hoopesii Asteraceae Navaho Antiemetic. South American rubber plant Plant used to inhibit vomiting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (23:87) Helenium puberulum Asteraceae Costanoan Cold remedy. (5:26) Dried, powdered plant rubbed on the forehead and nose for colds. Costanoan Dermatological aid. (5:26) Dried, powdered plant applied to wounds. .. . . . . . . . . Costanoan Other. Dried, powdered plant used as a snuff to induce sneezing. (5:26) Mendocino Ind Venereal aid. Plant used for venereal diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (16:394) Helenium sp. Asteraceae Comanche Gynecological aid. HELENIUM MICROCEPHALUM Pulverized flowers inhaled to cause sneezing and expulsion of afterbirth. (10:522) Comanche Respiratory aid. HELENIUM MICROCEPHALUM Pulverized flowers inhaled to cause sneezing and clear nasal passages. (10:522) Helenium tenuifol~um Asteraceae Koasati Dermatological aid. Decoction of entire plant used as a sweat bath for dropsy and swellings. . . . . . . . . . . . (79:62)

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Genera

Helenium

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Helenium tenuifohum Asteraceae

Koasati Diaphoretic. Decoction of entire plant used as a sweat bath for dropsy and swellings. Koasati Kidney aid. Decoction of entire plant used as a sweat bath for dropsy and swellings. Helianthella parryi Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Decoction of root taken & as lotion on arrow or bullet wound; "life medicine." Navaho-Ramah Other. Decoction of root as "life medicine," especially for arrow or bullet wounds. Helianthella sp. Asteraceae Paiute Dermatological aid. HELIANTHELLIA UNIFLORA Sunflower, little Poultice of mashed root applied hot for swellings and sprains. Paiute Orthopedic aid. HELIANTHELLIA UNIFLORA Sunflower, little Poultice of mashed root applied for swellings and sprains. ... Shoshone Analgesic. HELIANTHELLIA UNIFLORA Sunflower, little Infusion of root used as a wash or as a compress to relieve headaches. Shoshone Antirheumatic - Ext. HELIANTHELLIA UNIFLORA Sunflower, little Poultice of mashed root applied for rheumatism of the shoulder or knee. Helianthemum canadense Cistaceae Cherokee Kidney aid. Frostweed Infusion ofleaf taken for kidneys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware-Okl Analgesic. HELIANTHEMIUM CANADENSE Frostweed Infusion of plant taken and poultice of root applied for sore throat. Delaware-Ok! Tonic. Frostweed Plant used as a "strengthening" medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Helianthus annuus Asteraceae Apache Snake bite remedy. Sunflower Poultice of crushed plants applied to snake bites. Dakota Analgesic. Sunflower Infusion of flowers used for chest pains. Dakota Pulmonary aid. Sunflower Decoction of flower heads taken for pulmonary troubles. Gros Ventres Ceremonial medicine. Sunflower, wild Oil from seeds used "to lubricate or paint the face or body." Gros Ventres Stimulant. Sunflower, wild Dried, powdered seeds mixed into cakes, taken on war party to combat fatigue. Hopi Dermatological aid. Sunflower Plant used as a "spider medicine." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mandans Ceremonial medicine. Sunflower, wild Oil from seeds used "to lubricate or paint the face or body." Mandans Stimulant. Sunflower, wild Dried, powdered seeds mixed into cakes, taken on war party to combat fatigue. Navaho Dietary aid. Sunflower Seeds eaten to give appetite. . . . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Ceremonial medicine. Plant used for sun sandpainting ceremony. Navaho-Kayenta Disinfectant. Plant used for prenatal infection caused by solar eclipse. Navaho-Kayenta Pediatric aid. Plant used for prenatal infection caused by solar eclipse. Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Sunflower Moxa of pith used on scratched wart for removal. Navaho-Ramah Other. Sunflower Salve of pulverized seed & root used on injury from horse falling on person. Paiute Antirheumatic - Ext. Sunflower, common Decoction of root used as a warm wash for rheumatism. . . . . . . . . . . . . Pawnee Gynecological aid. Sunflower Dry seed compound eaten by pregnant nursing women to protect suckling child. Pima Anthelmintic. Sunflower Poultice of warm ashes applied to stomach for worms. Pima Febrifuge. Sunflower Decoction of leaves taken for high fevers. . . . . . . . . Pima Veterinary aid. Sunflower Decoction of leaves used as a wash for horses' sores caused by screw worms. Rees Ceremonial medicine. Sunflower, wild Oil from seeds used "to lubricate or paint the face or body." . . . . . . . . . Rees Stimulant. Sunflower, wild Dried, powdered seeds mixed into cakes, taken on war party to combat fatigue. Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. HELIANTHUS LENTICULARIS Sunflower Powdered leaves alone or in ointment used on sores and swellings. . . . . . . . .

Genera

(79:62) (79:62) (84:51) (84:51) · (81:83,84) · (81:83,84) · (81:83,84) · (81:83,84) (35:35) · (77:27,76) (77:76) (53:158) (29:369) (30:130) (3:12,13) (3:12,13) · (88:32,96) (3:12,13) (3:12,13) (38:152) (91:48) (91:48) (91:48) (84:51) (84:51) (81:84) (30:130) (17:103) (17:103) (17:103) (3:12,13) (3:12,13) . (71:469)

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217

Helianthus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Helianthus annuus Asteraceae Zuni Snake bite remedy. Sunflower Compound poultice of root applied to rattlesnake bite with much ceremony. · (72:53,54) Helianthus anomalus Asteraceae Hopi Dermatological aid. Sunflower · (88:32,96) Plant used as a "spider medicine." Helianthus c'USiclcii Asteraceae Shasta Analgesic. · (41:340) Pounded roots used in a steambath for internal pain. Shasta Carminative. · (41:340) Decoction of smashed roots taken for gas. Shasta Dermatological aid. (41:340) Poultice of roots applied to swellings. Shasta Disinfectant. (41:340) Root burned in the house after a death. Shasta Febrifuge. Poultice of roots applied for chills and fever. · (41:340) Root burned in the house for long, slow sickness with chills and fever. · (41:340) Shasta Herbal steam. (41:340) Pounded roots used in a steambath for internal pain. Shasta Other. (41:340) Roots burned to keep away disease. . . . . . . . . . . . Helianthus decapetalus Asteraceae Fox Dermatological aid. Sunflower, thin leaved Poultice of macerated root applied to sores of long standing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (62:215) Helianthus giganteus Asteraceae Cherokee Nose medicine. Sunflower, tall swamp Dry powder sprinkled to induce sneezing. (35:58) Helianthus grosseserratus Asteraceae Fox Burn dressing. HELIANTHUS GROSSE-SERRATUS Sunflower, saw tooth (62:215) Poultice of blossoms used to heal burns. . Helianthus nuttallii Asteraceae Navaho Gast-intestinal aid. Sunflower, nuttall Infusion of dried, crushed leaves taken for stomach troubles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (23:87) Helianthus occidentalis Asteraceae S Ojibwa Dermatological aid. Sunflower Poultice of crushed root applied to "bruises and contusions." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (39:199) Helianthus petiolaris Asteraceae Hopi Dermatological aid. Sunflower Plant used as a "spider medicine." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · (88:32,96) Navaho-Ramah Hunting medicine. Cold infusion of flowers sprinkled on clothing for good luck in hunting. (84:52) Navaho-Ramah Other. Cold infusion of whole plant used as "life medicine." . . . . . . . . (84:52) Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Sunflower Powdered leaves alone or in ointment used on sores and swellings. (71:469) Helianthus sp. Asteraceae Cheyenne Ceremonial medicine. Sunflower Flower heads used in the Massaum ceremony. (36:21) Helianthus strumosus Asteraceae Fox Pulmonary aid. Sunflower, pale leaved wood (62:215) Infusion of root taken for lung troubles. Iroquois Anthelmintic. Sunflower, pale leaved (37:469) Decoction of roots given to children and adults with worms. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Sunflower, pale leaved (37:469) Decoction of roots given to children with worms. . . . . . . Heliopsis helianthoides Asteraceae Chippewa Stimulant. HELIOPSIS SCABRA Ox eye (21:364) Decoction of dried root or chewed fresh root spit on limbs as stimulant. Fox Pulmonary aid. HELIOPSIS SCABRA Ox eye, rough Root used to treat lung troubles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (62:215) Heliotropium curassavicum Boraginaceae Paiute Antidiarrheal. Pusley, Chinese Plant used for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · . (73:317) Paiute Diuretic. Heliotrope Decoction of plant or roots taken in cases of "retention of urine." · (81:84,85) Paiute Emetic. Heliotrope Decoction of root taken as an emetic. · (81:84,85) Paiute Throat aid. Heliotrope Decoction of root gargled for sore throat. · (81:84,85)

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Genera

Heliotropium

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Heliotropium curassamcum Boraginaceae

Pima Dermatological aid. Poultice of dried, pulverized root applied to sores and wounds. Shoshone Diuretic. Heliotrope Decoction of plant or roots taken in cases of "retention of urine." Shoshone Emetic. Heliotrope Decoction of root taken as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Misc disease remedy. Heliotrope Decoction of plant tops taken to aid in "bringing out" measles. Shoshone Throat aid. Heliotrope Decoction of root gargled for sore throat. Shoshone Venereal aid. Heliotrope Decoction of plant taken for venereal disease. Tubatulabal Antidiarrheal. HELIOTROPUM CURASSAVICUM Decoction of entire plant taken for bloody flux. Hepatica acutiloba Ranunculaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Liverleaf Infusion of plant taken as an emetic for abdominal pains. . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Breast treatment. Hepatica Compound used for swollen breasts; compound decoction for poor digestion. Cherokee Emetic. Liverleaf Infusion of plant taken as an emetic for abdominal pains. . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Hepatica Compound used for swollen breasts; compound decoction for poor digestion. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Liverleaf Infusion of plant taken as an emetic for abdominal pains. Cherokee Laxative. Hepatica Infusion used for liver and as laxative. Cherokee Liver aid. Hepatica Infusion used for liver and as laxative. Fox Eye medicine. Hepatica, sharp lobed Infusion of root internally & as wash for twisted mouth and crossed eyes. Fox Other. Hepatica, sharp lobed Infusion of root as a wash for twisted mouth or crossed eyes; also, orally. Menominee Gynecological aid. Liverleaf Compound containing root used for female maladies, especially leucorrhea. Hepatica americana Ranunculaceae Chippewa Abortifacient. HEPATICA TRILOBA Hepatica Decoction of roots taken for amenorrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chippewa Anticonvulsive. Hepatica Decoction of root taken for convulsions; used especially for children. Chippewa Dermatological aid. HEPATICA TRILOBA Hepatica Poultice of plants applied to inflammations and bruises. Chippewa Liver aid. HEPATICA TRILOBA Hepatica Plant used for liver ailments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chippewa Pediatric aid. Hepatica Decoction of root taken for convulsions; "used chiefly for children." Menominee Antidiarrheal. HEPATICA TRILOBA Hepatica, round lobe Compound decoction of root used to treat dysentery. Nanticoke Febrifuge. Hepatica Petals chewed "to prevent fever in summer." Potawatomi Other. HEPATICA TRILOBA Liverleaf Infusion of root and leaves taken to relieve vertigo. Hepatica 8p. Ranunculaceae Iroquois Analgesic. HEPATICA NOBILIS Hepatica, sharp leaved Decoction of plants taken by pregnant women with side or labor pains. Iroquois Blood medicine. HEPATICA NOBILIS Hepatica, sharp leaved Plant used as a blood purifier. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Contraceptive. HEPATICA NOBILIS Hepatica, sharp leaved Infusion of plants taken to prevent conception. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Gynecological aid. HEPATICA NOBILIS Hepatica, round leaved Compound used for labor pains in parturition. No preparation indicated. Decoction of plants taken by pregnant women for sore abdomen or side pains. Iroquois Gynecological aid. HEPATICA NOBILIS Hepatica, sharp leaved Decoction of plants taken by middle aged women to induce childbirth. .. Iroquois Misc disease remedy. HEPATICA NOBILIS Hepatica, sharp leaved Compound decoction of roots given to children with "summer complaint." Iroquois Orthopedic aid. HEPATICA NOBILIS Hepatica, round leaved Compound decoction of plants taken for stiff muscles. . . . . . . . . Iroquois Other. HEPATICA NOB ILlS Hepatica, round leaved Roots used to tell fortune. No preparation or application indicated.

Genera

(56:79) · (81:84,85) · (81:84,85) · (81:84,85) · (81:84,85) · (81:84,85) (86:59) (79:22) (35:38) (79:22) (35:38) (79:22) (35:38) (35:38) (62:239) (62:239) · (61:48,49) (31:129) (21:336) (31:129) (31:129) (21:336) (22:131) (77:56,84) (64:74) (37:328) (37:328) (37:328) (37:328) (37:328) (37:328) (37:328) (37:328) (37:328)

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219

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Hepatica

Table 1: Genera -Hepatica sp. Ranunculaceae Iroquois Pediatric aid. HEPATICA NOBILIS Hepatica, sharp leaved Compound decoction of roots given to children with "summer complaint." Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. HEPATICA NOBILIS Hepatica, sharp leaved "Chewed by women to bewitch men & make them crazy by affecting their hearts." . Nootka Cough medicine. Liverwort Several species used as cough medicine. Nootka Diuretic. Liverwort Several species used as diuretics. Heracleum maximum Apiaceae Aleut Cold remedy. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Leaves used to make a tonic for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Aleut Dermatological aid. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Poultice of heated leaves applied to sore muscles and minor cuts. Aleut Orthopedic aid. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Poultice of heated leaves applied to sore muscles and minor cuts. Aleut Throat aid. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Leaves used to make a soothing drink for sore throats. . . . . . . Bella Coola Analgesic. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Poultice of compound containing roots used for pains in lungs or hips. Bella Coola Antirheumatic - Ext. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Compound infusion of root as poultice for pains like rheumatism. Bella Coola Dermatological aid. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Poultice of crushed boiled or baked root applied to boils; also, used raw. Bella Coola Orthopedic aid. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Poultice of compound containing roots used for pains in lungs or hips. Bella Coola Pulmonary aid. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Poultice of compound containing roots used for pains in lungs or hips. California Ind Antirheumatic - Int. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Strong decoction of root used as a cure for rheumatism. . . . . . Chippewa Dermatological aid. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Poultice of boiled or dried root and flowers applied to boils. Chippewa Throat aid. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Decoction of root gargled or dried root chewed for ulcerated sore throat. Fox Analgesic. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Seeds used to treat severe headache; also, root used to treat stomach cramps. Fox Dermatological aid. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Poultice of stems applied to wounds for healing. . . . . . Fox Gast-intestinal aid. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Root used to treat colic or any kind of stomach cramps. Fox Misc disease remedy. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Infusion of root used to cure erysipelas. . . . . . . . . . . . Gitksan Antirheumatic - Ext. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Poultice of mashed root applied to boils and rheumatic or other swellings. Gitksan Dermatological aid. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Poultice of mashed root applied to boils and rheumatic or other swellings. Iroquois Analgesic. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Compound infusion of plant used as steam bath for rheumatism and headaches. Iroquois Antirheumatic - Ext. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Compound infusion of plant used as steam bath for rheumatism and headaches. Iroquois Dermatological aid. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Compound decoction as wash or poultice applied to chancres or lumps on penis. Iroquois Diaphoretic. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Infusion of plant used as steam bath to sweat out rheumatism and headaches. Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Compound decoction of roots taken for bruises on the back of the stomach. Iroquois Hunting medicine. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Decoction of roots used as wash for rifles; a "hunting medicine." Karok Poison. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Roots are poisonous to cattle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Klamath Unspecified. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, wild Roots used medicinally. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Dried, pounded roots and oil used as a hair ointment. Kwakiutl Gynecological aid. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Dried, pounded roots and oil rubbed on face and waist of girl at puberty. Kwakiutl Pediatric aid. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Dried, pounded roots and oil rubbed on face and waist of girl at puberty. Menominee Witchcraft medicine. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow An evil medicine used by sorcerers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Genera

(37:328) (37:328) (74:81) (74:81) (1:427) (1:425) (1:425) (1:427) (60:61) (60:61) (60:61) (60:61) (60:61) . (3:13) (21:350) (21:342) (62:249) (62:249) (62:249) (62:249) (60:61) (60:61) (37:400) (37:400) (37:400) (37:400) (37:400) (37:400) (58:387) (70:131) (82:276) (82:276) (82:276) (61:55)

Heracleum

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Heracleum maximum Apiaceae

Micmac Misc disease remedy. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Root used to treat smallpox and cholera. . . . . . . . . . N Carrier Dermatological aid. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Poultice of root applied to swellings and bruises. . . . . . . . Ojibwa Dermatological aid. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Poultice of pounded fresh root applied to sores. Okanagan Cathartic. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Decoction of roots taken as a purgative and tonic. Okanagan Tonic. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Decoction of roots taken as a purgative and tonic. Omaha Analgesic. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Decoction of root taken for intestinal pains and as a physic. Omaha Cathartic. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Decoction of root taken for intestinal pains and as a physic. Omaha Gast-intestinal aid. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Decoction of root taken for intestinal pains and as a physic. Paiute Antirheumatic - Ext. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Poultice of mashed root applied for rheumatism. Paiute Cold remedy. HERACLEUM LANATUM Decoction of roots taken for colds. . . . . . . . . Paiute Dermatological aid. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Salve made from root applied to heal wounds. Paiute Dermatological aid. HERACLEUM LANATUM Roots used as a salve for sores. . . . . . . . . . Pawnee Dermatological aid. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Poultice of scraped, boiled root applied to boils. . . . . . . . . Porno Antirheumatic - Ext. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Decoction of plant used as a wash for swellings and rheumatism. Poultice of pounded, raw or heated roots applied to swellings and rheumatism. Porno Dermatological aid. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Decoction of plant used as a wash for swellings and rheumatism. . ...... . Poultice of pounded, raw or heated roots applied to swellings and rheumatism. Quinault Analgesic. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Poultice of warmed leaves applied to sore limbs. . . . . . . . Quinault Orthopedic aid. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Poultice of warmed leaves applied to sore limbs. . . . . . . . S Carrier Insecticide. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Infusion of blossoms rubbed on body to keep off flies and mosquitoes. Sanpoil Dermatological aid. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Pounded root mixed with water used as a hair wash to eliminate dandruff. Sanpoil Eye medicine. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Poultice of roots applied overnight to "painful parts, sore eyes, etc." Sanpoil Other. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Poultice of roots applied overnight to "painful parts, sore eyes, etc." Shoshone Cold remedy. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Decoction of root in whiskey taken, smoke of root compound inhaled for colds. Shoshone Cough medicine. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Decoction of root in whiskey taken for colds and coughs. . . . . . . . Shoshone Throat aid. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Infusion of mashed root gargled and poultice applied for sore throat. Shoshone Toothache remedy. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Raw root placed in cavities to stop toothaches. . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Tuberculosis remedy. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Decoction of root taken to cure tuberculosis. . . . . . . . . . . . Shuswap Dermatological aid. MERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Infusion of roots taken for sores and the bladder. Shuswap Other. MERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Infusion of roots taken to kill all the internal germs. Shuswap Urinary aid. MERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Infusion of roots taken for sores and the bladder. Sikani Analgesic. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Poultice of mashed roots applied to swellings of neuralgia or rheumatism. Sikani Antirheumatic - Ext. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Poultice of mashed roots applied to swellings of neuralgia or rheumatism. Sikani Dermatological aid. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Poultice of mashed roots applied to swellings of neuralgia or rheumatism. Tainarna Inds Unspecified. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Root used as a medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Cathartic. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Decoction of root used as a purgative and tonic. . . . . . . .

Genera

(15:57) (60:61) (63:390) (48:40) (48:40) (30:107) (30:107) (30:107) · (81:85,86) · . (42:197) · (81:85,86) (42:196) (30:107) (27:14) (27:14) (27:14) (27:14) (34:42) (34:42) (60:61) (51:220) (51:220) (51:220) · (81:85,86) · (81:85,86) · (81:85,86) · (81:85,86) · (81:85,86) (47:56) (47:56) (47:56) (60:61) (60:61) (60:61) (59:329) (71:457)

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221

Heracleum

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Heracleum maximum Apiaceae Thompson Ind Cathartic. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Decoction of roots taken as a purgative and tonic. . . . . . . . . . (48:40) Decoction of roots taken by warriors & hunters as a purgative & purifier. (71:504) Thompson Ind Ceremonial medicine. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Decoction of root used ceremonially as a wash for purification. (71:457) Thompson Ind Disinfectant. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Decoction of root used ceremonially as a wash for purification. (71:457) Decoction of roots taken by warriors & hunters as a purgative & purifier. (71:504) Thompson Ind Tonic. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Decoction of root used as a tonic and purgative. . . . . . . . . (71:457) Decoction of roots taken as a purgative and tonic. ..... . (48:40) Thompson Ind Venereal aid. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Strong decoction of root used as a remedy for syphilis. . (71:457) Washoe Antidiarrheal. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Decoction of root taken to stop diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . · (81 :85,86) Washoe Toothache remedy. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Raw root placed in cavities to stop toothaches. ....... . · (81:85,86) Winnebago Anticonvulsive. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Tops used in smoke treatment for fainting and convulsions. (30:107) Winnebago Stimulant. HERACLEUM LANATUM Parsnip, cow Plant tops used in smoke treatment for fainting and convulsions. (30:107) Heracleum lfJJhondylium Apiaceae Micmac Other. Parsnip, rough cow Part of plant considered "good medicine." (15:57) Hermidzum alipes Nyctaginaceae Paiute Analgesic. Four o'clock Decoction of root taken and used as a wash for headaches. · (81:86,87) Decoction of root used as a wash to relieve neuralgia. · (81:86,87) Poultice of crushed fresh leaves applied for headaches. · (81:86,87) Paiute Antiemetic. Four o'clock Decoction of root taken or used as a wash for fainting spells and nausea. · (81 :86,87) Paiute Burn dressing. Four o'clock Dried root powder moistened and used as a salve for burns. · (81 :86,87) Paiute Cathartic. Four o'clock Decoction of root taken as a physic. . ............ . · (81 :86,87) Paiute Dermatological aid. Four o'clock Dried root powder sprinkled on sores or made into a wash for impetigo. · (81:86,87) Poultice of mashed leaves applied to swellings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · (81:86,87) Paiute Psychological aid. Four o'clock Decoction of root used as a wash for "delirium," neuralgia, and dizziness. · (81:86,87) Paiute Stimulant. Four o'clock Decoction of root taken or used as a wash for fainting spells and dizziness. · (81:86,87) Heteranthera reniformis Pontederiaceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Mud plantain Hot poultice of root applied to inflamed wounds and sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (35:45) Heteromeles arbutifolia Rosaceae Mendocino Ind Analgesic. Toyon, common Decoction of leaves taken for various aches and pains. (16:355) Mendocino Ind Gast-intestinal aid. Toyon, common Decoction of leaves taken for stomachaches. . . . . . . (16:355) Heuchera americana Saxifragaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Alumroot (35:23) Taken for dysentery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Dermatological aid. Alumroot Powdered root used on malignant ulcers, and infusion sprinkled on bad sores. (35:23) Root is astringent; infusion taken for bowel complaints. . . . . . . . . . . . . (35:23) Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Alumroot Infusion of root taken for bowel complaints; also, for piles and hemorrhages. (35:23) Cherokee Gynecological aid. Alumroot Used for "immoderate flow of menses." ..................... . (35:23) Cherokee Hemorrhoid remedy. Alumroot Infusion of root taken for bowel complaints; also, for piles and hemorrhages. (35:23) Cherokee Oral aid. Alumroot Infusion used for "thrash" & sore mouth; root chewed to take coat off tongue .. (35:23) Chickasaw Dermatological aid. Geranium, rock Root used as a powerful astringent; also, root used as a tonic. (9:286,287) Chickasaw Tonic. Geranium, rock Root used as a powerful astringent; also, root used as a tonic. (9:286,287) Choctaw Dermatological aid. Geranium, rock Root used as a powerful astringent; also, root used as a tonic. (9:286,287)

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Genera

Heuchera

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Heuchera americana Saxifragaceae

Choctaw Tonic. Geranium, rock (9:286,287) Root used as a powerful astringent; also, root used as a tonic. Creek Dermatological aid. Geranium, rock (9:286,287) Root used as a powerful astringent; also, root used as a tonic. Creek Tonic. Geranium, rock (9:286,287) Root used as a powerful astringent; also, root used as a tonic. Fox Dermatological aid. Alumroot (62:246) Foliage used as an astringent to heal sores. Fox Panacea. Alumroot (62:246) Compound containing root used as a "healer." Menominee Analgesic. Alumroot, American (22:130) Compound decoction of root used to treat stomach pain. Menominee Gast-intestinal aid. Alumroot, American (22:130) Raw root eaten for "disordered stomach." . . . . . . . . . Heuchera cylindrica Saxifragaceae Shuswap Antidiarrheal. Alumroot (47:68) Decoction of leaves and roots taken for diarrhea. Shuswap Dermatological aid. Alumroot (47:68) Decoction of leaves and roots used as a wash for sores. Heuchera hispida Saxifragaceae Chippewa Analgesic. Alumroot (21:344) Dried root chewed and juice swallowed for stomach pain. Chippewa Eye medicine. Alumroot (21:360) Decoction of root used as a wash for sore eyes. . . . . . . Chippewa Gast-intestinal aid. Alumroot (21:344) Dried root chewed and juice swallowed for stomach pain. Menominee Antidiarrheal. Heuchera, rough (61:53) Infusion of root used to stop diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . Teton Sioux Antidiarrheal. Alumroot Root used to treat chronic diarrhea; very powerful, small dose for children. (20:269) Heuchera micrantha Saxifragaceae Skagit Dermatological aid. Alumroot Pounded plants rubbed on hair to make it grow or applied to cuts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (34:31) Heuchera novomexicana Saxifragaceae Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Alumroot Decoction of root taken as needed for internal pain. (84:29) Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Alumroot Poultice of split root applied to infected sores and swellings. (84:29) Navaho-Ramah Disinfectant. Alumroot Poultice of split root applied to infected sores and swellings. (84:29) Navaho-Ramah Orthopedic aid. Alumroot Poultice of split root applied to infected sores, swellings, and fractures. (84:29) Navaho-Ramah Other. Alumroot (84:29) Plant used as "life medicine." Heuchera ovoli/olia Saxifragaceae Cheyenne Antirheumatic - Ext. (33:176) Infusion of roots taken or powdered roots rubbed on the skin for rheumatism. Cheyenne Antirheumatic - Int. (33:176) Infusion of roots taken or powdered roots rubbed on the skin for rheumatism. Cheyenne Dermatological aid. Alumroot (36:38) Poultice of powdered roots applied for posion ivy and other skin rashes. Cheyenne Orthopedic aid. (33:176) Infusion of roots taken or powdered roots rubbed on skin for sore muscles. Heuchera parviftora Saxifragaceae Blackfeet Dermatological aid. Alumroot Poultice of pounded root applied to sores and swellings. · . (45:274) Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. HEUCHERA PARVIFOLIA t Alumroot Decoction of root taken for stomachache. . . . . . . . . . · (84:29,30) Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. HEUCHERA PARVIFOLIA t Alumroot Decoction of root taken for stomachache. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · (84:29,30) Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. HEUCHERA PARVIFOLIA t Alumroot Decoction of split root taken to ease delivery of placenta. · (84:29,30) Navaho-Ramah Other. HEUCHERA PARVIFOLIA t Alumroot Root used as "life medicine." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · (84:29,30) Navaho-Ramah Venereal aid. HEUCHERA PARVIFOLIA t Alumroot Infusion of root used as a lotion for venereal disease. · (84:29,30) Heuchera parvi/olia Saxifragaceae Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. (91:25) Plant used for rat bites.

Genera

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223

Heuchera

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Heuchera rubescens Saxifragaceae Gosiute Dermatological aid. Alumroot Decoction of roots used as an astringent. . . . . . . . . . (14:371) Gosiute Gast-intestinal aid. Alumroot (14:371) Decoction of roots used for colic in babies and children. Gosiute Pediatric aid. Alumroot Decoction of roots used for colic in babies and children. (14:371) Paiute Eye medicine. Alumroot Infusion of root used as an eyewash. . . . . . . . · (81:87,88) Paiute Venereal aid. Alumroot Decoction of root taken to cure venereal disease. · (81:87,88) Shoshone Antidiarrheal. Alumroot Infusion of root taken to stop diarrhea. · (81:87,&8) Shoshone Febrifuge. Alumroot Decoction of root taken to reduce high fevers. · (81:87,88) Shoshone Heart medicine. Alumroot Decoction of root taken for heart trouble. .. · (81:87,88) Shoshone Liver aid. Alumroot Infusion of roots taken to relieve liver trouble or biliousness. · (81:87,88) Shoshone Tonic. Alumroot Decoction of root taken as a tonic for general debility. · (81:87,88) Shoshone Venereal aid. Alumroot Decoction of root taken to cure venereal disease. · (81:87,88) Shoshone Veterinary aid. Alumroot Mashed, boiled leaves used as a wash for horses' saddle sores. · (81:87,88) Soaked roots given to horses and cows for cramps. . . . . . . · (81:87,88) Heuchera sp. Saxifragaceae Chippewa Antidiarrheal. Alumroot Compound decoction of root taken for dysentery. (21:344) Chippewa Gast-intestinal aid. Alumroot Compound decoction of root taken for indigestion. (21:342) Chippewa Oral aid. Alumroot Compound decoction of root used as mouthwash for teething children. (21:342) Chippewa Pediatric aid. Alumroot Compound decoction of root used as mouthwash for teething children. (21:342) Gosiute Cathartic. Plant used as a purgative for intestinal disorders of babies and adults. (14:350) Gosiute Gast-intestinal aid. Pfant used as a purgative for intestinal disorders of babies and adults. (14:350) Gosiute Pediatric aid. Plant used as a purgative for intestinal disorders of babies and adults. (14:350) Navaho Gast-intestinal aid. HEUCHERA BRACTEATA Alumroot Plant chewed for indigestion. . . . . . . . . . . . . (23:52) Navaho Oral aid. HEUCHERA BRACTEATA Alumroot Plant chewed to relieve sore gums. . . . . . . . . (23:52) Navaho Toothache remedy. HEUCHERA BRACTEATA Alumroot Compound poultice of crushed leaves applied to toothaches. (23:52) Tlingit Venereal aid. HEUCHERA DEVARICATA Alumroot Plant used to treat inflammation of testicles from syphilis. (43:284) Hibiscus palustris Malvaceae Shinnecock Urinary aid. Marshmallow, wild Infusion of dried stalks applied for inflammation of the bladder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (11:120) Hieracium fendleri Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Diuretic. Hawkweed Cold infusion of plant taken by hunters for anuria. (84:52) Navaho-Ramah Hunting medicine. Hawkweed Leaves chewed for good luck in hunting. . . . . . . (84:52) Hieracium piJosella Asteraceae Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Hawkweed Infusion of plants taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:480) Hierac%um scabrum Asteraceae Rappahannock Antidiarrheal. Hawkweed Infusion of leaves taken or chewed for diarrhea. (69:27) Hieracium sp. Asteraceae Iroquois Dermatological aid. Poultice of roots applied to sores close to the bone. (37:480) Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Decoction of plants taken for consumption. (37:480) Thompson Ind Unspecified. Hawkweed Root used as a charm for unspecified purpose. (71:506)

224

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Genera

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Hieracium

Table 1: Genera - Hieracium venosum Asteraceae

Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Hawkweed Compound infusion of root given for bowel complaints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (35:37) Hierochloe occidentalis Poaceae Karok Gynecological aid. TORRESIA MACROPHYLLA Grass, California vanilla Infusion of plant taken by women after miscarriage or to arrest fetus growth. (58:380) Karok Veterinary aid. TORRESIA MACROPHYLLA Grass, California vanilla Plant given to sick dogs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (58:380) Hierochloe odorata Poaceae Blackfeet Ceremonial medicine. SAVASTANA ODORATA Grass, vanilla Plant burned as ceremonial incense. . . . . . . . . . (45:273,274) Cheyenne Ceremonial medicine. Grass, sweet Plant used as a ceremonial incense for purification. (36:9) Cheyenne Witchcraft medicine. Grass, sweet Plant burned in homes to prevent evil. .. . . . (36:9) Dakota Ceremonial medicine. SAVASTANA ODORATA Grass Plant used in propitiatory rites. . . . . . . . . . (29:359) Dakota Ceremonial medicine. SAVASTANA ODORATA Grass, sweet Plant used as incense in ceremony to invoke good powers & in peace ceremony. (30:66) Omaha Ceremonial medicine. SAVASTANA ODORATA Grass, sweet Plant used as incense in ceremony to invoke good powers & in peace ceremony. (30:66) Omaha Ceremonial medicine. SAVASTANA ODORATA Plant used in various rituals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (28:322) Pawnee Ceremonial medicine. SAVASTANA ODORATA Grass, sweet Plant used as incense in ceremony to invoke good powers & in peace ceremony. (30:66) Ponca Ceremonial medicine. SAVASTANA ODORATA Grass, sweet Plant used as incense in ceremony to invoke good powers & in peace ceremony. (30:66) Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Infusion or decoction of plant used as a wash for the hair and body. . . . . . . (71:476) Winnebago Ceremonial medicine. SAVASTANA ODORATA Grass, sweet Plant used as incense in ceremony to invoke good powers & in peace ceremony. (30:66) Hilaria jamesii Poaceae Navaho-Ramah Dietary aid. Grass, galleta Cold infusion given to babies to make them ''want to eat a lot." (84:16) Navaho-Ramah Pediatric aid. Grass, galleta Cold infusion given to babies to make them ''want to eat a lot." (84:16) Hoffmanseggia jamesii Fabaceae Zuni Veterinary aid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (72:54) Infusion of plant given to sheep to make them "prolific." HolodiscU8 discolor Rosaceae Chehalis Misc disease remedy. Ocean spray Infusion of seeds taken for smallpox, black measles and chicken pox. (34:33) Lummi Antidiarrheal. Ocean spray Blossoms used for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . (34:33) Lummi Eye medicine. Ocean spray Infusion of inner bark used as a eye wash. (34:33) Lummi Oral aid. Ocean spray Poultice of leaves applied to sore lips. (34:33) Lummi Orthopedic aid. Ocean spray Poultice of leaves applied to sore feet. (34:33) Makah Tonic. Ocean spray Decoction of bark taken as a tonic by convalescents and athletes. (34:33) Paiute Antidiarrheal. Spiraea, rock Decoction of root taken to stop diarrhea. . (81:88,89) Paiute Cold remedy. Spiraea, rock Decoction of stems taken to cure colds. . (81:88,89) Paiute Gast-intestinal aid. Spiraea, rock Decoction of root taken for stomach disorders. . (81:88,89) Sanpoil Dermatological aid. Ocean spray Powder of dried leaves used for healing sores. . . . (51:221) Shoshone Disinfectant. Spiraea, rock Decoction of leaves, flowers, and stems used as an antiseptic wash. . (81:88,89) Shoshone Emetic. Spiraea, rock Decoction of leaves taken as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . (81:88,89) Shoshone Gast-intestinal aid. Spiraea, rock Decoction of leaves and stems taken for stomachaches. . (81:88,89) Shoshone Unspecified. Spiraea, rock Decoction of leaf, flower and stem taken for illnesses of "undefined cause." . (81:88,89) Shoshone Venereal aid. Spiraea, rock Decoction of leaves or stems taken for venereal disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . (81:88,89)

Genera

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225

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Holodiscus

Table 1: Genera -Holodisc'U8 discolor Rosaceae Squaxin Blood medicine. Ocean spray Seeds used as a blood purifier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (34:33) Holodisc'U8 dumosus Rosaceae Navaho-Ramah Misc disease remedy. HOLODISCUS DISCOLOR t Ocean spray Decoction of leaves taken for influenza. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:31) Hordeum jubatum Poaceae Chippewa Eye medicine. Squirrel tail (21:360) Dry root wrapped & moistened as a compress for sties or inflammation of lid. Navaho-Ramah Poison. Barley, wild (84:16) Plant believed to be poisonous; children are taught to avoid it. . Potawatomi Unspecified. Grass, squirrel tail (64:59) Root used for unspecified ailments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hordeum sp. Poaceae Costanoan Urinary aid. HORDEUM GLAUCUM . (5:30) Decoction of plant used for bladder ailments. Hosta japonica Liliaceae Cherokee Cough medicine. Lily, narrow leaf plantain (35:50) Warm infusion of root taken for coughing and spitting blood. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Lily, narrow leaf plantain (35:50) Leaf rubbed on swollen legs and feet after scratching insect bites. Cherokee Other. Lily, narrow leaf plantain (35:50) Warm infusion of root taken for coughing and spitting blood. Houstonia caendea Rubiaceae Cherokee Urinary aid. Bluets (35:26) Infusion given to stop bedwetting. Houstonia rubm Rubiaceae Navaho-Kayenta Gynecological aid. (91:43) Decoction of plant used for menstrual troubles. Houstonia wrightt¥ Rubiaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. (84:45) Plant used as a ceremonial fumigant for "deer infection." . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. (84:45) Cold compound infusion of plant taken and used as lotion for poison ivy rash .. (84:45) Dried, pulverized root as dusting powder for sores on humans or livestock. Navaho-Ramah Disinfectant. (84:45) Plant used as a ceremonial fumigant for "deer infection." Navaho-Ramah Other. (84:45) Root used as "life medicine." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hudsonia tomentosa Cistaceae Montagnais Blood medicine. Decoction of plant taken by women to "purge the blood." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (66:313) Humulus lupulus Moraceae Cherokee Analgesic. Hop vine (35:39) "Alleviates pain and produces sleep;" also, used for breast & womb problems. Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Hop vine (35:39) Taken for "gravel," inflamed kidneys, & bladder; also, taken for rheumatism. Cherokee Breast treatment. Hop vine (35:39) "Alleviates pain and produces sleep;" also, used for breast & womb problems. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Hop vine (35:39) Used for "breast & female complaints where womb is debilitated." . . . . . . Cherokee Kidney aid. Hop vine (35:39) Taken for "gravel," inflamed kidneys, & bladder; also, taken for .rheumatism. Cherokee Sedative. Hop vine (35:39) "Alleviates pain and produces sleep;" also, used for breast & womb problems. Cherokee Urinary aid. Hop vine (35:39) Taken for "gravel," inflamed kidneys, & bladder; also, taken for rheumatism. Dakota Analgesic. HUMULUS AMERICANA Hop (30:77) Infusion of fruit taken for intestinal pains and for fevers. Dakota Analgesic. (29:362) Decoction of fruits taken for fevers and intestinal pains. Dakota Dermatological aid. HUMULUS AMERICANA Hop (30:77) Simple or compound poultice of chewed root applied to wounds. Dakota Febrifuge. HUMULUS AMERICANA Hop (30:77) Infusion of fruit taken for fevers and for intestinal pains. Dakota Febrifuge. (29:362) Decoction of fruits taken for fevers and intestinal pains. Dakota Gast-intestinal aid. HUMULUS AMERICANA Hop (30:77) Infusion of fruits taken ''to allay fevers and intestinal pains." Dakota Gast-intestinal aid. (29:362) Decoction of fruits taken for fevers and intestinal pains. . . .

226

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Genera

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Humulus

Table 1: Genera - Humulus lupulus Moraceae

Delaware-Okl Ear medicine. Hop Poultice of heated herb in bag applied to relieve earache. · (77:26,76) Delaware-Okl Sedative. Hop Blossoms used in medicine for "nervousness." · (77:26,76) Delaware-Okl Stimulant. Hop Infusion of plant taken as a tonic and stimulant. · (77:26,76) Delaware-Okl Tonic. Hop (77:26) Infusion of plant taken as a "tonic-stimulant." Delaware-Okl Toothache remedy. Hop Poultice of heated herb in bag applied to relieve toothache. · (77:26,76) Fox Sedative. Hop Root used to cure insomnia. (62:250) Mohegan Analgesic. Hop (78:130) Blossoms used to treat pain. Mohegan Ear medicine. Hop (76:266) Blossom infusion for nerves; dried blossoms applied to toothache & earache. Mohegan Other. Hop (11:120) Used in making "nerve medicine." Mohegan Sedative. Hop Blossom infusion for nerves; dried blossoms applied to toothache & earache. (76:266) Infusion of blossoms taken to relieve nervous tension. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (78:72,130) Mohegan Toothache remedy. Hop Blossom infusion for nerves; dried blossoms applied to toothache & earache. (76:266) Navaho-Ramah Cough medicine. HUMULUS AMERICANUS Hop (84:22) Plant used for influenza or bad cough. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Hunting medicine. HUMULUS AMERICAN US Hop (84:22) Plant used as a "big medicine" for "good luck" in hunting. Navaho-Ramah Misc disease remedy. HUMULUS AMERICANUS Hop (84:22) Plant used for influenza or bad cough. . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Witchcraft medicine. HUMULUS AMERICANUS Hop Plant used for protection against witches. . . . . . . . . . (84:22) Ojibwa Diuretic. Hop Infusion of herb taken as a diuretic; also, reduces acidity of urine. (63:391) Omaha Dermatological aid. Hop vine Root used to heal wounds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (25:584) Round Valley Dermatological aid. (16:344) Poultice of soaked hops applied to swellings and bruises. Shinnecock Other. Hop (11:120) Used in making "nerve medicine;" also, used as a poultice for pneumonia. Shinnecock Pulmonary aid. Hop (11:120) Poultice of dried hops heated in a cloth bag applied for pneumonia. Hybanthus concolor Violaceae Iroquois Veterinary aid. Violet, green Infusion of roots and stems mixed with feed for mare with injured fetus. . . . . . . . . . . . (37:386) Hydrangea arborescens Saxifragaceae Cherokee Abortifacient. Sevenbark (35:54) Compound infusion taken for menstrual period. . . . . . . Cherokee Antiemetic. HYDRANGEA CINEREA Hydrangea, ashy (79:25) Infusion of bark scrapings taken for vomiting bile. . . . . . Cherokee Antiemetic. Sevenbark (35:54) Used as an antiemetic; cold infusion of bark as antiemetic for children. Cherokee Burn dressing. Sevenbark (35:54) Used for ulcers; poultice of scraped bark used for burns and "risings." Cherokee Cancer treatment. Seven bark (35:54) Used for tumors; used for sprains, & as poultice for sore or swollen muscles. Cherokee Cathartic. Hydrangea, wild (79:25) Infusion of roots taken as an emetic and cathartic by women during menses. Cherokee Cathartic. Sevenbark (35:54) Used as an antiseptic, an antiemetic, and a purgative. . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Dermatological aid. Sevenbark (35:54) Used for ulcers; poultice of scraped bark used for burns and "risings." Cherokee Disinfectant. Sevenbark (35:54) Used as an antiseptic, an antiemetic, and a purgative. . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Emetic. Hydrangea, wild (79:25) Infusion of roots taken as an emetic and cathartic by women during menses. Cherokee Emetic. Sevenbark (35:54) Infusion of bark given to induce vomiting to "throw off disordered bile." Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Sevenbark (35:54) Bark chewed for stomach trouble and for high blood pressure. . . . . . .

Genera

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227

Hydrangea

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Hydrangea arborescens Saxifragaceae

Cherokee Gynecological aid. Hydrangea, wild Infusion of roots taken as an emetic and cathartic by women during menses. (79:25) Cherokee Hypotensive. Sevenbark Bark chewed for stomach trouble and for high blood pressure. (35:54) Cherokee Liver aid. HYDRANGEA CINEREA Hydrangea, ashy Infusion of bark scrapings taken for vomiting bile. . . . . . . . . (79:25) Cherokee Liver aid. Sevenbark Infusion of bark given to induce vomiting to "throw off disordered bile." (35:54) Cherokee Orthopedic aid. Sevenbark Used for tumors; used for sprains, & as poultice for sore or swollen muscles. (35:54) Cherokee Pediatric aid. Sevenbark Used as an antiemetic; cold infusion of bark as antiemetic for children. (35:54) Cherokee Stimulant. Sevenbark Inner bark and leaves used as a stimulant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (35:54) Delaware-Ok! Other. HYDRANGA ABORESCENS Sevenbark Root combined with root of iris versicolor used to treat gallstones. . (77:30,76) Hydrastis canadensis Ranunculaceae Cherokee Cancer treatment. Golden seal Used for cancer, "general debility," "dyspepsy," and to improve appetite. (35:36) Cherokee Dermatological aid. Golden seal Used as a tonic; also, as a wash for local inflammations. . . . . . . . . . . . (35:36) Cherokee Dietary aid. Golden seal Used for cancer, "general debility," "dyspepsy," and to improve appetite. (35:36) Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Golden seal Used for cancer, "general debility," "dyspepsy," and to improve appetite. (35:36) Cherokee Stimulant. Golden seal Used for cancer, general debility, dyspepsy, and to improve appetite. (35:36) Cherokee Tonic. Golden seal Used as a tonic; also, as a wash for local inflammations. .. (35:36) Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Golden seal Decoction of roots taken for whooping cough and diarrhea. (37:324) Iroquois Carminative. Golden seal Infusion of powdered root taken for liver trouble, fever, sour stomach & gas. . (37:324) Iroquois Ear medicine. Golden seal Compound infusion with roots used as drops for earaches. (37:324) Iroquois Emetic. Golden seal Infusion of roots taken as an emetic for biliousness. . . . . (37:324) Iroquois Eye medicine. Golden seal Compound decoction of plants taken for scrofula; used as drops for sore eyes. (37:324) Iroquois Febrifuge. Golden seal Infusion or decoction of roots taken for fevers and pneumonia. . . . . . . . . . (37:324) Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Golden seal Infusion of powdered root taken for liver trouble, fever, sour stomach & gas. . (37:324) Iroquois Heart medicine. Golden seal (37:324) Infusion of roots with whisky taken for heart trouble or run down system. . Iroquois Liver aid. Golden seal Infusion of powdered root taken for liver trouble, gall, sour stomach & gas. (37:324) Iroquois Pulmonary aid. Golden seal (37:324) Infusion or decoction of roots taken for fevers and pneumonia. . . . . . . . Iroquois Stimulant. Golden seal Infusion of roots with whisky taken for heart trouble or run down system. (37:324) Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Golden seal Infusion or decoction of plants taken for tuberculosis, especially scrofula. (37:324) Micmac Dermatological aid. Gold root Root used to treat chapped or cut lips. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (15:57) Hydrophyllum canadense Hydrophyllaceae Iroquois Antidote. Waterleaf, broad leaved Compound infusion of roots taken as antidote for poisons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:420) Hydrophyllum virginianum Hydrophyllaceae Iroquois Oral aid. Waterleaf, Virginia Decoction or chewed roots used as wash for cracked lips and mouth sores. (37:420) Menominee Analgesic. Waterleaf, Virginia Compound decoction of root used to treat chest pain. (22:130) Menominee Antidiarrheal. Waterleaf, Virginia Root used as a remedy for flux, as it is astringent. (61:37) Ojibwa Antidiarrheal. Waterleaf, Virginia Root used "to keep flux in check;" good for man, woman, or child. (63:371) Ojibwa Pediatric aid. Waterleaf, Virginia Root used to "keep flux in check;" good for man, woman, or child. (63:371)

228

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Genera

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Hymenopappus

Table 1: Genera - Hymenopappus lugens Asteraceae Hopi Ceremonial medicine. Compound containing plant used as a ceremonial emetic. (88:97) Hopi Emetic. (88:97) Compound containing plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Hopi Toothache remedy. · (88:33,97) Root chewed for decaying teeth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. (91:48) Poultice of plant applied to sores caused by bird infections. Navaho-Kayenta Other. (91:48) Plant used for illness caused by lunar eclipse. ....... . Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. (84:52) Infusion or decoction of plant taken & as lotion for arrow or bullet wound. Hymenopappus ffJi. Asteraceae Navaho Blood medicine. HVMENOPAPPUS NUDATUS (23:88) Decoction of whole plant taken for blood poisoning. Navaho-Ramah Cough medicine. HYMENOPAPPUS FILIFOLIUS (84:52) Decoction of plant taken for cough. . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Other. HYMENOPAPPUS FILIFOLIUS (84:52) Cold infusion of root used as "life medicine." Zuni Dermatological aid. HYMENOPAPPUS FILIFOLIUS · (72:54,55) Poultice of chewed root with lard applied to swellings. Zuni Emetic. HYMENOPAPPUS FILIFOLIUS · (72:54,55) Warm decoction of root taken as an emetic. . . . . . . Hymenoxys acaulis Asteraceae Hopi Analgesic. ACTINEA ACAULIS Poultice of plant applied for hip and back pain, especially in pregnancy. · (88:33,94) Hopi Gynecological aid. ACTINEA ACAULIS Poultice of plant applied for hip and back pain, especially in pregnancy. · (88:35,94) Hopi Orthopedic aid. ACTINEA ACAULIS (88:94) Poultice of plant applied to pain in hip & back, especially during pregnancy.. Hopi Stimulant. ACTINEA ACAULIS · (88:31,94) Plant used to make a stimulating drink. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hymenoxys argentea Asteraceae Navaho-Kayenta Ceremonial medicine. ACTINEA LEPTOCLADA (91:44) Plant used in special ceremony for illness caused by lunar eclipse. Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. ACTINEA ARGENTEA (91:44) Plant used as a lotion for eczema. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Other. ACTINEA LEPTOCLADA (91:44) Plant used in special ceremony for illness caused by lunar eclipse. Navaho-Kayenta Psychological aid. ACTINEA ARGENTEA (91:44) Plant used for dreaming of being bitten by an "alligator." Navaho-Ramah Disinfectant. ACTINEA ARGENTEA (84:47) Plant used to treat "coyote infection." . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. ACTINEA ARGENTEA (84:47) Plant used for heartburn. . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Other. ACTINEA ARGENTEA (84:47) Plant used as "life medicine." Navaho-Ramah Witchcraft medicine. ACTINEA ARGENTEA (84:47) Plant used for protection from witches. . . . . . . . . Hymenoxys richardsoni Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. ACTINEA RICHARDSONI Pingue Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:47) Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. ACTINEA RICHARDSONI Pingue Decoction of plant taken and used as lotion for red ant bites. (84:47) Navaho-Ramah Emetic. ACTINEA RICHARDSON I Pingue Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:47) Hymenoxys scaposa Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. ACTINEA SCAPOSA Cold infusion taken and used as lotion for emergency treatment of injuries. (84:47) Navaho-Ramah Other. ACTINEA SCAPOSA Cold infusion taken and used as lotion for emergency treatment of injuries. (84:47) Zuni Eye medicine. TETRANEURIS SCAPOSA Infusion of plant used as an eyewash; not for persons with "bad heart." . (72:60,61) Hypericum ellipticum Clusiaceae Iroquois Abortifacient. St. John's wort, pale Decoction of stems taken after the remedy for the suppression of menses. . . . . . . . . . . (37:386) Hypericum gentianoides Clusiaceae Cherokee Abortifacient. Piney weed Compound decoction taken "to promote menstruation." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (35:53)

Genera

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229

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Hypericum

Table 1: Genera - Hypericum gentianoides Clusiaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Piney weed Infusion taken for bloody flux and for bowel complaint. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Piney weed Milky substance rubbed on sores; also, used for venereal disease. Cherokee Febrifuge. Piney weed Infusion taken for fever; also, crushed plant sniffed for nosebleed. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Piney weed Infusion taken for bloody flux and for bowel complaint. Cherokee Hemostat. Piney weed Infusion taken for fever; also, crushed plant sniffed for nosebleed. Cherokee Pediatric aid. Piney weed Infusion of root used as wash to give infants strength. . . . . . . Cherokee Snake bite remedy. Piney weed Root chewed, a portion swallowed, and rest used as poultice for snake bite. Cherokee Strengthener. Piney weed Infusion of root used as wash to give infants strength. . . . . . . Cherokee Venereal aid. Piney weed Milky substance rubbed on sores; also, used for venereal disease. Hypericum hypericoides Clusiaceae Cherokee Abortifacient. St. Andrew's Cross Compound decoction taken "to promote menstruation." Cherokee Antidiarrheal. St. Andrew's Cross Infusion taken for bloody flux and for bowel complaint. Cherokee Dermatological aid. St. Andrew's Cross Milky substance rubbed on sores; also, used for venereal disease. Cherokee Febrifuge. St. Andrew's Cross Infusion taken for fever; also, crushed plant sniffed for nosebleed. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. St. Andrew's Cross Infusion taken for bloody flux and for bowel complaint. Cherokee Hemostat. St. Andrew's Cross Infusion taken for fever; also, crushed plant sniffed for nosebleed. Cherokee Pediatric aid. St. Andrew's Cross Infusion of root used as wash to give infants strength. . . . . . . Cherokee Snake bite remedy. St. Andrew's Cross Root chewed, a portion swallowed, and rest used as poultice for snake bite. Cherokee Strengthener. St. Andrew's Cross Infusion of root used as wash to give infants strength. . . . . . . Cherokee Venereal aid. St. Andrew's Cross Milky substance rubbed on sores; also, used for venereal disease. Hypericum perfomtum Clusiaceae Cherokee Abortifacient. St. John's wort Compound decoction taken "to promote menstruation." Cherokee Antidiarrheal. St. John's wort Infusion taken for bloody flux and for bowel complaint. Cherokee Dermatological aid. St. John's wort Milky substance rubbed on sores; also, used for venereal disease. Cherokee Febrifuge. St. John's wort Infusion taken for fever; also, crushed plant sniffed for nosebleed. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. St. John's wort Infusion taken for bloody flux and for bowel complaint. Cherokee Hemostat. St. John's wort Infusion taken for fever; also, crushed plant sniffed for nosebleed. Cherokee Other. St. John's wort Infusion of root used as wash to give infants strength. . . . . . . Cherokee Snake bite remedy. St. John's wort Root chewed, a portion swallowed, and rest used as poultice for snake bite. Cherokee Strengthener. St. John's wort Infusion of root used as wash to give infants strength. . . . . . . Cherokee Venereal aid. St. John's wort Milky substance rubbed on sores; also, used for venereal disease. Iroquois Febrifuge. St. John's wort Plant used for fevers. No preparation or application indicated. . Iroquois Reproductive aid. St. John's wort Roots used to prevent sterility. No preparation or application indicated. Montagnais Cough medicine. HYPERICIUM PERFORATUM St. John's wort Decoction of plant used as a cough medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hypericum punctatum Clusiaceae Fox Unspecified. St. John's wort, dotted Compound containing root used as a medicine, but no specific use noted. . . . . . . . . . .

230

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Genera

(35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (37:385) (37:385) (66:314) (62:223)

Hypericum

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Hypericum pyramidatum Clusiaceae

Fox Snake bite remedy. HYPERICUM ASCYRON St. John's wort, great Powder of boiled root applied to draw poison and heal water moccasin bite. (62:223) Fox Tuberculosis remedy. HYPERICUM ASCYRON St. John's wort, great (62:223) Compound containing root used to cure consumption in the first stages. Menominee Kidney aid. HYPERICUM ASCYRON St. John's wort, great Compounded with blackcap raspberry root and used for kidney troubles. · (61:37,38) Menominee Pulmonary aid. HYPERICUM ASCYRON St. John's wort, great Compound containing root used for weak lungs; a specific for consumption. · (61:37,38) Menominee Tuberculosis remedy. HYPERICUM ASCYRON St. John's wort, great Root used in the first stages of consumption; thought to be a "specific." · (61:37,38) Hypericum sp. Clusiaceae Paiute Analgesic. HYPERICUM SCOULERI St. John's wort (81:89) Decoction of plant used as a bath for aching feet. Paiute Orthopedic aid. HYPERICUM SCOULERI St. John's wort Decoction of plant used as a bath for aching feet. (81:89) Shoshone Analgesic. HYPERICUM SCOULERI St. John's wort Decoction of plant used as a bath for aching feet. (81:89) Shoshone Dermatological aid. HYPERICUM SCOULERI St. John's wort Plant used several ways as a poultice for sores, swellings, wounds, and cuts. (81:89) Shoshone Orthopedic aid. HYPERICUM SCOULERI St. John's wort Decoction of plant used as a bath for aching feet. . . . . . . . . . (81:89) Shoshone Toothache remedy. HYPERICUM SCOULERI St. John's wort Dried root used in unspecified manner for toothache. . . . . . . . (81:89) Shoshone Venereal aid. HYPERICUM SCOULERI St. John's wort (81:89) Infusion of tops taken over a long period of time for venereal disease. Hypericum stragalum Clusiaceae Alabama Antidiarrheal. ASCYRUM MULTICAULE St. Peter's wort (75:664) Decoction of whole plant taken for dysentery. . ....... . Alabama Eye medicine. ASCYRUM MULTICAULE St. Peter's wort Infusion of plant used as eyewash. . . . . .. . ....... . (75:664) Hypericum virginicum Clusiaceae Potawatomi Febrifuge. St. John's wort, marsh Infusion of leaves used to cure fevers. . . (64:60) Hypoxis hir8Uta Amaryllidaceae Cherokee Heart medicine. Stargrass, yellow Infusion taken for the heart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (35:57) Hyssopus officinalis Lamiaceae Cherokee Abortifacient. Hyssop Infusion taken for fevers; also, to "bring on menses." . . . . . . . (35:40) Cherokee Cold remedy. Hyssop Syrup taken for colds and coughs; also, infusion taken for fevers. (35:40) Cherokee Cough medicine. Hyssop Syrup taken for colds and coughs; also, infusion taken for fevers. (35:40) Cherokee Febrifuge. Hyssop (35:40) Infusion taken for fevers; also, to "bring on menses." Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Hyssop (35:40) Syrup taken for "asthma and other lung and breast diseases." Cherokee Respiratory aid. Hyssop (35:40) Syrup taken for "asthma and other lung and breast diseases." flex opaca Aquifoliaceae Alabama Eye medicine. Holly, American (79:37) Decoction of bark used as a wash for sore eyes. Catawba Dermatological aid. Holly (67:188) Infusion of leaves taken for measles and sores. Catawba Misc disease remedy. Holly (67:188) Infusion of leaves taken for measles and sores. Catawba Misc disease remedy. Holly, American (79:37) Decoction of leaves taken for measles. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Holly, American Berries chewed for "colics" and "dyspepsia." (35:38) Berries used for colics. . . . . . . . . . . . (90:74) Cherokee Orthopedic aid. Holly, American (35:38) Leaves used to scratch cramped muscles. Choctaw Eye medicine. Holly, American (79:37) Decoction of leaves used as drops for sore eyes. Koasati Dermatological aid. Holly, American (79:37) Infusion of bark rubbed on areas affected by itching. flex sp. Aquifoliaceae Alabama Eye medicine. Holly Decoction of inner bark used as eyewash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (75:665)

Genera

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231

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Hex

Table 1: Genera - Rex Bp. Aquifoliaceae Micmac Cough medicine. ILEX AQUIFOLIUM Holly, mountain Root used to treat gravel; also, used for consumption and for cough. Micmac Febrifuge. ILEX AQUIFOLIUM Holly, mountain Part of plant used to treat fevers; also, root used to treat consumption. Micmac Tuberculosis remedy. ILEX AQUIFOLIUM Holly, mountain Root used to treat gravel; also, used for consumption and for cough. Micmac Urinary aid. ILEX AQUIFOLIUM Holly, mountain Root used to treat gravel; also, used for consumption and for cough. Rex verticillata Aquifoliaceae Iroquois Cathartic. Alder, black Decoction of bark taken as an emetic or physic. Iroquois Emetic. Alder, black Decoction of bark taken as an emetic or physic. Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Alder, black Plant taken for biliousness. No preparation indicated. Taken for biliousness. No preparation indicated. Iroquois Other. Alder, black Taken to retain vigor. No preparation indicated. Iroquois Psychological aid. Alder, black Decoction of bark taken as an emetic for craziness. Iroquois Respiratory aid. Alder, black Compound decoction of roots taken for hay fever. Ojibwa Antidiarrheal. Winter berry Bark used to treat diarrhea. Rex vomitoria Aquifoliaceae Alabama Ceremonial medicine. Cassine Plant taken to "clear out the system and produce ceremonial purity." Alabama Emetic. Cassena Decoction of toasted leaves taken as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Diaphoretic. ILEX CAS SINE Cassine, dahoon Infusion, "black drink," causes sweating, to purify physically and morally. Cherokee Emetic. Cassena Infusion of leaves taken as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Emetic. Yaupon, southern Strong decoction called "black drink" induces vomiting for purification. Cherokee Hallucinogen. Yaupon, southern Used to "evoke ecstasies." . . . . . . . Cherokee Kidney aid. Yaupon, southern Used for "dropsy and gravel." Cherokee Urinary aid. ILEX CASSINE Cassine, dahoon Plant prepared in unspecified manner and taken for "dropsy and gravel." Creek Cathartic. Cassine "Black drink" used to "clear out the system." Creek Emetic. Cassena Decoction of leaves and shoots taken an an emetic. Natchez Emetic. Cassena Plant used as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Impatiens capensis Balsaminaceae Cherokee Ceremonial medicine. Touch me not, spotted Used as an ingredient in green corn medicine. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Touch me not, spotted Juice rubbed on "ivy poisoning;" also, infusion of root for babies' hives. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Touch me not, spotted Crushed leaves rubbed on "child's sour stomach." . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Gynecological aid. IMPATIENS BIFLORA Touch me not, spotted Decoction of stems taken to ease childbirth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Gynecological aid. Touch me not, spotted Decoction taken orally and used to "bathe private parts" to aid in delivery. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Touch me not, spotted Infusion of leaf taken for measles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Pediatric aid. Touch me not, spotted Infusion of root for babies' "bold hives;" leaves for "child's sour stomach." Chippewa Dermatological aid. IMPATIENS BIFLORA Jewelweed, spotted Poultice of bruised stems applied to rashes or other skin troubles. . . . . Fox Dermatological aid. IMPATIENS BIFLORA Touch me not, spotted Poultice of fresh plant applied to cure sores; juice used for nettle stings. Iroquois Dermatological aid. IMPATIENS BIFLORA Touch me not, spotted Compound decoction of plants taken and used as a wash for liverspots. Iroquois Diuretic. IMPATIENS BIFLORA Touch me not, spotted Infusion of roots taken to increase urination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

232

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Genera

(15:57) (15:57) (15:57) (15:57) (37:373) (37:373) · (37:373) · (37:373) · (37:373) · (37:373) (37:374) (63:355) (75:666) (79:38) (35:12,62) · (79:38) (35:12,62) . (35:12,62) (35:12,62) (35:12,62) (75:666) (79:38) (79:38) (35:41) (35:41) (35:41) (79:40) (35:41) (35:41) (35:41) · (31:136) (62:205) (37:380) (37:380)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Impatiens

Table 1: Genera - Impatiens capensis Balsaminaceae

Iroquois Eye medicine. IMPATIENS BIFLORA Touch me not, spotted Poultice of smashed stems applied to sore or raw eyelids. Iroquois Febrifuge. IMPATIENS BIFLORA Touch me not, spotted Cold infusion of plants taken for fevers. . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Kidney aid. IMPATIENS BIFLORA Touch me not, spotted Decoction of plants taken for kidney problems and dropsy. Iroquois Liver aid. IMPATIENS BIFLORA Touch me not, spotted Compound decoction of plants taken and used as a wash for liverspots. Iroquois Other. IMPATIENS BIFLORA Touch me not, spotted Decoction of plants taken for stricture or for difficult urination. Iroquois Urinary aid. IMPATIENS BIFLORA Touch me not, spotted Decoction of plants taken for stricture or for difficult urination. Micmac Liver aid. IMPATIENS BIFLORA Touch me not Herbs used to treat jaundice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mohegan Burn dressing. IMPATIENS BIFLORA Balsam Compound of balsam buds and rum used as ointment for burns, cuts, & bruises. Poultice of crushed flower buds applied to cuts, burns, and bruises. . . . . . . . . Mohegan Dermatological aid. IMPATIENS BIFLORA Balsam Compound of balsam buds and rum used as ointment for burns, cuts, & bruises. Poultice of crushed flower buds applied to cuts, burns, and bruises. . . . . . . . . Mohegan Orthopedic aid. IMPATIENS BIFLORA Balsam Compound of balsam buds and rum used as ointment for burns, cuts, & bruises. Nanticoke Burn dressing. IMPATIENS BIFLORA Balsam Compound of balsam buds and rum used as ointment for burns, cuts, & bruises. Nanticoke Burn dressing. IMPATIENS BIFLORA Jewelweed Infusion of plant taken and poultice of leaves applied to burns. . . . . . . . . . . . Nanticoke Dermatological aid. IMPATIENS BIFLORA Balsam Compound of balsam buds and rum used as ointment for burns, cuts, & bruises. Nanticoke Orthopedic aid. IMPATIENS BIFLORA Balsam Compound of balsam buds and rum used as ointment for burns, cuts, & bruises. Ojibwa Analgesic. IMPATIENS BIFLORA Touch me not, spotted Juice of fresh plant rubbed on head to cure a headache. Ojibwa Unspecified. IMPATIENS BIFLORA Touch me not, spotted Infusion of leaves used medicinally for unspecified purpose. Omaha Dermatological aid. IMPATIENS BIFLORA Touch me not, wild Poultice of crushed stems and leaves applied to skin for rash and eczema. Penobscot Burn dressing. IMPATIENS BIFLORA Balsam Compound of balsam buds and rum used as ointment for burns, cuts, & bruises. Penobscot Dermatological aid. IMPATIENS BIFLORA Balsam Compound of balsam buds and rum used as ointment for burns, cuts, & bruises. Penobscot Orthopedic aid. IMPATIENS BIFLORA Balsam Compound of balsam buds and rum used as ointment for burns, cuts, & bruises. Potawatomi Analgesic. IMPATIENS BIFLORA Touch me not, spotted Infusion of whole plant taken for stomach cramps; a liniment for sorenesses. Potawatomi Dermatological aid. IMPATIENS BIFLORA Touch me not, spotted Fresh juice of plant used as a wash on nettle stings or poison ivy rash. . Infusion of whole plant used as a liniment for sprains and bruises. . . . . Potawatomi Gast-intestinal aid. IMPATIENS BIFLORA Touch me not, spotted Infusion of whole plant taken to cure stomach cramps; also, for chest cold. Potawatomi Orthopedic aid. IMPATIENS BIFLORA Touch me not, spotted Decoction of plant used as a liniment for sprains, bruises, and soreness. Potawatomi Pulmonary aid. IMPATIENS BIFLORA Touch me not, spotted Infusion of whole plant taken to cure chest cold; also, for stomach cramps. Shinnecock Dermatological aid. IMPATIENS BIFLORA Balsam buds Salve made of balsam buds and Vaseline. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Impatiens pallida Balsaminaceae Cherokee Ceremonial medicine. Jewelweed Used as an ingredient in green corn medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Dermatological aid. Jewelweed Juice rubbed on "ivy poisoning;" also, infusion of root for babies' hives. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Jewelweed Crushed leaves rubbed on "child's sour stomach." Cherokee Gynecological aid. Jewelweed Decoction taken orally and used to "bathe private parts" to aid in delivery. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Jewelweed Infusion of leaf taken for measles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Pediatric aid. Jewelweed Infusion of root for babies' "bold hives;" leaves for "child's sour stomach." Iroquois Dermatological aid. Touch me not Smashed stalks and juice rubbed on poison ivy blisters and mosquito bites.

Genera

(37:380) (37:380) (37:380) (37:380) (37:380) (37:380) (15:57) (76:269) (78:72,130) .. (76:269) (78:72,130) (76:269) (76:269) . (77:57,84) (76:269) (76:269) (63:357,358) (63:357,358) (30:101) (76:269) (76:269) (76:269) (64:42) (64:42) (64:42) (64:42) (64:42) (64:42) (11:122) (35:41) (35:41) (35:41) (35:41) (35:41) (35:41) (37:379)

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233

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Impatiens

Table 1: Genera -Impatiens pallida Balsaminaceae Iroquois Febrifuge. Touch me not (37:379) Cold infusion of plants taken for fevers. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Touch me not (37:379) Infusion of plant taken to induce childbirth. (37:379) Infusion of stalks taken to stop suffering while having a baby. (37:379) Poultice of mashed plants applied to women's breast injury. Omaha Dermatological aid. Touch me not, wild (30:101) Poultice of crushed stems and leaves applied to skin for rash and eczema. Impatiens sp. Balsaminaceae Creek Kidney aid. Compound decoction of plant taken and used as a wash for dropsy. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . (75:663) Inula helenium Asteraceae Cherokee Cough medicine. Elecampane (35:33) Root used for lung disorders, coughs, asthma, and "consumption." . . . . . . . Cherokee Gynecological aid. Elecampane (35:33) "For female obstructions and pregnant women with weak bowels and wombs." Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Elecampane (35:33) Root used for lung disorders, coughs, asthma, and "consumption." Cherokee Respiratory aid. Elecampane (35:33) Root used for lung disorders, coughs, asthma, and "consumption." Cherokee Tuberculosis remedy. Elecampane (35:33) Root used for lung disorders, coughs, asthma, and "consumption." Delaware-Okl Gast-intestinal aid. Elecampane (77:31) Root used in a tonic to strengthen the digestive organs. Delaware-Okl Laxative. Elecampane (77:31) Root used in a tonic to remove mucous from the intestines. Delaware-Okl Tonic. Elecampane . (77:31,76) Root used in tonic taken for "strengthening digestive organs." Delaware-Ont Cold remedy. Elecampane . (77:67,82) Compound decoction of root or bark taken for colds. . . . . . . Iroquois Analgesic. Elecampane (37:465) Compound roots used for chest pains. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Antirheumatic - Ext. Elecampane (37:467) Poultice of leaves or roots applied for rheumatism and arthritic sores. Iroquois Carminative. Elecampane (37:465) Decoction or cold infusion of powdered roots taken for gas on the stomach. Iroquois Cathartic. Elecampane (37:467) Compound roots used to clean out the intestines. No preparation indicated. Iroquois Cold remedy. Elecampane (37:466) Plant used for colds. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Cough medicine. Elecampane (37:466) Compound decoction of roots taken for coughs or heaves. .. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Elecampane (37:465) Poultice of smashed plants applied to sores, cuts or to arthritic sores. Iroquois Diuretic. Elecampane (37:466) Compound decoction of leaves and roots taken as a diuretic. Iroquois Febrifuge. Elecampane (37:466) Decoction of powdered plants or dried roots taken for fevers. Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Elecampane (37:466) Compound decoction of roots and flowers taken for bruise on back of stomach. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Elecampane (37:466) Compound decoction of dried roots taken by girls who "leak rotten." . . . Iroquois Heart medicine. Elecampane (37:466) Decoction of dried roots taken for fevers, tuberculosis and heart troubles. (37:467) Decoction of roots taken for stroke. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Iroquois Misc disease remedy. Elecampane (37:466) Compound decoction of powdered plants taken for fevers or typhoid. Iroquois Panacea. Elecampane (37:466) Plant used as medicine for anything. No preparation or application indicated .. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Elecampane (37:467) Dried leaves given to children for asthma. No preparation indicated. . . . . . . Iroquois Pulmonary aid. Elecampane (37:465) Compound roots used for chest pains. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Respiratory aid. Elecampane (37:467) Dried leaves given to children for asthma. No preparation indicated. (37:466) Infusion of roots taken for asthma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Elecampane (37:466) Decoction of leaf or root or infusion of one root taken for consumption. Iroquois Veterinary aid. Elecampane (37:465) Powdered roots mixed with horse's feed or decoction of root given for heaves.

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Genera

Inula

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera -Inula helenium Asteraceae

Micmac Analgesic. Elecampane Root used to treat heart trouble; also, used for colds and for headaches. Micmac Cold remedy. Elecampane Root used to treat heart trouble; also, used for colds and for headaches. Micmac Heart medicine. Elecampane Root used to treat heart trouble; also, used for colds and for headaches. Mohegan Pulmonary aid. Elecampane Infusion of plant taken for lungs and given to horses for colic. Leaves used to treat lung trouble. . ... Mohegan Tuberculosis remedy. Elecampane Infusion of leaves taken for tuberculosis. Mohegan Veterinary aid. Elecampane Infusion of leaves used to cure colic in horses. Infusion of plant taken for lungs and given to horses for colic. Iodanthus pinnatifidus Brassicaceae Fox Love medicine. Purple rocket Decoction of root used as a paint by women for a love medicine. . . . . . . . . . Fox Other. Purple rocket Poultice used on head of old man who is cold, to bring warmth to whole body. Ipomoea leptophylla Convolvulaceae Keresan Veterinary aid. Morning glory, bush Infusion of dried, pulverized root for fertility of mares & growth of colts. Pawnee Analgesic. Morning glory, bush Pulverized root dusted on body to relieve pain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pawnee Sedative. Morning glory, bush Root used in smoke treatment as a remedy for nervousness and bad dreams. Pawnee Stimulant. Morning glory, bush Pulverized root used to revive "one who had fainted." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ipomoea pandurata Convolvulaceae Cherokee Antirheumatic - Ext. Potato vine, wild Poultice of root applied to rheumatism. Cherokee Cough medicine. Potato vine, wild Taken for coughs, for asthma, and for consumption. Cherokee Diuretic. Potato vine, wild Taken as a diuretic, as a laxative, and as an expectorant. Cherokee Expectorant. Potato vine, wild Taken as a diuretic, as a laxative, and as an expectorant. Cherokee Insecticide. Potato vine, wild Infusion of vine used for soaking sweet potatoes to keep away bugs and moles. Cherokee Kidney aid. Potato vine, wild Taken for "gravel," for "dropsy," and for "suppression of urine." Cherokee Laxative. Potato vine, wild Taken as a diuretic, as a laxative, and as an expectorant. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Potato vine, wild Infusion of root taken for cholera morbis. . . . . . . Cherokee Respiratory aid. Potato vine, wild Taken for coughs, for asthma, and for consumption. Cherokee Tuberculosis remedy. Potato vine, wild Taken for coughs, for asthma, and for consumption. Cherokee Urinary aid. Potato vine, wild Taken for "gravel," for "dropsy," and for "suppression of urine." Creek Diuretic. Plant used as a diuretic and as a remedy in "nephritic complaints." Creek Kidney aid. Plant used as a diuretic and as a remedy in "nephritic complaints." Iroquois Analgesic. Man root Decoction of roots taken for pains in the abdomen. . . . . . . . . . . Infusion of powdered plants taken for headaches and upset stomachs. Iroquois Blood medicine. Man root Compound infusion of bark, roots and leaves taken as blood purifier. Iroquois Cough medicine. Man root Decoction of roots taken as a cough medicine. Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Man root Decoction of roots taken for pains in the abdomen. Infusion of powdered plants taken for headaches and upset stomachs. Iroquois Liver aid. Man root Plant used for the liver. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Misc disease remedy. Man root Infusion of dried roots taken for all kinds of diseases. . . . . . . .

Genera

(15:57) (15:57) (15:57) (76:266) (78:130) (78:72,130) (78:72,130) . . (76:266) (62:219,220) . . . (62:219) (87:559) (30:110) (30:110) (30:110) (35:51) (35:51) (35:51) (35:51) (35:51) (35:51) (35:51) (35:51) (35:51) (35:51) (35:51) (75:670) (75:670) (37:419) (37:419) (37:419) (37:419) (37:419) (37:419) (37:419) (37:419)

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235

Ipomoea

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Ipomoea pandumta Convolvulaceae Iroquois Other. Man root Compound infusion taken or injured parts washed; a "Little Water Medicine." Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Man root Decoction of roots taken for initial stages of tuberculosis. Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Man root Plant has magical potency. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ipomoea sagittata Convolvulaceae Houma Blood medicine. Snake grass Decoction of root taken to remove poison from the blood or heart. · Houma Dermatological aid. Snake grass Poultice of boiled leaves applied to swellings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · Houma Heart medicine. Snake grass Hot decoction of roots taken to ''take poison out of the blood or heart." · Houma Snake bite remedy. Snake grass Leaf chewed & juice swallowed, poultice of chewed leaves used on snake bite. · Ipomopsis aggregata Polemoniaceae Salishan Dermatological aid. GILIA AGGREGATA t Decoction of plants used as a face and hair wash by adolescent girls. Salishan Eye medicine. GILIA AGGREGATA t Decoction of plants used as an eye wash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Salishan Pediatric aid. GILIA AGGREGATA t Decoction of plants used as a face and hair wash by adolescent girls. Iresine rhizomatosa Amaranthaceae Houma Pulmonary aid. IRESINE PANICULATA Whooping cough grass Syrup of leaves and stems taken to relieve whooping cough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iris cristata Iridaceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Iris, crested dwarf Compound decoction of pulverized root used as salve for- ulcers. . . . . . . Cherokee Liver aid. Iris, crested dwarf Infusion taken for liver; compound decoction of root for "yellowish urine." Cherokee Urinary aid. Iris, crested dwarf Infusion taken for liver; compound decoction of root for "yellowish urine." Iris hooken Iridaceae Aleut Laxative. IRIS SETOSA Iris Decoction of root taken as a laxative. Iris missouriensis Iridaceae Montana Ind. Emetic. Flag, wild Decoction of the rootstocks used by medicine men to induce vomiting. Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Flag Decoction of plant used as ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Flag Decoction of plant used as ceremonial emetic. Paiute Analgesic. Iris, wild Decoction of root taken for stomachaches. · Paiute Dermatological aid. Iris, wild Paste of ripe seeds applied to sores. . . . . · Paiute Ear medicine. Iris, wild Warm decoction of root dropped into ear to cure earache. · Paiute Gast-intestinal aid. Iris, wild Decoction of root taken for stomachaches. . . . . . . . . . · Paiute Toothache remedy. Iris, wild Raw root placed in cavity or against gum for toothache. · Paiute Urinary aid. Iris, wild Decoction of root taken for bladder troubles. . . . . . . . · Paiute Venereal aid. Iris, wild Decoction of root taken as a specific remedy for gonorrhea. · Shoshone Analgesic. Iris, wild Decoction of root taken for stomachaches. . . . . . . . · Poultice of mashed roots applied for rheumatic pains. · Shoshone Antirheumatic - Ext. Iris, wild Poultice of mashed roots applied to rheumatic pains. · Shoshone Burn dressing. Iris, wild Paste of ripe seeds applied to burns. . . . . . . . · Shoshone Dermatological aid. Iris, wild Pulped root applied as a salve for venereal sores. · Shoshone Ear medicine. Iris, wild Warm decoction of root dropped into ear to cure earache. · Shoshone Gast-intestinal aid. Iris, wild Decoction of root taken for stomachaches. . . . . . . . . . . ·

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Genera

(37:419) (37:419) (37:419) (68:62,63) (68:62,63) (68:62,63) (68:62,63) · (80:294) · (80:294) · (80:294) .

(68:66) (35:41) (35:41) (35:41) (1:428) . (3:13) (84:21) (84:21)

(81:89,90) (81:89,90) (81:89,90) (81:89,90) (81:89,90) (81:89,90) (81:89,90) (81:89,90) (81:89,90) (81:89,90) (81:89,90) (81:89,90) (81:89,90) (81:89,90)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Iris

Table 1: Genera - Iris missouriensis Iridaceae Shoshone Toothache remedy. Iris, wild Raw root placed in cavity or against gum for toothache. . . . . . . . . . . . . . · (81:89,90) Shoshone Venereal aid. Iris, wild Decoction of root taken as a gonorrhea remedy; root salve for venereal sores. · (81:89,90) Iris sp. Iridaceae Yana Cough medicine. Flag Raw roots chewed for coughs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (57:253) Iris verna Iridaceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Iris, dwarf Compound decoction of pulverized root used as salve for ulcers. . . . . . . (35:41) Cherokee Liver aid. Iris, dwarf Infusion taken for liver; compound decoction of root for "yellowish urine." (35:41) Cherokee Urinary aid. Iris, dwarf Infusion taken for liver; compound decoction of root for ''yellowish urine." (35:41) Creek Cathartic. Plant used as a powerful cathartic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (75:669.670) Iris versicolor Iridaceae Chippewa Dermatological aid. Blue flag Poultice of root applied to swellings; very strong. (21:366) Poultice of roots applied to scrofulous sores. (31:126) Chippewa Tuberculosis remedy. Blue flag Poultice of roots applied to scrofulous sores. (31:126) Cree Cathartic. Plant used to increase the flow of bile and as a purgative. (40:303) Cree Liver aid. Plant used to increase the flow of bile and as a purgative. (40:303) Creek Cathartic. Blue flag, larger Plant used as a cathartic. . . . . . . (79:10) Creek Cathartic. Plant used as a powerful cathartic. (75:669.670) Delaware-Okl Antirheumatic - Int. Blue flag Root used to make a medicine taken for rheumatism. · (77:30,76) Delaware-Okl Kidney aid. Blue flag Root used to make a medicine for disorders of the liver and kidneys. (77:30) Delaware-Okl Liver aid. Blue flag Root used to make a medicine for disorders of the liver and kidneys. (77:30) Delaware-Okl Other. Blue flag Root combined with root of hydrangea arborescens used to treat gallstones. · (77:30,76) Delaware-Okl Tuberculosis remedy. Blue flag Root used to make a medicine taken for "scrofula." . . . . . . · (77:30,76) Fox Burn dressing. Blue flag Poultice of freshly macerated root applied to burns and sores. (62:224) Fox Cold remedy. Blue flag Root used for colds and for lung trouble. . . . . . . . . . . . . (62:224) Fox Dermatological aid. Blue flag (62:224) Poultice of freshly macerated root applied to burns and sores. Fox Pulmonary aid. Blue flag Root used for colds and for lung trouble. (62:224) Iroquois Cathartic. Blue flag Infusion of plant taken as a physic. (37:287) Iroquois Gynecological aid. Blue flag Infusion of smashed roots taken at menses to induce pregnancy. (37:287) Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Blue flag Infusion of smashed roots taken to induce paralysis. (37:287) Iroquois Respiratory aid. Blue flag Compound decoction with roots taken for hay fever. (37:287) Micmac Dermatological aid. Blue flag Root used to treat wounds; also, herb used to treat sore throat. (15:57) Micmac Misc disease remedy. Blue flag Root used to treat cholera; also, used for the prevention of disease. (15:57) Micmac Other. Blue flag Root used to treat cholera; also, used for the prevention of disease. (15:57) Micmac Panacea. Blue flag (15:57) Root used as a "basic medical cure;" also, used to treat cholera. Micmac Throat aid. Blue flag Herbs used to treat sore throat; also, root used to treat wounds. (15:57) Mohegan Analgesic. Blue flag Poultice of pulverized root mixed with flour applied to relieve pain. (78:72,130) Montagnais Analgesic. Blue flag Compound poultice of plant and flour applied to relieve pain. · . (76:268)

Genera

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237

Iris

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Iris versicolor Iridaceae Montagnais Analgesic. Blue flag Poultice of crushed plant mixed with flour applied to any pain. Ojibwa Cathartic. Blue flag Decoction of root taken as a "quick physic." Ojibwa Emetic. Blue flag Decoction of root taken as an emetic. Omaha Dermatological aid. Blue flag Paste of pulverized rootstock applied to sores and bruises. Omaha Ear medicine. Blue flag Pulverized rootstock mixed with water or saliva dropped in ear for earache. Omaha Eye medicine. Blue flag Rootstock used to medicate "eye-water." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Penobscot Herbal steam. Sweetflag Plant steamed throughout the house to keep away "disease in general." Penobscot Misc disease remedy. Sweetflag Infusion of root taken for cholera. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Penobscot Other. Sweetflag Root chewed to keep disease away; plant thought to "kill" sickness. Ponca Dermatological aid. Blue flag Paste of pulverized rootstock applied to sores and bruises. Ponca Ear medicine. Blue flag Pulverized rootstock mixed with water or saliva dropped in ear for earache. Ponca Eye medicine. Blue flag Rootstock used to medicate "eye-water." Potawatomi Dermatological aid. Blue flag Poultice of root used to allay inflammation. Rappahannock Panacea. Flag Infusion of dried roots taken for "every complaint." Iris virginica Iridaceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Iris, blue flag Compound decoction of pulverized root used as salve for ulcers. . . . . . . Cherokee Liver aid. Iris, blue flag Infusion taken for liver; compound decoction of root for "yellowish urine." Cherokee Urinary aid. Iris, blue flag Infusion taken for liver; compound decoction of root for "yellowish urine." Iva axillam Asteraceae Mahuna Abortifacient. Poverty weed, American Plant used to cause an abortion. . ..... Mahuna Contraceptive. Poverty weed, American Plant used to prevent conception. . . . . . . . Paiute Dermatological aid. Poverty weed Leaves used as a plaster or infusion as a wash for sores or skin irritations. Shoshone Analgesic. Poverty weed Infusion/decoction of plant taken for stomachaches or cramps, esp. child's. Shoshone Antidiarrheal. Poverty weed Decoction of plant taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Cold remedy. Poverty weed Infusion/decoction of plant used to cure children's colds. Shoshone Gast-intestinal aid. Poverty weed Infusion/decoction of plant taken for stomachaches or cramps, esp. child's. Raw, roasted, or boiled root eaten for indigestion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Pediatric aid. Poverty weed Infusion/decoction of plant taken for stomachaches or cramps, esp. child's. Infusion/decoction of plant used to cure children's colds. . ......... . Iva xanthifolia Asteraceae Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Poultice of plant applied to boils. . . . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Veterinary aid. Plant used to heal castration incision in sheep. Navaho-Ramah Cough medicine. Marsh elder Infusion or decoction taken and used as lotion for cough. Navaho-Ramah Misc disease remedy. Marsh elder Infusion or decoction taken and used as lotion for influenza. Navaho-Ramah Witchcraft medicine. Marsh elder Infusion or decoction taken and used as lotion for protection from witches. Jeffersonia diphylla Berberidaceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Twinleaf Poultice for sores, ulcers, and inflamed parts. .. . . . . . Cherokee Kidney aid. Twinleaf Infusion taken for dropsy, gravel, and urinary problems.

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Genera

(66:315) (63:371) (63:371) (30:72) (30:72) (30:72) (66:311) (66:308,309) (66:311) (30:72) (30:72) (30:72) (64:60) (69:28) (35:41) (35:41) (35:41) (55:67) (55:67) · (81:90,91) · (81:90,91) · (81:90,91) · (81:90,91) · (81:90,91) · (81:90,91) · (81:90,91) · (81:90,91) (91:48) (91:48) (84:52) (84:52) (84:52) (35:59) (35:59)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Jeffersonia

Table 1: Genera - Jeffersonia diphylla Berberidaceae

Cherokee Urinary aid. Twinleaf Infusion taken for dropsy, gravel, and urinary problems. . . . . . . . . (35:59) Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Twinleaf Decoction of whole plant taken by adults and children with diarrhea. (37:332) Iroquois Liver aid. Twinleaf Decoction of whole plant taken for gall. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:332) Iroquois Pediatric aid. Twinleaf Decoction of whole plant taken by adults and children with diarrhea. (37:332) Jug/ans californica Juglandaceae Costanoan Blood medicine. Infusion of leaves taken for thin blood. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (5:20) Jug/ans cinerea Juglandaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Walnut, white Infusion of bark taken to check bowels. . ..... (35:61) Cherokee Cathartic. Butternut Pills prepared from inner bark used as a cathartic. (90:75) Cherokee Cathartic. Walnut, white Pills from inner bark used as a cathartic; compound infusion for toothache. (35:61) Cherokee Toothache remedy. Walnut, white Pills from inner bark taken as a cathartic; compound infusion for toothache. (35:61) Chippewa Cathartic. Butternut Decoction of plant sap taken as a cathartic. ................. . (31:127) Fox Cathartic. Butternut Decoction of twig bark or decoction of wood & bark taken as a cathartic. (62:224) Iroquois Analgesic. Butternut Compound decoction of plants taken for pain when urinating. (37:295) Iroquois Anthelmintic. Butternut (37:295) Compound decoction with bark taken to kill worms in adults. Iroquois Blood medicine. Butternut Compound decoction taken as a blood purifier and for venereal disease. (37:295) Iroquois Cathartic. Butternut (37:296) Decoction of bark taken as a physic and cathartic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Dermatological aid. Butternut (37:295) Compound decoction taken for yellow skin, too much gall, & skin becomes thin. Infusion or chewed bark applied to wound to stop bleeding. (37:295) Iroquois Gynecological aid. Butternut Compound decoction with bark taken to induce pregnancy. (37:294) Iroquois Hemostat. Butternut Infusion or chewed bark applied to wound to stop bleeding. (37:295) Iroquois Laxative. Butternut (37:295) Compound decoction of bark or shoots taken as a laxative. Iroquois Liver aid. Butternut (37:295) Compound decoction taken for yellow skin, too much gall, & skin becomes thin. Iroquois Oral aid. Butternut (37:295) Compound infusion of buds used as mouth wash for ulcers in the mouth. Iroquois Psychological aid. Butternut Compound decoction with plant taken for "loss of senses during menses." (37:295) Iroquois Toothache remedy. Butternut Juice used to stop toothache. No application indicated. . . . . . . . . . . . (37:295) Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Butternut (37:295) Compound decoction used as poultice on infected & swollen tubercular glands. Iroquois Urinary aid. Butternut (37:295) Compound decoction of plants taken for pain when urinating. Iroquois Venereal aid. Butternut (37:295) Decoction of shoots taken as a laxative and for venereal disease. Menominee Cathartic. Butternut Syrup from sap used as a standard "physic." · (61:38,39) Micmac Cathartic. Butternut (15:57) Bark of plant used as a purgative. . ..... Potawatomi Cathartic. Butternut Bark used as a physic; also, infusion of inner bark taken as a tonic. · (64:60,61) Potawatomi Tonic. Butternut Infusion of inner bark taken as a tonic; also, bark used as a physic. · (64:60,61) Jug/ans nigra Juglandaceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Walnut, black (35:61) Bark chewed for toothache; infusion used as a wash for sores. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Walnut, black (35:61) Infusion of inner bark taken for smallpox; infusion of leaves for goiter. Cherokee Poison. Walnut, black (35:61) "Bark used cautiously in medicine because it is poisonous." . . . . . . .

Genera

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239

Juglans

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Juglans nigra Juglandaceae

Cherokee Toothache remedy. Walnut, black Bark chewed for toothache; also, infusion used as wash for sores. (35:61) Comanche Dermatological aid. Walnut, black Pulverized leaves rubbed on affected part to treat ringworm. (10:522) Delaware-Okl Cathartic. Walnut, black Strong decoction of bark taken as an emetic or cathartic. · (77:24,76) Delaware-Okl Dermatological aid. Walnut, black Juice from green hull of fruit rubbed on skin to cure ringworm. · (77:24,76) Sap applied to any inflammation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · (77:24,76) Delaware-Okl Emetic. Walnut, black Strong decoction of bark taken as an emetic or cathartic. · (77:24,76) Delaware-Okl Gast-intestinal aid. Walnut, black Decoction of bark taken "to remove bile from the intestines." (77:24) Delaware-Okl Insecticide. Walnut, black Leaves scattered about house to "dispel fleas." . . . . . . . . . (77:24) Delaware-Okl Liver aid. Walnut, black Decoction of bark taken "to remove bile from the intestines." (77:24) Fox Cathartic. Walnut, black Inner bark used as a very strong physic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (62:224,225) Fox Snake bite remedy. Walnut, black Coiled and charred twig bark & old bark applied in water for snake bite. (62:224,225) Houma Dermatological aid. Walnut, black Infusion of nut shells used as a wash for "the itch." . . . . . . . . . (68:66) Houma Hypotensive. Walnut, black Decoction of mashed leaves taken for relief from "blood pressure." (68:66) Iroquois Analgesic. Walnut, black Poultice of bark applied for "craziness" or headache. (37:296) Iroquois Blood medicine. Walnut, black Compound decoction with brandy taken as a blood purifier. (37:296) Iroquois Laxative. Walnut, black Compound decoction of bark taken as a laxative. (37:296) Iroquois Psychological aid. Walnut, black Poultice of bark applied for "craziness" or headache. (37:296) Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Walnut, black Infusion of bark used as a medicine for rain. (37:296) Kiowa Anthelmintic. Walnut, black Decoction of root bark taken to kill "worms." (85:21) Rappahannock Antidiarrheal. Walnut Infusion of root bark taken to "roughen the intestines" & prevent dysentery. (69:32) Rappahannock Febrifuge. Walnut Compound with north side bark used as a poultice for chills. . . . . . . . . . . (69:31) Rappahannock Gast-intestinal aid. Walnut Infusion of root bark taken to "roughen the intestines" & prevent dysentery. (69:32) Juglans 8p. Juglandaceae Choctaw Insecticide. JUGLANS SQUAMOSA Hickory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (8:24) Leaves "scattered about to drive away fleas." Juncus bufonius Juncaceae Iroquois Dermatological aid. Rush, toad Compound decoction taken as an emetic and used as wash for the entire body. (37:279) Iroquois Emetic. Rush, toad Compound decoction taken as an emetic and used as wash for the entire body. (37:279) Iroquois Strengthener. Rush, toad Compound decoction taken to "give strength to runners and other athletes." (37:279) Juncus ejJ"wJus Juncaceae Cherokee Emetic. Rush, common Decoction of plant taken as an emetic. . (79:7) Cherokee Oral aid. Rush, common Decoction used "to dislodge spoiled saliva." (35:53) Cherokee Orthopedic aid. Rush, common Infusion used as wash to give babies strength, orally to prevent lameness. (35:53) Cherokee Pediatric aid. Rush, common Infusion used as wash to give babies strength, orally to prevent lameness. (35:53) Cherokee Strengthener. Rush, common Infusion used as wash to give babies strength, orally to prevent lameness. (35:53) Juncus tenuis Juncaceae Cherokee Oral aid. Wiregrass Decoction used "to dislodge spoiled saliva." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (35:53) Cherokee Orthopedic aid. Wiregrass Infusion used as wash to give babies strength, orally to prevent lameness. (35:53)

240

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Genera

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Juncus

Table 1: Genera - Juncus tenuis Juncaceae Cherokee Pediatric aid. Wiregrass Infusion used as wash to give babies strength, orally to prevent lameness. Cherokee Strengthener. Wiregrass Infusion used as wash to give babies strength, orally to prevent lameness. Iroquois Emetic. Rush, path Decoction or infusion of plant taken by lacrosse players & runners to vomit. Iroquois Other. Rush, path Infusion of plant taken to vomit and used as a wash by lacrosse players. Iroquois Veterinary aid. Rush, path Infusion of plant given to "colt that has had too much feed." . . . . . . . Juniperus cali/ornica Pinaceae Apache Anticonvulsive. Juniper Scorched twigs rubbed on body for fits. Apache Cold remedy. Juniper Infusion of leaves taken for coughs and colds. Apache Cough medicine. Juniper Infusion of leaves taken for coughs and colds. Apache Gynecological aid. Juniper Infusion of leaves taken by women previous to childbirth to relax muscles. Costanoan Analgesic. Decoction of leaves taken for the relief of pain and to cause sweating. Costanoan Diaphoretic. Decoction of leaves taken for the relief of pain and to cause sweating. Gosiute Cold remedy. Cedar Infusion of leaves used for coughs and colds. Gosiute Cough medicine. Cedar Infusion of leaves used for coughs and colds. Mahuna Febrifuge. Juniper berry, American Infusion of berries taken or berries chewed for grippe fevers. Mahuna Misc disease remedy. Juniper berry, American Infusion of berries taken or berries chewed for grippe fevers. Juniperus communis Pinaceae Algonquian Ind Other. Juniper Used for "cold" conditions, since plant was regarded as "hot." . . . . . . . . . Bella Coola Analgesic. Juniper Decoction of roots, leaves, branches, and bark taken for pain in the stomach. Bella Coola Cough medicine. Juniper Decoction of root, leaves, branches, & bark taken for "cough from the lungs." Bella Coola Gast-intestirral aid. Juniper Decoction of roots, leaves, branches, and bark taken for stomach pain. Cheyenne Ceremonial medicine. Juniper, common Leaves burned as incense in ceremonies, especially to remove fear of thunder. Cheyenne Cold remedy. Juniper, common Cones chewed, infusion of boughs or cones taken or as steambath for colds. Cheyenne Cough medicine. JUNIPERUS SIBIRICA Evergreen, hollow Infusion of leaves used for coughs or a tickling in the throat. Cheyenne Cough medicine. Juniper, common Infusion of boughs or fleshy cones taken for coughing. Cheyenne Febrifuge. Juniper, common Infusion of boughs or fleshy cones taken for high fevers. Cheyenne Gynecological aid. Juniper, common Leaves burned at childbirth to promote delivery. . . . . Cheyenne Herbal steam. Juniper, common Cones chewed, infusion of boughs or cones taken or as steambath for colds. Cheyenne Love medicine. Juniper, common Wood flutes used to "charm a girl whom a man loved to make her love him." Cheyenne Sedative. Juniper, common Infusion of boughs or fleshy cones taken as a sedative. Cheyenne Throat aid. JUNIPERUS SIBIRICA Evergreen, hollow Infusion of leaves used for coughs or a tickling in the throat. Cheyenne Throat aid. Juniper, common Infusion of boughs or cones taken for tickles in the throat or tonsilitis. Chippewa Respiratory aid. Juniper, shrub Decoction of twigs and leaves taken for asthma. Cree Dermatological aid. Wakinakim Poultice of bark applied to wounds. . . . . . . . . Cree Disinfectant. Wakinakim Plant used for its antiseptic qualities on wounds. Delaware-Ont Gynecological aid. Juniper Compound infusion of bark taken as a remedy for women's diseases.

Genera

(35:53) (35:53) (37:279) (37:279) (37:279) (53:158) (53:158) (53:158) (53:158) (5:6) (5:6) (14:372) (14:372) (55:9) (55:9) (6:142) (60:49) (60:49) (60:49) (36:4) (36:4) (33:169) (36:4) (36:4) (36:4) (36:4) (36:4) (36:4) (33:169) . (36:4) (31:124) (40:302) (40:302) . (77:68,12)

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241

Juniperus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Jum"perus communis Pinaceae

Delaware-Ont Tonic. Juniper Compound infusion of bark taken as a tonic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Cold remedy. Juniper, low Decoction taken for colds and coughs caused by overheating and chills. Iroquois Cough medicine. Juniper, low Decoction taken for colds and coughs caused by overheating and chills. Kwakiutl Antidiarrheal. Juniper, creeping Compound decoction of berries taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . Kwakiutl Blood medicine. Juniper, creeping Decoction of wood and bark taken for short breath and to purify the blood. Kwakiutl Respiratory aid. Juniper, creeping Decoction of wood and bark taken for short breath and to purify the blood. Micmac Antirheumatic - Int. Juniper Part of plant used to treat rheumatism; bark used to treat tuberculosis. . Micmac Dermatological aid. Juniper Stems used in hair wash; gum used to treat wounds, cones to treat ulcers. Micmac Orthopedic aid. Juniper Gum used to treat sprains; also, bark used to treat tuberculosis. Micmac Tonic. Juniper Stems used in a tonic; also, bark used to treat tuberculosis. . .. Micmac Tuberculosis remedy. Juniper Root or bark used to treat consumption; also, stems used as a tonic. N Carrier Cathartic. Juniper Decoction of tips taken as a purgative; also, taken for a cough. N Carrier Cough medicine. Juniper Decoction of tips taken for a cough; also, taken as a purgative. Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. JUNIPERUS SmIRICA Juniper Decoction of plant used as ceremonial emetic. . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Cough medicine. JUNIPERUS SmIRICA Juniper Decoction taken and used as lotion for fever or "big cough." Navaho-Ramah Emetic. JUNIPERUS smIRICA Juniper Decoction of plant used as ceremonial emetic. . . . . . . .. Navaho-Ramah Febrifuge. JUNIPERUS SmIRICA Juniper Decoction of plant used internally and externally for fever. Okanagan Eye medicine. Juniper, common Infusion of twigs used as a wash for sore eyes. Okanagan Kidney aid. Juniper, common Berries eaten for kidney disorders. Okanagan Tonic. Juniper, common Decoction of small branches used as a tonic. Paiute Blood medicine. Juniper, alpine Seeds from dried fruit eaten as a blood tonic and for lumbago. Paiute Orthopedic aid. Juniper, alpine Seeds from dried fruit eaten as a blood tonic and for lumbago. Paiute Tonic. Juniper, alpine Seeds from dried fruit eaten as a blood tonic and for lumbago. Paiute Venereal aid. Juniper, alpine Cold decoction of twigs taken for venereal disease. . . . . . . . Potawatomi Urinary aid. Juniper, common Compound containing berries used to cure urinary tract diseases. S Carrier Analgesic. Juniper Steam from boiling branches inhaled for headache and chest pain. Shoshone Blood medicine. Juniper, alpine Decoction of branches taken as a blood tonic. Shoshone Tonic. Juniper, alpine Decoction of branches taken as a blood tonic. Shuswap Panacea. Juniper, common Decoction of stems and needles taken for any sickness. Thompson Ind Eye medicine. Juniper, common Infusion of twigs used as a wash for sore eyes. Infusion or decoction of twigs used as a wash for sore eyes. Thompson Ind Gast-intestinal aid. Juniper, common Decoction of twigs taken as a tonic for the stomach. Thompson Ind Kidney aid. Juniper, common Berries eaten for kidney disorders. Thompson Ind Tonic. Juniper, common Decoction of small branches used as a tonic. Decoction of twigs taken as a tonic for the stomach.

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Genera

· (77:68,82) (37:271) (37:271) (82:266) (82:266) (82:266) (15:57) (15:57) (15:57) (15:57) (15:57) (60:49) (60:49) (84:12) (84:12) (84:12) (84:12) (48:42) (48:42) (48:42) · (81:91,92) · (81:91,92) · (81:91,92) · (81:91,92) (64:69) (60:49) · (81:91,92) · (81:91,92) (47:50) (48:42) (71:474) (71:474) (48:42) (48:42) (71:474)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Juniperus

Table 1: Genera - Juniperus horizontalis Pinaceae Cheyenne Ceremonial medicine. Juniper, creeping Leaves burned as incense in ceremonies, especially to remove fear of thunder. Cheyenne Cold remedy. Juniper, creeping Cones chewed, infusion of boughs or cones taken or as steambath for colds. Cheyenne Cough medicine. Juniper, creeping Infusion of boughs or fleshy cones taken for coughing. Cheyenne Febrifuge. Juniper, creeping Infusion of boughs or fleshy cones taken for high fevers. Cheyenne Gynecological aid. Juniper, creeping Leaves burned at childbirth to promote delivery. . . . . Cheyenne Herbal steam. Juniper, creeping Cones chewed, infusion of boughs or cones taken or as steambath for colds. Cheyenne Love medicine. Juniper, creeping Wood flutes used to "charm a girl whom a man loved to make her love him." Cheyenne Sedative. Juniper, creeping Infusion of boughs or fleshy cones taken as a sedative. . . . . . . . . . . Cheyenne Throat aid. .Juniper, creeping Infusion of boughs or cones taken for tickles in the throat or tonsilitis. Crow Ceremonial medicine. JUNIPERUS SABINA PROCUMBENS Juniper, trailing Young twigs and leaves burned as incense during incantations. . . . . . . . Montana Ind. Kidney aid. JUNIPERUS SABINA PROCUMBENS Juniper, trailing Infusion of seeds taken for kidney trouble. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Juniperus monosperma Pinaceae Apache Anticonvulsive. Cedar Scorched twigs rubbed on body for fits. Apache Cold remedy. Cedar Infusion of leaves taken for coughs and colds. Apache Cough medicine. Cedar Infusion of leaves taken for coughs and colds. Apache Gynecological aid. Cedar Infusion of leaves taken by women previous to childbirth to relax muscles. Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Juniper,oneseed Decoction for postpartum or menstrual pain; cold infusion for stomachache. Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Juniper, oneseed Decoction used in "bath for purification of burial party." Navaho-Ramah Cough medicine. Juniper,oneseed Compound decoction, sometimes salted, taken for cough. Navaho-Ramah Diaphoretic. Juniper, oneseed Compound used as sweatbath medicine. . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Juniper, oneseed Infusion of inner bark given to newborns "to clean out impurities." Navaho-Ramah Febrifuge. Juniper,oneseed Cold infusion of plant used to treat fever. Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Juniper,oneseed Cold infusion of plant used for stomachache. Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. Juniper,oneseed Decoction or smoke of various plant parts used for childbirth difficulties. Navaho-Ramah Pediatric aid. Juniper,oneseed Infusion of inner bark as emetic for newborn, "to clean out all impurities." Plant used as bed and coverlet for baby, "to make him strong and healthy." Navaho-Ramah Stimulant. Juniper,oneseed Wet twigs or pulverized needles used as stimulant in postpartum fainting. Navaho-Ramah Veterinary aid. Juniper, oneseed Decoction given to sheep for bloating from eating "chamiso." . . . . . . . . Paiute Cold remedy. Juniper, one seeded Decoction of twigs taken and fumes from burning branches inhaled for colds. Paiute Dermatological aid. Juniper, one seeded Heated twigs rubbed on measles eruptions to relieve the discomfort. Paiute Misc disease remedy. Juniper, one seeded Heated twigs rubbed on measles eruptions to relieve the discomfort. Shoshone Cold remedy. Juniper, one seeded Decoction of twigs taken and fumes from burning branches inhaled for colds. Shoshone Dermatological aid. Juniper, one seeded Heated twigs rubbed on measles eruptions to relieve the discomfort. Shoshone Misc disease remedy. Juniper, one seeded Heated twigs rubbed on measles eruptions to relieve the discomfort. Tewa Analgesic. Juniper, one seeded Poultice of toasted leafy twigs applied to a bruise or sprain to reduce pain .. Tewa Dermatological aid. Juniper, one seeded Poultice of leafy twigs for bruises or sprains to reduce pain and swelling.

Genera

(36:4) (36:4) (36:4) (36:4) (36:4) (36:4) (36:4) (36:4) (36:4) (3:13) (3:13) (53:158) (53:158) (53:158) (53:158) · (84:11,12) · (84:11,12) · (84:11,12) (84:11,12) (84:11,12) · (84:11,12) (84:11,12) (84:11,12) (84:11,12) (84:11,12) (84:11,12) (84:11,12) (81:92) (81:92) (81:92) (81:92) (81:92) (81:92) · (54:39,40) · (54:39,40)

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243

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Juniperus

Table 1: Genera - Juniperus monosperma Pinaceae Tewa Disinfectant. Juniper, one seeded Leaves placed on hot coals as a herbal steam to "fumigate" new mother. Tewa Diuretic. Juniper, one seeded Berries used as an "active diuretic." . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tewa Gynecological aid. Juniper, one seeded Decoction of leaves taken and used as a postpartum wash. Tewa Herbal steam. Juniper, one seeded Leaves placed on hot coals as a herbal steam to "fumigate" new mother. Tewa Orthopedic aid. Juniper, one seeded Poultice of toasted leafy twigs applied to a bruise or sprain to reduce pain .. Tewa Other. Juniper, one seeded Berries eaten or in decoction as a remedy "for every kind of internal chill." . Tewa Toothache remedy. Juniper, one seeded Gum used as a filling for decayed teeth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zuni Gynecological aid. Cedar Simple or compound infusion of twigs to promote muscular relaxation at birth. Simple/compound infusion of twigs taken after childbirth to stop blood flow. Zuni Hemostat. Cedar Simple/compound infusion of twigs taken after childbirth to stop blood flow. Juniperus occidentalis Pinaceae Apache Anticonvulsive. Cedar Scorched twigs rubbed on body for fits. Apache Cold remedy. Cedar Infusion of leaves taken for coughs and colds. Apache Cough medicine. Cedar Infusion of leaves taken for coughs and colds. Apache Gynecological aid. Cedar Infusion of leaves taken by women previous to childbirth to relax muscles. Juniperus osteosperma Pinaceae Navaho Analgesic. Seeds eaten for headaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Analgesic. JUNIPERUS UTAHENSIS Juniper, Utah Decoction of berries taken for menstrual cramps. Decoction of young twigs taken for stomachaches. . Fumes from burning twigs inhaled for headaches and colds. Paiute Antihemorrhagic. JUNIPERUS UTAHENSIS Juniper, Utah Decoction of young twigs taken for hemorrhages. . . . . . . Paiute·Antirheumatic - Ext. JUNIPERUS UTAHENSIS Juniper, Utah Branches used in the sweat bath for rheumatism or heavy colds. Decoction of berries taken or poultice of decoction applied for rheumatism. Poultice of boiled twigs applied & cooled decoction as wash for rheumatism. Paiute Blood medicine. JUNIPERUS UTAHENSIS Juniper, Utah Decoction of berries or young twigs taken as a blood tonic. Paiute Cold remedy. JUNIPERUS UTAHENSIS Juniper, Utah Branches used in the sweatbath for rheumatism or heavy colds. Fumes from burning twigs or leaves inhaled for headaches and colds. Simple or compound decoction of twigs or berries taken for colds. Paiute Cough medicine. JUNIPERUS UTAHENSIS Juniper, Utah Decoction of twigs or berries taken for coughs. . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Dermatological aid. JUNIPERUS UTAHENSIS Juniper, Utah Compound poultice of twigs used as a drawing agent for boils or slivers. Poultice of mashed twigs applied for swellings or rheumatism. Strong decoction used as an antiseptic wash for sores. Paiute Disinfectant. JUNIPERUS UTAHENSIS Juniper, Utah Branches burned as a fumigant after illness. . . . . . . Strong decoction of twigs used as an antiseptic wash for sores. Paiute Diuretic. JUNIPERUS UTAHENSIS Juniper, Utah Decoction of berries taken to induce urination. . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Febrifuge. JUNIPERUS UTAHENSIS Juniper, Utah Simple or compound decoction of young twigs taken to reduce fevers. Paiute Gast-intestinal aid. JUNIPERUS UTAHENSIS Juniper, Utah Decoction of young twigs taken for stomachaches. . . . . . . Paiute Gynecological aid. JUNIPERUS UTAHENSIS Juniper, Utah Decoction of berries taken for menstrual cramps. Paiute Kidney aid. JUNIPERUS UTAHENSIS Juniper, Utah Decoction of berries taken for kidney ailments. . . . . Simple or compound decoction of young twigs taken for kidney trouble. Paiute Misc disease remedy. JUNIPERUS UTAHENSIS Juniper, Utah Compound decoction of twigs taken for smallpox. Decoction of young twigs taken for influenza. . . . . . . . . . . .

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Genera

· (54:39,40) · (54:39,40) · (54:39,40) · (54:39,40) · (54:39,40) · (54:39,40) · (54:39,40) (72:55) (72:55) (72:55) (53:158) (53:158) (53:158) (53:158) · . (38:152) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96)

Juniperus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Juniperus osteosperma Pinaceae

Paiute Pulmonary aid. JUNIPERUS UTAHENSIS Juniper, Utah Compound decoction of twigs taken for fevers, pneumonia, and influenza. Paiute Tonic. JUNIPERUS UTAHENSIS Juniper, Utah Decoction of young twigs or berries taken as a blood tonic. Paiute Venereal aid. JUNIPERUS UTAHENSIS Juniper, Utah Decoction of shaved root taken for venereal disease. Decoction of twig or compound decoction of berry taken for venereal disease. Shoshone Anthelmintic. JUNIPERUS UTAHENSIS Juniper, Utah Strained cold water infusion of pulverized terminal twigs taken for worms. Shoshone Burn dressing. JUNIPERUS UTAHENSIS Juniper, Utah Poultice of mashed twigs applied to burns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Cold remedy. JUNIPERUS UTAHENSIS Juniper, Utah Simple or compound decoction of twigs or berries taken for colds. Shoshone Cough medicine. JUNIPERUS UTAHENSIS Juniper, Utah Decoction of twigs taken for coughs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Dermatological aid. JUNIPERUS UTAHENSIS Juniper, Utah Poultice of mashed twigs applied to swellings. . . . . . . . . . . . Strong decoction used as an antiseptic wash for measles and smallpox. Shoshone Disinfectant. JUNIPERUS UTAHENSIS Juniper, Utah Branches burned as a fumigant after illness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Strong decoction of twigs used as an antiseptic wash for measles & smallpox. Shoshone Diuretic. JUNIPERUS UTAHENSIS Juniper, Utah Decoction of berries taken to induce urination. . . . . . . . . Shoshone Heart medicine. JUNIPERUS UTAHENSIS Juniper, Utah Decoction of berries taken for heart trouble. . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Kidney aid. JUNIPERUS UTAHENSIS Juniper, Utah Compound decoction of twigs or decoction of berry taken for kidney ailments. Simple or compound decoction of young twigs taken for kidney trouble. Shoshone Misc disease remedy. JUNIPERUS UTAHENSIS Juniper, Utah Compound decoction of twigs taken for influenza and smallpox. Strong decoction of twigs used as an antiseptic wash for measles & smallpox. Shoshone Oral aid. JUNIPERUS UTAHENSIS Juniper, Utah Poultice of pounded leaves held to the jaw for swollen and sore gums. Shoshone Throat aid. JUNIPERUS UTAHENSIS Juniper, Utah Poultice of twigs applied to neck for sore throat. . Shoshone Tonic. JUNIPERUS UTAHENSIS Juniper, Utah Decoction of young twigs taken as a general tonic. Shoshone Toothache remedy. JUNIPERUS UTAHENSIS Juniper, Utah Poultice of leaves applied to jaw for toothache. . ..... Shoshone Venereal aid. JUNIPERUS UTAHENSIS Juniper, Utah Decoction of twigs taken for venereal disease. ...... . Washoe Analgesic. JUNIPERUS UTAHENSIS Juniper, Utah Fumes from burning twigs inhaled for headaches and colds. Washoe Cold remedy. JUNIPERUS UTAHENSIS Juniper, Utah Fumes from burning twigs inhaled for headaches and colds. Washoe Disinfectant. JUNIPERUS UTAHENSIS Juniper, Utah Branches burned as a fumigant after illness. . . . . . . . . . Juniperus 8copulorum Pinaceae Blackfeet Antiemetic. Cedar, red Infusion of berries taken to stop vomiting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cheyenne Ceremonial medicine. Juniper, Rocky Mountain Leaves burned as incense in ceremonies, especially to remove fear of thunder. Cheyenne Cold remedy. Juniper, Rocky Mountain Cones chewed, infusion of boughs or cones taken or as steambath for colds. Cheyenne Cough medicine. Juniper, Rocky Mountain Infusion of boughs or fleshy cones taken for coughing. Cheyenne Cough medicine. Infusion of leaves used for coughs or a tickling in the throat. Cheyenne Febrifuge. Juniper, Rocky Mountain Infusion of boughs or fleshy cones taken for high fevers. Cheyenne Gynecological aid. Juniper, Rocky Mountain Leaves burned at childbirth to promote delivery. . . . . Cheyenne Herbal steam. Juniper, Rocky Mountain Cones chewed, infusion of boughs or cones taken or as steambath for colds. Cheyenne Love medicine. Juniper, Rocky Mountain Wood flutes used to "charm a girl whom a man loved to make her love him." Cheyenne Sedative. Juniper, Rocky Mountain Infusion of boughs or fleshy cones taken as a sedative. . . . . . . . . . . Cheyenne Throat aid. Juniper, Rocky Mountain Infusion of boughs or cones taken for tickles in the throat or tonsilitis.

Genera

· (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) · (81:93-96) (45:276) (36:4) (36:4) (36:4) (33:170) (36:4) (36:4) (36:4) (36:4) (36:4) (36:4)

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245

Juniperus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Junipe1'U8 8copulorum Pinaceae Cheyenne Throat aid. Infusion of leaves used for coughs or a tickling in the throat. Montana Ind. Ceremonial medicine. Cedar, red Aromatic twigs burned as incense. . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho Ceremonial medicine. Juniper, Rocky Mountain Plant taken as a "War Dance medicine." Navaho Dermatological aid. Juniper, Rocky Mountain Plant rubbed on the hair for dandruff. Navaho-Kayenta Analgesic. Plant used for pain. . . . . . . . . . .. Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Juniper, Rocky Mountain Decoction of needles taken and used as lotion for headache and stomachache. Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Juniper, Rocky Mountain Cold infusion as ceremonial medicine to protect from enemies and witches. Navaho-Ramah Cold remedy. Juniper, Rocky Mountain Decoction of needles taken and used as lotion for colds. Navaho-Ramah Febrifuge. Juniper, Rocky Mountain Decoction of needles taken and used as lotion for fever. Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Juniper, Rocky Mountain Decoction of needles taken and used as lotion for stomachache. Navaho-Ramah Kidney aid. Juniper, Rocky Mountain Decoction of needles taken and used as lotion for kidney trouble. Navaho-Ramah Witchcraft medicine. Juniper, Rocky Mountain Cold infusion taken and as lotion in ceremony for protection from witches. Okanagan Urinary aid. Juniper Fruit eaten for bladder troubles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sanpoil Dermatological aid. Juniper, Rocky Mountain Decoction of leaves, stems, and berries used as a wash for sores. Sanpoil Tuberculosis remedy. Juniper, Rocky Mountain Berries eaten or decoction taken for tuberculosis. Sanpoil Unspecified. Juniper, Rocky Mountain Berries eaten or decoction taken for general illnesses. Shoshone Venereal aid. Cedar, Rocky Mountain red Decoction of twigs taken over a long period of time for venereal disease. Shuswap Insecticide. Juniper, Rocky Mountain Plant used to keep earwigs and bedbugs out of the house. Shuswap Misc disease remedy. Juniper, Rocky Mountain Decoction of plant used as a steam bath for the flu. .. Shuswap Panacea. Juniper, Rocky Mountain Decoction of stems and needles taken for any sickness. Swinomish Antirheumatic - Ext. Juniper, Rocky Mountain Infusion of roots used as a foot soak for rheumatism. Swinomish Disinfectant. Juniper, Rocky Mountain Decoction of leaves used to disinfect the house. Swinomish Panacea. Juniper, Rocky Mountain Infusion of leaves used as a wash for all ailments. Swinomish Tonic. Juniper, Rocky Mountain Infusion of leaves taken as a general tonic. Thompson Ind Diuretic. Juniper, Colorado Fresh berries eaten as a diuretic or as a medicine for the bladder. Thompson Ind Insecticide. Juniper, Colorado Strong decoction of berries used to kill ticks on horses. Thompson Ind Urinary aid. Juniper Fruit eaten for bladder troubles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Urinary aid. Juniper, Colorado Fresh berries eaten as a diuretic or as a medicine for the bladder. Thompson Ind Veterinary aid. Juniper, Colorado Strong decoction of berries used to kill ticks on horses. .. . . . . . . Junipe1'U8 sp. Pinaceae Creek Analgesic. Cedar Poultice of warm sprigs and leaves applied to rheumatic aches and pains. Creek Antirheumatic - Ext. Cedar Poultice of warm sprigs and leaves applied to rheumatic aches and pains. Creek Blood medicine. Cedar Plant used as a spring tonic, to thin the blood. Creek Tonic. Cedar Plant used as a spring tonic, to thin the blood. Gitksan Antihemorrhagic. Strong decoction of whole plant taken for hemorrhage and for kidney trouble.

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Genera

(33:170) . (3:14) (23:20) (23:20) (91:15) (84:12) (84:12) (84:12) (84:12) (84:12) (84:12) (84:12) (48:41) (51:221) (51:221) (51:221) (81:92) (47:50) (47:50) (47:50) (34:21) (34:21) (34:21) (34:21) (71:465) . (71:512) (48:41) (71:465) (71:512) (75:657) (75:657) (75:657) (75:657) (60:49)

Juniperus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Juniperus 8p. Pinaceae Gitksan Cathartic. Strong decoction of whole plant taken as a purgative; also, as a diuretic. Gitksan Diuretic. Strong decoction of whole plant taken as a diuretic; also, as a purgative. Gitksan Kidney aid. Strong decoction of whole plant for kidney trouble; also, for hemorrhage. Hopi Dermatological aid. Juniper Poultice of heated twigs applied to a bruise or sprain to reduce swelling. Hopi Disinfectant. Juniper Decoction of branch used as wash to disinfect persons after corpse burial. Hopi Gast-intestinal aid. Juniper Compound decoction of plant taken for indigestion. . . . . Hopi Gynecological aid. Juniper Plant used several ways to ease pregnancy and childbirth. Hopi Laxative. Juniper Decoction of leaves taken as a laxative. . . . . . . . . . . . Hopi Orthopedic aid. Juniper Poultice of heated twigs bound on bruise or sprain to reduce swelling. Hopi Pediatric aid. Juniper Plant ashes rubbed on newborn baby. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plant smoke used to make child behave; child held over fire. Navaho Misc disease remedy. Juniper Decoction of berries taken for influenza. . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Analgesic. JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS t Juniper, western Decoction of berries taken as a blood tonic and for menstrual cramps. Decoction of young twigs taken for stomachaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . Fumes from burning twigs or leaves inhaled for headaches and colds. Paiute Antihemorrhagic. JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS t Juniper, western Decoction of young twigs taken for hemorrhages. . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Antirheumatic - Ext. JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS t Juniper, western Branches used in the sweatbath for rheumatism or "heavy colds." . . . Decoction of berries taken or poultice of decoction applied for rheumatism. Poultice of boiled twigs applied & cooled decoction as wash for rheumatism. Paiute Blood medicine. JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS t Juniper, western Decoction of berries or young twigs taken as a blood tonic. Paiute Cold remedy. JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS t Juniper, western Branches used in the sweatbath for rheumatism or "heavy colds." Fumes from burning twigs or leaves inhaled for headaches and colds. Simple or compound decoction of twigs or berries taken for colds. Paiute Cough medicine. JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS t Juniper, western Decoction of twigs or berries taken for coughs. . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Dermatological aid. JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS t Juniper, western Compound poultice of twigs used as a drawing agent for boils or slivers. Poultice of mashed twigs applied for swellings or !:heumatism. Strong decoction used as an antiseptic wash for sores. Paiute Disinfectant. JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS t Juniper, western Branches burned as a fumigant after illness. . . . . . . . . Decoction of twigs used as an antiseptic wash for sores. Paiute Diuretic. JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS t Juniper, western Decoction of berries taken to induce urination. . . . . . . . Paiute Febrifuge. JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS t Juniper, western Simple or compound decoction of young twigs taken to reduce fevers. Paiute Gast-intestinal aid. JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS t Juniper, western Decoction of young twigs taken for stomachaches. . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Gynecological aid. JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS t Juniper, western Decoction of berries taken for menstrual cramps. . . . . . . . Paiute Kidney aid. JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS t Juniper, western Decoction of berries taken for kidney ailments. . . . . . . . . . Simple or compound decoction of young twigs taken for kidney trouble. Paiute Misc disease remedy. JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS t Juniper, western Compound decoction of young twigs taken for smallpox. . . . . . Decoction of young twigs taken for influenza. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Pulmonary aid. JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS t Juniper, western Compound decoction of twigs taken for fever, pneumonia, and influenza. Paiute Tonic. JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS t Juniper, western Decoction of berries taken as a blood tonic and for menstrual cramps. Decoction of young twigs taken as a blood tonic. . . . . . . . . Paiute Venereal aid. JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS t Juniper, western Decoction of shaved root taken for venereal disease. ..... . Decoction of twig or compound decoction of berry taken for venereal disease.

Genera

(60:49) (60:49) (60:49) (88:62,63) (88:62,63) (88:33,62) (88:35-6,62) · (88:62,63) · (88:32,62) (88:62,63) (88:62,63) (23:17) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96)

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247

Juniperus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Pinaceae Shoshone Anthelmintic. JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS t Juniper, western Strained cold water infusion of pulverized terminal twigs taken for worms. Shoshone Burn dressing. JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS t Juniper, western Poultice of mashed twigs applied to burns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Cold remedy. JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS t Juniper, western Simple or compound decoction of twigs or berries taken for colds. . Shoshone Cough medicine. JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS t Juniper, western Decoction of twigs taken for coughs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Dermatological aid. JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS t Juniper, western Poultice of mashed twigs applied to swellings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Strong decoction used as an antiseptic wash for measles and smallpox. . Shoshone Disinfectant. JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS t Juniper, western Branches burned as a fumigant after illness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Decoction of twigs used as an antiseptic wash for measles and smallpox. Shoshone Diuretic. JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS t Juniper, western Decoction of berries taken to induce urination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Heart medicine. JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS t Juniper, western Decoction of berries taken for heart trouble. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Kidney aid. JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS t Juniper, western Simple/compound decoction of twigs or decoction of berry for kidney trouble. Shoshone Misc disease remedy. JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS t Juniper, western Compound decoction of young twigs taken for influenza or smallpox. . . . . . . Decoction of twigs used as an antiseptic wash for measles and smallpox. ... . Shoshone Oral aid. JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS t Juniper, western Poultice of pounded, moistened leaves applied to jaw for swollen & sore gums. Shoshone Throat aid. JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS t Juniper, western Poultice of twigs applied to neck for sore throat. . . . . . . Shoshone Tonic. JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS t Juniper, western Decoction of young twigs taken as a general tonic. Shoshone Toothache remedy. JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS t Juniper, western Poultice of leaves applied to jaw for toothache. ........... . Shoshone Venereal aid. JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS t Juniper, western Decoction of twigs taken for venereal disease. . . . . . . . . . Washoe Analgesic. JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS t Juniper, western Fumes from burning twigs inhaled for headaches and colds. . .. Washoe Cold remedy. JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS t Juniper, western Fumes from burning twigs inhaled for headaches and colds. .. Washoe Disinfectant. JUNIPERUS OCCIDENTALIS t Juniper, western Branches burned as a fumigant after illness. . . . . . . . . . . . Juniperus virginiana Pinaceae Cherokee Abortifacient. Cedar, red Used as diaphoretic; also, used for "female obstructions." . . . . . . Cherokee Anthelmintic. Cedar, red Infusion taken for colds; also, decoction of berries given for worms. Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Cedar, red Used for rheumatism; also, used for "female obstructions." Cherokee Cold remedy. Cedar, red Infusion taken for colds; also, decoction of berries given for worms. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Cedar, red Used as ointment for itch, skin diseases, and "white swelling." Cherokee Diaphoretic. Cedar, red Used as diaphoretic; also, used for "female obstructions." Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Cedar, red Used as diaphoretic; also, used for measles. . . . . . . . . . Chippewa Antirheumatic - Ext. Cedar, red Compound decoction of twigs used as herbal stearn for rheumatism. Chippewa Antirheumatic - Int. Cedar, red Compound decoction of twigs taken for rh~umatism. . . . . . . . . . Chippewa Herbal steam. Cedar, red Compound decoction of twigs taken or used as herbal steam for rheumatism. Comanche Disinfectant. Juniper Smoke from leaves inhaled for purifying effect. Cree Diuretic. Cedar Leaves used as a diuretic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dakota Cold remedy. Cedar Smoke from burned twigs inhaled as a cold remedy. Dakota Cough medicine. Cedar Decoction of fruits and leaves taken for coughs. Dakota Misc disease remedy. Cedar Decoction of leaves taken and used as a wash for cholera. Juniperus sp.

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Genera

· (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) · (81:92-96) (35:28) (35:28) (35:28) (35:28) (35:28) (35:28) (35:28) (21:362) (21:362) (21:362) (10:522) (40:303) · (30:63,64) · (30:63,64) · (30:63,64)

Juniperus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Juniperus virginiana Pinaceae Dakota Veterinary aid. Cedar Decoction of fruits and leaves given to horses as a cough remedy. · (30:63,64) Delaware-Okl Antirheumatic - Ext. Cedar, red · (77:30,76) Infusion of twigs used as herbal steam for rheumatism. . . . . . . Delaware-Okl Herbal steam. Cedar (77:30) Infusion of roots or twigs used as herbal steam to treat rheumatism. Fox Adjuvant. Cedar, red (62:234) Wood prepared in warm water and used as a seasoner for other medicines. Fox Other. Cedar, red (62:234) Decoction of leaves taken by convalescent patients. . . . . . . . . . . . . Fox Stimulant. Cedar, red (62:234) Decoction of leaves taken for weakness and as a convalescent medicine. Iroquois Antirheumatic - Int. Cedar, eastern red (37:271) Compound decoction taken for colds, coughs, and rheumatism. Iroquois Cold remedy. Cedar, eastern red (37:271) Compound decoction taken for colds, coughs, and rheumatism. Iroquois Cough medicine. Cedar, eastern red (37:271) Compound decoction taken for colds, coughs, and rheumatism. Iroquois Diuretic. Cedar, eastern red (37:271) Compound decoction taken as a diuretic. Kiowa Oral aid. Cedar, red (85:13) Berries chewed for canker sores in the mouth. Omaha Ceremonial medicine. Cedar (28:320) Plant used in the vapor bath of the purificatory rites. Omaha Ceremonial medicine. (28:320) Plant used in the sun dance ceremony and various rituals. Omaha Cold remedy. Cedar Smoke from burned twigs inhaled as a cold remedy. · (30:63,64) Omaha Cough medicine. Cedar Decoction of fruits and leaves taken for coughs. · (30:63,64) Omaha Diaphoretic. Cedar Plant used in the vapor bath of the purificatory rites. · . (28:320) Omaha Herbal steam. Cedar · (30:63,64) Twigs used on hot stones in vapor bath, especially in purification rites. Omaha Veterinary aid. Cedar · (30:63,64) Decoction of fruits and leaves given to horses for coughs. Pawnee Cold remedy. Cedar · (30:63,64) Smoke from burned twigs inhaled as a cold remedy. Pawnee Cough medicine. Cedar Decoction of fruits and leaves taken for coughs. · (30:63,64) Pawnee Sedative. Cedar · (30:63,64) Smoke from burning twigs used as a treatment for nervousness and bad dreams. Pawnee Veterinary aid. Cedar · (30:63,64) Decoction of fruits and leaves given to horses for coughs. Ponca Cold remedy. Cedar Smoke from burned twigs inhaled as a cold remedy. · (30:63,64) Ponca Cough medicine. Cedar · (30:63,64) Decoction of fruits and leaves taken for coughs. Ponca Herbal steam. Cedar Twigs used on hot stones in vapor bath, especially in purification rites. . (30:63,64) Ponca Veterinary aid. Cedar Decoction of fruits and leaves given to horses for coughs. . (30:63,64) Rappahannock Misc disease remedy. Cedar, red Infusion of bark taken for summer complaint (summer cholera). (69:30) Rappahannock Pulmonary aid. Cedar, red Compound infusion with berries taken for shortness of breath. (69:30) Rappahannock Respiratory aid. Cedar, red Compound infusion with berries taken for asthma. (69:33) S Ojibwa Analgesic. Cedar, red Bruised leaves and berries used internally for headache. (39:198) Salishan Disinfectant. Juniper Plant used for fumigation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (80:294) Kallstroemia cali/ornica Zygophyllaceae Tewa Antidiarrheal. KALLSTROEMIA BRACHYSTYLIS Root used as a remedy for diarrhea. . . . . . . . (54:56,57) Tewa Dermatological aid. KALLSTROEMIA BRACHYSTYLIS Poultice of chewed leaves applied to a sore or swelling. . (54:56,57) Kalmia angusti/olia Ericaceae Cree Gast-intestinal aid. Bitter tea Decoction of twigs with leaves and flowers taken for bowel complaints. . . . . . . . . . . . . (40:303)

Genera

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249

Kalmia

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Kalmia angustifolia Ericaceae Cree Tonic. Bitter tea Decoction of twigs with leaves and flowers taken as a tonic. Micmac Analgesic. Laurel, sheep Herb used to treat pain; also, used for swellings and for sprains. Poultice of crushed leaves bound to head for headache. Micmac Dermatological aid. Laurel, sheep Herb used to treat swellings; also, used for pain and for sprains. Micmac Orthopedic aid. Laurel, sheep Herb used to treat sprains; also, used for pain and for swellings. Micmac Panacea. Laurel, sheep · Infusion of leaves considered valuable as a "non-specific remedy." Micmac Poison. Laurel, sheep Plant known to be very poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . Montagnais Analgesic. Laurel, sheep Infusion of leaves taken sparingly for colds and backache. Montagnais Cold remedy. Laurel, sheep Infusion of leaves taken sparingly for colds and backache. · Montagnais Gast-intestinal aid. Infusion of leaves taken for stomach complaints; poisonous if too strong. · Montagnais Poison. Laurel, sheep Leaves known to be poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · Penobscot Analgesic. Lambkill Compound poultice of plant used on cuts made in painful area to treat pain. · Penobscot Panacea. Lambkill Compound poultice of plant applied "for all kinds of trouble." . . . . . . . . . Kalmia glauca Ericaceae Kwakiutl Antihemorrhagic. Decoction of leaves taken for "spitting of blood." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Decoction of leaves used as wash for open sores and wounds that do not heal. Tlingit Dermatological aid. Laurel, American Infusion of whole plant used for skin ailments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kalmia lam/olia Ericaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Laurel, mountain Infusion of leaves put on scratches made over location of the pain. Cherokee Antirheumatic - Ext. Laurel, mountain "Bristly edges of ten to twelve leaves" rubbed over skin for rheumatism. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Laurel, mountain Crushed leaves used to "rub brier scratches." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Disinfectant. Laurel, mountain Infusion used as a wash "to get rid of pests;" also, used as a liniment. Cherokee Orthopedic aid. Laurel, mountain "Leaf ooze rubbed into scratched skin of ball players to prevent cramps." Compound used as liniment; also, leaf salve used "for healing." Cherokee Panacea. Laurel, mountain Compound used as liniment; also, leaf salve used "for healing." Cree Antidiarrheal. Decoction of leaves taken for diarrhea. · Cree Poison. Plant is poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . Mahuna Dermatological aid. Laurel, California mountain Plant used as a body deodorizer. Mahuna Poison. Laurel, California mountain Plant is poisonous. . . . . . . . . .. Kalmia poli/olia Ericaceae Kwakiutl Antihemorrhagic. Laurel, swamp Decoction of leaves taken for blood spitting. . . . . . . . . . . . Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Laurel, swamp Decoction of leaves used as a wash for open sores and wounds. Thompson Ind Unspecified. Kalmia, bog Decoction of plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose. Kochia americana Chenopodiaceae Navaho-Kayenta Venereal aid. Plant used for venereal disease. . . . . . . . . . . Kochia sp. Chenopodiaceae Navaho Dermatological aid. KOCHIA TRICHOPHYLLA Plant used for sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Koeleria cristat4 Poaceae Cheyenne Ceremonial medicine. Koeleria Plant used in the Sun Dance ceremony. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

250

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Genera

(40:303) (15:57) (66:316) (15:57) (15:57) (66:316) (66:316) (66:314) (66:314) (66:317) (66:314) (66:311) (66:311) (4:380) (4:380) (43:284) (79:48) (35:42) (35:42) (35:42) (35:42) (35:42) (35:42) (40:303) (40:303) (55:52) (55:52) (82:283) (82:283) (71:465) (91:21) (38:152) (36:10)

Koeleria

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Koeleria cristata Poaceae Cheyenne Dermatological aid. Koeleria (36:10) Plant used for cuts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cheyenne Stimulant. Koeleria (36:10) Plant tied to Sun Dancers head to prevent him from getting tired. Kmmeria gmyi Fabaceae Paiute Dermatological aid. (81:96) Infusion of root as a wash for gonorrheal sores & gonorrheal eye infections. (81:96) Root powder or decoction of root applied to sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Disinfectant. (81:96) Infusion of root as a wash for gonorrheal sores & gonorrheal eye infections. Paiute Eye medicine. (81:96) Infusion of root as a wash for gonorrheal sores & gonorrheal eye infections. Paiute Venereal aid. (81:96) Decoction of root taken & as a wash for gonorrheal eye infections and sores. Pima Analgesic. Ratany (17:91) Infusion of roots taken for pain. Pima Cough medicine. Ratany (17:91) Infusion of roots taken for coughs. Pima Dermatological aid. Ratany (17:91) Decoction of roots applied as poultice to sores caused by "bad disease." (17:91) Poultice of powdered roots applied to prevent infection on newborn's navel. Pima Disinfectant. Ratany (17:91) Poultice of powdered roots applied to prevent infection on newborn's navel. Pima Eye medicine. Ratany (17:91) Infusion of twigs used for sore eyes. Pima Febrifuge. Ratany (17:91) Infusion of roots taken for fevers. Pima Other. Ratany (17:91) Decoction of roots applied as poultice to sores caused by "bad disease." Pima Pediatric aid. Ratany (17:91) Poultice of powdered roots applied to prevent infection on newborn's navel. Pima Throat aid. Ratany (17:91) Root chewed for sore throats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Dermatological aid. (81:96) Infusion of pulverized root used as a wash for swellings. Kmmeria parvifolia Fabaceae Pima Dermatological aid. (56:80) Poultice of powdered root applied to sores. Kuhnia rosmarinifolia Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Cough medicine. Boneset, false (84:52) Decoction of root taken for old injury and cough. Navaho-Ramah Other. Boneset, false (84:52) Decoction of root taken for old injury or cough. Lachnanthes caroliniana Haemodoraceae Cherokee Antihemorrhagic. Red root (35:52) Taken for bowel complaints; also, taken for "spitting blood." Cherokee Cancer treatment. Red root (35:52) Strong decoction used as a wash for cancer. . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Dermatological aid. Red root (35:52) Root is astringent; strong decoction used as a wash for cancer. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Red root Taken for bowel complaints; also, taken for "spitting blood." (35:52) Cherokee Gynecological aid. Red root Taken for "flooding;" also, used for bloody piles. (35:52) Cherokee Hemorrhoid remedy. Red root Taken for "flooding;" also, used for bloody piles. (35:52) Cherokee Oral aid. Red root Used for sore mouth & throat; compound decoction taken for venereal disease. (35:52) Cherokee Throat aid. Red root Used for sore mouth & throat; compound decoction taken for venereal disease. (35:52) Cherokee Venereal aid. Red root Used for sore mouth & throat; compound decoction taken for venereal disease. (35:52) Lachnanthes sp. Haemodoraceae Catawba Veterinary aid. GYROTHECA CAPITATA Red root Infusion of dried, powdered root given to horses as a tonic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (67:188) Lactuca biennis Asteraceae Bella Coola Analgesic. LACTUCA SPICATA Lettuce, tall Decoction of root taken for body pain, but not pain in the limbs. (60:65) Bella Coola Antidiarrheal. LACTUCA SPICATA Lettuce, tall Decoction of root taken for vomiting or for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . (60~65)

Genera

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251

Lactuca

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Lactuca biennis Asteraceae Bella Coola Antiemetic. LACTUCA SPICATA Lettuce, tall Decoction of root taken for vomiting or for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . (60:65) Bella Coola Antihemorrhagic. LACTUCA SPICATA Lettuce, tall Decoction of root taken for hemorrhage, body pain, and heart trouble. (60:65) Bella Coola Heart medicine. LACTUCA SPICATA Lettuce, tall Decoction of root taken for heart trouble, hemorrhage, and pain. (60:65) Ojibwa Gynecological aid. LACTUCA SPICATA Lettuce, tall blue Infusion of plant relieves caked breast and eases lactation. (63:364,365) Potawatomi Unspecified. LACTUCA SPICATA Lettuce, tall blue Plant used as a medicine for unspecified illnesses. . . . . .. (64:52) Lactuca canadensis Asteraceae Cherokee Analgesic. Lettuce Used to relieve painj also, infusion given "for calming nerves." (35:42) Cherokee Ceremonial medicine. Lettuce Used as an ingredient in a green corn medicine. . . . . . . . (35:42) Cherokee Sedative. Lettuce Infusion given "for calming nervesj" also, "produces sleep." (35:42) Cherokee Stimulant. Lettuce Infusion given for "milksickj" also used as a stimulant. (35:42) Cherokee Veterinary aid. Lettuce Infusion given for "milksickj" also used as a stimulant. (35:42) Chippewa Dermatological aid. Lettuce, wild (21:350) Milky sap from fresh plant rubbed on warts. . . . . . . Iroquois Analgesic. Lettuce, wild Compound infusion of roots and bark taken for back pain. (37:478) Iroquois Eye medicine. Lettuce, wild Compound infusion of roots and bark taken for dark circles and puffy eyes. (37:478) Iroquois Hemostat. Lettuce, wild Poultice of smashed roots applied to severe bleeding from a cut. (37:478) Iroquois Kidney aid. Lettuce, wild Compound infusion of roots and bark taken for kidney trouble. . (37:478) Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Lettuce, wild Compound infusion of roots and bark taken for back pain. (37:478) Menominee Dermatological aid. Lettuce, wild Milky juice of plant rubbed on poison ivy eruptions. (61:31) Lactuca pulchella Asteraceae Iroquois Hemorrhoid remedy. Lettuce, blue Poultice of plants applied to piles. (37:478) Lactuca scariola Asteraceae Fox Gynecological aid. Lettuce, prickly (62:215) Infusion of leaves taken after childbirth to hasten the flow of milk. Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. LACTUCA SERRIOLA Lettuce, prickly (84:52) Compound decoction of plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. LACTUCA SERRIOLA Lettuce, prickly Compound decoction of plant used as a ceremonial emetic. (84:52) Lactuca sp. Asteraceae Navaho Antidiarrheal. LACTUCA VIROSA Lettuce, wild (38:152) Plant used for gastroenteritis (nausea, vomiting and diarrhea). Navaho Antiemetic. LACTUCA VIROSA Lettuce, wild Plant used for gastroenteritis (nausea, vomiting and diarrhea). (38:152) Navaho Gast-intestinal aid. LACTUCA VIROSA Lettuce, wild Plant used for gastroenteritis (nausea, vomiting and diarrhea). (38:152) Lagenaria sp. Cucurbitaceae Houma Analgesic. LAGENARIA SICERARIA Gourd vine Poultice of crushed leaves applied to the forehead to cure a headache. . . . . . . . . . . . . (68:62) Lagenaria vulgaris Cucurbitaceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Gourd Seeds soaked and used as poultice for boils. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (35:37) Langloisia matthewsii Polemoniaceae Tubatulabal Cold remedy. Decoction of plant taken for colds. . .. (86:59) Laportea canadensis Urticaceae Fox Diuretic. Nettle, wood Root used as a diurientj also, used to cure the incontinence of urine. (62:250,251) Fox Urinary aid. Nettle, wood Root used as a "diurientj" also, used to cure the incontinence of urine. (62:250,251) Houma Febrifuge. Nettle, bush Decoction of plant taken for fever. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (68:60) Iroquois Antidote. Nettle, wood Decoction taken to counteract poison made from menstrual blood and fruit. (37:307)

252

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Genera

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Laportea

Table 1: Genera - Laportea canadensis Urticaceae Iroquois Emetic. Nettle, wood Decoction of roots taken to vomit to neutralize a love medicine. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Nettle, wood Infusion of smashed roots taken to facilitate childbirth. Iroquois Psychological aid. Nettle, wood Decoction taken to counteract loneliness because your woman has left. Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Nettle, wood Compound infusion of smashed roots taken for tuberculosis. Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Nettle, wood Decoction taken "when your woman goes off and won't come back." Ojibwa Diuretic. Nettle, wood Infusion of root taken as a diuretic. . . . . . . . . . . . Ojibwa Urinary aid. Nettle, wood Infusion of root said to cure various urinary ailments. Lappula redowskii Boraginaceae Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Poultice of plant applied to sores caused by insects. Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Stickseed Cold infusion used as lotion for sores or swellings. . Lappula sp. Boraginaceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. LAPPULA VIRGINIANA Stickseed Decoction of roots used as a bath and taken for itching genitals. Iroquois Insecticide. LAPPULA VIRGINIANA Stickseed, Virginia Plants used around potatoes to keep bugs off. No preparation indicated. Thompson Ind Unspecified. LAPPULA HISPIDA Stickseed Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lappula texana Boraginaceae Navaho Gynecological aid. Stickseed Parts of the plant used at confinement. Navaho Hemostat. Stickseed Parts of the plant used for nosebleeds. Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Plant used as a lotion for itching. Larix lancina Pinaceae Chippewa Blood medicine. Tamarack Infusion of bark taken for anemic conditions. Chippewa Burn dressing. Tamarack Poultice of chopped inner bark applied to burns. Iroquois Analgesic. Tamarack Fermented compound decoction taken for fever and soreness. Iroquois Antirheumatic - Int. Tamarack Compound decoction taken for colds, coughs, and rheumatism. Iroquois Blood medicine. Tamarack Fermented compound decoction taken when "blood gets bad and cold." Iroquois Cold remedy. Tamarack Compound decoction taken for colds, coughs, and rheumatism. Iroquois Cough medicine. Tamarack Compound decoction taken for colds, coughs, and rheumatism. Iroquois Febrifuge. Tamarack Fermented compound decoction taken for fever and soreness. . Iroquois Stimulant. Tamarack Fermented compound decoction taken when one is tired from complaint. Iroquois Venereal aid. Tamarack Compound decoction taken for gonorrhea. . ................ . Compound powder poultice "put in bag, place penis in bag & tie around waist." Menominee Dermatological aid. LARIX LAReINA Tamarack Poultice of bark used for unspecified ailments. . . . . . . . . . . Menominee Other. LARIX LAReINA Tamarack Infusion of bark "drives out inflammation and generates heat." Menominee Veterinary aid. LARIX LAReINA Tamarack Infusion of bark given to horses "to better their condition from distemper." Micmac Cold remedy. Tamarack Bark used to treat colds; also, used to treat physical weakness. . . . Micmac Dermatological aid. Tamarack Bark used to treat "suppurating wounds;" also, used to treat colds. Micmac Stimulant. Tamarack Bark used to treat colds; also, used to treat physical weakness. Micmac Tuberculosis remedy. Tamarack Bark used to treat gonorrhea; also, used to treat consumption.

Genera

(37:307) (37:306) (37:307) (37:307) (37:307) (63:391,392) (63:391,392) (91:40) (84:41) . (79:52) (37:420) (71:474) (38:153) (38:153) (91:40) (31:123) (21:352) (37:268) (37:268) (37:268) (37:268) (37:268) (37:268) (37:268) (37:268) (37:268) (61:45) (61:45) (61:45) (15:58) (15:58) (15:58) (15:58)

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253

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Larix

Table 1: Genera - La:ria; lamina Pinaceae Micmac Venereal aid. Tamarack (15:58) Bark used to treat gonorrhea; also, used to treat consumption. Montagnais Expectorant. Tamarack . (7:14) Infusion of buds and bark taken as an expectorant. Ojibwa Disinfectant. Tamarack Dried leaves used as an inhalant and fumigator. .. (63:378,379) Potawatomi Dermatological aid. Tamarack Poultice of fresh inner bark applied to wounds and inflammations. · (64:69,70) Potawatomi Other. Tamarack Infusion of bark taken to drive out inflammation and to warm body. · (64:69,70) Potawatomi Veterinary aid. Tamarack Shredded inner bark mixed with feed to make horse's hide loose. · (64:69,70) lArix occidentalis Pinaceae Thompson Ind Pediatric aid. Larch Decoction of leaves used as a healthful, strengthening wash for infants. . . . . . . . . . . . (71:475) lArix Bp. Pinaceae Ojibwa Unspecified. LARIX AMERICANA Tamarack (52:244) Infusion of roots and bark used as a general medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S Ojibwa Analgesic. LARIX AMERICANA Tamarack (39:198) Boiled, crushed leaves & bark used as herbal steam for headache and backache. (39:198) Poultice of crushed leaves and bark applied to relieve headache. . . . . . . . . . S Ojibwa Herbal steam. LARIX AMERICANA Tamarack Boiled, crushed leaves & bark used as herbal steam for headache and backache. (39:198) Thompson Ind Pediatric aid. LARIX OCCIDENTALIS t Larch (71:475) Decoction of plant used as a wash to make babies strong and healthy. lArrea divaricata Zygophyllaceae Kawaiisu Analgesic. LARREA TRIDENTATA t Creosote bush (92:36) Decoction of leaves used as a wash for sore and aching parts of the body. Kawaiisu Disinfectant. LARREA TRIDENTATA t Creosote bush (92:36) Plant used for its antiseptic properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kawaiisu Orthopedic aid. LARREA TRIDENTATA t Creosote bush (92:36) Decoction of leaves used as a wash for sore and aching parts of the body. (92:36) Poultice of heated leaves applied to aching limbs. Kawaiisu Other. LARREA TRIDENTATA t Creosote bush Plant used for medicinal purposes. . . . . . . . . . . (92:36) Kawaiisu Veterinary aid. LARREA TRIDENTATA t Creosote bush (92:36) Decoction of leaves used for collar sores on draft animals. Paiute Analgesic. Creosote bush Decoction of leaves taken for bowel cramps. · (81:96,97) Paiute Antirheumatic - Ext. Creosote bush Infusion of leaves used as a wash for rheumatism. · (81:96,97) Paiute Burn dressing. Creosote bush Compound decoction of leaves with badger oil used as a salve for burns. · (81:96,97) Paiute Cold remedy. Creosote bush Decoction of leaves taken for colds. . . . . · (81:96,97) Paiute Dermatological aid. Creosote bush Dried, powdered leaves sprinkled on sores. · (81:96,97) Paiute Gast-intestinal aid. Creosote bush Decoction of leaves taken for bowel cramps. · (81:96,97) Paiute Mise disease remedy. Creosote bush Infusion of leaves used as a wash for chickenpox. · (81:96,97) Paiute Panacea. Creosote bush Plant used for many different illnesses; considered a "cure-all." · (81:96,97) Paiute Venereal aid. Creosote bush Compound decoction of leaves taken for gonorrhea. · (81:96,97) Shoshone Cold remedy. Creosote bush Decoction of leaves taken for colds. . . . . . . . . . . · (81:96,97) Shoshone Diuretic. Creosote bush Decoction of leaves taken to "stimulate urination." · (81:96,97) Shoshone Venereal aid. Creosote bush Decoction of leaves taken for venereal disease. · (81:96,97) lArrea sp. Zygophyllaceae Coahuilla Gast-intestinal aid. LARREA MEXICANA Creosote bush Infusion of leaves taken for bowel complaints; also, for consumption. (2:78) Coahuilla Tuberculosis remedy. LARREA MEXICANA Creosote bush Infusion of leaves taken for consumption; also, for bowel complaints. (2:78) Coahuilla Veterinary aid. LARREA MEXICANA Creosote bush Plant given to horses to treat colds, distemper, or runny nose. (2:79) Mahuna Dermatological aid. LARREA MEXICANA Creosote bush, American Infusion of plant used for dandruff and as a disinfectant and deodorizer. (55:37)

254

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Genera

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Larrea

Table 1: Genera - Larrea sp. Zygophyllaceae Mahuna Disinfectant. LARREA MEXICANA Creosote bush, American Infusion of plant used for dandruff and as a disinfectant and deodorizer. Mahuna Gast-intestinal aid. LARREA MEXICANA Creosote bush, American Plant used for cramps of the stomach due to delayed menstruation. Pima Emetic. LARREA MEXICANA Creosote bush Decoction of leaves taken as an emetic. . . . . . . . . Pima Unspecified. LARREA MEXICANA Creosote bush Poultice of boiled leaves used for unspecified purpose. Larrea tridentata Zygophyllaceae Papago Analgesic. COVILLEA GLUTINOSA Creosote bush Branches used as bed for women with menstrual cramps or after childbirth. Papago Antirheumatic - Ext. COVILLEA GLUTINOSA Creosote bush Poultice of heated branches applied for rheumatism. Poultice of heated branches applied to joints. . . . . . . . . . . . Papago Dermatological aid. COVILLEA GLUTINOSA Creosote bush Dried, powdered leaf rubbed on infant's navel to promote healing. Plant used for poisonous bites and sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Poultice of chewed leaves placed on insect bites, snake bites, and sores. Poultice of chewed plant applied to snake, spider, or scorpion bites. Poultice of dried powdered leaves applied to infant's navel. Papago Emetic. COVILLEA GLUTINOSA Creosote bush Decoction of leaves taken as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . .

(55:37) (55:14) (56:79) (56:79) (12:64) (13:65) (12:65) · (12:64,65) (13:64) (12:65) (13:65) (13:65) · (12:64,65) .. (13:65)

Papago Gynecological aid. COVILLEA GLUTINOSA Creosote bush Branches used as bed for women with menstrual cramps or after childbirth. Infusion of leaves rubbed on breasts to start milk flow. . ... Infusion of leaves used as wash on breasts to start milk flow. Poultice of heated branches applied to facilitate childbirth. Papago Orthopedic aid. COVILLEA GLUTINOSA Creosote bush Green branches laid on ashes, aching feet and stiff limbs held in smoke. Plant used for stiff limbs. No preparation or application indicated. Smoke from smoldering green branches used for sore feet. Papago Pediatric aid. COVILLEA GLUTINOSA Creosote bush Dried, powdered leaf rubbed on infant's navel to promote healing. Poultice of dried powdered leaves applied to infant's navel. Papago Snake bite remedy. COVILLEA GLUTINOSA Creosote bush Poultice of chewed leaves placed on snake bites, insect bites, and sores. Poultice of chewed plant applied to snake, spider, or scorpion bites. .. Pima Analgesic. Creosote bush Decoction of twigs taken for gas pains or headaches caused by upset stomachs. Infusion of leaves taken for pain or used as bath & rub for rheumatic pains. Poultice of heated branches and leaves applied for pain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pima Antidiarrheal. Creosote bush Plant gum chewed & swallowed as an antidysenteric & intestinal antipasmodic. Pima Antirheumatic - Ext. Creosote bush Infusion of leaves used as bath & rub or poultice applied to rheumatic pains. Pima Antirheumatic - Int. Creosote bush Infusion of plant taken for rheumatism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pima Carminative. Creosote bush Decoction of branches taken for gas caused by upset stomach or for gas pains .. Pima Cold remedy. Creosote bush Decoction of gum taken for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pima Dermatological aid. Creosote bush Infusion of plant used as wash for impetigo sores or to remove dandruff. .. Poultice of leaves applied to prevent feet from perspiring or as a deodorant. Poultice of leaves applied to scratches, wounds, sores and bruises. Pima Emetic. Creosote bush Decoction of leaves taken as an emetic to reduce high fevers. Pima Febrifuge. Creosote bush Decoction of leaves taken as an emetic to reduce high fevers. Pima Gast-intestinal aid. Creosote bush Decoction of plant taken for stomachaches and cramps. Plant gum chewed and swallowed as an intestinal antispasmodic. Pima Oral aid. Creosote bush Decoction of gum used as a gargle. . . . . . . . . . Pima Other. Creosote bush Smoke from plant used for weakness and laziness. Pima Panacea. Creosote bush Plant used to cure everything. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Genera

.. (12:64) · (12:64,65) .. (13:65) .. (13:65) · (12:64,65) (13:64) .. (13:65) · (12:64,65) (13:65) (12:65) (13:65) (17:61) (17:61) (17:61) (17:61) (17:61) (17:61) (17:61) (17:61) (17:61) (17:61) (17:61) (17:61) (17:61) (17:61) (17:61) (17:61) (17:61) (17:61)

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255

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Larrea

Table 1: Genera -In.rrea tridentata Zygophyllaceae Pima Stimulant. Creosote bush (17:61) Smoke from plant used for weakness and laziness. Pima Toothache remedy. Creosote bush Infusion of plant held in the mouth for toothaches. (17:61) Pima Tuberculosis remedy. Creosote bush Decoction of gum taken for tuberculosis. . . . . . . (17:61) Pima Urinary aid. Creosote bush (17:61) Infusion of leaves taken for disuria (difficulty in passing urine). Lathyrus euCOBmUS Fabaceae Navaho-Kayenta Gynecological aid. Plant used to remove placenta. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (91:28) Navaho-Ramah Disinfectant. Peavine (84:32) Cold infusion taken and used as a lotion for "deer infection." Navaho-Ramah Veterinary aid. Peavine (84:32) Cold infusion used as lotion on horses for swellings or injuries. In.thyrus jepsonii Fabaceae Mendocino Ind Orthopedic aid. LATHYRUS WATSONI Poultice of boiled plants applied to swollen joints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... (16:357) In.thyrus ochroleuc'U8 Fabaceae Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. Vetchling, creamy (63:372,373) Plant used for stomach trouble. . . . . . . . . . . . . Ojibwa Veterinary aid. Vetchling, creamy Foliage fed to a pony to make him lively for a race. (63:372,373) In.thyrus palustris Fabaceae Ojibwa Veterinary aid. Vetchling, marsh Plant fed to a sick pony to make him fat. · (63:373) In.thyrus veno8'U8 Fabaceae Chippewa Anticonvulsive. Pea, wild Simple/compound decoction of root taken or applied to chest for convulsions. · (21:336) Chippewa Emetic. Pea, wild Decoction of root taken as an emetic for internal blood accumulation. · (21:356) Chippewa Hemostat. Pea, wild Poultice of boiled root applied to wounds to stop bleeding. · (21:356) Chippewa Stimulant. Pea, wild Decoction of root taken as a stimulant. · (21:364) Chippewa Tonic. Pea, wild Decoction of root taken as a tonic. · (21:364) In.thyrus vestitus Fabaceae Costanoan Emetic. (5:19) Decoction of roots used as emetic for internal injuries & as general remedy. Costanoan Panacea. (5:19) Decoction of roots used as emetic for internal injuries & as general remedy. Lechea sp. Cistaceae Catawba Dermatological aid. Pinweed (79:43) Infusion of beaten roots applied to sores. I.edum groenlandicum Ericaceae Bella Coola Analgesic. Labrador tea (60:63) Decoction of leaves taken for pain in the stomach. Bella Coola Gast-intestinal aid. Labrador tea (60:63) Decoction of leaves taken for stomach pain. . ... Chippewa Burn dressing. Labrador tea Powder containing powdered root applied to burns and ulcers. · (21:354) Chippewa Dermatological aid. Labrador tea Powder containing powdered root applied to burns and ulcers. · (21:354) Cree Analgesic. LEDUM LATIFOLIUM Country tea (40:303) Infusion of flowering tops used for insect sting pain. Cree Antirheumatic - Ext. LEDUM LATIFOLIUM Country tea Infusion of flowering tops used for rheumatism. (40:303) Cree Dermatological aid. LEDUM LATIFOLIUM Country tea (40:303) Boiled, powdered wood applied to chafed skin. . .. Poultice of fresh, chewed leaves applied to wounds. · (40:303) Cree Orthopedic aid. LEDUM LATIFOLIUM Country tea Infusion of flowering tops used for tender feet. (40:303) Gitksan Diuretic. Labrador tea Decoction of leaves used as a diuretic; also, used as a beverage. (60:63) Kwakiutl Narcotic. Labrador tea Leaves are narcotic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (82:283) Makah Blood medicine. Labrador tea Infusion of leaves taken as a blood purifier. (34:43)

256

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Genera

Ledum

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Ledum groenlandicum Ericaceae Micmac Cold remedy. LEDUM LATIFOLIUM Labrador tea (15:58) Leaves used to treat asthma and the common cold. Micmac Diuretic. LEDUM LATIFOLIUM (66:317) Decoction of leaves taken as a diuretic. . . . . . . . Micmac Kidney aid. LEDUM LATIFOLIUM Labrador tea (15:58) Leaves used to treat kidney trouble; also, leaves used for a beverage. Micmac Misc disease remedy. Indian tea tree (15:58) Leaves used to treat scurvy; also, used as a beverage. Micmac Respiratory aid. LEDUM LATIFOLIUM Labrador tea (15:58) Leaves used to treat asthma and the common cold. Micmac Tonic. Labrador tea (66:316) Infusion of leaves taken for a "beneficial effect on the system." Montagnais Blood medicine. Labrador tea (66:313) Infusion of leaves and twigs taken to purify the blood. Montagnais Febrifuge. Labrador tea (7:14) Poultice of plant applied or infusion taken for fever. Montagnais Liver aid. Labrador tea (7:14) Poultice of plant applied or infusion given for jaundice in children. Montagnais Other. Labrador tea (66:313) Infusion of leaves and twigs "taken in case of chill." . . . . . . . . . Montagnais Pediatric aid. Labrador tea . (7:14) Poultice of plant applied or infusion given to children for jaundice. Potawatomi Other. Labrador tea (64:57) Compound containing leaves used to correct unspecified ailment. Quinault Antirheumatic - Int. Labrador tea (34:43) Infusion of leaves taken for rheumatism. Salishan Tonic. Labrador tea Decoction of plants taken as a tonic. (80:294) Shuswap Dermatological aid. Labrador tea Infusion or decoction of leaves taken for poison ivy. (47:56) Shuswap Eye medicine. Labrador tea Decoction of plants used for blindness, sore eyes and poison ivy. (47:62) Ledum palUBtre Ericaceae Nunivak Eskimo Unspecified. LEDUM DECUMBENS Infusion of stems and leaves used for its medicinal value. (59:325) Tlingit Venereal aid. Labrador tea Compound infusion of sprouts and bark taken for syphilis. (43:283) W. Eskimo Analgesic. LEDUM DECUMBENS Labrador tea Compound decoction of stem & leaf for stomachache & intestinal discomfort. (44:5) W. Eskimo Gast-intestinal aid. LEDUM DECUMBENS Labrador tea Compound decoction of stem & leaf for stomachache and intestinal discomfort. (44:5) W. Eskimo Pediatric aid. LEDUM DECUMBENS Labrador tea Burning dried stalk shaken around head and shoulders of sick child. . . . . . . (46:32) Leiophyllum buxifolium Ericaceae Nanticoke Tonic. Sand myrtle Berries used to make a spring tonic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (77:58,84) Leonurus cardiaca Lamiaceae Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Motherwort (35:45) Taken as a stimulant, for fainting; also, taken for "disease of the stomach." . Cherokee Sedative. Motherwort (35:45) Given for "nervous and hysterical affections;" also, taken as a stimulant. . . Cherokee Stimulant. Motherwort (35:45) Taken as a stimulant, for fainting; also, taken for "disease of the stomach." . Delaware-Okl Gynecological aid. Motherwort . (77:32,76) Infusion of leaves taken for "female diseases." Micmac Gynecological aid. Motherwort (15:58) Part of plant used in the treatment of obstetric cases. Mohegan Gynecological aid. Motherwort (78:72,130) Infusion of leaf taken for diseases peculiar to women; highly regarded herb. (76:265) Infusion of plant taken for peculiar ills of women. (11:121) Infusion taken for "female ills." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mohegan Tonic. Motherwort (76:266) Complex compound infusion including motherwort taken as spring tonic. Shinnecock Gynecological aid. Motherwort (11:121) Infusion taken for "female ills." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lepidium densifiorum Brassicaceae Mahuna Dietary aid. LEPIDIUM EPETALUM Pepper grass (55:66) Infusion of plant taken as a reducing aid. Navaho-Kayenta Other. (91:24) Plant used for effects of swallowing an ant.

Genera

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257

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Lepidium

Table 1: Genera - Lepidium densiftorum Brassicaceae

Navaho-Kayenta Pediatric aid. (91:24) Plant rubbed on baby's face to put infant to sleep. Navaho-Kayenta Sedative. (91:24) Plant rubbed on baby's face to put infant to sleep. Lepidium lasiocarpum Brassicaceae Navaho Disinfectant. Pepper grass (38:153) Plant used as a "disinfectant." Lepidium montanum Brassicaceae Navaho-Kayenta Gast-intestinal aid. (91:24) Plant used for biliousness and gastro-intestinal disorders. Navaho-Kayenta Heart medicine. (91:24) Plant used for palpitations and dizziness. Navaho-Kayenta Other. (91:24) Plant used for palpitations and dizziness. Lepidium virginicum Brassicaceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Pepper grass (35:48) Bruised root used as poultice to "draw blister quickly." Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Pepper grass (35:48) Used as poultice for croup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Veterinary aid. Pepper grass (35:48) Infusion given to sick chickens; also, mixed with feed to make chickens lay. Houma Tuberculosis remedy. Pepper grass (68:64) Compound decoction of plant with whiskey taken to cure tuberculosis . . . Menominee Dermatological aid. Pepper grass, Virginia (61:33) Infusion of plant used as a wash, or bruised plant used to cure poison ivy. Leptarrhena pyrolifolia Saxifragaceae Aleut Misc disease remedy. · (1:427) Infusion of leaves taken for "sicknesses such as influenza." Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. LEPTARRHENIA AMPLEXIFOLIA Poultice of chewed fresh leaves applied to wounds and sores. · (71:465) Leptodactylon pungens Polemoniaceae Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. GILIA PUNGENS (91:38) Plant used for scorpion stings. . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Kidney aid. GILIA PUNGENS (91:38) Plant used for kidney disease. . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Disinfectant. GILIA PUNGENS (84:40) Decoction of plant used for "snake infection." Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. GILIA PUNGENS (84:40) Decoction of plant taken during pregnancy keeps baby small, for easy labor. Shoshone Eye medicine. GILIA PUNGENS (81:81) Decoction or infusion of plant used as a wash for sore or swollen eyes. Leptotoenia multifida Apiaceae Cheyenne Analgesic. Infusion of dried roots taken for stomach pains or internal disorders. · (33:182) Cheyenne Gast-intestinal aid. (33:182) Infusion of dried roots taken for stomach pains or internal disorders. Cheyenne Tonic. (33:182) Infusion of dried roots taken as a tonic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lespedeza capitata Fabaceae Fox Antidote. Bush clover · . (62:229) Root used as antidote for poison. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Omaha Analgesic. Rabbit foot · (30:97,98) Moxa of stems used in cases of neuralgia and rheumatism. Omaha Antirheumatic - Ext. Rabbit foot Moxa of stems used in cases of neuralgia and rheumatism. · (30:97,98) Ponca Analgesic. Rabbit foot · (30:97,98) Moxa of stems used in cases of neuralgia and rheumatism. Ponca Antirheumatic - Ext. Rabbit foot Moxa of stems used in cases of neuralgia and rheumatism. · (30:97,98) Lespedeza sp. Fabaceae Iroquois Other. Compound decoction of plant taken for stricture caused by bad blood. . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:364) Lesquerella douglasii Brassicaceae Shuswap Dermatological aid. Bladderpod Poultice of mashed plants applied to sores. (47:61) Shuswap Diaphoretic. Bladderpod (47:61) Plant used to produce sweating. . . . . . . . Lesquerella fendlen Brassicaceae Navaho Dermatological aid. Fendler bladder pod Infusion of plants taken to counteract the effects of spider bites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (23:49)

258

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Genera

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Lesquerella

Table 1: Genera - Lesquerella intermedia Brassicaceae Hopi Ceremonial medicine. Bladderpod Infusion of root taken as a ceremonial emetic. (88:77) Hopi Emetic. Bladderpod (88:77) Infusion of root taken as a ceremonial emetic. Hopi Gynecological aid. Bladderpod . (88:36,77) Root rubbed on abdomen when uterus fails to contract after childbirth. Hopi Snake bite remedy. Bladderpod . (88:32,77) Root eaten and poultice of chewed root used for snake bite. Navaho-Kayenta Ceremonial medicine. (91:24) Plant used as a Nightway medicine. . Navaho-Kayenta Eye medicine. (91:24) Poultice of roots applied to sore eyes. Lesquerella rectipes Brassicaceae , Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Bladderpod (84:29) Cold infusion as ceremonial eyewash; pulverized plant as ceremonial snuff. Navaho-Ramah Eye medicine. Bladderpod (84:29) Cold infusion of plant used as ceremonial eyewash. . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Respiratory aid. Bladderpod (84:29) Finely ground leaves used ceremonially as snuff to clear nasal passages. Navaho-Ramah Toothache remedy. Bladderpod (84:29) Poultice of crushed or chewed leaves applied for toothache. . . . . . . . Lessingia germanorum Asteraceae Kawaiisu Analgesic. Lessingia, valley (92:36) Moxa of dried stem bark used for pain. Leucelene ericoides Asteraceae Navaho-Kayenta Kidney aid. ASTER ERICAEFOLIUS (91:45) Infusion of plant with sumac berries taken for kidney or bladder disease. Navaho-Kayenta Urinary aid. ASTER ERICAEFOLIUS (91:45) Infusion of plant with sumac berries taken for kidney or bladder disease. Zuni Analgesic. (72:55) Infusion of pulverized plant applied for pain from cold or rheumatism. . Zuni Antirheumatic - Ext. (72:55) Infusion of whole plant rubbed on body to reduce swelling and rheumatic pain. Zuni Cold remedy. (72:55) Infusion of whole plant rubbed on body to relieve pain of a cold. Zuni Dermatological aid. (72:55) Infusion of pulverized plant rubbed over body to reduce swelling. Zuni Gynecological aid. (72:55) Warm infusion of plant taken to "hasten parturition." . . . . . . . Leucocn'num montanum Liliaceae Paiute Dermatological aid. Lily, sage (81:100) Poultice of pulverized roots applied to sores or swellings. Shoshone Dermatological aid. Lily, sage (81:100) Poultice of pulverized roots applied to sores or swellings. Leucothoe axillaris Ericaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Dog hobble (35:32) Infusion for "shifting pains;" rubbed on to cure rheumatism and "languor." Cherokee Antirheumatic - Ext. Dog hobble (35:32) Infusion for "shifting pains;" rubbed on to cure rheumatism and "languor." Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Dog hobble (35:32) Compound decoction of leaf for rheumatism; root ooze applied to mangy dog. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Dog hobble (35:32) Infusion of leaf and stem used to bathe itch. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Stimulant. Dog hobble (35:32) Infusion for "shifting pains;" rubbed on to cure rheumatism and "languor." Cherokee Veterinary aid. Dog hobble (35:32) Compound decoction of leaf for rheumatism; root ooze applied to mangy dog. Leucothoe editorum Ericaceae Cherokee Other. LEUCOTHOE CATESBAEI Fetter bush Rub decoction of leaves into scratches make on legs as preliminary treatment . . . . . . . . . (79:49) Lewisia pygmaea Portulacaceae Thompson Ind Other. Bitter root (71:507) Plant used as a charm for good luck in gambling. Thompson Ind Psychological aid. Bitter root (71:479) Some believe that eating the roots causes insanity. Liatris punctata Asteraceae Blackfeet Analgesic. LACINARIA PUNCTATA Blazing star, dotted (45:274) Infusion of root taken for stomachache. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Blackfeet Dermatological aid. LACINARIA PUNCTATA Blazing star, dotted (45:274) Boiled root applied to swellings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Genera

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259

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Liatris

Table 1: Genera -Liatris punctata Asteraceae Blackfeet Gast-intestinal aid. LACINARIA PUNCTATA Blazing star, dotted (45:274) Infusion of root taken for stomachache. Comanche Other. Button snakewood (10:522) Root chewed, and juice swallowed, as cure for swollen testes. Fox Dermatological aid. Snakeroot, dotted button (62:216) Infusion of root applied locally to cure the itch. . . . . . . . . Fox Urinary aid. Snakeroot, dotted button (62:216) Infusion of root used for bloody urine; also, for women's bladder trouble. Fox Venereal aid. Snakeroot, dotted button (62:216) Infusion of root used alone as a cure for gonorrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fox Veterinary aid. Snakeroot, dotted button (62:216) Infusion of root for ponies to make them spirited for hunting in hot weather. Liatris scariosa Asteraceae Chippewa Veterinary aid. LACINIARIA SCARIOSA Blazing star (21:366) Decoction of root used as horse stimulant before a race. Fox Kidney aid. Blazing star (62:216) Used as a remedy for bladder and kidney troubles. Fox Urinary aid. Blazing star (62:216) Used as a remedy for bladder and kidney troubles. Omaha Dermatological aid. LACINARIA SCARIOSA Blazing star (28:335) Poultice of powdered plants applied to external inflammation. Omaha Dietary aid. LACINARIA SCARIOSA (28:335) Roots used as a tonic and appetizer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Omaha Gast-intestinal aid. LACINARIA SCARIOSA Blazing star (28:335) Plant taken for abdominal troubles. Omaha Tonic. LACINARIA SCARIOSA (28:335) Roots used as a tonic and appetizer. Omaha Veterinary aid. LACINIARIA SCARIOSA Blazing star (30:133,134) Chewed corm blown into nostrils of horses to strengthen them and help them. Pawnee Antidiarrheal. LACINIARIA SCARIOSA Blazing star (30:133,134) Decoction of leaves and corms given to children for diarrhea. Pawnee Pediatric aid. LACINIARIA SCARIOSA Blazing star (30:133,134) Decoction of leaves and corms given to children for diarrhea. Liatris sp. Asteraceae Creek Antirheumatic - Ext. LACINARIA SP. Deer's potato (75:660) Simple/compound infusion of root taken and rubbed on affected rheumatic part. Creek Antirheumatic - Int. LACINARIA SP. Deer's potato (75:660) Simple/compound infusion of root taken and rubbed on affected rheumatic part. Koasati Antirheumatic - Int. LIATRIS ACIDOTA Deer's potato (79:62) Decoction of roots taken for rheumatism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Liatris spicata Asteraceae Cherokee Analgesic. Button snakewood (35:27) Used as an anodyne; decoction or tincture used for backache & pain in limbs. Cherokee Carminative. Button snakewood (35:27) Used as carminative; also, decoction or tincture taken for colic. Cherokee Diaphoretic. Button snakewood (35:27) Root used as stimulant, diuretic, sudorific, expectorant, and for dropsy. Cherokee Diuretic. Button snakewood (35:27) Root used as stimulant, diuretic, sudorific, expectorant, and for dropsy. Cherokee Expectorant. Button snakewood (35:27) Root used as stimulant, diuretic, sudorific, expectorant, and for dropsy. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Button snakewood (35:27) Used as carminative; also, decoction or tincture taken for colic. Cherokee Kidney aid. Button snakewood (35:27) Root used as stimulant, diuretic, sudorific, expectorant, and for dropsy. Cherokee Stimulant. Button snakewood Root used as stimulant, diuretic, sudorific, expectorant, and for dropsy. (35:27) Menominee Heart medicine. LACINARIA SPICATA Gayfeather, spike Compound decoction of root used as a remedy for a "weak heart." (22:129) liibocedrus decurrens Cupressaceae Mendocino Ind Gast-intestinal aid. Cedar Decoction of leaves taken for stomach troubles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (16:306) Ligusticum apiifolium Apiaceae Karok Dietary aid. LIGUSTICUM APIODORUM Lovage Infusion of roots taken by person who lacks an appetite. (58:387) Porno Antihemorrhagic. LIGUSTICUM APIODORUM Decoction of roots taken to check hemorrhage from the lungs. (27:14) Porno Pulmonary aid. LIGUSTICUM APIODORUM Decoction of roots taken to check hemorrhage from the lungs. (27:14)

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Genera

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Ligusticum

Table 1: Genera - Ligusticum scothicum Apiaceae Bella Coola Other. Lovage Leaves spread over hot stones and used as medicinal bed for the sick. (60:61) W. Eskimo Poison. LIGUSTICUM HULTENII Parsnip, wild (44:60) Mature plant in late summer considered mildly poisonous. . . . . . . Ligusticum sp. Apiaceae Menominee Panacea. LIGUSTICUM FILICINUM Osha Root used for many ailments. . . . . . . . . . . (61:55) Paiute Cough medicine. LIGUSTICUM FILICINUM Lovage Root used in a cough remedy. (81:100,101) Yuki Other. LIGUSTICUM PORTERI (18:44) Roots used to ward off rattlesnakes. Lilium canadense Liliaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Lily, wild yellow Infusion of root given for "flux;" also, used in various ways for rheumatism. (35:43) Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Lily, wild yellow Infusion of root given for "flux;" also, used in various ways for rheumatism. (35:43) Cherokee Dietary aid. Lily, wild yellow Decoction of boiled tubers given "to make child fleshy and fat." (35:43) Cherokee Pediatric aid. Lily, wild yellow (35:43) Decoction of boiled tubers given "to make child fleshy and fat." Chippewa Snake bite remedy. Lily Decoction of root applied to snake bites. ..... . (21:352) Micmac Abortifacient. Lily, Canada (15:58) Parts of plant used to treat irregular menstruation. Lilium philadelphicum Liliaceae Chippewa Dermatological aid. Lily, orange red Poultice of boiled bulbs applied to wounds, contusions and dog bites. (31:125) Chippewa Witchcraft medicine. Lily, orange red Poultice of bulbs applied to dog bites; also causes dog's fangs to drop out. (31:125) Dakota Dermatological aid. LILIUM UMBELLATUM Pulverized or chewed flowers applied as antidote for spider bites. (30:71) Iroquois Gynecological aid. Lily, wild Decoction of whole plant taken "to bring away placenta after childbirth." (37:282) Iroquois Love medicine. Lily, wild "Dry plants in sun, if twists together, wife is unfaithful; determines love." (37:282) Decoction of roots taken by wife as emetic & wash "if husband is unfaithful." (37:282) Menominee Dermatological aid. Lily, orangecup (22:132) Poultice of boiled, mashed root applied to sores. . . . . . . . . . . . Micmac Cough medicine. Lily, orange red Roots used to treat coughs and consumption; also, used for fever. (15:58) Micmac Dermatological aid. Lily, orange red (15:58) Roots used to treat swellings and bruises; also, used for fever. Micmac Febrifuge. Lily, orange red Roots used to treat swellings and bruises; also, used for fever. (15:58) Micmac Tuberculosis remedy. Lily, orange red Roots used to treat coughs and consumption; also, used for fever. (15:58) Limonium colifomicum Plumbaginaceae Costanoan Blood medicine. Decoction of plant used to clean the blood. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (5:11) Costanoan Respiratory aid. (5:11) Powdered plant placed in nostrils to cause sneezing to relieve congestion. Costanoan Urinary aid. (5:11) Decoction of plant used for internal injuries or urinary problems. Costanoan Venereal aid. (5:11) Decoction of plant used for venereal disease. . . . . . . . . . . Limonium sp. Plumbaginaceae Micmac Tuberculosis remedy. STATICE LIMONIUM Lavender, sea Roots used to treat consumption with hemorrhage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (15:62) Limosella aquatica Scrophulariaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Mudwort (84:44) Leaves rubbed on body ceremonially for protection in hunting & from witches. Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Mudwort (84:44) Roll of washed leaves used to plug a bullet or arrow wound. Navaho-Ramah Hunting medicine. Mudwort (84:44) Leaves rubbed on body ceremonially for protection while hunting. Navaho-Ramah Witchcraft medicine. Mudwort (84:44) Leaves rubbed on body ceremonially for protection against witches. Linanthastrum nuttollii Polemoniaceae Navaho-Ramah Other. (84:40) Plant used as "life medicine."

Genera

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261

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Linanthus

Table 1: Genera - Linanthus ciliatus Polemoniaceae

Calpella Blood medicine. Gilia, ciliate Cold decoction of plant taken to purify the blood. Calpella Cold remedy. Gilia, ciliate Infusion of plant given to children for coughs and colds. Calpella Cough medicine. Gilia, ciliate Infusion of plant given to children for coughs and colds. Calpella Pediatric aid. Gilia, ciliate Infusion of plant given to children for coughs and colds. Linaria mdgaris Scrophulariaceae Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Toadflax, yellow Cold infusion of leaves taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Emetic. Toadflax, yellow Infusion of plants taken to vomit as anti-love medicine & remove bewitching. Iroquois Love medicine. Toadflax, yellow Compound infusion of smashed plants taken to vomit as an anti-love medicine. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Toadflax, yellow Compound infusion of plants and flowers given to babies that cry too much. Iroquois Sedative. Toadflax, yellow Compound infusion of plants and flowers given to babies that cry too much. Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Toadflax, yellow Compound infusion of smashed plants taken to vomit to remove bewitching. Ojibwa Herbal steam. Butter and eggs Compound containing plant used as a bronchial inhalant in the sweat lodge. Ojibwa Respiratory aid. Butter and eggs Compound containing dried plant as a bronchial inhalant in the sweat lodge. Lindera benzoin Lauraceae Cherokee Abortifacient. Spicewood Taken for colds, coughs, phthisics, & croup; also, for female obstructions. Cherokee Blood medicine. Spicewood Taken for the blood; also, taken for female obstructions. . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Cold remedy. Spicewood Taken for colds, coughs, phthisics, & croup; also, for female obstructions. Cherokee Cough medicine. Spicewood Taken for colds, coughs, phthisics, & croup; also, for female obstructions. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Spicewood Infusion of bark taken to break out measles; also, taken for "bold hives." Cherokee Diaphoretic. Spicewood Compound decoction of bark taken as a diaphoretic; any part is a diaphoretic. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Spicewood Infusion of bark taken to break out measles; also, taken for "bold hives." Cherokee Other. Spicewood Used for "white swellings;" also, infusion taken as a spring tonic. Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Spicewood Taken for colds, coughs, phthisics, & croup; also, for female obstructions. Cherokee Respiratory aid. Spicewood Taken for colds, coughs, phthisics, & croup; also, for female obstructions. Cherokee Tonic. Spicewood Used for "white swellings;" also, infusion taken as a spring tonic. Creek Analgesic. Spicebush Infusion of branches taken and steam bath used to cause perspiring for aches. Creek Antirheumatic - Int. BENZOIN AESTIVALE Spicewood Infusion of branches taken or as herbal steam to cause sweating for pains. .. Creek Blood medicine. BENZOIN AESTIVALE Spicewood Compound containing plant taken to cause vomiting which purifIes the blood. Creek Diaphoretic. BENZOIN AESTIVALE Spicewood Infusion of branches taken or as herbal steam to cause sweating for pains. .. Creek Diaphoretic. Spicebush Infusion of branches taken and steam bath used to cause perspiring for aches. Creek Emetic. BENZOIN AESTIVALE Spicewood Compound containing plant taken to cause vomiting which purifies the blood. Creek Emetic. Spicebush Plant used as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Creek Herbal steam. BENZOIN AESTIVALE Spicewood Infusion of branches used as herbal steam to treat aches and pains. Iroquois Cold remedy. Spicebush Decoction or infusion of stripped leaves and twigs taken for colds. . Iroquois Febrifuge. Spicebush Compound decoction of plants used as a steam bath for cold sweats. Iroquois Misc disease remedy. Spicebush Decoction of stripped leaves and twigs taken for colds and measles.

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Genera

(16:381) (16:381) (16:381) (16:381) (37:433) (37:433) (37:433) (37:433) (37:433) (37:433) (63:389) (63:389) (35:56) (35:56) (35:56) (35:56) (35:56) (35:56) (35:56) (35:56) (35:56) (35:56) (35:56) (79:24) (75:657) (75:657) (75:657) (79:24) (75:657) (79:24) (75:657) (37:335) (37:335) (37:335)

Lindera

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Lindera benzoin Lauraceae Iroquois Panacea. Spicebush Compound decoction of roots taken as a panacea. . . . . . . . . Iroquois Venereal aid. Spicebush Compound decoction of roots taken for gonorrhea and syphilis. Compound poultice of bark applied to lumps that remain after having syphilis. Rappahannock Abortifacient. BENZOIN AESTIVALE Spicebush Infusion taken for menstruation pains or to correct delayed menses. Rappahannock Gynecological aid. BENZOIN AESTIVALE Spicebush Infusion taken for menstruation pains or to correct delayed menses. Lindera sp. Lauraceae Mohegan Anthelmintic. BENZOIN SP. Spicewood Chewed or infusion of leaves used for worms in children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh leaves chewed or infusion taken as a vermifuge by children and adults. Mohegan Pediatric aid. BENZOIN SP. Spicewood Chewed or infusion of leaves used for worms in children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fresh leaves chewed or infusion taken as a vermifuge by children and adults. Linnaea borealis Caprifoliaceae Iroquois Febrifuge. Twinflower Decoction of twigs given to children with cramps, fever or for crying. Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Twinflower Decoction of twigs given to children with cramps, fever or for crying. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Twinflower Decoction of twigs given to children with cramps, fever or for crying. Iroquois Sedative. Twinflower Decoction of twigs given to children with cramps, fever or for crying. Montagnais Orthopedic aid. Mashed plant used to cure "inflammation of the limbs." Potawatomi Gynecological aid. Twinflower Entire plant used for unspecified female troubles. Snohomish Cold remedy. Twinflower Decoction of leaves taken for colds. . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Unspecified. Twinflower Decoction of plant used as a medicine for unspecified purpose. Linum aristatum Linaceae Hopi Gast-intestinal aid. LINUM AUSTRALE Flax, yellow Infusion of plant taken for stomach disorders. Hopi Gynecological aid. LINUM AUSTRALE Flax, yellow Decoction of plant taken and used as a wash to ease protracted labor. Navaho-Kayenta Kidney aid. Infusion of plant used for kidney disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Linum lewisii Linaceae Gosiute Dermatological aid. Infusion of fiax used to reduce swelling due to bruises. Poultice of plant applied to bruises to reduce the swelling. Navaho-Kayenta Analgesic. Plant used for headaches. Navaho-Kayenta Disinfectant. Plant used as a fumigant. Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Flax, perennial blue Decoction of leaves taken for heartburn. . . . . . . . . Okanagan Dermatological aid. Flax Infusion of flowers, leaves & stem used as skin & hair wash by young females. Okanagan Pediatric aid. Flax Infusion of flowers, leaves & stem used as skin & hair wash by young females. Paiute Dermatological aid. Flax, wild Poultice of leaves alone, or stems and leaves, applied to reduce swellings. Paiute Eye medicine. Flax, wild Infusion or decoction of plant parts used as an eyewash. Paiute Other. Flax, wild Poultice of leaves applied for goiter. Shoshone Dermatological aid. Flax, wild Poultice of leaves applied to reduce swellings. Shoshone Eye medicine. Flax, wild Infusion or decoction of plant parts used as an eyewash. Shoshone Other. Flax, wild Poultice of crushed leaves applied for "gall trouble." Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Flax Infusion of flowers, leaves & stem used as skin & hair wash by young females. Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Flax, prairie Decoction of stems & flowers used as wash by girls for beautiful hair & face ..

Genera

(37:435) (37:334) (37:334) (69:33) (69:33) (76:265) (78:70) (76:265) (78:70) (37:444) (37:444) (37:444) (37:444) (66:314) · (64:45,46) (34:47) (71:458) ..

(88:83)

· (88:36,83) (91:30) (14:349) (14:373) (91:30) (91:30) · (84:33,34) (48:42) (48:42) (81:101,102) (81:101,102) (81:101,102) (81:101,102) (81:101,102) (81:101,102) (48:42) (71:507)

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263

Linum

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Linurn lewisii Linaceae

Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Flax, prairie Infusion of flowers, leaves, & stems as wash for adolescents' skin and hair. Thompson Ind Pediatric aid. Flax Infusion of flowers, leaves & stem used as skin & hair wash by young females. Linurn puberulurn Linaceae Apache Eye medicine. Flax, yellow Berry juice used as an eye medicine. . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Flax, orange flowered Decoction of leaves taken for heartburn. . . . . . . Infusion of plant taken to kill a swallowed red ant. Navaho-Ramah Other. Flax, orange flowered Plant used as "life medicine." . . . . . . . . . . . . Zuni Eye medicine. Flax, yellow Berry juice squeezed into eye to relieve inflammation. Linurn usitatissirnum Linaceae Cherokee Cold remedy. Flax Taken for "violent colds, coughs, and diseases of lungs." Cherokee Cough medicine. Flax Taken for "violent colds, coughs, and diseases of lungs." Cherokee Febrifuge. Flax Decoction poured over body to cure "fever attacks." Cherokee Febrifuge. Flax, common Decoction of plant poured over patient for fevers. Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Flax Taken for "violent colds, coughs, and diseases of lungs." Cherokee Urinary aid. Flax Seeds used for "gravel" or burning during urination. Liparis loe8elii Orchidaceae Cherokee Urinary aid. Twayblade Compound infusion of root taken for urinary problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lippia cunei/olia Verbenaceae Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Poultice of plants applied to spider bites. Lippia lanceolata Verbenaceae Mahuna Antirheumatic - Int. Verbena, lemon Plant used for rheumatism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lippia nodifioro Verbenaceae Houma Orthopedic aid. Turtle grass Decoction of plant used as a wash to make weak, lazy babies walk. Houma Pediatric aid. Turtle grass Decoction of plant used as a wash to make weak, lazy babies walk. Liquidambar styrociftua Hamamelidaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Sweetgum Rosin or inner bark used for diarrhea, flux, and dysentery. . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Dermatological aid. Sweetgum Salve for wounds, sores, and ulcersj mixed with sheep or cow tallow for itch. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Sweetgum Infusion of bark given to nervous patientsj also, taken to stop flooding. Cherokee Other. Sweetgum Gum used as a "drawing plasterj" infusion of inner bark for nervous patients. Gum used as drawing plasterj compound infusion of bark taken for bad disease .. Cherokee Sedative. Sweet gum Gum used as a "drawing plasterj" infusion of inner bark for nervous patients. Infusion of bark given to nervous patientsj also, taken to stop flooding. Choctaw Dermatological aid. Bilsted Decoction of plant used as a poultice for cuts and bruises. Choctaw Dermatological aid. Compound decoction of root used as a dressing for cuts and wounds. Houma Dermatological aid. Gum, sweet Decoction of root applied to skin sores thought to be caused by worms. · Houma Diaphoretic. Gum, sweet Decoction of Spanish moss from this tree taken as a diaphoretic for fever. · Houma Febrifuge. Gum, sweet Decoction of Spanish moss from this tree taken as a diaphoretic for fever. · Koasati Other. Bilsted Decoction of bark taken for "night sickness." . . . . . . . Rappahannock Antidiarrheal. Gum, sweet Compound infusion with dried bark taken for dysentery. Rappahannock Veterinary aid. Gum, sweet Rolled, hardened sap placed in dog's nose for distemper.

264

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Genera

(71:467) (48:42) (53:158) (84:35) (84:35) (84:35) (72:56) (35:34) (35:34) (35:34) (79:34) (35:34) (35:34) .

(35:59) (91:40)

.

(55:60) (68:65) (68:65) (35:58) (35:58) (35:58) (90:74) (35:58) (90:74) (35:58) (79:26) . (8:23)

(68:61,62) (68:61,62) (68:61,62) (79:26) (69:34) (69:27)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Liriodendron

Table 1: Genera - Liriodendron tuJipi!era Magnoliaceae Cherokee Anthelmintic. Poplar Used for cholera infantum; also, infusion of bark given for pinworms. (35:50) Cherokee Anthelmintic. Poplar, tulip Infusion of bark taken for pinworms; also, bark used in cough syrup. (35:50) Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Poplar, tulip Bark used for "dyspepsy, dysentery and rheumatism;" for cholera infantum. (35:50) Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Poplar, tulip Bark used for "dyspepsy, dysentery and rheumatism." . . . . . . . . . (35:50) Cherokee Cough medicine. Poplar, tulip Infusion of bark taken for pinworms; also, bark used in cough syrup. (35:50) Cherokee Dermatological aid. Poplar, tulip Decoction blown on fractured limbs, wounds, and boils. (35:50) Cherokee Febrifuge. Poplar, tulip Infusion of bark of root taken for fever. . . . . . . . . . . (35:50) Cherokee Febrifuge. Tuliptree (90:74) Infusion of root bark taken for fevers; also, used in poultices. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Poplar, tulip Bark used for "dyspepsy, dysentery and rheumatism." (35:50) Compound used as steambath for indigestion or biliousness. (35:50) Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Poplar, tulip (35:50) Given for cholera infantum; also, infusion of bark given for pinworms. Cherokee Orthopedic aid. Poplar, tulip Decoction blown on fractured limbs, wounds, and boils. . . . . . . . . (35:50) Cherokee Pediatric aid. Poplar, tulip Given for cholera infantum; also, infusion of bark given for pinworms. (35:50) Cherokee Sedative. Poplar, tulip Used for "women with hysterics and weakness." (35:50) Cherokee Snake bite remedy. Poplar, tulip Decoction used as a wash for snake bite. . . . . . (35:50) Cherokee Stimulant. Poplar, tulip Used for ''women with hysterics and weakness." (35:50) Cherokee Unspecified. Poplar Used as a poultice; also, infusion of bark given for pinworms. (35:50) Cherokee Unspecified. Tuliptree Infusion of root bark taken for fevers; also, used in poultices. (90:74) Rappahannock Analgesic. Poplar Bruised leaf poultice bound to head for neuralgic pain. . . . (69:25) Rappahannock Love medicine. Poplar Raw green bark is chewed as stimulant and sex invigorant. (69:25) Rappahannock Stimulant. Poplar Raw green bark is chewed as stimulant and sex invigorant. (69:25) Lithocarpus densiflora Fagaceae Costanoan Dermatological aid. Infusion of bark used as a wash for face sores. . . . . . . . (5:20) Costanoan Toothache remedy. Infusion of bark held in the mouth to tighten loose teeth. (5:20) Lithophragma affinis Saxifragaceae Mendocino Ind Cold remedy. TELLIMA AFFINIS Root chewed for colds or stomachaches. (16:353) Mendocino Ind Gast-intestinal aid. TELLIMA AFFINIS (16:353) Root chewed for colds or stomachaches. Lithospermum canescens Boraginaceae Menominee Sedative. LITHOSPERMUN CANESCENS Puccoon Compound infusion taken and rubbed on body to quiet person near convulsions. (22:128) Lithospermum incisum Boraginaceae Blackfeet Ceremonial medicine. LITHOSPERMUM LINEARIFOLIUM t Puccoon, narrow leaved (45:277) Dried tops burned as incense in ceremonials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cheyenne Psychological aid. LITHOSPERMUM LINEARIFOLIUM t Stoneseed Infusion of stems, leaves and roots used as a wash for "irrationalness." (36:15) Cheyenne Stimulant. LITHOSPERMUM LINEARIFOLIUM t Stoneseed (36:15) Chewed plant spit and blown onto face to keep a very sleepy person awake. Navaho Contraceptive. Puccoon (38:161) Plant used as an oral contraceptive. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Eye medicine. Gromwell (84:41) Cold infusion of pulverized root and seeds used as eyewash. Navaho-Ramah Other. Gromwell (84:41) Root used as a "life medicine;" considered a "big medicine." Teton Sioux Pulmonary aid. LITHOSPERMUM LINEARIFOLIUM t Puccoon Fragrant herb used as a remedy for hemorrhage of lungs. . . . . . . (20:269,270)

Genera

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265

Lithospermum

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Lithospermum incisum Boraginaceae Zuni Ceremonial medicine. LITHOSPERMUM LINEARIFOLIUM t Puccoon (72:56) Salve of powdered root applied ceremonially to swelling of any body part. Zuni Dermatological aid. LITHOSPERMUM LINEARIFOLIUM t Puccoon (72:56) Poultice of root used & decoction of plant taken for swelling or sore throat. Zuni Throat aid. LITHOSPERMUM LINEARIFOLIUM t Puccoon (72:56) Poultice of root used & decoction of plant taken for swelling or sore throat. Lithosperinum linearifolium Boraginaceae Cheyenne Orthopedic aid. · (32:40,41) Finely ground leaves rubbed on paralyzed part. . . . . . . . . Powdered leaves, roots and stems rubbed on paralyzed part. · . (33:185) Cheyenne Sedative. Decoction of root rubbed on one who is "irrational by reason of illness." · (32:40,41) Infusion of plant parts rubbed on face when irrational from illness. · . (33:185) Cheyenne Stimulant. Plant chewed, then spit and blown in face or rubbed on chest as stimulant. · (32:40,41) Lithospermum multiftorum Boraginaceae Navaho-Ramah Other. Gromwell Root used as a "life medicine;" considered a "big medicine." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:41) Lithospermum ruderale Boraginaceae Cheyenne Analgesic. Whiteweed Poultice of dried, powdered leaves and stems applied for rheumatic pains. (33:185) Cheyenne Antirheumatic - Ext. Whiteweed Poultice of dried, powdered leaves and stems applied for rheumatic pains. (33:185) Shuswap Dermatological aid. Stoneseed Plant used for sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (47:60) Shuswap Disinfectant. Stoneseed Decoction of plant used as a bath to "clean the germs off the body." (47:60) Lithospermum sp. Boraginaceae Gosiute Diuretic. LITHOSPERMUM PILOSUM Gromwell (14:373) Roots used as a diuretic for kidney troubles. Gosiute Diuretic. LITHOSPERMUM PILOSUM (14:351) Infusion or decoction of roots used for kidney troubles and as a diuretic. Gosiute Kidney aid. LITHOSPERMUM PILOSUM Gromwell (14:373) Roots used as a diuretic for kidney troubles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gosiute Kidney aid. LITHOSPERMUM PILOSUM (14:351) Infusion or decoction of roots used for kidney troubles and as a diuretic. Navaho Cold remedy. LITHOSPERMUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM Gromwell, narrow leaf (23:71) Plant chewed for coughs and colds. . . . . . . . . . Navaho Cold remedy. LITHOSPERMUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM (38:161) Plant used for coughs and colds. . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho Cough medicine. LITHOSPERMUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM Gromwell, narrow leaf (23:71) Plant chewed for coughs and colds. . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho Cough medicine. LITHOSPERMUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM (38:161) Plant used for coughs and colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho Dermatological aid. LITHOSPERMUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM Gromwell, narrow leaf (23:71) Roots used for soreness at the attachment of the umbilical cord. . . . . . . Navaho Pediatric aid. LITHOSPERMUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM Gromwell, narrow leaf (23:71) Roots used for soreness at the attachment of the umbilical cord. Shoshone Antidiarrheal. LITHOSPERMUM RUDERALE t Gromwell (81:102) Infusion or decoction of root taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Contraceptive. LITHOSPERMUM RUDERALE t Gromwell (81:102) Cold water infusion of root taken daily for six months as a contraceptive. Thompson Ind Witchcraft medicine. LITHOSPERMUM PILOSUM Gromwell (71:508) Root used to "inflict sickness or bad luck on persons." . . . . . . . . . . . . Lobelia cardinalis Campanulaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Cardinal flower (35:28) Compound given for pain; also, crushed leaves used as poultice for headache. Cherokee Anthelmintic. Cardinal flower (35:28) Infusion of root taken for stomach trouble and for worms. . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Cardinal flower (35:28) Cold infusion "snuffed" for nosebleed; also, infusion given for rheumatism. Cherokee Cold remedy. Cardinal flower Infusion of leaf taken for colds; also taken to reduce fever. . . . . . . . . . . (35:28) Cherokee Dermatological aid. Cardinal flower Root used as poultice for "risings;" infusion used for "sores hard to heal." (35:28) Cherokee Febrifuge. Cardinal flower Infusion of leaf taken for colds; also taken to reduce fever. (35:28) Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Cardinal flower Infusion of root taken for stomach trouble and for worms. (35:28)

266

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Genera

Lobelia

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Lobelia cardinalis Campanulaceae

Cherokee Hemostat. Cardinal flower Cold infusion "snuffed" for nosebleed; also, infusion given for rheumatism. Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Cardinal flower Used for croup and for syphilis. Cherokee Venereal aid. Cardinal flower Used for croup and for syphilis. Delaware-Okl Misc disease remedy. Cardinal flower Infusion of root taken for typhoid; considered to be very strong medicine. Fox Love medicine. Cardinal flower Roots used as a love medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Adjuvant. Lobelia, cardinal Plant will strengthen all medicines. No preparation indicated. Iroquois Analgesic. Lobelia, cardinal Infusion of roots taken or poultice applied for pain. . . . . . Iroquois Anticonvulsive. Lobelia, cardinal Compound decoction of plants taken by women for epilepsy. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Lobelia, cardinal Decoction of roots as wash and poultice applied to chancres and fever sores. Iroquois Febrifuge. Lobelia, cardinal Plant used for fevers. No preparation or application indicated. . . . . . . . . Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Lobelia, cardinal Compound decoction of plants taken for bad stomach caused by consumption. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Lobelia, cardinal Decoction or infusion taken and poultice or wash used for breast troubles. Iroquois Love medicine. Lobelia, cardinal Decoction of plants or infusion of roots used as wash for love medicine. Iroquois Other. Lobelia, cardinal Compound infusion of plants taken for stricture caused by menstruating women. Decoction of roots, plants and blossoms taken for cramps. . . . . . . . . . . . Infusion of roots taken or washed on injured parts; "Little Water Medicine." Infusion of stalks and flowers used as wash for baskets; a "basket medicine." Iroquois Panacea. Lobelia, cardinal Plant used for every ailment. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Psychological aid. Lobelia, cardinal Compound decoction of whole plant taken for sickness caused by grieving. Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Lobelia, cardinal Compound decoction of plants taken for bad stomach caused by consumption. Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Lobelia, cardinal Infusion of roots taken or poultice applied for trouble caused by witchcraft. Pawnee Love medicine. Lobelia, red Compound containing roots and flowers used as a love charm. . . . . . . . . Lobelia inftata Campanulaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Indian tobacco Root poultice used for body aches; also, leaves rubbed on aches & stiff neck. . Cherokee Dermatological aid. Indian tobacco Used for bites and stings; also, roots and leaves used on boils and sores. Cherokee Emetic. Indian tobacco Plant used as strong emetic; also, taken for "asthma and phthisic." Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Indian tobacco Given for croup; also, tincture in small doses prevents colics and croup. Cherokee Orthopedic aid. Indian tobacco Root poultice used for body aches; also, leaves rubbed on aches & stiff neck. . Cherokee Other. Indian tobacco Chewed for sore throat; also, smoked "to break tobacco habit." Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Indian tobacco Given for croup; also, tincture in small doses prevents colics and croup. Cherokee Respiratory aid. Indian tobacco Plant used as strong emetic; also, taken for "asthma and phthisic." Cherokee Throat aid. Indian tobacco Chewed for sore throat; also, smoked "to break tobacco habit." Crow Ceremonial medicine. Indian tobacco Used in religious ceremonies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Cathartic. Indian tobacco Cold infusion of whole plant taken as an emetic or physic. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Indian tobacco Infusion of roots or leaves as wash or poultice on abscesses or sores. Iroquois Emetic. Indian tobacco Cold infusion of whole plant taken as an emetic or physic. Infusion of plant taken to vomit to cure tobacco or whiskey habit.

Genera

(35:28) (35:28) (35:28) . (77:28,76) (62:231) (37:453) (37:452) (37:452) (37:452) (37:453) (37:453) (37:452) (37:453) (37:452) (37:452) (37:453) (37:453) (37:453) (37:452) (37:453) (37:452) (30:129) (35:40) (35:40) (35:40) (35:40) (35:40) (35:40) (35:40) (35:40) (35:40) (3:14,15) (37:455) (37:454) (37:455) (37:454)

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267

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Lobelia

Table 1: Genera - Lobelia inflata Campanulaceae

Iroquois Love medicine. Indian tobacco (37:454) Infusion of plant taken as a love or anti-love medicine. Iroquois Other. Indian tobacco (37:455) Cold infusion of whole plant used as a divining agent. Iroquois Psychological aid. Indian tobacco (37:454) Infusion of plant taken to vomit to cure tobacco or whiskey habit. Iroquois Venereal aid. Indian tobacco (37:454) Infusion of smashed roots as wash and poultice for venereal disease sores. Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Indian tobacco (37:454) Decoction of plant taken to counteract sickness produced by witchcraft. Lobelia kalmii Campanulaceae Cree Emetic. Plant used as an emetic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (40:303) Iroquois Dermatological aid. Lobelia, Kalm's Infusion of smashed plants used as drops for earaches and abscesses. (37:455) Iroquois Ear medicine. Lobelia, Kalm's Infusion of smashed plants used as drops for earaches and abscesses. (37:455) Iroquois Emetic. Lobelia, Kalm's Infusion of plants taken to vomit to remove the effect of a love medicine. (37:455) Iroquois Love medicine. Lobelia, Kalm's (37:455) Infusion of plants taken to vomit to remove the effect of a love medicine. Lobelia siphilitica Campanulaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Cardinal flower Compound given for pain; also, crushed leaves used as poultice for headache. (35:28) Cherokee Anthelmintic. Cardinal flower Infusion of root taken for stomach trouble and for worms. . . . . . . . . . . (35:28) Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Cardinal flower Cold infusion "snuffed" for nosebleed; also, infusion given for rheumatism. (35:28) Cherokee Cold remedy. Cardinal flower Infusion of leaf taken for colds; also taken to reduce fever. . . . . . . . . . . (35:28) Cherokee Dermatological aid. Cardinal flower Root used as poultice for "risings;" infusion used for "sores hard to heal." (35:28) Cherokee Febrifuge. Cardinal flower (35:28) Infusion of leaf taken for colds; also taken to reduce fever. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Cardinal flower Infusion of root taken for stomach trouble and for worms. (35:28) Cherokee Hemostat. Cardinal flower Cold infusion "snuffed" for nosebleed; also, infusion given for rheumatism. (35:28) Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Cardinal flower (35:28) Used for croup and for syphilis. Cherokee Venereal aid. Cardinal flower Used for croup and for syphilis. (35:28) Fox Love medicine. LOBELIA SYPHILITIC A Lobelia, great (62:231,232) Finely chopped roots eaten by couple to avert divorce and renew love. Iroquois Cough medicine. Lobelia, great (37:454) Plant used as a gargle for coughs. No preparation indicated. Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Lobelia, great Infusion of smashed plants taken for anti-bewitchment. (37:453) Lobelia Bp. Campanulaceae Cree Emetic. Plant used as an emetic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (40:303) Iroquois Other. (37:451) Plant used for "divining sickness." No preparation or application indicated. Lobelia Bpicata Campanulaceae Cherokee Orthopedic aid. Lobelia, pale spike Compound taken for "arm shakes and trembles." . . . . . . . . . (35:43) Cherokee Orthopedic aid. Cold infusion of roots put into scratches made for shaking arms. (79:60) Iroquois Blood medicine. Lobelia, pale spiked Decoction of stalks used as wash for bad blood or neck and jaw sores. (37:454) Iroquois Dermatological aid. Lobelia, pale spiked Decoction of stalks used as wash for bad blood or neck and jaw sores. (37:454) Iroquois Emetic. Lobelia, pale spiked Infusion of plants taken as an emetic for the lovelorn. (37:454) Iroquois Love medicine. Lobelia, pale spiked Infusion of plants taken as an emetic for the lovelorn. (37:454) Lobelia Bplendens Campanulaceae Zuni Antirheumatic - Ext. Cardinal flower Ingredient in "schumaakwe cakes," used externally for rheumatism & swelling. . . . . . . . (72:56)

268

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Genera

Lobelia

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Lobelia splende'fU3 Carnpanulaceae Zuni Dermatological aid. Cardinal flower Ingredient in "schumaakwe cakes," used externally for rheumatism & swelling. . . . . . . . (72:56) Lomatium californicum Apiaceae Karok Dietary aid. LEPTOTAENIA CALIFORNICA (58:387) Decoction of roots taken by person who does not feel like eating. Kawaiisu Cold remedy. Hog fennel (92:37) Decoction of dried roots taken for colds, but causes vomiting. Kawaiisu Emetic. Hog fennel Decoction of dried roots taken for colds, but causes vomiting. (92:37) Kawaiisu Gast-intestinal aid. Hog fennel (92:37) Pounded root rubbed on the stomach for stomachaches. Kawaiisu Throat aid. Hog fennel (92:37) Root chewed for sore throat. Yuki Analgesic. Hog fennel (18:44) Root moxa used for arthritic pains. Yuki Antirheumatic - Ext. Hog fennel (18:44) Root moxa used for arthritic pains. Yuki Cold remedy. Hog fennel (18:44) Dried root smoked or decoction of roots taken for colds. Yuki Other. Hog fennel (18:44) Dried root smoked causes dizziness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (18:44) Poultice of roots applied to neck to ward off sickness and rattlesnakes. Lomatium dissectum Apiaceae Blackfeet Ceremonial medicine. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFJDA Parsnip (45:274) Pulverized root burned as incense. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Blackfeet Dietary aid. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFJDA Parsnip (45:274) Drink made from root taken as a tonic to help weakened people gain weight. Blackfeet Stimulant. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFJDA Parsnip (45:274) Drink made from root taken as a tonic for "people in a weakened condition." Blackfeet Tonic. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFIDA Parsnip (45:274) Drink made from root taken as a tonic for "people in a weakened condition." Blackfeet Veterinary aid. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFJDA Parsnip . (45:274) Root smoke inhaled by horses for distemper. . . . . . . . . . . . . Kawaiisu Analgesic. Lomatium, fern leaf (92:37) Pounded roots applied as a salve to sore limbs, cuts and wounds. Kawaiisu Dermatological aid. Lomatium, fern leaf (92:37) Infusion of roots used as a wash or poultice applied to cuts and open wounds. (92:37) Pounded roots applied as a salve to sore limbs, cuts and wounds. Kawaiisu Orthopedic aid. Lomatium, fern leaf (92:37) Pounded roots applied as a salve to sore limbs, cuts and wounds. Paiute Antirheumatic - Ext. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFJDA Cough root (81:97-100) Poultice of root applied and decoction of root used as a wash for rheumatism .. Paiute Cold remedy. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFJDA Cough root (81:97-100) Compound decoction of root taken for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (81:97-100) Compound of pulverized roots smoked for colds, asthma, and tuberculosis. Paiute Cough medicine. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFJDA Cough root (81:97-100) Decoction of root taken for coughs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Dermatological aid. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFJDA Cough root (81:97-100) Poultice of root applied and decoction as a wash for swellings and sprains. (81:97-100) Poultice of root applied or decoction as a wash for rashes, cuts, or sores. (81:97-100) Sap from cut roots or oil from decoction used as a salve on cuts and sores. Paiute Dermatological aid. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFJDA Smashed roots used for sores and swellings. . . . . . . . .. (42:196) Paiute Disinfectant. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFJDA Cough root (81:97-100) Root used as "the basis of a number of antiseptics." Paiute Herbal steam. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFJDA Cough root (81:97-100) Compound of roots used as herbal steam for lung or nasal congestion & asthma. Paiute Misc disease remedy. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFJDA Cough root Decoction of dried root taken for influenza and tuberculosis. . . . . . . . . . . (81:97-100) (81:97-100) Decoction of root, and sometimes leaves, as an antiseptic wash for smallpox. Paiute Orthopedic aid. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFJDA Cough root (81:97-100) Poultice of root applied and decoction a wash for swellings and sprains. Paiute Panacea. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFIDA Cough root (81:97-100) Root used for a wide variety of ailments, usually as a decoction. . . . . . . Paiute Pulmonary aid. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFJDA Cough root (81:97-100) Compound of roots used as herbal steam for lung or nasal congestion & asthma. (81:97-100) Pulverized roots smoked to clear lungs and nasal passages. (81:97-100) Root used in various ways to treat pneumonia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Respiratory aid. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFJDA Cough root (81:97-100) Compound of roots used as herbal steam for lung or nasal congestion & asthma.

as

Genera

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269

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Lomatium

Table 1: Genera - Lomatium dissectum Apiaceae Paiute Respiratory aid. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFIDA Cough root Decoction of dried root taken for hayfever, bronchitis, and pneumonia. Pulverized roots smoked alone or in compound for asthma. Paiute Throat aid. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFIDA Cough root Raw root chewed and decoction of root taken for sore throat. Paiute Tuberculosis remedy. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFIDA Cough root Compound of pulverized roots smoked for colds, asthma, and tuberculosis. Decoction of dried root taken for influenza and tuberculosis. Paiute Tuberculosis remedy. L EPTOTAENIA MULTIFIDA Decoction of roots taken for tuberculosis. . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Venereal aid. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFIDA Cough root Simple or compound decoction of root taken for venereal diseases. Paiute Veterinary aid. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFIDA Cough root Root smoke inhaled by horses for distemper. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Antirheumatic - Ext. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFIDA Cough root Poultice of root applied and decoction of root used as a wash for rheumatism .. Shoshone Cold remedy. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFIDA Cough root Compound decoction of root taken for colds. . . . . . . . . Shoshone Cough medicine. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFIDA Cough root Decoction of root taken for coughs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Dermatological aid. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFIDA Cough root Poultice of root applied and decoction as a wash for swellings and sprains. Sap from cut roots or oil from decoction used as a salve on cuts and sores. Shoshone Disinfectant. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFIDA Cough root Root used as "the basis of a number of antiseptics." . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Eye medicine. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFIDA Cough root Sap from cut roots as eye drops for trachoma or gonorrheal eye infections. Shoshone Herbal steam. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFIDA Cough root Compound of roots used as herbal steam for lung or nasal congestion & asthma. Shoshone Misc disease remedy. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFIDA Cough root Decoction of dried root taken for influenza and tuberculosis. . . . . . . . . . . Decoction of root, and sometimes leaves, as an antiseptic wash for smallpox. Shoshone Orthopedic aid. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFIDA Cough root Poultice of root applied and decoction as a wash for swellings and sprains. Shoshone Panacea. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFIDA Cough root Root used for a wide variety of ailments, usually as a decoction. . . . . . . Shoshone Pulmonary aid. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFIDA Cough root Compound of roots used as herbal steam for lung or nasal congestion & asthma. Decoction of dried root taken for hayfever, bronchitis, and pneumonia. Pulverized roots smoked to clear lungs and nasal passages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Respiratory aid. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFIDA Cough root Compound of roots used as herbal steam for lung or nasal congestion & asthma. Decoction of dried root taken for hayfever, bronchitis, and pneumonia. Pulverized roots smoked for asthma. . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Throat aid. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFIDA Cough root Raw root chewed for sore throat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Tuberculosis remedy. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFIDA Cough root Compound of pulverized roots smoked for tuberculosis. Decoction of dried root taken for influenza and tuberculosis. Shoshone Venereal aid. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFIDA Cough root Simple or compound decoction of root taken for venereal diseases. Shoshone Veterinary aid. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFIDA Cough root Smoke from root alone, or in compound, inhaled by horses for distemper. Shuswap Dermatological aid. Bisquit root Mashed roots or decoction of mashed roots applied as poultice to sores. Thompson Ind Burn dressing. LEPTOTAENIA DISSECTA Root powder mixed with grease used as a salve for burns. . . . . Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. LEPTOTAENIA DISSECTA Dried root powder sprinkled on wounds and sores to aid healing. Thompson Ind Veterinary aid. LEPTOTAENIA DISSECTA Dried, crushed root sprinkled on horses' sore or wounds. Washoe Cold remedy. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFIDA Cough root Decoction of root taken for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washoe Cough medicine. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFIDA Cough root Decoction of root taken for coughs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washoe Dermatological aid. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFIDA Cough root Pulverized root applied as powder to infant's severed umbilical cord. Sap from cut roots or oil from decoction used as a salve on cuts and sores. Washoe Herbal steam. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFIDA Cough root Compound of roots used as herbal steam for lung or nasal congestion & asthma.

270

•

Genera

(81:97-100) (81:97-100) (81:97-100) (81:97-100) (81:97-100) .. (42:198) (81:97-100) (81:97-100) (81:97-100) (81:97-100) (81:97-100) (81:97-100) (81:97-100) (81:97-100) (81:97-100) (81:97-100) (81:97-100) (81:97-100) (81:97-100) (81:97-100) (81:97-100) (81:97-100) (81 :97-100) (81:97-100) (81:97-100) (81:97-100) (81:97-100) (81:97-100) (81:97-100) (81:97-100) (81:97-100) (47:56) (71:472) (71:472) (71:513) (81:97-100) (81:97-100) (81 :97-100) (81:97-100) (81:97-100)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Lomatium

Table 1: Genera - wmatium dissectum Apiaceae Washoe Misc disease remedy. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFIDA Cough root Decoction of dried root taken for influenza and tuberculosis. (81:97-100) Washoe Panacea. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFIDA Cough root Root used for a wide variety of ailments, usually as a decoction. (81:97-100) Washoe Pediatric aid. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFIDA Cough root Poultice of fresh root pulp applied to severed umbilical cord. .. (81:97-100) Washoe Pulmonary aid. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFIDA Cough root Compound of roots used as herbal steam for lung or nasal congestion & asthma. (81:97-100) (81:97-100) Decoction of dried root taken for hayfever, bronchitis, and pneumonia. . . . . . . Pulverized roots smoked to clear lungs and nasal passages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (81:97-100) Washoe Respiratory aid. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFIDA Cough root Compound of roots used as herbal steam for lung or nasal congestion & asthma. (81:97-100) (81:97-100) Decoction of dried root taken for hayfever, bronchitis, and pneumonia. Pulverized roots smoked for asthma. . . . . . . . . . . . (81:97-100) Washoe Throat aid. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFIDA Cough root Raw root chewed for sore throat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (81:97-100) Washoe Tuberculosis remedy. LEPTOTAENIA MULTIFIDA Cough root Decoction of dried root taken for influenza and tuberculosis. (81:97-100) wmatium macrocarpum Apiaceae Thompson Ind Reproductive aid. PEUCEDANUM MACROCARPUM Root eaten by childless women to cure infertility. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (71:508) wmatium nudicaule Apiaceae Kwakiutl Analgesic. Indian consumption plant Poultice of chewed seeds applied or chewed seeds blown on head for headaches. (82:276) Kwakiutl Antirheumatic - Ext. PEUCEDANUM LECOCARPUM Poultice of chewed seeds applied to back for sore places, pains, or itching. (4:382) Kwakiutl Cold remedy. Indian consumption plant Poultice of chewed seeds applied for stomachaches, backaches and colds. (82:276) Kwakiutl Cough medicine. Indian consumption plant Seeds sucked for coughs or sore throats. . . . . . . . . (82:276) Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Indian consumption plant (82:276) Poultice of chewed seeds applied to carbuncles. Kwakiutl Gast-intestinal aid. Indian consumption plant Poultice of chewed seeds applied for stomachaches, backaches and colds. (82:276) Kwakiutl Gynecological aid. Indian consumption plant (82:276) Infusion of seeds taken by pregnant women to insure an easy delivery. (82:276) Poultice of chewed seeds applied for swelling of a woman's breasts. Kwakiutl Herbal steam. Indian consumption plant (82:276) Compound with seeds used in a steambath for general sickness. Kwakiutl Hunting medicine. Indian consumption plant Seeds used by hunters for protection. . .. (82:276) Kwakiutl Laxative. Indian consumption plant Seeds eaten for constipation. . . . . . . . . (82:276) Kwakiutl Orthopedic aid. Indian consumption plant Poultice of chewed seeds applied for backaches and swollen knees and feet. (82:276) Kwakiutl Panacea. Indian consumption plant Compound with seeds used in a steambath for general sickness. (82:276) Kwakiutl Throat aid. Indian consumption plant (82:276) Seeds sucked for coughs or sore throats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Cold remedy. PEUCEDANUM NUDICAULIS Celery, wild (71:473) Strong decoction of whole plant or stems and leaves taken for colds & fevers. Thompson Ind Febrifuge. PEUCEDANUM NUDICAULIS Celery, wild Strong decoction of whole plant or stems and leaves taken for colds & fevers. (71:473) wmatium nuttallii Apiaceae Creek Poison. Plant is poisonous if eaten in winter; used as a medicine in summer. (75:667) Creek Unspecified. Plant is poisonous if eaten in winter; used as a medicine in summer. (75:667) wmatium orientale Apiaceae Cheyenne Analgesic. COGSWELLIA ORIENTALIS Bears' food Infusion of roots & leaves for bowel pain & diarrhea in adults and children. (33:182) Cheyenne Antidiarrheal. COGSWELLIA ORIENTALIS Bears' food Infusion of roots & leaves for bowel pain & diarrhea in adults and children. (33:182) Cheyenne Gast-intestinal aid. COGSWELLIA ORIENTALIS Bears' food Infusion of roots & leaves for bowel pain & diarrhea in adults and children. (33:182) Cheyenne Pediatric aid. COGSWELLIA ORIENTALIS Bears' food Infusion of roots & leaves for bowel pain & diarrhea in adults and children. (33:182) wmatium sp. Apiaceae Cheyenne Dermatological aid. COGSWELLIA SP. Infusion of dried roots applied to swellings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (33:182)

Genera

•

271

Lomatium

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Apiaceae. Dakota Love medicine. COGSWELLIA DAUCIFOLIA Love seed Compound containing seeds used by men as a love charm. . . . . . . Gosiute Cold remedy. PEUCEDANUM GRAVEOLENS Compound decoction of roots taken for biliousness with severe colds. Decoction of plant used for biliousness and severe colds. Gosiute Cold remedy. PEUCEDANUM KINGH Decoction of plant used for biliousness and severe colds. Gosiute Dermatological aid. FERULA MULTIFIDA Poultice of roots applied to wounds and bruises. . . . . . Poultice of roots applied to wounds, cuts or bruises. Gosiute Disinfectant. FERULA MULTIFIDA Poultice of roots applied to infected compound fractures. Gosiute Gast-intestinal aid. PEUCEDANUM GRAVEOLENS Compound decoction of roots taken for biliousness with severe colds. Decoction of plant used for biliousness and severe colds. Gosiute Gast-intestinal aid. PEUCEDANUM KINGH Decoction of plant used for biliousness and severe colds. Gosiute Orthopedic aid. FERULA MULTIFIDA Poultice of roots applied to foot crushed under the wheel of a wagon. Poultice of roots applied to infected compound fractures. . . . . . . . Gosiute Throat aid. PEUCEDANUM GRAVEOLENS Decoction of roots used or poultice of root pulp applied for sore throats. Poultice of mashed plant applied to throat for a sore throat. Gosiute Throat aid. PEUCEDANUM KINGII Poultice of mashed plant applied to throat for a sore throat. Gosiute Unspecified. PEUCEDANUM GRAVEOLENS Root used as medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gosiute Veterinary aid. FERULA MULTIFIDA Burning root smoke inhaled by horse for distemper. Omaha Love medicine. COGSWELLIA DAUCIFOLIA Love seed Compound containing seeds used by men as a love charm. Pawnee Love medicine. COGSWELLIA DAUCIFOLIA Love seed Compound containing seeds used by men as a love charm. Ponca Love medicine. COGSWELLIA DAUCIFOLIA Love seed Compound containing seeds used by men as a love charm. Winnebago Love medicine. COGSWELLIA DAUCIFOLIA Love seed Compound containing seeds used by men as a love charm. Lomatium utriculatum Apiaceae Kawaiisu Dermatological aid. Parsley, wild Decoction of plant used as a wash for swollen or broken limbs. Kawaiisu Orthopedic aid. Parsley, wild Decoction of plant used as a wash for swollen or broken limbs. Lonicera arizonica Caprifoliaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Honeysuckle, Arizona Leaves used as a ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Honeysuckle, Arizona Leaves used as a ceremonial emetic. Lonicera canadensis Caprifoliaceae Iroquois Blood medicine. Honeysuckle, fiy Complex compound taken as blood purifier. No preparation indicated. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Honeysuckle, fiy Decoction of shoots taken for chancres caused by syphilis. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Honeysuckle, fiy Infusion of bark given to children who cry all night. Iroquois Psychological aid. Honeysuckle, fiy Infusion of bark taken for homesickness. . . . . . . . Iroquois Sedative. Honeysuckle, fiy Infusion of bark given to children who cry all night. Iroquois Venereal aid. Honeysuckle, fiy Decoction of shoots taken for chancres caused by syphilis. Menominee Urinary aid. Honeysuckle, American fiy Bark used in the treatment of urinary diseases. Menominee Venereal aid. Honeysuckle, American fiy Compound containing bark used to cure gonorrhea. Montagnais Diuretic. Infusion of vines taken as a diuretic. . . . . . . Potawatomi Diuretic. Honeysuckle, American fiy Compound infusion of bark used as a diuretic. Lomatium sp.

272

•

Genera

· (30:107) · (14:351) · (14:376) · (14:376) · (14:369) (14:348) (14:348) (14:351) (14:376) (14:376) (14:369) (14:348) (14:351) (14:376) (14:376) (14:376) · (14:369) (30:107) (30:107) (30:107) (30:107) (92:38) (92:38) (84:45) (84:45) (37:443) (37:443) (37:443) (37:443) (37:443) (37:443) (61:27) (61:27) (66:315) (64:46)

Lonicera

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

limicera ciliosa Caprifoliaceae Chehalis Contraceptive. Honeysuckle, orange Infusion of leaves taken as a contraceptive. . . . . . . . . . . . . Chehalis Dermatological aid. Honeysuckle, orange Infusion of crushed leaves used as a hair wash to make it grow. Klallam Dermatological aid. Honeysuckle, orange Poultice of chewed leaves applied to bruises. Lummi Tuberculosis remedy. Honeysuckle, orange Decoction of leaves taken for tuberculosis. Skagit Tonic. Honeysuckle, orange Decoction of leaves applied to the body as a strengthening tonic. Squaxin Gynecological aid. Honeysuckle, orange Infusion of leaves taken for womb trouble. . . . . . . Swinomish Cold remedy. Honeysuckle, orange Infusion of bark or chewed leaf juice taken for colds. Swinomish Gynecological aid. Honeysuckle, orange Infusion of leaves used as a steam bath to stimulate lacteal flow. Swinomish Throat aid. Honeysuckle, orange Infusion of bark taken for colds and sore throats. Thompson Ind Tonic. Honeysuckle Decoction of peeled stems taken as a tonic. . .. limicera dioica Caprifoliaceae Chippewa Diuretic. LONICERA DIVICA Honeysuckle Infusion of stems taken as a diuretic. . . . . . . . Chippewa Urinary aid. LONICERA DIVICA Honeysuckle Infusion of stems taken for dysuria. . . . . . . . . . . Fox Anthelmintic. Honeysuckle, glaucous Infusion of berry and root bark taken for worms by pregnant women. Iroquois Emetic. Honeysuckle, butters Decoction of vines taken as an emetic to throw off effects of love medicine. Iroquois Febrifuge. Honeysuckle, butters Decoction of plants given to children for fevers and sickness. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Honeysuckle, butters Decoction taken by pregnant women for internal and leg soreness. Iroquois Love medicine. Honeysuckle, butters Decoction of vines taken as an emetic, love or anti-love medicine. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Honeysuckle, butters Decoction of plants given to children for fevers and sickness. Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Honeysuckle, butters Compound decoction of roots taken for consumption. Iroquois Venereal aid. Honeysuckle, butters Compound decoction of roots taken for gonorrhea. Lonicera interrupta Caprifoliaceae Mendocino Ind Eye medicine. Honeysuckle Infusion of leaves taken and used as a wash for sore eyes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . limicera involucrata Caprifoliaceae Bella Coola Cough medicine. Twinberry, black Decoction of bark taken for cough. . ................. . Bella Coola Dermatological aid. Twinberry, black Poultice of chewed leaves on itch, boils, & gonorrheal sores; bark for sores. Bella Coola Venereal aid. Twinberry, black Poultice of chewed leaves or toasted bark applied to gonorrheal sores. Gitksan Eye medicine. Twinberry, black Fresh juice of berries or infusion of inner bark used in sore eyes. . .. Kwakiutl Analgesic. Chewed leaves with yellow cedar rubbed on painful places. . . . . . . Compound infusion of bark used as foot bath for painful legs and feet. Kwakiutl Antirheumatic - Ext. Twinberry, black Plant used in sweat baths for arthritis and rheumatism. Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Twinberry, black Chewed leaves rubbed on sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Poultice of bark, berries or leaves and grease applied to swellings or sores. Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Leaves chewed with yellow cedar and rubbed on painful places. Kwakiutl Diaphoretic. Twinberry, black Plant used in sweatbaths for arthritis and rheumatism. Kwakiutl Gynecological aid. Twinberry, black Decoction of bark applied to women's breasts to make milk flow. Kwakiutl Orthopedic aid. Twinberry, black Compound infusion of bark used as a soak for sore feet and legs. Infusion of leaves or roots applied as poultice to swollen shoulders & feet.

Genera

•

(34:48) (34:48) (34:48) (34:48) (34:48) (34:48) (34:48) (34:48) (34:48) (71:471) (31:141) (31:141) (62:207) (37:443) (37:444) (37:444) (37:443) (37:444) (37:444) (37:443)

,

(16:388) (60:63) (60:63) (60:63) (60:63) (4:382) (4:380) (82:266) (82:279) (82:279) (4:380) (82:266) (82:279) (82:279) (82:279)

273

Lonicera

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

wnicera involucrata Caprifoliaceae Kwakiutl Orthopedic aid. Compound decoction of bark used as foot bath for leg and foot pains. Makah Gynecological aid. Honeysuckle, swamp Leaves chewed by women during confinement. N Carrier Dermatological aid. Twinberry, black Compound decoction of stems taken for body sores. N Carrier Orthopedic aid. Twinberry, black Compound decoction of stems taken for constitutional weakness or paralysis. N Carrier Stimulant. Twinberry, black Compound decoction of stems taken for constitutional weakness. Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Honeysuckle, bearberry Leaves used as a ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Honeysuckle, bearberry Leaves used as a ceremonial emetic. Quileute Antidote. Honeysuckle, swamp Leaves chewed as an emetic when poisoned. Quileute Emetic. Honeysuckle, swamp Leaves chewed as an emetic when poisoned. Quinault Dermatological aid. Leaves chewed or rubbed on sores. Quinault Gynecological aid. Honeysuckle, swamp Leaves chewed by women during confinement. Quinault Oral aid. Leaves chewed for sore mouth. . . . . . . . S Carrier Eye medicine. Twinberry, black Decoction of bark used daily as eye wash. Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Bearberry Poultice of boiled leaves applied to swellings. Thompson Ind Orthopedic aid. Bearberry Decoction of leaves and twigs used as a liniment. Thompson Ind Poison. Honeysuckle, bearberry Berries thought to be poisonous if more than two or three are eaten. wnicera oblongifolia Caprifoliaceae Iroquois Analgesic. Honeysuckle, swamp fly Poultice of hot bark applied to abdomen for urinating pain. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Honeysuckle, swamp fly Compound decoction of branches taken for falling of the womb. Iroquois Psychological aid. Honeysuckle, swamp fly Infusion of bark taken for loneliness and restlessness. Iroquois Sedative. Honeysuckle, swamp fly Infusion of bark taken for loneliness and restlessness. Iroquois Urinary aid. Honeysuckle, swamp fly Poultice of hot bark applied to abdomen for urinating pain. wnicera tJp. Caprifoliaceae Chippewa Pulmonary aid. Honeysuckle Compound decoction of root taken for lung trouble. Costanoan Cough medicine. Decoction of dried fruit used as a cough syrup. Costanoan Dermatological aid. Decoction of plant used for infected sores. Costanoan Disinfectant. Decoction of plant used for infected sores. Costanoan Orthopedic aid. Decoction of plant used as a bath for swollen feet. Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Compound decoction of twigs given to babies with diarrhea. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Compound decoction of twigs given to babies with diarrhea. Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Compound decoction of roots taken for consumption. wnicera utahensis Caprifoliaceae Navaho-Ramah Hunting medicine. Honeysuckle, Utah Chewed leaves blown on weapons for good luck in hunting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . wphophora williamsii Cactaceae Comanche Ceremonial medicine. Peyote Plant used in ceremonies as a narcotic. Comanche Narcotic. Peyote Plant used in ceremonies as a narcotic. Kiowa Analgesic. Peyote Poultice of plants applied for rheumatic pains, cuts and bruises.

274

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Genera

(4:380) (34:48) (60:63) (60:63) (60:63) (84:45) (84:45) (34:48) (34:48) (89:276) (34:48) (89:276) (60:63) (71:457) (71:457) (71:489) (37:443) (37:443) (37:443) (37:443) (37:443) (21:340) (5:24) (5:24) (5:24) (5:24) (37:442) (37:442) (37:442) (84:45) (10:522) (10:522) (85:43)

Lophophora

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Lophophora williamsii Cactaceae Kiowa Antirheumatic - Ext. Peyote Poultice of plants applied for rheumatic pains, cuts and bruises. (85:43) Kiowa Cold remedy. Peyote (85:43) Decoction of plants taken for colds, fevers, grippe and tuberculosis. Kiowa Dermatological aid. Peyote (85:43) Poultice of plants applied for rheumatic pains, cuts and bruises. .. Kiowa Febrifuge. Peyote (85:43) Decoction of plants taken for colds, fevers, grippe and tuberculosis. Kiowa Gast-intestinal aid. Peyote (85:43) Decoction of plants taken for intestinal ills and venereal disease. Kiowa Misc disease remedy. Peyote (85:43) Decoction of plants taken for grippe and scarlet fever. Kiowa Narcotic. Peyote (85:43) Plant used as a narcotic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kiowa Orthopedic aid. Peyote Poultice of plants applied for rheumatic pains, cuts and bruises. (85:43) Kiowa Panacea. Peyote (85:43) Decoction of plants taken as a panacea. . . . . . . . . . . . Kiowa Pulmonary aid. Peyote (85:43) Decoction of plants taken for pneumonia and scarlet fever. Kiowa Thberculosis remedy. Peyote (85:43) Decoction of plants taken for colds, fevers, grippe and tuberculosis. Kiowa Venereal aid. Peyote (85:43) Decoction of plants taken for intestinal ills and venereal disease. .. Omaha Ceremonial medicine. Peyote (30:104-106) Plant revered; used in important ritual and ceremonial sacraments. Winnebago Ceremonial medicine. Peyote (30:104-106) Plant revered; used in important ritual and ceremonial sacraments. Lotus humistratus Fabaceae Karok Gynecological aid. Lotus, hill Infusion of plant taken and used as a wash by women in labor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (58:385) Lotus scoparius Fabaceae Costanoan Cough medicine. Decoction of foliage used for coughs. . (5:19) Lotus sp. Fabaceae Mahuna Blood medicine. HOSACKIA GLABRA American deer grass Infusion of plant taken to build the blood. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (55:34) Lotus wrightii Fabaceae Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Deervetch (84:32) Decoction of leaves used for stomachache. Navaho-Ramah Cathartic. Deervetch (84:32) Decoction of leaves used as a cathartic. Navaho-Ramah Disinfectant. Deervetch (84:32) Decoction of leaves used for "deer infection." Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Deervetch (84:32) Decoction of leaves used for stomachache. Navaho-Ramah Other. Deervetch Plant used as "life medicine." . . . . . . . (84:32) Luetkea pectinata Rosaceae Okanagan Analgesic. Spiraea (48:42) Decoction of plant taken for abdominal pains. Okanagan Dermatological aid. Spiraea (48:42) Poultice of crushed plant applied to sores. . . . Okanagan Gast-intestinal aid. Spiraea (48:42) Decoction of plant taken for abdominal pains. Okanagan Gynecological aid. Spiraea (48:42) Decoction of plant taken by women for profuse or prolonged menstruation. Thompson Ind Analgesic. Spiraea (48:42) Decoction of plant taken for abdominal pains. (71:472) Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Spiraea (71:472) Poultice of crushed fresh plant applied to sores. (48:42) Poultice of crushed plant applied to sores. . . Thompson Ind Gast-intestinal aid. Spiraea (71:472) Decoction of plant taken for abdominal pain. (48:42) Decoction of plant taken for abdominal pains. Thompson Ind Gynecological aid. Spiraea (48:42) Decoction of plant taken by women for profuse or prolonged menstruation. (71:472) Decoction of plant taken for profuse or prolonged menstruation. . . . . . . .

Genera

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275

Lupinus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

liupinus aduncus Fabaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Lupine Leaves used as ceremonial emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:32) Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Lupine Cold infusion of leaves used as a lotion on poison ivy blisters. (84:32) Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Lupine Leaves used as ceremonial emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:32) liupinus albifrons Fabaceae Karok Gast-intestinal aid. Decoction of plant taken and used as a steam bath for stomach troubles. . . . . . . . . . . (58:385) liupinus brevicaulis Fabaceae Navaho Dermatological aid. Lupine, short stem Plant rubbed on as a liniment for boils. (23:56) Navaho Reproductive aid. Lupine, short stem Plant used for sterility. . . . . . . (23:56) liupinus ingmtus Fabaceae Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Lupine Poultice of crushed leaves applied to poison ivy blisters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:32) liupinus /cingii Fabaceae Hopi Eye medicine. Lupine, dwarf Plant used as eye medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · (88:33,80) Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Lupine Poultice of crushed leaves for poison ivy blisters & other skin irritations. (84:32) Navaho-Ramah Other. Lupine Leaves used as "life medicine." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:32) Lupinus littoralis Fabaceae Kwakiutl Pediatric aid. Lupine, blue Root ash rubbed into a newborn baby's cradle to make infant sleep well. (82:284) Kwakiutl Sedative. Lupine, blue (82:284) Root ash rubbed into a newborn baby's cradle to make infant sleep well. liupinus perennis Fabaceae Cherokee Antiemetic. Lupine Cold infusion taken and used as wash "to check hemorrhage and vomiting." · (35:43,44) Cherokee Antihemorrhagic. Lupine Cold infusion taken and used as wash "to check hemorrhage and vomiting." · (35:43,44) Menominee Veterinary aid. Lupine Plant used to fatten a horse and make him spirited and full of fire. (61:40) Menominee Witchcraft medicine. Lupine Plant rubbed on hands or body to give person power to control horses. (61:40) liupinus polyphyllus Fabaceae Salish an Tonic. Lupine Decoction of plants used as a tonic. .. . . . . . (80:293) Thompson Ind Unspecified. Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose. (71:461) liupinus pusillus Fabaceae Navaho-Kayenta Disinfectant. Plant used as a fumigant ingredient. (91:28) Navaho-Kayenta Ear medicine. Plant used for earaches and nosebleeds. (91:28) Navaho-Kayenta Hemostat. Plant used for earaches and nosebleeds. (91:28) liupinus rivularis Fabaceae Thompson Ind'Unspecified. Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (71:461) liupinus sp. Fabaceae Navaho Dermatological aid. LUPINUS LYALLII Plant used for boils. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (23:97) Paiute Diuretic. Lupine Plant used as a remedy for "failure in urination." (81:102) Paiute Diuretic. Plant used for bladder trouble and failure to urinate. (73:317) Paiute Urinary aid. Plant used for bladder trouble and failure to urinate. (73:317) Shoshone Diuretic. Lupine Plant used as a remedy for "failure in urination." (81:102) LuzuJa multiflom Juncaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Woodrush Plant used as a ceremonial emetic; also, used for other ceremonial purposes. (84:20) Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Woodrush Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. (84:20)

276

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Genera

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Luzula

Table 1,: Genera - Juncaceae Iroquois Other. Woodrush Decoction used to increase strength to physically punish one of bewitchment. . . . . . . . (37:279) Lychnis alba Caryophyllaceae Ojibwa Cathartic. Campion, white Infusion of root used as a physic. (63:361) Lychnis drummondii Caryophyllaceae Navaho-Ramah Other. Campion Root used as "life medicine." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:27) Lycium pallidum Solana.c;eae Hopi Ceremonial medicine. Plant used at the annual "Niman-katcina" ceremony. (24:19) Navaho-Kayenta Toothache remedy. Ground root placed in cavity for toothaches. (91:41) Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Desert thorn Leaves or root used as ceremonial emetic. (84:42) Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Desert thorn Leaves or root used as ceremonial emetic. (84:42) Navaho-Ramah Misc disease remedy. Desert thorn Plant used for chickenpox; also, used as poultice for toothache. (84:42) Navaho-Ramah Other. Desert thorn Bark and dried berries used as "life medicine." (84:42) Navaho-Ramah Toothache remedy. Desert thorn Poultice of heated root applied for toothache. (84:42) Lycium torreyi Solanaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Desert thorn Leaves or root used as ceremonial emetic. (84:42) Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Desert thorn Leaves or root used as ceremonial emetic. (84:42) Navaho-Ramah Misc disease remedy. Desert thorn Plant used for chickenpox; also, used as poultice for toothache. (84:42) Navaho-Ramah Other. Desert thorn Bark and dried berries used as "life medicine." (84:42) (84:42) Navaho-Ramah Toothache remedy. Desert thorn Poultice of heated root applied for toothache. (84:42) (84:42) Lycopodium clavatum Lycopodiaceae Aleut Analgesic. Club moss Infusion of plant taken for postpartum pain. (1:427) Aleut Gynecological aid. Club moss Infusion of plant taken for postpartum pain. (1:427) Montagnais Febrifuge. Ground hemlock "Brew" made from plant used to treat weakness and fever. (66:315) Montagnais Stimulant. Compound containing plant used to treat weakness and fever. (66:315) Potawatomi Hemostat. Club moss, common Spores of fruiting spikes used as a styptic and coagulant. (64:64) S Carrier Analgesic. Club moss, common Moss inserted in the nose to cause bleeding and cure headache. (60:48) Lycopodium complanatum Lycopodiaceae Iroquois Reproductive aid. Ground cedar Compound decoction taken to induce pregnancy. (37:263) Ojibwa Stimulant. Ground pine Dried leaves used as a reviver. . . . . . . . (63:375) Lycopodium lucidulum Lycopodiaceae Iroquois Blood medicine. Club moss, shining Compound used when "blood is bad" and for sores on the neck. (37:263) Iroquois Cold remedy. Club moss, shining Decoction used when woman catches cold due to suppressed menses. (37:263) Iroquois Dermatological aid. Club moss, shining Compound used when "blood is bad" and for sores on the neck. (37:263) Lycopodium obscurum Lycopodiaceae Chippewa Antirheumatic - Ext. Ground pine Compound decoction of moss used as herbal steam for rheumatism. (21:362) Iroquois Blood medicine. Ground pine Cold compound decoction taken for weak blood. . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:263) Iroquois Gynecological aid. Ground pine Decoction of root taken for change of life and resulting blindness, deafness .. (37:263) Montagnais Cathartic. LYCOPODIUM DENDROIDEUM Ground pine Decoction of plant taken as a purgative for biliousness. . .......... . (66:316) Luzula lffJ.

Genera

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277

Lycopodium

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Lycopodium obscurum Lycopodiaceae Montagnais Gast-intestinal aid. LYCOPODIUM DENDROIDEUM Ground pine Decoction of plant taken as a purgative "in case of biliousness." (66:316) Ojibwa Diuretic. Ground pine (63:375) Plant combined with Diervilla lonicera and taken as a diuretic. Penobscot Unspecified. LYCOPODIUM DENDROIDEUM Ground pine (66:309) Plant thought to have "some medicinal value." . . . . . . Potawatomi Hemostat. Club moss, tree Spores of fruiting spikes used as a styptic and coagulant. (64:64) Lycopodium sabinaefolium Lycopodiaceae Iroquois Venereal aid. Cypress, heath Compound decoction with plant taken for gonorrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:263) Lycopodium sp. Lycopodiaceae Iroquois Anticonvulsive. Club moss Compound decoction taken by men for epilepsy. (37:262) Iroquois Diuretic. Club moss Compound decoction used as a diuretic. . . . . . (37:262) Iroquois Hemostat. Club moss (37:262) Smoke (spores) from plant is sprinkled on nosebleed. Micmac Febrifuge. LYCOPODIA SP. Moss, club Herb used to treat fever. .............. . (15:58) Lycopus americanus Lamiaceae Fox Analgesic. Hoarhound, water (62:225) Compound containing entire plant used to treat cramps in the stomach. Fox Gast-intestinal aid. Hoarhound, water Compound containing entire plant used for stomach cramps. . . . . . . . (62:225) Lycopus asper Lamiaceae Iroquois Laxative. LYCOpuS LUCIDUS Horehound, water Decoction of plants given to children as a laxative. (37:427) Iroquois Pediatric aid. LYCOPUS LUCIDUS Horehound, water Decoction of plants given to children as a laxative. (37:427) Iroquois Poison. LYCOpus LUCIDUS Horehound, water Plant is poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:427) Lycopus virginicus Lamiaceae Cherokee Ceremonial medicine. Horehound, wild Infusion taken at green corn ceremony. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (35:39) Cherokee Other. Horehound, water Chewed root given to infants to give them eloquence of speech. (35:39) Cherokee Pediatric aid. Horehound, wild Chewed root given to infants to give them "eloquence of speech." (35:39) Cherokee Snake bite remedy. Horehound, wild (35:39) Root chewed for snakebites, a portion swallowed, the rest applied to wound. Cherokee Veterinary aid. Horehound, wild Decoction fed to snakebitten dog. (35:39) Iroquois Poison. Horehound Roots and leaves are poisonous. (37:426) Lygodesmia grandiflora Asteraceae Gosiute Veterinary aid. Plant used as a horse medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . (14:374) Hopi Gynecological aid. Leaves chewed to increase mother's milk supply. (88:36,97) Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Plant milk applied to sores caused by sunburn. (91:48) Lygodesmia Juncea Asteraceae Cheyenne Gynecological aid. Skeleton weed, rush Infusion of stems taken by pregnant & nursing mothers to increase milk flow. (36:22) Cheyenne Gynecological aid. Infusion of plants taken by women to increase the supply of milk. . . . . • . . (33:191) Simple or compound decoction of plant taken to increase maternal milk flow. (32:41) Cheyenne Misc disease remedy. Infusion of leaves taken for smallpox and measles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (33:191) Cheyenne Pediatric aid. Skeleton weed, rush Infusion of stems taken by pregnant and nursing mothers for a healthy baby. (36:22) Omaha Eye medicine. Skeleton weed Infusion of stems used as wash for sore eyes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (30:136) Omaha Gynecological aid. Skeleton weed Infusion of stems taken by nursing mothers to increase milk flow. (30:136) Ponca Eye medicine. Skeleton weed Infusion of stems used as a wash for sore eyes. . . . . . . . . . . . . (30:136) Ponca Gynecological aid. Skeleton weed Infusion of stems taken by nursing mothers to increase milk flow. (30:136)

278

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Genera

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Lygodesmia

Table 1: Genera - Lygodesmia sp. Asteraceae Navaho Sedative. LYGODESMIA ROSTRATA Asparagus, wild Plant smoked as a sedative. . . . . . . (23:88) Lygodesmia spirwsa Asteraceae Cheyenne Cold remedy. Skeleton weed, spiny Decoction of smashed roots taken & as steambath to cause sweating for colds. (36:22) Cheyenne Diaphoretic. Skeleton weed, spiny Decoction of smashed roots taken & as steambath to cause sweating for colds. (36:22) Cheyenne Herbal steam. Skeleton weed, spiny Decoction of smashed roots taken & as steambath to cause sweating for colds. (36:22) Cheyenne Misc disease remedy. Skeleton weed, spiny Decoction of smashed roots used as a steambath for mumps and tuberculosis. (36:22) Cheyenne Panacea. Skeleton weed, spiny Plant used for almost every ailment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (36:22) Cheyenne Tuberculosis remedy. Skeleton weed, spiny Decoction of smashed roots used as a steambath for mumps and tuberculosis. (36:22) Paiute Antidiarrheal. Indian gum plant Decoction of plant tops taken to stop diarrhea. (81:102,103) . Paiute Cathartic. Indian gum plant Decoction of plant tops taken as a physic. . . . (81:102,103) Paiute Dermatological aid. Indian gum plant Compound decoction of root used as a wash to reduce swelling. (81:102,103) Poultice of cottony fuzz applied to boils or sores to promote healing. (81:102,103) Paiute Emetic. Indian gum plant Decoction of plant tops taken as an emetic. . (81:102,103) Paiute Toothache remedy. Indian gum plant Cottony fuzz placed in cavity of aching tooth. (81:102,103) Shoshone Antiemetic. Indian gum plant Decoction of plant tops taken to stop vomiting. (81:102,103) Shoshone Eye medicine. Indian gum plant Decoction of plant tops used as an eyewash. (81:102-103) Shoshone Tonic. Indian gum plant Compound decoction of root taken as a tonic. (81:102,103) Lyonia mariana Ericaceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Staggerbush Infusion used for toe itch, "ground-itch," and ulcers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (35:57) Lysichiton americanum Araceae Bella Coola Gast-intestinal aid. LYSICHITON KAMTSCHATCENSE t Skunk cabbage Decoction of root taken for stomach trouble. . . . . . . . . . . . . · (60:52,53) Cowlitz Antirheumatic - Ext. Skunk cabbage Poultice of heated blossoms applied to the body for rheumatism. (34:22) Gitksan Antirheumatic - Int. LYSICHITON KAMTSCHATCENSE t Skunk cabbage Smoke of root inhaled for influenza, rheumatism, and bad dreams. · (60:52,53) Gitksan Dermatological aid. LYSICHITON KAMTSCHATCENSE t Skunk cabbage Simple/compound poultice of mashed root applied for blood poisoning & boils. · (60:52,53) Gitksan Sedative. LYSICHITON KAMTSCHATCENSE t Skunk cabbage Smoke of root inhaled for bad dreams, influenza, and rheumatism. · (60:52,53) Klallam Dermatological aid. Skunk cabbage Poultice of baked roots applied to carbuncles. . . . . . . . . . . . . (34:22) Klallam Tuberculosis remedy. Skunk cabbage Poultice of leaves applied to parts of the body sore with scrofula. (34:22) Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Skunk cabbage Heated leaves used to draw out thorns and splinters. . . . . . . . . (82:271) Poultice of leaf, oil, down and Douglas fir bark applied to carbuncles. (82:270) Poultice of steamed, mashed roots applied to swellings. . . . . . . . . (82:271) Poultice of washed, heated leaves applied to boils, carbuncles and sores. (82:271) Pulverized root rubbed into a child's head to make his hair grow. (82:271) Kwakiutl Diaphoretic. Skunk cabbage Leaves used in a sweatbath for general weakness or undefined sickness. (82:271) Kwakiutl Pediatric aid. Skunk cabbage Pulverized root rubbed into a child's head to make his hair grow. (82:271) Kwakiutl Stimulant. Skunk cabbage Leaves used in a sweatbath for general weakness or undefined sickness. (82:271) Kwakiutl Unspecified. Skunk cabbage Leaves used in a sweatbath for general weakness or undefined sickness. (82:271) Makah Abortifacient. Skunk cabbage (34:22) Raw root chewed by women to effect an abortion. Makah Analgesic. Skunk cabbage Poultice of warmed leaves applied for chest pain. (34:22) Makah Blood medicine. Skunk cabbage Decoction of roots taken as a blood purifier. (34:22)

Genera

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279

Lysichiton

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Lysichiton americanum Araceae Makah Gast-intestinal aid. Skunk cabbage (34:22) Root chewed to soothe the stomach after taking an emetic. Makah Pulmonary aid. Skunk cabbage (34:22) Poultice of warmed leaves applied for chest pain. Quileute Analgesic. Skunk cabbage (34:22) Leaves used for headaches and fevers. Quileute Dermatological aid. Skunk cabbage (34:22) Poultice of leaves applied to cuts and swellings. Quileute Febrifuge. Skunk cabbage (34:22) Leaves used for headaches and fevers. Quileute Gynecological aid. Skunk cabbage (34:22) Decoction of pounded root taken to bring about easy delivery. Quinault Panacea. Skunk cabbage (34:22) Poultice of leaves applied for many ailments. Quinault Urinary aid. Skunk cabbage (34:22) Decoction of roots taken to clean out the bladder. Samish Other. Skunk cabbage (34:22) Infusion of roots used as a wash for invalids. Shuswap Analgesic. Skunk cabbage (47:53) Poultice of leaves applied for pain, particularly pains in the knees. Shuswap Dermatological aid. Skunk cabbage (47:53) Poultice of leaves applied to sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shuswap Orthopedic aid. Skunk cabbage (47:53) Poultice of leaves applied for pain, particularly pains in the knees. Shuswap Panacea. Skunk cabbage (47:53) Cold infusion of roots taken for any sickness. Skokomish Analgesic. Skunk cabbage (34:22) Leaves used for headaches and fevers. Skokomish Cathartic. Skunk cabbage (34:22) Infusion of roots taken as a physic. Skokomish Dermatological aid. Skunk cabbage (34:22) Poultice of leaves applied to cuts and swellings. Skokomish Febrifuge. Skunk cabbage (34:22) Leaves used for headaches and fevers. Swinomish Other. Skunk cabbage (34:22) Infusion of roots used as a wash for invalids. Lysichiton kamtschatcense Araceae Gitksan Antihemorrhagic. Skunk cabbage Compound containing root as plaster on the chest for hemorrhage of lungs. · (60:52,53) Gitksan Antirheumatic - Ext. Skunk cabbage Compound containing root used for rheumatism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · (60:52,53) Poultice applied or leaves sat on or lain on in sweat bath for rheumatism. · (60:52,53) Gitksan Misc disease remedy. Skunk cabbage Smoke from burning roots inhaled for influenza; also, for bad dreams. · (60:52,53) Gitksan Poison. Skunk cabbage Roots considered poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · (60:52,53) Gitksan Pulmonary aid. Skunk cabbage Compound containing root as plaster on the chest for hemorrhage of lungs. · (60:52,53) Lysimachia quadrifolia Primulaceae Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Loosestrife, whorled Decoction of root taken for "bowel trouble;" also, for "kidney problems." (35:43) Cherokee Gynecological aid. Loosestrife, whorled (35:43) Taken "for kidney problems;" also, infusion taken for "female trouble." Cherokee Kidney aid. Loosestrife, whorled (35:43) Taken "for kidney problems;" also, infusion taken for "female trouble." Cherokee Urinary aid. Loosestrife Infusion of roots taken for urinary troubles. (79:50) Iroquois Emetic. Loosestrife, whorled Infusion of roots taken as an emetic. (37:411) Lysimachia thyrsiflora Primulacea.e Iroquois Gynecological aid. Loosestrife, tufted Compound decoction used as wash and applied as poultice to stop milk flow. . . . . . . . . (37:411) Lythrum califomicum Lythracea.e Kawaiisu Dermatological aid. Loosestrife, California Plant used for washing hair. . . . . . . . . (92:40) Kawaiisu Unspecified. Loosestrife, California Plant used medicinally. . . . . . . . . (92:40) Lythrum lanceolatum Lythraceae Cherokee Kidney aid. Loosestrife Infusion taken "for kidneys." (35:43)

280

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Genera

Lythrum

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Lythrum salicaria Lythraceae Iroquois Febrifuge. Loosestrife, spiked (37:389) Compound decoction of plants taken for fever and sickness caused by the dead. Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Loosestrife, spiked (37:389) Compound decoction of plants taken for fever and sickness caused by the dead. Machaeranthera sp. Asteraceae Zuni Emetic. MACHAERANTHERA GLABELLA Infusion of whole plant taken and rubbed on abdomen as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (72:56) Maclura pomifera Moraceae Comanche Eye medicine. Osage orange Decoction of root used as wash for sore eyes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (10:522) Madia glomerata Asteraceae Cheyenne Ceremonial medicine. Tarweed (36:22) Dried plant used in special ceremony for perverted, over-sexed people. Cheyenne Herbal steam. Tarweed (36:22) Infusion of stems and leaves taken and as a steambath for venereal disease. Cheyenne Love medicine. Tarweed (36:22) Dried plant aroma used as a love medicine to attract a woman. Cheyenne Psychological aid. Tarweed (36:22) Dried plant used for perverted, over-sexed people. . . . . . . . . Cheyenne Venereal aid. Tarweed (36:22) Infusion of stems and leaves taken and as a steambath for venereal disease. Crow Ceremonial medicine. Tarweed . (3:15) Dried herbs burned as incense in some ceremonies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MafJ1Wlia acuminata Magnoliaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Magnolia, cucumber tree (35:44) Infusion of bark taken for stomach ache or cramps; also, used for toothache. Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Magnolia, cucumber tree (35:44) Compound medicine containing bark taken for "bloody flux." . . . . . . . . Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Magnolia, cucumber tree (35:44) Infusion of bark taken for stomach- ache or cramps; also, used for toothache. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Magnolia, great leaved (35:44) Used in steam bath for "indigestion or biliousness with swelling abdomen." Cherokee Respiratory aid. Magnolia, cucumber tree (35:44) Hot infusion of bark snuffed for sinus; also, used for toothache. . Cherokee Toothache remedy. Magnolia, cucumber tree (35:44) Warm compound decoction of bark held in mouth for toothache. Iroquois Anthelmintic. Cucumber tree (37:330) Compound decoction taken by men for worms caused by venereal disease. Iroquois Toothache remedy. Cucumber tree (37:330) Infusion of inner bark "chewed" for toothaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Venereal aid. Cucumber tree (37:330) Compound decoction taken by men for worms caused by venereal disease. MafJ1Wlia grandifiora Magnoliaceae Choctaw Dermatological aid. Decoction of bark used as wash for itching of prickly heat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (8:23) MafJ1Wlia macrophylla Magnoliaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Magnolia, great leaved (35:44) Infusion of bark taken for stomach ache or cramps; also, used for toothache. Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Magnolia, great leaved (35:44) Compound medicine containing bark taken for "bloody flux." ....... . Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Magnolia, great leaved (35:44) Infusion of bark taken for stomach ache or cramps; also, used for toothache. (35:44) Used in steam bath for "indigestion or biliousness with swelling abdomen." Cherokee Respiratory aid. Magnolia, great leaved (35:44) Hot infusion of bark snuffed for sinus; also, used for toothache. . Cherokee Toothache remedy. Magnolia, great leaved (35:44) Warm compound decoction of bark held in mouth for toothache. Magnolia sp. Magnoliaceae Choctaw Dermatological aid. MAGNOLIA GRANDIFLORA t Magnolia, southern (79:23) Decoction of plant used as a bath for prickly heat. . . . . . . . . . Choctaw Kidney aid. MAGNOLIA GRANDIFLORA t Magnolia, southern (79:23) Infusion of mashed bark used as a steam bath for dropsy. Koasati Dermatological aid. MAGNOLIA GRANDIFLORA t Magnolia, southern (79:23) Decoction of bark used as a wash for sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Magnolia virginiana Magnoliaceae Houma Blood medicine. Bay, sweet Decoction of leaves & twigs taken for colds & chills and to warm the blood. (68:56) Houma Cold remedy. Bay, sweet Decoction of leaves & twigs taken for colds & chills and to warm the blood. (68:56)

Genera

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281

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Magnolia

Table 1: Genera - Magnolia virginiana Magnoliaceae

Houma Febrifuge. Bay, sweet (68:56) Decoction of leaves & twigs taken for colds & chills and to warm the blood. Rappahannock Hallucinogen. MAGNOLIA GLAUCA Laurel (69:28) Leaves or bark placed in cupped hands, over nose and inhaled as "mild dope." Maianthemum canadense Liliaceae Iroquois Kidney aid. Lily, false (37:284) Compound decoction of roots taken for the kidneys. Montagnais Analgesic. Lily of the valley, wild (66:314) Infusion of plant taken for headache. Ojibwa Analgesic. Mayflower, Canada (63:373,374) Plant used to cure headache and sore throat. Ojibwa Gynecological aid. Mayflower, Canada (63:373,374) Plant used "to keep the kidneys open during pregnancy." Ojibwa Kidney aid. Mayflower, Canada (63:373,374) Plant used "to keep the kidneys open during pregnancy." Ojibwa Throat aid. Mayflower, Canada (63:373,374) Plant used to cure sore throat and headache. Ojibwa Unspecified. Mayflower, Canada (63:373,374) Smoke inhaled for unspecified purpose. Potawatomi Throat aid. Mayflower, Canada .. (64:62,63) Root used to make a medicine for sore throat. Maianthemum dilatatum Liliaceae Makah Reproductive aid. Snakeberry Chewed roots taken to correct sterility. (34:25) Quinault Eye medicine. MAIANTHEMUM BIFOLIUM (89:276) Poultice of chewed roots applied to sore eyes. Quinault Eye medicine. Snakeberry (34:25) Infusion of pounded roots used as a wash for sore eyes. Malacothri:I; fendleri Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. (84:52) Poultice of leaves applied to sores. Navaho-Ramah Eye medicine. (84:52) Cold infusion used as wash for sore eyes. Malacothri:I; glabrata Asteraceae Apache Blood medicine. Dandelion Roots used as a blood medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (53:158) Malacothri:I; sonchoides Asteraceae Navaho-Kayenta Antiemetic. Plant used to stop vomiting. (91:49) Malaxis unifolia Orchidaceae Ojibwa Diuretic. MICROSTYLIS UNIFOLIA Adder's mouth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (63:377) Compound containing root used as a diuretic. Malva m08chata Malvaceae Iroquois Febrifuge. Mallow, marsh Infusion of plant taken for chills and lassitude. (37:385) Iroquois Stimulant. Mallow, marsh Infusion of plant taken for chills and lassitude. (37:385) Malva neglecta Malvaceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Mallow, cheeses Flowers put in oil and mixed with tallow for use on sores. . . . . . . . . . (35:44) Iroquois Dermatological aid. Mallow, common Compound infusion of plants applied as poultice to swellings of all kinds. (37:384) Iroquois Emetic. Mallow, common Infusion of smashed plant taken to vomit for a love medicine. ..... . (37:385) Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Mallow, common Compound decoction of plants applied as poultice to baby's swollen stomach. (37:385) Iroquois Love medicine. Mallow, common Infusion of smashed plant taken to vomit for a love medicine. (37:385) Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Mallow, common (37:385) Cold compound infusion of leaves applied as poultice to broken bones. Compound decoction of plants applied as poultice to baby's sore back. (37:385) Iroquois Pediatric aid. Mallow, common (37:385) Compound decoction of plants applied to baby's swollen stomach or sore back. Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Mallow, common (84:36) Cold infusion of plant taken and used as lotion for injury or swelling. Navaho-Ramah Other. Mallow, common Cold infusion of plant taken and used as lotion for injury or swelling. (84:36) Malva nicaeensis Malvaceae Costanoan Analgesic. Decoction of plant taken for migraine headaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (5:8)

282

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Genera

Malva

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Malva nicaeensis Malvaceae

Costanoan Analgesic. Poultice of heated leaves applied to the stomach or head to relieve pain. Costanoan Dermatological aid. Decoction of roots used as a hair rinse. Costanoan Emetic. Decoction of plant taken as an emetic. Costanoan Febrifuge. Decoction of roots used for fevers, especially for children. Costanoan Gast-intestinal aid. Poultice of heated leaves applied to stomach or head to relieve pain. Costanoan Misc disease remedy. Decoction of plant taken for migraine headaches. Costanoan Pediatric aid. Decoction of roots used for fevers, especially for children. Malva varviftora Malvaceae Pima Dermatological aid. Cheese weed Decoction of plant used as a shampoo. Malva rotundifolia Malvaceae Mahuna Analgesic. Mallow, American common Plant used for painful congestion of the stomach. Mahuna Gast-intestinal aid. Mallow, American common Plant used for painful congestion of the stomach. Malva sp. Malvaceae Mahuna Kidney aid. MALVACEA RUBRA Mallow, creeping rock Plant used for the kidneys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tewa Analgesic. MALLOW SP. Poultice of pulverized plant paste applied to head for headache. Mamillaria microcarpa Cactaceae Pima Ear medicine. Cactus, fish hook Plant is boiled and placed warm in the ear for earaches and suppurating ears. Marak fabaceus Cucurbitaceae Pomo Dermatological aid. ECHINOCYSTIS FAVACEA Man root, common Pounded nuts and grease rubbed on the head for falling hair. . . . Pomo Hunting medicine. ECHINOCYSTIS FAVACEA Man root, common Root used as a fish drug. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marah horridus Cucurbitaceae Kawaiisu Dermatological aid. Chilicothe Mashed, roasted seeds used as a salve for skin irritations and sores. Mashed, roasted seeds used as a salve to eliminate baldness. Kawaiisu Ear medicine. Chilicothe Roasted seeds placed in the ear to relieve earaches. Tubatulabal Dermatological aid. ECHINOCYSTIS HORRIDA Burned, ripe seeds rubbed on pimples and newborn baby's navel. Tubatulabal Pediatric aid. ECHINOCYSTIS HORRIDA Burned, ripe seeds rubbed on newborn baby's navel. . . . . . . . . Marak macrocarpus Cucurbitaceae Costanoan Dermatological aid. MARAH MACROCARPA Seeds used as a paste for pimples and skin sores. . . . . . . . . . . Luisenos Cathartic. ECHINOCYSTIS MACROCARPA Chilicothe, Spanish Roots used as purgative. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marak oreganus Cucurbitaceae Chehalis Dermatological aid. ECHINOCYSTIS OREGANA Old man root Salve of root ash and grease applied to scrofula sores. . . . . . . . Chehalis Tuberculosis remedy. ECHINOCYSTIS OREGAN A Old man root Salve of root ash and grease applied to scrofula sores. Karok Poison. ECHINOCYSTIS OREGANA Man root, hill Plant is poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Squaxin Analgesic. ECHINOCYSTIS OREGAN A Old man root Infusion of smashed stalks used as a soak for aching hands. Squaxin Orthopedic aid. ECHINOCYSTIS OREGANA Old man root Infusion of smashed stalks used as a soak for aching hands. Squaxin Poison. ECHINOCYSTIS OREGANA Old man root Plant is poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marak sp. Cucurbitaceae Mahuna Dermatological aid. MICRAPELIS MICRACARPA Cucumber, American thorny Plant juices rubbed on parts afflicted by ringworm. . . . . . . . . Seed oil rubbed on the head for diseased scalps and hair roots. . . . . . . . Mendocino Ind Antirheumatic - Ext. MICRAMPELIS MARAH Big root Seeds and roots used for rheumatism or root rubbed on rheumatic joints.

Genera

(5:8) (5:8) (5:8) (5:8) (5:8) (5:8) (5:8) (17:79) (55:8) (55:8) ..

(55:70)

. (54:70,71) (17:57) (27:14) (27:14) (92:40) (92:40) (92:40) (86:59) (86:59) . (5:24) (65:229) (34:48) (34:48) (58:386) (34:48) (34:48) (34:48) (55:38) (55:38) (16:390)

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283

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Marah

Table 1: Genera -Mamh sp. Cucurbitaceae Mendocino Ind Dermatological aid. M ICRAMPELIS MARAH Big root (16:390) Root rubbed on rheumatic joints or on boils and swellings. Mendocino Ind Poison. MICRAMPELIS MARAH Big root (16:390) Roots and seeds are poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mendocino Ind Urinary aid. MICRAMPELIS MARAH Big root (16:390) Seeds eaten for urinary troubles. . ............ . Mendocino Ind Venereal aid. MICRAMPELIS MARAH Big root (16:390) Seeds and roots used for rheumatism and venereal disease. Tubatulabal Dermatological aid. ECHINOCYSTIS BRANDEGEI (86:59) Burned, ripe seeds rubbed on pimples and newborn baby's navel. Tubatulabal Pediatric aid. ECHINOCYSTIS BRANDEGEI (86:59) Burned, ripe seeds rubbed on newborn baby's navel. . . . . . . . . Marrubium vulgare Lamiaceae Cherokee Breast treatment. Horehound, water (35:39) Infusion given to babies; also, used for "breast complaints." . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Cold remedy. Horehound, water (35:39) Taken for hoarseness and colds, and mixed with sugar to make cough syrup. Cherokee Cough medicine. Horehound, water (35:39) Taken for hoarseness and colds, and mixed with sugar to make cough syrup. Cherokee Pediatric aid. Horehound, water (35:39) Infusion given to babies; also, used for "breast complaints." . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Throat aid. Horehound, water (35:39) Taken for hoarseness and colds, and mixed with sugar to make cough syrup. Costanoan Cough medicine. (5:16) Decoction of leaves used for coughs. Costanoan Dermatological aid. (5:16) Heat.ed leaf salve used on boils. Costanoan Pulmonary aid. (5:16) Decoction of leaves used for whooping cough. Kawaiisu Cold remedy. Horehound (92:40) Hot or cold infusion of leaves and flowering tops taken for coughs and colds. Kawaiisu Cough medicine. Horehound (92:40) Hot or cold infusion of leaves and flowering tops taken for coughs and colds. Kawaiisu Respiratory aid. Horehound (92:40) Plant used as a syrup for respiratory ailments. . . . . . . . . . . . Mahuna Cough medicine. Horehound, American (55:18) Infusion of leaves and flowers taken for coughs and sore throats. Mahuna Throat aid. Horehound, American (55:18) Infusion of leaves and flowers taken for coughs and sore throat.s. Navaho Throat aid. Horehound, common (23:73) Infusion of plant taken for sore throats. . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Horehound (84:41) Decoction of plant used for stomachache and influenza. Navaho-Ramah Disinfectant. Horehound (84:41) Strong infusion used for "lightning infection." Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Horehound (84:41) Decoction of plant taken for stomachache or influenza. Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. Horehound (84:41) Root used before and after childbirth. . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Misc disease remedy. Horehound (84:41) Decoction of plant taken for stomachache or influenza. Paiute Analgesic. Horehound (81:103) Branches used to whip aching body parts to stimulate circulation. Rappahannock Cold remedy. Horehound (69:27) Infusion of roots taken for colds; compound decoction taken for coughs. Rappahannock Cough medicine. Horehound (69:27) Infusion of roots taken for colds; compound decoction taken for coughs. Round Valley Antidiarrheal. Horehound, white (16:383) Decoction of leaves taken for colds and diarrhea. Round Valley Cold remedy. Horehound, white (16:383) Decoction of leaves taken for colds and diarrhea. Yuki Cough medicine. Horehound (18:47) Infusion of plant taken for coughs. Marshallia obovata Asteraceae Catawba Misc disease remedy. Wild clover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (67:191) Plant used in certain diseases. Matricaria matricarioides Asteraceae Aleut Analgesic. Infusion of leaves taken for stomach pains, especially from gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1:426)

284

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Genera

Matricaria

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Matricaria matricarioides Asteraceae Aleut Carminative. Infusion of leaves taken for stomach pains, especially from gas. . . . . . . . . (1:426) Aleut Gast-intestinal aid. (1:426) Infusion of leaves taken for stomach pain, especially for gas on the stomach. Aleut Laxative. Infusion of leaves taken as a laxative. (1:426) Aleut Panacea. Plant used as a cure-all. .. (1:426) Aleut Tonic. Plant used to make a tonic. (1:426) Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Pineapple weed Infusion taken "to keep regular." (35:49) Cheyenne Ceremonial medicine. Pineapple weed Plant used in the Sun Dance ceremony. (36:22) Cheyenne Unspecified. Pineapple weed Plant tops used as an ingredient in many medicines. (36:22) . Costanoan Analgesic. Decoction of plant taken for stomach pain, fever and indigestion. (5:27) Costanoan Anticonvulsive. Decoction of plant used for infant convulsions. (5:27) Costanoan Dermatological aid. Seeds used as salve for infected sores. (5:27) Costanoan Disinfectant. Seeds used as salve for infected sores. (5:27) Costanoan Febrifuge. Decoction of plant taken for stomach pain, fever and indigestion. (5:27) Costanoan Gast-intestinal aid. Decoction of plant taken for stomach pain, fever and indigestion. (5:27) Costanoan Pediatric aid. Decoction of plant used for infant convulsions. (5:27) Shuswap Cold remedy. Pineapple weed Dried plants used for colds and the heart. (47:59) Shuswap Heart medicine. Pineapple weed Dried plants used for colds and the heart. (47:59) W. Eskimo Adjuvant. MATRICARIA SUAVEOLENS Chamomile, false Plant used in the steambath for its pleasant odor. . . . . . . . . · (46:22,23) Plants added to sweat bath water container to impart fragrance. .. (44:39) W. Eskimo Cold remedy. MATRICARIA SUAVEOLENS Chamomile, false Decoction of dried seed heads taken for colds or indigestion. · (46:22,23) Decoction of dried seed heads used "for either indigestion or a cold." .. (44:13) W. Eskimo Gast-intestinal aid. MATRICARIA SUAVEOLENS Chamomile, false Decoction of dried seed heads taken for colds or indigestion. · (46:22,23) (44:13) Decoction of dried seed heads used "for either indigestion or a cold." Yokia Antidiarrheal. MATRICARIA DISCOIDEA (16:395) Decoction of leaves and flowers taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . Medeola virginiana Liliaceae Iroquois Anticonvulsive. Cucumber, Indian Infusion of crushed dried berries & leaves given to babies with convulsions. (37:285) Iroquois Panacea. Cucumber, Indian (37:285) Compound infusion taken or placed on injured part; a "Little Water Medicine." Iroquois Pediatric aid. Cucumber, Indian Infusion of crushed dried berries & leaves given to babies with convulsions. (37:285) Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Cucumber, Indian (37:285) Raw root chewed and spit on hook to "make fish bite." . . . . . . . . . . . . Medicago sativa Fabaceae Costanoan Ear medicine. Poultice of heated leaves applied to the ear for earaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (5: 19) Melampyrum lineare Scrophulariaceae Ojibwa Eye medicine. Cow wheat Infusion of plant used as a "little medicine for the eyes." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (63:389) Melia azedarach Meliaceae Cherokee Anthelmintic. Chinaberry Infusion of root and bark given for worms. . . . . . . (35:29) Cherokee Dermatological aid. Chinaberry Used for "scald head," ringworm, and "tetterworm." (35:29) Cherokee Insecticide. Chinaberry Crushed leaves used to drive out "house insects." (35:29) Melilotus alba Fabaceae Iroquois Febrifuge. Sweet clover, white Infusion taken for typhoid-like fever caused by odor from killed snake. . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:364)

Genera

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285

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Melilotus

Table 1: Genera -Melilotus alba Fabaceae Navaho-Ramah Cold remedy. Sweet clover, white . .......... (84:33) Cold infusion taken and as lotion for colds caused by becoming chilled. Melilotus officinalis Fabaceae Navaho-Ramah Cold remedy. Sweet clover, yellow . .......... (84:33) Cold infusion taken and as lotion for colds caused by becoming chilled. Melissa officinalis Lamiaceae Cherokee Cold remedy. Balm (35:24) Used as a stimulant and tonic; also used for old colds. Cherokee Febrifuge. Balm (35:24) Used for typhus fevers; also, for chills and fevers. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Balm (35:24) Pland used for typhus fevers; also, for chills and fevers. Cherokee Stimulant. Balm (35:24) Used as a stimulant and tonic; also used for old colds. Cherokee Tonic. Balm (35:24) Used as a stimulant and tonic; also used for old colds. Costanoan Gast-intestinal aid. (5:16) Decoction of plant used for infants' colic and for stomachaches. Costanoan Pediatric aid. (5:16) Decoction of plant used for colic in infants. . . . . . . . . . . . . Melothria pendula Cucurbitaceae Houma Snake bite remedy. Moccasin grass Poultice of pulverized leaves and gunpowder applied to moccasin bite . . . . . . . . . . . . . (68:64) Menispermum canadense Menispermaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Sarsaparilla, yellow (35:54) Taken by "weakly females;" also, taken for weak stomachs and bowels. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Sarsaparilla, yellow (35:54) Root used for skin diseases; also, used as a laxative. . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Sarsaparilla, yellow (35:54) Taken by "weakly females;" also, taken for weak stomachs and bowels. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Sarsaparilla, yellow (35:54) Taken by "weakly females;" also, taken for weak stomachs and bowels. Cherokee Laxative. Sarsaparilla, yellow (35:54) Root used for skin diseases; also, used as a laxative. . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Stimulant. Sarsaparilla, yellow (35:54) Taken by "weakly females;" also, taken for weak stomachs and bowels. Cherokee Venereal aid. Sarsaparilla, yellow (35:54) Taken for venereal diseases; also, taken as a laxative. Delaware-Okl Dermatological aid. Parilla, yellow (77:27) Salve containing plant used on chronic sores. Menodom scabra Oleaceae Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. (84:39) Decoction of root used for pain in backbone. Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. (84:39) Cold infusion taken for heartburn. Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. (84:39) Decoction of plant taken to facilitate labor. Navaho-Ramah Orthopedic aid. (84:39) Decoction of root used for "pain in backbone." Navaho-Ramah Other. (84:39) Plant used as "life medicine." . . . . . . Mentha arvensis Lamiaceae Bella Coola Analgesic. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint (60:63) Decoction of entire plant taken for pain in the stomach. Bella Coola Gast-intestinal aid. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint (60:63) Decoction of entire plant taken for stomach pain. Cherokee Febrifuge. MENTHA ARVENIS Mint, wild (35:45) Infusion given for fever. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cheyenne Antiemetic. MENTHA CANADENSIS Decoction of finely ground leaves and stems taken to prevent vomiting. (32:39) (33:186) Decoction of leaves and stems taken to prevent vomiting. Cheyenne Ceremonial medicine. Mint (36:27) Plant used in the Sun Dance ceremony. Cheyenne Dermatological aid. Mint (36:27) Decoction of plant used as a hair oil. . Cheyenne Heart medicine. Mint (36:27) Infusion of ground leaves and stems taken to strengthen heart muscles. Cheyenne Love medicine. Mint (36:27) Infusion of ground leaves and stems used to improve one's love life. ..

286

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Genera

Mentha

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Mentha arvensis Lamiaceae Cheyenne Stimulant. Mint Infusion of ground leaves and stems taken to stimulate vital organs. Chippewa Carminative. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, wild Plant used as a carminative. . . . . . . . . Cree Gast-intestinal aid. MENTHA CANADENSIS Infusion of plant used as a stomachic. Dakota Carminative. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, wild Sweetened infusion taken as a carminative or as a beverage. Gosiute Analgesic. MENTHA CANADENSIS Decoction of plant taken for coughs and colds with headaches. Gosiute Cold remedy. MENTHA CANADENSIS Decoction of plant taken for coughs and colds with headaches. Gosiute Cough medicine. MENTHA CANADENSIS Decoction of plant taken for coughs and colds with headaches. Iroquois Antidote. Mint, American wild Compound decoction of plants taken to vomit as cure for poison. Iroquois Emetic. Mint, American wild Compound decoction of plants taken to vomit as cure for poison. Iroquois Hemorrhoid remedy. Mint, American wild Compound decoction of roots taken and used as a wash for piles. Kawaiisu Analgesic. Mint, marsh Poultice of leaves and stems applied to areas of pain and swelling. Kawaiisu Dermatological aid. Mint, marsh Poultice of leaves and stems applied to areas of pain and swelling. Keresan Febrifuge. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint Infusion of plant used to treat fevers. . .. Mahuna Sedative. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint Plant used as a sedative. . . . . . . . . . . Menominee Febrifuge. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, American wild Infusion of whole plant used as a remedy for fever. . . . . . . . Menominee Pulmonary aid. Mint, wild Compound infusion taken, and poultice applied to chest for pneumonia. Micmac Antiemetic. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, wild Herb used to treat croup; also, used to treat child's upset stomach. Micmac Pediatric aid. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, wild Herb used to treat croup; also, used to treat child's upset stomach. Micmac Pulmonary aid. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, wild Herb used to treat croup; also, used to treat child's upset stomach. Mohegan Gast-intestinal aid. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, wild Infusion of leaves considered beneficial to the stomach. Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Plant used as a lotion for swellings. . . . Navaho-Kayenta Disinfectant. Roots used for prenatal snake infection. Navaho-Kayenta Pediatric aid. Roots used for prenatal snake infection. Navaho-Ramah Febrifuge. Mint Cold infusion taken and used as lotion for fever or influenza. Navaho-Ramah Misc disease remedy. Mint Cold infusion taken and used as lotion for fever or influenza. Navaho-Ramah Stimulant. Mint Cold infusion given to counteract effects of being struck by a whirlwind. Ojibwa Blood medicine. Mint, wild Infusion of entire plant taken as a blood remedy. Ojibwa Diaphoretic. Mint, wild Plant used in the sweat bath. Ojibwa Febrifuge. Mint, wild Infusion of leaves taken to break fevers. Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint Infusion of plants taken for stomach troubles. Okanagan Analgesic. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, Canada Infusion of leaves and plant tips given to children with colicky pains. Infusion of leaves and plant tips taken for colds, pains and swellings. Okanagan Cold remedy. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, Canada Infusion of leaves and plant tips taken for colds, pains and swellings. Okanagan Dermatological aid. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, Canada Infusion of leaves and plant tips taken for colds, pains and swellings. Okanagan Gast-intestinal aid. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, Canada Infusion of leaves and plant tips given to children with colicky pains.

Genera

(36:27) (31:140) (40:303) (30:112,113) (14:351) (14:351) (14:351) (37:428) (37:428) (37:428) (92:40) (92:40) (87:562) (55:23) (22:132) (61:39) (15:58) (15:58) (15:58) (78:73,130) (91:40) (91:20) (91:40) (84:41) (84:41) (84:41) (63:371,372) (63:371,372) (63:371,372) (52:231) (48:42) (48:42) (48:42) (48:42) (48:42)

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287

Mentha

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Mentha arvensis Lamiaceae Okanagan Pediatric aid. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, Canada Infusion of leaves and plant tips given to children with colicky pains. Omaha Carminative. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, wild Sweetened infusion taken as a carminative or as a beverage. Omaha Carminative. MENTHA CANADENSIS Plant used as a carminative. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Analgesic. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, common wild Decoction of various plant parts taken for headaches, colds, and fevers. Leaves used in several ways to treat headaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Cold remedy. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, common wild Decoction of various plant parts taken for headaches, colds, and fevers. Paiute Dermatological aid. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, common wild Poultice of crushed leaves applied to reduce swelling. . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Febrifuge. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, common wild Decoction of various plant parts taken and used as a wash for fevers. Paiute Gast-intestinal aid. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, common wild Infusion/decoction of plant parts for stomachache, indigestion,babies' colic. Paiute Other. Mint, tule Plant chewed or infusion of entire plant, except root, taken to keep cool. Paiute Pediatric aid. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, common wild Infusion/decoction of plant parts for stomachache, indigestion, babies' colic. Paiute Throat aid. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, common wild Leaves chewed for sore throats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pawnee Carminative. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, wild Sweetened infusion taken as a carminative or as a beverage. Ponca Carminative. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, wild Sweetened infusion taken as a carminative or as a beverage. Potawatomi Febrifuge. Mint, wild Leaves or top of plant used to treat fevers. Potawatomi Pulmonary aid. Mint, wild Decoction of leaves used to cure pleurisy. S Carrier Cold remedy. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint Decoction of entire plant taken for colds; also, taken for the stomach. S Carrier Gast-intestinal aid. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint Decoction of entire plant taken for the stomach; taken for various ailments. S Carrier Pulmonary aid. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint Decoction of entire plant taken for "lung affections;" also, for colds. Sanpoil Cold remedy. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, wild Decoction of leaves taken by adults for colds; infusion given to children. Sanpoil Cold remedy. Mint, wooly field Decoction of plant given to infants for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sanpoil Panacea. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, wild Decoction of leaves taken by adults for "illnesses of a general nature." Infusion of leaves given to children for "illnesses of a general nature." Sanpoil Pediatric aid. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, wild Decoction of leaves taken by adults for colds; infusion given to children. Infusion of leaves given to children for "illnesses of a general nature." Sanpoil Pediatric aid. Mint, wooly field Decoction of plant given to infants for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Cold remedy. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, common wild Decoction of various plant parts taken for colds. . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Febrifuge. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, common wild Decoction of various plant parts taken and used as a wash for fevers. Shoshone Gast-intestinal aid. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, common wild Decoction of plant parts for stomachache, indigestion, or babies' colic. Shoshone Pediatric aid. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, common wild Decoction of plant parts for stomachache, indigestion, or babies' colic. Thompson Ind Analgesic. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, American wild Decoction of leaves and tops taken for colds, pains, and swellings. .. Thompson Ind Analgesic. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, Canada Infusion of leaves and plant tips given to children with colicky pains. Infusion of leaves and plant tips taken for colds, pains and swellings. Thompson Ind Antirheumatic - Ext. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, American wild Leaves used in the sweatbath for rheumatism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Cold remedy. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, American wild Decoction of leaves and tops taken and used as herbal steam for colds. Plant steamed in the sweat bath for rheumatism and severe colds. Thompson Ind Cold remedy. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, Canada Infusion of leaves and plant tips taken for colds, pains and swellings.

288

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Genera

(48:42) (30:112,113) ... (28:334) (81:104,105) (81:104,105) (81:104,105) (81:104,105) (81:104,105) (81:104,105) ... (73:317) (81:104,105) (81:104,105) (30:112,113) (30:112,113) (64:61) (64:61) (60:63) (60:63) (60:63) (51:218) (51:218) (51:218) (51:218) (51:218) (51:218) (51:218) (81:104,105) (81:104,105) (81:104,105) (81:104.105) (71:475) (48:42) (48:42) (71:475) (71:475) (71:475) (48:42)

Mentha

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Mentha arvensis Lamiaceae Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, American wild Decoction of leaves and tops taken as a remedy for colds, pains, & swellings .. Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, Canada Infusion of leaves and plant tips taken for colds, pains and swellings. Thompson Ind Diaphoretic. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, American wild Plant steamed in the sweat bath for rheumatism and severe colds. Thompson Ind Gast-intestinal aid. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, Canada Infusion of leaves and plant tips given to children with colicky pains. Thompson Ind Herbal steam. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, American wild Plant steamed in the sweat bath for rheumatism and severe colds. Thompson Ind Pediatric aid. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, Canada Infusion of leaves and plant tips given to children with colicky pains. Thompson Ind Unspecified. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, American wild Plant used as a charm for unspecified purpose. . . . . . . . . . Washoe Antidiarrheal. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, common wild Decoction of various plant parts taken to stop diarrhea. Washoe Cold remedy. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, common wild Decoction of various plant parts taken for colds and fevers. Washoe Febrifuge. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, common wild Decoction of various plant parts taken for colds and fevers. Washoe Gast-intestinal aid. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, common wild Decoction of plant parts for stomachache, indigestion, or babies' colic. Washoe Pediatric aid. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, common wild Decoction of plant parts for stomachache, indigestion, and babies' colic. Winnebago Carminative. MENTHA CANADENSIS Mint, wild Sweetened infusion taken as a carminative or as a beverage. . . . . . . . Mentha piperita Lamiaceae Cherokee Adjuvant. Peppermint Infusion taken for fevers & for colds; also, used to flavor medicine & foods. Cherokee Analgesic. Peppermint Taken for colic pains, to relieve cramps, and used to cure nervous headache. Cherokee Antiemetic. Peppermint Used as a stimulant; also, taken to check vomiting and to relieve hysterics. Cherokee Carminative. Peppermint Taken to "dispel flatulence and remove colic pains." . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Cold remedy. Peppermint Infusion taken for fevers & for colds; also, used to flavor medicine & foods. Cherokee Febrifuge. Peppermint Infusion taken for fevers & for colds; also, used to flavor medicine & foods .. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Peppermint Taken for "affections of stomach and bowels;" infusion for upset stomach. Taken for bowel problems, and given for cholera infantum. Cherokee Hemorrhoid remedy. Peppermint Tincture applied externally to piles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Peppermint Taken for bowel problems, and given for cholera infantum. Cherokee Pediatric aid. Peppermint Taken for bowel problems, and given for cholera infantum. Cherokee Sedative. Peppermint Used as a stimulant; also, taken to check vomiting and to relieve hysterics. Cherokee Stimulant. Peppermint Used as a stimulant; also, taken to check vomiting and to relieve hysterics. Cherokee Urinary aid. Peppermint Taken as a remedy for "suppression of urine and gravelly affection." Delaware-Okl Tonic. Peppermint Compound containing leaves used as a tonic. . , . Iroquois Cold remedy. Peppermint Infusion of whole plant taken for colds and fevers. Iroquois Febrifuge. Peppermint Infusion of whole plant taken for colds and fevers. Iroquois Other. Peppermint Compound infusion used as wash on injured parts; a "Little Water Medicine." Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Peppermint Infusion of plant will throw off witchcraft. No application indicated. Menominee Pulmonary aid. Peppermint Compound infusion taken, and poultice applied to chest for pneumonia. Mohegan Anthelmintic. Peppermint Infusion of leaves taken by children and adults as a vermifuge. Infusion of plant given to babies for worms. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Genera

(71:475) (48:42) (71:475) (48:42) (71:475) (48:42) (71:507) (81:104,105) (81:104,105) (81:104,105) (81: 104,105) (81:104,105) (30:112,113) · (35:48,49) · (35:48,49) · (35:48,49) · (35:48,49) · (35:48,49) · (35:48,49) · (35:48,49) · (35:48,49) · (35:48,49) · (35:48,49) · (35:48,49) · (35:48,49) · (35:48,49) · (35:48,49) (77:76) (37:428) (37:428) (37:428) (37:428) (61:39) (78:73,130) · . (76:265)

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289

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Mentha

Table 1: Genera - Mentha piperita Lamiaceae Mohegan Pediatric aid. Peppermint Infusion given to babies for worms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Infusion of leaves used as a vermifuge for children and adults. Mentha sp. Lamiaceae Chehalis Cold remedy. Mint Infusion of leaves taken for colds. Cowlitz Cold remedy. Mint Infusion of leaves taken for colds. Kiowa Gast-intestinal aid. Mint Decoction of leaves taken for stomach troubles. Salishan Unspecified. MENTHA BOREALIS Mint Decoction of plants used as a medicine. Mentha spicata Lamiaceae Cherokee Adjuvant. Spearmint Infusion taken for fevers & for colds; also, used to flavor medicine & foods .. Cherokee Analgesic. Spearmint Taken for colic pains, to relieve cramps, and used to cure nervous headache. Cherokee Antiemetic. Spearmint Used as a stimulant; also, taken to check vomiting and to relieve hysterics. Cherokee Carminative. Spearmint Taken to "dispel flatulence and remove colic pains." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Cold remedy. Spearmint Infusion taken for fevers & for colds; also, used to flavor medicine & foods .. Cherokee Febrifuge. Spearmint Infusion taken for fevers & for colds; also, used to flavor medicine & foods .. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Spearmint Taken for "affections of stomach and bowels;" infusion for upset stomach. Taken for bowel problems, and given for cholera infantum. Cherokee Hemorrhoid remedy. Spearmint Tincture applied externally to piles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Spearmint Taken for bowel problems, and given for cholera infantum. Cherokee Pediatric aid. Spearmint Taken for bowel problems, and given for cholera infantum. Cherokee Sedative. Spearmint Used as a stimulant; also, taken to check vomiting and to relieve hysterics. Cherokee Stimulant. Spearmint Used as a stimulant; also, taken to check vomiting and to relieve hysterics. Cherokee Urinary aid. Spearmint Taken as a remedy for "suppression of urine and gravelly affection." Iroquois Analgesic. Spearmint Cold infusion applied to forehead or powdered plant snuffed for headaches. Iroquois Cold remedy. Spearmint Infusion of whole plant taken for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Emetic. Spearmint Infusion of plants given to children as an emetic or for a bad stomach. Iroquois Febrifuge. Spearmint Compound infusion of powdered plants taken for fevers or typhoid. .. Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Spearmint Infusion of plants given to children as an emetic or for a bad stomach. Iroquois Misc disease remedy. Spearmint Compound infusion of powdered plants taken for fevers or typhoid. .. Iroquois Other. Spearmint . Compound infusion used as wash on injured parts; a "Little Water Medicine." Iroquois Pediatric aid. Spearmint Infusion of plants given to children as an emetic or for a bad stomach. Iroquois Respiratory aid. Spearmint Compound decoction of roots and berries taken for hay fever. Mahuna Sedative. Spearmint Plant used as a sedative. . . . . . . . . Mohegan Anthelmintic. Spearmint Infusion of leaves taken as a vermifuge. Infusion of plant taken as a worm medicine. Mentzelia albicaulis Loasaceae Gosiute Burn dressing. Seeds used for burns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Snake bite remedy. Blazing star Compound containing leaves used for snake bite. Navaho-Ramah Toothache remedy. Blazing star Poultice of crushed, soaked seeds applied for toothache.

290

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Genera

(76:265) (78:73) (34:45) (34:45) (85:48) (80:294) · (35:48,49) · (35:48,49) · (35:48,49) · (35:48,49) · (35:48,49) · (35:48,49) · (35:48,49) · (35:48,49) · (35:48,49) · (35:48,49) · (35:48,49) · (35:48,49) · (35:48,49) · (35:48,49) (37:427) (37:428) (37:427) (37:427) (37:427) (37:427) (37:427) (37:427) (37:427) (55:23) (78:73,130) · . (76:265) (14:375) (84:36) (84:36)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Mentzelia

Table 1: Genera - Mentzelia laevicaulis Loasaceae Cheyenne Antirheumatic - Int. Blazing star Roots used for earaches, rheumatism and arthritis. (36:30) Cheyenne Dietary aid. Blazing star Roots chewed for thirst prevention. . . . . . . . . . . (36:30) Cheyenne Ear medicine. Blazing star Roots used for earaches, rheumatism and arthritis. (36:30) Cheyenne Febrifuge. Blazing star Roots used for fevers and complicated illnesses. (36:30) Cheyenne Misc disease remedy. Blazing star Infusion of roots taken for mumps, measles and smallpox. (36:30) Cheyenne Unspecified. Blazing star Plant used as an ingredient in medicinal preparations. (36:30) Roots used for fevers and complicated illnesses. (36:30) Gosiute Dermatological aid. Infusion of roots used to reduce swelling due to bruises. (14:349) Mendocino Ind Dermatological aid. Decoction of leaves taken for stomachaches or as a wash for skin diseases. (16:369) Mendocino Ind Gast-intestinal aid. Decoction of leaves taken for stomachaches or as a wash for skin diseases. (16:369) Thompson Ind Unspecified. Stickseed Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (71:474) Mentzelia pumila Loasaceae Apache Laxative. Stickleaf Powdered roots used for constipation. (53:158) Hopi Other. Blazing star Plant used as a substitute for tobacco. (88:85) Hopi Toothache remedy. Blazing star Plant used as "a toothache medicine." (88:85) Navaho Emetic. MENTZELIA MULTIFLORA Stickleaf Plant used as an emetic. . . . . . : . . . . . . . . (38:161) Navaho-Kayenta Ceremonial medicine. (91:32) Plant used as fumigant for collared lizard ceremony. Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. (91:32) Plant used to keep smallpox sores from pitting. Navaho-Kayenta Disinfectant. (91:32) Plant used as fumigant for collared lizard ceremony. Navaho-Kayenta Gast-intestinal aid. (91:32) Plant used for abdomen swellings. Navaho-Ramah Eye medicine. Blazing star Infusion of flowers used as an eyewash. (84:37) Zuni Laxative. Stickleaf Powdered root inserted into rectum as a suppository for constipation. (72:57) Mentzelia sp. Loasaceae Dakota Febrifuge. NUTTALLIA NUDA (30:103) Boiled, strained sap applied externally as a remedy for fever. Navaho-Ramah Eye medicine. MENTZELIA LACINIATA (84:36) Infusion of flowers used as an eyewash. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . Mentzelia veatchiana Loasaceae Kawaiisu Burn dressing. Pounded seed used as a salve rubbed on burned skin. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (92:41) Menyanthes trifoliata Gentianaceae Aleut Analgesic. Pondweed Infusion of roots taken for gas pains, constipation, and rheumatism. (1:427) Aleut Antirheumatic - Int. Pondweed Compound containing roots taken as a tonic for gas pains and rheumatism. (1:427) Aleut Carminative. Pondweed (1:427) Compound containing roots taken as a tonic for gas pains and constipation. Aleut Laxative. Pondweed (1:427) Compound containing roots taken as a tonic for gas pains and constipation. Aleut Tonic. Pondweed (1:427) Roots used as a powerful ingredient in a tonic. . . . . . . . . . Kwakiutl Antiemetic. Buckbean, marsh (82:287) Decoction of roots or leaves taken when sick to the stomach. Kwakiutl Antihemorrhagic. Buckbean, marsh (82:287) Decoction of ground stem and roots taken for blood spitting. Kwakiutl Antihemorrhagic. Decoction of root & stem for "spitting of blood and other internal diseases." . (4:380) Kwakiutl Dietary aid. Buckbean, marsh (82:287) Decoction of roots or leaves taken to put on weight. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Genera

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291

Menyanthes

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Menyanthes trifoliata Gentianaceae Kwakiutl Gast-intestinal aid. Buckbean, marsh Decoction of roots or leaves taken when sick to the stomach. Kwakiutl Misc disease remedy. Buckbean, marsh Decoction of roots or leaves taken to put on weight during the flu. Menominee Unspecified. Buckbean Plant used in medicines; preparation and use unspecified. · Micmac Unspecified. MERGANTNES TRIFOLIA Strong decoction of root taken for unspecified purpose. Tlingit Unspecified. Buckbean Plant used for its medicinal value. ........... . Me'11Ziesia /erruginea Ericaceae Kwakiutl Analgesic. Azalea, false Leaves chewed for heart pain and stomach troubles. · Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Azalea, false Poultice of heated leaves applied to sores and swellings. · Kwakiutl Gast-intestinal aid. Azalea, false Leaves chewed for heart pain and stomach troubles. · Kwakiutl Heart medicine. Azalea, false Leaves chewed for heart pain and stomach troubles. · Quinault Love medicine. Huckleberry, fool's Forked twig waved in the air by a woman to make a man fall in love with her. MeTtensia ciliata Boraginaceae Oheyenne Gynecological aid. Infusion of plant taken by women to increase supply of milk. Cheyenne Misc disease remedy. Infusion of leaves taken for smallpox and measles. . . . . . . . MeTtensia virginica Boraginaceae Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Bluebells Taken for whooping cough and consumption. Cherokee Tuberculosis remedy. Bluebells Taken for whooping cough and consumption. Iroquois Antidote. Cowslip, Virginia Compound infusion of roots taken as an antidote for poisons. Iroquois Venereal aid. Cowslip, Virginia Decoction of roots taken for venereal disease. . . . . . . . . . . Microsteris gracilis Polemoniaceae Gosiute Dermatological aid. GILIA GRACILIS Poultice of mashed plant applied to wounds and bruises. Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. GILIA GRACILIS Poultice of plant applied to sores on body. . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Oral aid. GILIA GRACILIS Cold infusion used as mouthwash for sores in mouth. Microsteris linearis Polemoniaceae Gosiute Dermatological aid. GILIA LINEARIS Poultice of mashed plant applied to wounds and bruises. . ................... Mimulus aurantiacus Scrophulariaceae Costanoan Kidney aid. Decoction of plant used for kidney or bladder problems. Costanoan Urinary aid. Decoction of plant used for kidney or bladder problems. Tubatulabal Gast-intestinal aid. DIPLACUS AURANTIACUS Decoction of leaves and flowers taken for stomachaches. Mimulus cardinalis Scrophulariaceae Karok Pediatric aid. Infusion of plant used as a wash for new-born baby. . ...................... M,'mulus eastwoodiae Scrophulariaceae Navaho-Kayenta Anticonvulsive. Plant used for hiccoughs. Mimulus glabratus Scrophulariaceae Potawatomi Unspecified. Monkey flower Leaves used as treatment for unspecified ailments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mimulus guttatus Scrophulariaceae Kawaiisu Analgesic. Monkey flower, common Decoction of stems & leaves used as steambath for soreness in chest and back. Kawaiisu Herbal steam. Monkey flower, common Decoction of stems & leaves used as steambath for soreness in chest and back. Kawaiisu Orthopedic aid. Monkey flower, common Decoction of stems & leaves used as steambath for soreness in chest and back. Shoshone Dermatological aid. Monkey flower Poultice of crushed leaves applied to wounds or rope burns. . . . . . . . . . . . .

292

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Genera

(82:287) (82:287) (61:36) (66:317) (59:330) (82:283) (82:283) (82:283) (82:283) (34:43) (33:184) (33:184) (35:26) (35:26) (37:421) (37:421) (14:370) (84:40) (84:40) (14:370) (5:15) (5:15) (86:59) (58:389) (91:42) (64:83) (92:41) (92:41) (92:41) (81:105)

Mimulus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Mimulus longiftorus Scrophulariaceae Tubatulabal Gast-intestinal aid. DIPLACUS LONGIFLORUS Decoction of leaves and flowers taken for stomachaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mimulus ringens Scrophulariaceae Iroquois Anticonvulsive. Monkey flower Compound decoction of roots taken by women for epilepsy. Iroquois Antidote. Monkey flower Compound decoction of plants used as wash to counteract poison. Mirabilis greenei Nyctaginaceae Karok Pediatric aid. Plant used to make a new-born baby healthy. Mirabilis laevis Nyctaginaceae Luisenos Cathartic. MIRABILIS CALIFORNICA Decoction of leaves taken as a purgative. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mahuna Febrifuge. MIRABILIS CALIFORNICA Four o'clock, American Plant used for eruptive fevers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mirabilis linearis Nyctaginaceae Navaho-Kayenta Gast-intestinal aid. OXYBAPHUS LINEARIS Root used for stomach disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Gynecological aid. OXYBAPHUS LlNEARIS Infusion of roots used for postpartum treatment. Navaho-kayenta Other. OXYBAPHUS LINEARIS Plant used as a Life medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Burn dressing. OXYBAPHUS LINEARIS Poultice of soaked, split root applied to burns. . Navaho-Ramah Cough medicine. OXYBAPHUS LINEARIS Decoction of plant used for coughs in sheep, horses, or humans. Navaho-Ramah Hunting medicine. OXYBAPHUS LINEARIS Cold infusion of plant used as a lotion for good luck in trading or hunting. Navaho-Ramah Veterinary aid. OXYBAPHUS LINEARIS Decoction of plant used for coughs in sheep, horses, or humans. . . . . . . Mirabilis multiflora Nyctaginaceae Hopi Hallucinogen. QUAMOCLIDION MULTIFLORUM Four o'clock Roots chewed by doctor to induce visions while making diagnosis. · Navaho Antirheumatic - Int. Four o'clock Plant used for rheumatism. . . . . . . Navaho Dermatological aid. Four o'clock Plant used for "swellings." . . . . . . Navaho Oral aid. Four o'clock Plant used for various mouth disorders. Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Four o'clock, many flowered Poultice of root applied to swellings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tewa Kidney aid. QUAMOCLIDION MULTIFLORUM Four o'clock Infusion of pulverized root taken for swellings "of dropsical origin." Zuni Dietary aid. QUAMOCLIDION MULTIFLORUM Four o'clock, wild Infusion of root taken and rubbed on abdomen of hungry adults and children. · Zuni Gast-intestinal aid. QUAMOCLIDION MULTIFLORUM Four o'clock, wild Infusion of powdered root taken by adults or children after overeating. Zuni Pediatric aid. QUAMOCLIDION MULTIFLORUM Four o'clock, wild Infusion of powdered root taken by adults or children after overeating. Mirabilis nyctaginea Nyctaginaceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Four o'clock · Beaten root used to poultice boils; milk poured over leaves is fly poison. Cherokee Insecticide. Four o'clock · Beaten root used to poultice boils; milk poured over leaves is fly poison. Chippewa Orthopedic aid. ALLIONIA NYCTAGINEA Umbrella plant Decoction of root or poultice of root applied to sprain or strained muscles. Dakota Anthelmintic. ALLIONIA NYCTAGINEA Four o'clock, wild Compound decoction of root taken as a vermifuge. . . . . . . . . . Decoction of roots taken as a vermifuge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dakota Dermatological aid. ALLIONIA NYCTAGINEA Four o'clock, wild Compound decoction of root used as wash for swollen arms or legs. Dakota Febrifuge. ALLIONIA NYCTAGINEA Four o'clock, wild Decoction of root taken for fever. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Decoction of roots taken as a febrifuge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fox Burn dressing. OXYBAPHUS NYCTAGINEA Umbrella wort, heart leaved Poultice of macerated root applied to burns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fox Urinary aid. OXYBAPHUS NYCTAGINEA Umbrella wort, heart leaved Root or whole herb used to treat bladder troubles. . . . . . . . . . . Ojibwa Orthopedic aid. OXYBAPHUS NYCTAGINEUS Umbrella wort, heart leaved Root used to reduce sprains and swellings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Genera

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(86:59) (37:435) (37:435) (58:383) (65:232) (55:10) (91:21) (91:21) (91:21) (84:26) (84:26) (84:26) (84:26)

(88:31,75) (38:161) (38:161) (38:161) (84:26) (54:60) (72:58,59) (72:58) (72:58) (35:34,35) (35:34,35) (21:362) (30:78) (29:361) (30:78) (30:78) (29:361) (62:232) (62:232) (63:375)

293

Mirabilis

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Mimbilis nyctaginea Nyctaginaceae Pawnee Gynecological aid. ALLIONIA NYCTAGINEA Four o'clock, wild Decoction of root taken after childbirth to reduce abdominal swelling. Pawnee Oral aid. ALLIONIA NYCTAGINEA Four o'clock, wild Dried, ground root applied to baby's sore mouth. . . . . . . . . . . . Pawnee Pediatric aid. AL):,IONIA NYCTAGINEA Four o'clock, wild Pulverized dried root applied as a remedy for sore mouth in babies. Ponca Dermatological aid. ALLIONIA NYCTAGINEA Four o'clock, wild Chewed root blown into wounds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Teton Sioux Dermatological aid. ALLIONIA NYCTAGINEA Umbrella wort Moistened, grated root rubbed on skin for swelling. . . . . . . . . Teton Sioux Orthopedic aid. ALLIONIA NYCTAGINEA Umbrella wort Herb used externally to treat broken bones. . .......... . Mimbilis oxybaphoides Nyctaginaceae Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Plant used for spider bites or as a hair lotion for dandruff. Navaho-Ramah Orthopedic aid. Poultice of whole plant applied to fractures. . . . . . . . . Mitchella repens Rubiaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Partridge berry Taken for "monthly period pains." . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Partridge berry Decoction made with milk taken for dysentery and piles. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Partridge berry Infusion taken for hives; also, used for sore nipples. Cherokee Diaphoretic. Partridge berry Taken as a diaphoretic and as a diuretic. Cherokee Dietary aid. Partridge berry Given to baby before it "takes the breast." Cherokee Diuretic. Partridge berry Taken as a diaphoretic and as a diuretic. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Partridge berry Infusion of root taken with rattlesnake weed for bowel complaint. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Partridge berry Used to facilitate childbirth & for sore nipples; taken for menstrual cramps. Cherokee Hemorrhoid remedy. Partridge berry Decoction made with milk taken for dysentery and piles. Cherokee Pediatric aid. Partridge berry Given to baby before it "takes the breast." Cherokee Veterinary aid. Partridge berry Given to pregnant cat and her kittens. . . . Chippewa Unspecified. Partridge berry Infusion of whole plant used for medicinal purposes. Delaware-Okl Abortifacient. Partridge berry Infusion of plant taken for "suppressed menses." .. Delaware-Okl Antirheumatic - Ext. Partridge berry Strong infusion of roots or twigs used as herbal steam for rheumatism. Delaware-Okl Gynecological aid. Partridge berry Infusion of plant taken to strengthen the "female generative organs." Delaware-Okl Herbal steam. Partridge berry Infusion of roots or twigs used as herbal steam to treat rheumatism. Iroquois Allalgesic. Partridge berry Compound decoction of roots taken for pain when urinating. . . . . . Compound infusion of roots and bark taken for back pain or vomiting. Decoction of plants taken by pregnant women with side or labor pains. Iroquois Anticonvulsive. Partridge berry Compound infusion given to children with inward fever and convulsions. Iroquois Antiemetic. Partridge berry Compound infusion of roots and bark taken for back pain or vomiting. . Iroquois Blood medicine. Partridge berry Compound decoction of plants taken as blood purifier or for venereal disease. Decoction of plants taken to "remove chill from the blood." Iroquois Carminative. Partridge berry Decoction of plant taken for gas on the stomach. . . . . . . Iroquois Cathartic. Partridge berry Decoction of roots given to newborn babies as a physic for stomachaches. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Partridge berry Decoction of plants given to babies with rashes. . . . . . . . . . Poultice of smashed plant applied to cuts and to stop bleeding. Iroquois Febrifuge. Partridge berry Compound infusion given to children with inward fever and convulsions.

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Genera

(30:78) (30:78) (30:78) (30:78) (20:270) (20:270) (91:21) (84:26) (35:47) (35:47) (35:47) (35:47) (35:47) (35:47) (35:47) (35:47) (35:47) (35:47) (35:47) (31:141) . (77:30,76) . (77:30,76) (77:30) (77:30) (37:441) (37:442) (37:441) (37:440) (37:442) (37:441) (37:441) (37:442) (37:441) (37:441) (37:441) (37:440)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Mitchella

Table 1: Genera - Mitchella repens Rubiaceae

Iroquois Febrifuge. Partridge berry Compound infusion of plants taken for typhoid-like fever or inward fever. Poultice of hot plant applied to chest for fevers. . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Partridge berry Compound infusion taken for inward fever from stomach trouble. Decoction of roots given to newborn babies as a physic for stomachaches. Poultice applied or decoction of vines given to babies with swollen abdomens. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Partridge berry Compound decoction of leaves and roots taken for leucorrhea (sick womb). Compound decoction of plants taken by pregnant women with side pains. . Compound of plants taken for labor pain in parturition. No preparation given. Iroquois Hemostat. Partridge berry Poultice of smashed plant applied to cuts and to stop bleeding. Iroquois Kidney aid. Partridge berry Infusion or decoction of roots and bark taken for kidney troubles. Iroquois Love medicine. Partridge berry Compound of plant used as love medicine. No preparation or application given .. Iroquois Misc disease remedy. Partridge berry Decoction of plant taken by pregnant mother to prevent rickets in baby. Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Partridge berry Compound infusion of roots and bark taken for back pain or vomiting. Iroquois Other. Partridge berry Compound decoction of plants taken for swollen testicles or ruptures. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Partridge berry Compound infusion given to children with inward fever and convulsions. Decoction of plant taken by pregnant mother to prevent rickets in baby. Decoction of plants given to babies with rashes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Decoction of roots given to newborn babies as a physic for stomachaches. Decoction of vines given to babies when they will not suckle. . . . . . . . . Poultice applied or decoction of vines given to babies with swollen abdomens. Iroquois Psychological aid. Partridge berry Compound infusion of plants taken for typhoid-like fever or craziness. Iroquois Urinary aid. Partridge berry Compound decoction of roots taken for pain when urinating. Decoction of plants taken for bladder stricture. . . . . . . . . Iroquois Venereal aid. Partridge berry Compound decoction of plants taken as blood purifier or for venereal disease. Menominee Gynecological aid. Partridge berry Decoction of leaves used for "diseases of women." Menominee Sedative. Partridge berry Infusion of leaves taken "to cure insomnia." Montagnais Febrifuge. Partridge berry, creeper Berries cooked into a jelly and used to treat fever. Ojibwa Ceremonial medicine. Partridge berry Leaves smoked during ceremonies. . ....... . Penobscot Unspecified. Partridge berry Infusion of leaves used as a medicine for unspecified purpose. Mitella diphylla Saxifragaceae Iroquois Emetic. Mitrewort Decoction of whole plants taken to vomit to counteract bad luck. Iroquois Eye medicine. Mitrewort Infusion of plant used as drops for sore eyes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Other. Mitrewort Decoction of whole plants used as body and rifle wash to counteract bad luck .. Mitella sp. Saxifragaceae Gosiute Cathartic. Infusion of root juice taken to hasten elimination and purging. Plant used as a purgative for intestinal disorders of babies and adults. Gosiute Gast-intestinal aid. Plant used as a purgative for intestinal disorders of babies and adults. Gosiute Laxative. Infusion of root juice taken to hasten elimination and purging. . . . . . Gosiute Pediatric aid. Plant used as a purgative for intestinal disorders of babies and adults. Mitella trifida Saxifragaceae Gosiute Gast-intestinal aid. Mitrewort Infusion of roots used for colic in babies. Gosiute Pediatric aid. Mitrewort Infusion of roots used for colic in babies.

Genera

(37:440) (37:442) (37:440) (37:441) (37:441) (37:441) (37:441) (37:442) (37:441) (37:442) (37:441) (37:442) (37:442) (37:441) (37:440) (37:442) (37:441) (37:441) (37:440) (37:441) (37:440) (37:441) (37:441) (37:441) (22:133) (61:51) (66:313) (52:239) (66:309) (37:345) (37:345) (37:345) (14:348) (14:350) (14:350) (14:348) (14:350) (14:375) (14:375)

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295

Modiola

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Modiola caroliniana Malvaceae Houma Misc disease remedy. Mallow Compound infusion gargled & decoction taken for sore throat or diphtheria. Houma Throat aid. Mallow Compound infusion gargled & decoction taken for tonsilitis or sore throat. Monarda didyma Lamiaceae Cherokee Abortifacient. Horsemint Used for female obstructions; also, as a carminative for colic & flatulence. Cherokee Analgesic. Horsemint Poultice of leaves for headache; also, used for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Carminative. Horsemint Used for female obstructions; also, as a carminative for colic & flatulence. Cherokee Cold remedy. Horsemint Poultice of leaves for headaches; also, used for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Diaphoretic. Horsemint Used as a carminative for colic; also, as a diuretic and as a diaphoretic. Cherokee Diuretic. Horsemint Used as a carminative for colic; also, as a diuretic and as a diaphoretic. Cherokee Febrifuge. Horsemint Hot infusion of leaf used to "bring out measles;" infusion used as febrifuge .. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Horsemint Infusion of leaf and top of plant taken for weak bowels and stomach. Cherokee Heart medicine. Horsemint Used for hysterics and for restful sleep; infusion used for heart trouble. Cherokee Hemostat. Horsemint Infusion of leaf or root taken orally and wiped on head for nosebleed. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Horsemint Infusion of leaf used to "bring out measles;" infusion, to "sweat off flu." Cherokee Sedative. Horsemint Used for hysterics and for restful sleep; infusion used for heart trouble. Monama jistulosa Lamiaceae Cherokee Abortifacient. Horsemint Used for female obstructions; also, as a carminative for colic & flatulence. Cherokee Analgesic. Horsemint Poultice of leaves for headaches; also, used for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Carminative. Horsemint Used for female obstructions; also, as a carminative for colic & flatulence. Cherokee Cold remedy. Horsemint Poultice of leaves for headaches; also, used for colds. . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Diaphoretic. Horsemint Used as a diuretic and a diaphoretic; especially, for "sweating off flu." Cherokee Diuretic. Horsemint Used as a carminative for colic; also, as a diuretic and as a diaphoretic. Cherokee Febrifuge. Horsemint Hot infusion of leaf used to "bring out measles;" infusion used as febrifuge .. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Horsemint Infusion of leaf and top of plant taken for weak bowels and stomach. Cherokee Heart medicine. Horsemint Used for hysterics and for restful sleep; infusion used for heart trouble. Cherokee Hemostat. Horsemint Infusion of leaf or root taken orally and wiped on head for nosebleed. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Horsemint Infusion of leaf used to "bring out measles;" infusion, to "sweat off flu." Cherokee Sedative. Horsemint Used for hysterics and for restful sleep; infusion used for heart trouble. Cheyenne Ceremonial medicine. MONARDA MENTHOEFOLIA Bitter perfume Plant used in ceremonies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chippewa Analgesic. Bergamot, wild Chewed leaves placed in nostrils for headaches. Chippewa Anthelmintic. MONARDA MOLLIS Horsemint Decoction of root and blossoms taken for worms. Chippewa Burn dressing. MONARDA MOLLIS Horsemint Poultice of moistened dry flowers and leaves applied to scalds and burns. Chippewa Cold remedy. Bergamot, wild Plant tops used for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chippewa Dermatological aid. MONARDA MOLLIS Horsemint Infusion of flower & leaf as a wash for "eruptions," especially for children. Choctaw Analgesic. Bergamot, wild Plant rubbed on child's chest to relieve the pain. Choctaw Cathartic. Bergamot, wild Infusion of leaves taken as a cathartic. . . . . . .

296

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Genera

(68:64) (68:64) (35:39) (35:39) (35:39) (35:39) (35:39) (35:39) (35:39) (35:39) (35:39) (35:39) (35:39) (35:39) (35:39) (35:39) (35:39) (35:39) (35:39) (35:39) (35:39) (35:39) (35:39) (35:39) (35:39) (35:39) (33:186) (31:140) (21:346) (21:354) (31:140) (21:350) (79:54) (79:54)

Monarda

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera -Monarda fistulosa Lamiaceae Choctaw Pediatric aid. Bergamot, wild Plant rubbed on child's chest to relieve the pain. . . . . . . . . Dakota Analgesic. Bergamot, wild Decoction of flowers and leaves taken to cure abdominal pains. Dakota Analgesic. Horsemint Infusion of flowers and leaves taken for abdominal pains. Dakota Gast-intestinal aid. Bergamot, wild Decoction of leaves and flowers taken to cure abdominal pains. Dakota Gast-intestinal aid. Horsemint Infusion of flowers and leaves taken for abdominal pains. Fox Cold remedy. Bergamot, wild Compound used as a cure for colds. Koasati Other. Bergamot, wild Decoction of leaves used as a bath for chills. Menominee Pediatric aid. Bergamot, wild Decoction of stem and leaves used as strengthening bath for infants. Menominee Respiratory aid. Bergamot, wild Simple/compound infusion of leaves & flowers as universal remedy for catarrh. Navaho Analgesic. Bergamot, wild Cold infusion of plant used as a wash for headaches. . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. MONARDA MENTHAEFOLIA Beebalm Cold infusion taken and used as lotion for gunshot or arrow wounds. Ojibwa Respiratory aid. Bergamot, wild Plant boiled; steam inhaled "to cure catarrh and Dronchial affections." S Ojibwa Analgesic. Bergamot, wild Decoction of root taken for "pain in the stomach and intestines." S Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. Bergamot, wild Decoction of root taken for "pain in the stomach and intestines." Teton Sioux Cold remedy. Horsemint Infusion of blossoms used for "hard cold." Teton Sioux Febrifuge. Horsemint Infusion of blossoms used to reduce fever. Tewa Analgesic. MONARDA MENTHAEFOLIA Horsemint Pulverized plant rubbed on the head to cure headache. Tewa Eye medicine. MONARDA MENTHAEFOLIA Horsemint Plant used in unspecified manner to treat sore eyes. Tewa Febrifuge. MONARDA MENTHAEFOLIA Horsemint Dried plant or leaves rubbed over body & infusion taken as a cure for fever. Tewa Throat aid. MONARDA MENTHAEFOLIA Horsemint Dried leaves worn around neck and decoction taken for sore throat. . ... Winnebago Dermatological aid. Bergamot, wild Decoction of leaves used on pimples and other skin eruptions on the face. Monama pectinata Lamiaceae Kiowa Dermatological aid. Monarda, lemon Infusion of flowers used as a wash for insect bites and stings. Navaho Analgesic. Horsemint Plant used for headaches. Navaho-Kayenta Gast-intestinal aid. Plant used for stomach disease. Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Beebalm Cold infusion taken and used as poultice for headache and influenza. Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Beebalm Plant used in a ceremonial lotion. . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Cough medicine. Beebalm Cold infusion taken and used as poultice for cough. Navaho-Ramah Febrifuge. Beebalm Cold infusion taken and used as poultice for fever. Navaho-Ramah Misc disease remedy. Beebalm Cold infusion taken and used as poultice for headache and influenza. Monarda punctata Lamiaceae Delaware-Okl Febrifuge. Horsemint Infusion of whole plant taken and as a wash for the face to reduce fever. Fox Analgesic. Horsemint Compound containing leaves snuffed up nostrils to relieve sick headache. Compound containing leaves used for cramps in the stomach. Fox Cold remedy. Horsemint Compound used as a snuff for head colds and catarrh. Fox Gast-intestinal aid. Horsemint Compound containing leaves used for stomach cramps.

Genera

(79:54) (30:111) (29:363) (30:111) (29:363) (62:225) (79:54) (22:133) (61:39) (23:73) (84:41) (63:372) (39:201) (39:201) (20:270) (20:270) · (54:57,58) · (54:57,58) · (54:57,58) · (54:57,58) · . (30:111) (85:49) (38:153) (91:41) (84:41) (84:41) (84:41) (84:41) (84:41) .. (77:29,76) (62:225,226) (62:225,226) (62:225,226) (62:225,226)

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297

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Monarda

Table 1: Genera - Monama punctata Lamiaceae

Fox Respiratory aid. Horsemint (62:225,226) Compound used as a snuff for catarrh; also, used for headcold. . . . . . . . . . Fox Stimulant. Horsemint (62:225,226) Compound applied at nostrils of patient to rally him when at point of death. Mohegan Febrifuge. Horsemint (78:73,130) Infusion of leaves used to reduce fever. Nanticoke Cold remedy. Horsemint . (77:55,84) Infusion of whole plant taken for colds. Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. (84:42) Cold infusion taken and used as poultice for headache. Navaho-Ramah Cough medicine. (84:42) Cold infusion taken and used as poultice for cough. Navaho-Ramah Febrifuge. (84:42) Cold infusion taken and used as poultice for fever. Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. Horsemint (52:231) Decoction of plants taken for stomach or bowel troubles. Ojibwa Laxative. Horsemint (52:231) Decoction of plants taken for sick stomach, bowels or for constipation. Ojibwa Other. Horsemint (52:240) Plant used as a rubbing medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Monarda sp. Lamiaceae Blackfeet Eye medicine. MONARDA SCABRA Mint, horse (45:275) Infusion of blossoms used as an eyewash to allay inflammation. Creek Antirheumatic - Ext. Horsemint (75:657) Compound decoction of plant taken and used as a wash for rheumatism. Creek Antirheumatic - Int. Horsemint (75:657) Compound decoction of plant taken and used as a wash for rheumatism. Creek Dermatological aid. Horsemint (75:657) Compound decoction of plant taken & used as a wash for dropsy & swollen legs. Creek Diaphoretic. Horsemint (79:54) Decoction of entire plant used to promote perspiration. (75:657) Infusion of entire plant taken to induce perspiration. Creek Ear medicine. Horsemint (75:657) Compound decoction of plant taken & as wash to prevent deafness from ghosts. Creek Kidney aid. Horsemint (75:657) Compound decoction of plant taken and as a wash for dropsy and swollen legs. (79:54) Infusion of plant used as a bath and taken for dropsy. Creek Psychological ::tid. Horsemint (75:657) Compound decoction of plant administered to delirious person. (79:54) Decoction of plant used for delirium. Creek Sedative. Horsemint (79:54) Decoction of plant used for delirium. Creek Witchcraft medicine. Horsemint (75:657) Compound decoction of plant taken and used as a wash to protect from ghosts. Flatheads Gynecological aid. MONARDA SCABRA Horsemint . (3:16) Infusion of leaves used by women after confinement. . . . . . . . . Iroquois Analgesic. (37:426) Infusion of roots given to children for headaches and constipation. Iroquois Emetic. (37:425) Infusion of plants taken to "soften the brain" or as an emetic. Iroquois Febrifuge. (37:426) Compound decoction of leaves & roots taken for recurring chills from fevers. (37:426) Decoction of roots taken for fevers and sickness caused by dead people. Iroquois Laxative. (37:426) Infusion of roots given to children for headaches and constipation. Iroquois Misc disease remedy. (37:426) Compound decoction of roots given to children with "summer complaint." Iroquois Other. (37:426) Plant used in "Little Water Medicine." No preparation indicated. . . . . . Iroquois Pediatric aid. (37:426) Compound decoction of roots given to children with "summer complaint." (37:426) Infusion of roots given to children for headaches and constipation. Iroquois Stimulant. (37:426) Infusion of plants taken for general lassitude. . . . . Sioux Gynecological aid. MONARDA SCABRA Horsemint . (3:16) Infusion of leaves used by women after confinement. Monardella lanceolata Lamiaceae Luisenos Unspecified. Infusion of plant used for medicinal purposes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (65:229)

298

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Genera

Monardella

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Monardella odoratissima Lamiaceae Karok Diaphoretic. Plant used as a sweat medicine and as a love medicine by women. Karok Love medicine. Plant used as a sweat medicine and as a love medicine by women. Paiute Analgesic. Western balm Decoction of plant taken for indigestion, gas pain, or minor digestive t.pset. Paiute Cold remedy. Western balm Decoction of plant taken for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Paiute Eye medicine. Western balm Decoction of branches used as an eyewash for soreness or inflammation. Paiute Gast-intestinal aid. Western balm Decoction of plant taken for indigestion, gas pain, or minor digestive upset. Sanpoil Cold remedy. MONARDELLA ADORATISSIMA Mint, coyote Decoction of stems and leaves taken for severe colds in adults or children. Sanpoil Pediatric aid. MONARDELLA ADORATISSIMA Mint, coyote Decoction of stems and leaves taken for severe colds in adults or children. Shoshone Analgesic. Western balm Decoction of plant taken for indigestion, gas pain, or minor digestive upset. Shoshone Blood medicine. Western balm Decoction of branches taken as a blood tonic. Shoshone Cathartic. Western balm Decoction of branches taken as a physic. Shoshone Cold remedy. Western balm Decoction of plant taken for colds. Shoshone Gast-intestinal aid. Western balm Decoction of plant taken for indigestion, gas pain, or minor digestive upset. Shoshone Tonic. Western balm Decoction of branches taken as a general tonic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washoe Analgesic. Western balm Decoction of plant taken for indigestion, gas pg,in, or minor digestive upset. Washoe Cold remedy. Western balm Decoction of plant taken for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Washoe Gast-intestinal aid. Western balm Decoction of plant taken for indigestion, gas pain, or minor digestive upset. Monardella villosa Lamiaceae Costanoan Blood medicine. Poultice of plant applied to back cuts to draw out "bad blood" for pneumonia. Costanoan Pulmonary aid. Poultice of plant applied to back cuts to draw out "bad blood" for pneumonia. Costanoan Respiratory aid. Decoction of plant and plant salve used for respiratory conditions. Mahuna Gast-intestinal aid. Plant used for the relief of stomachaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . Mendocino Ind Blood medicine. MONARDELLA SHELTONII Infusion of dried leaves taken for colic or to purify the blood. Mendocino Ind Gast-intestinal aid. MONARDELLA SHELTON II Infusion of dried leaves taken for colic or to purify the blood. Moneses uniftora Pyrolaceae Alaskan Eskimo Cold remedy. MONESUS UNIFLORA Wax plant Infusion of dried plants used for coughs and colds. Alaskan Eskimo Cough medicine. MONESUS UNIFLORA Wax plant Infusion of dried plants used for coughs and colds. . . . . . . . Kwakiutl Analgesic. Pyrola, one flowered Poultice of chewed or pounded plant applied to swellings and pains. Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. MONSESES UNIFLORA Poultice of chewed plant applied to swellings to draw blisters. Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Pyrola, one flowered Plant used to draw blisters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Poultice of chewed or pounded plant applied to swellings and pains. Montagnais Other. MONENSIS UNIFLORA Infusion of plant used as a medicine for paralysis. . . . . . . . . . . . Monolepis nuttalliana Chenopodiaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Patata Plant used as ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Patata Poultice of moist leaves applied to skin abrasions. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Patata Plant used as ceremonial emetic. . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Hunting medicine. Patata Pinch of dried plant eaten by hunters to prevent "buck fever."

Genera

(58:389) (58:389) (81:105,106) (81:105,106) (81:105,106) (81:105,106) (51:218) (51:218) (81:105,106) (81:105,106) (81:105,106) (81:105,106) (81:105,106) (81:105,106) (81:105,106) (81:105,106) (81:105,106) (5:16) (5:16) (5:16) (55:8) (16:384) (16:384) (59:331) (59:331) (82:283) (4:382) (82:283) (82:283) (66:314) (84:25) (84:25) (84:25) (84:25)

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299

Monotropa

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Monotropa hypopithys Pyrolaceae

Kwakiutl Love medicine. HYPOPITES MONOTROPA Pinesap Plant used in a love potion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (82:283) Monotropa uniftora Pyrolaceae Cherokee Anticonvulsive. Indian pipe Pulverized root given to children for fitsj also, for epilepsy & convulsions. . (35:40) Cherokee Dermatological aid. Indian pipe Crushed plant rubbed on bunions or warts. (35:40) Cherokee Eye medicine. Indian pipe Juice and water used to wash sore eyes. (35:40) Cherokee Pediatric aid. Indian pipe Pulverized root given to children for fitsj also, for epilepsy & convulsions. . (35:40) Mohegan Analgesic. Indian pipe Infusion of root or leaves taken to relieve pain due to colds. (78:73,130) Mohegan Cold remedy. Indian pipe Infusion of root or leaves taken to relieve pain due to colds. (78:73,130) Mohegan Febrifuge. Indian pipe Leaves used to treat colds and fever. (78:130) Potawatomi Gynecological aid. Indian pipe Infusion of root taken for female troubles. (64:57) Mantia perfoliata Portulacaceae Mahuna Dietary aid. Lettuce Plant juice used as an appetite restorer. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (55:62) Mantia sibirica Portulacaceae Cowlitz Dermatological aid. CLAYTONIA SIBIRICA Spring beauty Cold infusion of stems used as a hair wash. . . . . . . . . . . . (34:29) Quileute Dermatological aid. CLAYTONIA SIBIRICA Spring beauty Cold infusion of stems used as a hair wash for dandruff. (34:29) Quileute Eye medicine. CLAYTONIA SIBIRICA Spring beauty Juice from stems used as a wash for eyes. . . . . . . . . (34:29) Quileute Urinary aid. CLAYTONIA SIBIRICA Spring beauty Infusion of plants taken as an urinative. . . . . . . . . . . (34:29) Quinault Gynecological aid. CLAYTONIA SIBIRICA Spring beauty Whole plant chewed by women during pregnancy. . (34:29) Skagit Throat aid. CLAYTONIA SIBIRICA Spring beauty Infusion of plants taken for sore throats. . . . . (34:29) Skagit Tonic. CLAYTONIA SIBIRICA Spring beauty Infusion of plants taken as a general tonic. (34:29) Skokomish Dermatological aid. CLAYTONIA SIBIRICA Spring beauty Cold infusion of stems used as a hair wash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (34:29) Snohomish Dermatological aid. CLAYTONIA SIBIRICA Spring beauty Cold infusion of stems used as a hair wash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (34:29) Morus alba Moraceae Cherokee Anthelmintic. Mulberry, white Infusion of bark taken as a laxativej also, taken for worms. . . . . . . . (35:45) Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Mulberry, white Infusion of bark taken to "check dysenteryj" also, used as a purgative. (35:45) Cherokee Cathartic. Mulberry, white Infusion of bark taken to "check dysenteryj" also, used as a purgative. (35:45) Cherokee Laxative. Mulberry, white Infusion of bark taken as a laxativej also, taken for worms. . . . . . . . (35:45) MoTUS rubra Moraceae Alabama Urinary aid. Mulberry, red Decoction of roots taken for passing yellow urine. . . . . . . (79:19) Cherokee Anthelmintic. Mulberry, red Infusion of bark taken as a laxativej also, taken for worms. (35:45) Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Mulberry, red Infusion of bark taken to "check dysenteryj" also, used as a purgative. (35:45) Cherokee Cathartic. Mulberry, red Infusion of bark taken to "check dysenterYj" also, used as a purgative. (35:45) Cherokee Laxative. Mulberry, red Infusion of bark taken as a laxativej also, taken for worms. (35:45) Creek Emetic. Mulberry Roots used as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (75:659) Creek Stimulant. Mulberry Infusion of root taken for weakness and urinary problems. . (75:659) Creek Urinary aid. Mulberry Infusion of root taken for weakness and urinary problems. . (75:659) Delaware-Okl Cathartic. MORUS NIGRA Mulberry Decoction of bark taken as an emetic or cathartic. . (77:25,76)

300

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Genera

Morus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

rubra Moraceae Delaware-Okl Emetic. MORUS NIGRA Mulberry Decoction of bark taken as an emetic or cathartic. . . . . . . . (77:25,76) Delaware-Okl Gast-intestinal aid. MORUS NIGRA Mulberry Decoction of bark taken "to remove bile from the intestines." (77:25) Delaware-Okl Liver aid. MORUS NIGRA Mulberry Decoction of bark taken "to remove bile from the intestines." (77:25) Fox Panacea. Mulberry, red Root bark used as a medicine for any sickness. (62:251) Rappahannock Dermatological aid. Mulberry Tree sap rubbed on skin for ringworm. (69:30) Muhlenbergia dubia Poaceae Navaho Veterinary aid. Compound poultice with roots applied to make sheep's blood cake. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (38:153) Myosotis sp. Boraginaceae Iroquois Veterinary aid. Forget me not Compound decoction of plants mixed with feed to aid cows with birthing. . . . . . . . . . . (37:421) MyosuTUB aristatus Ranunculaceae Navaho-Ramah Other. Mousetail Plant used as "life medicine." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:27) Navaho-Ramah Witchcraft medicine. Mousetail Cold infusion of plant taken to protect from witches. (84:27) MyosuTUB cupulatus Ranunculaceae Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Mousetail Cold infusion used internally or externally for ant bites. . . . . . . . . . . . (84:27) Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Mousetail Cold infusion of plant taken and as lotion for effects of swallowing an ant. (84:27) MyosuTUB minimus Ranunculaceae Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Cold infusion taken or poultice of chewed plant applied to ant bite. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:27) Myrica cerifera Myricaceae Choctaw Febrifuge. Myrtle, wax Decoction of leaves and stems taken for fevers. . . . . . . . . . . (79:13) Choctaw Febrifuge. . (8:23) Decoction of leaves and sterns taken "during attacks of fever." Choctaw Throat aid. Myrtle, wax Decoction of roots used as a gargle for inflamed tonsils. (79:13) Houma Anthelmintic. Myrtle, wax Decoction of leaves taken as a vermifuge. . . . . . . . . (68:56) Koasati Gast-intestinal aid. Myrtle, wax Decoction of roots given to children with stomachaches. (79:13) Koasati Pediatric aid. Myrtle, wax Decoction of roots given to children with stomachaches. (79:13) Micmac Analgesic. Bayberry Roots used to treat headaches; also, used to treat inflammations. (15:58) Micmac Dermatological aid. Bayberry Roots used to treat headaches; also, used to treat inflammations. (15:58) Micmac Stimulant. Bayberry Berries, bark, and leaves used as an exhilarant; also, used for a beverage. (15:58) Myrica gale Myricaceae Bella Coola Diuretic. Gale, sweet (60:55) Decoction of pounded branches taken as a diuretic; also, taken for gonorrhea. Bella Cool a Venereal aid. Gale, sweet (60:55) Decoction of pounded branches taken for gonorrhea; also, taken as a diuretic. Myrica sp. Myricaceae Creek Emetic. Sweet bay Compound decoction of leaves taken after a burial as an emetic before eating. . . . (75:664) Delaware-Okl Blood medicine. Bayberry Bark used as a blood purifier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (77:29,76) Delaware-Okl Gynecological aid. Bayberry Compound containing root taken for "female generative organs." (77:29,76) Delaware-Okl Kidney aid. Bayberry Bark used for "kidney trouble." . . . . . . . (77:29,76) Mohegan Kidney aid. Bayberry Infusion of bark taken for kidney disorders. (78:74,130) Myriophyllum sp. Haloragaceae Menominee Unspecified. Water milfoil, spiked Some plants of this class used in medicines; preparation & uses unspecified. . . . . . . . .. (61:37) Myriophyllum verticillatum Haloragaceae Iroquois Other. Water milfoil Compound infusion of plants used as a "snowsnake medicine." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:391) MOTUS

Genera

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301

Myriophyllum

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Myriophyllum verticillatum Haloragaceae Iroquois Pediatric aid. Water milfoil Decoction of plant given to children when they lie very quiet & never move. (37:391) Iroquois Stimulant. Water milfoil Decoction of plant given to children when they lie very quiet & never move. (37:391) Nama hispidum Hydrophyllaceae Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Plant used as a lotion for spider or tarantula bites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (91:39) Napaea dioica Malvaceae Fox Dermatological aid. Mallow, glade Poultice of root applied to keep old sores soft; boiled root for swellings. (62:232) Fox Gynecological aid. Mallow, glade Root used to ease childbirth and as a remedy for female troubles. (62:232) Fox Hemorrhoid remedy. Mallow, glade Roots used as a special remedy for piles. ............... (62:232) Fox Hunting medicine. Mallow, glade Root used as a hunting charm; also, used as a remedy for female troubles. (62:232) Nasturtium officinale Brassicaceae Costanoan Febrifuge. Cold infusion of plants taken for fevers. . . . . . . . (5:10) Costanoan Kidney aid. Decoction of plant used as a kidney or liver remedy. (5:10) Costanoan Liver aid. Decoction of plant used as a kidney or liver remedy. (5:10) Mahuna Liver aid. RORIPPA NASTURTIUM Water cress, American Plant used for torpid liver, cirrhosis of the liver and gallstones. (55:65) Navarretia atractyloides Polemoniaceae Costanoan Burn dressing. Toasted, powdered plant or plant ash applied to burns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (5:13) Nemopanthus mucronata Aquifoliaceae Ojibwa Unspecified. Holly, mountain Berries used medicinally for unspecified purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (63:355) Potawatomi Panacea. Holly, mountain Compound decoction boiled down to syrup and used for many kinds of diseases. (64:39) Potawatomi Tonic. Holly, mountain Decoction of small branches reduced to syrup, taken as a tonic. . . . . . . . . . . (64:39) Nepeta cataria Lamiaceae Cherokee Abortifacient. Catnip Infusion for female obstructions, hysterics, worms, spasms, and colic. (35:28) Cherokee Anthelmintic. Catnip Infusion for female obstructions, hysterics, worms, spasms, and colic. (35:28) Cherokee Anticonvulsive. Catnip Infusion for female obstructions, hysterics, worms, spasms, and colic. (35:28) Cherokee Cold remedy. Catnip "Syrup" with honey for coughs and colds; also, infusion for babies' colds. (35:28) Cherokee Cough medicine. Catnip "Syrup" with honey for coughs and colds; also, infusion for babies' colds. (35:28) Cherokee Dermatological aid. Catnip Infusion taken for hives; also, leaf used as poultice for boils & swellings. (35:28) Cherokee Febrifuge. Catnip Infusion taken for fevers; also, leaf used as poultice for boils. (35:28) Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Catnip Infusion for colic, and infusion of leaves for stomach. (35:28) Cherokee Pediatric aid. Catnip "Syrup" with honey for coughs and colds; also, infusion for babies' colds. (35:28) Cherokee Sedative. Catnip Infusion for female obstructions, hysterics, worms, spasms, and colic. (35:28) Cherokee Stimulant. Catnip Infusion of leaf used as stimulant and as tonic. (35:28) Cherokee Tonic. Catnip Infusion of leaf used as stimulant and as tonic. (35:28) Chippewa Febrifuge. Catnip Simple or compound decoction of leaves taken to reduce fever. (21:354) Delaware-Okl Pediatric aid. Catnip Leaves used with peach pits to make a tonic for children. . (77:31,82) Delaware-Okl Tonic. Catnip Leaves prepared with peach pit given as a pediatric tonic. . (77:31,76) Delaware-Ont Pediatric aid. Catnip Infusion of leaves given to soothe infants. (77:67) Delaware-Ont Sedative. Catnip Infusion of leaves given to soothe infants. (77:67)

302

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Genera

Nepeta

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Nepeta cataria Lamiaceae Iroquois Analgesic. Catnip Cold infusion of plants taken for headaches, fever and "summer complaint." Decoction of plant tips given to children when peevish or with headaches. Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Catnip Compound decoction of stems given to children with diarrhea. . . . . . . . Plant used as laxative and astringent for diarrhea. No preparation indicated. Iroquois Antiemetic. Catnip Infusion of plants taken for vomiting from fever or unknown cause. Iroquois Cold remedy. Catnip Infusion of stems taken for coughs, colds, sore throats and chills. Iroquois Cough medicine. Catnip Infusion of stems taken for coughs, colds, sore throats and chills. Iroquois Febrifuge. Catnip Cold infusion of plants taken or applied to forehead for fevers and chills. Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Catnip Infusion of plant given to children for stomachaches due to colds. Infusion of plants taken for trouble caused by eating rich foods. Iroquois Laxative. Catnip Plant used as laxative and astringent for diarrhea. No preparation indicated. Iroquois Misc disease remedy. Catnip Cold infusion of plants taken for headaches, fever and "summer complaint." Iroquois Other. Catnip Plant used as laxative and astringent for diarrhea. No preparation indicated. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Catnip Compound decoction of stems given to children with diarrhea. . . . . . . . Decoction of plant tips given to children when peevish or with headaches. Infusion of plant given to children for stomachaches due to colds. Infusion of plant tips given to babies who are restless and can't sleep. Plant used for fevers in babies. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Sedative. Catnip Decoction of plant tips given to children when peevish or with headaches. Iroquois Throat aid. Catnip Infusion of stems taken for coughs, colds, sore throats and chills. Menominee Diaphoretic. Catnip Decoction of whole plant, except root, taken to produce perspiration. Menominee Pulmonary aid. Catnip Compound infusion taken, and poultice applied to chest for pneumonia. Menominee Sedative. Catnip Decoction of whole plant, except root, taken to produce restful sleep. Mohegan Gast-intestinal aid. Catnip Infusion of leaves taken for the stomach; also, given for infant's colic. Infusion of plant given to babies for colic. Mohegan Pediatric aid. Catnip Infusion given to babies for colic. Infusion of leaves given to infants to cure colic. Ojibwa Blood medicine. Catnip Infusion of leaves taken as a blood purifier. Ojibwa Other. Catnip Infusion of leaves used to bathe a patient to raise the body temperature. Rappahannock Analgesic. Catnip Infusion of leaves given to babies for pains and rheumatism. Rappahannock Antirheumatic - Int. Catnip Infusion of leaves given to babies for pains and rheumatism. Rappahannock Pediatric aid. Catnip Infusion of leaves given to babies for pains, rheumatism and measles. Weak infusion of plant given as a tonic to children. Rappahannock Tonic. Catnip Weak infusion of plant given as a tonic to children. Shinnecock Antirheumatic - Int. Catnip Dried leaves smoked in a pipe for rheumatism. Nicotiana attenuata Solanaceae Apache Ceremonial medicine. Tobacco, wild Plant smoked in the medicine ceremonies. . . . . . . Hopi Ceremonial medicine. Tobacco, wild Plant smoked in pipes for ceremonial purposes only. Hopi Ceremonial medicine. Plant smoked for all ceremonial occasions. Hopi Other. Tobacco, wild Plant smoked in pipes for ceremonial purposes only.

Genera

(37:423) (37:423) (37:422) (37:423) (37:423) (37:423) (37:423) (37:423) (37:423) (37:423) (37:423) (37:423) (37:423) (37:422) (37:423) (37:423) (37:423) (37:423) (37:423) (37:423) (22:132) (61:39) (22:132) (78:74,130) (76:266) (76:266) (78:74,130) (63:372) (63:372) (69:25) (69:25) (69:25) (69:25) (69:25) (11:119) (53:158) (88:90) (24:19) (88:90)

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303

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Nicotiana

Table 1: Genera - Nicotiana attenuata Solanaceae Navaho-Kayenta Hemostat. Plant used for nosebleed. Navaho-Kayenta Narcotic. Plant used as a narcotic. Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Tobacco Leaves smoked in corn husks for headache and cough. Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Tobacco Plant smoked in corn husks for ceremonial purposes. Navaho-Ramah Cough medicine. Tobacco Leaves smoked in corn husks for headache and cough. Navaho-Ramah Other. Tobacco Plant used as substitute for commercial tobacco. Navaho-Ramah Veterinary aid. Tobacco Plant used to heal castration cuts on a young race horse. Paiute Anthelmintic. Tobacco, Indian Decoction of leaves taken sparingly to expel worms. Paiute Antirheumatic - Ext. Tobacco, Indian Crushed seeds used as a liniment for rheumatic swellings. Poultice of crushed leaves applied to swellings, especially from rheumatism. Paiute Cathartic. Tobacco, Indian Weak decoction of leaves taken as a physic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Cold remedy. Tobacco, Indian Dried leaves smoked alone or in a compound to cure colds and asthma. Paiute Dermatological aid. Tobacco, Indian Decoction of leaves as a healing wash for hives or other skin irritations. Poultice of chewed leaves applied to cuts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Poultice of crushed leaf applied or crushed seed as a liniment for swellings .. Poultice of crushed leaves applied to eczema or other skin infections. Pulverized dust of plant sprinkled on sores. . Paiute Emetic. Tobacco, Indian Weak decoction of leaves taken as an emetic. Paiute Kidney aid. Tobacco, Indian Decoction of leaves used as a wash for "dropsical conditions." Paiute Respiratory aid. Tobacco, Indian Compound containing dried leaves smoked for asthma and tuberculosis. Paiute Snake bite remedy. Tobacco, Indian Poultice of chewed leaves bound on snake bite after removing poison. . . Paiute Tuberculosis remedy. Tobacco, Indian Compound containing dried leaves smoked for asthma and tuberculosis. Salishan Dermatological aid. Plant used as a head wash for dandruff. . . . . . . . Shoshone Anthelmintic. Tobacco, Indian Decoction of leaves taken sparingly to expel worms. Shoshone Antirheumatic - Ext. Tobacco, Indian Poultice of crushed leaves applied to swellings, especially from rheumatism. Shoshone Cathartic. Tobacco, Indian Weak decoction of leaves taken as a physic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Dermatological aid. Tobacco, Indian Decoction of leaves as a healing wash for hives or other skin irritations. Poultice of chewed leaves applied to cuts. . . . . . . Poultice of crushed leaf applied to reduce swellings. Shoshone Emetic. Tobacco, Indian Weak decoction of leaves taken as an emetic. . . . . Shoshone Toothache remedy. Tobacco, Indian Poultice of crushed leaves applied to gum for toothache. Shoshone Tuberculosis remedy. Tobacco, Indian Compound of dried leaves smoked for tuberculosis. Shuswap Urinary aid. Tobacco, wild Plant used for the bladder. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tewa Ceremonial medicine. Tobacco Dried leaves and other plant parts smoked ceremonially. Tewa Cough medicine. Tobacco Poultice of leaves mixed with oil & soot applied to neck & chest for cough. Tewa Gynecological aid. Tobacco Snuff containing leaves used by women in labor. Tewa Nose medicine. Tobacco Snuff of leaves used to cure "a discharge from the nose." Tewa Other. Tobacco Dried leaves and other plant parts smoked in pipes and cigarettes.

304

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Genera

(91:41) (91:41) (84:43) (84:43) (84:43) (84:43) (84:43) (81:106,107) (81:106,107) (81:106,107) (81:106,107) (81 :106,107) (81:106,107) (81:106,107) (81:106,107) (81:106,107) (81:106,107) (81:106,107) (81:106,107) (81:106,107) (81:106,107) (81:106,107) . .. (80:294) (81:106,107) (81:106,107) (81:106,107) (81:106,107) (81:106,107) (81:106,107) (81:106,107) (81:106,107) (81:106,107) (47:69) (54:103,106) (54:106) (54:106) (54:103,106) (54:103,106)

Nicotiana

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera -Nicotiana attenuata Solanaceae

Tewa Toothache remedy. Tobacco Leaves placed on or in a tooth to treat toothache. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Tobacco Decoction of plant used as a wash to remove dandruff & prevent falling hair. Thompson Ind Other. Tobacco Dried, toasted leaves considered the most important source of tobacco. Zuni Snake bite remedy. Tobacco Smoke blown over body for throbbing from rattlesnake bite. . . . . . . Nicotiana bigelovii Solanaceae Costanoan Cathartic. Leaves smoked as a general purgative in social and ritual contexts. Costanoan Ceremonial medicine. Leaves smoked as a general purgative in social and ritual contexts. Costanoan Ear medicine. Plant smoke blown into the ear for earaches. Costanoan Emetic. Fresh leaves chewed as an emetic. . . . . . . . Kawaiisu Analgesic. Tobacco, wild Chewed plant put in the nostril for headaches. Poultice of plant applied to the chest for internal pains. Kawaiisu Dermatological aid. Tobacco, wild Poultice of plant applied to bites to stop the itching. Poultice of plant applied to cuts to stop the bleeding. Kawaiisu Ear medicine. Tobacco, wild Chewed plant put in the ear for earaches. . . . . . . . Kawaiisu Emetic. Tobacco, wild Plant eaten causes vomiting and cleans out the stomach. Plant induced vomiting and used as a soporific. Kawaiisu Gast-intestinal aid. Tobacco, wild Plant eaten causes vomiting and cleans out the stomach. Kawaiisu Gynecological aid. Tobacco, wild Poultice of plant applied to woman's stomach during parturition. Kawaiisu Hallucinogen. Tobacco, wild Plant eaten to cause dreams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kawaiisu Hemostat. Tobacco, wild Poultice of plant applied to cuts to stop the bleeding. Kawaiisu Other. Tobacco, wild Plant used for infanticide and suicide. Kawaiisu Poison. Tobacco, wild Plant is poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . Kawaiisu Psychological aid. Tobacco, wild Plant blown in the air prevents bad dreams. Kawaiisu Respiratory aid. Tobacco, wild Plant used as snuff for stuffy noses. . . . . . Kawaiisu Sedative. Tobacco, wild Plant induced vomiting and used as a soporific. Kawaiisu Stimulant. Tobacco, wild Plant used for fatigue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kawaiisu Toothache remedy. Tobacco, wild Plant held between the teeth for toothaches. Nicotiana glauca Solanaceae Mahuna Antirheumatic - Ext. Tobacco Infusion of leaves used as a steam bath for rheumatism. Mahuna Throat aid. Tobacco Poultice of leaves applied to inflammed throat glands. Mahuna Tuberculosis remedy. Tobacco Poultice of leaves applied for scrofula. . . . . . . . . . Nicotiana quadrivalvis Solanaceae Montana Ind. Other. Tobacco, wild Used in compound for smoking; delicate tobacco from flower was never chewed. Nicotiana rustica Solanaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Tobacco, wild Chewed plant used for headaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Used for cramps and sharp pains; also, dizziness and fainting. Cherokee Anthelmintic. Tobacco, wild Used as an expectorant and an antihelminthic; also, taken for dropsy & colic. Cherokee Anticonvulsive. Tobacco, wild Used as a diuretic, an emetic, a cathartic, an antispasmodic, & a sudorific. Cherokee Cathartic. Tobacco, wild Used as a diuretic, an emetic, a cathartic, an antispasmodic, & a sudorific.

Genera

... (54:106) (71:467,468) (71:495) (72:54) (5:14) (5:14) (5:14) (5:14) (92:43) (92:43) (92:43) (92:43) (92:43) (92:43) (92:43) (92:43) (92:43) (92:43) (92:43) (92:43) (92:43) (92:43) (92:43) (92:43) (92:43) (92:43) (55:60) (55:60) (55:60) . . . . . . . (3:16) (79:56) (35:59) (35:59) (35:59) (35:59)

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305

Nicotiana

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Nicotiana rustica Solanaceae Cherokee Ceremonial medicine. Tobacco, wild Used extensively in rituals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Dermatological aid. Tobacco, wild Poultice of beaten plant used for boils; also, applied to insect bites. Cherokee Diaphoretic. Tobacco, wild Used as a diuretic, an emetic, a cathartic, an antispasmodic, & a sudorific. Cherokee Diuretic. Tobacco, wild Used as a diuretic, an emetic, a cathartic, an antispasmodic, & a sudorific. Cherokee Emetic. Tobacco, wild Used as a diuretic, an emetic, a cathartic, an antispasmodic, & a sudorific. Cherokee Expectorant. Tobacco, wild Used as an expectorant and an antihelminthic; also, taken for dropsy & colic. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Tobacco, wild Used as an expectorant and an antihelminthic; also, taken for dropsy & colic. Cherokee Kidney aid. Tobacco, wild Used as an expectorant and an antihelminthic; also, taken for dropsy & colic. Cherokee Mise disease remedy. Tobacco, wild Decoction of leaf for ague; used for "locked-jaw" & "black-yellow disease." Cherokee Other. Tobacco, wild Compound used for apoplexy; also, for dizziness and fainting. . . . . . . . Decoction of leaves rubbed in scratches made on the patient for apoplexy. Cherokee Snake bite remedy. Tobacco, wild Juice applied to snake bite; also, smoke blown on toothache. Cherokee Stimulant. Tobacco, wild Used for cramps and sharp pains; also, dizziness and fainting. Cherokee Toothache remedy. Tobacco, wild Juice applied to snake bite; also, smoke blown on toothache. Iroquois Antidote. Tobacco, Indian Compound decoction of plants used as wash to counteract poison. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Tobacco, Indian Poultice of chewed plant applied to all insect bites. . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Psychological aid. Tobacco, Indian Decoction of plants taken to cure insanity caused by masturbation. Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Tobacco, Indian Plant used for consumption. No preparation or application indicated. Nicotiana sp. Solanaceae Cheyenne Dermatological aid. NICOTINA SP. Tobacco Poultice of wet leaves applied to sores. Dakota Other. NICOTIANA QUADRIVALVIS t Tobacco Plant cultivated and used for smoking. " . . .. Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Tobacco Poultice of chewed leaves applied or compound rubbed on sores and swellings. Poultice of leaves applied to sores, lumps and cuts. Kwakiutl Herbal steam. Tobacco Leaves used in steambaths. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho Dermatological aid. Tobacco, wild Plant used for sores caused by the handling or burning a raven's nest. Omaha Other. NICOTIANA QUADRIVALVIS t Tobacco Plant cultivated and used for smoking. . . . . . . Pawnee Other. NICOTIANA QUADRIVALVIS t Tobacco Plant cultivated and used for smoking. . . . . . . Ponca Other. NICOTIANA QUADRIVALVIS t Tobacco Plant cultivated and used for smoking. . . . . . . W. Eskimo Veterinary aid. Tobacco Leaves considered to be "a good cure for a dog in a weakened condition." Winnebago Other. NICOTIANA QUADRIVALVIS t Tobacco Plant cultivated and used for smoking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nicotiana tabacum Solanaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Tobacco Used for cramps and sharp pains; also, dizziness and fainting. . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Anthelmintic. Tobacco Used as an expectorant and an antihelminthic; also, taken for dropsy & colic. Cherokee Anticonvulsive. Tobacco Used as a diuretic, an emetic, a cathartic, an antispasmodic, & a sudorific. Cherokee Cathartic. Tobacco Used as a diuretic, an emetic, a cathartic, an antispasmodic, & a sudorific. Cherokee Ceremonial medicine. Tobacco Used extensively in rituals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Dermatological aid. Tobacco Poultice of beaten plant used for boils; also, applied to insect bites.

306

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Genera

(35:59) (35:59) (35:59) (35:59) (35:59) (35:59) (35:59) (35:59) (35:59) (35:59) (79:56) (35:59) (35:59) (35:59) (37:430) (37:430) (37:430) (37:430) . ..

(36:39)

(30:113,114) (82:266) (82:292) (82:292) (23:74) (30:113,114) (30:113,114) (30:113,114) . ..

(46:32)

(30:113,114) (35:59) (35:59) (35:59) (35:59) (35:59) (35:59)

Nicotiana

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Nicotiana tabacum Solanaceae Cherokee Diaphoretic. Tobacco Used as a diuretic, an emetic, a cathartic, an antispasmodic, & a sudorific. (35:59) Cherokee Diuretic. Tobacco Used as a diuretic, an emetic, a cathartic, an antispasmodic, & a sudorific. (35:59) Cherokee Emetic. Tobacco Used as a diuretic, an emetic, a cathartic, an antispasmodic, & a sudorific. (35:59) Cherokee Expectorant. Tobacco Used as an expectorant and an antihelminthic; also, taken for dropsy & colic. (35:59) Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Tobacco Used as an expectorant and an antihelminthic; also, taken for dropsy & colic. (35:59) Cherokee Kidney aid. Tobacco (35:59) Used as an expectorant and an antihelminthic; also, taken for dropsy & colic. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Tobacco Decoction of leaf for ague; used for "locked-jaw" & "black-yellow disease." (35:59) Cherokee Other. Tobacco Compound used for apoplexy; also, for dizziness and fainting. (35:59) Cherokee Snake bite remedy. Tobacco Juice applied to snake bite; also, smoke blown on toothache. (35:59) Cherokee Stimulant. Tobacco Used for cramps and sharp pains; also, dizziness and fainting. (35:59) Cherokee Toothache remedy. Tobacco Juice applied to snake bite; also, smoke blown on toothache. (35:59) Micmac Ear medicine. NICOTIANA TOBACUM Tobacco Leaves used to stop bleeding; also, used to relieve earache. (15:58) Micmac Hemostat. NICOTIANA TOBACUM Tobacco Leaves used to stop bleeding; also, used to relieve earache. (15:58) Mohegan Ear medicine. Tobacco Smoke blown into the ear to stop an earache. (11:120) Montauk Toothache remedy. Tobacco Tobacco placed in tooth to cure a toothache. (11:120) Rappahannock Ear medicine. Tobacco (11:120) Smoke blown into the ear to stop an earache. Rappahannock Toothache remedy. Tobacco Tobacco placed in tooth to cure a toothache. (11:120) Shinnecock Ear medicine. Tobacco Smoke blown into the ear to stop an earache. (11:120) Shinnecock Toothache remedy. Tobacco (11:120) Tobacco placed in tooth to cure a toothache. Nicotiana trigonophylla Solanaceae Hopi Ceremonial medicine. Tobacco, wild Plant smoked in pipes for ceremonial purposes only. (88:90) Hopi Other. Tobacco, wild (88:90) Plant smoked in pipes for ceremonial purposes only. Notholaena sp. Polypodiaceae Tewa Dermatological aid. NOTHOLAENA FENDLERI Fern, cloak Pulverized plant applied to lips as a remedy for cold sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (54:67,68) Nuphar advena Nymphaeaceae Menominee Dermatological aid. NYMPHAEA ADVENA Water lily, yellow . (61:42,43) Poultice of dried, powdered root applied to heal cuts and swellings. Micmac Dermatological aid. (66:317) Poultice of bruised root with flour or meal applied to swellings and bruises. Micmac Orthopedic aid. NYMPHAEA ADVENA COW lily (15:58) Leaves used to treat swelling of the limbs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ojibwa Dermatological aid. NYMPHAEA ADVENA Water lily, yellow (63:376) Poultice of grated root applied to sores; powdered root for cuts & swellings. Penobscot Dermatological aid. NYMPHAEA ADVENA COW lily (66:310) Poultice of mashed leaves applied to swollen limbs. . . . . . . . . . . Potawatomi Dermatological aid. NYMPHAEA ADVENA Pond lily, yellow (64:65) Poultice of pounded root applied for "many inflammatory diseases." Rappahannock Dermatological aid. NYMPHAEA ADVENA COW collard (69:32) Parched & bruised leaf poultice to remove fever and inflammation from sores. (69:32) Warmed leaves applied to boils. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rappahannock Febrifuge. NYMPHAEA ADVENA COW collard Parched & bruised leaf poultice to remove fever and inflammation from sores. (69:32) Sioux Hemostat. Water lily, yellow . (3:17) Dry, porous rhizomes ground fine and applied to wounds as a styptic. Thompson Ind Analgesic. NYMPHAEA ADVENA Spatterdock (71:460) Cold decoction of stems or roots taken for internal pains. Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. NYMPHAEA ADVENA Spatterdock (71:460) Poultice of fresh or dried leaves applied to wounds, cuts, or sores.

Genera

•

307

Nuphar

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Nuphar polysepalum Nymphaeaceae Bella Coola Analgesic. NYMPHAEA POLYSEPALA t Pond lily, yellow Decoction of root taken for pain in any part of the body. Bella Coola Blood medicine. NYMPHAEA POLYSEPALA t Pond lily, yellow Decoction of root considered "good for the blood." . . . . . . . . . . . Gitksan Antihemorrhagic. NYMPHAEA POLYSEPALA t Pond lily, yellow Infusion of scrapings of toasted root taken for hemorrage of the lungs. Kwakiutl Analgesic. Pond lily, yellow Poultice of heated leaves applied or rhizome extract taken for chest pains. Kwakiutl Orthopedic aid. Pond lily, yellow Rhizomes used as a medicine for internal swellings or sickness in the bones. Kwakiutl Respiratory aid. Pond lily, yellow Rhizome extract taken for asthma and chest pains. . . . . . Quinault Analgesic. NYMPHOZANTHUS POLYSEPALUS Water lily Poultice of heated roots applied for pain and rheumatism. Quinault Antirheumatic - Ext. NYMPHOZANTHUS POLYSEPALUS Water lily Poultice of heated roots applied for pain and rheumatism. Shuswap Analgesic. Pond lily, yellow Infusion of mashed roots applied for rheumatism or sore back pain. Shuswap Antirheumatic - Ext. Pond lily, yellow Infusion of mashed roots applied for rheumatism or sore back pain. Shuswap Dermatological aid. Pond lily, yellow Infusion of mashed roots taken for sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shuswap Orthopedic aid. Pond lily, yellow Infusion of mashed roots applied for rheumatism or sore back pain. Nuphar sp. Nymphaeaceae Iroquois Analgesic. Pond lily, yellow Compound roots used for "pains in the chest which make you hold your breath." Nuphar ooriegatum Nymphaeaceae Iroquois Analgesic. NUPHAR LUTEUM Pond lily, yellow Compound decoction taken for swollen lungs and pain between shoulder blades. Iroquois Anticonvulsive. NUPHAR LUTEUM Pond lily, yellow Compound decoction with plant taken by men with epilepsy. Iroquois Blood medicine. NUPHAR LUTEUM Pond lily, yellow Compound infusion of dried roots taken for blood disease. Iroquois Febrifuge. NUPHAR LUTEUM Pond lily, yellow Compound decoction with roots taken for recurring chills followed by fever. Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. NUPHAR LUTEUM Pond lily, yellow Poultice of roots or decoction taken and used as wash for swollen abdomen. Iroquois Heart medicine. NUPHAR LUTEUM Pond lily, yellow Infusion of dried, grated plant taken for heart trouble. . . . . Iroquois Misc disease remedy. NUPHAR LUTEUM Pond lily, yellow Infusion of roots taken to dry up smallpox. . . . . Iroquois Other. NUPHAR LUTEUM Pond lily, yellow Cold infusion of roots used as a "ghost medicine." Iroquois Pulmonary aid. NUPHAR LUTEUM Pond lily, yellow Compound decoction taken for swollen lungs and pain between shoulder blades. Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. NUPHAR LUTEUM Pond lily, yellow "Hung up inside to keep witches away;" used as an anti-witch remedy. . . . . . . Compound used to "detect bewitchment." No preparation or application given. Poultice of roots applied to sore areas caused by witchcraft diseases. . . . . . . . Nymphaea odorata Nymphaeaceae Chippewa Oral aid. CASTALIA ODORATA Water lily, white Dried, pulverized root put in the mouth to treat sores. Micmac Cold remedy. Water lily Leaves used to treat colds; also, used to treat grippe. Micmac Cough medicine. Juice of root taken for coughs. . . . . . . . . Micmac Dermatological aid. Poultice of boiled root applied to swellings. Micmac Misc disease remedy. Water lily Leaves used to treat colds; also, used to treat grippe. Micmac Orthopedic aid. Water lily Leaves used to treat swelling of the limbs; also, used to treat colds. Micmac Other. Water lily Roots used to treat suppurating glands; also, leaves used to treat colds. Ojibwa Cough medicine. CASTALIA ODORATA Water lily, sweet white Root used as a cough medicine for tuberculosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ojibwa Tuberculosis remedy. CASTALIA ODORATA Water lily, sweet white Root used as a cough medicine for tuberculosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

308

•

Genera

(60:56) (60:56) (60:56) · (82:287) · (82:287) (82:287) (34:29) (34:29) (47:64) (47:64) (47:64) (47:64)

......

(37:320) (37:319) (37:319) (37:319) (37:319) (37:318) (37:319) (37:318) (37:319) (37:319)

(37:319) (37:319) · (37:319) (21:342) (15:58) (66:317) (66:317) (15:58) (15:58) (15:58) (63:376) (63:376)

Nymphaea

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Nymphaea odorata Nymphaeaceae

Penobscot Dermatological aid. CASTALIA ODORATA Water lily Compound poultice of mashed leaves applied to swellings of the limbs. Potawatomi Unspecified. CASTALIA ODORATA Water lily, sweet scented Poultice of pounded root used for unspecified ailments. . . . . . . . . . Nymphaea polysepala Nymphaeaceae Bella Coola Antirheumatic - Int. Pond lily, yellow Decoction of root taken for pain of rheumatism. Bella Coola Heart medicine. Pond lily, yellow Decoction of root taken for pain of heart disease. Bella Coola Tuberculosis remedy. Pond lily, yellow Decoction of root taken for pain of consumption. Bella Coola Venereal aid. Pond lily, yellow Decoction of root taken for pain of gonorrhea. Gitksan Gynecological aid. Pond lily, yellow Infusion of toasted root or decoction of heart of root used as contraceptive. Gitksan Pulmonary aid. Pond lily, yellow Decoction of root taken for lung hemorrhage. ................. . Nyssa sp. Nyssaceae Creek Tuberculosis remedy. Gum, black Decoction of bark and chips taken and used as a wash for tuberculosis. . . . . . . . . . . . Nyssa sylvatica Nyssaceae Cherokee Anthelmintic. Black gum Compound given for worms; compound decoction given for diarrhea. Cherokee Anthelmintic. Gum, black Infusion of bark used as a bath and given to children with worms. Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Black gum Compound given for worms; compound decoction given for diarrhea. Cherokee Emetic. Black gum Inner bark used as part of "drink to vomit bile." . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Emetic. Gum, black Decoction of inner bark taken to cause vomiting when unable to retain food. Cherokee Eye medicine. Black gum . Strong ooze from root dripped into eyes. ..................... . Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Gum, black Decoction of inner bark taken to cause vomiting when unable to retain food. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Black gum Infusion given for childbirth; infusion of bark given for "flooding." Cherokee Other. Black gum Compound infusion of bark used for "bad disease". . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Pediatric aid. Gum, black Infusion of bark used as a bath and given to children with worms. Cherokee Urinary aid. Black gum Used as ingredient in drink for "milky urine." . . . . . . . . . . . . Creek Tuberculosis remedy. Gum, black Decoction of bark used as a bath and taken for pulmonary tuberculosis. Houma Anthelmintic. Gum, black Decoction of root or bark taken for worms. . . . . . . Koasati Dermatological aid. Gum, black Decoction of bark taken and applied to gun wounds. Obolaria virginica Gentianaceae Cherokee Cold remedy. Pennyworth Taken as a diaphoretic; also, taken for colds, coughs, and for colic. Cherokee Cough medicine. Pennyworth Taken as a diaphoretic; also, taken for colds, coughs, and for colic. Cherokee Diaphoretic. Pennyworth Taken as a diaphoretic; also, taken for colds, coughs, and for colic. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Pennyworth Taken as a diaphoretic; also, taken for colds, coughs, and for colic. Choctaw Dermatological aid. Pennywort Decoction of root used as bath or poultice of root applied to cuts & bruises. Choctaw Dermatological aid. Simple/compound decoction of root as wash or dressing for cuts and bruises. Oenanthe sarmentosa Apiaceae Kwakiutl Emetic. Parsley, water Seeds and roots used as an emetic. Makah Laxative. Parsley, water Pounded roots used as a laxative. Oenothera albicaulis Onagraceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Evening primrose Dried flowers used as ceremonial medicine.

Genera

•

(66:310) (64:65) (60:56) (60:56) (60:56) (60:56) (60:56) (60:56) (75:659) (35:26) (79:47) (35:26) (35:26) (79:47) (35:26) (79:47) (35:26) (35:26) (79:47) (35:26) (79:47) (68:55) (79:47) (35:48) (35:48) (35:48) (35:48) (79:51) . (8:23) (82:277) (34:42) (84:37)

309

Oenothera

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Oerwthera albicaulis Onagraceae Navaho-Ramah Orthopedic aid. Evening primrose Decoction of root taken and as lotion for strain from carrying heavy load. (84:37) Navaho-Ramah Other. Evening primrose Decoction of root taken and as lotion for muscle strain; a "life medicine." (84:37) Navaho-Ramah Throat aid. Evening primrose Compound poultice of plant applied for ''throat trouble." . . . . . . . . . . (84:37) Oerwthera biennis Onagraceae Cherokee Dietary aid. Evening primrose Infusion taken for "overfatness;" also, hot root poultice used for piles. (35:33) Cherokee Hemorrhoid remedy. Evening primrose Infusion taken for "overfatness;" also, hot root poultice used for piles. (35:33) Iroquois Dermatological aid. Evening primrose Compound used for boils or laziness. No preparation or application indicated. . (37:390) Iroquois Hemorrhoid remedy. Evening primrose Compound decoction of roots taken and used as a wash for piles. . . . . . . . . (37:390) Iroquois Stimulant. Evening primrose Compound used for boils or laziness. No preparation or application indicated. . (37:390) Iroquois Strengthener. Evening primrose Chewed roots rubbed on arms and muscles to provide athletes great strength. (37:390) Ojibwa Dermatological aid. Evening primrose Poultice of soaked whole plant applied to bruises. . . . . . . . . (63:376) Potawatomi Unspecified. Evening primrose, common Tiny seeds used as a valuable medicine for unspecified ailment. . (64:66,67) Oerwthera brachycarpa Onagraceae Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Plant used as a lotion for sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (91:33) Oerwthera caespitosa Onagraceae Blackfeet Dermatological aid. P ACHYLOBUS CAESPITOSUS Tufted primrose Poultice of pounded root applied to sores & swellings to allay inflammation. (45:274) Gosiute Unspecified. Evening primrose Root used as medicine. . . . . . . (14:375) Navaho-Kayenta Ceremonial medicine. Plant used in various ceremonies. (91:33) Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Plant used as dusting powder for chafing. (91:33) Navaho-Kayenta Gynecological aid. Poultice of ground plant applied for prolapsis of the uterus. (91:33) Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Poultice of plant or root used only for large swellings; a "life medicine." (84:37) Navaho-Ramah Other. Poultice of plant or root used only for large swellings; a "life medicine." (84:37) Oerwthera cororwpifolia Onagraceae Navaho-Ramah Adjuvant. Dried leaves added to wild tobacco to improve flavor. (84:37) Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Cold infusion of leaves taken for stomachache. (84:37) Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Poultice of plant or root used only for large swellings; a "life medicine." (84:37) Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Cold infusion of leaves taken for stomachache. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:37) Navaho-Ramah Other. Poultice of plant or root used only for large swellings; a "life medicine." (84:37) Oerwthera fiava Onagraceae Navaho-Ramah Burn dressing. Ashes of seed pods applied to burns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:38) Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Poultice of plant or root used only for large swellings; a "life medicine." (84:38) Navaho-Ramah Other. Poultice of root used for swellings and internal injuries; a "life medicine." . (84:38) Navaho-Ramah Throat aid. Poultice of compound containing whole plant used for "throat trouble." (84:38) Oerwthera hartwegii Onagraceae Navaho-Ramah Other. Plant used as "life medicine," especially for internal bleeding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:38) Oenothera hooken Onagraceae Navaho-Kayenta Ceremonial medicine. Plant used as a Plumeway emetic. (91:33) Navaho-Kayenta Cold remedy. Plant used for colds. . . . . . . . . (91:33)

310

•

Genera

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Oenothera

Table 1: Genera -Oenothem hookeri Onagraceae Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Poultice of plant applied to sores. (91:33) Navaho-Kayenta Emetic. Plant used as a Plumeway emetic. (91:33) Navaho-Kayenta Mise disease remedy. (91:33) Hot poultice of plant applied for mumps. Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Poultice of root used only for large swellings; a "life medicine." (84:37) Navaho-Ramah Other. (84:37) Poultice of root used only for large swellings; a "life medicine." Oenothem multijuga Onagraceae Navaho-Kayenta Other. (91:33) Infusion of plant used for injuries by water or hail or dreaming of it. Navaho-Kayenta Psychological aid. (91:33) Infusion of plant used for injuries by water or hail or dreaming of it. Oenothera pallida Onagraceae Navaho-Kayenta Ceremonial medicine. (91:34) Plant used as a Beadway emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. (91:34) Plant used as dusting powder for venereal disease sores. (91:34) Poultice of plant applied to spider bites. Navaho-Kayenta Emetic. (91:34) Plant used as a Beadway emetic. Navaho-Kayenta Kidney aid. (91:34) Infusion of plant used for kidney disease. Navaho-Kayenta Venereal aid. (91:34) Plant used as dusting powder for venereal disease sores. Navaho-Kayenta Veterinary aid. (91:34) Plant used for colic in livestock. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oenothem perennis Onagraceae Iroquois Other. Sundrops, smaller Decoction of plants taken for paralysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:390) Oenothem primiveris Onagraceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Fresh or dried flowers used as ceremonial lotion and medicine. (84:38) Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. (84:38) Poultice of plant applied to swellings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oenothem procem Onagraceae Navaho-Ramah Disinfectant. (84:38) Cold infusion of dried root taken for "deer infection." (84:38) Cold infusion of dried root used for "deer infection." Navaho-Ramah Hunting medicine. (84:38) Dried leaves and tobacco smoked for good luck in hunting. Oenothem runcinata Onagraceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. (84:38) Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. (84:38) Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Snake bite remedy. (84:38) Decoction of root and leaves used as a lotion for snake bites. Navaho-Ramah Throat aid. (84:38) Soaked plant rubbed on throat and infusion taken for sore throat. Oenothem sp. Onagraceae Navaho Dermatological aid. OENOTHERA TANACETIFOLIA Evening primrose, tansy leaf (23:67) Plant rubbed on as a liniment for boils. . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho Dermatological aid. Evening primrose (23:66) Compound infusion of plants used as a wash for sore skin. Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. OENOTHERA CTENOPHYLLA (84:37,38) Dried flowers used as ceremonial medicine. Navaho-Ramah Other. OENOTHERA CTENOPHYLLA Root used as "life medicine." . . . . . . . . . (84:37,38) Oenothem triloba Onagraceae Zuni Antirheumatic - Ext. LAVAUXIA TRILOBA Evening primrose Ingredient in "schumaakwe cakes," used externally for rheumatism & swelling. (72:55) Zuni Dermatological aid. LAVAUXIA TRILOBA Evening primrose Ingredient in "schumaakwe cakes," used externally for rheumatism & swelling. (72:55) Onoclea sensibilis Polypodiaceae Iroquois Antirheumatic - Int. Fern, sensitive Used for arthritis and infection. No preparation indicated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:256)

Genera

•

311

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Onoclea

Table 1: Genera - Onoclea sensibilia Polypodiaceae Iroquois Blood medicine. Fern, sensitive Compound decoction of roots taken for "cold in blood." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Decoction as a hair wash & taken for blood which causes the hair to fallout . . Fermented compound decoction taken before meals and bed to "make blood." Iroquois Dermatological aid. Fern, sensitive Poultice of top part of plant for deep cuts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Fern, sensitive Intestinal ails after catching cold, inflated & sore. No preparation given. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Fern, sensitive Decoction of roots taken for fertility in women and taken for the blood. Decoction of roots taken to give strength after childbirth. . . . . . . . . . Decoction taken to start menses and for swellings, cramps, & sore abdomen. Infusion of root taken to remove pain after childbirth. . . . . . ... Infusion of whole plant or roots applied to full, non-flowing breasts. . . . . . Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Fern, sensitive Compound decoction of roots taken during the early stages of consumption. Iroquois Venereal aid. Fern, sensitive Cold compound infusion of plant washed on sores and taken for gonorrhea. Compound decoction used for venereal disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ojibwa Gynecological aid. Fern, sensitive Decoction of powdered dried root for milk flow in patients with caked breast. Onopord:um acanthium Asteraceae Iroquois Emetic. Thistle, Scotch Decoction used for witchcraft poison and as an emetic to counter witchcraft. Iroquois Poison. Thistle, Scotch Decoction used for witchcraft poison and as an emetic to counter witchcraft. Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Thistle, Scotch Decoction used for witchcraft poison and as an emetic to counter witchcraft. Onosmodium occidentale Boraginaceae Cheyenne Dermatological aid. Smashed leaves and stems rubbed on numb skin. Cheyenne Orthopedic aid. Smashed leaves and stems rubbed on back for lumbago. Onosmodium sp. Boraginaceae Hopi Anticonvulsive. ONOSMODIUM THURBERI Dried plant smoked with mullein to cure "fits," craziness, and witchcraft. Hopi Psychological aid. ONOSMODIUM THURBERI Compound of plant smoked as a cure for persons not in their "right mind." Hopi Witchcraft medicine. ONOSMODIUM THURBERI Compound of plant smoked as a cure for persons with "power to charm." Oplopanax horridus Araliaceae Bella Coola Antirheumatic - Int. FATSIA HORRIDA Devil's club Decoction of root bark and stems taken to cure rheumatism. . . . . . . . . . . Bella Coola Cathartic. FATSIA HORRIDA Devil's club Root bark chewed as purgative; also, decoction of root bark and stems taken. Cheyenne Analgesic. FATSIA HORRIDA Devil's walking stick Root mixed with tobacco and smoked for headache. Cowlitz Antirheumatic - Ext. Devil's club Infusion of bark used as wash for rheumatism. Cowlitz Cold remedy. Devil's club Infusion of bark taken for colds. Cowlitz Poison. Devil's club Plant is poisonous. . . . . . . . . Crow Analgesic. FATSIA HORRIDA Devil's walking stick Root mixed with tobacco and smoked for headache. Gitksan Antihemorrhagic. FATSIA HORRIDA Devil's club Poultice of compound containing bark as chest plaster for lung hemorrhage. Gitksan Antirheumatic - Ext. FATSIA HORRIDA Devil's club Poultice of compound containing bark used for rheumatism. . . . . . . .. Gitksan Cathartic. FATSIA HORRIDA Devil's club Compound decoction taken as a diuretic and a purgative for "strangury." Gitksan Dermatological aid. FATSIA HORRIDA Devil's club Poultice of compound containing bark applied to boils and ulcers. . . . . . Gitksan Diuretic. FATSIA HORRIDA Devil's club Compound decoction taken as a diuretic and a purgative for "strangury." Gitksan Orthopedic aid. FATSIA HORRIDA Devil's club Decoction taken to aid the knitting of broken bones. Gitksan Other. FATSIA HORRIDA Devil's club Compound decoction taken continuously for rupture.

312

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Genera

(37:255) (37:255) (37:254) (37:256) (37:255) . (37:255) (37:255) (37:255) (37:254) (37:254) (37:256) (37:255) (37:254) (63:382) . (37:476) (37:476) (37:476) (33:185) (33:185) . (88:33,88) (88:88) (88:88) (60:62) (60:62) . (3:12) (34:41) (34:41) (34:41) . (3:12) (60:62) (60:62) (60:62) (60:62) (60:62) (60:62) (60:62)

Oplopanax

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Oplopanax horridus Araliaceae Gitksan Pulmonary aid. FATSIA HORRIDA Devil's club Poultice of compound containing bark as chest plaster for lung hemorrhage. Gitksan Venereal aid. FATSIA HORRIDA Devil's club Decoction taken as a purgative for treating gonorrhea. Green River Cold remedy. Devil's club Infusion of roots taken for colds. . . . . . . Green River Dermatological aid. Devil's club Dried bark used as a deodorant. . . . . . . Kwakiutl Analgesic. Devil's club Bark used in a steambath for a person with body pains. Root held in the mouth and juice swallowed for stomach pains or constipation. Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Devil's club Rotten stem ash and oil rubbed on swellings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kwakiutl Gast-intestinal aid. Devil's club Root held in the mouth and juice swallowed for stomach pains or constipation. Kwakiutl Herbal steam. Devil's club Bark used in a steambath for a person with body pains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kwakiutl Laxative. Devil's club Root held in the mouth and juice swallowed for stomach pains or constipation. Kwakiutl Other. Devil's club Stem used as a protective charm. Kwakiutl Poison. Devil's club Spines thought to be poisonous. . Kwakiutl Tuberculosis remedy. Devil's club Bark extract taken for tuberculosis. Kwakiutl Witchcraft medicine. Devil's club Plant used for its magical powers. . . . . Lummi Gynecological aid. Devil's club Poultice of bark applied to woman's breast to stop an excessive flow of milk .. Montana Ind. Ceremonial medicine. F ATSIA HORRIDA Devil's walking stick Used by medicine men in their incantations. . . . . . . . N Carrier Analgesic. FATSIA HORRIDA Devil's club Inner bark taken for cramps in the stomach and bowels. . . . . . . . . . N Carrier Cathartic. FATSIA HORRIDA Devil's club Inner bark acts as a purgative, especially if hot water is taken with it. N Carrier Gast-intestinal aid. FATSIA HORRIDA Devil's club Inside layer of inner bark taken for cramps in the stomach and bowels. Okanagan Blood medicine. FATSIA HORRIDA Devil's club Infusion of crushed stems taken as a tonic and blood purifier. Okanagan Dermatological aid. FATSIA HORRIDA Devil's club Burned stems and grease used as a salve rubbed on swollen parts. Okanagan Gast-intestinal aid. FATSIA HORRIDA Devil's club Infusion of crushed stems taken for stomach troubles and indigestion. Okanagan Tonic. FATSIA HORRIDA Devil's club Infusion of crushed stems taken as a tonic and blood purifier. S Carrier Cathartic. FATSIA HORRIDA Devil's club Decoction of bark taken as a purgative before and after childbirth. S Carrier Gynecological aid. FATSIA HORRIDA Devil's club Decoction of bark taken as a purgative before and after childbirth. Sanpoil Cold remedy. ECHINOPANAX HORRIDUM Devil's club Infusion of inner pith of stalk taken for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Skagit Gynecological aid. Devil's club Decoction of bark taken by women to start menstrual flow after childbirth. Skagit Tuberculosis remedy. Devil's club Decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Blood medicine. ECHINOPANAX HORRIDUM Devil's club Decoction of stems taken as a tonic and blood purifier. Thompson Ind Blood medicine. FATSIA HORRIDA Devil's club Infusion of crushed stems taken as a tonic and blood purifier. Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. ECHINOPANAX HORRIDUM Devil's club Stem ash with grease used as an ointment for swellings. . . . . . . Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. FATSIA HORRIDA Devil's club Burned stems and grease used as a salve rubbed on swollen parts. Thompson Ind Gast-intestinal aid. ECHINOPANAX HORRIDUM Devil's club Infusion of crushed stems taken for indigestion and stomach troubles. Thompson Ind Gast-intestinal aid. FATSIA HORRIDA Devil's club Infusion of crushed stems taken for stomach troubles and indigestion. Thompson Ind Laxative. ECHINOPANAX HORRIDUM Devil's club Decoction of stems taken as a laxative. ................. .

Genera

(60:62) (60:62) (34:41) (34:41) (82:278) (82:278) (82:278) (82:278) (82:278) (82:278) (82:278) (82:278) (82:278) (82:278) (34:41) . (3:12) (60:62) (60:62) (60:62) (48:40) (48:40) (48:40) (48:40) (60:62) (60:62) (51:220) (34:41) (34:41) (71:459) (48:40) (71:459) (48:40) (71:459) (48:40) (71:459)

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313

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Oplopanax

Table 1: Genera -Oplopanax horridus Araliaceae Thompson Ind Tonic. ECHINOPANAX HORRIDUM Devil's club Decoction of stems taken as a tonic and blood purifier. (71:459) Thompson Ind Tonic. FATSIA HORRIDA Devil's club Infusion of crushed stems taken as a tonic and blood purifier. (48:40) Tlingit Dermatological aid. PANAX HORRIDUM Devil's club (43:284) Compound containing ash of plant used to treat sores. Opuntia acanthocarpa Cactaceae Pima Gast-intestinal aid. Cholla . .. (17:58) Plant used for stomach troubles. Opuntia basilaris Cactaceae Shoshone Analgesic. Cactus, beavertail (81:107,108) Poultice of inner pulp applied to cuts and wounds to heal and reduce pain. Shoshone Dermatological aid. Cactus, beavertail (81:107,108) Fuzz-like spines rubbed into warts or moles to remove them. . . . . . . . . . (81:107,108) Poultice of inner pulp applied to cuts and wounds to heal and reduce pain. Opuntia engelmannii Cactaceae Pima Gynecological aid. Prickly pear Poultice of heated plant applied to breasts to encourage the flow of milk. . . . . . . . . . . (17:60) Opuntia fragilis Cactaceae Shuswap Dermatological aid. Cactus, prickly pear (47:60) Poultice of heated quills applied to cuts, sores, boils or swollen throats. Shuswap Throat aid. Cactus, prickly pear Poultice of heated quills applied to cuts, sores, boils or swollen throats. (47:60) Opuntia humifusa Cactaceae Dakota Dermatological aid. Prickly pear .. (30:104) Poultice of peeled stems bound on wounds. Nanticoke Dermatological aid. Prickly pear . (77:56,84) Juice of fruit rubbed on warts. . . . . . . . . Pawnee Dermatological aid. Prickly pear (30:104) Poultice of peeled stems bound on wounds. Opuntia phaeacantha Cactaceae Pima Gynecological aid. Prickly pear Poultice of heated plant applied to breasts to encourage the flow of milk. . . . . . . . . . . (17:60) Opuntia plumbea Cactaceae Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Prickly pear (84:37) Cactus spines formerly used to pierce ears and lance small skin abcesses. Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. Prickly pear Stem roasted, material used to lubricate midwife's hand for placenta removal. (84:37) Opuntia polyacantha Cactaceae Navaho Poison. Cactus, many spined (23:65) Plant used as a poison for hunting. Opuntia sp. Cactaceae Costanoan Antirheumatic - Ext. . (5:10) Poultice of warm fruit applied & warm fruit juice rubbed on for rheumatism. Kiowa Dermatological aid. Prickly pear (85:45) Thorns used to puncture the skin for boils. .. Kiowa Hemostat. Prickly pear Poultice of peeled stems applied as a hemostat. (85:45) Lummi Gynecological aid. Infusion of smashed plants taken to facilitate childbirth. (34:41) Mahuna Dermatological aid. Cactus pear, American (55:16) Leaves inserted into wound. Navaho Dermatological aid. Prickly pear (38:161) Plant used for boils. . . . . . . Opuntia whipplei Cactaceae Hopi Antidiarrheal. Cactus, cholla Root chewed or compound decoction taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (88:34,86) Orobanche fasciculata Orobanchaceae Blackfeet Dermatological aid. THALESIA FASCICULATA Cancer root, yellow (45:276) Chewed root blown onto wounds by medicine men. Navaho Dermatological aid. Cancer root Infusion of leaves used as wash for sores. . . . . . . (23:77) Navaho Dermatological aid. Poultice of plant applied to wounds and open sores. . (38:153) Navaho-Ramah Other. Broomrape Plant used as "life medicine." (84:45) Navaho-Ramah Pediatric aid. Broomrape Plant used to treat birth injuries. . .. (84:45) Zuni Hemorrhoid remedy. THALESIA FASCICULATA Cancer root Powdered plant inserted into rectum as a specific for hemorrhoids. (72:61)

314

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Genera

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Orobanche

Table 1: Genera - Orobanche ludoviciana Orobanchaceae

Pima Dermatological aid. Broomrape Poultice of stems applied to ulcerated sores. (17:49) Orobanche multiflora Oro banchaceae Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Powdered plant applied to gunshot wounds. (91:43) Orobanche sp. Orobanchaceae Navaho Other. Broomrape Plant used for infections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (38:153) Paiute Cold remedy. OROBANCHE CALIFORNICA Broomrape (81:108) Decoction of plant taken for colds, pneumonia, or pulmonary trouble. Paiute Pulmonary aid. OROBANCHE CALIFORNICA Broomrape (81:108) Decoction of plant taken for colds, pneumonia, or pulmonary trouble. Orthocarpus purpureo-albus Scrophulariaceae Navaho-Ramah Cathartic. Owl clover Decoction of whole plant taken as a cathartic. (84:44) Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Owl clover Compound decoction used as ceremonial medicine. (84:44) Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Owl clover Cold infusion of plant taken for heartburn. (84:44) Orthocarpus sp. Scrophulariaceae Costanoan Cough medicine. Decoction of foliage used for coughs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (5:15) Osmaronia cerasiformis Rosaceae Kwakiutl Analgesic. Plum, Indian Poultice of chewed, burned plant and oil applied to sore places. (82:289) Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Plum, Indian Poultice of chewed, burned plant and oil applied to sore places. (82:289) Osmorhiza brachypoda Apiaceae Kawaiisu Cold remedy. Cicely, sweet Decoction of roots taken for colds and coughs. (92:47) Kawaiisu Cough medicine. Cicely, sweet Decoction of roots taken for colds and coughs. (92:47) Kawaiisu Dermatological aid. Cicely, sweet Infusion of mashed plant used as a hair wash to kill fleas. (92:47) Kawaiisu Insecticide. Cicely, sweet Infusion of mashed plant used as a hair wash to kill fleas. (92:47) Osmorhiza chilensis Apiaceae Blackfeet Cold remedy. WASHINGTONIA DIVARICATA Cicely, western sweet Hot drink containing root taken for colds or tickling in throat. . . . . (45:276) Blackfeet Throat aid. WASHINGTONIA DIVARICATA Cicely, western sweet Hot drink containing root taken for colds or tickling in throat. . . . . (45:276) Blackfeet Veterinary aid. WASHINGTONIA DIVARICATA Cicely, western sweet Plant given to mares to put them in good foaling condition. (45:276) Cheyenne Adjuvant. Sweetroot Plant used as an ingredient in all medicines. (36:40) Cheyenne Cold remedy. Sweetroot Root chewed or infusion of leaves taken for colds. (36:40) Cheyenne Stimulant. Sweetroot Root chewed to "bring one around." . . . . . . (36:40) Karok Analgesic. OSMORRHIZA NUDA Cicely, sweet Root chewed for headaches. . . . . . . . . . . (58:386) Karok Other. OSMORRHIZA NUDA Cicely, sweet Roots placed under pillow prevents sickness. (58:386) Karok Panacea. OSMORRHIZA NUDA Cicely, sweet Roots used for any illness. . . . . . . . . . . . . (58:386) Karok Psychological aid. OSMORRHIZA NUDA Cicely, sweet Infusion of roots used as a bath for grieving person. (58:386) Kwakiutl Emetic. Cicely, sweet Seeds and roots used as an emetic. (82:277) Kwakiutl Poison. Cicely, sweet Plant "sure to kill" if eaten. (82:277) Osmorhiza claytoni Apiaceae Chippewa Dermatological aid. OSMORRHIZA CLAYTON] Cicely, sweet Poultice of moistened, pulverized root for ulcers, especially running sores. (21:354) Chippewa Throat aid. OSMORRHIZA CLAYTON] Cicely, sweet Decoction of root gargled or root chewed for sore throat. (21:342) Menominee Dietary aid. OSMORRHIZA CLAYTON] Cicely, woolly sweet Root eaten as a remedy "to enable one to put on flesh." . . . . . . (61:55) Menominee Eye medicine. OSMORRHIZA CLAYTON] Cicely, woolly sweet Decoction of root used as eyewash for sore eyes. . . . . . . . . . . . . (22:133)

Genera

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315

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Osmorhiza

Table 1: Genera -Osmorhiza claytoni Apiaceae Ojibwa Gynecological aid. Cicely, sweet Infusion of root used to ease parturition. Ojibwa Throat aid. Cicely, sweet Infusion of root taken for sore throat. Osmorhiza longistylis Apiaceae • Cheyenne Gast-intestinal aid. OSMORRHIZA LONGISTYLIS Infusion of leaves, stems and roots taken for bloated or disordered stomach. Cheyenne Kidney aid. OSMORRHIZA LONGISTYLIS Infusion of leaves, stems and roots taken by men for dysfunctioning kidneys. Chippewa Gynecological aid. Cicely, sweet Infusion of roots taken for amenorrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chippewa Veterinary aid. Cicely, sweet Decoction of roots used as nostril wash to increase dog's sense of scent. Fox Dietary aid. Cicely, smooth sweet Compound infusion of leaves taken "to regain flesh and strength." Fox Eye medicine. Cicely, smooth sweet Used as a "good medicine for everything;" chiefly an eye remedy. Fox Panacea. Cicely, smooth sweet Used as a "good medicine for everything;" chiefly an eye remedy. Fox· Veterinary aid. Cicely, smooth sweet Grated root mixed with salt for distemper in horses. Ojibwa Gynecological aid. Cicely, sweet Infusion of root used to ease parturition. Ojibwa Throat aid. Cicely, sweet Infusion of root taken for sore throat. Omaha Dermatological aid. WASHINGTONIA LONGISTYLIS Cicely, sweet Poultice of pounded root applied to boils. . . . . . . . . . . Pawnee Stimulant. WASHINGTONIA LONGISTYLIS Cicely, sweet Decoction of root taken for weakness and general debility. Potawatomi Eye medicine. Cicely, smoother sweet Root used to make an eye lotion. . . . . . . . . . . . Potawatomi Gast-intestinal aid. Cicely, smoother sweet Infusion of root used as a stomachic. . . . . . . . . . Winnebago Dermatological aid. WASHINGTONIA LONGISTYLIS Cicely, sweet Poultice of pounded root applied to wounds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Osmorhiza sp. Apiaceae Bella Coola Emetic. Cicely, sweet Infusion of ground root taken as an emetic; sometimes acted as a purgative. Bella Coola Pulmonary aid. Cicely, sweet Infusion of ground root used for pneumonia. Iroquois Analgesic. OSMORRHIZA SP. Cicely, sweet Infusion of roots taken for fevers and headaches. Iroquois Antidiarrheal. OSMORRHIZA SP. Cicely, sweet Infusion of plants taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Blood medicine. OSMORRHIZA SP. Cicely, sweet Complex compound decoction of powdered roots taken as blood purifier. Iroquois Cathartic. OSMORRHIZA SP. Cicely, sweet Infusion of roots taken as a tonic and as a physic. . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Febrifuge. OSMORRHIZA SP. Cicely, sweet Infusion of roots given to children or adults with intermittent fevers. Iroquois Hunting medicine. OSMORRHIZA SP. Cicely, sweet Infusion of roots used as a soak for muskrat traps; a "hunting medicine." Roots chewed and spit on bait; a "fishing medicine." . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Laxative. OSMORRHIZA SP. Cicely, sweet Compound decoction of roots taken for venereal disease or to loosen bowels. Iroquois Love medicine. OSMORRHIZA SP. Cicely, sweet Roots chewed for an anti-love medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Other. OSMORRHIZA SP. Cicely, sweet Decoction of roots and whole plant used as wash for seeds; a "seed medicine." . Iroquois Pediatric aid. OSMORRHIZA SP. Cicely, sweet Infusion of roots given to children with intermittent fevers. Iroquois Tonic. OSMORRHIZA SP. Cicely, sweet Infusion of roots taken as a tonic and as a physic. . . . . . . Iroquois Venereal aid. OSMORRHIZA SP. Cicely, sweet Compound decoction of roots or powdered roots taken for venereal disease. Paiute Analgesic. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Decoction of root taken for stomachaches and gas pains. Paiute Cathartic. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Decoction of root taken as a physic. . . . . . . . . . . . .

316

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Genera

(63:391) (63:391) (33:181) (33:181) (31:137) (31:137) (62:249) (62:249) (62:249) (62:249) (63:391) (63:391) (30:107) (30:107) (64:86) (64:86) (30:107) (60:61) (60:61) (37:397) (37:397) (37:397) (37:398) (37:397) (37:397) (37:397) (37:397) (37:397) (37:397) (37:397) (37:398) (37:397) (81:109,110) (81:109,110)

Osmorhiza

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Osmorhiza sp. Apiaceae Paiute Cold remedy. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Decoction of root taken for colds, pulmonary disorders, and pneumonia. Paiute Dermatological aid. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Decoction of root used as a wash for venereal sores and skin rashes. Hot decoction of root applied to kill head lice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Poultice of pulped roots applied to cuts, sores, swellings, and bruises. Paiute Disinfectant. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Decoction of root used as an antiseptic wash for venereal sores. Paiute Eye medicine. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Decoction of root used as an eyewash. . . . . . . . . Paiute Febrifuge. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Decoction of root taken to reduce a fever. . . . . . . Paiute Gast-intestinal aid. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Decoction of root taken for stomachaches, indigestion, or gas pains. Paiute Insecticide. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Decoction of root used as a dip to kill chicken lice. . . . . . . . Paiute Misc disease remedy. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Decoction of root taken for colds and influenza. Paiute Other. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Decoction of root taken for chills. . . . . . . . . . Paiute Pulmonary aid. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Decoction of root taken for colds, pulmonary disorders, and pneumonia. Paiute Snake bite remedy. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Poultice of pulped roots applied to snake bites. Paiute Throat aid. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Root chewed for sore throat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Venereal aid. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Decoction of root used as an antiseptic wash for venereal sores. Simple or compound decoction of root taken for venereal disease. Sanpoil Dermatological aid. Balsam root Poultice of inner portion of root applied to sores, wounds, boils or bruises. Sanpoil Unspecified. Balsam root Infusion taken instead of water "when a person was generally ill." . . . . . Sanpoil Veterinary aid. Balsam root Infusion of crushed root used as a wash for horse's sore back or scabby body. Shoshone Analgesic. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Decoction of root taken for stomachaches and gas pains. . . Fresh root inserted into nostrils to relieve headaches. . . . . Shoshone Antidiarrheal. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Decoction of root taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Cathartic. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Decoction of root taken as a physic. . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Cold remedy. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Simple/compound decoction of root taken or pulverized root smoked for colds. Shoshone Cough medicine. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Compound decoction of roots taken for coughs, "heavy colds," and fevers. Shoshone Dermatological aid. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Hot decoction of root applied to kill head lice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Poultice of pulped roots applied to cuts, sores, swellings,' and bruises. Shoshone Disinfectant. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Decoction of root used as an antiseptic wash for measles. Shoshone Eye medicine. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Decoction of root used as an eyewash. . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Febrifuge. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Simple or compound decoction of root taken to reduce a fever. Shoshone Gast-intestinal aid. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Decoction of root taken for stomachaches, indigestion, or gas pains. Shoshone Gynecological aid. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Decoction of root taken to regulate menstrual disorders. . . . . . . Shoshone Misc disease remedy. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Decoction of root taken for colds and influenza. . . . . . . . Decoction of root used as an antiseptic wash for measles. Shoshone Pulmonary aid. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Decoction of root for pulmonary disorders, pneumonia, and whooping cough. Shoshone Snake bite remedy. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Poultice of pulped roots applied to snake bites. Shoshone Throat aid. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Root chewed for sore throat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Tonic. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Decoction of root taken as a tonic to protect against illness.

Genera

(81:109,110) (81:109,110) (81:109,110) (81:109,110) (81:109,110) (81:109,110) (81:109,110) (81:109,110) (81:109,110) (81:109,110) (81:109,110) (81:109,110) (81:109,110) (81:109,110) (81:109,110) (81:109,110) (51:221) (51:221) (51:221) (81:109,110) (81:109,110) (81:109,110) (81:109,110) (81:109,110) (81:109,110) (81:109,110) (81:109,110) (81:109,110) (81:109,110) (81:109,110) (81:109,110) (81:109,110) (81:109,110) (81:109,110) (81:109,110) (81:109,110) (81:109,110) (81:109,110)

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317

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Osmorhiza

Table 1: Genera - Osmorhiza sp. Apiaceae Shoshone Toothache remedy. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Poultice of raw root applied for toothaches. . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Venereal aid. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Infusion or decoction of root taken for venereal disease. Tlingit Cough medicine. OSMORHYZA BREVISTYLA Cicely, sweet Warm infusion of whole plant taken for coughs. Washoe Analgesic. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Decoction of root taken for stomachaches and gas pains. Washoe Cathartic. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Decoction of root taken as a physic. . . . . . . . . . . . . Washoe Cold remedy. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Decoction of root taken for colds, pulmonary disorders, and pneumonia. Washoe Gast-intestinal aid. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Decoction of root taken for stomachaches, indigestion, or gas pains. Washoe Misc disease remedy. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Decoction of root taken for colds and influenza. . . . . . . . . . . . . Washoe Pulmonary aid. OSMORHIZA OCCIDENTALIS Sweetroot Decoction of root taken for colds, pulmonary disorders, and pneumonia. Osmunda cinnamomea Osmundaceae Cherokee Antirheumatic - Ext. Fern, cinnamon Compound decoction of root applied with warm hands for rheumatism. Decoction of roots rubbed on area affected by rheumatism. . . . . . . . Cherokee Febrifuge. Fern, cinnamon Compound decoction used for chills; cooked fronds eaten as "spring tonic." Cherokee Snake bite remedy. Fern, cinnamon Root chewed, a portion swallowed, and remainder applied to the wound. Cherokee Tonic. Fern, cinnamon Compound decoction used for chills; cooked fronds eaten as "spring tonic." Iroquois Analgesic. Fern, cinnamon Decoction taken for colds, headache, malaise, rheumatism, and pain in joints. Iroquois Antirheumatic - Ext. Fern, cinnamon Decoction taken for colds, headache, malaise, rheumatism, and pain in joints. Iroquois Cold remedy. Fern, cinnamon Decoction taken for colds, headache, malaise, rheumatism, and pain in joints. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Fern, cinnamon Roots used for "woman's troubles." No preparation indicated. . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Fern, cinnamon Decoction taken for colds, headache, malaise, rheumatism, and pain in joints. Iroquois Panacea. Fern, cinnamon Decoction taken for colds, headache, malaise, rheumatism, and pain in joints. Iroquois Venereal aid. Fern, cinnamon Cold compound infusion used as a wash for affected parts, decoction taken. Iroquois Veterinary aid. Fern, cinnamon Compound chopped and added to cows food for difficult birth of a calf. Osmunda claytoniana Osmundaceae Iroquois Blood medicine. Fern, interrupted Cold compound decoction taken for weak blood. Iroquois Venereal aid. Fern, interrupted Compound decoction taken for gonorrhea. Osmunda regalis Osmundaceae Iroquois Blood medicine. Fern, gray royal Decoction taken by women for watery blood, cold in kidneys, & strong menses. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Fern, gray royal Decoction taken by women for watery blood, cold in kidneys, & strong menses. Decoction used when "girls leak rotten; affected women can't raise children." . Iroquois Kidney aid. Fern, gray royal Decoction taken by women for watery blood, cold in kidneys, & strong menses. Menominee Unspecified. Fern, flowering Roots used medicinally; preparation and use not specified. . . . . . . . . . . . . Ostrya virginiana Cory laceae Cherokee Blood medicine. Hop hornbeam, eastern Infusion of bark held in mouth for toothache; also, taken to build up blood. Cherokee Orthopedic aid. Hop hornbeam, eastern Decoction of bark used to bathe sore muscles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Toothache remedy. Hop hornbeam, eastern Infusion of bark held in mouth for toothache; also, taken to build up blood. Chippewa Antihemorrhagic. Ironwood Compound infusion of heart wood taken for hemorrhages from the lungs. Chippewa Antirheumatic - Ext. Ironwood Compound decoction of heart wood used as herbal steam for rheumatism.

318

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Genera

(81:109,110) (81:109,110) ... (43:283) (81:109,110) (81:109,110) (81:109,110) (81:109,110) (81:109,110) (81:109,110) (35:8) (79:4) (35:33) (35:33) (35:33) (37:261) (37:261) (37:261) (37:261) (37:261) (37:261) (37:261) (37:261) (37:260) (37:260) (37:260) (37:260) (37:260) (37:260) (61:44) (35:39) (35:39) (35:39) (21:340) (21:362)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Ostrya

Table 1: Genera - Ostrya virginiana Cory laceae Chippewa Cough medicine. Hop hornbeam Compound liquid made from wood taken as a cough syrup. Chippewa Kidney aid. Hop hornbeam Decoction of wood taken for kidney trouble. . . . . . . . . . Chippewa Pulmonary aid. Ironwood Compound infusion of inner wood taken for lung hemorrhage. Delaware-Ont Gynecological aid. Hop hornbeam Compound containing root used as a tonic and for "female weakness." Delaware-Ont Tonic. Hop hornbeam Compound containing root used as a tonic and for "female weakness." Iroquois Cancer treatment. Pine, scrub Decoction of bark used for cancer of rectum. No application indicated. Iroquois Cough medicine. Pine, scrub Decoction of heart chips taken for catarrh coughs. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Pine, scrub Infusion used for swellings. No application indicated. Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Pine, scrub Compound decoction of bark taken for consumption. Potawatomi Antidiarrheal. Hop hornbeam Infusion of bark used to cure flux. . . . . . . . . . . . . Potawatomi Antihemorrhagic. Hop hornbeam Compound decoction of heart wood chips taken to stop hemorrhage. Oxalis amplifolia Oxalidaceae Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Wood sorrel Decoction of bulb used for pain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Wood sorrel Poultice of bulbs, alone or in compound, applied to sores. Oxalis corniculata Oxalidaceae Cherokee Anthelmintic. Wood sorrel, yellow Infusion taken orally and used as wash to remove hookworms in children. Cherokee Antiemetic. Wood sorrel, yellow Cold infusion of leaf taken to stop vomitingj also, infusion taken for blood. Cherokee Blood medicine. Wood sorrel, yellow Cold infusion of leaf taken to stop vomitingj also, infusion taken for blood. Cherokee Cancer treatment. Wood sorrel, yellow Used for cancer "when it is first startedj" also, chewed for sore throat. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Wood sorrel, yellow Salve of infusion of leaf mixed with sheep grease used for sores. Cherokee Oral aid. Wood sorrel, yellow Leaves chewed for "disordered saliva" and sore mouth. . . . . . Cherokee Pediatric aid. Wood sorrel, yellow Infusion taken orally and used as wash to remove hookworms in children. Cherokee Throat aid. Wood sorrel, yellow Used for cancer "when it is first startedj" also, chewed for sore throat. Oxalis europaea Oxalidaceae Iroquois Blood medicine. Wood sorrel, tall yellow Compound decoction of roots taken as a blood medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Febrifuge. Wood sorrel, tall yellow Infusion of plant taken for cramps, nausea, fever and "summer complaint." Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Wood sorrel, tall yellow Infusion of plant taken for cramps, nausea, fever and "summer complaint." Iroquois Misc disease remedy. Wood sorrel, tall yellow Infusion of plant taken for cramps, nausea, fever and "summer complaint." Iroquois Oral aid. Wood sorrel, tall yellow Infusion of plant used as wash to refresh the mouth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Wood sorrel, tall yellow Compound used as an anti-witch medicine. No preparation or application given. Oxalis oregana Oxalidaceae Cowlitz Eye medicine. Wood sorrel Fresh juice from plant applied to sore eyes. Karok Dietary aid. Wood sorrel, red Plant used by anyone who does not feel like eating. Makah Misc disease remedy. Wood sorrel Decoction of plants taken for "summer complaint." Porno Antirheumatic - Ext. Wood sorrel, red Decoction of whole plant used as a wash for rheumatism. Quileute Dermatological aid. Wood sorrel Poultice of wilted leaves applied to boils. Quinault Eye medicine. Wood sorrel Chewed root juice applied to sore eyes.

Genera

(21:340) (21:346) (21:340) (77:82) (77:82) (37:299) (37:298) (37:299) (37:298) (64:44) (64:44) (84:34) (84:34) (35:56) (35:56) (35:56) (35:56) (35:56) (35:56) (35:56) (35:56) (37:366) (37:365) (37:365) (37:365) (37:366) (37:365) (34:39) (58:385) (34:39) (27:13) (34:39) (34:39)

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319

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Oxalis

Table 1: Genera - Oxalis stricta Oxalidaceae Omaha Dermatological aid. Sheep sorrel, yellow Poultice of plants applied for swellings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (28:335) Oxalis violacea Oxalidaceae Cherokee Anthelmintic. Sorrel, purple Infusion taken orally and used as wash to remove hookworms in children. (35:56) Cherokee Antiemetic. Sorrel, purple Cold infusion of leaf taken to stop vomiting; also, infusion taken for blood. (35:56) Cherokee Blood medicine. Sorrel, purple Cold infusion of leaf taken to stop vomiting; also, infusion taken for blood. (35:56) Cherokee Cancer treatment. Sorrel, purple Used for cancer "when it is first started;" also, chewed for sore throat. (35:56) Cherokee Dermatological aid. Sorrel, purple Salve of infusion of leaf mixed with sheep grease used for sores. (35:56) Cherokee Oral aid. Sorrel, purple Leaves chewed for "disordered saliva" and sore mouth. . . . . . (35:56) Cherokee Pediatric aid. Sorrel, purple Infusion taken orally and used as wash to remove hookworms in children. (35:56) Cherokee Throat aid. Sorrel, purple Used for cancer "when it is first started;" also, chewed for sore throat. (35:56) Pawnee Veterinary aid. IONOXALIS VIOLACEA Sorrel, sheep Pounded bulbs fed to horses to make them run faster. . . . . . . . . . . (30:98) Oxybaphus coccineus Nyctaginaceae Hopi Dermatological aid. Umbrella wort Decoction of plant used as a wash for wounds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (88:32,75) Oxybaphus comatus Nyctaginaceae Navaho-Ramah Burn dressing. Poultice of soaked, split root applied to burns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:26) Oxybaphus pumilus Nyctaginaceae Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Plant used as lotion for sores and skin eruptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (91:21) Oxydendrum arboreum Ericaceae Catawba Gynecological aid. OXYDENDRON ARBOREUM Sourwood Cold infusion of plant taken by women to check excessive flow of blood. (67:188) Cold infusion of plant taken by women when very sick from the change of life .. (67:188) Catawba Gynecological aid. Sourwood tree Cold infusion of plant taken to regulate flow of blood during menopause. (79:49) Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Sourwood Compound infusion taken for diarrhea; also, bark ooze used for itch. (35:56) Cherokee Dermatological aid. Sourwood Compound infusion taken for diarrhea; also, bark ooze used for itch. (35:56) Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Sourwood Taken as a tonic for "dyspepsy," phthisic, asthma, and lung diseases. (35:56) Cherokee Oral aid. Sourwood Bark chewed for mouth ulcers; also, infusion taken for nerves. (35:56) Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Sourwood Taken as a tonic for "dyspepsy," phthisic, asthma, and lung diseases. (35:56) Cherokee Respiratory aid. Sourwood Taken as a tonic for "dyspepsy," phthisic, asthma, and lung diseases. (35:56) Cherokee Sedative. Sourwood Bark chewed for mouth ulcers; also, infusion taken for nerves. (35:56) Oxytropis johannensis Fabaceae Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. OXYTROPIS MONTICOLA Locoweed Decoction of whole plant used as a wash for the head, hair, and whole body. (71:473,474) Thompson Ind Disinfectant. OXYTROPIS CAMPESTRIS Decoction of roots taken and poured on head in sweathouse for purification. . . . (71:504) Oxytropis lagopus Fabaceae Blackfeet Dermatological aid. ARAGALLUS LAG OPUS Locoweed, purple Plant chewed to allay swelling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (45:274) Blackfeet Throat aid. ARAGALLUS LAGOPUS Locoweed, purple (45:274) Plant chewed for sore throat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oxytropis lambenii Fabaceae Hopi Poison. Locoweed Plant is poisonous to cattle. (88:80) Navaho-Kayenta Laxative. Plant used for constipation. (91:28) Oxytropis sp. Fabaceae Cheyenne Gynecological aid. Powdered roots taken by women to increase flow of milk. . . . . . . . . . . (33:179) Cheyenne Pediatric aid. Powdered roots taken by women when milk does not agree with the child. . (33:179)

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Genera

Oxytropis

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Oxytropis sp. Fabaceae Navaho Misc disease remedy. Locoweed Plant used for rabies. . .......................... . Navaho Respiratory aid. Locoweed Infusion of crushed leaves taken for bronchial and esophagus troubles. Thompson Ind Analgesic. Locoweed Plant used in the sweat bath for rheumatism, stiff & aching muscles & joints. Thompson Ind Antirheumatic - Ext. Locoweed Plant used in the sweat bath for rheumatism, stiff & aching muscles & joints. Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Locoweed Decoction of whole plant used as a wash for the head, hair, and whole body. Plant used in steambath to relieve swellings and rheumatism. Thompson Ind Diaphoretic. Locoweed Plant used in the sweat bath for rheumatism and various aches. Thompson Ind Herbal steam. Locoweed Plants steamed in the sweatbath for rheumatism & other joint & muscle aches. Thompson Ind Orthopedic aid. Locoweed Plant used in the sweat bath for sprains, stiff & aching muscles and joints. Tlingit Gast-intestinal aid. Locoweed Root extract used to treat colic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pachistima myrsinites Celastraceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Plant used as an emetic in various ceremonies. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Plant used as an emetic in various ceremonies. Thompson Ind Analgesic. Pachistima, myrtle Poultice of leaves used for pain in any part of the body. Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Pachistima, myrtle Poultice of boiled leaves applied to swellings and body pains. Paeonia broumii Paeoniaceae Costanoan Gast-intestinal aid. Decoction of roots or plants used for stomachaches and indigestion. Costanoan Laxative. Decoction of plants taken for constipation. Costanoan Pulmonary aid. Decoction of roots used for pneumonia. Mahuna Febrifuge. Peony, American wild Infusion of roots taken for complicated lung fevers. Mahuna Pulmonary aid. Peony, American wild Infusion of roots taken for complicated lung fevers. Paiute Cough medicine. Peony, wild Decoction of root taken for coughs. . . . . . . . . Paiute Cough medicine. Cold infusion of seeds used as a cough medicine. Paiute Dermatological aid. Peony, wild Decoction of root used as a liniment for swellings. Paiute Eye medicine. Peony, wild Infusion of root used as a wash for sore eyes. Paiute Kidney aid. Peony, wild Decoction of root taken for kidney trouble. Paiute Tuberculosis remedy. Peony, wild Decoction of root taken for tuberculosis. Shoshone Antidiarrheal. Peony, wild Decoction of root taken to stop diarrhea. Shoshone Burn dressing. Peony, wild Powder of pulverized dried roots applied to burns. Shoshone Cough medicine. Peony, wild Decoction of root taken for coughs. . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Dermatological aid. Peony, wild Poultice of mashed root applied to boils and deep cuts or wounds. Powdered, dried roots used on cuts, wounds, sores, and burns. Shoshone Eye medicine. Peony, wild Infusion or decoction of root used as a wash for sore eyes. Shoshone Kidney aid. Peony, wild Decoction of root taken for kidney trouble. Shoshone Throat aid. Peony, wild Decoction of root gargled for sore throat. Shoshone Tuberculosis remedy. Peony, wild Decoction of root taken for tuberculosis. . Shoshone Venereal aid. Peony, wild Decoction of root taken for venereal disease.

Genera

(23:57) (23:57) (71:468) (71:468) (71:473,474) (71:468) (71:468) (71:468) (71:468) (43:283) (84:36) (84:36) (71:468) (71:468) (5:7) (5:7) (5:7) (55:9) (55:9) (81:110,111) . .. (42:197) (81:110,111) (81:110,111) (81:110,111) (81:110,111) (81:110,111) (81:110.111) (81:110,111) (81:110.111) (81:110,111) (81:110,111) (81:110,111) (81:110,111) (81:110,111 ) (81:110,111)

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321

Paeonia

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Paeonia broumii Paeoniaceae Washoe Analgesic. Peony, wild Decoction of root used as a lotion for headaches. Washoe Tuberculosis remedy. Peony, wild Decoction of root taken for tuberculosis. Panax quinquefolium Araliaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Ginseng Used for ''weakness of the womb and nervous affections;" also, for headache. Cherokee Anticonvulsive. Ginseng Root used as a tonic and an expectorant; also, for convulsions and palsy. Cherokee Expectorant. Ginseng Root used as a tonic and an expectorant; also, for convulsions and palsy. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Ginseng Root chewed for colic; also, infusion used for "thrush." . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Gynecological aid. Ginseng Used for "weakness of the womb and nervous affections;" also, for headache. Cherokee Oral aid. Ginseng Root chewed for colic; also, infusion used for "thrush." . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Other. Ginseng Root used as a tonic and an expectorant; also, for palsy and vertigo. Cherokee Tonic. Ginseng Root used as a tonic and an expectorant; also, for convulsions and palsy. Creek Dermatological aid. Ginseng Poultice of plant applied to stop the flow of blood from a cut. Creek Diaphoretic. Ginseng Decoction of plant taken to produce sweating for fevers. Creek Febrifuge. Ginseng Decoction of plant taken to produce sweating for fevers. Creek Hemostat. Ginseng Poultice of plant applied to stop the flow of blood from a cut. Creek Pulmonary aid. Ginseng Decoction of roots taken for short windedness. . . . . . . . . . Delaware-Okl Panacea. Ginseng Infusion of root used in any severe illness; a cure when others have failed. Delaware-Okl Tonic. Ginseng Infusion of root and other plant parts taken as a general tonic. Fox Adjuvant. Ginseng Used chiefly as a seasoner to render other remedies powerful. . Fox Love medicine. Ginseng Compound called a "bagger" used by a woman to get a husband. Fox Panacea. Ginseng Used as a universal remedy for children and adults. . Fox Pediatric aid. Ginseng Used as a "universal remedy for children and adults." Houma Antiemetic. Ginseng Decoction of root taken to stop vomiting. . . . . . . . Houma Antirheumatic - Int. Ginseng Decoction of root with whiskey taken for rheumatism. Iroquois Anthelmintic. Ginseng Compound infusion of roots taken as a blood remedy and for tape worms. Iroquois Antiemetic. Ginseng Decoction of roots taken to stop vomiting from cholera morbus. Infusion of roots taken to stop vomiting gall and for a bad appetite. Iroquois Blood medicine. Ginseng Compound infusion of roots taken as a blood remedy and for tape worms. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Ginseng Infusion of roots taken for sores on body and boils. . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Dietary aid. Ginseng Infusion of roots taken to stop vomiting gall and for a bad appetite. Iroquois Ear medicine. Ginseng Compound infusion of roots used as drops for earaches. . . . . . . . Iroquois Eye medicine. Ginseng Infusion of roots used as a wash for sore eyes of two-year-old children. Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Ginseng Decoction of roots taken for upset stomach and for vomiting gall. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Ginseng Compound infusion of seed pods taken by women having difficulty with labor. Iroquois Liver aid. Ginseng Decoction or infusion of roots taken to stop vomiting gall. Iroquois Misc disease remedy. Ginseng Decoction of roots taken to stop vomiting from cholera morbus.

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Genera

(81:110,111) (81:110,111) (35:36) (35:36) (35:36) (35:36) (35:36) (35:36) (35:36) (35:36) (79:44) (79:44) (79:44) (79:44) (79:44) . (77:27,76) . (77:27,76) (62:204) (62:204) (62:204) (62:204) (68:61) (68:61) (37:395) (37:395) (37:395) (37:395) (37:395) (37:395) (37:395) (37:395) (37:395) (37:395) (37:395) (37:395)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Panax

Table 1: Genera - Panax quinquefolium Araliaceae Iroquois Panacea. Ginseng Compound decoction of roots taken or dried roots smoked as a panacea. Dried roots smoked for every ailment or for fainting spells. . . . . . . . Iroquois Pediatric aid. Ginseng Infusion of roots used as a wash for sore eyes of two-year-old children. Iroquois Respiratory aid. Ginseng Smashed root smoked for asthma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Stimulant. Ginseng Plant used for laziness and as a stimulant. No preparation indicated. Iroquois Tonic. Ginseng Plant used as a tonic. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Ginseng Compound infusion of roots taken for tuberculosis. . . . . . . . Iroquois Venereal aid. Ginseng Plant used for gonorrhea. No preparation or application given. Menominee Psychological aid. Ginseng Plant acts as a tonic and a "strengthener of mental powers." Menominee Tonic. Ginseng Plant acts as a tonic and strengthens mental powers. Micmac Blood medicine. Ginseng Roots used as a "detergent for the blood." Mohegan Panacea. PANAX QUINQUEFOLIUS Ginseng Herb highly valued as a cure-all. . . . . . . . . . . Mohegan Tonic. PANAX QUINQUEFOLIUS Ginseng Root used alone or in combination to make a tonic. Mohegan Tonic. Ginseng Complex compound infusion including ginseng root taken as spring tonic. Pawnee Love medicine. Ginseng Compound containing root used by men as a love charm. Penobscot Reproductive aid. Ginseng Infusion of root taken by women to increase fertility. Potawatomi Adjuvant. Ginseng . Root used as a seasoner in many powdered medicines. Potawatomi Ear medicine. Ginseng Poultice of pounded root applied to cure earache. Potawatomi Eye medicine. Ginseng Infusion of pounded root used as wash to cure sore eyes. Panax $p. Araliaceae Creek Adjuvant. Ginseng A healthful root added to many compounds. . . . . . . . . . Creek Ceremonial medicine. Ginseng Plant used to keep ghosts away; also, for religious occasions. Creek Diaphoretic. Ginseng Compound decoction of root taken to induce sweating, reducing fever. Creek Febrifuge. Ginseng Compound decoction of root taken to induce sweating, reducing fever. Creek Hemostat. Ginseng Infusion of root applied to stop blood flow from a cut or wound. . . . . Creek Pediatric aid. Ginseng Decoction of root taken for shortness of breath; also, for croup in children. Creek Pulmonary aid. Ginseng Decoction of root taken for shortness of breath; also, for croup in children. Panax trifolium Araliaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Ginseng, dwarf An "ingredient to relieve sharp pains in the breast." . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6hewed plant used for headaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Infusion of plant taken for breast pains; chewed plant used for headaches. Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Ginseng, dwarf Used for rheumatism, "diseases induced by mercury," and pox. Cherokee Breast treatment. Ginseng, dwarf Infusion of plant taken for breast pains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Dermatological aid. Ginseng, dwarf Used for liver; also, compound infusion given for children's "bold hives." Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Ginseng, dwarf Root chewed for short breath and colic; also, infusion taken for colic. Used for "nervous debility," "dyspepsia," and apoplexy. . . . . . . . . Cherokee Kidney aid. Ginseng, dwarf Root cures stubborn venereal disease; also, used for "dropsy" and gout. Cherokee Liver aid. Ginseng, dwarf Used for liver; also, compound infusion given for children's "bold hives."

Genera

(37:395) (37:396) (37:395) (37:395) (37:396) (37:396) (37:395) (37:396) (61:24) (61:24) (15:58) (78:74,130) (78:74,130) (76:266) (30:106) (66:310) (64:41) (64:41) (64:41) (75:656) (75:656) (75:656) (75:656) (75:656) (75:656) (75:656) (35:36) (79:44) (79:44) (35:36) (79:44) (35:36) (35:36) (35:36) (35:36) (35:36)

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323

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Panax

Table 1: Genera -Panax trifolium Araliaceae Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Ginseng, dwarf Used for rheumatism, "diseases induced by mercury," and pox. Cherokee Other. Ginseng, dwarf Decoction of roots rubbed into scratches made for apoplexy. Taken for "nervous debility, dyspepsia, and apoplexy." ... Cherokee Pediatric aid. Ginseng, dwarf Used for liver; also, compound infusion given for children's "bold hives." Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Ginseng, dwarf Root chewed for short breath and colic; also, infusion used for colic. Cherokee Stimulant. Ginseng, dwarf Cold compound infusion of beaten roots given for fainting. Cherokee Tuberculosis remedy. Ginseng, dwarf Infusion for tuberculosis and "scrofulous sores." . . . . . . . Cherokee Venereal aid. Ginseng, dwarf Root cures stubborn venereal disease; also, used for "dropsy" and gout. Iroquois Analgesic. Ginseng, dwarf Compound used for pains in the chest. No preparation or application given. Iroquois Other. Ginseng, dwarf Decoction of plant rubbed on the arms and legs of lacrosse players. . . . . . Infusion of roots used as wash for fishing equipment; a "fishing medicine." Iroquois Pulmonary aid. Ginseng, dwarf Compound used for pains in the chest. No preparation or application given. S Ojibwa Hemostat. ARALIA TRIFOLIA Ginseng, dwarf Poultice of chewed root applied to cuts as a coagulant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Panicum capillare Poaceae Mahuna Dietary aid. Grass, witch Infusion of plant taken as a reducing aid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Panicum oligosanthes Poaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. PANICUM SCRIBNERIANUM Panicum, Scribner's Decoction of plant used ceremonially for "snake infection." . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Disinfectant. PANICUM SCRIBNERIANUM Panicum, Scribner's Decoction of plant used ceremonially for "snake infection." . . . . . . . . Panicum trp. Poaceae Creek Misc disease remedy. Grass, panic Warm infusion of leaves taken to cure fevers, especially malaria. Natchez Febrifuge. Grass, panic Warm infusion of leaves taken to cure fevers, especially malaria. Natchez Misc disease remedy. Grass, panic Infusion of plant taken for malaria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Papaver somniferum Papaveraceae Cherokee Analgesic. Poppy, white Large dose produces sleep, relieves pain, and removes cramps. . . . . . . . Cherokee Anticonvulsive. Poppy, white Large dose given as antispasmodic; also, produces sleep and relieves pain. Cherokee Sedative. Poppy, white Large dose produces sleep, relieves pain, soothes & tranquilizes the system. Cherokee Stimulant. Poppy, white Small doses given as a stimulant; larger dose produces sleep & relieves pain. Pamassia fimbriata Saxifragaceae Cheyenne Gast-intestinal aid. Infusion of powdered leaves given to babies when dull or for stomach trouble. Cheyenne Pediatric aid. Infusion of powdered leaves given to babies when dull or for stomach trouble. Cheyenne Stimulant. Infusion of powdered leaves given to babies when dull or for stomach trouble. Gosiute Venereal aid. Poultice of plant applied or plant used as wash for venereal diseases. Parrya menziesii Brassicaceae Paiute Gynecological aid. Daggerpod Decoction of root taken as a tonic after childbirth. Paiute Tonic. Daggerpod Decoction of root taken as a tonic after childbirth. Parryella filifolio. Fabaceae Hopi Toothache remedy. Beans used to treat toothaches. Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Leaves used as ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Leaves used as ceremonial emetic.

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Genera

(35:36) (79:44) (35:36) (35:36) (35:36) (35:36) (35:36) (35:36) (37:396) (37:396) (37:396) · (37:396) · (39:201) (55:66) (84:17) (84:17) (75:667) (75:667) . (79:6) · (35:50,51) · (35:50,51) · (35:50,51) · (35:50,51) (33:176) (33:176) (33:176) · (14:351) · (81:112) · (81:112) · (88:33,80) (84:33) (84:33)

Parthenium

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera -Parthenium hysterophoTUS Asteraceae

Koasati Antidiarrheal. Decoction of roots taken for dysentery. Parthenium integrifolium Asteraceae Catawba Burn dressing. Poultice of fresh leaves applied to burns.

(79:63) (67:191) (79:63)

Catawba Veterinary aid. Leaf ash rubbed on horse's sore back. Parthenocissus inserta Vitaceae Iroquois Urinary aid. PARTHENOCISSUS VITACEA Woodbine Compound decoction of plants taken for difficult urination caused by gall. Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. PARTHENOCISSUS VITACEA Virginia creeper Infusion of leaves and berries used as a lotion for swollen arm or leg. Parthenocissus quinquefolia Vitaceae Cherokee Liver aid. P ARTHENCISSUS QUINQUEFOLIA Virginia creeper Infusion taken for yellow jaundice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fox Antidiarrheal. PSEDERA QUINQUEFOLIA Virginia creeper Decoction of root taken to cure diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . Houma Dermatological aid. PSEDERA QUINQUEFOLIA Five leaf vine Hot decoction of stems and leaves applied to reduce swellings. Poultice of crushed leaves and vinegar applied to cure a wound. Houma Misc disease remedy. PSEDERA QUINQUEFOLIA Five leaf vine Poultice of crushed leaves and vinegar applied to cure lockjaw. . Iroquois Antidote. Virginia creeper Compound decoction of twigs taken & used as wash to counteract poison sumach. Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Virginia creeper Poultice of vines applied to bunches (swellings) on wrists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Other. Virginia creeper Compound decoction of bark taken for stricture caused by menstruating woman. Iroquois Poison. Virginia creeper Plant is poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Urinary aid. Virginia creeper Compound decoction of plants taken for difficult urination. Parthenocissus sp. Vitaceae Creek Venereal aid. Woodbine Root used to treat gonorrhea. Roots used for gonorrhea. .. Passiftora incarnata Passifloraceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Maypop Compound infusion of root used for boils. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pounded root applied to brier or locust wounds to "draw out inflammation." Cherokee Dietary aid. Maypop Infusion of root given to babies to aid in weaning. . . . . . . Cherokee Ear medicine. Maypop Warm infusion of beaten root dropped into ear for earache. Cherokee Liver aid. Maypop Infusion taken for liver; also, compound infusion of root used for boils. Cherokee Pediatric aid. Maypop Infusion of root given to babies to aid in weaning. Houma Blood medicine. Sarsaparilla, white Infusion of roots taken as a blood tonic. . . . . . . Pastinaca sativa Apiaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Parsnip, wild Taken for "sharp pains." .............................. . Iroquois Dermatological aid. Parsnip, wild Compound decoction as wash or poultice applied to chancres or lumps on penis. Ojibwa Gynecological aid. Parsnip, wild Compound infusion of minute quantity of root taken for female troubles. Ojibwa Poison. Parsnip, wild Root in small amounts is powerful, in large amounts is poisonous. Potawatomi Dermatological aid. Parsnip, wild Poultice of root applied to inflammation and sores. Potawatomi Poison. Parsnip, wild Root considered poisonous when taken internally. Pectis angustifolia Asteraceae Navaho Carminative. Lemon scent Plant used as a carminative. Navaho Gast-intestinal aid. Lemon scent Crushed leaves used for stomachaches.

Genera

(67:191) (37:382) (84:36) (35:60) (62:252) (68:63) (68:63) (68:63) (37:382) (37:382) (37:382) (37:382) (37:382) (75:662) (79:41) (35:47) (35:47) (35:47) (35:47) (35:47) (35:47) (68:63) (35:47) (37:399) (63:391) (63:391) (64:86) (64:86) (23:88) (23:88)

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325

Pectis

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Pectis papposa Asteraceae Pima Laxative. Chinchweed Decoction of plant or dried plant taken as a laxative. (17:104) . Zuni Carminative. Infusion of whole plant taken as a carminative. (72:57) Zuni Eye medicine. (72:57) Infusion of blossoms used as eye drops for snow blindness. Pedicularis bracteosa Scrophulariaceae Thompson Ind Unspecified. Betony, wood Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (71:467) Pedicularis canadensis Scrophulariaceae Catawba Analgesic. Betony, wood Infusion of roots used for stomach pains and disorders. (67:190) Catawba Gast-intestinal aid. Betony, wood Infusion of roots used for stomach pains and disorders. (67:190) Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Lousewort, common Taken "for bloody discharge from bowels;" also, used to rid sheep of lice. (35:43) Cherokee Cough medicine. Lousewort, common Infusion of root rubbed on sores; also, an ingredient in cough medicine. (35:43) Cherokee Dermatological aid. Lousewort, common Infusion of root rubbed on sores; also, an ingredient in cough medicine. (35:43) Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Lousewort, common Decoction of root taken for stomach ache; also, infusion taken for "flux." (35:43) Cherokee Veterinary aid. Lousewort, common Put in dog bed to de-louse pups; also, used to rid sheep of lice. (35:43) Chippewa Blood medicine. Betony, wood Infusion of dried roots used for anemic conditions. (31:140) Fox Cancer treatment. Lousewort Poultice of root applied to tumors to heal them. (62:247) Fox Dermatological aid. Lousewort Poultice of root applied to external swellings. (62:247) Fox Other. Lousewort Decoction of plant taken to reduce internal swelling; poultice for external. (62:247) Iroquois Emetic. Lousewort, common Decoction taken to vomit for stomachaches caused by menstruating women. (37:436) Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Lousewort, common Decoction taken to vomit for stomachaches caused by menstruating women. (37:436) Iroquois Heart medicine. Lousewort, common Infusion of smashed roots taken for heart troubles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:436) Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Lousewort, common Compound decoction of plants used as ste&'ll bath for sore legs or knees. (37:436) Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Lousewort, common Compound infusion of whole plants taken for consumption with bad hemorrhage. (37:436) Menominee Veterinary aid. Betony, wood Chopped root added to feed to make pony fat and vicious to all but its owner. (61:53) Mohegan Abortifacient. Betony, wood Infusion of leaves taken to induce abortion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (78:74,130) Ojibwa Love medicine. Betony, wood Finely cut root secretly added to another's food as an aphrodisiac. (63:389,390) Potawatomi Cathartic. Betony, wood Root used as a physic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (64:83) Potawatomi Other. Betony, wood Root used by Prairie Potawatomi to reduce both internal & external swellings. (64:83) Pedicularis centranthera Scrophulariaceae Shoshone Gast-intestinal aid. Elephant head Decoction of root given to children for stomachaches. (81:112) Shoshone Pediatric aid. Elephant head Decoction of root given to children for stomachaches. (81:112) Pedicularis groenlandica Scrophulariaceae Cheyenne Cough medicine. Elephant head Infusion of smashed leaves and stems taken for coughs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (36:39) Pedicularis racemosa Scrophulariaceae Thompson Ind Unspecified. Betony, wood Plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (71:467) Pedicularis sp. Scrophulariaceae Cheyenne Cough medicine. PEDICULARIS GROENLANDICA t Infusion of powdered leaves and stems taken to stop or loosen a cough. (33:187) Washoe Dermatological aid. PEDICULARIS ATTOLENS Elephant head Poultice of plant applied to cuts, sores, and swellings. (81:112) Washoe Tonic. PEDICULARIS ATTOLENS Elephant head Decoction of leaves taken as a tonic. . . . . . . . . . . (81:112)

326

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Genera

Pellaea

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Pellaea atropurpurea Polypodiaceae Mahuna Blood medicine. Fern, purple cliff brake Infusion of plants taken to flush the kidneys or tone and thin the blood. Mahuna Kidney aid. Fern, purple cliff brake Infusion of plants taken to flush the kidneys or tone and thin the blood. Mahuna Other. Fern, purple cliff brake Infusion of plants taken as a preventative against sunstroke. . . . . . . . Pellaea mucronata Polypodiaceae Costanoan Antihemorrhagic. Decoction of plant used for internal injuries to cough up "bad blood." Costanoan Blood medicine. Decoction of plant used for internal injuries to cough up "bad blood." Costanoan Dermatological aid. ........... . Infusion of leaves used as a wash for facial sores. Costanoan Emetic. Decoction of plant used for internal injuries to cough up "bad blood." Costanoan Febrifuge. Infusion of sprouts taken for fevers. . . . . . . . . Luisenos Unspecified. PELLAEA ORNITHOPUS Decoction of fronds used for medicinal purposes. Pe/tandra virginica Araceae Nanticoke Pediatric aid. Arrow arum Grated root in milk given to babies for unspecified purpose. Nanticoke Unspecified. Arrow arum Grated root in milk given to babies for unspecified purpose. Pelt~phyllum peltatum Saxifragaceae Karok Gynecological aid. Infusion of roots taken by women to prevent fetus from getting too large. . . . . . . . . . . Peniocereus greggii Cactaceae Papago Dermatological aid. CEREUS GREGGII Cereus, night blooming Seed pod and deer grease salve rubbed on sores. . . . . . . . . . Seed pod mixed with deer grease as salve for sores. . . . . . . . Pima Misc disease remedy. CEREUS GREGGII Cactus, sweetpotato Decoction of roots taken for diabetes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Penstemon acuminatus Scrophulariaceae Blackfeet Analgesic. PENTSTEMON ACUMINATUS Beard tongue, sharp leaved Decoction of plant taken for cramps and stomach pain. . . . . . . . . . . Blackfeet Antiemetic. PENTSTEMON ACUMINATUS Beard tongue, sharp leaved Decoction of plant taken to stop vomiting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Blackfeet Gast-intestinal aid. PENTSTEMON ACUMINATUS Beard tongue, sharp leaved Decoction of plant taken for cramps and stomach pain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Penstemon ambiguus Scrophulariaceae Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Plant used for solpugid bites or poultice of plant applied to eagle bites. Navaho-Kayenta Disinfectant. Plant used as a fumigant for livestock with snake bites. Navaho-Kayenta Veterinary aid. Plant used as a fumigant for livestock with snake bites. Penstemon barbatus Scrophulariaceae Navaho Diuretic. PENSTEMON TORREYI Beard tongue, torrey Infusion of plants taken as a diuretic. . .......... . Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Beard tongue Decoction of root taken for menstrual pain and stomachache. Navaho-Ramah Burn dressing. Beard tongue Cold infusion or powdered plant applied to burns. Navaho-Ramah Cough medicine. Beard tongue Decoction of plant taken for cough. . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Beard tongue Poultice of root applied to swellings and gun & arrow wounds; "life medicine." Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Beard tongue Simple or compound decoction of root taken for menstrual pain or stomachache. Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. Beard tongue Honey sucked from flower by pregnant woman to keep baby small for easy labor. Simple or compound decoction of root taken for menstrual pain or stomachache. Navaho-Ramah Other. Beard tongue Decoction of plant taken for internal injuries; a "life medicine." . . . . . . . . Poultice of root applied to gun & arrow wounds & swellings; "life medicine." Navaho-Ramah Veterinary aid. Beard tongue Poultice of plant applied to sheep's fractured legs. . .............. .

Genera

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(55:22) (55:22) (55:22) (5:5) (5:5) (5:5) (5:5) (5:5) (65:234) (77:58) (77:58) (58:384) (13:65) (12:65) (17:55) (45:276) (45:276) (45:276) (91:42) (91:42) (91:42) (23:77) (84:44) (84:44) (84:44) (84:44) (84:44) (84:44) (84:44) (84:44) (84:44) (84:44)

327

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Penstemon

Table 1: Genera - Penstemon bridgesii Scrophulariaceae Kawaiisu Orthopedic aid. Penstemon, scarlet Poultice of mashed roots applied to swollen limbs. ........................ Penstemon centranthifolius Scrophulariaceae Costanoan Dermatological aid. PENTSTEMON CENTRANTHIFOLIUS Poultice of plant applied to deep, infected sores. . . . . Costanoan Disinfectant. PENTSTEMON CENTRANTHIFOLIUS Poultice of plant applied to deep, infected sores. Penstemon confertus Scrophulariaceae Thompson Ind Cathartic. PENTSTEMON CONFERTUS Penstemon Decoction of root taken as a purgative. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Decoction used as a beverage, but if too strong acts as a purgative. . Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. PENTSTEMON CONFERTUS Penstemon Toasted, powdered stems and leaves sprinkled on sores, cuts, and wounds. Thompson Ind Gast-intestinal aid. PENTSTEMON CONFERTUS Penstemon Decoction of outer bark taken as a remedy for stomach troubles. Penstemon cordifolius Scrophulariaceae Mahuna Dermatological aid. PENTSTEMON CORDIFOLIUS Fuchsia, American wild Infusion used as wash or poultice of plant applied for fistulas and ulcers. Penstemon deustus Scrophulariaceae Paiute Dermatological aid. Poultice of smashed leaves applied to sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Penstemon eatoni Scrophulariaceae Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Plant used for spider bites. Navaho-Kayenta Disinfectant. Plant used as a fumigant and Lightning infection emetic. Navaho-Kayenta Emetic. Plant used as a fumigant and Lightning infection emetic. Plant used as a Lightning infection emetic. Navaho-Kayenta Gast-intestinal aid. Plant used for stomach troubles. Navaho-Kayenta Hemostat. Plant used as a hemostatic. Navaho-Kayenta Orthopedic aid. Plant used for backache. .. Navaho-Kayenta Snake bite remedy. Poultice of plant applied to snake bites. Navaho-Kayenta Veterinary aid. Plant used for livestock with colic. Shoshone Analgesic. Penstemon, red Decoction of whole plant used as a wash for pain and healing of burns. Shoshone Burn dressing. Penstemon, red Decoction of whole plant used as a wash for pain and healing of burns. Penstemon fendleri Scrophulariaceae Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Beard tongue Plant used for arrow or gunshot wounds. Penstemon frutiC08US Scrophulariaceae Shuswap Urinary aid. Penstemon Plant used for the bladder. Penstemon gmndiflorus Scrophulariaceae Dakota Analgesic. PENTSTEMON GRANDIFLORUS Decoction of roots used for chest pains. Kiowa Gast-intestinal aid. Foxglove, wild Decoction of roots taken for stomachaches. Pawnee Febrifuge. PENTSTEMON GRANDIFLORUS Foxglove, wild Decoction of leaves taken for chills and fever. . . . . . . . . . Penstemon jamesii Scrophulariaceae Navaho-Kayenta Emetic. Plant used as an emetic and lotion to purify a newborn infant before nursing. Navaho-Kayenta Pediatric aid. Plant used as an emetic and lotion to purify a newborn infant before nursing. Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Beard tongue Cold compound infusion of plant taken for headache caused by hunting. Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Beard tongue Plant used ceremonially for headache and sore throat. Navaho-Ramah Throat aid. Beard tongue Cold infusion taken and used as lotion for sore throat. Penstemon laetus Scrophulariaceae Karok Psychological aid. PENTSTEMON LAETUS Infusion of plant taken and used as a steam bath by grieving person. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

328

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Genera

(92:47) (5:15) (5:15) (71:467) (71:493) (71:473) (71:467) (55:12) (42:196) (91:42) (91:42) (91:42) (91:42) (91:42) (91:42) (91:42) (91:42) (91:42) (81:114) (81:114) (84:44) (47:69) (29:363) (85:51) (30:114) (91:43) (91:43) (84:44) (84:44) (84:44) (58:389)

Penstemon

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Penstemon laemgatus Scrophulariaceae Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Beard tongue, hairy Infusion taken for cramps. . . . . . . . . . . Penstemon linarioides Scrophulariaceae Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. Beard tongue Decoction of plant taken early in pregnancy to insure birth of female child. Decoction of plant taken to facilitate labor and delivery of placenta. Penstemon palmeri Scrophulariaceae Navaho-Kayenta Snake bite remedy. Poultice of plant applied to snake bite sores. Penstemon sp. Scrophulariaceae Apache Witchcraft medicine. PENTSTEMON TORREYI Beard tongue Plant used as a magic medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Creek Tuberculosis remedy. PENTSTEMON SP. Infusion of root taken for colds, coughs, consumption, and whooping cough. Iroquois Emetic. PENSTEMON PUBESCENS Beard tongue, hairy Compound decoction of plants taken as an emetic to cure a love medicine. Iroquois Gynecological aid. PENSTEMON PUBESCENS Beard tongue, hairy Compound decoction used as wash by women who are bothered by milk flow. Iroquois Love medicine. PENSTEMON PUBESCENS Beard tongue, hairy Compound decoction of plants taken as an emetic to cure a love medicine. Natchez Cold remedy. PENTSTEMON SP. Infusion of root taken for colds, coughs, consumption, and whooping cough. Natchez Cough medicine. PENTSTEMON SP. Infusion of root taken for colds, coughs, consumption, and whooping cough. Natchez Pulmonary aid. PENTSTEMON SP. Infusion of root taken for colds, coughs, consumption, and whooping cough. Navaho Burn dressing. Beard tongue Plant used for burns. .. . . . . . . . .. Navaho Cathartic. Beard tongue Plant used as a cathartic and diuretic. Navaho Ceremonial medicine. PENSTEMON DOUGLAflII Hooker Plant used in medicine ceremonies. Navaho Diuretic. Beard tongue Plant used as a cathartic and diuretic. Navaho Gynecological aid. Beard tongue Plant used in the treatment of childbirth. Navaho Snake bite remedy. Penstemon Infusion taken and poultice of pounded leaves applied to rattlesnake bites. Navaho Toothache remedy. Beard tongue Plant used for toothaches. . .......................... . Okanagan Eye medicine. PENTSTEMON SCOULERI Beard tongue Decoction of stems, flowers and leaves used as a wash for inflamed eyes. Okanagan Kidney aid. PENTSTEMON SCOULERI Beard tongue Decoction of stems, flowers and leaves taken for kidney troubles & sore back. Okanagan Orthopedic aid. PENTSTEMON SCOULERI Beard tongue Decoction of stems, flowers and leaves taken for kidney troubles & sore back. Paiute Dermatological aid. PENSTEMON DEUSTUS t Penstemon, white Poultice of green leaves or leaf powder applied to various skin problems. Poultice of green or dried plant applied for swellings. . . . . . Paiute Eye medicine. PENSTEMON DEUSTUS t Penstemon, white Decoction of plant used as an eyewash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Gast-intestinal aid. PENSTEMON DEUSTUS t Penstemon, white Decoction of plant taken for stomachaches, especially children's. Paiute Pediatric aid. PENSTEMON DEUSTUS t Penstemon, white Decoction of plant taken for stomachaches, especially children's. Paiute Toothache remedy. Chewed root inserted in tooth cavity to reduce pain. Salishan Unspecified. PENTSTEMON DOUGLASSII Decoction of plants used as a medicine. . . . . . . . . Shoshone Analgesic. PENSTEMON DEUSTUS t Penstemon, white Decoction of plants as a hot bath for sore feet and swollen legs and veins. Decoction of plants taken for colds and rheumatic aches. . . . . . . . Shoshone Antirheumatic - Int. PENSTEMON DEUSTUS t Penstemon, white Decoction of whole plant taken for rheumatic aches. . . . . . . Shoshone Cold remedy. PENSTEMON DEUSTUS t Penstemon, white Decoction of whole plant taken for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Dermatological aid. PENSTEMON DEUSTUS t Penstemon, white Poultice of green leaves or leaf powder applied to various skin problems. Shoshone Disinfectant. PENSTEMON DEUSTUS t Penstemon, white Decoction of stems and leaves dropped into the ear to cure ear infections.

Genera

(35:25) (84:44) (84:44) (91:43) (53:159) (75:667) (37:434) (37:434) (37:434) (75:667) (75:667) (75:667) (38:162) (38:162) (38:162) (38:162) (38:162) (23:77) (38:162) (48:41) (48:41) (48:41) (81:112-114) (81:112-114) (81:112-114) (81:112-114) (81:112-114) (81:114-115) . . . (80:294) (81:112-114) (81:112-114) (81:112-114) (81:112-114) (81:112-114) (81:112-114)

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329

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Penstemon

Table 1: Genera - Pensremon ep. Scrophulariaceae Shoshone Ear medicine. PENSTEMON DEUSTUS t Penstemon, white (81:112-114) Strong decoction of stems and leaves dropped into ear for ear infection. Shoshone Eye medicine. PENSTEMON DEUSTUS t Penstemon, white (81:112-114) Decoction of plant used as an eyewash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Gast-intestinal aid. PENSTEMON DEUSTUS t Penstemon, white (81:112-114) Decoction of plant taken for stomachaches, especially children's. . .. Shoshone Orthopedic aid. PENSTEMON DEUSTUS t Penstemon, white (81:112-114) Decoction of plants as a hot bath for sore feet and swollen legs and veins. Shoshone Pediatric aid. PENSTEMON DEUSTUS t Penstemon, white Decoction of plant taken for stomachaches, especially children's. . . . . . . (81:112-114) Shoshone Venereal aid. PENSTEMON DEUSTUS t Penstemon, white (81: 112-114) Compound infusion of plant used as a wash for gonorrheal sores. (81:112-114) Plant used in various ways both internally & externally for venereal disease. Tewa Dermatological aid. PENTSTEMON TORREYI Beard tongue (54:58) Plant used as a dressing for sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Eye medicine. PENTSTEMON DOUGLASII Penstemon (71:468) Infusion of fresh plant used as a wash for sore eyes. . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Eye medicine. PENTSTEMON saOULERI Beard tongue (48:41) Decoction of stems, flowers and leaves used as a wash for inflamed eyes. Thompson Ind Eye medicine. PENTSTEMON SPP. Penstemon Infusion of plants used as a wash for sore eyes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (71:465) Thompson Ind Kidney aid. PENTSTEMON DOUGLASII Penstemon (71:468) Decoction of stems, flowers, and leaves taken for kidney trouble & sore back. Thompson Ind Kidney aid. PENTSTEMON saOULERI Beard tongue (48:41) Decoction of stems, flowers and leaves taken for kidney troubles & sore back. Thompson Ind Kidney aid. PENTSTEMON SPP. Penstemon Decoction of plants taken as a remedy for kidney trouble and sore back. . .. (71:465) Thompson Ind Orthopedic aid. PENTSTEMON DOUGLASII Penstemon Decoction of stems, flowers, and leaves taken for kidney trouble & sore back. (71:468) Thompson Ind Orthopedic aid. PENTSTEMON saOULERI Beard tongue (48:41) Decoction of stems, flowers and leaves taken for kidney troubles & sore back. Thompson Ind Orthopedic aid. PENTSTEMON SPP. Penstemon Decoction of plants taken as a remedy for kidney trouble and sore back. (71:465) Penstemon virgatus Scrophulariaceae Navaho-Ramah Other. Beard tongue Whole plant or root used as "life medicine." (84:45) Penthorum sedoides Saxifragaceae Fox Cough medicine. Ditch stonecrop (62:219) Seeds used to make a cough syrup. Perezia microcephala Asteraceae Coahuilla Cathartic. Decoction of plant taken to produce "a very quick passage of the bowels." . . . . . . . . . . (2:78) Perezia wrightii Asteraceae Navaho-Kayenta Gynecological aid. Plant used for difficult labor; a postpartum medicine. (91:49) Pima Hemostat. Plant used as a styptic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (56:80) Pericome caudata Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Decoction of root taken for general body pain. (84:52) Fresh leaves "smelled" for headache. . . . . . . (84:52) Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Cold infusion of leaves used as a ceremonial chant lotion and emetic. (84:52) Navaho-Ramah Cough medicine. Decoction of root taken for cough. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:52) Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Compound containing stems used as shampoo to prevent falling hair. (84:52) Navaho-Ramah Diaphoretic. Decoction of root used as a sweat bath medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:52) Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Cold infusion of leaves used as a ceremonial chant lotion and emetic. (84:52) Navaho-Ramah Febrifuge. Cold infusion of leaves taken for influenza or fever. (84:52) Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. Decoction of root taken to facilitate delivery of placenta. (84:52) Navaho-Ramah Misc disease remedy. Cold infusion of leaves taken for influenza or fever. (84:52) Navaho-Ramah Toothache remedy. Poultice of heated root applied for toothache. (84:52)

330

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Genera

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Pericome

Table 1: Genera - Pericome caudata Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Witchcraft medicine. Decoction of root used for protection from witches. (84:52) Perideridia gairdneri Apiaceae Blackfeet Dermatological aid. CARUM GAIRDNERI Squaw root Root used to draw inflammation from swellings. . (45:274) Blackfeet Throat aid. CARUM GAIRDNERI Squaw root Root used for sore throat. . . . . . . . (45:274) Cheyenne Unspecified. CARUM GAIRDNERI Plant used for medicinal purposes. (33:182) Cheyenne Unspecified. Yampah Roots used as an ingredient in medicines. (36:41) Perideridia kelloggii A piaceae Porno Antiemetic. CARUM KELLOGGII Decoction of flowers taken to stop vomiting. (27:14) Perilla jructescens Lamiaceae Rappahannock Blood medicine. Perilla, yellow An ingredient of a blood medicine. No preparation indicated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (69:31) Persea borbonia Lauraceae Creek Cathartic. PERSEA PUBESCENS Swamp bay Root used as a "hydragogue" and an alterant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (9:289) Creek Diaphoretic. PERSEA PUBESCENS Swamp bay (9:289) Decoction of root used as a diaphoretic in "fevers of all descriptions." Creek Febrifuge. PERSEA PUBESCENS Swamp bay (9:289) Decoction of root used as a diaphoretic in "fevers of all descriptions." Creek Kidney aid. PERSEA PUBESCENS Swamp bay (9:289) Decoction of root used for dropsy. . . . . . . . . Creek Other. PERSEA PUBESCENS Swamp bay (9:289) Root used as a "hydragogue" and an alterant. Persea sp. Lauraceae Mahuna Oral aid. PERSEA PLANIFOLIA Avocado, American (55:25) Powdered seeds used for pyorrhea and infusion used for toothaches. Mahuna Toothache remedy. PERSEA PLANIFOLIA Avocado, American Powdered seeds used for pyorrhea and infusion used for toothaches. (55:25) Petalostemum candidum Fabaceae Navaho Analgesic. PETALOSTEMON CANDIDUS Prairie clover (23:57) Compound of plants used for abdomen pain caused by colds and loose bowels. (23:57) Roots chewed for pain. ................................. . Navaho Gast-intestinal aid. PETALOSTEMON CANDIDUS Prairie clover (23:57) Compound of plants used for abdomen pain caused by colds and loose bowels. Navaho Toothache remedy. PETALOSTEMON CANDIDUS Prairie clover Plant used for toothaches. ......... . (23:57) Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Prairie clover, white (84:33) Plant used for stomachache. . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Disinfectant. Prairie clover, white (84:33) Compound decoction used for "snake infection" in both humans and sheep. (84:33) Decoction of plant used for "snake infection." Navaho-Ramah Febrifuge. Prairie clover, white (84:33) Plant used as a "life medicine," especially for fever. Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Prairie clover, white (84:33) Plant used for stomachache. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Other. Prairie clover, white (84:33) Plant used as "life medicine," especially for fever. Navaho-Ramah Veterinary aid. Prairie clover, white (84:33) Compound decoction used for "snake infection" in both humans and sheep. Pawnee Panacea. Prairie clover, white (30:94) Infusion of root taken as prophylactic to keep away disease. . . . . . . . . . . Petalostemum fiavescens Fabaceae Navaho-Kayenta Other. Infusion of plant taken when lightning stikes near a hogan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (91:29) Petalostemum occidentale Fabaceae Hopi Emetic. PETALOSTEMON OLIGOPHYLLUM Plant recognized as a strong emetic. . ............. . (88:34,80) Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. PETALOSTEMUM OLIGOPHYLLUM (91:29) Poultice of plant applied to arrow wounds. Navaho-Kayenta Other. PETALOSTEMUM OLIGOPHYLLUM (91:29) Plant used as a Life medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Veterinary aid. PETALOSTEMUM OLIGOPHYLLUM (91:29) Plant used for constipation in sheep. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Genera

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331

Petalostemum

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Petaiostemum purpureum Fabaceae Chippewa Heart medicine. PETALOSTEMON PURPUREUS Prairie clover Decoction of leaves and blossoms taken for heart trouble. Fox Antidiarrheal. Prairie clover, purple Compound containing florets used as a cure for diarrhea. Fox Misc disease remedy. Prairie clover, purple Infusion of root taken as a cure for measles. Navaho Pulmonary aid. Prairie clover Plant used for pneumonia. . . . . . . . . . . Pawnee Panacea. Prairie clover, purple Infusion of root taken as prophylactic to keep away disease. Petasites frigidus Asteraceae Lummi Emetic. PETASITES SPECIOSUS Coltsfoot, common Decoction of roots taken as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quileute Cough medicine. PETASITES SPECIOSUS Coltsfoot, common Decoction of roots or raw roots eaten as a cough medicine. Quinault Dermatological aid. PETASITES SPECIOSUS Coltsfoot, common Infusion of smashed roots used as a wash for swellings and sore eyes. Quinault Eye medicine. PETASITES SPECIOSUS Coltsfoot, common Infusion of smashed roots used as a wash for swellings and sore eyes. Skagit Antirheumatic - Ext. PETASITES SPECIOSUS Coltsfoot, common Poultice of warmed leaves applied to parts affiicted with rheumatism. Skagit Tuberculosis remedy. PETASITES SPECIOSUS Coltsfoot, common Decoction of roots taken for tuberculosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Petasites paimatus Asteraceae Concow Dermatological aid. PETASITES PALMATA Dried, grated roots applied to boils and running sores. Concow Misc disease remedy. PETASITES PALMATA Root used for the first stages of consumption and for grippe. Concow Tuberculosis remedy. PETASITES PALMATA Root used for the first stages of consumption and for grippe. Delaware-Okl Cough medicine. PETASITES PALMATA Coltsfoot Compound decoction of leaves taken for catarrh, coughs, and lung trouble. Delaware-Okl Pulmonary aid. PETASITES PALMATA Coltsfoot Compound decoction of leaves taken for catarrh, coughs, and lung trouble. Delaware-Okl Respiratory aid. PETASITES PALMATA Coltsfoot Compound containing plant taken for catarrh, coughs, and lung trouble. Karok Panacea. PETASITES PALMATA Coltsfoot, sweet Plant used for sickly babies. . . . . . . . . . .. Karok Pediatric aid. PETASITES PALMATA Coltsfoot, sweet Plant used for sickly babies. . . . . . . . . . . Menominee Dermatological aid. Coltsfoot, sweet Decoction of root used to cure the itch. Tainarna Inds Antirheumatic - Int. Coltsfoot Plant used for diseases from rheumatism to tuberculosis. Tainarna Inds Misc disease remedy. Coltsfoot Plant used for diseases from rheumatism to tuberculosis. Tainarna Inds Tuberculosis remedy. Coltsfoot Plant used for diseases from rheumatism to tuberculosis. Tlingit Dermatological aid. NARDOSMIA PALMATA Coltsfoot Compound containing plant used to treat sores. Peteria scoparia Fabaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Cold infusion of root used by family to protect hogan and livestock. Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Plant used as lotion for injury inflicted by porcupine. . ...... . Navaho-Ramah Misc disease remedy. Compound infusion of tops taken for influenza and protection from witches. Navaho-Ramah Veterinary aid. Smoke from dried tops inhaled by sheep for cough. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Witchcraft medicine. Compound infusion of tops taken for influenza and protection from witches. Petroselinum crispum Apiaceae Cherokee Abortifacient. Parsley Infusion of top and root taken as an abortive, for "female obstructions." Cherokee Gynecological aid. Parsley Infusion taken by "lying-in women whose discharges are too scant." . Cherokee Kidney aid. Parsley Infusion of top and root taken for kidneys, "dropsy," and for bladder. Cherokee Urinary aid. Parsley Infusion of top and root taken for kidneys, "dropsy," and for bladder.

332

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Genera

(21:338) (62:229) (62:229) (38:154) (30:94) (34:49) (34:49) (34:49) (34:49) (34:49) (34:49) (16:395) (16:395) (16:395) · (77:30,31) · (77:30,31) · (77:30,31) (58:390) (58:390) (61:31) (59:329) (59:329) (59:329) (43:284) (84:33) (84:33) (84:33) (84:33) (84:33) (35:47) (35:47) (35:47) (35:47)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Petroselinum

Table 1: Genera - Apiaceae Micmac Urinary aid. PETROSELINUM SATIVUM Parsley Herb used to treat "cold in the bladder." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (15:58) Phacelia califomica Hydrophyllaceae Costanoan Febrifuge. . (5:13) Decoction of root used for fevers. . . . . . . . Kawaiisu Cold remedy. Phacelia, California (92:48) Infusion of roots taken for coughs and colds. Kawaiisu Cough medicine. Phacelia, California (92:48) Infusion of roots taken for coughs and colds. Kawaiisu Gast-intestinal aid. Phacelia, California (92:48) Infusion of roots taken for stomach problems. Kawaiisu Stimulant. Phacelia, California (92:48) Infusion of roots taken when weak and not feeling good. Phacelia hastata Hydrophyllaceae Thompson Ind Gynecological aid. PHACELIA LEUCOPHYLLA Phacelia (71:470) Decoction of plant taken as a remedy for difficult menstruation. Phacelia linearis Hydrophyllaceae Shuswap Cold remedy. Mint (47:64) Infusion of plant taken for a bad cold. Phacelia purshii Hydrophyllaceae Cherokee Antirheumatic - Ext. Phacelia, common (35:49) Plant used as a poultice for swollen joints. Phacelia ramosissima Hydrophyllaceae Kawaiisu Emetic. Phacelia, branching (92:48) Decoction of roots taken to cause vomiting to clear the "bad stomach." Kawaiisu Gast-intestinal aid. Phacelia, branching (92:48) Decoction of roots taken to cause vomiting to clear the "bad stomach." Kawaiisu Venereal aid. Phacelia, branching (92:48) Decoction of roots taken for gonorrhea. Phacelia sp. Hydrophyllaceae Thompson Ind Unspecified. PHACELIA MENZIESII Decoction of plant used medicinally for unspecified purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (71:468) Phaseolus acutifolius Fabaceae Papago Toothache remedy. Bean, wild (12:65) Plant bitten and held between teeth to relieve toothache. (13:65) Plant held between the teeth for toothaches. . . . . . . . . Philadelphus lewisii Saxifragaceae Snohomish Dermatological aid. PHILADELPHUS GORDON IAN US Mock orange Soapy lather from bruised leaves rubbed on sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (34:31) Phlox austromontana Polemoniaceae Navaho-Kayenta Toothache remedy. (91:38) Crushed plant placed in cavity for toothaches. Phlox longifolia Polemoniaceae Paiute Cathartic. Phlox, wild (81:115) Decoction of root taken as a physic. . . . . . . . . Paiute Eye medicine. Phlox, wild (81:115) Infusion or decoction of root used as an eyewash. Paiute Gast-intestinal aid. Phlox, wild (81:115) Decoction of root given for children's stomachaches. Paiute Pediatric aid. Phlox, wild (81:115) Decoction of root given for children's stomachaches. Paiute Venereal aid. Phlox, wild (81:115) Decoction of root taken for venereal disease. Shoshone Antidiarrheal. Phlox, wild (81:115) Infusion of mashed root taken to stop diarrhea. Shoshone Eye medicine. Phlox, wild (81:115) Infusion or decoction of root used as an eyewash. Shoshone Gast-intestinal aid. Phlox, wild (81:115) Decoction of entire plant taken as a remedy for stomach disorders. (81:115) Infusion of root given for children's stomachaches. Shoshone Pediatric aid. Phlox, wild (81:115) Infusion of root given for children's stomachaches. Washoe Eye medicine. Phlox, wild (81:115) Infusion or decoction of root used as an eyewash. Phlox maculata Polemoniaceae Cherokee Dietary aid. Sweet william (35:58) Infusion of root used as a wash to make children grow and fatten. Cherokee Pediatric aid. Sweet william (35:58) Infusion of root used as a wash to make children grow and fatten. Petroselinum sp.

Genera

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333

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Phlox

Table 1: Genera - Phlox multiflora Polemoniaceae Cheyenne Stimulant. Infusion of smashed leaves and flowers taken as a stimulant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (33:184) Phlox pilosa Polemoniaceae Fox Blood medicine. Phlox, downy Infusion of leaves used as wash for eczema; taken to cure and purify blood. (62:235) Fox Dermatological aid. Phlox, downy Infusion of leaves used as wash for eczema; taken to cure and purify blood. (62:235) Fox Love medicine. Phlox, downy Compound containing root used as a love medicine. .............. (62:235) Phlox stansburyi Polemoniaceae Hopi Other. Infusion used to keep grasshoppers, rabbits and pack rats from eating corn. (91:38) Navaho-Kayenta Other. Infusion used to keep grasshoppers, rabbits and pack rats from eating corn. (91:38) Navaho-Ramah Contraceptive. Decoction of leaves taken during menstruation as a contraceptive. (84:40) Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Decoction of leaves used as a lotion for sores. (84:40) Navaho-Ramah Disinfectant. (84:40) Plant used as a fumigant for "deer infection." Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. (84:40) Decoction of leaves taken during pregnancy to insure birth of female baby. (84:40) Decoction of leaves taken to facilitate delivery of placenta. . . . . . . . . . Phlox subulata Polemoniaceae Mahuna Antirheumatic - Int. Moss pink, American Plant used for rheumatism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (55:59) Phoradendron califomicum Loranthaceae Pima Cathartic. Mistletoe (17:82) Decoction of berries taken for stomachaches and as a purge. Pima Dermatological aid. Mistletoe (17:82) Infusion of plant used as a wash for sores. . . . . . . . . . . . Pima Gast-intestinal aid. Mistletoe (17:82) Decoction of berries taken for stomachaches and as a purge. Phoradendron flavescens Loranthaceae Creek Pulmonary aid. Mistletoe (75:659) Compounds containing leaves & branches used for lung trouble and consumption. Creek Pulmonary aid. Mistletoe, American (79:20) Leaves and branches used for lung troubles. . ..................... . Creek Tuberculosis remedy. Mistletoe (75:659) Compounds containing leaves & branches used for lung trouble and consumption. Houma Other. Mistletoe (68:58) Decoction of plant taken to relieve debility and paralytic weakness. . Houma Panacea. Mistletoe (68:58) Decoction of plant said to be good for sickness in general; a panacea. Kawaiisu Abortifacient. Mistletoe, Douglas oak (92:49) Infusion of plant taken first two months of pregnancy to cause an abortion. Kawaiisu Antirheumatic - Ext. Mistletoe, Douglas oak (92:49) Infusion of plant used as a wash on limbs affected by rheumatism. Mendocino Ind Abortifacient. Mistletoe (16:344) Infusion of roots taken for abortions. Mendocino Ind Poison. Mistletoe (16:344) Plant is poisonous. . . . . . . Mendocino Ind Toothache remedy. Mistletoe (16:344) Root chewed for toothaches. . . . . . . . . Porno Abortifacient. PHORADENDRON VILLOSUM Mistletoe, common (27:13) Decoction of leaves taken to bring on delayed menstruation. Phoradendron J'uniperinum Loranthaceae Hopi Gast-intestinal aid. Mistletoe, juniper . (88:34,72) Plant used as "medicine for the stomach." ................ . Hopi Witchcraft medicine. Mistletoe, juniper (88:72) Plant used as "medicine for the stomach and bad medicine of wizards." Navaho Dermatological aid. Mistletoe (38:162) Plant used for warts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Mistletoe (84:23) Cold infusion taken to relieve distress caused by eating too much meat. Tewa Other. Mistletoe (54:47) Infusion of pulverized plant taken for "chill in the stomach." . . . . . . Zuni Gynecological aid. Mistletoe (72:55) Compound infusion of plant taken to promote muscular relaxation at birth. (72:55) Simple/compound infusion of twigs taken after childbirth to stop blood flow.

334

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Genera

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Phoradendron

Table 1: Genera - Phomdendron juniperinum Loranthaceae Zuni Hemostat. Mistletoe Simple/compound infusion of twigs taken after childbirth to stop blood flow. Phomdendron serotinum Loranthaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Mistletoe "Tea ooze" used to bathe head for headache; infusion for high blood pressure. Cherokee Anticonvulsive. Mistletoe Dried and pulverized plant "good for epilepsy or fits, best if from oak." Cherokee Gynecological aid. Mistletoe Hot infusion used as "medicine for pregnant women." ......... . Cherokee Hypotensive. Mistletoe "Tea ooze" used to bathe head for headache; infusion for high blood pressure. Cherokee Love medicine. Mistletoe Infusion taken after vomiting for four days, to cure "lovesickness." . . . . . . Phoradendron sp. Loranthaceae Hopi Unspecified. Mistletoe Plant growing on cottonwood used medicinally for unspecified purpose. Navaho Dermatological aid. PHORADENDRON LIGATUM Trelease Plant used for warts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Papago Analgesic. Mistletoe, creosote Bed of heated branches used by women to relieve menstrual cramps. Decoction of leaves taken for stomach and menstrual cramps. Decoction of leaves taken for stomach cramps and menstrual cramps. Papago Gast-intestinal aid. Mistletoe, creosote Decoction of leaves taken for stomach and menstrual cramps.

(72:55) (35:45) (35:45) (35:45) (35:45) (35:45) (88:72) (38:162) (12:65) (12:65) (12:65) (12:65) (13:65)

Papago Gynecological aid. Mistletoe, creosote Decoction of leaves taken for stomach and menstrual cramps. Decoction of leaves taken, bed of heated branches used for menstrual cramps. Phragmites communis Poaceae Apache Antidiarrheal. Reed, common Root used for stomach troubles, diarrhea and kindred diseases. Apache Gast-intestinal aid. Reed, common Root used for stomach troubles, diarrhea and kindred diseases. Paiute Analgesic. Reed, common Sugary sap taken by pneumonia patients to loosen phlegm and soothe lung pain. Paiute Expectorant. Reed, common Sugary sap taken by pneumonia patients to loosen phlegm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Pulmonary aid. Reed, common Sugary sap taken by pneumonia patients to loosen phlegm and soothe lung pain. Phragmites sp. Poaceae Iroquois Other. PHRAGMITES AUSTRALIS Reed, common Compound used as a "corn medicine." No preparation indicated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Phryma leptostachya Phrymaceae Chippewa Throat aid. Lopseed Decoction of root gargled or root chewed for sore throat. S Ojibwa Antirheumatic - Int. Lopseed Decoction of root taken for rheumatic leg pains. Phyllospadix torreyi Zosteraceae Kwakiutl Pediatric aid. Sea grass Leaves placed in the bottom of child's cradle to make him grow strong. Kwakiutl Strengthener. Sea grass Leaves placed in the bottom of child's cradle to make him grow strong. Physalis heterophylla Solanaceae Fox Unspecified. Ground cherry, clammy Root used as a medicine, no specific use noted. . ................. . Iroquois Burn dressing. Ground cherry, clammy Compound infusion of dried leaves & roots used as wash for scalds and burns. Iroquois Emetic. Ground cherry, clammy Compound infusion of leaves and roots taken to vomit for bad stomachaches. Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Ground cherry, clammy Compound infusion of leaves and roots taken to vomit for bad stomachaches. Iroquois Venereal aid. Ground cherry, clammy Compound infusion of dried leaves & roots used as wash for venereal disease. Physalis lanceolata Solanaceae Omaha Analgesic. Ground cherry, prairie Decoction of root used for headache and for stomach trouble. Omaha Dermatological aid. Ground cherry, prairie Root used as a dressing for wounds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Omaha Gast-intestinal aid. Ground cherry, prairie Decoction of root used for stomach trouble and for headache.

Genera

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(13:65) (12:65) (53:159) (53:159) (81:116) (81:116) (81:116) (37:273) (21:342) (39:201) (82:274) (82:274) (62:247) (37:430) (37:430) (37:430) (37:430) (30:113) (30:113) (30:113)

335

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Physalis

Table 1: Genera -PhY8alis lanceolata Solanaceae Omaha Unspecified. Ground cherry, prairie (30:113) Root used in smoke treatment for unspecified ailments. Ponca Analgesic. Ground cherry, prairie (30:113) Decoction of root used for headache and for stomach trouble. Ponca Dermatological aid. Ground cherry, prairie (30:113) Root used as a dressing for wounds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ponca Gast-intestinal aid. Ground cherry, prairie (30:113) Decoction of root used for stomach trouble and for headache. Ponca Unspecified. Ground cherry, prairie Root used in smoke treatment for unspecified ailments. (30:113) Winnebago Analgesic. Ground cherry, prairie Decoction of root used for headache and for stomach trouble. (30:113) Winnebago Dermatological aid. Ground cherry, prairie Root used as a dressing for wounds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (30:113) Winnebago Gast-intestinal aid. Ground cherry, prairie Decoction of root used for stomach trouble and for headache. (30:113) Winnebago Unspecified. Ground cherry, prairie Root used in smoke treatment for unspecified ailments. (30:113) PhY8alis maritima Solanaceae Omaha Dermatological aid. PHYSALIS VISCORA Ground cherry, large bladder Root used to dress wounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (25:584) PhY8alis pubescens Solanaceae Navaho-Ramah Other. Ground cherry Dried leaves and root used as "life medicine." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:43) PhY8alis sp. Solanaceae Kiowa Misc disease remedy. PHYSALIS LOBATA Ground cherry, purple flower Decoction of roots taken or poultice of pounded roots applied for grippe. . . . . . . . . . . (85:50) PhY8alis virginiana Solanaceae Fox Stimulant. Ground cherry Infusion of whole plant taken to cure dizziness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (62:247,248) PhY8aria chambersii Brassicaceae Paiute Eye medicine. Twinpod Infusion/decoction of various plant parts as a wash for sore eyes or sties. (81:116) Shoshone Eye medicine. Twinpod Infusion/decoction of various plant parts as a wash for sore eyes and sties. (81:116) PhY8aria didymocarpa Brassicaceae Blackfeet Analgesic. Bladderpod, double Plant chewed for sore throat, cramps, and stomach trouble. . (45:274) Blackfeet Dermatological aid. Bladderpod, double Infusion of plant used to allay swelling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (45:274) Blackfeet Gast-intestinal aid. Bladderpod, double Plant chewed for cramps, stomach trouble, and sore throat. (45:274) Blackfeet Throat aid. Bladderpod, double Plant chewed for sore throat, cramps, and stomach trouble. (45:274) PhY8aria newberryi Brassicaceae Hopi Antidote. Plant taken as an antidote after the snake dance. (24:16) Hopi Ceremonial medicine. (24:16) Plant taken as an antidote after the snake dance. Navaho Respiratory aid. Bladderpod, double (23:49) Plant used as a snuff for catarrh. . . . . . . . . . . PhY80carpus capitatus Rosaceae Green River Emetic. Ninebark (34:33) Young shoots, peeled of bark, used as an emetic. Kwakiutl Cathartic. Ninebark (82:289) Root extract used as a purgative. . . . . . . Kwakiutl Emetic. Ninebark (82:289) Decoction of bark taken to induce vomiting. Kwakiutl Laxative. Ninebark (82:289) Decoction of bark taken for constipation. Kwakiutl Misc disease remedy. Nine.bark (82:289) Root extract used for locomotor ataxia. PhY80carpus opulifolius Rosaceae Bella Coola Analgesic. Ninebark (60:59) Decoction of inner bark taken as emetic by "persons dizzy with pain." Bella Coola Emetic. Ninebark (60:59) Decoction of inner bark taken as an emetic by persons "dizzy with pain." Bella Coola Laxative. Ninebark (60:59) Decoction of inner bark taken as laxative for gonorrhea. . . . . . . . . . . .

336

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Genera

Physocarpus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Physocarpus opulifolius Rosaceae

Bella Coola Tuberculosis remedy. Ninebark Decoction of inner bark taken, & used as wash, for scrofulous glands in neck. (60:59) Bella Coola Venereal aid. Ninebark Decoction of inner bark taken, and used as wash, for gonorrhea. (60:59) Chippewa Emetic. Ninebark Infusion of roots taken as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (31:132) Iroquois Gynecological aid. Ninebark (37:349) Poultice used when women swell after copulation; caused by bad medicine. Menominee Gynecological aid. Ninebark Drink from bark for female maladies; to cleanse system, enhance fertility. (61:49) S Carrier Cathartic. Ninebark Decoction of bark taken as an emetic and as a purgative; large dose fatal. (60:59) S Carrier Emetic. Ninebark Decoction of bark taken as an emetic and as a purgative; large dose fatal. (60:59) Physostegia paroifiora Lamiaceae Fox Cold remedy. Dragonhead, false Infusion of leaves taken for bad cold. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (62:226) Phytolacca americana Phytolaccaceae Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Pokeweed (35:50) Infusion of berry taken for arthritis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Roots & berries used for rheumatism; also, berry wine relieves rheumatism. (35:50) Cherokee Blood medicine. Pokeweed Cooked greens eaten or infusion of root taken to build the blood. (35:50) Cherokee Dermatological aid. Pokeweed Poultice used for ulcers & swellings; also, infusion of root used for eczema. (35:50) Salve used on "ulcerous sores;" dried, crushed roots sprinkled on old sores. (35:50) Cherokee Febrifuge. Pokeweed (35:50) Poultice used for "nervous fevers, ulcers, and swellings." Cherokee Kidney aid. Pokeweed Cold infusion of powdered root taken for kidneys. (35:50) Cherokee Other. Pokeweed (35:50) Compound used for "white swelling." ...... . Delaware-Okl Antirheumatic - Ext. PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA Poke Strong infusion of roots or twigs used as herbal steam to treat rheumatism. · (77:30,78) Delaware-Okl Antirheumatic - Int. PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA Poke Compound containing root used as a remedy for rheumatism. · (77:27,78) Delaware-Okl Blood medicine. PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA Poke Compound containing root used as a stimulant and blood purifier. · (77:27,78) Delaware-Okl Herbal steam. PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA Poke (77:30) Infusion of roots or twigs used as herbal steam to treat rheumatism. Delaware-Okl Stimulant. PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA Poke (77:27,78) Compound containing root used as a stimulant and blood purifier. Iroquois Cathartic. Pokeweed (37:316) Plant used as an expectorant, emetic, cathartic and for bewitchment. Iroquois Cold remedy. Pokeweed (37:317) Decoction of stems taken for chest colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Dermatological aid. Pokeweed (37:316) Compound with un dried roots applied as a salve on bunions. (37:316) Poultice of crushed roots applied to bruises. (37:316) Raw berries rubbed on skin lumps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Emetic. Pokeweed (37:316) Plant used as an expectorant, emetic, cathartic and for bewitchment. Iroquois Expectorant. Pokeweed (37:316) Plant used as an expectorant, emetic, cathartic and for bewitchment. Iroquois Liver aid. Pokeweed (37:317) Compound infusion of whole roots used for liver sickness. . . . . . . . Iroquois Love medicine. Pokeweed (37:316) "Tie in a poplar tree, then place among roots." Used as a love medicine. Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Pokeweed (37:316) Decoction of roots applied as poultice to sprains, bruises & swollen joints. Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Pokeweed (37:316) Plant used as an expectorant, emetic, cathartic and for bewitchment. Mahuna Analgesic. PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA Ink berry, American (55:65) Roots used for severe neuralgic pains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mahuna Dermatological aid. PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA Ink berry, American (55:65) Leaves used for skin diseases or to remove pimples and blackheads. Mahuna Poison. PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA Ink berry, American (55:65) Plant is poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Micmac Hemostat. PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA Poke, pigeon berry (15:59) Leaves used to treat a bleeding wound.

Genera

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337

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Phytolacca

Table 1: Genera -Phytolacca americana Phytolaccaceae Mohegan Gynecological aid. PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA Poke Poultice of mashed berries applied to sore breasts. Mohegan Poison. PHYTOLACCA DECANDRA Poke Root considered poisonous. . . . . . .. Rappahannock Antidiarrheal. Pokeweed Infusion of berries taken for dysentery. . . . . Rappahannock Antirheumatic - Int. Pokeweed Fermented infusion of leaves taken for rheumatism. Rappahannock Dermatological aid. Pokeweed Compound infusion with roots applied to ivy poison. Mashed root poultice applied to wart until it bleeds. Rappahannock Hemorrhoid remedy. Pokeweed Steam from decoction of roots used for piles. . . . . . Picea abies Pinaceae Mohegan Analgesic. Spruce, Norway Poultice of sap or gum applied for pain of boils and abscesses. Mohegan Dermatological aid. Spruce, Norway Sap or gum applied to relieve the pain of boils or abscesses. Picea edulis Pinaceae Navaho Ceremonial medicine. Pinon Needles used in the medicine for the "War Dance." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Picea engelmannii Pinaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. PICEA ENGELMANNI Spruce, Engelmann Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Emetic. PICEA ENGELMANNI Spruce, Engelmann Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. PICEA ENGELMANNI Twig ashes mixed with grease used as an ointment or salve. Picea glauca Pinaceae Chippewa Antirheumatic - Ext. PICEA CANADENSIS Spruce, white Compound decoction of twigs used as herbal steam for rheumatism. Menominee Dermatological aid. PICEA CANADENSIS Spruce, white Poultice of cooked, beaten inner bark applied to wounds, cuts, or swellings. Menominee Other. PICEA CANADENSIS Spruce, white Infusion of inner bark taken for "inward troubles for either man or woman." Micmac Dermatological aid. PICEA CANADENSIS Gum used to treat scabs and sores; also, stems used to treat scurvy. Micmac Gast-intestinal aid. PICEA CANADENSIS Parts of plant used to treat stomach trouble. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Micmac Misc disease remedy. PICEA CANADENSIS Gum used to treat scabs and sores; also, stems used to treat scurvy. Montagnais Tonic. PICEA CANADENSIS Spruce, white Infusion of twigs taken "for generally beneficial effects." . . . . . . . Nunivak Eskimo Dermatological aid. PICEA CANADENSIS Spruce, white Resin applied to wounds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Nunivak Eskimo Panacea. PICEA CANADENSIS Spruce, white Infusion of needles used as a medicine for all purposes. Ojibwa Disinfectant. PICEA CANADENSIS Spruce, white Dried leaves used as an inhalant and fumigator. Shuswap Dermatological aid. Spruce, white Poultice of soft pitch applied to sores. . . . . . . Shuswap Panacea. Spruce, white Decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis and other sickness. Shuswap Toothache remedy. Spruce, white Hard pitch chewed to clean the teeth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shuswap Tuberculosis remedy. Spruce, white Decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis and other sickness. W. Eskimo Cough medicine. Spruce, white Decoction of green needles taken or raw needles chewed as cough medicine. W. Eskimo Cough medicine. Decoction of needles taken or raw needles chewed as a cough medicine. Picea mariana Pinaceae Montagnais Cough medicine. Spruce, black Decoction of twigs taken for coughs. Ojibwa Stimulant. Spruce, black Leaves used as a reviver; also, bark used as a medicinal salt. Ojibwa Unspecified. Spruce, black Bark used as a medicinal salt for unspecified purpose. Potawatomi Dermatological aid. Spruce, black Poultice of inner bark applied to inflammations which are infected.

338

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Genera

(78:74,130) (78:74) (69:29) (69:29) (69:29) (69:29) (69:29) ..

(78:74)

(78:74,130) (23:21) (84:12) (84:12) (71:475) (21:362) (61:45) (61:45) (15:59) (15:59) (15:59) (66:314) (59:325) (59:325) (63:379) (47:51) (47:51) (47:51) (47:51) . (46:28,29) (44:24) (66:314) (63:379) (63:379) (64:70)

Picea

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Picea mariana Pinaceae Potawatomi Disinfectant. Spruce, black Poultice of inner bark applied to infected inflammations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Picea rubens Pinaceae Cherokee Cold remedy. Spruce, red Infusion of bough taken for colds; also, taken to break out measles. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Spruce, red Infusion of bough taken for colds; also, taken to break out measles. Montagnais Pulmonary aid. Spruce, red Compound decoction of bark taken for lung and throat trouble. Montagnais Throat aid. Spruce, red Compound decoction of bark taken for lung and throat trouble. Picea sitchensis Pinaceae Bella Coola Analgesic. Spruce, tideland Decoction of cones taken for pain; also, bark used as steam bed for backache. Bella Coola Antirheumatic - Ext. Spruce, tideland Poultice of compound containing gum applied to the arms for rheumatism. Steam bed of ripe cones or bark on hot stones used by rheumatics. Bella Coola Burn dressing. Spruce, tideland "Branches used to whip a burned arm or leg until the blood came." Bella Coola Dermatological aid. Spruce, tideland Gum applied to "small cuts, broken skin, and suppurating sores." Bella Coola Diuretic. Spruce, tideland Decoction of gum taken as a diuretic for gonorrhea. . ...... . Bella Coola Heart medicine. Spruce, tideland Poultice of compound containing gum applied to the chest for heart trouble. Bella Coola Laxative. Spruce, tideland Sap from peeled trunk taken in large doses as a laxative. Bella Coola Venereal aid. Spruce, tideland Compound decoction of tips of small spruces taken for gonorrhea. Decoction of gum taken as a diuretic for gonorrhea. . ...... . Gitksan Antirheumatic - Int. Spruce, tideland Compound decoction of twigs with leaves and bark taken for rheumatism. Gitksan Tuberculosis remedy. Spruce, tideland Compound containing gum taken before meals for consumption. Kwakiutl Analgesic. Spruce, sitka Head struck with branches until it bled for headaches. Kwakiutl Antidiarrheal. Spruce, sitka Decoction of roots used for diarrhea. . . . . . . . Kwakiutl Antidiarrheal. Compound decoction of roots taken for diarrhea. Kwakiutl Cold remedy. Spruce, sitka Bud extract taken for coughs and colds. Kwakiutl Cough medicine. Spruce, sitka Bud extract or pitch and grease taken for coughs. Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Spruce, sitka Poultice of pitch applied to boils, swellings, cuts and abrasions. Kwakiutl Disinfectant. Spruce, sitka Branches in house of sick person to prevent anything unclean from entering. Kwakiutl Kidney aid. Spruce, sitka Compound poultice of boiled root bark applied to woman's kidney swellings. KwakiutlOther. Spruce, sitka Branch tips rubbed to cleanse person contaminated with menstrual blood. Makah Blood medicine. Spruce, sitka Decoction of plants used to "take out bad blood" and as a strengthening bath. Makah Dermatological aid. Spruce, sitka Compound poultice of ashes applied to infant's navel. Makah Pediatric aid. Spruce, sitka Compound poultice of ashes applied to infant's navel. Makah Strengthener. Spruce, sitka Decoction of plants used to "take out bad blood" and as a strengthening bath. Quinault Dermatological aid. Spruce, sitka Poultice of gum applied to cuts and wounds. Quinault Throat aid. Spruce, sitka Infusion of inner bark taken for throat problems. S Carrier Analgesic. Spruce, tideland Decoction of new shoots and bark taken for pain in the stomach. S Carrier Eye medicine. Spruce, tideland Gum from new shoots and small branches placed in the eyes for snow blindness. S Carrier Gast-intestinal aid. Spruce, tideland . Decoction of new shoots and bark taken for stomach pain. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Genera

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.

(64:70) (35:57) (35:57) (66:315) (66:315)

(60:51,52) (60:51,52) (60:51,52) (60:51,52) (60:51,52) (60:51,52) (60:51,52) (60:51,52) (60:51,52) (60:51,52) (60:51,52) (60:51,52) (82:269) (82:269) (82:264) (82:269) (82:269) (82:269) (82:269) (82:269) (82:269) (34:17) (34:17) (34:17) (34:17) (34:17) (34:17) (60:51,52) (60:51,52) (60:51,52)

339

Picea

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Picea sitchensis Pinaceae Sikani Cough medicine. Spruce, tideland Inner bark chewed for a cough. · (60:51,52) Tlingit Toothache remedy. Compound containing warmed seeds used to treat toothache. (43:284) Tlingit Venereal aid. (43:284) Compound poultice of sap applied for syphilis. . . . . . . . . . Picea sp. Pinaceae Iroquois Antirheumatic - Ext. Compound decoction applied to parts affected by rheumatism. · (37:26~ Iroquois Antirheumatic - Int. Compound decoction taken for colds, coughs, and rheumatism. · (37:268) Iroquois Cold remedy. Compound decoction or infusion of plants taken for colds. . . . · (37:268) Iroquois Cough medicine. Compound decoction taken for colds, coughs, and rheumatism. · (37:268) Iroquois Dermatological aid. Gum is applied to ingrown nails and cuts. Also a chewing gum. · (37:268) Iroquois Emetic. Infusion taken for colds and to vomit in the spring. · (37:268) Micmac Cough medicine. PICEA NIGRA Spruce, black Bark used as a cough remedy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (15:59) Micmac Dermatological aid. PICEA ALBA Spruce, white Bark used to prepare a salve for cuts and wounds. (15:59) Micmac Mise disease remedy. PICEA ALBA Spruce, white Bark, leaves, and stems used to treat scurvy. . . . . . (15:59) Navaho Ceremonial medicine. Plant used for "Shooting, Witch, Lightning and Night Chant" ceremonies. (23:21) Ojibwa Analgesic. PICEA NIGRA Spruce, black Infusion of roots and bark used for stomach pain, fainting, trembling & fits. · (52:244) Ojibwa Anticonvulsive. PICEA NIGRA Spruce, black Infusion of roots and bark used for stomach pain, fainting, trembling & fits. · (52:244) Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. PICEA NIGRA Spruce, black Infusion of roots and bark used for stomach pain, fainting, trembling & fits. · (52:244) Penobscot Dermatological aid. Poultice of soft gum or pine pitch applied to boils and abcesses. . . . . . . . · (66:309) Pilea pumila Urticaceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Rich weed Stems rubbed between the toes for itching. . . . . . . · (35:52,53) Cherokee Dietary aid. Rich weed Infusion given to children to reduce excessive hunger. · (35:52,53) Cherokee Pediatric aid. Rich weed Infusion given to children to reduce excessive hunger. · (35:52,53) Iroquois Respiratory aid. Clearweed "Squeeze water out of stem and inhale for sinus problems." (37:308) Pimpinella anisum Apiaceae Cherokee Respiratory aid. Anise Infusion of half a teaspoonful in a cup of hot water taken for catarrh. .. (35:23) Delaware-Ok! Cathartic. Anise Root used as a cathartic and stomach tonic. · (77:28,78) Delaware-Okl Gast-intestinal aid. Anise Root used as a cathartic and stomach tonic. (77:28) Delaware-Okl Tonic. Anise Root used as a cathartic and stomach tonic. (77:28) Pinus aristata Pinaceae Shoshone Dermatological aid. Pine, bristlecone Poultice of heated pitch applied to sores and boils. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (81:117) Pinus banksiana Pinaceae Menominee Unspecified. Pine, jack Every part of tree used as a medicine; preparation and uses not divulged. (61:45) Ojibwa Anticonvulsive. Pine, northern scrub Plant used for fainting and fits. (52:244) Ojibwa Stimulant. Pine, jack Leaves used as a reviver. (63:379) Ojibwa Stimulant. Pine, northern scrub Plant used for fainting and fits. (52:244) Potawatomi Dermatological aid. Pine, jack Pitch from boiled cones used as an ointment for unspecified ailment. (64:70) Potawatomi Pulmonary aid. Pine, jack Leaves used as a fumigant to clear congested lungs. . . . . . . . . . . . (64:70)

340

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Genera

Pinus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Pinus bo:nktiiana Pinaceae Potawatomi Stimulant. Pine, jack Leaves used as a fumigant to revive a comatose patient. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (64:70) Pinus canadensis Pinaceae Tlingit Antidiarrheal. Sap mixed with mountain goat tallow used to treat diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (43:283) Pinus contorta Pinaceae Alaskan Eskimo Cold remedy. Pine, lodgepole Juice taken for coughs and colds. (59:331) Alaskan Eskimo Cough medicine. Pine, lodgepole Juice taken for coughs and colds. (59:331) Alaskan Eskimo Unspecified. Pine, lodgepole Sap used as a medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . (59:331) Bella Coola Antirheumatic - Ext. Pine, scrub Compound containing gum used as poultice on arms for rheumatism. . (60:49,50) Bella Coola Dermatological aid. Pine, scrub Gum applied to cuts; also, chewed gum applied to broken skin. . (60:49,50) Bella Coola Heart medicine. Pine, scrub Compound containing gum used as poultice on chest for heart trouble. . (60:49,50) Bella Coola Tuberculosis remedy. Pine, scrub Decoction of gum taken for consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (60:49,50) Gitksan Blood medicine. Pine, scrub Inner bark eaten as a blood purifier; also, used as a cathartic. . (60:49,50) Gitksan Cathartic. Pine, scrub Needles or inner bark eaten, or decoction of inner bark taken, as purgative. . (60:49,50) Gitksan Diuretic. Pine, scrub Needles eaten or decoction of inner bark taken as a purgative and a diuretic. . (60:49,50) Gitksan Tuberculosis remedy. Pine, scrub Decoction of inner bark taken for consumption; also, taken for gonorrhea. . (60:49,50) Gitksan Venereal aid. Pine, scrub Decoction of inner bark taken for gonorrhea; for other "serious ailments." . (60:49,50) Kwakiutl Cough medicine. Pine, lodgepole Decoction of buds and pitch taken for stomachaches and coughs. (82:269) Kwakiutl Gast-intestinal aid. Pine, lodgepole Decoction of buds and pitch taken for stomachaches and coughs. (82:269) N Carrier Dermatological aid. Pine, scrub Compound decoction of needle tips taken for paralysis and for sores on body. . (60:49,50) N Carrier Eye medicine. Pine, scrub Gum painted on eye "to remove white scum" and cure snow blindness. . . . (60:49,50) N Carrier Orthopedic aid. Pine, scrub Compound decoction of needle tips taken for paralysis, weakness, or sores. . (60:49,50) N Carrier Stimulant. Pine, scrub Compound decoction of needle tips taken for constitutional weakness. . (60:49,50) Okanagan Cold remedy. Pine, scrub Gum used for coughs, colds and sore throats. (48:40) Okanagan Cough medicine. Pine, scrub Gum used for coughs, colds and sore throats. (48:40) Okanagan Orthopedic aid. Pine, scrub Decoction of bark gum and fat rubbed on the body for muscle and joint aches. (48:40) Okanagan Throat aid. Pine, scrub Gum used for coughs, colds and sore throats. (48:40) Quinault Dermatological aid. Pine, lodgepole Poultice of pitch applied to open sores. (34:17) Quinault Throat aid. Pine, lodgepole Buds are chewed for sore throats. (34: 17) S Carrier Analgesic. Pine, scrub Decoction of new shoots taken for pain in the stomach. . (60:49,50) S Carrier Gast-intestinal aid. Pine, scrub Decoction of new shoots taken for stomach pain. (60:49,50) Shuswap Cough medicine. Pine, lodgepole Infusion of inner bark taken for coughs and tuberculosis. (47:51) Shuswap Tuberculosis remedy. Pine, lodgepole Infusion of inner bark taken for coughs and tuberculosis. (47:51) Sikani Cough medicine. Pine, scrub Pitch chewed and saliva swallowed for a cough. . (60:49,50) Thompson Ind Analgesic. Pine, shore Salve of boiled sap mixed with grease applied for rheumatism and other pains. (71:461) Thompson Ind Antirheumatic - Ext. Pine, shore Salve of boiled sap mixed with grease applied for rheumatism and other pains. (71:461) Thompson Ind Cold remedy. Pine, scrub Gum used for coughs, colds and sore throats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (48:40)

Genera

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341

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Pinus

Table 1: Genera -Pinus contorta Pinaceae Thompson Ind Cold remedy. Pine, shore Salve of boiled sap mixed with grease used to treat colds. Thompson Ind Cough medicine. Pine, scrub Gum used for coughs, colds and sore throats. . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Cough medicine. Pine, shore Salve of boiled sap and grease used to treat coughs, colds, and sore throats. Thompson Ind Disinfectant. Pine, shore Salve of resin with animal fat applied to body as a purifier after sweatbath. Thompson Ind Orthopedic aid. Pine, scrub Decoction of bark gum and fat rubbed on the body for muscle and joint aches. Thompson Ind Orthopedic aid. Pine, shore Salve of boiled sap and grease applied for soreness in muscles and joints. Thompson Ind Pulmonary aid. Pine, shore Salve of boiled sap and grease applied to back & chest to relieve congestion. Thompson Ind Throat aid. Pine, scrub Gum used for coughs, colds and sore throats. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Throat aid. Pine, shore Salve of boiled sap and grease used to treat coughs, colds, and sore throats. Pinus echinata Pinaceae Choctaw Anthelmintic. Pine, shortleaf Cold infusion of buds taken for worms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nanticoke Analgesic. Pine, yellow "Pellets of tar" considered "beneficial for soreness of the back." Nanticoke Cathartic. Pine, yellow "Pellets of tar" used as a cathartic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nanticoke Orthopedic aid. Pine, yellow "Pellets of tar" considered "beneficial for soreness of the back." Rappahannock Dermatological aid. Pine, long tag Compound infusion or decoction of top branches used as wash for swellings. Rappahannock Emetic. Pine, long tag Compound with grated dried bark taken to induce vomiting. . . . . . . . . . Rappahannock Veterinary aid. Pine, long tag Compound with dried bark fed to dogs with distemper to induce vomiting. Pinus edulis Pinaceae Apache Venereal aid. Pinon Leaves chewed for venereal diseases. . . . . . . . . . .. . Hopi Dermatological aid. Pinon Poultice of gum used to exclude air from cuts and sores. Hopi Disinfectant. Pinon Gum smoke used as disinfectant for family of dead person. Hopi Tuberculosis remedy. Pinon Plant used in unspecified manner for "consumption." . Hopi Witchcraft medicine. Pinon Gum applied to forehead as a protection from sorcery. Navaho Dermatological aid. Plant used for cuts and sores. Navaho Emetic. Pine, nut Resin used as an emetic. Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Pinon Compound decoction used for headache, cough, colds, influenza, and fever. Navaho-Ramah Burn dressing. Pinon Poultice of chewed buds applied to burns. . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Pinon Decoction of wood or needles used as ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Cold remedy. Pinon Compound decoction used for headache, cough, colds, influenza, and fever. Fumes from burning resin inhaled to cure headcold. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Navaho-Ramah Cough medicine. Pinon Compound decoction ,used for headache, cough, colds, influenza, and fever. Navaho-Ramah Ear medicine. Pinon Pulverized, dried buds used as fumigant for earache. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Pinon Decoction of wood or needles used as ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Febrifuge. Pinon Compound decoction used for headache, cough, colds, influenza, and fever. Navaho-Ramah Misc disease remedy. Pinon Compound decoction used for headache, cough, colds, influenza, and fever. Navaho-Ramah Other. Pinon Compound containing inner bark used to treat injuries. . . . . . . . . . . . .

342

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Genera

(71:461) (48:40) (71:461) (71:504) (48:40) (71:461) (71:461) (48:40) (71:461) . (79:5) (77:55) · (77:55,84) (77:55) (69:27) (69:27) (69:27) (53:159) (88:32) (88:63) · (88:35,63) (88:63) (23:97) (38:162) · (84:12,13) · (84:12,13) · (84:12,13) · (84:12,13) · (84:12,13) · (84:12,13) · (84:12,13) · (84:12,13) · (84:12,13) · (84:12,13) · (84:12,13)

Pinus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera

~ ~

Pinus edulis Pinaceae Tewa Dermatological aid. Pinon Resin applied to cuts and sores to keep out the air. Zuni Diaphoretic. Pinon Needles chewed and swallowed as a diaphoretic. Zuni Disinfectant. Pinon Powdered gum sprinkled on lanced groin swellings as an antiseptic. Zuni Diuretic. Pinon Needles eaten & infusion of twigs as a diuretic & diaphoretic for syphilis. Zuni Venereal aid. Pinon Needles eaten & infusion of twigs as a diuretic & diaphoretic for syphilis. Powdered gum sprinkled on scraped syphilitic ulcers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pinus jlexiJis Pinaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Pine, limber Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Cough medicine. Pine, limber Plant used as cough medicine. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Pine, limber Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Febrifuge. Pine, limber Plant used as medicine for fever. Navaho-Ramah Hunting medicine. Pine, limber Plant smoked by hunters for "good luck." Pinus glabra Pinaceae Cherokee Anthelmintic. Pine, spruce Taken as a gentle laxative; also, given for worms. Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Pine, spruce Bark chewed "to check bowels." . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Antirheumatic - Ext. Pine, spruce Syrup taken for chronic rheumatism; also, oil used to bathe painful joints. Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Pine, spruce Syrup taken for chronic rheumatism; also, oil used to bathe painful joints. Cherokee Cold remedy. Pine, spruce Infusion, steam, and oil used in various ways as cold remedy. . . . . . . . . Cherokee Cough medicine. Pine, spruce Syrup taken by pregnant women with cough; also, poultice for swollen breasts. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Pine, spruce Tar used as poultice on scaldhead, tetterworm, stone bruises, and ulcers. Cherokee Febrifuge. Pine, spruce Compound infusion of needles to "break out fever" and for "child-bed-fevers." . Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Pine, spruce Given for hysterics; also, taken for colics and gout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Gynecological aid. Pine, spruce Compound infusion of needles to "break out fever" and for "child-bed-fevers." . Syrup taken by pregnant women with cough; also, poultice for swollen breasts. Cherokee Hemorrhoid remedy. Pine, spruce Compound infusion of root taken for piles; also, taken as a stimulant. Cherokee Kidney aid. Pine, spruce Taken for "weak back or kidneys;" also, tar used for consumption. Cherokee Laxative. Pine, spruce Taken as a gentle laxative; also, given for worms. . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Pine, spruce Taken for gout and to break out measles; also, for complications from mumps. Cherokee Orthopedic aid. Pine, spruce Taken for "weak back or kidneys;" also, tar used for consumption. Cherokee Other. Pine, spruce Skim turpentine off root decoction, use on deer's skin for drawing plaster. Syrup used as poultice for swollen testicles caused by mumps. . . . . . . . Cherokee Respiratory aid. Pine, spruce Compound infusion of needles in apple juice taken by ball players "for wind." Syrup taken for "catarrh (ulcer of the lungs)." Cherokee Sedative. Pine, spruce Given for hysterics; also, taken for colics and gout. Cherokee Stimulant. Pine, spruce Compound infusion of root taken for piles; also, taken as a stimulant. Cherokee Tuberculosis remedy. Pine, spruce Taken for "weak back or kidneys;" also, tar used for consumption. Cherokee Venereal aid. Pine, spruce Syrup taken for chronic rheumatism; also, taken for venereal disease.

Genera

(54:41) · (72:57,58) · (72:57,58) · (72:57,58) · (72:57,58) · (72:57,58) (84:13) (84:13) (84:13) (84:13) (84:13) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49)

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343

Pinus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Pinus lambertiana Pinaceae Kawaiisu Carminative. Pine, sugar Dried sap powder eaten for stomach gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kawaiisu Eye medicine. Pine, sugar Powdered sap & milk used as drops for sore eyes; gives infants good eyes. Kawaiisu Laxative. Pine, sugar Dried sap powder eaten to loosen the bowels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kawaiisu Pediatric aid. Pine, sugar Powdered sap & milk used as drops for sore eyes; gives infants good eyes. Mendocino Ind Cathartic. Pine, sugar Plant used as a cathartic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . Pinus monophylla Pinaceae Gosiute Anthelmintic. Decoction of gum taken for worms or other intestinal parasites. Hopi Dermatological aid. Pinon Poultice of gum used to exclude air from cuts and sores. .. Hopi Disinfectant. Pinon Gum smoke used as disinfectant for family of dead person. Hopi Witchcraft medicine. Pinon Gum applied to forehead as a protection from sorcery. ... Kawaiisu Contraceptive. Pinon, one leaf Cooked pitch taken by women who wanted no more children. Kawaiisu Dermatological aid. Pinon, one leaf Pitch used as salve on cuts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kawaiisu Gynecological aid. Pinon, one leaf Cooked pitch taken by women to stop menstruation. Kawaiisu Pediatric aid. Pinon, one leaf Cooked pitch given to adolescent girls to keep youthful & increase lifespan. Paiute Analgesic. Pinon, singleleaf Poultice of heated resin applied for general muscular soreness. . . . . . . . . Paiute Antidiarrheal. Pinon, singleleaf Decoction of resin or simple/compound pills of resin taken to stop diarrhea. Paiute Antiemetic. Pinon, singleleaf Decoction of resin taken for nausea. Paiute Antirheumatic - Int. Pinon, singleleaf Decoction of resin taken for rheumatism. Paiute Cold remedy. Pinon, singleleaf Compound poultice of heated resin applied for chest congestion from colds. Simple or compound decoction of several plant parts taken for colds. . . . . Paiute Dermatological aid. Pinon, singleleaf Compound poultice of pitch applied to sores, cuts, swellings, & insect bites. Simple or compound poultice of heated resin applied to draw boils or slivers. Paiute Febrifuge. Pinon, singleleaf Decoction of resin taken for fevers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . Paiute Gast-intestinal aid. Pinon, singleleaf Decoction of resin taken for indigestion, nausea, or bowel troubles. Paiute Gynecological aid. Pinon, singleleaf Decoction of resin taken as a tonic after childbirth & for general debility. Paiute Misc disease remedy. Pinon, singleleaf Decoction of resin taken for influenza. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Orthopedic aid. Pinon, singleleaf Poultice of heated resin applied to treat any general muscular soreness. Paiute Pulmonary aid. Pinon, singleleaf Compound poultice of heated resin applied for chest congestion from colds. Poultice of heated resin applied to treat pneumonia. . . . . . . . . . Paiute Throat aid. Pinon, singleleaf Resin chewed or pulverized resin applied with swab for sore throat. Paiute Tonic. Pinon, singleleaf Decoction of resin taken as a tonic after childbirth & for general debility. Paiute Tuberculosis remedy. Pinon, singleleaf Decoction of resin taken for tuberculosis and influenza. Paiute Venereal aid. Pinon, singleleaf Compound decoction of resin taken for venereal disease. Decoction of resin taken, resin chewed or used as pills for venereal disease. Pulverized resin dusted on syphilitic sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Analgesic. Pinon, singleleaf Poultice of heated resin applied to treat sciatic pains or muscular soreness .. Poultice of heated resin for sciatic pains and general muscular soreness. Shoshone Antiemetic. Pinon, singleleaf Decoction of resin taken for nausea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

344

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Genera

(92:50) (92:50) (92:50) (92:50) (16:306) (14:350) (88:63) (88:63) (88:63) (92:50) (92:50) (92:50) (92:50) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119)

Pinus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Pinus monophylla Pinaceae Shoshone Cold remedy. Pinon, singleleaf Compound decoction of several plant parts taken for colds. Smoke of pitch compound inhaled for colds. Shoshone Cough medicine. Pinon, singleleaf Compound decoction of pitch taken for coughs. Shoshone Dermatological aid. Pinon, singleleaf Compound decoction of needles as antiseptic wash for measles & other rashes. Compound poultice of pitch applied to sores, cuts, swellings, & insect bites. Poultice of heated resin applied to draw boils or imbedded slivers. . ..... . Shoshone Disinfectant. Pinon, singleleaf Compound decoction of needles as antiseptic wash for measles & other rashes. Shoshone Febrifuge. Pinon, singleleaf Decoction of resin taken for fevers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Gast-intestinal aid. Pinon, singleleaf Decoction of resin taken for indigestion, nausea, or bowel troubles. Shoshone Kidney aid. Pinon, singleleaf Compound decoction of resin taken for the kidneys. ....... . Shoshone Misc disease remedy. Pinon, singleleaf Compound decoction of needles as antiseptic wash for measles & other rashes. Compound decoction of pitch taken for smallpox. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Orthopedic aid. Pinon, singleleaf Poultice of heated resin applied to treat sciatic pains or muscular soreness .. Shoshone Other. Pinon, singleleaf Poultice of heated resin applied to treat ruptures. . Shoshone Pulmonary aid. Pinon, singleleaf Poultice of heated resin applied to treat pneumonia. Shoshone Venereal aid. Pinon, singleleaf Decoction of resin taken for venereal disease. . . . . Shoshone Veterinary aid. Pinon, singleleaf Smoke from root compound inhaled by horses for distemper. Washoe Cold remedy. Pinon, singleleaf Compound decoction of resin taken for colds. ........ . Washoe Venereal aid. Pinon, singleleaf Decoction of needles or wood taken, or fresh resin as pills for gonorrhea. Pinus monticola Pinaceae Kwakiutl Cough medicine. Pine, western white Pitch used for stomachaches, coughs and sores. Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Pine, western white Pitch used for stomachaches, coughs and sores. Kwakiutl Gast-intestinal aid. Pine, western white Pitch used for stomachaches, coughs and sores. Kwakiutl Reproductive aid. Pine, western white Gum chewed by women for fertility & by girls to become pregnant without sex. Lummi Tuberculosis remedy. Pine, western white Infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis. Mahuna Antirheumatic - Int. Pine, American scrub Plant used for rheumatism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quinault Blood medicine. Pine, western white Infusion of bark taken for stomach disorders and to purify the blood. Quinault Gast-intestinal aid. Pine, western white Infusion of bark taken for stomach disorders and to purify the blood. Shuswap Tuberculosis remedy. Pine, western white Bark used for tuberculosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Skagit Antirheumatic - Ext. Pine, western white Decoction of young shoots used as a soak for rheumatism. Skagit Dermatological aid. Pine, western white Decoction of bark used for cuts and sores. . . Skagit Tuberculosis remedy. Pine, western white Infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis. Pinus ponderosa Pinaceae Cheyenne Dermatological aid. Pine, ponderosa Gum used as a salve or ointment for sores and scabby skin. Hopi Ceremonial medicine. Pine, western yellow Plant parts smoked ceremonially. Hopi Other. Pine, western yellow Plant parts smoked ceremonially. Navaho Ceremonial medicine. Pine, western yellow Pollen used in the "Night Chant" medicine. Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Pine, western yellow Cones with seeds removed used as a ceremonial medicine.

Genera

(81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (81:117-119) (82:270) (82:270) (82:270) (82:270) (34:16) (55:60) (34:16) (34:16) (47:51) (34:16) (34:16) (34:16) . (36:6) (88:63) (88:63) (23:23) (84:13,14)

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345

Pinus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Pinus ponderosa Pinaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Pine, western yellow Needles used as a ceremonial emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Cough medicine. Pine, western yellow Compound decoction of needles taken for bad coughs and for fever. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Pine, western yellow Needles used as a ceremonial emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Febrifuge. Pine, western yellow Compound decoction of needles taken for fever and for bad cough. Okanagan Eye medicine. Pine, yellow Decoction of gum used as an ointment for sore eyes. Shuswap Dermatological aid. Pine, ponderosa Plant used to remove underarm odors. . . . . . . Shuswap Panacea. Pine, ponderosa Infusion of plant used as a wash for sick babies. Shuswap Pediatric aid. Pine, ponderosa Infusion of plant used as a wash for sick babies. Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Pine, western yellow Boiled gum mixed with grease as an ointment for sores and inflamed eyes. Thompson Ind Eye medicine. Pine, western yellow Boiled gum mixed with grease as an ointment for sores and inflamed eyes. Thompson Ind Eye medicine. Pine, yellow Decoction of gum used as an ointment for sore eyes. Thompson Ind Veterinary aid. Pine, western yellow Hot gum and animal fat poured on horses' sore or wounds. Pinus resinosa Pinaceae Ojibwa Stimulant. Pine, Norway Powdered, dried leaves used as a reviver or inhalant. Ojibwa Unspecified. Pine, Norway Bark and cones used medicinally in unspecified ways. Potawatomi Stimulant. Pine, Norway Leaves used as a fumigant to revive a comatose patient. S Ojibwa Analgesic. Pine, red Decoction of leaves and bark used as herbal steam for headache and backache. Poultice of crushed leaves and bark applied to relieve headache. . . . . . . . . . Pinus rigida Pinaceae Iroquois Antirheumatic - Int. Pine, pitch Pitch taken for rheumatism. Iroquois Burn dressing. Pine, pitch Pitch used for burns. . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Dermatological aid. Pine, pitch Compound infusion applied as a poultice to break open boils. Pitch applied to cuts in joints and boils. . .. Iroquois Insecticide. Pine, pitch Smoke from burning leaves to get rid of fleas. Iroquois Laxative. Pine, pitch Pitch taken as a laxative. . . . . . . . .. Shinnecock Dermatological aid. Spruce gum Poultice applied to boils and abscesses. Pinus sabiniana Pinaceae Costanoan Antirheumatic - Int. Pitch chewed as a treatment for rheumatism. Mendocino Ind Burn dressing. Pine, digger Pitch applied to sores and burns. . . . . . .. Mendocino Ind Dermatological aid. Pine, digger Pitch applied to sores and burns. . . . . . . . Yokia Analgesic. Pine, digger Burning twigs and leaves used as sweat bath for rheumatism pain and bruises. Yokia Antirheumatic - Ext. Pine, digger Burning twigs and leaves used as sweat bath for rheumatism pain and bruises. Yokia Dermatological aid. Pine, digger Burning twigs and leaves used as sweat bath for rheumatism pain and bruises. Yokia Diaphoretic. Pine, digger Burning twigs and leaves used as sweat bath for rheumatism pain and bruises. Yokia Tuberculosis remedy. Pine, digger Infusion of bark taken for consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pinus sp. Pinaceae Alabama Antidiarrheal. Decoction of inner bark taken for dysentery. . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Other. Pine Decoction of root used on deerskin for a "drawing plaster."

346

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Genera

· (84:13,14) · (84:13,14) · (84:13,14) · (84:13,14) (48:41) (47:52) (47:52) (47:52) (71:466) (71:466) (48:41) (71:514) (63:379) (63:379) (64:70) (39:198) (39:198) (37:267) (37:267) (37:267) (37:267) (37:267) (37:267) (11:121) . . (5:6) (16:307) (16:307) (16:307) (16:307) (16:307) (16:307) (16:307) . (79:5) (90:74)

Pinus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Pinus sp. Pinaceae Choctaw Anthelmintic. PINUS MITIS Infusion of buds taken as a remedy for worms. . . . . . . . . Micmac Dermatological aid. Poultice of boiled inner bark applied to sores and swellings. Micmac Diuretic. PINUS MICROCARPA Decoction of boughs taken as a diuretic. . . . . . . . . . . . Sanpoil Dermatological aid. Pine Poultice of pitch applied to boils to bring them to a head. Tlingit Toothache remedy. PINUS MERTENSIANA Compound containing warmed seeds used to treat toothache. Tlingit Venereal aid. PINUS INOPS Compound infusion of sprouts and bark taken for syphilis. Tlingit Venereal aid. PINUS MERTENSIANA Compound poultice of sap applied for syphilis. . . . . . . . Pinus strobus Pinaceae Chippewa Dermatological aid. Pine, white Compound poultice of trunk of young tree applied to cuts and wounds. Poultice of pitch applied to felons and similar inflammations. . . . . . . Delaware-Ont Analgesic. Pine, white Poultice of pitch applied to boils to draw out the poison & reduce the pain. Delaware-Ont Dermatological aid. Pine, white Pitch applied to boils to "draw out the poison and reduce the pain." Delaware-Ont Kidney aid. Pine, white Infusion of twigs taken for kidney disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware-Ont Pediatric aid. Pine Powder from decayed plant used on babies "because of its healing properties." Delaware-Ont Pulmonary aid. Pine, white Infusion of twigs taken for pulmonary diseases. .................. . Delaware-Ont Unspecified. Pine Powder from decayed plant used on babies "because of its healing properties." Iroquois Antirheumatic - Int. Pine, white Compound decoction or raw bark taken for rheumatism. Iroquois Blood medicine. Pine, white Infusion of young trees taken as a blood tonic, "don't vomit." Iroquois Cold remedy. Pine, white Compound decoction taken for colds, coughs, and rheumatism. Steam from decoction of bark inhaled for head cold. . . . . . . Iroquois Cough medicine. Pine, white Compound decoction or infusion taken for colds, coughs or rheumatism. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Pine, white Compound decoction used as salve for cuts and wounds. . . . . . . . . . . Compound decoction used as wash and compound poultice applied to deep cuts. Decoction of bark used for skin eruptions and scabs. . . . . . . . . . . . Decoction of shaved knots used for poison-ivy, "better than penicillin." Poultice used for drawing thorns and slivers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Powdered wood used on chafed babies, sores and improperly healed navels. Strained compound poultice used for cuts, bruises, sores, and scabs on face. Iroquois Dietary aid. Pine, white Decoction of knots taken for consumption and to increase appetite. Iroquois Emetic. Pine, white Decoction of branches taken as a spring emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . Decoction of one knot taken to vomit for regular consumption. . . . Decoction used as an emetic "when someone dies and you can't forget it." Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Pine, white Compound decoction taken for shortness of wind, gall, and to clean stomach. Raw bark taken for stomach, rheumatism, cramps, and stiff limbs. . . . . . . Iroquois Liver aid. Pine, white Compound decoction taken for shortness of wind, gall, and to clean stomach. Iroquois Misc disease remedy. Pine, white Raw bark taken to prevent typhoid. . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Pine, white Compound poultice of leaves bound to broken bones. Decoction of leaves used as a wash for non-walking 2 or 3 year old infants. Poultice of gum applied to broken coccyx. ............. . Raw bark taken for stomach, rheumatism, cramps, and stiff limbs. Iroquois Other. Pine, white Compound used as a sugar medicine. No preparation indicated. Iroquois Panacea. Pine, white Leaves burned in spring & fall, smoke fills the house, prevents all sickness.

Genera

. (8:24) (66:317) (66:317) (51:221) (43:284) (43:283) (43:284) (21:352) (31:123) (77:68) · (77:68,82) · (77:68,82) (77:68) · (77:68,82) (77:68) (37:264) (37:266) (37:264) (37:267) (37:264) (37:267) (37:266) (37:266) (37:267) (37:266) (37:265) (37:266) (37:265) (37:266) (37:265) (37:266) (37:266) (37:265) (37:266) (37:265) (37:265) (37:264) (37:265) (37:265) (37:267) (37:265)

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347

Pinus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Pinus strobus Pinaceae Iroquois Pediatric aid. Pine, white Decoction of leaves used as a wash for non-walking 2 or 3 year old infants. Powdered wood used on chafed babies, sores and unproperly healed navels. Iroquois Psychological aid. Pine, white Decoction used as an emetic ''when someone dies and your can't forget it." Iroquois Pulmonary aid. Pine, white Compound decoction of bark taken for difficulty in breathing in fat people. Compound decoction taken for shortness of wind, gall, and to clean stomach. Salve applied to chest for chest cold and taken for infections, sore throats. Iroquois Throat aid. Pine, white Salve applied to chest for chest cold and taken for infections, sore throats. Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Pine, white Decoction of knots taken for consumption and to increase appetite. .. . Decoction of one knot taken to vomit for regular consumption. . . . . . . . Decoction of twigs taken for scrofula and used for boils on horses necks. . Iroquois Venereal aid. Pine, white Compound decoction used as a salve on dry, cracked, venereal diseased penis. Iroquois Veterinary aid. Pine, white Decoction of twigs taken for scrofula and used for boils on horses necks. ... Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Pine, white Burning branch smoke drives away ghosts from the house of returning people. Smoke from plant used as a wash for a person who has seen a dead person. Menominee Analgesic. Pine, white Infusion of bark taken for chest pain; important medicine. . . Menominee Dermatological aid. Pine, white Poultice of pounded bark applied to wounds, sores, or ulcers. Poultice of pounded inner bark applied to sores. . . . . . . . . Micmac Cold remedy. Pine, white Bark, leaves, and stems used to treat colds, coughs, and grippe. Micmac Cough medicine. Pine, white Bark, leaves, and stems used to treat colds, coughs, and grippe. Micmac Dermatological aid. Pine, white Bark used to treat wounds; also, sap used to stop hemorrhaging. Micmac Dermatological aid. Boiled inner bark used for sores and swellings. . . . . . . . . . . . Micmac Hemostat. Pine, white Sap used to stop hemorrhaging; also, parts of plant used for kidney trouble. Micmac Kidney aid. Pine, white Sap used to stop hemorrhaging; also, parts of plant used for kidney trouble. Micmac Misc disease remedy. Pine, white Bark, leaves, and stems used to treat colds, coughs, and grippe. Inner bark, bark, and leaves used to treat scurvy. . . . . . . . . Mohegan Analgesic. Pine, white Poultice of sap or gum applied for pain of boils and abscesses. Mohegan Cold remedy. Pine, white Bark, sap, or gum used to treat coughs, colds, and boils. Cold infusion of bark taken as a cold remedy. . . . . .. Mohegan Cough medicine. Pine, white Infusion of bark good for stubborn cough; also, pitch chewed for cough. Infusion of bark taken for coughs and colds. Infusion of dried inner bark used as a cough remedy. . . . . Mohegan Dermatological aid. Pine, white Sap or gum applied to relieve the pain of boils or abscesses. Montagnais Cold remedy. Pine, white Boiled gum taken for sore throats, colds, and consumption. Montagnais Throat aid. Pine, white Boiled gum taken for sore throats, colds, and consumption. Montagnais Tuberculosis remedy. Pine, white Boiled gum taken for sore throats, colds, and consumption. Ojibwa Stimulant. Pine, white Dried leaves used as a reviver or inhalant. .. . . . . . Ojibwa Unspecified. Pine, white Bark and cones used medicinally in unspecified ways. Plant used for medicinal purposes. . . . . . . . . . . . Potawatomi Dermatological aid. Pine, white Pitch or resin of wood and bark used as the base for a salve. S Ojibwa Analgesic. Pine, white Boiled, crushed leaves used as herbal steam for headache and backache. Poultice of crushed leaves applied to relieve headache. . . . . . . . . . .

348

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Genera

(37:264) (37:265) (37:266) (37:264) (37:266) (37:267) (37:267) (37:265) (37:265) (37:267) (37:265) · (37:267) (37:266) (37:266) (61:46) (61:46) (22:132) (15:59) (15:59) (15:59) (66:317) (15:59) (15:59) (15:59) (15:59) (78:74) (78:130) (76:264) · (11:121) · (76:269) (78:74,130) (78:74,130) (66:315) (66:315) (66:315) (63:379) (63:379) (52:244) (64:70) (39:198) (39:198)

Pinus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera -Pinus strobus Pinaceae S Ojibwa Herbal steam. Pine, white Boiled, crushed leaves used as herbal steam for headache and backache. Shinnecock Cough medicine. Pine, white Infusion of bark good for stubborn cough; also, pitch chewed for cough. Pinus mrginiana Pinaceae Cherokee Anthelmintic. Pine, scrub Taken as a gentle laxative; also, given for worms. Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Pine, scrub Bark chewed "to check bowels." . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Antirheumatic - Ext. Pine, scrub Syrup taken for chronic rheumatism; also, oil used to bathe painful joints. Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Pine, scrub Syrup taken for chronic rheumatism; also, oil used to bathe painful joints. Cherokee Ceremonial medicine. Pine, scrub Branches burned & ashes thrown on hearth fire after a death in the home. Cherokee Cold remedy. Pine, scrub Infusion, steam, and oil used in various ways as cold remedy. . . . . . . . . Cherokee Cough medicine. Pine, scrub Syrup taken by pregnant women with cough; also, poultice for swollen breasts. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Pine, scrub Tar used as poultice on scaldhead, tetterworm, stone bruises, and ulcers. Cherokee Febrifuge. Pine, scrub Compound infusion of needles to "break out fever" and for "child-bed-fevers." . Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Pine, scrub Given for hysterics; also, taken for colics and gout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Gynecological aid. Pine, scrub Compound infusion of needles to "break out fever" and for "child-bed-fevers." . Syrup taken by pregnant women with cough; also, poultice for swollen breasts. Cherokee Hemorrhoid remedy. Pine, scrub Compound infusion of root taken for piles; also, taken as a stimulant. Cherokee Kidney aid. Pine, scrub Taken for "weak back or kidneys;" also, tar used for consumption. Cherokee Laxative. Pine, scrub Taken as a gentle laxative; also, given for worms. . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Pine, scrub Taken for gout and to break out measles; also, for complications from mumps. Cherokee Orthopedic aid. Pine, scrub Taken for ''weak back or kidneys;" also, tar used for consumption. Cherokee Other. Pine, scrub Skim turpentine off root decoction, use on deer's skin for drawing plaster. Syrup used as poultice for swollen testicles caused by mumps. . . . . . . . Cherokee Respiratory aid. Pine, scrub Compound infusion of needles in apple juice taken by ball players "for wind." Syrup taken for "catarrh (ulcer of the lungs)." Cherokee Sedative. Pine, scrub Given for hysterics; also, taken for colics and gout. Cherokee Stimulant. Pine, scrub Compound infusion of root taken for piles; also, taken as a stimulant. Cherokee Tuberculosis remedy. Pine, scrub Taken for "weak back or kidneys;" also, tar used for consumption. Cherokee Venereal aid. Pine, scrub Syrup taken for chronic rheumatism; also, taken for venereal disease. Rappahannock Kidney aid. Pine, spruce Rolled, hardened sap used as pills and taken for kidney trouble. Pityrogramma triangularis Polypodiaceae Karok Analgesic. GYMNOGRAMME TRIANGULARIS Fern, gold Plant used to mitigate the afterpains of childbirth. Karok Gynecological aid. GYMNOGRAMME TRIANGULARIS Fern, gold Plant used to mitigate the afterpains of childbirth. . . . . . . . . Plantago aristata Plantaginaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Plantain, bracted Poultice of leaf applied for headache; also, juice used for sore eyes. Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Plantain, bracted Infusion of root taken for dysentery; infusion given to check babies' bowels. Cherokee Antidote. Plantain, bracted Infusion used for poisonous bites, stings, and snakebites. Cherokee Burn dressing. Plantain, bracted Poultice of wilted or scalded leaf applied to burns. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Plantain, bracted Poultice for blisters, ulcers, insect stings; infusion used orally & as wash.

Genera

(39:198) (11:121) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (35:49) (69:27) (58:377) (58:377) (35:50) (35:50) (35:50) (35:50) (35:50)

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349

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Plantago

Table 1: Genera - Plantago aristata Plantaginaceae Cherokee Eye medicine. Plantain, bracted (35:50) Poultice of leaf applied for headache; also, juice used for sore eyes. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Plantain, bracted (35:50) Taken for bowel complaints; also, taken for "bloody urine." Cherokee Gynecological aid. Plantain, bracted (35:50) Infusion taken to "check discharge;" also, used as a douche. Cherokee Orthopedic aid. Plantain, bracted (35:50) Compound infusion of leaf given to strengthen a child learning to walk. Cherokee Pediatric aid. Plantain, bracted (35:50) Compound infusion of leaf given to strengthen a child learning to walk. (35:50) Infusion of root taken for dysentery; infusion given to check babies' bowels. Cherokee Snake bite remedy. Plantain, bracted (35:50) Infusion used for poisonous bites, stings, and snakebites. Cherokee Urinary aid. Plantain, bracted (35:50) Taken for bowel complaints; also, taken for "bloody urine." Plantago cordata Plantaginaceae Houma Burn dressing. Plantain (68:62) Poultice of raw leaves and grease or oil used on cuts, sores, burns, & boils. Houma Dermatological aid. Plantain (68:62) Poultice of raw leaves and oil or grease used on cuts, sores, burns, & boils. Plantago insularis Plantaginaceae Pima Antidiarrheal. PLANTAGO FASTIGIATA Indian wheat Cold infusion of seeds taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (17:96) Plantago lanceolata Plantaginaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Plantain, English (35:50) Poultice of leaf applied for headache; also, juice used for sore eyes. Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Plantain, English (35:50) Infusion of root taken for dysentery; infusion given to check babies' bowels. Cherokee Antidote. Plantain, English (35:50) Infusion used for poisonous bites, stings, and snakebites. Cherokee Burn dressing. Plantain, English (35:50) Poultice of wilted or scalded leaf applied to burns. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Plantain, English (35:50) Poultice for blisters, ulcers, insect stings; infusion used orally & as wash. Cherokee Eye medicine. Plantain, English (35:50) Poultice of leaf applied for headache; also, juice used for sore eyes. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Plantain, English (35:50) Taken for bowel complaints; also, taken for "bloody urine." Cherokee Gynecological aid. Plantain, English (35:50) Infusion taken to "check discharge;" also, used as a douche. Cherokee Orthopedic aid. Plantain, English (35:50) Compound infusion of leaf given to strengthen a child learning to walk. Cherokee Pediatric aid. Plantain, English (35:50) Compound infusion of leaf given to strengthen a child learning to walk. (35:50) Infusion of root taken for dysentery; infusion given to check babies' bowels. Cherokee Snake bite remedy. Plantain, English (35:50) Infusion used for poisonous bites, stings, and snakebites. Cherokee Urinary aid. Plantain, English (35:50) Taken for bowel complaints; also, taken for "bloody urine." Kawaiisu Ear medicine. Ribgrass (92:52) Infusion of leaves put in the ear for earaches. . . . . . . . . . Plantago macrocarpa Plantaginaceae Aleut Tonic. (1:428) Decoction of root taken as a tonic. Plantago major Plantaginaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Plantain, green (35:50) Poultice of leaf applied for headache; also, juice used for sore eyes. Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Plantain, green (35:50) Infusion of root taken for dysentery; infusion given to check babies' bowels. Cherokee Antidote. Plantain, green (35:50) Infusion used for poisonous bites, stings, and snakebites. Cherokee Burn dressing. Plantain, green (35:50) Poultice of wilted or scalded leaf applied to burns. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Plantain, green Poultice for blisters, ulcers, insect stings; infusion used orally & as wash. (35:50) Cherokee Eye medicine. Plantain, green (35:50) Poultice of leaf applied for headache; also, juice used for sore eyes. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Plantain, green (35:50) Taken for bowel complaints; also, taken for "bloody urine." . . . .

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Genera

Plantago

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Plantago major Plantaginaceae Cherokee Gynecological aid. Plantain, green Infusion taken to "check discharge;" also, used as a douche. . . . . . . . Cherokee Orthopedic aid. Plantain, green Compound infusion of leaf given to strengthen a child learning to walk. Cherokee Pediatric aid. Plantain, green Compound infusion of leaf given to strengthen a child learning to walk. Infusion of root taken for dysentery; infusion given to check babies' bowels. Cherokee Snake bite remedy. Plantain, green Infusion used for poisonous bites, stings, and snakebites. Cherokee Urinary aid. Plantain, green Taken for bowel complaints; also, taken for "bloody urine." Chippewa Antirheumatic - Ext. Plantain Poultice of chopped fresh leaves applied for rheumatism. Chippewa Dermatological aid. Plantain Simple or compound poultice of chopped root or fresh leaf for inflammations. Chippewa Snake bite remedy. Plantain Poultice of chopped fresh leaves and root applied to snake bites. Costanoan Febrifuge. Decoction of roots taken to reduce fever and for constipation. Costanoan Laxative. Decoction of roots taken to reduce fever and for constipation. Delaware-Okl Gynecological aid. Plantain Compound containing plant used to treat "female diseases." Delaware-Okl Unspecified. Plantain Poultice of crushed leaves used for unspecified ailments. Delaware-Ont Dermatological aid. Plantain Poultice of crushed leaves applied to bruises. Fox Burn dressing. Plantain, common Infusion of leaves used to cure burns. . Fox Dermatological aid. Plantain, common Fresh leaf used to reduce swelling. Fox Diuretic. Plantain, common Infusion of leaves taken for bowel troubles and as a urinary. Fox Gast-intestinal aid. Plantain, common Infusion of leaves used for bowel troubles and as a urinary. Kawaiisu Ear medicine. Plantain, common Infusion of leaves put in the ear for earaches. . . . . . . . . Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Plantain, broad leaved Poultice of leaves applied to draw blisters on sores and swellings. Mahuna Dermatological aid. Plantain, American Plant used to dislodge and draw out poisonous thorns and splinters. Mohegan Burn dressing. Plantain, common Leaves bound over stings, burns, bruises, and snake bites to draw out poison. Mohegan Dermatological aid. Plantain Poultice of fresh leaves applied to insect bites, cuts, or swellings. . ..... . Mohegan Orthopedic aid. Plantain, common Leaves bound over stings, burns, bruises, and snake bites to draw out poison. Mohegan Snake bite remedy. Plantain Poultice of fresh leaves applied to snake and insect bites to remove poison. Mohegan Snake bite remedy. Plantain, common Leaves bound over stings, burns, bruises, and snake bites to draw out poison. Navaho-Ramah Disinfectant. Plantain, common Cold infusion of plant taken for "lightning infection." Navaho-Ramah Other. Plantain, common Root used as "life medicine." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ojibwa Burn dressing. Plantain, common Poultice of soaked leaves bound on burns, scalds, and snake bites. Ojibwa Dermatological aid. Plantain, common Poultice of soaked leaves bound on bruises, sprains, sores, and bee stings. Ojibwa Orthopedic aid. Plantain, common Poultice of soaked leaves bound on bruises, sprains, or sores. Ojibwa Snake bite remedy. Plantain, common Poultice of soaked leaves bound on snake bites. Paiute Cold remedy. Plantain, common Decoction of root taken for colds and pneumonia. Paiute Dermatological aid. Plantain, common Poultice of leaves bound onto cuts & wounds to promote healing without scars. Paiute Pulmonary aid. Plantain, common Decoction of root taken for colds and pneumonia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Genera

(35:50) (35:50) (35:50) (35:50) (35:50) (35:50) (21:362) (21:348) (21:353) (5:11) (5:11) · (77:31,82) · (77:31,82) · (77:66,82) (62:234,235) (62:234,235) (62:234,235) (62:234,235) (92:52) (82:287) (55:16) (76:266) (78:74,130) (76:266) (78:74) (76:266) (84:45) (84:45) (63:380,381) (63:380,381) (63:380,381) (63:380,381) (81:119,120) (81:119,120) (81:119,120)

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351

Plantago

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Plantago major Plantaginaceae

Ponca Dermatological aid. Plantain Hot leaves applied to foot to draw out thorns or splinters. Potawatomi Dermatological aid. Plantain, common Poultice of heated leaf bound on swellings and inflammations. Potawatomi Throat aid. Plantain, common Decoction of root taken to lubricate throat for removal of lodged bone. Rappahannock Febrifuge. Plantain, ground Ground leaves as poultice for fever. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shinnecock Dermatological aid. Plantain Poultice of pounded leaves applied to sore spots to draw out inflammation. Shinnecock Eye medicine. Plantain Infusion of leaves used as a wash for sore eyes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Antirheumatic - Ext. Plantain, common Compound poultice of leaves applied to wounds, swellings, and rheumatism. Shoshone Dermatological aid. Plantain, common Compound poultice of leaves applied for wounds, bruises, swellings, & boils. Poultice of mashed leaves applied to dropsical swellings & to infections. Shoshone Disinfectant. Plantain, common Poultice of mashed leaves applied to dropsical swellings & to infections. Shoshone Gast-intestinal aid. Plantain, common Decoction of root taken for stomach trouble. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Kidney aid. Plantain, common Poultice of mashed leaves applied to dropsical swellings & to infections. Shuswap Dermatological aid. Plantain Poultice of mashed plants applied to sores. Shuswap Diaphoretic. Plantain Leaf rubbed on the body to produce sweating. Plantago purshii Plantaginaceae Hopi Psychological aid. Plantain Plant given to a person "to make him more agreeable." . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho Gast-intestinal aid. Indian wheat Infusion of seeds given to babies when they "spoil" (colic or constipation). Navaho Laxative. Indian wheat Infusion of seeds given to babies when they "spoil" (colic or constipation). Navaho Pediatric aid. Indian wheat Infusion of seeds given to babies when they "spoil" (colic or constipation). Navaho-Ramah Dietary aid. Plantain Cold infusion of plant parts taken to reduce appetite and prevent obesity. Plantago ragelii Plantaginaceae Menominee Burn dressing. Plantain, Rugel's Poultice of fresh leaves applied to burn or any inflammation. Menominee Dermatological aid. Plantain, Rugel's Poultice of fresh leaves applied to any inflammation. Poultice of specific sides of leaf applied to swellings and other ailments. Plantago sp. Plantaginaceae Iroquois Analgesic. Plantain Decoction of whole plant taken for pains in the chest and stomach. Poultice of hot leaves applied to bruises, swellings or for pain. Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Plantain Compound decoction of bark and roots taken for vomiting, diarrhea and cramps .. Iroquois Antiemetic. Plantain Compound decoction of bark and roots taken for vomiting, diarrhea and cramps .. Iroquois Antirheumatic - Ext. Plantain Poultice of leaves applied for arthritis. . . . . . . Iroquois Blood medicine. Plantain Decoction of roots taken for the blood and pain. Iroquois Burn dressing. Plantain Poultice of leaves applied to burns or sores. . .. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Plantain Poultice of leaves applied to burns, sores, cuts, bruises and wounds. Poultice of leaves applied to spider bites and for drawing sores. Poultice of smashed leaves applied to swollen face caused by erysipelas. Iroquois Febrifuge. Plantain Infusion of roots taken for fevers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Plantain Compound decoction of bark and roots taken for vomiting, diarrhea and cramps .. Decoction of whole plant taken for pains in the chest and stomach. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Plantain Compound decoction of roots taken for falling of the womb. Decoction of roots taken as an annual female medicine.

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Genera

· . (30:115) · (64:71,72) · (64:71,72) · (69:25) · (11:119) · (11:119) (81:119,120) (81:119,120) (81:119,120) (81:119,120) (81:119,120) (81:119,120) (47:64) (47:64) (88:92) (38:154) (38:154) (38:154) (84:45) · . (22:132) · . (22:131) · (61:46,47) (37:438) (37:438) (37:437) (37:437) (37:439) · (37:438) · (37:437) · (37:437) (37:438) (37:437) (37:437) (37:437) (37:438) (37:438) (37:438)

Plantago

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Plantaginaceae Iroquois Gynecological aid. Plantain Decoction of roots taken by women who cannot have babies. . . . . . . Iroquois Heart medicine. Plantain Compound of plants taken for heart trouble. No preparation indicated. Iroquois Hemostat. Plantain Poultice of heated leaves applied for bleeding or cuts. Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Plantain Decoction of roots used as wash for sore joints and sprains. Iroquois Psychological aid. Plantain Decoction of roots taken for nervous breakdown. . . . . . . Iroquois Pulmonary aid. Plantain Decoction of whole plant taken for pains in the chest and stomach. Iroquois Strengthener. Plantain Compound decoction of plants taken by runners. and athletes for strength. Iroquois Urinary aid. Plantain Decoction of roots taken for the bladder and causes urine to flow. Platanus occidentalis Platanaceae Cherokee Abortifacient. Sycamore Compound decoction taken "for menstrual period." Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Sycamore Infusion of inner bark taken for dysentery. Taken for milky urine; also, taken for dysentery. Cherokee Cathartic. Sycamore Decoction of roots taken as an emetic and cathartic by women during menses. Taken as an emetic and as a purgative. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Cough medicine. Sycamore Infusion of inner bark taken for measles; also, taken for cough. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Sycamore Ooze of bark used as wash for infected sores; infusion given for infant rash. Cherokee Emetic. Sycamore Decoction of roots taken as an emetic and cathartic by women during menses. Taken as an emetic and as a purgative. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Sycamore Compound used in steam bath for indigestion or biliousness. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Sycamore Compound decoction used to aid in expelling afterbirth. . .. Decoction of roots taken as an emetic and cathartic by women during menses. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Sycamore Infusion of inner bark taken for measles; also, taken for cough. Cherokee Other. Sycamore Compound infusion of bark taken for "bad disease." . . . . . . Cherokee Pediatric aid. Sycamore Ooze of bark used as wash for infected sores; infusion given for infant rash. Cherokee Urinary aid. Sycamore Infusion of inner barks taken for difficult urination with yellow discharge. Taken for milky urine; also, taken for dysentery. . . . . . Creek Tuberculosis remedy. Sycamore Bark used in medicine taken for pulmonary tuberculosis. Decoction of bark taken for pulmonary tuberculosis. Delaware-Okl Cold remedy. PLANTANUS OCCIDENTALIS Sycamore Compound infusion of bark taken for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware-Okl Throat aid. PLANTANUS OCCIDENTALIS Sycamore Compound infusion of bark gargled to relieve hoarseness and sore throat. Fox Analgesic. Sycamore Bark eaten to dispel internal pains and cause patient to get fat. Fox Blood medicine. Sycamore Infusion of bark taken as a blood purifier; also, used for colds. Fox Cold remedy. Sycamore Infusion of bark used for colds; also, for purifying the blood. Fox Dermatological aid. Sycamore Compound containing bark used on knife or axe wounds. Fox Dietary aid. Sycamore . Bark eaten to dispel internal pains and cause the patient to get fat. Fox Hemostat. Sycamore Bark used for hemorrhages; also, used for lung troubles. . . . . . . . Fox Misc disease remedy. Sycamore Infusion of bark used as wash to dry smallpox pustules and prevent scars. Fox Pulmonary aid. Sycamore Bark used for lung troubles; also, used for hemorrhages. . . . . . . . . . . . Plantago sp.

Genera

(37:437) (37:438) (37:437) (37:437) (37:438) (37:438) (37:437) (37:438) (35:58) (79:26) (35:58) (79:26) (35:58) (35:58) (35:58) (79:26) (35:58) (35:58) (35:58) (79:26) (35:58) (35:58) (35:58) (79:26) (35:58) (75:659) (79:26) (77:25) . (77:25,78) (62:235) (62:235) (62:235) (62:235) (62:235) (62:235) (62:235) (62:235)

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353

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Platanus

Table 1: Genera -Platanus occidentalis Platanaceae

Iroquois Antirheumatic - Ext. Sycamore Compound infusion of bark and roots used as foot soak for rheumatism. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Sycamore Compound decoction used for skin eruptions, scabs and eczema. Mahuna Gast-intestinal aid. Sycamore, American Plant used for catarrh and internal ulcers. Mahuna Respiratory aid. Sycamore, American Plant used for catarrh and internal ulcers. Platanus racemosa Platanaceae Costanoan Panacea. Infusion of plant used as a general remedy. . . . . . . . . . Kawaiisu Unspecified. Sycamore Infusion of bark taken for the relief of some indisposition. Pluchea foetida Asteraceae Choctaw Febrifuge. Fleabane, marsh Decoction of leaves taken for fevers. . . . . . . . . . Choctaw Febrifuge. Decoction of leaves taken "during attacks of fever." Pluchea sericea Asteraceae Paiute Antidiarrheal. Arrowweed Decoction of root taken to stop diarrhea, especially bloody diarrhea. Paiute Gast-intestinal aid. Arrowweed Raw root chewed or decoction of root taken for indigestion. Pima Antidiarrheal. Fleabane, marsh Decoction of roots taken for stomachaches and diarrhea. . . Pima Dermatological aid. PLUCHEA BOREALIS Arrow bush Infusion of root bark used as a wash for the face and for sore eyes. Pima Eye medicine. PLUCHEA BOREALIS Arrow bush root Infusion of bark used as a wash for the face and for sore eyes. Pima Eye medicine. Fleabane, marsh Decoction of roots used for sore eyes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pima Gast-intestinal aid. Fleabane, marsh Decoction of roots taken for stomachaches and diarrhea. . Pima Pediatric aid. Fleabane, marsh Poultice of roots applied to soothe nervous child that cries while sleeping. Pima Sedative. Fleabane, marsh Poultice of roots applied to soothe nervous child that cries while sleeping. Pima Veterinary aid. Fleabane, marsh Poultice of chewed roots applied to snake bites on horses. . . . . . . . . . . Pluchea sp. Asteraceae Houma Febrifuge. Indian balm Decoction of dried plant taken to reduce fever. Houma Hemorrhoid remedy. Indian balm Decoction of dried plant taken to cure piles. Podophyllum peltatum Berberidaceae Cherokee Anthelmintic. Mayapple Root used as "antihelminthicj" also, boiled root eaten as purgative. Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Mayapple Root soaked in whiskey taken for rheumatism; also, used as a purgative. Cherokee Cathartic. Mayapple Decoction of root boiled to syrup, made into pills, and given as a purgative. Root used as "antihelminthic;" also, boiled root eaten as purgative. . . . . . Cherokee Dermatological aid. Mayapple Powdered root used on ulcers & sores; also, eaten "to correct constipation." Cherokee Ear medicine. Mayapple "Drop of juice of fresh root" put in ear for deafness. . . . . . . Juice of fresh root dropped into the ear as a cure for deafness. Cherokee Insecticide. Mayapple Root ooze used to soak corn before planting to keep off crows and insects. Cherokee Laxative. Mayapple Powdered root used on ulcers & sores; also, eaten "to correct constipation." Delaware-Okl Laxative. Mayapple Root used to make a spring tonic and a laxative. Delaware-Okl Love medicine. Mayapple Plant used as a love charm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware-Okl Tonic. Mayapple Root used to make a spring tonic and a laxative. Fox Antirheumatic - Int. Mandrake Root used to treat rheumatism; also, used as a physic.

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Genera

(37:348) (37:348) (55:24) (55:24) . (5:20) (92:53) (79:63) . (8:23) . (81:120) . (81:120) (17:105) (56:79) (56:79) (17:105) (17:105) (17:105) (17:105) (17:105) (68:63) (68:63) (35:44) (35:44) (90:74) (35:44) (35:44) (35:44) (90:74) (35:44) (35:44) · (77:32,78) · (77:32,78) · (77:32,78) · . (62:206)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Podophyllum

Table 1: Genera - Podophyllum peltatum Berberidaceae

Fox Cathartic. Mandrake (62:206) Compound containing root used as a physic; also, used in treating rheumatism. Fox Emetic. Mandrake (62:206) Decoction of root taken as an emetic. . ..................... . Iroquois Cathartic. Mayapple (37:331) Cold infusion of smashed root taken or raw root chewed for a strong physic. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Mayapple (37:331) Compound decoction of roots taken for boils. ............. . Iroquois Laxative. Mayapple (37:331) Decoction or infusion of roots taken or raw root chewed as a laxative. Iroquois Other. Mayapple Root mixed with water for sprouting corn; a "corn medicine." (37:331) Iroquois Poison. Mayapple (37:331) Root is poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Strengthener. Mayapple (37:331) Compound decoction of plants taken to increase strength. Iroquois Veterinary aid. Mayapple (37:331) Decoction of plant used as a laxative for horses bound up on green grass. (37:330) Seeds and pulp of fruit placed in cut of atrophied shoulder muscle of horse. Menominee Insecticide. Mandrake . (61:25,26) Decoction of whole plant sprinkled on potato plants to kill potato bugs. Pogogyne douglasii Lamiaceae Concow Analgesic. POGOGYNE PARVIFLORA (16:384) Leaves used as a counterirritant for stomach and bowel pains. Concow Gast-intestinal aid. POGOGYNE PARVIFLORA (16:384) Leaves used as a counterirritant for stomach and bowel pains. Mendocino Ind Insecticide. POGOGYNE PARVIFLORA (16:384) Plant used for fleas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Polemonium elegans Polemoniaceae Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Polemonium Compound decoction containing several species as a wash for the head & hair. . . . . . . . (71:467) Polemonium reptans Polemoniaceae Fox Cathartic. Valerian, Greek (62:235,236) Compound containing root used as powerful urinary or physic. Fox Diuretic. Valerian, Greek (62:235,236) Compound containing root used as powerful urinary or physic. Polemonium sp. Polemoniaceae Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. POLEMONIUM HUMILE Polemonium Decoction of plant used as a wash for the head and hair. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (71:467) Poliomintha incana Lamiaceae Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Plant used for sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (91:41) Polygala alba Polygalaceae Sioux Ear medicine. Decoction of root used for earache. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (3:18) Polygala lutea Polygalaceae Choctaw Dermatological aid. Milkwort (79:35) Poultice of dried blossoms applied to swellings. . . . . . . . . . . . Choctaw Dermatological aid. . (8:24) Poultice of dried blossoms mixed with water applied to swellings. Polygala paucifolia Polygalaceae Iroquois Dermatological aid. Wintergreen, flowering (37:369) Decoction of plant used as a wash for boils and syphilitic sores. . . . . . . . (37:368) Infusion of plant taken and poultice of leaves applied to abscesses on limbs. Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Wintergreen, flowering (37:368) Compound poultice of plants applied to sore legs. . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Pediatric aid. Wintergreen, flowering (37:369) Decoction of plant used as a wash on babies with syphilitic sores. Iroquois Venereal aid. Wintergreen, flowering (37:369) Decoction of plant used as a wash on babies with syphilitic sores. Polygala polygama Polygalaceae Montagnais Cough medicine. POLYGALA POLYGAMMA Milkwort Decoction of plant used as a cough medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (66:314) Polygala senega Polygalaceae Cherokee Abortifacient. Snakeroot, Seneca (35:55) Used as a sudorific, a diuretic, an emmenagogue, and a cathartic. Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Snakeroot, Seneca (35:55) Used for colds, pleurisy, and croup; also, used for rheumatism. Cherokee Cathartic. Snakeroot, Seneca (35:55) Infusion of root or root powder taken as an expectorant and cathartic.

Genera

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355

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Polygala

Table 1: Genera -Polygala senega Polygalaceae

Cherokee Cold remedy. Snakeroot, Seneca Used for colds, pleurisy, and croup; also, used for rheumatism. Cherokee Diaphoretic. Snakeroot, Seneca Used as a sudorific, a diuretic, an emmenagogue, and a cathartic. Cherokee Diuretic. Snakeroot, Seneca Used as a sudorific, a diuretic, an emmenagogue, and a cathartic. Cherokee Expectorant. Snakeroot, Seneca Infusion of root or root powder taken as an expectorant and cathartic. Cherokee Kidney aid. Snakeroot, Seneca Used for "dropsy;" also, infusion of root or root powder is an expectorant. Cherokee Other. Snakeroot, Seneca Used for "inflammatory complaints;" also, used for swellings. . Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Snakeroot, Seneca Used for colds, pleurisy, and croup; also, used for rheumatism. Cherokee Snake bite remedy. Snakeroot, Seneca Root chewed, "sufficient quantity" swallowed, wound poulticed with the rest. Chippewa Anticonvulsive. Snakeroot, Seneca Compound decoction of root taken for convulsions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Compound infusion or decoction of root taken as a cure for "fits." . . . . . . . Chippewa Heart medicine. POLYGALA SENAGA Snakeroot, Seneca Compound decoction of root prepared ceremonially and taken for heart trouble. Chippewa Hemostat. Snakeroot, Seneca Compound decoction of root used on wounds to stop bleeding. . . . . . . . Compound infusion or decoction of root used on wounds to stop bleeding. Chippewa Stimulant. Snakeroot, Seneca Compound decoction of root taken as a stimulant. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Compound infusion or decoction of root taken or used externally as stimulant. Chippewa Tonic. Snakeroot, Seneca Compound decoction of root or dried root alone taken as a tonic. Fox Heart medicine. Snakeroot, Seneca Decoction of root taken as a remedy in cases of heart trouble. Micmac Cold remedy. Snakeroot, Seneca Root used to treat colds. . . . . . . Ojibwa Unspecified. Snakeroot, Seneca Plant used for medicinal purposes. S Ojibwa Cold remedy. Snakeroot, Seneca Decoction of root used for colds and cough. S Ojibwa Cough medicine. Snakeroot, Seneca Decoction of root used for colds and cough. S Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. Snakeroot, Seneca Infusion of leaves taken to "destroy water-bugs that have been swallowed." S Ojibwa Throat aid. Snakeroot, Seneca Infusion of leaves taken for sore throat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Polygala vemcillata Polygalaceae Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Milkwort Infusion taken for "summer complaint." . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Misc disease remedy. Milkwort, whorled Infusion of plant given to babies with "summer complaint." Iroquois Pediatric aid. Milkwort, whorled Infusion of plant given to babies with "summer complaint." Polygonatum biftorum Liliaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Solomon's seal, large Taken for dysentery; infusion of roasted roots taken for stomach trouble. Cherokee Breast treatment. Solomon's seal, large Used for diseases of the breast or lungs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Dermatological aid. Solomon's seal, large Hot poultice of bruised root used to draw risings or carbuncles. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Solomon's seal, large Taken for dysentery; infusion of roasted roots taken for stomach trouble. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Solomon's seal, large Taken by females afflicted with ''whites or profuse menstruation." Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Solomon's seal, large Used for diseases of the breast or lungs. Cherokee Tonic. Solomon's seal, large Root used as a mild tonic for "general debility." Chippewa Sedative. Solomon's seal, small Plant used to insure sound sleep. . . . . . . . . . Fox Stimulant. Solomon's seal Root heated on coals and fumes inhaled by unconscious patient to revive him.

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Genera

(35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (35;55) (35:55) (35:55) . (21:336) · (19:63,64) · . (21:338) · . (21:336) · (19:63,64) · . (21:364) · (19:63,64) . (21:336) (62:236) (15:59) (52:235) (39:199) (39:199) (39:199) (39:199) (35:45) (37:369) (37:369) (35:56) (35:56) (35:56) (35:56) (35:56) (35:56) (35:56) (31:126) (62:230)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Polygonatum

Table 1: Genera -Polygonatum biftorum Liliaceae Menominee Analgesic. Solomon's seal, small Compound poultice of boiled, mashed root applied for sharp pains. . . . . . . . Menominee Stimulant. Solomon's seal Smudge of compound containing dried root used to revive unconscious patient. Ojibwa Cathartic. Solomon's seal, small Root used as a physic; also, decoction used as cough remedy. .. Ojibwa Cough medicine. Solomon's seal, small Decoction of root used as a cough remedy; root used as a physic. Rappahannock Dermatological aid. Solomon's seal Decoction of roots applied as a salve to cuts, bruises and sores. Rappahannock Orthopedic aid. Solomon's seal Decoction of roots applied as a salve to cuts and bruises. Polygonatum canaliculatum Liliaceae Chippewa Analgesic. POLYGONATUM COMMUTATUM Solomon's seal Decoction of root steamed and inhaled for headache. . . . . . . . . . . . . Chippewa Herbal steam. POLYGONATUM COMMUTATUM Solomon's seal Decoction of root sprinkled on hot stones as herbal steam for headache. Chippewa Misc disease remedy. POLYGONATUM COMMUTATUM Solomon's seal Roots used to prevent measles and other diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Polygonatum pubescens Liliaceae Iroquois Carminative. Solomon's seal, downy Compound decoction of plant taken for "gas on the stomach." Iroquois Eye medicine. Solomon's seal, downy Infusion of roots used as a wash for the eyes with snow blindness. Iroquois Hunting medicine. Solomon's seal, downy Compound infusion of roots used to "get a fish on each hook, every cast." Polygonum amphibium Polygonaceae Potawatomi Unspecified. Persicaria, Hartwright's Root used as a medicine for unspecified ailments. Polygonum aviculare Polygonaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Knotweed Taken for "gravel," painful urination, and bloody urine. . . . . . . . . . . . Used for "scaldhead;" infusion mixed with meal used as poultice for pain. Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Knotweed Infusion of root given for children's diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Dermatological aid. Knotweed Used for "scaldhead;" infusion mixed with meal used as poultice for pain. Cherokee Other. Knotweed Used as a poultice for "swelled and inflamed parts." Cherokee Pediatric aid. Knotweed Infusion of root given for children's diarrhea. . . . . Leaves rubbed on children's thumb to prevent thumb-sucking. Cherokee Poison. Knotweed Used to poison fish; infusion mixed with meal used as poultice for pain. Cherokee Urinary aid. Knotweed Taken for "gravel," painful urination, and bloody urine. Choctaw Gynecological aid. Deerweed Strong infusion of whole plant taken freely to prevent abortion. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Knotweed Compound poultice of raw plants applied to cuts and wounds. Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Knotweed Compound decoction taken and poultice used for baby's broken coccyx. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Knotweed Compound decoction taken and poultice used for baby's broken coccyx. Mendocino Ind Dermatological aid. Goose grass Decoction of whole plant used as an astringent. Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Knotweed Warm infusion of plant taken for stomachache. Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Knotweed Warm infusion of plant taken for stomachache. Polygonum bistorta Polygonaceae Aleut Tonic. Bistort Root used as a tonic. .............................. Polygonum careyi Polygonaceae Potawatomi Cold remedy. Persicaria, Carey's Infusion of entire plant taken to cure a cold accompanied by fever. Potawatomi Febrifuge. Persicaria, Carey's Infusion of entire plant taken to cure a cold accompanied by fever.

Genera

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(22:134) (61:41) (63:374) (63:374) (69:30) (69:30) (21:336) (21:336) (31:125) (37:284) (37:285) (37:285) (64:72) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (9:286) (37:313) (37:313) (37:313) (16:345) (84:23) (84:23) (83:263) (64:72) (64:72)

357

Polygonum

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Polygonum coccineum Polygonaceae

Fox Antidiarrheal. POLYGONUM MUHLENBERGII Persicaria, swamp Infusion of leaves and stems used to treat flux in children. Fox Gynecological aid. POLYGONUM MUHLENBERGII Persicaria, swamp Compound decoction of root taken to cure injured womb. Fox Oral aid. POLYGONUM MUHLENBERGII Persicaria, swamp Root used to treat sores in the mouth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fox Pediatric aid. POLYGONUM MUHLENBERGII Persicaria, swamp Infusion of leaves and stems used to treat flux in children. Ojibwa Analgesic. POLYGONUM MUHLENBERGII Persicaria, swamp Infusion of plant taken to cure stomach pain. . . . . . . . . . . . Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. POLYGONUM MUHLENBERGII Persicaria, swamp Infusion of plant used to cure a stomach pain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ojibwa Hunting medicine. POLYGONUM MUHLENBERGII Persicaria, swamp Plant used as hunting medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Polygonum hydropiper Polygonaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Smartweed Taken for "gravel," painful urination, and bloody urine. . . . . . . . . . . . Used for "scaldhead;" infusion mixed with meal used as poultice for pain. Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Smartweed Infusion of root given for children's diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Dermatological aid. Smartweed Used for "scaldhead;" infusion mixed with meal used as poultice for pain. Cherokee Other. Smartweed Used as a poultice for "swelled and inflamed parts." Cherokee Pediatric aid. Smartweed Infusion of root given for children's diarrhea. . ... Leaves rubbed on children's thumb to prevent thumb-sucking. Cherokee Poison. Smartweed Used to poison fish; infusion mixed with meal used as poultice for pain. Cherokee Urinary aid. Smartweed Taken for "gravel," painful urination, and bloody urine. . Iroquois Febrifuge. Smartweed Decoction of plant taken for fever, chills and "when cold." Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Smartweed Decoction of small piece of plant taken for indigestion. .. Whole plant used for swollen stomach in children. No preparation indicated. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Smartweed Whole plant used for swollen stomach in children. No preparation indicated. Polygonum lapathifolium Polygonaceae Apache Unspecified. Smartweed Plant used for medicinal purposes. . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Smartweed Cold infusion of plant used as ceremonial chant lotion. Potawatomi Febrifuge. Persicaria, dock leaved Infusion of whole plant used to cure fevers. . . . . . . Zuni Cathartic. Smartweed Decoction of plant taken as an emetic and purgative. Zuni Emetic. Smartweed Decoction of root taken as an emetic and purgative. Polygow..:.m pensylvanicum Polygonaceae Chippewa. Anticonvulsive. POLYGONUM PENNSYLVANICUM Heart seed Infusion of plant tops taken for epilepsy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fox Antidiarrheal. POLYGONUM PENNSYLVANICUM Persicaria, Pennsylvania Used to wipe anus as a cure for bloody flux; also, used to treat piles. .. Fox Hemorrhoid remedy. POLYGONUM PENNSYLVANICUM Persicaria, Pennsylvania Used as a cure for piles; also, used to wipe anus as a cure for bloody flux. . .. Iroquois Veterinary aid. POLYGONUM PENNSYLVANICUM Smartweed, Pennsylvania Decoction of plant given to horses for colic and ''when urine is bound up." Menominee Antihemorrhagic. POLYGONUM PENNSYLVANICUM Persicaria, Pennsylvania Infusion of leaf taken to stop "hemorrhage of blood from the mouth." . . . . . . . . Menominee Gynecological aid. POLYGONUM PENNSYLVANICUM Persicaria, Pennsylvania Compound infusion of leaf taken to aid post-partum healing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Polygonum persicaria Polygonaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Lady's thumb Decoction mixed with meal used as poultice for pain. ......... . Cherokee Dermatological aid. Lady's thumb Crushed leaves rubbed on poison ivy; also, infusion taken for "gravel." Cherokee Urinary aid. Lady's thumb Crushed leaves rubbed on poison ivy; also, infusion taken for "gravel."

358

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Genera

(62:236) (62:236) (62:236) (62:236) (63:381) (63:381) (63:381) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (37:314) (37:314) (37:314) (37:314) .. (53:159) . (84:23,24) (64:72) (72:58) (72:58) ... (31:129) (62:236,237) (62:236,237) (37:314) (61:47) (61:47) (35:26) (35:26) (35:26)

Polygonum

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Polygonum persicaria Polygonaceae Chippewa Analgesic. Smartweed Decoction of leaves and flowers taken for stomach pain. . . . . . . . . . . . . Chippewa Gast-intestinal aid. Smartweed Simple or compound decoction of flowers and leaves taken for stomach pain. Iroquois Antirheumatic - Ext. Smartweed Decoction of plant used as a foot and leg soak for rheumatism. Iroquois Heart medicine. Smartweed Plant used for heart trouble. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Veterinary aid. Smartweed Plant rubbed over horses to keep flies away. No preparation indicated. Polygonum punctatum Polygonaceae Chippewa Analgesic. Smartweed Compound decoction of leaves and flowers taken for stomach pain. Chippewa Gast-intestinal aid. Smartweed Compound decoction of flowers and leaves taken for stomach pain. Houma Analgesic. Smartweed Decoction of roots taken for pains and swellings in the legs and joints. Houma Orthopedic aid. Water pepper Decoction of root taken for pains and swellings in the legs and joints. Iroquois Psychological aid. Smartweed, water Compound decoction taken for "loss of senses during menses." Polygonum ramosissimum Polygonaceae Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Knotweed Warm infusion of plant taken for stomachache. Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Knotweed Warm infusion of plant taken for stomachache. Navaho-Ramah Other. Knotweed Plant used as a "life medicine." Polygonum sawatchense Polygonaceae Navaho-Ramah Nose medicine. Knotweed Plant used as snuff for nose troubles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Polygonum sp. Polygonaceae Iroquois Gynecological aid. POLYGONUM ARENASTRUM Knotweed Decoction of whole plant used for miscarriage injuries and lame back. Iroquois Love medicine. POLYGONUM ARENA STRUM Knotweed Powdered dry root placed in other person's tea as a love medicine. Iroquois Orthopedic aid. POLYGONUM ARENASTRUM Knotweed Decoction of whole plant used for miscarriage injuries and lame back. Iroquois Veterinary aid. POLYGONUM ARENASTRUM Knotweed Decoction of plant mixed with feed given to heifers to restore their milk. Polymnia canadensis Asteraceae Houma Dermatological aid. Merlin grass Poultice of crushed leaves applied to reduce swellings. . . . . . . Iroquois Toothache remedy. Leaf cup, small flowered Plant used for toothaches. No preparation or application given. Polymnia uvedalia Asteraceae Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Bear's foot Plant used for rheumatism; also, for "white swelling." Cherokee Burn dressing. Bear's foot Bruised root used on burns; also, as a salve for cuts. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Bear's foot Bruised root used on burns; also, as a salve for cuts. Poultice of root for "inflammations;" bruised root in hog's lard for itch. Cherokee Emetic. Leafcup Decoction of roots taken to vomit to expel the afterbirth. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Bear's foot Compound decoction used "for expelling afterbirth." Cherokee Gynecological aid. Leafcup Decoction of roots taken to vomit to expel the afterbirth. Cherokee Other. Bear's foot Plant used for rheumatism; also, for "white swelling." Iroquois Analgesic. Leaf cup, yellow . Compound infusion of stalks and roots taken for back pain. Iroquois Antiemetic. Leaf cup, yellow Compound infusion of stalks and roots taken for vomiting. Iroquois Disinfectant. Leaf cup, yellow Dried roots used as fumigant for ghosts. No preparation or application given. Iroquois Febrifuge. Leaf cup, yellow Infusion of roots taken for fevers.

Genera

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(21:344) (21:344) (37:315) (37:315) (37:315) (21:344) (21:344) (68:58) (68:58) (37:315) (84:24) (84:24) (84:24) (84:24) (37:314) (37:314) (37:314) (37:314) (68:63) (37:468) (35:42) (35:42) (35:42) (35:42) (79:63) (35:42) (79:63) (35:42) (37:467) (37:467) (37:468) (37:467)

359

Polymnia

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Polymnia uvedalia Asteraceae

Iroquois Kidney aid. Leaf cup, yellow Compound infusion of stalks and roots taken for kidney troubles. Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Leaf cup, yellow Compound infusion of stalks and roots taken for back pain. . . . . . Iroquois Sedative. Leaf cup, yellow Dried root smoke used as rub to sleep without being disturbed by ghosts. Polypodium califomicum Polypodiaceae Mendocino Ind Eye medicine. Fern Infusion of roots used as a wash for sore eyes. . . . . . . . . . . Wailaki Antirheumatic - Ext. Fern Root juice rubbed on sores and areas affected by rheumatism. Wailaki Dermatological aid. Fern Root juice rubbed on sores and areas affected by rheumatism. Polypodium glycyrrhiza Polypodiaceae Cowlitz Misc disease remedy. POLYPODIUM VULGARE t Fern, licorice Infusion of crushed stems taken for the measles. . . . . . . . . . . Green River Cough medicine. POLYPODIUM VULGARE t Fern, licorice Baked or raw roots used as a cough medicine. . . . . . . . . . Klallam Cough medicine. POLYPODIUM VULGARE t Fern, licorice Baked or raw roots used as a cough medicine. . . . . . . . Kwakiutl Antidiarrheal. Fern, licorice Compound decoction of plants or roots taken for diarrhea. Kwakiutl Antiemetic. Fern, licorice Roots sucked and juice swallowed to stop vomiting blood. Kwakiutl Antihemorrhagic. Fern, licorice Roots sucked and juice swallowed to stop vomiting blood. Makah Cough medicine. POLYPODIUM VULGARE t Fern, licorice Peeled stems chewed for coughs. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quinault Cough medicine. POLYPODIUM VULGARE t Fern, licorice Baked or raw roots used as a cough medicine. . . . . . . . . . . Polypodium polypodioides Polypodiaceae Houma Analgesic. MARGINARIA POLYPODIOIDES Fern, resurrection Decoction of fronds taken for headaches and dizziness. . . . . . . . . . . . . Houma Oral aid. MARGINARIA POLYPODIOIDES Fern, resurrection Cold decoction of fronds used as a wash for babies' sore mouth or thrush. Decoction of fronds used to cure bleeding gums. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Houma Pediatric aid. MARGINARIA POLYPODIOIDES Fern, resurrection Cold decoction of fronds used as a wash for babies' sore mouth or thrush. Houma Stimulant. MARGINARIA POLYPODIOIDES Fern, resurrection Decoction of fronds taken for headaches and dizziness. . . . . . . . . . . . . Polypodium sp. Polypodiaceae Nootka Alterative. POLYPODIUM FALCATUM Polypody Plant used for venereal complaints; an excellent alterative. Nootka Venereal aid. POLYPODIUM FALCATUM Polypody Plant used for venereal complaints; an excellent alterative. Polypodium virginianum Polypodiaceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Walink Poultice used for inflamed swellings and wounds; infusion taken for hives. Iroquois Misc disease remedy. Polypody Compound decoction taken for cholera. Micmac Pulmonary aid. Polypody, rock Roots used to treat pleurisy. . . . . . . Polypodium vulgare Polypodiaceae Bella Coola Analgesic. Polypody Simple or compound decoction taken for pains in the stomach. . . . . . . . . . . Bella Coola Gast-intestinal aid. Polypody Compound decoction of root taken for stomach pain, not vomiting or diarrhea. Bella Coola Throat aid. Polypody Roots chewed for swollen sore throat; compound decoction for stomach pain. Polypogon monspeliensis Poaceae Navaho-Kayenta Heart medicine. Infusion of ashes taken for palpitations. Polystichum acrostichoides Polypodiaceae Cherokee Antirheumatic - Ext. Fern, Christmas Decoction of roots rubbed on area affected by rheumatism. . . . . . . . . . . . . Roots are used in "medicine rubbed on skin for rheumatism after scratching." Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Fern, Christmas Infusion taken for rheumatism; also, taken for pneumonia. . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Emetic. Fern, Christmas Roots are an ingredient in an emetic; also, infusion taken for rheumatism.

360

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Genera

(37:467) (37:467) (37:467) (16:303) (16:303) (16:303) (34:13) (34:13) (34:13) (82:266) (82:264) (82:264) (34:13) (34:13) (68:55) (68:55) (68:55) (68:55) (68:55) · (74:80,81) · (74:80,81) · (35:60,61) (37:260) (15:59) (60:48) (60:48) (60:48) (91:16) . (79:3) (35:33) (35:33) (35:33)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Polystichum

Table 1: Genera - Polystichum acrostichoides Polypodiaceae Cherokee Febrifuge. Fern, Christmas Compound decoction taken for chills; also, infusion taken for fever. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Fern, Christmas Cold infusion of root for "stomachache or bowel complaint." Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Fern, Christmas Infusion taken for rheumatism; also, taken for pneumonia. Cherokee Toothache remedy. Fern, Christmas Compound decoction used for toothache; also, used for chills. Iroquois Analgesic. Fern, Christmas Decoction of plant for cramps in children. . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Anticonvulsive. Fern, Christmas Poultice of wet, smashed roots on back and head for convulsions of children. Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Fern, Christmas Compound decoction taken for diarrhea. . ................... . Iroquois Antirheumatic - Ext. Fern, Christmas Infusion of smashed roots as a foot soak for "rheumatism" in back and legs. Iroquois Blood medicine. Fern, Christmas Cold compound decoction taken for weak blood and as a blood purifier. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Fern, Christmas Poultice of wet, smashed roots on back and head for red spots on children. Iroquois Emetic. Fern, Christmas Infusion of roots taken as an emetic for dyspepsia and consumption. Iroquois Febrifuge. Fern, Christmas Decoction of vine with small leaves for fever in children. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Fern, Christmas Plant taken before and after baby to clean womb. . ... Roots used as a "Lady's medicine," for the insides. No preparation indicated. Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Fern, Christmas Poultice applied to back and feet for spinal trouble & sore backs in babies. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Fern, Christmas Decoction of plant for cramps in children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Decoction of vine with small leaves for fever in children. . . . . . . . . . . . Poultice applied to back & feet for spinal trouble and sore back of babies. Poultice of wet, smashed roots on back and head for convulsions of children. Poultice of wet, smashed roots on back and head for red spots on children. Iroquois Stimulant. Fern, Christmas Decoction of plant given to children (sometimes mother too) for listlessness. Iroquois Throat aid. Fern, Christmas Powder, inhale, cough up, when a man can't talk. Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Fern, Christmas Infusion of roots taken as emetic for consumption. Iroquois Venereal aid. Fern, Christmas Compound decoction used as a blood purifier and for venereal disease. Micmac Throat aid. Fern, Christmas Roots used to treat hoarseness. Polystichum munitum Polypodiaceae Cowlitz Dermatological aid. Fern, sword Infusion of stems used as a wash for sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kwakiutl Gynecological aid. Fern, sword Boughs placed under bed of young girl to have as many children as plants. KwakiutlOther. Fern, sword Plant used as a charm to call the northwest wind. Lummi Gynecological aid. Fern, sword Leaves chewed by women to facilitate childbirth. Quileute Dermatological aid. Fern, sword Poultice of chewed leaves applied to sores and boils. Quinault Burn dressing. Fern, sword Poultice of spore sacs from the leaves applied to burns. Quinault Dermatological aid. Fern, sword Decoction of roots used as a wash for dandruff. Swinomish Throat aid. Fern, sword Raw plant chewed and eaten for sore throats or tonsilitis. Polytaenia nuttallii Apiaceae Fox Antidiarrheal. Parsley, Nuttall's prairie Decoction of seeds taken by women for severe diarrhea. Fox Gynecological aid. Parsley, Nuttall's prairie Decoction of seeds taken by women for severe diarrhea. Pontederia cordata Pontederiaceae Micmac Contraceptive. Pickerel weed Herbs used to prevent pregnancy.

Genera

(35:33) (35:33) (35:33) (35:33) (37:256) (37:257) (37:257) (37:256) (37:257) (37:257) (37:256) (37:256) (37:257) (37:257) (37:256) (37:256) (37:256) (37:256) (37:257) (37:257) (37:257) (37:257) (37:257) (37:257) (15:59) (34:13) (82:265) (82:265) (34:13) (34:13) (34:13) (34:13) (34:13) (62:249) (62:249) (15:59)

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361

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Pontederia

Table 1: Genera -Pontederia cordata Pontederiaceae Montagnais Panacea. Pickerel weed "Brew" made from plant used to treat "illness in general." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Populus alba Salicaceae Iroquois Cold remedy. Poplar, white Infusion of inner bark taken as a tonic; also "cleans you out after a cold." Iroquois Love medicine. Poplar, white Compound decoction of branches used as a body wash for anti-love medicine. Iroquois Tonic. Poplar, white Infusion of inner bark taken as a tonic; also "cleans you out after a cold." .. Ojibwa Antirheumatic - Ext. Poplar, white Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for general illnesses and rheumatism .. Ojibwa Blood medicine. Poplar, white Bark and root infusion or bark decoction taken for internal blood diseases. Ojibwa Panacea. Poplar, white Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for general illnesses and rheumatism .. Ojibwa Unspecified. Poplar, white Roots and bark used for medicinal purposes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Populus angustifolia Salicaceae Montana Ind. Misc disease remedy. Inner bark used as an anti-scorbutic food; also, used for "kinnikinnink." Montana Ind. Other. Inner bark used as an anti-scorbutic food; also, used for "kinnikinnink." Populus balsamifera Salicaceae Chippewa Analgesic. Poplar, balsam Compound decoction of root taken for back pain and "female weakness." Chippewa Dermatological aid. Poplar, balsam Decoction of buds used as salve for frost bite, sores and inflamed wounds. Chippewa Gynecological aid. Poplar, balsam Compound decoction of root taken for back pain and "female weakness." Compound infusion of root taken for excessive flowing during confinement. Chippewa Heart medicine. Poplar, balsam Compound decoction of root, bud, and blossom prepared ceremonially for heart. Chippewa Orthopedic aid. Poplar, balsam Poultice of infusion or decoction of buds for sprains or strained muscles. Iroquois Anthelmintic. Poplar, balsam Compound decoction with bark taken to kill worms in adults. Iroquois Antirheum[1tic - Int. Poplar, balsam Used for arthritis. No preparation or application indicated. . Iroquois Blood medicine. Poplar, balsam Compound with whisky taken as blood remedy and for tape worms. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Poplar, balsam Compound decoction used for skin eruptions and scabs. No application given. Iroquois Laxative. Poplar, balsam Compound decoction of bark taken as a laxative. . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Veterinary aid. Poplar, balsam Decoction of bark taken for worms in people and given to horses. Micmac Dermatological aid. Balm of Gilead Buds and other parts of plant used as salve for sores; also, for chancre. Micmac Venereal aid. Balm of Gilead Buds and other parts of plant used as salve for sores; also, for chancre. Montana Ind. Misc disease remedy. Inner bark used as an anti-scorbutic food; also, used for "kinnikinnink." Montana Ind. Other. Inner bark used as an anti-scorbutic food; also, used for "kinnikinnink." Ojibwa Antirheumatic - Ext. Poplar, balsam Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for general illnesses and rheumatism .. Ojibwa Blood medicine. Poplar, balsam Decoction of bark taken for internal blood diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ojibwa Cold remedy. Poplar, balsam Buds cooked in grease rubbed in nostrils for cold, catarrh, or bronchitis. Ojibwa Dermatological aid. Poplar, balsam Buds cooked in grease used as'salve for cuts, wounds, or bruises. Ojibwa Panacea. Poplar, balsam Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for general illnesses and rheumatism .. Ojibwa Respiratory aid. Poplar, balsam Buds cooked in grease rubbed in nostrils for cold, catarrh, or bronchitis. Potawatomi Dermatological aid. Poplar, balsam Buds melted with tallow used as ointment for sores or eczema. . . . . . . .

362

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Genera

. (66:315)

(37:293) (37:293) (37:293) · (52:231) · (52:231) (52:231) (52:243) (3:19) (3:19) (21:356) (31:126) (21:356) (21:358) · (21:338) · (21:362) (37:291) (37:292) (37:292) (37:291) (37:291) (37:291) (15:59) (15:59) (3:19) (3:19) (52:231) (52:231) (63:387) (63:387) (52:231) (63:387) (64:80,81)

Populus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera -POPW:IlJi blasamifera Salicaceae Bella Coola Analgesic. POPULUS TRICHOCARPA t Cottonwood, black Branches with leaves used in a sweat bath for pains similar to rheumatism. Decoction of rotten leaves used as a bath for body pain. . . . . . . . . . . . . Poultice of compound containing buds applied for pains in lungs or hips. Bella Coola Antirheumatic - Ext. POPULUS TRICHOCARPA t Cottonwood, black Leaves used in sweat bath for pains similar to rheumatism. . . . . . . . . . . Bella Coola Diaphoretic. POPULUS TRICHOCARPA t Cottonwood, black Branches with leaves used in a sweat bath for pains similar to rheumatism. Bella Coola Orthopedic aid. POPULUS TRICHOCARPA t Cottonwood, black Poultice of compound containing buds applied to lungs or hips for pain. Bella Coola Pulmonary aid. POPULUS TRICHOCARPA t Cottonwood, black Poultice of compound containing buds applied for pains in lungs. N Carrier Dermatological aid. POPULUS TRICHOCARPA t Cottonwood, black Poultice of chewed green roots applied to wounds to stop bleeding. N Carrier Eye medicine. POPULUS TRICHOCARPA t Cottonwood, black Decoction of inner bark used as an eye wash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Gast-intestinal aid. POPULUS TRICHOCARPA t Cottonwood, black Decoction of sap taken for stomach disorders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . S Carrier Cough medicine. POPULUS TRICHOCARPA t Cottonwood, black Decoction of buds taken for "coughs and lung affections." . . . . . . S Carrier Insecticide. POPULUS TRICHOCARPA t Cottonwood, black Resin from buds used to repel mosquitoes, black flies, and gadflies. S Carrier Pulmonary aid. POPULUS TRICHOCARPA t Cottonwood, black Decoction of buds taken for "coughs and lung affections." . . . . . . Shoshone Analgesic. POPULUS TRICHOCARPA t Cottonwood, black Decoction of root used as a lotion for headaches. . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Blood medicine. POPULUS TRICHOCARPA t Cottonwood, black Compound decoction of bark taken as a blood tonic. . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Tonic. POPULUS TRICHOCARPA t Cottonwood, black Compound decoction of bark taken as a blood tonic and for general debility. Shoshone Tuberculosis remedy. POPULUS TRICHOCARPA t Cottonwood, black Simple or compound decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis. Shoshone Venereal aid. POPULUS TRICHOCARPA t Cottonwood, black Simple or compound decoction of bark taken for venereal disease. . . . . . Populus deltoides Salicaceae Delaware-Okl Gynecological aid. Cottonwood Simple or compound infusion taken for "weakness and debility in women." Montana Ind. Misc disease remedy. Cottonwood Inner bark used as an anti-scorbutic food; also, used for "kinnikinnink." Montana Ind. Other. Cottonwood Inner bark used as an anti-scorbutic food; also, used for "kinnikinnink." Nanticoke Orthopedic aid. Poplar Compound containing bark used as a lotion for sprains. . . . . . . . .. . Populus fremontii Salicaceae Kawaiisu Orthopedic aid. Cottonwood, Fremont Decoction of inner bark used as a wash for broken limbs. Kawaiisu Other. Cottonwood, Fremont Poultice of inner bark applied to injured areas. Mendocino Ind Dermatological aid. Cottonwood, common Decoction of bark used as a wash for bruises and cuts. Mendocino Ind Veterinary aid. Cottonwood, common Decoction of bark used as a wash for horse sores caused by chafing. Pima Dermatological aid. Cottonwood, valley Decoction of plant used as wash for sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Yuki Cold remedy. Cottonwood Infusion of bark or leaves taken for sore throats, colds, cuts and sores. Yuki Dermatological aid. Cottonwood Decoction of bark used as a wash for sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Infusion of bark or leaves taken for sore throats, colds, cuts and sores. Yuki Throat aid. Cottonwood Infusion of bark or leaves taken for sore throats, colds, cuts and sores. Populus giJeadensis Salicaceae Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. POPULUS CANDICANS Balm of Gilead Tincture of buds used for chronic rheumatism and old venereal complaints. Cherokee Dermatological aid. POPULUS CANDICANS Balm of Gilead Juice of buds used on sores, and tincture of buds used for colic and bowels. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. POPULUS CANDICANS Balm of Gilead Juice of buds used on sores, and tincture of buds used for colic and bowels. Cherokee Stimulant. POPULUS CANDICANS Balm of Gilead Given to "persons of phlegmatic habits." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Genera

(60:54) (60:54) (60:54) (60:54) (60:54) (60:54) (60:54) (60:54) (60:54) (81:121,122) (60:54) (60:54) (60:54) (81:121,122) (81:121,122) (81:121,122) (81:121,122) (81:121,122) . (77:26,78) (3:19) (3:19) . (77:56,84) (92:53) (92:53) (16:330) (16:330) (17:109) (18:46) (18:46) (18:46) (18:46) (35:24) (35:24) (35:24) (35:24)

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363

Populus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Populus gi1eademis Salicaceae

Cherokee Toothache remedy. POPULUS CANDICANS Balm of Gilead Taken by "persons of phlegmatic habitsj" also, used for aching teeth. Cherokee Venereal aid. POPULUS CANDICANS Balm of Gilead Tincture of buds used for chronic rheumatism and old venereal complaints. Iroquois Oral aid. Balm of Gilead Compound infusion used as a wash for ulcers in the mouth. . . . . . . . . Menominee Cold remedy. POPULUS CANDICANS Balm of Gilead Decoction of resinous buds in fat used in the nostrils to cure a headcold. Menominee Dermatological aid. POPULUS CANDICANS Balm of Gilead Decoction of resinous buds in fat used as a salve for wounds. . . . . . . . Populus grandidentata Salicaceae Iroquois Dermatological aid. Aspen, large toothed Dust, off the bark, applied to parts affected by itch. Ojibwa Hemostat. Aspen, large toothed Infusion of young root used as a "hemostatic." ... Populus nigra Salicaceae Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Poplar, English Tincture of buds used for chronic rheumatism and old venereal complaints. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Poplar, English Juice of buds used on sores, and tincture of buds used for colic and bowels. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Poplar, English Juice of buds used on sores, and tincture of buds used for colic and bowels. Cherokee Stimulant. Poplar, English Given to "persons of phlegmatic habits." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Toothache remedy. Poplar, English Taken by "persons of phlegmatic habitsj" also, used for aching teeth. Cherokee Venereal aid. Poplar, English Tincture of buds used for chronic rheumatism and old venereal complaints. Populus sp. Salicaceae Chickasaw Antidiarrheal. Decoction of roots taken for dysentery. , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Choctaw Herbal steam. POPULUS ANGULATA Steam from decoction of stems, bark, & leaves used to treat snake bites. Choctaw Snake bite remedy. POPULUS ANGULATA Decoction of stems, bark and leaves used as a steam bath for snake bites. Steam from decoction of stems, bark, & leaves used to treat snake bites. Costanoan Orthopedic aid. Decoction of bark made into a syrup used to set broken bones. Cree Cathartic. Poplar Inner bark eaten as a purgative. .. Cree Cough medicine. Poplar Decoction of bark taken for coughs. Cree Dermatological aid. Poplar Bark used for its astringent qualities. Creek Kidney aid. Cottonwood Decoction of root used as wash in cases of dropsy. Creek Orthopedic aid. Cottonwood Decoction of bark poured over fractured limbsj splints made from inner bark. Decoction of bark poured over sprained ankles or other joints. Creek Orthopedic aid. Decoction of bark used as a wash for a broken arm. Omaha Ceremonial medicine. POPULUS SARGENTII Plant used in various rituals. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . S Ojibwa Dermatological aid. POPULUS MONILIFERA Cottonwood Cotton down used as an absorbent on open sores. . . . . . . . Populus tremuloides Salicaceae Bella Coola Venereal aid. Aspen Decoction of root bark taken for gonorrhea with urethral hemorrhage. Chippewa Dermatological aid. Aspen Poultice, of chewed bark or root applied to cuts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chippewa Gynecological aid. Aspen Compound infusion of root taken for "excessive flowing" during confinement. Chippewa Heart medicine. Aspen Compound decoction of inner bark prepared ceremonially for heart trouble. Delaware-Ont Cold remedy. Aspen, quaking Compound containing bark taken for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fox Cold remedy. Aspen, trembling Decoction of buds as nasal salve for colds and coughs in children and adults. Fox Cough medicine. Aspen, trembling Decoction of buds as nasal salve for coughs and colds in children and adults.

364

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Genera

(35:24) (35:24) (37:292) (61:52) (61:52) ... (37:293) (63:387,388) (35:24) (35:24) (35:24) (35:24) (35:24) (35:24) (79:11) . (8:23) (79:12) (8:23) (5:21) (40:303) (40:303) (40:303) (75:660) (75:660) (75:660) (79:11) (28:322) (39:199) (60:54) (21:350) (21:358) (21:338) (77:82) (62:245) (62:245)

Populus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera -Populus tremuloides Salicaceae Fox Pediatric aid. Aspen, trembling Decoction of buds as nasal salve for coughs and colds in children or adults. Gitksan Cathartic. Aspen Decoction of bark taken as a purgative. . . . . . . . . . . Gitksan Dermatological aid. Aspen Poultice of chewed or mashed root bark applied to cuts. Hopi Ceremonial medicine. POPULUS AUREA Aspen, Rocky Mountain Plant smoked in ceremonies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hopi Other. POPULUS AUREA Aspen, Rocky Mountain Plant smoked in ceremonies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Anthelmintic. Aspen, trembling Decoction of bark taken for worms by people and mixed with feed for horses. Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Aspen, trembling Infusion of bark taken for cramps caused by worms. Iroquois Misc disease remedy. Aspen, trembling Cold compound of bark infusion taken for measles. Poultice of wetted bark applied for pleurisy. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Aspen, trembling Infusion of bark from young trees given when "baby cries, but is not sick." Infusion of bark or decoction of young shoots given to children for worms. Iroquois Urinary aid. Aspen, trembling Compound used to stop bed wetting. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Venereal aid. Aspen, trembling Infusion of roots or bark used internally & externally for venereal diseases. Iroquois Veterinary aid. Aspen, trembling Decoction of bark given to dogs and cats with fits caused by worms. Decoction of bark taken for worms by people and mixed with feed for horses. Micmac Cold remedy. Poplar Bark used to stimulate the appetite; also, used to treat colds. Micmac Dietary aid. Poplar Bark used to stimulate the appetite; also, used to treat colds. Montagnais Anthelmintic. Poplar Infusion of dried bark given to children suffering from worms. Montana Ind. Misc disease remedy. Aspen, quaking Inner bark used as an anti-scorbutic food; also, used for "kinnikinnink." Montana Ind. Other. Aspen, quaking Inner bark used as an anti-scorbutic food; also, used for "kinnikinnink." Ojibwa Dermatological aid. Aspen, quaking Poultice of bark applied to cuts and wounds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ojibwa Orthopedic aid. Aspen, quaking Poultice of inner bark applied to sore arm or leg; as splint for broken limb .. Okanagan Antirheumatic - Ext. Aspen, quaking Decoction of stems and branches taken and used as a wash for rheumatism. Okanagan Antirheumatic - Int. Aspen, quaking Decoction of stems and branches taken and used as a wash for rheumatism. Okanagan Gast-intestinal aid. Aspen, quaking Decoction of stems and branches taken for dyspepsia. Penobscot Cold remedy. Poplar Infusion of bark taken as a diaphoretic for colds. Penobscot Diaphoretic. Poplar Infusion of bark taken as a diaphoretic for colds. Potawatomi Veterinary aid. Aspen, quaking Ashes of burned bark mixed with lard used as a salve for sores on horses. S Carrier Analgesic. Aspen Decoction of bark taken for pain in the stomach. S Carrier Gast-intestinal aid. Aspen Decoction of bark taken for stomach pain. Salish an Venereal aid. Aspen, quaking Decoction of rootlets and stems taken for syphilis. Shoshone Venereal aid. Aspen, quaking Decoction of bark taken over a long period of time for venereal disease. Sikani Anthelmintic. Aspen Infusion of scraped bark taken for worms; causes a stool immediately. Sikani Dermatological aid. Aspen Poultice of pulverized bark and water applied as paste to wounds. Tewa Urinary aid. Aspen Decoction of leaves taken for urinary trouble. . .......... . Thompson Ind Antirheumatic - Ext. Aspen, quaking Decoction of stems and branches taken and used as a wash for rheumatism.

Genera

(62:245) (60:54) (60:54) (88:71) (88:71) (37:292) (37:292) (37:292) (37:292) (37:292) (37:293) (37:293) (37:292) (37:293) (37:292) (15:59) (15:59) (66:315) (3:19) (3:19) (63:388) (63:388) (48:41) (48:41) (48:41) (66:310) (66:310) (64:81) (60:54) (60:54) (80:294) (81:120,121) (60:54) (60:54) (54:42) (48:41)

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365

Populus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Populus tremuloides Salicaceae Thompson Ind Antirheumatic - Int. Aspen, quaking Decoction of stems and branches taken and used as a wash for rheumatism. Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Aspen, quaking Wood ash mixed with water or grease used as a salve on swellings. Thompson Ind Disinfectant. Aspen, quaking Decoction of bark rubbed on adolescents' bodies for purification. Thompson Ind Gast-intestinal aid. Aspen, quaking Decoction of stems and branches taken for dyspepsia. . . . . . . Thompson Ind Pediatric aid. Aspen, quaking Decoction of bark rubbed on adolescents' bodies for purification. Thompson Ind Venereal aid. Aspen, quaking Decoction of branches or roots taken and used as a wash to treat syphilis. Populus trichocarpa Salicaceae Karok Love medicine. Cottonwood, black Leaves used as a love medicine. Klallam Eye medicine. Cottonwood Infusion of buds used as an eye wash. Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Cottonwood, black Buds and oil used as a hair tonic. . . . . . . . Buds rubbed on the skin to prevent sunburn. Quinault Dermatological aid. Cottonwood Gum of burls applied as an antiseptic to cuts and wounds. Quinault Disinfectant. Cottonwood Gum of burls applied as an antiseptic to cuts and wounds. Quinault Tuberculosis remedy. Cottonwood Infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis. Shuswap Dermatological aid. Cottonwood, black Poultice of pitch applied to sores. . . . . . . . Squaxin Dermatological aid. Cottonwood Infusion of bruised leaves used as an antiseptic for cuts. Squaxin Disinfectant. Cottonwood Infusion of bruised leaves applied as an antiseptic for cuts. Squaxin Throat aid. Cottonwood Infusion of bark used as a gargle for sore throats. Porophyllum sp. Asteraceae Paiute Abortifacient. POROPHYLLUM LEUCOSPERMUM Decoction of root taken as "a regulator for delayed menstruation." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Portulaca oleracea Portulacaceae Cherokee Anthelmintic. Purslane, common Compound decoction taken for worms; also, juice used for earache. Cherokee Ear medicine. Purslane, common Compound decoction taken for worms; also, juice used for earache. Iroquois Antidote. Purslane, common Is good as medicine to cure you if someone has given you some bad medicine. Iroquois Burn dressing. Purslane, common Entire plant used as a poultice on bruises and mashed plant used on burns. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Purslane, common Entire plant used as a poultice on bruises and mashed plant used on burns. Navaho Analgesic. Purslane, common Plant used for pain. . ............ . Navaho Gast-intestinal aid. Purslane, common Plant taken for stomachaches. Navaho Panacea. Purslane, common Plant used to "cure sick people." Rappahannock Dermatological aid. Pusley Compound decoction of bruised leaves applied as salve for "footage" trouble. Portulaca retusa Portulacaceae Navaho-Kayenta Misc disease remedy. Plant used as lotion for scarlet fever. Potamogeton natans Zosteraceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Pondweed Decoction of plant taken as ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Pondweed Decoction of plant taken as ceremonial emetic. Potamogeton sp. Zosteraceae Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Pondweed Compound poultice bound to "soreness all over in men from being witched." . . . . . . . . Potentilla anserina Rosaceae Blackfeet Antidiarrheal. ARGENTINA ANSERINA Silver weed Root used to treat diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

366

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Genera

(48:41) (71:464) (71:504) (48:41) (71:504) (71:464) (58:381) (34:26) (82:292) (82:292) (34:26) (34:26) (34:26) (47:68) (34:26) (34:26) (34:26) (81:122) (35:51) (35:51) (37:318) (37:318) (37:318) (23:97) (23:47) (23:47) (69:28) (91:22) (84:15) (84:15) (37:272) (45:275)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Potentilla

Table 1: Genera - Potentilla anserina Rosaceae Kwakiutl Analgesic. ARGENTINA ANSERINA Decoction of root mixed with catfish oil smeared on painful places. Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. ARGENTINA ANSERINA Decoction of root mixed with catfish oil smeared on painful places. Potentilla arguta Rosaceae Chippewa Analgesic. DRYMOCALLIS ARGUTA Five finger Dry, pulverized root pricked into temples or placed in nostrils for headache. Chippewa Antidiarrheal. DRYMOCALLIS ARGUTA Five finger Simple or compound decoction of root taken for dysentery. Chippewa Dermatological aid. DRYMOCALLIS ARGUTA Five finger Poultice of moistened dried, powdered root applied to cuts. Potentilla canadensis Rosaceae Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Cinquefoil, dwarf Infusion of pounded roots taken for diarrhea. Natchez Witchcraft medicine. Cinquefoil Plant given to one who was bewitched. . Potentilla crinita Rosaceae Navaho-Ramah Other. Cinquefoil Cold infusion of whole plant taken as "life medicine." ..................... . Potentilla egedei Rosaceae Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Cinquefoil Poultice of boiled roots and oil applied to sores and swellings. Kwakiutl Eye medicine. Cinquefoil Root juice used as a wash for inflamed eyes. Potentilla jruticosa Rosaceae Cheyenne Ceremonial medicine. DASIPHORA FRUTICOSA Dried, powdered leaves rubbed over hands, arms and body for Contrary dance. Cheyenne Other. Cinquefoil, shrubby Plant used as a medicine against an enemy. Cheyenne Poison. Cinquefoil, shrubby Plant is poisonous. . . . . . . . . Potentilla glandulosa Rosaceae Gosiute Dermatological aid. Five finger Plant taken and poultice of plant applied to swollen parts. Gosiute Unspecified. Five finger Root used as medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Okanagan Stimulant. Cinquefoil Infusion of whole plant taken as a stimulant and tonic. Okanagan Tonic. Cinquefoil Infusion of whole plant taken as a stimulant and tonic. Thompson Ind Stimulant. Cinquefoil Decoction of leaves or whole plant said to be slightly stimulant. Infusion of whole plant taken as a stimulant and tonic. Weak decoction of leaves taken as a stimulant. . . . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Tonic. Cinquefoil Decoction of plant taken as a tonic for "general out-of-sorts feeling." Infusion of whole plant taken as a stimulant and tonic . . . . . . . . . . Potentilla hippiana Rosaceae Navaho-Kayenta Burn dressing. Plant used as lotion for burns. . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Powdered plant applied to sores caused by a bear. Navaho-Kayenta Gynecological aid. Plant used to expedite childbirth. . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Cinquefoil Poultice of fresh leaves applied to injury. Navaho-Ramah Other. Cinquefoil Cold infusion of root taken as "life medicine." Potentilla hyparctica Rosaceae Eskimo Unspecified. Sweet potato, wild Root eaten for its medicinal value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Potentilla norvegica Rosaceae Chippewa Throat aid. POTENTILLA MONSPELIENSIS Cinquefoil Decoction of root gargled or root chewed for sore throat. Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. POTENTILLA MONSPELIENSIS Cinquefoil Cold infusion of whole plant used for pain. . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Venereal aid. POTENTILLA MONSPELIENSIS Cinquefoil Fumes from plant used to treat sexual infection. . . . . . . . . Ojibwa Cathartic. POTENTILLA MONSPELIENSIS Cinquefoil, rough Plant known to be a physic, even by the very young.

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Genera

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(4:382) (4:382) (21:338) (21:344) (21:350) (37:353) (75:667) (84:31) (82:289) (82:289) (33:176) (36:35) (36:35) (14:378) (14:378) (48:42) (48:42) (71:494) (48:42) (71:469) (71:469) (48:42) (91:26) (91:26) (91:26) (84:31) (84:31) (59:325) (21:342) (84:31) (84:31) (63:384)

367

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Potentilla

Table 1: Genera -Potentilla norvegica Rosaceae Potawatomi Unspecified. POTENTILLA MONSPELIENSIS Cinquefoil, rough Root used for unspecified malady. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (64:77) Potentilla palusf:ris Rosaceae Chippewa Antidiarrheal. Marshlocks ... (21:344) Decoction of root taken for dysentery. . . . . . . Ojibwa Analgesic. Five finger, marsh (63:384,385) Plant used alone as a cure for stomach cramps. Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. Five finger, marsh (63:384,385) Plant used to cure stomach cramps. . . . . . . Potentilla pensylvanica Rosaceae Navaho-Ramah Other. POTENTILLA PENNSYLVANICA Cinquefoil (84;31) Root used as "life medicine." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Potentilla simplex Rosaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. PONTENTILLA SIMPLEX Cinquefoil, five finger (35:29) Infusion of root used as mouthwash for "thrash;" also, taken for dysentery. Cherokee Dermatological aid. PONTENTILLA SIMPLEX Cinquefoil, five finger (35:29) Root is astringent; infusion of root used as a mouthwash to cure "thrash." Cherokee Febrifuge. PONTENTILLA SIMPLEX Cinquefoil, five finger (35:29) Used for ''fevers and acute diseases with great debility." . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Oral aid. PONTENTILLA SIMPLEX Cinquefoil, five finger (35:29) Infusion of root used as mouthwash for "thrash;" also, taken for dysentery. Cherokee Pulmonary aid. PONTENTILLA SIMPLEX Cinquefoil, five finger (35:29) Root eaten and infusion of root used by ballplayers "for wind" and safety. Potentilla sp. Rosaceae Cherokee Febrifuge. Five finger (90:74) Infusion given for fevers. Prenanthes alata Asteraceae Bella Coola Analgesic. Rattlesnake root (60:65) Poultice of chewed root applied to burns or any painful part of the body. Bella Coola Burn dressing. Rattlesnake root (60:65) Poultice of chewed root applied to burns or any painful part of body. Bella Coola Cold remedy. Rattlesnake root (60:65) Decoction of root taken for colds; small dose given to babies. . . . . Bella Coola Pediatric aid. Rattlesnake root (60:65) Decoction of roots taken daily for colds; small dose given to babies. Prenanthes alba Asteraceae Chippewa Gynecological aid. Rattlesnake root (21:360) Dried, powdered root added to food to produce postpartum milk flow. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Rattlesnake root (37:479) Poultice of roots applied to dog bites. Iroquois Snake bite remedy. Rattlesnake root (37:478) Poultice of roots applied to rattlesnake bites. Iroquois Stimulant. Rattlesnake root Infusion of smashed roots used as wash for weakness. · (37:478) Ojibwa Diuretic. PRENANTHUS ALBA Lettuce, white Milk of lettuce used as a diuretic, especially in female diseases. · (63:365) Ojibwa Gynecological aid. PRENANTHUS ALBA Lettuce, white Milk of plant as diuretic for female diseases; root used as a female remedy. · (63:365) Prenanthes altissima Asteraceae Iroquois Snake bite remedy. Lettuce, tall Poultice of smashed roots applied to rattlesnake bites. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:480) Prenanthes Asteraceae Choctaw Analgesic. N ABALUS ASPER Lettuce, rough white Decoction of the roots & plant tops used as a stimulating diuretic & anodyne. (9:288) Choctaw Diuretic. NABALUS ASPER Lettuce, rough white (9:288) Decoction of the roots & plant tops used as a stimulating diuretic & anodyne. Choctaw Other. NABALUS ASPER Lettuce, rough white (9:288) Plant used as a "secernant" and a stimubnt. . . . . . . Choctaw Stimulant. NABALUS ASPER Lettuce, rough white (9:288) Plant used as a "secernant" and a stimulant. . . . . . . Prenanthes serpentaria Asteraceae Cherokee Analgesic. Gall of the earth Roots used in stomachache medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (35:35) Prenanthes trifoliolata Asteraceae Cherokee Analgesic. Gall of the earth Roots used in stomachache medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · (35:35) Iroquois Dermatological aid. Gall of the earth Poultice of roots applied to skin swellings or bristles on a toe or foot. · (37:480) Iroquois Eye medicine. Gall of the earth Decoction of roots used as drops for sore eyes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · (37:479)

aspero

368

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Genera

Prenanthes

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Prenanthes trifoliolata Asteraceae

Iroquois Hunting medicine. Gall of the earth Compound infusion of root used as wash for rifles; a "deer hunting medicine." Iroquois Love medicine. Gall of the earth Root chewed and rubbed on hands and face as a love medicine. . . . . . . Iroquois Snake bite remedy. Gall of the earth Roots used for rattlesnake bites. No preparation' or application indicated. Proboscidea paroifiora Martyniaceae Pima Analgesic. MARTYNIA PARVIFLORA Devil's claw Plant moxa used for rheumatic pains. Pima Antirheumatic - Ext. MARTYNIA PARVIFLORA Devil's claw Plant moxa used for rheumatic pains. Proboscidea sp. Martyniaceae Pima Analgesic. MARTYNIA ARENARIA Devil's claw Plant moxa used for rheumatic pains. . . . . . . . . . . . . Pima Antirheumatic - Ext. MARTYNIA ARENARIA Devil's claw Plant moxa used for rheumatic pains. . ..... . Prosopis juliflora Fabaceae Papago Dermatological aid. PROSOPIS VELUTINA Mesquite Poultice of chewed leaves applied for red ant stings. Poultice of chewed leaves applied to red ant stings. Poultice of pulverized gum applied to sores and impetigo. Papago Dermatological aid. PROSOPIS VELUTINA Mesquite gum Poultice of pulverized plant applied to sores and impetigo pustules. Pima Analgesic. PROSOPIS VELUTINA Mesquite Cold infusion of leaves taken for headaches and stomach troubles. . Decoction of gum held in mouth for painful gums or applied to painful burns. Pima Antidiarrheal. PROSOPIS VELUTINA Mesquite Infusion of roots taken for diarrhea. . ......... . Pima Burn dressing. PROSOPIS VELUTINA Mesquite Decoction of gum applied to burns to prevent soreness. Pima Cathartic. PROSOPIS VELUTINA Mesquite Decoction of inner bark taken as an emetic and cathartic. Pima Dermatological aid. PROSOPIS VELUTINA Mesquite Decoction of beans used as bleach for severe sunburn. Decoction of black gum used as a wash for sore eyes and open wounds. Decoction of gum applied to chapped and cracked fingers or sore lips. Poultice of dried gum applied to prevent infection in newborn's navel. Resin used for sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pima Disinfectant. PROSOPIS VELUTINA Mesquite Poultice of dried gum applied to prevent infection in newborn's navel. Pima Emetic. PROSOPIS VELUTINA Mesquite Decoction of inner bark taken as an emetic and cathartic. . . . . . . . . Pima Eye medicine. PROSOPIS VELUTINA Mesquite Decoction of black gum used as a wash for sore eyes and open wounds. Decoction of leaves applied as poultice to pink eye. . . . . . . . . . Pima Gast-intestinal aid. PROSOPIS VELUTINA Mesquite Cold infusion of leaves taken for headaches and stomach troubles. Pima Oral aid. PROSOPIS VELUTINA Mesquite Decoction of gum held in the mouth for painful gums or sore lips. Pima Other. PROSOPIS VELUTINA Mesquite Decoction of gum applied as a lotion for "bad disease." Decoction of gum taken to cleanse the system. . . . . . Pima Pediatric aid. PROSOPIS VELUTINA Mesquite Poultice of dried gum applied to prevent infection in newborn's navel. Prosopis pubescens Fabaceae Paiute Eye medicine. Screwbean Infusion of gummy exudate on bark used as an eyewash . . . . . . . . . . . Pima Dermatological aid. STROMBOCARPA PUBESCENS Screwbean, Fremont Decoction of roots used as a wash or powdered roots applied to sores. Pima Dermatological aid. Bean, screw Powdered root bark or decoction used to dress wounds. . . . . . . . . Pima Gynecological aid. STROMBOCARPA PUBESCENS Screwbean, Fremont Infusion of roots taken for troubles with menses. Tewa Ear medicine. Mesquite, screw Pods twisted into the ear to cure an earache. .. Prosopis sp. Fabaceae Comanche Gast-intestinal aid. PROSOPIS GLANDULOSA Mesquite Leaves chewed, & juice swallowed, to neutralize acid stomach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Genera

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(37:479) (37:479) (37:479) (17:107) (17:107) (17:107) (17:107) (13:65) (12:65) (12:65) (13:65) (17:93) (17:93) (17:93) (17:93) (56:79) (17:93) (56:79) (17:93) (17:93) (17:93) (17:93) (56:79) (56:79) (17:93) (17:93) (17:93) (17:93) (17:93) (17:93) (81:123) (17:96) (56:79) (17:96) (54:69) (10:523)

369

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Prunella

Table 1: Genera -Prunella vulgaris Lamiaceae Bella Coola Heart medicine. Heal all Weak decoction of roots, leaves, and blossoms. taken for the heart. Catawba Misc disease remedy. Plant used in certain diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Adjuvant. Selfheal Cold infusion used as a wash for burns; also, used to flavor other medicines. Cherokee Burn dressing. Selfheal Cold infusion used as a wash for burns; also, used to flavor other medicines. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Selfheal Infusion of root used as wash for bruises, diabetic sores, cuts, acne. Chippewa Cathartic. Selfheal Compound decoction of root taken as a physic. Cree Throat aid. Plant used or herb chewed for sore throats. .. Delaware-Okl Febrifuge. Heal all Liquid made from plant tops taken and used as a wash for fever. Iroquois Analgesic. Heal all Infusion of plant taken for backaches. . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Heal all Decoction of plants taken for colds, coughs and diarrhea. Iroquois Antiemetic. Heal all Decoction of plants taken for vomiting and diarrhea. .. Iroquois Blood medicine. Heal all Compound decoction of roots and shoots taken as a blood purifier. Iroquois Cold remedy. Heal all Decoction of plants taken for colds, coughs and diarrhea. Iroquois Cough medicine. Heal all Decoction of plants taken for colds, coughs and diarrhea. Iroquois Emetic. Heal all Decoction of whole plant taken as an emetic. . . . . . . . Iroquois Febrifuge. Heal all Decoction of plants taken for fevers and shortness of breath. Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Heal all Compound infusion of roots and . plants taken for upset stomachs. Infusion of plant taken for biliousness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Infusion of plants taken for stomach cramps and biliousness. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Heal all Decoction of whole plant taken to strengthen the womb . . . . Iroquois Hemorrhoid remedy. Heal all Compound decoction of roots taken and used as wash for piles. Iroquois Misc disease remedy. Heal all Plant used for sugar diabetes. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Heal all Compound decoction of plants used as steam bath for sore legs or stiff knees. Infusion of plant taken for backaches. Iroquois Panacea. Heal all Infusion of plant taken for any ailment. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Heal all Compound infusion of plants given to babies that cry too much. Iroquois Psychological aid. Heal all Compound infusion of plants taken for sickness caused by grieving. Iroquois Pulmonary aid. Heal all Decoction or infusion of roots taken for shortness of breath. Iroquois Respiratory aid. Heal all Infusion of roots taken for heaves or for shortness of breath. Iroquois Sedative. Heal all Compound infusion of plants given to babies that cry too much. Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Heal all Compound decoction of roots taken for consumption. . . . . . . Iroquois Venereal aid. Heal all Compound decoction of roots and shoots taken for venereal disease. Menominee Antidiarrheal. Selfheal Infusion of stalk used to treat dysentery; particularly good for babies. Menominee Pediatric aid. Selfheal Infusion of stalk used for dysentery; especially good for babies. . . . . Mohegan Febrifuge. Heal all "Drink" make from leaves taken and used as a wash to reduce fever. Ojibwa Gynecological aid. Heal all Compound containing root used as a female remedy. . . . . . . . . . .

370

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Genera

(60:63) (67:191) (35:54) (35:54) (35:54) (21:346) · (40:303) . (77:31,78) (37:425) (37:423) (37:424) (37:424) (37:423) (37:423) (37:425) (37:424) · (37:424) · (37:425) (37:423) (37:425) (37:424) (37:425) (37:424) · (37:425) (37:425) (37:424) · (37:424) · (37:424) · (37:424) · (37:424) · (37:424) · (37:424) · (22:131) · (22:131) (78:74,130) .. (63:372)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Prunella

Table 1: Genera - Prunella vulgaris Lamiaceae Quileute Dermatological aid. Selfheal Plant used for boils. . . . . . . (34:45) Quinault Dermatological aid. Selfheal Plant juice rubbed on boils. (34:45) Thompson Ind Tonic. Selfheal Hot or cold infusion of plant taken as a tonic for general indisposition. (71:471) Prunus americana Rosaceae Cherokee Cough medicine. Plum, wild Bark used to make cough syrup. . . . . . . . . . (35:50) Cherokee Kidney aid. Plum, wild Infusion of bark taken for kidneys and bladder. (35:50) Cherokee Urinary aid. Plum, wild Infusion of bark taken for kidneys and bladder. (35:50) Cheyenne Ceremonial medicine. Plum, wild Branches used for the Sun Dance ceremony. (36:35) Cheyenne Oral aid. Plum, wild Smashed fruits used for mouth disease. (36:35) Chippewa Anthelmintic. Plum, wild Compound decoction of root taken for worms. (21:346) Chippewa Dermatological aid. Plum, wild Compound poultice of inner bark applied to cuts and wounds. (21:352) Chippewa Disinfectant. Plum, wild Compound decoction of inner bark used as a disinfectant wash. (21:366) Decoction of bark used as a disinfecting wash. . . . . . . . . . . (21:376) Fox Oral aid. Plum, wild Root bark used as an astringent medicine to cure mouth cankers. (62:242) Mohegan Respiratory aid. Plum, wild Infusion of twigs taken as a remedy for asthma. (78:74,130) Infusion of twigs taken for asthma. . . . . . . . . (76:270) Omaha Dermatological aid. Plum, wild Poultice of boiled root bark applied to skin abrasions. (30:87) Rappahannock Unspecified. Plum, wild "An ingredient of a medicine made after diagnosis." (69:31) S Ojibwa Antidiarrheal. Plum, wild Compound decoction of small rootlets taken for diarrhea. (39:200) Prunus cerasus Rosaceae Cherokee Blood medicine. Cherry Compound used as a blood tonic. . . . . . . · (35:28,29) Cherokee Cold remedy. Cherry Infusion of bark taken for cough and colds. · (35:28,29) Cherokee Cough medicine. Cherry Infusion of bark taken for cough and colds. · (35:28,29) Cherokee Dermatological aid. Cherry Astringent; bark of root used in a wash for old sores and ulcers. · (35:28,29) Bark of root used as wash for old sores and ulcers. . . . . . . . . · (35:28,29) Cherokee Febrifuge. Cherry Infusion or decoction of bark used for fevers, including the "great chill." · (35:28,29) Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Cherry Boiled fruit is remedy for "blood discharged from bowels." · (35:28,29) Used in steam bath for indigestion, biliousness, and jaundice. · (35:28,29) Cherokee Gynecological aid. Cherry Warm infusion given when labor pains begin. . ....... . · (35:28,29) Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Cherry Compound of barks added to corn whiskey to break out measles. · (35:28,29) Cherokee Oral aid. Cherry Infusion of bark for "thrash;" also, decoction of inner bark for laryngitis. · (35:28,29) Cherokee Throat aid. Cherry Infusion of bark for "thrash;" also, decoction of inner bark for laryngitis. · (35:28,29) Prunus demissa Rosaceae Sioux Adjuvant. Cherry, choke Wood is used to make "medicine-spoons" for use in ceremonial dog feasts. (3:19) Sioux Antidiarrheal. Cherry, choke Infusion of bark used as a remedy for dysentery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3:19) Sioux Ceremonial medicine. Cherry, choke Wood is used to make "medicine-spoons" for use in ceremonial dog feru>ts. (3: 19) Sioux Hemostat. Cherry, choke Dried roots chewed and placed in wounds to stop bleeding. . . . . . . . . . (3:19) Prunus emarginata Rosaceae Bella Coola Heart medicine. Cherry, wild Decoction of root and inner bark taken daily for heart trouble. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (60:58)

Genera

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371

Prunus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

PrunUB emarginata Rosaceae Kwakiutl Cancer treatment. Bark used to wrap lint after treating tumors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · (4:383) Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Cherry, bitter Bark ash rubbed on chest of baby to protect it from rashes and mouth sores. · (82:290) .. (82:290) Infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis, eczema or heart trouble. . . . . . . . . Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Ash of bark smeared on chest of newborn to protect against rash & sore mouth. · (4:383) Bark used to cover poultice when treating swellings. . . . . . . . . . . . · (4:382) Kwakiutl Dietary aid. Cherry, bitter Roots applied to the nipples of a mother to induce her infant to nurse. · (82:290) Kwakiutl Dietary aid. Roots applied to nipples of mother to induce the infant to nurse. · (4:386) Kwakiutl Gynecological aid. Cherry, bitter Decoction of split roots taken for blood discharge. ....... . · (82:290) Kwakiutl Gynecological aid. (4:386) Roots applied to nipples of mother to induce the infant to nurse. Kwakiutl Heart medicine. Cherry, bitter (82:290) Infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis, eczema or heart trouble. Kwakiutl Oral aid. Cherry, bitter (82:290) Bark ash rubbed on chest of baby to protect it from rashes and mouth sores. (82:290) Roots held in the mouth by children with canker sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kwakiutl Oral aid. (4:383) Ash of bark smeared on chest of newborn to protect against rash & sore mouth. (4:383) Poultice of rubbed root applied to sores in child's mouth. . . . . . . . . . . . . Kwakiutl Pediatric aid. Cherry, bitter (82:290) Bark ash rubbed on chest of baby to protect it from rashes and mouth sores. (82:290) Roots applied to the nipples of a mother to induce her infant to nurse. ... . (82:290) Roots held in the mouth by children with canker sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kwakiutl Pediatric aid. (4:383) Ash of bark rubbed on newborn's chest to protect against rash and sore mouth. (4:379) Plant used as part of charm worn by children to ward off disease. (4:383) Poultice of rubbed root applied to sores in child's mouth. (4:386) Roots applied to nipples of mother to induce the infant to nurse. Kwakiutl Tuberculosis remedy. Cherry, bitter Infusion of bark taken for tuberculosis, eczema or heart trouble. · (82:290) Kwakiutl Unspecified. (4:379) Plant used as part of charm worn by children to ward off disease. Lummi Gynecological aid. Cherry, wild (34:37) Bark chewed to facilitate childbirth. . . . . . . . . (34:37) Infusion of rotten wood taken as a contraceptive. Quinault Gynecological aid. Cherry, wild (34:37) Infusion of rotten wood taken as a contraceptive. Quinault Laxative. Cherry, wild (34:37) Decoction of bark taken as a laxative. Skagit Cold remedy. Cherry, wild (34:37) Decoction of bark taken for colds. . . . Skagit Gynecological aid. Cherry, wild (34:37) Infusion of rotten wood taken as a contraceptive. Skokomish Cold remedy. Cherry, wild (34:37) Decoction of bark taken for colds. . . . . . . . . . . Skokomish Gynecological aid. Cherry, wild (34:37) Infusion of rotten wood taken as a contraceptive. PrunUB ilicifolia Rosaceae Mahuna Cough medicine. Cherry, holly leaf (55:18) Infusion of bark or roots taken for coughs. PrunUB nigra Rosaceae Fox Antiemetic. Plum, Canada Infusion of bark used to settle stomach when it will not retain food. . . . . . . . . . . . · . (62:242) PrunUB pensylvanica Rosaceae Cherokee Blood medicine. Cherry Compound used as a blood tonic. . . . . . . · (35:28,29) Cherokee Cold remedy. Cherry Infusion of bark taken for cough and colds. · (35:28,29) Cherokee Cough medicine. Cherry Infusion of bark taken for cough and colds. · (35:28,29) Cherokee Dermatological aid. Cherry Astringent; bark of root used in a wash for old sores and ulcers. · (35:28,29) Bark of root used as wash for old sores and ulcers. . . . . . . . . · (35:28,29) Cherokee Febrifuge. Cherry Infusion or decoction of bark used for fevers, including the "great chill." · (35:28,29)

372

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Genera

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Prunus

Table 1: Genera - Prunus pensylvanica Rosaceae Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Cherry Boiled fruit is remedy for "blood discharged from bowels." Used in steam bath for indigestion, biliousness, and jaundice. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Cherry Warm infusion given when labor pains begin. . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Cherry Compound of barks added to corn whiskey to break out measles. Cherokee Oral aid. Cherry . Infusion of bark for "thrash;" also, decoction of inner bark for laryngitis. Cherokee Throat aid. Cherry Infusion of bark for "thrash;" also, decoction of inner bark for laryngitis. Iroquois Burn dressing. PRUNUS PENNSYLVANICA Cherry, pin Compound of roots applied as a salve to burns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Micmac Dermatological aid. PRUNUS PENNSYLVANICA Cherry, red Wood used to treat chafed skin & prickly heat; bark used to treat erysipelas. Micmac Misc disease remedy. PRUNUS PENNSYLVANICA Cherry, red Wood used to treat chafed skin & prickly heat; bark used to treat erysipelas. Ojibwa Cough medicine. PRUNUS PENNSYLVANICA Cherry, pin Inner bark valued as a cough remedy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Potawatomi Analgesic. PRUNUS PENNSYLVANICA Cherry, bird Infusion of inner bark taken to alleviate internal pain and to cure a cough. Potawatomi Cough medicine. PRUNUS PENNSYLVANICA Cherry, bird Infusion of inner bark taken to cure a cough and to alleviate internal pain. S Ojibwa Analgesic. PRUNUS PENNSYLVANICA Cherry, wild red Decoction of crushed root taken for pains and other stomach disorders. S Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. PRUNUS PENNSYLVANICA Cherry, wild red Decoction of crushed root taken for pains and other stomach disorders. Prunus persica Rosaceae Cherokee Anthelmintic. Peach Decoction or teaspoon of parched seed kernels taken for worms. Cherokee Antiemetic. Peach Infusion of scraped bark taken to stop vomiting. . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Cathartic. Peach Infusion of any part taken as a purgative; strong infusion taken for fever. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Peach Used for skin diseases; leaves wrung in cold water used to bathe swelling. Cherokee Febrifuge. Peach Infusion of any part taken as a purgative; strong infusion taken for fever. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Peach Infusion of leaves taken for sick stomach. Koasati Orthopedic aid. Peach Leaves rubbed on the scratches of tired legs. Navaho Cathartic. Plant used as a purgative. .......... . Rappahannock Kidney aid. Peach Infusion of fresh or dried leaves taken for kidney trouble. Prunus serotina Rosaceae Cherokee Blood medicine. Cherry Compound used as a blood tonic. . . . . . . Cherokee Cold remedy. Cherry Infusion of bark taken for cough and colds. Cherokee Cough medicine. Cherry Infusion of bark taken for cough and colds. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Cherry Astringent; bark of root used in a wash for old sores and ulcers. Bark of root used as wash for old sores and ulcers. . . . . . . . . Cherokee Febrifuge. Cherry Infusion or decoction of bark used for fevers, including the "great chill." Cherokee Febrifuge. Cherry, wild black Decoction of bark used as a wash for chills, fevers and ague. Infusion of bark taken for fevers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Cherry Boiled fruit is remedy for "blood discharged from bowels." Used in steam bath for indigestion, biliousness, and jaundice. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Cherry Warm infusion given when labor pains begin. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Cherry, wild black Infusion of bark taken for childbirth. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Cherry Compound of barks added to corn whiskey to break out measles.

Genera

· (35:28,29) · (35:28,29) · (35:28,29) · (35:28,29) · (35:28,29) (35:28,29) (37:359) (15:59) (15:59) (63:385) (64:77) (64:77) (39:199) (39:199) · (35:47,48) · (35:47,48) · (35:47,48) · (35:47,48) · (35:47,48) · (35:47,48) (79:27) (23:96) (69:33) · (35:28,29) · (35:28,29) · (35:28,29) · (35:28,29) · (35:28,29) · (35:28,29) (79:28) (90:74) · (35:28,29) · (35:28,29) · (35:28,29) (79:28) · (35:28,29)

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373

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Prunus

Table 1: Genera - Prunus serotina Rosaceae Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Cherry, wild black Decoction of bark used as a wash for chills, fevers and ague. . . . . . . . Cherokee Oral aid. Cherry Infusion of bark for "thrash;" also, decoction of inner bark for laryngitis. Cherokee Throat aid. Cherry Infusion of bark for "thrash;" also, decoction of inner bark for laryngitis. Chippewa Anthelmintic. Cherry, wild Compound decoction of root taken for worms. . . . . . . . . . . Chippewa Burn dressing. Cherry, wild Powder containing powdered root applied to burns and ulcers. Chippewa Dermatological aid. Cherry, wild Compound poultice of inner bark applied to cuts and wounds. Poultice of fresh roots or decoction of bark as wash for "scrofulus neck." Powder containing powdered root applied to burns and ulcers. Chippewa Disinfectant. Cherry, wild Compound decoction of inner bark used as a disinfectant wash. Chippewa Misc disease remedy. Cherry, wild Decoction of root given for "cholera infantum." Chippewa Pediatric aid. Cherry, wild Decoction of root given for "cholera infantum." Chippewa Tuberculosis remedy. Cherry, wild Poultice of root or decoction of bark as a wash for scrofulous neck sores. Delaware-Okl Antidiarrheal. Cherry, wild Bark used as a diarrhea remedy. . . . . . Delaware-Okl Cough medicine. Cherry, wild Fruit used to make cough syrup. Delaware-Ok! Tonic. Cherry, wild Compound containing bark taken as a tonic. Delaware-Ont Gynecological aid. Cherry, wild Compound infusion of bark taken for "diseases peculiar to women." Delaware-Ont Tonic. Cherry, wild Compound infusion of bark taken as a tonic for general debility. .. Iroquois Analgesic. Cherry, wild black Decoction of bark taken or poultice applied to forehead & neck for headaches .. Iroquois Blood medicine. Cherry, wild black Compound infusion of bark and roots taken as a blood purifier. Iroquois Burn dressing. Cherry, wild black Compound of roots applied as a salve to burns. . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Cold remedy. Cherry, wild black Infusion or decoction of bark taken or inhaled for colds or sore throats. Iroquois Cough medicine. Cherry, wild black Decoction of bark taken for consumption or for an "old cough." Iroquois Dermatological aid. Cherry, wild black Compound decoction taken for "sores all over the body caused by bad blood." Compound decoction used as wash for parts affected by "Italian itch." Compound poultice of bark applied to chancres caused by syphilis or cuts. Iroquois Emetic. Cherry, wild black Compound decoction of plants taken to vomit for sleepiness and weakness. Iroquois Febrifuge. Cherry, wild black Decoction of bark taken for colds, fever, soreness and inflammation of lungs .. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Cherry, wild black Compound decoction taken when a woman has a miscarriage. Iroquois Liver aid. Cherry, wild black Decoction of bark taken for too much gall. . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Pediatric aid. Cherry, wild black Decoction of bark used as a steam bath for babies with bronchitis. Iroquois Pulmonary aid. Cherry, wild black Decoction of bark taken for colds, fever, soreness and inflammation of lungs .. Iroquois Respiratory aid. Cherry, wild black Decoction of bark used as a steam bath for babies with bronchitis. Iroquois Stimulant. Cherry, wild black Compound decoction of plants taken to vomit for sleepiness and weakness. Iroquois Throat aid. Cherry, wild black Infusion of bark taken for colds and sore throats. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Cherry, wild black Decoction of bark or roots taken for consumption or for an "old cough." Iroquois Venereal aid. Cherry, wild black Compound poultice of bark applied to chancres caused by syphilis. Mahuna Cough medicine. Cherry, American wild Infusion of bark or roots taken for coughs. . ............. .

374

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Genera

(79:28) · (35:28,29) · (35:28,29) (21:346) (21:354) (21:352) (21:354) (21:354) (21:366) (21:346) (21:346) (21:354) · (77:27,78) · (77:27,78) · (77:27,78) · (77:68,82) · (77:68,82) (37:362) (37:361) (37:362) (37:361) (37:360) (37:361) (37:362) (37:361) (37:361) (37:360) (37:361) (37:360) (37:360) (37:360) (37:360) (37:361) (37:361) (37:360) (37:361) (55:18)

Prunus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Prunus serotina Rosaceae Micmac Cold remedy. Cherry, black Bark used to treat colds and coughs; also, used to treat consumption. Micmac Cough medicine. Cherry, black Bark used to treat colds and coughs; also, used to treat consumption. Micmac Misc disease remedy. Cherry, black Bark used to treat smallpox; also, fruit used as a tonic. Micmac Tonic. Cherry, black Bark used to treat smallpox; also, fruit used as a tonic. Micmac Tuberculosis remedy. Cherry, black Bark used to treat colds and coughs; also, used to treat consumption. Mohegan Antidiarrheal. Cherry, wild Liquid from fermented fruit taken as a remedy for dysentery. . Ripe fruit, fermented one year, used as a remedy for dysentery. Mohegan Cold remedy. Cherry, wild Compound infusion of bark taken as a cold remedy. . ..... Compound infusion of leaves and boneset taken with molasses for colds. Compound infusion taken for colds, hot at night and cold in the morning. Infusion of buds, leaves, or bark taken with sugar for colds. . . . . . . . . Mohegan Gast-intestinal aid. Cherry, wild Fruit put in a bottle & allowed to stand, then taken for stomach trouble. Mohegan Tonic. Cherry, wild Complex compound infusion including wild cherry bark taken as spring tonic. Narragansett Cold remedy. Cherry, wild Infusion of buds, leaves, or bark taken with sugar for colds. Ojibwa Cold remedy. Cherry, wild Infusion of bark used as a remedy for coughs and colds. Ojibwa Cough medicine. Cherry, wild Infusion of bark used as a remedy for coughs and colds. Penobscot Cough medicine. Cherry, black Infusion of bark taken for coughs. . . . . . . . . . Penobscot Tonic. Cherry, black Infusion of berries taken as a "fine bitter tonic." Potawatomi Adjuvant. PRUNUS SCROTINA Cherry, wild Inner bark used as a seasoner for medicines. Rappahannock Cold remedy. Cherry, wild Infusion of buds, leaves, or bark taken with sugar for colds. Rappahannock Cough medicine. Cherry, wild Infusion of bark or berries with honey for coughs; if stale it is poisonous. Rappahannock Dietary aid. Cherry, wild Infusion of fresh or dried bark taken as a tonic and appetizer. . . . . . . Rappahannock Poison. Cherry, wild Infusion of bark or berries with honey for coughs; if stale it is poisonous. Rappahannock Tonic. Cherry, wild Infusion of fresh or dried bark taken as a tonic and appetizer. S Ojibwa Analgesic. Cherry, wild black Infusion of inner bark taken for chest pain and soreness. . .. S Ojibwa Dermatological aid. Cherry, wild black Poultice of boiled, bruised, or chewed inner bark applied to sores. S Ojibwa Pulmonary aid. Cherry, wild black Infusion of inner bark taken for chest pain and soreness. . . . . . . Shinnecock Cold remedy. Cherry, wild Compound infusion of leaves and boneset taken with molasses for colds. Infusion of buds, leaves, or bark taken with sugar for colds. . . . . . . . . Shinnecock Gast-intestinal aid. Cherry, wild Fruit put in a bottle & allowed to stand, then taken for stomach trouble. Prunus sp. Rosaceae Chippewa Dermatological aid. Poultice of fresh root or decoction of dried root applied to ulcers. . . . . . . Chippewa Gynecological aid. Plum Poultice of fresh root or decoction of dried root applied to "broken breast." Creek Antidiarrheal. Plum, wild Decoction of root taken for dysentery. Infusion of roots taken for dysentery. Koasati Gast-intestinal aid. Infusion of inner bark taken for dyspepsia. Paiute Antidiarrheal. PRUNUS ANDERSONII Peach, desert Decoction of stems, leaves, or roots taken to stop diarrhea. Paiute Antirheumatic - Int. PRUNUS ANDERSONII Peach, desert Weak decoction of bark taken for rheumatism. . . . . . . . .

Genera

(15:60) (15:60) (15:60) (15:60) (15:60) (78:74,130) .. (76:264) (78:74,130) (11:118) (76:264) (11:118) (11:118) (76:266) (11:118) (63:385) (63:385) (66:310) (66:310) (64:77) (11:118) (69:26) (69:26) (69:26) (69:26) (39:199) (39:199) (39:199) (11:118) (11:118) (11:118) (21:354) (21:360) (75:659) (79:27) (79:27) (81:123) (81:123)

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375

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Prunus

Table 1: Genera - Prunus sp. Rosaceae Paiute Cold remedy. PRUNUS ANDERSONII Peach, desert Hot infusion of leaves or decoction of branches taken for colds. . . . . . . . . Paiute Misc disease remedy. PRUNUS ANDERSONII Peach, desert Decoction of dried bark strips taken as a winter tonic to ward off influenza. Paiute Tonic. PRUNUS ANDERSONII Peach, desert Decoction of dried bark strips taken as a winter tonic to ward off influenza. Paiute Tuberculosis remedy. PRUNUS ANDERSONII Peach, desert Decoction of bark taken or twigs chewed for tuberculosis. . . . . . . . . . . . Prunus virginiana Rosaceae Cherokee Blood medicine. Cherry Compound used as a blood tonic. . . . . . . Cherokee Cold remedy. Cherry Infusion of bark taken for cough and colds. Cherokee Cough medicine. Cherry Infusion of bark taken for cough and colds. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Cherry Astringent; bark of root used in a wash for old sores and ulcers. Bark of root used as wash for old sores and ulcers. . . . . . . . . Cherokee Febrifuge. Cherry Infusion or decoction of bark used for fevers, including the "great chill." Cherokee Febrifuge. Cherry, choke Decoction of bark used as a wash for chills, fevers and ague. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Cherry Boiled fruit is remedy for "blood discharged from bowels." Used in steam bath for indigestion, biliousness, and jaundice. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Cherry Warm infusion given when labor pains begin. . ....... . Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Cherry Compound of barks added to corn whiskey to break out measles. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Cherry, choke Decoction of bark used as a wash for chills, fevers and ague. Cherokee Oral aid. Cherry Infusion of bark for "thrash;" also, decoction of inner bark for laryngitis. Cherokee Throat aid. Cherry Infusion of bark for "thrash;" also, decoction of inner bark for laryngitis. Cherokee Throat aid. Cherry, choke Decoction of inner bark taken to loosen phlegm for hoarseness. Cheyenne Antidiarrheal. Cherry, choke Unripened fruits eaten by children for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . Cheyenne Dietary aid. Cherry, choke Dried, smashed, ripe berries given to children with loss of appetite. Cheyenne Pediatric aid. Cherry, choke Dried, smashed, ripe berries given to children with loss of appetite. Unripened fruits eaten by children for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . Cheyenne Unspecified. Cherry, choke Dried, smashed, ripe berries used as an ingredient for medicines. Chippewa Analgesic. Cherry, choke Decoction of inner bark taken for cramps. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . Chippewa Antihemorrhagic. Cherry, choke Compound infusion of inner bark taken for hemorrhages from the lungs. Chippewa Blood medicine. Cherry, choke Compound decoction of inner bark as cathartic blood cleanser for scrofula. Chippewa Cathartic. Cherry, choke Compound decoction of bark as a blood-cleansing cathartic for scrofula sores. Chippewa Dermatological aid. Cherry, choke Compound decoction of bark as a blood-cleansing cathartic for scrofula sores. Decoction of bark used as a wash to strengthen the hair and make it grow. . Chippewa Disinfectant. Cherry, choke Compound decoction of inner bark used as a disinfectant wash. Chippewa Gast-intestinal aid. Cherry, choke Decoction of inner bark taken for stomach cramps. . . . . . . Chippewa Pulmonary aid. Cherry, choke Compound infusion of inner bark taken for lung hemorrhage. Chippewa Throat aid. Cherry, choke Decoction of inner bark gargled for sore throat. . . . . . . . . Chippewa Tuberculosis remedy. Cherry, choke Compound decoction of inner bark as cathartic blood cleanser for scrofula. Cree Antidiarrheal. Decoction of fresh bark taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

376

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Genera

· (81:123) (81:123) (81:123) · (81:123) · (35:28,29) · (35:28,29) · (35:28,29) · (35:28,29) · (35:28,29) · (35:28,29) ..

(79:28)

· (35:28,29) · (35:28,29) · (35:28,29) · (35:28,29) ..

(79:28)

· (35:28,29) · (35:28,29) (79:28) (36:35) (36:35) (36:35) (36:35) (36:35) (21:344) (21:340) (21:354) (21:354) (21:354) (21:350) · (21:366) · (21:344) (21:340) (21:342) · (21:354) · (40:303)

Prunus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Prunus virginiana Rosaceae Dakota Ceremonial medicine. PADUS NANA Cherry, choke Fruit prepared in unspecified way used in old-time ceremonies. Fox Dermatological aid. Cherry, choke Decoction of bark is astringent, spoken of as "a puckering." .. Fox Gast-intestinal aid. Cherry, choke Infusion of root bark used for stomach troubles; also, used as a sedative. Fox Hemorrhoid remedy. Cherry, choke Decoction of root bark as a rectal douche to cure piles; fluid is astringent. Fox Sedative. Cherry, choke Infusion of root bark used as a sedative; also, for stomach trouble. Gosiute Blood medicine. PRUNUS DEMISSA t Cherry, wild Decoction of bark used as a blood medicine for nose hemorrhages. Gosiute Gast-intestinal aid. PRUNUS DEMISSA t Cherry, choke Decoction of wood scrapings used for bowel troubles of children and adults. Gosiute Hemostat. PRUNUS DEMISSA t Cherry, wild Decoction of bark used as a blood medicine for nose hemorrhages. Gosiute Pediatric aid. PRUNUS DEMISSA t Cherry, choke Decoction of wood scrapings used for bowel troubles of children and adults. Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Cherry, choke Bark used for diarrhea. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Antihemorrhagic. Cherry, choke Stalk used for hemorrhages. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Blood medicine. Cherry, choke Stalk used as a blood purifier. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Cough medicine. Cherry, choke Decoction of plant taken as a cough syrup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Dermatological aid. Cherry, choke Inner bark used for wounds. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Cherry, choke Compound decoction of stalks taken to prevent hemorrhage after childbirth. Iroquois Misc disease remedy. Cherry, choke Compound decoction of plants and bark taken for cholera. . . . . . . Iroquois Pediatric aid. Cherry, choke Stalk used for prenatal care. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Cherry, choke Compound decoction of roots taken for consumption. . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Veterinary aid. Cherry, choke Decoction of branches, leaves and berries given to horses to stop diarrhea. Karok Cold remedy. PRUNUS DEMISSA t Cherry, western choke Bark scrapings placed beside the nose of babies for colds. Karok Pediatric aid. PRUNUS DEMISSA t Cherry, western choke Bark scrapings placed beside the nose of babies for colds. Kawaiisu Laxative. PRUNUS DEMISSA t Cherry, western choke Ripe berries have a laxative effect. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mendocino Ind Antidiarrheal. CERASUS DEMISSA Cherry, choke Inner bark used for diarrhea and nervous excitability. Mendocino Ind Sedative. CERASUS DEMISSA Cherry, choke Inner bark used for diarrhea and nervous excitability. Mendocino Ind Tonic. CERASUS DEMISSA Cherry, choke Inner bark used in a tonic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Menominee Antidiarrheal. Cherry, choke Infusion of inner bark or decoction of berries taken to treat diarrhea. Menominee Dermatological aid. Cherry, choke Poultice of pounded inner bark applied to wounds or galls on man or beast. Menominee Pediatric aid. Cherry, choke Sweetened infusion of inner bark given to children for diarrhea. Menominee Pulmonary aid. PRUNUS DEMISSA t Cherry, western choke Decoction of inner bark used to treat lung trouble. . . . . . . . . . Menominee Veterinary aid. Cherry, choke Poultice of inner bark applied to heal a wound or gall on man or beast. Micmac Antidiarrheal. Chokeberry Bark used to treat diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Cherry, choke Cold infusion of dried fruit taken for stomachache. Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Cherry, choke Leaves used as an emetic in various ceremonies. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Cherry, choke Leaves used as an emetic in various ceremonies. Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Cherry, choke Cold infusion of dried fruit taken for stomachache.

Genera

· (30:88,89) (62:242) (62:242) (62:242) (62:242) (14:378) (14:350) (14:378) (14:350) (37:359) (37:359) (37:359) (37:360) (37:359) (37:360) (37:360) (37:359) (37:359) (37:359) (58:384) (58:384) (92:54) (16:356) (16:356) (16:356) · (61:49,50) · (61:49,50) · (61:49,50) · . (22:130) · (61:49,50) (15:60) (84:31) (84:31) (84:31) (84:31)

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377

Prunus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Prunus virginiana Rosaceae Navaho-Ramah Other. Cherry, choke Dried fruit used as "life medicine." . . . . . . Ojibwa Pulmonary aid. Cherry, choke Infusion of inner bark taken for lung trouble. Omaha Ceremonial medicine. PADUS NANA Cherry, choke Fruit prepared in unspecified way used in old-time ceremonies. Paiute Analgesic. Cherry, western choke Dried, pulverized bark smoked to relieve headache or headcold. Paiute Cold remedy. Cherry, western choke Decoction of peeled bark or root taken for colds; bark smoked for headcolds. Paiute Cough medicine. Cherry, western choke Decoction of peeled bark or root taken for coughs and colds. Paiute Dermatological aid. Cherry, western choke Pulverized, dried bark used as a drying powder on sores. Paiute Eye medicine. Cherry, western choke Steam from boiling bark allowed to rise into the eyes to treat snowblindness. Paiute Herbal steam. Cherry, western choke Steam from boiling bark allowed to rise into the eyes to treat snowblindness. Paiute Tuberculosis remedy. Cherry, western choke Decoction of leaves, bark, or roots taken for tuberculosis. Pawnee Ceremonial medicine. PADUS NANA Cherry, choke Fruit prepared in unspecified way used in old-time ceremonies. Penobscot Antidiarrheal. Chokeberry Infusion of bark taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ponca Antidiarrheal. PADUS NANA Cherry, choke Infusion of fruit or decoction of bark taken as a remedy for diarrhea. Ponca Ceremonial medicine. PADUS NAN A Cherry, choke Fruit prepared in unspecified way used in old-time ceremonies. Potawatomi Eye medicine. Cherry, choke Bark used in an eye wash; berries used to make tonic drink. Potawatomi Tonic. Cherry, choke Berries used to make tonic drink; also, bark used in an eye wash. S Ojibwa Gynecological aid. Cherry, choke "Branchlets" used in unspecified manner during gestation. Sanpoil Antidiarrheal. Cherry, choke Decoction of bark taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Antiemetic. Cherry, western choke Decoction of bark taken for indigestion or upset stomach. Shoshone Eye medicine. Cherry, western choke Steam from boiling bark allowed to rise into the eyes to treat snowblindness. Shoshone Gast-intestinal aid. Cherry, western choke Decoction of bark taken for indigestion or upset stomach. . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Herbal steam. Cherry, western choke Steam from boiling bark allowed to rise into the eyes to treat snowblindness. Thompson Ind Gynecological aid. PRUNUS DEMISSA t Cherry, western choke Decoction of bark taken after childbirth as a strengthening tonic. Thompson Ind Tonic. PRUNUS DEMISSA t Cherry, western choke Decoction of bark taken as a tonic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Winnebago Ceremonial medicine. PADUS NANA Cherry, choke Fruit prepared in unspecified way used in old-time ceremonies. Psathyrotes annua Asteraceae Paiute Eye medicine. Turtle back Decoction of dried plant used as an eyewash. Paiute Toothache remedy. Turtle back Dried leaves chewed to relieve toothache. Shoshone Gast-intestinal aid. Turtle back Decoction of entire plant used to treat stomachaches, especially children's. Shoshone Pediatric aid. Turtle back Decoction of entire plant used to treat stomachaches, especially children's. Shoshone Urinary aid. Turtle back Decoction of whole plant taken for urinary troubles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Psathyrotes pili/era Asteraceae Navaho-Kayenta Ceremonial medicine. Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Plant used as a lotion for chilblains. Navaho-Kayenta Emetic. Plant used as a ceremonial emetic.

378

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Genera

(84:31) (63:385) · (30:88,89) (81:123,124) (81:123,124) (81:123,124) (81:123,124) (81:123,124) (81:123,124) (81:123,124) · (30:88,89) · . (66:310) · (30:88,89) · (30:88,89) · (64:77,78) · (64:77,78) (39:199) (51:221) (81:123,124) (81:123,124) (81:123,124) (81:123,124) (71:477) (71:477) · (30:88,89) (81:124) (81:124) (81:124) (81:124) (81:124) (91:49) (91:49) (91:49)

Psathyrotes

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Psathyrotes ramosissima Asteraceae Paiute Analgesic. Turtle back Decoction of plant used as a head wash for headaches. Paiute Antidiarrheal. Turtle back Decoction of plant taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . Paiute Cathartic. Turtle back Decoction of plant taken as an emetic or physic. Paiute Dermatological aid. Turtle back Compound poultice of crushed plants applied to draw boils & imbedded slivers .. Compound poultice of plant applied to sores, cuts, swellings, & insect bites. Paiute Emetic. Turtle back Decoction of plant taken as an emetic or physic. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Gast-intestinal aid. Turtle back Decoction of plant taken for stomachaches, bowel disorders, and biliousness. Paiute Laxative. Turtle back Decoction of plant taken for constipation. Paiute Liver aid. Turtle back Decoction of plant taken for liver trouble. Paiute Snake bite remedy. Turtle back Poultice of crushed green plant or moistened dried plant used on snake bites. Paiute Venereal aid. Turtle back Decoction of plant taken for venereal diseases. Shoshone Analgesic. Turtle back Decoction of plant used as a head wash for headaches. Shoshone Antidiarrheal. Turtle back Decoction of plant taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . Shoshone Antiemetic. Turtle back Decoction of plant taken as an emetic or physic. Shoshone Cathartic. Turtle back Decoction of plant taken as an emetic or physic. Shoshone Cough medicine. Turtle back Decoction of plant taken for tubercular cough. . Shoshone Dermatological aid. Turtle back Compound poultice of crushed plants applied to draw boils & imbedded slivers .. Compound poultice of plant applied to sores, cuts, swellings, & insect bites. Shoshone Gast-intestinal aid. Turtle back Decoction of plant taken for stomachaches, bowel disorders, and biliousness. Shoshone Laxative. Turtle back Decoction of plant taken for constipation. Shoshone Liver aid. Turtle back Decoction of plant taken for liver trouble. Shoshone Snake bite remedy. Turtle back Poultice of crushed green plant applied to snake bites. Shoshone Tuberculosis remedy. Turtle back Decoction of plant taken for tubercular cough. Shoshone Venereal aid. Turtle back Decoction of plant taken for venereal diseases. Pseudocymopterus montanus Apiaceae Navaho-Kayenta Ceremonial medicine. Plant is used as a ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Kayenta Emetic. Plant is used as a ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Whole plant used as ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Whole plant used as ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Infusion or decoction taken after swallowing ant. Pseudotsuga menziesii Pinaceae Apache Cough medicine. PSEUDOTSUGA MUCRONATA Fir, douglas Pitch used for coughs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bella Coola Cathartic. PSEUDOTSUGA TAXIFOLIA t Fir, douglas Gum with dogfish oil taken as an emetic and as a purgative for many ailments. Bella Coola Diuretic. PSEUDOTSUGA TAXIFOLIA t Fir, douglas Decoction of gum taken warm as a diuretic for gonorrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bella Coola Emetic. PSEUDOTSUGA TAXIFOLIA t Fir, douglas Gum with dogfish oil taken as an emetic and as a purgative for many ailments. Bella Coola Venereal aid. PSEUDOTSUGA TAXIFOLIA t Fir, douglas Decoction of gum taken warm as a diuretic for gonorrhea. . Cowlitz Cold remedy. PSEUDOTSUGA TAXIFOLIA t Fir, douglas Decoction of plant taken as a cold medicine. . . . . . . . . .

Genera

(81:125,126) (81:125,126) (81:125,126) (81:125,126) (81:125,126) (81:125,126) (81:125,126) (81:125,126) (81:125,126) (81:125,126) (81:125,126) (81:125,126) (81:125,126) (81:125,126) (81:125,126) (81:125,126) (81:125,126) (81:125,126) (81:125,126) (81:125,126) (81:125,126) (81:125,126) (81:125,126) (81:125,126) (91:35) (91:35) (84:38) (84:38) (84:38) (53:159) (60:51) (60:51) (60:51) (60:51) (34:19)

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379

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Pseudotsuga

Table 1: Genera - Pseudotsuga menziesii Pinaceae Cowlitz Dermatological aid. PSEUDOTSUGA TAXIFOLIA t Fir, douglas Poultice of pitch applied to sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Karok Disinfectant. PSEUDOTSUGA TAXIFOLIA t Fir, douglas Boughs used as an antiseptic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Karok Herbal steam. PSEUDOTSUGA TAXIFOLIA t Fir, douglas Plant used as sweathouse fuel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kwakiutl Antidiarrheal. Fir, douglas Oold compound infusion of burned, pulverized bark taken for diarrhea. Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Fir, douglas Poultice of bark, oil, down and skunk cabbage leaf applied to carbuncles. Kwakiutl Unspecified. Fir, douglas Pitch used as a "good medicine." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Little Lake Antirheumatic - Ext. PSEUDOTSUGA MUCRONATA Spruce, Douglas Leaves used as a sweat bath for rheumatism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Little Lake Diaphoretic. PSEUDOTSUGA MUCRONATA Spruce, Douglas Leaves used as a sweat bath for rheumatism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Little Lake Venereal aid. PSEUDOTSUGA MUCRONATA Spruce, Douglas Decoction of buds used for venereal disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quinault Dermatological aid. PSEUDOTSUGA TAXIFOLIA t Fir, douglas Poultice of pitch applied to sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Skagit Dermatological aid. PSEUDOTSUGA TAXIFOLIA t Fir, douglas Poultice of pitch applied to sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Skagit Disinfectant. PSEUDOTSUGA TAXIFOLIA t Fir, douglas Decoction of bark used as an antiseptic for infections. Squaxin Cold remedy. PSEUDOTSUGA TAXIFOLIA t Fir, douglas Decoction of plant taken as a cold medicine. . . . . . . . . . Swinomish Analgesic. PSEUDOTSUGA TAXIFOLIA t Fir, douglas Decoction of needles applied as poultice to the chest to draw out the pain. Swinomish Cold remedy. PSEUDOTSUGA TAXIFOLIA t Fir, douglas Decoction of root bark taken for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . Swinomish Oral aid. PSEUDOTSUGA TAXIFOLIA t Fir, douglas Bud tips chewed for sore throats or sores in the mouth. Swinomish Throat aid. PSEUDOTSUGA TAXIFOLIA t Fir, douglas Bud tips chewed for sore throats or sores in the mouth. Swinomish Tonic. PSEUDOTSUGA TAXIFOLIA t Fir, douglas Decoction of needles taken as a general tonic. Thompson Ind Antirheumatic - Ext. PSEUDOTSUGA MUCRONATA Fir, douglas Heated branches or moxa of bough tips and needles used to treat rheumatism. Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. PSEUDOTSUGA MUCRONATA Fir, douglas Twig ashes mixed with grease used as a general ointment or salve. . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Disinfectant. PSEUDOTSUGA MUCRONATA Fir, douglas Decoction of branches and twigs used as a purifying body wash in sweathouse. Thompson Ind Diuretic. PSEUDOTSUGA MUCRONATA Fir, douglas Decoction of twigs taken as a diuretic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Tonic. PSEUDOTSUGA MUCRONATA Fir, douglas Decoction of young twigs and leaves said to have tonic properties. Pseudotsuga sp. Pinaceae Okanagan Antirheumatic - Ext. PSEUDOTSUGA DOUGLASSII Fir, douglas Moxa of ashes or ash and fat salve used for rheumatism . . . . . . . . Okanagan Kidney aid. PSEUDOTSUGA DOUGLASSII Fir, douglas Decoction of twigs or shoots taken as a kidney and bladder remedy. Okanagan Urinary aid. PSEUDOTSUGA DOUGLASSII Fir, douglas Decoction of twigs or shoots taken as a kidney and bladder remedy. Thompson Ind Antirheumatic - Ext. PSEUDOTSUGA DOUGLASSII Fir, douglas Moxa of ashes or ash and fat salve used for rheumatism. . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Kidney aid. PSEUDOTSUGA DOUGLASSII Fir, douglas Decoction of twigs or shoots taken as a kidney and bladder remedy. Thompson Ind Urinary aid. PSEUDOTSUGA DOOGLASSII Fir, douglas Decoction of twigs or shoots taken as a kidney and bladder remedy. Pseudotsuga taxi/alia Pinaceae Bella Ooola Analgesic. Fir, douglas Gum mixed with dogfish oil taken as emetic & purgative for intestinal pains. Bella Ooola Antidiarrheal. Fir, douglas Gum mixed with dogfish oil taken as emetic & purgative for colds & diarrhea. Bella Ooola Antirheumatic - Int. Fir, douglas Gum mixed with dogfish oil taken as emetic & purgative for rheumatism. Bella Ooola Oold remedy. Fir, douglas Gum mixed with dogfish oil taken as emetic & purgative for colds & diarrhea. Bella Ooola Gast-intestinal aid. Fir, douglas Gum mixed with dogfish oil taken as emetic & purgative for intestinal pains. .

380

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Genera

(34:19) (58:379) (58:379) (82:270) (82:270) (82:270) (16:309) (16:309) (16:309) (34:19) (34:19) (34:19) (34:19) (34:19) (34:19) (34:19) (34:19) (34:19) (71:475) (71:475) (71:505) (71:475) (71:494) (48:42) (48:42) (48:42) (48:42) (48:42) (48:42) (60:51 ) (60:51) (60:51) (60:51 ) (60:51)

Pseudotsuga

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Pseudotsuga taxifolia Pinaceae

Bella Coola Laxative. Fir, douglas Gum mixed with dogfish oil taken as emetic & purgative for constipation. Bella Coola Venereal aid. Fir, douglas Gum mixed with dogfish oil taken as emetic & purgative for gonorrhea. Navaho-Kayenta Analgesic. . Plant used for stomach disease, headaches and fumigation. Navaho-Kayenta Disinfectant. Plant used for stomach disease, headaches and fumigation. Navaho-Kayenta Gast-intestinal aid. Plant used for stomach disease, headaches and fumigation. Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Fir, douglas Needles used as a ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Fir, douglas Needles used as a ceremonial emetic. Psi1ostrophe sparsiflora Asteraceae Navaho-Kayenta Antidiarrheal. Plant used for diarrhea. . ........ . Navaho-Kayenta Blood medicine. Plant used as a postpartum blood purifier. Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Poultice of plant applied to wounds. Navaho-Kayenta Gynecological aid. Plant used as a postpartum blood purifier. Navaho-Kayenta Other. Plant used as a Life medicine. . . . . . . . Psilostrophe tagetina Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. PSILOSTROPHE TAGETINAE Strong infusion taken for stomachache or as a cathartic. Navaho-Ramah Cathartic. PSILOSTROPHE TAGETINAE Strong infusion of plant taken as a cathartic. . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. PSILOSTROPHE TAGETINAE Cold infusion of leaves used as ceremonial eyewash. . . . . Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. PSILOSTROPHE TAGETINAE Infusion of plant used as lotion for itching. . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Eye medicine. PSILOSTROPHE TAGETINAE Cold infusion of leaves used as ceremonial eyewash. . Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. PSILOSTROPHE TAGETINAE Strong infusion of plant taken for stomachache. . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Throat aid. PSILOSTROPHE TAGETINAE Cold infusion gargled or poultice of leaves applied for sore throat. Zuni Snake bite remedy. Compound poultice of root applied to rattlesnake bite with much ceremony. Psoraiea argophylla Fabaceae Cheyenne Febrifuge. Decoction of plant taken for fever; salve of plant used for high fever. Infusion of ground leaves and stems taken for fevers. . . . . . . . . . . Chippewa Veterinary aid. Psoralea Compound infusion of root applied to chest and legs of horse as a stimulant. Fox Laxative. Psoralea, silver leaf Infusion of root used to cure chronic constipation. Montana Ind. Dermatological aid. Decoction of plant used as a wash for wounds. Psoraiea esculenta Fabaceae Cheyenne Antidiarrheal. Indian breadroot Plant used as a diarrhea medicine. Cheyenne Burn dressing. Indian breadroot Plant used as a burn medicine. Cheyenne Unspecified. Indian breadroot Plant used as an ingredient for medicinal mixtures. Psoralea lanceolata Fabaceae Cheyenne Ceremonial medicine. Indian turnip Plant used for certain ceremonies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Plant used as lotion and poultice of plant applied to itch and sores. Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Scurf pea Cold infusion of plant taken for stomachache and menstrual pain. Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Scurf pea Cold infusion of plant used as ceremonial chant lotion. . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Scurf pea Cold infusion of plant taken for stomachache and menstrual cramps.

Genera

(60:51) (60:51) (91:15) (91:15) (91:15) (84:14) (84:14) (91:49) (91:49) (91:49) (91:49) (91:49) (84:52) (84:52) (84:52) (84:52) (84:52) (84:52) (84:52) (72:53) (32:40) (33:178) (21:366) (62:230) . (3:20) (36:29) (36:29) (36:29) (33:178) (91:29) (84:34) (84:34) (84:34)

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381

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Psoralea

Table 1: Genera -Psoralea lanceolata Fabaceae Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. Scurf pea Cold infusion of plant taken for stomachache and menstrual cramps. Navaho-Ramah Venereal aid. Scurf pea Compound decoction of root used to treat venereal disease. . . . Navaho-Ramah Witchcraft medicine. Scurf pea Cold infusion of plant used as lotion for protection from witches. Psoralea macrostachya Fabaceae Luisenos Dermatological aid. Plant used for ulcers and sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Psoralea orbicularis Fabaceae Costanoan Blood medicine. Decoction of plant used for fevers or for the blood. Costanoan Febrifuge. Decoction of plant used for fevers or for the blood. Psoralea psoralioides Fabaceae Catawba Dermatological aid. PSORALEA PEDUNCULATA Congo root Poultice of boiled roots applied to sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Catawba Dermatological aid. PSORGLEA PEDUNCULATA Ball root Root used as salve for boils, sores and wounds. . . . . . . Catawba Orthopedic aid. PSORGLEA PEDUNCULATA Ball root Root used as salve for broken bones. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Abortifacient. Snakeroot, sampson Infusion taken to "check discharge;" also, taken for obstructed menstruation. Cherokee Diaphoretic. Snakeroot, sampson Taken as a tonic and as a diaphoretic; also, taken for colic and indigestion. . Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Snakeroot, sampson Taken as a tonic and as a diaphoretic; also, taken for colic and indigestion. . Cherokee Gynecological aid. Snakeroot, sampson Infusion taken to "check discharge;" also, taken for obstructed menstruation. Cherokee Tonic. Snakeroot, sampson Taken as a tonic and as a diaphoretic; also, taken for colic and indigestion. . Psoralea tenuiftora Fabaceae Dakota Tuberculosis remedy. PSORALEA FLORIBUNDA Decoction of plants taken for consumption. ... Dakota Tuberculosis remedy. Compound decoction of root taken for consumption. Navaho-Ramah Misc disease remedy. Scurf pea Infusion of plant taken or leaves smoked for influenza. Navaho-Ramah Veterinary aid. Scurf pea Plant used several ways to treat sheep's cough. Zuni Disinfectant. Poultice of moistened leaves applied to any body part for purification. Ptelea trifoliata Rutaceae Fox Adjuvant. Hop tree, three leaved Root often added to other medicines to make them potent. . . . . . . . . . . . Fox Pulmonary aid. Hop tree, three leaved Compound infusion of pounded root used for lung troubles; a good medicine. Menominee Adjuvant. Hop tree, three leaved Bark of root used as a seasoner and to render other medicines potent. Menominee Panacea. Hop tree, three leaved Root considered a sacred medicine; credited with all sorts of cures. Pteridium aquilinum Polypodiaceae Cherokee Antiemetic. Fern, bracken Root used as a tonic and an antiemetic; also, given for "cholera-morbus." Cherokee Disinfectant. Fern, bracken Root used as a tonic and an antiseptic; also, given for "cholera-morbus." Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Fern, bracken Root used as a tonic, an antiseptic, an antiemetic, and for cholera-morbus. Cherokee Tonic. Fern, bracken Root used as a tonic and an antiseptic; also, given for "cholera-morbus." Costanoan Dermatological aid. Decoction of root as hair rinse or roots rubbed on scalp for hair growth. Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Brake Decoction taken when suffering after birth and for diarrhea. Iroquois Antirheumatic - Int. Brake Compound used for rheumatism. No preparation indicated. Iroquois Blood medicine. Brake Cold compound decoction of roots taken for weak blood. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Brake Compound decoction taken for prolapsus of uterus and by men to retain urine.

382

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Genera

(84:34) (84:34) (84:34) (65:231) (5:19) (5:19) (79:32) (67:188) (67:188) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (29:366) (30:93) (84:34) (84:34) (72:58) (62:244) (62:244) (61:51) (61:51) (35:33) (35:33) (35:33) (35:33) . . (5:5) (37:259) (37:259) (37:259) (37:259)

Pteridium

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Pteridium aquilinum Polypodiaceae

Iroquois Gynecological aid. Brake Decoction taken when suffering after birth and for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . Decoction used to make "good blood" after menses, taken after baby's birth. Iroquois Liver aid. Brake Used as a liver and rheumatism medicine. No preparation indicated. Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Brake Compound decoction taken during the early stages of consumption. Decoction of plant taken by women for tuberculosis. . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Urinary aid. Brake Compound decoction taken for prolapsus of uterus and by men to retain urine. Iroquois Venereal aid. Brake Compound used for infection, probably venereal disease. No preparation given. Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Brake Ingredients placed in coffin with root shaped into a person, dies in 10 days. Koasati Analgesic. Brake, common Decoction of ground roots taken for chest pain. Mendocino Ind Veterinary aid. Fern, common bracken Plant used as a diuretic for horses. . . . . . . . . . Menominee Gynecological aid. PTERIS AQUILINA Brake Decoction of root taken for "caked breast;" dog whisker used to pierce teat. Micmac Pediatric aid. PTERIS AQUILINA Brake Fronds of plant used to treat weak babies and old people. Micmac Stimulant. PTERIS AQUILINA Brake Fronds of plant used to treat weak babies and old people. Montagnais Orthopedic aid. PTERIS AQUILINA Brake Fronds used as a bed to strengthen babies' backs and old people. Montagnais Pediatric aid. PTERIS AQUILINA Brake Fronds used as a bed to strengthen babies' backs and old people. Ojibwa Analgesic. PTERIS AQUILINA Brake Infusion of root taken to allay stomach cramps in women. .. Smoke from dried leaves on coals used to relieve a headache. Ojibwa Gynecological aid. PTERIS AQUILINA Brake Infusion of root taken to allay stomach cramps in women. Yana Burn dressing. PTERIS AQUILINA Bracken Poultice of pounded, heated roots applied to burns. PteTospora andromedea Pyrolaceae Cheyenne Antihemorrhagic. PTEROSPORA ANDROMEDA Cold infusion of ground stems and berries taken for lung hemorrhages. Cheyenne Antihemorrhagic. Cold infusion of stem and berries taken for "bleeding at the lungs." Cheyenne Dermatological aid. PTEROSPORA ANDROMEDA Cold infusion of ground stems and berries used as an astringent. Cheyenne Dermatological aid. Plant used as an astringent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cheyenne Hemostat. PTEROSPORA ANDROMEDA Cold infusion of ground stems and berries used as snuff for nosebleeds. Cheyenne Hemostat. Decoction of stem and berries snuffed and used as wash to prevent nosebleed. Cheyenne Pulmonary aid. PTEROSPORA ANDROMEDA Cold infusion of ground stems and berries taken for lung hemorrhages. Cheyenne Pulmonary aid. Decoction of plant taken for bleeding "at the lungs." . . . . . . . . . . . PUTshia glandvlosa Rosaceae Kawaiisu Analgesic. Antelope brush Plant used for menstrual cramps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kawaiisu Emetic. Antelope brush Decoction of inner bark and leaves used as an emetic and laxative. Kawaiisu Gynecological aid. Antelope brush Plant used for menstrual cramps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kawaiisu Laxative. Antelope brush Decoction of inner bark and leaves used as an emetic and laxative. Kawaiisu Venereal aid. Antelope brush Decoction of inner bark and leaves used for gonorrhea. . . . . . . . PUTshia tridentata Rosaceae Klamath Cough medicine. KUNZIA TRIDENTATA Buckbrush Infusion of roots taken for coughs and other lung and bronchial troubles. Klamath Emetic. KUNZIA TRIDENTATA Buckbrush Infusion of smashed, dried, ripe, bitter fruits taken as an emetic. Klamath Pulmonary aid. KUNZIA TRIDENTATA Buckbrush Infusion of roots taken for coughs and other lung and bronchial troubles.

Genera

(37:259) (37:259) (37:259) (37:259) (37:259) (37:259) (37:259) (37:259) . (79:4) (16:304) (61:48) (15:60) (15:60) (66:315) (66:315) (63:382) (63:382) (63:382) (57:253) (33:183) (32:39) (33:183) (32:39) (33:183) (32:39) (33:183) (32:39) (92:55) (92:55) (92:55) (92:55) (92:55) (70:131) (70:131) (70:131)

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383

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Purshia

Table 1: Genera -Purshia tridentata Rosaceae Klamath Respiratory aid. KUNZIA TRIDENTATA Buckbrush Infusion of roots taken for coughs and other lung and bronchial troubles. Montana Ind. Emetic. Dry, ripe fruits mashed in cold water and used as an emetic. Montana Ind. Pulmonary aid. Infusion of roots taken for lung troubles. Navaho Gynecological aid. Antelope brush Plant taken during confinement. . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Antelope brush Leaves used as an emetic in various ceremonies. Navaho-Ramah Disinfectant. Antelope brush Leaves chewed by hunters for good luck in hunting or for "deer infection." Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Antelope brush Leaves used as an emetic in various ceremonies. Navaho-Ramah Febrifuge. Antelope brush Decoction of root used for fever. . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. Antelope brush Decoction of root used to facilitate delivery of placenta. Navaho-Ramah Hunting medicine. Antelope brush Leaves chewed by hunters for good luck in hunting or for "deer infection." Paiute Analgesic. Antelope brush Compound infusion of twigs and leaves taken for tubercular lung pain. Paiute Cathartic. Antelope brush Decoction of leaves or twigs taken as a physic or emetic. . Paiute Cold remedy. Antelope brush Decoction of leaves taken for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Dermatological aid. Antelope brush Poultice of leaf, decoction of plant, or powder of leaves for skin problems. Paiute Emetic. Antelope brush Decoction of leaves or twigs taken as a physic or emetic. Paiute Liver aid. Antelope brush Decoction of leaf taken for liver trouble. . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Misc disease remedy. Antelope brush Decoction of plant taken and as a wash for smallpox, chickenpox, and measles. Paiute Pulmonary aid. Antelope brush Decoction of leaf taken for pneumonia. ... . . . . . . . . . Paiute Tonic. Antelope brush Decoction of leaf taken as a "blood or general tonic." Decoction of leaf taken as a blood tonic or general tonic. Paiute Tuberculosis remedy. Antelope brush Compound decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis and tubercular lung pain. Paiute Venereal aid. Antelope brush Decoction of leaves or inner bark taken for venereal diseases. . . . . . Sanpoil Antihemorrhagic. Antelope brush Infusion of crushed berries used to treat constipation or hemorrhage. Sanpoil Laxative. Antelope brush Infusion of crushed berries used to treat constipation or hemorrhage. Shoshone Antihemorrhagic. Antelope brush Decoction of inner bark taken to aid the healing of an internal rupture. Shoshone Cathartic. Antelope brush Decoction of leaves or twigs taken as a physic or emetic. . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Dermatological aid. Antelope brush Decoction of leaf used as a wash for the swelling of milk leg. . . . . . . Poultice of leaf, decoction of plant, or powder of leaves for skin problems. Shoshone Emetic. Antelope brush Decoction of leaves or twigs taken as a physic or emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Misc disease remedy. Antelope brush Simple/compound decoction of plant taken & as wash for diseases with rashes. Shoshone Other. Antelope brush Bundle of inner bark strips sucked & decoction of leaf as wash for milk leg. Shoshone Tonic. Antelope brush Decoction of leaf taken as a "blood or general tonic." Decoction of leaf taken as a blood tonic or general tonic. Shoshone Venereal aid. Antelope brush Compound decoction of inner bark taken specifically for gonorrhea. Decoction of leaves or roots taken for venereal diseases. Washoe Cathartic. Antelope brush Decoction of ripe, whole seeds taken as a physic.

384

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Genera

· (70:131) (3:20) (3:20) (38:154) (84:31) (84:31) (84:31) (84:31) (84:31) (84:31) (81:126-128) (81:126-128) (81:126-128) (81:126-128) (81:126-128) (81:126-128) (81:126-128) (81:126-128) (81:126-128) (81:126-128) (81:126-128) (81:126-128) · (51:217) · (51:217) (81:126-128) (81:126-128) (81:126-128) (81:126-128) (81:126-128) (81:126-128) (81:126-128) (81:126-128) (81:126-128) (81:126-128) (81:126-128) (81:126-128)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Pycnanthemum

Table 1: Genera -Pycnanthemum albescens Lamiaceae Choctaw Cold remedy. Decoction of leaves taken to cause sweating for colds. Hot decoction of leaves taken as diaphoretic for relief of colds. Choctaw Diaphoretic. Decoction of leaves taken to cause sweating for colds. Hot decoction of leaves taken as diaphoretic for relief of colds. Pycnanthemum jfexuosum Lamiaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Mint Poultice of leaves used for headache; infusion taken for fevers and colds. Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Mint Infusion taken with "green corn" to prevent diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Cold remedy. Mint Poultice of leaves used for headache; infusion taken for fevers and colds. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Mint Warm infusion used to bathe inflamed penis; infusion taken for upset stomach. Cherokee Febrifuge. Mint Poultice of leaves used for headache; infusion taken for fevers and colds. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Mint Infusion of leaves taken for "heart trouble;" infusion for upset stomach. Cherokee Heart medicine. Mint Infusion of leaves taken for "heart trouble;" infusion for upset stomach. Pycnanthemum incanum Lamiaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Mint Poultice of leaves used for headache; infusion taken for fevers and colds. Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Mint Infusion taken with "green corn" to prevent diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Cold remedy. Mint Poultice of leaves used for headache; infusion taken for fevers and colds. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Mint Warm infusion used to bathe inflamed penis; infusion taken for upset stomach. Cherokee Febrifuge. Mint Poultice of leaves used for headache; infusion taken for fevers and colds. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Mint Infusion of leaves taken for "heart trouble;" infusion for upset stomach. Cherokee Heart medicine. Mint Infusion of leaves taken for "heart trouble;" infusion for upset stomach. Choctaw Analgesic. Mint, mountain Infusion of mashed leaves taken and used as a wash for headaches. Choctaw Panacea. Mint, mountain Infusion of mashed leaves blown on sickly patient. Koasati Analgesic. Mint, mountain Decoction of roots taken for headaches. . . . . . . Koasati Hemostat. Mint, mountain Soaked plants put up the nose to stop a nosebleed. Koasati Stimulant. Mint, mountain Cold infusion of leaves taken and used as a bath for laziness. Pycnanthemum virginianum Lamiaceae Chippewa Abortifacient. KOELLIA VIRGINIANA Mint, mountain Decoction of powdered root taken for "stoppage of periods." Chippewa Febrifuge. KOELLIA VIRGINIANA Mint, mountain Compound decoction of leaves taken for chills and fever . . . . Fox Alterative. Mint, mountain Infusion of leaf used as an alterative "when a person is all run down." Fox Febrifuge. Mint, mountain Infusion of tops of plant taken to cure chills and ague. Fox Misc disease remedy. Mint, mountain Infusion of tops of plant taken to cure chills and ague. Fox Stimulant. Mint, mountain Compound containing florets applied at nostrils to rally a dying patient. Pyrola asaTi/alia Pyrolaceae Karok Ceremonial medicine. PIROLA ASARIFOLIA Decoction of plant used as a steam batli for "goofy" child in the Brush Dance. Karok Pediatric aid. PIROLA ASARIFOLIA Decoction of plant used as a steam bath for "goofy" child in the Brush Dance. Karok Sedative. PIROLA ASARIFOLIA Decoction of plant used as a steam bath for "goofy" child in the Brush Dance. Micmac Antihemorrhagic. PYROLA ULIGINOSA Wintergreen Parts of plant used to treat persons who are spitting blood. . . . . . . . . . Micmac Kidney aid. PYROLA ULIGINOSA Wintergreen Parts of plant used to treat gonorrhea; also, used to treat kidney trouble.

Genera

(79:54) . (8:24) (79:54) . (8:24) (35:45) (35:45) (35:45) (35:45) (35:45) (35:45) (35:45) (35:45) (35:45) (35:45) (35:45) (35:45) (35:45) (35:45) (79:55) (79:55) (79:55) (79:55) (79:55) (21:358) (21:354) (62:226,227) (62:226,227) (62:226,227) (62:226,227) (58:387) (58:387) (58:387) (15:60) (15:60)

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385

Pyrola

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Pyrola asarifolia Pyrolaceae Micmac Venereal aid. PYROLA ULlGINOSA Wintergreen Parts of plant used to treat gonorrhea; also, used to treat kidney trouble. Montagnais Panacea. PYROLA ULlGlNOSA Wintergreen Decoction of leaves taken for any ailment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Penobscot Antihemorrhagic. PYROLA ULlGINOSA Wintergreen Compound infusion of plant taken as a tonic and for "spitting up blood." Penobscot Kidney aid. PYROLA ULlGlNOSA Wintergreen Compound infusion of plant taken for gonorrhea and kidney trouble. . .. Penobscot Tonic. PYROLA ULIGlNOSA Wintergreen Compound infusion of plant taken as a tonic and for "spitting up blood." Penobscot Venereal aid. PYROLA ULlGINOSA Wintergreen Compound infusion of plant taken for gonorrhea and kidney trouble. S Carrier Eye medicine. Wintergreen Decoction of leaves, or leaves and roots, used as an eye wash. Shoshone Liver aid. Shin leaf Decoction of root taken for liver trouble. . . . . . . . . . . . . Pyrola elliptica Pyrolaceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Shin leaf "Stick on cuts and sores to heal them." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Anticonvulsive. Shin leaf Decoction of roots & leaves given to babies with fits or epileptic seizures. Iroquois Antirheumatic - Int. Shin leaf Compound infusion of plants taken for rheumatism. . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Blood medicine. Shin leaf Compound used for bad blood and sores on the neck. No preparation indicated. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Shin leaf Compound used for bad blood and sores on the neck. No preparation indicated. Iroquois Eye medicine. Shin leaf Decoction of plant used as drops for sore eyes, sties and inflammed lids. Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Shin leaf Compound decoction of whole plants taken for indigestion. . . . . . . . Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Shin leaf Compound infusion of smashed plants applied as poultice to sore legs. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Shin leaf Decoction of roots & leaves given to babies with fits or epileptic seizures. Mohegan Oral aid. Canker lettuce Infusion of leaves as gargle for sores or cankers in the mouth. Infusion of leaves used as a mouthwash to cure canker sores. Mohegan Throat aid. Canker lettuce Infusion of leaves used as a wash for mouth sores and sore throat. Montagnais Stimulant. Pyrola Decoction of root taken for "weakness." Nootka Cancer treatment. Wintergreen Poultice of bruised plant applied to "tumors." Pyrola picta Pyrolaceae Karok Panacea. PIROLA PICTA Shin leaf, white veined Infusion of plant used as a wash for sick child. Karok Pediatric aid. PIROLA PlCTA Shin leaf, white veined Infusion of plant used as a wash for sick child. Pyrola rotundifolia Pyrolaceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Shin leaf "Stick on cuts and sores to heal them." Pyrola secunda Pyrolaceae S Carrier Eye medicine. Wintergreen Strong decoction of root used as an eye wash. Pyrola sp. Pyrolaceae Nootka Gast-intestinal aid. Wintergreen Plant used to treat "derangement" of stomach and bowels. Thompson Ind Gynecological aid. Plant chewed at childbirth to ease confinement. Pyrola virens Pyrolaceae Navaho-Kayenta Antidiarrheal. PYROLA CHLORANTHA Plant used for bloody diarrhea in infants. Navaho-Kayenta Gynecological aid. PYROLA CHLORANTHA Plant used for menorrhagia. . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Hemostat. PYROLA CHLORANTHA Plant used as a hemostatic. . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Pediatric aid. PYROLA CHLORANTHA Plant used for bloody diarrhea in infants.

386

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Genera

(15:60) (66:314) (66:311) (66:311) (66:311) (66:311) (60:62) (81:128) (35:55) (37:408) (37:409) (37:409) (37:409) (37:409) (37:409) (37:409) (37:408) (76:264) (78:74,130) (78:74,130) (66:315) (74:79) (58:387) (58:387) (35:55) (60:62) (74:81) (71:462) (91:35) (91:35) (91:35) (91:35)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Pyrrhopappus

Table 1: Genera -Pyrrhopappus carolinianus Asteraceae Cherokee Blood medicine. Dandelion, goat Infusion taken to purify blood. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (35:31) Pyrrhopappus multicaulis Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Dandelion, false (84:52) Flower stalks used as a ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Dandelion, false Flower stalks used as a ceremonial emetic. (84:52) Pyrularia pubera Santalaceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Buffalo nut A salve for "old sores;" also, nut of plant chewed to "make vomit for colic." (35:27) Cherokee Emetic. Buffalo nut A salve for "old sores;" also, nut of plant chewed to "make vomit for colic." (35:27) Pyrus americana Rosaceae Micmac Analgesic. Ash, mountain Bark of plant used to treat boils; also, used to treat "mother pains." (15:60) Micmac Dermatological aid. Ash, mountain Bark of plant used to treat boils; also, used to treat "mother pains." (15:60) Micmac Emetic. Ash, mountain Parts of plant used as an emetic. . . . . . . . (15:60) Micmac Gast-intestinal aid. SORBUS AMERICANA Infusion of root taken for colic. . . . . . . . . (66:317) Micmac Gynecological aid. Ash, mountain Bark of plant used to treat boils; also, used to treat "mother pains." (15:60) Micmac Unspecified. SORBUS AMERICANA Infusion of bark taken for unspecified purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (66:317) Montagnais Blood medicine. SORBUS AMERICANA Ash, mountain Decoction of bark taken to purify the blood and to stimulate the appetite. (66:313) Montagnais Dietary aid. SORBUS AMERICANA Ash, mountain Decoction of bark taken to stimulate the appetite and to purify the blood. (66:313) Ojibwa Unspecified. Mountain ash, American Root bark used for medicinal purposes. (52:236) Ojibwa Venereal aid. Mountain ash, American Infusion of root bark taken for gonorrhea. . (52:231) Penobscot Emetic. SORBUS AMERICANA Ash, mountain Plant used as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (66:309) Potawatomi Unspecified. Ash, mountain Inner bark used as a medicine for unspecified ailments. (64:78) Pyrus a'Uc'Uparia Rosaceae Potawatomi Cold remedy. Mountain ash, European Infusion of leaves taken for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (64:78) Potawatomi Emetic. Mountain ash, European Infusion of leaves taken as an emetic to treat pneumonia, diptheria, & croup. (64:78) Potawatomi Misc disease remedy. Mountain ash, European Infusion of leaves taken as an emetic to cure pneumonia, diptheria, & croup. (64:78) Potawatomi Pulmonary aid. Mountain ash, European Infusion of leaves taken as an emetic to cure pneumonia, diptheria, & croup. (64:78) Pyrus coronaria Rosaceae Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. MALUS CORONARIA Crabapple Infusion of bark taken for gallstones and piles; infusion for sore mouth. (35:31) Cherokee Hemorrhoid remedy. MALUS CORONARIA Crabapple Infusion of bark taken for gallstones and "piles;" infusion for sore mouth. (35:31) Cherokee Oral aid. MALUS CORONARIA Crabapple Infusion of bark taken for gallstones; also, infusion is wash for sore mouth. (35:31) Iroquois Abortifacient. Crabapple, wild (37:351) Decoction of roots taken for suppressed menses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Dermatological aid. Crabapple, wild (37:350) Cold infusion of bark used as wash for snowblindness and black or sore eyes. Iroquois Eye medicine. Crabapple, wild (37:350) Cold infusion of bark used as wash for snowblindness and black or sore eyes. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Crabapple, wild (37:350) Cold compound infusion of twig bark taken for difficult birth. Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Crabapple, wild Compound decoction of roots taken for consumption. (37:350) Pyrus fusca Rosaceae Bella Coola Eye medicine. PYRUS DIVERSIFOLIA Crabapple Compound decoction of bark or root used as eye wash for soreness. . . . . . . . . . (60:60) Gitksan Antirheumatic - Int. PYRUS DIVERSIFOLIA Crabapple Decoction of trunk & branch or inner bark taken for consumption & rheumatism. (60:60) Gitksan Dietary aid. PYRUS DIVERSIFOLIA Crabapple Decoction of trunk, branches, or inner bark taken as a "fattening medicine." (60:60)

Genera

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387

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Pyrus

Table 1: Genera -Pyrus fusca Rosaceae Gitksan Diuretic. PYRUS DIVERSIFOLIA Crabapple Decoction of trunk & branches or inner bark taken as a laxative & a diuretic. Gitksan Eye medicine. PYRUS DIVERSIFOLIA Crabapple Juice, scraped from peeled trunk, used as an eye medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . Gitksan Laxative. PYRUS DIVERSIFOLIA Crabapple Decoction of trunk & branch or inner bark taken as a laxative and a diuretic. Gitksan Tuberculosis remedy. PYRUS DIVERSIFOLIA Crabapple Decoction of trunk & branch or inner bark taken for consumption & rheumatism. Klallam Eye medicine. PYRUS DIVERSIFOLIA Crabapple Infusion of bark used as an eye wash. Kwakiutl Antihemorrhagic. Crabapple, wild Shredded bark used for blood spitting. . . . . . . . . Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Crabapple, wild Tree used for eczema or skin troubles. . . . . . . . . Makah Antidiarrheal. PYRUS DIVERSIFOLIA Crabapple Infusion of bark taken for intestinal disorders, dysentery and diarrhea. Makah Dermatological aid. PYRUS DIVERSIFOLIA Crabapple Poultice of chewed bark applied to wounds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Makah Gast-intestinal aid. PYRUS DIVERSIFOLIA Crabapple Infusion of bark taken for intestinal disorders, dysentery and diarrhea. Makah Pulmonary aid. PYRUS DIVERSIFOLIA Crabapple Soaked leaves chewed for lung trouble. . . . . . . . . . . Quileute Pulmonary aid. PYRUS DIVERSIFOLIA Crabapple Infusion of bark taken for lung trouble. . . . . . . . . . Quinault Analgesic. PYRUS DIVERSIFOLIA Crabapple Infusion of bark taken for "soreness inside, for it is throughout the blood." Quinault Blood medicine. PYRUS DIVERSIFOLIA Crabapple Infusion of bark taken for "soreness inside, for it is throughout the blood." Quinault Eye medicine. PYRUS DIVERSIFOLIA Crabapple Infusion of bark used as an eye wash. . ......... . Samish Dermatological aid. PYRUS DIVERSIFOLIA Crabapple Decoction of bark used as a wash for cuts. . . . . . . .. Sarnish Gast-intestinal aid. PYRUS DIVERSIFOLIA Crabapple Decoction of bark taken for stomach disorders . . . . . . . . Swinomish Dermatological aid. PYRUS DIVERSIFOLIA Crabapple Decoction of bark used as a wash for cuts. . . . . . . . . . . Swinomish Gast-intestinal aid. PYRUS 'DIVERSIFOLIA Crabapple Decoction of bark taken for stomach disorders. . . . . . . . . Pyrus ioe1l8is Rosaceae Fox Misc disease remedy. Crabapple, wild Used as a cure for smallpox fifty years ago. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pyrus malus Rosaceae Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. MALUS PUMILA Apple, sweet Infusion of bark taken for gallstones and piles. . . . . . Cherokee Hemorrhoid remedy. MALUS PUMILA Apple, sweet Infusion of bark taken for gallstones and "piles." Cherokee Pulmonary aid. MALUS PUMILA Apple, sweet Used with other ingredients to give ball players wind during the game. Cherokee Throat aid. MALUS PUMILA Apple, sweet Infusion of inner bark for lost voice; ingredient in drink for dry throat. Cherokee Throat aid. Apple Decoction of inner bark taken to loosen phlegm for hoarseness. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Apple, common Compound poultice of bark & fruit peelings used for bruises and black eyes. Iroquois Ear medicine. Apple, common Decoction of bark used as drops for earaches. . . . . . . . . . . .. . Iroquois Eye medicine. Apple, common Compound infusion of bark and leaves used as drops for blindness. Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Apple, common Compound poultice of bark & fruit peelings used for bruises and black eyes. Pyrus melanocarpa Rosaceae Potawatomi Cold remedy. Chokeberry, black Infusion of berry used to cure a cold. . .. Pyrus sitche1l8is Rosaceae ' Bella Coola Antirheumatic - Int. Ash, mountain Decoction of root bark or stem bark taken or used as bath to cure rheumatism .. Bella Coola Eye medicine. Ash, mountain Decoction of root bark or inner bark of stem used as eye wash. Bella Coola Gast-intestinal aid. Ash, mountain Decoction of root bark or inner bark of stem taken "for the stomach."

388

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Genera

(60:60) (60:60) (60:60) (60:60) (34:38) . (82:290) (82:290) (34:38) (34:38) (34:38) (34:38) (34:38) (34:38) (34:38) (34:38) (34:38) (34:38) (34:38) (34:38) (62:242) (35:23) (35:23) (35:23) (35:23) (79:29) (37:350) (37:350) (37:350) (37:350) (64:76) (60:59) (60:59) (60:59)

Pyrus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera -Pyrus sitchensis Rosaceae

Gitksan Cathartic. Ash, mountain Crushed fresh fruit eaten raw as a strong purgative. S Carrier Cold remedy. Ash, mountain Bark chewed for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pyrus sp. Rosaceae Cree Dermatological aid. Service tree Branch bark used for its astringent qualities. . . . . . . . . Cree Misc disease remedy. Service tree Branch bark used for pleurisy and inflammatory diseases. Cree Pulmonary aid. Service tree Branch bark used for pleurisy and inflammatory diseases. Creek Herbal steam. MALUS SP. Crabapple, wild Strong decoction of plant taken, used as wash, & as herbal steam for rabies. Creek Mise disease remedy. MALUS SP. Crabapple, wild Strong decoction of plant taken, used as wash, & as ,herbal steam for rabies. Tlingit Pulmonary aid. PYRUS SAMBUCIFOLIUS Crabapple Plant used to treat pleurisy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quercus agrifolia Fagaceae Mahuna Hemostat. Plant used to heal newborn's bleeding navel. Mahuna Pediatric aid. Plant used to heal newborn's bleeding navel. Quercus alba Fagaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Oak, white Bark used for indigestion, chronic dysentery, & "any debility of the system." . Cherokee Dermatological aid. Oak, white Bark is astringent; bark chewed for mouth sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Infusion of bark applied to sore, chapped skin; bark chewed for mouth sores. Cherokee Disinfectant. Oak, white Bark used as a tonic, an antiseptic, and an emetic. Cherokee Emetic. Oak, white Bark is used as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bark used as a tonic, an antiseptic, and an emetic. Cherokee Febrifuge. Oak, white Bark used after long, intermittent fevers; also, a wash for chills & fevers. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Oak, white Bark used for indigestion, chronic dysentery, & "any debility of the system." . Cherokee Oral aid. Oak, white Infusion of bark applied to sore, chapped skin; bark chewed for mouth sores. Cherokee Respiratory aid. Oak, white Infusion of bark taken for asthma; decoction of inner bark for "lost voice." Cherokee Throat aid. Oak, white Infusion of bark taken for asthma; decoction of inner bark for "lost voice." Cherokee Tonic. Oak, white Bark used as a tonic, an antiseptic, and an emetic. Cherokee Urinary aid. Oak, white Unspecified liquid preparation taken for "milky urine." Delaware-Okl Cough medicine. Oak, white Infusion of bark taken as a remedy for severe cough. Delaware-Okl Dermatological aid. Oak, white Strong infusion of bark used to cleanse bruises and ulcers. Delaware-Okl Disinfectant. Oak, white Compound containing bark used as an antiseptic. Delaware-Okl Gynecological aid. Oak, white Infusion of bark used as an excellent douche. Delaware-Okl Panacea. Oak, white Bark used in many medicinal compounds. .. Delaware-Okl Throat aid. Oak, white Strong infusion of bark gargled for a sore throat. Delaware-Ont Gynecological aid. Oak, white Compound infusion of bark taken for "diseases peculiar to women." Delaware-Ont Tonic. Oak, white Compound infusion of bark taken as a tonic. Fox Antidiarrheal. Oak, white Compound containing bark used for diarrhea. Fox Pulmonary aid. Oak, white Decoction of inner bark taken to "throw up phlegm from the lungs." Houma Antirheumatic - Ext. Oak, white Crushed root mixed with whiskey used as liniment on rheumatic parts.

Genera

(60:59) (60:59) (40:303) (40:303) (40:303) (75:659) (75:659) (43:283) (55:56) (55:56) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (90:74) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) . (77:25,78) (77:25) (77:78) (77:25,78) (77:25,78) (77:25) . (77:68,82) (77:68,82) (62:221) (62:221) (68:56)

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389

Quercus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Quercus alba Fagaceae

Iroquois Psychological aid. Oak, white Compound decoction used to counteract loneliness. No application indicated. · (37:303) Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Oak, white Compound decoction of bark taken for consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . · (37:303) Iroquois Veterinary aid. Oak, white Bark used for horses with distemper. No preparation or application given. · (37:303) Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Oak, white Compound decoction used ''when your woman goes off and won't come back." · (37:303) Menominee Unspecified. Oak, white Inner bark used in compounds; use not specified. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (61:36) Micmac Dietary aid. Oak, white Nuts of plant used to induce thirst; parts of plant used for bleeding piles. (15:60) Micmac Hemorrhoid remedy. Oak, white (15:60) Nuts of plant used to induce thirst; parts of plant used for bleeding piles. Mohegan Analgesic. Oak, white Infusion of bark used as liniment for muscular pains. . . . . . . . . . . . . (11:121) Infusion of inner bark used as liniment for pain in humans and horses. . (78:75) Mohegan Antirheumatic - Ext. Oak, white Infusion of inner bark used as a liniment for pain in humans and horses. (78:75,132) Mohegan Cold remedy. Oak, white Bark used to treat colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (78:132) Mohegan Orthopedic aid. Oak, white Infusion of bark is used as a liniment for people and for horses. (76:266) Infusion of bark used as liniment for muscular pains. . . . . . . (11:121) Mohegan Veterinary aid. Oak, white Infusion of bark is used as a liniment for people and for horses. (76:266) Infusion of inner bark used as a liniment for pain in humans and horses. (78:75,132) Penobscot Dietary aid. Oak, white (66:309) Acorns eaten to induce thirst; plenty of water thought to be beneficial. Penobscot Hemorrhoid remedy. Oak, white Infusion of bark taken to treat bleeding piles. . . . . . . . (66:310) S Ojibwa Antidiarrheal. Oak, white Decoction of root bark and inner bark taken for diarrhea. (39:198) Shinnecock Analgesic. Oak, white (11:121) Infusion of bark used as liniment for muscular pains. Shinnecock Orthopedic aid. Oak, white Infusion of bark used as liniment for muscular pains. (11:121) Quercus bicolor Fagaceae Iroquois Misc disease remedy. Oak, swamp white Compound decoction of bark taken for cholera. (37:303) Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Oak, swamp white Compound decoction of bark taken for broken bones. (37:303) Iroquois Respiratory aid. Oak, swamp white Compound of leaves smoked and exhaled through the nostrils for catarrh. (37:303) Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Oak, swamp white Compound decoction of bark chips taken for consumption. . . . . . . . . . (37:303) Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Oak, swamp white Used ''when wife runs around, takes away lonesomeness." No preparation given. (37:303) Quercus chrysolepis Fagaceae Mendocino Ind Poison. Oak, canyon Nuts ·are poisonous. · (16:342) Quercus dumosa Fagaceae Luisenos Dermatological aid. Gall nuts used for sores and wounds and as an astringent. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · (65:233) Quercus ellip80idalis Fagaceae Menominee Abortifacient. Oak, northern pin Compound decoction of inner bark taken for suppressed menses caused by cold. · (22:133) Quercus falcata Fagaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Oak, Spanish Bark used for indigestion, chronic dysentery, & "any debility of the system." . (35:46) Cherokee Dermatological aid. Oak, Spanish Bark is astringent; bark chewed for mouth sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (35:46) Infusion of bark applied to sore, chapped skin; bark chewed for mouth sores. (35:46) Cherokee Disinfectant. Oak, Spanish Bark used as a tonic, an antiseptic, and an emetic. (35:46) Cherokee Emetic. Oak, Spanish Bark used as a tonic, an antiseptic, and an emetic. (35:46) Cherokee Febrifuge. Oak, Spanish Bark used after long, intermittent fevers; also, a wash for chills & fevers. (35:46)

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Genera

Quercus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Quercus faicata Fagaceae

Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Oak, Spanish Bark used for indigestion, chronic dysentery, & "any debility of the system." . Cherokee Oral aid. Oak, Spanish Infusion of bark applied to sore, chapped skin; bark chewed for mouth sores. Cherokee Respiratory aid. Oak, Spanish Infusion of bark taken for asthma; decoction of inner bark for "lost voice." Cherokee Throat aid. Oak, Spanish Infusion of bark taken for asthma; decoction of inner bark for "lost voice." Cherokee Tonic. Oak, Spanish Bark used as a tonic, an antiseptic, and an emetic. Cherokee Urinary aid. Oak, Spanish Unspecified liquid preparation taken for "milky urine." Houma Antidiarrheal. QUERCUS PAGODAEFOLIA Oak, red Compound decoction of bark taken to relieve dysentery. Houma Orthopedic aid. QUERCUS PAGODAEFOLIA Oak, red Strong decoction of root or bark applied to swollen joints. Houma Throat aid. QUERCUS PAGODAEFOLIA Oak, red Decoction of bark and roots taken for sore throat or hoarseness. Houma Tonic. QUERCUS PAGODAEFOLIA Oak, red Decoction of bark and root taken as a tonic for "run-down health." Quercus gambelii Fagaceae Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Oak, Rocky Mountain white Decoction of root bark used for postpartum pain. Navaho-Ramah Cathartic. Oak, Rocky Mountain white Decoction of root bark used as a cathartic. Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Oak, Rocky Mountain white Leaves used as a ceremonial emetic. . ...... . Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Oak, Rocky Mountain white Leaves used as a ceremonial emetic. ....... . Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. Oak, Rocky Mountain white Decoction of root bark for postpartum pain & to help in delivery of placenta. Navaho-Ramah Other. Oak, Rocky Mountain white Root bark used as "life medicine." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Quercus garryana Fagaceae Cowlitz Tuberculosis remedy. Oak Decoction of bark taken for tuberculosis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Karok Gynecological aid. Oak, Oregon Infusion of plant taken by mother before her first baby comes. Pounded bark rubbed on abdomen & sides of mother before her first baby comes. Quercus ilicifolia Fagaceae Iroquois Gynecological aid. Oak, scrub Used as a wash and taken for "female troubles." No preparation indicated. Iroquois Other. Oak, scrub Used as a "sugar medicine." No preparation or application indicated. Quercus imbricaria Fagaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Oak, shingle Bark used for indigestion, chronic dysentery, & "any debility of the system." . Cherokee Dermatological aid. Oak, shingle Bark is astringent; bark chewed for mouth sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Infusion of bark applied to sore, chapped skin; bark chewed for mouth sores. Cherokee Disinfectant. Oak, shingle Bark used as a tonic, an antiseptic, and an emetic. Cherokee Emetic. Oak, shingle Bark used as a tonic, an antiseptic, and an emetic. Cherokee Febrifuge. Oak, shingle Bark used after long, intermittent fevers; also, a wash for chills & fevers. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Oak, shingle Bark used for indigestion, chronic dysentery, & "any debility of the system." . Cherokee Oral aid. Oak, shingle Infusion of bark applied to sore, chapped skin; bark chewed for mouth sores. Cherokee Respiratory aid. Oak, shingle . Infusion of bark taken for asthma; decoction of inner bark for "lost voice." Cherokee Throat aid. Oak, shingle Infusion of bark taken for asthma; decoction of inner bark for "lost voice." Cherokee Tonic. Oak, shingle Bark used as a tonic, an antiseptic, and an emetic. Cherokee Urinary aid. Oak, shingle Unspecified liquid preparation taken for "milky urine."

Genera

(35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (68:56) (68:56) (68:56) (68:56) (84:22) (84:22) (84:22) (84:22) (84:22) (84:22) (34:27) (58:382) (58:382) (37:302) (37:302) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46)

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391

Quercus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Quercus lobata Fagaceae Yuki Antidiarrheal. Oak, common white Bark used for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (16:343) Quercus macrocarpa Fagaceae Chippewa Analgesic. Oak, bur Decoction of root or inner bark taken for cramps. · (21:340) Chippewa Gast-intestinal aid. Oak, bur Decoction of inner bark used for cramps. · (21:340) Chippewa Heart medicine. Oak, bur Compound decoction of inner bark prepared ceremonially for heart trouble. · (21:338) Chippewa Pulmonary aid. Oak, bur Compound decoction of inner bark taken for lung trouble. . . . . . . · (21:340) Fox Anthelmintic. Oak, bur (62:221,222) Compound containing wood and inner bark used to expel pinworms. Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Oak, bur Infusion of bark chips taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . · (37:303) Iroquois Antidote. Oak, bur "Plant will stop the effects of the laxative made from V. opulus." · (37:303) Iroquois Dermatological aid. Oak, bur Complex compound decoction used as wash on parts affected by "Italian itch." · (37:303) Menominee Abortifacient. Mossy cup Compound decoction of inner bark taken for suppressed menses caused by cold. · (22:133) Ojibwa Dermatological aid. Oak, bur Bark used as an astringent medicine. . . . . · (63:369) Ojibwa Orthopedic aid. Oak, bur Bark used to bandage a broken foot or leg. · (63:369) Quercus marilandica Fagaceae Choctaw Analgesic. Oak, scrub (79:17) Infusion of tree bark coal taken to remove the afterbirth and ease cramps. Choctaw Gynecological aid. Oak, scrub (79:17) Infusion of tree bark coal taken to aid in childbirth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (79:17) Infusion of tree bark coal taken to remove the afterbirth and ease cramps . Quercus muehJenbergii Fagaceae Delaware-Ont Antiemetic. Oak, yellow Infusion of bark taken to stop vomiting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (77:68,82) Quercus palustris Fagaceae Delaware-Okl Analgesic. Oak, pin . (77:25,78) Infusion of inner bark taken for intestinal pains. Delaware-Okl Gast-intestinal aid. Oak, pin (77:25) Infusion of inner bark taken for intestinal pains. Quercus rubra Fagaceae Alabama Dermatological aid. QUERCUS BOREALIS Oak, gray (79:16) Decoction of bark used as a wash for bad smelling sores on the head or feet. Alabama Orthopedic aid. QUERCUS BOREALIS Oak, gray (79:16) Infusion of bark given to child old enough to walk but too weak to do so. Alabama Pediatric aid. QUERCUS BOREALIS Oak, gray (79:16) Infusion of bark given to child old enough to walk but too weak to do so. Alabama Pulmonary aid. QUERCUS BOREALIS Oak, gray Infusion of bark taken for lung troubles. . . . . . . . (79:16) Alabama Throat aid. QUERCUS BOREALIS Oak, gray (79:16) Decoction of bark taken for sore throats. . . . . . . Cherokee Antidiarrheal. QUERCUS BOREALIS Oak, gray (79:16) Infusion of twig juice taken for dysentery. . . . . . . Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Oak, red (35:46) Bark used for indigestion, chronic dysentery, & "any debility of the system." .. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Oak, red (35:46) Bark is astringent; bark chewed for mouth sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (35:46) Infusion of bark applied to sore, chapped skin; bark chewed for mouth sores. Cherokee Disinfectant. Oak, red Bark used as a tonic, an antiseptic, and an emetic. (35:46) Cherokee Emetic. Oak, red (35:46) Bark used as a tonic, an antiseptic, and an emetic. Cherokee Febrifuge. Oak, red Bark used after long, intermittent fevers; also, a wash for chills & fevers. (35:46) Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Oak, red Bark used for indigestion, chronic dysentery, & "any debility of the system." . (35:46) Cherokee Oral aid. Oak, red Infusion of bark applied to sore, chapped skin; bark chewed for mouth sores. (35:46) Cherokee Respiratory aid. Oak, red Infusion of bark taken for asthma; decoction of inner bark for "lost voice." (35:46)

392

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Genera

Quercus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - QueTc'UB rubro Fagaceae Cherokee Throat aid. Oak, red Infusion of bark taken for asthma; decoction of inner bark for "lost voice." Cherokee Throat aid. Oak, Spanish Decoction of inner bark taken for hoarseness. .. . . Cherokee Tonic. Oak, red Bark used as a tonic, an antiseptic, and an emetic. Cherokee Urinary aid. Oak, red Unspecified liquid preparation taken for "milky urine." Chippewa Heart medicine. Oak, red Compound decoction of inner bark prepared ceremonially for heart trouble. Delaware-Okl Cough medicine. Oak, red Infusion of bark taken as a remedy for severe cough. Delaware-Ok! Throat aid. Oak, red Infusion of bark taken to relieve hoarseness. Iroquois Dermatological aid. QUERCUS BOREALIS Oak, swamp white Complex compound decoction used as wash on parts affected by "Italian itch." Powdered bark poultice bound to ruptured or improperly healed navels. Mahuna Toothache remedy. Oak, American red Plant juice used for straightening and setting loose teeth. Micmac Antidiarrheal. Oak, red Bark and roots used to treat diarrhea. . . . . . . .. Ojibwa Blood medicine. Oak, red Decoction of bark taken for internal blood diseases. Ojibwa Heart medicine. Oak, red Bark used for "heart troubles and bronchial affections." Ojibwa Respiratory aid. Oak, red Bark used for "heart troubles and bronchial affections." Ojibwa Unspecified. Oak, red Plant used for medicinal purposes. Ojibwa Venereal aid. Oak, red Infusion of root bark taken for gonorrhea. Potawatomi Antidiarrheal. Oak, red Inner bark used to cure flux. . . . . . . . . Rappahannock Dietary aid. Oak, red Infusion of north side bark taken as an appetizer. Rappahannock Tonic. Oak, red Decoction of bark and leaves taken as a beneficial beverage (bitters). S Ojibwa Antidiarrheal. Oak, red Decoction of root bark and inner bark taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . Querc'UB sp. Fagaceae Alabama Dermatological aid. Oak, red Decoction of bark used as a wash for bad-smelling sores on the feet or head. Alabama Emetic. Oak, red Decoction of bark taken as emetic by patient with lung trouble. Alabama Pulmonary aid. Oak, red Decoction of bark taken as emetic by patient with lung trouble. Alabama Throat aid. Oak, red Boiled bark used to treat sore throat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chippewa Hemostat. Oak Poultice of chewed fresh or dry root applied to wounds as a styptic. Costanoan Antidiarrheal. Infusion of acorns used for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Costanoan Toothache remedy. Decoction of bark used for toothaches and to tighten loose teeth. Creek Orthopedic aid. Oak, red Compound decoction of bark as a wash to strengthen children unable to walk. Creek Pediatric aid. Oak, red Compound decoction of bark as a wash to strengthen children unable to walk. Dakota Gast-intestinal aid. Oak Decoction of root bark given for bowel trouble, especially in children. Dakota Pediatric aid. Oak Decoction of root bark given for bowel trouble, especially in children. Iroquois Throat aid. Poultice of inner bark used for "sore throats that will not heal." ... Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Compound used for tuberculosis. No preparation or application indicated. Mendocino Ind Dietary aid. Plant used for fattening. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Neeshenams Antirheumatic - Int. Oak Burning pitch smoke inhaled for coughs, colds and rheumatism.

Genera

(35:46) (79:17) (35:46) (35:46) . (21:338) . (77:25,78) . (77:25,78) (37:304) (37:304) (55:25) (15:60) (52:231) (63:369,370) (63:369,370) (52:242) (52:231) (64:58) (69:26) (69:26) (39:198) (75:665) (75:665) (75:665) (75:665) (21:356) (5:20) (5:20) (75:665) (75:665) (30:75) (30:75) (37:302) (37:302) (16:26) (49:374)

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393

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Quercus

Table 1: Genera -Quercus sp. Fagaceae Neeshenams Burn dressing. Oak Poultice of powdered acorns applied to burns or scalds. . . . . .. Neeshenams Cold remedy. Oak Burning pitch smoke inhaled for coughs, colds and rheumatism. N eeshenams Cough medicine. Oak Burning pitch smoke inhaled for coughs, colds and rheumatism. Neeshenams Dermatological aid. Oak Pitch rubbed on wounds, sores or arrow wounds. . . . . . . . . . Neeshenams Psychological aid. Oak Poultice of hot pitch and powdered, burned acorns applied to mourning widows. Ojibwa Blood medicine. Oak Decoction of bark taken for internal blood diseases. . . . . . . . . . . . Omaha Gast-intestinal aid. Oak Decoction of root bark given for bowel trouble, especially in children. Omaha Pediatric aid. Oak Decoction of root bark given for bowel trouble, especially in children. Pawnee Gast-intestinal aid. Oak Decoction of root bark given for bowel trouble, especially in children. Pawnee Pediatric aid. Oak Decoction of root bark given for bowel trouble, especially in children. Ponca Gast-intestinal aid. Oak Decoction of root bark given for bowel trouble, especially in children. Ponca Pediatric aid. Oak Decoction of root bark given for bowel trouble, especially in children. Winnebago Gast-intestinal aid. Oak Decoction of root bark given for bowel trouble, especially in children. Winnebago Pediatric aid. Oak Decoction of root bark given for bowel trouble, especially in children. Quercus stellata Fagaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Oak, post Bark used for indigestion, chronic dysentery, & "any debility of the system." . Infusion of twig juice taken for dysentery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Dermatological aid. Oak, post Bark is astringent; bark chewed for mouth sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Infusion of bark applied to sore, chapped skin; bark chewed for mouth sores. Cherokee Disinfectant. Oak, post Bark used as a tonic, an antiseptic, and an emetic. Cherokee Emetic. Oak, post Bark used as a tonic, an antiseptic, and an emetic. Cherokee Febrifuge. Oak, post Bark used after long, intermittent fevers; also, a wash for chills & fevers. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Oak, post Bark used for indigestion, chronic dysentery, & "any debility of the system." . Cherokee Oral aid. Oak, post Infusion of bark applied to sore, chapped skin; bark chewed for mouth sores. Cherokee Respiratory aid. Oak, post Infusion of bark taken for asthma; decoction of inner bark for "lost voice." Cherokee Throat aid. Oak, post Infusion of bark taken for asthma; decoction of inner bark for "lost voice." Cherokee Tonic. Oak, post Bark used as a tonic, an antiseptic, and an emetic. . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Urinary aid. Oak, post Infusion of inner bark taken for difficult urination with discharge. Unspecified liquid preparation taken for "milky urine." Choctaw Gast-intestinal aid. Oak, post Decoction of bark taken for stomachaches. Creek Antidiarrheal. Oak, post Bark used to make a drink taken for dysentery. Infusion of bark taken for dysentery. . . . . .. Quercus unli/ulata Fagaceae Navaho-Kayenta Sedative. Plant used for nervousness. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Oak, Rocky Mountain shin Decoction of root bark used for internal pains. . Navaho-Ramah Other. Oak, Rocky Mountain shin Decoction of root bark taken for internal pains. Quercus velutina Fagaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Oak, black Bark used for indigestion, chronic dysentery, & "any debility of the system." . . . . . . . ..

394

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Genera

(49:374) (49:374) (49:374) (49:375) (49:375) (52:231) (30:75) (30:75) (30:75) (30:75) (30:75) (30:75) (30:75) (30:75) (35:46) (79:18) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (79:18) (35:46) (79:18) (75:659) (79:18) (91:18) (84:22) (84:22) (35:46)

Quercus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Quercus velutina Fagaceae

Cherokee Dermatological aid. Oak, black Bark is astringent; bark chewed for mouth sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Infusion of bark applied to sore, chapped skin; bark chewed for mouth sores. Cherokee Disinfectant. Oak, black Bark used as a tonic, an antiseptic, and an emetic. Cherokee Emetic. Oak, black Bark used as a tonic, an antiseptic, and an emetic. Cherokee Febrifuge. Oak, black Bark used after long, intermittent fevers; also, a wash for chills & fevers. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Oak, black Bark used for indigestion, chronic dysentery, & "any debility of the system." . Cherokee Gynecological aid. Oak, black Compound infusion of bark of black oak taken for "female trouble." Cherokee Oral aid. Oak, black Infusion of bark applied to sore, chapped skin; bark chewed for mouth sores. Cherokee Respiratory aid. Oak, black Infusion of bark taken for asthma; decoction of inner bark for "lost voice." Cherokee Throat aid. Oak, black Infusion of bark taken for asthma; decoction of inner bark for "lost voice." Cherokee Tonic. Oak, black Bark used as a tonic, an antiseptic, and an emetic. Cherokee Urinary aid. Oak, black Unspecified liquid preparation taken for "milky urine." Delaware-Okl Cold remedy. Oak, black Infusion of inner bark taken and used as a gargle for colds. Delaware-Okl Throat aid. Oak, black Decoction of inner bark taken and used as a gargle for hoarseness. Fox Pulmonary aid. Oak, black Compound containing inner bark used to treat lung troubles. Menominee Eye medicine. Oak, black Decoction of crushed bark used as a wash to cure sore eyes. Quercus virginiana Fagaceae Houma Antidiarrheal. Oak, live Decoction of bark taken for dysentery. Quercus wislizenii Fagaceae Kawaiisu Antirheumatic - Int. Oak, interior scrub Decoction of inner bark taken for arthritis. Kawaiisu Burn dressing. Oak, interior scrub Ground plant applied to burns. Ranunculus abortivus Ranunculaceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Crowfoot Used as poultice for abscesses; also, infusion used for "thrash." Cherokee Oral aid. Crowfoot Used as poultice for abscesses; also, infusion used for "thrash." Cherokee Sedative. Crowfoot Infusion gargled for sore throat; also, juice used as sedative. Cherokee Throat aid. Crowfoot Infusion gargled for sore throat; also, juice used as sedative. Fox Hemostat. Crowfoot, abortive Root used as a styptic to stop nosebleed. . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Anticonvulsive. Crowfoot, small fiowered Compound decoction of roots taken by men and women for epilepsy. Iroquois Antidote. Crowfoot, small flowered Decoction of smashed root taken for stomach trouble and to counteract poison. Iroquois Blood medicine. Crowfoot, small flowered Compound infusion of roots taken for blood disease which causes fainting. Iroquois Emetic. Crowfoot, small flowered Compound decoction of plants taken to vomit after taking epilepsy medicine. Decoction of root taken to vomit for stomach trouble & to counteract poison. Iroquois Eye medicine. Crowfoot, small flowered Decoction of roots and leaves used as wash for sore eyes from catching cold. Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Crowfoot, small flowered Decoction of smashed root taken for stomach trouble and to counteract poison. Iroquois Misc disease remedy. Crowfoot, small flowered Decoction of roots taken to dry up smallpox. . . . . . Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Crowfoot, small flowered Compound decoction of roots taken for stiff muscles. Iroquois Psychological aid. Crowfoot, small flowered Compound decoction of plants taken for "loss of senses during menses."

Genera

(35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) (35:46) . (77:25,78) . (77:25,78) (62:222) (61:36) (68:56) (92:56) (92:56) (35:31) (35:31) (35:31) (35:31) (62:239) (37:325) (37:320) (37:325) (37:325) (37:320) (37:325) (37:320) (37:320) (37:325) (37:325)

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395

Ranunculus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Ran'Unculus abortiV'Ull Ranunculaceae Iroquois Snake bite remedy. Crowfoot, small flowered (37:320) Decoction of smashed root used as a wash for snake bites. Iroquois Toothache remedy. Crowfoot, small flowered Plant used for sore teeth. No preparation or application indicated. (37:325) Ran'Unculus acris Ranunculaceae Bella Coola Dermatological aid. RANUNCULUS ARCIS Buttercup, tall Poultice of pounded roots applied to boils. . . . . . . . . . . . . (60:57) Cherokee Dermatological aid. Crowfoot (35:31) Used as poultice for abscesses; also, infusion used for "thrash." Cherokee Oral aid. Crowfoot Used as poultice for abscesses; also, infusion used for "thrash." (35:31) Cherokee Sedative. Crowfoot Infusion gargled for sore throat; also, juice used as sedative. (35:31) Cherokee Throat aid. Crowfoot Infusion gargled for sore throat; also, juice used as sedative. (35:31) Iroquois Analgesic. Buttercup, tall meadow Smashed plant poultice applied to chest for pains and colds. (37:320) Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Buttercup, tall meadow (37:320) Infusion of roots taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Antihemorrhagic. Buttercup, tall meadow Smashed plant poultice applied to chest for pains and colds. (37:320) Micmac Analgesic. Buttercup Leaves used to treat headache. . . . . . . . . (15:60) Montagnais Analgesic. Buttercup Crushed leaves inhaled to relieve headache. (66:315) Ran'Unculus bulbo8'U8 Ranunculaceae Iroquois Toothache remedy. Buttercup, bulbous Root placed in cavity to break up the tooth for a toothache. (37:320) Iroquois Venereal aid. Buttercup, bulbous Decoction of plants taken for venereal disease. . . . . . . . . . (37:320) Ran'Unculus cymbalaria Ranunculaceae Kawaiisu Dermatological aid. Buttercup Mashed leaves and flowers applied as salve to sores and cuts. (92:58) Navaho Venereal aid. Plant used for syphilis. (23:96) Navaho-Kayenta Other. Plant used as a Life medicine. (91:22) Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Crowfoot, desert Plant used as an emetic in various ceremonies. (84:27) Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Crowfoot, desert Plant used as an emetic in various ceremonies. (84:27) Ran'Unculus ftabellaris Ranunculaceae Fox Cold remedy. RANUNCULUS DELPHINIFOLIUS Crowfoot, water yellow (62:239,240) Flower stigmas used as snuff to induce sneezing for catarrh and head colds. Fox Respiratory aid. RANUNCULUS DELPHINIFOLIUS Crowfoot, water yellow Compound containing leaves used as a snuff for catarrh and head cold. (62:239,240) Ran'Unculus glaberrimus Ranunculaceae Thompson Ind Poison. Buttercup Flowers or whole plant rubbed on arrow points as a poison. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (71:512) Ran'Unculus inamoenus Ranunculaceae Navaho-Ramah Hunting medicine. Buttercup Cold infusion of plant taken and as lotion to protect hunters from animals. . . . . . . . . . (84:27) Ran'Unculus lapponicus Ranunculaceae W. Eskimo Dietary aid. Marigold, marsh Plants soaked and eaten by starving persons before eating other food. . . . . . . . . . . . . (46:23) Ran'Unculus occidentalis Ranunculaceae Aleut Poison. Buttercup Flower juice slipped into food to cause a person "to waste away to nothing." . . . . . . . . (1:428) Ran'Unculus pensylvanic'US Ranunculaceae Ojibwa Hunting medicine. RANUNCULUS PENNSYLVANICUS Crowfoot, bristly Seeds used as a hunting medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (63:383) Potawatomi Dermatological aid. RANUNCULUS PENNSYLVANICUS Crowfoot, bristly Plant used as an astringent medicine for unspecified diseases. .......... (64:75) Ran'Unculus TeC'Urvatus Ranunculaceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Crowfoot (35:31) Used as poultice for abscesses; also, infusion used for "thrash." . Cherokee Oral aid. Crowfoot (35:31) Used as poultice for abscesses; also, infusion used for "thrash." Cherokee Sedative. Crowfoot Infusion gargled for sore throat; also, juice used as sedative. (35:31)

396

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Genera

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Ranunculus

Table 1: Genera - Ranunculu.s recurvatus Ranunculaceae Cherokee Throat aid. Crowfoot Infusion gargled for sore throat; also, juice used as sedative. . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Laxative. Crowfoot, hooked Compound decoction of roots taken to loosen bowels and for venereal disease. Iroquois Toothache remedy. Crowfoot, hooked Decoction of roots taken to "kill the worms" in sore and hollow teeth. Iroquois Venereal aid. Crowfoot, hooked Decoction of roots taken for venereal disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ranunculu.s sceleratus Ranunculaceae Thompson Ind Poison. Buttercup Flowers or whole plant rubbed on arrow points as a poison. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ranunculu.s septentrionalis Ranunculaceae Iroquois Toothache remedy. Buttercup, swamp Root placed in cavity to break up the tooth for a toothache. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ranunculu.s sp. Ranunculaceae Costanoan Dermatological aid. Decoction of plant used as a wash for wounds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Veterinary aid. Compound decoction given to cows when bearing a calf and womb comes out. Thompson Ind Poison. Flowers of several species used as a poison on arrowheads. . . . . . . . . . . . . Ranunculu.s uncinatus Ranunculaceae Thompson Ind Antirheumatic - Ext. RANUNCULUS DOUGLASII Buttercup Decoction of plant as a wash or steam for stiff, sore muscles and rheumatism. Thompson Ind Diaphoretic. RANUNCULUS DOUGLASII Buttercup Decoction of plant used as a sweatbath wash for stiff, sore muscles & bones. Thompson Ind Disinfectant. RANUNCULUS DOUGLASII Buttercup Decoction of whole plant used as a body wash for purification in sweathouse. Thompson Ind Herbal steam. RANUNCULUS DOUGLASII Buttercup Decoction of plant as a wash or steam for stiff, sore muscles and rheumatism. Thompson Ind Orthopedic aid. RANUNCULUS DOUGLASII Buttercup Decoction of plant used as a sweatbath wash for stiff, sore muscles & bones. Ratibida columnifera Asteraceae Cheyenne Analgesic. RATIBIDA COLUMNARIS Infusion of leaves and stems rubbed on rattlesnake bite to relieve the pain. Cheyenne Dermatological aid. RATIBIDA COLUMNARIS Infusion of leaves and stems rubbed on areas affected by poison ivy. Cheyenne Snake bite remedy. RATIBIDA COLUMNARIS Infusion of leaves and stems rubbed on rattlesnake bite to relieve the pain. Dakota Analgesic. RATIBIDA COLUMNARIS Cone flower, prairie Flowers used for chest pains and other ailments. . . . . . . . . . . . . Dakota Dermatological aid. RATIBIDA COLUMNARIS Cone flower, prairie Flowers used for wounds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dakota Panacea. RATIBIDA COLUMNARIS Cone flower, prairie Flowers used for chest pains and other ailments. . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Febrifuge. RATIBIDA COLUMNARIS Cone flower Cold infusion used for fever. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Veterinary aid. RATIBIDA COLUMNARIS Cone flower Cold infusion given to sheep which are "out of their minds." Zuni Emetic. RATIBIDA COLUMNARIS Cone flower Infusion of whole plant taken as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . Ratibida tagetes Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Cone flower Strong infusion of leaves used for stomachache or as a cathartic. Navaho-Ramah Cathartic. Cone flower Strong infusion of leaves used as a cathartic. Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Cone flower Plant used in ceremonial chant lotion. Navaho-Ramah Cough medicine. Cone flower Cold infusion of leaves taken for coughs and fever. Navaho-Ramah Febrifuge. Cone flower Cold infusion of leaves taken for coughs and fever. Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Cone flower Strong infusion of leaves taken for stomachache. Navaho-Ramah Other. Cone flower Plant used as "life medicine." . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Pediatric aid. Cone flower Decoction of root used for "birth injuries." Navaho-Ramah Venereal aid. Cone flower Plant used as a fumigant for sexual infection.

Genera

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(35:31) (37:320) (37:320) (37:320) (71:512) (37:320) . . (5:8) (37:324) (71:512) (71:473) (71:473) (71:505) (71:473) (71:473) (33:188) (33:188) (33:188) (29:368) (29:368) (29:368) (84:52) (84:52) (72:59) (84:52) (84:52) (84:52) (84:52) (84:52) (84:52) (84:52) (84:52) (84:52)

397

Reverchonia

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Reverchonia arenaria Euphorbiaceae Hopi Gynecological aid. Plant used to stop postpartum hemorrhage. Navaho-Kayenta Veterinary aid. Plant used for livestock bloat. . . . . . . . . Rhamnus olnifolia Rhamnaceae Fox Laxative. Buckthorn Decoction of bark taken to cure constipation. . ............... . Iroquois Antidote. Buckthorn, alder leaved Infusion of plant taken and poultice applied to swelling caused by poison. Iroquois Blood medicine. Buckthorn, alder leaved Infusion of bark given to children as a tonic, physic and as blood purifier. Iroquois Cathartic. Buckthorn, alder leaved Infusion of bark given to children as a tonic, physic and as blood purifier. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Buckthorn, alder leaved Infusion of plant taken and poultice applied to swelling caused by poison. Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Buckthorn, alder leaved Infusion given and used as a wash for peevish children and for bad backs. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Buckthorn, alder leaved Infusion given and used as a wash for peevish children and for bad backs. Infusion of bark given to children as a tonic, physic and as blood purifier. Iroquois Sedative. Buckthorn, alder leaved Infusion given and used as a wash for peevish children and for bad backs. Iroquois Tonic. Buckthorn, alder leaved Infusion of bark given to children as a tonic, physic and as blood purifier. Iroquois Venereal aid. Buckthorn, alder leaved Compound decoction of roots taken for gonorrhea. Potawatomi Cathartic. Buckthorn, alder leaved Inner bark used as a physic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhamnus betulifolia Rhamnaceae Navaho-Kayenta Ceremonial medicine. RHAMNUS BETULAEFOLIA Plant used in a hoop for the emetic ceremony of Mountain-top-way. Navaho-Kayenta Emetic. RHAMNUS BETULAEFOLIA Plant used in a hoop for the emetic ceremony of Mountain-top-way. Rhamnus colifornica Rhamnaceae Costanoan Cathartic. Decoction of inner bark used as a purgative. Costanoan Dermatological aid. Decoction of leaves used for poison oak dermatitis. Costanoan Laxative. Dried, ground inner bark used as a laxative. Kawaiisu Antidote. Coffee berry, California Crushed berries used to counteract poisoning. Kawaiisu Burn dressing. Coffee berry, California Crushed leaves and berries rubbed into burns. Kawaiisu Dermatological aid. Coffee berry, California Crushed berries applied to sores to stop infections. Crushed leaves and berries used to heal wounds. .. Kawaiisu Disinfectant. Coffee berry, California Crushed berries applied to sores to stop infections. Kawaiisu Hemostat. Coffee berry, California Crushed berries used to stop the flow of blood. Kawaiisu Laxative. Coffee berry, California Ripe berries eaten as a laxative. . . . . . . Kawaiisu Unspecified. Coffee berry, California Roots or dried seeds used as medicine. .. Mahuna Cathartic. Coffee berry, American Powdered bark used as a cathartic for constipation. Mendocino Ind Cathartic. Bark used as a cathartic. Mendocino Ind Kidney aid. Bark used for kidney troubles. Mendocino Ind Misc disease remedy. Bark used for grippe. . . . . . . . Mendocino Ind Psychological aid. Decoction of bark taken for mania. Neeshenams Toothache remedy. FRANGULA CALIFORNIA Buckthorn, California Heated root held in the mouth for toothaches. Pomo Laxative. Coffee berry Decoction of bark taken for constipation.

398

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Genera

. (88:36,84) (91:31) (62:241) (37:381) (37:381) (37:381) (37:381) (37:381) (37:381) (37:381) (37:381) (37:381) (37:381) (64:75) (91:31) (91:31) (5:22) (5:22) (5:22) (92:58) (92:58) (92:58) (92:58) (92:58) (92:58) (92:58) (92:58) (55:21) (16:368) (16:368) (16:368) (16:368) (49:376) (27:14)

Rhamnus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Rhamnus coJifomica Rhamnaceae

Pomo Poison. Coffee berry Berries are poisonous. . . . . . . .. Yokia Misc disease remedy. Decoction of bark taken for grippe. Rhamnus caroliniana Rhamnaceae Creek Liver aid. Infusion of wood taken for jaundice. . . . . . . . . Delaware-Old Cathartic. Buckthorn Decoction of bark taken as an emetic or cathartic. Delaware-Okl Emetic. Buckthorn Decoction of bark taken as an emetic or cathartic. Delaware-Okl Gast-intestinal aid. Buckthorn Decoction of bark taken "to remove bile from the intestines." Delaware-Old Liver aid. Buckthorn Decoction of bark taken "to remove bile from the intestines." Rhamnus cathartica Rhamnaceae Cherokee Cathartic. RHAMNUS CATHARTICUS Buckthorn Bark and fruit used as cathartic; also, decoction of bark used for itch. Cherokee Dermatological aid. RHAMNUS CATHARTICUS Buckthorn Bark and fruit used as cathartic; also, decoction of bark used for itch. Cherokee Eye medicine. RHAMNUS CATHARTICUS Buckthorn Used as wash for sore and inflamed eyes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhamnus crocea Rhamnaceae Kawaiisu Analgesic. RHAMNUS ILICIFOLIA Holly leaf berry Decoction of roots and bark taken for coughs, colds and internal soreness. Plant smoke inhaled for headaches and rheumatism. . . . . . . . Kawaiisu Antirheumatic - Int. RHAMNUS ILICIFOLIA Holly leaf berry Plant smoke inhaled for headaches and rheumatism. Kawaiisu Blood medicine. RHAMNUS ILICIFOLIA Holly leaf berry Infusion of roots and bark taken as a blood medicine. Plant used by women who are short of blood. . . . . . . . . . Kawaiisu Cold remedy. RHAMNUS ILICIFOLIA Holly leaf berry Decoction of roots and bark taken for coughs, colds and internal soreness. Kawaiisu Cough medicine. RHAMNUS ILICIFOLIA Holly leaf berry Decoction of roots and bark taken for coughs, colds and internal soreness. Kawaiisu Dermatological aid. RHAMNUS ILICIFOLIA Holly leaf berry Plant used for boils and carbuncles. . . . . . . . . . . Kawaiisu Diuretic. RHAMNUS ILICIFOLIA Holly leaf berry Decoction of roots used to increase urination. Kawaiisu Gast-intestinal aid. RHAMNUS ILICIFOLIA Holly leaf berry Plant used for stomach disorders and the spleen. . . . . . . . . Kawaiisu Gynecological aid. RHAMNUS ILICIFOLIA Holly leaf berry Plant used by women who are short of blood. . . . . . . Kawaiisu Kidney aid. RHAMNUS ILICIFOLIA Holly leaf berry Plant used for the kidneys, liver and spleen. . . . . . . . Kawaiisu Laxative. RHAMNUS ILICIFOLIA Holly leaf berry Decoction of roots used to loosen the bowels and as a laxative. Kawaiisu Liver aid. RHAMNUS ILICIFOLIA Holly leaf berry Plant used for the kidneys, liver and spleen. . . . . . . . . . . . Kawaiisu Stimulant. RHAMNUS ILICIFOLIA Holly leaf berry Infusion of roots and bark taken when "one feels tired and run down." Kawaiisu Venereal aid. RHAMNUS ILICIFOLIA Holly leaf berry Decoction of roots used for gonorrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhamnus purshiana Rhamnaceae Cowlitz Laxative. Bark used as a laxative. Flatheads Poison. Cascara tree Fruit is considered poisonous. Green River Laxative. Bark used as a laxative. . .. Karok Cathartic. Cascara sagrada Infusion of bark taken as a physic. Klallam Laxative. Bark used as a laxative. . . . . . . Klamath Emetic. Cascara Infusion of leaves, twigs, bark and berries taken as an emetic. Kwakiutl Gast-intestinal aid. Cascara Decoction of dried bark taken for biliousness. Kwakiutl Laxative. Cascara Decoction of dried bark taken as a laxative.

Genera

(27:14) (16:368) · . (75:667) · (77:25,78) · (77:25,78) (77:25) (77:25) (35:27) (35:27) (35:27) (92:58) (92:58) (92:58) (92:58) (92:58) (92:58) (92:58) (92:58) (92:58) (92:58) (92:58) (92:58) (92:58) (92:58) (92:58) (92:58) (34:40) . (3:21) (34:40) (58:385) (34:40) (70:131) (82:288) (82:288)

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399

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Rhamnus

Table 1: Genera -Rhamn'UIJ purshiana Rhamnaceae Lummi Laxative. Bark used as a laxative. Makah Laxative. Bark used as a laxative. Montana Ind. Emetic. Cascara tree Decoction of leaves, bark, and fruit used as an emetic. Montana Ind. Unspecified. Cascara tree Bark is a source of medicine. Quileute Laxative. Bark used as a laxative. Quinault Laxative. Bark used as a laxative. Sanpoil Cathartic. Chittam Decoction of bark used as a cathartic. . Shuswap Laxative. Cascara Decoction of bark taken as a laxative. Skagit Antidiarrheal. Decoction of inner bark taken for dysentery. Skagit Dermatological aid. Salve of bark ashes and grease rubbed on swellings. Skagit Laxative. Bark used as a laxative. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Squaxin Dermatological aid. Poultice of chewed bark applied or infusion of bark used as a wash for sores. . Squaxin Laxative. Bark used as a laxative. Swinomish Laxative. Bark used as a laxative. Thompson Ind Cathartic. Buckthorn, cascara Strong decoction of bark or wood used as a physic. . Thompson Ind Laxative. Buckthorn, cascara Mild decoction of bark or wood used as a laxative. . Rilamn'UIJ sp. Rhamnaceae Iroquois Emetic. Bark used as an emetic. No preparation or application indicated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhexia vi:rginica Melastomataceae Micmac Throat aid. Meadow beauty Leaves and stems used as a throat cleanser. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Montagnais Throat aid. Meadow beauty "Brew" made from leaves and stems used for cleaning the throat. . Rhododendron albiflorum Ericaceae Okanagan Dermatological aid. Rhododendron, mountain Poultice of powdered, burned wood and grease applied to swellings. Okanagan Gast-intestinal aid. Rhododendron, mountain Decoction of bark taken as a stomach remedy. ... Skokomish Cold remedy. Rhododendron Decoction of buds taken for colds and Bore throats. Skokomish Dermatological aid. Rhododendron Poultice of chewed buds applied to cuts. . . . . . . Skokomish Gast-intestinal aid. Rhododendron Chewed buds are eaten for an ulcerated stomach. Skokomish Throat aid. Rhododendron Decoction of buds taken for colds and sore throats. Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Rhododendron, mountain Poultice of powdered, burned wood and grease applied to swellings. Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Rhododendron, Rocky Mountain Wood ash mixed with grease used as a salve for swellings. . . . . . Thompson Ind Gast-intestinal aid. Rhododendron, mountain Decoction of bark taken as a stomach remedy. . . . . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Gast-intestinal aid. Rhododendron, Rocky Mountain Decoction of bark taken as a stomach remedy. . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhododendron calendulaceum Ericaceae Cherokee Antirheumatic - Ext. Azalea, flame Peeled and boiled twig rubbed on rheumatism; also, infusion taken by women. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Azalea, flame Peeled and boiled twig rubbed on rheumatism; also, infusion taken by women. Rhododendron macrophyllum Ericaceae Karok Ceremonial medicine. RHODODENDRON CALIFORNICUM Rose, California Plant used in the luck-getting ceremony of the sweathouse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

400

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Genera

(34:40) (34:40) (3:21) (3:21) (34:40) (34:40) (51:221) (47:65) (34:40) (34:40) (34:40) (34:40) (34:40) (34:40) (71:473) (71:473) (37:380) (15:60) (66:314) (48:40) (48:40) (34:43) (34:43) (34:43) (34:43) (48:40) (71:460) (48:40) (71:460) (35:24) (35:24) (58:387)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Rhododendron

Table 1: Genera - Rhododendron ma:cimum Ericaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Laurel, great Infusion of leaves put on scratches made over the location of the pain. Cherokee Analgesic. Rhododendron, great Compound used as liniment for pains; poultice of leaves used for headache. Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Rhododendron, great Compound decoction of leaf taken for rheumatism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Ceremonial medicine. Rhododendron "Throw clumps of leaves into a fire & dance around it to bring cold weather." . . Cherokee Heart medicine. Rhododendron, great Infusion of leaf taken for heart trouble. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Other. Laurel, great Rub decoction of leaves into scratches make on legs as preliminary treatment .. Rhus aromatica Anacardiaceae Cheyenne Burn dressing. RHUS TRILOBATA Skunkbush Plant used to protect the hands when removing dog meat from a boiling pot. Cheyenne Cold remedy. RHUS TRILOBATA Skunk bush Leaves used for head colds. . . . . . . . . . . . Cheyenne Diuretic. RHUS TRILOBATA Skunkbush Decoction of leaves taken as a diuretic. Cheyenne Hemostat. RHUS TRILOBATA Skunkbush Plant used for bleeding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cheyenne Reproductive aid. RHUS TRILOBATA Skunkbush "Old man took this medicine and bore a child (an aphrodisiac?)." Cheyenne Toothache remedy. RHUS TRILOBATA Skunkbush Fruit chewed for toothaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cheyenne Veterinary aid. RHUS TRILOBATA Skunkbush Fruit used for horses with urinary troubles and to prevent tiredness. Comanche Cold remedy. RHUS TRILOBATA Sumac, ill scented Bark chewed, and juice swallowed, to treat colds. Hopi Ceremonial medicine. RHUS TRILOBATA Twigs used for ceremonial purposes. . . . . . . . . Hopi Dermatological aid. RHUS TRILOBATA Sumac, squaw bush Buds used on the body as a medicinal deodorant or perfume. Hopi Tuberculosis remedy. RHUS TRILOBATA Sumac Compound containing root used for "consumption." Keresan Other. RHUS TRILOBATA Skunkbush Dried leaves mixed with native tobacco for smoking. Kiowa Gast-intestinal aid. RHUS TRILOBATA Sumac, ill scented Berries eaten for stomach troubles and grippe. . . . . . . .. Kiowa Mise disease remedy. RHUS TRILOBATA Sumac, ill scented Berries eaten for stomach troubles and grippe. . . . . . . . . . Mahuna Dietary aid. RHUS TRILOBATA Squaw weed, American Plant used as appetite restorative for inactive stomach which refuses food. Mahuna Gast-intestinal aid. RHUS TRILOBATA Squaw weed, American Plant used as appetite restorative for inactive stomach which refuses food. Natchez Dermatological aid. Poultice of root applied to boils. . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. RHUS TRILOBATA Plant used as a lotion for poison ivy dermatitis. . Navaho-Kayenta Gast-intestinal aid. RHUS TRILOBATA Plant used for bowel troubles. . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. RHUS TRILOBATA Squaw bush Leaves chewed to treat stomachache. . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. RHUS TRILOBATA Squaw bush Poultice of leaves for itch; decoction of fruits to prevent falling hair. Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. RHUS TRILOBATA Squaw bush Leaves chewed for stomachache. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. RHUS TRILOBATA Squaw bush Decoction of root bark used to facilitate delivery of placenta. . Navaho-Ramah Other. RHUS TRILOBATA Squaw bush Decoction of leaves taken to induce impotency, as a means of contraception. Ojibwa Ceremonial medicine. Bark and berries used in medicine ceremonies or for medicinal purposes. Ojibwa Unspecified. Bark and berries used in medicine ceremonies or for medicinal purposes. Paiute Dermatological aid. RHUS TRILOBATA Squawberry Dried, powdered fruits used as an astringent for smallpox sores. Round Valley Dermatological aid. RHUS TRILOBATA Sumac, wild Dried, powdered berries used for smallpox sores. . . . . . . . . .

Genera

(79:49) (35:52) (35:52) (35:52) (35:52) (79:49) (36:14) (36:14) (36:14) (36:14) (36:14) (36:14) (36:14) (10:524) (24:16) (88:84) · (88:35,84) . (87:563) (85:39) (85:39) (55:63) (55:63) (75:667) (91:31) (91:31) · (84:35,36) · (84:35,36) · (84:35,36) · (84:35,36) •. (84:35,36) (52:234) (52:234) (81:129) (16:365)

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401

Rhus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Rhus aromatica Anacardiaceae Round Valley Misc disease remedy. RHUS TRILOBATA Sumac, wild Dried, powdered berries used for smallpox sores. S Ojibwa Antidiarrheal. Sumac, white Compound decoction of root taken as a cure for diarrhea. Yokia Dermatological aid. RHUS TRILOBATA Sumac, wild Dried, powdered berries used for smallpox sores. Yokia Misc disease remedy. RHUS TRILOBATA Sumac, wild Dried, powdered berries used for smallpox sores. Rhus copallina Anacardiaceae Cherokee Antiemetic. Sumac, dwarf Red berries chewed to stop bedwetting; also, eaten to stop vomiting. Cherokee Burn dressing. Sumac, dwarf Infusion poured over sunburn blisters. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Sumac, dwarf Decoction of bark used as a wash for blisters. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Sumac, dwarf Infusion of bark taken "to make human milk flow abundantly." Cherokee Urinary aid. Sumac, dwarf Red berries chewed to stop bed wetting; also, eaten to stop vomiting. Creek Antidiarrheal. Sumac, black Decoction of root taken for dysentery. Creek Antidiarrheal. Sumac, dwarf Decoction of roots taken for dysentery. Delaware-Okl Ceremonial medicine. Sumac, dwarf Leaves and root used in "ceremonial tobacco mixture." Delaware-Okl Dermatological aid. Sumac, dwarf Poultice of roots or infusion of leaves used for sores and skin eruptions. Delaware-Okl Oral aid. Sumac, dwarf Berries used to make a mouthwash . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware-Okl Other. Sumac, dwarf Leaves and root used in ceremonial tobacco mixture. Delaware-Okl Venereal aid. Sumac, dwarf Infusion of root taken to treat venereal disease. Koasati Orthopedic aid. Sumac, dwarf Decoction of leaves used as a bath and given to babies to make them walk. Koasati Pediatric aid. Sumac, dwarf Decoction of leaves used as a bath and given to babies to make them walk. Ojibwa Ceremonial medicine. Sumac, dwarf Bark and berries used in medicine ceremonies or for medicinal purposes. Ojibwa Unspecified. Sumac, dwarf Bark and berries used in medicine ceremonies or for medicinal purposes. Rhus diversiloba Anacardiaceae Karok Other. Poison oak Leaf swallowed in the spring as a prophylactic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mahuna Other. Poison oak Infusion of dried roots taken as an immunity against any further poisoning. Mendocino Ind Dermatological aid. Poison oak Moxa of plant used for warts and ringworms. . . . . Wailaki Snake bite remedy. Poison oak Poultice of fresh leaves applied to rattlesnake bites. Yuki Dermatological aid. Poison oak Plant juice used on warts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhus glabra Anacardiaceae Cherokee Antiemetic. Sumac, smooth Red berries chewed to stop bedwetting; also, eaten to stop vomiting. Cherokee Burn dressing. Sumac, smooth Infusion poured over sunburn blisters. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Sumac, smooth Decoction of bark used as a wash for blisters. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Sumac, smooth Infusion of bark taken "to make human milk flow abundantly." Cherokee Urinary aid. Sumac, smooth Red berries chewed to stop bedwetting; also, eaten to stop vomiting. Chippewa Antidiarrheal. Sumac Decoction of "growth which sometimes appears on the tree" for dysentery. Chippewa Cold remedy. Sumac, smooth Infusion of roots taken for colds or as an emetic. Chippewa Emetic. Sumac, smooth Infusion of roots taken for colds or as an emetic.

402

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Genera

(16:365) (39:201) (16:365) (16:365) (35:57) (35:57) (79:36) (35:57) (35:57) (75:659) (79:36) · (77:26,78) · (77:26,78) · (77:26,78) (77:78) · (77:26,78) (79:36) (79:36) (52:234) (52:234) (58:385) (55:11) (16:364) (16:364) (18:46) (35:57) (35:57) (79:36) (35:57) (35:57) (21:344) (31:135) (31:135)

Rhus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera -Rhus glabra Anacardiaceae

Chippewa Oral aid. Sumac Compound decoction of blossoms used as mouthwash for teething children. Chippewa Oral aid. Sumac, smooth Blossoms chewed for sore mouth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chippewa Pediatric aid. Sumac Compound decoction of flower used as a mouthwash for teething child. Chippewa Respiratory aid. Sumac, smooth Infusion of plants taken for asthma . . Comanche Other. Sumac, smooth Leaves added to tobacco for smoking. Creek Analgesic. Sumac, smooth Leaves mixed with tobacco smoked for "all cephalic and pectoral complaints." Creek Antidiarrheal. Sumac, smooth Decoction of root taken for dysentery. Decoction of roots taken for dysentery. Creek Other. Sumac, smooth Leaves mixed with tobacco smoked for "all cephalic and pectoral complaints." Dakota Other. Sumac, smooth Red leaves dried and used for smoking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fox Dermatological aid. Sumac, smooth Root bark used as a rubefacient, to raise a blister on the patient. Fox Dietary aid. Sumac, smooth Decoction of root taken as an appetizer by invalids. Kiowa Other. Sumac, smooth upland Plant used to "purify" the body and mind. . .. Kiowa Tuberculosis remedy. Sumac, smooth upland Plant used for tuberculosis. . . . . . . Micmac Ear medicine. Sumac Parts of plant used to treat earaches. . . . . . . . Ojibwa Ceremonial medicine. Sumac, dwarf Bark and berries used in medicine ceremonies or for medicinal purposes. Ojibwa Dermatological aid. Sumac, smooth Inner bark of trunk or twig used in compounds as astringents. Ojibwa Eye medicine. Sumac, smooth Infusion of blossoms used as a wash for sore eyes. Ojibwa Hemostat. Sumac, smooth Infusion of root bark used as a "hemostatic." ... Ojibwa Unspecified. Sumac, dwarf Bark and berries used in medicine ceremonies or for medicinal purposes. Ojibwa Unspecified. Sumac, smooth Poultice of leaves used for unspecified conditions. Okanagan Oral aid. Sumac, smooth Root chewed for sore mouth or tongue. . . . . . . Omaha Analgesic. Sumac, smooth Decoction of root taken for painful urination and retention of urine. Omaha Antidote. Poultice of plants applied for poisoning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Omaha Dermatological aid. Sumac, smooth Poultice of leaves or fruits applied "in case of poisoning of the skin." Omaha Dermatological aid. Infusion as wash for sores; powdered plants applied to wounds and open sores. Omaha Diuretic. Sumac, smooth Decoction of root taken "in case of retention of urine." Omaha Gynecological aid. Sumac, smooth Decoction of root used as a post-partum styptic wash. Omaha Hemostat. Sumac, smooth Decoction of fruits used as a post-partum styptic wash. Omaha Other. Sumac, smooth Red leaves dried and used for smoking. . . . . . . . . . . Omaha Urinary aid. Sumac, smooth Decoction of root taken for painful urination and retention of urine. Pawnee Antidiarrheal. Sumac, smooth Decoction of fruit used as a remedy for "bloody flux." Pawnee Gynecological aid. Sumac, smooth Decoction of fruit used as a remedy for dysmenorrhea. Pawnee Other. Sumac, smooth Red leaves dried and used for smoking. Ponca Other. Sumac, smooth Red leaves dried and used for smoking.

Genera

(21:342) (31:135) (21:342) (31:135) (10:524) (75:659) (75:659) (79:36) (75:659) (30:99,100) (62:200) (62:200) (85:37) (85:37) (15:60) (52:234) (63:354) (63:354) (63:354) (52:234) (63:354) (48:41) (30:99,100) . . (28:335) (30:99,100) . . (28:334) (30:99,100) (30:99,100) (30:99,100) (30:99,100) (30:99,100) (30:99,100) (30:99,100) (30:99,100) (30:99,100)

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403

Rhus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Rhus glabra Anacardiaceae Sanpoil Dermatological aid. Sumac, smooth Mashed leaves rubbed on sore lips. Sanpoil Oral aid. Sumac, smooth Leaves chewed and held in the mouth to heal sore gums. Tewa Other. RHUS CISMONTANA Sumac Leaves smoked as tobacco. . . . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Oral aid. Sumac, smooth Fresh root chewed for sore mouth or tongue. Root chewed for sore mouth or tongue. Thompson Ind Poison. Sumac, smooth Decoction of plant considered poisonQus if too strong or taken in large dose. Thompson Ind Venereal aid. Sumac, smooth Decoction of stems and roots taken as a remedy for syphilis. Winnebago Other. Sumac, smooth Red leaves dried and used for smoking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhus ovata Anacardiaceae Coahuilla Analgesic. Sumac Infusion of leaves taken for coughs and chest pain. Coahuilla Cough medicine. Sumac Infusion of leaves taken for coughs and chest pain. Rhus mdicans Anacardiaceae Cherokee Emetic. Poison ivy Decoction given as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Delaware-Okl Dermatological aid. RHUS TOXICONDENDRON Poison ivy Poultice and salve containing root used on chronic sores and swollen glands. Houma Tonic. TOXICODENDRON RADICANS Poison ivy Decoction of leaves taken as a tonic and "rejuvenator." Kiowa Dermatological aid. Poison ivy Plant used for running or non-healing sores. . . . . . . Whole or broken leaves are rubbed over boils or skin eruptions. Navaho-Ramah Other. Poison ivy Leaf chewed and given to opponent to insure good luck in gambling. Navaho-Ramah Poison. Poison ivy Compound containing plant used to poison arrows. . . . . . . . . . . . Rhus sp. Anacardiaceae Iroquois Abortifacient. Sumac Decoction of roots taken for irregular menses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Analgesic. Sumac Warm poultice of bark applied to abdomen for pain when urinating. Iroquois Anthelmintic. Sumac Infusion of root given to children with worms that cause convulsions. Iroquois Anticonvulsive. Sumac Infusion of root given to children with worms that cause convulsions. Iroquois Carminative. Sumac Compound decoction of roots taken for coughs, phlegm and gas on the stomach. Iroquois Cathartic. Sumac Infusion of bark given to newborn babies as a physic. Iroquois Cold remedy. Sumac Berries used for colds. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Cough medicine. Sumac Oompound decoction of roots taken for coughs, phlegm and gas on the stomach. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Sumac Decoction of inner bark used for itching, bruises, bumps or black eyes. Decoction of roots applied as poultice to red swellings and wounds. Plant used for cuts and blisters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . Iroquois Dietary aid. Sumac Taken as an appetizer by a sick person. No preparation indicated. Iroquois Emetic. Sumac Decoction of berries taken as an emetic for sugar diabetes. Infusion of seed cluster taken to vomit for consumption. . Iroquois Expectorant. Sumac Oompound decoction of roots taken for coughs, phlegm and gas on the stomach. Iroquois Eye medicine. Sumac Oompound poultice of bark applied to bruises or black eyes. . . . . . . . . Iroquois Febrifuge. Sumac Oompound poultice applied for fever or lumps and swellings of the breast. Decoction of bark taken for mild fevers. . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Sumac Poultice of smashed bark applied for pains of the intestines.

404

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Genera

(51:219) (51:219) (54:47) (71:466) (48:41) (71:512) (71:466) (30:99,100) (2:78) (2:78) ..

(35:41)

. (77:27,78) (68:59) (85:38) (85:38) (84:35) (84:35) (37:370) (37:370) (37:370) (37:370) (37:370) (37:372) (37:373) · (37:370) (37:371) (37:372) (37:372) (37:372) · (37:373) · (37:370) · (37:370) · (37:372) · (37:371) · (37:371) · (37:371)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Rhus

Table 1: Genera -Rh'US sp. Anacardiaceae Iroquois Gynecological aid. Sumac Compound decoction of plants taken for a fallen womb. . . . . . . . . . . . Compound infusion of roots taken for evacuation of the placenta. Compound poultice applied for fever or lumps and swellings of the breast. Iroquois Hemorrhoid remedy. Sumac Compound decoction of bark taken for piles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Laxative. Sumac Infusion of bark taken as a laxative & given to children with throat rashes. Iroquois Liver aid. Sumac Decoction of inner bark taken for gall caused by diptheria. Iroquois Misc disease remedy. Sumac Compound infusion of berries and poultice of bark used for mumps. Decoction of bark or infusion of cones taken for scarlet fever. . . . . Decoction of berries taken as an emetic for sugar diabetes and measles. Decoction of inner bark taken for gall caused by diptheria. Infusion of bark taken to prevent smallpox. . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Oral aid. Sumac Infusion of cones used as a wash for chancres and sore throats. Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Sumac Poultice of bark applied to dislocated elbows or shoulders. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Sumac Compound infusion of berries given to children with measles. Infusion of bark given to newborn babies as a physic. Infusion of bark taken as a laxative & given to children with throat rashes. Infusion of root given to children with worms that cause convulsions. .. . Iroquois Pulmonary aid. Sumac Berries used for whooping cough. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Throat aid. Sumac Infusion of bark taken as a laxative & given to children with throat rashes. Infusion of cones or berries used as a wash for chancres and sore throats. Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Sumac Compound decoction or infusion of roots or berries taken for consumption. Iroquois Urinary aid. Sumac Compound decoction of bark taken for the retention of urine. Warm poultice of bark applied to abdomen for pain when urinating. Iroquois Venereal aid. Sumac Compound poultice of bark applied to lumps that remain after having syphilis. Iroquois Veterinary aid. Sumac Infusion of berries given to horses with bellyaches. Winnebago Antidiarrheal. Sumac Compound decoction of leaves taken as an antidiarrheal. Rh'US toxicodendron Anacardiaceae Cherokee Emetic. Poison ivy Decoction of bark taken as an emetic. Cherokee Emetic. Poison oak Decoction given as an emetic. Fox Dermatological aid. Poison ivy Poultice of pounded root applied to swelling "to make it open;" dangerous. Iroquois Oral aid. Poison ivy Poultice of plant applied to infectious sores on lips. . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Pediatric aid. Poison ivy Given to boys and girls that are nervous. No preparation indicated. Iroquois Sedative. Poison ivy Given to boys and girls that are nervous. No preparation indicated. Omaha Poison. TOXICODENDRON TOXICODENDRON Poison oak Plant known to be poisonous; no use specified. . . . . . . . Ponca Poison. TOXICODENDRON TOXICODENDRON Poison oak Plant known to be poisonous; no use specified. . . . . . . . Potawatomi Dermatological aid. Poison ivy Poultice of pounded root applied to swellings by skilled medicine men. Potawatomi Poison. Poison ivy Plant considered to be poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Rh'US typhina Anacardiaceae Cherokee Antiemetic. Sumac, staghorn Red berries chewed to stop bedwetting; also, eaten to stop vomiting. Cherokee Burn dressing. Sumac, staghorn Infusion poured over sunburn blisters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Gynecological aid. Sumac, staghorn Infusion of bark taken ''to make human milk How abundantly."

Genera

(37:370) (37:370) (37:371) (37:371) (37:370) (37:371) (37:372) (37:372) (37:373) (37:371) (37:370) (37:371) (37:372) (37:371) (37:372) (37:370) (37:370) · (37:373) (37:370) (37:371) (37:371) · (37:371) · (37:370) · (37:369) (37:370) (50:265) (79:37) (35:41) (62:201) (37:373) (37:373) · (37:373) (30:100) (30:100) (64:38) (64:38) (35:57) (35:57) (35:57)

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405

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Rhus

Table 1: Genera -Rhw typhina Anacardiaceae Cherokee Urinary aid. Sumac, staghorn Red berries' chewed to stop bedwetting; also, eaten to stop vomiting. Chippewa Analgesic. RHUS HIRTA Sumac, staghorn Decoction of flowers taken for stomach pain. . . . . . . . Chippewa Gast-intestinal aid. RHUS HIRTA Sumac, staghorn Decoction of flowers taken for stomach pain. . . . . . . . Delaware-Okl Venereal aid. Sumac, staghorn Compound containing root used as a remedy for venereal disease. Delaware-Ont Antidiarrheal. Sumac, staghorn Infusion of berries taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fox Anthelmintic. Sumac, staghorn Compound containing berries used as a remedy for pinworms. Menominee Cough medicine. RHUS HIRTA Sumac, staghorn Decoction of ''red top" sweetened, strained, & "boiled down" for cough remedy.. Menominee Dermatological aid. Sumac, staghorn Inner bark considered astringent; used as a valuable pile remedy. Menominee Gast-intestinal aid. Sumac, staghorn Infusion of root bark taken as a remedy for "inward troubles." Menominee Gynecological aid. Sumac, staghorn Hairy twigs of smaller shrubs used to treat various "female diseases." Menominee Hemorrhoid remedy. Sumac, staghorn Inner bark of trunk considered a valuable pile remedy; astringent. . . Menominee Pulmonary aid. Sumac, staghorn Compound containing berries taken for consumption and pulmonary troubles. Menominee Tuberculosis remedy. Sumac, staghorn Compound containing berries used for consumption and pulmonary troubles. Micmac Dietary aid. Sumac, staghorn Parts of plant used for sore throats; berries & roots for loss of appetite. Micmac Throat aid. Sumac, staghorn Parts of plant used for sore throats; berries & roots for loss of appetite. Mohegan Throat aid. Sumac, staghorn Berries used to make a gargle for sore throat. Natchez Dermatological aid. Sumac, staghorn Poultice of roots applied to boils. . . . . . . . Ojibwa Hemostat. Sumac, staghorn Root used as a medicine to stop a hemorrhage. Potawatomi Anthelmintic. Sumac, staghorn Compound containing berries used to expel worms. Potawatomi Hemostat. Sumac, staghorn Root bark used as a "hemostatic." . . . . . . . . . . Potawatomi Misc disease remedy. Sumac, staghorn Infusion of leaves used as gargle for sore throat, tonsilitis and erysipelas. Potawatomi Throat aid. Sumac, staghorn Infusion of leaves gargled for sore throat, tonsillitis, and erysipelas. Rappahannock Panacea. Sumac Decoction of stems, leaves or berries for complaint. . . . . . . . .. . Rhw vernia: Anacardiaceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Sumac, white Plant is poison. Used in some form as a wash for foul ulcers. . . . . . . . . Cherokee Febrifuge. Sumac, white Plant is poison. Taken in some form for asthma, phthisic, ague, and fever. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Sumac, white Plant is poison. Taken in some form for asthma, phthisic, ague, and fever. Cherokee Poison. Sumac, white Plant is poison. Taken in some form for clap & "gleet" or ulcerated bladder. Cherokee Respiratory aid. Sumac, white Plant is poison. Taken in some form for asthma, phthisic, ague, and fever. Cherokee Urinary aid. Sumac, white Plant is poison. Taken in some form for clap & "gleet" or ulcerated bladder. Cherokee Venereal aid. Sumac, white Plant is poison. Taken in some form for clap & "gleet" or ulcerated bladder. Chippewa Poison. Sumac, poison Plant is poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ribes americanum Saxifragaceae Fox Anthelmintic. RIBES FLORIDUM Currant, black Root bark used to expel intestinal worms. . . . . . . . . . .. Iroquois Antidote. Currant, wild black Compound infusion of branches taken as remedy for poison. Iroquois Antiemetic. Currant, wild black Compound infusion of roots and bark taken for pains in back or vomiting.

406

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Genera

(35:57) (21:344) (21:344) . (77:28,78) . (77:69,82) (62:201) (22:130) (61:22) (61:22) (61:22) (61:22) (61:22) (61:22) (15:60) (15:60) (78:75,132) (79:37) (63:354) (64:38) (64:38) (64:38) (64:38) (69:30) (35:57) (35:57) (35:57) (35:57) (35:57) (35:57) (35:57) (31:135) (62:246) (37:345) (37:346)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Ribes

Table 1: Genera - Ribes americanum Saxifragaceae Iroquois Dermatological aid. Currant, wild black Poultice of bark used for swellings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Kidney aid. Currant, wild black Compound infusion of roots and bark taken for kidney trouble. Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Currant, wild black Compound infusion of roots and bark taken for pains in back or vomiting. Iroquois Other. Currant, wild black Compound decoction of bark taken for fortune telling or divination. Decoction of leaves taken by women hurting inside from lifting. Ojibwa Unspecified. RIBES FLORIDUM Currant, black wild Root and bark used for medicinal purposes. . ........ . Omaha Kidney aid. Currant, wild black Strong decoction of root taken as remedy for kidney trouble. Winnebago Gynecological aid. Currant, wild black Root used by women for "uterine trouble." . . . . . . . . . . . Ribes bracteosum Saxifragaceae Bella Coola Venereal aid. Currant, blue Compound decoction of berry taken for gonorrhea. Compound decoction taken for gonorrhea. Sanpoil Cold remedy. Currant, skunk Infusion of stems given to children for colds. Sanpoil Pediatric aid. Currant, skunk Infusion of stems given to children for colds. Ribes cynosbati Saxifragaceae Fox Gynecological aid. Gooseberry, prickly Root used to cure uterine trouble caused by having too many children. Potawatomi Eye medicine. Gooseberry, prickly Infusion of root used to treat sore eyes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Potawatomi Gynecological aid. Gooseberry, prickly Root bark used by the Prairie Potawatomi as a uterine remedy. Ribes divaricatum Saxifragaceae Bella Coola Eye medicine. Gooseberry, common Simple/compound decoction of bark or root used as eyewash for soreness. Cowlitz Dermatological aid. Gooseberry, common Burned stems rubbed on sores on the neck. Klallam Eye medicine. Gooseberry, common Infusion of bark used as an eye wash. Makah Eye medicine. Gooseberry, common Infusion of bark used as an eye wash. Swinomish Throat aid. Gooseberry, common Infusion of roots taken for sore throats, tuberculosis and venereal disease. Swinomish Tuberculosis remedy. Gooseberry, common Infusion of roots taken for sore throats, tuberculosis and venereal disease. Swinomish Venereal aid. Gooseberry, common Infusion of roots taken for sore throats, tuberculosis and venereal disease. Ribes glandulosum Saxifragaceae Chippewa Analgesic. Currant, wild Compound decoction of root taken for back pain and "female weakness." Chippewa Gynecological aid. Currant, wild Compound decoction of root taken for back pain and "female weakness." Ribes grossularia Saxifragaceae Micmac Cathartic. Gooseberry vine Bark and roots used as a physic. Ribes hudsonianum Saxifragaceae Ojibwa Unspecified. Currant Root and bark used for medicinal purposes. . ......... . Thompson Ind Cold remedy. Currant, northern black Decoction of stems and leaves taken for colds and sore throats. Thompson Ind Gast-intestinal aid. Currant, northern black Decoction of stems and leaves taken for stomach troubles. Thompson Ind Pediatric aid. Currant, northern black Sprigs placed in baby's carrier to quiet child. Thompson Ind Sedative. Currant, northern black Sprigs placed in baby's carrier to quiet child. Thompson Ind Throat aid. Currant, northern black Decoction of stems and leaves taken for colds and sore throats. Ribes indecorum Saxifragaceae Luisenos Toothache remedy. Roots used for toothaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Genera

•

(37:345) (37:346) (37:346) (37:346) (37:346) (52:236) (30:84) (30:84) (60:57) (60:57) (51:218) (51:218) (62:246) (64:82) (64:82) (60:58) (34:32) (34:32) (34:32) (34:32) (34:32) (34:32) (21:356) (21:356) (15:61) (52:236) (71:471) (71:471) (71:509) (71:509) (71:471) (65:232)

407

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Ribes

Table 1: Genera -Ribes inebrians Saxifragaceae Navaho-Kayenta Ceremonial medicine. Plant used as an Evilway, Nightway and Mountain-top-way emetic. Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Poultice of plant applied to sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Emetic. Plant used as an Evilway, Nightway and Mountain-top-way emetic. Navaho-Kayenta Pediatric aid. Plant used to purify a child who has seen a forbidden sand painting. Ribes irriguum Saxifragaceae Thompson Ind Gast-intestinal aid. GROSSULARIA IRRIGUA Decoction of root taken as a tonic for the stomach. Thompson Ind Tonic. GROSSULARIA IRRIGUA Decoction of root taken as a tonic for the stomach. Ribeslacustre Saxifragaceae Bella Coola Dermatological aid. Gooseberry, swamp Leaves or bark chewed and cud tied on sores caused by the prickers of plant. Bella Coola Laxative. Gooseberry, swamp Decoction of root taken many times a day to cure constipation. Gitksan Unspecified. Gooseberry, swamp Decoction of bark used as a remedy for "some unspecified malady." Lummi Analgesic. Currant, swamp Decoction of twigs taken for general body aches. Shuswap Panacea. Currant, swamp Berries used for health and strength. . . . . . . Skagit Eye medicine. Currant, swamp Decoction of bark used as a wash for sore eyes. Skagit Gynecological aid. Currant, swamp Decoction of bark taken during childbirth. Swinomish Poison. Currant, swamp Thorns of the plant are poisonous. Thompson Ind Eye medicine. Currant, prickly Infusion of cambium layer used as a wash for sore eyes. Thompson Ind Gast-intestinal aid. Currant, prickly Decoction of wood taken as a tonic for the stomach. Thompson Ind Other. Currant, prickly Decoction of roots and scraped stems taken for "general indisposition." Thompson Ind Tonic. Currant, prickly Decoction of wood taken as a tonic for the stomach. . . . . . . . . . . . Ribes laxifiorum Saxifragaceae Bella Coola Eye medicine. Currant Simple/compound decoction of root used each day as eye wash to remove matter. Lummi Tonic. Currant, trailing Decoction of leaves and twigs taken as a general tonic. Skagit Cold remedy. Currant, trailing Decoction of bark taken as a cold medicine. Skokomish Tuberculosis remedy. Currant, trailing Decoction of bark and roots taken for tuberculosis. Ribes lobbii Saxifragaceae Kwakiutl Antidiarrheal. Gooseberry, sticky Roots used for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Gooseberry, sticky Poultice of roots and salt water applied to sores, blisters and carbuncles. Root ash and oil used as salve on boils. . . . . . . . . . . Kwakiutl Oral aid. Gooseberry, sticky Poultice of roots and salt water applied to mouth sores. Ribes malvaceum Saxifragaceae Luisenos Toothache remedy. Roots used for toothaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ribes odoratum Saxifragaceae Kiowa Snake bite remedy. Currant, buffalo Poultice of plant parts applied to snake bites. . . . . . . Paiute Dermatological aid. RIBES AUREUM Currant, golden Dried, pulverized inner bark sprinkled on sores. Paiute Orthopedic aid. RIBES AUREUM Currant, golden Decoction of inner bark taken for leg swellings. Shoshone Orthopedic aid. RIBES AUREUM Currant, golden Decoction of inner bark taken for leg swellings. Ribes oxyacanthoides Saxifragaceae Chippewa Analgesic. GROSSULARIA OXYACANTHOIDES Gooseberry Compound decoction of berries taken for back pain and "female weakness." ........

408

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Genera

(91:26) (91:26) (91:26) (91:26) (71:472) (71:472) (60:58) (60:58) (60:58) (34:32) (47:63) (34:32) (34:32) (34:32) (71:469) (71:469) (71:469) (71:469) (60:57) (34:32) (34:32) (34:32) (82:286) (82:286) (82:286) (82:286) (65:232) (85:29) (81:129) (81:129) (81:129) (21:356)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Ribes

Table 1: Genera - Ribes oxyacanthoides Saxifragaceae

Chippewa Gynecological aid. GROSSULARIA OXYACANTHOIDES Gooseberry Compound decoction of berry taken for back pain and "female weakness." Ojibwa Unspecified. Root and bark used for medicinal purposes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ribes pinetorum Saxifragaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Gooseberry, orange Leaves used as emetics in various ceremonies. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Gooseberry, orange Leaves used as a ceremonial emetic. Ribes rotundifolium Saxifragaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Gooseberry Infusion taken for measles; also, infusion of bark taken "to check bowels." Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Gooseberry Infusion taken for measles; also, infusion of bark taken "to check bowels." Cherokee Other. Gooseberry Infusion of leaf taken for nerves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Other. Gooseberry, Eastern wild Compound decoction of bark taken for fortune telling or divination. Ribes sp. Saxifragaceae Chippewa Diuretic. Currant, wild Compound decoction of leaves and stalk taken as a diuretic. Kwakiutl Antidiarrheal. Gooseberry Compound decoction of berries taken for diarrhea. Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Gooseberry Juice used as wash for open wounds. . . . . . . . . Poultice of rubbed root applied to heal open running sores. Root "rubbed on sores or around the mouths of children." Kwakiutl Oral aid. Gooseberry Root "rubbed on sores or around the mouths of children." Kwakiutl Pediatric aid. Gooseberry Root "rubbed on sores or around the mouths of children." N Carrier Dermatological aid. Gooseberry Compound decoction of inner bark taken for paralysis and for body sores. N Carrier Orthopedic aid. Gooseberry Compound decoction of inner bark taken for paralysis and for body sores. N Carrier Stimulant. Gooseberry Compound decoction of inner bark taken for constitutional weakness. Ojibwa Unspecified. RIBES RUBRUM Currant, red Root and bark used for medicinal purposes. . ............. . Ribes triste Saxifragaceae Chippewa Abortifacient. Currant, red Compound decoction of stalk taken for "stoppage of periods." Chippewa Urinary aid. Currant, red Decoction of root and stalk taken for "gravel." Ojibwa Gynecological aid. Currant, wild red Leaves used as some sort of female remedy. .. Ricinus communis Euphorbiaceae Cherokee Cathartic. Castor oil beans Poultice of beans used for boils, and infusion of beans used as purgative. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Castor oil beans Poultice of beans used for boils, and infusion of beans used as purgative. Navaho Contraceptive. Castor bean Plant used by women to become sterile. Pima Analgesic. Castor bean Beans eaten for constipation and headaches. Pima Cathartic. Castor bean Beans eaten as a purge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pima Laxative. Castor bean Beans eaten for constipation and headaches. Pima Poison. Castor bean Plant is poisonous. Robinia hispida Fabaceae Cherokee Emetic. Locust Bark of root chewed as an emetic; also, infusion given to cows as "tonic." Cherokee Toothache remedy. Locust Beaten root held on tooth for toothache. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Veterinary aid. Locust Bark of root chewed as an emetic; also, infusion given to cows as "tonic."

Genera

(21:356) (52:236) (84:30) (84:30) (35:36) (35:36) (35:36) (37:345) (21:348) (82:264) (4:382) (4:382) (4:382) (4:382) (4:382) (60:58) (60:58) (60:58) (52:236) (21:358) (21:348) (63:389) (35:24) (35:24) (23:60) (17:100) (17:100) (17:100) (17:100) (35:43) (35:43) (35:43)

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409

Robinia

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Robinia pseudo-acacia Fabaceae Cherokee Emetic. Locust Bark of root chewed as an emetic; also, infusion given to cows as "tonic." (35:43) Cherokee Toothache remedy. Locust Beaten root held on tooth for toothache. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (35:43) Cherokee Veterinary aid. Locust Bark of root chewed as an emetic; also, infusion given to cows as "tonic." (35:43) Menominee Adjuvant. ROBINIA PSEUDACACIA Locust, black Trunk bark used as a seasoner to give flavor to medicines. . . . . . . . . . . (61:40) Robinia sp. Fabaceae Chickasaw Analgesic. Locust, black Roots used for headaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (79:33) Rorippa islandica Brassicaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. RORIPPA HISPIDA Cress Plant used in ceremonial eyewash. (84:29) Navaho-Ramah Eye medicine. RORIPPA HISPIDA Cress Plant used in ceremonial eyewash. (84:29) Rorippa sinuata Brassicaceae Zuni Eye medicine. Cress, yellow (72:59) Infusion of plant as a wash and smoke from blossoms used for inflamed eyes. Rorippa sp. Brassicaceae Navaho Gynecological aid. RADICULA ALPINA Water cress, alpine (23:49) Infusion of plants taken as a tonic after deliverance. Rorippa sylvestris Brassicaceae Iroquois Febrifuge. Cress, yellow (37:342) Decoction of plant taken by mother for fever in baby . Iroquois Pediatric aid. Cress, yellow Decoction of plant taken by mother for fever in baby . (37:342) Rosa acicularis Rosaceae Iroquois Eye medicine. Compound infusion of rose leaves and bark used as drops for blindness. (37:358) Iroquois Gynecological aid. Cold compound infusion of twig bark taken for difficult births. (37:359) Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Compound decoction of plants and doll used for black magic. (37:358) Rosa arkansana Rosaceae Chippewa Anticonvulsive. Rose Compound infusion or decoction of root taken as a cure for "fits." · (19:63,64) Chippewa Anticonvulsive. Rose, wild Compound decoction of root taken for convulsions. . . . . . . . . . · . (21:336) Chippewa Hemostat. Rose Compound infusion or decoction of root used on wounds to stop bleeding. · (19:63,64) Chippewa Hemostat. Rose, wild · . (21:336) Compound decoction of root used on wounds to stop bleeding. . . . . . . . Chippewa Stimulant. Rose Compound infusion or decoction of root taken or used externally as stimulant. · (19:63,64) Chippewa Stimulant. Rose, wild (21:364) Compound decoction of root taken as a stimulant. Chippewa Tonic. Rose, wild (21:364) Compound decoction of root taken as a tonic. Dakota Other. ROSA PRATINCOLA Rose, wild (30:85) Inner bark used for smoking, either alone or mixed with tobacco. Omaha Eye medicine. ROSA PRATINCOLA Rose, wild (30:85) Infusion of fruit used as wash for inflamed eyes. Omaha Eye medicine. (28:336) Roots used for eye troubles. . . . . . . . . . . . . Omaha Other. ROSA PRATINCOLA Rose, wild (30:85) Inner bark used for smoking, either alone or mixed with tobacco. Pawnee Burn dressing. ROSA PRATINCOLA Rose, wild Poultice of charred, crushed hypertrophied stem growths applied to burns. (30:85) Pawnee Other. ROSA PRATINCOLA Rose, wild Inner bark used for smoking, either alone or mixed with tobacco. (30:85) Ponca Other. ROSA PRATINCOLA Rose, wild Inner bark used for smoking, either alone or mixed with tobacco. (30:85) Rosa blanda Rosaceae Fox Dermatological aid. Rose, smooth (62:242,243) Decoction of fruit used to treat itching piles or any other itch. . . . . . . Fox Gast-intestinal aid. Rose, smooth Rose hip skin used to treat stomach troubles; decoction of fruit for piles. (62:242,243) Fox Hemorrhoid remedy. Rose, smooth Decoction of fruit used to treat itching piles or any other itch. . . . . . . (62:242,243)

410

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Genera

Rosa

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Rosa blanda Rosaceae

Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. Rose, smooth Dried, powdered flowers used to relieve heartburn. . . . . . . Skin of the rose hip used for stomach trouble and indigestion. Potawatomi Analgesic. Rose, smooth Infusion of root taken for headache or lumbago. Potawatomi Orthopedic aid. Rose, smooth Infusion of root taken for headache or lumbago. Potawatomi Unspecified. Rose, smooth Skin of rose hips used as medicine by the Prairie Potawatomi. S Ojibwa Eye medicine. Rose, early wild Infusion of root used as a wash for inflamed eyes. . . . . . . . Rosa califomica Rosaceae Costanoan Antirheumatic - Int. Decoction of fruit "hips" used for indigestion, fevers, colds and rheumatism. Costanoan Cold remedy. Decoction of fruit "hips" used for indigestion, fevers, colds and rheumatism. Costanoan Dermatological aid. Decoction of fruit "hips" used as a wash for scabs and sores. . . . . . . . . . Costanoan Febrifuge. Decoction of fruit "hips" used for indigestion, fevers, colds and rheumatism. Costanoan Gast-intestinal aid. Decoction of fruit "hips" used for indigestion, fevers, colds and rheumatism. Costanoan Kidney aid. Decoction of fruit "hips" used for sore throats and kidney ailments. Costanoan Throat aid. Decoction of fruit "hips" used for sore throats and kidney ailments. Mahuna Analgesic. Rose, California wild Infusion of seeds taken for stomach fevers and painful congestion. Mahuna Febrifuge. Rose, California wild Infusion of seeds taken for stomach fevers and painful congestion. Mahuna Gast-intestinal aid. Rose, California wild Infusion of seeds taken for stomach fevers and painful congestion. Rosa eglameria Rosaceae Iroquois Urinary aid. ROSA RUBIGINOSA Briar, sweet Compound decoction of plants taken for difficult urination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rosa fendleri Rosaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Rose Leaves used as ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Rose Leaves used as ceremonial emetic. Rosa gallica Rosaceae Mahuna Febrifuge. Rose Plant used for high fevers and chills. Rosa gymnocarpa Rosaceae Thompson Ind Eye medicine. Rose, bald hip Decoction of bark used as a wash for sore eyes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Hunting medicine. Decoction of plant poured onto hunting equipment which has "lost its luck." Thompson Ind Other. Rose, bald hip Decoction of stems taken for "general indisposition" and as a tonic. Dried, toasted, powdered leaves and bark occasionally used for smoking. Thompson Ind Tonic. Rose, bald hip Decoction of stems taken for "general indisposition" and as a tonic. Rosa nutkana Rosaceae Chehalis Analgesic. Rose, wild Decoction of bark taken by women in childbirth to ease labor pains. Chehalis Gynecological aid. Rose, wild Decoction of bark taken by women in childbirth to ease labor pains. Cowlitz Pediatric aid. Rose, wild Decoction of leaves used as a wash to strengthen babies. Cowlitz Strengthener. Rose, wild Decoction of leaves used as a wash to strengthen babies. Quileute Dermatological aid. Rose, wild Poultice of haw ashes applied to "swellings." . . . . . . . Quinault Dermatological aid. Rose, wild Poultice of twig ashes and skunk oil applied to syphilitic sores. Quinault Venereal aid. Rose, wild Poultice of twig ashes and skunk oil applied to syphilitic sores. Skagit Eye medicine. Rose, wild Infusion of roots used as an eye wash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Genera

•

(63:385) (63:385) (64:78) (64:78) (64:78) (39:200) (5:18) (5:18) (5:18) (5:18) (5:18) (5:18) (5:18) (55:8) (55:8) (55:8) (37:358) (84:31) (84:31) (55:26) (71:466) (71:507) (71:466) (71:495) (71:466) (34:34) (34:34) (34:34) (34:34) (34:34) (34:34) (34:34) (34:34)

411

Rosa

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Rosa nutkana Rosaceae Skagit Throat aid. Rose, wild Decoction of roots taken for sore throats. Rosa palustris Rosaceae Cherokee Anthelmintic. Rose, wild Decoction of roots taken for dysentery; infusion of bark & root for worms. Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Rose, wild Decoction of roots taken for dysentery; infusion of bark & root for worms. Rosa pisocarpa Rosaceae Snohomish Throat aid. Rose Decoction of roots taken for sore throats. Squaxin Gynecological aid. Rose Infusion of bark taken after childbirth. Rosa sp. Rosaceae Bella Coola Analgesic. Rose, wild Decoction of roots and branches taken as a purgative for stomach pain. Bella Coola Cathartic. Rose, wild Decoction of roots and branches taken as a purgative for stomach pain. Bella Coola Gast-intestinal aid. Rose, wild Decoction of roots and branches taken as a purgative for stomach pain. Blackfeet Antidiarrheal. ROSA SAYI Tomato flower Drink made from root given to children for diarrhea. Blackfeet Pediatric aid. ROSA SAYI Tomato flower Drink made from root given to children for diarrhea. Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Rose, wild Decoction of roots taken for dysentery. . . . . . . . . . Cheyenne Antidiarrheal. Rose, wild Infusion of inner bark used for diarrhea and stomach troubles. Cheyenne Gast-intestinal aid. Rose, wild Infusion of inner bark used for diarrhea and stomach troubles. Cheyenne Other. Rose, wild Flowers and roots used as an ingredient for medicines. Chippewa Eye medicine. Rose Infusion of root bark used as a wash to reduce inflammation from cataracts. Menominee Gast-intestinal aid. ROSA HUMILIS Rose, pasture Skin of fruit eaten to cure stomach troubles. . . . . . . . N Carrier Dermatological aid. Rose, wild Compound decoction of inner bark taken for body sores. N Carrier Orthopedic aid. Rose, wild Compound decoction of inner bark taken for weakness or paralysis. N Carrier Stimulant. Rose, wild Compound decoction of inner pulp taken for constitutional weakness. Sikani Eye medicine. Rose, wild Infusion of crushed roots used as an eye wash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rosa virginiana Rosaceae Cherokee Anthelmintic. Decoction of roots used as a bath and given to children with worms. Cherokee Pediatric aid. Decoction of roots used as a bath and given to children with worms. Ojibwa Dermatological aid. ROSA LUCIDA Rose Infusion of roots taken and used as a wash for bleeding foot cuts. Ojibwa Hemostat. ROSA LUCIDA Rose Infusion of roots taken and used as a wash for bleeding foot cuts. Ojibwa Unspecified. ROSA LUCIDA Rose Root and bark used for medicinal purposes. S Ojibwa Eye medicine. ROSA LUCIDA Rose, dwarf wild Infusion of root used as a wash for sore eyes. Rosa woodsii Rosaceae Paiute Antidiarrheal. Rose, wild Decoction of root taken to stop diarrhea in adults and children. Paiute Burn dressing. Rose, wild Poultice of various plant parts applied to burns. Paiute Cold remedy. Rose, wild Decoction of root or inner bark taken for colds. Paiute Dermatological aid. Rose, wild Poultice of mashed fungus galls applied to opened boils. Poultice of various plant parts applied to sores, cuts, swellings, & wounds. Paiute Misc disease remedy. Rose, wild Decoction of roots given to children for intestinal influenza. Paiute Pediatric aid. Rose, wild Decoction of roots given to children for intestinal influenza.

412

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Genera

(34:34) (35:53) (35:53) (34:34) (34:34) (60:59) (60:59) (60:59) (45:275) (45:275) (90:74) (36:36) (36:36) (36:36) (21:360) (61:50) (60:59) (60:59) (60:59) (60:59) (79:29) (79:29) (52:231) (52:231) (52:236) (39:201) (81:129-131) (81:129-131) (81:129-131) (81:129-131) (81:129-131) (81:129-131) (81:129-131)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Rosa

Table 1: Genera - Rosa woodsii Rosaceae Paiute Tonic. Rose, wild Infusion of leaves taken as a spring tonic. Shoshone Antidiarrheal. Rose, wild Decoction of root taken to stop diarrhea. Shoshone Blood medicine. Rose, wild Compound decoction of roots taken as a blood tonic and for general debility. Shoshone Burn dressing. Rose, wild Poultice of various plant parts applied to burns. Shoshone Cold remedy. Rose, wild Decoction of root or inner bark taken for colds. Shoshone Dermatological aid. Rose, wild Poultice of various plant parts applied to sores, cuts, swellings, & wounds. Shoshone Diuretic. Rose, wild Decoction of root taken for ''failure of urination." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Tonic. Rose, wild Compound decoction of roots taken as a blood tonic and for general debility. Washoe Cold remedy. Rose, wild Decoction of root or inner bark taken for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rubus acaulis Rosaceae Shuswap Antidiarrheal. Raspberry Leaves used for diarrhea. Rubus allegheniensis Rosaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Blackberry Infusion of root or leaf for diarrhea; compound infusion of root for piles. Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Blackberry Infusion given for rheumatism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Dermatological aid. Blackberry Astringent and tonic; compound infusion of root used as a wash for piles. Cherokee Hemorrhoid remedy. Blackberry Infusion of root or leaf for diarrhea; compound infusion of root for piles. . Cherokee Oral aid. Blackberry With honey as a wash for sore throat; washed root chewed for coated tongue. Cherokee Stimulant. Blackberry Used as a tonic, a stimulant, and for venereal disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Throat aid. Blackberry With honey as a wash for sore throat; washed root chewed for coated tongue. Cherokee Tonic. Blackberry Used as a tonic, a stimulant, and for venereal disease. Cherokee Urinary aid. Blackberry Compound decoction taken to regulate urination. Cherokee Urinary aid. Infusion of bark taken for urinary troubles. . ... Cherokee Venereal aid. Blackberry Used as a tonic, a stimulant, and for venereal disease. Chippewa Antidiarrheal. Blackberry, wild Infusion of roots taken for diarrhea. ......... . Chippewa Gynecological aid. Blackberry, wild Infusion of roots taken by pregnant women threatened with miscarriage. Delaware-Okl Antidiarrheal. RUBUS NIGROBACCUS Blackberry Compound containing vine and wild cherry bark used to cure dysentery. Fox Antidote. Blackberry, highbush Decoction of root used as an antidote for poison. . . . . . . . . . . . Fox Eye medicine. Blackberry, highbush Root extract used to treat sore eyes; also, used for stomach trouble. Fox Gast-intestinal aid. Blackberry, highbush Root extract used to treat stomach trouble; also, used to treat sore eyes. Iroquois Analgesic. Blackberry, long Compound of plant used as a snuff for headaches and catarrh. Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Blackberry, long Plant used for diarrhea. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Blood medicine. Blackberry, long Compound decoction of roots taken as blood remedy by all ages. Iroquois Cold remedy. Blackberry, long Compound decoction of roots taken for coughs, colds, or tuberculosis. Iroquois Cough medicine. Blackberry, long Compound decoction of roots taken for coughs, colds, or tuberculosis. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Blackberry, long Poultice of smashed roots applied to baby's sore navel after birth. ... Iroquois Misc disease remedy. Blackberry, long Root used for "summer complaint." No preparation or application indicated.

Genera

(81:129-131) (81:129-131) (81:129-131) (81:129-131) (81:129-131) (81:129-131) (81:129-131) (81:129-131) (81:129-131) (47:67) (35:26) (35:26) . (35:25,26) (35:26) (35:26) (35:26) (35:26) (35:26) (35:26) (79:29) (35:26) (31:133) (31:133) . (77:28,78) (62:243) (62:243) (62:243) (37:357) (37:356) (37:356) (37:357) (37:357) (37:357) (37:357)

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413

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Rubus

Table 1: Genera - Rubus allegheniensis Rosaceae Iroquois Pediatric aid. Blackberry, long Poultice of smashed roots applied to baby's sore navel after birth. Iroquois Respiratory aid. Blackberry, long Compound of plant used as a snuff for headaches and catarrh. Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Blackberry, long Compound decoction of roots taken for tuberculosis. . . . . . . Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Blackberry, long Infusion of roots used to make dogs good hunters & to ensure them from theft. Menominee Eye medicine. Blackberry Infusion of root used as a wash to cure sore eyes. Menominee Unspecified. Blackberry Poultice of infusion of root used for unspecified ailments. Ojibwa Antidiarrheal. Blackberry, high bush Infusion of root used to "arrest flux." Ojibwa Diuretic. Blackberry, high bush Decoction of canes taken as a diuretic. Potawatomi Eye medicine. Blackberry Root bark used by the Prairie Potawatomi to treat sore eyes. Rubus argutus Rosaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Blackberry Infusion of root or leaf for diarrhea; compound infusion of root for piles. Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Blackberry Infusion given for rheumatism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Dermatological aid. Blackberry Astringent and tonic; compound infusion of root used as a wash for piles. Cherokee Hemorrhoid remedy. Blackberry Infusion of root or leaf for diarrhea; compound infusion of root for piles. . Cherokee Oral aid. Blackberry With honey as a wash for sore throat; washed root chewed for coated tongue. Cherokee Stimulant. Blackberry Used as a tonic, a stimulant, and for venereal disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Throat aid. Blackberry With honey as a wash for sore throat; washed root chewed for coated tongue. Cherokee Tonic. Blackberry Used as a tonic, a stimulant, and for venereal disease. Cherokee Urinary aid. Blackberry Compound decoction taken to regulate urination. Cherokee Venereal aid. Blackberry Used as a tonic, a stimulant, and for venereal disease. Rubus canadensis Rosaceae Delaware-Okl Antidiarrheal. Thimbleberry Vine and berries used to treat dysentery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Menominee Antidiarrheal. Blackberry, thornless Simple or compound decoction of root used to treat dysentery. Rubus chamaemorus Rosaceae Micmac Cough medicine. Raspberry, mountain Roots used to treat consumption, cough, and fever. Micmac Febrifuge. Raspberry, mountain Roots used to treat consumption, cough, and fever. Micmac Tuberculosis remedy. Raspberry, mountain Roots used to treat consumption, cough, and fever. Rubus flagellaris Rosaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Dewberry Infusion of root or leaf for diarrhea; compound infusion of root for piles. Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Dewberry Infusion given for rheumatism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Dermatological aid. Dewberry Astringent and tonic; compound infusion of root used as a wash for piles. Cherokee Hemorrhoid remedy. Dewberry Infusion of root or leaf for diarrhea; compound infusion of root for piles. . Cherokee Oral aid. Dewberry With honey as a wash for sore throat; washed root. chewed for coated tongue. Cherokee Stimulant. Dewberry Used as a tonic, a stimulant, and for venereal disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Throat aid. Dewberry With honey as a wash for sore throat; washed root chewed for coated tongue. Cherokee Tonic. Dewberry Used as a tonic, a stimulant, and for venereal disease. Cherokee Urinary aid. Dewberry Compound decoction taken to regulate urination.

414

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Genera

(37:357) (37:357) (37:356) (37:356) (61:50) (61:50) (63:385,386) (63:385,386) (64:79) (35:26) (35:26) . (35:25,26) (35:26) (35:26) (35:26) (35:26) (35:26) (35:26) (35:26) (77:78) (22:131) (15:61) (15:61) (15:61) (35:26) (35:26) . (35:25,26) (35:26) (35:26) (35:26) (35:26) (35:26) (35:26)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Rubus

Table 1: Genera - Rubus flagellam Rosaceae Cherokee Venereal aid. Dewberry Used as a tonic, a stimulant, and for venereal disease. Mahuna Antidiarrheal. RUBUS VILLOSUS Blackberry, wild Infusion of roots taken for diarrhea. ......... . Rubus frondosus Rosaceae Chippewa Abortifacient. Blackberry Decoction of root taken for "stoppage of periods." Chippewa Pulmonary aid. Blackberry . Compound decoction of root taken for lung trouble. Rubus hispidus Rosaceae Micmac Cough medicine. Blackberry Roots used to treat consumption, cough, and fever. Micmac Febrifuge. Blackberry Roots used to treat consumption, cough, and fever. Micmac Tuberculosis remedy. Blackberry Roots used to treat consumption, cough, and fever. Mohegan Anthelmintic. Blackberry Infusion of berries taken as a vermifuge. Mohegan Antidiarrheal. Blackberry Juice of berries taken to cure dysentery. Juice of plant is taken for dysentery. Rappahannock Antidiarrheal. Blackberry root Infusion taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . Rappahannock Antidiarrheal. Dewberry Fermented decoction of berries or roots taken for dysentery. Rappahannock Dermatological aid. Dewberry Infusion of leaves taken for boils. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rappahannock Tonic. Dewberry Fermented decoction of berries taken for dysentery and as a tonic. Shinnecock Antidiarrheal. Blackberry root Infusion taken for diarrhea; also, fruit used to check dysentery. Rubus idaeus Rosaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Raspberry Strong infusion of red raspberry leaves for pains at childbirth. . . . . . . . . Cherokee Antirheumatic - Ext. Raspberry Thorny branch used to scratch rheumatism; also, roots used for toothache. Cherokee Cathartic. Raspberry Infusion taken as tonic for boils; also, taken as an emetic and a purgative. Cherokee Cathartic. Infusion of roots taken as an emetic and cathartic by women during menses. Cherokee Cough medicine. Raspberry Root chewed for cough; also, decoction taken for bowel complaint. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Raspberry Infusion taken as tonic for boils; also, taken as an emetic and a purgative. Leaves highly astringent; decoction taken for bowel complaint. . . . . . . . Used as wash for old & foul sores; also, infusion taken as tonic for boils. . Cherokee Emetic. Raspberry Infusion taken as tonic for boils; also, taken as an emetic and a purgative. Cherokee Emetic. Infusion of roots taken as an emetic and cathartic by women during menses. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Raspberry Root chewed for cough; also, decoction taken for bowel complaint. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Raspberry Strong infusion for pains at childbirth; decoction for menstrual period. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Infusion of roots taken as an emetic and cathartic by women during menses. Cherokee Tonic. Raspberry Infusion taken as tonic for boils; also, taken as an emetic and a purgative. Cherokee Toothache remedy. Raspberry Thorny branch used to scratch rheumatism; also, roots used for toothache. Chippewa Antidiarrheal. RUBUS STRIGOSUS Raspberry, red Decoction of root taken for dysentery. . . . . . . . . . . . Chippewa Eye medicine. RUBUS STRIGOSUS Raspberry, red Infusion of root bark used as a wash to heal cataracts. . . . ... Chippewa Misc disease remedy. RUBUS STRIGOSUS Raspberry, wild red Decoction of roots or stems taken for measles. . . . . . . . . . . . Fox Adjuvant. RUBUS IDAEUS-ACULEATISSIMUS Raspberry, wild red Root a seasoner in medicines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Analgesic. Raspberry, red Decoction of leaves taken for "burning and pain when passing water."

Genera

(35:26) . (55:7) (21:358) (21:340) (15:61) (15:61) (15:61) (76:265) (78:75,132) (76:269) (11:119) (69:32) (69:32) (69:32) (11:119) (35:52) (35:52) (35:52) (79:30) (35:52) (35:52) (35:52) (35:52) (35:52) (79:30) (35:52) (35:52) (79:30) (35:52) (35:52) (21:344) (21:360) (31:132) (62:243) (37:355)

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415

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Rubus

Table 1: Genera -Rubus idaeus Rosaceae Iroquois Blood medicine. Raspberry, red Compound used when the "blood is bad and sores break out on the neck." (37:355) (37:355) Decoction of roots taken as blood purifier & for low or high blood pressure. Iroquois Cathartic. Raspberry, red (37:355) Decoction of leaves taken for bile and as an emetic and physic. . . . . . . . . Iroquois Dermatological aid. Raspberry, red (37:355) Compound used for boils and laziness. No preparation or application given. (37:355) Compound used when the "blood is bad and sores break out on the neck." Iroquois Emetic. Raspberry, red (37:355) Decoction of leaves taken for bile and as an emetic and physic. . . . . . . . Iroquois Gynecological aid. Raspberry, red (37:355) Compound decoction taken by "ladies who are run down from period sickness." Iroquois Hypotensive. Raspberry, red (37:355) Decoction of roots taken as blood purifier & for low or high blood pressure. Iroquois Kidney aid. Raspberry, red (37:355) Decoction of leaves taken for the kidneys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Liver aid. Raspberry, red (37:355) Decoction of leaves taken for bile and as an emetic and physic. Iroquois Stimulant. Raspberry, red (37:355) Compound decoction taken by "ladies who are run down from period sickness." (37:355) Compound used for boils and laziness. No preparation or application given. Iroquois Tonic. Raspberry, red (37:355) Plant used as a tonic. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Urinary aid. Raspberry, red (37:355) Decoction of leaves taken for "burning and pain when passing water." Iroquois Venereal aid. Raspberry, red (37:355) Compound decoction of roots taken for gonorrhea. Menominee Adjuvant. Raspberry, red (61:50) Root used as a seasoner for medicines. . Ojibwa Adjuvant. Raspberry, red (63:386) Berries used as a seasoner for medicines. Ojibwa Eye medicine. Raspberry, red (63:386) Infusion of root bark used to heal sore eyes. Omaha Gast-intestinal aid. RUBUS STRIGOSUS Raspberry, wild . (30:84,85) Decoction of scraped root given to children for bowel trouble. Omaha Pediatric aid. RUBUS STRIGOSUS Raspberry, wild . (30:84,85) Decoction of scraped root given to children as a remedy for bowel trouble. Potawatomi Eye medicine. Raspberry, red (64:79) Infusion of root used as an eye wash. . . . . . . . . . . . . S Ojibwa Analgesic. RUBUS STRIGOSUS Raspberry, wild red (39:199) Decoction of crushed root taken for stomach pain. S Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. RUBUS STRIGOSUS Raspberry, wild red (39:199) Decoction of crushed root taken for stomach pain. . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Antihemorrhagic. RUBUS STRIGOSUS Raspberry (71:466) Decoction of leaves taken as a remedy for spitting or vomiting blood. Thompson Ind Gast-intestinal aid. RUBUS STRIGOSUS Raspberry (71:466) Decoction of root taken as a tonic for the stomach. Thompson Ind Tonic. RUBUS STRIGOSUS Raspberry (71:466) Decoction of root taken as a tonic for the stomach. Rubus leucodermis Rosaceae Shoshone Dermatological aid. Raspberry, whitebark Poultice of powdered stems applied to wounds and cuts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (81:131) Rubus macropetalus Rosaceae Skagit Gast-intestinal aid. Blackberry Infusion of leaves taken for stomach troubles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (34:35) Rubus occidentalis Rosaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Raspberry, black Strong infusion of red raspberry leaves for pains at childbirth. . . . . . . . . (35:52) Cherokee Antirheumatic - Ext. Raspberry, black (35:52) Thorny branch used to scratch rheumatism; also, roots used for toothache. Cherokee Cathartic. Raspberry, black (79:30) Infusion of roots taken as an emetic and cathartic by women during menses. Infusion taken as tonic for boils; also, taken as an emetic and a purgative. (35:52) Cherokee Cough medicine. Raspberry, black (35:52) Root chewed for cough; also, decoction taken for bowel complaint. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Raspberry, black (35:52) Infusion taken as tonic for boils; also, taken as an emetic and a purgative. Leaves highly astringent; decoction taken for bowel complaint. . . . . . . (35:52) (35:52) Used as wash for old & foul sores; also, infusion taken as tonic for boils. .

416

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Genera

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Rubus

Table 1: Genera - Rubus occidentalis Rosaceae Cherokee Emetic. Raspberry, black Infusion of roots taken as an emetic and cathartic by women during menses. Infusion taken as tonic for boils; also, taken as an emetic and a purgative: Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Raspberry, black Root chewed for cough; also, decoction taken for bowel complaint. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Raspberry, black Infusion of roots taken as an emetic and cathartic by women during menses. Strong infusion for pains at childbirth; decoction for menstrual period. . . Cherokee Tonic. Raspberry, black Infusion taken as tonic for boils; also, taken as an emetic and a purgative. Cherokee Toothache remedy. Raspberry, black Thorny branch used to scratch rheumatism; also, roots used for toothache. Chippewa Analgesic. Raspberry, black Compound decoction of root taken for back pain and "female weakness." Chippewa Eye medicine. Raspberry, wild black Decoction of roots used as a wash for sore eyes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chippewa Gynecological aid. Raspberry, black Compound decoction of root taken for back pain and "female weakness." Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Raspberry, black Compound decoction of roots taken for diarrhea with blood. . . . . . . . Iroquois Cathartic. Raspberry, black Leaves used as an emetic, physic and for removing bile. No preparation given .. Iroquois Emetic. Raspberry, black Leaves used as an emetic, physic and for removing bile. No preparation given .. Iroquois Liver aid. Raspberry, black Leaves used as an emetic, physic and for removing bile. No preparation given .. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Raspberry, black Decoction of roots, stalks and leaves given to children with whooping cough. Iroquois Pulmonary aid. Raspberry, black Decoction of roots, stalks and leaves given to children with whooping cough. Iroquois Venereal aid. Raspberry, black Compound decoction of roots taken for gonorrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Raspberry, black Decoction taken by a hunter and his wife to prevent her from fooling around. Menominee Tuberculosis remedy. Raspberry, black Root used with hypericum sp. to cure consumption in its first stages. Omaha Gast-intestinal aid. Raspberry, wild Decoction of scraped root given to children as a remedy for bowel trouble. Omaha Pediatric aid. Raspberry, wild Decoction of scraped root given to children as a remedy for bowel trouble. S Ojibwa Analgesic. Raspberry, black Decoction of crushed root taken for stomach pain. S Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. Raspberry, black Decoction of crushed root taken for stomach pain. Rubus odorntus Rosaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Raspberry, purple flowering Strong infusion of red raspberry leaves for pains at childbirth. . . . . . . . . Cherokee Antirheumatic - Ext. Raspberry, purple flowering Thorny branch used to scratch rheumatism; also, roots used for toothache. Cherokee Cathartic. Raspberry, purple flowering Infusion taken as tonic for boils; also, taken as an emetic and a purgative. Cherokee Cough medicine. Raspberry, purple flowering Root chewed for cough; also, decoction taken for bowel complaint. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Raspberry, purple flowering Infusion taken as tonic for boils; also, taken as an emetic and a purgative. Leaves highly astringent; decoction taken for bowel complaint. . . . . . . Used as wash for old & foul sores; also, infusion taken as tonic for boils. Cherokee Emetic. Raspberry, purple flowering Infusion taken as tonic for boils; also, taken as an emetic and a purgative. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Raspberry, purple flowering Root chewed for cough; also, decoction taken for bowel complaint. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Raspberry, purple flowering Strong infusion for pains at childbirth; decoction for menstrual period. Cherokee Tonic. Raspberry, purple flowering Infusion taken as tonic for boils; also, taken as an emetic and a purgative. Cherokee Toothache remedy. Raspberry, purple flowering Thorny branch used to scratch rheumatism; also, roots used for toothache. Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Raspberry, flowering Decoction of scraped bark or roots taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Genera

(79:30) (35:52) (35:52) (79:30) (35:52) (35:52) (35:52) (21:356) (31:133) (21:356) (37:356) (37:356) (37:356) (37:356) (37:356) (37:356) (37:356) (37:356) (61:50) . (30:84,85) . (30:84,85) (39:199) (39:199) (35:52) (35:52) (35:52) (35:52) (35:52) (35:52) (35:52) (35:52) (35:52) (35:52) (35:52) (35:52) (37:354)

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417

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Rubus

Table 1: Genera -Rubus odoratus Rosaceae Iroquois Blood medicine. Raspberry, flowering Decoction taken as blood medicine and as a blood purifier. Iroquois Cold remedy. Raspberry, flowering Roots used for colds. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Raspberry, flowering Compound decoction taken and as wash for venereal disease chancres and sores. Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Raspberry, flowering Decoction or infusion of branches taken to settle the stomach. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Raspberry, flowering Compound infusion of plants taken by women who have a miscarriage. Iroquois Kidney aid. Raspberry, flowering Compound decoction of stalks and leaves taken as kidney medicine. Iroquois Laxative. Raspberry, flowering Decoction given as blood medicine and for the bowels of new born babies. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Raspberry, flowering Decoction given as blood medicine and for the bowels of new born babies. Iroquois Venereal aid. Raspberry, flowering Compound decoction taken and as wash for venereal disease chancres and sores. Rubus paruiftoru,s Rosaceae Cowlitz Burn dressing. Thimbleberry Poultice of dried leaves applied to burns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Karok Dietary aid. Thimbleberry Infusion of roots taken as an appetizer or as a tonic by person who is thin. Karok Tonic. Thimbleberry Infusion of roots taken as an appetizer or as a tonic by person who is thin. Kwakiutl Antiemetic. Thimbleberry Decoction of leaves taken for vomiting and blood spitting. Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Thimbleberry Dried, powdered leaves applied to wounds. . . . . . . Kwakiutl Gynecological aid. Thimbleberry Leaves used when a woman's period was unduly long. Kwakiutl Other. Thimbleberry Decoction of leaves taken for vomiting and blood spitting. Dried, powdered leaves eaten for internal disorders. . . . . Makah Blood medicine. Thimbleberry Decoction of leaves taken for anemia and to strengthen the blood. Skagit Dermatological aid. Thimbleberry Poultice of leaf ashes and grease applied to swellings. . . . . . . . . Rubus pubescens Rosaceae Micmac Abortifacient. RUBUS TRIFLORUS Raspberry, dwarf Parts of plant used to treat irregular menstruation. . . . . . . . . . . Okanagan Antihemorrhagic. RUBUS PEBESCENS Raspberry Decoction of leaves taken for vomiting of blood and blood-spitting. Okanagan Gast-intestinal aid. RUBUS PEBESCENS Raspberry Decoction of leaves taken as a stomach tonic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Okanagan Other. RUBUS PEBESCENS Raspberry Decoction of leaves taken for vomiting of blood and blood-spitting. Okanagan Tonic. RUBUS PEBESCENS Raspberry Decoction of leaves taken as a stomach tonic. . ........... . Thompson Ind Antiemetic. RUBUS PEBESCENS Raspberry Decoction of leaves taken for vomiting of blood and blood-spitting. Thompson Ind Antihemorrhagic. RUBUS PEBESCENS Raspberry Decoction of leaves taken for vomiting of blood and blood-spitting. Thompson Ind Antihemorrhagic. Raspberry Decoction of leaves taken as a remedy for spitting or vomiting blood. Thompson Ind Gast-intestinal aid. RUBUS PEBESCENS Raspberry Decoction of leaves taken as a stomach tonic. Thompson Ind Gast-intestinal aid. Raspberry Decoction of root taken as a tonic for the stomach. Thompson Ind Tonic. RUBUS PEBESCENS Raspberry Decoction of leaves taken as a stomach tonic. Thompson Ind Tonic. Raspberry Decoction of root taken as a tonic for the stomach. Rubus sp. Rosaceae Cherokee Cough medicine. Blackberry, tall Root chewed for coughs . . . . . . . . . Choctaw Antidiarrheal. Blackberry Infusion of roots taken for dysentery. . Choctaw Tonic. Blackberry Decoction of roots taken as a tonic to improve circulation.

418

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Genera

(37:354) (37:355) (37:354) (37:355) (37:354) (37:354) (37:354) .. (37:354) · (37:354) · (34:34) · (58:384) · (58:384) · (82:291) (82:291) (82:291) (82:291) (82:291) (34:34) (34:34) (15:61) (48:41) (48:41) (48:41) (48:41) (48:41) (48:41) · (71:466) (48:41) (71:466) (48:41) (71:466) (90:74) (79:29) (79:29)

Rubus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera -Rubus sp. Rosaceae Klallam Cold remedy. Blackberry Roots used as a medicine for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Micmac Antidiarrheal. RUBUS FRUTICOSUS Blackberry tree Bark and roots used to treat children's diarrhea. Micmac Pediatric aid. RUBUS FRUTICOSUS Blackberry tree Bark and roots used to treat children's diarrhea. Montana Ind. Alterative. RUBUS NUTKANUS Thimbleberry Young sprouts considered a valuable alterative and antiscorbutic. Montana Ind. Misc disease remedy. RUBUS NUTKANUS Thimbleberry Young sprouts considered a valuable alterative and antiscorbutic. N Carrier Dermatological aid. Raspberry Compound decoction of inner bark taken for paralysis and for body sores. N Carrier Orthopedic aid. Raspberry Compound decoction of inner bark taken for paralysis and for body sores. N Carrier Stimulant. Raspberry Compound decoction of inner bark taken for constitutional weakness. Rappahannock Anesthetic. Blackberry Root or berry infusion taken for diarrhea; overdose will cause numbness. Rappahannock Antidiarrheal. Blackberry Root or berry infusion taken for diarrhea; overdose will cause numbness. Rappahannock Gast-intestinal aid. Blackberry Infusion of dried, brown runners taken for dyspepsia. W. Eskimo Antidiarrheal. Salmonberry Berries eaten as a remedy for diarrhea. Rubus spectabilis Rosaceae Bella Coola Gast-intestinal aid. Salmonberry Decoction of root bark taken for stomach troubles. Kwakiutl Burn dressing. Salmonberry Powdered bark applied to sores and burns. Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Salmonberry Powdered bark applied to sores and burns. Kwakiutl Pediatric aid. Salmonberry Chewed sprouts applied to the head of a child to make him grow. Makah Analgesic. Salmonberry Poultice of bark applied to wounds to kill the pain. Makah Dermatological aid. Salmonberry Poultice of bark applied to wounds to kill the pain. Makah Toothache remedy. Salmonberry Poultice of bark applied to aching tooth. . . . . . . Quileute Burn dressing. Salmonberry Poultice of chewed leaves or bark applied to burns. Quinault Analgesic. Salmonberry Decoction of bark taken to lessen labor pains. Quinault Burn dressing. Salmonberry Decoction of bark used to clean infected wounds, especially burns. Quinault Dermatological aid. Salmonberry Decoction of bark used to clean infected wounds, especially burns. Quinault Disinfectant. Salmonberry Decoction of bark used to clean infected wounds, especially burns. Quinault Gynecological aid. Salmonberry Decoction of bark taken to lessen labor pains. . . . . . . . . . . . . Rubus trivialis Rosaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Dewberry Infusion of root or leaf for diarrhea; compound infusion of root for piles. Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Dewberry Infusion given for rheumatism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Dermatological aid. Dewberry Astringent and tonic; compound infusion of root used as a wash for piles. Cherokee Hemorrhoid remedy. Dewberry Infusion of root or leaf for diarrhea; compound infusion of root for piles. . Cherokee Oral aid. Dewberry With honey as a wash for sore throat; washed root chewed for coated tongue. Cherokee Stimulant. Dew berry Used as a tonic, a stimulant, and for venereal disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Throat aid. Dewberry With honey as a wash for sore throat; washed root chewed for coated tongue. Cherokee Tonic. Dewberry Used as a tonic, a stimulant, and for venereal disease. Cherokee Urinary aid. Dewberry Compound decoction taken to regulate urination. ..

Genera

(34:36) (15:61) (15:61) (3:21) (3:21) (60:58) (60:58) (60:58) (69:29) (69:29) (69:29) (44:15) (60:58) (82:291) (82:291) (82:291) (34:35) (34:35) (34:35) (34:35) (34:35) (34:35) (34:35) (34:35) (34:35) (35:26) (35:26) . (35:25,26) (35:26) (35:26) (35:26) (35:26) (35:26) (35:26)

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419

Rubus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Rubus trivialis Rosaceae Cherokee Venereal aid. Dewberry Used as a tonic, a stimulant, and for venereal disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (35:26) Rubus ursinus Rosaceae Kwakiutl Antidiarrheal. Blackberry Compound decoction of vines taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . (82:264) Kwakiutl Antiemetic. Blackberry, trailing Decoction of vines and roots taken for vomiting and blood spitting. (82:291) Kwakiutl Antihemorrhagic. Blackberry, trailing Decoction of vines and roots taken for vomiting and blood spitting. (82:291) Rubus vitifolius Rosaceae Costanoan Antidiarrheal. Decoction of roots used for dysentery and diarrhea. (5:19) Costanoan Dermatological aid. Roots used for infected sores. (5:19) Costanoan Disinfectant. Roots used for infected sores. (5:19) Mendocino Ind Antidiarrheal. Blackberry, common Infusion of roots taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . (16:355) Rudbeckia fulgida Asteraceae Cherokee Anthelmintic. Cone flower (35:30) Used as wash for snakebites and "swelling caused by worms." Cherokee Dermatological aid. Cone flower Warm infusion of root used to bathe sores. . . . . . . . . . . . (35:30) Cherokee Ear medicine. Cone flower (35:30) Ooze of root used for earache; also, infusion taken for dropsy. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Cone flower Taken for "flux and some private diseases." . . . . . . . . . . . (35:30) Cherokee Kidney aid. Cone flower (35:30) Ooze of root used for earache; also, infusion taken for dropsy. Cherokee Snake bite remedy. Cone flower Used as wash for snakebites and "swelling caused by worms." (35:30) Cherokee Venereal aid. Cone flower Taken for ''flux and some private diseases." . . . . . . . . . . . (35:30) Rudbeclcia hina Asteraceae Cherokee Anthelmintic. Cone flower Used as wash for snakebites and "swelling caused by worms." (35:30) Cherokee Dermatological aid. Cone flower Warm infusion of root used to bathe sores. . . . . . . . . . . . (35:30) Cherokee Ear medicine. Cone flower Ooze of root used for earache; also, infusion taken for dropsy. (35:30) Cherokee Gynecological aid. Cone flower Taken for "flux and some private diseases." . . . . . . . . . . . (35:30) Cherokee Kidney aid. Cone flower (35:30) Ooze of root used for earache; also, infusion taken for dropsy. Cherokee Snake bite remedy. Cone flower Used as wash for snakebites and "swelling caused by worms." (35:30) Cherokee Venereal aid. Cone flower Taken for "flux and some private diseases." .. (35:30) Iroquois Anthelmintic. Black eyed Susan Infusion of roots given to children with worms. (37:469) Iroquois Heart medicine. Black eyed Susan Decoction of plants taken for the heart. . (37:469) Iroquois Pediatric aid. Black eyed Susan Infusion of roots given to children with worms. . (37:469) Potawatomi Cold remedy. Black eyed Susan Infusion of root taken to cure colds. . (64:52,53) Shuswap Eye medicine. Black eyed Susan Plant used for sore eyes. . . . . . . . . . . (47:59) Rudbeclcia laciniata Asteraceae Cherokee Dietary aid. Cone flower (35:30) Cooked spring salad eaten to "keep well." Chippewa Burn dressing. Cone flower Compound poultice of blossoms applied to burns. (21:352) Chippewa Gast-intestinal aid. Cone flower Compound infusion of root taken for indigestion. . (21:342) Chippewa Veterinary aid. Cone flower Compound infusion of root applied to chest and legs of horse as a stimulant. (21:366) Rumex acetosa Polygonaceae W. Eskimo Antidiarrheal. Dock, sour Decoction of leaves and stems taken as a cure for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (46:24)

420

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Genera

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Rumex

Table 1: Genera -Rumex acetosella Polygonaceae Aleut Dermatological aid. Poultice of steamed leaves applied to warts and bruises. (1:427) Cherokee Dermatological aid. Sorrel, sheep (35:56) Poultice of bruised leaves and blossoms applied to old sores. Mohegan Gast-intestinal aid. Sorrel Fresh leaves chewed as a stomach aid. (78:75,132) Squaxin Tuberculosis remedy. Dock, sheep sorrel Raw leaves eaten for tuberculosis. . . . . . . . (34:29) Rumex altissimus Polygonaceae Dakota Dermatological aid. Poultice of green leaves applied to boils. (29:361) Ojibwa Unspecified. Dock, pale Plant used for medicinal purposes. (52:240) Rumex conglomeratus Polygonaceae Karok Herbal steam. Dock, green Decoction of plant used as a steam bath medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (58:383) Rumex crispus Polygonaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Dock, curly Infusion taken for dysentery; also, infusion of root for constipation. (35:32) Cherokee Blood medicine. Dock, curly Infusion of root taken "to correct fluids;" also, taken "for blood." (35:32) Cherokee Dermatological aid. Dock, curly Juice and infusion of root as poultice and salve for various skin problems. (35:32) Cherokee Kidney aid. Dock, curly Infusion of root taken "to correct fluids;" also, taken "for blood." (35:32) Cherokee Laxative. Dock, curly Infusion taken for dysentery; also, infusion of root for constipation. (35:32) Cherokee Throat aid. Dock, curly Leaves rubbed in mouth for sore throat. . .. (35:32) Cherokee Veterinary aid. Dock, curly Beaten roots fed to horses for "sick stomach." (35:32) Cheyenne Antihemorrhagic. Dock (33:172) Infusion of dried roots taken for hemorrhage of the lungs. Cheyenne Dermatological aid. Dock (33:172) Poultice of pounded, dried roots applied to wounds or sores. Cheyenne Pulmonary aid. Dock (33:172) Infusion of dried roots taken for hemorrhage of the lungs. Chippewa Dermatological aid. Dock, yellow Poultice of dried, pounded root applied to ulcers and swellings. (21:354,366) (21:350) Poultice of moistened dried, powdered root applied to cuts or for itching. Costanoan Urinary aid. Decoction of plant used for urinary problems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (5:11) Dakota Dermatological aid. Dock, sour (30:77) Poultice of crushed green leaves applied to boils to draw out pus. Delaware-Okl Blood medicine. Dock . (77:28,78) Root used as a blood purifier and as a remedy for jaundice. Delaware-Okl Liver aid. Dock . (77:28,78) Root used as a blood purifier and as a remedy for jaundice. Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Dock, curled (37:311) Compound decoction of roots taken for diarrhea with blood. Iroquois Blood medicine. Dock, curled (37:312) Compound decoction taken as blood medicine when "blood is bad from scrofula." Iroquois Cathartic. Dock, curled (37:312) Decoction taken as a physic for general bowel trouble & colds in intestines. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Dock, curled (37:312) Infusion taken and poultice used for swellings caused by blood catching cold. Iroquois Dietary aid. Dock, curled Decoction of roots taken for upset stomach and "when one can't eat." (37:311) Iroquois Emetic. Dock, curled (37:311) Decoction of plants taken as an emetic before running or playing lacrosse. Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Dock, curled (37:311) Decoction of roots taken for intestinal colds, cramps or pains in abdomen. (37:311) Decoction of roots taken for upset stomach and "when one can't eat." Poultice for swollen body from yellow fever and for abdominal cramps & pains. (37:311) Iroquois Hemorrhoid remedy. Dock, curled Compound decoction of plant taken and used as a wash for piles. (37:312) Iroquois Hemostat. Dock, curled (37:312) Used to stop bleeding. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Kidney aid. Dock, curled Decoction of plants taken for kidney trouble. . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:311)

Genera

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421

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Rumex

Table 1: Genera -Rumex crispus Polygonaceae Iroquois Love medicine. Dock, curled Decoction used as a wash for face, hands and clothes as love medicine. Iroquois Misc disease remedy. Dock, curled Decoction of roots taken and poultice applied for yellow fever. ... Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Dock, curled Used for strained muscles. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Panacea. Dock, curled "Good for all illnesses." No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Reproductive aid. Dock, curled Compound decoction of roots taken to induce pregnancy. Iroquois Strengthener. Dock, curled Decoction taken to makes muscles strong for running or playing lacrosse. Iroquois Tonic. Dock, curled Compound decoction of roots taken as a tonic for women. . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Venereal aid. Dock, curled Compound used for gonorrhea. No preparation or application indicated. Micmac Cathartic. Dock roots, curled Roots used as a purgative; also, used to treat "cold in bladder." Micmac Urinary aid. Dock roots, curled Roots used as a purgative; also, used to treat "cold in bladder." Mohegan Blood medicine. Dock, curly Cooked leaves said to "purify the blood." Mohegan Tonic. Dock, curly Root used to make a tonic. ... Navaho Stimulant. Dock, curly leaf Plant used for fainting. Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Dock, curly leaf Whole plant used as ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Dock, curly leaf Dried, powdered leaves dusted on sores. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Dock, curly leaf Whole plant used as ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Oral aid. Dock, curly leaf Cold infusion of leaf used on sores in mouth. Navaho-Ramah Other. Dock, curly leaf Root used as "life medicine." . . . . . Ojibwa Dermatological aid. Dock, curled Root used to close and heal cuts. Paiute Analgesic. Dock, curly Poultice of pulped root applied to rheumatic swellings or pains. Paiute Antidiarrheal. Dock, curly Boiled seeds eaten alone or in compound to stop diarrhea. Paiute Antirheumatic - Ext. Dock, curly Poultice of pulped root applied to rheumatic swellings or pains. Paiute Blood medicine. Dock, curly Decoction of root taken as a blood purifier. Paiute Burn dressing. Dock, curly Poultice of pulped root applied to burns. Paiute Dermatological aid. Dock, curly Poultice of pulped root applied to bruises and swellings. Roots used for astringent and tonic properties. . . . . .. Paiute Gast-intestinal aid. Dock, curly Decoction of roots taken or raw, peeled roots eaten for stomach disorders. Paiute Tonic. Dock, curly Decoction of root taken as a general tonic. Roots used for astringent and tonic properties. Paiute Venereal aid. Dock, curly Decoction of root taken for venereal disease. Rappahannock Blood medicine. Dock, yellow An ingredient of a blood medicine. No preparation indicated. S Ojibwa Dermatological aid. Dock, curled Poultice of bruised or crushed root applied to sores and abrasions. Shoshone Analgesic. Dock, curly Poultice of pulped root applied to rheumatic swellings or pains. Shoshone Antirheumatic - Ext. Dock, curly Poultice of pulped root applied to rheumatic swellings or pains. Shoshone Blood medicine. Dock, curly Decoction of root taken as a blood purifier. Shoshone Burn dressing. Dock, curly Poultice of pulped root applied to burns.

422

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Genera

· (37:312) · (37:311) (37:312) (37:312) (37:311) · (37:311) (37:312) (37:312) (15:61) (15:61) (78:75,132) (78:75,132) (38:155) (84:24) (84:24) (84:24) (84:24) (84:24) (63:381) (81:131,132) (81:131,132) (81:131,132) (81:131,132) (81:131,132) (81:131,132) · (73:317) · (73:317) (81:131,132) . .. (73:317) (81:131,132) (69:31) (39:200) (81:131,132) (81:131,132) (81:131,132) (81:131,132)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Rumex

Table 1: Genera - Rumex crispus Polygonaceae Shoshone Cathartic. Dock, curly Decoction of root taken as a physic. . . . . . . . . . . . . (81:131,132) Shoshone Dermatological aid. Dock, curly (81:131,132) Poultice of pulped root applied to bruises and swellings. Shoshone Liver aid. Dock, curly (81:131,132) Decoction of root taken for liver complaints. Shoshone Tonic. Dock, curly Decoction of root taken as a general tonic. (81:131,132) Shoshone Venereal aid. Dock, curly Decoction of root taken for venereal disease. (81:131,132) Yuki Antidiarrheal. Dock Infusion of seeds taken by adults and babies for dysentery. (18:46) Yuki Dermatological aid. Dock Decoction of leaves and seeds applied to sores. . . . . . . . (18:46) Yuki Pediatric aid. Dock Infusion of seeds taken by adults and babies for dysentery. (18:46) Rumex hymenosepaJus Polygonaceae Hopi Cold remedy. Canaigre Plant used to treat colds. · (88:34,73) Navaho-Kayenta Other. Plant used as a life medicine. (91:20) Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Canaigre Cold infusion of root used as ceremonial medicine. (84:24) Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. Canaigre Cold infusion of root used as a lactagogue on breasts of women or goats. (84:24) Navaho-Ramah Veterinary aid. Canaigre Cold infusion of root used as a lactagogue on breasts of women or goats. (84:24) Papago Dermatological aid. Canaigre Poultice of dried and ground roots applied to sores. (13:65) Poultice of pulverized, dried root applied to sores. · (12:64,65) Papago Throat aid. Canaigre Dried and pounded root taken for sore throats. (13:64) Powdered root eaten, or piece of root held in mouth, for sore throat. · (12:64,65) Pawnee Antidiarrheal. Canaigre Root used as a remedy for diarrhea. (30:77) Pima Cold remedy. Dock Root chewed for colds and coughs. (17:51) Pima Cough medicine. Dock Root chewed for colds and coughs. (17:51 ) Pima Dermatological aid. Canaigre Poultice of dried, powdered root applied to sores. (56:80) Pima Dermatological aid. Dock Poultice of roots applied or decoction of roots used as wash for skin sores. (17:51) Pima Oral aid. Dock Root held in the mouth for sore gums. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (17:51 ) Pima Throat aid. Dock Root chewed or decoction of roots used as a gargle for sore throats. (17:51) Rumex maritimus Polygonaceae Navaho-Kayenta Gast-intestinal aid. RUMEX FUEGINUS Infusion of plant taken for bloat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (91:20) Rumex mexicanus Polygonaceae Apache Gynecological aid. Dock Infusion of leaves taken by childless women to become pregnant. (53:160) Apache Throat aid. Dock Infusion of leaves used for sore throats. . . . . . . . . . (53:160) Houma Abortifacient. RUMEX MEXICANA Dock Decoction of white root used to regulate menstruation. · (68:56,57) Houma Febrifuge. RUMEX MEXICANA Dock Decoction of red root taken for fever. . . . . . . . · (68:56,57) Houma Gast-intestinal aid. RUMEX MEXICANA Dock Decoction of plant taken for intestinal disorders. · (68:56,57) Houma Liver aid. RUMEX MEXICANA Dock' Decoction of plant taken for liver trouble. . . . . · (68:56,57) Infusion of yellow root in gin taken for jaundice. · (68:56,57) Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Dock, Mexican (84:24) Whole plant used as ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Dock, Mexican (84:24) Whole plant used as ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Other. Dock, Mexican Root used as "life medicine." . . . . . . . (84:24)

Genera

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423

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Rumex

Table 1: Genera - Rumex mexicanus Polygonaceae Zuni Throat aid. Dock Ground root or infusion taken for sore throat, especially by sword swallower. Rumex obtuBifolius Polygonaceae Chippewa Dermatological aid. Dock, bitter Infusion of root applied to skin eruptions, especially for children. Chippewa Pediatric aid. Dock, bitter Infusion of root applied to skin eruptions, especially for children. Delaware-Okl Blood medicine. Dock Root used as a blood purifier and as a remedy for jaundice. Delaware-Okl Liver aid. Dock Root used as a blood purifier and as a remedy for jaundice. Iroquois Blood medicine. Dock, broad leaved Compound decoction of roots taken for blood disorders & as a blood purifier. Iroquois Contraceptive. Dock, broad leaved Used as contraceptive and stops menses. No preparation or application given. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Dock, broad leaved Used as contraceptive and stops menses. No preparation or application given. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Dock, broad leaved Decoction of root given to children for whooping cough. Iroquois Pulmonary aid. Dock, broad leaved Decoction of root given to children for whooping cough. Iroquois Tonic. Dock, broad leaved Compound decoction taken as a blood medicine and tonic. Rumex occidemalis Polygonaceae Bella Coola Analgesic. Dock, western Leaves used in a sweat bath for pains similar to rheumatism allover body. Bella Coola Antirheumatic - Ext. Dock, western Leaves used in sweat bath for pains similar to rheumatism. . . . . . . . . . Bella Coola Dermatological aid. Dock, western Poultice of leaves and mashed roasted roots applied to boils and wounds. Bella Coola Diaphoretic. Dock, western Leaves used in a sweat bath for pains similar to rheumatism allover body. Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Dock, western Root extract used to wash sores and swellings. . . . . . . . . . Kwakiutl Gast-intestinal aid. Dock, western Boiled roots eaten and applied as poultice for stomachaches. Rumex patientia Polygonaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Dock, patience Infusion taken for dysentery; also, infusion of root for constipation. Cherokee Blood medicine. Dock, patience Infusion of root taken "to correct fluids;" also, taken "for blood." Cherokee Dermatological aid. Dock, patience Juice and infusion of root as poultice and salve for various skin problems. Cherokee Kidney aid. Dock, patience Infusion of root taken "to correct fluids;" also, taken "for blood." Cherokee Laxative. Dock, patience Infusion taken for dysentery; also, infusion of root for constipation. Cherokee Throat aid. Dock, patience Leaves rubbed in mouth for sore throat. . .. Cherokee Veterinary aid. Dock, patience Beaten roots fed to horses for "sick stomach." Rumex sa1icifolius Polygonaceae Blackfeet Dermatological aid. Dock, willow leaved Boiled root used for many complaints, generally for swellings. Gosiute Blood medicine. Sorrel Roots used as a blood medicine. . . . . . . . . . Gosiute Cathartic. Sorrel Decoction of roots used for severe constipation. Kawaiisu Analgesic. Dock, willow Mashed roots used as a salve on sore limbs. . . Kawaiisu Dermatological aid. Dock, willow Dried, pounded roots used as powder on sores; plant salve used on cuts. Kawaiisu Gast-intestinal aid. Dock, willow Infusion of roots taken for stomachaches. Kawaiisu Misc disease remedy. Dock, willow Mashed roots used as a salve for chicken pox. Kawaiisu Orthopedic aid. Dock, willow Mashed roots used as a salve on sore limbs. Kawaiisu Unspecified. Dock, willow Stems, seeds and roots used as medicine.

424

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Genera

(72:59) (21:350) (21:350) . (77:28,78) . (77:28,78) (37:313) (37:312) (37:313) (37:312) (37:312) (37:313) (60:56) (60:56) (60:56) (60:56) (82:287) (82:287) (35:32) (35:32) (35:32) (35:32) (35:32) (35:32) (35:32) (45:274) (14:380) (14:380) (92:60) (92:60) (92:60) (92:60) (92:60) (92:60)

Rumex

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Rumex sp. Polygonaceae Cowlitz Dermatological aid. Dock Decoction of stalks used as an antiseptic wash for leg sores. Cowlitz Disinfectant. Dock Decoction of stalks used as an antiseptic wash for leg sores. Fox Antidote. RUMEX BRITANICA Water dock, great Decoction of root taken as an antidote for poison. Luisenos Unspecified. Dock Decoction of roots used for medicinal purposes . . Mahuna Cough medicine. RUMEX HYMENOCALLIS Rhubarb, American wild Infusion of roots used as a gargle for coughs and sore throats. Mahuna Throat aid. RUMEX HYMENOCALLIS Rhubarb, American wild Infusion of roots used as a gargle for coughs and sore throats. Potawatomi Blood medicine. RUMEX BRITANNICA Water dock, great Root used as a blood purifier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . W. Eskimo Dermatological aid. Dock, sour Plant "widely recognized as an effective astringent." Rumex venosus Polygonaceae Paiute Analgesic. Dock, sand Decoction of roots taken for influenza and for stomachaches. Paiute Antidiarrheal. Dock, sand Decoction of root taken to stop diarrhea. Paiute Antirheumatic - Int. Dock, sand Decoction of root taken for rheumatism. Paiute Blood medicine. Dock, sand Decoction of roots taken as a blood purifier or tonic. Paiute Burn dressing. Dock, sand Poultice of dried or raw roots applied & decoction used as a wash for burns. Paiute Cold remedy. Dock, sand Decoction of root taken for pneumonia, influenza, colds, and coughs. Paiute Cough medicine. Dock, sand Decoction of root taken for pneumonia, influenza, colds, and coughs. Paiute Dermatological aid. Dock, sand Poultice of root applied or decoction as wash for wounds, sores, & swellings. Paiute Gast-intestinal aid. Dock, sand . Decoction of root taken for stomachaches & stomach and gall bladder trouble. Paiute Kidney aid. Dock, sand Decoction of root taken for kidney disorders. . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Misc disease remedy. Dock, sand Decoction of roots taken for influenza and for stomachaches. Paiute Pulmonary aid. Dock, sand Decoction of root taken for pneumonia, influenza, colds, and coughs. Paiute Tonic. Dock, sand Decoction of root taken as a blood purifier or tonic. . . . . . . . . Paiute Venereal aid. Dock, sand Simple or compound decoction of root taken for venereal disease. Shoshone Blood medicine. Dock, sand Decoction of roots taken as a blood purifier or tonic. . . . . . . . . Shoshone Burn dressing. Dock, sand Poultice of dried or raw roots applied & decoction used as a wash for burns. Shoshone Dermatological aid. Dock, sand Poultice of root applied or decoction as wash for wounds, sores, & swellings. Shoshone Tonic. Dock, sand Decoction of root taken as a blood purifier or tonic. Shoshone Venereal aid. Dock, sand Decoction of root taken for venereal disease. Rumex verticil latus Polygonaceae Choctaw Misc disease remedy. Dock, swamp Infusion of leaves used as a bath to prevent smallpox. Choctaw Misc disease remedy. Decoction of leaves used in bath to prevent smallpox. Ruta chalapensis Rutaceae Costanoan Analgesic. Plant used for paralysis and stomach pain. Costanoan Cough medicine. Decoction of plant used for coughs. . . . . Costanoan Ear medicine. Heated leaves placed inside the ear for earaches. Costanoan Gast-intestinal aid. Plant used for paralysis and stomach pain.

Genera

(34:29) (34:29) (62:237) (65:233) (55:17) (55:17) (64:73) (46:31) (81:132,133) (81:132,133) (81:132,133) (81:132,133) (81:132,133) (81:132,133) (81:132,133) (81:132,133) (81:132,133) (81:132,133) (81:132,133) (81:132,133) (81:132,133) (81:132,133) (81:132,133) (81:132,133) (81:132,133) (81:132,133) (81:132,133) (79:21) . (8:23) (5:22) (5:22) (5:22) (5:22)

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425

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Rut a

Table 1: Genera - Ruta graveolens Rutaceae Cherokee Anthelmintic. Rue, common garden Decoction of top or leaves boiled to syrup and taken for worms. Cherokee Orthopedic aid. Rue, common garden Added to whiskey and taken for hysterics; also, taken for palsy. Cherokee Other. Rue, common garden Used as poultice for gangrenous parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Sedative. Rue, common garden Added to whiskey and taken for hysterics; also, taken for palsy. Sabal sp. Arecaceae Houma Eye medicine. SABAL ADANSONII Palmetto, dwarf Juice from crushed small roots rubbed into sore eyes as a counterirritant. Houma Hypotensive. SABAL ADANSONII Palmetto, dwarf Decoction of dried root taken for "swimming in head" or high blood pressure. Houma Kidney aid. SABAL ADANSONII Palmetto, dwarf Decoction of root taken for kidney trouble. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Houma Stimulant. SABAL ADANSONII Palmetto, dwarf Decoction of dried root taken for "swimming in head" or high blood pressure. Sabatia angularis Gentianaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Rose pink Infusion taken for periodic pains. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Rose pink Infusion taken for periodic pains. Sagittaria cuneata Alismataceae Cheyenne Unspecified. Arrowhead Leaves used as an ingredient in a medicinal mixture. . . . . . . . . . . . . Cheyenne Veterinary aid. Arrowhead Dried leaves given to horses for urinary troubles or put into sore mouth. Navaho Analgesic. SAGITTARIA ARIFOLIA Arrowhead Plant used for headaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. SAGITTARIA ARIFOLIA Arrowhead, arum leaved Corms eaten as a remedy for indigestion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sagittaria lati/olia Alismataceae Cherokee Febrifuge. Arrowhead Infusion of leaves used to bathe feverish baby, and one sip given orally. Cherokee Pediatric aid. Arrowhead Infusion of leaves used to bathe feverish baby, and one sip given orally. Chippewa Gast-intestinal aid. Arrowhead Infusion of root taken for indigestion. Iroquois Antirheumatic - Int. Arrowhead lily Infusion of plant taken for rheumatism. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Arrowhead lily Compound decoction taken for "boils around the abdomen of children." Compound decoction used as a wash on affected parts for "Italian itch." Iroquois Laxative. Arrowhead lily Compound decoction taken for constipation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Other. Arrowhead lily Decoction of root used as a corn medicine, when starting to plant corn. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Arrowhead lily Compound decoction taken for "boils around the abdomen of children." Potawatomi Dermatological aid. Arrowhead, broad leaved Poultice of pounded corms applied to wounds and sores. . . . . . . . . . . Salix alba Salicaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Willow, white Infusion of bark taken to check bowels; also, infusion taken for fever. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Willow, white Decoction or infusion of bark used as wash for hair to make it grow. Cherokee Febrifuge. Willow, white Infusion of bark taken to check bowels; also, infusion taken for fever. Cherokee Other Willow, white Bark used as a tonic; also used as a poultice. Cherokee Respiratory aid. Willow, white Root chewed by ball players "for wind." . . . Cherokee Throat aid. Willow, white Decoction of inner bark taken for hoarseness. Infusion of inner bark taken for lost voice; root chewed for hoarseness. Cherokee Tonic. Willow, white Bark used as a tonic; also used as a pOUltice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Salix amygdaloides Salicaceae Cheyenne Antidiarrheal. Willow Infusion of bark taken for diarrhea and other ailments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

426

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Genera

(35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) · (68:55,56) · (68:55,56) · (68:55,56) (68:55) (35:53) (35:53) (36:6) (36:6) (23:24) (63:353) (35:23) (35:23) (21:342) (37:273) (37:273) (37:273) (37:273) (37:273) (37:273) (64:37) (35:61) (35:61) (35:61) (35:61) (35:61) (79:12) (35:61) (35:61) ..

(36:37)

Salix

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Salix amygdaloides Salicaceae

Cheyenne Ceremonial medicine. Willow (36:37) Plant used in the Sun Dance ceremony. Cheyenne Dermatological aid. Willow (36:37) Poultice of bark applied to cuts to stop bleeding. Cheyenne Hemostat. Willow (36:37) Poultice of bark applied to cuts to stop bleeding. Cheyenne Panacea. Willow (36:37) Infusion of bark taken for diarrhea and other ailments. Salix arbusculoides Salicaceae W. Eskimo Dermatological aid. Willow (46:30) Poultice of inner bark applied to sores. W. Eskimo Eye medicine. Willow (46:30) Leaves placed in the corners of watery eyes. W. Eskimo Oral aid. Willow (46:30) Leaves chewed to treat a sore mouth. Salix babylonica Salicaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Willow, weeping (35:61) Infusion of bark taken to check bowels; also, infusion taken for fever. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Willow, weeping (35:61) Decoction or infusion of bark used as wash for hair to make it grow. Cherokee Febrifuge. Willow, weeping (35:61) Infusion of bark taken to check bowels; also, infusion taken for fever. Cherokee Other. Willow, weeping (35:61) Bark used as a tonic; also used as a poultice. Cherokee Respiratory aid. Willow, weeping (35:61) Root chewed by ball players "for wind." ... Cherokee Throat aid. Willow, weeping (35:61) Infusion of inner bark taken for lost voice; root chewed for hoarseness. Cherokee Tonic. Willow, weeping (35:61) Bark used as a tonic; also used as a poultice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Salix bebbiana Salicaceae Menominee Unspecified. SALIX ROSTRATA Willow, beaked Plant used medicinally; preparation and use unspecified. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (61:52) Salix candida Salicaceae Fox Unspecified. Willow, silvery (62:245) Compound used as a medicine, no specific use noted. Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. Willow, sage (52:243) Plant used for stomach troubles, fainting and trembling. Ojibwa Sedative. Willow, sage (52:243) Plant used for stomach troubles, fainting and trembling. Ojibwa Stimulant. Willow, sage (52:243) Plant used for stomach troubles, fainting and trembling. Ojibwa Unspecified. Willow, sage (52:243) Bark used for medicinal purposes . . . . . . S Ojibwa Cough medicine. Willow, hoary (39:200) Decoction of inner bark taken for coughs. Salix caroliniana Salicaceae Houma Blood medicine. SALIX LONGIPES Willow (68:60) Decoction of roots and bark taken for "feebleness" due to thin blood. Houma Febrifuge. SALIX LONGIPES Willow (68:60) Decoction of roots and bark taken for fever. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Salix cordata Salicaceae Micmac Cold remedy. Willow (15:61) Bark of plant used to treat colds; also, used to stimulate appetite. Micmac Dermatological aid. Willow (15:61) Bark of plant used to treat blisters; also, used to stimulate appetite. Micmac Dietary aid. Willow (15:61) Bark of plant used to treat blisters; also, used to stimulate appetite. Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Willow, heartleaf (71:471) Poultice of fresh bark applied to bruises and skin eruptions. Salix discolor Salicaceae Iroquois Emetic. Willow, pussy (37:294) Compound decoction taken to vomit during initial stages of consumption. (37:294) Compound decoction taken to vomit to reduce loneliness. .. Iroquois Hemorrhoid remedy. Willow, pussy (37:294) Infusion of bark for bleeding piles. No application indicated. Iroquois Psychological aid. Willow, pussy (37:294) Compound decoction taken to vomit to reduce loneliness. .. Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Willow, pussy (37:294) Compound decoction taken to vomit during initial stages of consumption.

Genera

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427

Salix

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Salix discolor Salicaceae

Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. Willow, pussy Plant used for stomach troubles, fainting and trembling. (52:243) Ojibwa Sedative. Willow, pussy Plant used for stomach troubles, fainting and trembling. (52:243) Ojibwa Stimulant. Willow, pussy Plant used for stomach troubles, fainting and trembling. (52:243) Ojibwa Unspecified. Willow, pussy Bark used for medicinal purposes. . . . . . . . . . . (52:243) Potawatomi Hemostat. Willow, pussy Decoction of root bark used to stop a hemorrhage. . (64:81,82) Potawatomi Panacea. Willow, pussy Bark used as a universal remedy. . . . . . . (64:81) Salix exigua Salicaceae Montana Ind. Adjuvant. Willow, narrow leaved (3:22) Poles used for framework of "sweat tepee" for treating colds and rheumatism. Montana Ind. Antirheumatic - Ext. Willow, narrow leaved (3:22) Poles used for framework of "sweat tepee" for treating colds and rheumatism. Montana Ind. Cold remedy. Willow, narrow leaved (3:22) Poles used for framework of "sweat tepee" for treating colds and rheumatism. Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Willow, coyote Decoction of leaves used as ceremonial emetic. (84:22) Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Willow, coyote Decoction of leaves used as ceremonial emetic. (84:22) Salix fragilis Salicaceae Ojibwa Dermatological aid. Willow, crack Poultice of bark applied to sores as a styptic and healing aid. (63:388) Ojibwa Hemostat. Willow, crack Bark used as a styptic and poultice for sores. . . . . . . . . . . (63:388) Salix juscescens Salicaceae W. Eskimo Eye medicine. Willow Cotton from plant used by old men in inner corner of eye for watery sore eye. (44:60) W. Eskimo Oral aid. Willow . (44:17,60) Leaves chewed to help cure mouth sores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Salix glaucophylloides Salicaceae Iroquois Venereal aid. Fern Compound for syphilis with chancres. No preparation or application given. . . . . . . . . . (37:294) Salix gooddingii Salicaceae Pima Febrifuge. Willow Decoction of leaves and bark taken as a febrifuge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (17:108) Salix hookeriana Salicaceae Makah Antidote. Willow (34:27) Leaves are used as an antidote for shell-fish poisoning. Makah Dermatological aid. Willow Infusion of roots used as a hair wash. .......... (34:27) Salix humilis Salicaceae Catawba Gynecological aid. SALIX TRISTIS Willow, dwarf gray Plant used for sore nipples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (79:13) Catawba Oral aid. SALIX TRISTIS Willow, dwarf gray Infusion of roots used as a wash for child's sore mouth. (79:13) Catawba Pediatric aid. SALIX TRISTIS Willow, dwarf gray Infusion of roots used as a wash for child's sore mouth. (79:13) Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Willow, mountain Infusion of bark taken to check bowels; also, infusion taken for fever. (35:61) Cherokee Dermatological aid. Willow, mountain Decoction or infusion of bark used as wash for hair to make it grow. (35:61) Cherokee Febrifuge. Willow, mountain Infusion of bark taken to check bowels; also, infusion taken for fever. (35:61) Cherokee Other. Willow, mountain Bark used as a tonic; also used as a poultice. (35:61) Cherokee Respiratory aid. Willow, mountain Root chewed by ball players "for wind." (35:61) Cherokee. Throat aid. Willow, mountain Infusion of inner bark taken for lost voice; root chewed for hoarseness. (35:61) Cherokee Tonic. Willow, mountain Bark used as a tonic; also used as a poultice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (35:61) Delaware-Okl Tuberculosis remedy. Willow, prairie Compound infusion of plant used to treat scrofula and venereal disease. . (77:29,78) Delaware-Okl Venereal aid. Willow, prairie Compound infusion of plant used to treat scrofula and venereal disease. . (77:29,78)

428

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Genera

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Salix

Table 1: Genera - SaliJ; humilis Salicaceae Fox Antidiarrheal. Willow, dwarf Infusion of root used to treat flux; also, used for enemas. Fox Hemostat. Willow, dwarf Leaves used for stopping a hemorrhage. . . . . . . . . . . Fox Laxative. Willow, dwarf Infusion of root used for giving enemas; also, used for flux. Menominee Antidiarrheal. Willow, dwarf Root taken from shrub bearing insect galls used to stop dysentery & diarrhea. Menominee Gast-intestinal aid. Willow, dwarf Root taken only from shrub bearing insect galls used to cure spasmodic colic. Menominee Tonic. Willow, prairie Decoction of stalk taken as a general tonic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SaliJ; interior Salicaceae Thompson Ind Unspecified. Willow, longleaf Roots used medicinally for unspecified purpose. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SaliJ; laevigata Salicaceae Costanoan Febrifuge. Bark used for fevers. . . . . . . . . . Kawaiisu Antidiarrheal. Infusion of roots taken for diarrhea. SaliJ; lasiandra Salicaceae Bella Coola Antidiarrheal. Willow Cold infusion of charred, pulverized sticks taken for diarrhea. Bella Coola Dermatological aid. Willow Folded inner bark inserted in knife cuts; also, used to heal incisions. Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Willow, Pacific Decoction of leaves used as ceremonial emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Disinfectant. Willow, Pacific Painted internode of stem held by baby for "lightning infection." Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Willow, Pacific Decoction of leaves used as ceremonial emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Pediatric aid. Willow, Pacific Painted internode of stem held by baby for "lightning infection." SaliJ; lasiolepis Salicaceae Costanoan Cold remedy. Infusion of bark or young leaves or decoction of flowers used for colds. Mendocino Ind Antidiarrheal. Willow, common Infusion of leaves taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . Mendocino Ind Dermatological aid. Willow, common Decoction of bark used as a wash for the itch. Mendocino Ind Diaphoretic. Willow, common Infusion of bark taken to cause sweating for any disease. Mendocino Ind Febrifuge. Willow, common Infusion of bark taken for chills and fever. . . . . . . . . . Mendocino Ind Panacea. Willow, common Infusion of bark taken to cause sweating for any disease. SaliJ; lucida Salicaceae Micmac Hemostat. Squaw bush Bark used to stop bleeding; also, used to treat asthma. Micmac Respiratory aid. Squaw bush Bark used to stop bleeding; also, used to treat asthma. Montagnais Analgesic. Infusion of leaves taken and poultice of bark applied for headache. Montagnais Other. Dried bark smoked as a substitute for tobacco. . ......... . Ojibwa Dermatological aid. Willow, shining Poultice of bark used to heal sores; also, applied to cuts to stop bleeding. Ojibwa Hemostat. Willow, shining Bark used on a cut to stop the bleeding. Penobscot Respiratory aid. Squaw bush Bark smoked to relieve asthma. SaliJ; nigra Salicaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Willow, black Infusion of bark taken to check bowels; also, infusion taken for fever. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Willow, black Decoction or infusion of bark used as wash for hair to make it grow. Cherokee Febrifuge. Willow, black Infusion of bark taken to check bowels; also, infusion taken for fever. Cherokee Other. Willow, black Bark used as a tonic; also used as a poultice. . : . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Genera

•

(62:245) (62:245) (62:245) (61:52) (61:52) (22:133) (71:465) . (5:21) (92:61) (60:53) (60:53) (84:22) (84:22) (84:22) (84:22) . (5:21) (16:331) (16:331) (16:331) (16:331) (16:331) (15:61) (15:61) (66:315) (66:315) (63:388) (63:388) (66:309) (35:61) (35:61) (35:61) (35:61)

429

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Salix

Table 1: Genera -Salix nigra Salicaceae

Cherokee Respiratory aid. Willow, black (35:61) Root chewed by ball players "for wind." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Throat aid. Willow, black (35:61) Infusion of inner bark taken for lost voice; root chewed for hoarseness. Cherokee Tonic. Willow, black (35:61) Bark used as a tonic; also used as a poultice. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Houma Blood medicine. Willow (68:60) Decoction of roots and bark taken for "feebleness" due to thin blood. Houma Febrifuge. Willow (68:60) Decoction of roots and bark taken for fever. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Carminative. Willow, black . (37:294) Compound decoction taken for coughs, phlegm, and gas on the stomach. Iroquois Cough medicine. Willow, black . (37:294) Compound decoction taken for coughs, phlegm, and gas on the stomach. Iroquois Throat aid. Willow, black (37:294) Used for abscesses in mouth and throat. No preparation or application given. Koasati Analgesic. Willow, black (79:13) Infusion of roots taken for headaches. Koasati Febrifuge. Willow, black (79:13) Cold infusion of roots taken for fevers. Koasati Gast-intestinal aid. Willow, black (79:13) Decoction of roots taken for dyspepsia. Salix pedicellaris Salicaceae Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. Willow, bog (63:388,389) Bark used to treat stomach trouble. Salix piperi Salicaceae Quileute Other. Willow Roots are rubbed on bodies of athletes in training. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (34:26) Salix pulchra Salicaceae Nunivak Eskimo Oral aid. Willow (59:325) Plant chewed for sore mouth. . . . . . . W. Eskimo Oral aid. Willow (44:17) Leaves chewed to help cure mouth sores. Salix pyrifolia Salicaceae Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. SALIX BALSAMIFERA Plant used for stomach troubles, fainting and trembling. (52:243) Ojibwa Sedative. SALIX BALSAMIFERA (52:243) Plant used for stomach troubles, fainting and trembling. Ojibwa Stimulant. SALIX BALSAMIFERA (52:243) Plant used for stomach troubles, fainting and trembling. Ojibwa Unspecified. SALIX BALSAMIFERA (52:243) Bark used for medicinal purposes. . . . . . . . . . Salix rotundifolia Salicaceae Nunivak Eskimo Analgesic. Willow (59:325) Infusion of leaves and bark used as an analgesic. Nunivak Eskimo Oral aid. Willow Plant chewed for sore mouth. (59:325) Salix scouleriana Salicaceae Bella Coola Dermatological aid. Willow (60:54) Folded inner bark inserted in knife cuts; also, used to heal incisions. Sanpoil Antidiarrheal. Willow, scouler (51:220) Decoction of roots taken to counteract diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . Salix sericea Salicaceae Iroquois Oral aid. Willow, silky Used for abscesses in mouth & throat. No preparation or application given. . . . . . . . . (37:294) Salix sitchensis Salicaceae Alaskan Eskimo Dermatological aid. Willow, Sitka Poultice of pounded bark applied to wounds. . . . . . . . . . . . (59:331) Karok Ceremonial medicine. Willow, veivet Roots and branches used in the World Renewal ceremony fire. (58:381) Klallam Tonic. Willow Decoction of peeled bark taken as a tonic. (34:26) Skagit Tonic. Willow Decoction of peeled bark taken as a tonic. (34:26) Salix sp. Salicaceae Alabama Febrifuge. Cold infusion of roots taken or used as a bath for fevers. ........... . (79:12) Chickasaw Analgesic. Roots used for headache or poultice of branches applied for severe headache. (79:12)

430

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Genera

Salix

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Salix I![J. Salicaceae Chickasaw Antidiarrheal. Decoction of roots taken for dysentery. Chickasaw Hemostat. Roots used for nosebleed. . . . . . . . . Chippewa Antidiarrheal. Willow Root taken alone or in compounds for dysentery. Chippewa Gast-intestinal aid. Willow Compound decoction of inner bark taken for indigestion. Comanche Eye medicine. Willow Stem ashes used to treat sore eyes. Costanoan Dermatological aid. Infusion of leaves used as a hair rinse. Leaves as a paste rubbed into the scalp for falling hair. Creek Antiemetic. Willow Compound infusion of root taken for fever with nausea and vomiting. Creek Antirheumatic - Ext. Willow Compound infusion of root used as a wash for rheumatism and swellings. Creek Antirheumatic - Int. Plant used for rheumatism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Creek Dermatological aid. Willow Compound infusion of root used as a wash for rheumatism and swellings. Creek Emetic. Plant used as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Creek Febrifuge. Willow Compound infusion of root taken for fever with nausea and vomiting. Creek Febrifuge. Roots used for fevers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Creek Gast-intestinal aid. Willow Compound infusion of root taken for malaria and biliousness. Creek Gast-intestinal aid. Roots used for biliousness. . . . . . . . . . . . Creek Kidney aid. Willow Compound infusion of root taken for dropsy. Creek Kidney aid. Decoction of roots taken or used as a bath for dropsy. Creek Misc disease remedy. Willow Compound infusion of root taken for malaria and biliousness. Creek Misc disease remedy. Roots used for malaria. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Creek Other. Willow Compound infusion of root taken for dropsy and "deer sickness." Creek Venereal aid. Willow Compound infusion of root taken to cure "the clap." . . . . . . . Iroquois Emetic. Willow Compound decoction taken to vomit during initial stages of consumption. Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Willow Compound decoction taken to vomit during initial stages of consumption. Kiowa Antirheumatic - Ext. Willow Infusion of leaves used as a wash for pneumonia and rheumatic aches. Kiowa Pulmonary aid. Willow Infusion of leaves used as a wash for pneumonia and rheumatic aches. Kiowa Toothache remedy. Willow Bark chewed for toothaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Klallam Throat aid. Willow Decoction of bark taken for sore throats and tuberculosis. Klallam Tuberculosis remedy. Willow Decoction of bark taken for sore throats and tuberculosis. Mahuna Blood medicine. SALIX WASHINGTONIA Willow, American Infusion of pounded leaves taken as a blood tonic. Micmac Dermatological aid. Poultice of bruised leaves used on sprains and bruises. Poultice of scraped root and spirits app1ied to bruises and sprains. Micmac Orthopedic aid. SALIX VULGARE Poultice of bruised leaves applied to sprains and bruises. Poultice of scraped root and spirits applied to sprains and broken bones. Montana Ind. Adjuvant. SALIX FLUVIATILIS Willow, narrow leaved Poles used for framework of "sweat tepee" for treating colds and rheumatism. Montana Ind. Antirheumatic - Ext. SALIX FLUVIATILIS Willow, narrow leaved Poles used for framework of "sweat tepee" for treating colds and rheumatism.

Genera

(79:12) (79:12) (21:342) (21:342) (10:524) (5:21) (5:21) (75:655) (75:655) (79:12) (75:655) (79:12) (75:655) (79:12) (75:655) (79:12) (75:655) (79:12) (75:655) (79:12) (75:655) (75:655) (37:294) (37:294) (85:19) (85:19) (85:19) (34:26) (34:26) (55:32) (66:317) (66:317) (66:317) (66:317) (3:22) (3:22)

•

431

Salix

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Salix sp. Salicaceae Montana Ind. Cold remedy. SALIX FLUVIATILIS Willow, narrow leaved Poles used for framework of "sweat tepee" for treating colds and rheumatism. .. (3:22) Nunivak Eskimo Analgesic. SALIX PULCHRA t Willow Infusion of leaves and bark used as an analgesic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (59:325) Omaha Ceremonial medicine. Willow Stems thrust in gashes on forearms of grieving young men at funeral ceremony. . (30:73,74) Omaha Ceremonial medicine. Plant used for the ritual of mourning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (28:322) Paiute Antidiarrheal. Willow Burned root taken as pills or infusion of burned stems taken for diarrhea. (81:133-136) Paiute Blood medicine. Willow (81:133-136) Decoction of root taken as a blood purifier. . Paiute Cathartic. Willow Decoction of woody stems taken as a physic. (81:133-136) Paiute Dermatological aid. Willow Powder from dried, pulverized roots applied to syphilitic or purulent sores. (81:133-136) Powder of dried stem bark applied to the infant's navel. . . . . . . . . . . . . (81:133-136) Paiute Diuretic. Willow Infusion of burned stems taken by adults & children for "failure to urinate." (81:133-136) Paiute Laxative. Willow Infusion of young twigs with salt taken as a laxative. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (81:133-136) Paiute Misc disease remedy. Willow Infusion of burned stems taken by adults & children for intestinal influenza. (81:133-136) Paiute Orthopedic aid. Willow Compound decoction of roots taken as a cure for lumbago. (81:133-136) Paiute Pediatric aid. Willow Infusion of burned stems given to children for diarrhea. (81:133-136) Infusion of burned stems taken by adults & children for "failure to urinate." (81:133-136) (81:133-136) Infusion of burned stems taken by adults & children for intestinal influenza. Powder of dried stem bark applied to infant's navel. (81:133-136) Paiute Tonic. Willow Decoction of root bark taken as a spring tonic. .. . (81:133-136) Paiute Venereal aid. Willow (81:133-136) Several species used in various ways to treat venereal disease. Penobscot Cold remedy. Willow Infusion of bark taken in large quantities for colds. ... (66:309) Shoshone Analgesic. Willow Decoction of root taken for stomachaches. . . . . . . (81:133-136) Shoshone Dermatological aid. Willow Decoction of leaves and twigs rubbed into the scalp to treat dandruff. (81:133-136) Shoshone Gast-intestinal aid. Willow Decoction of root taken for stomachaches. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (81:133-136) Shoshone Toothache remedy. Willow (81:133-136) Poultice of mashed roots applied to the gums to relieve toothaches. Shoshone Venereal aid. Willow (81:133-136) Several species used in various ways to treat venereal disease. Sikani Dermatological aid. Willow (60:54) Young willow chewed and saliva applied to sores. . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Analgesic. Willow (71:471) Decoction of plant as a wash to reduce pain & swelling, especially of feet. Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. Willow (71:471) Decoction of plant used as a wash for pain and swelling, especially of feet. Thompson Ind Orthopedic aid. Willow (71:471) Decoction of plant used as a wash for pain and swelling, especially of feet. W. Eskimo Antihemorrhagic. Willow (44:24) Decoction of leaves or bark taken for lung hemorrhage. W. Eskimo Oral aid. Willow (44:5,6) Decoction of inner bark used as a wash for mouth sores. W. Eskimo Pulmonary aid. Willow (44:24) Decoction of leaves or bark taken for lung hemorrhage. (44:5,6) Strong decoction of leaves or bark taken regularly for lung hemorrhage. W. Eskimo Throat aid. Willow Decoction of bark gargled for sore throat. . . . . . . . . . . (44:5,6) (44:23) Decoction of inner and outer bark gargled for sore throat. W. Eskimo Unspecified. Willow (44:43) Leaves eaten in early summer to protect against disease. Salsola kali Chenopodiaceae Navaho Dermatological aid. Saltwort Poultice of chewed plants applied to ant, bee and wasp stings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (23:44)

432

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Genera

Salsola

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Salsola kali Chenopodiaceae Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. SALSOLA PESTIFER Thistle, Russian (84:25) Infusion of plant ashes used internally and externally for smallpox. Navaho-Ramah Misc disease remedy. SALSOLA PESTIFER Thistle, Russian (84:25) Infusion of plant ashes taken & used externally for smallpox & influenza. Salvia apiana Lamiaceae Mahuna Gynecological aid. RAMONA POLYSTACHYA Salvia, American white Infusion of roots taken to heal internally & remove particles of afterbirth. . . . . . . . . . . (55:14) Salvia carnosa Lamiaceae Hopi Anticonvulsive. Sage Smoke blown in face or plant taken in a drink for epilepsy or faintness. . (88:33,91) Hopi Other. Sage (88:91) Plant used as a "deer medicine." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hopi Stimulant. Sage (88:91) Plant used as a medicine for an epileptic or faint person. Paiute Analgesic. Desert ramona (81:136,137) Decoction of leaf or stem taken or as wash, and fumes inhaled for headaches. (81:136,137) Decoction of leaf, and sometimes stem, taken for stomachaches or indigestion .. Paiute Cold remedy. Desert ramona (81:136,137) Compound of dried plant smoked for colds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (81:136,137) Compound poultice of crushed leaves applied for chest congestion from colds. (81:136,137) Decoction of leaf or stem taken & poultice applied for cough, cold, & fever. . (81:136,137) Infusion or simple/compound decoction of leaf, & sometimes stem, for colds. Paiute Cough medicine. Desert ramona (81:136,137) Decoction of leaf or stem taken & poultice applied for cough, cold, & fever. Paiute Ear medicine. Desert ramona (81:136,137) Decoction of leaf used as drops & poultice of leaf & stem used for earaches. Paiute Eye medicine. Desert ramona (81:136,137) Decoction of leaves used as an eyewash. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Febrifuge. Desert ramona (81:136,137) Decoction of leaf or stem taken & poultice applied for cough, cold, & fever. Paiute Gast-intestinal aid. Desert ramona (81:136,137) Decoction of leaf, and sometimes stem, taken for stomachaches or indigestion .. Paiute Herbal steam. Desert ramona (81:136,137) Decoction of leaf, and sometimes stem, used as herbal steam for headaches. Paiute Misc disease remedy. Desert ramona (81:136,137) Decoction·of leaf, and sometimes stem, taken for fevers and influenza. Paiute Other. Desert ramona (81:136,137) Poultice of boiled plant tops applied to swollen leg veins. . . . . . . . Paiute Pulmonary aid. Desert ramona (81:136,137) Compound poultice of crushed leaves applied for chest congestion from colds. (81:136,137) Decoction of leaves, and sometimes stems, taken for pneumonia. . Paiute Venereal aid. Desert ramona (81:136,137) Decoction of leaf, and sometimes stem, taken for venereal disease. Shoshone Analgesic. Desert ramona (81:136,137) Decoction of leaf, and sometimes stem, taken for stomachaches or indigestion .. Shoshone Cold remedy. Desert ramona (81:136,137) Infusion or decoction of leaves, and sometimes stems, taken for colds. Shoshone Gast-intestinal aid. Desert ramona (81:136,137) Decoction of leaf, and sometimes stem, taken for stomachaches or indigestion .. Shoshone Other. Desert ramona (81:136,137) Decoction of plant tops used as a wash for swollen leg veins. . . . . . . . . . Shoshone Pediatric aid. Desert ramona (81:136,137) Decoction of leaf or stem given & used as a wash for children's sore throat. Shoshone Throat aid. Desert ramona (81:136,137) Decoction of leaf or stem given & used as a wash for children's sore throat. Washoe Cold remedy. Desert ramona (81:136,137) Infusion or decoction of leaves, and sometimes stems, taken for colds. Washoe Respiratory aid. Desert ramona (81:136,137) Dried leaves smoked in a pipe to clear congested nasal passages. Salvia columbariae Lamiaceae Costanoan Eye medicine. (5:16) Gelatinous seeds placed in the eye to remove foreign objects. Costanoan Febrifuge. (5:16) Infusion of seeds taken to reduce fevers. . . . . . . . .. Kawaiisu Eye medicine. Chia (92:62) Seeds placed in the eye for irritation and inflammation. Mahuna Eye medicine. SALVIA COLUMBRIAE (55:54) Seeds placed under the eyelids while sleeping to remove sand particles.

Genera

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433

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Salvia

Table 1: Genera -Salvia dorrii Lamiace~ Kawaiisu Analgesic. Sage, blue Decoction of leaves used as a wash for headaches. Kawaiisu Gast-intestinal aid. Sage, blue Infusion of leaves taken for stomachaches. . . . . . Kawaiisu Witchcraft medicine. Sage, blue Plant thrown into the fire to keep away the ghosts. Salvia lyrata Lamiaceae Catawba Dermatological aid. Sage, lyre leafed Root salve applied to sores. .. Catawba Dermatological aid. Roots used as a salve for sores. Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Sage, blue Infusion taken to check bowels. Cherokee Cold remedy. Sage, blue Infusion taken as a laxative; taken for colds, coughs, and nervous debility. Cherokee Cough medicine. Sage, blue Infusion taken as a laxative; taken for colds, coughs, and nervous debility. Cherokee Diaphoretic. Sage, blue Syrup of leaves and honey taken for asthma; also, used as a mild diaphoretic. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Sage, blue Taken by weakly females and persons of phlegmatic habits. . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Laxative. Sage, blue Infusion taken as a laxative; taken for colds, coughs, and nervous debility. Cherokee Respiratory aid. Sage, blue Syrup of leaves and honey taken for asthma; also, used as a mild diaphoretic. Cherokee Sedative. Sage, blue Infusion taken as a laxative; taken for colds, coughs, and nervous debility. Cherokee Stimulant. Sage, blue Taken by weakly females and persons of phlegmatic habits. . . . . . . . . . Salvia melli/era Lamiaceae Costanoan Analgesic. Green leaves chewed for gas pains. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Poultice of heated leaves applied to the ear for earache pain. Costanoan Carminative. Green leaves chewed for gas pains. Costanoan Cough medicine. Decoction of plant taken for coughs. Costanoan Ear medicine. Poultice of heated leaves applied to the ear for earache pain. Costanoan Heart medicine. Infusion of green leaves taken for heart disorders. Costanoan Other. Decoction of plant used as a bath for paralysis. Costanoan Throat aid. Poultice of heated leaves applied to the neck for sore throats. Mahuna Cough medicine. AUDIBERTIAS STACHYOIDES Sage, American black Infusion of plant taken for chronic bronchial coughs. . . . . . . . . . . . . Mahuna Respiratory aid. AUDIBERTIAS STACHYOIDES Sage, American black Infusion of plant taken for chronic bronchial coughs. . . . . . . . . . . . . Salvia ojJicinalis Lamiaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Sage, garden Infusion taken to check bowels. Cherokee Cold remedy. Sage, garden Infusion taken as a laxative; taken for colds, coughs, and nervous debility. Cherokee Cough medicine. Sage, garden Infusion taken as a laxative; taken for colds, coughs, and nervous debility. Cherokee Diaphoretic. Sage, garden Syrup of leaves and honey taken for asthma; also, used as a mild diaphoretic. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Sage, garden Taken by weakly females and persons of phlegmatic habits. . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Laxative. Sage, garden Infusion taken as a laxative; taken for colds, coughs, and nervous debility. Cherokee Respiratory aid. Sage, garden Syrup of leaves and honey taken for asthma; also, used as a mild diaphoretic. Cherokee Sedative. Sage, garden Infusion taken as a laxative; taken for colds, coughs, and nervous debility. Cherokee Stimulant. Sage, garden Taken by weakly females and persons of phlegmatic habits. Mohegan Anthelmintic. Sage "Sage tea" taken as a vermifuge. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

434

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Genera

(92:62) (92:62) (92:62) . (79:55) . (67:191) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (5:16) (5:16) (5:16) (5:16) (5:16) (5:16) (5:16) (5:16) (55:19) (55:19) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (35:53) (78:75,132)

Salvia

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Salvia officinalis Lamiaceae Mohegan Panacea. Sage Fresh leaves chewed to benefit the entire body. Mohegan Tonic. Sage Green or dried leaves used to make a tonic. .. Salvia sp. Lamiaceae Rappahannock Misc disease remedy. Sage, garden Infusion of leaves given frequently to children for measles. Sambucus caerulea Caprifoliaceae Costanoan Cathartic. Decoction of leaves used as a purgative. Costanoan Cold remedy. Decoction of leaves used for new colds. . Karok Ceremonial medicine. SAMBUCUS GLAUCA Elderberry, blue Infusion of branches used as a wash for sick child in the Brush Dance. Karok Panacea. SAMBUCUS GLAUCA Elderberry, blue Infusion of branches used as a wash for sick child in the Brush Dance. Karok Pediatric aid. SAMBUCUS GLAUCA Elderberry, blue Infusion of branches used as a wash for sick child in the Brush Dance. Kawaiisu Analgesic. Elderberry Infusion of leaves and flowers used as steambath for headaches and colds. Kawaiisu Blood medicine. Elderberry Decoction of leaves used as a wash on limb affected by blood poisoning. Kawaiisu Cold remedy. Elderberry Infusion of leaves and flowers used as steambath for headaches and colds. Kawaiisu Diaphoretic. Elderberry Infusion of leaves and flowers used as steambath to cause perspiration. Kawaiisu Febrifuge. Elderberry Infusion of flowers taken for fevers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Kawaiisu Herbal steam. Elderberry Infusion of leaves and flowers used as steambath for headaches and colds. Infusion of leaves and flowers used as steambath to cause perspiration. Kawaiisu Misc disease remedy. Elderberry Infusion of flowers taken for measles. . . . . . . . . . . . . Klallam Antidiarrheal. SAMBUCUS GLAUCA Elderberry, blue Infusion of bark taken for diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Little Lake Antihemorrhagic. SAMBUCUS GLAUCA Elder, pale Decoction of plant taken to stop bleeding from the lungs in consumption. Little Lake Tuberculosis remedy. SAMBUCUS GLAUCA Elder, pale Decoction of plant taken to stop bleeding from the lungs in consumption. Luisenos Gynecological aid. SAMBUCUS GLAUCA Elderberry . Flowers used for female complaints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mendocino Ind Dermatological aid. SAMBUCUS GLAUCA Elder, pale Decoction of plant rubbed on sprains and bruises. . .. Mendocino Ind Febrifuge. SAMBUCUS GLAUCA Elder, pale Decoction of plant rubbed on the body for fevers. . . . . . . Mendocino Ind Orthopedic aid. SAMBUCUS GLAUCA Elder, pale Decoction of plant rubbed on sprains and bruises. . . . . . . Mendocino Ind Veterinary aid. SAMBUCUS GLAUCA Elder, pale Decoction of plant used as an antiseptic wash for itch and sores on animals. Potter Valley Disinfectant. SAMBUCUS GLAUCA Elder, pale Decoction of leaves used as an antiseptic wash. Potter Valley Emetic. SAMBUCUS GLAUCA Elder, pale Inner bark used as a strong emetic. . . . . . . . . Potter Valley Gast-intestinal aid. SAMBUCUS GLAUCA Elder, pale Decoction of plant taken for stomachaches. Quinault Emetic. SAMBUCUS GLAUCA Elderberry, blue Infusion of bark taken as an emetic. . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Toothache remedy. Elder, American Fresh bark used in hollow tooth to relieve aching. Yokia Disinfectant. SAMBUCUS GLAUCA Elder, pale Decoction of leaves used as an antiseptic wash. Yokia Emetic. SAMBUCUS GLAUCA Elder, pale Inner bark used as a strong emetic. . . . . . . . Yokia Gast-intestinal aid. SAMBUCUS GLAUCA Elder, pale Decoction of plant taken for stomachaches. Yuki Febrifuge. SAMBUCUS COERULEA Elderberry Infusion of flowers taken for fevers. . . . . . . . Sambucus canadensis Caprifoliaceae Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Elder Decoction taken for "summer complaint;" infusion of berry for rheumatism.

(78:75,132) (78:132) (69:33) (5:24) (5:24) (58:389) (58:389) (58:389) (92:62) (92:62) (92:62) (92:62) (92:62) (92:62) (92:62) (92:62) (34:47) (16:388) (16:388) (65:229) (16:388) (16:388) (16:388) (16:388) (16:388) (16:388) (16:388) (34:47) (71:474) (16:388) (16:388) (16:388) (18:46) . . . . . . ..

Genera

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(35:33)

435

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Sambucus

Table 1: Genera -Sambucus canadensis Caprifoliaceae Cherokee Burn -dressing. Elder Salve for burns and skin eruptions; also, infusion taken as tonic for boils. Cherokee Cathartic. Elder Used as a diuretic, a cathartic, and an emetic; also, taken for "dropsy." Cherokee Dermatological aid. Elder Salve for burns and skin eruptions; also, infusion taken as tonic for boils. Cherokee Diaphoretic. Elder Infusion of flowers taken to "sweat out fever." Cherokee Disinfectant. Elder Leaves used to wash sores to prevent infection. Cherokee Diuretic. Elder Used as a diuretic, a cathartic, and an emetic; also, taken for "dropsy." Cherokee Emetic. Elder Used as a diuretic, a cathartic, and an emetic; also, taken for "dropsy." Cherokee Kidney aid. Elder Used as a diuretic, a cathartic, and an emetic; also, taken for "dropsy." Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Elder Decoction taken for "summer complaint;" infusion of berry for rheumatism. Cherokee Pediatric aid. Elder Given for "light sickness among children;" also, taken for "dropsy." Chickasaw Analgesic. Elder, common Infusion of branches applied to head for severe headaches. Chippewa Emetic. Elderberry Infusion of roots taken as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . Choctaw Liver aid. Elder, common Decoction of seeds and roots taken for liver troubles. Creek Breast treatment. Elder, common Poultice of pounded roots applied to swollen breasts. Creek Gynecological aid. Elderberry Poultice of pounded root or skin of stalk applied to woman's swollen breast. Delaware-Okl Blood medicine. Elder Leaves and stems used as a blood purifier. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware-Okl Dermatological aid. Elder Poultice or salve of bark scrapings applied to wounds, sores, and swellings. Delaware-Okl Gast-intestinal aid. Elder Infusion of flowers given for infant's colic. Delaware-Okl Liver aid. Elder Leaves and stems used to treat jaundice. Delaware-Okl Pediatric aid. Elder Infusion of flower given to infants for colic. Fox Cathartic. Elder, common Inner bark of young shoots used as a diuretic and as a purgative. Fox Diuretic. Elder, common Inner bark of young shoots used as a diuretic and as a purgative. Fox Gynecological aid. Elder, common Infusion of bark used in extremely difficult cases of parturition. Fox Insecticide. Elder, common Inner bark of young shoots used as a repellant for flies and insects. Fox Pulmonary aid. Elder, common Root bark used to free lungs of phlegm. . . . . . . . . . . Houma Analgesic. Elder Decoction of bark used as a wash for pain and swelling. Houma Dermatological aid. Elder Decoction of bark used as a wash for pain and swelling. Houma Tonic. Elder Wine made from berries taken as a tonic. Iroquois Analgesic. Elderberry Poultice of bark applied for headaches. . . Iroquois Cathartic. Elderberry Decoction of bark taken as a physic. Infusion of blossoms given to babies as a physic. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Elderberry Compound poultice of plants and leaves applied to swellings of all kinds. Compound poultice of powdered roots & bark applied to baby's unhealed navel. Poultice of bark applied to cuts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Emetic. Elderberry Infusion of bark taken as a spring emetic and to vomit up gall. Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Elderberry Plant used for stomach troubles. No preparation or application indicated.

436

•

Genera

(35:33) (35:33) (35:33) (35:33) (35:33) (35:33) (35:33) (35:33) (35:33) (35:33) (79:58) (31:142) (79:58) (79:58) (75:661) · (77:26,78) · (77:26,78) · (77:26,78) (77:26) (77:26) (62:207) (62:207) (62:207) (62:207) (62:207) (68:60) (68:60) (68:60) (37:448) (37:449) (37:449) (37:448) (37:448) (37:449) (37:449) (37:450)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Sambucus

Table 1: Genera - Sambucus canadensis Caprifoliaceae Iroquois Heart medicine. Elderberry Infusion of pith taken for heart disease. Iroquois Kidney aid. Elderberry Decoction of bark taken for the kidneys. Iroquois Laxative. Elderberry Compound decoction of twigs given to children as a laxative. Infusion of bark taken as a laxative. Iroquois Liver aid. Elderberry Infusion of bark taken to vomit up gall. Iroquois Misc disease remedy. Elderberry Compound decoction of plants taken for diphtheria. Infusion of bark taken for the measles. . . . . . . . . Infusion of berries taken and poultice applied to swellings caused by mumps. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Elderberry Compound decoction of twigs given to children as a laxative. . . . . . . . . . . Compound poultice of powdered roots & bark applied to baby's unhealed navel. Infusion of blossoms given to babies as a physic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Venereal aid. Elderberry Compound infusion used as wash on parts affected by venereal disease. Decoction of pith taken for gonorrhea. . . , Menominee Febrifuge. Elderberry, common Infusion of dried flowers used as a febrifuge. Micmac Cathartic. Elder tree Berries, bark, and flower used as a purgative; bark used as a physic. Micmac Emetic. Elder tree Berries, bark, and flower used as a purgative; bark used as an emetic. Micmac Sedative. Elder tree Berries, bark, and flower used as a soporific and as a purgative. Mohegan Cathartic. Elder Infusion of bark, scraped downward as physic and scraped upward as emetic. Mohegan Emetic. Elder Infusion of bark, scraped downward as physic and scraped upward as emetic. Inner bark used as an emetic when scraped upward. Mohegan Gast-intestinal aid. Elder Infusion of dried flowers given to infants to cure colic. Infusion of flowers given to babies with colic. . . . . . Mohegan Laxative. Elder Inner bark used as a laxative when scraped downward. Mohegan Pediatric aid. Elder Infusion of dried flowers given to infants to cure colic. Rappahannock Antirheumatic - Int. Elder Fermented decoction of berries taken for "rheumatism" (neuritis). Rappahannock Dermatological aid. Elder Compound infusion with bark for swellings and sores. Thompson Ind Toothache remedy. Elder, American Fresh bark used in hollow tooth to relieve aching. Sambucus melanocarpa Caprifoliaceae Paiute Antidiarrheal. Elderberry Dried ripe berries eaten or decoction of root taken to stop diarrhea. Paiute Cold remedy. Elderberry Decoction of flowers taken for colds and coughs. Paiute Cough medicine. Elderberry Decoction of flowers taken for colds and coughs. Paiute Dermatological aid. Elderberry Poultice of boiled, mashed root applied to cuts and wounds. Poultice of leaves applied to bruises. . . . . . . . . . . . . Paiute Gynecological aid. Elderberry Poultice of boiled, mashed root applied to caked breasts. Paiute Hemostat. Elderberry Poultice of bruised leaves applied to stop the flow of blood from wounds. Paiute Pediatric aid. Elderberry Decoction of flowers given to children as a spring tonic. Paiute Tonic. Elderberry Decoction of blossoms given to children as a spring tonic. Shoshone Antidiarrheal. Elderberry Decoction of root taken to stop dysentery. Shoshone Blood medicine. Elderberry Decoction of root taken as a blood tonic. Shoshone Cold remedy. Elderberry Decoction of blossoms taken for tuberculosis, colds, and coughs.

Genera

(37:450) (37:449) (37:448) (37:449) (37:450) (37:450) (37:448) (37:450) (37:448) (37:448) (37:449) (37:448) (37:449) (61:27) (15:61) (15:61) (15:61) (76:265) (76:265) (78:75,132) (78:75,132) . . (76:265) (78:75,132) (78:75,132) (69:33) (69:34) (71:474) (81:137,138) (81:137,138) (81:137,138) (81:137,138) (81:137,138) (81:137,138) (81:137,138) (81:137,138) (81:137,138) (81:137,138) (81:137,138) (81:137,138)

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437

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Sambucus

Table 1: Genera -Sambucus melanacarpa Caprifoliaceae Shoshone Cough medicine. Elderberry Decoction of blossoms taken for tuberculosis, colds, and coughs. Shoshone Tuberculosis remedy. Elderberry Decoction of blossoms taken for tuberculosis, colds, and coughs. Sambucus mexicana Caprifoliaceae Pima Cold remedy. Elderberry Decoction of flowers taken for stomachaches, colds and sore throats. Pima Febrifuge. Elderberry Infusion of dried flowers taken to reduce fevers. . . . . . . . . . . . . Pima Gast-intestinal aid. Elderberry Decoction of flowers taken for stomachaches, colds and sore throats. Pima Throat aid. Elderberry Decoction of flowers taken for stomachaches, colds and sore throats. Sambucus neomexicana Caprifoliaceae Navaho-Kayenta Disinfectant. Plant used for lightning infection. . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Kayenta Veterinary aid. Plant used for livestock with lightning infection. Sambucus nigra Caprifoliaceae Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Elder Decoction taken for "summer complaint;" infusion of berry for rheumatism. Cherokee Burn dressing. Elder Salve for burns and skin eruptions; also, infusion taken as tonic for boils. Cherokee Cathartic. Elder Used as a diuretic, a cathartic, and an emetic; also, taken for "dropsy." Cherokee Dermatological aid. Elder Salve for burns and skin eruptions; also, infusion taken as tonic for boils. Cherokee Diaphoretic. Elder Infusion of flowers taken to "sweat out fever." Cherokee Disinfectant. Elder Leaves used to wash sores to prevent infection. Cherokee Diuretic. Elder Used as a diuretic, a cathartic, and an emetic; also, taken for "dropsy." Cherokee Emetic. Elder Used as a diuretic, a cathartic, and an emetic; also, taken for "dropsy." Cherokee Kidney aid. Elder Used as a diuretic, a cathartic, and an emetic; also, taken for "dropsy." Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Elder Decoction taken for "summer complaint;" infusion of berry for rheumatism. Cherokee Pediatric aid. Elder Given for "light sickness among children;" also, taken for "dropsy." .. Sambucus pubens Caprifoliaceae Bella Coola Analgesic. SAMBUCUS RACEMOSA Elder, red fruited Infusion of roots used as emetic and purgative for pain in the stomach. Bella Coola Cathartic. SAMBUCUS RACEMOSA Elder, red fruited Infusion of root bark used, or root bark chewed, as emetic and purgative. Bella Coola Emetic. SAMBUCUS RACEMOSA Elder, red fruited Infusion of root bark used, or root bark chewed, as emetic and purgative. Bella Coola Gast-intestinal aid. SAMBUCUS RACEMOSA Elder, red fruited Infusion of roots used as emetic and purgative for pain in the stomach. Cowlitz Orthopedic aid. SAMBUCUS CALLICARPA Elderberry, red Poultice of leaves or bark applied to sore joints to reduce the swelling. Gitksan Cathartic. SAMBUCUS RACEMOSA Elder, red fruited Infusion of root bark taken as an emetic and purgative. Gitksan Emetic. SAMBUCUS RACEMOSA Elder, red fruited Infusion of root bark taken as an emetic and purgative. Kwakiutl Emetic. SAMBUCUS RACEMOSA Elderberry, red Root extract taken to induce vomiting. . . . . . . . . . Kwakiutl Gynecological aid. SAMBUCUS RACEMOSA Elderberry, red Infusion of bark used as steambath to relax body of woman after childbirth. Kwakiutl Herbal steam. SAMBUCUS RACEMOSA Elderberry, red Infusion of bark used as steambath to relax body of woman after childbirth. Kwakiutl Orthopedic aid. SAMBUCUS RACEMOSA Elderberry, red Compound infusion of bark used as a footbath for aching legs and feet. Mahuna Misc disease remedy. Elderberry, American Blossoms used for the measles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Makah Dermatological aid. SAMBUCUS CALLICARPA Elderberry, red Poultice of pounded leaves applied to an abscess or boil. . . . . . Menominee Antidote. SAMBUCUS RACEMOSA Elder, European red Decoction of scraped inner bark used as a quick emetic in cases of poisoning.

438

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Genera

(81:137,138) (81:137,138) (17:75) (17:75) (17:75) (17:75) (91:43) (91:43) (35:33) (35:33) (35:33) (35:33) (35:33) (35:33) (35:33) (35:33) (35:33) (35:33) (35:33) (60:64) (60:64) (60:64) (60:64) (34:47) (60:64) (60:64) (82:280) (82:280) (82:280) (82:280) (55:10) (34:47) (22:131)

Sambucus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Sambucus pubens Caprifoliaceae Menominee Cathartic. SAMBUCUS RACEMOSA Elderberry, red Decoction of peeled twigs taken for severe constipation; a drastic purgative. · (61:27,28) Menominee Emetic. SAMBUCUS RACEMOSA Elder, European red · . (22:131) Decoction of scraped inner bark used as a quick emetic in cases of poisoning. Menominee Emetic. SAMBUCUS RACEMOSA Elderberry, red · (61:27,28) Decoction of inner bark and rind taken as a powerful emetic. Micmac Emetic. SAMBUCUS RACEMOSA Elder, red berried (15:61) Herbs used as an "emetic (with round wood)." . . . . . . . . . N Carrier Cathartic. SAMBUCUS RACEMOSA Elder, red fruited (60:64) Decoction of root taken as a purgative, second brewing only. Ojibwa Cathartic. SAMBUCUS RACEMOSA Elderberry, red (63:360,361) Decoction of inner bark taken as emetic or cathartic; considered dangerous. Ojibwa Emetic. SAMBUCUS RACEMOSA Elderberry, red (63:360,361) Decoction of inner bark taken as emetic or cathartic; considered dangerous. Ojibwa Unspecified. SAMBUCUS RACEMOSA Elder, red berried (52:237) Infusion of roots used as a medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Okanagan Antirheumatic - Int. SAMBUCUS RACEMOSA Elderberry (48:42) Plant used for rheumatism and erysipelas. . ...... . Okanagan Dermatological aid. SAMBUCUS RACEMOSA Elderberry (48:42) Plant used for rheumatism and erysipelas. . . . . . . . . . . . Okanagan Toothache remedy. SAMBUCUS RACEMOSA Elderberry (48:42) Bark placed in the hollow of a tooth for toothaches. Porno Dermatological aid. SAMBUCUS RACEMOSA Elderberry (27:15) Decoction of roots used as a lotion on open sores and cuts. Potawatomi Cathartic. SAMBUCUS RACEMOSA Elder, red berried (64:46) Infusion of inner bark taken as a physic; also, taken as an emetic. Potawatomi Emetic. SAMBUCUS RACEMOSA Elder, red berried (64:46) Infusion of stem bark taken as a strong emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . Quinault Gynecological aid. SAMBUCUS CALLICARPA Elderberry, red (34:47) Decoction of bark applied to breast after childbirth to start milk flow. S Carrier Cathartic. SAMBUCUS RACEMOSA Elder, red fruited (60:64) Decoction of root taken twice a day as a purgative. .. Sikani Cathartic. SAMBUCUS RACEMOSA Elder, red fruited (60:64) Decoction of bark taken as a purgative. . . . . . . . . . Squaxin Blood medicine. SAMBUCUS CALLICARPA Elderberry, red (34:47) Infusion of leaves used as a wash on area infected with blood poisoning. Squaxin Disinfectant. SAMBUCUS CALLICARPA Elderberry, red (34:47) Infusion of leaves used as a wash on area infected with blood poisoning. Thompson Ind Antirheumatic - Int. SAMBUCUS RACEMOSA Elderberry (48:42) Plant used for rheumatism and erysipelas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Dermatological aid. SAMBUCUS RACEMOSA Elderberry (48:42) Plant used for rheumatism and erysipelas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Toothache remedy. SAMBUCUS RACEMOSA Elderberry (48:42) Bark placed in the hollow of a tooth for toothaches. . . . . . . . . Sambucus sp. Caprifoliaceae Choctaw Dermatological aid. SAMBUCUS INTERMEDIA (79:59) Poultice of beaten leaves applied to swollen hands. Choctaw Gast-intestinal aid. SAMBUCUS INTERMEDIA Decoction of root taken for dyspepsia. (79:59) Choctaw Urinary aid. SAMBUCUS INTERMEDIA Decoction of root taken for bladder troubles. (79:59) Houma Analgesic. SAMBUCUS INTERMEDIA Elder Decoction of bark used as a wash for pain and swelling. (68:60) Houma Dermatological aid. SAMBUCUS INTERMEDIA Elder Decoction of bark used as a wash for pain and swelling. (68:60) Houma Tonic. SAMBUCUS INTERMEDIA Elder Wine made from berries taken as a tonic. . . . . . . (68:60) Paiute Emetic. SAMBUCUS TRIDENTATA Antelope brush Infusion of leaves taken as an emetic and laxative. (73:317) Paiute Laxative. SAMBUCUS TRIDENTATA Antelope brush Infusion of leaves taken as an emetic and laxative. (73:317) Sambucus velutina Caprifoliaceae Paiute Antidiarrheal. Elderberry Infusion of dried flowers taken to cure diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (81:138) Sanguinaria canadensis Papaveraceae Algonquian Ind Love medicine. SANQUINARIA CANADENSIS Bloodroot Cherokee Cough medicine. Bloodroot Decoction of root in small doses & infusion with broomsedge used for coughs. . . . . . . . (35:26)

Genera

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439

Sanguinaria

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Sanguinaria canadensis Papaveraceae

Cherokee Dermatological aid. Bloodroot Used as wash for ulcers & sores; also, infusion with vinegar for tetterworm. Cherokee Nose medicine. Bloodroot Used as "snuff for polypus." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Bloodroot Decoction of root taken in small doses for lung inflammations and croup. Cherokee Respiratory aid. Bloodroot Pulverized root sniffed for catarrh. . . . . . . . Chippewa Analgesic. Bloodroot Compound decoction of root taken for cramps. Chippewa Gast-intestinal aid. Bloodroot Compound decoction of root taken for stomach cramps. Delaware-Okl Gast-intestinal aid. Bloodroot Compound containing root used as a "stomach remedy." Delaware-Ok! Other. Bloodroot Root used as a ceremonial face paint. Delaware-Okl Panacea. Bloodroot Piece of root eaten daily "for general debility." Delaware-Ok! Tonic. Bloodroot Root used in a tonic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Delaware-Ont Antiemetic. Bloodroot Infusion of powdered root taken to stop vomiting. Delaware-Ont Blood medicine. Bloodroot Compound containing root taken as a blood purifier. Fox Adjuvant. Bloodroot Added to other medicines to strengthen their effect. Fox Analgesic. Bloodroot Root chewed and spittle applied to burns to relieve the pain. Fox Burn dressing. Bloodroot Infusion of root as a wash for burns; root chewed, spittle on burns for pain. Iroquois Analgesic. Bloodroot Infusion of roots taken for inside pain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Anthelmintic. Bloodroot Compound infusion of roots and whisky taken as blood remedy & for tape worms. Iroquois Antidiarrheal. Bloodroot Compound infusion of plants taken for upset stomach, vomiting, and diarrhea. Iroquois Antiemetic. Bloodroot Compound infusion of plants taken for upset stomach, vomiting, and diarrhea. Iroquois Antihemorrhagic. Bloodroot Infusion of roots taken for hemorrhages in the stomach and in lumps. Iroquois Blood medicine. Bloodroot Compound infusion of roots taken as a blood purifier. . . . . . . . . . Compound infusion of roots taken to purify the blood and loosen the bowels. Infusion of branches taken as a blood tonic, "don't vomit." Iroquois Carminative. Bloodroot Compound decoction of roots taken for gas on the stomach. Iroquois Cold remedy. Bloodroot Decoction or infusion of roots taken for colds. Dried plant used as a snuff for head colds and catarrh. Plant is chewed for colds, sore throats, sores and cuts. Iroquois Cough medicine. Bloodroot Compound infusion of roots and liquor taken as consumption cough medicine. Decoction of powdered roots or infusion of roots taken for coughs. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Bloodroot Decoction of roots taken for swellings above the waist, wounds and sores. Infusion of mashed roots taken or poultice applied to cuts or poison ivy. Infusion of split root used as a wash for cuts and boils. Plant is chewed for colds, sore throats, sores and cuts. Plant juice taken as a wound medicine. . . . . . . . . . Poultice of cooked roots applied to cuts and wounds. . Poultice of plants applied for drawing thorns and slivers or on leg sores. Iroquois Emetic. Bloodroot Decoction of branches or infusion of roots taken as a spring emetic. Iroquois Eye medicine. Bloodroot Decoction of powdered root used as a wash for sore eyes. . . . . . . Iroquois Febrifuge. Bloodroot Infusion of plants or decoction of roots or powdered roots taken for fevers. Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Bloodroot Compound decoction of bark taken to clean the stomach and for ulcers. . Compound infusion of plants taken for upset stomach, vomiting, and diarrhea.

440

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Genera

(35:26) (35:26) (35:26) (35:26) · (21:344) · (21:344) · (77:32,80) · (77:32,80) · (77:32,80) ..

(77:80)

· (77:68,82) · (77:68,82) · (62:234) · (62:234) · (62:234) · (37:335) · (37:338) · (37:336) (37:336) (37:335) · (37:337) · (37:336) · (37:336) (37:336) (37:337) (37:335) (37:338) (37:336) (37:337) (37:338) (37:336) (37:337) (37:338) (37:336) · (37:337) · (37:336) · (37:336) (37:337) (37:337) (37:338) (37:336)

Sanguinaria

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - Sanguinaria canadensis Papaveraceae Iroquois Gast-intestinal aid. Bloodroot Oompound taken for intestinal trouble. No preparation indicated. . . . . . . . . . Decoction of dried roots taken for ulcers or for women that are ugly. . . . . . . . Decoction of smashed roots taken for cramps in the stomach and for hiccoughs .. Infusion of roots taken for hemorrhages in the stomach and in lumps. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Bloodroot Infusion of plant taken for bleeding lungs or for menses. . . . . . . . . Iroquois Heart medicine. Bloodroot Oompound decoction of roots taken to regulate the heart & makes blood redder. Iroquois Hemorrhoid remedy. Bloodroot Decoction of roots used to push piles back into intestines. . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Hemostat. Bloodroot Decoction of roots applied to stop the bleeding from axe cuts on the foot. Iroquois Kidney aid. Bloodroot Oompound decoction of roots taken for fevers or for the kidneys. Iroquois Laxative. Bloodroot Oompound infusion or decoction of roots taken to loosen the bowels. Iroquois Liver aid. Bloodroot Oompound infusion of roots taken as a gall medicine. . ....... . Iroquois Other. Bloodroot Oold infusion of roots taken for sickness caught from a menstruating girl. Decoction of smashed roots taken for cramps in the stomach and for hiccoughs .. Iroquois Panacea. Bloodroot Oompound decoction of roots taken as a panacea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Pediatric aid. Bloodroot Oompound infusion of roots taken for prenatal strength or as blood purifier. Iroquois Pulmonary aid. Bloodroot Infusion of plant taken for bleeding lungs or for menses. Iroquois Respiratory aid. Bloodroot Decoction of roots taken for asthma. . . . . . . . . . . . Dried plant used as a snuff for head colds and catarrh. Iroquois Throat aid. Bloodroot Plant is chewed or poultice applied for sore throats. Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Bloodroot Oompound infusion of roots and liquor taken as consumption cough medicine. Infusion or decoction of mashed roots taken for tuberculosis. . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Venereal aid. Bloodroot Oold infusion or decoction of smashed roots taken for gonorrhea and syphilis. Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Bloodroot Smoke from plant used as a wash for a person who has seen a dead person. Menominee Abortifacient. Bloodroot Oompound decoction of root used as a remedy for irregular periods. Menominee Adjuvant. Bloodroot Root is often added to medicines to strengthen their effect. . . . . . Micmac Dermatological aid. SANGUINARIA CANDENSIS Bloodroot Roots used to treat consumption with hemorrhage; also, infected cuts. Micmac Hemostat. SANGUINARIA CANDENSIS Bloodroot Roots used to treat hemorrhages; also, used to prevent bleeding. Micmac Tuberculosis remedy. SANGUINARIA CANDENSIS Bloodroot Roots used to treat consumption with hemorrhage; also, infected cuts. Mohegan Blood medicine. Bloodroot Infusion of inner bark of dried root taken as a blood purifier. Infusion of plant used as a blood medicine and as an emetic. Mohegan Emetic. Bloodroot Infusion of plant used as a blood medicine and as an emetic. Mohegan Tonic. Bloodroot Leaves used to make a tonic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ojibwa Analgesic. Dill Plant used for stomach pain, fainting and trembling in fits. Ojibwa Anticonvulsive. Dill Plant used for trembling in fits; or infusion of leaves taken for fits. Ojibwa Antirheumatic - Ext. Dill Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for general illnesses and rheumatism .. Ojibwa Blood medicine. Dill Leaf infusion taken as blood medicine; bark decoction used for blood disease. . Ojibwa Oeremonial medicine. Bloodroot Juice used as face paint for the medicine lodge ceremony or when on warpath. Ojibwa Dermatological aid. Dill Poultice of plant applied or root infusion taken & as wash for sores & cuts. ..

Genera

(37:338) (37:338) (37:336) (37:335) (37:335) (37:337) (37:337) (37:336) (37:337) (37:336) (37:337) (37:335) (37:336) (37:337) (37:337) (37:335) (37:338) (37:335) (37:338) (37:336) (37:336) (37:335) (37:336) (22:133) (61:44) (15:61) (15:61) (15:61) (78:75,132) (76:264) (76:264) (78:132) (52:231) (52:231) (52:231) (52:231) (63:377) (52:231)

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441

Sanguinaria

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Sanguinaria canadensis Papaveraceae

Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. Dill Decoction or infusion of plants taken for stomach or bowel troubles. Ojibwa Hemostat. Dill Infusion of roots taken and used as a wash for bleeding foot cuts. . Ojibwa Laxative. Dill Decoction of plants taken for sick stomach, bowels or for constipation. Ojibwa Panacea. Dill Infusion of pounded plants used as a wash for general illnesses. Ojibwa Stimulant. Dill Infusion of leaves taken for fainting, fits and as a blood medicine. . Ojibwa Throat aid. Bloodroot Root juice on maple sugar used to cure sore throat. Ojibwa Venereal aid. Dill Infusion of root bark taken for gonorrhea. . . . . . . Penobscot Other. Bloodroot Bits of dried root worn as a necklace to prevent bleeding. Ponca Love medicine. Bloodroot Root rubbed on palm of bachelor as a love charm. Potawatomi Misc disease remedy. Bloodroot Infusion of root used to cure diptheria, considered a throat disease. Potawatomi Throat aid. Bloodroot Root juice squeezed on maple sugar as throat lozenge for mild sore throat. Sanicula canadensis Apiaceae Chippewa Abortifacient. Snakeroot, bur Decoction of powdered root taken for "stoppage of periods." Chippewa Gynecological aid. Snakeroot, bur Compound decoction of root taken during confinement. Houma Heart medicine. Cane head Hot decoction of root taken for heart trouble. . . . . . . Sanicula gregaria Apiaceae Fox Dermatological aid. Snakeroot, clustered Plant used as an astringent; also, used to stop nosebleed. Fox Hemostat. Snakeroot, clustered Steam of burning plant on hot stones inhaled to stop nosebleed. Menominee Witchcraft medicine. Snakeroot, clustered Root thought to be used by sorcerers for evil purpose. . . . . . . Sanicula mariJandica Apiaceae Iroquois Antidote. Sanicle Compound decoction of plants taken to vomit to counteract a poison. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Sanicle Decoction of roots used as a wash and given to children with sore navels. Iroquois Emetic. Sanicle Compound decoction of plants taken to vomit to counteract a poison. Iroquois Kidney aid. Sanicle Decoction of plants taken for dropsy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Laxative. Sanicle Compound decoction of roots taken for venereal disease or to loosen bowels. Iroquois Pediatric aid. Sanicle Decoction of roots used as a wash and given to children with sore navels. Iroquois Venereal aid. Sanicle Compound decoction of roots taken for venereal disease or to loosen bowels. Menominee Witchcraft medicine. Snakeroot, black Root thought to be used by sorcerers for evil purposes. . . . . . . . . Micmac Abortifacient. Snakeroot, black Roots used to treat irregular menstruation; also, for menstrual pain. Micmac Analgesic. Snakeroot, black Roots used to treat irregular menstruation; also, for menstrual pain. Micmac Antirheumatic - Int. Snakeroot, black Roots used to treat kidney trouble; also, used for rheumatism. . . . . Micmac Gynecological aid. Snakeroot, black Roots used to treat menstrual pain; also, used to treat slow parturition. Micmac Kidney aid. Snakeroot, black Roots used to treat kidney trouble; also, used for rheumatism. Micmac Snake bite remedy. Snakeroot, black Roots used as a snake bite remedy; also, used for rheumatism. Ojibwa Febrifuge. Snakeroot, black Infusion of root used to cure various fevers. . . . . . . . . . . . . Ojibwa Snake bite remedy. Snakeroot, black Poultice of pounded root applied to cure rattlesnake bite, or any snake bite.

442

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Genera

. (52:231) . (52:231) (52:231) (52:231) (52:231) (63:377,378) (52:231) (66:311) (30:83) (64:68) (64:68) (21:358) (21:360) (68:64) (62:250) (62:250) (61:56) (37:397) (37:396) (37:397) (37:396) (37:396) (37:396) (37:396) (61:55) (15:61) (15:61) (15:61) (15:61) (15:61) (15:61) (63:391) (63:391)

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Sanicula

Table 1: Genera -SanicuJa smallii Apiaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Snakeroot, black Infusion with pink lady's slipper for stomach cramps; infusion for colic. Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. Snakeroot, black Infusion with pink lady's slipper taken for stomach cramps and colic. Cherokee Orthopedic aid. Snakeroot, black Used as a liniment; also, infusion taken for colic. . .......... . Sanvitalia aberti Asteraceae Navaho Diaphoretic. Plant used to increase perspiration. Navaho Oral aid. Plant chewed for sores in the mouth. Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Cold infusion of leaves taken and used as lotion for fever and headache. Compound decoction used to treat menstrual pain. . Navaho-Ramah Cold remedy. Chewed leaves swallowed to treat sore throat or cold. Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Poultice of chewed leaves or infusion of leaves applied to skin sores. Navaho-Ramah Febrifuge. Cold infusion of leaves taken and used as lotion for fever and headache. Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. Compound decoction of plant used for menstrual pain. .. . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Oral aid. Warm infusion used as mouthwash and leaves chewed for canker sores. Navaho-Ramah Other. Plant used as "life medicine." . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Snake bite remedy. Compound decoction of plant used for snake bite. Navaho-Ramah Throat aid. Chewed leaves swallowed to treat sore throat or cold. Navaho-Ramah Toothache remedy. Leaves chewed for toothache. . . . . . . . . . . . Sapindus drummondii Sapindaceae Kiowa Dermatological aid. Drummond's soap berry Poultice of sap applied to wounds. Saponaria officinalis Caryophyllaceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Bouncing bet Used as a poultice for boils. . ................... . Mahuna Analgesic. SAPONARIA OFFICIANALIS Soapwort, American Poultice of leaves applied to pain of the spleen. . . . . . . . . Mahuna Dermatological aid. SAPONARIA OFFICIANALIS Soapwort, American Root juice used as a hair tonic. . ..................... . Sarcobatus vermicuJatus Chenopodiaceae Cheyenne Blood medicine. Greasewood Sharpened stick used to draw out bad blood. Cheyenne Ceremonial medicine. Greasewood Sharpened stick used in acupuncture ceremony. Cheyenne Veterinary aid. Greasewood Stick used to make holes in horse's shoulder for sprained or bruised legs. Hopi Ceremonial medicine. SARCOBATUS VERMICULARIS Plant used for kiva fuel. . Navaho Dermatological aid. Plant used for insect bites. Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. Greasewood Warm infusion of leaves taken to kill a swallowed red ant. Paiute Antidiarrheal. Greasewood Infusion of burned plant taken to stop diarrhea. Paiute Antihemorrhagic. Greasewood Infusion of burned plant taken to stop rectal bleeding. Sarracenia purpurea Sarraceniaceae Iroquois Dietary aid. Pitcher plant Plant used as a medicine for thirst. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Febrifuge. Pitcher plant Compound decoction of leaves taken for recurring chills followed by fever. Infusion of dried leaves taken for high fever and shakiness. Iroquois Liver aid. Pitcher plant Compound infusion of whole roots taken for liver sickness. Iroquois Love medicine. Pitcher plant Powdered plant sprinkled on person for a love and lacrosse medicine.

Genera

(35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (23:88) (23:88) (84:53) (84:53) (84:53) (84:53) (84:53) (84:53) (84:53) (84:53) (84:53) (84:53) (84:53) (85:41) (35:26) (55:40) (55:40) (36:17) (36:17) (36:17) (24:18) (23:97) (84:25) (81:138,139) (81:138,139) (37:342) (37:342) (37:342) (37:343) (37:343)

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443

Sarracenia

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Sarracenia purpurea Sarraceniaceae Iroquois Other. Pitcher plant Powdered plant sprinkled on person for a love and lacrosse medicine. Used as a "basket medicine." No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Pulmonary aid. Pitcher plant Cold decoction of whole plant taken for whooping cough. . . . . . . Plant used for pneumonia. No preparation or application indicated. Menominee Witchcraft medicine. Pitcher plant Plant thought to be used by sorcerers; exact use unspecified. . ... Micmac Antihemorrhagic. Indian cup Strong decoction of root taken for "spitting blood" and pulmonary complaints. Micmac Antihemorrhagic. Pitcher plant Herbs used to treat persons who are spitting blood; also, for consumption. Micmac Kidney aid. Pitcher plant Herbs used to treat kidney trouble; also, used to treat consumption. Micmac Misc disease remedy. Pitcher plant Roots used to treat smallpox; also, herbs used to treat consumption. Micmac Pulmonary aid. Indian cup Decoction of root taken for "spitting blood and other pulmonary complaints." Micmac Throat aid. SARRACENA PURPUREA Pitcher plant Infusion of root taken for sore throat. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Micmac Tuberculosis remedy. Pitcher plant Herbs used to treat persons who are spitting blood; also, for consumption. Montagnais Misc disease remedy. Pitcher plant Infusion of leaves used as medicine for smallpox. .. . . . . . . . . Ojibwa Gynecological aid. Pitcher plant Infusion of root used "to help a woman accomplish parturition." Penobscot Antihemorrhagic. Pitcher plant Infusion of plant taken to treat "spitting up blood." Penobscot Kidney aid. Pitcher plant Infusion of plant "supposedly" taken for kidney trouble. Potawatomi Gynecological aid. Pitcher plant Foliage used to make a "squaw remedy." ........ . Sassafras albidum Lauraceae Cherokee Anthelmintic. Sassafras Infusion of bark used as a wash or given to children with worms. Used as a wash for sore eyes; also, compound taken for worms. Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Sassafras Infusion of root bark taken for diarrhea; also, taken for colds. Cherokee Antirheumatic - Int. Sassafras Infusion taken to purify blood; also, taken for rheumatism. Cherokee Blood medicine. Sassafras Infusion taken to purify blood; also, taken for rheumatism. Cherokee Cold remedy. Sassafras Infusion of root bark taken for diarrhea; also, taken for colds. Cherokee Dermatological aid. Sassafras Taken for skin diseases; also, used to poultice wounds and sores. Cherokee Dietary aid. Sassafras Infusion of bark taken for "overfatness." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Eye medicine. Sassafras Used as a wash for sore eyes; also, compound taken for worms. Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Sassafras Taken for venereal diseases; also, taken for ague. ....... . Cherokee Pediatric aid. Sassafras Infusion of bark used as a wash or given to children with worms. Cherokee Venereal aid. Sassafras Taken for venereal diseases; also, taken for ague. Chippewa Blood medicine. SASSAFRAS VARIIFOLIUM Sassafras Infusion of root bark taken to thin the bleod. Choctaw Blood medicine. Sassafras Decoction of roots taken to thin the blood. Choctaw Misc disease remedy. Sassafras Decoction of roots taken for measles. . . . . Creek Unspecified. SASSAFRAS VARIIFOLIUM Sassafras Plant used for unspecified medicinal purpose. Delaware-Okl Blood medicine. Sassafras Compound containing root bark used as a blood purifier. Delaware-Okl Tonic. Sassafras Bark used in a tonic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Houma Misc disease remedy. Sassafras Decoction of fresh or dried root taken to cure measles and scarlet fever.

444

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Genera

· (37:343) · (37:342) · (37:343) · (37:343) . (61:52,53) · (66:316) (15:61) (15:61) (15:61) · (66:316) · (66:316) (15:61) (66:314) · (63:389) · (66:310) (66:310) (64:82) (79:24) (35:54) (35:54) (35:54) (35:54) (35:54) (35:54) (35:54) (35:54) (35:54) (79:24) (35:54) (31:130) (79:24) (79:24) (75:661) . (77:25,80) (77:80) (68:60)

Sassafras

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera -Sassafras albidum Lauraceae

Iroquois Anthelmintic. Sassafras Compound infusion of roots and whisky taken as blood remedy & for tape worms. Iroquois Antirheumatic - Int. Sassafras Compound infusion of plant with whisky taken for rheumatism. Iroquois Blood medicine. Sassafras Decoction of pith from new sprouts used as blood medicine. Decoction or infusion of bark taken as a blood purifier and for watery blood. Decoction or infusion of roots taken for watery blood or to clear the blood. Plant taken for blood pressure and to thin the blood. . .......... . Iroquois Cold remedy. Sassafras Infusion of roots taken by women with fevers after childbirth or for colds. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Sassafras Leaves used as a poultice for wounds, cuts, and bruises. . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Eye medicine. Sassafras Infusion or decoction of plant used as a wash for sore eyes or cataracts. Iroquois Febrifuge. Sassafras Infusion of roots taken by women with fevers after childbirth or for colds. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Sassafras Infusion of roots taken by women with fevers after childbirth or for colds. Iroquois Hemostat. Sassafras Decoction of pith from new sprouts used for nosebleed. . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Hypotensive. Sassafras Decoction of pith from new sprouts or roots taken for high blood pressure. Plant taken for blood pressure and to thin the blood. . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Sassafras Compound decoction of roots taken for swellings on the shins and calves. Iroquois Tonic. Sassafras Taken as a tonic. No preparation indicated. Koasati Dermatological aid. Sassafras Poultice of mashed leaves applied to bee stings. Koasati Heart medicine. Sassafras Decoction of roots taken for heart troubles. . . . Mohegan Eye medicine. SASSAFRAS OFFICINALE Sassafras Infusion of young shoots used as a wash for sore eyes. Mohegan Tonic. SASSAFRAS OF FICIN ALE Sassafras Root, leaves, and bark mixed with other herbs to make a tonic. Mohegan Tonic. SASSAFRAS SASSAFRAS Sassafras Complex compound infusion including sassafras root taken as spring tonic. Nanticoke Febrifuge. Sassafras Infusion of root taken to ward off "fever and ague." Nanticoke Misc disease remedy. Sassafras Infusion of plant taken to prevent fever and ague. . Rappahannock Burn dressing. SASSAFRAS VARIIFOLIUM Sassafras Decoction of branch pith used as wash for sore eyes and burns. Rappahannock Dermatological aid. SASSAFRAS VARIIFOLIUM Sassafras Infusion of roots taken for the rash and to reduce the fever of measles. Rappahannock Eye medicine. SASSAFRAS VARIIFOLIUM Sassafras Decoction of branch pith used as wash for sore eyes and burns. Rappahannock Febrifuge. SASSAFRAS MOLLE Sassafras Infusion of roots taken for the rash and to reduce the fever of measles. Rappahannock Misc disease remedy. SASSAFRAS VARIIFOLIUM Sassafras Infusion of roots taken for the rash and to reduce the fever of measles. Rappahannock Other. SASSAFRAS VARIIFOLIUM Sassafras Infusion of root taken as spring tonic and nerve medicine. Rappahannock Stimulant. SASSAFRAS VARIIFOLIUM Sassafras Raw buds are chewed to "increase vigor in males." Rappahannock Tonic. SASSAFRAS VARIIFOLIUM Sassafras Infusion of root taken as spring tonic and nerve medicine. Satureja douglasii Lamiaceae Costanoan Anthelmintic. Decoction of plant used for pinworms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Costanoan Toothache remedy. Poultice of warm leaves applied to jaw or plant held in mouth for toothaches. Luisenos Unspecified. MICROMERIA DOUGLASII Yerba buena Infusion of plant used for medicinal purposes. Mahuna Sedative. MICROMERIA DOUGLASn Mint Infusion of plant taken as a sedative for insomnia. Mendocino Ind Blood medicine. MICROMERIA CHAMISSONIS Yerba buena Infusion of dried leafy vines taken for colic or to purify the blood. ..

Genera

(37:334) (37:26) (37:26) (37:334) (37:334) (37:334) (37:26) (37:26) (37:334) (37:26) (37:26) (37:26) (37:26) (37:334) (37:334) (37:334) (79:24) (79:24) (78:75,132) (78:75,132) .. (76:266) . (77:56,84) (77:56) (69:26) (69:26) (69:26) (69:26) (69:26) (69:26) (69:26) (69:26) (5:17) (5:17) (65:229) (55:23) (16:383)

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445

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Satureja

Table 1: Genera -SatureJ·a douglasii Lamiaceae Mendocino Ind Gast-intestinal aid. MICROMERIA CHAMISSONIS Yerba buena Infusion of dried leafy vines taken for colic or to purify the blood. Pomo Blood medicine. MICROMERIA CHAMISSONIS Yerba buena Infusion of plant taken to purify the blood. . . . . . . . . . . . . Pomo Dietary aid. MICROMERIA CHAMISSONIS Yerba buena Decoction of plant taken for upset stomach and becoming thin. Pomo Gast-intestinal aid. MICROMERIA CHAMISSONIS Yerba buena Decoction of plant taken for upset stomach and becoming thin. Satureja hortensis Lamiaceae Cherokee Analgesic. Savory, summer Snuff of leaves used for headache. Sauru:rus cemuus Saururaceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Lizard's tail Roasted and mashed roots used as poultice. Cherokee Unspecified. Lizard's tail Roasted and mashed roots used as poultices. Choctaw Dermatological aid. Lizard's tail . Poultice of boiled, mashed roots applied to wounds. Choctaw Dermatological aid. Poultice of boiled, mashed roots applied to wounds. Ojibwa Antirheumatic - Ext. Indian pepper Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for general illnesses and rheumatism. . Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. Indian pepper Infusion of plant taken for stomach troubles; plant used as stomach medicine. . Ojibwa Panacea. Indian pepper Infusion of pounded plants used as wash for general illnesses and rheumatism. . Saxifraga ferruginea Saxifragaceae Bella Coola Urinary aid. SAXIFRAGA BONGARDI Saxifrage Decoction of root and leaf taken to cure "strangulation of the bladder." . . . . . . . . . . . Saxifraga pensylvanica Saxifragaceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Branch lettuce Root poultice used for sore, swollen muscles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Blood medicine. SAXIFRAGA PENNSYLVANICA Saxifrage, swamp Compound infusion of roots and leaves taken as a blood purifier. Iroquois Ceremonial medicine. SAXIFRAGA PENNSYLVANICA Saxifrage, swamp Ingredient in "Little Water Medicine" ritual. No preparation indicated. . Iroquois Kidney aid. SAXIFRAGA PENNSYLVANICA Saxifrage, swamp Infusion of roots taken for weak kidneys or dropsy. . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Other. SAXIFRAGA PENNSYLVANICA Saxifrage, swamp Compound used for dropsy. No preparation or application indicated. Iroquois Panacea. SAXIFRAGA PENNSYLVANICA Saxifrage, swamp Menominee Unspecified. SAXIFRAGA PENNSYLVANICA Saxifrage, swamp Remedy known as "the rabbit's ear;" less famous than Valeriana uliginosa. . . . . . . . . . Scirpus acutus Cyperaceae Montana Ind. Dietary aid. SCIRPl)"S LACUSTRIS OCCID. Bulrush Roots chewed "as a preventative to thirst." Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Bulrush Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Bulrush Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Scirpus americanus Cyperaceae Kwakiutl Dermatological aid. Bulrush Grass and oil used on child's head to make the hair grow long and thick. Kwakiutl Pediatric aid. Bulrush Grass and oil used on child's head to make the hair grow long and thick. Scirpus nevadensis Cyperaceae Cheyenne Ceremonial medicine. Spikerush Plant used in the Sun Dance ceremony. Scirpus pollidus Cyperaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Bulrush Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Bulrush Plant used as a ceremonial emetic. Scirpus rubrotinctus Cyperaceae Micmac Dermatological aid. Bulrush Roots used to treat abscesses; also, herbs used to treat sore throats. Micmac Throat aid. Bulrush Roots used to treat abscesses; also, herbs used to treat sore throats.

446

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Genera

(16:383) (27:15) (27:15) (27:15) (35:54) (35:43) (90:74) (79:11) . (8:23) (52:231) (52:231) (52:231) (60:58) (35:26) (37:344) (37:344) (37:344) (37:344) (61:53) . (3:23) (84:19) (84:19) (82:272) (82:272) . (36:8) (84:19) (84:19) (15:61) (15:61)

Scirpus

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Scirpus sp. Cyperaceae Houma Orthopedic aid. Rat grass Decoction of plant used as a wash for weak legs. . . . . . . . (68:60) Houma Pediatric aid. Rat grass Decoction of plant given to nervous, fretful, crying children. (68:60) Houma Sedative. Rat grass Decoction of plant given to nervous, fretful, crying children. (68:60) Scirpus validus Cyperaceae Cherokee Emetic. Bulrush, great Decoction of plant taken as an emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (79:6) (35:27) Decoction used as emetic; compound used as medicine for "spoiled saliva." Cherokee Oral aid. Bulrush, great Decoction used as emetic; compound used as medicine for "spoiled saliva." (35:27) . Iroquois Snake bite remedy. Bulrush, great Compound decoction of roots and stems used as a poultice for snake bite. (37:275) Iroquois Tuberculosis remedy. Bulrush, great Compound taken for consumption caused by N. luteum. No preparation indicated .. (37:275) Scrophularia cali/ornica Scrophulariaceae Costanoan Dermatological aid. Poultice of heated twigs applied to swollen sores. (5:15) Poultice of leaves applied to boils or swellings. (5:15) Costanoan Disinfectant. Decoction of twigs used as a wash for infections. (5:15) Costanoan Eye medicine. Plant juice used as an eyewash for poor vision. (5:15) Poultice of leaves applied to sore eyes. (5:15) Porno Dermatological aid. Figwort Poultice of heated leaves applied to boils. (27:15) Scrophularia lanceolata Scrophulariaceae Iroquois Antihemorrhagic. Figwort, hare Decoction of roots taken for hemorrhage after childbirth. (37:434) Iroquois Blood medicine. Figwort, hare Decoction of roots taken for the blood by women after childbirth. (37:434) Iroquois Cold remedy. Figwort, hare Infusion of roots taken to prevent cramps and colds after birth. (37:434) Iroquois Dermatological aid. Figwort, hare Poultice applied to relieve soreness of sunburns, sunstroke and frostbite. (37:433) Iroquois Gynecological aid. Figwort, hare Compound decoction of leaves and roots taken for a "sick womb." (37:433) Infusion of roots taken to prevent cramps and colds after birth. (37:434) I.roquois Kidney aid. Figwort, hare Compound taken for dropsy. No preparation indicated. (37:434) Scrophularia marilandica Scrophulariaceae Fox Unspecified. Figwort Roots used as a medicine, no specific use noted. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (62:247) Iroquois Gynecological aid. Figwort, Maryland Infusion of roots taken by women who are weak due to irregular menses. (37:433) Scutellaria cali/ornica Lamiaceae Mendocino Ind Febrifuge. Plant used for chills and fevers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (16:385) Scutellaria elliptica Lamiaceae Cherokee Abortifacient. Skullcap, hairy Infusion of root for monthly period; compound used for expelling afterbirth. (35:55) Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Skullcap, hairy Infusion of root taken for monthly period; also, taken for diarrhea. (35:55) Cherokee Breast treatment. Skullcap, hairy Decoction taken for nerves; also, compound used for breast pains. (35:55) Cherokee Gynecological aid. Skullcap, hairy Infusion of root for monthly period; compound used for expelling afterbirth. (35:55) Cherokee Kidney aid. Skullcap, hairy Root compound used as a kidney medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (35:55) Scutellaria galericulata Lamiaceae Delaware-Okl Laxative. Skullcap Plant top used as a laxative and a "stomach stimulant." . (77:31,80) Ojibwa Heart medicine. Scullcap, marsh Plant used in unspecified way for heart trouble. .. (63:372) Scutellaria incana Lamiaceae Cherokee Abortifacient. Skullcap Infusion of root for monthly period; compound used for expelling afterbirth. (35:55) Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Skullcap (35:55) Infusion of root taken for monthly period; also, taken for diarrhea.

Genera

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447

Scutellaria

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Scutellaria incana Lamiaceae

Cherokee Breast -treatment. Skullcap Decoction taken for nerves; also, compound used for breast pains. .. . . . . Cherokee Gynecological aid. Skullcap Infusion of root for monthly period; compound used for expelling afterbirth. Cherokee Kidney aid. Skullcap Root compound used as a kidney medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scutellaria lateriftom Lamiaceae Cherokee Abortifacient. Skullcap, mad dog Infusion of root for monthly period; compound used for expelling afterbirth. Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Skullcap, mad dog Infusion of root taken for monthly period; also, taken for diarrhea. Cherokee Breast treatment. Skullcap, mad dog Decoction taken for nerves; also, compound used for breast pains. Cherokee Emetic. Skullcap, mad dog Decoction of roots taken as an emetic to expel the afterbirth. Cherokee Gynecological aid. Skullcap, mad dog Decoction of roots taken as an emetic to expel the afterbirth. Infusion of root for monthly period; compound used for expelling afterbirth. Cherokee Kidney aid. Skullcap, mad dog Root compound used as a kidney medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Misc disease remedy. Skullcap, mad dog Infusion of powdered roots taken to prevent smallpox or to keep throat clean. Iroquois Throat aid. Skullcap, mad dog Infusion of powdered roots taken to prevent smallpox or to keep throat clean. Scutellaria paroula Lamiaceae Fox Antidiarrheal. Scullcap, small Plant used in the treatment of flux. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... Sebastiana /igustrina Euphorbiaceae Alabama Laxative. Roots chewed "to produce a movement of the bowels." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Swum divergens Crassulaceae Okanagan Hemorrhoid remedy. Stonecrop Plant used for piles. . . . . . . . . . . Okanagan Laxative. Stonecrop Plant given to children as a laxative. Okanagan Pediatric aid. Stonecrop Plant given to children as a laxative. Thompson Ind Hemorrhoid remedy. Stonecrop Plant used for piles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Laxative. Orpine Decoction of whole plant given to children to relieve constipation. Thompson Ind Laxative. Stonecrop Plant given to children as a laxative. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Thompson Ind Pediatric aid. Orpine Decoction of whole plant given to children to relieve constipation. Thompson Ind Pediatric aid. Stonecrop Plant given to children as a laxative. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sedum pu1pureum Crassulaceae Micmac Dermatological aid. Live forever Leaves used to treat boils and carbuncles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sedum 10800 Crassulaceae N univak Eskimo Unspecified. Infusion of flowers used for its medicinal value. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. W. Eskimo Analgesic. SEDUM ROSEUM Compound decoction of flowers taken for stomachache & intestinal discomfort. W. Eskimo Gast-intestinal aid. SEDUM ROSEUM Compound decoction of flowers taken for stomachache & intestinal discomfort. W. Eskimo Tuberculosis remedy. SEDUM ROSEUM Stonecrop Raw flowers eaten as a treatment for tuberculosis. Raw flowers eaten as treatment for tuberculosis. Swum sp. Crassulaceae Costanoan Dermatological aid. Decoction of plant or powdered plant used on wounds. Costanoan Febrifuge. Decoction of plant used as a gargle to reduce fevers. Costanoan Throat aid. Decoction of plant used as a gargle for sore throats. Thompson Ind Hemorrhoid remedy. Orpine Decoction of several species used as a wash, or poultice of plant for piles.

448

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Genera

(35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (35:55) (79:56) (79:56) (35:55) (35:55) (37:422) (37:422) (62:227) (75:665) (48:41) (48:41) (48:41) (48:41) (71:463) (48:41) (71:463) (48:41) (15:62) (59:325) (44:5) (44:5) (44:24) (44:60) (5:18) (5:18) (5:18) (71:463)

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Medicinal Plants of Native America

Sedum

Table 1: Genera - Sedum spathulifolium Crassulaceae Bella Coola Gynecological aid. Stonecrop Leaves eaten, or warmed and used as poultice, to start maternal milk flow. (60:57) Okanagan Hemorrhoid remedy. Stonecrop Plant used for piles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (48:41) Okanagan Pediatric aid. Stonecrop Infusion of whole plant used as a wash for babies with extreme nervousness. (48:41) Okanagan Sedative. Stonecrop Infusion of whole plant used as a wash for babies with extreme nervousness. (48:41) Thompson Ind Hemorrhoid remedy. Stonecrop Plant used for piles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (48:41) Thompson Ind Laxative. Orpine Decoction of whole plant given to children to relieve constipation. (71:463) Thompson Ind Pediatric aid. Orpine Decoction of whole plant given to children to relieve constipation. (71:463) Thompson Ind Pediatric aid. Stonecrop Infusion of whole plant used as a wash for babies with extreme nervousness. (48:41) Thompson Ind Pediatric aid. Decoction of whole plant used as a wash to soothe cross babies. . . . . . . . (71:462) Thompson Ind Sedative. Stonecrop Infusion of whole plant used as a wash for babies with extreme nervousness. (48:41) Thompson Ind Sedative. Decoction of whole plant used as a wash to soothe cross babies. . . . . . . . (71:462) Sedum telephioides Crassulaceae Delaware-Ont Dermatological aid. Live forever Poultice of crushed leaves applied to wounds as a disinfectant. (77:66) Delaware-Ont Disinfectant. Live forever Poultice of crushed leaves applied to infected wounds. (77:66) Sedum telephium Crassulaceae Iroquois Dermatological aid. Live forever Plant used when babies cry or for bruises. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:343) Poultice of stalks and leaves applied to injuries resulting from witching. (37:343) Iroquois Liver aid. Live forever Compound infusion of whole roots taken for liver sickness. (37:343) Iroquois Other. Live forever Rubbed on paralyzed face. No preparation indicated. (37:343) Iroquois Pediatric aid. Live forever Used when babies cry or for bruises. No preparation or application indicated. (37:343) Iroquois Veterinary aid. Live forever Infusion of plant given to horses as a diuretic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (37:343) Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Live forever Poultice of stalks and leaves applied to injuries resulting from witching. (37:343) Sempermvum sp. Crassulaceae Mahuna Oral aid. Leek, house Plant used for the prevention of swelling of the salivary glands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (55:47) Sempervivum tectorum Crassulaceae Cherokee Dermatological aid. Leek, house Poultice of wilted plant applied to corns to remove them. . . . . . . . . (35:42) Cherokee Ear medicine. Leek, house Juice is warmed and used for earache; also, plant used to remove corns. (35:42) Senecio aureus Asteraceae Cherokee Gynecological aid. Ragwort, golden Infusion taken for heart trouble; also, taken to prevent pregnancy. (35:52) Cherokee Heart medicine. Ragwort, golden Infusion taken for heart trouble; also, taken to prevent pregnancy. (35:52) Iroquois Blood medicine. Ragwort, golden Decoction of plants taken for the kidneys and the blood. (37:473) Iroquois Diaphoretic. Ragwort, golden Roots used as a diaphoretic. No preparation or application indicated. (37:473) Iroquois Febrifuge. Ragwort, golden Infusion of rosettes given to children with fevers. (37:473) Iroquois Kidney aid. Ragwort, golden Decoction of plants taken for the kidneys and the blood. (37:473) Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Ragwort, golden Decoction of plants taken for broken bones. . . . (37:473) Iroquois Pediatric aid. Ragwort, golden Infusion of rosettes given to children with fevers. (37:473) Senecio congestus Asteraceae W. Eskimo Poison. Groundsel Roots considered poisonous. (44:17)

Genera

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449

Senecio

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Senecio douglaml Asteraceae

Costanoan Dermatological aid. (5:27) Infusion of plant used externally for infected sores or cuts. Costanoan Disinfectant. Infusion of plant used externally for infected sores or cuts. (5:27) Costanoan Gynecological aid. Infusion of plant taken for "lockjaw" in women after childbirth. (5:27) Costanoan Kidney aid. Infusion of plant taken for a "cold in the kidneys." . . . . . . . . (5:27) Costanoan Other. Infusion of plant taken for "lockjaw" in women after childbirth. (5:27) Kawaiisu Laxative. Groundsel, bush Infusion of leaves taken as a strong laxative and can cause death. (92:63) Kawaiisu Other. Groundsel, bush Infusion of leaves used as a very strong medicine. . . . . . . . . . . (92:63) Senecio longi/obus Asteraceae Hopi Dermatological aid. Groundsel Ground leaves applied to pimples. . (88:32,98) Hopi Orthopedic aid. Groundsel Pounded plant smeared over sore muscles. . (88:32,98) Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Poultice of plant applied to boils. (91:49) Senecio multicapitatus Asteraceae Navaho Dermatological aid. Decoction of plants used as a steam bath for sores. (38:156) Navaho-Ramah Cathartic. Groundsel Decoction of root taken as a cathartic. . . . . . . . . (84:53) Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. Groundsel Decoction of root used to facilitate delivery of placenta. (84:53) Zuni Analgesic. Senecio . (72:59,60) Cold infusion of pulverized root rubbed over limbs for "aching bones." Zuni Ceremonial medicine. Senecio .. (72:59) Infusion of powdered root ceremonially rubbed on limbs for "aching bones." Zuni Eye medicine. Senecio . (72:59,60) Infusion of blossoms used as drops for inflamed eyes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Zuni Orthopedic aid. Senecio (72:59) Infusion of powdered root ceremonially rubbed on limbs for "aching bones." Senecio multilobatus Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Analgesic. Groundsel Decoction of plant used to treat menstrual pain. (84:53) Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. Groundsel Plant rubbed on body as ceremonial medicine. (84:53) Navaho-Ramah Gynecological aid. Groundsel Decoction of plant taken for menstrual pain. (84:53) Senecio neomexicanus Asteraceae Navaho-Kayenta Antidote. Plant used as an antidote for narcotics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (91:49) Navaho-Kayenta Burn dressing. Powdered plant or poultice of plant applied & plant used as lotion for burns. (91:49) Navaho-Kayenta Disinfectant. Plant used for bear infections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (91:49) Navaho-Ramah Hunting medicine. Groundsel Cold infusion used as lotion for good luck in hunting. (84:53) Senecio pseudo-arnica Asteraceae Aleut Dermatological aid. Ragwort Poultice of leaves applied to cuts and boils to aid in drainage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1:427) Senecio sma/Iii Asteraceae Catawba Tuberculosis remedy. Plant used for consumption. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (67:191) Senecio sp. Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. SENECIO FENDLER! Groundsel Plant used in ceremonial chant lotion. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:53) Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. SENECIO QUAERENS Groundsel Plant used in unspecified manner to treat frozen feet. . . . . . . (84:53) Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. SENECIO QUARENS Groundsel Poultice of moistened, crushed leaves & flowers applied to pimples or sores. (84:53) Navaho-Ramah Gast-intestinal aid. SENECIO QUAERENS Groundsel Decoction taken after swallowing an ant. (84:53) Navaho-Ramah Other. SENECIO FENDLERI Groundsel Plant used as "life medicine." . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:53)

450

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Genera

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Senecio

Table 1: Genera Senecio tffJ. Asteraceae Navaho-Ramah Other. SENECIO QUAERENS Groundsel Plant used as "life medicine." . . . . . . . . . . . . (84:53) Navaho-Ramah Pediatric aid. SENECIO QUARENS Groundsel Strong decoction used for "birth injury." ......... (84:53) Senecio triangularis Asteraceae Cheyenne Analgesic. (33:190) Infusion of leaves or roots taken as a sedative for chest pains. Cheyenne Sedative. Infusion of leaves or roots taken as a sedative for chest pains. (33:190) Sequoia semperoirens Taxodiaceae Porno Ear medicine. Redwood Poultice of heated leaves applied for earaches. (27:11) Porno Stimulant. Redwood Gummy sap taken for run-down conditions. (27:11) Porno Tonic. Redwood Infusion of gummy sap taken as a tonic. (27:11) Sesamum indicum Martyniaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. Benne plant Decoction of leaves & seeds given for flux, dysentery, and cholera infantum. (35:25) Cherokee Cathartic. Benne plant Oil of seed used as cathartic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (35:25) Cherokee Gynecological aid. Benne plant Decoction of leaves & seeds given for flux, dysentery, and cholera infantum. (35:25) Cherokee Misc disease remedy. Benne plant Decoction of leaves & seeds given for flux, dysentery, and cholera infantum. (35:25) Cherokee Pediatric aid. Benne plant Decoction of leaves & seeds given for flux, dysentery, and cholera infantum. (35:25) Setaria glauca Poaceae Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. SETARIA LUTESCENS Grass, bristle Fruits rubbed on open facial pimples. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. (84:17) Shepherdia argentea Elaeagnaceae Cheyenne Unspecified. Buffalo berry, thorny Dried, smashed berries used as an ingredient in medicinal mixtures. (36:24) Dakota Ceremonial medicine. LEPARGYREA ARGENTEA Buffalo berry Fruit used occasionally in ceremonial feasts at female puberty rites. (30:106) Navaho Febrifuge. Buffalo berry, silver (38:156) Berries taken for fevers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Shepherdia canadensis Elaeagnaceae Gitksan Antirheumatic - Int. Soapolallie Compound decoction of root taken three times a day for rheumatism. (60:60) Gitksan Cough medicine. Soapolallie Decoction of bark, branches, and leaves taken for chronic cough. . . . (60:60) Gitksan Venereal aid. Soapolallie Decoction of roots, stem, and branches used as a wash for gonorrhea. (60:60) N Carrier Cathartic. Soapolallie Decoction of root taken as a purgative. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (60:60) Salishan Cathartic. Decoction of twigs taken as a tonic for the stomach and as a mild physic. (80:294) Salishan Gast-intestinal aid. Decoction of twigs taken as a tonic for the stomach and as a mild physic. (80:294) Salishan Tonic. Decoction of twigs taken as a tonic for the stomach and as a mild physic. (80:294) Shuswap Cathartic. Soapberry Decoction of plants taken by young men in training to purge themselves. (47:61) Shuswap Gast-intestinal aid. Soapberry Decoction of berries taken for stomach. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (47:61) Sioux Antidiarrheal. Bark used as a remedy for diarrhea; also, root used as a cathartic. (3:24) Sioux Cathartic. Bark used as a remedy for diarrhea; also, root used as a cathartic. (3:24) Sioux Poison. Fruit is very acrid and said to be poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3:24) Thompson Ind Cathartic. LEPARGYREA CANADENSIS Buffalo berry, russet Decoction of root or of dried stem and leaves taken as a physic. (71:472) Thompson Ind Disinfectant. Buffalo berry, russet Decoction of stem & leaf taken by hunters & warriors in sweathouse to purify. . (71:505) Thompson Ind Gast-intestinal aid. LEPARGYREA CANADENSIS Buffalo berry, russet Decoction of bark taken as a tonic for the stomach. . . . . . . . . . (71:472) Thompson Ind Tonic. LEPARGYREA CANADENSIS Buffalo berry, russet Decoction of bark taken as a tonic for the stomach. . . . . . . . . . (71:472)

Genera

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451

Shepherdia

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Shepherdia rotundifolia Elaeagnaceae Navaho-Kayenta Analgesic. Ash used as lotion for headaches, toothaches, sore throat and to heal navels .. Navaho-Kayenta Ceremonial medicine. Plant used as a Plumeway emetic. Navaho-Kayenta Dermatological aid. Ash used as lotion for headaches, toothaches, sore throat and to heal navels .. Navaho-Kayenta Emetic. Plant used as a Plumeway emetic. Navaho-Kayenta Pediatric aid. Ash used as lotion for headaches, toothaches, sore throat and to heal navels .. Navaho-Kayenta Throat aid. Ash used as lotion for headaches, toothaches, sore throat and to heal navels.. Navaho-Kayenta Toothache remedy. Ash used as lotion for headaches, toothaches, sore throat and to heal navels .. Sicy08 angulatus Cucurbitaceae Iroquois Venereal aid. Cucumber, bur Decoction of vine taken for venereal disease. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Veterinary aid. Cucumber, bur Compound plants mixed with cow's feed for difficult birth of a calf. Sida sp. Malvaceae Choctaw Antidiarrheal. SmA HEDERACEA Sida, round leaved Root used for "dysentery, diarrhea, inflammation of the bowels, burns, etc." Choctaw Burn dressing. SmA HEDERACEA Sida, round leaved Root used for "dysentery, diarrhea, inflammation of the bowels, burns, etc." Choctaw Gast-intestinal aid. SmA HEDERACEA Sida, round leaved Root used for "dysentery, diarrhea, inflammation of the bowels, burns, etc." Sidalcea neomexicana Malvaceae Navaho-Ramah Other. Cold infusion of plant taken for internal injury. Silene acaulis Caryophyllaceae Gosiute Gast-intestinal aid. Catchfly Plant used for colic in children. Gosiute Pediatric aid. Catchfly Plant used for colic in children. Silene campanuiata Caryophyllaceae Karok Pediatric aid. Plant used as medicine for babies. Karok Unspecified. Plant used as medicine for babies. Silene laciniata Caryophyllaceae Navaho-Ramah Burn dressing. Campion, Mexican Poultice of leaves applied to burns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Other. Campion, Mexican Decoction of root taken for mad dog or mad coyote bite. Silene noctiftora Caryophyllaceae Menominee Unspecified. Catchfly, night flowering Plant used as a medicine; preparation and use unspecified. Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. Catchfly, night flowering Poultice of leaves applied to prairie dog bite. . . . . . . . . Silene 8couleri Caryophyllaceae Gosiute Analgesic. Catchfly Warm infusion of pounded plant used as an emetic for stomach pain. Gosiute Emetic. Catchfiy Warm infusion of pounded plant used as an emetic for stomach pain. Gosiute Gast-intestinal aid. Catchfly Warm infusion of pounded plant used as an emetic for stomach pain. Gosiute Veterinary aid. Catchfly Plant used as a horse medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Dermatological aid. SILENE PRINGLEI Campion, Pringle's Cold infusion used as lotion for coyote bite on man, sheep, or horse. Navaho-Ramah Veterinary aid. SILENE PRINGLEI Campion, Pringle's Cold infusion of plant as lotion for coyote bite on man, sheep, or horse. Silene 8p. Caryophyllaceae Gosiute Analgesic. SILENE MULTICAULIS Catchfly Warm infusion of pounded plant used as an emetic for stomach pain. Gosiute Analgesic. SILENE MULTICAULIS Infusion of roots taken as an emetic to relieve pain from stomach troubles. Gosiute Emetic. SILENE MULTICAULIS Catchfly Warm infusion of pounded plant used as an emetic for stomach pain. . ..

452

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Genera

(91:32) (91:32) (91:32) (91:32) (91:32) (91:32) (91:32) (37:451) (37:451) (9:287) (9:287) (9:287) (84:36) (14:381) (14:381) . (58:383) (58:383) (84:27) (84:27) (61:28) (84:27) . (14:381) (14:381) (14:381) (14:381) (84:27) (84:27) (14:381) (14:350) (14:381)

Silene

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera --

Silene sp. Caryophyllaceae Gosiute Emetic. SILENE MULTICAULIS Infusion of roots taken as an emetic to relieve pain from stomach troubles. (14:350) Gosiute Gast-intestinal aid. SILENE MULTICAULIS Catchfly Warm infusion of pounded plant used as an emetic for stomach pain. . .. (14:381) Gosiute Gast-intestinal aid. SILENE MULTICAULIS (14:350) Infusion of roots taken as an emetic to relieve pain from stomach troubles. Gosiute Veterinary aid. SILENE MULTICAULIS Catchfly Plant used as a horse medicine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (14:381) Silene stellata Caryophyllaceae Fox Dermatological aid. Campion, starry Poultice of root applied to dry up swellings that discharge pus. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (62:208) Silphium compositum Asteraceae Cherokee Gynecological aid. Rosin weed Used as a strong stimulant for whites; also, taken by weakly females. (35:53) Cherokee Stimulant. Rosin weed Used as a 'strong stimulant for whites; also, taken by weakly females. (35:53) Silphium integrifolium Asteraceae Fox Analgesic. Rosin weed, entire leaved Root steam directed to crippled area; also, used to treat pain. (62:216) Fox Herbal steam. Rosin weed, entire leaved Root steam directed to crippled area; also, used to treat pain. (62:216) Fox Kidney aid. Rosin weed, entire leaved Root used to treat "one with kidney trouble or who was crippled." (62:216) Fox Orthopedic aid. Rosin weed, entire leaved Root steam directed to crippled area; also, used to treat pain. (62:216) Fox Urinary aid .. Rosin weed, entire leaved Infusion of leaves used to treat bladder troubles. . . . . . . . . (62:216) Silphium lact'niatum Asteraceae Dakota Veterinary aid. Pilot weed (30:132) Decoction of pounded root used as a vermifuge for horses. . ..... Dakota Witchcraft medicine. Pilot weed (30:132) Dried root burned during storms to act as a charm against lightning. Fox Emetic. Compass plant (62:216,217) Decoction of smaller roots taken as an emetic. Omaha Veterinary aid. Pilot weed Decoction of root given to horses as a tonic. (30:132) Omaha Veterinary aid. (28:335) Roots given to horses as a tonic. . ..... Omaha Witchcraft medicine. Pilot weed (30:132) Dried root burned during storms to act as a charm against lightning. Pawnee Tonic. Pilot weed (30:132) Decoction of root taken for general debility. .............. . Pawnee Witchcraft medicine. Pilot weed (30:132) Dried root burned during storms to act as a charm against lightning. Ponca Veterinary aid. Pilot weed (30:132) Decoction of root given to horses as a tonic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ponca Witchcraft medicine. Pilot weed (30:132) Dried root burned during storms to act as a charm against lightning. Winnebago Witchcraft medicine. Pilot weed (30:132) Dried root burned during storms to act as a charm against lightning. Silphium perfoliatum Asteraceae Chippewa Abortifacient. Cup plant (21:358) Simple or compound decoction of root taken for "stoppage of periods." Chippewa Analgesic. Cup plant (21:340) Decoction of root taken for lung hemorrhage and pain in the back and chest. Chippewa Antihemorrhagic. Cup plant (21:340) Decoction of root taken for lung hemorrhage and pain in the back and chest. Chippewa Hemostat. Cup plant (21:356) Poultice of moistened, dried root applied to wounds as a styptic. Chippewa Orthopedic aid. Cup plant Decoction of root taken for back pain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (21:340) Chippewa Pulmonary aid. Cup plant (21:340) Decoction of root taken for hemorrhage from the lungs, & back and chest pain. Fox Antiemetic. Cup plant, Indian (62:217) Root used to "alleviate the vomiting of pregnancy." Fox Gynecological aid. Cup plant, Indian Infusion of root taken by women to prevent premature birth. (62:217) (62:217) Root used to reduce profuse menstruation; as an antiemetic during pregnancy. Iroquois Emetic. Cup plant Decoction of roots taken as an emetic. (37:468)

Genera

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453

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Silphium

Table 1: Genera - Silphium perfoliatum Asteraceae Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Cup plant (37:468) Decoction of roots used as face wash for paralysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Pediatric aid. Cup plant (37:468) Burned root soot placed on child's cheek to prevent them from seeing ghosts. Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Cup plant (37:468) Burned root soot placed on cheek to prevent sickness caused by the dead. Ojibwa Antirheumatic - Int. Cup plant, Indian (63:365) Infusion of root taken for lumbago and other rheumatic back pains. Ojibwa Gast-intestinal aid. Cup plant, Indian (63:365) Plant used for stomach trouble; also, used for hemorrhage. Ojibwa Hemostat. Cup plant, Indian (63:365) Plant used for stomach trouble; also, used for hemorrhage. Omaha Analgesic. Cup plant (30:132) Root used in smoke treatment for headcold, neuralgia, and rheumatism. Omaha Analgesic. (28:334) Smoke from burning plant inhaled for head colds and pain. . . . . . . . . Omaha Antirheumatic - Int. Cup plant (30:132) Root used in smoke treatment for headcold, neuralgia, and rheumatism. Omaha Cold remedy. Cup plant (30:132) Root used in smoke treatment for headcold, neuralgia, and rheumatism. Omaha Cold remedy. (28:334) Smoke from burning plant inhaled for head colds and pain. Omaha Herbal steam. Cup plant (30:132) Rootstock used in the vapor bath. .............. . Ponca Analgesic. Cup plant (30:132) Root used in smoke treatment for headcold, neuralgia, and rheumatism. Ponca Antirheumatic - Int. Cup plant (30:132) Root used in smoke treatment for headcold, neuralgia, and rheumatism. Ponca Cold remedy. Cup plant (30:132) Root used in smoke treatment for headcold, neuralgia, and rheumatism. Ponca Herbal steam. Cup plant (30:132) Rootstock used in the vapor bath. ...................... . Winnebago Analgesic. Cup plant (30:132) Root used in smoke treatment for headcold, neuralgia, and rheumatism. Winnebago Antirheumatic - Int. Cup plant (30:132) Root used in smoke treatment for headcold, neuralgia, and rheumatism. Winnebago Ceremonial medicine. Cup plant (30:132) Decoction of root used as a ceremonial emetic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Winnebago Cold remedy. Cup plant (30:132) Root used in smoke treatment for headcold, neuralgia, and rheumatism. Winnebago Emetic. Cup plant (30:132) Decoction of root used as a ceremonial emetic. Winnebago Herbal steam. Cup plant (30:132) Rootstock used in the vapor bath. ...... . Simmondsia chinensis Buxaceae Papago Dermatological aid. SIMMONDSIA CALIFORNICA Bucknut (13:65) Poultice of dried and pulverized nuts applied to sores. (12:65) Poultice of parched, pulverized nuts applied to sores. Sisymbrium altissimum Brassicaceae Navaho-Ramah Emetic. Tumblemustard (84:29) Plant probably used in emetics. Sisymbrium elegans Brassicaceae Navaho-Kayenta Veterinary aid. Plant used as a charm to make a horse run fast. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (91:24) Sisymbrium irio Brassicaceae Pima Eye medicine. Mustard, wild (17:84) Dried seeds placed under the lids of sore eyes to cause weeping. Sisymbrium linearifolium Brassicaceae Navaho-Ramah Ceremonial medicine. HESPERIDANTHUS LINEARIFOLIUS (84:29) Infusion of leaves used as ceremonial eyewash. . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Eye medicine. HESPERIDANTHUS LINEARIFOLIUS (84:29) Infusion of leaves used as ceremonial eyewash. . . . . . . . . Navaho-Ramah Oral aid. HESPERIDANTHUS LINEARIFOLIUS (84:29) Cold infusion of leaves used as a mouthwash for sore gums. Sisymbrium officinale Brassicaceae Cherokee Pulmonary aid. Mustard, hedge (35:46) Used as a poultice for croup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Veterinary aid. Mustard, hedge (37:341) Compound decoction of plants mixed with feed for horses with cramps.

454

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Genera

Sisymbrium

Medicinal Plants of Native America Table 1: Genera - -

Sisymbrium richardsonii Brassicaceae Gitksan Dermatological aid. SISYMBRIUM INCISUM Mustard, hedge Mashed and applied to bad cuts. Sisyrinchium albidum Iridaceae Menominee Antidote. SISYRINCHIUM ALBIDIUM Blue eyed grass Root used to cure poisonous bite inflicted by horse which has eaten root. Menominee Veterinary aid. SISYRINCHIUM ALBIDIUM Blue eyed grass Roots mixed with horse feed to make horse sleek & vicious; bite poisonous. Menominee Witchcraft medicine. SISYRINCHIUM ALBIDIUM Blue eyed grass Plant kept in house or pocket as a charm to ward off snakes. Sisyrinchium angustifolium Iridaceae Cherokee Antidiarrheal. SISYRINCHIUM AUGUSTIFOLIUM Blue eyed grass Infusion of root given for children's diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cherokee Gast-intestinal aid. SISYRINCHIUM AUGUSTIFOLIUM Blue eyed grass Eaten as cooked greens for ''regular bowels." .......... . Cherokee Pediatric aid. SISYRINCHIUM AUGUSTIFOLIUM Blue eyed grass Infusion of root given for children's diarrhea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Iroquois Laxative. SISYRINCHIUM GRAMINOIDES Blue eyed grass, stout Decoction of roots and stalks taken before morning meals for constipation. Iroquois Misc disease remedy. SISYRINCHIUM GRAMINOIDES Blue eyed grass, stout Compound with plant used for "summer complaint." No preparation given. Mahuna Anthelmintic. Blue star flower grass Infusion of plant taken for stomach troubles and stomach worms. Mahuna Gast-intestinal aid. Blue star flower grass Infusion of plant taken for stomach troubles and stomach worms. Sisyrinchium atlanticum Iridaceae Menominee Gynecological aid. Blue eyed grass, Eastern Compound decoction of plant taken to help expel afterbirth. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sisyrinchium bellum Iridaceae Costanoan Febrifuge. Decoction of plant taken for chills and stomachaches. Costanoan Gast-intestinal aid. Decoction of plant taken for chills and stomachaches. Luisenos Cathartic. Blue eyed grass Roots used as a purgative. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sisyrinchium campestre Iridaceae Fox Analgesic. Blue eyed grass Plant used to treat cramps; decoction used to cure hay fever. . . . . . . . . . . . Fox Gynecological aid. Blue eyed grass Compound decoction of base of plant taken by woman with an injured womb. Fox Respiratory aid. Blue eyed grass Decoction of whole plant used to cure hay fever. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sisyrinchium montanum Iridaceae Iroquois Cathartic. Narrow leaved grass Used as physic for old people; "feared it was poison." No preparation given. Iroquois Misc disease remedy. Narrow leaved grass Decoction taken for fevers such as malaria and scarlet fever but not typhoid. Iroquois Poison. N arrow leaved grass Used as physic for old people; "feared it was poison." No preparation given. Sisyrinchium mucronatum Iridaceae Navaho Nose medicine. Blue eyed grass Plant used for nose and throat troubles. Navaho Throat aid. Blue eyed grass Plant used for nose and throat troubles. Sium suave Apiaceae Iroquois Analgesic. Parsnip, water Infusion of smashed roots applied as poultice for pain from broken limb. Iroquois Anticonvulsive. Parsnip, water Compound decoction of roots taken by women for epilepsy. . . . . . . . . Iroquois Orthopedic aid. Parsnip, water Infusion of smashed roots applied as poultice for pain from broken limb. Poultice of fried turnips applied to sprained muscles or out of joint limbs. Shuswap Poison. Parsnip, water White flowers are poisonous. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Smilacina racemosa Liliaceae Cherokee Eye medicine. Solomon's seal, false Cold infusion of root used as a wash for sore eyes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chippewa Analgesic. VAGNERA RACEMOSA Solomon's seal, false Compound decoction of root taken for back pain and "female weakness." Chippewa Analgesic. Solomon's seal, false Burning root fumes inhaled for headaches and pain. . . . . . . . . . . . .

Genera

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(60:57) (61:38) (61:38) (61:38) (35:26) (35:26) (35:26) (37:288) (37:288) (55:6) (55:6) (22:133) (5:29) (5:29) (65:233) (62:224) (62:224) (62:224) (37:288) (37:288) (37:288) (23:37) (23:37) (37:399) (37:399) (37:399) (37:399) (47:57) (35:56) (21:356) (31:125)

455

Medicinal Plants of Native America

Smilacina

Table 1: Genera - Smilacina racemosa Liliaceae Chippewa Gynecological aid. VAGNERA RACEMOSA Solomon's seal, false Compound decoction of root taken for back pain and "female weakness." Costanoan Contraceptive. Decoction of leaves used as a contraceptive. Costanoan Other. Decoction of leaves used as a contraceptive. Delaware-Okl Tonic. Spikenard, false Compound containing root used as a tonic. Fox Anticonvulsive. Spikenard, false Smudge of root used in cases of a fit or insanity, to bring back to normal. Fox Ceremonial medicine. Spikenard, false Root used in meeting when medicine man wants to perform trick or cast spells .. Fox Laxative. Spikenard, false Compound containing root used to loosen the bowels. . . . . . . Fox Misc disease remedy. Spikenard, false Root cooked in kettle to prevent sickness during time of plague. Fox Pediatric aid. Spikenard, false Smudge used "to hush a crying child." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fox Psychological aid. Spikenard, false Smudge of root used in cases of a fit or insanity, to bring back to normal. Fox Sedative. Spikenard, false Smudge used "to hush a crying child." . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fox Stimulant. Spikenard, false Smudge used to "smoke patient for five minutes" to revive him. Fox Veterinary aid. Spikenard, false Root mixed with food fed to hogs to prevent hog cholera. Gitksan Antirheumatic - Int. Solomon's seal, false Decoction of root taken for rheumatism; very strong medicine. Gitksan Cathartic. Solomon's seal, false Decoction of root taken as a purgative; a very strong medicine. Gitksan Dermatological aid. Solomon's seal, false Poultice of mashed roots bound on cuts. . . . . . . . . . . . Gitksan Kidney aid. Solomon's seal, false Decoction of root taken for sore back and kidney trouble. Gitksan Orthopedic aid. Solomon's seal, false Decoction of roots taken as a very strong medicine for sore back. Iroquois Anthelmintic. Solomon's seal, false Compound infusion with whisky taken as a blood remedy and for tape worms. Iroquois Antidote. Solomon's seal, false Compound infusion taken as remedy for poison and poultice used for swellings. Iroquois Antirheumatic - Ext. Solomon's seal, false Compound decoction taken for rheumatism; compound infusion used as foot soak. Iroquois Antirheumatic - Int. Solomon's seal, false Compound decoction taken for rheumatism; compound infusion used as foot soak. Iroquois Blood medicine. Solomon's seal, false Compound infusion with whisky taken as a blood remedy and for tape worms. Iroquois Dermatological aid. Solomon's seal, false Compound infusion taken as remedy for poison and poultice used for swellings. Iroquois Gynecological aid. Solomon's seal, false Compound decoction of roots used ''when woman has miscarriage." .. Iroquois Hunting medicine. Solomon's seal, false Cold compound infusion used to "get a fish on each hook, every cast." Iroquois Snake bite remedy. Solomon's seal, false Roots bound to spoiled snake bites. No preparation indicated. . .. Iroquois Witchcraft medicine. Solomon's seal, false . Compound decoction of roots used as a "rooster fighting medicine." Compound used for witching. No preparation or application indicated. Karok Dermatological aid. SMILACINA AMPLEXICAULIS Solomon, fat Poultice of root applied to navel of child after the umbilical cord is cut. Karok Pediatric aid. SMILACINA AMPLEXICAULIS Solomon, fat Poultice of root applied to navel-