Manufacturing Confucianism: Chinese Traditions and Universal Civilization 9780822399582

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MANUFACTURING CONFUCIANISM

DUKE

UNIVERSITY PRESS

Durham and London I997

MANUFACTURING CONFUCIANISM Chinese Traditions eJ Universal Civilization

Lionel M. Jensen

2.ndptg.2.oo3 © 1997 Duke University Press AJlr~tsreserved

Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper 00 lYPeset in Trump Mediaeval by Keystone Typesettin& Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging-inPublication Data appear on the last printed page of this book.

For my parents, who lovingly gave me my life, and for Susan, Hannah, and Elena, who in giving me everything else, taught me the joyful meaning of it

CONTENTS List of Figures ix Acknowledgments Note xvii Chronology xix

xi

Introduction: Confucius, Kongzi, and the Modern Imagination I

PART ONE

THE MANUFACTURE OF

CONFUCIUS AND CONFUCIANISM I.

The Jesuits, Confucius, and the Chinese

3I

2. There and Back Again: The Jesuits and Their Texts in China and Europe 77

Interlude: The Meaning and End of ConfucianismA Meditation on Conceptual Dependence 135

PART TWO

MAKING SENSE OF RU

AND MAKING UP KONGZI

3. Ancient Texts, Modern Narratives: Nationalism, Archaism, and the Reinvention of Ru 151 4. Particular Is Universal: Hu Shi, Ru, and the Chinese Transcendence of Nationalism 2 17

Epilogue: At Century's End-Ecumenical Nativism and the Economy of Delight 265 Glossary 287 Notes 305 Abbreviations 305 Bibliography 379 Index 421

viii Contents

FIGURES

I.

2.

3.

4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

II.

12.

13.

"Confucius at the Office," by Gary Larson 6 "Confucius," from Louis Ie Comte, Nouveaux memoires 10 Mao Zedong's "Little Red Book" and the "Little Red Book" edition of the Lunyu 13 Mappamondo, by Li Madou (Matteo Ricci) 38 Page from Nicola Trigault, from De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas 66 Page from Matteo Ricci, "Della entrata della Compagnia di Giesu e Christianita nella Cina./I 68 "Cum Fu